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 CAT. NO. 23211 
 
 ^CORMEU. UNIVERSTTY UBRAftV 
 
 ^ IIIIIIBUL 
 
 3 1924 096 448 935 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924096448935 
 
HISTORY 
 
 —OF— 
 
 TIOGA COUNTY, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 EMBRACING 
 
 ITS TOPOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES ; INDIANS AND WHITE 
 EXPLORERS; BEGINNING AND ORGANIZATION; PIONEERS AND EARLY 
 SETTLEMENT; EARLY COURTS AND CASES; INTERNAL IMPROVE- 
 MENTS; INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT; COAL MINES AND MINING; 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OFFICIALS ; LEGAL AND MEDICAL PRO- 
 FESSIONS ; MILITARY HISTORY; LITERATURE; SKETCHES 
 OF BOROUGHS, TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES; MATERIAL, 
 SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS PROGRESS; 
 BIOGRAPHIES AND PORTRAITS OF PIONEERS AND 
 REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS, ETC., ETC., ETC. 
 
 ILLXJSXR.jPs.TEID. 
 
 R. C. BROWN & CO. 
 
 1807. 
 
r 
 
 ••■;. t ,:■ e;^'. 
 
 .■("■ 
 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 harrisburg publishing company 
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 
 
 -5-/] 
 
PREKACB. 
 
 ORE than one hundred years have passed away since the first white 
 settlers built their cabins along the Cowanesque and Tioga 
 rivers and commenced laying the comer-stone of American civiliza- 
 tion within the confines of what is now Tioga county. The Indian 
 occupants had been pushed back farther into the wilderness by the 
 advancing tide of progress, and in their place came the hardy, reso- 
 lute, intelligent pioneers whose descendants now occupy the land. Several genera- 
 tions have come and gone since these events occurred, and the historian of to-day 
 finds a difiicult task to unravel the story and harmonize the many conflicting ac- 
 counts that tradition has handed down from one generation to another. 
 
 In writing a history of Tioga county it has been our aim to preserve, as far 
 as possible, a chronological order. Its topographical and geological features come 
 first, followed by a sketch of the Indians whose numerous camping sites, paths 
 and villages prove that "The Land of Tioga" was a favorite dwelling place and 
 hunting ground. The (.'aucasian race came next, holding aloft the ti)nh of civili- 
 zation — the founders of communities in which the church and the school followed 
 in the wake of the cabin home. With the gradual settlement of the country came 
 the erection of the county, the establishment of a county seat, civil organization 
 and courts of justice. The early constriiction of roads, the improvement of water- 
 ways and the building of railroads furnished transportation for the product of the 
 farm, the mill and the mine, thus keeping pace with the industrial development of 
 the country. The official history of the county has been carefully compiled, and 
 the names of her citizens who have filled public office in the Nation, the State and 
 the county have thus been preserved. The legal and medical professions; the 
 pioneer fathers who served in the Revolution and War of 1812; a roster of Tioga's 
 sons who went out to defend the flag during the dark days of civil strife; the "Lit- 
 erature of Tioga," and the creation and growth of townships, boroughs and vil- 
 lages all find appropriate mention in the pages of this work. 
 
 The labor involved in this undertaking required the examination of state, 
 county, borougli and township records; the careful perusal of books, pamphlets, 
 newspaper files, old family documents, deeds and letters, and the personal inter- 
 viewing of local authorities in every part of the county. To John F. Meginness, 
 Esq., of Williamsport, the veteran historian of the West Branch valley, was in- 
 trusted the first twenty-two chapters of the book, and he spent over a year in their 
 compiliition. The remaining thirty-six chapters embraced in tlie general history, 
 were compiled by ^fr. John Meagher, an experienced and pains-taking w^riter, 
 with the exception of Chapter XLTV. contributed by Rev. David Craft, of Law- 
 rcneeville. The chapter on "Coal ifincs and ^fining" wn-: also written by Ifr. 
 Meagher, and the whole work was compared, revised and o<lited under the personal 
 supervision of the senior member of the firm, who has hud a wide ex]ierience in 
 til is line of historical effort. 
 
■ CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 County Obganization Completed. 
 
 Location of County Seat— Trustees Appointed— Proposals for a Site Advertised for 
 The Offer of Benjamin Wistar Morris Accepted— Location Made— Why Named 
 Wellsboroug-h- A Town Laid Out— Activity of Morris— Delmar Tovynship Formed 
 First Commissioners— Early Financial Statements— Other Statistical Informa- 
 tion— Grovyth of Population by Decades '^'^''^^ 
 
 CHAPTEK VII. 
 
 Eably Cotjbts and Cases. 
 
 Arrests and Trials Under the Intrusion Law— The Case of Ezra Spaulding— History of 
 the Defendani^Other Tioga Settlers Indicted— First Courts of Tioga County — 
 Docket Entries— A Horse Thief Convicted— Six Magisterial Districts Established 
 — The Great Slave Hunt — Important County Records Stolen — ^An Obdurate 
 Judge, 80-93 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Internal Impeovements. 
 
 First Traveled Ways— The State Line Survey— A Rude Road Brushed Out^— The 
 Williamson Road — Why and How It Was Built — A Princely Entertainment in 
 the Wilderness — The Patterson Brothe'rs — Morris State Road — ^More Roads Laid 
 Out — East and West State Road — Era of Plank Roads — Early Navigafion 
 Schemes — The Corning and Blossburg Railroad — ^Morris Run and Arnot 
 Branches — The Fall Brook Railroad — The Cowanesque Branch — The Pine Creek 
 Branch — Elmira and State Line Railroad — The Addison and Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road — Other Railroads, 93-108 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Industrial Development. 
 
 Primitive Saw-Mills and Grist-Mills — The Morris Mills — First Mills at Wellsboro — 
 Babb's Mill — In the Tioga Valley — Early Lumbering Operations — A Rafting 
 Reminiscence — Along the Cowanesque River — Pioneer Mills on Pine Creek — An 
 Era of Rapid Development — Risks and Charms of the Business — The Tanning 
 Industry — Iron Foundries and Smelting Works — The Manufacture of Glass — 
 Progress of Agriculture — Agricultural Societies 109-119 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Coal Mines and Mining. 
 
 The Blossburg and Gaines Coal Basins — Theories Concerning Their Formation 
 
 Their Extent and Character— The Discovery of Coal at Blossburg— Pioneer Mines 
 and Mining— Early Attempts at Development— The Tioga Navigation Company- 
 First Geological Survey — The Arbon Coal Company — Sir Charles Lyell's Visit 
 
 Coal Seams Described — Character and Uses of Blossburg Coal — The Manufacture 
 of Coke — Labor Strikes and Troubles — Recent Statistics — Past and Present, . .119-132 
 
CONTEXTS. Vll 
 
 CHAPTEK XI. 
 
 Public Bxtildings and Officials. 
 
 First Meeting Place of the Commissioners — ^Temporary Quarters Secured — First Pub- 
 lic Buildings Erected — An Odd Contract — High Price of Nails — Description of 
 Buildings — The New Court House and Jail— The Present Jail— The Only Criminal 
 Execution — New Record Building — County House and Farm — Koster of Public 
 Officials, 132-144 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Bencu and Bab. 
 
 Personal Sketches of President Judges — Many Able and Distinguished Jurists 
 Among Them — The Bar of Tioga County— A Brilliant Array of Legal Talent— 
 The Tioga County Bar Association — John F. Donaldson, Prothonotary and Poli- 
 tician — A Sketch of His Career 145-188 
 
 CH.VPTEK XIII. 
 
 The MEDirAi. Professiox. 
 
 Introductory — Pioneer Physicians — Their Courageous Devotion to Duty — Brief 
 Sketches of Prominent Physicians — The First Drug Store — Sketch of Dr. Robert 
 Roy, Its Proprietor — "Brick" Pomeroy's Reminiscences — The Tioga County 
 Medical Association, 189-206 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Early JFilitary History. 
 
 Introduction — Early Settlers Who Were Revolutionary Soldiers — They Led the Way 
 Into the Wilderness — Peter Shumway's Discharge — A Priceless Relic — The War 
 of 1812— Settlers of Tioga Who Served in That Struggle — Old-Time Militia 
 System — The Mexican War 206-216 
 
 CHAPTEK XV. 
 
 War of the Rebellion. 
 
 The Firing on Fort Sumter — Reception of the News in Wellsboro — Meeting of the 
 Borough Council — Resolutions Adopted — Mrs. Mary H. Clymer's Patriotic Act 
 and Letter — The First ^'oluntee^s — Gen. Robert C. Cox's Interesting Narrative — 
 Rosters of Companies Raised in Tioga County — Miscellaneous Commands — ^In 
 New York Regiments— In Other States— The Fourteenth United States Infantry 
 — Soldiers' Monument — Losses in the War 216-249 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Literature of Tioga. 
 
 Josiah Emery's English Grammar — Lydia Jane Pierson, the Forest Minstrel— Mary 
 Emily Jackson, a Native Poetess— M. H. Cobb, Printer and Poet— "Nessmuk," 
 the Lover and Poet of Nature — His Rambles, Travels, and Writings 249-258 
 
VIU CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEE XVII. 
 
 Wellsbobo. 
 
 Descriptive — The Original Town Plot — ^Additional Lots Surveyed — ^Prominent Pio- 
 neers — Josiah Emery's Reminiscences — PostofBce and Postmasters — John Sheffer, 
 the Young Mail Carrier — ^His Koute Through the Wilderness — ^Postoffice Statis- 
 tics — Old-Time Taverns and Landlords — Modem Hotels, 258-374 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Wellsbobo (Continued). 
 
 Village Schools— The Old Academy— Its Incorporation— Its Early and Later History 
 —The Building Now Used as a Church— Common School System Adopted— 
 First Public School Building— Later Buildings and Teachers— Willow Hall 
 School, -....275-295 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Wellsbobo (Continued) . 
 
 The Old Quaker Meeting-House— St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church— Rev. 
 Charles Breck, the Pioneer Pastor— The Work He Accomplished— The Presby- 
 terian Church— Rev. J. P. Calkins' Long Pastorate— His Semi-Centennial Address 
 —First Methodist Episcopal Church— Rev. Caleb Boyer— The First Class — 
 Church Organized — ^First Baptist Church — ^Its Organization and Later History 
 —St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church— The Free Will Baptist Church— Ceme- 
 teries — Societies — ^WeUsborough's Military Band 295-316 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Wellsbobo (Continued). 
 
 The Tioga Pioneer — Its Editors and Publishers — Removal to Tioga — ^Early Adver- 
 tisements — The Phoenix Appears — The Tioga Herald — George Hildreth, the 
 Old-Time Printer — The Wellsboro Advertiser — The Wellsboro Agitator — -The 
 Daily Record — The Tioga Eagle and Its Successors — The Wellsboro Gazette— The 
 Tioga Banner — The Hermaic Journal — The Tioga County Leader — The Republi- 
 can Advocate — A Noted Correspondent 317-337 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 Wellsbobo (Continued) . 
 
 Incorporated as a Borough — First Election — Early Ordinances — Burgesses, Clerks, 
 Treasurers and Justices — Borough Boundaries — Fire Department — ^Water Works 
 System — The Wellsborough Electric Company, 327-334 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 Wellsbobo (Continued). 
 
 The First National Bank— The Old and New Bank Buildings— The Wellsborough 
 National Bank — The Great Bank Robbery— The Property Taken — Two ol the 
 
 Robbers Captured — Tried, Convicted and Sent to Prison — Cosgrove Reforms 
 
 His Visit to Judge Williams— Manufacturing and Other Enterprises— The Wells- 
 boro of To-Day 335.34^ 
 
CONTEXTS. jx 
 
 CHAPTER XXUl. 
 
 Delmab Towkship. 
 
 Creation — Original Dividing Line — Origin of Name — Bednctions of Area — ^Present 
 Boundaries — Character of Svurface — Streams — The "Big Marsh" — Altitude — ^Popu- 
 lation — Pioneer Settlers — Manufacturing Enterprises — Schools — Churches and 
 Cemeteries — Villages and,Posto£Bces 350-360 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 Chakleston Township. 
 
 Organization — Reductions of Area — Boundaries — Drainage — Physical Characteristics 
 — Population — The Pioneers — Mills and Other Enterprises — Schools — Justices of 
 the Peace — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies— Villages and PostofBces, 360-36* 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 MlDDLEBURY TOWXSIIIP. 
 
 Organization — Reduction of Area — I'hyslcal Features — Streams — Population — Early 
 Settlers — Early and Later Enterprises — Schools and Justices — Churches — Cem- 
 eteries — Societies — Villages 369-378 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 Farminoton Township. 
 
 Organization — Area and Boundaries — Physical Characteristics — Streams and Drain- 
 age — Population — Early Settlers — ifanufacturing Enterprises — Schools and Jus- 
 tices — Churches — Cemeteries — ^Postoffices and Postmasters 379-38S 
 
 CHAl'TER XXVII. 
 
 Elkland Borouoh. 
 
 The Old Township of Elkland — Its Organization and Boundaries — Reductions of 
 Area — Organized as a Borough — Enlargement of Borough Limits — Pioneer Set- 
 tlers — Village Growth — Later Enterprises — Schools — Hotels — Borough Organiza- 
 tion and Officials— Postmasters—Physicians and Lawyers— Newspapers— Churches 
 — Cemeteries — Societies 384-394 
 
 CHAPTKR XXVIII. 
 
 Osceola BoRorcH. 
 
 Borough Organization — Unusual Area — The Village of Osceola — Physical Features — 
 Streams — The Word "Cowanesque" — Its Derivation and Definition — "Pindar- 
 WUe" — Origin of Name — Population— Lands and Settlement — Early and Later 
 Industries — Inns and Hotels — Schools — Borough Organization and Officials — 
 Physicians— Churches — Cemeteries— Secret Societies, 395-404 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Nelson BoRoroH. 
 
 Organization — Area and Boundaries — Streams — Physical Features — Early Settlers — 
 Manufacturing and Business Enterprises — Borough Organization and Officials — 
 Physicians — Schools — Churches and Cemeteries — Societies, 404-411 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEK XXX. 
 
 Deebfield Township. 
 
 Organization — Changes of Area — Streams, Soil and Forest Growth — ^Population — 
 Early Settlers — The Strawbridge Lands — Business and Manufacturing Enter- 
 prises — Schools — Early Physicians and Justices — Churches and Cemeteries — 
 Villages 413-420 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXI. 
 
 Knoxville Bobgugh. 
 
 Organization — Origin of Name — Area and Elevation — ^Billings Park — Population — 
 Early Settlers — Manufacturing Enterprises — ^Mercantile Enterprises — Inns and 
 Hotels — Schools — Borough Organization ajid Officials — Postmasters — Physicians 
 and Lawyers — Newspapers — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies, 421-430 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 Westeield Township. 
 
 Organization — ^Physical Characteristics — ^Population — Early Settlers — Early Enter- 
 prises — Schools and Justices — Churches and Cemeteries — Villages, 430-437 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXIII. 
 
 Westfield Boeotigh. 
 
 Location and Surroundings — Population and Taxable Property — Early Settlers — 
 Borough Organization and Officials — Postmasters — ^Physicians and Lawyers — 
 Business and Manufacturing Enterprises — Incorporated Companies — ^Hotels — ■ 
 Newspapers — ^Eailroads — Churches and Cemeteries — Societies, 438-449 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXIV. 
 
 Beookfield Township. 
 
 Organization — ^Location and Area — -Physical Features^-Streams — ^Forest Growth — 
 Population — Justices of the Peace — Early Settlers — Mills and Factories — Schools 
 — Churches and Cemeteries — ^Villages, 449-456 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXV. 
 
 Chatham Township. 
 
 Organization— Eeduction of Area—Physical Characteristics— Streams— Timber Growth 
 — Early Settlers — Pioneer Industries — Schools and Justices — Churches and Ceme- 
 teries — Societies — Villages and Postoffices, 457-463 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXVI. 
 
 Clymek Township. 
 
 Organization — Origin of Name— William B. Clymer — His Generous Treatment of 
 Settlers — Physical Features of Township — Forest Growth — Streams — ^.f^rea — 
 Early Settlers — Early Industries — Schools and Justices — Churches and Ceme- 
 teries — Societies — ^Villages and Postoffices, 463-469 
 
COXTENTS. xi 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVri. 
 
 Shippek Township. 
 
 Organization — Present Boundaries and Area — Streams — Physical Features — Popula- 
 tion — Early Settlers — King and Manning's Explorations — Big Meadows — The 
 Furmans — Assessment of 1824 — Division of Township — Settlers on Marsh Creek — 
 Early Mills — Schools and Justices — Churches and Cemeteries — Villages 469-474 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 Gaines Township. 
 
 Organization — Reduction of Area — Derivation of Name — Physical Characteristics — 
 Streams — Timber and Game — Population — Early Settlers — Past and Present En- 
 terprises — The Gaines Coal and Coke Company — Early Schools — Physicians and 
 Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Societies— Villages and Postoffices, 475-488 
 
 CHAPTKU XXKIX. 
 
 Elk Tow.nsiiip. 
 
 Organization — Boundaries and .\rea — Mountains and Streams — Timber — Population 
 — Early Settlers — Industrial I'^ntcrpriKes — Schools and Churches — Justices of the 
 Peace — Villages Is.i-iSS 
 
 CHAPTER xr.. 
 
 MoiiRis Township. 
 
 Organization — Reductions of Area — Physical Characteristics — Timber and Coal — 
 Streams — Railroads — Population — Pioneer Settlement — Mills and Other Enter- 
 prises— SchooIs^Physicians and Justices- — Churches— Societies — \'illages and 
 Postoffices 486-493 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 DrxfAS Township. 
 
 Derivation of Name — Organization — Area — Boundaries^ — .Vltitude — Population — Jus- 
 tices — The Fall Brook Coal Company — The Villag-e of .\ntrim — Hotels — Postmas- 
 ters—Schools — Physicians — Societies^Churches — Villag-es, 4!i:;-497 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 TlOOA TOW.NSHIP. 
 
 Organization — Reductions of Area— Physical Features — Streams — Population — Pio- 
 neer Settlers — Early Enterprises — Schools and Justices — Churches and Ceme- 
 teries — Villages and Postoffices 498-504 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 TlOOA BOROUOH. 
 
 Description— Physical Characteristics- Early Settlers — Population — Village Indus- 
 tries and Enterprises— Early Physicians and Lawyers— Early and Later Hotels — 
 Borough Organization and Officials— \illage and Boroiiph Xewspmpers — Schools 
 — Churches— Secret Societies — Later Business and Manufacturing Enterprises— 
 'I'iojra Water Works — Hose Companies— Pire and Flood ,103-520 
 
Xii CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 Lawrence Township and Lawrencetille. 
 
 Township Organization — Selection of Name — Boundaries and Area — Physical Fea- 
 tures—Early Land Troubles— Conflicting Claims of Pennsylvania and Connecti- 
 cut—Final Settlement of the Dispute— The State Line Survey— Hon. Samuel 
 Baker, the First White Settler— Other Early Settlers— The Borough of Lawrence- 
 ville — Manufacturing and Business Enterprises — ^Physicians and Lawyers — News- 
 papers — Schools — Churches, Sabbath-Schools and Cemeteries — Justices and Bur- 
 gesses — Societies — Horacetown, 530-542 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 Jackson Township. 
 
 Organization— Origin of Name— Original Area— Present Boundaries— Physical Fea- 
 tures—Streams—Altitude—Population—Pioneer Settlemenl^Early Milling En- 
 terprises — Schools — ^Physicians, Lawyers and Justices — Churches and Cemeteries 
 —Societies— Villages and Postoflaces, 543-550 
 
 CHAPTER XLVI. 
 
 KuTLAND Township. 
 
 Organization— Boundaries — Physical Features — Streams— Iron Ore — Population- 
 Early Settlers— Mills and Other Enterprises— Schools— Physicians and Justices — 
 Churches and Cemeteries — Eoseville Borough 551-556' 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII. 
 
 SuxLivAN Township. 
 
 Organization — Original Area and Present Boundaries — Soil and Products — Streams — 
 Derivation of Name — Population — Early Settlers — Business Enterprises — Schools 
 — Physicians and Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Secret Societies — Borough of 
 Mainesburg — Villages and PostofEces 557-566 
 
 CHAPTER XL VIII. 
 
 Richmond Township. 
 
 Organization — Physical Characteristics — Streams — ^Mineral Deposits — Pioneer Set- 
 tlers — Pioneer Enterprises — Schools and Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — Vil- 
 lages 567-574 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX 
 
 Mansfield Bohough. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— Early Settlers and Enterprises— Borough Organization 
 and OfBcials — Fire Department — Postmasters, Physicians and Lawyers — Hotels 
 —Public Schools— Mansfield Classical Seminary— The Mansfield State Normal 
 School— The Soldiers' Orphan Home— Business Colleges— Later Industries and 
 Enterprises— Newspapers— Churches and Cemeteries— Societies, 575-592 
 
CONTENTS. xiii 
 
 CHAPTEE L. 
 
 Covington Township. 
 
 Organization — Original and Present Area — Drainage and Physical Features — Popula- 
 tion — Early Settlers — Early and Later Enterprises — Schools— Postmasters and 
 Justices — Churches, Cemeteries and Societies 593-596 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 
 Covington Borough. 
 
 Location and Surroundings — Population — Early Settlers — Manufacturing Enterprises 
 — Early Hotel Keepers and Merchants — Borough Organization and Officials — 
 Postmasters and Physicians — Newspapers — Schools — Churches and Secret So- 
 cieties, 507-604 
 
 CHAPTER Lll. 
 
 Bloss Township. 
 
 Organization — Physical Features — Stream.s — Forost firowth— Mineral Deposit,-;— Lim- 
 ited Agriculture — Justices of the Peace — Changes in .\rea and Population— The 
 niossburg Coal Company — Arnot — Churches — Societies— Landrus 604-610 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 BLOssnt'RO BonouGH. 
 
 The Williamson Road— Peter's Cnrnp — Borough Site and Surroundings- Pioneer 
 Settlers — Early Industries and Enterprisos— Discoverj- of Conl — Judge Knapp's 
 Enterprises — The Arbon Conl C'onipiuiy—A Real Kstate Boom — The Corning and 
 Blossburg Railroad— The Seymour House— Sir Charles Lyoll's Visit— Window 
 Glass Jfanufaetory- The Morris Run Roilroad— The Arnot Branch— Borough Or- 
 ganization ond Oifleiiils— Fire Department- The Fire of 187,3 — Physirians and 
 Lawyers— Sehools—Churches and Cemeteries — Societies — Later Business Co'r- 
 porations— The Cottage State Hospital r,n-02j 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 Hamilton ToyrNsitip. 
 
 Organization— Physical Characteristics— Mineral Wealth— Streams— Railroads— Pop- 
 ulation— Justices of the Peace — Morris Run Mines and Railroad— Coal Mining 
 Companies— The A'illage of Morris Run — Schools and Churches — Societies 625-630 
 
 CHAPTER LV. 
 
 Wakd Township. 
 
 Organization— Reduction of .\rea— Drainage — Population — .Justices of the Peace — 
 Early Settlers — Manufacturing Enterprises — Sehools — Churches, Cemeteries and 
 Soeieties, 630-632 
 
^{y CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER LVI. 
 
 Fall Bkook Borough. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— The Pall Brook Coal Company— Its Organization and 
 History — Borough Organization and Officials — Schools — Churches — Societies,.. 633-638 
 
 CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 LiBEKTT Township. 
 
 Organization — Physical Characteristics — Soil and Products — Coal and Iron — Timber 
 — Streams — Population — Pioneer Settlement — First White Men — The District 
 Line — ^Williamson Road — ^The Block House — Anthony, the First Landlord — 
 Other Early Settlers — Mills and Other Enterprises — Physicians and Justices — 
 Schools — Churches and Cemeteries — Societies — Liberty Borough — Villages and 
 Postoffices 639-649 
 
 CHAPTER LVIIL 
 
 Union Township. 
 
 Organization — Physical Features — Streams — Population — Pioneer Settlers — Early 
 and Later Enterprises — Schools — ^Physicians and Justices — Churches, Cemeteries 
 and Societies — Villages, 649-654 
 
 CHAPTER LIX. 
 
 BlOGKAPHICAL, SKETCHES. 
 
 Wellsboro— Delmar and Charleston Townships, 655-780 
 
 CHAPTER LX. 
 
 BlOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Middlebury and Farmington Townships— Nelson, Elkland and Osceola Boroughs, .. 780-867 
 
 CHAPTER LXI. 
 
 BlOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Deerfield Township and Knoxville Borough-Westfield Township and Boroueh— 
 
 Brookfield Township 
 
 ^ 867-947 
 
 CHAPTER LXII. 
 
 BlOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Chatham, Clymer, Gaines, Elk and Shippen Townships, 947-986 
 
 CHAPTER LXIIL 
 
 Biographical Sketches. 
 
 Tioga Township and Borough— Lawrence Township and Lawrenceville Borough- 
 Jackson Township, 987-1049 
 
CONTENTS. XV 
 
 CHAPTER LXIV. 
 
 B100RA.PHICAI. Sketches. 
 
 Richmond Township and Mansfield Borough — Sullivan Township and Mainesburg' — 
 Rutland Township, 1050-1107 
 
 CHAPTER LXV. 
 
 BiooBAPHiCAi, Sketches. 
 
 Covingrton Township and Borough— The Blossburg Coal Region— Liberty and Union 
 
 Townships — Morris Township 1107-1160 
 
 ^^^^^ 1161-1186 
 
 Map of Tioga County 16 
 
'^"1^ 
 
HISTOEY OF 
 
 TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 TOPOGEAPHICAL AXD GEOLOGICAL FEATUEES. 
 
 Surface Teansfoemation— Mountain Ranges— Anticlin a ls and Synclinals— 
 The Blossbueq Mountain Basin— Dip of the Rocks— Wellsboeo Anticlinal 
 — Ceooked Creek Basin— Valley of the Cow anesque— Streams of the 
 County^The Tioga River— Crooked Creek— Lycoming Creek— Pine Creek 
 —Marsh Ceeek— The Cowanesque River— Minor Streams— concluding 
 Observations. 
 
 BEFORE proceeding to write a general history of Tioga county, from its earliest 
 settlement to the present, it is dut'iiifJ best to first deal with its topographical and 
 geological features, and to give, from the scientific sources availaMu, some idea of 
 how, through the ages that liave elapsed since the beginning of time, the surface of 
 the county came to take on its i)rosent varied and picturesque appearance. In doing 
 this, a free use has been made of the exfclloiit report of Andrew Sherwood, of Mans- 
 field, Tioga county, which ajipcars in \'olume G, of the Soeond Geological Survey of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 It may bo well to preface the liberal extracts from this report with a general 
 statement to the ctToit, that there was a time, in the remote past, when, if the story of 
 the rocks hns been rightly read and interpreted, the surface of Tioga county jtrescnted 
 a radically different appearaiue from what it does at present. To those miglity con- 
 vulsions of nature, known as earthquakes; to floods and frosts and the erosion of ages, 
 must be attributed the wonderful work of transformation, ilountains that were once 
 thousands of feet high, inclosing basins in which were deposited successive seams of 
 coal, have disappeared, and, in the form of sand and mud, have been borne on the 
 currents of the Tioga river. Pine creek and other streams to the Susquehanna and the 
 sea. The story is full of interest, and the student who seeks to read it, will find him- 
 self constantly confronted with eloquent evidence of the fact that, 
 
 God moves in a mysterious way. 
 His wonders to perform, 
 and that while much is hidden, or lies beyond the grasp of the finite mind of man, 
 enough has been revi'aicd to show that "order is HeavcnV first law," and that what- 
 ever changes have been wrouglit in the surface appearance of Tioga county, are the 
 result of an orderly operation of laws fixed and eternal as the universe itself. 
 
18 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 In his report, after a brief descriptive introduction, Mr. Sherwood says: 
 
 "The Allegheny mountain plateau of Lycoming and Potter counties begins in 
 Tioga county to break up into parallel flat-topped mountains, supporting, in shallow 
 basins, several isolated coal fields and numerous > smaller coal patches. These 
 synclinal mountains are separated from each other by broad anticlinal valleys of 
 Devonian rocks. Culture is confined to these valleys, and the villages and towns are 
 situated in them; while the steep mountain slopes and broad tops are covered with 
 forest, and often with continuous sheets of angular blocks of the conglomerate, the 
 edge of which forms continuous lines of vertical cliiis from 50 to 100 feet high, 
 gashed with dark chasms. Three such mountain ranges penetrate into, and two of 
 them pass through, the county about north sixty degrees east, and a fourth just 
 touches its southeast corner. 
 
 "The southwest corner of the county is part of the general Potter-Lycoming Alle- 
 gheny mountain plateau, cut through to its base by the deep, dark gorge, or canon, 
 of Pine creek, and over this spread the townships of Elk, Morris and Gaines. The 
 first and principal mountain range is merely a projection of this plateau, north sixty 
 degrees east, through Morris, Liberty, Bloss and Ward, ending roundly in Armenia 
 township, Bradford county. The range is drained southwestwardly along its center 
 line — representing the axis of the synclinal, or deepest part of the trough — by the 
 Second Fork (Babb's creek) of Pine creek; and the extraordinary spectacle is here 
 exhibited of several large streams from the Wellsboro valley flowing towards the 
 north fall of the mountain, entering it and uniting with the main stream along its 
 middle line." **** ********** 
 
 "This topographical phenomenon is repeated in the next mountain range to the 
 north, and is an example on a small scale of a law much more grandly illustrated by 
 the rivers of the State of Ohio, which flow into the Ohio river above and below 
 Wheeling, West Virginia. 
 
 "The eastern end of this first mountain range". * * * «^g ^ ^^^^ p^^^j 
 basin drained by the Tioga river, which breaks out from a gap in the north wall near 
 Blossburg, and flows due north into the State of New York. The run of the Bloss- 
 burg coal basin — in Bloss, Ward, Armenia and Union townships — is the edge of the 
 cup of the conglomerate, forming an unbroken ellipse of cliffs, from which the spec- 
 tator looks down a thousand feet upon the broad valleys of Mansfield and Wellsboro 
 to the northwest; over the open rolling county of Bradford county to the north and 
 east; and into the narrower valley of the Lycoming, separating the Blossburg from 
 the Towanda mountain. 
 
 "The second mountain range" * * * "is a projection from the Potter 
 coimty plateau, north seventy degrees east, through Shippen, Middlebury and Tioga 
 townships, in which last it ends as boldly as the Blossburg range ends in Armenia 
 township. Through its western mass Pine creek and its waters cut canons nearly 
 1,000 feet deep. In the middle of its course the mountain receives from the Wells- 
 boro valley on the south, and Chatham-Farmington valley on the north, several large 
 streams which approach, enter and unite within and flow along the center line of the 
 mountain in a long canon, splitting the mountain lengthwise into two. Further east 
 the Tioga river cuts square through the mountain, isolating its eastern end. Steep 
 slopes of sand rock form the rim of the flat top of the mountain, and the summit line 
 
TOPOGBAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATUBE8. 19 
 
 of the canon on both sides. Small patches of the lowest coal bed have been left 
 along the summit, but all other traces of the coal formation have been swept away, 
 except in Gaines township. 
 
 "The third mountain range passes through the northwest comer of the county — 
 Brookfield and Deerfield townships — and from it descend the branches of Cowau- 
 esque river, which flows in a pretty straight line about north seventy-five degrees east 
 for fifteen miles, at its foot. No coal measures are left upon this mountain range, 
 and the conglomerate becoming comparatively fine-grained and thin-bedded, does 
 not furnish its top with the same remarkable cliffs. To this enfeebled condition of 
 the conglomerate is no doubt due the erosion of the overlying coal measures." * * 
 
 "Descending from any part of the rim of cliffs at the top of either of the three 
 ranges of mountains in Tioga county, the geologist climbs down a steep slope over 
 the nearly horizontal edges of always one and the same system of rock formations. 
 The surface geology of Tioga county is, therefore, monotonously simple to an extra- 
 ordinary degree." *♦******•*»* 
 
 "In the Blossburg basin there remain several hundred feet of the lower coal 
 measures holding several valuable beds. And this exception to the universal destruo- 
 tion is due to the fact that, around Blossburg, the trough which extends for a hun- 
 dred miles through Bradford, Tioga and Lycoming counties, and is traceable still 
 further to the northeast and to the southwest, is exceptionally deep in thi.-; part of its 
 course, the coal in the bottom of it having been somewhat protected Ijy steeper dips 
 than usual on the sides, and by a somewhat greater breadth of bottom. Whurevui- 
 this and the other parallel troughs are flat and shallow the toiil beds, wanting this 
 protection, have been gradually washed away. But if in past ages the mountain.s 
 have been several thousand feet higher than they are now, so also have been the 
 valleys. In fact the valleys have suffered more from erosion than the mountains." 
 * * * "Originally they were higher than the mountains In spite of the sin- 
 gularity of this assertion it is strictly true, and any inliabitant of Tioga county can 
 vorify the fact by his own observation." 
 
 ANTICLINALS AND SYNCLINALS. 
 
 "It is only necessary to notice that, throughout Tioga county, all the rocks of 
 every kind, and in every place, dip away from the middle lines of the valleys towards, 
 into and under the mountains. The strata lie flat along the center lines of the 
 valleys, and also lie flat in the middle of each mountain range. But on the north 
 facu of a mountain they dip south, and on the south face they dip north, in all cases. 
 There is even a very slight, almost imperceptible, dip at the end of each mountain 
 into the mountain. The rule is absolutely universal." *♦•••* 
 
 "In the valley of the Cowanesque, the rocks seen along the river dip south 
 towards Tioga and go under the mountain at Crooked creek; and they dip nortli 
 towards Lawrenceville and go under the mountain at Osceola and Elkland. So 
 again around Canton, the rocks may be seen dipping gently northwest into and under 
 tlie Blossburg mountain, and also southeast into and under the Towanda mountain. 
 
 "The rule is, then, that the valleys are arches or nnticlinals, and the mountains 
 are all troughs, basins or synclinals." 
 
20 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 THE BLOSSBUEG MOUNTAIN BASIN. 
 
 "The Blossburg mountain basin lies between the Towanda anticlinal valley on 
 the south, and the Mansfield and Wellsboro anticlinal valley on the north. The 
 mountain mass is called by people in Bradford county the Armenia mountains. In 
 Liberty township, Tioga county, it has received the more unpretentious name of 
 Brier Hill. 
 
 "The north flank of this range enters Tioga county at its southwest corner; 
 crosses Cedar creek one or two miles below the old lumber camps of S. X. Billings, 
 in Elk township; Pine creek, towards the northwest corner of Morris township; 
 Stony Fork, about two miles south of Stony Fork postoffice; Wilson creek, about half 
 a mile below its forks, in Delmar township; the Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim 
 railroad, near the north line of Duncan township, and enters Covington township 
 about a mile south of Cherry Flats. It crosses the Tioga river about two miles above 
 Covington borough, entei-ing Sullivan township at its southwest corner. It enters 
 Bradford county at the southwest corner of Columbia township, keeping very nearly 
 on the line between Armenia and Columbia. It then turns south, and keeps along 
 the line between Armenia and Troy, and so follows round the Armenia township 
 line back into Tioga county, as the south flank of the mountain, through Union, 
 Liberty and Morris, west of the village of Nauvoo and north of Zimmerman's creek. 
 This line passes about a mile north of Ogden's Corners, in Union township. 
 
 "The mountainous region thus enclosed embraces the south side of Elk, nearly 
 all of Morris and Duncan, the north side of Liberty and Union,'and the south side of 
 Covington and Sullivan, all of Bloss, Hamilton and Ward townships, Tioga county; 
 and in Bradford county all of Armenia, making a precipitous wall at the eastern line 
 of this township. 
 
 "The center line, or synclinal axis, comes up from the southwest out of Potter 
 and Clinton counties, south of Kettle creek, and enters Tioga county near the south- 
 east corner of Elk, from whence it passes through the heart of Morris, crossing Pine 
 creek near the mouth of Babb's creek, and rimning across the southeast comer of 
 Duncan and through the central part of Bloss and Hamilton to the Tioga river at 
 Blossburg, from whence it passes through the center of Ward to the county line." 
 **************** 
 
 "The great curve, to the south of its true course, thus described by the Bloss- 
 burg synclinal axis, as it approaches the Susquehanna, is very remarkable, but cor- 
 responds with a similar curve made by the Towanda synclinal axis as it approaches 
 the river. Both of these lines resume their normal east northeast direction after 
 crossing the river. There must be some deep-seated and far-acting, cause for this 
 deflection. It is made more striking by the comparative straightness of the inter- 
 mediate Towanda creek anticlinal axis. Yet this latter also shows that it sympa- 
 thizes with the movement by a slight but decided similar curve south of Towanda. 
 In Tioga county the axis of the Blossburg synclinal runs through the mountain much 
 nearer to its north than to its south side." ******** 
 
TOPOGEAPHtCAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATTTBE3. 21 
 
 DIP OF THE BOCKS. 
 
 "Catskill red rocks occupy the lower half of the mountain side in Tioga county, 
 and Vespertine gray rocks, with occasional red beds, reach nearly to the top of the 
 mountain. 
 
 "The dip is always southward in towards the heart of the mountain, or center 
 of the basin, and is strongest in inclination just at the foot of the mountain. The 
 south dip in the north wall of the basin being steeper than the north dip in the 
 south wall. But the south dip along the north side of the Blossburg basin is much 
 less steep than the corresponding south dip along the north side of the Towanda 
 basin. The north dip was observed at many places in the vicinity of Ogden's Comers 
 and Union Center; northwest of Canton; near Alba; near East Troy; and in the 
 banks of the Susquehanna, opposite and a little above Towanda. 
 
 "The south dip was seen on Cedar creek, below Billinjis' lumber camp; on Pine 
 creek, in Morris township; at the forks of Stony Fork; on AVilson creek, at the flag- 
 ston quarries; along the Tioga railroad, midway between Blossburg and Covington, 
 and at many other points in Tioga county." ••♦**♦*♦ 
 
 ''Red Catskill outcrops are frequent, especially alunfr Odar creek. Pine eieek 
 and Babb's creek, with their tributaries, where Formation IX. is often .seen at the 
 surface. But perhaps the best exposures of these beds is along the Ti(ij,'a railroad, 
 between Blossburg and Covington, in Tioga county. Other locations are along Sugar 
 creek and a few points below Troy." ••♦•♦***•♦ 
 
 "The Vespertine may be seen along l')iil>b's creek; in the narniws below Bloss- 
 b\irg, where the lower beds are exposed, at their junction with IX.; in the side of Big 
 mountain, between Blossburg and Covington ; in the narrows two or three mUes above 
 Blossburg, in Tioga county; and at "Prospect Rock," on ilnunt Pisgah, in I'.radford 
 county. 
 
 "The Umbral red shale, from its soft nature, is not often seen at the surface, 
 except in small ledges on the mountain tops. The Serai Conglomerate is exposed 
 along the mountain tops west of Cedar creek, in Klk township; along the railroad a 
 little north of Antrim; and at many points in the vicinity of Blossburg." * • ♦ 
 "The Catskill rocks are thinner in the Blossluirg basin than in the 'I^jwiimla basin by 
 200 or 300 feet." * • * "Qn the southern side the Catskill red rocks 
 spread out over the hills for one or two miles from the south foot of the mountain." 
 * * * "The Catskill red rocks sweep round the east end of the Armenia 
 mountain," ♦ ♦ ♦ "supporting three elevated patches of the Vespertine, 
 one of which is Jlount Pisgah." Here "it seems the true non-fossiliferous red Cats- 
 kill beds of the Blossburg mountain region cease." * « * "Catskill rocks 
 may be seen on Cedar creek. Pine creek and other streams. At the forks of Stony 
 Fork red shale is exposed, dipping rapidly to the south. Under the red shale lie fifty 
 feet or more of gray shale and sandstone." 
 
 WELLSBOBO ANTICLINAL. 
 
 Continuing his interesting description, Mr. Sherwood says: 
 "The Mansfield and Wellsboro anticlinal axis and valley lies betwein the Bloss- 
 burg mountain lia.-;iii mi the south, and the Crooked creek (Mill creek) mountain 
 
22 ' HISTORY OE TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 basin on the north. The axial line of the anticlinal crosses the west line of Tioga 
 county about two miles and a half north from the southwest county corner — ^runs 
 through Elk township, crossing Cedar creek at its fork;" * * * "crosses 
 Pine creek somewhere above Eound Island; passes two miles south of Wellsboro; 
 leaves Charleston township near East Charleston; crosses Tioga river a mile and a 
 half above Mansfield, near Canoe Camp," and finally enters Bradford county. 
 
 "When traced in an opposite direction, or towards the southwest, this anticlinal 
 sends off a branch across Pine creek, through the northern portion of Elk township, 
 into Potter county." * * * "The same conditions as belonging to the 
 Blossburg basin are repeated here." * * * "The two diverging anticlinals 
 are much diminished in force as they radiate from the point of separation. 
 
 "The anticlinal valley divides (with the axis) west of Pine creek, one arm extend- 
 ing to the southwest, between the Blossburg and the Kettle creek mountain basins; 
 the other extending to the west, along the south line of Gaines township, between 
 the Kettle creek and the Mill creek mountain basins." ****** 
 
 "Through that portion of Tioga county lying east of Pine creek, the anticlinal 
 valley spreads southward to the Blossburg mountain basin, or to the outcrop of the 
 Vespertine rocks, which may be traced from the northwest corner of Morris township, 
 through the southwest corner of Sullivan township to the Bradford county line, at 
 the southwest corner of Columbia township. 
 
 "It spreads northward to the Mill creek mountain basin, or to the outcrop of the 
 Vespertine rocks." * * * "jt will be observed that the belt of country 
 through which it passes is much more densely populated than the mountain basins 
 on either side, which shows that the arable lands are mostly confined to the anti- 
 clinal. 
 
 "The Mansfield and "Wellsboro valley may be said to terminate at the Bradford 
 county line, not by closing up, but by opening out into the rolling county lying to 
 the northeast, over which anticlinal and synclinal areas have alike been so leveled 
 down that the existing elevations vary but little in height — say 200 or 300 feet above 
 the Tioga river bed. 
 
 "The surface of the "Wellsboro valley proper is rolling, consisting of a succession 
 of hills and valleys, varying but little in general appearance. The soil is moderately 
 good; as good, perhaps, as can be found in the northern tier of counties; and the 
 region may be considered rich in agricultural resources. It is drained by the waters 
 of Pine creek and the Tioga river." 
 
 CEOOKED OEEEK BASIN. 
 
 "The Crooked, or Mill creek, mountain basin lies between the Mansfield and 
 
 "Wellsboro anticlinal valley on the south, and the Sabinsville — or Cowanesque river 
 
 anticlinal valley on the north. Its south wall enters Tioga from Potter county, on 
 the south side of Pine creek, which it crosses about three-fourths of a mile below' the 
 mouth of Marsh creek; runs thence to the northeast corner of Delmar- thence 
 through the northern part of Charleston and Eichmond; crossing the Tioga' river at 
 Lamb's creek; and Mill creek at the mouth of Elk run; then sweeping around to meet 
 
TOPOGRAPHICAL AXI) GEOLOGICAL FEATTJEES. 23 
 
 the north flank at a point on the Rutland-Jackson line, a mile short of the county 
 line. 
 
 "Its northern wall enters Tioga from Potter county in the southwest part of 
 Clymer township; crosses Long run at its forks; passes along the southern edge of 
 Chatham to the northeast corner of Middlebury township; crosses Crooked creek at 
 Keeneyville, and again near Hammond; the Tioga river about a mile south of Tioga 
 borough; keeping through the center of Tioga and the south edge of Jackson town- 
 ship to meet the south wall of the mountain, as before described. 
 
 "It is a much broken mountainous belt of country, covering the northern half 
 of Gaines, the northern two-thirds of Shippen, the south edge of Clj-mer and Chat- 
 ham, the north part of Delmar, the northern edge of Charleston and Richmond, the 
 northwest part of Rutland, the southern half of Middlebury, the southeastern half of 
 Tioga and the southern edge of Jackson townships. 
 
 "Its central synclinal axis leaves Potter county and enters Tioga in the north 
 part of Gaines township. Crossing Long run between ]>lue run and Benn Gully run, 
 it makes a nearly east course through the north part of Sliippen, across the head of 
 Asaph and Canada runs, to j\Iiddlcbury Centre and Ilolidaytown. Ilonding a little 
 to the north it crosses the Tioga river at the mouth of Mill creek and enters Bradford 
 county in the southeast corner of Jackson townshi])." ♦****• 
 
 "The general level of the mountain top — or to]is, for tlioy nro numerous — is 
 pretty uniformly at the same height above tide. In the western part of Tioga county 
 its surface drainage is into Pine and ^larsh creeks, with their numerous arms — 
 Phoenix creek. Long run, with its branches — Illue run. Gal run, Benn (iully run, etc. 
 — Shim Hollow run, Aspah run, Canada run, etc., and also into the upper branches 
 of the ('(jwanescjue, Mill creek and the Jemison. 
 
 "Pine and Marsh creeks have exenvated their channels just within the edge of 
 the basin; and it will lie noticed tliat the point where the two streams unite and leave 
 the basin is opposite its deepest part. The principal drainage is, therefore, out from 
 the south side of tlio middle portion of an oblong oval basin. Of course it is here 
 that a considerable area of coal measures has been preserved. 
 
 "The mountain mass, which in Gaines township, is cut completely through 
 crosswise, and to its base, by Long run flowing south into Pine creek, is cut up into 
 three separate isolated knobs, further to the east, by Crooked creek and its branches. 
 These streams cut the mountain through to its base. 
 
 "Crooked creek has a curious course, entering the mountain Ijasin at Keeney- 
 ville, and leaving it again at Hammond, six or seven miles below, on the same side 
 of the basin; but its course is through a somewhat shallower ]iart of the basin. 
 Crooked creek is here joined by some of its principal tributaries, as Xorris brook, 
 Catlin Hollow run, Hill's creek, Steven House run, etc. Mill creek joins the Tioga 
 river exactly wjiere the center line of the synclinal axis crosses the river. Its prin- 
 cipal feeders having their sources in the mountain are Cabin run, Painter run and 
 Bailey creek. 
 
 "It will be observed that the Tiopa river cuts straight through the mountain, 
 entering it at Lamli's creek and leaving it near Tioga. And the line of the river 
 rejireBente the transverse axis of another oblong oval basin similar to, but smaller 
 than, the one mentioned before, in connection with Pine and Marsh creeks. This 
 
24 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 basin is only deep enough to retain the coal conglomerate on the mountain top ahoTO 
 Painter run, a short distance east of the river. The course of the Tioga river was 
 evidently determined by, first, the oval basin of Tioga; and its direction from one to 
 the other, north twenty-five degrees west, or at right angles to the course of the 
 svnclinal." ************** 
 
 VALLEY OF THE COWANESQtTE. 
 
 "The valley of the Cowanesque river lies between the Mill creek mountain basin 
 on the south, and the Cowanesque mountain basin on the north, and extends for 
 about twenty-five miles from the Potter county line to the Tioga river. Its breadth 
 varies from six miles at its western to ten miles at its eastern end. The anticlinal axis 
 wiiich runs through it lengthwise crosses the west county line of Clymer township 
 two or three miles south of the southwest corner; passes under Sabinsville, and a little 
 to the north of Little Marsh postoiSce, to the northwest corner of Tioga township; 
 the Tioga river at or near Somer's Lane; thence to the northeast corner of the 
 county. It continues its course in the same direction through Chemung county, 
 New York. The south edge of the actual valley is very nearly the line which separ- 
 ates the Catskill red from the Vespertine or Catskill gray rocks, and may be said to 
 run from the forks of Long run in Clymer, past Keeneyville and Tioga, to the south- 
 east corner of Jackson township. 
 
 "The northern edge of the valley is the south foot of the Cowanesque mountain, 
 rising directly from the north bank of the Cowanesque river as far as Elkland. The 
 valley includes more than the half of Clymer, a small part of Westfield, nearly all 
 of Chatham, the whole of Parmington and a part of Middlebury townships. The 
 surface is made up of low rounded hills; the soil is good, and adapted to grain and 
 stock raising. The drainage of the valley is complicated. The south branches of 
 Cowanesque river — Potter brook along the county line. Mill creek through Sabins- 
 ville, the Jemison, etc., drain its west end, northward; while the heads of Long run 
 and "Waddle's branch drain the south dipping country, southward into Pine creek. In 
 the middle region, while other small streams flow northward iuto the Cowanesque, 
 the head branches of Crooked creek drain from the axis at Little Marsh and Shorts- 
 ville, southward, into the mountain. The eastern end of the valley is drained by the 
 Elkhorn east southeastward into the Tioga at Tioga borough, by Mutton Lane and 
 Somer's Lane creeks also into the Tioga; while Cowanesque river crosses diagonally 
 the valley from Elkland to Lawrenceville to empty its abundant waters into the 
 Tioga." 
 
 STREAMS OE THE COUNTY. 
 
 The principal streams of Tioga county are the Tioga river, the Cowanesque river. 
 Crooked creek and Pine creek. These with their branches, aided by other smaller 
 streams, which flow into Bradford, Lycoming and Potter counties, have been leading 
 agencies in transforming the surface of the county, a work they are still, though less 
 effectively, engaged in. 
 
 The Tioga River, the most important of these, rises in a tamarack swamp on the 
 eastern crest of the Armenia mountains, and is first known as Tamarack creek until 
 
TOPOGEAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. 25 
 
 joined by Morgan creek and other small streams at the county line, after which it is 
 known as the Tioga river. Its general course for the fixst twelve or fifteen miles is 
 to the southwest, keeping along the synclinal axis at the bottom of the basin. At the 
 mouth of Carpenter's run, about two miles above Blossburg, it turns north, and after 
 running about five miles escapes from the mountains into the Mansfield and "WeUs- 
 boro anticlinal valley, about a mile and a half above Covington. The point where it 
 turns to the north is the deepest part of the oblong oval basin of the Blossburg coal 
 field. 
 
 Inside the basin the Tioga river is joined by the South creek. Fall brook. Carpen- 
 ter's run, Taylor's run, Harris run, Coal run, Johnson creek and East creek, all rapid 
 streams, descending with the dip from the oval rim of the mountain, cutting deep 
 furrow-like vales, and removing thousands of acres of coal lands which once existed, 
 and a pile of coal measures of perhaps 2,000 feet in thickness. 
 
 Tioga river leaves the county and enters New York State at an elevation of 
 nearly 1,000 feet, for the railroad grade at Lawrenceville on the State line is 1,006 
 feet; at Mitchell's creek mouth, 1,0:^2 feet; at Tio^:;! borough, 1,042 feet; at Mill 
 creek mouth, 1,077 feet; at Lamb's creek, 1,111 IVet; at Mansfield, 1,140 feet; at 
 Canoe Camp, 1,163 feet; at Covington, 1,208 feet; and at Blossburg, 1,348 feet. 
 Tioga river descends, therefore, about 350 feet from lilossburg to La\vreaceville, a 
 distance of twenty-two miles, in a nearly straight line — or twenty-five miles by its 
 bends — at the rate of about twenty-two feet per mile for the first nine miles, and 
 eleven feet per mile for the last fourteen miles. It falls o(if) feet in six miles above 
 Blossburg, from the Fall Brook coal mines, which are 1,842 feet above tide; and the 
 mountain summit, back of the mines, rises several hundred feet hiijlier. 
 
 Crooked Creek, the principal tributary of the Tioga ri\er, has its head watrrs in 
 Chatham township, and pursues a southeast course until it reaches Jliddlebury Cen- 
 tre, when it turns northeast and flows through Middleburj' and Tioga townships, 
 uniting with the river at Tioga borough. The Crooked creek canon, which splits 
 the second mountain range, and issues at Tioga borough, is traversed as far as Mid- 
 dlebury Centre by the Fall Brook railroad, running from Lawreneeville to the An- 
 trim mines, of the first or Blossburg range by way of Wellsboro. At Holidaytown 
 its grade is 1,151 feet above tide water; at Middlebury Centre, 1,179 feet; at Wells- 
 boro, the county seat, in the center of the valley, and on the crown of the anticlinal 
 and divide between the waters which flow four ways, 1,317 feet. At the railroad 
 summit, in a low gap in the first range, it is 1,862 feet, and at the Antrim coal mines. 
 1,672 feet. Antrim terminus and Arnot terminus are therefore nearly on a level 
 with each other and with the Morris run terminus, l.tJTS feet. 
 
 Li/coiiiing ( 'reck, another important stream, which skirts the southern comer of 
 the eounty. Hows at the same level as the Tioga river at Covington; the grade of the 
 Williamsport and Elmira railroad at Carpenter being 1,200 and the Tioga railroad 
 grade at Covington 1,208 feet. 
 
 Pine Creek — "River of the Pines" — is a stream of considerable volume, and 
 drains an exteii.sive water shed. It has its souree in Potter county. From the 
 mouth of Marsh creek, at Ansonia, all the way southward to Lycoming county, it 
 flows in a deep and narrow valley or s^orfie, with high hills and walk of rock on either 
 side. The portion called "The Narrows" only affords room enough for the tracks 
 
26 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 of the Fall Brook railroad for a distance of about sixteen miles by the side of the 
 stream, which at times becomes a wild, dashing mountain torrent. There are no 
 flats of much consequence at the widest points, but the hills usually rise from near 
 the water's edge. After entering Tioga county, within the edge of the Mill creek 
 mountain basin, until it is joined by Marsh creek, when it takes a sharp turn to the 
 south, it cuts across the Mansfield and Wellsboro anticlinal at the point where the 
 axis divides. Its course is one of zigzags, across anticlinals and synclinals, from its 
 course to its confluence with the West Branch of the Susquehanna, two miles west 
 of Jersey Shore. Whilst it is a rapid flowing stream throughout, its principal tribu- 
 tary, is the sluggish Marsh creek. 
 
 The lowest point in the county is in the Pine creek canon, where it passes south 
 into Lycoming county a short distance below Blackwells, at the mouth of Babb's 
 creek, which is 833 feet above tide. Marsh creek mouth is 1,106 feet; Mill creek 
 mouth at Gaines is 1,219 feet; and where Pine creek enters from Potter county its 
 bed is nearly 1,300 feet above tide; the summits of the coal-covered mountain tops to 
 the north being over 3,000 feet. Pine creek, from the great water shed it drains, 
 should be called a river. It has a fall of twenty feet per mile for fourteen miles, and 
 is, therefore, a swift current. 
 
 Marsh Creek, which unites with Pine creek at Ansonia, is a remarkable stream, 
 with a motion so slow as to be hardly perceptible. It flows through a broad valley 
 known as "The Marsh," the ground being swampy for many miles. Its direction is 
 exactly the reverse of that pursued by Upper Pine creek — as if the waters of Pine 
 creek once flowed up Marsh creek, straight on toward the Tioga river. In fact "The 
 Jl^arsh" extends the whole distance from. Pine creek to Nile's Valley, near the north- 
 east corner of Delmar township, where the water from Norris creek flows both ways, 
 part down Crooked creek and part down Marsh creek. It is a remarkable summit, 
 if summit it can be called, which divides the waters flowing down Marsh creek to 
 Pine creek, and those flowing down Crooked creek to the Tioga river. The idea is 
 therefore quite popular, says Mr. Sherwood, among the inhabitants that Pine creek, 
 instead of flowing south through the gorge first described, flowed formerly through 
 the valleys of Marsh creek and Crooked creek, into the Tioga river. And any one 
 who will view the ground will be forced to conclude that' such was probably the case, 
 but when or how this great change was brought about is one of the questions that 
 never can be explained or answered. If Pine creek once flowed northward from 
 Ansonia, what a mighty convulsion of nature must it have been that rent the mount- 
 ain asunder and diverted its waters southward through one of the most weird chasms 
 to be found in the chain of the AUeghenies? 
 
 Another theory is that a small stream once had its source south of the supposed 
 wall, and, on account of a "fault" in the rocks, as the geologists say, worked a small 
 passage down the mountain. When the breast of the dam was broken, bv the tre- 
 mendous pressure behind it, there was such a mighty rush of water down the rivulet 
 that in time the great chasm was cut and the course of Pine creek ehano'ed to the 
 south. 
 
 There are evidences on the mountain sides, in the form of marine shells, of the 
 existence of water at one time. Enoch Blackwell, a gentleman of keen observation 
 and who is familiar with this mountain region from boyhood, has no doubt in his 
 
TOPOGHAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATUKES. 
 
 mind of the existence of a great lake at one time, which had its outlet by the way of 
 the Tioga river; but when the barrier was broken the flow of its waters was to the 
 south and the Pine creek canon was cut. 
 
 In confirmation of this theory Mr. Sherwood says in his geological report that it 
 "is a curious topographical fact that a dam, fifty rods in length, from mountain to 
 mountain, across Pine creek at the mouth of Marsh creek — such as it might be possi- 
 ble to build, and such as may possibly have been erected for a time by other than 
 human agency, during the glacial epoch — would effect this division."' If such were 
 really the original conditions, and they certainly look reasonable, the change may be 
 attributed to that period of our mundane history. 
 
 The Cowanesque River has its source in Potter county and fiows eastwardly just 
 south of the State line to its confluence with the Tioga at Lawrenceville. The valley 
 through which it passes is one of surpassing beauty and by far the richest and most 
 productive district in the county. There are a number of villa^^'o-; in the valley and 
 there is considerable manufacturing. In its pristine cundition this valley must have 
 been an elysian home of the Senecas, where they came to hunt and fish. Reference 
 is made to the; valley in tbf earliest writings, and it is believed that Mary .TeiiiisDn, 
 the "While Woman," frequently came hither with her Indian family to enjuy the 
 hunt. There arc also evidences that .lesuit missionaries were here long before the 
 appearance of the English; ami it is believed by some that Moravian missidiiaries 
 passed through here on their western tours, but there is no authentic evidence to 
 sustain that opinion. 
 
 The river drains an extensive water shed and at liTiies carries a largo volume of 
 water. White settlers came early, James Strawbridge probably being the first. 
 Long after whites had setiled in the valley Indians were in the habit of coming to 
 hunt and fish, and they seemed loth to leave it. The peculiar name of the river and 
 its meaning has long been a subject for discussion among scholars and writers. 
 
 To Hon. Charles Tiibbs, of Osceola, belongs the credit of having made the most 
 thorough investigation of the meaning of the Indian name of the river. He con- 
 tinued his investigation for several years. From cunipetent authority he learned 
 that Red Jacket was once asked to define the word. He replied that it was a Seneca 
 word, and meant "at the long island." On the draught of survey of the State road 
 from Newberry to the 109th mile stone, constructed in 1709, the name is spelled 
 Ga-wa-ni-a-que. This draught is still preserved in the land office at Harrislmrg. 
 Compare with this several names defined by iforgan in his "League of the Iroquois," 
 thus: ( Ja-wa-ni-a-que, at the long island; Ga-wa-no-wa-uch, great island river: (ia- 
 weh-no-geh, on the island; Ga-weh-nase-geh, a long island. Ga-wa, or ( ra-weh, enters 
 into all these words as a component part and probably signifies island. So much for 
 analogy. 
 
 This not being entirely satisfactory, Mr. Tubbs learned in 1891 that the Smith- 
 sonian Institute was making a systematic study of the IroquoisJangiinire, and he sub- 
 mitted the word for definition. In course of time he received from J. W. T'owell, 
 director, the following: "The word ('owanes(|iie seeris to be no other than Ka-hwe- 
 nes-ka, the ctyinologA- and signification of which is as follows: Co. for Ka. marking 
 grainmntic gender and meaning i7; wan for hwe-n the stem of the word o-whe-n.i, an 
 
28 HISTOKT OP TIOGA COCTNTy. 
 
 island; es an adjective meaning long; que, for ke, the locative proposition, meaning 
 at or on; the whole signifying at or on the long island." 
 
 This analysis was made hy Professor Hewitt, Iroquoian expert. The reader 
 may ask: How does that name apply to this river? That is easily explained. All 
 Indian names were significant and chronicled some characteristic of the thing named. 
 In this case there was, originally, in Deerfield and Osceola, an island in the- 
 Cowanesque river containing 1,600 acres. It was over four miles long and of varying 
 width. The remarkable thing about the river to the Indian was this long island. 
 The early settlers dammed the part of the river which ran on the north side of the- 
 island, diverting the water into the channel on the south side. At this day what 
 remains of the channel on the north side of the island is known as the Island Stream. 
 It is fed by springs and creeks from the north hill and empties into the river at 
 Osceola. The island is given on all early surveys and it also appears on the Connec- 
 ticut map. 
 
 This definition and explanation of the name, Cowanesque, is probably the best 
 and most complete that can be rendered at this late day; and indeed it seems to be- 
 sufficiently lucid to satisfy the most critical. 
 
 So completely has the island been destroyed that the traveler passing over it 
 would be unaware of its existence, unless informed of the fact. To the Indians it 
 was undoubtedly an important landmark, and on it they pitched their wigwams, in- 
 dulged in their rude sports and dances, and enjoyed themselves in the highest degree. 
 
 Minor Streams, which are fully described in the chapters relating to the several 
 boroughs and townships of the county, form the tributaries of the Tioga and Cowan- 
 esque rivers and of Crooked, Pine and Lycoming creeks. The sources of these are 
 either in springs emerging from the sides of the mountains, or in small marshy up- 
 land areas. They flow rapidly, and in times of heavy rains, rise quickly. The public 
 roads leading from the valleys of the larger streams to the uplands usually follow 
 their course, their valleys being dotted with farm houses and the well-tilled fields of 
 thrifty husbandmen. 
 
 CONCLUDING OBSEEVATIONS. 
 
 Prom the foregoing it is easy to see that while the mountains of Tioga county 
 rise to a pretty uniform general level of 2,000 feet above tide water, and the broad 
 valleys between roll their surfaces about 1,200 feet or 1,300 feet, the main water 
 channels are cut sharply down to depths of 1,000 feet or even lower. The streams 
 are fed by abundant rains, for the county lies in the rain belt of forty inches. The 
 mean annual rainfall is forty inches. While the mean summer temperature is sixty- 
 three, the mean winter temperature is only twenty-three. The cold, therefore, is 
 pretty severe. 
 
 Consequently, the erosion of the surface, through the agencies of frost and rain, 
 has been actively carried on through all ages since the coal era. Dry northwest 
 winds favor radiation and evaporation, carrying down the temperature far below 
 zero. They favor equally the full effect of the sun's rays upon the rock surfaces. 
 The rocks, alternately expanded and contracted, are prepared for absorbing moisture; 
 the frost breaks them up, and innumerable rivulets, periodically swollen, carry off the 
 fragments and grind them into sand and mud. The forest, while it is a protection 
 
THE LAND OF TIOGA. 29 
 
 against this wear and tear in one sense, facilitates it also by prying the outcrop layers 
 apart with their roots, and every surface, hill slope and mountain steep alike, is slowly 
 but always creeping down towards the water ways. 
 
 It is this universal erosion, taking effect upon a large area of exceedingly regular 
 stratification, which explains the beautiful regularity of the parallel ranges of mount- 
 ains traversing the county, and the striking similarity of the broad valleys which run 
 up from the open country of Bradford, westward, into and between the mountains 
 of Tioga. It explains also why these valleys end or head up, each in the form of a 
 wide amphitheater, against the unbroken or undivided plateau of Potter and Lycom- 
 ing counties. It is evident, then, that the mountains of Tioga county have in past 
 ages been much higher than they are now. llr. Sherwood thinks there is no good 
 reason for doubting that the whole of the coal measiires once covered this county. 
 As the coal measures of Pennsylvania, both in the southwestern corner of the State, 
 where more than 3,000 feet of them remain to be measured, and in the anthracite 
 basins, which, in the deepest parts, hold 3,000 feet of them still undestroyed, may have 
 been originally 4,000 feet thick, it seems probable that the Tioga mountains were 
 once as high as Mount Washington. 
 
 CHAPTEE II. 
 
 THE LAND OF TIOGA. 
 
 First Occupants— Rugged and Romantic Scenery— Game. Fish and Wild 
 Animals- An Ideal Hunting Ground— Indian Paths— Indian Villages- 
 French Explorers and Missionaries— Boundary Line of the Purchase op 
 1768— The Old Treaties— The Walker Tragedy— Indian Characteristics 
 AND Peculiarities. 
 
 Tlil-; territory lying within the present boundaries of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 was originally occupied by the Seneca Indians, and was one of their favorite hunt- 
 ing and fishing districts. Its entire surface was heavily timbered. Pine and hemlock 
 grew in the valleys, on the mountain sides and summits, and largely predominated 
 the hard wood varieties, such as oak, birch, maple, etc., which occupied limited areas, 
 principally upland. The ravines, through which streams of crystal water dashed, 
 were filled with a dense growth of vines, briars and underbrush almost impenetrable, 
 save only to Indians and wild animals. The luxuriant and evergreen foliage of the 
 pine and hemlock cast a sombre gloom over the narrow valleys, and so closely were 
 their branches inlertwirifld and locked in many places, that the rays of the flaming 
 god of day could scarcely ]>enetrate them. Sueli were the wilderness condition of this 
 
30 HISTORY OF TIOGA C0T7NTT. 
 
 mountain region. How long it had so existed no white man knew and the aborigines 
 could not tell. 
 
 Game of all kinds abounded in this region. The stately elk infested a portion of 
 it, and deer were found in great numbers. Other game, too, was plentiful. The 
 nimble squirrel chattered among the branches of the oaks, the wolf, the fox and the 
 bear roamed among the hills and through the valleys, while the porcupine and the 
 raccoon were found everywhere. The streams were filled with trout and other fish. 
 What more could the tawny children of the forest desire? Nature had bountifully 
 provided for them. They built their rude wigwams on the banks of the rivers and 
 creeks, and at particularly eligible locations they had villages, while in the mountains 
 their hunting lodges were pitched. 
 
 In this wild region the aborigines roamed at will, communed with nature, chanted 
 songs of the spirit land and were happy. No white man had yet penetrated their 
 domain; they were uneontaminated by the vices which go hand in hand with civiliza- 
 tion; they knew no guile; those destroying evils — whiskey and smallpox — ^had not 
 yet been introduced among them. To them ignorance of the world was bliss, and 
 they knew nothing of the folly which accompanies wisdom. 
 
 INDIAN PATHS. 
 
 Several Indian paths crossed and recrossed what is now the territory of Tioga 
 county. And these trails became important landmarks for the early white settlers, 
 who followed them in their journeyings through the wilderness, and afterward en- 
 larged them for public highways when the county commenced filling up with settlers. 
 Several of these paths came from central New York and were traced along the valleys 
 and streams. From the important Seneca settlement, known to the whites as Big 
 Tree, on the Genesee, main paths led down the Conhocton and Canisteo, coming out 
 at Painted Post, another important point among the Indians. From Painted Post the 
 path ran up the Tioga river, passing near Lawrenceville, Tioga, Mansfield, Canoe 
 Camp, Covington and Blossburg. From this latter point it continued on via 
 Liberty and Laurel Hill, until it intersected the great Sheshequin path running up 
 Lycoming creek, and thence to Tioga Point, on the North Branch. The famous 
 Williamson road afterward followed this path from Trout Run and became a great 
 thoroughfare for early travel. Another ran by Arnot and down Babb's creek to Pine, 
 which it descended to the valley of the West Branch. 
 
 Starting from what is now the borough of Tioga, on the river of the same name, 
 a trail ascended the valley of Crooked creek, thence to Wellsboro, and on by the way 
 of Stony Fork to its intersection with the Babb's creek path, down which it passed 
 to the Indian village of Tiadaghton, on Pine creek. It was by this route that Van 
 Campen and his party were taken, to the Seneca settlements, after they were captured 
 on the Bald Eagle, in April, 1782. Although comparatively unknown to the early 
 settlers along the river, because it traversed such a wild and inhospitable region for 
 more than 100 miles, it was really one of the most important Indian trails, and over 
 it many war parties passed on their way to attack the lower settlements during the 
 troublous times of 1778-79. It was by this route, too, that the Senecas would have 
 descended when they threatened to be avenged on the settlers at the mouth of Pine 
 creek for the murder of two of their number by the Walker brothers and Sam Doyle, 
 
THE LAND OF TIOGA. 31 
 
 while they were on a hunting expedition in time of peace. Tradition says that a 
 strong party of warriors really did descend Pine creek some distance below Tia- 
 daghton, fully bent on mischief, but were recalled by runners after the State com- 
 missioners had appeased the ■wTath of the Indians at a conference held at Canan- 
 daigua, by promising to do all they could to arrest the Walkers and punish them. 
 
 Another important path left the Canisteo at xVdfli?r>n, Xew York, known as the 
 TuBcarora, and led over the hills to near where Elkland is now situated, on the 
 Cowanesque; thence it bore off in a southwesterly direction, crossing the upper waters 
 of Pine creek, and descended Kettle creek to Westport, on the West llranch of the 
 Susquehanna. Over this path war parties frequently traveled to attack the advanced 
 settlements on the river, and as it led through a dense, wild and gloomy region, it was 
 comparatively unknown to the whites at the beginning of Indian hostilities. It is 
 probable that the war party, which attacked, defeated and eaptureil Van i 'aiiipen on 
 the Bald Eagle, had entered the valley of the Susquehanna by this route. \'an 
 Campen tells its in his narrative that the party consisted of about eighty warriors, and 
 they were descending the river in light canoes. It was their custom to approach the 
 settlements in a body, when, on the appearance of white people, tliey separated into 
 small bands and spread over the country for the purpose of murder and rapine. This 
 war party discovered Van Campen's boats where they had been tied up, near the 
 Great Island, and taking his trail surprised and captured him the next morning. 
 
 As this invasion w as made about the close of the Kr\ ulutionary War, it is proha- 
 ble that it was a portion of this war party that was pursued by Peter and Michael 
 drove, and party, and siir])vised in th( ir camp on the Sinneniahoning and several 
 killed. They had been down in what is now Union county and killed a number of 
 settlers, and were fleeing in the direction of the Genesee country when overtaken. 
 
 It is probable that there was also an Indian trail up the Pine creek gor;,'e, above 
 Blackwells, inasmuch as there is abundant evidence of the existence at one time of an 
 Indian village at "Big Meadows," now Ansimia, at the mouth of Marsh creik. This 
 gloomy canon is now traversed by the Pine Creek railroad. 
 
 INDI.W VILLAGKS. 
 
 The early scouts, hunters and settlers found, in various parts of the county, 
 evidences of the existence at one time of Indian villages. Hue of these was at the 
 mouth of Balib's creek, where a cleared s])ot of some extent was found, showing previ- 
 ous cultivation. This was designated as a meadow, and there is a well-defined tradi- 
 tion that 11 chief, or man of some prominence in the tribe, named Tiadajrhton, dwelt 
 here. According to old records. Pine creek, at that time, was called Tiada;;hton, but 
 there is nothing in any of the glossaries of Indian words compiled by the Mnravians 
 to show that such a name was ever applied to any stream or mountain. Heckewelder, 
 who is aecrpted as standard autliority, nou here alludes to such a name in any of his 
 writin;^'s. 
 
 We arc forced to the conclusion, therefore, that an Indian bearing this eujiho- 
 nioiis litli' dwell at the mouth of I'.al.l.'s creek, and his name was associated with Pine 
 cnik hy the whites in order to desii^nate his place of nsidence. and in course of time 
 the St nam cnme to he known liy tliat title. Among the Indians this great stream 
 seems to have betn known a.< the "KiNrr of the Pines," because it flowed from a land 
 
* 
 
 32 HISTOET OJ? TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ■where this timber abounded in the greatest luxuriance. On the open space, or 
 meadow, at the mouth of Babb's creek, corn was very likely cultivated by the 
 Indians, as the soil was composed of a rich alluvial deposit and was well adapted to 
 the production of that cereal. The fishing being good at this point, offered another 
 inducement for Tiadaghton to establish his wigwam and build up a village around 
 him. Shad ascended Pine creek as far as the mouth of Marsh creek, there being 
 no obstructions in the river in those days to, keep them back. The mountain sur- 
 roundings in this deep and gloomy gorge were sufficiently wild to suit the tastes 
 of the most thorough Indian, and if old Tiadaghton had any romantic inclinations 
 in his untutored mind, he could here enjoy them in the gloomy grandeur of a 
 mountain solitude which is still without a rival in, northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 As further evidence of a village having once stood here, may be mentioned the 
 finding by the early white settlers of numerous Indian relics, such as flint arrow 
 points and bits of broken pottery. The point, too, was an important one for war 
 parties to tarry for rest when making a descent upon the river settlements; and white 
 prisoners were sometimes taken through this way. 
 
 It is mentioned by Van Campen, after his defeat and capture, in April, 1783, by 
 a body of Indians near where Mill Hall, Clinton county, now stands, that he and 
 other prisoners were taken to Pine creek,* which they ascended. At a certain point 
 they stopped, when the Indian hunters went out in pursuit of game, and quickly re- 
 turned, "bringing along a noble elk," which "was soon dressed and prepared for 
 roasting." "The prisoners," he continues, "were allowed the same liberty that was 
 taken by the warriors themselves; they cut from the animal as much fresh meat as 
 they wished, and roasted it on the coals, or held it on the end of a sharpened stick 
 to the fire." Here a prisoner, named Burwell, who was shot through the shoulder, 
 had his wound dressed in the following primitive but effective manner: "Having 
 collected a parcel of suitable herbs, they [the Indians] boiled them in water, thus 
 making a strong decoction, in which they dipped the feathers of a quill, and ran it 
 through his wound." The operation was a severe one, but the infiammation was 
 reduced and the wound soon healed. 
 
 Another wounded prisoner, named Henderson, did Hot fare so well. He had four 
 of his fingers shot off, as he was raising his gun to fire, by a bullet from an Indian 
 rifle. Van Campen says that on the second day of their march he passed him sitting 
 on a log with "a countenance sad and pale," and two Indians standing by his side. 
 He did not go far "before he heard a noise like the sound of a tomahawk entering 
 the head, and in a few moments the two Indians ran by bearing a scalp and carrying 
 a hatchet dripping with blood!" 
 
 On resuming their march, Van Campen informs us, "the remains of the elk were 
 divided among the warriors and prisoners, each carrying his portion as a supply 
 against further need." "Pushing up the valley," he continues, ."they soon came to 
 the head of Pme creek; thence striking across the country, they reached in half a 
 da/s travel, the head waters of the Genesee river." Down this stream they passed 
 until they arrived at the Seneca settlements. 
 
 Similar evidences of the existence at one time of an Indian village were found 
 
 * I,ife of Van Campen, revised edition by Minard, 1893, pp. 219-222. 
 
THE LAXD OF TIOGA. 33 
 
 by the early hunters and settlers at "liig ileadows,"' now Ansonia, at the mouth 
 of JIarsh creek. Even at this late day flints, arrow heads, etc., are brought to the 
 surface in the digging of graves in the cemetery at Ansonia, which, so tradition 
 has it, was an old Indian burying ground. When the whites came to this spot they 
 found a large cleared space bearing evidence of having once been under cultivation. 
 
 The finding of numerous Indian relics in and around Tioga borough evidence 
 the existence there at one tim.e of an Indian village of considerable importance. 
 George V. Smith, a son of Dr. Robert B. Smith, of that place, who is an enthusiastic 
 student of archaeolofry, has quite a large colk-ciioo of these relics of a departed 
 peo])le, to which he is constantly making additions. It embraces arrow-heads and 
 spear-heads of flint; large and small implements of blue stone for skinning and 
 dressing hides; implements for fishing; pipes, a huge stone mortar, in which the 
 Indian ground his com, together with the pestle for grinding, as well as hatchets, 
 tomahawks and knives. Not the least interesting of these rare and valuable relics 
 are the fragments of several Indian skeletons unearthed by Mr. i^inith on the site 
 of an ancient burying ground near Tioga borough. 
 
 This collection also contains a number of valuable utensils, and n large amount 
 of pottery. In June, 1889, Mr. Smith unearthed, almost within the limits of Tioga 
 borough, the fragments of three Indian jars, wliieh, with great dilliculty, have bi'en 
 •completely restored. These jars were made of clay, strengthened by very coarse sand 
 or fine gravel, after which the whole was Itiirneil or baked in a bulnish basket, the bul- 
 rushes being burned away, leaving their imprints on the exteriors of the jars. These 
 huge clay jars present an interesting study in the (levelo])ment of decorative art, for 
 all three are decorated with lines and dots, no attempt, however, being made at 
 ■effigy. The interiors are smooth. The largest of these jars is seventeen inches in 
 height, and, when whole, had a eajiaeity of nearly half a bushel. 
 
 Not far from where these interesting relics were unearthed, were found the 
 remains of several fire-])laees, from whith he tmik a number of animal bones, em- 
 traoing those of the deer. He also took from one of these fire-places nearly a pint 
 of charred corn and beans. 
 
 Tile relies in this collection evidence not only the existence at one time of 
 an Indian village at Tioga, but of an Indian burying ground in which a large number 
 
 of interments were made. 
 i 
 
 FRKNCII KXPLORERS AND MISSIONARIES. 
 
 The first while men who probably visited the Senecas were French. We have 
 no evidence that the early explorers penetrated to any extent what is now the territory 
 of Tioga county, but as tliey were an adventuresome peojde, it is not unreasonable 
 to assume that they visited uliai are now the northern borders of the county, and 
 piohably ascended tlie Tioga river for some distance. So intent were the French on 
 thoaci|nisitioii of territory that tliey penetrated unknown wilds in search of informa- 
 tion regarding the laml and the natives; and they never failed to establish friendly 
 relations witli them, because they cultivated feelings of amity and never violated 
 their pledjies. 
 
 The French Catholic Ini^si<lnaries. zealoiis in the work of cimverting the chil- 
 3 
 
34 HISTORY OF TIOGA COCJNTT. 
 
 dren of the forest to Christianity, also found their way into Tioga county years 
 before its settlement began. Interesting relics evidencing their presence in the 
 Cowanesque valley are now in the possession of Hon. Chas. Tubbs, of Osceola. The 
 story of their finding is as follows: In September, 1872, Ira M. Edgcomb built a 
 saw-mill on the north bank of the Cowanesque river, near the mouth of the North 
 Fork, two miles above Westfield. He employed workmen to excavate a pit in which 
 to lay the masonry foundation for the engine. When about four feet below the 
 surface they found two candle sticks, rudely wrought in red pipe stone, and a silver 
 plate. One of the candle sticks and the plate is in Mr. Tubbs' possession. The silver 
 plate is four and one-half inches in diameter. The rim is seven-eighths of an inch 
 wide. The upper surface is gold washed. The under surface is inscribed with the 
 Koman capital letters I. H. S., the initials of the Latin words, Jesu Hominum 
 Salvator (Jesus the Savior of men). Each letter is five-eighths of an inch high, and 
 a Eoman Catholic cross, six-eighths of an inch high, is engraved on the plate, having 
 its base on the center of the bar of the letter H. The candle stick is in two pieces. 
 The base is rectangular, and is two and one-half by two and three-fourths inches 
 square, and three-fourths of an inch high. This is surmounted by the upright part, 
 which rises one and one-half inches from the base, in a rectangular form, and at this 
 point changes to cylindrical shapes. The total height is five and one-fourth inches. 
 Pour dowels of native lead project upward from the base and fit into corresponding 
 holes in the upright. The bore in the top to receive the candle is one and three- 
 fourths inches deep by three-fourths of an inch in diameter. 
 
 As no excavation was made outside of the pit in which these were found, it is 
 probable that other similar relics are under the surface near the same spot. These 
 candle sticks and the silver plate doubtless formed a part of a Catholic service set, 
 and belonged to the furniture of an altar erected in the wilderness by some early 
 missionary priest on which to celebrate the sacrifice of the Mass. To what catas- 
 trophy their presence in the debris deposited by the Cowanesque river is to be 
 attributed, is beyond even conjecture. They may have washed down from a point 
 higher up the stream, or may have been hidden by some missionary, who paid with his 
 life for his zeal and devotion to his holy faith. 
 
 BOTJNDAKT LINE OF THE PUECHASE OP 1768. 
 
 The line of the purchase of 1768, which ascended Towanda creek, skirted along 
 Burnett's Eidge — now in Lycoming county — and then bore westward until it inter- 
 sected Pine creek, down which it passed to the West Branch of the Susquehanna 
 
 river, near Jersey Shore. It then followed the river westward to Canoe Place now 
 
 known as Cherry Tree — in Indiana county; thence it passed westward until it struck 
 the Allegheny river at Kittanning. At Canoe Place the counties of Clearfield, 
 Cambria and Indiana corner. The place was deemed of such historic importance 
 that the legislature of 1893 passed a bill appropriating $1,500 for the erectito of a 
 monument to mark the spot where the famous cherry tree stood. The monument, 
 bearing a suitable inscription, was completed and dedicated in November, 1894. It 
 is somewhat imposing, is thirty-five feet in height from the water level of the stream, 
 and bears the names in conspicuously-carved letters, "Clearfield," "Cambria " and 
 "Indiana." 
 
THE LAND OF TIOGA. 35 
 
 After crossing the second fork of Pine creek, from the east, the line proceeded 
 west until it intersected what was termed in the treaty, "Yamall's Creek,"* which it 
 followed down to Pine creek. There has always heen some doubt regarding what was 
 termed "Yamall's Creek." The conclusion is that it is what is now known as 
 Babb's creek, which empties into Pine creek at Blackwells. Down this stream was 
 an Indian path, and it would therefore be a natural route for a boundary line. 
 
 There is another curious, if not mysterious, feature connected with this bound- 
 ary line, which has never been satisfactorily explained. After the treaty of 1768, 
 the Indians set up a claim that Lycoming creek was what they meant by the name 
 Tiadaghton. The whites demurred, of course, but the Indians insisted. There is 
 nothing in existence to show that this title was ever applied to Lycoming creek. 
 Moravian travelers often ascended it on their way to Onondaga, but in all their wTit- 
 ings — and they kept copious journals — there is no reference to any name that can 
 be tortured into Tiadaghton. ICvidcntly the Indians set up the claim fnr the purpose 
 of retaining this section for hunting grf)unds, as it covered a fine territory for that 
 purpose. 
 
 THE OLD TREATIES. 
 
 By the treaty of 1768 the territory afterward covered by Tioga county re- 
 mained as Indian land. When Berks county was organized, March 11, IT.'i'i, its ter- 
 ritory only extended on the north to the purchase line of 1T1I», which included what 
 are now the counties of Dauphin, Schuylkill, Carbon, Monroe, and Pike. The 
 purehiiso line touched the river a few miles below Sunbury. By the purchase of 
 1758 the line crossed the river into what is now Snyder county and took in a 
 great extent of territory on the west and south side of the West Branch, passed the 
 famous Cherry Tree — or what was sometimes designated as ('anoe Place — and then 
 continued to Kittanning on the Allegheny. Canoe Place was so named because it 
 was stipulated in the treaty that the line should cross the West ikanch at the hi^'iiest 
 point to which a canoe could lie pushed. As the river flows from the west after 
 Muncy hills are passed, it can readily be seen why the land was designated as lying 
 to the south. The primary object of this treaty was to acquire lands to reward the 
 ullieers for their services in the Bouquet expedition. E.xtensive surveys and allot- 
 ments for this purpose were made in what is now Union county, and in Bald Ea;:le 
 valley, Clinton county. 
 
 By the treaty of 17ilS the territory lying east and north of the river, as far 
 westward as Lycoming creek, and northward to Burnett's Bidge and Towanda creek, 
 belonged to Berks county until ^Mareh '21, 1772, when Northumberland county was 
 erected. It then fell to the latter, and was under its jurisdiction until the organiza- 
 tion of Lycoming county, April 13, IT!)"), when it was embraced in that county. 
 
 From 1768 to 178 1, a pej-iod of sixteen vears. the disjmte as to the true boundary 
 line of 1768 was continued between the whites and the Indians. At the treaty and 
 purchase of 1784 — when the Indians sold all their land lyin^' west of Lycoming 
 cicik for $in,()(i() — they frankly admitted that Tiadaghton was what was known 
 
 • Oil the tlran(!lit of the State Road (built in tn^), preserved io the land office at Harriaburg, the cabin of 
 Janieii Vamall i» iiut.rd, alao that of Sainton Babb. Yamall afterwards aettlcd on the Cowanesque. nnd gave his 
 name to a piraalt "tream in that valley. Some of his descendants siill live there. 
 
36 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 by the whites as Pine creek. As the line ran, very little of the territory of Tioga 
 ever belonged to Berks county. The Indian line shows a curve, bearing northward, 
 in what is now Morris township, which probably took in a portion of its territory. 
 After 1784 all this disputed territory fell to Northumberland county. After April 
 13, 1795, Lycoming covered the following wide domain: Its southern line, com- 
 mencing near the mouth of White Deer creek, followed the Indian boundary line 
 of 1768, via Canoe Place (Cherry Tree) to Kittanning, on the Allegheny river; 
 thence up that stream to the mouth of Conewango creek, at Warren, which it 
 ascended to the New York State line; thence along that line until it intersected the 
 line of Luzerne county (erected September 25, 1786), which it followed in a south- 
 easterly direction, until it connected with the northern line of Northumberland 
 county, which it followed westwardly, crossing the Muney Hills and the river near 
 the present railroad bridge at Montgomery; thence down the river to the place of 
 beginning. The immense territory contained within these boundary lines comprised 
 over 12,000 square miles. Such was the extent of the parent county of Tioga. 
 
 THE WALKEE TEAGEDY. 
 
 This affair, which created a great deal of excitement at that time, and agitated 
 the Senecas to the verge of war, was caused by an Indian boasting, while under the 
 influence of liquor, at a public gathering at a tavern near the mouth of Pine creek, 
 that he had tomahawked and scalped John Walker during a raid near what is now 
 the village of Winfield, Union county, in August, 1780. Walker was an old man 
 and had several sons, the oldest of whom was named Benjamin. The elder Walker 
 had warranted a tract of land lying north of the river and on the east side of Pine 
 creek, but during the Indian troubles he and his family had fled to the house of a 
 friend at Winfield, where they were surprised by a war party and the old man and 
 several others cruelly murdered. Not content with boasting to Benjamin Walker 
 and two of his brothers that he had killed their father, he made grimaces and con- 
 torted his body to show how their father acted when he was in the act of scalping 
 him. This fiendish as well as imprudent act so enraged the Walker boys that they re- 
 solved on revenge. Accordingly they secured the assistance of a man named Sam 
 Doyle, who had seen much service during the Indian troubles, and going to the 
 camp of the Indian that night slew him. He was accompanied by a young Indian, 
 who protested his innocence, but the enragedparty refused to listen to his appeals 
 for mercy, and killed him also. They then threw the dead bodies into Pine creek, 
 at a point about a quarter of a mile west of the junction of the Fall Brook with the 
 Beech Creek railroad, where they remained until a rise of the water soon afterward 
 deposited them on a sand bar and they were discovered. 
 
 When the news of the killing of the Indians reached their friends in the 
 "Genesee Country," they became greatly enraged and threatened vengeance. This 
 so alarmed the white settlers on Pine creek and the river that they petitioned the 
 State authorities for protection. The latter sent commissioners to treat with the 
 Indians, and straightway offered a reward for the arrest of the guilty parties. 
 Doyle was apprehended, tried and acquitted, but the Walkers escaped from the 
 country and became fugitives. The sympathies of the whites were really with the 
 Walkers, but the threat of an Indian invasion so frightened them that they made 
 
THE LAXD OF TIOGA. 
 
 a pretext of arresting the culprits to allay the wrath of their red neighbors. The fact 
 that Doyle was found not guilty showed the prevailing sentiment of the people — 
 that the Indians richly merited the punishment they received for their atrocious 
 crimes, even if it was meted out to them in time of peace and was murder in the 
 eyes of the law. 
 
 Soon after his acquittal, Doyle became interested with Charles Williamson and 
 assisted him in building his famous road through Tioga eoxmty, and in lajing out 
 the city of Bath. It may seem strange that after his experiences with the Senecas 
 he shf)uld locate so near to them. He lived about three miles below Bath, and 
 died there in the early twenties. 
 
 Benjamin Walker and his two brothers were never arrested. Friends kept 
 them concealed until they had an opportunity to escape from the coimtry. Two 
 of them, Benjamin and Henry, made their way to Xorth Bend, on the Ohio river, 
 and when Indiana became a State they settled in Dearborn eoimty. In course of 
 time Benjamin was joined by his wife, Ann C'ra\vf(irJ, who was a daughter of 
 Major Crawford, of I'ine Creek township, Clinton coimty. He raised a family of 
 ten children and died in 1848, aged nearly ninety years. The other brother, Joseph, 
 disappeared from notice, but there is a tradition that he followed the Indians into 
 the Genesee country, and probably perished at their hands. 
 
 INDI.VN CHARACTERISTICS AND I'lX'ULIAUITIES. 
 
 It is remarkable what an accurate information the aborigines possessed of the 
 geography and topography of the country. With no knowledge of th'' cnMlpa^s and 
 destitute of means for accurate measurement, they seemed to possess an intuitive 
 knowledge of places, however remote they might be. and how to reach them Ijy the 
 most direct route. Their mode of life frequently led them hundreds of miles into 
 a strange country, either in pursuit of game or of an enemy. Yet they never seemed 
 to have any fear about finding their way back. This knowledge came from ex- 
 perience and keenness of observation, acquireil by leading a nomadic life in a 
 country which was in every respect a "howling wilderness." In a wnnl. they were 
 compelled to depend on the signs of nature — to observe closely and quickly, and 
 remember accurately every minute detail, either in the configuration of the country, 
 or the trees, rocks and streams. Their paths, therefore, were always laid out by the 
 most available routes and by excellent springs of water; but they were only of 
 sufficient width for one, for they always traveled in single file — one behiml the 
 other. They knew the best fording ]ilaees on rivers and ereeks, and thither their 
 main paths were directed. From their great thoroughfares numerous smaller trails 
 branched, which were used as "cut oSs" in shortening distances when they did not 
 want to visit important points, but were desirous of being as expeditious as pos- 
 sible in making long journeys. In exercising their natural engineering abilities, 
 they were guided by the stars and the moss on the bark of trees, as to the points of 
 the comjiass, whilst their intuitive knowledge of location enabled them to penetrate 
 tlie thickest and gloomiest of forests and reach their destination with safety. 
 Nature furnished them unerring signs as guides, which they never mistook in their 
 movements. Consequently it was rare for an Indian to lose his luarinLTs in the 
 
38 HISTOET OF TIOGA COXJITTY. 
 
 depth of the forest. So advantageously were their paths located that the whites, 
 when they came to build roads, generally followed them. 
 
 Peculiar as a race — lost to their ancient people — ^they seemed destined to fulfill 
 their mission and slowly fade away. Possessing many noble qualities, yet the great 
 wrongs they suffered goaded them to commit deeds of violence and blood. They 
 knew no guile until they came in contact with civilization; they possessed the 
 attributes of purity until contaminated by the vices of a race claiming to be their 
 superiors; they were temperate until taught by white men how to degrade them- 
 selves by the use of "fire water." Some writers have styled them the Eomans of the 
 Kew "World; but like the Eomans of the Old World, they drank of the bitter cup and 
 passed away. 
 
 CHAPTEK III. 
 
 BEGINNING OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Purchase of 1784— Fair Play System— Lycoming Township Formed— Its Bound- 
 aries AND Area— Old Tioga Township Erected— A Valuable Document 
 Discovered— Boundaries Defined— Other Becord Evidence— Tioga Town- 
 ship Taxables of 1800— Additional Extracts Prom Early Records— Panther 
 and Wolf Scalp Bounties. 
 
 WHEN the purchase of 1784 was made from the Indians, at the treaty of Fort 
 Stanwix, the newly-acquired territory was attached to Northumberland county. 
 It was a vast domain. The settlers — of whom there were many along the north side 
 of the West Branch of the Susquehanna — were squatters on the Indian lands before 
 the purchase. Settlements in this territory had been made as early as 1770, and 
 being outside the limits of the Province, its laws could afford the settlers no protec- 
 tion. Owing to this fact, when they became numerous, they were obliged to organize 
 some kind of a government for their own protection. What is known in history as the 
 "Fair Play System" was the result of their deliberations. Three commissioners or 
 judges were elected annually, who sat in judgment upon offenders against the peace 
 and dignity of the settlement, when they were brought before them, and from their 
 decisions there was no appeal. Tradition says that they dispensed justice with 
 wisdom, fairness and dignity. In a word, "Fair Play" was accorded to all. Those 
 who made themselves obnoxious to the settlers by the commission of crime or at- 
 tempted to interfere with the pre-emption rights of squatters, were banished from 
 the settlement. The sentence, in extreme cases, was carried out by placing the 
 offenders in a canoe at the mouth of Lycoming creek and sending them adrift down 
 the river into the Province. The leading "Fair Play" man was the celebrated 
 
BEGIXXIXG OF TIOGA COUNTY. 39 
 
 Brattan Caldwell. A grandson afterwards settled at Covington, Tioga county, and 
 his descendants still live in the county. Xearly all these early settlers were Scotch- 
 Irish. They were a sturdy race of men, noted for their daring during times of 
 danger and for their patriotism in the Eevolution. On this accoimt they were 
 nearly all granted pre-emption lands when the purchase was made from the Indians, 
 and received patents from the State. 
 
 LYCOMIXO TOWNSHIP FOHMED. 
 
 The settlements along the river had increased to such an extent that immedi- 
 ately after the purchase of 178-1 the inhabitants began to discuss the propriety of hav- 
 ing a new township formed. Accordingly, at the August session, lT.s.5, of the North- 
 umberland county court, a petition was presented setting forth the absolute nfcossity 
 for this territory to be organized "for the purposes of order and a civil state of 
 society," and praying the court "to erect that part between Lycoming and Pine 
 creeks, being near fifteen milts, into one township; and from Pine creek upwards 
 into another township," which was accordingly done, the former receiving the name 
 of Lycoming, and the latter that of Pine Creek. 
 
 Lycoming township, therefore, was bounded on the south by the Susquehanna 
 river; on the east by Lycoming creek; on the west by Pine creek, and i>ii the north 
 by the State of New York. The territdiv was very extensive, and included all of 
 what is now Tioga county, except that portion lyin^ west and south of Pine creek; 
 that part of Bradford county lying west of the old Luzerne county line, and the 
 portion of Potter edunly lying east of the I'.'oth mile-stone — five miles west of the 
 present boundary line — and north of Pine creek, besides the following territory in 
 Lycoming county: Old Lyeomiiif,', Lycoming, Mclntyre, Jackson, Cogan House, 
 Anthony, Woodward, Piatt, Miillin, and I'ine townshi]is, and parts of Lewis, Watson, 
 Cummings, Mellonry and Brown townships, embracing an area about one-third 
 larger than Rhode Island. 
 
 When Lycoming county was organized, April 13, 170."). this territory was in- 
 cluded within its boundaries, and the township of Lyeoming was not curtailed until 
 Sepleinher, 1797, when tlie township of Tio^^a was taken from it. In the meantime 
 settlements had been made in the northern part of the township, in the Cowanesque 
 valley and along the Tioj^a river, but they were far removed from the haunts of 
 civilization. 
 
 OLD TIOGA TOWNSHIP ERECTED. 
 
 As the number of settlers along the Tioga and Cowanesque rivers increased, 
 it Soon became apparent that the township of Lycoming must be divided, for the 
 convenience of the inhabitants, and more especially the township oflicers. Until 
 recently all efforts to trace the origin of the movement, which finally resulted in 
 thi' erection of Tioga township, proved fruitless, owing to the destruction in the 
 flood of IScSti of many of the records of Lycoming county. A few months ago, 
 hcweviT, the missing document was found, by the publi.shers of this history, among 
 a bundle of dust-covered papers in the prothonotary's office at Williainsport, where 
 it had lain unnoticed for nearly one hundred years. It is well jireserved. though 
 
40 HISTORY or TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 bearing evidences of age, and is of great historical value, as the following verbatim 
 copy of it will show: 
 
 To the Honorable, the Judges of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the 
 Peace for Lycoming- county: 
 
 The petition of the subscribers most humbly showeth: That the settlements upon 
 the Tioga and Cowanesque are separated by a very considerable wilderness from the set- 
 tlements upon the West Branch of the Susquehanna, and are so remote that it is not 
 certain to what township, if any, they at present belong. That it is necessary for the 
 administration of justice, so far as it is committed to the distribution of township oM- 
 cers, to have the country that they inhabit erected into a new township. 
 
 Therefore, the petitioners pray your honor to erect the country contained vsdthin the 
 following limits into a new township, viz : Beginning at the State line of Pennsylvania 
 and New York where the line of Luzerne strikes it on the west; thence along the State 
 line to the one hundred and twentieth mile-stone ; thence a south line until it strikes 
 Pine creek ; thence down the same to where Brier Hill crosses it ; thence along the sum- 
 mit of Brier Hill to the line of Luzerne county ; thence with the same to the beginning. 
 And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, etc. 
 Samuel Paterson, Gad Lamb, 
 
 Reuben Cook, Nathan Niles, 
 
 Barit My. Engasole, Peter Roberts, 
 
 John Ives, Bennajah Ives, 
 
 Uriah Spencer, Gideon Salisbury, Jr., 
 
 Titus Ives, John Holiday, 
 
 Richard Mitchell, John Roberts, 
 
 Benjamin Cole, Thomas Willson, 
 
 Timothy Ives, Benjamin Corey. 
 
 On the back of the foregoing petition appears two indorsements, one of which 
 is as follows: 
 
 Granted. Name of the township. Submission. 
 
 The court appoints for submission township: Overseers of the Poor— Isaac Adams, 
 Jesse Losey. Supervisors of roads— Timothy Ives, Titus Ives. Constable— Stephen 
 Loeey. 
 
 The following is the other indorsement: 
 September session, 1797. Petition for a new township on Tioga. Granted. Name, 
 
 Such is the record that lies at the foundation of the history of Tioga as a county 
 From the indorsements quoted it would appear that the name first given to the new 
 township was "Submission," but that it was afterward changed by the court to 
 "Tioga." This is a reasonable surmise, although there is nothing in the document 
 itself to indicate which of the indorsements was first written. The names of the peti- 
 tioners for the most part are those of men prominent in the early affairs of the 
 county. 
 
 Until the discovery of this valuable document, the only record in existence to 
 show when the name of the township of Tioga first appeared, was a little book not 
 much larger than an ordinary pass book of the present day. It was found a few years 
 ago, half buried in the mud, in a vault in the basement of the court house at Williams 
 port. There a large quantity of papers, relating to the first courts of Lycoming county 
 
BEGIXNIXG OF TIOGA COUNTY. 41 
 
 K 
 
 had been stored, but the great flood of 1889 came and engulfed them. When taken 
 out they were not only water-soaked, but covered with a thin, slimy mud, and to save 
 them they had to be dried in the sun. In this mass of water-soaked papers was the 
 little book spoken of. On examination it was found to be the quarter sessions 
 docket for 1798, and although much faded and stained by the action of the water, 
 nearly all the writing was plain and easily read. Turning to the record of September 
 term, 1798, it opens with a list of the townships and constables, just as they are 
 recorded in the proceedings of such courts to-day. At the bottom Tioga appears 
 as the eleventh township in Lycoming county, with this note: '"Job Stiles appointed 
 constable of Tioga township and sworn." 
 
 Tioga township, as thus created, in response to the petition heretofore quoted, 
 embraced all that part of the present area of Tioga county lying north of the summit 
 of Brier Hill and east and north of Pine creek. It also included all of Bradford 
 county lying west of the old line of Luzerne county, and that portion of Potter 
 coxmty lying north of Pine creek and east of the 120th mile-stone on the New York 
 State line. 
 
 TIOGA TOWNSHIP TAXABLES OF 1800. 
 
 With the beginning of the Nineteenth century the legislature deemed it proper 
 to have an enumeration made of the taxable inhabitants of Lycoming county, and 
 an act to that effect was passed March 8, 1800. The requirements of the law w.Te 
 promptly complied with by Commissioners Thomas l-'orster, Charles Stewart, and 
 James McClure. The original report for each township, as forwarded to the 
 secretary of the commonwealth, was recently found among the archives at Harris- 
 burg. It is time-stained and faded, but legible. Amonp the townships apjiears an 
 enumeration of the taxables of Tioga township. The names, occupation and ages 
 are as follows: 
 
 lUisha Alderman, farmer. 50; Ephraim Alderman, farmer, 14: .Tulm Allington, 
 farmer, 2t; Isaac Adams, farmer, 55; Kufus Adams, farmer, 24; Merwin Ammisey, 
 farmer, 22; Moses Ammisoy, farmer, 50; Ralph Brevear, farmer, 2'>; Iiorman Blnss, 
 millwright, 29; Lewis Bigelow, farmer, 38; Peres Bardwell, cooper, 33; Samuel 
 Bartles, farmer, 38; Jonathan Bonney, farmer, 2."); Joseph Bidin^^s, farmer, 25; 
 William Bulkley, farmer, 40; Abnor Blanchard, cooper, 63; Charles Blanchard, 
 farmer, 32; Ezekiel Blanchard, farmer, 23; Abner Blanchard, farmer, 21; William 
 Burlinganie, farmer, 5(1; John Bobster, farmer, 50; Pegpy Boher, widow, 31; Thomas 
 Berry, innkeeper; Hopestill Beecher, farmer, 24; Peter Cady, farmer, 23; l-]lijah 
 Cady, farmer, 52; Philip Cady, farmer, 2G; Zebulon Cady, farmer, 46; John Cady, 
 farmer, 25; Manasseh Cady, farmer, 69; Abel Cady, farmer, 25; Amasa Culver, 
 farmer, 25; Calvin Chambers, farmer, 2T; William Campbell, farmer, 23; Benjamin 
 Chambers, 40; David Chambers, farmer, 24; Reuben Cook, farmer, 51; Charles 
 Ologer, farmer, 44; Lemuel Gaylord, farmer, 35; Aaron Gillet, innkeeper, 34; Joiin 
 Goodlinp, 21; Jonathan Guisel, farmer, 30; John C.ri^:,L's. farmer. 50; Stephen 
 Gardner, farmer, 30; John Gardner, farmer, 35; George Goodhue, tailor, 57; Josiah 
 Hovey, innkeeper, 52; Simeon Hovey, carpenter, 24; Gurdon Hovey, carpenter, 22; 
 
42 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 William Holden, farmer, 28; Stephen Harrison, farmer, 43; Gideon Haines, joiner, 
 38; John Hulings, shoemaker, 27; Daniel Holiday, farmer, 31; Titus Ives, innkeeper, 
 33; John Ives, Jr., farmer, 36; John Ives, Sr., farmer, 55; Benajah Ives, farmer, 29; 
 Benjamin Ives, farmer, 45; Timothy Ives, farmer, 33; Ambrose Ives, farmer, 63; 
 Obadiah Inscho, farmer, 36; Daniel Ingersole, farmer, 60; Barret M. Ingersole, 
 farmer, 22; James Jennings, farmer, 27; Philip Job, farmer, 24; Subil Johnston, 
 joiner, 30; Daniel Jordan, farmer, 35; John Jervis, farmer, 21; Joseph Kelley, farmer, 
 38; David Kennedy, farmer, 50; William Kennedy, farmer, 35; William Knox, 
 farmer, 30; Mr. Kingsley, carpenter, 40; James Kinyon, farmer, 72; Benjamin 
 Kinyon, farmer, 26; John Kinyon, farmer, 28; Jacob Kiphart, farmer, 53; Gad 
 Lamb, farmer, 55; Jesse Losey, farmer, 35; Stephen Losey, farmer, 30; Stephen 
 Lane, farmer, 54; Joseph Lane, farmer, 33; Garret Miller, farmer, 42; Samuel Miller, 
 farmer, 22; Elisha Marvin, farmer, 28; Eichard Mitchell, farmer, 30; Thomas 
 Mitchell, blacksmith, 39; Eobert Mitchell, farmer, 24; Samuel Needham, farmer, 28; 
 Nathan Niles, farmer, 44; John Newell, farmer, 35; William Penrose, farmer, 35; 
 Job Phillips, farmer, 59; Daniel Phillips, farmer, 31; Samuel Palmer, 53; Lyman 
 Pritchard, farmer, 26; Eeuben Pribble, farmer, 27; George Pike, farmer, 37; Stephen 
 Eandle, farmer, 30; Jacob Eeed, farmer, 38; Jacob Eadley, farmer, 40; William 
 Eathbun, farmer, 24; Eoyal Southworth, joiner, 24; Uriah Spencer, farmer, 30; 
 Ebenezer Seelye, farmer, 45; Jacob Stiles, farmer, 40; Titus Sesse, farmer, 40; 
 Stephen Smith, farmer, 23; Daniel Strait, farmer, 39; Christopher Schoonover, 
 farmer, 43; Jacob Server, farmer, 48; Stephen Socket, farmer, 28; Daniel Thompson, 
 farmer, 49; Christopher Thompson, farmer, 36; James VanCamp, farmer, 60; John 
 VanCamp, farmer, 34; Samuel Wilcox, farmer, 33; Ezekiel Webster, farmer, 34; John 
 Wilson, farmer, 35; Thomas Wilson, farmer, 36; Elisha White, farmer, 53. 
 Total, 133. 
 
 Accompanying the report is a table showing the number of colored people in the 
 county, slave and free, at that time. Liberty Jordan, a freeman, aged 35, is the only 
 one credited to Tioga township. 
 
 From an old minute book of the commissioners, under date of September 3, 
 1800, it appears that John Carothers was paid $16 for "taking Tioga enimieration." 
 He was a resident of Lycoming township, and had a tract of land lying on the river, 
 a short distance above Newberry. Prom October 37, 1801, to October 36, 1804, he 
 served as coroner of Lycoming county. In the same minute book he is charged with 
 being paid $9.30, under date of September 7, 1803, for holding an inquest on the 
 dead body of Peter Grove. The latter was a famous Indian killer, and reference has 
 been made to him as being concerned with his brother Michael in the slaughter of a 
 number of savages on the Sinnemahoning. He settled near Dunnstown, and was 
 drowned in the river late in the fall of 1803, by the upsetting of his canoe,'as he was 
 crossing from the south side, whither he had gone to attend a shooting match. 
 
 As Tioga had been taken from Lycoming, that was the reason, probably, why 
 one of the residents of the parent township was selected to make the enumeration. 
 When the wilderness condition of the new township is considered, the job was cer- 
 tainly not a pleasant one. The only way to reach the district was by the Indian path 
 up Pine and Babb's creeks, over the State road from Newberry, which had just been 
 opened, or by the Williamson road from Trout Eun and the Block House. The set- 
 
BEGIN MXO OF TIOGA COUNTT. 43 
 
 tiers were widely scattered along the valleys of the Tioga and Cowanesque rivers, and 
 in "out-of-the-way" nooks where it was hard to find them. That the enumerator, 
 if he traveled through the new township in search of settlers, richly earned his sixteen 
 dollars will he the verdict of all familiar with the extent of the forest region. 
 
 ADDITIONAL EXTEACT8 FEOM EABLY BECOBDS. 
 
 Further evidence of the early efforts that were made to improve this new town- 
 ship are furnished by the fragmentary minute hooks of the commissioners of Lycom- 
 ing county, which are still in existence. An entry under date of October 21, 1803, 
 shows that Joseph Ross and Josiah AMiite were supervisors of roads in Tioga town- 
 ship, and that they were paid $420.78 for making an assessment of unseated lands. 
 December 6, 1803, Henry Donnel was paid $."J1.04 "in full for running the Tioga 
 township line;" but the most diligent search has failed to develop his report. In 
 March, 1804, Uriah Spencer received $10.56 "in full for assessing the towbship;" 
 and on the 12th of May, same year, Mordecai Sweeny was paid $3.60 "for carrying 
 duplicate to the collector of Tioga township." 
 
 Under date of June 6, 1804, William Rathbun and Moses Wilson, "supervisors 
 of roads," are paid "on account for unseated land tax for Tioga township for 1803, 
 $219.45." And order No. 163, December 5, 1804, shows us that Titus Ives was paid 
 $7.62 for attendance as a witness at Williamsport in the case of "Repub. vs. Ciillet, 
 at September and December terms" of court. 
 
 An act passed by the legislature April 3, 1804 (Smith's Laws, vol. IV., p. 107), 
 made Tioga township a separate election district, and directed that elections 
 should be held at the house of Thomas Ben-y. On October 16, following, the v<>m- 
 missioners paid Alexander Stone fifty cents "for making an election box for the 
 Tioga district." As there were few voles to poll a small box evidently sufficed to 
 contain the ballots. William Rathbun appears to have served as inspector and he 
 was paid $:!. Moses Wilson presided as judge and lie received the same pay. Nathan 
 Niles performed the duties of clerk and received $3, also. Uriah Spencer served as 
 judge at one election and his pay was the same. 
 
 PANTHER AND WOLF SCALP BOUNTIES. 
 
 In those days wild animals were plenty in the wilderness of Tioga, and 
 considerable money was paid out of the treasury as bounties for scalps. In the 
 commissioners' minute book for ISOS many entries of this kind are found, a few of 
 which are culled at random, to show who received bounties. On the 15th of March, 
 1808, Wilson Freeman received $16 "I'or two full grown panthers' heads:"" and on 
 the 5th of JIny. same year, Timothy Coats, Isaac Gaylord and James Whitney were 
 paid .$3a "for three wolf and une imnther heads,"" certified by Nathan Xiles, Esq., 
 On June 3d, Aaron Freeman was paid $8 "for a full grown wolf head" upon the 
 certificate of Justice Xiles; Joshua Reynolds also received $8, and Nathan Brown a 
 similar sum for wolf scalps. In the latter case Nathaniel Allen, Esq., made the 
 certificate. On the 1st of July, Joshua lievnolds pocketed i?8 "for a full grown 
 wolf head" upon certificate of 'Squire Niles, and on the 12th of August, Timothy 
 Culver had his exchequer replenished by a like amount on the same squire's cer- 
 
44 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tificate. Eufus Adams was paid $8 on the 39th of August, and Titus lyes was en- 
 riched $16 on the 30th of the same month for the scalps of two wolves which he had 
 trapped and slain. 
 
 During the first decade of the Nineteenth century hundreds of dollars were 
 paid in bounties for the destruction of wolves and panthers in Tioga township; 
 and the work of killing was continued well along in the second and third decades. 
 These animals abounded in those early days, and while they did not often attack 
 persons, the wolves particularly were a source of constant trouble to the farmers 
 on account of killing their sheep if they were not securely housed at night. Fre- 
 quently whole flocks were decimated in a night by these rapacious and prowling 
 pests of the wilderness settlements. For this reason the legislature authorized 
 the payment of a botmty for their destruction. 
 
 CHAPTEK IV. 
 
 TIOGA COUNTY ORGANIZED. 
 
 The Landed Interests— Their Influence on Legislation— Tioga County Ceeated 
 —Form and Area— Derivation of Name— The Teem Tioga— Boundary Line 
 Dispute— Origin of the Trouble— Various Efforts to Establish Lines— 
 A Tangle of Perplexing Questions— The Latest Commission. 
 
 OWING to landed interests the inhabitants of what became Lycoming county April 
 13, 1795, had to petition and importune the Assembly for nine years before their 
 prayers were granted. The opposition came principally from such men as Kobert 
 Morris and others who seemed imbued with a consuming desire to own all the lands 
 acquired by the purchase of 1784; and as these lands were annexed to Northumber- 
 land county they feared that its dismemberment would operate against their in- 
 terests. But after Morris disposed of his immense possessions in the State of New 
 York and was overtaken by business troubles, he no longer interposed objections to 
 the creation of new counties. 
 
 Lycoming county covered an immense area — about 12,000 square miles — and it 
 soon became clear to the owners of the great bodies of land that settlements could 
 be facilitated by making more counties. These landed proprietors were mostly resi- 
 dents of Philadelphia, and as the assembly sat there, they had, on account of their 
 wealth and standing, great influence with the members. Legislation then, as now 
 was often controlled by rings or syndicates; but it was more especially in the interest 
 of land owners and projectors of new towns. Bath had been founded by a great 
 English syndicate, whose manager, Charles Williamson, was one of the most saga- 
 
TIOGA COUNTY OBGAXIZED. 45 
 
 cious, enterprising and daring men of his time, and his bold operations in the wilder- 
 ness began to attract the attention of the whole countrj-. This aroused the owners 
 of the land lying south of Bath. They saw that the tide of emigration was setting in 
 for the "Genesee country,'' as it w as then called, over the great road which William- 
 son had built from Lycoming creek across the mountains and down the Tioga river, 
 and they perceived that if something was not soon done to arrest this flow of travel 
 a fine settlement would be founded north of them and their lands would remain in a 
 wilderness condition. 
 
 TIOGA COUNTY CHEATED. 
 
 The Pine Creek Land Company had been organized and Benjamin Wistar Morris 
 installed as their agent on the ground. He was from Philadelphia, had been trained 
 to business, and was a shrewd, far-seeing man. His backers resided in Philadelphia 
 and wielded great influence. Their intiMusts, combined witii the interests of other 
 land owners in the great territory embraced by Lycomiiij: county, induced them to 
 enter into a movement for the organization of more counties. The letrislature was 
 then sitting at Lancaster, and tlie movement culminated in the introiluetion cif a 
 bill — known as the "omnibus bill" — for tliu formation of a whole block of counties. 
 It was approved March 2(i, isot, and created the following counties: ChaiiiclJ, 
 Jefferson, McKean, Potter and Tio^ii. Tliose counties witc contiguous or adjoined 
 each other, and the territory out of which some of them were formed was practically 
 an unknown wilderness. 
 
 Centre county wiis organized l-'ebruary 13, 1800, out of parts of Mifflin, Xor- 
 thumberiand, Lycoming and Huntingdon; Clearfield out of parts of Lycoming and 
 Northumberland. But Jefferson, JUKean, Potter and Tioga were formed ..ut of 
 territory taken from Lycoming county alone. Lycoming, therefore, is the mother 
 of Tioga, and stately old Northumberland, erected :March '21, Vm, is her grand- 
 mother. 
 
 Section five of the "Omnibus Bill," of ^hnvh 2r,. ls(i4, thus defines the bound- 
 aries of Tioga: 
 
 That so much of the county of Lycoming, included in the following boundaries, to 
 wit: Itotrinning Ave miles north of the southeast corner of number four, in Brodhead's 
 district line on the eastern boundary of said number four; thence due east until it 
 strikes the main branch of Lycoming creek; thence up the said creek to the head thereof, 
 near the Towandv beaver dams; thence to the head of said beaver dams, or until it m- 
 tersects the boundary line between Luzerne and Lycoming counties; thence a straight 
 line to the eightieth mile stone on the State line; thence west along the State line to the 
 northeast corner of Vultcr county; thence south alonsr the line of the same to the place 
 of beginning, be, and the same is hereby erected into a separate county, to be henceforth 
 colled Tioga county, and the place of holding courts of justice in and for .said county 
 shall be fixed by the legislature at any place at a distance not greater than seven miles 
 from the .enter of the county, which may be most beneficial and convenient for said 
 county. 
 
 Tioga is the fourth county of I'cnnsyhania in the northern tier "f countii-s, on 
 the New York State line, counting from the northeast corner of the State and Dela- 
 ware river; the first being Wayne; the second, Snsiiuehanna; the third. liradford, and 
 
46 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the fourth, Tioga. It is bounded on the north by Steuben county, New York; on 
 the east by Bradford and Lycoming counties; on the south by Lycoming county, and 
 on the west by Potter county. 
 
 FOEM AND AEEA. 
 
 In shape Tioga is almost square, excepting the southeast corner, which is irregu- 
 lar or jagged. Its north line, which is also the line between New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania, was run upon the parallel of north latitude forty-two degrees. Its south line 
 was intended to follow the parallel of forty-one degrees thirty-five minutes. Its 
 west line was laid along the meridian of forty-seven minutes west from Washington. 
 Its east line runs a little east of south, from a point on the State line about two and 
 one-half minutes east of the "Washington meridian to the marsh at the head of Ly- 
 coming creek, near Canton; whence the county line descends Lycoming creek five 
 miles and then ascends Eoaring Branch about three miles, thus cutting off the theo- 
 retical square southeast corner and producing a jagged or irregular edge. 
 
 The dimensions of the county, according to the geological report, are as follows: 
 North line, 34| miles; south line (if straight to Lycoming creek), 33| miles; east 
 line, S8J miles; west line, 31J miles; southeast line (on Lycoming creek), 5 miles. 
 Its area is, therefore, about 1,124 square miles, or 719,360 acres. This, according to 
 the figures of the land ofiice, is only eighty-nine square miles less than the area of 
 Lycoming county. 
 
 DEEIVATION OF NAME. 
 
 The county derived its name from the Tioga river, which flows north and unites 
 with the Conhocton near Corning; after the confluence it is called the Chemung, 
 which sweeps around in a semi-circle and finally unites with the North Branch of the 
 Susquehanna at what was formally known as Tioga Point, but is now called Athens, 
 in Bradford county. Tioga Point was originally the gateway to the country of the 
 Six Indian nations, through which visitors had to pass. Early explorers and pioneers 
 found their way up the Tioga, as it was then called, into the neighborhood of what is 
 now Corning, and thence up the valley of the present Tioga river. Indeed, in early 
 times no other way of reaching this section of the country was known. But if Tioga 
 Point, whose early history is so thrilling and deeply interesting, has lost its identity, 
 the name of Tioga has been perpetuated in two counties — one in Pennsylvania and 
 one in New York — a river, a township and a borough in the former. From its source 
 to its mouth the river forms a figure like the letter C, and is nearly eighty miles in 
 length, while the source and the mouth are only about thirty-seven miles apart. It 
 bore its name all the way around in Indian times, and it never should have been 
 changed to Chemung in New York. 
 
 THE TEEM TIOGA. 
 
 This term, once applied to one of the most important points in Northern Penn- 
 sylvania, is of Indian origin. It was first heard of as early as 1749, and was often 
 mentioned during the French and Indian War of 1754-60, and in the time of the 
 
TIOGA COUNTY OBGAN'IZED. 
 
 Revolution. Like most Indian names it has been spelled in various ways or to suit 
 the idea of sound as expressed by German, French and English. During the Revolu- 
 tion it settled down to its present uniform orthography. The earliest written forms 
 of the word, as found in old documents and letters, are: "Diahoga," "Diahogo,"' 
 "Diaga," "Tayego," and "Teogo." And once in a letter of David Jameson t'> Ed- 
 ward Shippen, written under date of October 13, 1756, it was spelled as it is to-day. 
 As to the meaning of the word various interpretations have been given by scholars and 
 writers. Laidlaw's dictionarj' gives it "How swift the current;" and others follow in 
 the same \ein. ilany years ago there was a tradition among the old settlers in the 
 townships that it meant "Swcot water," but it is doubtful if this was the true meaning 
 of the word. Josiah J'^inery, Esq., long a resident of Wellsboro, and a careful pains- 
 taking investigator and writer, interpreted it to mean "Head water," which is more 
 likely to be correct than Laidlaw's definition. 
 
 A better explanation of the meaning of the word was furnished by Lloyd P. 
 Smith, for many years librarian of the old "Library Company of Philadelphia," 
 founded in 1731. Ho says that acconlinK to ilatthew S. Henry s manuscript dic- 
 tionary, Tioga is an Iroquois word, and means "Gate." Tills is confirmed by otlier 
 high authorities. N. T. True, Esq., of IJetliel, ilaine, says it is derived from 
 Teyaogen — an interval, or anything in the middle or between two thinjrs. Hence 
 tei-ohoho-gen — "the forks of a stream," or "the place where two rivers meet," that is, 
 the point between them. 
 
 Rev. John Heckeweldcr, the famous Jloravian missionary, who spent much 
 of his life among the Indians, and wrote a history of them, says that the word is de- 
 river from tiagoa, an Iroquois word, siunifying "a f^ate way," or "a plaee to enter 
 in at." This seems to be the most reasonable definition when tlie location and sur- 
 rounding emulitions are considered. 
 
 Here the Tioga united with tlie Siisciuehanna, and the Point or wedjxe of land 
 lying within (he forks of the two rivers lieeame historically important in early times, 
 because the traveler after crossing; either of these two streams entered the territory 
 of the Six Nations, as through a gate. The country south of the forks or Point 
 belonged to the Delaware Indians. Rev. David Zeisberger, another zealous Mora- 
 vian, who traveled this way as early as 17.")(i on a mission to Onondaga, the capital of 
 the Six Nations, said that "at Tiaoijiu or the gate, a guard of Indians were stationeil 
 for the purpose of ascertaining the character of all persons who crossed over into their 
 country, and that whoever entered their territory by another way than through the 
 gate, or iiy way of the Mohawk, was suspected by them of evil purposes, and treated 
 as a sjiy or enemy." 
 
 This condition of affairs was very likely brouirht about by French influence in 
 Canada, for the iiur])0se of retarding the encroachments of the whites from the Dela- 
 ware region. The French were anxious to occupy all that portion of the Province 
 now embraced in what is termed northwestern Penn.sylvania, and were jealous of the 
 advance of tlie English towards that territory. French influence over the Indians 
 was great during tlie time they occu]>ied the northern country, and it was only broken 
 1)V the fall of Qiu-bee. 
 
48 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 BOUNDAEY LINE DISPUTE. 
 
 Almost from the date of the organization of Tioga county a dispute has existed 
 with Lycoming regarding the boundary line. Commission after commission has 
 made surveys and attempted to settle the dispute, but at this writing it seems no 
 Jiearer solution than it was ninety years ago. There is some interesting history con- 
 Jieeted with this matter, which is worthy of being put on record. From the report 
 of the late Hon. C. D. Eldred, of Muncy, who served as a member of the last 
 •commission, we have obtained the following history of the dispute. 
 
 The act of March 36, 1804, creating six new counties, iive of which were formed 
 out of territory taken from Lycoming, is unusually explicit and mandatory. It not 
 only defines the boundaries of each, but gives no discretion to the commisssioners 
 authorized by section seventh to be appointed by the governor, to run and mark the 
 lines of each, to vary in the least, but directs that they shall do their appointed work 
 "according to the true intent and meaning of this act." Commissioners were accord- 
 ingly appointed by the governor, consisting of James Criswell, a resident of Hunting- 
 don, or Union county, who peremptorily declined to serve; William Ellis, of Lycom- 
 ing county, and George Eoss, of Lancaster. 
 
 The section authorizing the appointment also provided that any two of the 
 ■commissioners should have power to run the lines aforesaid, and as the act fixed the 
 boundaries of each county by meter and bounds, the work to be done contemplated 
 no ground for a difference of opinion or need of an umpire. Consequently the task 
 'devolved upon William Ellis and George Eoss, by the resignation of Criswell, of run- 
 ning and marking the boundary lines between McKean, Potter and Tioga, and the 
 mother county, Lycoming, as three other commissioners were appointed to perform 
 «, like duty for Jefferson, Clearfield and Cambria counties. 
 
 OKIGIN OF THE TROUBLE. 
 
 As this review of the boundary line question relates mainly to the dispute now 
 'existing between Lycoming and Tioga counties, it need only be said that it is pre- 
 .Bumed from the reading of the law, which seems to contemplate such action, that the 
 commissioners appointed to run the lines of the three western counties, did so in 
 .accordance with the true intent and meaning of the act of Assembly, and that also 
 before Messrs. Ellis and Eoss 'did or could begin to locate those of McKean, Potter 
 ;and Tioga. Of the latter commission, so far as it can be traced or known, the pur- 
 pose of this chapter is to speak. 
 
 ■ The provincial habit of dividing lands pi^rchased from the Indians into districts 
 for convenience in surveying and selling, continued to prevail under the State govern- 
 ment, and Joseph J. Wallis, who had charge of the northwestern territory — as it was 
 previous to the last purchase — which comprised a very large district, died in August, 
 1795, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Daniel Smith, a lawyer of Sunbury. He 
 only held the office for two or three years, when he was succeeded by Henry Donnel, 
 •also of Sunbury. 
 
 After the last purchase from the Indians and the division of the territory into 
 •districts, William Ellis was assigned to the first district and Daniel Brodhead to the 
 .second, which included nearly, or perhaps, all of the territory afterwards embraced 
 
a*^--r»«-««'->-» icO*'' 
 
 'oto^^ 
 
XIOGA COUNTY OHGAMZED. 49 
 
 in the three eastern counties formed in ISU-l. Soon after his assignment, however, 
 Mr. Brodhead was appointed surveyor general, and he transferred to Ellis the vacant 
 deputyship thus created. This occurred in Xovember, 1789. During the next suc- 
 ceeding five years Mr. Ellis had most of the lands l}'ing in the first and second dis- 
 tricts surveyed, and thus acquired more information respecting the topography of 
 the new purchase than any other man within the bounds of the State. The informa- 
 tion which fixed the limits of each county must have been derived from his office, and 
 he was, therefore, a proper person to be commissioned to run and mark the lines of 
 the new counties. 
 
 But, unfortunately, Mr. Ellis was at this time in poor health. Much business 
 had affected his mind. He executed his will January 14, 1805, and after adding 
 /several codicils died. The will was subsequently .set aside on the <:round of unsound 
 mind when executed. It being generally understood that he was not a practical 
 surveyor, it is hardly to be presumed under the circumstances that he perscinally 
 went upon the ground and ran any part of the required lines. Theru are a number 
 of other circumstances which may be f,nven to show that he was never personally on 
 any part of these boundary lines. Some of them are as follows: 
 
 It was not required that two of the commissiom-rs should he on the <rround in 
 making this survey. The law says any tim, but they were f,Mvon no iliscrctinii, and 
 <!0uld have nothing to consult about. The district surveyors' return drafts of 
 land as surveyed by them were the guides; am! yet it is often found that two such 
 drafts, sworn to as made on the same day, are at least loo miles apart and could not 
 have I)eeii made persoiially by the same deputy, besides this, it i.s a well known fact 
 to all surveyors, that eaeli deputy liad a number of practical surveyors working for 
 him, who reported ])eriodically and wore paid for work apjiroved and used and re- 
 turned as aforesaid. Therefore, by aiialo^'v, Mr. V.\\'\» could, and did, smd liis sur- 
 veyor or surveyors to run certain of the county lines for him, and did not go on the 
 ground himself. 
 
 The commissioners appointed to run and mark the boundary lines of Jefferson 
 county, having first jjorformed their duty, as already stated, Ellis and Ross, or any 
 surveyor authorized by them, had a plain task to perform. "Beginnin^r at the south- 
 east corner of Warren county; thence east along the line of Jefferson county to the 
 northeast corner thereof; thence south along the line of .Icfferson county, fifteen 
 miles; thence east twenty-two miles; thence north to thi' State line," etc., which 
 comprised the territory of ]\IcKean. This done, the same or any other surveyor, 
 could run and mark the lines of Potter, which are directed by the law to bcpn "five 
 miles north of the southeast corner of McKcan county; thence east thirty miles to 
 Brodhead's (now I'.ilis") district line; thence north along said district line to the 
 State line," rtc. 
 
 Tioga county remains to be established. Section five of the aforesaid law di- 
 rects: That so much (but no more) of the county of Lycoming, included in tlie 
 following boundaries, to wit: "Beginning fire miles north of the southeast corner of 
 number four [the fourth county named] on Brodhead's district line, on the ea.stem 
 boundary of said number four; thence due east until it strikes the main branch of 
 T>vcoming creek; thence up the said creek to the head thereof, near the Towanda 
 4 
 
50 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Beaver dams; thence to the head of said Beaver dams or until it intersects the 
 boundary line between Luzerne and Lycoming counties; thence a straight line to the 
 eightieth mile stone on the State line," etc. 
 
 The foregoing provisions of the law seem explicit enough, and yet, through 
 accident or design, were never complied with. The beginning, course and termina- 
 tion of each line being fixed, any surveyor competent to run a compass, could have 
 legally followed and marked the lines, and it is probable that certain portions of these 
 were undertaken, respectively, by Ellis and Boss. It will be seen that the distance 
 eastward from the Jefferson line, which had to be run, was twenty-two miles; thence 
 north to the State line, since ascertained to be forty miles; thence along the south 
 line of Potter, thirty miles, to the district line; thence north along the latter five 
 miles, aggregating ninety-seven miles. This part of the work would naturally fall 
 to the lot of George Boss to perform. Then following the district line north to the 
 State line, thirty miles; from same eastward to the Lycoming creek, thirty-five miles; 
 thence up the same and to the State line thirty-three, aggregating also ninety-eight 
 miles, for Mr. Ellis, or his surveyor, at the eastern division. 
 
 VAEIOUS EFFOETS TO ESTABLISH LINES. 
 
 Now, if such an allotment of duties was made between William Ellis and George 
 Boss, which fact is inferential from others, then George Boss honestly performed 
 his part of the contract, as a continuous line of the right date has been and can still 
 be traced as far as thirty miles eastward at the south side of Potter county, and to a 
 north and south tract line (John Barron, No. 5534) — perhaps mistaken for the dis- 
 trict line of about the same date — a birch corner is found at its termination, cor- 
 responding in age with the line and with the "call" on the ofi&cial map returned to 
 Harrisburg by George Boss and filed as required by law. From this birch corner a 
 surveyed line runs north, but whether made for the county or for a tract line, has 
 not yet been determined, nor has it yet been traced north beyond 520 perches. 
 
 As regards William Ellis' work, which would embrace the south, east and west 
 lines of Tioga county, it is almost certain that whatever was done, must have been 
 done by surveyors under his direction. Old vouchers are on file in the prothonotarjr's 
 office at Williamsport, showing payment by the county of Lycoming, to William 
 Benjamin,* one of Mr. Ellis' surveyors, for money received for running and marking 
 the lines of Tioga township and county. And a copy of an old draft is in existence 
 in the handwriting, it is believed, of John Norris, at the time a prominent citizen of 
 Wellsboro, Tioga county, made some time during the third decade of the present 
 century (or about 1837), which shows the termination of the county line on the 
 Lycoming creek, as returned by George Boss, and thence up it to the Beaver dams 
 near its source, delineating the same by a red line "as run by Joseph Williams, by 
 direction of the governor, in 1805." And also showing where Joseph Williams 
 "ended in 1805 running the county line." Joseph Williams, a pioneer of Williams- 
 
 * In the minute book of the co^nmissioners of I,yconiing county for 1805, under date of June 7th, (order No. 
 56) this entry appears : " William Benjamin in acct. for running the division line of Tioga township and county 
 $30." Also in the same book, under date of July 25, 1805, (order No. 87) is the following charge : " William Benja- 
 min in full for running the line of Tioga township and county, $77.39." This is conclusive evidence that he ran 
 the line, and the total cost was $107.39. 
 
TIOGA COUNTY OKOANIZED. 51 
 
 port, waa also one of Mr. Ellis' employed siirveyors, and is referred to in his will as 
 his agent for selling lands. He would, therefore, be a most likely person to be 
 deputed to run, at least, a part of the Tioga county line. But which of these lines 
 were run by Benjamin, and which by Williams? Tioga township was erected by the 
 court of Lycoming county in 1797, by dividing Lycoming to\vnship. The latter was 
 erected by decree of the court of Xorthumberland county in 178.5, and extended from 
 the river to the New York State line, and its southern end was bounded on the east 
 and the west by Lycoming and Pine creeks, respectively. Its territory was of great 
 extent originally. When settlements were made in the valley of the Tinpi river, it soon 
 became apparent that the township (Lycomini;) was too large for convenience, and 
 a division was made by setting off Tioga township, which then comprised the terri- 
 tority which became the county of Tioga in ilareh, lso4. 
 
 Considering the business operations of the times, the extensive purchase of lands 
 by what was called the Pine Creek Land Company, the operations of Jlorris and 
 Norris in what is now Morris township, the relationship existing between several of 
 the piiilics cdiicenicd, together with the fact that William Ellis was made one of the 
 trustees of Tiopi county by legislative enactment, it may l)e reasonably inferred that 
 William Benjamin ran and mai ked the western line, and also that at the east, extend- 
 ing from the eightieth mile-slone on the State line southward to the head of the 
 Beaver dams, on Towanda cret'k. 
 
 Joseph Williams, on the other hand, had surveyed, or suh-divided, Mr. Kllis' 
 lands between the iiycoming and Pine creeks, and would lie presMnii'd to know all 
 about this section of the county, and was, therefore, no doubt, us-i^qied to run and 
 mark the south lino of Tioga county, and thence up the I-ycoming creek, as shown 
 by said old draft. If Benjamin and Williams did this work in lSfi.">, during the life- 
 time of Mr. P^llis, nothing remained to he done at his (h'ath, but the niakinj,' of a map 
 in conjuction with (leorge Eoss, to complete the task assi^'iied them. 
 
 But by a supplemental law, jmssed April i:i, IsiiT. it ai)pears that "a small part 
 of the duty rcniained to be performed," and that (ieorge Ross was authorized "to com- 
 plete the running of the boundary lines of the counties of McKcan, Potter and Tioga, 
 and to return the map or draft of the lines of the said counties to the secretary of the 
 commonwealth." Said Koss was also allowed an extra sum of seventy-five cents for 
 every mile run, to he accounted for to the Icjral representatives of William Kllis, in 
 proportion to servicis rendered hy him in his lifetime. At what jioint, then, alin^: 
 these 200 miles of lines to be run and marked, did this "small part" remain to be 
 done in 1807? 
 
 Joseph Williams was engaged in surveyin.i:, dividing up, and selling ilr. Ellis' 
 lands between Lycoming and Pine creeks, and the old draft says he ran the county 
 line along or through those lands, but no continuous line of that date has yet I" i-n 
 found between BrodheadV district and Lycoming creek. There rests the wliole diffi- 
 culty. If sncli a line ever was run, it must be so far out of jiosition as to make it 
 void if found; and if it never was run, then a fraud was practiced upon the commis- 
 sion whieli returned it as comidying with the law. 
 
 It is true that a certain tract or land lino extending from Pine creek eastward 
 several miles, contains notdied trees at intervals which indicate milo-trec<. and after 
 n jog of '^onio rods another line continues toward the Lycoming creek, but neither 
 
52 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of these lines have a beginning at the district line or an ending at the Lycoming, 
 creek, and one found nearly a mile out of place, would answer to no survey of Mr. 
 Ellis' land. Moreover the notched trees could hardly be intended for mile-trees, as 
 no intelligent surveyor would denote the distance in that way, for in running thirty- 
 five or thirty-six miles he would have to cut the same number of notches, and if made 
 only six inches apart the scarred surface of the tree would gradually extend from one 
 to eighteen feet high! The marks alluded to were, therefore, probably made for sub- 
 divisions of Mr. Ellis' land only. Besides, an intermediate line, if intended for the 
 boundary, beginning ten miles east of the monument fixed by the law, and one mile 
 south of a direct east line from such, and stopping five miles short of the Lycoming 
 creek, could hardly be called a compliance with the "true intent and meaning of the 
 law," and therefore a nullity. 
 
 The want of evidence that the boundary between Lycoming and Tioga was 
 originally run, marked and fixed as required by the law, has been a perplexing 
 problem for surveyors ever since the year 1805. Numerous old drafts can be found 
 differing from one another as to the location of the county line, but none defining its 
 position from any given point. This want of knowledge induced land owners in its 
 supposed vicinity to apply to the legislature for relief; and by an act passed the 39th 
 of March, 1849, A. II. McHenry and John Pratt, of Lycoming, and William Bache, 
 of Tioga, were appointed commissioners "to run and distinctly mark the boundary 
 line or lines between the said counties of Lycoming and Tioga agreeably to the pro- 
 visions of the acts of Assembly defining the boundaries of the said counties." 
 
 In pursuance of this act, two of the commissioners named, did run and mark a 
 line from the thirty-first mile tree on the Brodhead district line through, due east, to 
 the Lycoming creek, which line is the only continuous one ever run and marked that 
 can be found, although it must be admitted that its beginning at the thirty-first mile- 
 tree is in accordance with George Ross' draft only, and not with the law; but then, 
 as the Potter line was not at this time extended to the district line, as already shown, 
 how could Major McHenry and his colleague find any other starting point, or do 
 otherwise than they did? 
 
 The transparent injustice of allowing two commissioners from Lycoming to 
 adjust and determine a question in which Tioga was equally interested, very properly 
 induced the legislature at its next session to annul their work, but continue the com- 
 mission, with a representative from each county interested, and an umpire from a 
 third. The new board never met and the old dispute remained in statu quo. 
 
 After the ratification of the New Constitution of 1873, by an act of the legislature 
 of April 17, 1876, the authority of apportioning commissioners to "carefully ascer- 
 tain the old line and designate the same by suitable marks of a permanent character," 
 on petition, was conferred upon the several cou.rts of quarter sessions of the com- 
 monwealth, and under this law, on application, "William Bache, of Tioga; Henry H. 
 McNett, of Lycoming, and one surveyor from Bradford, were appointed to re-run and 
 mark the boundary line between Lycoming and Tioga. 
 
 It will be seen that these commissioners were to carefully ascertain the old line, 
 but as no line was originally run, as designated by the act of Assembly, it was impossi- 
 ble for these men to ascertain what was not in existence. They began on a tract line, 
 about midway between the district line and the Lycoming creek, significantly saying 
 
TIOGA COrXTY OBGANIZED. 53 
 
 in their report, that the line westward was too well known and manifest to require 
 remarking! Xow as to this, somebody was deceived. The line they traced does not 
 extend but a short distance farther westward, while there is none at all between Pine 
 creek and the district line. This commission therefore did not perform a miracle, 
 to find and re-mark a line never made! 
 
 The commission of 1892, composed of Hiram E. Bull, of Bradford county; 
 Darius L. Deane, of Tioga, and C. D. Eldred, of Lycoming, had all the foregoing com- 
 plex problems to examine and wrestle with. Their first effort was made to find the 
 "Birch comer" on the district line, returned as made by George Ross. But no "Birch 
 comer" of 1805, or later, except the one made by McHenry and Spafford in 1870, 
 could be found. These last named gentlemen were authorized by the act of April 3, 
 1869, "to re-run and revive and establish the original county line on the northern 
 boundary of Clinton county, the same being the division line between Clinton and 
 Potter counties." 
 
 The report and draft of their work cannot now be found in either of the afore- 
 said counties, and one of the commissioners (Mr. Spafford) — the other, Mr. McHenry, 
 being dead — in a letter on file with Messrs. Bull and Deane's report, alleges that his 
 notes of the survey were burned up with his l)uil(]iiif,', but that his recollection is that 
 in marking the survey, the old line was found and followed to the waters of Young- 
 woman's creek, after which it apparently disappeared. This letter corroborates the 
 allegation that the surveyor, whoever he w as, believed he had arrived at the division 
 line in running the south line of Potter, and made a birch corner on a tract line, 
 by mistake, three miles and 223.7 perches, by official survey, short of the proper 
 monument. The members of the last commission, therefore, had no trouble, as 
 already stated, to find McHenry and Spafford's "Birch corner" on the district line, 
 but oould discover no older marks on or near their line. 
 
 There is, it is true, a birch mile-tree, the thirty-fifth, on the said district line, 
 which possibly might have been taken by Joseph Williams for the one made by mis- 
 take over three miles westward: but if so, his line running east at a point five miles 
 north of it would make the line run by him as much too far north, as the partial line 
 commonly reputed as the county line, is found too far south. It is, therefore, plain 
 that Joseph Williams, or any other surveyor sent by William Ellis or tieorge Ross, 
 to run and mark the south line of Tioga county, could not begin at the southeast 
 comer of Potter county on Brodhead's district line and run along it north five miles, 
 as the law required, before running due east to the Lycoming creek, as no such corner 
 was yet established; but he could and should have gone to some point on the south 
 line of Potter county and traced that line to the "Birch corner." Tlie mistake being 
 found, a line north from the birch five miles and then due east, would reach the dis- 
 trict line at precisely the same point that a line north would have done, had the south 
 line been extended and the birch made on the district line, as called for in George 
 Ross' draft. Therefore the error was not material, as the law, and not the draft, fixed 
 the southeast corner of number four. 
 
 Another problem remains to be solved on the east boundary of Tioga. The law 
 creating the county directs a due east course to be run from the point fixed on the 
 district line "imtil it strikes the main branch of Lycoininp creek — thence up the said 
 creek to the head thereof, near the Towanda beaver dam>^." etc. Does the word 
 
54 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 "strike/' mean to a point at the middle of the stream, and "up," the center of the 
 channel? Messrs. Eoss and Ellis did not so construe the law, as they followed the 
 tracts of land lines (crossing and re-crossing the creek many times) as shown by their 
 report and draft filed; but the inhabitants along the valley seem always to have un- 
 derstood the middle of the creek to be the line and boimdary. 
 
 The line as returned is certainly the most permanent, as it can always be traced 
 with some degree of accuracy; whereas the channel of a creek undergoes constant 
 and inevitable changes naturally, and may be diverted artificially without limit. It 
 is well known that the construction of the JN'orthern Central railroad did change it 
 materially in one location, and that floods have done the same thing in other sections, 
 to say nothing of private operations generally. Hence, if the middle of the channel 
 is the true line, then does this shuffle-board carry to and fro the county line, or was it 
 the line only where the creek ran in 1805? If the latter, how can it be established 
 now, after such a lapse of time and so many changes in the channel? Moreover, 
 the present established corner of Lycoming, Tioga and Bradford counties, is not 
 at the head nor on the bank of the Lycoming creek, but is on, or nearly on, the 
 line surveyed by Joseph Williams in 1805, and returned by George Eoss to the 
 land ofiice in 1809. 
 
 In conclusion, it is but fair to say that Joseph Williams about this year (1805) 
 succeeded in selling some of Mr. Ellis' lands on or near the reputed county line, 
 at Texas and the Block House, and that the new settlers, in the absence of any 
 other, adopted this intermediate and broken line as the actual county line and 
 the people have so regarded it up to the present. 
 
 A TANGLE OF PERPLEXING QUESTIONS. 
 
 Therefore, taking into consideration all the foregoing facts and circum- 
 stances, as they were found to exist by the last commission, or can be now es- 
 tablished, there seems to be a plain case for a judicial construction of the several 
 questions involved: 
 
 First. No corner being established on Brodhead's district line, and hence 
 no point at five miles north of it fixed and marked, from which a line due east 
 is found or was run to the Lycoming creek as required by the law, are the direc- 
 tions of the act still in force, and is the original line to be run and marked as 
 the prescribed one established by the legislature? 
 
 Second. What effect, if any, has the draft required to be made by George 
 Eoss and filed at Harrisburg in 1809, which agrees exactly with the law, but has 
 no water courses, or other monuments, marked thereon to designate or show hia 
 work; or does it signify that a line was run, but not properly marked according to 
 the true intent and meaning of the act of Assembly? 
 
 Third. No continuous line having been found as run in accordance with the 
 law and draft referred to, but an immediate line between Pine creek and the 
 Eoaring Branch of Lycoming creek, out of position and more than half of it well- 
 known land lines, and broken in character, but heretofore" recognized, and by 
 tradition, as the reputed county line; can the mistake of the settlers on or 
 near it, or the ofiicial acts of the township or county officer, nullify the provisions 
 of the law and thus change by prescription the boundaries of counties? 
 
TIOGA COUXTY OKGAXIZED. 00 
 
 Fourth. If tradition and prescription can supercede a law, will it avail to 
 extend the line, where none is now found, from Fine creek west to the district 
 line, a distance of some ten miles; and eastward from the Eoaring Branch to 
 Lycoming creek, say four miles, or only as far as the line eastward? 
 
 Fifth. Would such a decision attach that portion of Potter county east of the 
 old hirch made by mistake on the west line of John Barron, Xo. 5. 524, to Clinton 
 county, and affirm the survey up Lycoming creek along the land Lines as aforesaid 
 (and not in the middle of the channel) as made by Joseph Williams in 1805 and 
 returned as the county line by George Ross in ISOli? 
 
 These seem to be complex, but important questions, and must be settled by 
 judicial or legislative authority, unless future developments should serve to cut 
 the gordian knot. 
 
 Messrs. Bull and Deane, however, disagree with Mr. Eldred. They filed a 
 separate and elaborate report, containing maps and drafts, showin;: the lines that 
 have been run, and took the jxtsitioii that the rutc)).'iii/.eil line sliould be accepted. 
 If the proposed new line were a(cci)t('d it would take quite a slice of territory 
 from Tioga. This, it is claimed, would not only be a hardshiji, but would disar- 
 range titles and cause more or less trouble. If the traditional line were accepted 
 by a decree of the courts the dispute would be forever ended. 
 
 THE LATEST COMMISSION. 
 
 Since the foregoing was written, a new commission has been appointed by 
 the courts and boards of county commissioners of T\o<xi\ and Lyeoming counties, 
 under authority of an act of assembly, approved May 'i'-i, ls;).->. This eommission 
 consists of 1). L. Deane, of Weljsboro, Tiopi county, and Tliram K. Bull, of To- 
 wanda, Bradford county, appointed by the court and board of commissioners of 
 Tioga county; and E. J. Eldred, of Willianisport, Lyeoming county, and J. M. 
 Boyer, of Selinsgrove, Snyder county, appointed by the court and board of com- 
 missioners of Lycoming county. These four met in Williamsport. September 18, 
 189(i, and selected John Jlorgan, of Ridgeway, Elk county, for the fifth member. 
 J. M. Boyer was elected president and Hiram i:. Bull secretary. It is to be hoped 
 this eommission will settle the dispute, and that their labors will result in a satisfac- 
 tory and final settlement of this century-old and perplexing boundary line trouble. 
 
CHAPTEE Y. 
 
 THE PIONEEES. 
 
 First White Men— Samuel Bakee Locates at La wrenceville— Other Early 
 Settlers There— First Settlers Along the Cowanesque River— Pioneers 
 OF the Tioga Valley— Early Settlers in other Parts op the County- 
 Hardships AND Privations ■ Endured- The Pine Creek Land Company- 
 Morris' Great Trust— Trouble in the Land Company— Norris and B abb- 
 Horrors OF THE WlLDB»NBSS— TAXABLES OF 1812. 
 
 PREVIOUS to the treaty of Port Stanwix, in 1784, the only white men to find 
 their way within the present limits of Tioga county, were French explorers, 
 Jesuit and Moravian missionaries, Indian scouts and hunters, and prisoners con- 
 ducted by the Indians over their paths or trails from the settlements in Penn- 
 sylvania to below Fort Niagara, in New York. Then followed the commissioners 
 to survey the boundary between Pennsylvania and New York, who, in 1786, brushed 
 out or cut a roadway, over which settlers afterwards found their way into Tioga 
 county, along the northern line of which it ran. 
 
 To Samuel Baker, however, belongs the honor of being the first white man to 
 settle within the limits of the county, and to rear for himself and family a house 
 in the midst of the unbroken wilderness. In the spring of 1787 he built a cabin 
 and commenced a clearing on the west bank of the Tioga river, almost directly east 
 of the present residence of Charles Beebe, in Lawrenceville. His cabin stood near 
 a large oak on the lands of Mrs. Damon. At that time Samuel Harris, his nearest 
 neighbor, was located at Painted Post, in the capacity of an Indian trader. Baker 
 raised some corn during the summer and managed to put in the time. On Christmas 
 day, 1787, he started down the river to Tioga Point, on the ice, leaving his cabin 
 in charge of Capt. Amos Stone, who had been a prominent actor in Shay's rebellion, 
 in Massachusetts, in the spring of 1787, and who had Joined him in the summer of 
 that year. After enduring many hardships, Mr. Baker succeeded in bringing his 
 family, up the river in the spring of 1788, his father-in-law, Eichard Daniels, a 
 native of Albany, New York, and his wife, accompanying them and locating on an 
 adjoining farm. William Barney, who came from the "North River," soon after- 
 ward joined the little settlement. Another settler here was "William Holden, who 
 came from near Albany, when a mere boy, so it has been stated, and accompanied 
 the party that surveyed the State line. As his age is given at twenty-eight years 
 in the taxables of 1800, he was only fourteen years old when this survey was made, 
 and it is not likely that he would settle by himself in the wilderness. It is more 
 than probable that he came about the same time as Richard Daniels. 
 
THE PI0XEEE8. 57 
 
 In the spring of 1793, when the Williamson road reached the State line, 
 Captain Williamson, finding Baker and the other settlers much disturbed over the 
 uncertainty of their titles to the land upon which they had settled, offered them 
 land with perfect titles in Pleasant Valley, near Lake Keuka, Steuben county, Xew 
 York. The offer was accepted by all of the settlers, except William Holden. and 
 they removed to their new location in the spring of 1794. Here, in time. Baker 
 became a prominent man, was elected an associate judge, and died in 1S42, at the 
 age of eighty years. William Holden remained at Lawrenceville until about 1795, 
 when he sold his possessions to Uriah Spencer, removed up the Cowanesque valley, 
 and became the first settler at the mouth of Holden brook, on the site of Ostcula. 
 
 The first white settler in the Cowanesque valley west of Lawrenceville was 
 Reuben Cook, who in May, 1792 or 1793, orccttd a cabin on a little flat north of 
 the present residence of Harris T. Ryon, in Xelson borough. James Strawbridge, 
 who made a clearing and temporary settlement at the mouth of Yarnall brook, at 
 Academy Corners, Deerfield township, is thouglit by some to have preceded Reuben 
 Cook, and to have settled as early as 178."). Other early settlers in the valley before 
 1800 were Dorman Bloss, a millwright, who located at Xelson; John AUiii^rton, 
 Abner, (Iharles and Kzekiel [Jlanchard and Amasa Culver, who si-ttk-d in what after- 
 wards became Nelson township; Daniel Holiday, who sittled below Elkland; 
 Cooper Cady, Caleh Griggs, Daniel Pliillips, Titus Sesse, and l>rael Bulkley. who 
 settled in the neighborhood of Osceola; l-^bciu'zcr Si'i^iye, who settled at Academy 
 Corners; William Knox, who settled on the site of Kno.xville, and Jonathan Bonney, 
 an early physician, who afterwards settled permanently in I'.r<ioktiilcl township. 
 
 The first settler in the Tioga valley, above Lawrenciville, was Jesse Losey. The- 
 other settlers in the valley, whose names appear in the census of 1800 — given in 
 a preceding chapter— were Isaac and Rufus Adams, who located at Lawrenceville; 
 Thomas Berry, who settled at the southern end of what is now Tioga borough; 
 Ilopestill Beecher, who located temporarily at Tioga, and afterwards settled at 
 Beecher's Island; Aaron Gillet, who located at the mouth of Mill creek, in Tioga 
 township, and afterwards removed to Cherry Flats; Josiah Ilovi y, who settled and 
 kept an inn near the Richmond township line, above Canoe Caiii]). (his two sons, 
 Simeon and Gurdon, also settled with him); Uhadiah Iii-tiio, who settled almve 
 Lawrenceville; John Ives. Sr., John Ives, Jr., and Benajah, Timothy, Titus, llmja- 
 niin and Ambrose Ives, who settled in and about Tioira borough; James Jennings, 
 Jacob Kiphart, and Stcjihen Losey, who located at Tioj:a: Gad Lamli, who settk-d 
 at Lamb's Creek; Elisha Jfarvin, who settled near the site of Mansfield; Richard, 
 Thomas and Robert Mitchell, who located at Mitchell's Creek; Nathan Niles, Sr., 
 who settled below the mouth of Mill creek, in Tioga township: and Uriah S^iiciinr, 
 who bought out William Holden, at Lawrenceville, and who afterwards removed 
 to Tioga, where he became a prominent and leading citizen. The Cady and Wilson 
 families, of Lawrence, are also given in that assessment. 
 
 Although the name of Dr. William Willard does not appear on the assessment 
 list of 1800, he is credited, by those familiar with the early history of the county, 
 with locating at Tioga, in 1798, soon after which the place litcame known as Wil- 
 lardsburg. Benjamin Corey, who sittled on the site of Mansfield in 1797, is iiut 
 mentioned cither. 
 
58 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTTNTY. 
 
 Another early settlement was made as early as 1793, at Millerton, in Jackson 
 township, by Garret Miller and his family. John Newell, a pioneer settler at ISTew- 
 elltown, in Union township, was here before 1800, and also Elisha "White, who settled 
 at Holidaytown, Middlebnry township. Other names appear on the assessment list 
 of that year, but as they were, for the most part, those of persons who made but 
 a temporary stay, it is not possible at this late day to determine just where they 
 made locations. 
 
 During the year 1800, and within the next succeeding five years, there was 
 a marked increase in the number of settlers, the more prominent new comers being 
 Benjamin Wistar Morris and family, who settled on the site of Wellsboro in 1800; 
 Aaron Bloss, who first located near Covington in 1801, and in 1803 became the 
 founder of Blossburg; William Hill Wells, who settled southwest of Wellsboro in 
 1803; Samson Babb, who settled on Babb's creek, in Morris township; Eobert Steele, 
 who settled on the site of Ansonia, in Shippen township; and Aaron and William 
 Furman, who settled at Furmantown, in Gaines township. 
 
 Fuller details concerning the foregoing named pioneers, as well as of the settle- 
 ment and development of the various sections of the county, will be found in the 
 chapters devoted to the different townships and boroughs. Nearly all of these early 
 pioneers endured great suffering and privation. Ebenezer Seelye, whose father was 
 one of the first settlers in the Cowanesque valley, contributed, in 1867, to the 
 AVellsboro Agitator the following account of how they lived after their arrival: 
 
 My father erected a cabin of bark set against a large pine log, and lived in it for a. 
 year and a half. He then built a log house. In this he lived the first winter without a 
 floor, there being no saw mill nearer than Painted Post. For a grist mill we used a 
 stump hollowed out by fire for a mortar, and a spring pestle. In this we pounded our 
 samp for bread and pudding- timber for two years. After a while several of the settlers 
 •clubbed together and purchased a pair of millstones about two feet in diameter, which 
 we turned by hand. At first we could only raise corn. Wheat blasted, rusted, and would 
 not mature. This state of things lasted seven or eight years, when wheat, rye and oats 
 began to be raised. The family dressed chiefly in deer skins, and I was ten years old 
 before I had a pair of shoes. 
 
 THE PINE CEEEK LAND COMPANY. 
 
 From a "Declaration of Trust," recorded in Lycoming county (Deed Book E, 
 p. 545), we are enabled to get at the primary causes which led to the founding and 
 settlement of Wellsboro. From this instrument it appears that on September 31, 
 1796, Josiah Hewes, Meiers Fisher, and James Wilson, in consideration of five 
 shillings, per acre, or £14,715, did by "indenture tripartite" convey unto "George 
 Eddy and Moore Wharton, as tenants in common and not as joint tenants," seventy- 
 five tracts of land sittiated in Lycoming county, which had been warranted to Hewes 
 and Fisher, August 10, 1793, making in the aggregate 73,575^ acres. These war- 
 rants, which were supposed to cover about 1,000 acres each, are all numbered in 
 the declaration. In this great sale it appears that Mr. Wilson was the owner of 
 6,594 acres, or six tracts, warrants for which had been issued to him, February 3, 
 1794. These tracts, added to those of Hewes and Fisher, made an aggregate of 
 80,569^ acres. 
 
THE PIONEERS. 59 
 
 It is unnecessary in this connection to note all the sales and transfers which took 
 place between the different parties referred to in the declaration, but suffice it to 
 say that in view of the interest of one Joseph Thomas, Edward Tilghman, grantee of 
 said Thomas, and trustee for Edward Shippen and William Graham, thirteen tracts 
 were excepted in the general plot, together with the fraction of another, the whole 
 making 14,001^ acres. 
 
 Othei: transfers then occurred, when it appears that Gideon Hill Wells and 
 Richard Hill Morris were made "tenants in common and not joint tenants," in 
 certain lands which are all referred to in the Declaration. Richard Parker was 
 also interested in certain tracts. 
 
 Then, under date of July 22, 1799, it appears that Moore Wharton, Thomas 
 Qreeves, Gideon Hill Wells, Richard Hill Morris, and William Parker, of Phila- 
 delphia, conveyed each of their interests to Benjamin Wistar Morris, by 
 which transfer, in tlie language of the Declaration, "he became seized in his 
 desmense as of fee in the said great tract of land so as aforesaid to them severally 
 conveyed in and by the said 80,569^ acres and allowances — except the said 14,001^ 
 acres and allowances so as aforesaid conveyed to the said Edward Tilghman." 
 
 morris' great trust. 
 
 The foregoing preliminaries having been settled, the "Declaration" then con- 
 tinues in these words: 
 
 Now, therefore, this indenture witnesseth and all the said parties hereto, do hereby 
 confess, acknowledge niul declare that the said llcnjamin W. Morris do and shall, stands 
 seized and possessed of the premises aforesaid to and for the use and Iienefit of all the 
 parties to this indenturo aeeording to their several proportions of and in the same in 
 trust to and for the uses, interests and purposes, and under the conditions, etc., that is 
 to say, upon this trust and eontldence that lie, the said licnjamin W. Morris, do and shall 
 grant, bargain, sell, convoy and assure to any person, or persons, actual settlers or others, 
 all or any part of the said land for the best prices that can be procured for tlie same, and 
 receive the consideration, monies or security for the same and pay the monies arising 
 therefrom to all the parties to this indenture of the first part, according to their respec- 
 tive interests therein, and do and shall reconvey and assure to the said parties so much 
 of the said land as shall be undisposed of at the expiration of five years from the date 
 hereof. 
 
 And that he, the said Benjamin W. Morris, do and shall pay all necessary sums of 
 money for the improvement and settlement of the said lands; and if any of the parties 
 to this indenture of the first part shall refuse or neglect to pay any sum of money agreed 
 to be raised by a majority of votes, allowing 500 acres to a vote, then a proportion of the 
 land of such defaulter may lie taken by any other of the parties at $1.00 per acre, provided 
 they think proper to malie the advauees due from such defaulter, allowing such defaulter 
 twelve months' notice previous to any of their lands being alienated as aforesaid; and 
 in case any advanees made by the said Benjamin \V. Morris shall be refunded after notice 
 as aforesaid, and within twelve months, interest shall be allowed and paid upon the same. 
 
 And the said Benjamin \V. Morris for himself and his heirs doth hereby covenant, 
 promise and agree to and with the said Moore Wharton. Thomas Gree\es, Gideon Hill 
 'Wells, Richard Hill Morris, and William Parker, their heirs, etc., that the said Benjamin 
 W. Morris shall and will in all things relating to the trust in him confided, abide the 
 written directions of a majority of the parties to this indenture, their votes to lie a.scer- 
 tained as aforesaid, and shall and will in all things well and truly cNecute and perform. 
 
60 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 fulfill and abide by all and singular the trusts and confidences aforesaid according to the 
 true intent and meaning thereof, and that he shall not wilfully or knowingly do or sufEer 
 to be done any act whereby the premises or any part thereof may or can be evicted, in- 
 cumbered or charged on the title thereof, impeached, or the true intent and meaning of 
 these presents be defeated. 
 
 This instrument was duly acknowledged, July 26, 1799, before John D. Cox, 
 president of the court of common pleas of the First district of Philadelphia, and 
 was duly recorded at Williamsport. This great business transaction, or trust, con- 
 stituted what is vaguely known in history as "The Pine Creek Land Company," and 
 out of its operations were developed many important land transactions and im- 
 provements, which finally culminated in the organization of Tioga county and 
 the founding of 'WeUsboro. This immense body of land laid in what is now the 
 northwestern part of Lycoming, and the southwestern part of Tioga county. It 
 covered what are now Morris and Delmar townships, and the name of the man in 
 whom the great trust was confided, nearly 100 years ago, is perpetuated by a town- 
 ship and a village. 
 
 TROUBLE IN THE LAND COMPANY. 
 
 It appears that some twelve or fourteen years before the death of Benjamin 
 Wistar Morris, trouble arose among the members of the land company and several 
 failures occurred. By referring to Deed Book F, p. 343, Lycoming county, an 
 article of agreement will be found, which was made April 11, 1811, between Samuel 
 "Wells Morris, "William Wain, Alexander Henry, Robert Frazier, and Samuel Pan- 
 coast, assignees of Thomas Greeves, and John Dorsey and Archibald McCall, as- 
 signees of Gideon Hill "Wells, of Trenton, which sets forth "that whereas Samuel 
 "Wells Morris is lawfully seized and entitled to 36,784 acres of land, "William "Wain 
 13,284, and Alexander Henry, Eobert Frazier, and Samuel Pancoast, assignees 
 of Thomas Greeves, of 15,000 acres, and John Dorsey and Archibald McCall, as- 
 signees of Gideon Hill Wells, of 2,500 acres;" the assignees "appoint John P. 
 DeGruchy and William Cox Ellis, to view, examine and survey 66,568 acres and 
 divide the same in proportion" among the parties; and to "lay o£E 36,784 acres tO' 
 the use of Samuel Wells Morris." ^ 
 
 The viewers made the division as per request of the assignees, and their work 
 appears in the form of an elaborate table, which is recorded in connection with the 
 "article of agreement" spoken of. As a tabular statement, it is interesting 
 in that it gives a clear insight into the relative ownership of this great body of 
 land eighty-six years ago. It is as follows: 
 
THE PIONEEES. 
 
 61 
 
 LANDS OF THE PINE CREEK COMPANY. 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 
 John Dorsey 
 Alex. Henry, Robt. ; | and Archi- 
 
 
 
 Frazier and Sam- 
 
 bald Mc- 
 
 Samuel W. Morris. 
 
 William Wain. 
 
 uel Pancoast, as-. 
 
 Call, as- 
 
 
 
 signees of Thos. 
 
 signees of 
 
 
 
 Greeves. 1! Gideon H. 
 
 
 
 Wells. 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 No. 
 
 Aa-es. 
 
 No. 
 
 Acres. 
 760 
 
 No. 
 1624 
 
 Acres. \\ No. Acres. 
 
 i of 1684 
 
 496 
 
 1604 
 
 906 
 
 Part 1646 
 
 953 
 
 1626 
 
 990 
 
 1686 
 
 990 
 
 1606 
 
 990 
 
 1647 
 
 990 
 
 1616 
 
 963 
 
 1643 
 
 990 
 
 1686 
 
 990 
 
 1606 
 
 990 
 
 1640 
 
 990 
 
 1614 
 
 960 
 
 1626 
 
 290 
 
 Part 1587 
 1688 
 
 940 
 990 
 
 1661 
 1607 
 
 910 
 990 
 
 1669 
 1648 
 
 990 
 990 
 
 1618 
 1623 
 
 07fi 
 
 990 2,270 
 
 Part 1689 
 
 660 
 
 1608 
 
 990 
 
 Part 1627 
 
 520 
 
 1622 
 
 990 
 
 1690 
 
 990 
 
 1616 
 
 990 
 
 i 1620 
 
 495 
 
 Part 1626 
 
 700 
 
 1691 
 
 990 
 
 1617 
 
 990 
 
 1619 
 
 990 
 
 Part 1642 
 
 785 
 
 1692 
 
 990 
 
 1629 
 
 990 
 
 1612 
 
 990 Part 1645 
 
 7K,-, 
 
 1698 
 
 990 
 
 1630 
 
 :i!.o 1611 
 
 990 ll 1644 IMIO 
 
 1694 
 
 990 
 
 1681 
 
 990 
 
 1610 
 
 ;i;*o 1666 906 ;i 
 
 Part 1595 
 
 490 
 
 1688 
 
 990 
 
 1609 
 
 990 \\ 1669 
 
 990 i 
 
 1697 
 
 990 
 
 1649 
 
 990 
 
 1618 
 
 900 i; 1664 
 
 990 : 
 
 1598 
 
 990 
 
 1650 
 
 990 
 
 Part 1639 
 
 400 Part 1627 
 
 •2'.iO 
 
 1600 
 
 990 
 
 1657 
 
 990 
 
 
 ! 1621 
 
 990 ' i 
 
 
 1601 
 
 990 
 
 1668 
 
 ii'.lO 
 
 12,076 i 1620 
 
 4',l.j 
 
 1602 
 
 990 
 
 Part 1628 
 
 8: 10 
 
 
 
 
 1608 
 
 983 
 
 Part 1689 
 
 690 
 
 ': i3,rto'.» 
 
 Part 1627 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16,428 
 
 
 17,166 
 16,428 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 ;i3.5f<3 
 
 
 I 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 Clamiinl 'W Mnri-U . 83,588 
 
 William Wain 12,075 
 
 Alexander Henry eJ oi., 
 
 John Dorsej' f< at , 
 
 
 i.j.ijoy 
 •J.1'70 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 61. .-j^ 
 
 Quantity laid off to the respective piuiiriotors: 
 
 No. 1590, mill tract, reserved by order of William Wain, the division of which is to 
 
 be determined by the respective proprietors, 990 
 
 Grants by the company as follows to B. W. Morris 990 
 
 Ciiiiiits by tlio company as follows: 
 
 Tfi II \V Mnrris 990 
 
 
 Grants by B. \V. Morris as agent of the company allowed: 
 
 
 To ditto, which he purchased at $t per ;uro; but is not yet paid: when it is, it is 
 
 to be divided among the proprietors in proportion to the respective interests, 130 
 
 To James Ynrnall, Moniocai .M. Jackson, Christian Zimmerman, Samuel W. Mor- 
 
 ris, and James Diggins, each fiftj 
 
 ' acres, 
 
 230 
 
 
 
 Total acr< 
 
 •a, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,800 
 
62 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Quantity claimed by the respective proprietors: 
 
 S. W. Morris 36,784 
 
 William Wain 13,384 
 
 Alexander Henry and others, 15,000 
 
 John Dorsey and others 2,500 
 
 Total quantity by patents, 67,568 
 
 In 661/2 tracts 65,343 
 
 Deficiency, 3,335 
 
 Following the above tabular statement is a long report from the referees 
 (Deed Book M, p. 256, Williamsport), in which they minutely describe the work of 
 division of the land among the respective claimants, and then conclude as follows: 
 
 We hereby further declare, that after mature consideration, we have not thought it 
 for the general interest of the concerned to allot the tract commonly called the "mill 
 tract, No. 1596," as on this tract — containing 990 acres — a grist and saw mill, a dwelling 
 house and other buildings, were erected by the company [Pine Creek Land Company] at 
 a considerable expense, and which, had the settlement progressed, would no doubt have 
 been of great utility to the use of the settlement; those advantages and the value of the 
 buildings are much depreciated. Now, therefore, agreeably to instructions given to us 
 to afBx a value on the said buildings and tract, after taking into consideration the present 
 unfavorable situation of the settlement, and the consequent depreciation of property, 
 such as this — which became perishable — when there is no longer any person residing on 
 it ; and as we are informed that the premises are likely to be soon deserted, we cannot, 
 under all these considerations, place a value on them of more than $2,500, which we are 
 well aware is not half the sum they would have sold for had the affairs of the company 
 been as successful as was expected when the buildings were undertaken. 
 
 May 16, 1812. 
 
 J. P. De Geucht, 
 William Cox Ellis. 
 
 The mills referred to in the foregoing were those erected by John Norris as 
 early as 1799, on the head waters of Little Pine creek, near the present 
 village of Texas, in Lycoming county. ISTorris came from Philadelphia as the 
 representative of Benjamin Wistar Morris, and the mills were known as "Morris' 
 Mills," and are so referred to in the law authorizing the opening of the State 
 road in 1799. In addition to the mills, store buildings were erected, the object 
 being to found a town on the site. The settlement did not prosper, and the value 
 of the mills and other property greatly depreciated, resulting in the failure of 
 several members of the company, and a re-allotment of the land among those re- 
 maining. 
 
 NOREIS AND BABE. 
 
 One of the first settlers in the vicinity of what is now known as Texas, just 
 over the line in Lycoming county, was John Norris. He came from Philadelphia 
 in 1799, as the representative of Benjamin Wistar Morris, and located on lands 
 covered by warrant No. 1596, and surveyed to Hewes & Fisher, members of the Pine 
 Creek Land Company. It laid about nineteen miles above the mouth of Little 
 Pine creek. Here a saw-mill and a grist-mill, known as "Morris' Mills," were built 
 with the evident purpose of founding a town. Here, also, Norris opened a school, 
 
THE PIONEERS. 63 
 
 in which himself and his wife taught, until about 1805, when he removed to the 
 "Big Marsh" near Wellsboro, and became interested with Benjamin Wistar ilorris 
 in promoting the settlement and upbuilding of the latter place. It was near 
 "Morris' Mills" that the famous "English Colony" made a settlement in ISO.j. 
 This latter place is now known as Oregon Hill, and lies in Pine township, Lycoming 
 county, near the Tioga county line. 
 
 Samson Babb settled in Morris township on the stream which bears his name, 
 in 1800. He purchased 450 acres from the Pine Creek Land Company, and built 
 a saw-mill and became a pioneer lumberman. Babb was a native of Wilmington, 
 Delaware. As his will bears date May 13, 1814, and as a bond in $4,000 was given 
 by his executors, December 14, 1814, he must have died between those dates. He 
 accumulated considerable property and made ample provision for his widow and 
 children. He also possessed some peculiar notions, for in his will he said that he 
 wished "to be buried in the northeast corner of my garden and walled in!" The 
 wall never was built, and his grave has been obliterated by a public road passing 
 over it. He left several sons and daughters, and their descendants still livo in 
 the county. 
 
 Babb's creek, which takes its name from Samson Babb, was an important 
 stream among tho Indians. Alonj; its hanks ran ime of tlieir great trails, which 
 ascended Stony Fork and passed through Wellsboro. When white men first 
 asceiHk'd iiiibb's creek by the trail, they found it well beaten into tlie f,Tound, 
 showing that it had been traveled for a long time — perhaps for hundreds of years. 
 
 The region through which it passed was wild and uninviting. Thick briars 
 and matted vines lined (he l)iiiil<s of the stream, and tall pines and hemlocks almost 
 shut out the rays of the sun with their thick foliage. The stream was filled with 
 trout. So abundant were they that with an ordinary hook and bait enough could 
 be caught in one hour to fill a larj^e basket. Wild animals, too, abounded in this 
 mountain fastness, and the rattle of the serpent made music for the ear. 
 
 HORHORS OF THE WILDERNESS. 
 
 Some idea of the horrors of this wilderness region, when Morris and his family 
 settled on the site of Wellsboro, can be learned from the experiences of Gen. John 
 Burrows, of Montoursville, who made a journey here in the winter of 1802. In 
 his little pamphlet giving some account of his life, which he prepared for his 
 descendants, he tells this thrilling story: 
 
 In 1802 I wns elected a [Lycominir] county commissioner. • • • About this time 
 I received a letter from Dr. Tate introducing Willinm Hill Wells to me, who had settled in 
 the woods [iu:ir] where Wellsboro now stands, the county seat of Tiopa. 
 
 Mr. Wells npplie<l to nic to furnish him with provisions in his new settlement. He 
 hnd broupht a number of negroes with him from the State of Delaware, where he moved 
 from. 1 put eighty-eipht hundred weight of pork on two sleds and started to (jo to him 
 with it. It was fine sleilding, but dreadful cold weather. In crossing the .\IIegheny 
 mountain the nuin I had driving one of the teams froze his feet up to his ankles. I was 
 obliged to leave hiin, and the next morning put the four horses to one sled, and the pork 
 on it, and Ktarted for Wells". I hnd Bi\ times to eross Pine creek. .V man coming into 
 the si-ttlement from that pnrt nf the county had frozen to death the day before. I passed 
 him lying in the road! 
 
^4 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The second crossing of the creek was about fifty yards wide; when the foremost 
 Jaorses g-ot to the middle of the creek the ice broke with them; the ice was about mid- 
 side deep; and in their attempting to get on the ice again, drew the other horses and 
 sled into the creek and pulled the roller out of the sled. I got the horses ashore and tied 
 them and then went back to the sled and found the water running over the pork. I had 
 to go partly under water to get an axe that was tied on the sled, to cut a road through 
 the ice to get the sled ashore. Sometimes I was in the water up to my middle, and 
 sometimes I was standing on the ice, the water following the stroke of the axe would 
 fly up, and as soon as it touched me was ice. 
 
 When I got the road cut to the shore I went to the sled, and getting a log chain, 
 reached under water and hooked it first to one runner and then to the other; then backed 
 -the horses in through the road, hitched to the sled and pulled it out. 
 
 It was now dark; I had six miles to go and four times to cross the creek, without a 
 ToUer in my sled to guide it. On descending ground it would run out of the road, when 
 I had difficulty to get it in the road again. There was not a dry thread on me, and the 
 •outside of my clothes was frozen stiff. It was twelve [midnight] o'clock before I got to 
 the mill,* the first house before me; and there were neither hay nor stable when I got 
 there. I thought my poor horses would freeze to death. 
 
 Next morning as soon as the daylight appeared, I cut a stick and put a roller to my 
 sled — the very wood seemed filled with ice. I started from there at ten o'clock, and had 
 fifteen miles to go to Wells'. The snow was two feet deep and there was scarcely a track 
 in the road. I met Mr. Wells' negro five miles this side of his house, coming to meet me, 
 on horseback, about sunset. He said there was a byroad that was a mile nearer than the 
 •one I was on, and he undertook to pilot me, but soon lost the path and we wandered 
 about among the trees till at length my sled pitched into a hole and upset. I then un- 
 hooked my horses from the sled and asked the negro if he thought he could pilot me to 
 -the house, but he acknowledged himself lost. 
 
 I looked about and took a view of the stars and started with my four horses, leaving 
 ithe pork in the wood, and fortunately reached Wells'. When I got there he had neither 
 hay nor stable, or any kind of feed, nor any place to confine my horses, and I had to tie 
 them to the trees. He had a place dug in a log that I could feed two of my horses at a 
 time! 
 
 All the buildings that he had erected were two small cabins, adjoining each other — 
 one for himself and family, about sixteen feet square, that I could not stand straight in — 
 built of logs, with bark for an upper floor, and split logs for the lower floor. The negro 
 cabin was a little larger, but built of the same material. I sat by the fire until morning. 
 It took me all that day to get my pork to the house and settle. I started the next morn-, 
 ing for home without any feed to give my horses, after they had stood there two nights, 
 and the snow was up to their bellies. I have been particular in detailing the circum- 
 .stances of this trip, leaving you to judge of the hardships that I had to endure; but it is 
 ■only a specimen of much of the kind that I have had to encounter through life. 
 
 The route traveled by General Burrows was by what is known as the "State 
 Road," built in 1799. It is described in the chapter on "Internal Improvements." 
 His description of the primitive residence of one of the pioneers of Delmar town- 
 ship will give the reader a vivid idea of the privations endured by the early settlers 
 in the wilderness. The cabin erected by Wells was located about two miles and 
 a half southwest of the site of Wellsboro. He was a brother-in-law of Benjamin 
 Wistar Morris. 
 
 TAXABLES OF 1813. 
 
 The following list of names of the taxables of the county for 1812, taken from 
 the "corrected assessment of seated and personal property" for that year, furnishes 
 
 * Supposed to have been the Morris Mills already refered to. 
 
// ^*' 'lyJao^Ajc^ 
 
THE PIONEERS. 
 
 65 
 
 the best obtainable information as to who were here as early as the close of 1811, 
 with the amount of real and personal property possessed by each person assessed. 
 This is the earliest assessment to be found on file in the commissioners' office, 
 and appears to have been the first made after the official machinery of the county 
 was in operation. The previous assessments were made under the direction of 
 the authorities of Lycoming county, to which Tioga county was attached, for 
 judicial and other purposes, for several years after its creation in 180-1. At the 
 time the assessment was made the county was divided into two townships — Tioga 
 and Delmar — the former created originally in li'J7, and the latter in 1805. 
 
 TIOGA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 AdamB, Rufus. 
 
 Adams, Timothy, 
 
 Adams, Lyman (saw-mill), 
 
 Allen, William, 
 
 Ayres, Stephen, 
 
 Allen, Charles, 
 
 Bentley, Benjamin, 
 
 Baldwin, Ebenezer, 
 
 Baker, William (tanyard), 
 
 Baldwin, Rufus, 
 
 Baldwin, Thomas (one-half saw-mill) , 
 
 Bless, Aaron, 
 
 Burley, Ebenezer, 
 
 Burley, David, 
 
 Bailey, Constant 
 
 Baker, Isaac, 
 
 Brings, Simeon, 
 
 Boylean, James, 
 
 Beneon, John, 
 
 Bud, John, 
 
 Bacon, Alvin 
 
 Bacon, Daniel 
 
 Bacon, Ebenezer 
 
 Baoon, William, 
 
 Bailey, Robert .... 
 
 Button, Alpheus, 
 
 Baldwin, Isaac (saw-mill), 
 
 Berry, Rachel 
 
 Bailey, Grlffln, 
 
 Clark, Elijah, 
 
 Cannon, Cornelius, 
 
 Cady, John 
 
 Chambers, Benjamin, 
 
 demons, David, . . . ■ • 
 
 Crandle, John, 
 
 Cannon, Jacob ... 
 
 Cannon, StiUman, 
 
 Cudworth, Paul 
 
 ('uihvnrlli, Apolloa, 
 
 <'liui-cliill, Thomas, 
 
 Corey, Jonathan, 
 
 Coroy, Jonathan, Jr 
 
 Dttgfifett, Seth 
 
 Doud, Poleg 
 
 Da^Kfott, Reuben 
 
 DoPuy, Elijah 
 
 Uartt, Joshua, 
 
 46 
 
 100 
 
 160 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 98 
 
 100 
 
 412 
 
 114 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 146 
 
 215 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 160 
 
 100 
 90 
 91 
 
 260 
 60 
 90 
 
 290 
 60 
 
 175 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 70 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 87 
 
 60 
 
 160 
 
 168 
 
 181 
 
 VALUATIO!*. 
 
 $216 00 
 
 UiO 00 
 405 00 
 76 00 
 75 00 
 10 00 
 440 00 
 :i07 60 
 160 00 
 197 00 
 818 00 
 f)-J7 00 
 •2VJ 00 
 160 00 
 ■.'IH( 00 
 •J21 00 
 
 •J7i; .')() 
 
 60 00 
 170 00 
 
 •20 00 
 237 50 
 184 00 
 
 90 00 
 167 00 
 890 00 
 
 60 00 
 458 00 
 715 00 
 
 72 60 
 3W1 00 
 
 •2(1 00 
 2t;5 00 
 
 70 00 
 153 00 
 
 87 60 
 150 00 
 
 60 00 
 215 00 
 
 IIMJ 00 
 
 $145 00 
 
 225 00 
 
 94 00 
 
 IWl 00 
 227 00 
 194 00 
 
 80 00 
 
 (1 08 
 
 08 
 
 2 02 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 06 
 
 2 26 
 
 1 98 
 
 79 
 
 98 
 
 1 69 
 
 2 68 
 1 09 
 
 75 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 10 
 
 1 3i; 
 
 30 
 
 86 
 
 10 
 
 1 18 
 
 92 
 
 45 
 
 88 
 
 1 95 
 80 
 
 2 26 
 
 3 67 
 36 
 
 1 80 
 10 
 
 1 32 
 35 
 76 
 43 
 75 
 30 
 
 1 07 
 60 
 Tl! 
 
 1 12 
 47 
 95 
 
 1 18 
 'J' 
 
 2 06 
 40 
 
66 
 
 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 VALUATION. 
 
 Elliott, Nathaniel, 
 
 Elliott, John 
 
 Everts, Solomon, 
 
 Franklin, John, 
 
 Fellows, Nathan 
 
 Fosset, Jonathan, 
 
 Greenleaf, Israel, 
 
 Goodhue, Daniel, 
 
 Gordon, John, 
 
 Gray, John, 
 
 Greeno, Moses, 
 
 Gitchell, Levi, 
 
 Gitchell, Eli, 
 
 Gitchell, Aaron, 
 
 Gray, James, 
 
 Gifford, Noah, 
 
 Gifford, Judah, 
 
 Gray, James, Jr., 
 
 Hart, George, 
 
 Hart, Adam (one still), 
 
 Hill, Nathan, 
 
 Haws, Ebenezer, 
 
 Higley, Samuel 
 
 Hughes, Henry, 
 
 Hammond, Josiah, 
 
 Hammond, Erastus, 
 
 Hammond, Joseph 
 
 Hakes, Beebe, 
 
 Harris, Alexander, 
 
 Ives, Benajah, 
 
 Ingersoll, B Montgomery, . . 
 
 IngersoU, Daniel, Jr., 
 
 Inscho, Obadiah, 
 
 Ingersoll, Daniel, 
 
 Ives, Timothy, ... 
 
 Ives, John. Jr., 
 
 Jackson, Ebenezer (tan-yard), 
 
 Jackson, Lorentes, 
 
 Jennings, Oliver 
 
 Kies, Samuel, 
 
 Kelso, John, 
 
 Kiphart, Jacob, Jr 
 
 Kiphart, Jacob, 
 
 Kies, William, ... 
 
 Kilburn, Ira, 
 
 Kelley, Nghemiah, 
 
 Losey, Jesse, , . ... 
 
 London, Benjamin, 
 
 Lamb, Gad, 
 
 Lamb, Daniel, 
 
 Lamb, Harry, 
 
 Loper, Uriah, 
 
 Lindsey, David, 
 
 Ludington, William, 
 
 Lewis, Thomas, 
 
 Lane, Allen, 
 
 Laurence, Jonathan (hatter), 
 
 Laurence, Henry (one-half a saw-mill), 
 
 Laurence, Benjamin, 
 
 King, John, 
 
 King, Simeon, 
 
 Knowlton, Henry, 
 
 McCane, Samuel, 
 
 Mudge, Aaron 
 
 Mitchell, Richard, 
 
 Maine, John (one-half a saw-mill), . . 
 
 400 
 90 
 36 
 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 
 120 
 100 
 210 
 100 
 100 
 
 73 
 400 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 
 264 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 28 
 
 200 
 82 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 300 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 122 
 100 
 6 
 150 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 239 
 
 127J 
 
 nii 
 
 50 
 173 
 100 
 150 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 50 
 50 
 150 
 50 
 100 
 865 
 160 
 
 $640 00 
 5(0 00 
 54 00 
 10 00 
 190 00 
 160 00 
 310 50 
 
 258 00 
 210 00 
 505 00 
 160 00 
 210 50 
 
 259 50 
 525 00 
 140 00 
 
 50 00 
 100 00 
 
 60 00 
 929 50 
 
 60 00 
 810 00 
 250 00 
 
 66 00 
 
 40 00 
 206 00 
 286 00 
 
 50 00 
 
 10 00 
 430 00- 
 
 50 00 
 
 40 00 
 790 00 
 
 40 00 
 470 00 
 
 10 00 
 
 55 00 
 40 00 
 
 240 00 
 
 40 00 
 
 410 00 
 
 472 00 
 
 380 00 
 
 29 00 
 
 750 00 
 
 40 00 
 
 425 00 
 
 65 00 
 
 376 00 
 
 252 50 
 
 242 50 
 
 106 00 
 
 319 50 
 
 205 00 
 
 160 00 
 
 220 00 
 
 20 00 
 
 423 00 
 
 50 00 
 
 68 00 
 
 50 00 
 
 195 00 
 
 56 00 
 140 00 
 835 00 
 375 00 
 
THE PIOXEEBS. 
 
 VALUATIOB. 
 
 Mitchell, Robert, 
 
 Mitchell, Thomas, 
 
 Middaugh, Joseph (half a whiskey-still), 
 
 Marvin John, 
 
 Miller, Jacob, 
 
 Mann, Asa, 
 
 Moore, Silas, 
 
 Miller, Joshua, 
 
 Mudge, Ira 
 
 Mudge, Joshua, 
 
 Miller, Garret, 
 
 Miller, Garret, Jr., 
 
 Miller, Samuel 
 
 Moss, David 
 
 Mosa, Benoni 
 
 Miller, David (one-half a saw-mill), . . 
 
 Miller, Vaughan, 
 
 Norton, Trueman, 
 
 Newell, John, 
 
 Nash, Noah 
 
 Nichols, David 
 
 Niles, Nathan 
 
 Overton, Thomas (half asaw-mill and half 
 
 a grist mill), 
 Orvis, Jesse, 
 
 Power. Simeon ^physician) 
 
 Prltchard, Calvin, 
 
 Prltchard, Lyman, 
 
 Plainer, Widow, 
 
 Prutsman, Jacob 
 
 Pitts, Hanover, 
 
 Pain, Clement, 
 
 Pain, David 
 
 Prentiss, Levi, 
 
 Prutsman, Nicholas 
 
 Putnam, Elijah, 
 
 Putnam, Thomas, 
 
 Rathbun, William (half a saw-mill), . . 
 
 Reep, Jacob, 
 
 Roberts. Eliza, 
 
 Rutta, Samuel, 
 
 Rowley, Nathan 
 
 Reynolds, Obadiah, 
 
 Rose, Russell 
 
 Rumsey, Noah 
 
 Rumsoy. Jeremiah, 
 
 Rexford. Thomas, 
 
 Rose, William, 
 
 Reynolds, Samuel, 
 
 Spencer, Uriah (one-half still), . . 
 
 Sullard, James, 
 
 Sutlard, Stephen 
 
 Spencer, Amos (one-half grist-mill), . . . 
 
 Snaw, Joshua, 
 
 Spencer, Mica (book store) 
 
 Sp.'iuM'i-. Jonathan L. (one-half grist-mill), 
 
 Si-ftiimii.M. Gardner 
 
 Soely, James, 
 
 Soely, Jesse, 
 
 Smith, Ui-nssohu-r. 
 
 Smith, Honjaniin, 
 
 Smith, Jcsso, 
 
 Sharp, AniliTW 
 
 Staples, Samuel 
 
 Shod, Simoon 
 
 Sharp, Cornelius 
 
 90 
 
 160 
 100 
 200 
 256 
 50 
 
 too 
 
 50 
 205 
 166 
 160 
 190 
 
 50 
 200 
 100 
 
 60 
 100 
 298 
 
 20 
 226 
 
 307 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 101 
 
 100 
 
 60 
 
 140 
 
 98 
 
 800 
 
 97 
 
 200 
 
 29 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 
 666 
 
 260 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 16 
 
 50 
 
 276 
 
 99 
 
 190 
 
 200 
 
 150 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 11 
 
 100 
 
 61 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 8 
 160 
 
 160 
 
 1390 00 
 
 80 00 
 370 00 
 150 00 
 320 00 
 360 00 
 110 00 
 
 90 00 
 170 00 
 
 86 00 
 240 00 
 166 UO 
 287 60 
 200 00 
 
 50 00 
 618 00 
 no 00 
 
 60 00 
 143 00 
 622 00 
 
 80 00 
 297 60 
 
 682 
 60 
 
 •-'02 
 ITK 
 
 :i4i) 
 
 !)C 
 680 
 
 no 
 
 300 
 
 lill! 
 
 819 
 
 168 
 
 740 
 
 630 
 
 1,879 
 
 1,020 
 
 97 
 
 To 
 
 iTi; 
 
 30 
 
 42 
 
 60 
 
 836 
 
 106 
 
 L"j2 
 
 2T0 
 
 7T0 
 
 167 
 
 107 
 
 166 
 
 169 
 
 130 
 
 V2 
 
 60 
 
 340 
 
 100 
 
 104 
 
 30 
 
 66 
 
 242 
 
 30 
 
 88 
 
 266 
 
 50 
 ftO 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 0<) 
 00 
 1)1) 
 50 
 00 
 00 
 Oi) 
 60 
 00 
 00 
 50 
 50 
 00 
 00 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 .HI 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 60 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 91 96 
 40 
 
 1 86 
 75 
 
 1 60 
 
 1 80 
 65 
 45 
 85 
 42 
 
 1 -JO 
 88 
 
 1 18 
 
 1 00 
 26 
 
 2 69 
 66 
 26 
 71 
 
 8 11 
 40 
 
 1 48 
 
 2 91 
 30 
 
 1 31 
 89 
 
 1 70 
 49 
 
 2 90 
 65 
 
 1 50 
 52 
 
 1 59 
 79 
 
 3 70 
 3 16 
 
 i; 89 
 r, 10 
 
 48 
 37 
 86 
 16 
 21 
 30 
 
 I 68 
 63 
 
 1 46 
 
 1 35 
 
 3 85 
 83 
 53 
 83 
 84 
 65 
 86 
 30 
 
 1 70 
 60 
 52 
 16 
 88 
 
 1 21 
 16 
 44 
 
 1 27 
 
68 
 
 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 VALUATION. 
 
 Taylor, Charles, 
 
 Taylor, Moses, 
 
 Trout, Adam 
 
 Vail, Levi (one-half still), 
 
 Van Campen, James, 
 
 Van Wy, Henry, 
 
 Westbrook, Samuel, 
 
 "Williams, Elisha, 
 
 Waldo, John, 
 
 "Willard. William ^one-half saw-mill). 
 
 "Wilson, Joseph, 
 
 Westbrook, Benjamin, ....... 
 
 Wilson, Thomas, ... 
 
 Wilson, John, 
 
 Walker, Daniel, 
 
 Washburn, Isaiah, Jr., 
 
 Welch, Nathaniel, Jr., 
 
 "Welch, Nathaniel, 
 
 Welch, Samuel, 
 
 "Weast, Abraham 
 
 Wood, Lemuel, 
 
 Washburn, Isaiah, 
 
 Wbitten, Luther, 
 
 Youngman, John C. 
 
 Youngman, John, 
 
 100 
 200 
 
 260 
 66 
 76 
 100 
 100 
 567 
 
 30 
 157 
 
 200 
 100 
 180 
 150 
 100 
 100 
 200 
 100 
 50 
 100 
 100 
 
 $100 00 
 203 00 
 
 '191 00 
 
 80 00 
 515 00 
 128 00 
 288 00 
 180 00 
 115 00 
 1,490 00 
 
 40 00 
 260 00 
 416 50 
 
 40 00 
 405 00 
 140 00 
 222 50 
 227 50 
 100 00 
 114 00 
 280 00 
 100 00 
 
 75 00 
 175 00 
 172 00 
 
 $ 50 
 
 1 01 
 14 
 40 
 
 2 57 
 64 
 
 1 44 
 90 
 57 
 
 7 45 
 20 
 
 1 30 
 
 2 08 
 20 
 
 2 02 
 70 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 13 
 50 
 57 
 
 1 40 
 50 
 37 
 87 
 
 The names of the following "single freemen," each of whom was assessed g, 
 tax of seventy-five cents, appear on the same list: Stephen Ayres, David 
 Burley, Ebenezer Bacon, Elisha Burk, William Biolloek, Jacob Cannon, John 
 Clark, William Cricket, John Covey, Apollos Cudworth, Paul Cudworth, jr., 
 Judah Gifford, John Hart, Elias Houghtaling, Benjamin Ives, John Ives, Jr., 
 Lorentes Jackson, Jesse Kies, Jacob Kiphart, Jr., Daniel Lamb, Harry Lamb, Benoni 
 Moss, Erastns Niles, Calvin Pritchard, N"athan Eowley, Jr., Jesse Seely, John 
 Thomson, Thomas VanCamp, and James VanCamp, Jr. 
 
 DELMAE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 VALUATION. 
 
 Alling'ton, John, 
 
 Allington, William, 
 
 - Austin, Caleb, 
 
 Atkins, Samuel, 
 
 Bailey, Roswell, 
 
 Bonney, Thomas, 
 
 Babb, Samson (saw-mill), ... 
 
 Baldwin, Isaac (saw-mill), 
 
 Blanohard, Charles (one-third saw-mill), 
 Bulkley, Israel (distillery), ....... 
 
 Bonney, Jonathan, 
 
 Bowen, Emmer (one-half a saw-mill), . . 
 
 Bloss, borman, 
 
 Baker, Abisha (town lot), 
 
 Blanchard, Abner, 
 
 Burdick, Jesse, 
 
 Beecher, Thomas (one-third grist-mill). . 
 Beecher, Hopestill (one-third grist-mill), 
 Beecher, John (one-third grist mill), . . 
 
 60 
 150 
 100 
 
 100 
 42 
 100 
 400 
 246 
 350 
 50 
 129 
 
 98 
 
 50 
 160 
 160 
 
 $97 00 
 304 00 
 148 00 
 
 12 00 
 153 00 
 
 54 00 
 435 50 
 920 00 
 648 50 
 943 00 
 
 82 00 
 448 50 
 
 12 00 
 
 26 72 
 310 00 
 
 60 00 
 240 00 
 654 On 
 613 00 
 
 i 48 
 
 1 52 
 74 
 06 
 76 
 27 
 
 2 17 
 4 60 
 
 3 24 
 
 4 71 
 41 
 
 2 24 
 06 
 13 
 
 1 55 
 
 30 
 
 1 20 
 
 3 27 
 3 06 
 
THE FIONEEBS. 
 
 09 
 
 HORSES- OXEH. 
 
 TALCiTION. 
 
 Bryant, David, 
 
 Bowen, Zadoc, 
 
 Cheney, Alpheus (two town lots), . . . . 
 
 Culver, Timothy, 
 
 Colvin, Joshua, 
 
 Coates, Frederick, 
 
 Cook, Levi, 
 
 Colvin, Joseph, 
 
 Costley, James, 
 
 Carpenter, Samuel, 
 
 Cook, Reuhen, 
 
 Coates, Lintsford, 
 
 Culver, Amasa (one-third saw-mill), . . . 
 Coates, Timothy (moved away). 
 
 (jady, Abel, 
 
 Clooa, Newbury, 
 
 Carpenter, Charles, 
 
 Cady, Curtis 
 
 Carpenter, Jedediah, 
 
 Dill, Samuel, 
 
 Darling, Stephen 
 
 Ellis, Richard 
 
 Furman, Josiah, . . • 
 
 Freeman, Ichabod, 
 
 Faulkner, John, 
 
 Faulkner, William, 
 
 Faulkner, Joseph, 
 
 Flurance. Peter, 
 
 Fisher, Samuel W. (grist-mill and saw- 
 mill) 
 
 Furman, Aaron, 
 
 Fish, Joseph, 
 
 Greenleaf, Israel 
 
 Gaylord, Jonathan, 
 
 Goodwin, Richard, 
 
 Gardner, John (moved away). 
 
 Graves, John, 
 
 George, Bedford 
 
 Greenleaf, David 
 
 GiUet, Aaron 
 
 GiUet, Aaron, Jr., 
 
 Hill, William (three town lots) 
 
 Hotchkisa, Harris, 
 
 Hazlett, Samuel (one-hall a saw-mill), - . 
 
 Howland, Eddy, 
 
 Hill, Elihii 
 
 Holden, William 
 
 Hill, Ebenezer 
 
 Hoadley, William, 
 
 Hammond, David, 
 
 Ives, Roswell 
 
 Ives, Timothy (one town lot), 
 
 Ives, John (2d), 
 
 Ives, Titus, 
 
 Johnson, Joseph ••.... 
 
 Jackson, Lorontes, 
 
 Jay, David, 
 
 Joseph, John 
 
 Jordan, Daniel 
 
 Knox, Margaret 
 
 Kelsoy, Joseph 
 
 Kelsey, Daniel 
 
 Kent, Jaboz, 
 
 Llndsey, David (three town lots), . . . 
 
 Lapbam, Jesse 
 
 Losey, Jesse, 
 
 80 
 
 212 
 
 200 
 
 60 
 
 68 
 
 50 
 
 62 
 100 
 
 75 
 125 
 
 64 
 60 
 
 1,000 
 200 
 
 40 
 148 
 100 
 
 60 
 
 200 
 60 
 60 
 
 600 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 400 
 100 
 340 
 
 200 
 100 
 800 
 160 
 6 
 100 
 
 200 
 300 
 100 
 
 26 
 160 
 400 
 100 
 
 •2b 
 
 80 
 100 
 180 
 100 
 100 
 
 160 
 260 
 126 
 
 1 
 4 
 2i 
 
 •I 
 
 $102 00 
 30 00 
 
 116 44 
 313 00 
 445 0» 
 234 00 
 
 ; 2o2 00 
 : 234 W 
 
 ! 12 IK I 
 
 ! 03 00 
 
 271 
 
 15" 00 
 
 I 883 00 
 
 •22 00 
 
 I 886 00 
 
 2IMI 00 
 
 22 ' 
 
 l.i 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 87 00 
 
 1,147 00 
 
 1 4911 60 
 
 72 00 
 
 2'.iM 00 
 
 •422 00 
 
 210 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 844 00 
 
 f 135 00 
 I 80 00 
 
 781 00 
 I 82 00 
 
 352 00 
 
 j •12 00 
 
 «77 00 
 
 I 100 00 
 
 ' 360 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 325 66 
 
 i 161 00 
 
 i 800 50 
 
 607 00 
 
 I 46 00 
 
 100 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 201 00 
 
 618 00 
 
 168 00 
 
 52 22 
 
 336 00 
 
 677 OO 
 
 117 00 
 87 60 
 12 00 
 
 167 00 
 224 00 
 477 00 
 377 00 
 148 00 
 12 00 
 2m I 16 
 301 00 
 198 00 
 
 $ 
 
 51 
 16 
 58 
 
 1 66 
 
 2 22 
 1 17 
 
 1 41 
 
 1 17 
 06 
 46 
 
 1 35 
 76 
 
 1 91 
 
 11 
 68 
 00 
 11 
 07 
 06 
 18 
 78 
 49 
 36 
 49 
 11 
 08 
 06 
 
 4 22 
 67 
 40 
 
 8 66 
 41 
 
 1 76 
 
 21 
 8 88 
 
 60 
 1 80 
 
 06 
 1 62 
 
 80 
 4 00 
 3 08 
 
 28 
 
 50 
 
 06 
 
 1 00 
 
 2 66 
 84 
 26 
 
 I 68 
 
 8 88 
 
 58 
 
 18 
 06 
 88 
 
 1 12 
 
 2 38 
 1 88 
 
 74 
 
 06 
 
 1 40 
 
 1 80 
 
 99 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OY TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 VALUATION. 
 
 Log-an, Paul, 
 
 Matteson, Alexander, 
 
 Matteson, Solomon, 
 
 Matteson, Jonathan, 
 
 Merrick, Israel, ..... .... 
 
 Mann, Nathaniel, 
 
 Manning-, Thomas, 
 
 Mitchell, William 
 
 Miller, Samuel, 
 
 Matteson, James, 
 
 Mead, Nathan fmoved away), 
 
 Merrick, Israel, Jr., 
 
 Morris, Samuel W. (eight town lots), . . 
 
 Mathers, John 
 
 Morris, Benjamin Wistar, 
 
 Mann, Asa 
 
 Moore, Mordecai, 
 
 Murry, Eben, 
 
 Niles, Aaron, 
 
 Niles, Nathan, 
 
 Niles, Nathan, Jr., 
 
 Norris, John (two and one-third town lots), 
 
 Phillips, Spencer, 
 
 Pierce, Baker, 
 
 Phillips, Daniel, 
 
 Parker, John, 
 
 Place, Asa 
 
 Prentiss, Thomas, 
 
 Rexford, Simon, 
 
 Ryers, .John P., 
 
 Read, Daniel, . 
 
 Ryon, John, 
 
 Rathbun, Thomas (one-third saw-mill), 
 
 Robinson, Joseph, 
 
 Shed, Simeon, 
 
 Steele, Robert, 
 
 Sligh (Sly), Henry (one town lot), . . . 
 
 Starkweather, Elijah, 
 
 Shumway, Peter 
 
 Short, Reuben, 
 
 Scott, Luke, 
 
 Strait, Jonathan, 
 
 Streeter, Widow, 
 
 Strait, David 
 
 Seely, Nathaniel 
 
 Short, John, '. 
 
 Short, Benoni, 
 
 Short, Asa, 
 
 Seelye, Ebenezer (one-half saw-mill), . 
 
 Strawbridge, George 
 
 Sweet, John, [ 
 
 Swimeley, Joseph '. 
 
 ^ Schoonover, Christopher, 
 
 Seely, Benjamin 
 
 Stiles, Jonathan, 
 
 Seelye, Julius, 
 
 Strait, James, 
 
 Salsbury, Benjamin, 
 
 Spencer, Uriah, 
 
 Short, David, 
 
 Thompson, Bethlehem (grist-mill), . . 
 
 Taylor, Widow, 
 
 Taylor, Samuel 
 
 Taylor, Ebenezer .... 
 
 Tubbs, Samuel, 
 
 Taylor, Silas, 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 63 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 20 
 
 300 
 
 100 
 
 126 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 776 
 
 675 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 170 
 300 
 100 
 150 
 120 
 120 
 100 
 
 80 
 100 
 116 
 160 
 150 
 400 
 100 
 
 60 
 250 
 250 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 80 
 
 120 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 466 
 
 9 
 
 64 
 
 90 
 
 269 
 
 80 
 100 
 169 
 
 73 
 407 
 200 
 100 
 225 
 650 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 8 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 8 
 2 
 1 
 
 $100 00 
 267 00 
 
 189 00 
 264 00 
 
 190 00 
 172 00 
 357 00 
 161 00 
 198 00 
 
 40 00 
 
 881 50 
 
 1,117 26 
 
 187 00 
 
 102 00 
 25 00 
 
 194 50 
 82 00 
 50 00 
 
 233 00 
 366 80 
 188 00 
 282 00 
 267 00 
 231 00 
 182 00 
 
 25 00 
 374 00 
 300 00 
 
 234 00 
 258 00 
 400 00 
 680 00 
 153 00 
 
 62 00 
 
 76 72 
 296 00 
 312 00 
 
 60 00 
 206 00 
 
 12 00 
 115 00 
 177 00 
 256 50 
 
 96 00 
 112 00 
 122 50 
 1,043 00 
 ,45 00 
 314 00 
 
 188 00 
 20 00 
 42 00 
 
 438 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 160 50 
 
 189 00 
 171 00 
 133 00 
 888 00 
 680 00 
 162 00 
 795 00 
 
 1,408 00 
 62 00 
 
 ! 50 
 
 1 33 
 
 94 
 
 1 27 
 
 95 
 
 86 
 
 1 78 
 80 
 99 
 20 
 
 4 40 
 
 5 58 
 93 
 
 2 00 
 51 
 13 
 97 
 41 
 25 
 
 1 16 
 
 94 
 
 1 41 
 
 1 33 
 
 1 15 
 
 91 
 
 12i 
 
 1 87 
 
 1 50 
 
 1 17 
 
 1 29 
 
 2 00 
 
 3 40 
 
 76 
 
 26 
 
 38 
 
 1 48 
 
 1 66 
 
 30 
 
 1 03 
 
 06 
 
 57 
 
 88 
 
 1 28 
 
 47 
 
 56 
 
 61 
 
 5 22 
 
 22 
 
 1 67 
 
 94 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 2 19 
 
 06 
 
 80 
 
 69 
 
 85 
 
 66 
 
 4 44 
 
 3 40 
 
 81 
 
 8 97 
 
 7 04 
 
 31 
 
COUXTT OBGAXIZATIOX COMPLETED. 
 
 71 
 
 ACBES- HOB3ES- 1 OZE9. COWS. VALCATIOS. ! TAX. 
 
 Thomas, Ezekiel, . . . 
 Tuttle, Ay res (grist-mill,) 
 Thomas, Jonathan, . . . 
 Tuttle, Sheldon, .... 
 Van Natta, Jacob, . . . 
 
 White, Elisha, 
 
 Williams, Robert, . . . 
 
 Williams, Bob, 
 
 Wright, Cyprian, .... 
 Wheeler, Orva, . . 
 Willard, Oliver, .... 
 Yarnall, James, 
 
 50 
 100 
 
 50 
 100 
 
 45 
 100 
 100 
 
 98 
 100 
 •20O 
 
 1 ! 2 
 
 I 
 
 $ 53 00 
 333 00 
 111 00 
 167 50 
 
 67 50 
 223 00 
 208 00 
 
 12 00 
 
 3 47 
 
 102 00 
 
 247 00 
 
 69 00 
 
 $ 
 
 26 
 1 66 
 
 55 
 
 84 
 
 33 
 1 Hi 
 1 04 
 
 06 
 1 73 
 
 51 
 1 123 
 
 34 
 
 The names of the following "single freemen" also appear on the same list, 
 each of whom was taxed seventy-five cents: Eli Abbott, Sylvester Bailey, Samson 
 
 Babb, Jr., Royal Blanchard, Edmijah Blanchard, Blanchani. Zadoc 
 
 Bowen, Isaac Gaylord, David Greenleaf, John Hazlett, David Henry, William 
 Holden, John McKinley, William Mathias, and Israel Merrick, Jr. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 COUNTY OEGANIZATION COMPLETED. 
 
 Location of County Seat— Trustees Appointed— Proposals fdr a Site Ad 
 VERTiSED PoK— The Offer of Benjamin Wistar Morris Accepted - Location 
 Made— Why Named Wellsborough— A Town Laid Out— Activity of Morris- 
 Delmar Township Formed— First Commissioners— Early Financial State- 
 ments—Other Statistical Information— Growth of Population by Decades. 
 
 IT has been shown that Tioga county was erected March 26, 180-1. After this 
 enact mont the political affairs of the country seem to have remained in abeyanee 
 for about two years. This was doubtless caused by the sparseness of the popula- 
 tion and tlie fact that the territory had belonged to Lycoming. By the act of 
 Eebrunry I?, 1806, the powers of the commissioners of Lycoming were extended to 
 the districts of Potter and Tioga counties. In other words, a protectorate, so to 
 speak, was to be exercised over them until they were sufficiently strong to set up 
 business for themselves. It was made the duty of the commissioners of the 
 mother county to keep distinct accounts of the moneys collected from each of the 
 aforcMiid difitriets, and the recorder of deeds of Lyeoming county was required 
 to provide a sejiarate hook for recording the deeds for lands lying within the 
 res|>e(tive counties of Tiojra and Potter. The deed book for Tioga is written in the 
 beautiful round hand of John Kidd, who was the first officer appointed liy (Jovernor 
 
72 HISTORY OF TIOQA COUNTY. 
 
 MifSin for Lycoming comity, and during the first few years of the existence of 
 that county he held all the offices in the court house, except sherifE and coroner. 
 This deed book is known as N"o. 1 in the register and recorder's office at Wellsboro. 
 He wrote with a quill pen and his writing is noted for its plainness, uniformity 
 and simplicity. 
 
 The act of March 36, 1804, states that the coimty seat "shall be fixed by 
 the legislature at any place at a distance not greater than seven miles from the 
 center of the county, which may be most beneficial and conTenient for the people." 
 This clause may be attributed to the foresight or sagacity of Benjamin Wistar 
 Morris, agent for the Pine Creek Land Company. 
 
 Three trustees were authorized by the legislature to be appointed to supervise 
 the affairs of Tioga and select a site for the county seat. John Fleming and 
 William Ellis, of Lycoming, and William Hill Wells, of Tioga, were appointed. 
 The latter was a brother-in-law of Morris, and a son of Ellis married a daughter of 
 Morris. Under these conditions it requires no stretch of the imagination to arrive 
 at the conclusion that a majority of the trustees would favor Morris in the selec- 
 tion of the county seat. 
 
 The following advertisement appeared January 35, 1806, in Paulson's Ameri- 
 can Daily Advertiser, published in Philadelphia: 
 
 TYOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The subscribers having received official information of their having been appointed 
 by the governor trustees for the county of Tyoga, hereby give public notice that they are 
 ready to receive proposals for a scite or scites for the county tovv^n, and to perform such 
 other duties as the law governing their appointment requires; the increasing population 
 near the center of said county rendering it probable that the subject may be brought 
 before the ensuing legislature for final arrangements. 
 
 John Fleming, 
 Williamsport, Lycoming county. William Hill Wells, 
 
 December 11, 1805. Willlim Ellis. 
 
 All the preliminaries having been completed, Morris at once proposed to con- 
 vey a certain number of acres to the trustees on which to locate the county 
 buildings. The offer being satisfactory to these officials, an act was approved 
 March 31, 1806, fixing the seat of justice at Wellsboro, and the trustees were 
 authorized to survey a certain tract of land to include the said town, and to lay 
 out a lot for the public buildings, and take a deed in fee simple for one half of 
 said tract and lots for the use of the county, and have it recorded in Lycoming 
 coimty; to sell the town lots and execute deeds therefor to the purchasers, and 
 reserve the proceeds thereof for the use of the county. It was furthermore' stip- 
 ulated that within six months after the organization of the county the trustees were 
 to surrender their trust to the commissioners of the county, who were to complete 
 the duties to be performed. The trustees were also required to file a draft of 
 their survey in the recorder's office of Lycoming or Tioga counties. This was 
 complied with and the deed and draft may be seen in Deed Book 1, p. 1, Tioga 
 county. 
 
 July 14, 1806, Benjamin Wistar Morris and his wife, Mary Wells Morris, 
 
COUNTY ORGANIZATION COMPLETED. 
 
 conveyed to John Fleming, William Hill Wells and William Ellis, "one full 
 and equal moiety," with the usual allowances, etc., of 150 acres of land, agree- 
 ably to the proposals made by Mr. Morris to the legislature. This land was 
 originally taken up in the name of James Stewart, and is fully described in the 
 deed, recorded September 6, 1806. The conveyance was made to the above 
 named persons as trustees "for the use of Tioga county forever." 
 
 This tract of 150 acres commenced at the intersection of the Delmar and 
 State roads and included the settlement of ilr. Morris. This State road, built 
 in 1799, from Newberry to the 109lh mile-stone, had become an important thor- 
 oughfare at the time the county seat was located. The selection of this site was 
 the culmination of the plans of Mr. Morris, backed by the influence of the 
 Pine Creek Land Company, for the purpose of founding a town and therefore 
 enhancing the value of the lands. 
 
 VFHY N.VMEJJ WELLSBOROUGH. 
 
 When Morris succeeded in carrying out his plans, by having the county seat 
 of Tioga located at the place he had selected, and the trust tts had formally 
 accepted the same, he named it "Wellsborough" (now by common consent spelled 
 "Wellsboro") in honor of his wife, Jlary Ilill Wells, who was a sister of Gideon 
 and William Hill Wells. Mrs. Morris had shared his trials and tribulations in 
 the wilderness and he felt that to her was due the conijiliment of having Iut name 
 perpetuated in this way. The compliment was worthily bestowed, for she was a 
 good woman. She was bom in Philadelphia Septemlirr 10, 17ill, and died in 
 Wellsboro, November (i, 1819. She was reared in the Quaker faith and always 
 wore the garb of those people. The Wells family came from 1 Delaware, and brought 
 with them four slaves — "Uncle Eben Murry and his wife. Aunt Hetty" — who 
 became very worthy citizens of the new town and were greatly resjieeted by the 
 people — and Elias Spencer and his wife, Maria. After a few years" residence here 
 Mr. Wells moved back to Philadelphia, and the tradition is that he gave his 
 farm to Uncle Eben. Mention is made by General Burrows, when he was flounder- 
 ing in the snow and searching for Mr. Wells' house, of mectini: one of these slaves 
 on horseback, who undertook to pilot him to the house. Other interests probably 
 called the Wells family away and the fact of their being among the early settlers 
 was almost forgotten. 
 
 Morris and his party, however, did not secure the county seat without en- 
 countering opposition. Parties living at what was then known as Willardsburg, 
 but now the borough of Tioj:a, made an effort to induce the trustees to select their 
 place for the county seat, but failed on account of the influence against them being 
 too great. The contention, of course, engendered some bitterness, which lasted 
 for years, but the softening influence of time has removed all feeling. 
 
 A TOWN LAID OIT. 
 
 Tiie TiofTU county trustees were authorized by the act to enlarge tlie ground 
 plot of Wellsboro and to lay off and fix convenient lots, not exceeding two acres. 
 for the public buildings. The balance of the ground was to lie laid out in lots 
 
74 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and offered for sale, and the trustees were authorized to appropriate part of the 
 moneys arising from these sales to open the streets and lanes of the town and to 
 clean the land of timber and lease the same. 
 
 These duties haying been performed, the act empowered the people to elect 
 a board of county commissioners at the October election, 1808, when the powers 
 of the commissioners of Lycoming county over Tioga should cease; but the court 
 of Lycoming county was required to appoint auditors from time to time to audit 
 the accounts until the new county was entitled to exercise full judicial privileges. 
 The costs of laying out and opening roads, and of criminal prosecutions and other 
 incidental expenses relative to Tioga, were to be paid by the treasurer of Tioga on 
 orders drawn by the commissioners of Lycoming county and countersigned by the 
 commissioners of Tioga. 
 
 ACTIVITY OF JIOHKIS. 
 
 While negotiations were pending for the location of the new town, Morris and 
 his friends were not idle. As soon as the act of March 21, 1806, fixing the seat of 
 justice, had become a law, Morris proceeded to announce the sale of lots. The 
 following advertisement appeared in the Lycoming Gazette, under date of Novem- 
 ber 13, 1806, offering superior inducements to purchasers: 
 
 Lots and Lands in and near Wellslorough, the County Town of Tioga, State of Pennsylvania, 
 
 for sale. 
 
 The County Town of Tioga, called Wellsborough, having been established by an act of 
 the Legislature, on that part of the lands of the subscriber on which he resides, and he be- 
 ing desirous that the county should be as early as possible entitled by its population to a 
 separate representation in the Legislature, offers to the first ten families who shall pur- 
 chase and reside in the said County Town, the following advantageous terms, etc. 
 
 Their choice of one lot each, at twenty dollars, situate in such part of the town as 
 they shall select; every lot is sixty feet front and 250 in depth; and also the privilege 
 of purchasing an out lot of fifty acres adjoining to the town, at two dollars and fifty 
 cents per acre, payable in four, five and six years, the first three without interest. The 
 proprietors of the lands [Pine Creek Land Company] in the vicinity of the town also offer 
 to the first ten families, so purchasing and residing, the privilege of accommodating 
 themselves with Farms of from 100 to 200 acres at the same price of two dollars and fifty 
 cents per acre, and on the same terms of payment. 
 
 The town of Wellsborough is laid out on the same plan as the City of Philadelphia, and 
 near the center of the new county, and is surrounded by a large body of lands of the first 
 quality. A grist mill, a saw mill, and a store, are situated within one mile of the town, 
 and the State road to the Genesee country passes through it. For more particular in- 
 formation apply to 
 
 Benjamin W. Mobris, 
 On the premises, or to 
 Samuel W. Fisher, 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 November 13, 1806. ^ 
 
 Compared with the price of land here to-day, the above offer is calculated 
 to excite surprise at its cheapness ninety years ago. And it shows, also, the great 
 appreciation in values during that period — an advance that mounts up into a high 
 percentage. 
 
COUNIY OBQANIZAXIOX COMPLSTBS. 75 
 
 The act of February 1, 1808, authorized the appointment of James Dixon, 
 of Delaware, and Samuel \\ ells Morris, of Wellsboro, trustees, in place of William 
 lillifl, deceased, and William Hill Wells, who had resigned and settled at Trenton. 
 The act conferred upon Dixon, Morris and Fleming, the same powers that had been 
 exercised by the original board. 
 
 DELMAB TOWNSHIP FOBMED. 
 
 It has been shown in Chapter Hi. when Tioga township was sui oh from 
 Lycommg. In all previously publisheu lustories ol Tioga county u is stated that 
 Delinar was formed by dividuig iidga in i»U8. lino is incorrect, in the records 
 of May seBsions, 1805, is this entry: "'fetition to divide Tioga township granted by 
 the court as per petition filed. The coui-t appointed W'ilham lienjamin to run 
 the township line." The decree for the division of Tioga township was made by 
 Judge Wilham Hepburn, sitting at Williaiuspoi-t, where all the judicial business of 
 Tioga county was transacted until the close of 181^. in Benjamin? report he 
 says: "Began at the i)'6d mile-stone, on the A'ew York State line; theuee south 
 twenty-five miles to the Brier Hills, and thence to the line of Miillin and Lycoiuing 
 townships," in Lycoming county. 
 
 This is positive and official evidence that Delmar was created in 180.3. At 
 that time Tioga township embraced the whole of Tioga county, and as Delmar 
 was the name of the divided portion of the original township, there is no doubt 
 that its organization was authorized at this time. Delmar was not interfered with 
 until 1814, nine years after its creation, when Dueifield and Elklaml tiiwnshipa 
 were set off. When this division was made, in 181-1, the surveyor drew a draft of 
 Delmar, as it appeared when dismembered, wliich is now on tile at Wellsboro. The 
 eastern line commenced at the 93d mile-stone, on the New York boundary line, and 
 extended south to the line of Lycoming county. The western boundary was the I'utli-r 
 county line, which commences at the ll.'ith niile-stone. The township, by this • 
 measurement, was twenty-two by thirty-one miles, almost S(|uare, and contained 
 082 square miles, or 43(1,480 acres. As the entire county i.s shown to have but 
 719,360 acres, it will be seen that Delmar was then much larger than Tioga, the 
 parent township. 
 
 We have further evidence that Delmar was a township before the time (1808) 
 assigned for its beginning in previous histories of the county. In a little book 
 containing a record of orders issued by the commissioners of Lycoming county in 
 1807, we have the following: 
 
 July 0, 1807, John Norrls and Timothy Coats, supervisors of roads for Delmar town- 
 ship. Road tax on unseated lands for the year 1807, on account Tioga county : 
 
 Order No. 96 »60 00 
 
 Order No. 07, 60 00 
 
 Order No. 98 50 00 
 
 Order No. 99 60 00 
 
 Order No. 100 137 69 
 
 Order No. 101 200 00 
 
 Order No. 102 100 00 
 
 Order No. 108 21 69 
 
 ToUl t'''-'' 88 
 
76 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 It does not appear why these eight different orders should be issued on the 
 same day — July 6, 1807. But they show very clearly that a township organization 
 existed in the first half of 1807. It is probable, therefore, that the township 
 machinery was started in 1806 and w^as fairly in running order in 1807. 
 
 Immediately following the foregoing road tax orders is No. 104, which reads 
 as follows: 
 
 July 6, 1807, Timothy Coats in full for one full grown wolf head, certified by John 
 Norris, Esq., Tioga county, $8.00. 
 
 The securing of wolf and panther scalps, and the collection of the bounties 
 thereon, was one of the industries of the pioneers in those days; and, as has been 
 shown elsewhere, it amounted to a handsome sum in the aggregate. Norris and 
 Coats, as road supervisors, had an excellent opportunity to acq\iire a few dollars 
 in this line, as the country was wild and these animals were among its principal 
 productions. 
 
 FIEST COMMISSrONEES. 
 
 At the October election of 1808 the first commissioners for Tioga county 
 were chosen. The board consisted of Nathan Niles, Caleb Boyer, and Ira Kilburn. 
 The board does not seem to ha-\ e done much the first year, probably on account of 
 the unsettled condition of affairs with reference to Lycoming county. 
 
 One of their first acts— the first of any importance — which is found entered on 
 the minute book, still preserved in the office, is dated June 23, 1809, and reads as 
 follows : 
 
 At a meeting of the commissioners at the house of David Lindsay it was resolved that 
 every person who purchases a lot in the town of Wellsborough shall be obliged to build a 
 house fit for a family to dwell in ; and at the time of the purchaser's receiving his deed 
 he shall sign an article with the commissioners which shall compel him to build his 
 house within the term of one year from the time he engages his lot. 
 
 Nathan Niles, 
 Caleb Boyee, 
 
 lEA KiLBUEN, 
 
 Com. 
 
 This was an imperative order, and was probably made for the purpose of 
 preventing speculators from bujang the lots and then holding them for an advance 
 in prices. It was particularly desirable to have lona fide settlers in order to build 
 up the town as rapidly as possible. 
 
 In 1809 the board consisted of George Hart, Nathan Niles, and Uriah 
 Spencer, Kilbum having retired at the end of one year. At a meeting held 
 January 1, 1810, it was resolved by the board "that the sum of $1,773 appears 
 to us to be necessary to meet the current expenses of the ensuing year, and that 
 it is necessary to lay the rates, both on real and personal property made taxable, 
 at three-fourths of a cent on each dollar of the present valuation." This estimate 
 is officially signed by the board, and compared with the annual estimates of to-day 
 it will surprise the commissioners as well as the taxpayers. 
 
COUNTY OBGAXIZATION COMPLETED. 
 
 EAELY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 
 
 The general expenses of Tioga county in account with the funds of said countj', 
 commencing November 30, 1808, and ending October 5, 1809, shows her financial 
 condition the first year her commissioners had charge of county affairs. The 
 statement as printed in the Lycoming Gazette of that year is as follows: 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To sundry incidental expenses, $13 00 
 
 To East and West road 3 75 
 
 To Ira Kilburn, commissioner, 77 19 
 
 To John Norris, for clerk hire, 133 22 
 
 To Nathan Niles, commissioner, 81 33 
 
 To supervisors of Tioga township 358 39 
 
 To Caleb Boyer, commissioner 5 33 
 
 To Samuel W. Morris, treasurer 106 54 
 
 To total expenses of East and West road, 2,416 49 
 
 To wolf and panther heads, 144 00 
 
 To expenses of assessment, 22 00 
 
 To supervisors of Delmar township, 172 20 
 
 Total $3,833 44 
 
 Contra — Cr. 
 
 By the tax on unseated lands for Delumr township for the ^ear ISUU, $051 llVi 
 
 By road tax for the year 1809 051 liy. 
 
 By the tax upon unseated lands for Tioga township for the year lso'.» 540 57 
 
 By road taxes S'"' ^' 
 
 By the amount of taxes ou the seated lands, and other taxable property 
 
 of Delmar township tor the year 1809, 181 lio^j 
 
 By the amount of taxes on the seated lands, and other taxable property 
 
 of Tioga township for the year 1809 1S2 28 
 
 Balance i-i'''' 1^% 
 
 Total $3,833 44 
 
 The amount of orders issued by the commissioners from Xovembf r 30, 1808, to 
 October 5, 1809, which follows the above expense account, shows a total of $3,U'J7.21. 
 It is interesting to look over this itemized account. There are many orders for work 
 on the roads — in fact the bulk of the disbursements was for work of this kind. The 
 fact that fierce wild animals abounded at that time is evidenced by the payment of 
 $(;i for eight panthers heads, and $7;' for tho heads of nine wolves. Eight dollars 
 per head was the bounty paid for the dustniction of these animals. John Norris, 
 whom it seems was called upon in those early days to fill many offices, was paid 
 $tiO for clerk's waj;us, and he received if-iTO for performing the duties of super- 
 visor. Aaron Bloss, the founder of Blossbiirg, was paid $50 for serving as super- 
 visor also. Eoads were in their primitive condition at that time, and many were 
 little better than Indian paths. 
 
 The account of Sanniel Wells Morris, the first treasurer of the county, com- 
 mencing October 20, 1808, and ending October 5. 18U1», contrasts strangely with sim- 
 ilar statements of to-day. It was published in the Lycoming Guzelte of Decenihtr 
 13, 1809, and is as follows: 
 
78 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. 
 To amount of taxes received on unseated lands,. 
 
 Ditto, of collectors, 
 
 Sale of town lots and lands 
 
 Balance due treasurer. 
 
 Contra — Cr. 
 
 By amount of orders paid 
 
 By amount of orders paid, 
 
 Salary, 
 
 $97 63 
 
 124 
 
 3S 
 
 188 
 
 71 
 
 $413 69 
 
 93 
 
 13 
 
 $503 
 
 81 
 
 $379 67 
 
 49 
 
 14 
 
 75 
 
 00 
 
 $503 81 
 
 Two of the commissioners, Nathan Niles and Ira Kilbum, certify that they 
 have examined the account of the treasurer and find it correct, whereupon they 
 set their hands and seals. The statement is also attested by John Norris, the first 
 clerk of the board. Compared with the pay of the county treasurer of to-day, 
 the salary of $75 paid Treasurer Morris eighty-eight years ago sounds strange. 
 To-day the office is probably worth $3,500 to the incumbent, and the increase 
 shows the advance in material development and prosperity. 
 
 Nothing further of importance is found on the minute book until we come to 
 1813, when the following itemized estimate of expenses for 1813 appears: 
 
 COMMISSIONEE'S OFFICE, Nov. 5, ISlg. 
 
 Memorandum of the probable expenses of the county of Tiog-a for the year 1813, done 
 by the board of commissioners at this meeting', viz: 
 
 Boards and work for court room, $100 00 
 
 Four grand juries, 34 men, three days each, 200 00 
 
 Four common juries, 36 men, four days each / 576 OO 
 
 Wood, candles, crier, etc., for court, XOO 00 
 
 Prothonotary and commissioners office, to be built 300 00 
 
 Commissioners and clerk's wages, 40o oO 
 
 Treasurer's salary, 400 00 
 
 Wolf and panther scalps 30o oO 
 
 J^il *ees 50 00 
 
 Viewing roads 100 00 
 
 Building of a jail ' 400 00 
 
 Assessors wages, 30 00 
 
 Seals for the diif erent offices 60 00 
 
 '^°*^' •■ $3,016 00 
 
 One cent- on the dollar was laid. The estimate is signed by Eddy Rowland 
 alone, as commissioner, and attested by John Norris, clerk. 
 
 The minute books of the commissioners, from 1815 to 1820, are missing, so 
 that a detailed statement of the financial transactions of those years cannot be 
 given. From the journals, however, the following figures, representing expendi- 
 tures for the years named, have been gathered: 
 
CODXTT ORGAXIZATION COMPLETED. 
 
 1814 $3,514 
 
 1815, 4,725 
 
 1825 4,937 
 
 1826, 8,080 
 
 1827 $6,130 
 
 1828 6,350 
 
 1829, 7,480 
 
 1830 7,505 
 
 A published statement of the quota of taxes for the several townships in the 
 county for the year 1819 — found in a copy of the Lycoming Gazette of ^larch 10, 
 1819, supplies, to a certain extent, the missing information for one of the years in 
 the above table. It is as follows: 
 
 Township. Improved. Un.'enlcd. Total amt. 
 
 Delmar, $254 30 $1,095 35 $1,349 65 
 
 Deerfield 184 73 326 12 469 86 
 
 Elkland 102 06 252 40 354 46 
 
 Lawrence 149 66 134 17 283 83 
 
 Tioga 95 83 141 04 236 87 
 
 Covington, 120 38 506 28 i.L'C, 65 
 
 Sullivan, 8fi 19 :MT 81 4-'7 .".0 
 
 Jackson, 4 'J 19 203 76 252 95 
 
 $3,991 77 
 AsBessments on the unseated lands, as returned by the supervisors of roads 
 
 for the year 1819 1,841 43 
 
 Total $5,833 20 
 
 The statement of orders issued by the commissioners, from Si])ti'mber LS, 
 1817, to September 19, 1818, shows a total of $.3,913.00. Among the items is one 
 of $566 for grand and traverse jurors, this being thu largest .'ium paid by the 
 county for any single purpose, except for payments made tu sujjcrvisor;;, which was 
 $1,811.43. I'or panther and wolve.'* heads $136 was paid. CandUs for the otlioe.s 
 cost $4, and $142.87 was paid for wood i'or the offices and jail. Stmionery cost 
 $10, and John M. lulburn received $'27 for serving a^ court crier. Public printing 
 cost $45, and William Patton, the first resident lawyer, was paid $r2.54 counsel 
 fees. The total pay of the three eoiiiinissioners for the year was $373, and the 
 liij,'hest amount paid was $I.)1 to John Kno.x; the other two reeeived, respectively, 
 $120 and $10:3. 
 
 The earlier growth of the county was slow. In 1800 the census returns 
 showed 122 taxables, scattered aloiic the valleys of the Tioga and fouainHque 
 rivers. In 1804, when the county was created, it had a population of about .sOO 
 souls. In 1820, the census returns show 4,13-2 inhabitants. Ten years later t.he 
 number was 9,071, an increase of 4,9.1!1. In ISIO the population wa.s 15,4'J.S; in 
 1850, 23,987; 1860, 31,121: 1S70, 3.3.097: ISSO, 4.-.,S14, and ISOO, .33,313. 
 
 With the increase in population came a proportionate increase in wealth. 
 Year by year the area of cleared land was eiilai^'ed, and a better class of farm houses 
 replaced the log cal)iiis of the lirst settlers. Villa.^'cs and t^wns sprung; up, and 
 new industrial enterprises were estalili^hed. Then came the railroad, the develop- 
 ment of the coal deiiosjis, and a greater activity in all departments of industry. 
 The result is the county of to-day, rich, prosperous and progressive, witli a yast to 
 be proud of and a future promising .'till greater achievements. 
 
CHAPTEE YII. 
 
 EAELY COURTS AND CASES. 
 
 Arrests and Trials Under the Intrusion Law— The Case of Ezra Spaulding 
 — History of the Defendant— Other Tioga SETTiiERs Indicted— Firs t 
 Courts of Tioga County— Docket Entries— A Horse Thief Convicted— 
 Six Magisterial Districts Established— The Great Slave Hunt— Impor- 
 tant County Records Stolen— An Obdurate Judge. 
 
 DUEING the years preceding 1813, when the several courts of Tioga county 
 were organized, jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, was exercised over its 
 territory and its inhabitants by the courts of Lycoming county. The earliest in- 
 dictments found and cases tried were those brought against claimants under Con- 
 necticut titles, who had located on lands within the boundaries of what was then 
 Tioga township, in violation of the Intrusion Law. These offenders were merci- 
 lessly prosecuted and, in many instances persecuted, by rapacious, grasping and 
 greedy land sharks, losing not only their invested means, but the homes and im- 
 provements that represented years of toil in the midst of a dense wilderness. 
 
 One of these offenders "against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth" 
 was a settler named Ezra Spaulding, the history of whose indictment, trial and 
 conviction is gathered from the little book quoted from in a preceding chapter. In 
 this book, as a part of the docket of the court of quarter sessions of Lycoming county, 
 for the September term, 1798, is a record of the indictment of Ezra Spaulding for 
 violating the Intrusion Law, by settling on a tract of 300 acres of land lying in 
 Tioga township. The following indorsement appears on the back of the indict- 
 ment, which is still preserved: 
 
 And now, to wit: At September session, 1798, defendant in his person pleaded that 
 the tract of land of which he is alleged to have taken possession with force of arms, etc., 
 and by virtue of neither color of a title or conveyance of a half share, etc., derived from 
 the Commonwealth, nor of the late proprietors before the Eevolution, is not in the 
 county of Lycoming. 
 
 Under this indorsement is another from Deputy Attorney General Jared Inger- 
 soU, in these words: "It is [in Lycoming] and defendant stood indicted." The 
 case, however, did not come to trial at this term. The record shows that it was 
 put off to the next term on Spaulding being held "in £100 in his own recognizance," 
 and John Mitehelltree entered as bail for his appearance in the sum of £50. 
 Gershom Gillet, Jonas Geer, John Shader, and Moses Emerson were held "in £50 
 each for their appearance at the next court of quarter sessions," as witnesses. 
 At the December sessions it was continued until February, 1799, and at the Feb- 
 
/ ^■,. '.V ?. 
 
 
EABLY COUBTS AND CASES. 81 
 
 rtmry sessions until April, when, according to an entry in the docket, Gillet, 
 Geer and Shader "made default, and recognizance forfeited." Emerson appears 
 to have been present. The case was again continued, the defendant and John 
 Newell, his surety, each renewing their bonds in £100 for their appearance at the 
 next court. 
 
 The case finally came up for trial at September sessions, 1799, all the parties, 
 according to the record, being present. The verdict, as entered on the docket, 
 reads: 
 
 And now to wit: The 5th of September, 1799, a jury of the country being called, came to 
 wit: Henry Antes, James Stewart, John McCormiek, George Crane, Mathew Adams. John 
 Sutton, Stephen Duncan, Thomas Keed, John B. Culbertson, Robert Crawford, Robert 
 Hamilton, and Daniel Doane, who being duly impanelled, ballotted lor and sworn, 
 on their oaths do say that they find Ezra Spaulding guilty in manner and form as he 
 stands indicted. Judgment: That he pay a fine of $300, one-half of which to be for the 
 use of the informer, and the other for the use of the county; pay the costs of prosecution, 
 undergo imprisonment for two calendar months, and stand convicted until the sentence is 
 complied with. 
 
 All of these jurymen, with possibly one or two exceptions, dwelt along the 
 river only a few miles from Williainsport. Antts, who appears as foreman, was 
 the celebrated Col. John Henry Autos, who built tlie stockade furt at the mouth 
 of Antes creek. Stewart was a brother of Siiinuel Stewart, the first slicriff of 
 Lycoming county, and Thomas Hood resided on what is now the site of the city of 
 Lock Haven. Crawford and Hamilton lived neiir the river in what is Pine Creek 
 township, Clinton county. Sutton lived on Lycoming creek, and hi.'* farm is now 
 within the present limits of Willi umsport and is partly built upon. Several of 
 the others were equally as prominent as those referred to. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE DEFENDANT. 
 
 That Ezra Spaulding was a badly abused man there is conclusive evidence, 
 and the reader will naturally inquire who he was and whence he came. Eev. David 
 Craft, in his "History of Bradford County." (p. 29-1), informs us that he settled in 
 what is now Canton township in irOG. The territory then belonged to Lycoming 
 county. Spaulding was born in Connecticut in 1754, and received a good common 
 school education. He also studied navigation and surveying, until he became 
 well versed in those subjects, but never had much practice in either. He was 
 brought up a farmer, and became one of the best in the county where he resided. 
 In 1776 he enlisted in the Continental army, served three months, and in a short 
 time his country again called for his services and he promptly responded, serving 
 nine months in the militia and receiving his discharge in the fall of 1777. He 
 returned to his father's farm and remained there until 1793, when he removed to 
 Springfield, Otsego county. New York, bought a farm and worked it about three 
 years. Continued sickness in his family, however, made it necessary for him to 
 sell out and leave that part of the country, which he did, removing to Sheshequin 
 in the fall of 179."). He left hia family there during the following winter, and 
 
g2 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 with his son, Horace, went to Canton and located a farm under the Connecticut 
 
 title. 
 
 He built a log cabin near Towanda creek, chopped a fallow of about four acres, 
 and then returned to Sheshequin for his family, and in the month of February 
 moved his goods to his new home on an ox sled, while his family were transported 
 in a sleigh drawn by horses. They made the trip in about four days, picking 
 their way through the woods and frequently being compelled to stop to clear out a 
 road for the teams. 
 
 His family consisted of two sons and three daughters, viz: Horace, William, 
 Lucy, Betsy and Delight. Besides these there were two negro slaves, who came 
 from Connecticut — Beulah and her son, Caesar. Mr. Spaulding suffered all the 
 inconveniences of living in a new country, and endured many privations. He 
 could raise no more grain than was needed for the sustenance of the family, while 
 maple sugar was the only product with which to buy groceries and clothing, glass, 
 nails, etc., and Tioga Point or William sport were the nearest places at which they 
 could do their trading. The latter place was less than forty miles away, but the 
 road or path down Lycoming creek was rough and narrow, the stream had to be 
 forded many times, and the gloom caused by the thick forests of pine, hemlock 
 and overhanging vines, was not inviting. 
 
 When he purchased his Connecticut right Mr. Spaulding supposed he had 
 a ^ood title to his farm, but when the question of title began to be raised he was, 
 at the suggestion of a neighbor who had been an inmate of his house, sued for 
 a small debt, the summons being returnable to Kewberry, before 'Squire Eobert 
 Martin. While there he was arrested and tried under the "Intrusion Law." 
 
 After his trial and conviction he served his time in the little log jail at 
 Williamsport, and gave security for the payment of his fine. During the time he 
 was imprisoned a gentleman visited his family, and, on hearing the history of the 
 case, said that he would aid Mr. Spaulding in obtaining the Pennsylvania title 
 from the Asylum Company. The Pennamite party, who had instituted the prose- 
 cution, enraged at Mr. Spaulding's return to his old home, and his persistency in 
 holding to his Connecticut title, determined to drive him from the country. The 
 payment of his iine was demanded, and in default, SherifE John Cummings, of 
 Lycoming county, levied on all his property, which he sold, and then set fire to 
 his house and burned it to the groimd, and his family, in the beginning of winter, 
 were left homeless and shelterless. A friend bought in his property and left it at 
 his disposal, and as the season was too late to build, he accepted the offer of a small 
 log house that stood near by. About a year after he built a large house, which he 
 made a place of entertainment and kept it for many years. It stood on the public 
 road leading from Williamsport to Elmira and became a famous landmark. 
 Everybody knew Ezra Spaulding, and made it a point, when traveling, to tarry 
 over night at his house. In 1801 he obtained a lease of the Asylum Company 
 for his farm, which was resurveyed in 1804, and conveyed to him in legal form. 
 
 Ezra Spaulding surmounted all his trials, tribulations and persecutions; 
 founded a home of comfort, and died in December, 1828, in his seventy-fourth 
 year. His eldest son, Horace, lived to be almost one himdred years old, dying only 
 a few years ago. 
 
EABLT C0UKT8 AND CASES. 83 
 
 OTHER TIOGA SETTLEES IXDICTED. 
 
 A number of the early settlers of Tioga county were prosecuted under the 
 Intrusion Law and tried at Williamsport, but they fared better than Ezra Spauld- 
 ing. They were among the first representative settlers on the Tioga and Cowan- 
 esque rivers and many of their descendants live in Tioga county to-day. An old 
 indictment tried before May sessions in 1797, foimd among the papers when the 
 little book previously spoken of was discovered, reads as follows: 
 
 The grand inquest for the body of the county of Lycoming npon their oaths and 
 affirmations respectfully do present: That Benjamin Cole, Leonard Cole, Michael Eidy, 
 Abel Cady, Thomas Willson, Sr., Thomas Willson, Daniel Ingersole, Nathan Niles, Uriah 
 Spencer, Benjannin Corey, Samuel Patterson, Timothy Ives, Titus Ives, Reuben Cook, 
 Joseph Mathews, Benajah Ives, Gideon Salisbury, Barret Montgomery Ingersole, John Holi. 
 day, Jacobus Van Camp, Richard Mitchell and John Ives, all of the county of Lycoming afore- 
 said, yeoman, and within the jurisdiction of this court, with force and arms, etc., at the 
 township of Lycoming, in the county aforesaid, did take possession of, intrude and settle 
 on lands within the limits of the now County of Lycoming (formerly Northumberland 
 county) by virtue and under color of conveyances of half-price rights or from other pre- 
 tended title neither derived from the authority of the commonwealth, nor of the late 
 proprietaries before the Bevolution, contrary to the form of the act of general assembly 
 of this commonwealth in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity 
 of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Jabed Ingehsoli,, 
 Attorney Oeneral. 
 
 The indictment is indorsed: "A true bill, John Cummings," and was found 
 by the grand jury at May sessions, 1797. The trial of these parties took place 
 at September sessions, 1798, and the verdict was as follows: 
 
 And now, to wit: A jury of the country being called came to wit: John Lawson, 
 Matthew Armstrong, James Burchfield, Joel Ferree, James McCuen, James Bennet, John 
 Hall, Samuel Torbet, Matthew Luch, John Hamilton, John Bennet, and Thomas Wenter- 
 ringer, who being sworn and returned upon their oaths do say that they find the defend- 
 ants not guilty. 
 
 The suit was brought in the name of the "Republica," which was then used 
 in place of "Commonwealth" of to-day, but the names of the witnesses or prose- 
 cutors do not appear in the record. 
 
 On the back of the indictment, which is still in existence, and opposite the 
 name of each party, the number of miles the constable had to travel from Williams- 
 port to serve the summons is recorded. The mileage is given herewith: The two 
 Coles, Eidy, Cady. and Willson, have each sixty-six miles charged against them; 
 Patterson has sixty-eight; the two Ives', Barret M. Ingersole and Holiday, sixty; 
 Salisbury, sixty-four; Daniel Ingersole and Xathan Xiles, sixty-three; Reuben 
 Cook and Benajah and Titus Ivce, fifty-seven; Richard Mitchell, fifty-six; VanCamp, 
 fifty-five, and Benjamin Corey, forty-nine. The la.«t lived the nearest to Williams- 
 port, according to the constable's reckoning, his place being at the mouth of Corey 
 creek, on tlie site of Mansfield. The route traveled by the constable was by the 
 Williamson road, there not being another road opened at that time, .\fter being 
 
84 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 compelled to travel this long distance to be tried under the Intrusion Law, passed 
 at the instance of rapacious land speculators, it is a source of satisfaction to their 
 descendants to know that they were acquitted and returned home in triumph. 
 
 FIEST COUKTS OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Although Tioga county was erected March 26, 1804, it remained attached to 
 Lycoming county for judicial purposes for more than eight years. All its civil 
 business was transacted in Williamsport, and all civil and criminal processes were 
 issued from and were- returnable to the courts of Lycoming county, and a com- 
 plete severance was not effected until the convening and formal organization of 
 the first courts, in Wellsboro, January 11, 1813. The opening of the court was 
 an event of more than ordinary importance and it attracted the attention of the 
 entire population of the village. 
 
 Prom the quarter sessions docket, which has been preserved, it is learned 
 that Hon. John Bannister Gibson appeared as president judge to open the new 
 courts. He was supported by Samuel Wells Morris and Ira Kilburn as associates, 
 but the records are silent as to the name of the crier who made the official 
 proclamation. On ascending the bench Judge Gibson read his commission to show 
 his authority for appearing there to open the first court. His judicial district 
 was composed of the counties of Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne and Tioga, and 
 was the eleventh in the State. When he had finished reading his commission, 
 Henry Wilson arose and presented his commission as prosecuting attorney, by ap- 
 pointment of the attorney general. This served as his admission to the bar of the 
 new court. Several attorneys were in waiting. Mr. Wilson then arose and made 
 a motion that Eobert McClure, of Williamsport, be admitted. He was one of the 
 first three lawyers to locate in Williamsport in 1795, and therefore had been a 
 practicing attorney for eighteen years. Having been formally admitted as a 
 member of the bar of Tioga, he made a motion for the admission of his colleague, 
 Francis C. Campbell, also of Williamsport. Ethan Baldwin was admitted at the 
 same time. These were the first attorneys admitted. It is regretted that nothing 
 is known of Henry Wilson. Whence did he come? Who was he, and where did 
 he belong? 
 
 The ceremonies of admission being over, Eddy Howland and Timothy Ives, 
 commissioners, informed the court that Samuel W. Morris, who was elected at the 
 general election held in 1811 to serve three years as a commissioner, desired 
 to resign, as he had been elevated to the bench. The court therefore appointed 
 Nathan Niles, Jr., to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Morris. Aside from some 
 road petitions there was little business before this court. Preliminary steps, how- 
 ever, were taken towards bringing some important suits at the next term, and 
 this was why the attorneys from abroad were present. 
 
 There is a tradition that the opening of the court was regarded as such an 
 important affair that the event was celebrated by a dance in the evening at the 
 tavern kept by Alpheus Cheney. It was given a semi-official character by the 
 judge, who was present and played the violin for the dancers. There is nothing 
 on record to show that the dance really took place under the direction of his honor. 
 
EABLY C0UBT8 AND CASES. 85 
 
 hence we have to depend on the tradition alone. It was well understood, how- 
 ever, that he was a man who played the violin and loved fim, and as he was only about 
 thirty-three years of age, but had seen much of frontier life, it is not improbable that 
 he joined in the merry-making. 
 
 In visiting this addition to his district the judge came via Covington, travel- 
 ing over what was known as the "East and West Eoad," which came direct from 
 Towanda, where he then probably resided, as it was in the center of his district. 
 
 DOCKET ENTBIES. 
 
 At the April sessions, 1813, the business of the court seems to have been 
 fairly under way. The first case called was that of Levi Ives vs. James Dickinson 
 and James Matteson. This was an ejectment suit, and the sheriff's returns show 
 that on March 17, 1813, he "served the writ for John Ives, Benjamin Ives, Roswell 
 Ives, John Ives, Jr., Jesse Losey, Samuel Losey and iI(Dses Caldwell." A con- 
 tinuance was held until the November term, when the jury returned a verdict 
 for the defendants, "plaintiff to pay the cost, whereupon judgment ft. fa 
 sheriff returns that he took the body of Levi Ives, who was discharged by James 
 Dickinson and James Matteson." Francis C. Campbell, of Williaiosport, appeared for 
 the plaintiff, and Ethan Baldwin for the defendants. The writ was one growing 
 out of land troubles. 
 
 The second case was the trespass suits of Abraham Foster vs. David and Jere- 
 miah Miller. It resulted in a non-suit being entered l>y the plaintiff. 
 
 At this term of court the following tavern licenses were granted, for which 
 the prothonotary charged a fee of $1.15: Sarah Kelsey, widow, on Crooked creek; 
 John C. Youngman, Nathaniel Seely, on C'owanesque; Asa Mann, Tioga river; 
 Jonathan Matteson, on Cowanesque; William Willard, Tioga river; Alpheus 
 Cheney and Israel Greenleaf, Wellsboro; Aaron Hloss, Rachel Berry, Oliver Jen- 
 nings, and Adam Hart, on the Tioga river. 
 
 The court announced that "Aaron Bloss and Adam Hart, and all others who 
 now keep tavern under former licenses, are permitted to go on until next court, 
 and then take out licenses dated at the April term." Licensee previous to this 
 date had been granted by the court of Lycoming county. 
 
 At the April term, 1814, the grand jury, of which Luke Scott was foreman, 
 reported "that the county jail is sufficient to imprison debtors for the present." 
 From this we infer that it was not in very good condition for more desperate 
 characterB. 
 
 A HOBSE THIEF COyVICTED. 
 
 At the August term, 1814, the first case on the criminal docket was that 
 of Samuel L. Jfills, indicted for horse stealing. Nathan Niles was foreman of 
 the grand jury. On beinp arraigned the prisoner pleaded "not puilty." The work 
 of impanelling a jury was proceeded with as follows: 
 
 1. John Hart, 2d, 5. Daniel Cummings, 
 
 8. Samuel Carpenter, 6. Benjamin Lawrence, 
 
 3. Jonathan Thorndike, 7. Caleb Austin. 
 
 4. Erastus Nilua, 
 
86 HISTORY OS TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 This exhausted the panel, whereupon the court ordered a talis de circum- 
 stantibus. The sheriff summoned and returned the following new men and the 
 jury was completed: 
 
 8. Cyrus Wright, 11. Israel Bulkley, 
 
 9. Harris Hotohkiss, 13. Ichabod Smith. 
 10. Elihu Hill, 
 
 The prisoner was tried and convicted, and the court imposed this sentence: 
 
 Samuel L. Mills [shall] undergo a confinement in the goal of Tioga county for the 
 term of four years, and that he be kept to hard labor, fed and clothed as the law directs; 
 that he pay a fine of eighty dollars to the commonwealth and restore the property, pay 
 the cost of prosecution, and stand committed till the sentence be complied with. 
 
 And the court further directs, that the confinement and labor mentioned in this sen- 
 tence be undergone in the goal and penitentiary in the City of Philadelphia. 
 
 At this term of court the grand jury reported concerning the jail as follows: 
 "We have viewed the prison of Tioga county and say it is in no manner fit for the 
 reception and safe keeping of either debtors or criminals." 
 
 At September term, 1816, May term, 1817, and December term, 1819, Judge 
 Thomas Burnside, of Bellefonte, presided. He was assisted by associate Judges 
 Morris and Kilbum. 
 
 SIX MAGISTEKIAL DISTRICTS ESTABLISHED. 
 
 According to a minute on the journal of the commissioners, dated October 6, 
 1814, the board met and transacted the following important business: 
 
 In conformity to an act of the legislature of Pennsylvania of the 14th day of March, 
 1814, making it the duty of the commissioners of Tioga county to lay ofE the said county 
 into suitable districts for the appointment of a competent number of justices of the 
 peace, the said commissioners having met on the day and place aforesaid do resolve, to 
 wit: 
 
 That the county be divided into six districts and bounded in the following manner: 
 
 The township of Delmar shall be a district and numbered one. 
 
 The township of Deerfield shall be a district and numbered two. 
 
 The township of Elkland shall be a district and numbered three. 
 
 The township of Tioga shall be two districts and numbered four and five. District 
 number four shall begin at the ninety-third mile-stone on the State line— thence south 
 ten miles and 310 perches by Elkland township to the line of Covington township; thence 
 by the line of Covington township, east six and a half miles; thence north ten miles and 
 310 perches to the State line; thence west on the State line six and a half miles to the 
 ninety-third mile-stone, the place of beginning. 
 
 District number five shall begin at the eightieth mile-stone on the State line; thence 
 south six degrees east by the line of Bradford county eleven miles to a post; thence west 
 by Covington township seven and a half miles to district number four, before described; 
 thence north by district numbered four, ten miles and 310 perches to the State line- 
 thence east on the State line six and a half miles to the eightieth mile-stone, the place of 
 beginning. 
 
 The township of Covington shall be a district and numbered six. 
 
 Timothy Ives, 
 
 HOPESTILL BEEOHEK, 
 
 Ambbose Millabd, 
 
 Com. 
 
EAKLT COTJHTS AND CASES. 87 
 
 These six districts, according to an ennmeration made in pursuance of an act of 
 the legislature, contained 463 taxable inhabitants, distributed as follows: Delmar, 
 Daniel Kelsey, justice, 87; Deerfield, no appointment of justice, 63; Elkland, Dor- 
 man Bloss, justice, 79; Tioga, the original township, WUliam Rose, justice, 139; 
 Covington, Daniel Lamb and Elijah Putnam, justices, 95. 
 
 THE GEEAT SLAVE HUNT. 
 
 It has been stated that a few slaves were brought here by the Wells family from 
 Delaware, and that they were manumitted. In later years runaway slaves occa- 
 sionally found their way into this section, either to visit colored acquaintances, or 
 while in transit for Canada via the "Underground Railroad." Mr. Emery in his in- 
 teresting reminiscences of early life in Wellsboro records the incidents of a slave hunt 
 which were very exciting if not thrilling. 
 
 It was in the fall of 1828 or 1829 that two young colored men came to Wellsboro 
 and stayed a day or two with "Uncle Eben Murry." They were set to work by Judge 
 Morris. Two other boys came into the county with them, but they found employ- 
 ment at or near Covington. The first two remained a month or more with the 
 Judge, when the people were startled by the announcement that Jlossrs. Boyd and 
 Freanor, of Maryland, were in the village as owners and claimants of the two young 
 oolored men, who were fugitives from slavery, and had obtained writs of arrest from 
 Judge Kilburn, of Lawrenceville, and had placed them in the hands of Chauncey 
 Alford and Carlisle Atherton as deputy sheriffs. Word was immediately sent to the 
 runaways that their masters were in to^ni, and a short time after rocoiviiig the infor- 
 mation they were fleeing across the hill to the ( 'ovinfrton road, to be met there by the 
 two deputies, who brought them back to the village, where thuy were handcuffed and 
 fettered with irons brought by their claimants, hustled into a sleigh and started for 
 Judge Kilburn's, at Lawrenceville, followed by Judge Morris to see fair play. 
 
 What was to be done? "Uncle Eben and Aunt Hetty" thouirlit it was terrible. 
 It was talked over half an hour or so, when some one said, "Let's go down and see 
 the fun and help the boys if we can." Another, more executive than the rest, sug- 
 gested that they should "take out a habeas corpus returnable before Judge Morris 
 in Wi'llsboro, bring them back and have the hearing here." 
 
 "But Judge Morris has gone to Lawrenceville and there is no one to bring them 
 back and have the hearing here," interposed another. 
 
 "Make out the writ in due form," exclaimed another, "and have Judge Morris 
 sign it at Lawrenceville." 
 
 "But they will insist on trying it there before the judge." 
 "Hustle him home as soon as he signs the writ and before it is served," yelled 
 one in the crowd, which had largely increased and was still rapidly increasing. 
 
 "What good will it all do?" said a conservative gentleman in the crowd. "The 
 owners have tlic law on their side, and they will take the niggers back anyhow." 
 
 "We'll see," shouted a dozen voices at once. "Hurrah for Lawrenceville and 
 freedom for slaves!" 
 
 A hurried consultation was held by a few outside the crowd. Mr. Donaldson, 
 clerk in the protlionotary's otlice, went up to the office; two or three others went off 
 in different directions. Another half hour passed. Mr. Donaldson came out of 
 
88 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the office holding a folded paper in his hand; a couple of double sleighs drove up 
 and as many as could get in loaded them up; but the conservative gentleman looked 
 on, declining to go. Three cheers were given for the darkies and the party drove 
 off for a frolic or something else, most of them having no clearly defined idea of 
 ■what was going to be done, or what was contemplated as a result. Perhaps an 
 hour and a half or two hours had passed before they were fairly under way. 
 
 Two or three of the party seemed to be anxiously looking out on the north 
 side of the road as they passed down the creek and whispering quietly to each other, 
 as if they were hatching some conspiracy or looking for a good site whereon to build 
 a reputation or start a negro plantation. Someone in one of the sleighs suggested 
 that it would be a good plan to get up a hustling fight on the way back and let 
 the negroes get away; and he chuckled loudly over his suggestion, as though it was 
 an original thought. 
 
 Onward dashed the rescuers. What a flourish they made as they drove up to 
 the tavern door of that great apostle of temperance who kept the only tavern in 
 Lawrenceville, and what cheering news the loungers gave as they saw the formida- 
 ble delegation from Wellsboro. 
 
 "Too late, boys," shouted Samuel Hunt, "the niggers are on their way to Canada, 
 and their owners are laid away upstairs, afraid of their lives; but, come in, all hands, 
 and take something;" which they did, of course. 
 
 The house was full, and a more excited and wild set of fellows, when they had 
 got fairly mixed in and sufficiently refreshed at the bar, it would have been hard to 
 find. 
 
 During the afternoon an important arbitration was in progress at Lawrenceville 
 — one party living on the Cowanesque and the other up the Tioga — and it had ex- 
 cited considerable interest and drawn together a large collection of people. The 
 arbitration had run into the edge of the evening, and was about concluded when 
 Deputy Sheriffs Alford and Carlisle Atherton drove up to the tavern with their 
 prisoners, accompanied by the Marylanders and followed by Judge Morris in his 
 cutter. It was soon whispered about that the two blacks were fugitive slaves, who 
 had been living with Judge Morris, and that the two strangers were their masters 
 from Maryland. 
 
 Those who are old enough to know what an arbitration sometimes was in those 
 early days, and how easily a large crowd, stimulated by whisky, became excited, can 
 in some measure Judge of the situation. The capture of fugitive slaves in Tioga 
 county was a new thing. The people, somehow or other, had got it into their heads 
 that when a slave had escaped out of the southern into the northern States he was, 
 or ought to be, free. They, as well as those who went down from Wellsboro, thought 
 that the darkies ought at least to have fair play; that their shackles ought to be taken 
 off and— the sheriff being the umpire— there should be a fair run or a fair fight, the 
 slaves for liberty and the masters for the darkies. Under such circumstances, if 
 the boys were foolish enough to be taken, then they were not in fact fit for freedom. 
 
 But the sheriff would not agree to any such arrangement, and Messrs. Boyd 
 and Freanor were not consulted on the subject. So the ground was reeonnoitered 
 and the room occupied by the sheriff examined with a view to ascertain its exact 
 situation and military defense. Some hard words were said, threats of lynching 
 
EABLY C0UBT8 AND CASES. 8& 
 
 heard, advances and retreats made, pistols drawn by the Marylanders, and on the 
 whole it looked as though there might be some "little unpleasantness." 
 
 The sheriff, however, kindly informed the owners that he knew the people 
 of Tioga county better than they did; told them to put up their pistols, or he 
 should be under the necessity of putting them under arrest to save their lives; for 
 if one shot was fired he would not be answerable for their safety; and that if they 
 valued their lives more than their slaves they had better leave the defense of their 
 property in his and his assistants hands; "for," said he, "you will be dead men in 
 less than ten minutes after the first shot is fired!" The belhgerent Marylanders 
 were effectually frightened and slunk back into the comer. 
 
 In an instant* a rush was made by the crowd, the lights were extinguished in 
 that room and in the bar room, the darkies were seized and hurried to the door — 
 one, however, was recaptured but retaken — and both were hurried over the line 
 into the State of New York, which passes near the village. From one the 
 shackles were easily taken; for either his heels were too short and his hands too 
 small, or the irons were too large. From the other the shackles were taken by break- 
 ing them. 
 
 The names of the principal leaders in the rescue have been preserved. They 
 were: Joseph McCormick, Elkland; William Garretson, Tioga; Almon Allen, 
 Medad Gunn, and Samuel Hunt, Mansfield. After the shackles were taken off a 
 contribution of money was made for the benefit of the fugitives, and they were sent 
 on their way toward Canada. 
 
 Early next morning a warrant was issued by a justice of the peace at Tiogn, and 
 Messrs. Boyd and Freanor were held to bail for kidnapping. No obstacle was 
 thrown in the way to prevent them from obtaining bail. In fact, it was a part of 
 the programme that they should be bailed. It may be as well to say here that, of 
 the other two fugitives, an attempt was made to arrest one at Covington, but being 
 a strong and powerful man, he knocked down his would-be captor and escaped to 
 the woods; the other was for a while concealed in the cellar of IHder Ripley, beyond 
 Mansfield, on the road to Troy; and after the excitement was over and the owners 
 gone from the country, he was furnished with money and sent northward into 
 Canada. 
 
 Soon after this exciting affair an action for trespass was commenced in the 
 United States court, by the owners of the colored men who had been rescued, as 
 they did not like the idea of being so summarily deprived of their property, if it 
 did consist of flesh and blood. Proceedings were begun against Joseph McCormick, 
 Oliver T. Bundy, William Garretson, Almon Allen, Samuel Hunt, Medad Gunn, and 
 several others whose names are not now recalled. Jledad Gimn was not notified, for 
 he "went off" before the marshal had time to serve the writ upon him. The case 
 took its regular course, was put at issue and set down for trial at the United States 
 court at Williamsport, and a large number of witnesses from Tioga county were sub- 
 poenaed, among them Josiah Emery; but as none appeared, the case was continued 
 to the ni'xt term. 
 
 After the case was continued, Joseph McCormick had an interview with the 
 plaintiffs, and offered, if they would rttum home, to furnish suflBcient evidence to 
 convi( t the defendants, and would himself be a witness, as he knew every one 
 
90 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 engaged in the rescue. The bargain was concluded and a paper drawn up and signed 
 in which it was stipulated by the plaintiffs that, on the condition of the payment of 
 twenty-five dollars by said McCormick, to be considered as full satisfaction of any 
 damages claimed from him, he was discharged from the suit. 
 
 The next term the case came on for trial. Judge Lewis presented the 
 McOormick paper discharging him from all further claim for damages, and moved 
 the discharge of all the other defendants, on the principle that the receipt of satis- 
 faction from one of several joint trespassers was a satisfaction by all. Thus ended 
 the suit through this acute legal dodge. McCormick always claimed that some one 
 of the defendants stole the paper from his desk; but the truth is, it was a little bit of 
 "sharp practice" got up between Ellis Lewis and McCormick, and the paper was 
 handed over to Lewis by McCormick himself. The Marylanders saw that they were 
 defeated and soon after departed. 
 
 The two rescued colored boys fled to a point near Eochester and obtained em- 
 ployment at a country tavern, and their whereabouts was soon afterwards known to 
 Judge Morris. When the Marylanders were discharged from the kidnapping suit 
 they hurried north instead of south, still intent on looking for their property; and 
 when Judge Morris became aware of that fact he suspected they had found out the 
 location of the boys, and had gone to have them arrested and make another 
 attempt to carry them to Maryland. He acted quickly. Harnessing his horse and 
 sulky he started after them, and changing horses at Lavn-eneeville, overtook the stage 
 at Painted Post, and found Messrs. Boyd and Preanor aboard. Leaving his horse and 
 sulky he took passage in the stage with them. 
 
 But the ride was apparently too much for him, and when the stage stopped a 
 few miles from where the boys were at work he was so sick(?) that he had to retire to 
 a private room to be doctored, where, making a confidant of the landlord, he pur- 
 suaded him to hitch up a fleet team and send him to the tavern ahead, and in the 
 meantime detain the stage as long as he could under pretense that he would soon be 
 well enough to go on! 
 
 When they finally got to the next tavern, the aggressive slave owners were 
 outwitted and at the end of their journey in that direction. The young colored men 
 had been advised of the pursuit of their masters and were safely beyond their reach. 
 When the stage drove up Judge Morris, who was standing on the porch, politely 
 bowed to the Maryland gentlemen as they alighted! They were greatly surprised, 
 and the expression of their countenances, as Judge Morris afterwards described them, 
 indicated that they would have experienced great pleasure in shooting him! 
 
 This remarkable slave hunt, and its happy termination for the fugitives, be- 
 came the topic of conversation not only in Tioga, but in the adjoining counties, and 
 for years it was discussed in the family circle, in the bar rooms of the country and 
 village inns, and at public gatherings. And as considerable more than half a century 
 has rolled away, it may be stated as a historical fact that not one of the participants 
 is now alive. 
 
 IMPOETANT COUNTY EECOEDS STOLEN. 
 
 One of the most exciting events of early times was the theft of all the important 
 records of the county contained in the original public building. The robbery oc- 
 curred in the fall or early part of the winter of 1828. The thieves entered the 
 
EABLY COTTRTS AND CASES. 91 
 
 biiilding at night and carried ofE all the deed books, seven in number, together with 
 the dockets and records in the prothonotary's oflBce, and the books of the com- 
 missioners. When the news became known a profound sensation was caused, and 
 there was much speculation why such a high-handed outrage should be committed. 
 As no one person could carry the records, it was evident that there must have been 
 more than one concerned in the affair, and probably a wagon and team were re- 
 quired to carry away the official plunder. 
 
 The facilities for ferreting out offenders at that time were limited; there were 
 no sharp detectives to follow up clues, consequently the work of searching was slow. 
 
 Finally it was ascertained that the object of the robbery was to secure the par- 
 don of a man from the penitentiary who had been convicted and sentenced for 
 horse stealing. Many arrests were made and hearings had, but no evidence could 
 be procured sufficient to hold any of the suspected parties. Among others arrested 
 on suspicion was a man living in the eastern part of the county. It turned out 
 that he was not one of the perpetrators of the theft, but had some knowledge of 
 the plot. As time wore on and the records could not be found, this man, it is said, 
 was induced, on the promise of no further prosecution, to give information which 
 led to the recovery of the missing records. They were found hidden in a hollow 
 log in the woods about a mile east of the court house, where tin y had lain for 
 about three months. The object of the theft failed, as the convicted party was not 
 pardoned. 
 
 As the public mind had become very much inflamed over the matter, because of 
 the trouble, expense, and possible litigation, that would have followed in the event 
 of the final loss of the records, several persons supposed to have been connected 
 with the affair were arrested and indicted for conspiracy. Much delay ensued in 
 bringing them to trial, when, finally, the indictments were quashed in consequence 
 of some informality in the proceedings and through the ingenuity of able counsel, 
 of whom that rising and brilliant young lawyer, Ellis Le\vis, was one. It is a tradi- 
 tion that the persons who carried away the records were never arristtd, and they 
 carried the secret in their breasts the balance of their lives. It is not likely that any 
 one concerned in the affair is now living. 
 
 The robbery gave the commissioners a great deal of trouble, and cost the 
 county a handsome sum. From the records in the commissioners' office (see 
 Journal for 1829, p. 2G9), it appears that a large number of persons were employed 
 to search for the stolen property, and they were paid the following sums: 
 
 Feb. 20, 1829, Almon Allen $ 31 44 
 
 George Divins, 4 00 
 
 ' John Marvin 12 27 
 
 " '• " Thomas Kaydon, 34 31 
 
 " " " Daniel Lamb, 22 50 
 
 " " " Medad Gunn, 12 00 
 
 ' Charles Mann 6 00 
 
 Charles Atherton, 42 00 
 
 " ■■ " Benjamin Gitchell, for finding lost records 200 00 
 
 " ai • Samuel Hunt 22 00 
 
 " " " Lincoln Powers, 12 00 
 
 May 20, " .Asa Mann IS 00 
 
 " " ■ " Erastus Rose 3 00 
 
92 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 May 20, 1829, Levi Kose 
 
 " John Gray '''* ^^ 
 
 " Asa Mann ^° °° 
 
 Charles Spencer ^^ 5"' 
 
 " 21, " William Garretson ^2 00' 
 
 June 16, " Kobert Tubbs f ""' 
 
 July 38, " Harris Corey, ^ ^^ 
 
 Benjamin Bentley 1^ ^^ 
 
 " " " Peter Eoberts, ^^ ^* 
 
 Feb. 25, 1831, Lorentes Jackson ^^ "* 
 
 May 26, " Uriah Spencer 26 30 
 
 Total $56123 
 
 It will be observed that considerable time had elapsed before all the bills were 
 paid, and the last two, which had run for about two years, were collected by process 
 of law. There are no explanatory notes on the minute book, consequently we are 
 left to draw our own conclusions as to some of the causes which produced the 
 friction. The amount of money paid for the recovery of the records was a great 
 deal for that time; in fact, it represented a purchasing power greater than three 
 times that amount to-day. When the robbery was committed the following com- 
 missioners were in of&ce: Lorentes Jackson, John Cochran, E. B. G-erould. Before- 
 all the settlements were made Mr. Jackson had retired from office. 
 
 ■AS OBDUEATE JUDGE. 
 
 On June 5, 1830, the Phoenix announced that the circuit court would meet 
 in Wellsboro on the first Monday of August of that year to sit at least one week. 
 When the time came Judge Eogers appeared and took his seat on the bench, but to 
 the surprise of all the court only lasted one day. The Phoenix summed up the pro- 
 ceedings as follows: 
 
 There being five causes upon the calendar for trial, several of which, from their im- 
 portance and the number of vvitnesses subpoenaed, it was supposed would occupy the 
 court a day or more, it was very reasonably conjectured that the court would continue 
 pretty much through the week. But to the utter consternation of all, and more es- 
 pecially the tavern keepers, the court adjourned early in the afternoon of the first day, 
 before any one could have anticipated such an event, and before the sheriff, attorneys, 
 jurors, witnesses, spectators, politicians or loungers had half arrived. A few minutes 
 after the adjournment several wagons made their appearance loaded with witnesses and 
 accompanied by the parties in the case of Baldwin vs. Kilburn — all however too late. 
 
 Nineteen jurors only answered to their names on being called, and the absentees- 
 were fined five dollars each for non-attendance — four out of the number were, however, 
 excused for cause shown. 
 
 The attorneys with one accord besought the court to delay the time a little till their 
 worthy clients should arrive, but his honor was inexorable. One cited the practice of the 
 common pleas as authority for putting over business till Tuesday morning, to which his 
 honor replied, that " if such were the fact, it argued a laxity of practice to which I can 
 not subscribe." A second urged the consideration of his client, being a judge likewise, 
 having inadvertently appointed an adjourned court about the same time, to which the 
 reply was : " That is no cause for continuance, and your client being not ignorant of 
 these matters, I would rather enforce the rule against him with the more rigor." In 
 short as the judge refused to be pettifogged, the bar were unable to detain the court or 
 prevent the trial list from being taken up and disposed of in regular order. Only one 
 cause was tried, and as there was no substantial defense to the plaintiff's claim, and the 
 
INTEENAl niPBOVEMENTS. 93 
 
 court absolutely refusing to listen to any other, though most feelingly importuned to 
 the contrary, it occupied but little time, and thus ended the circuit court, after a session 
 of about three hours ! 
 
 It would seem from the above statement that Judge Eogers had taken offense 
 at something and was resolved on getting out of the town as soon as possible, re- 
 gardless of the business of clients and attorneys. Perhaps his honor in coming 
 into the town over corduroy roads was so terribly shaken up, and his equanimity 
 .80 completely destroyed, that a night and a day failed to heal his bruises and restore 
 his temper, and he took revenge on the absent jurymen and the tavern keepers. 
 
 CHAPTEK VIII. 
 
 INTERNAL LMPROVK.MENTS, 
 
 First Traveled Ways— The State Line Survey— a Rutde Road Brushed Out 
 —The Williamson Road— Why and How It Was Built— a Princely Enter- 
 tainment IN the Wilderness— The Patterson Brothers— Morris state 
 Road— More Roads Laid Out— East and West st.vte Road— Era of Plank 
 Roads— Early Navigation Schemes- The Corning and Blossburo Railroad 
 —Morris Run and Arnot Branches— The Fall Brook Railroad- The 
 Cowanesque Branch— The Pine Creek Branch— El.mira and State Line 
 Railroad— The Addison and Pennsylvania Railroad— Othkr Railroads. 
 
 THE first roads in Tioga (.(uiiily wuro narrow Indian jmths, and it has been shown 
 how they ran. The early explorers and settlers followed them, or traviliMl by 
 caiioos on tlic river. In (.oiirso of time the most important of thosi- paths were 
 widened, or "brushed diit," by the settlers, and in sulisequent years became public 
 highways for the jiassiige of wheeled veliieles. 
 
 Jluntion has been made of the road cut through the wilderness by the State line 
 surveyors. This was the first road constructed by white men. It was a rude affair, 
 but it enabled the party to get their pack horses and provisions through, as well as to 
 curry forward their work. Being on the line separating the States of Pennsylvania 
 and New York, however, it did not jienetrate tlie interior of the territory of Tioga, 
 but it enabled a few of the earliest settlers to enter the country from the east and 
 tlien move south. This line was authorized to be run by the legislatures of the re- 
 spective States, and in ITSii Andrew Ellii-ott and Andrew Porter, on the part of Penn- 
 sylvania, and James Clinton and Simeon DeWitt, on the part of New York, were 
 ap|)ointed to perform the work. In their first report, which is dated October 12, 
 1786, they say they commenced "at the river Delaware in 42 degrees, north latitude," 
 and continued on the same parallel to the western e.xtrennty of the two States. The 
 first ninety miles from tlie i)oint of beginning ended on the "western side of the 
 
94 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 south branch of the Tioga river," at Lawreneeville. Here a substantial mile-stone 
 was set up, and for many years it was regarded as a conspicuous landmark. The last 
 boundary survey, made in 1893 — 107 years after the first — ^reported that the 
 "ninetieth mile-stone is a small monument standing about 100 feet north of State 
 street, in the village of Lawreneeville, at the northeast corner of Hallenback's bam, 
 and about 1,260 feet east of monument 319. It is on line between property of Kuehl 
 and Harraway." 
 
 The survey was not completed through to Lake Erie until the subsequent year. 
 EUicott and Porter continued to be the commissioners from Pennsylvania, but New 
 York was now represented by Abraham Hardenberg and William Morris. Their 
 final report was made October 29, 1787, accompanied by maps showing the topog- 
 raphy of the country from the Delaware river to Lake Erie. 
 
 In continuing the line westward from the ninetieth mile-stone, the commission- 
 ers say that they"marked the same in a lasting and permanent manner by mile-stones, 
 or posts surrounded by mounds of earth where stones could not be procured." The 
 stones, at the several points where the latitude was determined, were large and well 
 marked and contained on the south side, "Pennsylvania, latitude 43 degrees N., 
 1787, and also the variations of the magnetic needle; on the north New York and 
 their several distances from the Kiver Delaware." 
 
 In making the original survey the commissioners had to surmount great difficul- 
 ties on account of incompetent knowledge of the geography of the country, the 
 death of their horses, time taken up in making canoes, and treating with the Indians. 
 Their axemen and laborers had to cut a road through the wilderness to enable them 
 to run the line, as well as to convey provisions and stores for their sustenance and 
 comfort. The Indians at several points on the line — particularly in the country of 
 the Senecas — ^looked upon them with suspicion, notwithstanding peace prevailed, 
 and they had to cultivate friendly relations Avith them by making presents, and ex- 
 plain to them the object of their work. This was the first road therefore that pene- 
 trated what afterward became the northern part of Tioga county, and over it 
 traveled many of the early explorers and adventurers from the east in. search of 
 homes in the wilderness. 
 
 The last boundary survey was made in accordance with an act passed by the 
 Pennsylvania legislature in 1889, to co-operate with the authorities of New York in 
 accordance with the provisions of the law of 1887, to make an examination and in- 
 spection of the boundary line monuments between the two States. The commis- 
 sioners made an elaborate report under date of December 13, 1893, which may be 
 found in the report of the secretary of internal affairs for that year. They say that 
 the line was "monumented by a joint commission of the two States durin<^ the years 
 1881, 1883, 1883, 1884 and 1885. The monuments, with exception of the large 
 mitial monuments, are of Connecticut granite, of a reddish gray, coarse texture, 
 qmte hard and durable." 
 
 They say monument No. 268, and mile-stone 115, "Is a small monument 
 with diagonal grooves standing on a steep northwesterly slope on north 
 edge of thick woods, about 100 feet west of the summit of the ridge. It marks the 
 corners of Potter and Tioga counties, Pennsylvania. It is on line between properties 
 
INTEENAL ISIPB0VEMENT3. 95 
 
 of C. P. Gill and Ealph McCiillough. This monument was found to be in good con- 
 dition in every respect." 
 
 THE WILLIAMSON BOAD. 
 
 The next road through what afterwards constituted the territory of Tioga 
 county, was built by Charles Williamson, agent for the Pultney estate in the 
 "Genesee Country." The causes for the building of this great thoroughfare through 
 what was then almost an unknown wilderness, may be briefly stated: In November, 
 1?!)0, Phelps & Gorham by deed conveyed to Kobert Morris, of Philadelphia, 1,2.JU,- 
 000 acres of wild land lying in western New York and adjoining the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, in what was more particularly known as the " (Jenebee Country," in the 
 home of the Seneca Indians. April 11, 171*2, Mr. Morris conveyed by deed to 
 Charles Williamson the above tract, which has since been known as "The Pultney 
 Estate." While these enormous operations in land were being made, it was con- 
 templated to found a colony, composed of Europeans, in this wild region for the 
 purpose of improving the country and therefore appreciating the value of the land. 
 Consequently in the spring of 1792, Charles Williamson, who had been appointed 
 secret agent for Sir William Pultney, of Bath, England, arrived in this country and 
 established his headquarters at Northumberland, while making arrangements to 
 proceed to the magnificent domain that had been entrusted to his care and manage- 
 ment. And as a preliminary to beginning business in this country in due form, 
 Williamson took the oath of allegiance before the court in Pliiladelphia and became 
 a naturalized citizen. 
 
 While at Northumberland awaiting advices from his employer in England, 
 Williamson was informed that about 200 emigrants would reach him in due season, 
 and to make preparations to conduct them to their new home in the wilderness. 
 An important question now presented itself. Which was the better route to pursue 
 to reach the point of destination ? Up the Susquehanna by boat to Tioga Point, 
 thence by the Tioga river to a point as near the proposed place of settlement as 
 possible; or to cut a road by a direct route overland ? At that time the river route 
 WHS the only one known, but it was long, circuitous and danfjerous. With the large 
 number of immigrants under his charge, ^\'illiamson argued that a part of this force 
 at least might bo advaiitngeously used in the construction of the prdposed road, and 
 lie therefore set about making preparations to carry out the project. 
 
 As this road woidd be a benefit to the country as well, Williamson made appli- 
 cation to the Assembly for an appropriation to assist in its construction. After 
 «)nic discussion the small sum of £100 was gruilpinjrly appropriated. This was not 
 encouraging for such a great undertaking through 100 miles of wilderness, but it 
 was accepted. Williamson secured the services as guides of Robert and Benjamin 
 Patterson, two brothers residing at Xorthunilicrland. They had done distinguisheil 
 service as scouts and soldiers in the Kevoltitionar}' army, and especially in watching 
 and aiding in the repulse of the invading Indians on the West Branch of the Sus- 
 quehanna, and as scouts in the country through which this road was to pass. They 
 were familiar with the ground and therefore well equipjieil for the work. Their 
 father, William I'litterson, had distinguishetl himself in the French and Indian wars; 
 flieir mother wn.s a Boone, a near relative of Daniel Boone, the celebrated frontiers- 
 man. 
 
gg HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The work of cutting the road through the wilderness was commenced in May- 
 or June, 1792. According to the draft now on file in the land oface, it commenced 
 .at Loyalsock, passed through where Wilhamsport was afterwards built to Lycoming 
 creek, up which it ascended by the Indian path to Trout run. Here the builders 
 iairly entered the wilderness when they commenced the ascent of Trout run. The 
 forest was dense and gloomy, but by dint of hard work a road was made over Laurel 
 iill to the site of Liberty. From this point the site of Blossburg, on the Tioga river, 
 was reached. At Canoe Camp, eight miles down the river, the road was abandoned, 
 .and the party set to work making canoes out of the heavy timber which grew there. 
 Having a sufficient number completed they embarked and floated down the river to 
 Painted Post and then ascended the Conhocton to their point of destination, where 
 they founded the town of Bath. 
 
 It was the custom of Williamson and his party to establish depots for the storage 
 of provisions on the line of the road, and to erect a commodious log house to shelter 
 the women and children, and then advance with the axemen, roadmakers, etc., and 
 prepare the way. The "Block House" he established at what is now known as 
 Liberty borough was constructed of logs and was about 30x40 feet in size. In front 
 of it was erected a large bake oven, in which bread was baked for the party. This 
 block house stood in the midst of a heavy forest of timber and it remained there for 
 years as a famous historic landmark. 
 
 Blossburg, or "Peter's Camp," was the next station where a depot was estab- 
 lished. It took its name from a man named Peter. At Canoe Camp, eight 
 miles down the Tioga river, the work of road building was temporarily abandoned, 
 ■on account of the lateness of the season, and the party floated down stream in canoes 
 which they had hurriedly constructed. 
 
 The next station was Apple Island, near Painted Post, and the last was about 
 midway between Painted Post and Bath, the point of destination, which they 
 reached in December. While Williamson and his party were tarrying at Peter's 
 •Camp (now Blossburg),^ Eobert and Benjamin Patterson discovered coal, which was 
 then pronounced by the English immigrants, "stone coal," to distinguish it from 
 -charcoal or wood coal. This was in September or October, 1793. 
 
 This thoroughfare was not finally completed until the summer of 1796, and it 
 was regarded as one of the greatest successes of the times. It opened a country 
 Mtherto almost unknown, and shortened the distance between Northumberland and 
 Painted Post almost 100 miles. 
 
 The undertaking was of such magnitude as to have almost deterred any other 
 man but Williamson from beginning it. But being endowed with indomitable per- 
 severance, tenacity of purpose and a well-balanced head, he accomplished what 
 would have appalled and discouraged scores of others. But one of the great factors 
 in the enterprise— one of the essential attributes to ultimate success — was in being 
 backed by plenty of money by his English employers. Of course he had many difii- 
 ■eulties to surmount and many discouragements to meet. The motley crowd of im- 
 migrants he was conducting through the wilderness was hard to govern— at times re- 
 bellious—and he was forced to be vigilant as well as rigorous. Unaccustomed to 
 life in the wilderness, and having little knowledge of such work as was required in 
 idling trees and road building, they were often a detriment instead of an advantage 
 
7 71 X r^^ c. 
 
IXTEBNAL IMPBOVEMENTS. 97 
 
 to the real laborers. At times provisions ran low — as every pound of stores had to 
 be transported on pack horses from Northiimberland — when discouragements would 
 set in. At Canoe Camp they became short of sugar, coffee and flour, when one of 
 the Pattersons went through the wilderness forty miles to Tioga Point (now Athens) 
 and purchased provisions, which were poled up the Tioga river in boats to Apple 
 Island, where the famishing immigrants met them and a grand feast and joDifi cation 
 followed. Those who, only a few hours before, were mutinous at Canoe Camp, now, 
 that they were provided with provisions, fell upon the necks of their deliverers, 
 kissed them, and wept for joy. 
 
 It is hard to estimate the value of this great improvement and its advantages 
 in after years to the country and the people. The larger part of it ran almost due 
 north and south through the entire eastern part of what afterwards became the 
 county of Tioga. It was the first great improvement in the way of road building in 
 this part of Pennsylvania. The path cut by the boundary line survi-yurs in 178T, 
 ran along the northern limit of what became Tioga county; the Williamson road 
 penetrated it from north to south and furnished an outlet to the country lying south. 
 At the time of the construction of this road there were at least l.'),ou(),U(i(» acres of 
 land in Pennsylvania west and north of Williamsport, and 12,000,000 acres west and 
 north of Painted Post, making an aggi-egate of 27,000,000 acres upon which no 
 white man dwelt ! 
 
 When the great road — it was great for the time in wliich it was built — was com- 
 pleted, Williamson was so elated over the success nf his enter])rise that he resolved on 
 having some kind of a jubilee at his wilderness home in honor of the event. He eim- 
 ceived the idea of having a rude theater built in which there could be plays ni^'htly 
 while the festivities lasted. A nni} tnwk was also projected, on which some of the 
 •finest horses of the time could be e.xercised. 
 
 What a bold conception for a pioneer in the wilderness, hundreds of miles from 
 the center of civilization ! But a man of such daring enterprise as Williamson did 
 not regard failure as ])o.ssible. He at once set about making preparations for the 
 grand event, and although it was not to occur within the territory of what afterwards 
 became the coimty of Tioga, yet it felt the quickening influences of such a vii>t 
 undertaking and profited thereby. 
 
 His plans having been completed, Williamson issued circulars and handbills, 
 setting forth in glowing terms what he proposed doing, and inviting the citizens of 
 Albany, Utica, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Xorthumberland, Lancaster, Har- 
 risburg, Richmond, Williamsburg, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, Baltimore, Easton, 
 Trenton, Wilkcs-Barre, and numerous other places to come and enjoy the sport. 
 Owiu'rs of fleet horses were invited to be present and enter them for the races. A 
 Iil)eral hospitality was to be extended to all, and they were assured that by visiting 
 his sylvan home in the land of the Six Nations they would not only be surprised, but 
 delighted. In his glowing description, and portrayal of the pleasures to be enjoyed, 
 Williamson did not omit speaking of his manor, the fertility of the soil, the abund- 
 ance of timber, the innumerable springs, rivers, lakes, inhabited by fish of the most 
 delieinus flavor, the cheapness of comer lots in the city of Bath and the golden op- 
 portunity afforded the investor to secure a home in the garden of the Six Nations. 
 7 
 
98 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 His circulars and handbills were read at the State and National Capitols to 
 grave members and senators and by the sporting fraternity generally. He also in- 
 formed the public that he had stationed at Utica, Albany and New York, on the 
 east, and at Northumberland, Harrisburg, Carlisle, Lancaster, Philadelphia, 
 Easton, Eeading, Alexandria and Eichmond, on the south, trusted and tried guides 
 who would meet and conduct gentlemen and their suites to his far-famed city upon 
 the waters of the upper Susquehanna. 
 
 The reader of to-day can scarcely comprehend the daring proposition of this 
 bold Scotchman of 100 years ago, when the country was wild and the sullenly re- 
 tiring savages yet lingered on the very outskirts of this settlement — not as foes, for 
 their confederacy had been broken by gallant Anthony Wayne, but as curious spec- 
 tators of what the pale face proposed doing in the land where they had dwelt for 
 many moons. 
 
 His project proved a grand success. For weeks the Williamson road to Bath 
 presented one continuous procession from the south — ^from Maryland, Delaware, 
 New Jersey and Virginia. The travelers left the shores of the James, the Potomac, 
 the Patapsco, the Delaware, the Susquehanna, the Schuylkill, the Lehigh and the 
 Passaic, and journeyed over this road through the county of Lycoming, which had 
 just been organized, and extended to the New York State line. It was a curious 
 as well as imposing spectacle, and the straggling savages who yet lingered in the 
 shades of the wilderness, peered at it from the bushes with awe, for they could not 
 divine its object. It was to them one of the incomprehensible freaks of the race that 
 seemed destined to drive them they knew not whither. 
 
 As the entire distance from Williamsport to Bath— more than 100 miles— lay 
 through a dense forest, the journey was long and fatiguing. In some instances the 
 block houses built by Williamson were used as temporary stopping places over night,' 
 but the parties generally camped by the wayside. Many of these bands of travelers 
 from the south were accompanied by negro slaves, whose duty it was to cook for 
 their masters and care for the horses. 
 
 The races came off in September, 1796, and lasted for several weeks. Among 
 the entries were Virginia Nell, by Charles Williamson, and Silk Stocking by 
 William Dunn, both of Bath. Virginia Nell was the pride of the Marylanders' and 
 Virgimans, while Silk Stocking, the winner, was backed by New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
 vama. New York and Canada. There were races during the daytime and theatrical 
 performances at night, which made one complete round of pleasure and excitement. 
 These scenes of gaiety were among the most remarkable ever witnessed in any coun- 
 try; remarkable because of their occurrence in the heart of a wilderness, far from the 
 habitations of men, and for years they were a theme of conversation among those 
 who had participated in them and enjoyed the princely hospitality of the host The 
 effect was as anticipated, it advertised Bath far and wide, and gave Williamson 
 the prominence which he sought. 
 
 Por thirty years the Williamson road was the great thoroughfare between 
 southern and western Ne^ York, and northern and central Pennsylvania, and con- 
 tributed more towards the settlement of the country through which it ran, than any 
 other agency In early times the road was also a thoroughfare for drovers, raftsmen 
 and emigrants, and for many years stage lines ran over it between Painted Post and 
 
INTEHXAL IMPEOVEMEXTS. 99 
 
 WilliamBport. Many distinguished men of early days passed over it, not the least 
 of whom was Aaron Burr, who visited Williamson about the time he was forming 
 his conspiracy for his southwestern confederacy. During the War of 1812 many 
 soldiers enroute for Buffalo and Canada passed over it, and returned the same way. 
 
 Charles Williamson, the projector of this great enterprise, was a Scotchman by 
 birth, and an officer in the English army during the Eevolutionary War. He was 
 captured by the French, the allies of the Americans, and held a prisoner in Boston 
 until the close of the war. When he founded Bath he built houses and mills, cleared 
 the land, opened farms, built other roads and did a vast amount of work to reclaim 
 the country. He was the first judge of Steuben county, in 1796, and its first member 
 of Assembly, and caused an act to be passed enabling him to convey the vast property 
 to Sir William Pultney, of Bath, England. After completing his legal business and 
 surrendering his trust he sailed for I^njiland and died of fever while at sea. 
 
 At a meeting of the commissioners held October 1, 1811, instructions were given 
 to Aaron Bloss and Samuel Iligley to amend that part of the Williamson road lying 
 between the Block House and Peter's Camp. 
 
 On the 19th of the same month the commissioners, according to a minute on 
 their journal, gave to Andrew D. Hepburn an order to the state treasurer for the 
 sum of $500, being the appropriation allowed for the Williamson road betwen Aaron 
 Bloss' and the south line of Tioga county. Mr. Hepburn wa.s a prominent business 
 man of Williamsport, and it is probable that he had advanced this sum for the im- 
 provement of the road. 
 
 In 1817 Aaron Bloss and others petitioned the legislature to appropriate $10,- 
 000 to improve this road, so as to make it a better outlet toward the south over which 
 to haul coal, the mining of which was then in its infancy. Tioga county, at that 
 time, being a comparative wilderness, the legislature could not see the wisdom of 
 expending sq large a sum to give its few inhabitants the benefits of a first-class high- 
 way, and the appropriation asked for was refused. 
 
 THE PATTERSON BROTHERS. 
 
 The faithful guides — Robert and Benjamin Patterson — settled in the old town 
 of Painted Post, in 1797, after their contract with Williamson expired. They con- 
 veyed their household effects in boats from Northumberland up the river via Tioga 
 Point, while their cattle were driven over the Williamson road. Robert Patterson, 
 about the year 1804, removed to Lindley — still mthin the limits of the old town of 
 Painted Post — where lie purchased 1,000 acres of land and resided until his death, 
 October 2, 1840. A few days before his death he had the satisfaction of seeing a 
 locomotive with a train of cars pass through his farm on the Coming and Blossburg 
 railroad, running parallel to the Williamson road, which he had located through 
 the wilderness nearly fifty years before. 
 
 Some time during the year 1858 or 1850, the dwelling house of Benjamin Pat- 
 terson, son of Robert Patterson, was consumed by fire, and a large amount of valu- 
 able data pertaining to tlio historj' of Xorthumberland (now Lycoming) county 
 during the Revolutionary War, and the building of the Williamson road, were con- 
 sumed. Grace Adelaide, second daughter of Benjamin Patterson, and grand-daugh- 
 ter of Robert Patterson, who married John L. Sexton, of Blossburg, remembers well 
 
1QQ HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 having both seen and read many of the incidents set forth in the foregoing notes 
 relating to the building of this road and the part her ancestor bore in the work. Her 
 husband, Mr. Sexton, also testifies to the same, and regrets exceedingly the loss of 
 the historical treasure. 
 
 MOHEIS STATE EGAD. 
 
 Several years passed after the construction of the Williamson road before it 
 became necessary to lay out any more roads. Settlers were slow to penetrate the 
 heavily timbered regions in the northern part of Lycoming county, because they 
 generally found more inviting localities in the valleys and along the river. When 
 explorers did have occasion to penetrate what was then regarded as the "imknown 
 wilderness," they traveled by the Williamson road. 
 
 In the meantime, however, the Pine Creek Land Compny had been formed. 
 Morris and several of his friends had founded a settlement near the site of Texas, Ly- 
 coming county, and it soon became apparent that there must be an outlet to 
 the settlements on the river. A road, known as the "State Koad," was projected 
 from ISTewberry to a point near Painted Post. Application was made to the legisla- 
 ture, and an act authorizing its construction was passed and approved April 8, 1799, 
 which may be foimd in Smith's Laws, volume III., p. 375, as follows: 
 
 Whereas, Many respectable inhabitants of the county of Lycoming « * » 
 have presented their petitions to the legislature stating that the present road [William- 
 sou road ] from the town of Newberry, near the mouth of Lycoming creek to the Genesee 
 country is extremely bad, so as to be passable with great difficulty, and judging that a 
 road might be opened by a new course — and it is reasonable that the prayer of the peti- 
 tioners should be granted upon the terms hereinafter mentioned, therefore 
 
 Be it, etc., That the Governor * * * be authorized to receive proposals for lay- 
 ing out and opening a road, not less than twenty feet wide, from the town of Newberry 
 
 * * * to Morris' Mills ; from thence by the best and most direct route to the 
 northeast corner of Strawbridge's marsh, or as near thereto as may be ; and from thence 
 by the nearest and best route to the 109th mile-stone on the line dividing this State from 
 the State of New York, or as near as may be, which road, when surveyed, laid out and 
 opehed, as aforesaid, is hereby declared to be a public highway. 
 
 That the expense of laying out and surveying the said road, and all charges incident 
 thereto, shall in the first instance be paid by such of the citizens of the county of Lycom- 
 ing, or other persons, as may think proper to subscribe for the purpose of defraying the 
 expense thereof. 
 
 That after the said road shall have been laid out and opened * * » the 
 Governor shall appoint a suitable person to view the said road and make report to him ; 
 and if it shall appear by said report that a road or cartway is actually laid out and 
 opened between the town of Newberry, and the 109th mile-stone on the State line 
 
 * * * then in that case the Governor is hereby authorized to draw Ms warrant on 
 the State Treasurer for the sum of $3,000 to reimburse the person or persons who 
 w^ere the subscribers for opening and laying out said road. 
 
 According to the brief records that have been preserved, the road was put 
 under contract July 36, 1799, and finished late that year, or early in 1800. The 
 contractor was Benjamin Wistar Morris, with Gideon H. Wells and Thomas 
 Greeves as securities. They were members of the Pine Creek Land Company, and 
 of course deeply interested in the construction of the new road. Samson Babb, who 
 had purchased land from the company, was also interested and assisted in building 
 
INTEBNAL IMPEOVEMZXTS. 101 
 
 the road, in order to have an outlet. It is probable that the Land Company fur- 
 nished the greater part of the money required, independent of the state appropria- 
 tion, and the work was pushed by Contractor Morris. 
 
 The completion of the road was officially reported to the governor by Hon. 
 William Wilson, of Williamsport, who had been selected for that purpose in accord- 
 ance with the act, whereupon his excellency authorized the pajrment of the 
 $3,000. The additional amount subscribed by citizens is unknown, as the papers 
 have been lost. It is probable that Morris and other parties were liberal sub- 
 scribers, as they were among the original projectors of the enterprise and were 
 largely benefited by it. 
 
 The State road at first was little better than a "cartway through the wilder- 
 ness," but it became the great highway of the time and much travel passed over it 
 for many years. Portions of it are still in use and its route is pointed out by the 
 older inhabitants. Newberry at that time was the center of commercial business 
 on the river, and the supplies for the pioneers in Tioga township had to be obtained 
 there and transported over the State road. 
 
 The draft of this road, which is still preserved in the land office at Harrisburfr, 
 shows the courses and distances throughout the entire route. It was made 
 from the notes of Samuel Scott, by William Gray, the celebrated surveyor of that 
 time, for submission to the governor, as part of the report to be made by Commis- 
 sioner Wilson. The disiniices from Newberry, the starting jMiint, are piven as 
 follows; To Brook's house, four and one-half miles; to Hoagland's run, eiplit and 
 one-half miles; to Larry's creek, or Cogan's, sixteen miles; to crossing of Third 
 Fork of Pine creek, at the marsh, twenty-four miles; to Morris' mill, twenty-eight 
 miles; to the 109th mile-post, seventy-three and one-half miles. 
 
 The 109th mile-stone, as described in the last report on the State line suney, 
 "is a small monument standing in cleared land at the west edge of the summit of a 
 gravel bluff, north of Troup's creek, 978 feet west of monument No. 2'>x. It is on 
 the line between the property of H. Murdock and Edward Murdock." 
 
 MOKE BOADS LAID OfT. 
 
 After the completion of the State road from Newberry the people seem to have 
 been satisfied with their thoroughfares for a few years, for we find no record of any 
 further attempt at road making for three years. On the quarter sessions docket for 
 December, lS(in, we find "the return of a road from the First Fork of Pine creek to 
 Morris' [State] road near the fifty-first mile tree." It appears that James Kooken, 
 John English, Moses Wilson, James Yarnall and John Norris, the viewers ap- 
 pointed to lay out the road, reported that they had performed the duty assigned 
 them, in these words: "Beginning at the Krst Fork of Piiu- creek, thence north 
 five degrees east 220 perches, etc., to the fifty-first mile tree on the State road, which 
 they adjudged necessary to public use." The report was confirmed by the court. 
 
 Anotlier year passed before we find any reference to roads. At December ses- 
 sions, ISO t, William Willard, AVilliam Withington. Josiah White, John Kileny and 
 Jesse Ijosey, who had been appointed to "view and lay out a road from Morris' 
 [State] road down Crooked creek to Williamson's" road, made a favorable report. 
 
1Q2 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 It commenced "at a white pine on the forks of Crooked creek" and continued imtil it 
 intersected the Williamson road leading north. The court confirmed the report. 
 
 After a lapse of another two years we find that at May sessions, 1806, "William 
 Ellis, Moses Wilson, Israel Merrick, Shack Stradley and Caleb Boyer, the persons 
 appointed to view and lay out a road from William Ellis' mill, beginning on the 
 margin of Pine creek and running to a "boundary lot in the Delmar purchase, in 
 the tenure of Israel Merrick," made report that they had performed the work as- 
 signed them. The record shows that the report was confirmed at September ses- 
 sions, 1806. 
 
 At the December sessions of the same year as the foregoing, the record informs 
 us that a "road was laid out from the State road down the Cowanesque to the State 
 line," and that Ebenezer Taylor, Timothy Coates, Hopestill Beecher and Abel Cady 
 were the viewers. Their report states that they commenced "at a buttonwood tree 
 marked on the State road near the Cowanesque creek — ^thence through by Cady's 
 field to intersect Williamson's road near the Cowanesque." Their report was con- 
 firmed at the same session of court. This road evidently intersected the Williamson 
 road near what is now Lawrenceville, and was a connecting link between the two 
 thoroughfares. 
 
 A road was laid out in the latter part of 1806 from the State line to the mouth 
 of Crooked creek, and the report of the viewers was confirmed at February sessions, 
 1807. From the proceedings of May sessions, 1807, it appears that Wathaniel Allen, 
 Ezra Spaulding, Fathan Fellows, William Benjamin, John Cummins and Ebenezer 
 Thewald, laid out a road from Ezra Spaulding's to the New York State line. Their 
 report was confirmed at the same court. 
 
 From a report made at JSTovember sessions, 1807, it appears that William 
 Benjamin, David Eeynolds, John ISTorris, John Sloan, Joseph Williamson and 
 William Watson, viewed and laid out a road from the Block House to the State 
 road, and it was confirmed by the same court. This was another connecting link 
 between these two great thoroughfares. 
 
 EAST AND WEST STATE BOAD. 
 
 The next important road, after the Williamson and State roads, was the one 
 projected from the Moosic mountains in a westerly direction. In pursuance of an 
 act of the legislature, passed April 4, 1807, providing for the appointment of a 
 commission to explore and lay out this road to the western bounds of the State, 
 Henry Donnel and George Haines were appointed the commissioners. They made 
 a survey and reported that they had laid out the road according to instructions. 
 It crossed the river at Towanda, proceeded up Sugar creek, thence through East 
 Troy, entered Tioga county in what is now Sullivan township, and ran west 
 through Covington, Charleston and Delmar to Wellsboro. From this point it pro- 
 ceeded westwardly through Tioga and Potter counties. 
 
 This road, although a "rough and rugged one," became an important thor- 
 oughfare for early times, and hundreds of weary emigrants from the east in search 
 of homes m Tioga county and the "Genesee Country," passed over it. Those going 
 to Bath and other points in Steuben county, followed it until it intersected the 
 Williamson road, when they took the latter and bore down the Tioga river. Many 
 
INTEHXAL IMPROVEMENTS. 103 
 
 of the New England settlers in Tioga, who came from the eastern part of Brad- 
 ford and the western part of Luzerne counties, came over it. The trouble about 
 land titles in the latter counties caused many persons to seek new homes in what 
 was then the wilds of Tioga; and from this cause Tioga gained largely of that 
 hardy, enterprising and progressive element known as Xew P^nglanders, which has 
 left its impress and individuality on the country to this day. 
 
 Emigrants from other parts of Pennsylvania and from the States of Delaware, 
 Maryland and Virginia fotmd their way into the covmty by way of the Williamson 
 and State roads from Newberry. 
 
 At a meeting of the commissioners on October 1, 1811, instructions were 
 given to Israel Merrick, Bethlehem Thompson and WiUiara Matthews to open the 
 East and West road leading from Wellsboro to the Big Meadows. 
 
 EBA OF PLANK BOADS. 
 
 When the era of plank road building set in the citizens of certain parts of 
 Tioga caught the infection. These roads weru generally projected for places where 
 railroads were not available. In 1848 the Tioga and Elmira Plank Road Company 
 was incorporated. The object of the road was to connect with another leading 
 out of Elmira up Seeley creek to the State line, the distance to Elmira from Tioga 
 being about twenty-three milu.';. As work was not commenccil by this company in 
 1848, a supplement to the act was passed April 5, 1841), extending the time for 
 building the road seven years. This act was suppluraentiMl by anotluT May 14, 
 1850, creating the Tioga and Lawrencuv illc ('ompany, with powiT to extend the 
 road to Wellsboro, and repealing the acts of 1848 and 1811). This act created a 
 new body of incorporators and empowered them to take possession of the highway. 
 
 That portion of the road between Tioga and Wellsboro was soon put under 
 Contract and finished, and for many years it was extensively traveled. When the 
 plank wore out the company obtained a supplement to the charter permitting them 
 to convert the road into a turnpike, which was done. 
 
 EARLY NAVIOATIOX SCHEMES. 
 
 The construction of numerous public roads during the first quarter of the pres- 
 ent century, opened up avenues of communication between the different sections of 
 the county and made the county seat accessible to the citizens of the various town- 
 ships. They also enabled the settlers to reach Williamsport, Painted Post, Elmira, 
 Athens, Towanda and otlier trading points, with such products as they desired to 
 market or exchange for articles needed in their homes or on their farms. With 
 the increase of hinibcriiii: operations, as well as a constantly increasing surplus of 
 farm products, the inadequacy of these facilities began to be felt. The journeys 
 over rough and poorly-worked roads was tedious and toilsome, and the time con- 
 sumed in going and returning rendered it next to impossible to realize a profit on 
 the products marketed. Some better way of accomplishing their marketing and 
 trading was needed. The railroad being in its infancy, the canal gave the only 
 promise of meeting' the admitted needs of the people, and accordingly jilans for 
 either renderiiif,' the principal streams of the county navigable by a system of im- 
 provements, or making them feeders for canals, were numerous, and were made the 
 topics of town talk and public discussion. 
 
104 niSTOBY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 In 1817 the legislature declared the Tioga and Cowanesque rivers and Crooked 
 creek navigable streams. (Pine creek had been declared navigable in 1798.) It was 
 thought that the Tioga river, running north into the State of New York, could be 
 so improved as to render it safe for arks loaded with coal, then beginning to be 
 slowly developed at Blossburg, and which it was early foreseen was destined to be- 
 come a great article of commerce, if a demand could be created for it; or, in other 
 words, if means for its transportation could be provided. The first step, therefore, 
 was to make the river navigable. 
 
 In order to secure a better outlet overland toward the south, Aaron Bloss and 
 others, in 1817, petitioned the Pennsylvania legislature to appropriate $10,000 
 toward improving the William.son road over the mountains from Blossburg to Ly- 
 coming creek, and Williamsport. But the legislature could not see the wisdom of 
 appropriating that amount of money to build a good road into what was regarded 
 as a wild and inhospitable region, and refused the petition. 
 
 Undaunted, however, by this failure to secure a better outlet to the south, 
 agitation was continued in behalf of water navigation. Committees were appointed 
 in Tioga county to confer with the citizens in the adjoining counties on the north, 
 and strong efforts made to enlist their co-operation and support. In 1826 Uriah 
 Spencer was appointed one of a committee to draft an address to the governor of 
 New York in furtherance of a canal from the head of Seneca lake to the Pennsyl- 
 vania line at Lawrenceville, to be continued thence by Pennsylvania authority to the 
 coal mines at Blossburg. He and Samuel W. Morris were chosen a committee to 
 present a petition to the legislature of New York, and Mr. Spencer visited Albany 
 for that purpose in February, 1827. 
 
 The continued agitation throughout the country of the water navigation pro- 
 ject, finally resulted in the passage of an act in March, 1823, for the improvement 
 of the Susquehanna from Northumberland to Columbia, and it was expected by 
 the citizens of Tioga county that as soon as this work was completed the upper 
 waters of the Susquehanna would receive the favorable consideration of the legis- 
 lature, and they would be benefited to some extent. 
 
 This was the first step in the great plan for internal improvement by utilizing 
 the rivers. The next was the act of February 30, 1836, known as the General 
 Improvement Law, which, among other things, authorized the organization of the 
 Tioga Navigation Company. This law gave the people great encouragement. No 
 time was lost in making preparations to start the improvement. A company was 
 formed and Miller Fox, of Towanda, an eminent civil engineer, employed to make 
 a survey and an estimate of the cost of putting the stream into a navigable con- 
 dition. A fine drawing of the proposed canal has been preserved and may be seen 
 at the office of Jerome B. Niles, Wellsboro. Considerable work was done In 1836 
 a number of arks were built by different parties and loaded with coal. It was in- 
 tended to run them down the river and connect with the Chemung canal which 
 had been completed to Corning. But the arks were sunk before any great distance 
 had been made, and this mode of navigation was abandoned. 
 
 There was increased interest in the mining of coal, but the lack of transportation 
 to market kept the business back. In 1838 the Arbon Coal Company was formed at 
 Blossburg and James E. Wilson was chosen its first president. Another company 
 
IXTEKNAL IMPKOVEMEXTS. JQS 
 
 known as the Arbon Land Company, was ako organized ty the same stockholders, 
 its purpose being to promote the building and early completion of the railroad 
 from Coming to Blossburg. 
 
 THE COEXIXG AND BLOSSBCEG BAILBOAD. 
 
 It having become apparent that transportation by water was not feasible,, 
 attention was directed to the railroad, which then seemed to be the coming method. 
 The Tioga Navigation Company caught the spirit of the hour and obtained from 
 the legislature a supplement to its charter, authorizing it to construct a railroad 
 from Blossburg to the State line at Lawrenceville. The distance was about twenty- 
 five miles and the road was to run parallel with the river. This was an important 
 movement and marked the beginning of a new era in the history of Tioga county. 
 At the same time a company was formed to construct a railroad from the head of 
 canal navigation at Painted Post to intersect the Blossburg railroad at Lawrenceville. 
 This would afford an outlet for the coal. The entire line was completed from 
 Corning to Blossburg in 1810, reaching the latter place in September of that year. 
 between which time and January 1, 1841, 4,235 tons of coal were sent over it to 
 market. Compared with the magnificently equi])pe(l lines of tn-day, it wn.-; but a 
 crude afl'air. Strap rails, laid on stringers were used, and the rolling stock was e.x- 
 ceedingly primitive. In 1853 the strap rails were rci)laced by the more modern T 
 rail, and the roadbed and equipment greatly im])r<ive(], the lion. John Magee having, 
 in the meantime, become the owner of that portion of the line north of Lawrence- 
 ville. 
 
 In 1858 a line, four miles in length, was surveyed from Blossburg to .Morris 
 Run, where new coal mines were being then opened up by the Morris Run Coal 
 Company. This line was constructed under the direction of Col. Pharon Jarrett, 
 of Lock Haven, and was opened for traffic in October, 1S.1;5. 
 
 The Blossburg Coal Company was incorporated by an act of the legislature 
 approved April 11, 1866, for the purpose of opening mines on Johnson's creek, at 
 what is now the village of Arnot, four miles southwest of Blossburg, fmm which 
 place a railroad was constructed to the mines in the year named. In IHH'i and 
 1883 the Arnot and Pine Creek Railroad Company extended this mad to Hoytville, 
 in Morris township, a distance of twelve miles. 
 
 Though constructed by different companies and operated as separate ronils for 
 years, the last two named were dependent upon the Corning and Blossburg road for 
 an outlet down the valley of the Tioga river. This was secured by traffic arrange- 
 ments maintiiinod until December, 18S4. when the control of the three lines passed 
 into the hands of the "Erie," and they have since remained a part of that system. 
 
 THK F.VLL BROOK R.VILROAD. 
 
 In March, 1S.")9, the Fall Brook Coal Company was chartered by the legislature. 
 The bill granting tiie charter was, however, vetoed by <;overnor Packer, but was 
 passed over his veto and heenme a law. In this year the company opened mines 
 at Fall Brook, seven miles east of Blosshurg, to which a line of railroad was surveyed 
 and constructed. This line, seven miles in length, was the beginning of the Fall 
 Brook system in Tioga county. The principal owner of the railroad and thr mines 
 
106 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 was Hon. John Magee, of Bath, ISTew York, who some years before had come into 
 possession of that part of the Corning and Blossburg railroad lying between Corn- 
 ing and Lawrenceville, to reach which with the product of his Pall Brook mines 
 he made a trafSc arrangement with the owners of that portion of the line between 
 Lawrenceville and Blossburg. 
 
 In 1866 the Fall Brook Coal Company commenced exploring for coal on the 
 moimtains near Wilson creek, a tributary of Babb's creek, about twelve miles 
 south of Wellsboro, and rich mines were discovered. The lands were purchased by 
 the Pall Brook Coal Company and a new outlet became necessary. This resulted 
 in the incorporation, April 4, 1867, of the Lawrenceville and "Wellsboro Eailroad 
 Company. A preliminary survey of the road was commenced in September of that 
 year. Hon. Henry Sherwood took a deep interest in the construction of this road, 
 and served as president for some time. 
 
 The road was opened in May, 1873, with a great celebration, which was at- 
 tended by many distinguished persons from other parts of the country, among them 
 being William E. Dodge and Governor Seymour, of Kew York. At Coming the 
 road connects with the Syracuse, Geneva and Corning, which gives direct commimi- 
 cation with central New York, as well as east and west by the New York, Lake Erie 
 and Western railroad. 
 
 The Cowanesque Branch. — Before the completion of the new road from Law- 
 renceville to Antrim, a movement was started to build a road up the Cowanesque. 
 This valley was the richest agricultural portion of the county, and as it contained a 
 number of villages, it was important that they should have a railroad outlet. The 
 work of construction was commenced at once and the road was completed from Law- 
 renceville to Elkland, a distance of twelve miles, by September 15, 1873. In. 1883 
 it was extended to Westfield, and later through Potter Brook to Ulysses, in Potter 
 coiinty. 
 
 In 1840 when the New York and Erie railroad was located, it was thought by 
 many that it should have passed through the Cowanesque to Clean. Years after- 
 ward a line was surveyed by Horatio Seymour, and on it the present road was built. 
 The Cowanesque branch was leased to the main line, and the whole is known as 
 the Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim line. Prom Corning to Antrim the distance 
 IS fifty-three miles. At Stokesdale Junction it leaves the Pine Creek road and 
 runs through Wellsboro to Antrim, a distance of seventeen miles. 
 
 The Pine Creek Branch.~FoT many years efforts had been made to build a raU- 
 road down Pme creek to connect with the Philadelphia and Erie at Jersey Shore, 
 or the Eeading at Williamsport. This was regarded as an important link, as it would 
 afford an outlet for Tioga county to the south. In furtherance of this object the 
 
 J7Jr^T' ^'"'^ ^""^ ^'^^^^^ ^^^l^^-i Company was chartered, February 
 
 17, 1870, the proposed line to run from Jersey Shore, Lycoming county, up Pine 
 creek *« Ansonia; thence along the same stream to Gaines, and thence to Couders- 
 port and Port Allegheny. The survey was made and the right of way obtained, 
 but nothing further was accomplished in this county until a new company was 
 organized and the route changed to run from Ansonia to Stokesdale Junction. 
 
 ^hZZ77ZTJ"" "^"'''^ ^^ ^"^^^^^' 1«S^' by t^^ ^^^^^^^^ of Hon. Henry 
 Sherwood, of Wellsboro, president; George J. Magee, of Watkins, vice-president; 
 
INTEENAL UtPBOVElEENTS. 107 
 
 William Howell, of Antrim, secretary; Anton Hardt, of Wellsboro, chief engineer, 
 and Cornelius Vanderbilt, of New York, treaBurer. The executive committee was 
 composed of the following gentlemen: Henry Sherwood, Jefferson Harrison, Anton 
 Hardt, W. H. Vanderbilt, W. K. Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vanderbilt and George J. 
 Magee. The directors were W. H. Vanderbilt, W. K. Vanderbilt, Cornelius Van- 
 derbilt, Augustus Schell, George J. Magee, William Howell, E. G. Schieffelin, 
 Henry Sherwood, Walter Sherwood, Jefferson Harrison, Jerome B. Xiles, Anton 
 Hardt and John W. Bailey. 
 
 No time was lost in pushing the work of construction. The stockholders 
 decided that the road should be built to Williamsport, where connection could be 
 made with the Philadelphia and Reading road. The charter formerly belonged 
 to the Eeading, but by a business arrangement it passed into the hands of the ^'an- 
 derbilts, George J. Magee and their associates. The line was built from Williams- 
 port, up Pine creek, to the mouth of Marsh creek, at xVnsonia; thence up ilarsh 
 creek through the Big Meadows to Stokesdale Junction, connecting with the Com- 
 ing, Cowanesque and Antrim railway. It was completed and opened June 4, 1883, 
 and at once became an important thoroughfare and outlet to the south. The road 
 runs through an exceedingly wild and romantic region, the Pino Cioek canon not 
 being excelled in natural grandeur by any other point touched by rail in the Alle- 
 gheny mountains. 
 
 The road is operated as part of the Fall Brook systoin, and in efficiency of 
 management is surpased by no other single-track road in the State. The distance 
 from Wellsboro to Williamsport is eighty-two miles, and three passenger trains are 
 run daily each way. The company operates 375 miles of main track and 118 miles 
 of side tracks. There are 3,700 cars in its equipment. The Coming railway shops 
 fiirnish employment to 617 workmen, including the engineers, firemen, inspectors 
 at junction points, etc. The total pay-roll includes the names of from 1,800 to 
 2,200 men, according to business. The main line runs from Lyons, New York, to 
 Williamsport, Pennsylvania, a distance of 187 miles. There are four branches, as fol- 
 lows: The Fall Brook, the Penn Yan, the Cowanesque, and the' Antrim. And 
 remarkable as it may seem, the company has never killed a passenger. The Fall 
 Brook railway stands at the head of single-track railways in this country. Its 
 freight traffic for the year ending June 30, 1896, aggregated 6,."j.j9,590 tons— more 
 than a half million tons greater than during any former year in its history. The 
 methods of the Fall Brook company are far ahead of all others in systematic manage- 
 ment and effective results. The company operates over eighty-seven miles of rail- 
 way within the limits of Tioga county. 
 
 The principal officers are: Goorjje J. JIagee, president; John Lang, first vice- 
 president; W. H. Northrup, passenger agent; G. R. Brown, general superintendent. 
 
 THK ELMIRA A.ND STATE LINE RAILRO.VD. 
 
 The coal business of Tioga had grown to such proportions that another outlet 
 by rail was demanded; and in April, 1872, the Elmira and State Line railroad, 
 running from Klmira to a point near Lawrenceville, was chartered and soon after 
 put under contnut. The road was finished in October, 187(5. A great celebration 
 followed the opening, at which toasts were drunk and speeches made. After leaving 
 the Tioga valley tlie road bears off through the townsliip of Jackson and then 
 
2^Qg HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 descends to the valley of the Chemung, intersecting the Northern. Central about, 
 two miles south of Elmira. Soon after the opening it was consolidated with the- 
 Tioga road, as the Tioga and Elmira State Line railroad. The distance from Elmira 
 to Blossburg is forty-six miles; and from the latter place to Hoytville, whither it 
 extends, the distance is fifteen miles, making the entire length of the line sixty-one 
 miles. Of this distance thirty-five miles belong in Tioga county. The line is oper- 
 ated by the Erie Kailroad Company as the Tioga division. 
 
 THE ADDISON AND PENNSYLVANIA EAILEOAD. 
 
 The late Charles L. Pattison, of Elkland, was the prime mover in the organiza- 
 tion of the Addison and Pennsylvania Railroad Company, in 1882, and was president 
 of the Pennsylvania division of the road up to his death, April 10, 1896. The sec- 
 tion from Addison to Westfield, which enters Tioga county at Nelson station, was- 
 completed, and the first train of passenger cars run between those towns, ITovember 
 27, 1882, within ninety days from the time the work commenced. The line was. 
 extended to Gaines by January 1, 1883, and later up the valley of Pine creek to 
 Galeton, in Potter county. It was originally a narrow gauge road, but was changed 
 to standard width in the spring of 1895. A short spur of this road, which leaves- 
 the main line a few miles above Gaines, connects with the coal mines at Gurnee, ia 
 Gaines township. 
 
 It is thus seen that commendable progress has been made in railroad con- 
 struction in Tioga ooimty since the opening of the first road in 1840. The next, 
 road likely to be built is the surveyed line from Blackwells up Babb's creek to con- 
 nect with the Arnot and Pine Creek road at Hoytville. It vnll be a quick outlet 
 down Pine creek for the settlers in that region. Blackwells, at the mouth of Babb's 
 creek, is in the southwestern part of the county, and is becoming a place of some 
 importance on account of its lumber and flagstone traffic. 
 
 OTHER. HAILEOADS. 
 
 Tie Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad, usually spoken of as the "Goodyear 
 Line," was opeied from Keating, in Potter county, to Ansonia, in the summer of 
 1895. It has since been extended to Wellsville, New York. It connects with the 
 Pall Brook at Ansonia and is an outlet for travel and traffic to Buffalo. 
 
 The Northern Central Railway, which traverses the valley of Lycoming creek, 
 touches the southern boundary of Union township at Soaring Branch and runs 
 along the border for several miles, the station of Penbryn being in Tioga county. 
 
 The Tiadaghton and Fahnastalk Railway Company was chartered March 11, 
 1892, for the purpose of constructing a railway into Elk township, for the removal 
 of logs and bark. It begins at Tiadaghton, on the Pall Brook railroad, extends six 
 miles mto the forest, and was built the same year it was chartered. The following 
 officers were elected for 1896: President, Creon B. Parr; secretary, J. Harrison; 
 treasurer, C. B. Parr; diectors, G. A. Veil, J. W. Hammond, D. M. Lounsbury, John 
 L. Landrus, E. G. Schieffelin and George D. Aiken. 
 
CHAPTEK IX 
 
 INDUSTKIAL DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 Primitive Saw Mills and Grist Mills— The Morris Mills— First Mills at 
 Wellsboro — Babe's Mill— In the Tioga Valley— Early Lumbering Opera 
 TiONS— A Rafting Reminiscence — Along the Cowanesqce River— Pioneer 
 Mills on Pine Creek— An Era of Rapid Developbient- Risks and Charms 
 OF The Business— The Tanning Industry— Iron Foundries and Smelting 
 Works— The Manufacture of Glass - Progress of Agriculture— Agricul- 
 tural Societies. 
 
 THE pioneer settlers within the borders of what is now Tioga county found its 
 surface covered by an unbroiien forest, made up, for the most part, of pine and 
 hemlock. Tlie former grew in the valleys and low lands — though not conliucd ex- 
 clusively to them, while the latter crowned the mountain sidfs and summits and 
 occupied the uplands. Here and there won.' areas of tlio hard wood variuties, such 
 as "sugar" maple, beech, oak, ash, etc. ili'lorc liu uould rear a lioiiit- for himself and 
 the iiieiiil)CT8 of his family, tlif settlor had to clear a s|iucu, first for liis cabin and 
 afterwards for the little garden plot, that as tliu years went l)y, wu.s enlarged, until 
 the forest wilderness gave place to cultivated fields, producing abundant crops of 
 -everything needful to sustain life. 
 
 Although there was timber in abundance, there was no lumber, and the rude 
 <:abin8 that were erected, if they were floored at all, were floored with puncheons and 
 round logs. Saw-mills were, therefore, a noeossity, to provide lumber for the floor- 
 ing and roofing of these frontier homes, and it was not long imtil they bi}.'an to be 
 «rected in various parts of the county, iii)on such streams as had a flow of water suf- 
 ficient to furnish power for the primitive machinery tlien in use. These primitive 
 mills, with their flutter wheels and upright saws, led the way in the march of indus- 
 trial development, and about the opening of the century began the work of forest 
 destruction that has stripped the hills and valleys of the county of the great growth 
 of pine and hemlock amid the sombre gloom of which savage beasts had roamed for 
 aj^a-s. 
 
 The grist-mill was no less a necessity than the saw-mill, but before grain could 
 be ground grain must lie raised, and this involved the preliminary and tiresome 
 labor of clearing fields for cultivation. For several years the settlers were com- 
 pelled to go to Jersey Shore and Williamsport, on the south, and to Painted Post, 
 Elniira and Tioga Point, now Athens, on the north and east, for their flour or for 
 the purpose of having their scant crops of wheat, com and other pmins ground, 
 and many stories are still told of tlie perils and hardships endured during journeys 
 to and from these trading and milling points. 
 
 The first mills resorted to for lumber and the grinding of their grain by the 
 
110 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 early settlers in the western and southern parts of the county, were those built by 
 John Norris, on the headwaters of Little Pine creek, near what is now the hamlet 
 of Texas, across the line in Lycoming county, as agent of Benjamin Wistar Morris. 
 These mills, known as "Morris' Mills," were erected as early as 1799, and were on the 
 line of the north and south State road opened up in that year. 
 
 In an advertisement of Benjamin Wistar Morris, published in the Lycoming 
 Gazette, under date of November 13, 1806, inviting investments in lots in the new 
 county-seat town of Wellsboro, attention is called to the fact that "a grist-mill, a 
 saw-mill, and a store are situated within one mile of the town." These were the 
 mills erected by Samuel W. Fisher on Marsh creek, below the borough limits of 
 Wellsboro, a fuller reference to which will be found in the chapter devoted to Del- 
 mar township. They were undoubtedly the first mills in this section of the county. 
 
 The first saw-mill on Babb's creek was erected in 1806, on the site of the present 
 village of Morris, by Samson Babb, the pioneer settler on that stream. 
 
 IN THE TIOGA TALLEY. 
 
 In the absence of authentic records it is impossible, at this late day, to give the 
 , name of the builder of the first saw-mill in the Tioga river valley, which soon after 
 its settlement became the scene of active lumbering operations. Previous to 1813 
 mills were erected along that stream and near the mouths of its branches as 
 far south as Canoe Camp, and much lumber was manufactured for shipment down 
 the river as well as for supplying an increasing local demand. It is said that the 
 first grist-mill in the county was erected on this stream, at the mouth of Mill creek, 
 by Aaron Grillet, about 1797 or 1798, and that he also erected a small distillery 
 about the same time. Both were soon carried away by high water and Gillet removed 
 to Cherry Flats. Adam Hart, one of the early settlers of Lawrence township, built 
 a saw-mill and a distillery soon after locating. Joseph Middaugh, who settled near 
 Hart, also erected a saw-mill. The first saw-mill at Tioga was built by Dr. William 
 Willard, about 1800, or soon after. The first grist-mill here was built in 1805 by 
 Nicholas Prutsman and his sons. As early as 1803 Elihu Marvin built a saw-miU at 
 Mansfield, and in 1805 added a hand grist-mill, which he had purchased of Dorman 
 Bloss, a millwright, then living at Beecher's Island. In 1812 Amos Spencer erected 
 a saw-mill and a grist-mill at Canoe Camp. In 1809 the first grist-mill at Maines- 
 burg was erected by Noah Eumsey, Sr., and two years later sold by him to Jonathan 
 L. Spencer. It was about 1810 that the De Pui grist-mill was erected on the Tioga 
 river below Tioga borough. It was resorted to by the settlers of the neighboring 
 townships for many years. 
 
 All these early mills were primitive in their character and construction. The 
 grist-mill and the distillery were operated to meet the demands of the settlers in 
 their immediate vicinity. The saw-mills soon became of more importance, and the 
 lumber manufactured in excess of local demand was floated down the river to the 
 markets on the lower Susquehanna. It was the only thing for which cash could be 
 quickly obtained, and it was relied upon by the settlers to furnish them the means 
 to clear their lands and equip them with the implements needed in their cultivation. 
 
 The early lumbermen on the Tioga river, therefore, floated the product of their 
 mills down to the junction of that stream with the North Branch of the Susque- 
 
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEXT. Ill 
 
 hanna, at Tioga Point, now known as Athens; thence it descended the latter stream 
 to the markets below. Ketuming from these rafting trips, the men generally came 
 to Williamsport and walked over the mountains from Trout Eun or Eoaring Branch, 
 for railroads had not then been built and the stage line was slow and uncertain. 
 
 It would be hard to estimate the value of lumber floated out of Tioga county 
 before the advent of railroads. An old record says that in 1804 about 452 rafts, 
 containing 22,000,000 feet of lumber, besides a large number of arks, loaded with 
 wheat, flour, staves, whiskey and shingles, the whole aggregating in value $5,000,- 
 000, passed out of the North Branch at Northumberland. Of course only a small 
 part of this was from Tioga county, it being then comparatively unsettled, but it 
 shows the magnitude of lumbering operations in northern Pennsylvania even at 
 that early day. 
 
 A RAFTING REMINISCENCE. 
 
 An old diary of a trip from Painted Post on a raft to Port Deposit, made by 
 Judge Strong, of Steuben county, New York, in the early development of the busi- 
 ness, gives an interesting reminiscence. Judge Strong says: 
 
 Many a time and oft when a boy have I taken a convenient station during the 
 spring freshet and watched for hours the rafts and arks sweeping out of the Conhoc- 
 ton and Tioga rivers, their rollicking stalwart crews, stripped to the shirt, neck and 
 bosoms bare, with stout arms, when the pilot shouted, "Right! Left! Jump to the work," 
 raising the large oars to the utmost, force them through the resisting flood with a will, 
 then lower them and with a run carry them back ready for another stroke. So they 
 fly from side to side, with brief breathing spells, like cannoners in an engagement. 
 
 The ice had gone in March, 1838, and the judge was at Painted Post when the 
 opportunity presented itself for him to take advantage of the ambition of his life. 
 He was employed to assist in running a raft to the bay as a 'light hand," at five shil- 
 lings per day and "found." The first place they passed was Xewtown, now Elmira, 
 and they landed si.x miles below at Hogback, where Sullivan had a battle with the 
 Indians and Tories in 1779. He made the journey to the point of destination and 
 returned, and gave a very interesting account of what he saw and learned, not 
 omitting "a peep" at the legislature which was then in sesion at Harrisburg. 
 
 ALONG THE COWANESQUE HIA'ER. 
 
 In 1804 Eddy Howland built a saw-miU on the Cowanesque above Knoxville, 
 and soon afterward Emmer Bowen and Ebenezer Seelye built one near Academy 
 Corners. In 1811 Bethlehem Thompson erected a grist-mill a mile above Knoxville, 
 tht- water being taken from Inscho run, and conducted to the mill in long continu- 
 ous troughs hewed out of pine logs. This mill was operated about ten years. The 
 first grist-mill at Wcstfield was built by AjTes Tuttle previous to 1812. It appears 
 on the assessment list of that year. A grist-mill was erected at Beecher's Island or 
 Nelson about 1810 by John, Thomas and Hopestill Beecher, pioneer settlers there. 
 
 In 1815 a distillery was built by Joshua Colvin at a large spring near Academy 
 Comers. He brought the still and other apparatus from Herkimer county, Xew 
 York. Rye and com were used exclusively. The rate of exchange was six quarts of 
 whiskey for one bushel of rye or com. Sometime in 1818 John Knox bought Col- 
 vin's apparatus and started a distillery at the Strawbridge spring, a short distance 
 
^-^2 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 east of Academy Corners, and carried it on about five years. At this manufactory 
 whiskey was made from corn, rye and potatoes. The product of both distilleries 
 was sold at home. 
 
 PIONEBE MILLS ON PINE CEEEK. 
 
 The first mills on Pine creek north of the Lycoming county line were built 
 between 1812 and 1815. One of these was erected about a mile and a half above 
 Ansonia, in Shippen township, by Eichard Ellis. Other early mill owners in this 
 township were Asaph Ellis, who built a grist-mill; Eeuben Herrington and Eichard 
 Phillips, who built and operated saw-mills. The pioneer saw-mill in Gaines town- 
 .ship was erected at Gaines about 1815, by John Smith, on Long run. Capt. 
 John Phoenix built a mill in 1817 near the mouth of Phoenix run. The first grist- 
 mill in the township was erected at Furmantown before 1830, by Aaron Furman. 
 It was a hand mill and was later replaced by one run by water power. Mr. Furman 
 also built a saw-mill which he afterwards sold to Col. Dudley Hewitt. All or nearly 
 :all of these early mills were washed away in the flood of 1833, which either greatly 
 crippled or utterly ruined financially those who were engaged in lumbering opera- 
 tions in the Pine Creek valley. 
 
 It is needless to go into a detailed history of all the mills erected in those earUer 
 jears in the different parts of the county. They have received adequate mention 
 in the township chapters. They were all water mills and were equipped with the 
 machinery then in use. Many of them could cut no more than 1,000 feet of lumber 
 in twelve hours, and their output was consequently insignificant compared with that 
 of even a small mill of the present. Much of the timber was simply squared and was 
 floated down the stream in that form, many deeming it a less risky and more profit- 
 able way of handling it. 
 
 AN EEA OE EAPID DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 The early settlers in the Pine Creek valley about and above Ansonia were lum- 
 bermen rather than farmers. Pine creek was their highway to and from Jersey 
 Shore,* the trips being made in canoes, constructed out of heavy pine trees, or in 
 rude flat boats. When there began to be a demand for lumber the settlers scattered 
 •along the creek saw their opportunity and commenced manufacturing. The pine 
 in this section of the county was of a superior quality, and made better' lumber than 
 ■can be obtained to-day. Mills sprung up rapidly and a new impetus was given to the 
 business when the construction of the canal was commenced up the "West Branch of 
 the Susquehanna. By the year 1832 large investments had been made in timber 
 lands along Pine creek and in the erection of saw-mills. Lumbermen came from the 
 State of New York, as well as from Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, and engaged 
 in the business. The flood of 1833, already referred to, proved disastrous to the 
 growing enterprises, and its effects were felt for a long time. The field was, however, 
 -too iaviting and it was not long before business rallied, and the woods swarmed 
 with lumbermen, while the valley resounded to the chorus of many mills. 
 
 In 1829 Leonard Pfoutz erected a saw-mill and a grist-mill at Manchester, 
 below Ansonia. In 1831 John Daily and John Beecher bought out Eeuben Her- 
 - rington, who was known as a very stirring man. About this time John Mathers 
 
 * Pine creek was declared a public highway by the legislature, March 16, 1798. 
 
/ y 
 
IXDUSTBIAL DEVELOPMENT. 113 
 
 erected a saw-mill near the Gaines township hne. This mill was aftenvard operated 
 by Mathers & Scoville and then by John ilathers & Company, and after 1845 by 
 Jesse Locke. Leonard Pfoutz sold his mills to Stowell & Dickinson, who, in 1833, 
 were operating two saw-mills. In 1834 they were running four saw-mills and a 
 grist-mill, and were cutting about 5,000,000 feet of liunber annually, which was 
 floated down the stream to the river. 
 
 Hezekiah Stowell, the head of the firm, was a native of Chenango county, Ntw 
 York, where he was bom in 1796. He came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, in 1833, 
 young, vigorous and ambitious, and, associating himself with Peter Dickinson, they 
 commenced lumbering on an extensive scale. In 1835 Mr. Stowell took up his 
 residence at Pine Creek, now Ansonia, and continued to live tlurt- until 18.51. The 
 firm was active and progressive. They ran as high as 100 board rafts down Pine 
 creek in a season, or when the water was favorable, and gave employment to 5i»0 men. 
 No greater firm carried on lumbering in the coimty in those days. Tliiv i)urclia8ed 
 35,000 acres of timber land and laid tlie baais for an cimrmous business. But owing 
 to losses they became commercially crippled and their land and property suh- 
 sequently passed into the hands of I'lulps, Dodge & ('(Jinpany, :uid that firm pre- 
 pared to operate the mills on a more txtensive scale than the former owners. Tlie 
 Manchester mills, as they were named, came to Ijt' re;;arde(l as the eenter of a large 
 business. The little village of Ansonia, named for .Vnsoii (I. Phel]>s. head of the 
 firm, grew up at the point where Marsh creek unites with Pine creek, and it ^till 
 retains the name. 
 
 After the new firm beenme the owners of the propiTty, Mr. Stowell mana^'ed the 
 business for them until 1M.51. He then retired to I»elmar township, wlnri' he Imd 
 purchased 1,200 acres of land, settled upon it and in course of time eleared a farm 
 of COO acres. There he resided until his death, wliieli occurred Deeemlurr ■•i<l, 1ST4. 
 
 Jlr. Stowell was sueeeeded as manager by E. H. Campbell, who continued to 
 .serve the great firm in that eaiiiuity until his death at Williamsport, July 1". , istto. 
 
 Owing to the danger and uncertainty of running the manufactured lumber 
 down I'ine erei'k, the firm decided that it would be better to float the logs down the 
 stream, secure them in a boom or harbor, and manufacture them at a point near tlie 
 river. Tlie Mancliester mills thenfore \\ere abandoned, and what was known as 
 Phelps mills were built on Pine creek, in Clinton county, near the junction of the 
 Fall Brook and Beech (^reek railroads. These mills were operated on an extensive 
 scale until is;i, when they wire dismantled and removed to Williamsport, wh' re 
 still better advantages wt've seciired for the manufacture of lumber. Sian cly a 
 vestige now remains to mark the sites of the Slanchester and Phelps mills, on Pine 
 creek. All the jiarties who were active in conducting these great mills are now de- 
 censed, including the old memliers of the firm, and new men have taken their places. 
 During the thirty-six years that these mills were operated on Pine creek, they manu- 
 factured and sent to market hundreds of millions of feet of lumber, the f.Teater part 
 of which was a superior quality and commanded the highest price. But the stock 
 oT timber is now exhausted and the buzz of the busy saws is no longer heard where 
 these ^M'eat Pine creek mills onct' stood. 
 
 In 18iU the firm was incorporated under the name of the Pennsyhania Joint 
 
 A 
 
114 HISTOHY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Land and Lumber Company, and Gen. Jerome B. ISTiles, of Wellsboro, became its 
 resident representative, a position he still holds. The company yet owns large 
 bodies of land in Delmar and Shippen townships. 
 
 Peter Dickinson, the partner of Hezekiah Stowell, was a native of Bainbridge, 
 New York. He was born May 1, 1797, and died January 11, 1879, and is buried in 
 Wellsboro Cemetery. A younger brother, Samuel Dickinson, born July 33, 1805, 
 died March 10, 1886, and is buried in the same lot. Both of these brothers were 
 pioneer lumbermen, and are well remembered by the older lumbermen yet living. 
 John Dickinson was a brother of Peter and Samuel. 
 
 Soon after Phelps, Dodge & Company became the owners of the Stowell & 
 Dickinson property, Mr. Dickinson was sent to Baltimore to manage the interest of 
 the new firm in that city, as that was the market to which they shipped their lum- 
 ber. He did not remain very long there, for in a few years we find him back on 
 the Susquehanna conducting a mill near Lock Haven. He was a man of "large 
 expectations," but never realized what he so fondly cherished. 
 
 His younger brother, Samuel, was wiser. He came to Wellsboro in 1833, 
 built a storehouse, stocked it with goods and did a large business. The storehouse 
 was the building in which Chester and John L. Robinson — ^who purchased it — 
 afterwards carried on business and later opened the bank, where the great robbery 
 occurred in 1874. The old building is now used for a carpenter shop. 
 
 Silas Billings, an early settler and mill-owner and lumberman at Knoxville, 
 made an investment in mills and lands in Gaines township about the time that 
 Stowell & Dickinson began operations at Manchester, and soon became a leader 
 among the lumbermen of the Pine Creek valley. In 1831 he purchased the John 
 Benn mill property at Gaines, and within a few years was operating on an extensive 
 scale, having added to his Gaines township lands large bodies of pine and hemlock 
 lands in Elk township. During the later years of his life and after his death his ex- 
 tensive business enterprises were managed by his son, Silas X. Billings, who soon 
 became the leading lumberman of the county. He operated on a large scale, and 
 through the exercise of good Judgment and an intelligent oversight of his afEairs 
 was notably successful. Among the other prominent operators in this township were 
 John L. Phoenix, Col. Dudley Hewitt, Stephen and Simeon Babcock and David 
 Eexford. 
 
 HISKS AND CHARMS OP THE BUSINESS. 
 
 Pew, if any, of the early lumbermen made any money at the business. The 
 owners of small mills scarcely realized as much from them as a good farmer would 
 now make on a twenty-acre farm. But lumber was about the only thing that 
 brought any ready money into the county, and the timber had to be cleared away 
 before the land could be cultivated. Farming, at least, in the western part of the 
 coimty, was at a low ebb, none making more than enough to eke out a scanty living 
 for a family. Men, women and children had to live, and to live decently had to have 
 clothing, and to live at all had to have something to eat, and the men especially had 
 to have something to drink. They could raise a little rye, which was changed into 
 whisky at the distillery in Wellsboro; but tea and coffee and spices and cotton they 
 could not raise, and the only business that furnished the money to buy these neces- 
 saries was lumbering. 
 
IXDUSTKIAL DEVELOPMENT. 115 
 
 It is hard to tell whether it was sawed lumber or squared timber that brought 
 most money back to the creek settlement; and what did come generally went to 
 Wellsboro to pay store bills contracted during the lumbering season, never for a 
 moment forgetting the little stone distillery across the creek in that town. Pay 
 day was always "after rafting," and it was generally futile and very unpopular to 
 attempt to collect a debt till after the spring floods had floated the lumber to market 
 and its diminishing price had been brought back. 
 
 With all the hard work and drawbacks of those days, lumbering on Pine creek 
 had its charms. With the hardy, rugged lumbermen it made little difference 
 whether he slept on a board, hemlock boughs, or a feather bed. Most of them pre- 
 ferred the former. 
 
 THE TANXI.Nd INDUSTRY. 
 
 The assessment list of 1812 shows that two tanyards, one assessed to William 
 Baker and the other to Ebenezer Jackson, were then in operation in Tioga township. 
 As the different townships settled up local tanyards were established and the tanning 
 of leather, for home use, became one of the recognized industries of the county. In 
 time some of these local enterprises began to tan for shipment, and in this way ex- 
 tended the industry. The presence of vast forests of hemlock, promising an almost 
 inexhaustible supply of hemlock bark, essential in the tanning of leather, invited 
 a larger investment of capital, and led to (lie erection of a number of great tan- 
 neries at different points within the county. These are given iinijicr notice in 
 the township chapters. All of these e-xtensive tanning plants have been erected 
 within the past thirty years, and, with the e.xception of the Kingsley tannery at 
 Mansfield, the tannery of John (iisin, at Wellsboro, and the p]berk' tannery at West- 
 field, are devoted to the production of sole leather. In May, 1893, these sole leather 
 tanneries, except the one at Elkland, passed into the eontrol of the L''nion Tanning 
 Company, whicli is a member of the L'nited States Leather Company. This great 
 eorporation now operates the tanneries at Blossburg, Tioga, Osceola, Westfield, 
 Stokesdale, Niles A'alley, Iloytville, Leetonia and Manliattan. At the time of its 
 erection in 18S3, the tannery at Iloytville was the largest steam tannery in the 
 world, having a capacity of 1,000 hides of leather a day. The aj:j:regate output of 
 the tanneries of the county, when v\orking to their full capacity, is over 1,000,000 
 hides of leather per annum. During later years, owing to a nimiber of causes, the 
 output has been greatly reduced. These various enterprises give employment to 
 hundreds of men, not only in and around the tanneries themselves, but in the woods, 
 getting out hemlock bark, not far from 100,000 cords of which is used annually. A 
 large proportion of the hides tanned come from South America. Their transpor- 
 tation to the tanneries and from them, as leather, forms an important item in the 
 freight traffic of the railroad eompanies doing business in the county. 
 
 inON' FOINDRIES AND SMELTING WORKS. 
 
 Perhaps the ver)' first attempt at establishing an iron foundry in the count v 
 was made by Benjamin W. ^lorris at Wellsboro. The year in which it was built is 
 not clearly known, but it must linve been quite early. It stood about where 
 the glass works were ereded in more modern times. William Bache says that he 
 reniemliers being in the foundry. A few castinirs, consisting of sugar kettles, 
 
116 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COXTNTT. 
 
 cooking utensils, andirons, etc., were made. He obtained his iron from bog ora. 
 As Mr. Baehe was born in 1813, it must have been some years after that when 
 the foundry was established — unless it was the ruins he saw. In that case, it might 
 have been built about the time of his birth, or earlier. 
 
 About 1813 a small iron foundry was started at Lawrenceville, but the name 
 of the founder has not been preserved. In later years the plant was carried on by 
 James Kinsey. 
 
 About 1835 Judge John H. Knapp, of Elmira, New York, became interested in 
 coal and iron lands at Blossburg, and a few years later began the erection of an iron 
 furnace. After being owned and operated by a number of parties, usually at a loss, 
 the plant was purchased by T. J. Mooers, in 1864, and has since been used as an 
 iron foundry. In 1855 an iron furnace was erected at Mansfield by Charles F, 
 Swan for the Mansfield Iron Company. It was operated until 1870, the ore being 
 obtained from a deposit in Eichmond to-«Tiship three miles west of Mansfield, and 
 also from a deposit at Eoseville. 
 
 Although iron foundries are still carried on successfully in many of the villages 
 and boroughs of the county, the production of pig iron from iron ore ceased a quarter 
 of a century ago. The iron ore, containing but about forty per cent, of iron, was 
 not of a character to warrant a further investment of capital, in competition with 
 other portions of the country, where the character of the ore and extent of the 
 deposits insured a cheaper production of pig iron. 
 
 THE MANUFACTUEE OE GLASS. 
 
 The presence in the same localities of glass sand-rock and of coal offered an 
 opportunity for the investment of capital in the manufacture of glass. The first 
 factory was established at Blossburg in 1847 and was operated for nearly forty years, 
 first by William Dezang, of Geneva, New York, and after him by James H. Gulick, 
 and then by Hirsch, Ely & Company. After being successfully carried on for nearly 
 forty years it passed into the control of the United Glass Company, and was shut 
 down. Another factory was erected about 1850 at Covington. It has also had vari- 
 ous owners, the present ones being a local stock company. It is now being operated 
 on the co-operative plan. In later years a factory was established in Wellsboro, but 
 after being twice destroyed by fire, the enterprise was abandoned. All these factories 
 were devoted to the manufacture of window glass, a fine quality of which was pro- 
 duced. A revival and extension of this industry is looked for in the near future. 
 
 Another natural resource is moulding sand for foundries. The deposits are ex- 
 tensive, and considerable quantities are shipped to Elmira and other places. Large 
 quantities of glass sand are also shipped from Brownlee, in Duncan township, where 
 a rock-crushing plant is in operation. 
 
 PEOGEESS OF AGEICULTUEE. 
 
 But it is to the patient and persistent labor of sturdy and stout-hearted hus- 
 bandmen that the greater share of the present prosperity of Tioga county is to be at- 
 tributed. This labor, begun with the felling of the first tree and the clearing of the 
 first garden spot, has transformed the face of the county from a dense and unbroken 
 iorest wilderness, into cultivated fields, orchards and gardens, dotted with farm 
 
IKDU8TB1AL DEVELOPMEXT. 117 
 
 homes, the abiding places of comfort, thrift, intelligence and happiness, and has, 
 notwithstanding a rough and rugged surface, placed the county well up in the list 
 of the prosperous and productive agricultural counties of the State. 
 
 At first the land in the valleys of the principal streams and their branches were 
 settled and cleared, it being thought that those valley lands, in addition to being the 
 most accessible, were the most fertile. But, as the county became more settled, the 
 uplands began to be cleared and their fertility tested, and the fact established that 
 some of the richest and most enduring soil is to be found in the more elevated sec- 
 tions. The upland farms are now, therefore, regarded as equal, one year with an 
 other, in productiveness, with those in the creek and river valleys. 
 
 Diiring the earlier years of the county's history, when lumbering was largely 
 depended on to supply ready money, agriculture did not receive the attention it has 
 since the practical disappearance of the pine and hemlock forests. The diversified 
 farming of the present was unknown, as well as the methods pursued by the first- 
 class farmer of to-day. The man who owned a stumpy clearing was glad to produce 
 enough wheat, com, rye or oats to feed his family and the animals used in the labor 
 of the field and the woods, the surplus that found itn way to market being a very 
 small per centage of the whole. 
 
 The fields of the present bear but a slight resemblanco to those of early days. 
 On many of them the labor of four generations — continued year after year with in- 
 finite patience— has seareely sufficed to free them, first of stumps and, later, of 
 stones, so as to make possible the use of modern farm machiner>-. Their pr.sont 
 condition bears eloquent witness to what can be aeenmplished in the face of the most 
 discouraging and disheartening primary conditions, and tells the story, better than 
 words can tell it, of the sturdy and stalwart cliaracter of the men and wonien. wliu, 
 from the earliest settlement of the county to the present, have Keen the main factor 
 in its industrial growth and develojimcnt. 
 
 While all the cereal grains are produced in the county, more attention is paid to 
 oats, corn and buckwheat than to wheat, barley and rye. Considerable tobacco has 
 also been produced, especially in the Tioga and Cowanesquc river valleys, within the 
 last twenty years, eaeli year, until the recent decline in prices, shewing an increased 
 
 acreage. 
 
 The census of 1890 shows the following acreage and production of each of the 
 
 leading cereal crops: 
 
 FwducU. Acres, Bus. Products. ATizf^"^ 
 
 Wheat 2,371 34,766 Corn 4,540 137,904 
 
 nT -.54 5,953 Buckwheat, 17.369 300,206 
 
 OatB 31,605 870,747 Barley l'^' •^'*'"-* 
 
 This gives a total of 58.1'.'(i acres cultivated, with an aggregate product of 1,- 
 381 G.V) bushels As there has been a notable increase in the acreage of cleared 
 land since these statistics were gathered, it would be safe to assume that the total pro- 
 duction of those cereals for ISIH; would reach over 1,500,000 hushels, pronded there 
 was a proportionate increase in the acreage devoted to them. Within the past few 
 years however, many farmers have turned aside from the (.TOwing of the different 
 grain's to the growing of grasses for pasturage and hay. and the county is fast forging 
 forward as a count v of dairy and meadow farms. The cultivation -f buckwheat, 
 
118 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 however, still holds a prominent place, a large acreage being each year devoted to it. 
 In 1890, as shown in the figures given, 17,369 acres produced 300,306 bushels, 
 making Tioga and Bradford counties, which produced 506,413 bushels in the same 
 year, two of the greatest buckwheat-producing counties in the State. The cultiva- 
 tion of tobacco increased from 234 acres and 393,198 pounds in 1879, as shown, by 
 the census of 1880, to 457 acres and 498,753 pounds in 1889, as shown by the census 
 of 1890. This crop, when prices are good, is a very profitable one, but during the 
 past two years prices have fallen so low that the production has greatly decreased. 
 
 An examination of a summary of the assessment for 1896, prepared by the 
 county commissioners for transmission to the secretary of internal affairs, as required 
 by law, shows that there are 17,086 taxables in the county. The total number of 
 acres of land reported is 669,576, of which 410,488 acres are cleared and 359,088 
 acres are timber lands. The total value of real estate is given at $16,158,685, of 
 which $13,773,835 is taxable, and $3,384,850 is exempt from taxation. There are 
 9,531 horses and 14,759 neat cattle in the county. The aggregate county tax is 
 $104,636.10, the levy being seven mills on the dollar. The aggregate state tax is $9,- 
 765.87, the levy being four mills on a dollar. The amount of money at in- 
 terest is $3,437,973, and the total county debt $175,000. The total taxation for all ' 
 purposes, for 1895, including bridges, roads, etc., as well as that derived from money 
 at interest, was $306,610.70. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that there is a wide margin between the assessment value 
 of real estate and its actual value, the former usually representing about one-third 
 of the latter. Applying this rule to Tioga county, the present value of its real estate 
 would reach a total of $50,000,000, a grand increase in value over that of 100 years 
 ago, when an average of one dollar an acre would have been considered a good price 
 to have paid for the land of the county. The present value represents not only the 
 labor expended in clearing and cultivating the land, in erecting buildings, fences, 
 etc., but it represents the advantage of being within easy reach of the best markets 
 in the country, insuring a certainty of always realizing the best prices for the pro- 
 duets of the garden, the field and the orchard. It also represents the advantages of 
 good schools, good churches and good society, things as desirable as fertile acres or 
 modem farm equipments. 
 
 AGEICULTUEAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The first agricultural society in the county was organized at Wellsboro as early 
 as 1854. The names of the first ofiicers are not obtainable, but those for 1855 were 
 as follows: President, William B. Clymer; vice-presidents, Daniel L. Sherwood, 
 George McLeod, B. C. Wickham, Ira Bulkley and J. S. Kingsbury; corresponding 
 secretary, P. E. Smith; recording secretary, G. D. Smith; treasurer, John F. Don- 
 aldson. There was a long list of names of persons composing the executive com- 
 mittee, embracing many of the best men in the county. Efforts were made to arouse 
 an interest in agriculture throughout the county and they were successful. Eairs 
 were held, premiums were paid, and a stimulus given to the growing of better crops 
 of all kinds and to the breeding and rearing of better grades of horses, cattle, hogs, 
 sheep and poultry. In 1859 Horace Greeley delivered the annual address, which 
 called forth a large attendance. 
 
COAL MINES AXD MINING. 119 
 
 At the beginning of the Civil War the fairs were discontinued, but were resumed 
 in 1866, and regularly held for a number of years. Among those who served as presi- 
 dents of the society may be mentioned Hon. Stephen F. Wilson, Hon. Henry W. 
 Williams, Hon. John I. Mitchell and Hon. Henry Sherwood. Such distinguished 
 speakers, aside from Horace Greeley, as Hon. Henry White and ex-Governor Pol- 
 lock delivered annual addresses. 
 
 On November 3, 1877, the Tioga County Pomona Grange was organized with 
 forty charter members, its hall and headquarters being ia Wellsboro. It soon after- 
 wards purchased the grounds, consisting of thirteen acres and buildings, of the Tioga 
 County Agricultural Aid Society. Its special and annual meetings are held here, 
 but the annual fair has been practically abandoned, not receiving paying financial 
 support. 
 
 The Smythe Park Association at ilansfield and the Cowanesque Valley Agri- 
 cultural Association at Westfield, have for a number of years conducted successful 
 fairs in the boroughs named. Both organizations are well managed and embrace 
 in their membership many of the most active, aggressive and enterprising business 
 men of the county. They receive adequate notice in the chapters devoted to Mans- 
 field and Westfield. 
 
 The Patrons of Husbandry are exceedingly strong in Tioga county, having in 
 the neighborhood of fifty granges and 5,000 members, composed of both sexes. The 
 avowed object of this order is to advance the interest and elevate the condition of 
 agriculture and to aid those engaged therein to conduct their business in con- 
 formity with scientific principles. The Farmers' Alliance is also represented in the 
 county, but as yet have not obtained a strong foothold. 
 
 CHAPTEK X. 
 
 COAL MINES AND MINING. 
 
 THE BLOSSBDRG AND GAINES COAL BASINS-THEORIES CONTERNINO THEIR FOR- 
 
 mation-Their Extent and Character-The Discovery of Coal at Bloss- 
 
 BORG-PIONEER MINES AND MININQ-EaRLY ATTEMPTS AT DEVELOPMENT-THE 
 
 Tioga Navigation Company-First Geological Survey-The .vrbon Coal 
 Company-Sir Charles Lyells Visit-Coal Seams Described-Character 
 AND Uses op Blossburg Coal-The Manufacture of Coke-Labor Strikes 
 and Troubles-Recent Statistics-Past and Present. 
 
 SEOL()(ilSTS tell us that when the earth was many million years younger than 
 it is now, Tioga county presented an entirely different surface appearance from 
 t witli which those who live within its boundaries are familiar. Then the sites of 
 the existing valleys were several thousand feet higher than the mountains that now 
 inclose them, while the mountains themselves, especially tli'>se embraced in what 
 are known as the Blossburg and Gaines coal basins, were much lower than at present. 
 
120 HISTOKT OB TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and formed a series of troughs or basins, in which, as the years passed, were de- 
 posited veins of semi-bituminous coal, varying in thickness from a few inches to 
 several feet. Between these coal veins there was also deposited varying strata of 
 slate, fire clay, iron ore, sand-stone and shale. The lowest of these veins — in the 
 Blossburg basin — lies at an elevation of about 1,400 feet above tide water, and the 
 highest at an elevation of about 1,800 feet, giving the coal measures of that basia 
 an average thickness of between 300 and 400 feet. The highest vein in the county 
 is in the Gaines coal basin, and is now being worked at Gurnee, at an elevation of 
 about 2,100 feet. The thickness of the coal meastu-es of this basin — though not so 
 accurately determined, is about the same as that of the Blossburg coal basin. 
 Between the lower and the upper level of the Blossburg basin — ^which has been ac- 
 curately surveyed and thoroughly developed — there have been discovered no less 
 than ten distinct veins of coal, the majority of which are too thin to be workable. 
 The best workable vein — ^known as the "Bloss" vein — averages from three to five 
 feet in thickness. 
 
 If the geologists have read and interpreted the story of the rocks aright, the 
 mountains in which for ages this coal lay concealed — a source of heat and energy — 
 were, when the lowest vein was formed, from 300 to 400 feet lower than at present. 
 Instead of being mountains, they were deep mountain-inclosed basins or troughs. 
 The erosion of ages wore away these mountain barriers, burying one coal deposit 
 after another, and raising up the basins to a higher level. The waters flowing down 
 the outer sides of the mountains, naturally followed the direction of the least re- 
 sistance, and scooped out the present valleys. In this work of surface transforma- 
 tion the greater part of the coal was washed away, and was borne on the currents of 
 the Tioga river and of Pine creek, to the Susquehanna and the sea. 
 
 After this change in the appearance of the county had been effected, there re- 
 mained two coal basins of limited area and extent. The larger of these, known as 
 the "Blossburg Coal Basin," is a "canoe-shaped synclinal basin, remarkably symmet- 
 rical, extending from a point just bej'ond Pall Brook, on the east," to and beyond 
 Pine creek, west of which the basin rises out to a canoe-shaped point. The general 
 strike of this basin is north 77 degrees east, and south 77 degrees west. Its coal de- 
 posits are broken up into irregular tracts or patches by the headwater branches of 
 the Tioga river, and by Babb's creek and its tributaries. There are evidences that 
 when the different coal veins were first formed they extended in unbroken continuity 
 over a much wider area than that covered by the existing coal-bearing tracts or 
 patches. In scooping out their valleys, the streams washed the connecting coal 
 away, leaving but a remnant of stored energy of a by-gone age. 
 
 It is in the Gaines coal basin, however, that this loss by erosion is most notice- 
 able. This basin begins near the northeast corner of Jacksoli township, on the 
 Bradford county line, and stretches southwest to the Potter county line. All this is 
 left of what is supposed to have been a vast store of coal, is embraced in a few hun- 
 dred acres in Gaines township, and a still smaller area in the northwestern part of 
 Delmar township. The deposit in Gaines township covers perhaps 400 acres, near 
 the northeastern comer, in what is known as the "Barrens." The coal openings 
 here, in the mines of the Gaines Coal and Coke Company, are about 2,100 feet above 
 
COAL MIXES AXD iirsmG. 121 
 
 the level of the sea. West of Long run, in the same township, on the Potter county 
 line, is a smaller deposit. 
 
 The Blossburg coal basin is about thirty miles long, with an average width of 
 three miles. It contains about 30,000 acres of workable coal, the total possible pro- 
 duction beiDg variously estimated, the lowest estimate placing it at 75,000,000 tons, 
 and the highest estimate at twice that amount, being an average for the entire coal- 
 bearing area of the basin of 5,000 tons to the acre. Within this basin lie the mines 
 of the Fall Brook Coal Company at Fall Brook and Antrim; the Morris Run Coal 
 Company, at Morris Run, and of the Blossburg Coal Company at Amot and Lan- 
 drus, and, also, the mines of a niimber of independent operators in and around 
 Blossburg. The history of the organization of each of these companies is given in 
 the cliapters devoted to the places named, ilentidn is also made in the proper placea 
 of those operating independent mines. 
 
 THE DISCOVEHY OF COAL AT BLOSSBURIJ. 
 
 Coal was first discovered in Tioga county within the limits of what is now the 
 borough of Blosssburg. It is claimed tiie discoverers were Robert and Benjamin 
 Patterson, two noted Indian scouts, who were eiiijilnyed by Captain Williamson in 
 1792, to guide a ]iarty of 500 German and iMifilish immigrants from Williumsport,. 
 over the mountains, through what is now Tioga county, to the ••(ieiie^ee Country," 
 in southern New York. To enable these immigrants to reach their destination, it 
 was necessary to cut a road through the wildenuss. To tiiis work the men addressed 
 themselves, while the women and children reniiiined in camp. Wliea the road was- 
 opened as far as Tioga river, a site for a cainp was selected within what is now the 
 borough of Blossburg. This was called "I'eter's Camp," from the name of the man 
 who did the baking for the party. It was while sojourning here that the Pattersons 
 discovered coal in the mountains, which it is claimed, was used by the immigrante 
 and pronounced "good." This may be, but the abundance of wood— an inexliausti- 
 ble supply being afforded by the clearing of the roadway— precludes the idea that 
 the immigrants devoted themselves to the difficult work of dif.ving coal for fuel. If 
 they used it at all, it was merely to sample it, but even this limited use might enable 
 them to judge of its quality and justify them in pronouncing it "good." 
 
 PIONEER MINES AND MIXING. 
 
 To the pioneer, David Clemons, belongs the credit of being the first person to 
 mine coal in Tioga county for shipment, and to his humble efforts in this direction 
 is to he attributed the beginning of the wide-spread name and fame of the celebra- 
 ted Blossburg coal, ('lemons came in 1806 and settled in the Tioga valley, near the 
 southern houndaiT line of Covington township. Like all early pioneers, he was a 
 hunter, and it is presumed that while wandering over the mountains and through the 
 ravines, be discovered the outcropping coal on the land of Aaron Bloss, and made a 
 Batisfactorv arrangement with him for developing it. He opened a drift— known 
 for many years as the "Clemons Opening"— on IVar creek, a small stream, flowing 
 in a southwest direction, down a narrow rarine. and emptying int.. the Tioga river, 
 just below the business center of BU.ssburg. The vein is the fifth from the surface, 
 and averages three feet in thickness, the coal being of an excellent bituminous 
 quality. 
 
122 HISTOET 01? TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 That Aaron Bloss was aware of the presence of mineral on his land soon 
 after settling at Peter's Camp, is e-videnced by the fact that under date of October 
 24, 1807, he entered into an agreement to convey 400 acres to Jeremiah Eees, of 
 Harrisburg, on the event of his being able to perfect title to the same, for the simi 
 of $1,300, which agreement contaiaed a proviso, "that the said ore bank shall be 
 included in the said survey when made." The ore referred to is presumed to mean 
 iron ore, there being a large deposit of it, as well as of coal, on the land. This 
 agreement seems never to have been perfected by the transfer of the land in question, 
 for which Aaron Bloss obtained warrant ISTo. 608, November 13, 1807, and a deed 
 of patent April 36, 1808, thus becoming the lawful and undisputed owner of it. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the exact date of the opening of the first drift by David 
 demons cannot be ascertained. It was probably not far from 1815. Blossburg at 
 that time had not even begun to take on the form of a village. It could furnish him 
 no market, nor could he hope to dispose of even an occasional load in either Coving- 
 ton or Tioga, then mere hamlets. The nearest trading point on the south was 
 Williamsport, the road to which led over the mountains. Travel over it was attended 
 with such difficulties, that the settlers as far south as Blossburg preferred to go 
 down the river valley to Painted Post, New York. It was to this latter place that 
 David demons hauled the first load of coal. A practical test showed it to be es- 
 pecially adapted for smithing purposes, and he soon found a ready market for the 
 limited quantity he was able to mine and transport overland by wagon. 
 
 Soon after demons opened his drift, Aaron Bloss uncovered a lower vein — ^the 
 ■sixth from the surface — ^known as the "Bloss" vein. This is the one that has been 
 worked at Blossburg, Morris Eun, Fall Brook and Arnot, since the opening of the 
 mines at those places and the shipment of the coal to market began. The coal is 
 ■all known as Blossburg coal. Aaron Bloss does not, however, appear to have mined 
 for shipment, but rather with a view to ascertaining the extent and character of the 
 deposit, for the purpose of bringing it to the notice of parties possessing the means 
 io properly develop it. 
 
 BARLT ATTEMPTS AT DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 The fact that the mountain near the headwaters of the Tioga river contaiaed 
 a large deposit of semi-bituminous coal of an excellent quality, as well as an abund- 
 ance of iron ore, soon became widely known, and men of means and enterprise were 
 led to investigate their extent and character. The first of these was Judge John H. 
 Knapp, of Elmira, New York. A personal investigation satisfied him that the coal 
 deposit was an extensive one, and that there existed in connection with it a valuable 
 deposit of iron ore. So close were the two veins to each other that they could be 
 mined together. The combination of these two valuable minerals invited the in- 
 vestment of capital to their development, and held forth the promise of an adequate 
 reward for the labor and money thus expended. 
 
 Judge Knapp relying on the promises of others to supply him with the capital 
 Tequired, invested his own moderate means in coal lands, and in enterprises, calcu- 
 lated, if successful, to make Peter's Camp, as it was then called, a mining and manu- 
 facturing center. 
 
 The record in the register and recorder's office at "Wellsboro, show that, on 
 
COAl MIXES AND MINING. 123 
 
 January 15, 1827, Aaron Bloss and Euah, his wife, deeded to John H. Knapp, for 
 a consideration of $8,000, a tract of 218 acres of land. There is also an acknowledg- 
 ment of the payment of the full amount of the consideration. This land, for the 
 most part, lay south of the Blossburg bridge, and east of the river, embracing within 
 its boundaries "Barney Hill" and Coal run. On this land Judge Knapp erected a 
 saw-mill and opened a store, and soon after began the introduction of iron works on 
 the site of the present foundry of T. J. Mooers. 
 
 THE TIOGA NAVIGATION COMPANT. 
 
 In order to secure the successful and profitable mining of coal and smelting 
 of iron, it became necessary to devise means of transporting the product of the 
 mines and the furnace to market. Judge Knapp and those interested with him 
 accordingly took steps to form a body corporate. By an act of the legislature, ap- 
 proved February 20, 1826, the chartering of the Tioga Navigation Company was 
 authorized. This act contained tlie following proviso: 
 
 The company shall make a navigable canal or slack-water navigation, or navigable 
 canal and slack-water navigation at such other place as they may think proper, for the 
 passage up and down the Tioga from the State line of New York, at or near Lawrence- 
 ville, to the coal beds at or near Peter's Camp, and by Crooked to Pine creek, lor every 
 kind of ark, raft or boat, capable of navigating the same, with such dams and other 
 works as necessary; and make a road or towpath, and to use the water on or near the 
 intended route of such canal, supplying the same with water. 
 
 This work was to be begun within six, and completcil within nine years. 
 Eepeated extensions of time were granted by supplementary acts. February 7, 1828, 
 the company was authorized to make a railroad instead of a canal, the lattur idea 
 being finally abandoned, notwithstanding the preparation of elaborate plans for 
 carrying it into excciidon. Neatly drawn maps, showing the line of the proposed 
 canal, are now in the possession of Hon. Jerome B. Nilcs, of Wellsboro. 
 
 In 1835 the company received a right of way for a railroad through the land of a 
 number of owners in Tioga, Richmond and Covington townships, but did notliing 
 further apparently until 1839, when additional rights of way were secured, and the 
 work of constructing the proposed line of railroad begun in earnest. July 4, 1840, 
 this road known, as the Corning and Blossburg railroad, was completed to Coving- 
 ton, and in the following September to Blossburg. 
 
 FIRST GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 The discovery of coal at Blossburg had the effect of stimulating the people of 
 southern New York to undertake to find a like deposit within the bounds of that 
 State. On March 11, 1S30, Professor Eaton, author of "Eaton's Manual of Geolo^," 
 read a paper entitled "Observations on the Coal Formations of the State of New 
 York," in connection with the great "Coal Beds of Pennsylvania," before the Albany 
 Institute. It was published in tlio transactions of the institute and "was accom- 
 panied with a demonstrative lecture, given at the request of several members of the 
 New York legislature, while the bill for boring for coal was pending." In this 
 address Professor Eaton entered into a general description of the coal formations of 
 the United States, saying that those at Blossburg had been carefully examined by 
 
124 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 himself and Professor Van Eensselaer. His statement that the Blossburg coal 
 formation extended into New York State, and that the slate rock which embraced 
 the coal was to be found along "Seneca and Cayuga lakes and down those lakes to 
 their outlets, and to Lake Erie," was soon challenged and proven to be erroneous. 
 
 The first systematic attempt, however, to ascertain the thickness and character 
 of the coal and iron ore beds about Blossburg, was made in 1832 by Eichard C. Tay- 
 lor, who was employed by Samuel W. Morris and others for that purpose, as well as 
 to survey a route for a railroad from the New York State line up the Tioga river 
 valley to Blossburg. Mr. Taylor's report, published in 1833, contains eight de- 
 tailed vertical geological sections, of East creek. Bear creek. Coal run, Morris run, 
 Boon creek, Johnson creek, Tioga valley and Fellows' creek. Considering the fact 
 that his investigations, owing to extremely limited facilities for carrying them on, 
 were confined to surface indications, the results compare favorably with later and 
 more elaborate efforts. The vertical section of Bear creek, or Bear run, as it is now 
 called, discloses the existence of nine coal veins. The thickness of the first, second, 
 third and fourth was not proven. The fifth and sixth veins are described as fol- 
 lows: "Fifth coal vein, called demons' coal, of excellent bituminous quality, worked 
 about thirty yards under the hill, 321 feet above the Tioga; 281.05 feet above Bloss- 
 burg." "Sixth coal vein, called Bloss' vein, now worked 269.80 feet above Bloss- 
 burg." The seventh, eighth and ninth veins were not proved. Above the Bloss. 
 vein several courses of good argillaceous iron ore in balls were found. The ore 
 below the Bloss vein was sandy and weak. A number of veins of good fire clay were 
 also disclosed. There is a general resemblance between this and the other sections, 
 which may be found in detail in Volume G- of the Second Geological Survey of 
 Pennsylvania, published in 1878. / 
 
 Mr. Taylor notes the fact that "the chief supply of coal for the neighboring 
 country has heretofore been taken from the fifth vein"— the Clemens vein. He 
 adds that "a lower vein of good quality has been recently opened." This is the 
 celebrated Bloss vein. At this time Judge John H. Knapp was operating a coal 
 mine on Coal run, about 280 feet above the level of the Blossburg bridge. This,, 
 the fifth vein, was from three feet seven inches to three feet eleven inches thick. 
 In a note Mr. Taylor says: "A considerable quantity of coal for the supply of the 
 neighborhood has been taken from the colliery worked" in this vein. He also adds- 
 that "about 350 tons of iron ore have been collected from the bed No. 27, and is in 
 readiness for smelting, * * "as soon as the furnace is completed." 
 
 Mr. Taylor summarized the results of his investigations in tables, which formed 
 a part of his report. They give the specific gravity, weight per cubic yard, thick- 
 ness of vein, and the gross contents or weight per acre of each vein of ooal, and also 
 a summary of the specific gravity and weight per cubic foot of iron ore, with an 
 estimate of the weight of one foot thick per acre of the difiierent veins. 
 
 THE AEBON COAL COMPAKY. 
 
 While Eichard C. Taylor was busy investigating the character and extent of 
 the coal and iron deposits in and around Blossburg, Judge Knapp was endeavoring 
 to push forward his enterprises. He was visited by a committee of New York gen- 
 tlemen seeking information to be used to induce the New York legislature to pass. 
 
COAL MIXES AXD illXIXG. 125 
 
 a bill for the construction of the Chemung canal. Their report had much to do 
 with the final passage of the bill. By reason, however, of failure to receive prom- 
 ised financial aid, and because of feeble health. Judge Knapp sold his lands and 
 turned over the work he had begun to Samuel Weeks, and removed to Fort Madi- 
 son, Iowa. What he did accomplish, however, was of such importance, that others 
 soon became earnestly interested in carrying forward the work of developing the 
 Blossburg coal and iron deposits. The lands and other properties acquired by 
 Samuel Weeks were first transferred to J^llis Lewis, and by him, on August 13, 
 1834, to Dr. Lewis Saynisch, who, in behalf of himself and others, soon acquired 
 a number of other tracts of land in and around Blossburg, and became a leading 
 spirit in the development that followed. 
 
 Under authority of an act of the legislature, approved April 13, 1838, Dr. 
 Lewis Saynisch, Dr. Joseph P. Morris, William Frederick Siidel, Dr. Franklin R. 
 Smith, James H. Gulick, James R. Wilson, Bowen Wliiting and others organized 
 the Arbon Coal Company, of which James R. Wilson was chosen [irtsident and 
 James H. Gulick selling agent. The capital authorized by law was hmitcd to 
 $150,000, and the amount of land to bu held in the name of the corporation to 
 2,000 acres. On May 30, 1838, another ci)iii]iaiiy made up of the .•iame person- waa 
 organized and called the Arbon Land ('(Hiipany, its objeet lieinj; to promoti' the 
 early building of the jiroposccl railroad from Lawrencevilie to ISio-shiir},'. 
 
 The Arbon Coal Coiii]iiiiiy, havin;,' perfected its <)r;,aiiiization, entered upon the 
 work of preparing to mine and ship coal so soon as tlie railroad shouM be enm- 
 pleted to Blossburg. A force of miners were placed at work in the old ('lemons 
 drift on Bear run, and an incline tram-way built from the drift opening ihiHU 
 the mountnin side to the railroad track. A store was opened, the furnace started 
 up, and new life infused into tiie villu,<;e, whieh began to ^row rapidly, with the u^ual 
 activity in real estate and rapid rise in real estate values. 
 
 The mines at Blossburg were operated by the Arbon Coal Company until 
 1845, when their control jiassed into the hands of John Ward & Company, to 
 whom the property is assessed from ISKi to IS.'iS. They appear to have leased it 
 until about isr.2 to William .AI. Mallory I'v- Company, and after that, until lSr.9, to 
 John Magee, when upon the opening of the mines at Fall Brook, mining for ship- 
 ment ceased at Blossiiuru. During the last sixteen years the mines at 15hl^^bur^' 
 were operated for shipment, they were in charge of .fohn James, a native of 
 Pontypool. Wales, and a practical miner. The production from the opening of the 
 mines until the suspension of mining for shipment was as follows: -Arbon Coal 
 Company. 4!l,(333 tons; William ^I. ^yiallory >S: Comi)any. 405,110 tons, and Duman S. 
 Ma;;ee, representing his fatiur, John :\[agee, TS.iHid tons, making a total of .■■)33,:45 
 tons of coal mined at Blossbur;,' between ISIO and lS."i9. 
 
 The history of the organization of the Morris Run Coal Alining Company, the 
 Fall Brook Coal Company, the lUossburg Coal Company, and of the (Jaines Coal 
 and Ciiko Company, as well as of the opening of the mines at Alorris Run, Fall 
 Brook, Arnot, .\ntrini, Landrus and (iaines, will bo found in the township and 
 boroupli chapters dealing with those plaees, where nu'Ution is also made of the con- 
 struction of the various railroads eonneeted with the>e mines. 
 
126 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 SIE CHAELBS LYBLL'S VISIT. 
 
 The coal mines at Blossbnrg were \isited in 1841, by Sir Charles Lyell, the emi- 
 nent English geologist. The distinguished visitor was the guest of Dr. Lewis 
 Saynisch, then the president of the Arbon Coal Company, and appears to have been 
 deeply impressed with what he saw. After his return to England he published the 
 following account of his visit to the mines: 
 
 It was the first time I had seen true coal in America, and I was very much struck 
 with its surprising analogy in mineral and fossil character to that of Europe; the same 
 white grits or sandstones as are used for building near Edinburg or Newcastle; similar 
 black slates, often bituminous, with leaves of fern spread out as in an herbarium, the 
 species being for the most part identical with the British fossil plants; seams of good 
 bituminous coal, some a few inches thick, others several feet thick; beds and nodules 
 of clay, ironstone, and the whole series resting on a coarse grit and conglomerate, con- 
 taining quartz pebbles very like our millstone grit, and often called by the American 
 as well as English miners, "farewell rock," because when they had reached it in their 
 borings they take leave of all valuable fuel. Beneath this grit are those red and gray 
 sandstones corresponding in mineral character, fossils and positions, with our old red. 
 I was desirous of ascertaining whether a generalization recently made by Mr. Logan 
 in South Wales could hold in this country. Each of the Welsh seams of coal — more than 
 ninety in number — have been found to rest on a sandy clay or firestone, in which a 
 peculiar species of plant called Stigmaria abounds to the exclusion of all others. I saw 
 the Stigmaria at Blossburg in abundance, in heaps of rubbish extracted from a horizon- 
 tal seam. Dr. Saynisch, the president of the mine, kindly lighted up the gallery that I 
 might inspect the works, and we saw the black shales in the roof adorned with beau- 
 tiful fern leaves, while the floor consisted of an under clay in which the stems of 
 Stigmaria, with their leaves and rootlets attached, were running in all directions. The 
 agreement of these phenomena with those of the Welsh coal measxires, 3,000 miles dis- 
 tant, surprised me, and led me to conclusions respecting the origin of coal from plants 
 not drifted, but growing on the spot, to which I shall refer hereafter. 
 
 COAL SEAMS DESCRIBED. 
 
 James Macfarlane, A. M., of Towanda, Pennsylvania, says in his "Coal 
 Regions of America," published in 1865: 
 
 The general geological section in the Blossburg region consists of 333 feet of strata, 
 including five workable seams of coal, four of which have been worked at various times 
 in the district. The lowest, or Coal A, known among the miners as the Bear Creek vein, 
 is from three to three and a half feet thick, and was worked as well as the Bloss seam, 
 at the old Blossburg mines by William M. Mallory previous to 1858. It produced a 
 good steam coal, but it frequently thinned out. The most important seam, which is 
 worked at all the mines, is B, which is called the Bloss vein, which is from thirteen to 
 twenty-nine feet above A. From this seam most of the coal of the region is produced. 
 It is sometimes interlaid with a thin seam of slate, and when this occurs an allowance 
 is made to the miner of a certain sum for each inch of slate, added to his usual price 
 per ton for mining. This system is a very just one, on account of the additional labor. 
 At other localities in the same mines this slate disappears, and the seam presents a 
 clean bed of pure coal from four and a half to five and a half feet in thickness. 
 
 The next seam which is worked to a limited extent, is twenty to thirty feet higher, 
 and sometimes less, and will be called Coal B, but on account of the heavy bed of fine 
 clay, on which it rests, it is commonly called the Fire Clay vein. It is a variable seam, 
 from one and a half to three and a half, and sometimes five feet thick, when impurities 
 occur in the middle. It appears to be a rider or satellite of seam B. It produces good 
 
COAL MINES AXD MIXING. 127 
 
 coal, and when it appears in its best form it is a valuable seam. It is being mined only 
 in a portion of the field. 
 
 Coal C occurs from seventeen to eighteen feet higher, and produces a species of 
 cannel coal. In western Pennsylvania this seam is the great deposit of cannel coal, 
 wherever that variety is found, but cannel coal is always liable to become degraded into 
 bituminous shale, and that is its character at Blossburg. This seam is always stig- 
 matized in this regfion as the Dirty vein or the Slate vein. It is regarded as worthless 
 and has never been mined. 
 
 Next in the ascending order, at an elevation of from seven to twenty feet above 
 the last, is a small seam, only useful as a geological landmark — Coal C, or the Monkey 
 vein, as the miners call it, on account of its small size, it being only from one and a half 
 to three and a half feet thick. It has never been opened for mining purposes. 
 
 Coal D is called at Blossburg the Seymour vein, in honor of ex-Governor Seymour, 
 who was the land owner where it was first wrought. It is from three to four and a 
 half feet in thickness, always free from slate, and produces a bright, beautiful-looking 
 coal of a columnar structure, and an excellent blacksmith coal. It is worked in a portion 
 of the region. Its elevation above the last-named seam, is from thirty to sixty-seven 
 feet, but like all the other intervals of rock, this is sometimes much less. Its elevation 
 above the Bloss vein is from 114 to 102 feet. 
 
 About fifty feet above the lusl is Coal E, commonly called the Rock vein, on account 
 of the heavy, coarse rocks over it, which is sometimes conglomoritic. This seam is 
 from two and a half to three feet thick, and in a few localitie.s is of a better size, but it 
 has never been worked. Fifty-six feet of rock have lu'en meiisured over this seiim, but 
 «7ithout coal, and it is not improbable that the foregoing series embrace tlie whole of 
 the lower coal measures of Pennsylvania. 
 
 CIIAEACTER AND USES OF BLOSSBURG COAL. 
 
 Blossburg coal early acquired a wide-spread fanu' as a smithing coal, and 
 blacksmiths were quick to recufiiiize its value, especially in the finer eiasses of 
 work. As the facilities for transportation increased, its use exteiuied. It found its 
 way to the mining camps of (California, Colonulo, Utah and Nevada, bein? trans- 
 ported from the termini of the railroads in saeks on the backs of pack muks. A 
 single gunny-sack full has been known to cost as high as $25. It also found ita 
 way into the lumber camps of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, where it was 
 highly prized for use in delicate work. A\'herever it was tested a report was re- 
 turned praising its excellence and adding to its fame. The result was that, year 
 by year, increasing demand made an increased output of the mines necessary, and 
 stimulated the organization of new mining companies, until the annual output rose 
 above 750,000 tons, and in 1873 — the year of ma.ximum production — reached a to- 
 tal of 991,057 tons. An examination of the published statistics shows that the 
 total production of coal for shipment since 1840, when the Corning and Blossburg 
 railroad was completed, is not far from 25,000,000 tons, being about one-third, ac- 
 cording to the lowest estimate, of all the workable coal in the lUosslnirtr coal basin. 
 
 The recent opening of mines in the extensive coal beds of (!learfield county — 
 where the coal is more easily and cheaply mined— has had the effect to greatly re- 
 duce the annual output of the mines of Tioga county. The consequence is that 
 there has been a marked falling off in the number of men employed by the different 
 companies. 
 
J^28 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE. 
 
 Practical tests, carried on under the direction of John J. Davis, at Amot, 
 having demonstrated that coke of an excellent quality could be produced from 
 Blossburg coal, the Blossburg Coal Company, in 1880, erected 200 bee-hive coke 
 ovens at Amot, and for a time carried on the manufacture of coke on a large scale. 
 A similar plant was erected in 1882 at Tioga by the Pall Brook Coal Company. For 
 -several years these plants were operated successfully, a ready sale being found for 
 the output. The necessity, however, of washing the coal, added so much to the cost 
 •of manufacture, that it was found impossible to compete, on anything like equal 
 terms, with Connellsville and other coke producing centers. The works at Tioga 
 were accordingly abandoned, and afterwards dismantled, and production for ship- 
 .ment at Arnot reduced until at present but a few ovens are operated, and those only 
 .semi-occasionally. The output for 1895 was 976 tons. 
 
 LABOE STEIKES AND TEOUBLES. 
 
 Prom 1840 until 1865 there had been occasional disagreements .between the 
 jniners and the companies operating the mines at Blossburg, Morris Eun and Pall 
 Brook. Most of these occurred after 1863, when the Miners' and Laborers' Benevo- 
 lent Union was formed. Subsequently the laborers and mechanics withdrew and 
 formed a separate union. Each union had a committee to hear the complaints of 
 individual members, and to present such complaints to a full meeting for action. To 
 this committee applications were to be made by those seeking employment, none 
 but members of the union being permitted to work for the mining companies. A 
 limitation was also placed on the number of members to be admitted to the Miners' 
 Union. The Laborers' Union was not so strict in this regard, and many miners, 
 unable to obtain admission to the Miners' Union joined it, and worked in the woods, 
 ithough the wages were much less than those paid to miners. 
 
 At this time the great Civil War was in progress, draining every department of 
 industry of able-bodied laborers and mechanics. This not only created a demand for 
 labor, but a demand on the part of the laborer for an increase of wages, made neces- 
 ;sary by a constant increase in the cost of living. These demands were either ac- 
 ceded to without a strike, or compromised after a strike had been inaugurated. As 
 "the result of these repeated advances, miners were among the best paid wage earners 
 in the country, and their union one of the strongest industrial organizations in ex- 
 istence. The unusual wages paid also stimulated miners from England, Ireland, 
 'Scotland and Wales to seek employment in the United States, and the miners at 
 Horris Eun and Pall Brook now received large accessions from those countries to 
 take the places of those that had gone into the army, as well as to supply the demand 
 'for more men to work in the mines and the woods. 
 
 In the year 1864 there was a great demand for houses, the companies being un- 
 •able to build them fast enough. While this demand was at its height, Hon. John 
 llagee, during a visit to Pall Brook, discovered that a number of miners working in 
 the mines at Morris Eun were living in his houses at Fall Brook. It was also dis- 
 •covered that miners were working in Pall Brook and living in Morris Eun. As the 
 two companies were business rivals, this arrangement did not please Mr. Magee, and 
 •an understanding was had between the companies that each should restrict its miners 
 
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COAL MIXES AND MINING. 129 
 
 or laborers to the occupancy of hoiises owned by the company in whose employ they 
 were. A contract or lease was drawn up and submitted to the householders to the 
 effect that when they ceased to work for the fall Brook Coal Company, they would 
 surrender possession of the houses occupied by them. These contracts or leases were 
 submitted to the unions and were rejected. Notices, dated December 31, 18G4, to 
 surrender possession were then served on the employes of the Morris Bun Coal Com- 
 pany, living in the Fall Brook Coal Company s houses, and hke notices ser\ ed on 
 the employes of the Fall Brook Coal Company living in the houses of the Morris Kun 
 Coal Company. 
 
 The strike that followed was a long and bitter one. The men had been earning 
 good wages and were prepared for a prolonged coutust, to which they were urged 
 and encouraged by their leaders. At the end of three months ejectment proceedings 
 were begun. The opposition to this led to an aitjicul to tlie sheriff, and to the sum- 
 moning of a posse of 200 or 300 of the citizens of the coimty which nas likewise 
 resisted. This occurred on May 8, 1865. Thu arrest of a number of miners followed, 
 some of whom were committed to jail, others fined and still others put under bonds. 
 Finding himself unable to serve writs and ciifdiie ejectments, the sheriff ap- 
 pealed to the governor, who ordered the "Bucktail" regiment to report to and assist 
 him. The work of forcibly dispossessing the miners of their houses anil removing 
 their household goods was tluii carried forward, the floods and their owners being 
 loaded on cars and conveyed to Blossburj,'. This action broke tlie spirit of the 
 strikers, and led to negotiations which resulted in the larger number of them re- 
 turning to work, though at deerensed waj;es, owing In the termination of the Civil 
 War, and the decline in the juiee of coal. The failure of the strike had also re- 
 sulted in a virtual dissolution of the Miners' and the Laborers' unions. 
 
 The next struggle oceurred in 18:3. The panic of that year was severely felt 
 by the mining companies, and they were on the point of closing the mines, when in 
 Sejjteniber, upon consultation with a number of leading miners, they determined to 
 run them two or three days a week, in order to keep the men employed a part of the 
 time, at least. Soon after this new order of working had pone into effect, a move- 
 ment among the miners looking to the formation of a miners union, similar to the 
 one which existed from 1863 to ISdo, led to another clash. The companies fearing 
 a repetition of the scenes of the latter year, opposed the organization of the n.w 
 union, and posted notices that they would not employ anyone belonging to it. The 
 miners were determined to organize. As neither the companies or the miners would 
 yield another strike resulted, the men organizing unions at Fall Brook, Morris Run 
 and Arnot. At Antrim — many of the miners having suffered by the strike of ISe") — 
 they did not succeed, and work went on there without interruption. 
 
 This strike lasted from December, 1873, until about March, IST-l, and though a 
 stubborn one, and resulting in mueli bad feeling, wa."! free from the violence and the 
 distressing scones of 1865. After it was inaugurated a number of questions became 
 involved. Terms acceptable to the men were finally submitted by the companies 
 and work resumed. 
 
 In 1879. after a number of dull years, residting in a marked dccrea.se in the out- 
 put of the mines, and the cmploj-ment of the miners only two or three days in the 
 
130 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COCTNTT. 
 
 week, business brightened and the demand increased. This was followed in De- 
 cember of that year by a demand for an increase of wages on the part of the miners. 
 It was acceded to, although the companies were filling contracts made in May, when 
 prices were low. A few days later the men made a demand for a further increase of 
 wages. This was refused, and after several weeks of discussion, another strike re- 
 sulted lasting until May 1, the time for renewing contracts, when a satisfactory setr 
 tlement was made and work resumed. 
 
 On May 1, 1890, the miners at Arnot struck for an advance of ten cents a ton for 
 mining, and were Joined on May 8, by the miners at Pall Brook, Antrim and Morris 
 Eun. This strike lasted until June 23, 1890, when work was resumed upon a 
 promise of an increase of wages after July 1. Dui-ing this strike the companies lost 
 several valuable coal contracts, which resulted in less production and less work 
 after the strike ended. 
 
 At a meeting held at Columbus, Ohio, March 11, 1894, the United Mine 
 "Workers of America resolved to demand a restoration of the scale of 1891, and in 
 the event of a refusal to accede to the demand on the part of the operators, to order 
 a general strike of all the bituminous coal miners throughout the country. At this 
 time the miners of Tioga county had no grievance, but when the strike was ordered 
 April 1, 1894, they quit work out of sympathy for the miners of western Pennsyl- 
 vania and Ohio. The strike in Tioga county lasted until the middle of July when 
 the miners returned to work at the old rate of wages. The strike was a costly one 
 both for them and the companies. The latter lost valuable contracts, while the men 
 lost twelve weeks' wages, and have since worked only a portion of the time, owing 
 to a lack of orders for coal. 
 
 EECEKT STATISTICS. 
 
 The report for 1895 of James N. Patterson, of Blossburg, inspector for the 
 Eighth Bituminous District of Pennsylvania, to the secretary of internal affairs, 
 presents the following facts and figures relating to the coal mines of Tioga county: 
 
 ArnoL— Number of men employed in mines, 631; number of men employed 
 outside, 120; total, 651. Number of days worked, 208; number of tons of coal 
 mined, 262,416. ' 
 
 A7itrim.—NuxabeT of men employed in mines, 306; number of men employed 
 outside, 74; total, 380. Number of days worked, 136; number of tons of coal mined, 
 123,408. 
 
 Bear Run.—This is the mine at Landrus. Number of men employed in mines, 
 243; number of men employed oiitside, 29; total, 272. Number of davs worked, 
 203; number of tons of coal mined, 126,694. 
 
 Fall Brook.— munber of men employed in mines, 136; number of men em- 
 ployed outside, 23; -total, 159. Number of days worked, 248; number of tons of 
 coal mined, 72,465. 
 
 Gurnee.—Theve were sixteen men employed in the mines and outside They 
 worked 162 days and mined 6,511 tons of coal. 
 
 Morris Run.~mmbeT of men employed in mines, 539; number of men em- 
 ployed outside, 68; total, 607. Number of days worked, 127; number of tons of coal 
 mined, 198,920. 
 
COAL MINES AND MLNINQ. 131 
 
 The above figures show that 1,TG9 men were employed in the mines, and 316 
 outside, making a total of 2,085, who worked an average of 180 days during the year, 
 and produced 789,414 tons of coal, being an average of 451 tons for each man ac- 
 tually employed in the mines. The 316 men employed outside embrace blacksmiths 
 and carpenters, engineers and firemen, slate pickers, superintendents, bookkeepers, 
 clerks, mill men and woodsmen. Each of the companies, except the Gaines (_'oal 
 and Coke Company, operates one or more saw-mills and keeps a force of men at work 
 in the woods, getting out logs and tan bark. 
 
 PAST AND PBESEXT. 
 
 From 1840 — the year in which the ('orning and Blossburg railroad was com- 
 pleted — may be said to date a new era in the bituminous coal trade and production 
 of the Uuited States. Previous to that year, in which thu production reached 78,571 
 tons, the bituminous coal supply of the country was confined to tlii.' Richmond (N'a.) 
 basin. The opening of the mines at Blossburg, however, and the subsequent organi- 
 zation of the Morris Run, Fall Brook and Blossburg Coal Companies, ^oou placed 
 Tioga county at the head of the bituminous coal producing si^ctions of the country, 
 and gave to Blossburg coal a widi'-sprcad reputation as a smithing and steam coal. 
 The area of bituminous coal production, however, sonn began to extt ml rapidly, and 
 the output to assume enormous figures. The demand kept even pace with the 
 supply, and operators were able to maintain prices and to pay the scale cjf wages de- 
 manded by the miners until the close of the great Civil War restored to the trades 
 and industries of the country the men who had been at the front. Prices of every- 
 thing, including labor, soon began to fall, and strikes and struggles between em- 
 ployers and employes were frei|uent. The great army of labor was also rapidly in- 
 creased by immigration from foreign lands, and it was not long before, instead of 
 being a scarcity of laborers, there was a scarcity of work, not because work was scarce, 
 but because the number of laborers had increased more rapidly than the various in- 
 dustries had developed. Employers were therefore able to not only make terms, but 
 to pick and choose, which they did to an extent that has practically changed the 
 character of the mining population of Tioga county. The English, Seotch, Welsh 
 and Irish miners, have for the most part given way to Poles, Swedes and Hungarians. 
 These latter have proven industrious, frugal and tractable, and are becoming 
 naturalized as citizens, as rapidly as permissable under the law. 
 
 Notwithstanding the business depression of the past few years, the coal pro- 
 duction of the country at large continues to show a marked increase. In 1895 the 
 production of anthracite in Pennsylvania was 45,000,000 tons, an increase of 5,000,- 
 000 tons over the previous year, and yet the miners did not work full time. For 
 the same year the bituminous production of the country and the limited anthracite 
 production of Colorado, reached a total of 148,990,933 tons, making for the Fnited 
 States a total anthracite and bituminous production of 193,990,933 tons, only 16,- 
 879,895 tons less than Great Britain, the leading coal-producing country- of the 
 world. 
 
 These figiire.'s give some idea of the enormous growth of this vast industry since 
 the time when, in 1840. the shipment of coal by rail from Blo^bure began. They 
 tell of thousands of millions of dollars invested in coal lands, in railroad and navi- 
 
132 HISTOET OF TIOOA COUNTY. 
 
 » 
 
 gation companies, in rolling-mills, furnaces and factories, and in a multitude of in- 
 dustries in every part of the country. And they also tell of hundreds of thousands 
 of men who toil amid the dimness and darkness and dangers of the mines, in order 
 to provide food and raiment for themselves and those dependent upon them. 
 
 Here in Tioga county the industry has been going backward. The last few years 
 have been marked by decreased production and uncertain employment. The area of 
 coal production is limited, and the cost of mining greater than in many other places, 
 which does not give a hopeful outlook for the future. Nevertheless, the companies 
 and their employes are looking eagerly and anxiously forward to a revival of business 
 in the belief that even if wages are not advanced full-time work will be guaranteed. 
 
 CHAPTEE XI. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDIFGS AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 FiHST Meeting Place of the Commissioners— Tempoeary Quarters Secured 
 —First Public Buildings Erected— An Odd Contract— High Price of Nails 
 —Description of Buildings— The New Court House and Jail— The Present 
 Jail— The Only Criminal Execution— New Record Building— County House 
 AND Farm— Roster of Public Officials. 
 
 THE first meeting, in their oificial capacity, of Nathan Niles, Caleb Boyer and 
 Ira KilbuTn,the first commissioners of Tioga county, was held October 30,1808,"at 
 the Meeting House, in Wellsboro, in said county." At this meeting it was agreed 
 by the commissioners "that their further meetings, for the purpose of transacting 
 the public business be held at this place." The meeting of June 23, 1809, was held 
 at the house of David Lindsey, which appears to have been the place of meeting for 
 several years. That the commissioners were desirous of purchasing it for that pur- 
 pose, as well as for the safe-keeping of records, the following, under date of August 
 20, 1811, will show: 
 
 Eesolved, That, as a house is necessary for securing the papers and books of the 
 county of Tioga, after taking the matter into consideration, we look upon the house of 
 David Lindsey to be suitable for that purpose, and have agreed to advance the said David 
 Lindsey the sum of $60 towards the payment for the said house, provided that at the 
 next meeting of the board of commissioners we conclude to purchase it at the sum of 
 $250, which the said David Lindsey agrees to take; and if at that time we conclude not to 
 make the purchase the said David Lindsey agrees to refund the said $60, or leave the 
 house in security until it be paid back. 
 
 Nathan Niles, 
 Ubiah Spencek, 
 
 Com. 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AXD OFFICIALS. 133 
 
 There is nothing in the record to show whether or not this purchase was con- 
 cluded, but the presumption is that it was, and that the house became the re- 
 pository of the books and papers of the county, rather than the meeting place of 
 the commiBsioneis, as will appear hereafter. 
 
 This historic building, the first one devoted to the public business of the 
 county, stood on the site now occupied by the Presbyterian church. It was a 
 primitive log house, and was occupied, after the erection of the court house, by 
 William Bache, St., who opened in it the first store in Wellsboro. 
 
 On December 18, 1812, the commissioners adopted the following: 
 
 Kesolved, That the room below stairs at John Norris' be the commissioners office 
 until we build one, and that we agree with his proposal of giving him the annual rent 
 of $25. It is understood that for that sum he supplies firewood and, when necessary, 
 candles. 
 
 FIRST PUBLIC BUILDINGS ERECTED. 
 
 The first intimation given in the record of the intention of the commissioners 
 to erect a court house is to be found, under date of November 5, 1812, in the "mem- 
 orandum of probable expenses of the county of Tioga for the year 1813," the first 
 item of which reads as follows: '"Boards and work for court room, $100." Another 
 item reads, "I'rothonotary and commissioners office to be built, $300;" and still 
 another, "Building jail, $400." These items show an intention on the part of the 
 commissioners to erect a court room and jail, and a prothonotary and commissioners 
 office, and to set aside $800 to meet, in part, at least the expense of their construc- 
 tion. 
 
 On January 14, 1813, Eddy Howland, Timothy Ives and Nathan Niles, Jr., 
 the commissioners then in office, approved the plmis pnsiiited by William Hill, "of 
 offices for prothonotary and commissioners," ordered them "placed on file amongst 
 our office papers," and also adopted the following: 
 
 Beaolved, That three advertisements containing the substance of a paper of this date 
 filed in our oiBce, describing the manner in which a court house and jail are required 
 to be built, be made out by the clerk and sent, one to Tioga, one to Cowanesque, and that 
 one be posted up in some public place in the town of Wellsboro. 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing that the commissioners had in view the erec- 
 tion of a court house and jail, which was to o^nit^titute one buildiii;:, and that a 
 second building was to contain the offices of the prothonotary and commissioners. 
 Upon which building work was first begun it is impossible to say with certainty, 
 but the inference from the record is that the court house and jail were given the 
 preference, as we find that on April 36, 1813, "they viewed the work of Ebenezer 
 Hill," and made the following peculiar contract with David Henry "to do the mason 
 work of tile under pinning of the jail." 
 
 1. He (David Henry) is to have one dollar per day for his own work, his provisions 
 are to be fouiul him and he is to bo furnished with half a pint of whiskey per day. 
 
 2. He is to have half a dollar per day for the use of his oxen, for eviry day they 
 are employed In hauling stone from the quarry for under pinning the jail, and the 
 oxen whilst working are to be found by the commissioners their necessary feed. 
 
 8. David Henry is to begin work this day two weeks and continue at it until he haa 
 flnUbed it. 
 
134 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTTNTY. 
 
 4. In case of rain, David Henry's provisions shall be found for him and hay for his 
 oxen, although neither of them may be able to work, but his v^ag-es during that period 
 shall cease. 
 
 Da-vid Henry appears to have not only carried out his part of the foregoing 
 contract, but to have come to the rescue of Ebenezer Hill, the contractor for build- 
 ing the court house and jail, at a critical period, as is shown by the following entry 
 in the commissioners' minute book, under date of October 4, 1813: 
 
 It being represented to the commissioners by John Norris and Ebenezer Hill that 
 the vrork at the building of the jail and court house must have stopped directly after 
 their last meeting had not John Norris and Ebenezer Hill borrowed a certain quantity 
 of shingling nails of David Henry, and become bound to said Henry to return the said 
 nails in five weeks from the time borrowed or pay him, the said Henry, half a dollar 
 per lb. for them in cash; the commissioners, having taken the same into consideration, 
 and believing that Norris and Hill had no other view in procuring the nails but to for- 
 ward the work of said jail and court house, do hereby resolve to relieve Norris and Hill 
 from the penalty of their agreement, and subject the county to any and every expense 
 or loss that Norris and Hill may suffer on the above account. 
 
 At this time the War of 1813 was in progress and' nails were not only very dear 
 but very scarce, it being well nigh impossible to procure them. 
 
 On October 7, 1813, the board resolved "that Ebenezer Hill be employed to do 
 the inside work of the court house." In the estimate of expenses for the year 1814, 
 made October 37, 1813, the following items appear: "Mnishing the court house 
 and Jail, more than the agreement made with Ebenezer Hill, $500." "Two offices, 
 one for commissioners and one for recorder, etc., $.500." 
 
 After numerous delays, the buildings were completed some time during the 
 year 1815, between which year and 1824, the minute books of the commissioners 
 are missing from the commissioners' office. William Bache, whose memory con- 
 cerning the earlier years of the county's history is clear, says the court house and 
 Jail stood about on the site of the present court house. It was a two-story building, 
 the lower story being of logs, and the upper story a frame. The lower story was 
 used for a dwelling by the jailer, David Lindsey, the court room being upstairs. 
 The jail formed the wing of the building on the northeast side. It was built of 
 logs, which were filled with spikes to keep the prisoners from cutting their way 
 out. The building erected for the commissioners and the prothonotary stood about 
 on the site of the new office building. It was a two-story frame, the offices being 
 in the lower, and jury room in the second, story. "When the present court house 
 was erected, this building was sold to Josiah Emery for $100, and was removed to a 
 lot on Central avenue, opposite Willow Hall. It was used as a residence by him for 
 thirty-five years. It is now the property of Jefferson Harrison and is still used for 
 residence purposes, though so much changed by additions and improvements as to 
 be scarcely recognizable. 
 
 The furniture of the old court room was very plain and primitive. It con- 
 sisted of a rude bench for the judge; a dock, with its square box flanked by a railing 
 on each side; a big oval table, between the bench and the dock, with a great deep 
 scallop in its end, next to the dock, from which the counsel addressed the court and 
 jury, and two long, narrow boxes on each side for the jury when their presence 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OFFICIALS. 135 
 
 was required. In cold weather the room was heated by a fire-place and a ten-plate 
 stove which stood in the southeast comer. 
 
 It was in this room that the early lawyers of the county, a number of whom 
 afterward sat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the State or filled other honor- 
 able official positions, were pitted against each other in the trial of civil and crim- 
 inal causes. Every session of the court saw a gathering of attorneys, litigants, 
 witnesses, jurymen and spectators from all parts of the county. In addition to the 
 business calling them together, neighborhood news and gossip were retailed, and 
 national, state and county politics discussed, with the usual amount of wire- 
 pulling and log-rolling, the fate and fortunes of men ambitious of political prefer- 
 ment oftentimes being decided during a confidential chat beneath the shade of a 
 nearby pine or hemlock tree. 
 
 THE NEW COURT HOUSE AND JAIL. 
 
 As the years passed, bringing increase of population, wealth and busiiu-ss, it 
 became apparent that the public buildings of the county were inadequate and that 
 more substantial and commodious ones were demanded. This demand was empha- 
 sized by the recent theft of valuable public records, making it necessary to provide 
 for their better and safer keeping. Stei)s were accordingly taken to suture the erec- 
 tion of new public buildings. 
 
 On February 2, 1835, an act of Assembly was approved authorizing tlie eoiumis- 
 sioners to borrow money, not exceeding $8,000, for the purpose of erecting the pro- 
 posed new public buildings, and to ple(l<,'e the credit of the county for the payment 
 of the same. No time was lost. The old court house was torn down and the ground 
 prepared. The new building was very solidly constructed of native sandstone, and 
 if not imposing in architectural appearance, it has served its purpose well. During 
 its construction the court found temporary refuge in the liouse of Mr. Bache, which 
 was fitted up for its accommodation. The tooth of time has had very little effect 
 upon this sandstone building. In appearance it is ruirfred and strong and likely to 
 withstand the action of the elements for many years to come. Within it is com- 
 fortably fitted up. The judge's chambers, which are ca]nuioiis and well furnished, 
 are on the first floor to the right as you enter from the east; and just across the cor- 
 ridor are other rooms wliich are used for offices. Ascending by a broad flight the 
 court room is found on the second floor. It is capacious, airy, and plainly but 
 comfortal)ly furnished. Within the bar the bench is sufficiently elevated to give 
 the court a good view of the room and audience, while the bar, ollicers of the court, 
 and jurors, have comfortable accommodations and pleasant surrounding's. On the 
 walls are suspended portraits of the president judges who have occupied the bench. 
 Some of these men attained great distinction and adorned the Supreme Court 
 bench of the State. 
 
 In the basement of this building was the coimty jail, in which offenders 
 against the "pt'ace and dignity" of the commonwealth were incarcerated. It an- 
 swered the requirements of the county until ISiiJti. when the present sherilT's resi- 
 dence and jail was erect(>d at a cost of about $lil.0OO. The edifice is a tw.i-story 
 brick, substantially built, fronting the public square and Central avenue. The 
 portion fronting the public square is occupied by tlie sheriff and his family, the jail 
 
136 HISTOliY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 being at the back, fronting Central avenue. In 1893 the old cut-stone cells were 
 torn out and a modern steel equipment substituted, at a cost of about $9,000, thus 
 giving the county a thoroughly safe and secure jail. The old jail, under the court 
 house, is used by the borough for the safe keeping of its prisoners. 
 
 THE ONLY CKIMINAL EXECUTION. 
 
 Thus far in her history Tioga county has only had one conviction and execution 
 for murder, although there have been several trials on that charge. George Travis 
 was tried and convicted of the murder of Martha Sylvia, July 14, 1883. The murder 
 occurred on the night of April 3, 1883, in Charleston township. Following were 
 the jurors: Charles Margraff, John W. Warren, Evan Price, William Hyde, George 
 Eansom, Lloyd Squiers, Eoswell Ripley, Thomas B. Mitchell, William J. Bowen, 
 David Louden, Edward E. Copp and Otis H. Davis. 
 
 On his conviction a motion for a new trial was made, but it was overruled, 
 and the prisoner was sentenced to be hanged August 18, 1883, on which day 
 a writ of error was filed and the case carried to the Supreme Court, but that body 
 aflarmed the lower court, October 38, 1884. Travis was executed in the jail yard by 
 Sheriff Harry Baxter, January 15, 1885. 
 
 NEW KECOEI) BUILDING. 
 
 After a lapse of forty-five years the business of the county had so increased 
 that more room was required for the offices and records, and in 1880 it was decided 
 to erect a building especially for this purpose. It was commenced in 1881 and com- 
 pleted in 1883. It is located a few feet south of the court house, is two stories high, 
 with a tower, and is about fifty-seven feet square. The material used in its construc- 
 tion is red pressed brick, trimmed with native sand-stone, and it is divided into two 
 rooms down stairs and two in the second story. Those on the first fioor are occu- 
 pied by the prothonotary and the register and recorder; on the second floor by the 
 sheriff, treasurer and the county commissioners. Each office is fitted with modem 
 equipments for the classification and easy handling of the books and papers, and 
 throughout the building is as nearly fire proof as it is possible to make it. That the 
 officials of Tioga county have commodious and convenient quarters in which to 
 transact the public business, is the verdict of all who have examined them. The 
 construction of the building was commenced under the supervision of Commissioners 
 N. A. Elliott, 0. A. Smith, and J. E. Peters, and finished by the board composed 
 of J. E. Peters, J. J. Eeese, and Charles M. Eumsey, in July, 1882. The cost of this 
 building, including the boiler-house and steam-heating plant, added in 1894, was 
 about $30,000. A beautiful and well-kept lawn surrounds the building ajid adds 
 to its attractiveness. 
 
 COUNTY HOUSE AND FAHM. 
 
 Previous to 1866 the indigent poor were cared for by the several townships, each 
 township bearing the expense of maintaining its own poor. On March 13 of that 
 year an act of the legislature was approved, appointing William Bache, James H. 
 GuHck, J. L. Baldwin, Joel Parkhurst and John Maynard, commissioners, to pur- 
 chase real estate for a county farm and, with the assent of the court of quarter ses- 
 sions, to execute bonds and mortgages, to secure payment therefor. The act also 
 
PUBLIC BUILDIXG8 AND OFFICIALS. 137 
 
 made the county commissioners overseers of the poor, and authorized them to erect 
 suitable buildings and assess a county poor tax, sufficient to maintain the inmates 
 and also pay for the buildings within five years. They were also authorized to ap- 
 point a steward, a matron and a physician, and were required to visit the institution 
 monthly. 
 
 Under the authority of this act the commissioners named purchased twenty- 
 five acres of the old Caleb Austin farm just east of Wellsboro, on the south side of the 
 State road, in Charleston township. Subsequent purchases, from time to time, have 
 enlarged the original farm to 315 acres. On the land first purchased a two-story 
 brick building was erected and was ready for occupancy in 1869. It answered the 
 purpose of the county until 1888, when it was torn down and the present commo- 
 dious and well-furnished building erected at a cost of over $20,000. There is also- 
 a frame residence for the superintendent, with a bam and other outbuild in;.'.<. The 
 farm is cultivated for the benefit of the inmates, those able to do so assisting in the 
 work. A number of insane poor are cared for in a building specially set apart for 
 them. The institution is a well-ordered one and is of great value to the county in 
 properly caring for the indigent and the insane poor. The farm and improvement* 
 are valued at about $50,000. 
 
 BOSTEH OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS. 
 
 The names and dates of service of Tioga county citizens who have filled office* 
 in the Nation, State and county are given in the following roster: 
 
 United States Senator.— Ron. John 1. MitcheU, elected in 1881 and served a full 
 
 term of six years. 
 
 Representatives in Congress.— J ames Ford, of Lawrencc-ville, the first member ol 
 Congress from Tioga county, was elected in 1828, and re-elected in 1830, servmg 
 two consecutive terms. He had previously served two years in the legislature, and 
 his life was honorably interwoven with the history of the State. He died at Law- 
 renceville in August, 1859, aged seventy-six years. Samuel Wells Morris, a son of 
 the founder of Wellsboro, was elected in 1836 and served until 1841. Stephen F. 
 Wilson was elected in 1864, and re-elected in 1866. Henry Sherwood was elected 
 in 1870, over lion. William H. Armstrong, of Williamsport, by a majority of twenty- 
 seven votes. The district being strongly Republican, he served only one term. John 
 I. Mitchell was elected in 187 G, and served two terms. Mortimer V. EUiott was 
 elected congressman-at-large in 1882, serving one term. Horace B. Packer, the 
 present representative from this district, was elected in November, 1896. 
 
 Auditor General of Pennsylvania.— Jerome B. Niles was elected in 1883 and 
 served three vears, commencing May 2, 1884. 
 
 Attorney Gnierals of PcnnsyInuna.—¥A\i» Lewis, commissioned Januarj- -29, 
 1833; John C. Knox, commissioned January 19, IS'.S. 
 
 Chief Jmtice Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.— EIHb Lewis, commissioned 
 
 December 4, 1854. 
 
 Associate Justices.— Ellis Lewis, commissioned October 14, 18.") 1 ; John C Knox, 
 May 23, 18 ".3; Henry W. Williams, appointed to succeed Ulysses Mercur, and com- 
 missioned August 19, 1887; elected and commissioned for a term of twenty-one 
 years, December 22, 1887. 
 
138 HISTOEY OS TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Speakers of the Senate of Pennsylvania. — Daniel L. Sherwood, 1846; Butler B. 
 Strang, 1874. 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania. — Butler B. Strang, 
 1870. 
 
 State Senators. — John Eyon, Jr., the first member of the State Senate from 
 Tioga county, was elected in 1824. His successors, who were citizens of this county 
 when elected, have been as follows: Daniel L. Sherwood, speaker, 1846; John W. 
 Guernsey, 1850-53; Stephen E. Wilson, 1863-65; Butler B. Strang, 1873-76, and 
 speaker in 1874; Charles H. Seymour, 1877-80; Horace B. Packer, 1889-92, and 
 Walter T. Merrick, elected November 3, 1896. 
 
 State Representatives. — John Eyon, Jr., was the first member of the lower house 
 sent from Tioga county. He was elected in 1820, 1821 and 1822, and served three 
 years. Those who succeeded him are as follows: James Ford, 1824-25; Dr. Curtis 
 Parkhurst, 1828-29; John Beecher, 1831-32; Samuel Wells Morris, 1833-36; 
 William Garretson, 1837-38; Lewis B. Cole, 1839-40; John Waklee, 1841; Daniel 
 L. Sherwood, 1842-43; George Knox, 1844-45; John C. Knox, 1846-47; ISTathaniel 
 
 A. Elliott, 1848-49; Jeremiah Black, 1850 and 1852; A. J. Monroe, 1851; James 
 Lowrey, 1853-54; Thomas L. Baldwin, 1855-56; L. P. Williston, 1857-60; Butler 
 
 B. Strang, 1861-62 and 1868-71, speaker in 1870; S. B. Elliott, 1861-62; C. 0. 
 Bowman, 1863; John W. Guernsey, 1864-65; W. T. Humphrey, 1866-67 and 
 1875-76; Jerome B. Niles, 1869-70; John I. Mitchell, 1872-76. After the adoption 
 of the Constitution of 1873, Tioga county became entitled to two representa- 
 tives, and since that time the following named persons have served: C. V. Elhott 
 and Hugh Young, 1877-78. Mr. Young resigned in May, 1877, to accept the appoint- 
 ment of bank examiner, and Benjamin Dorrance was elected to fill his unexpired 
 term. C. V. Elliott and Benjamin Dorrance, 1879-80; Charles Tubbs and Jerome 
 B. ISTiles, 1881-84; Horace B. Packer and Henry M. Poote, 1885-88; Isaac 
 Squires and George T. Losey, 1889-92; Walter T. Merrick and Jerome B. Mies, 
 1893-96, and P. B. Smith and Eobert K. Young, elected in November, 1896. 
 
 Members of Constitutional Convention.— Hon. Eobert G. White sat in the Con- 
 vention of 1837-38 and was appointed on the committee having Article I under con- 
 sideration. He opposed the clause which confined the right of suffrage to white 
 citizens. Hon. Mortimer P. Elliott and Hon. Jerome B. Niles, both of Wellsboro, 
 were members of the Convention of 1873. 
 
 President Judges.— John Bannister Gibson, 1812-15; Thomas Burnside, 
 1815-18; Edward Herrick, 1818-39; John Nesbit Conyngham, 1839-49, and 
 Horace WilHston, 1849-51. The office became elective in 1850, and Eobert G. 
 White, of Wellsboro, was elected for ten years, being the first citizen of the county 
 to fill the office. He was re-elected in 1861. Henry W. Williams was elected in 1871, 
 and re-elected in 1881, serving until August 19, 1887, when he was appointed asso- 
 ciate justice of the Supreme Court of the State to fill a vacancy, and was succeeded 
 by Stephen P. Wilson, who served until January, 1889. He was succeeded by John 
 I. Mitchell, elected in November, 1888— the present incumbent. 
 
 Additional Law Judges.— Hon. Henry W. Williams, appointed in March, 1865, 
 and served until 1871, when he was elected president judge. Hon. Stephen P Wil- 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OFFICIALS. 139 
 
 son, appointed in 1871 to fill the vacancy caused by Judge Williams' election as 
 president judge; elected as his own successor in 1872 for a term of ten years. 
 
 Associate Judges. — Samuel W. ilorris and Ira Kilbum were appointed the first 
 associate judges of Tioga county, July 13, 1812, to serve during life or good be- 
 havior. The former was elected to the legislature in the fall of 1832, and was suc- 
 ceeded as associate judge by John Eyon, Jr., who was appointed January 29, 1833. 
 Judge Kilburn served until 1840, when he was succeeded by Jonah Brewster, ap- 
 pointed April 1 of that year, the term of oifice being limited to five years by the Con- 
 stitution of 1838. Judge Eyon was re-appointed March 5, 1842, and Judge Brewster 
 February 27, 1845. The former was succeeded by Dr. Curtis Parkhurst, 
 appointed March 15, 1847, and the latter In- Levi I. Nicliols. March 
 7, 1850. In 1850 the office became elective and was filled as follows: 
 Calvin Dyer and Dr. Simeon I'owur, co^lmJ^.■^loned November 10, 1851; 
 J. C. Whittaker and Abel Humphrey, NonchiIjlt 12, Is.")!!; Thomas L. 
 Baldwin, appointed January IT, 1861, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Judge 
 Humphrey; E. T. Bentley, appointed September 2, 18(J1, to fill vacancy caused by 
 resignation of Judge Baldwin; Victor Casu and IJnyul Wheeler, commissioned No- 
 vember 23, 1861; Charles l<\ Vuil and K. T. I'.cniiey, Xovumber '.), l.stjii; Daniel 
 McXaughton and Lewis B. Smith, November 17, l.sU; M. K. Ketan and John F. 
 Donaldson, December 8, 1876; I'tter \'. Van Ness, February IT, ISMO; George H. 
 Baxter, December 2, 1880; Hitrvey Lamkin, December S, issl. When the county 
 became a separate judicial distriet as apportioned under tlie aet of 1883, the olBce 
 of associate judge ceased to exist. 
 
 District Attorneys. — Up to 1850 the prosecuting officer for the Commonwealth 
 was styled deputy attorney general, and he leeeived liis appointment from the at- 
 torney general of the State, or the court. At the opening of the first court in Jan- 
 uary, 1813, Henry Wilson appeared by appointment as deputy attorney general. At 
 the April term Alphonso Stewart was appointed by tlie court, and Edward Ibrrick 
 appeared at the November term, after which the appointment ran as follows: Al- 
 phonso Stewart, Thomas Overton and Charles Catlin, 1814; Thomas Overton and 
 Simon Kinney, 1815; Simon Kinney and Ethan Baldwin, 1816; George Dennison, 
 1817; Ethan Baldwin, 1818; Edward Overton and William Patton, 1819; Edward 
 Overton, 1820; Joseph B. Anthony, 1821; Thomas Elder, 1822-23; Ellis Lewis, 
 1824-25; Clarendon Rathbone, 182(i-28; William Garretson, 182'J; R. G. White, 
 1830-31, assisted by Horace WiUiston the latter year; Josiah Emery, 1832; 
 Clarendon Rathbone, IS.'U; A. S. Brewster, lSo:)-3T; Josiah Emery, 1838; John C. 
 Knox, 1810-42; Pardon Damon, 1843-47; John X. Bache, 1848; A. J. Monroe, 
 1849. 
 
 In 1850 the office became elective, and the title was changed from deputy 
 attorney general to district attorney. It has since been held by the following 
 named persons: John W. Ryon. elected in 1850; re-elected in 1853; Butler B. 
 Strang, 1856; Henry .Mien, 18.''>0; Jerome B. Xilcs, 18(12: re-elected in ISfi:.; John 
 I. Mitchell, 1868; J. C. Strang, 1871; William A. Stone, 1874; resijrned at the close 
 of 1876, and Horace B. Packer was appointed to fill the unexpired term; Horace B. 
 Packer, ebeted in 1877; H. M. Foote, 1880; James H. Matson. 1883; J. W. Mather, 
 1886; Ilarvoy B. Leach, 1889; Edward H. Owlett, 1892, and A. B. Dunsmore, 
 elected in 1895, the present incumbent. 
 
140 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 Sheriffs. — The ofEee of sherifE is filled by election and the incumbent serves- 
 three years. From the organization of the county up to the adoption of the Con- 
 stitution of 1873, the election was held on the second Tuesday of October; since: 
 that time it has been held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.. 
 The following have served as sheriffs of Tioga county since it was organized for 
 judicial purposes: Alpheus Cheney, commissioned December 3, 1813. As he was the 
 first sheriff, and as a matter of history, it may be stated that under date of Novem- 
 ber 5, 1813, he gave bond in $5,000, with himself and the following named persons- 
 as sureties Caleb Austin, Nathan Niles, Jr., Oliver Willard and Daniel Kelsey.. 
 His successors were elected as follows: Dr. Simeon Power, 1815; John Knox, 1818;. 
 Elijah Stiles, 1831; John Beeeher, 1834; Eobert Tiibbs, 1837; Seth Daggett,. 
 1830; Francis "Wetherbee, elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Seth 
 Daggett, 1831; Benjamin Gitchell, 1834; John Waklee, 1837; Dr. Curtis Park- 
 hurst, 1840; Joseph W. Guernsey, 1843; H. H. Potter, 1846; John Mathers, 1849,- 
 H. A. Guernsey, 1853; John Mathers, 1855; Simeon I. Power, 1858; Hezekiah 
 Stowell, Jr., 1861; Leroy Tabor, 1864; Jerome B. Potter, 1867; Edward A. Fish,, 
 1870; Stephen Bowen, 1873; Delos H. "Walker, 1876; H. J. Landrus, 1879; Harry 
 Baxter, 1883; Joseph H. Ferris, 1885; Francis M. Sheffer, 1888; John Irvin, 1891,, 
 and William E. Champaign, the present incumbent, elected in November, 1894, 
 and took office in January, 1895. 
 
 Profhonotaries. — In Tioga county one person is elected, every three years, to 
 the office of prothonotaxy of the court of common pleas, clerk of the court of 
 quarter sessions and clerk of oyer and terminer and general jail delivery. Previous 
 to the adoption of the Constitution of 1838, when the office became elective, the 
 incumbent was appointed by the governor. It has been held by the following 
 named persons: John Norris, 1813-18; Uriah Spencer, 1818-31; John Patton,, 
 1831-34; Uriah Spencer, 1834-31; Jouah Brewster, 1831-36; John F. Donaldson, 
 1836-38; A. S. Brewster, 1839; John F. Donaldson, elected in 1839, and served 
 thirty-three consecutive years, being re-elected to each succeeding term; Gen. 
 Eobert C. Cox, elected in October and commissioned November 13, 1873, served 
 continuously until January 1, 1894, being elected to each succeeding term. He de- 
 clined a renomination, although strongly solicited by his friends to accept another 
 term. In January, 1894, he was succeeded by Francis M. Sheffer, who was re- 
 elected in November, 1896. 
 
 Register and Recorder. — This office has been filled by the following named per- 
 sons: John Norris, 1813-18; Uriah Spencer, 1818-31; John Norris, 1831-34; Uriah 
 Spencer, 1834-30; Jonah Brewster, 1831-33; Benjamin B. Smith, 1833-36; Luman 
 Wilson, 1836-39; George Knox, 1839-43; Luman Wilson, 1843-48; John N. Bache, 
 1848-51; James P. Magill, 1851-54; W. D. Bailey, 1854-60; H. S. Archer, 1860-66; 
 Darius L. Deane, 1866-75; George C. Bowen, 1876-87; Homer J. Eipley, 1888-96, 
 and C. L. Babcock, the present incumbent, who was elected November 3, 1896, and 
 took charge of the office in January, 1897. 
 
 County Treasurers.— UndeT the Constitution of 1790 it was the custom of the 
 county commissioners to appoint a treasurer, who usually served for the term of 
 one year. This practice continued until the adoption of the Constitution of 1838, 
 when the office became elective. The following persons have served as custo- 
 
Pl'BLIC BUILDINGS AND OFFICIALS. 141 
 
 dians of the funds: Samuel W. Monis, 1808; ^^■iIliam Williard, 1809; Alpheus 
 Cheney, 1810-11; Bethlehem Thompson, 1812-13; Benjamin W. Morris, 181i-15; 
 Eobert Tubbs, 1816; Daniel Lamb, 1817; Eobert Tubbs, 1818-19; John Beecher, 
 1820; Thomas Putnam, 1821-23; William Williard, Jr., 1824-26; Levi Vail, 1827; 
 Elihu Hill, 1828-30; Thomas Dyer, 1831-33; John Barnes, 1834-35; Archibald 
 Knox, 1836; Thomas Dyer, 1837-39; Robert G. White, 1840-42; John L. Robinson, 
 1843-45; A. 11. Bacon, 1846-47; George Levegood, 1848-49; S. L. Hibbard, 1850- 
 .51; George Knox, 1852-53; Henry Rathbone, 1854-55; Oliver H. Blanchard, 1856- 
 67; 0. F. Taylor, 1858-59; James S. Watrous, 1860-61; H. B. Card, 1862-63; 
 
 A. M. Spencer, 1864-65; C. V. Miller, 1866-67; H. C. Bailey, 18G8-G9. The last 
 election under the old Constitution occurred in October, 1869, when Gen. Robert 
 •C. Cox was chosen. Under the Constitution of 1873 the term of office was extended 
 to three years and the time for holding elections fixed for November. General C"ox 
 held the office until the close of 1872. Since the Xew ('onstitution went into 
 operation the succession has been as follows: Henry Rowland, 1873-74; Thomas 
 Allen, 1875-77; Thomas B. Bryden, ISTS. In March, ISTS, Mr. Bryden died from 
 the effects of an accident, and ( 'liarles F. Veil was appointed to fill the vacancy. He 
 was succeeded in 1881 by John R. Btnscn, since which tinio the liiif has been as 
 follows: Alonzo B. Horton, 1884-86; Orlando F. Taylor, 188:-8l»; Otis G. (i^Tould, 
 1890-92; Jonathan X. Morgan, 181):?-!)."), and Koss A. Mitchell, the present incum- 
 bent, who assumed the duties of the (lilicu January 1, 18'Jt;. 
 
 County Commissioners. — These officers, who have charge of the county business 
 and the care and superintendence of the public build! iirs, were elected annually for 
 the term of three years until tlic adoption of the Constitution of 1873, which pro- 
 vided for the triennial election of the iiitire board of thruo memlier.-. The Cunsti- 
 tution requires each elector to vote for no more tiian two pi rsons, ami the three per- 
 sons having the highest number of votes shall In- elcctiil. This enables the minority 
 party to always have a representative on the board. Previous to the adoption of the 
 Constitution of 1873 the dominant party generally had all the commi.<sioner8. The 
 commissioners of Tioga county have been elected as follows: Nathan Nilc.s. Sr., 
 Caleb Boyer and Ira Kilburn, 1808; (.'eorge Ilart and Uriah Spencer, 18(i!i; Eddy 
 Ilowland, 1810; Samuel W. Morris, 1811; Timothy Ives, 1812; Nathan Niles, Jr., 
 appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Samuel W. Moiris, 1813; Hopestill 
 Beecher and Ambrose Millard, 1813; Justus Dartt, 1814; Robert B. Elliott, 1815; 
 John Knox, 1810: Asa ]\lann, 1817; Elijah DePui, 1818; John Ryon, Jr., 1819; 
 Oliver Willard. 182(i; Seth Daggett, 1821; Hiram Beebe, 1822: William Knox, 
 1823; Klijah Welch, 1823; Elijah Stiles, 1824; James Goodrich, 182".; Hiram 
 Beebe, 1826; Lorentus Jackson, 1827; Aaron Alba, 1828; John Cochran, 1829; E. 
 
 B. Gerould, 1830; Job Geer, 1831; A. Hammond, 18;V2: Chaunccy Alford, 1833; 
 Geor^'c Knox, 1834; M. W. Stull, 183 1; Samuel Miller, ]83.i; (' N. Sykes. \^-M): 
 Philemon Doud, 1837; George Levegood, 1838; Buel Baldwin, 18.S9: Levi Elliott. 
 1840; M. W. Stull, 1841; C. 0. Spencer. 1842; H. H. Potter, 181.T; Eddy Howland, 
 1841; H. P. Van Ness, 1815; William Rose, Sr., 1846; John Fox. 1846: Tsm.l Mer- 
 rick, Jr., 1847; David Ellis. 1818; Lennder Culver. 1819; David Caldwell, 18'>0; 
 Ansel Purple, 1851; Benjamin Van Dusen. 1S.")2; Austin Tjithrop. 18:.3; O. B. 
 Wells, 18.^4; C. F. Culver, lR.".,'i; D. C Stevens, 18.-»6; John .iMmes, 18.".:; L. D. 
 
142 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Seely, 1858; Amos Bixby, 1859; Ambrose Barker, 1860; Job Eexford, 1861; C. P. 
 Miller, 1863; Myron Eoekwell, 1863; E. S. Seely, 1864; E. Hart, 1865; P. V. Van 
 Ness, 1866; Job Rexford, 1867; M. W. Wetherbee, 1868; P. V. Van Ness, re- 
 elected, 1869; Job Eexford, re-elected, 1870; T. 0. Hollis, 18Y1; E. Hart, 1873; 
 L. B. Shelve, 1873; Edwin Klock, 1874. Up to 1875 one commissioner had been 
 elected each year, the term being for three years. The New Constitution, however, 
 required all three to be elected at one time. The ofhce has since been filled as fol- 
 lows: L. L. Smith, Elisha J. Purple and N. A. Elliott, elected in 1875; 0. A. Smith, 
 James E. Peters and N. A. Elliott, 1878; James E. Peters, John J. Reese and Charles 
 M. Rumsey, 1881; John Karr, William Kimball and William H. Baxter, 1884; Seth 
 Tremain, H. D. Wheeler and G. D. Dennison, 1887; M. H. Stebbins, C. H. DeWitt 
 and T. H. Bailey, 1890; T. H. Bailey, John P. Pitts and W. H. Garrison, 1893, and 
 Henry B. Colegrove, Thomas M. Reese and Louis Doumaux, 1896, the present in- 
 cumbents. 
 
 Commissioners' Clerics. — Prom the organization of the county to the present time 
 the following named gentlemen have served as clerks to the commissioners, being 
 appointed annually by the board: October 20, 1808, John Norris was appointed and 
 served until January 3, 1814, when he was succeeded by David Lindsey. The latter 
 served until December 2, 1826, when he was succeeded by James Lowrey. On 
 August 5, 1838, Lowrey resigned, when Israel Merrick, Jr., took his place by appoint- 
 ment of the board and was continued in office until November 4, 1847, a period of 
 nineteen years. After Merrick came A. J. Sofield, who served until January 7, 1863, 
 when J. A. Knapp succeeded him. The latter only remained in office two years, 
 when A. L. Ensworth was appointed January 9, 1864. He was succeeded January 
 6, 1865, by Thomas Allen, who remained until January 5, 1874, when J. W. Don- 
 aldson was appointed. He resigned May 15, 1875, and Charles P. Veil was ap- 
 pointed his successor. Mr. Veil continued until April 5, 1878, when he was 
 appointed county treasurer to fill a vacancy caused by the death of T. B. Bryden. 
 Leonard Harrison was appointed clerk for the unexpired part of 1878, and continued 
 to discharge the duties of the office until 1884, when Eugene Beauge succeeded him 
 and remained until March 1, 1888, when he resigned and was succeeded by Prank 
 Watkins, who had been an assistant in the office for several years. Mr. Watkins 
 is still chief clerk. The work of the office has wonderfully increased since John 
 Norris opened the first record of the proceedings of the board in the autumn of 
 1808. His first year's entries covered less than a page of foolscap; now several 
 portly volumes are required to contain the records for a similar period. 
 
 County Auditors. — In pursuance of the act of March 16, 1809, three auditors 
 were elected to settle the accounts of the commissioners for the previous year. They 
 were Daniel Lamb, James Gray and Benjamin Bentley. Since that time the fol- 
 lowing citizens have been elected to the office: W. D. Bacon, Isaac Baker and Arnold 
 Hunter, 1810; Israel Bulkley, Timothy Ives and Ira Kilburn, 1811; Ira Kilbum 
 and Timothy Ives, 1813; Samuel W. Morris and Timothy Ives, 1813; Cyprian 
 Wright, Daniel Kelsey and Elijah DePui, 1814: from 1815 to 1820 records missing; 
 James Pord, Justus Dartt and James Gray, 1830-33; William Willard, Elijah De 
 Pui and Curtis Parkhurst, 1833-34; Daniel Kelsey, John Cochran and James Weeks, 
 1835-37; Amariah Hammond, James Gray and William Garretson, 1838-31; H. H. 
 
PCBLIC BUILDINGS AXD OFFICIALS. 143 
 
 Potter, N. II. Purple and Aaron Alba, 1832-35; ^\"illiam Garretson, 1838; Samuel 
 ii. Knox, 1841; George Knox, elected in 1846; Morgan Seely, 184T; Austin 
 Lathrop, 1848; H. S. Cook, 1849; B. C. Wickham, 1850; John" C. Robb, lb.31; 
 Charles liyon, 1852; Apollos Pitts, 1853; Alanson E. Xiles, 1854; James S. 
 Watrous, 1855; Charles F. Veil, 1856; William A. Douglass, 1857; James I. Jack- 
 son, 1858; Charles F. Veil, 1859; D. T. Gardner, 1860; Charles Goldsmith and M. 
 Bullard, 1801; Charles ¥. Veil, 1862; Justus Dearman and James I. Jackson, 18G3; 
 J. G. Argetsinger, 1864; Charles F. Veil and D. L. Aiken, 1865; Israel Stone, 1866; 
 David Cameron, 1867; H. B. Seeley, 1868; Israel Stone, S. D. Phillips and D. K. 
 Marsh, 1869; D. P. Hurley, 1870; A. F. Packard, 1871; Israel Stone, 1872; Charles 
 F. Veil, 1873; Albert M. Bennett, 1874; O. A. Smith, John Youmans and Andrew 
 K. Bosard, 1875; Vine Crandall, J. P. Wickham and L. A. Sears, 1878; Eugene 
 Beauge, L. K. King and E. A. Bryden, 1881; Charles N. Moore, E. C. Stihvell and 
 W. W. Tate, 1884; Lucius Truman, Charles X. .Moore and Otis H. Davis. 1887; 
 Eugene Beauge, R. 0. Close and Olis II. Davis, 18!)(); Jui^^'iie Beauge, I{. G. Close 
 and J. H. Ilubers, 1893; Eugene Beauge, Otis L. Coolidge and Joseph I-;mbcrf,'er, 
 1896. 
 
 Coroners. — Although this office is one of more importance than it f,'enerally 
 received credit for in earlier years, its value is now fully appreciated. In case of 
 accident, death, or any calamity which may befall the siieritT, the coroner takes 
 charge of the office and conducts the business thereof until the next regular election. 
 And, like the sheriff, he is chosen for a period of three years. Thus far no coroner 
 of Tioga county has succeeded to (he shrievalty. Owing to carelessness on the part 
 of those whose duty is was to keeji the earlier records, some difficulty has been ex- 
 perienced in compiling a complete list. And in many instances a justice of the 
 peace in districts remote from the residence of the coroner held inquests when 
 necessity required it, and the ineajjre reference to the matter on the records has 
 caused confusion, and it has been found difficult to determine who the real officer 
 was. Then, again, during a period of fully ten years, no nomination for this office 
 wna made, consequently a blank appears. The following is believed to be as com- 
 plete a list of the coroners as it is possil)le to compile: 
 
 The first coroner of the county was Lyman Adams, appointed by Governor 
 Snyder, May 6, 1814. His successors were: Nathaniel Seely, 1S17; John Heeeher, 
 1820; John Gray, 1825; Henry W. Stoddard, 1831; Peter Backer, 1834; Joel 
 Culver, 1837; Edwin Dyer, acting, 1841; Jefferson Shuman, 1841; Josiah X. 
 Wright, 1812; John S. Warner, 1847-52; John C. Bennett, 1852-53; Joel Koso, 
 185;) to 1864; D. S, Peters, 1864; E. J. Bosworth, 18t;7: H. H. Borden, 18i;ri: Dr. A. 
 J. Ilepgie, 1870; Giles licberts, 1874; Dr. A. J. Ileppie, 1s7S-8;i; W. E. Francis, 
 188 1-89; Augustus Xiles, 1890-95, and Charles W. Hazlett, the present incumbent, 
 elected in 1895. 
 
 Couiili/ t^urrei/ars. — At first the title of the occupant of tliis office was deputy 
 surveyor, and he was appointed by the surveyor general until 1850. when, by art of 
 the legislature, the otlice was made elective. The following have served both as 
 deputy and county surveyors: 
 
 Jolin Xorris, February i>, 1814; re-appointed, June 4. 1824; Samuel McDougall, 
 ]827-3(;; E. P. Dcane, ISr.ii; Samuel McDougall, 1830-50; David Heise, 1850-5r,; 
 
144 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. • 
 
 H. S. Archer, 1856-59; E. P. Deane, 1859-63; William Garretson, 1862-65; David 
 Heise, was elected in 1865 and appears to have served until 1873, when he was suc- 
 -ceeded by H. S. Archer, who held the office until his death in 1889. In November, 
 1893, John T. Purvis was elected. The office is at present practically vacant. 
 
 County Superintendents. — The act of May 8, 1854, authorized the election of 
 .a superintendent of common schools in each county of the Commonwealth. It was 
 .carefully framed by H. L. Dieffenbach, then chief clerk in the office of the state 
 superintendent, with the view of bettering the condition of the schools. In some 
 •counties it met with strong opposition, it being regarded as a useless appendage to 
 the educational machinery of the State, but time has vindicated the wisdom of its 
 framers, as the law has proved advantageous in promoting the efficiency of the 
 .schools. The county superintendent serves for a term of three years, and is elected 
 by the directors meeting in convention the first Monday in May at the county seat. 
 They also fix the salary at the same time. The incumbents of this office have been 
 •elcted as follows: 
 
 Eev. J. P. Calkins, 1854; Newell L. Reynolds, 1857; Hiram C. Johns, 1860; 
 Victor A. Elliott, 1863; Newell L. Eeynolds, appointed September 30, 1864, to fill 
 vacancy caused by resignation of Victor A. Elliott; S. B. Price, elected 1866, and 
 resigned September 2, 1866, Eev. J. P. Calkins, appointed 1867; Elias J. Horton, Jr., 
 'elected 1869; re-elected 1872; Miss Sarah I. Lewis, 1875; re-elected 1878; M. P. Cass, 
 1881; re-elected 1884 and 1887; Henry E. Eaesly, 1890; re-elected in 1893 and 1896. 
 
 Mercantile Appraisers. — This office was created by act of 1850. Prior to that 
 time the duties of the office were performed by a board composed of the county 
 ■ commissioners and associate judges. The officer is required to visit all merchants 
 in the county and appraise their business for the purpose of imposing a state tax. 
 .Since 1850 the office has been filled by appointment of the commissioners, and it is 
 generally among their last acts at the close of the year. The records show the fol- 
 lowing appointments: Josiah Emerj', 1851; Thomas Allen, 1852-53; Henry W. 
 Williams, 1854-55; Josiah Emery, 1856; Thomas J. Wood, 1857-58; William But- 
 ler, 1859; David P. Gardner, 1860-61; Jerome B. Niles, 1863; Alpheus E. Dann, 
 1863; E. J. Purple, 1864-67; B. W. Skinner, 1868; Selah Frost, 1869; Job 
 •Symonds, 1870; George H. Baxter, 1871; Otis L. Atherton, 1873; M. W. Wetherbee, 
 1873; B. Short, 1874; J. E. Shelve, 1875; Sidney Beach, 1876; John Brown 
 Wakeley, 1877; H. J. Elliott, 1878; J. S. Morgan, 1879; Silas S. Eockwell, 1880; 
 -Andrew J. Doane, 1881; J. Porter Wilcox, 1882; Sumner P. White, 1883; Timothy 
 B. Culver, 1884-85; C. E. Thomas, 1886; Jonathan V. Morgan, 1887-88; W. D. 
 Knox, 1889; Deruyter Avery, 1890; A. M. Pitts, 1891; N. Losey, 1892; John C. 
 'White, 1893; Sheridan E. Coles, 1894: Frank Marvin, 1895, and Chas. Washburn, 1896. 
 
 Jury Commissioners.— TYas, office was created by an act of assembly, approved 
 April 10, 1867. It authorizes the election of two commissioners every three years, 
 one of whom shall belong to the minority party. The incumbents of this office have 
 been elected as follows: Leroy Tabor and John W. Bailey, 1867; S. S. Love and 
 John W. Bailey, 1870; Edward A. Fish and Hiram S. Hastings, 1873; G. H. Baxter 
 and Daniel Watson, 1876; E. C. Stilwell and H. J. Elliott, 1879; Samuel D. Evans 
 and Otis H. Davis, 1883; Jonathan V. Morgan and D. S. Horton, 1885; Charles C. 
 Mathers and James C. Goodspeed, 1888; Thomas M. Eeese and Frank M. Davis, 
 1891, and Andrew Brimegin and Floyd F. Hogaboom, 1894. 
 
^^yt l^ 
 
 / 
 
 Lc^OLCr/'^ 
 
 o 
 
CHAPTER Xn. 
 
 THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 Personal Sketches of President Judges— Many Able and Distinguished 
 Jurists Among Them— The Bar of Tioga County— a Brilliant Array op 
 Legal Talent— The Tioga County Bar association— John F. Donaldson, 
 Prothonotary and Politician— a Skktch of His Career. 
 
 THE men who have filled the important and honorable office of president juil>;e, 
 since the organization of the first courts of Tioga county to the present time, 
 have been men of marked ability as jurists and lawyers, and havu, as a rule, been 
 personally popular in the prwit body of the citizciisliii) of the county. 
 
 Hon. John Bannister (Jibson, who presided at the opening of the first 
 court in January, 1813, was a native of ('umlnTliiinl (now I'l rry) county, Penn- 
 sylvania, whore he was born November H, 1780. He was a son of Col. (ieorge 
 Gibson, who fell at St. ("lair's defeat in IT'Jl. After receiving his preparatory 
 education he entered Dickinson Coliei^c and gradimled therefrom in due season. He 
 studied law under the direction of Hon. Thomas Duncan and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1803. After practicing for a short time in (Carlisle he ri moved to Beaver, 
 where his father had at one time been engaged in military operations. Thence he 
 went to Hagerstown, Maryland, and shortly afterward returned to Curlisle. In 
 1810 he was elected to the lower house of the lefjislature, and was re-elected the 
 following year. In JiUy, 181'.', he was appointed president jud'je of tiie lileventh 
 judicial district, and three years after was commissioned an associate justice of the 
 Supremo Court. At the death of Chief Justice Tilphman, in is-jr, he was ap- 
 pointed by the governor to succeed him. In 1838, nt the date of the adoi)tion of the 
 Constitution, he resigned, but the governor immediately re-appointcd him. I'.y 
 a change in the Constitution making the judiciary elective, his seat became vacant 
 in 1851. During the same year he was elected an associate justice of the Supreme 
 Cmirt and remained on the bencli to the close of his life. 
 
 Wlien Judge Ctibson presided over the first court of Tio^'a county he was a 
 young man of scarcely thirty-three, but he had already seen much of public life and 
 understood well the manners nnd customs of the frontier settlers. .Vs a jurist he 
 was recognized as one of the ablest of his time and his legal opinions are among 
 the richest treasures of the country. He died in Philadelphia May 3, 18.">3, and was 
 buried at Carlisle. 
 
 Hon'. Thomas BruNsini:, of Bellefontc, succeeded Jiulire (libson. He. how- 
 ever, soon afterward resigned , appearing only during one term of court in Wellsboro. 
 
 Hon. Edward HEunicK, the successor of Judge lUnnside, was appointed by 
 10 
 
146 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Governor Pindley July 6, 1818. The judicial district was then known as the 
 Thirteenth, and was composed of the counties of Bradford, Susquehanna and 
 Tioga, to which were subsequently added Potter and McKean. Judge Herriek, 
 who was of English descent, was born in Dutchess county, New York, October 36, 
 1787. After finishing his law studies with his brother at Zanesville, Ohio, he was 
 . admitted to the bar at Chillieothe, August 8, 1808, a few months before reaching 
 his majority. He at once entered on the practice of his profession in Ohio, and 
 was soon appointed district attorney for Licking, Knox and Tuscarawas counties. 
 In 1813 he was elected to the legislature from Licking county. He located at 
 Athens, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, because he had relatives living 
 there, and engaged in his profession. He rose rapidly, became a representative 
 man, and filled several positions of honor, among which was that of brigade in- 
 spector of the counties of Lycoming, Potter, McKean, Bradford and Tioga, by ap- 
 pointment of Governor Snyder in July, 1814. After a service of twenty-one years 
 on the bench he retired February 37, 1839, the New Constitution having limited 
 the judicial tenure. He was honored by having a township in Bradford, and one 
 in Susquehanna county named for him. Judge Herriek died at Athens March 7, 
 1873, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. 
 
 John Nesbit Conyngham, of Wilkes-Barre, who came upon the bench in 1839, 
 succeeded Judge Herriek. He was born in Philadelphia, December 17, 1798, grad- 
 uated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1816, studied law in the office of Hon. 
 J. K. IngersoU, and upon being admitted to the bar settled in Wilkes-Barre in 1830. 
 Judge Conyngham retired from the bench of Tioga county in February, 1849, but 
 he served twenty years longer in the adjoining district. The circumstances of his 
 death were peculiarly sad. In April, 1871, while on his way to visit a son in 
 Mississippi, he fell under the wheels of a car, while stepping from a moving train, 
 and had both his legs crushed below the knees, dying in two hours. 
 
 Hon. Hoeace Williston, of Athens, Bradford county, was appointed to succeed 
 Judge Conyngham, and he held the judgeship until the first Monday of December, 
 1851, when he went out by virtue of an amendment to the Constitution, adopted at 
 the general election in 1850, making the judges elective. 
 
 Hon. Eobeet Geay "White was elected president judge in 1851, and re-elected 
 in 1861, and was the first citizen of Tioga county to fill the oifice. That was the 
 year in which the union took place of the Wilmot Proviso party, under the lead of 
 David "Wilmot, and those straight Democrats under the immediate lead of John F. 
 Donaldson and Mr. "White, both of "Wellsboro — or rather the going over of those 
 two gentlemen to the "Wilmot Proviso party. 
 
 Previous to April 15, 1851, Tioga and Bradford counties were in the same 
 judicial district, and "Wilmot and "White each M^anted to be elected judge at the 
 fall election. Here was a difficulty. "White was afraid to run against Wilmot, and 
 Wilmot was .afraid to run against White. Something must be done to harmonize 
 matters. Here was a chance for the political genius of Donaldson, and he was 
 equal to the emergency. He proposed to "raft over three or four districts; leave 
 Tioga in the Eighteenth, and make a new one with Bradford the principal county 
 in it." The suggestion cut the Gordian knot and all parties were again happy. A 
 bill was drawn by an expert, reported by the judiciary committee of the legislature, 
 
THE BENCH AXD BAB. 147 
 
 and paased with little opposition. By it Tioga, Potter, McKean and Elk formed 
 the Eighteenth district; Bradford, Susquehanna and Sullivan the Twenty-seventh. 
 Thus both White and Wilmot became judges. WTiat could have been more neatly 
 done? And the beauty of the operation was in the fact that neither the people nor 
 the legislature knew anything about the object of the movement to create a new 
 judicial district. 
 
 Robert Gray White, fourth child of James and Charlotte (Weitzel) White, waa 
 bom January 21, 1807, near Georgetown, Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. 
 His father was thrown from his wagon and killed sometime in 1812, leaving two sons 
 and three daughters. His widow married Col. Hugh White, who had been an oflBcer 
 in the Revolutionary army. He was not known to be related to his predecessor, 
 James White. Col. Hugh White was the son of Hugh White, of Dauphin county; 
 was born in 1737, and settled in Pine Creek township, Lycoming (now Clinton) 
 county, before the Revolution, and while the land yet belonged to the Indians. 
 He was an active patriot during the struggle for independence and filled a number 
 of offices, both during and after the war. His first wife was Margaret Allison, by 
 whom he had six sons and one daughter. By the second marriage he had three sons 
 and one daughter, viz: Isabella, (ioorpe, John, and Henry. The sons lived and died 
 in Williamsport, and Isabella (born I'ebruary 13, ISlo,) still survives, and is the wife 
 of Col. James S. Allen, of Jersey Shore. Col. llw^h White was killed in 1822, on his 
 Pine Creek farm, by being thrown from his horse. 
 
 Robert Gray White waa educated under Hev. John H. Grier, in his classical 
 school at Pine Creek, and at Jefferson College, Washington county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he graduated A. B., in 182(1. Choosing the law as his ])r<jfe.'ision, he entered 
 upon his studies with Hon. A. V. Parsons, Esq., of Jersey Sliore. He afterwards re- 
 moved to Meadville, and continued his studies, completing them in l.s-.."J in the office 
 of Hon. Henry Shippen, of Meadville, then president judge of the district which in- 
 cluded Crawford, Warren and Erie counties. Having been admitted to the bar, he lo- 
 cated in M'cllsboro in the fall of isi'ii, and at once entered upon the practice of his 
 profession. He was soon recognized as a man of marked ability, and took a position 
 at the bar of Tioga county which he sustained throughout his lutive career. He 
 served as deputy attorney general in 1830-31, and became intimately associated with 
 every public interest in the county. He was elected the delegate from Tioga and 
 Potter counties to the Constitutional Convention of 1838, where he fully realized 
 the highest expectations of his constituency. 
 
 It is due Judge White to say that, as a member of the Constitutional Convention, 
 he opposed the clause in the Constitution which confined the right of suffrage to 
 white citizens. Negroes in Pennsylvania always had this right till they were ex- 
 cluded by the Constitutimi of 1838. 
 
 .Indp' White w!i.>< married November 13, IS.?!', to Sarah, daii.irhter of William 
 and Anna (Page) Baclie, one of the oldest and most re.~pected families of Wellsboro. 
 Si.\ children, three sons and three daughters, lilessed tlie union. 
 
 He was treasurer of Tioga county in ISIO- 12. and was for a time extensively en- 
 gageil in lumbering on Pine cieek. in Delmar and Shippen townships, owning mills 
 and valuable tratts of land. During his long senice on the bench he won the respect 
 and esleeni of the people, the members of the bar of the distri( t, and all with whom 
 
148 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 he came in contact. Several years before the close of his second term in 1871, the 
 work of the district had so increased — and as he was in feeble health — an additional 
 law judge was elected in May, 1865, in accordance with aji act of the legislature, that 
 honor falling on Hon. Henry W. Williams, of Wellsboro. The associate greatly re- 
 lieved him and he served out his term. He retired and spent the closing years of 
 his life at his comfortable home surrounded by his family. He died September 6, 
 1875. 
 
 Court was in session in Wellsboro when he died, and his death was formally an- 
 nounced from the bench by Judge Williams, when, on motion, court adjourned. A 
 meeting of the bar was then held to take action in relation to his death. Judge 
 Williams was called to the chair and Hon. Mortimer P. Elliott was appointed sec- 
 retary. On motion of F. E. Smith a committee was appointed to draft resolutions 
 expressive of the great loss the bar and the country had sustained in the death of 
 Judge White. In presenting the resolutions the chairman, Mr. Smith, made some 
 appropriate and feeling remarks upon the character of the deceased. Among the 
 resolutions was the following: 
 
 Resolved, That in Judge White we recognize what has been appropriately said to be 
 "the noblest work of God" — an honest man. Honorable and high toned in all his 
 thoughts and actions, as such he adorned the profession of his choice; upright and 
 impartial as a judge, the judicial ermine was never soiled by his wearing it. Courteous, 
 kind and liberal as a citizen and a parent, the world was made the better by his living 
 in it. 
 
 Hon. Henhy W. Williams, who was appointed additional law judge of the 
 district in March, 1865, by Governor Curtin, succeeded Judge White as president 
 judge, to which oifice he was elected in the autumn of 1871. At the close of his ten 
 years' term he was re-elected as his own successor, but before completing his second 
 term he was appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 
 August 19, 1887, vice Justice Mercur, deceased. The same year he was nominated 
 and elected for a full term of twenty-one years, and commissioned December 22, 1887. 
 His term will expire January 1, 1909. 
 
 Judge Williams was bom July 30, 1830, in Harford, Susquehanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, and was fitted for admission to Amherst College at Franklin Academy. 
 At the age of twenty-two he commenced the study of law with Hon. E. B. Chase, of 
 Montrose. In May, 1853, he located in Wellsboro, and resuming his law studies 
 under Hon. John W. Guernsey, was admitted to the bar of Tioga county in January, 
 1854. The following year he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of 
 the State, and in 1856 to the United States district and circuit courts. Immediately 
 upon his admission he took high rank and won distinction as an advocate, being a 
 fluent, eloquent and logical speaker. In 1874 he was appointed one of the board 
 of seven commissioners to revise the New Constitution, and he performed the part 
 of the work assigned him with great care and ability. ' 
 
 Judge Williams is a member of the Presbyterian church and has always taken 
 a deep interest in its affairs. In 1877 he was appointed one of the delegates to rep- 
 resent the church of the United States in the Pan-Presbyterian council at Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland, and he delivered an address before that able body which may be 
 found in its printed proceedings. In 1881 he represented Pennsylvania in the 
 
THE BENCH AlTD BAB. 149 
 
 International Sunday-school convention at Toronto, Canada, and was honored by 
 being chosen one of the vice-presidents. For several years he lias been one of the 
 state executive committee of the Simday School Association and of the Yoxmg Men's 
 Christian Association. He also takes much interest in Masonry, and on June 24, 
 1882, he delivered an address before the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons at 
 Philadelphia, the occasion being the one hundred and fiftieth anniversarj- of its 
 establishment. This address attracted much attention from the fraternity on 
 accoimt of its ability and the valuable information it imparted. Judge Williamfl 
 is now Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. 
 
 It is thus seen that while discharging the onerous duties which have devolved 
 on him as president judge and associate justice of the Supreme Court of the State, 
 he has found time to leave his impress on the church, Sunday school, Cliristian As- 
 sociation and Free Masonry. His position on the bench of the Supreme Court 
 necessarily compels him to spend much of his time in Philadelphia, ytt he maintains 
 his home in Wellsboro, where he spends thu summer months with his family. Judge 
 Williams married Miss Sarah E. Nichols, a daughter of Judge Levi 1. Nichols, and a 
 member of one of the oldest and luost prominent familic- of Wellsboro. The union 
 has been blessed with two children, a son and a daughter, the former of whom is a 
 practicing physician in Wellsboro. Throughout his hnv^ and active public career 
 Judge Williams has retained the unbounded confidence of the jiuoplo of Tioga county, 
 among whom he haa lived for more than forty years. 
 
 Hon. Stephen Fowler Wilson, the next president jm !;_'(■ of the district, is 
 one of the best known men in Tioga county. He is a native of Columbia township, 
 Bradford county, where he was born Septeml)cr 4, 1S'..'1. His parents, George and 
 Jane Wilson, were natives of Ireland, and he was the youugtst of seven children. 
 He labored on a farm until he was eighteen years of age, attending such schools as 
 the nei^rhborhood afforded in the winter time and subsequently the fani..us Wells- 
 boro Academy, and in January, 1844, he was employeil in that instituti.)n as an 
 assistant for one term, "at the price and sum of $52, if employed the whole time in 
 teaching, but if not employed but one-half of the time, then the price to be $10 per 
 month!" 
 
 As early as 1842 he had commenced reading law under the direction of Hon. 
 James Lowrey, one of the early teachers of the academy, and was admitted to the 
 bar of Tioga county February 20, 184r.. The committee on examination consisted 
 of Hon. Robert G. White (afterward president judge), Hon. John C. Knox (subse- 
 quently attorney general of Pennsylvania and a judge of the Supreme Court), and 
 Hon. John W. Guernsey, later state senator and a distinguished member of the 
 bar. Judge Conyngham was tlien on the bench, ilr. Wilson at once entered upon 
 the practice of his profession and soon afterwards formed a partnership with L. P. 
 Williston. Several years afterwards he formed a co-partnership with Hon. James 
 Lowrey, his preceptor, which existed until the latter removed to New Jersey in l^iG.j. 
 Afterwards Mr. Wilson formed a partnership with Hon. Jerome B. Niles, which 
 continued until he was appointed additional law judge in ISTl. 
 
 In tlie meantime Mr. Wilson had become active in politics. Prior to 1851 he 
 acted with the Pemoc mtic pnrty. but since that time he ha.s been a pronounceil 
 Republican. In 1862 he was elected to the State Siimte, represent iiii.' the counties 
 
150 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of Tioga, Potter, McKean and Warren, and served in that body a full term. In 1864, 
 while still a member of the Senate, he was elected to Congress from the district 
 composed of Tioga, Lycoming, Centre, Clinton and Potter counties, and was re- 
 elected in 1866;, thus serving four years. In 1864 he was a delegate to the Eepub- 
 lican National Convention at Baltimore which re-nominated President Lincoln. 
 In 1871 he was appointed additional law judge to fill the vacancy caused by the 
 election of Judge Williams to the office of president judge, and at the following 
 election he was chosen as his own successor for a full term of ten years. In 1884 
 he was appointed by President Arthur an associate justice of the Supreme Court of 
 New Mexico and served until July, 1885. Eeturning to Wellsboro he resumed 
 practice, but in 1887 he was appointed president judge to succeed Judge Williams, 
 who had been elected an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and 
 sat upon the bench up to 1889. 
 
 For many years Judge Wilson has taken considerable interest in agriculture 
 and was president of the Tioga County Agricultural Society in 1875. He has many 
 personal friends throughout this section of the State and is noted for his kindly 
 generosity and social qualities. Although he has remained a bachelor, he cannot 
 be accused of being "crusty," but on the other hand is of an exceedingly jovial and 
 cheerful disposition, and can relate and enjoy a good anecdote. Since retiring from 
 the bench he has devoted his attention to the practice of the law, and is recognized 
 as one of the leading lawyers of northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the hurry and bustle incident to a political and public career, Judge Wilson 
 has not been unmindful of his last earthly home. Within recent years he has erected 
 a unique and substantial burial vault in the beautiful cemetery adjacent to the town. 
 It is in the form of a log cabin, and is constructed of a peculiar gray stone obtained 
 from Ohio. Looking through the door into the vault one sees the top of a sarcoph- 
 agus, at the head of which stands a marble bust of the judge. The inscription on the 
 marble slab covering the receptacle gives the name and date of birth with a blank 
 for the insertion of the date of death. Underneath all is the strange sentence: 
 "P. S. — Waiting for further orders!" 
 
 Hon. John Inscho Mitchell succeeded Judge Wilson as president judge of 
 the Fourth judicial district, to which position he was elected in the fall of 1888, 
 taking his seat in January, 1889. Judge Mitchell was bom in Tioga township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, July 28, 1838. His grandfather, Eichard Mitchell, 
 married Euby Keeney, of Hartford, Connecticut, whence they came to what is now 
 Tioga county in 1793 and settled near the mouth of Mitchell's creek, in Tioga town- 
 ship. On the maternal side Judge Mitchell is related to the Aliens of Vermont, of 
 whom the most celebrated was Col. Ethan Allen, of Ticonderoga fame. Pour of 
 the near relatives of his grandmother were Eevolutionary soldiers, and one was an 
 orderly of General Washington. His father, Thomas K. Mitchell, was born on the 
 family homestead in Tioga county, and when he grew up he became a farmer, lum- 
 berman and a merchant. 
 
 The subject of this sketch worked on his father's farm, studied in the common 
 schools, and afterwards took a course in Bucknell University, Lewisburg, but did 
 not graduate. He then taught school for a short time. During the War of the 
 Eebellion he served as second lieutenant and captain of Company A, One Hundred 
 
THE BEXCH AXD BAB. 
 
 151 
 
 and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. After his return home he studied law 
 with Frederick E. Smith, of Tioga, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. In 1866 
 he located in Wellsboro and began the practice of his profession. In 1868 he was 
 unanimously nominated for district attorney, was elected, and served three years, 
 iortune smiled propitiously upon him. Before the expiration of his term he was 
 elected to the legislature, and served five consecutive years. During this period he 
 never met with any opposition at the primaries, which shows the high esteem in 
 which he was held by his fellow citizens. In 1870 he became half owner of the 
 Agitator, and assisted in editing it for one year. 
 
 On returning from the legislature he had determined to settle down at Wells- 
 boro and resume his profession, but in 1876 a deadlock having occurred in securing 
 a nominee for Congress at Williamsport, his name was proposed as a candidate on 
 whom the factions could unite. The proposition met with favor and he was 
 promptly nominated and elected to the Forty-fifth Congress. His district, known 
 as the Sixteenth, was composed of the counties of Cameron, Lycoming, McEean, 
 Potter, Sullivan and-Tioga. He was re-nominated and elected to the Forty-sixth 
 Congress, serving altogether four years with credit to himself and constituents. 
 
 Again he made preparations, as the expiration of his term drew near, in 1880, 
 to retire to his home in Wellsboro. For nearly ten years he had been actively 
 engaged in public life at Harrisburg and Washington, and he sighed for relief from 
 the cares of office. But higher honors were in store for him. A deadlock had 
 occurred in the selection of a United States Senator at Harrisburg, and after many 
 fruitless attempts to select a caucus nominee, the name of Mr. Mitchell was proposed 
 and accepted and harmony was at once restored. He was elected and served six 
 years, from March 4, 1881, retiring in 1887. He had but a short period of rest until 
 he was called to the bench. Few men have had a longer and more uninterrupted 
 political career, or have held more high offices of trust and honor without great 
 efforts to secure them. In nearly every instance the office sought the man, which 
 is regarded as one of the highest marks of respect that can be shown an American 
 citizen. 
 
 Judge Mitchell was married October 3, 1860, to Jeanette Baldwin, a daughter 
 of Buel Baldwin, of Tioga township, to which union were bom three children: 
 Herbert B., George D., and Clara, wife of Fred W. Fleitz, an attorney of Scranton. 
 Mrs. Mitchell died November 4, 1869. On February 18, 1871, Judge Mitchell was 
 again married, to Mary Alice Archer, daughter of Henry S. Archer, of Wellsboro. 
 Five children have been bom of this marriage, viz: Robert A., Louisa, Richard S., 
 Edward R., and Thomas H. In religion, the family adhere to the Presbjrterian 
 faith. Judge Mitchell is a high-minded, pure and efficient judge, and is greatly 
 respected by the people of his native county. No man has ever occupied the bench 
 who has striven more earnestly to mete out impartial justice to all. 
 
 THE BAR OF TIOOA COUXTT. 
 
 At the time of the opening of the first court in Wellsboro there were no resident 
 lawyers in the village. The only lawyers present, of whom we have any account, 
 were Ethan Baldwin, Henry Wilson, Francis C. Campbell and Robert McClure. The 
 last two were from Willianuport. 
 
152 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 William Patton, the first resident lawyer, came soon after the opening of the 
 first courts, and lived in a little log cabin which stood on the site of the present resi- 
 dence of Judge Williams. He was a son of Col. John Patton, of Eevolutionary fame, 
 and was born in Philadelphia, August 8, 1781, and there grew to manhood, studied 
 law and married Henrietta Anthony. Sherman Day, in his "Historical Collections," 
 has this to say concerning him: 
 
 Mr. Waslibum, Mr. Elijali Putnam and Mr. Mallory settled at Covington " Comers " 
 previous to 1806. Mr. Bloss and Mr. Hovey had settled about the year 1801 two miles 
 below. Mr. Sackett also Uved near the same place. The landed titles were for a long 
 time in dispute between Connecticut and Pennsylvania claimants. When at last they 
 were settled in favor of Pennsylvania, or "Pennamites" as the "Connecticut Boys" 
 called them, Mr. William Patton came in as their agent and laid out the town, about the 
 year 1823, and started a store and tavern. 
 
 Mr. Patton's name appears first on the assessment list of Covington township for 
 1818. ta 1833 he was assessed "37 town lots" in addition to other real and personal 
 property. He came to Wellsboro more particularly in the interest of heavy land 
 owners, representing among others Bartholomew & Patton, the latter, whose name 
 was John Patton, presumably being his father. This firm owned large tracts of land 
 in Tioga, Richmond and Covington townships. In 1818 Mr. Patton's name appears 
 as one of the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy, and in 1830 he was chosen vice- 
 president of the board. He acted as deputy attorney general in 1819. His yoxmger 
 brother, John, was appointed prothonotary of Tioga county in 1831 and served three 
 years. William served as his deputy, but died in 1833, before his brother's term ex- 
 pired. In a note to the writer. Gen. John Patton, of Curwensville, a son of John Pat- 
 ton, says: "He died at Wellsboro in 1833; this information comes to me from my 
 mother, she having carried me on horseback, when but six weeks old, to the funeral. 
 The widow of William Patton married Capt. Samuel Clements, and died at Hunting- 
 don, Pennsylvania, in 1865. * * * j ^a,s born at Covington, January 6, 
 1833. William Patton acted as deputy prothonotary for my father." Josiah Emery, 
 in his sketches of early settlers simply refers to William Patton as the man who 
 "raised the first tomatoes in the county, and the only person who knew that mush- 
 rooms were fit to be eaten." 
 
 Claeendon Eathbonb was born at Sutton, Massachusetts, March 33, 1796. 
 After the usual course of reading he was admitted to practice in the courts of Madi- 
 son county. New York, May 9, 1820, and soon afterward settled in Lawrenceville. 
 In December, 1831, he was admitted to the bar of Tioga county. In 1836 he was ap- 
 pointed deputy attorney general and was re-appointed in 1837 and in 1838. Although 
 the duties of this ofiice required his presence in Wellsboro during the sessions 
 of the courts, he retained his home and residence in Lawrenceville. He filled the 
 ofiace again in 1834. Besides attending to his law business, which was extensive for 
 that time, he early became interested in public improvements, looking toward the 
 development of the timber and mineral resources of Tioga county, and assisted 
 largely in bringing about the passage of the act for the construction of the Chemung 
 canal and the incorporation of the Tioga Navigation Company, which resulted in 
 the building of the railroad from Corning to Blossburg in 1840. In that year he re- 
 moved to Blossburg on account of his extensive business operations, where he con- 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. J53 
 
 tinued to reside until his death, August 26, 1882, at the age of almost eighty-seven 
 years. He was a man of high social and business standing, possessed excellent legal 
 ability, and was noted for his courteous manners and gentlemanly deportment. As 
 age crept upon him he was obliged to relinquish to a great extent his legal business, 
 but he retained his standing in the courts of the county almost to the end of his long, 
 active and honorable life. 
 
 Hon. Ellis Lewis, who located in Wellsboro in 1824, was a native of York 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he was bom in 1798. About 1814 he was apprenticed 
 to Theophilus Fenn, of Harrisburg, to learn the printing trade. About 1819 or 1820 
 he became dissatisfied and ran away, and his master, to comply with the law, offered a 
 reward of six cents for his apprehension. It is needless to say that he was never 
 called on to pay the reward. After leaving Harrisburg young Lewis fotmd his way 
 to Williamsport and soon associated himself with J. K. Torbert in the publicatimi of 
 the Lycoming Gazette. He afterwards read law with Espy Van Horn and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar September 2, 1822. In 1824 he came to Wellsboro and became a 
 resident attorney of the village, taking up his abode in a primitive log house which 
 stood on or near the site of the present residence of Hon. Horace B. Packer. The 
 building was two stories and he had his office on the upper floor, which hf reached by 
 means of a ladder and then drew it up after him so that it would not be in the way 
 in the room below. When a client or any one wishing to see him came, his wife 
 called to him, and he let down the ladder, and the visitor ascended. He served as 
 deputy attorney general in 1824-25. 
 
 In the latter part of 1825, in connection with his nephew, Rankin Lewi?, he be- 
 gan the publication of the Tioga Pianeer, the first newspaper in the cimnty. In ls28 
 he removed to Towanda. In 1832 he was elected to the legislature. On January 
 29, 1833, he was commissioned attorney general of Pennsylvania, and in October of 
 that year Governor Wolf appointed him jiresident judge of the judicial district com- 
 posed of the counties of T^ycoming, Northumberland, Union and Tolumbia, and he 
 again took up his residence in AVilliamsport. This place seenu'd like home to him, 
 for here he had married his wife, Josephine, daughter of Joseph J. Wallis. After 
 serving ten years he was appointed president judge of the Lancaster di.>trict in Jan- 
 uary, 1843, and in 1851 he was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court. On 
 December 4, IH.^il, he was commissioned chief justice, which high position he held 
 until November 17, 1857. He declined a renomination, retired to private life and 
 died in Philadelphia Jfarch 19, 1871. 
 
 Many pleasant traditions of Judge Lewis during his residence in Wellsboro are 
 handed down. By some he was regarded as the father of the bar. In the practice of 
 those early days there were many pleasantries indulged in. The resident lawyers were 
 not the only practitioners at the Tioga cotinty bar. Horace Williston, of Athens, was 
 generally at every court; po were Simon Kinney and Edward Overton and David 
 Cash, of Towanda. Oicn.^ionally there was an attorney from Elmira and Williams- 
 port; while A. V Parsons, of Jersey Shore, was never absent till he became an otlii .^ 
 holder. These outside lawyers took the cream of the practice. 
 
 WiLLi.vM (Jarretson-, one of the pioneer members of the bar, was bom in 
 Mount Pleasant, Ohio, October l.T, 1801, when that place was just emerging from the 
 wilderness. Removing to Alexandria, Virginia, he taught school there in 1820. In 
 
154 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1821 he came to Lewisburg, York county, Pennsylvania, and read medicine with 
 Dr. Webster Lewis, a brother of Ellis Lewis, one of the first resident lawyers of Wells- 
 boro. He came to Wellsboro in the summer of 1835, and was admitted to the bar 
 September 13, of that year. In January, 1837, he removed to Tioga, where he opened 
 an office and for some time, in connection with his practice, edited the Tioga Pioneer, 
 after its removal to that village. He filled the office of deputy attorney general in 
 1839. In 1836 he was elected to the legislature and was re-elected in 1837. He 
 stood shoulder to shoulder with Thaddeus Stevens in his great fight for the passage 
 of the common school law, and rendered him valuable service in that cause. Mr. 
 Garretson was one of the parties interested in the celebrated "Slave Hunt," and 
 aided the fugitives in their flight for liberty. He became a prominent conductor 
 on the "Underground Eailroad," and assisted many a fugitive on his way to freedom. 
 He was a warm personal friend of James Buchanan, and when the latter was 
 appointed minister to Great Britain by President Pierce, he offered Mr. Garretson 
 the position of secretary, which he declined. As they were of opposite political 
 views, the tender of such an office was a very high compliment. In 1869 Mr. Garret- 
 son received an appointment in the department of internal revenue, "Washington, D. 
 
 C, where he remained until his death, December 33, 1872. The bar of Tioga county 
 held a meeting, and passed suitable resolutions to his high character and worth 
 which were inscribed in the court minutes. Mr. Garretson was a man of sterling 
 integrity, decided opinions and positive convictions, and enjoyed the confidence of 
 his contemporaries at the bar. 
 
 Hon. James Loweey was bom in Parmington, Connecticut, in 1802, and 
 graduated from Yale College in the class of 1824, soon after which he came to Wells- 
 boro, and taught in the academy from November, 1834, to April, 1825, when he 
 began the study of law under Ellis Lewis. He was admitted to practice in 1836, and 
 became the partner of his preceptor. For nearly forty years Mr. Lowrey practiced 
 law in Tioga county, removing in 1865 to Burlington, New Jersey. He was a 
 gentleman of scholastic attainments, a lover and a student of the best literature and 
 did much to stimulate the intellectual life of Wellsboro. Although not distin- 
 guished as an advocate, he was wise in counsel and enjoyed a large and lucrative 
 practice. In 1835 he married Mary W. Morris, a daughter of Judge Samuel W. 
 Morris, and a lady of culture and refinement. His home and his office were for 
 years centers of attraction for the student and the lover of learning. It has been 
 truthfully said of him that "his professional career was without a stain, and his 
 private life equally spotless in its purity, and he was distinguished alike for his 
 modesty and his learning, for his gentleness of heart and his clearness of head." He 
 represented Tioga county in the legislature two years. Close application to 
 business having undermined his health, he abandoned his profession, removed to 
 New Jersey, and engaged in agriculture, hoping to recover his physical strength 
 while devoting his time to light outdoor pursuits. But the change did not benefit 
 his condition, and he died suddenly November 30, 1875, in the seventy-third year of 
 his age. 
 
 After his death Mrs. Lowrey took up her residence for a time in Washington, 
 
 D. C, and then removed to Pasadena, California, where she died August 
 23, 1896, aged eighty-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Lowre/s surviving children 
 
THB BENCH AND BAB. 155 
 
 are Anna Morris; llary, wife of Hon. Henry Booth, of Chicago; Ellen M., wife of 
 Frederick K. Wright, of Wellsboro, and Louisa, wife of Frank Foster, of St. Paul, 
 Minnesota. 
 
 JosiAH Emehy became well and widely known as an educator, scholar, lawyer 
 and historical writer, and more than passing reference should be given to him. He 
 was born in Canterbury, New Hampshire, November 30, 1801, and traced his 
 ancestry back through six generations to Xathan Emery. The family was of 
 Norman origin. He was the third of sixteen children bom to Nathan and Betsy 
 (McCrillis) Emery, and attended Kimball Union Academy, in his native State, until 
 the age of nineteen, when he entered Dartmouth Colkt,^-. Here he remained until 
 reaching his majority, and then followed teaching for six years. He was graduated 
 from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1828, in which year he came to 
 Wellsboro, and took charge as principal of the academy. After hU retirement 
 from the Wellsboro Academy he was married February l'^, 1830, to Julia Ann, 
 daughter of Hon. John Beecher, of Tioga county, an old-time landlord, sheriff and 
 member of the legislature. 
 
 Mr. Emery was admitted to the bar at Wellsboro in 1831. He served aa district 
 attorney of Tioga county and postmaster of Wellsboro; also as commissioner of 
 bankruptcy, and of drafts during the war. In 18 U he removed to Williamsport, 
 where he practiced his profession for a short time, when he retired. lie always took 
 a deep interest in literary work, and especially in the cause of education. He was 
 for many years a trustee of the Wellsboro .\cademy, after retiring from it as teacher, 
 and he wrote much on local topics. Through his industry in this line of work a 
 great deal of early history relating to Wellsboro and Tioga county has been 
 preserved. 
 
 During his residence in Williamsport lie was a member of the school board for 
 nine years, serving one term as jiresident. lie founded the public school library, 
 and the Emery school building in that city was named in his honor, because of his 
 devotion to the cause of education. The closing years of his long and industrious 
 life were devoted to literary pursuits. He wrote much for the local press. One of 
 his greatest efforts in the literary line was a manuscript history of earthquakes. 
 
 On July 24, 1871, Mr. Emery had the misfortime to lose liis wife by death. He 
 survived her almost twenty years, dying in Williamsport, April 26, 1891, at the ripe 
 age of ninety years, four months and twenty-eight days. Both are buried in the 
 cemetery at Wellsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Emery were the parents of eleven children, 
 five sons and six daughters. 
 
 Hon. John Wesley Maykabd, who attained to great distinction in the legal 
 profession, commenced his career in Tioga county. He was bom ilay 18, 1806, at 
 Springfield, Vermont. In 1823 his parents removed to Hamilton, New York, where 
 he received an academic education. lie commenced studying law in the office of 
 William G. Angell and George C. Clyde, of Otsepo county, where he spent three 
 years, and in 1828 removed with his parents to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he practiced law until the spring of 1833, when he located in Tioga. In 
 18(0 ho removed to Williamsport, because it afforded a wider field. He became 
 eminent at the bar of Lycoming county. In 1859 he was appointed assistant law 
 judge at Pittsburg, and in 1862 he was elected president judge of the Third judicial 
 
156 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 district, composed of Northampton and Lehigh counties, where he remained for six 
 years and then resigned and returned to Williamsport. After an experience of half 
 a century he retired from practice and spent the remainder of his days in repose. He 
 was a ripe scholar, an able lawyer and brilliant advocate. Judge Maynard was mar- 
 ried three times. The second wife of Peter Herdic was a daughter by his second 
 marriage. He died at Minnequa in 1885, at the ripe age of nearly seventy-nine 
 years. 
 
 Hon. John W. Guernsey was born in Hudson, New York, January 38, 1811. 
 When he was about four months old his parents removed to Susquehanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, and settled on a farm. His father died early, leaving a widow and 
 eight children. At nine years of age young Guernsey was thrown entirely on his own 
 resources, but possessing ambition and pluck, he managed to secure an education at 
 the Montrose Academy. In 1831 he came to Wellsboro; commenced reading law 
 under the direction of James Lowrey; was admitted in 1835, and opened an office at 
 Tioga. In 1840 he was appointed United States marshal, and that year took the 
 census of the entire county of Tioga, which gave a population of 15,498. In 1850 he 
 removed to Wellsboro, where he resided until 1853, when he returned to Tioga. He 
 served one term in the State Senate and two terms in the House. Although leading 
 such an active public life, Mr. Guernsey did not neglect his practice, which embraced 
 the counties of Tioga, Potter, McKean, Bradford and Lycoming. He devoted his 
 principal attention to collections, and won a high record as an honest lawyer and a 
 man of unquestioned integrity. To his watchful care was intrusted the manage- 
 ment of many estates, and he acquired a competency by the practice of his profession 
 which he continued to prosecute until 1874, when advancing age admonished him to 
 retire. His wife, Susan Marriott Morris, was a daughter of Judge Samuel Wells 
 Morris, and brought to his home culture and refinement. He died at his residence in 
 the borough of Tioga, November 39, 1883. 
 
 Alexandbb S. Beewstee was born at Bridgwater, Susquehanna county, Peim- 
 sylvania, April 7, 1813, a son of Jonah and Lovisa (Sprague) Brewster. He was 
 educated in the common schools of his native town and at Montrose Academy, and 
 when sixteen years of age began teaching school, which he followed about a year. He 
 came with his father to Tioga in 1839, and clerked in the store until the spring of 
 1831, when he became a clerk in his father's offtce at Wellsboro. During this period 
 he read law under James Lowrey, was admitted to practice in February, 1835, and is 
 to-day the oldest living member of the Tioga bar. Ten days after his admission he 
 was appointed district attorney and filled the office three years. In 1839 he was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Porter prothonotary of the county, held the office one year, and 
 was then elected a county auditor. He practiced his profession a few years and then 
 secured the position of transcribing clerk in the legislature, in 1846, and served as 
 such six years. He subsequently held the postmastership of Wellsboro, and has also 
 filled the offices of councilman, burgess and poormaster. Though a staunch Demo- 
 crat, and living in a community strongly Eepublican, 'Squire Brewster has been 
 elected seven successive terms as justice of the peace, each time without opposition, 
 and at the close of his present term will have held the office thirty-five consecutive 
 years. In the eariy thirties he was major of the First Battalion, One Hundred and 
 Fifty-sixth Eegiment, Pennsylvania Militia, and took quite an active interest in local 
 
THE BENCH AND BAH. 157 
 
 military affairs during that period. On December 3, 1843, Major Brewster married 
 Mary Sophronia Smith, of Chenango comity. New York, to which union have been 
 born six children, viz: Mary E., Joseph W., Almira and James J., all of whom are 
 dead; Mary S., wife of C. H. Eoberts, of Tioga county, and Sarah E., wife of James 
 E. Fish, of Wellsboro. 'Squire Brewster's family are connected with the Presby 
 terian church. Though never accumulating much of this world's riches, he is held in 
 high esteem by the people of Wellsboro, where he has lived for sixty-five years. 
 
 Hon. Loeenzo Pahsons Williston, bom at Binghamton, Xew York, August, 
 1815, died at his home in Wellsboro ilay 22, 1887. He received a good education 
 and studied law under the direction of his father, Hon. Horace Williston (then of 
 Athens), who served as president judge here a short time, by appointment, after the 
 retirement of Judge Conyngham. After settling in Wellsboro he was associated 
 for a short time with Hon. S. F. Wilson in the practice of the law. In 1856 he was 
 elected a member of the lower house of the legislature and served in that body until 
 1860. President Lincoln appointed him United States judge in Dakota, and three 
 years afterwards he was transferred to Montana. Returning honu- he settled at 
 Towanda and practiced his profession there for three years, when he retunu-d to 
 Wellsboro, where he continued to reside until his death, the immediate cause of 
 which was apoplexy. Judge Williston married Miss Martha A., daughter of Dr. 
 John B. Murphey, one of the early physicians of Wt'llsboro. His widow, two sons and 
 two daughters survive. 
 
 Hon. John C. Knox, one of the most distinguished members of tlie Tioga 
 county bar, was born in what is now the borough of Kno.xville, February 18, 1817. 
 He studied law with Judge Purple, of Lawrenceville, afterward a prominent jurist 
 in Illinois, and with William (Jarretson, of Tioga, wJiere he practiced a few years 
 and then removed to Wellsboro. He rose rapidly in his chosen profession, and soon 
 became one of the leading lawyers of the county. He served as deputy attorney 
 general in 1840-42. In 1845 he was sent to the legislature and re-elected the 
 next year, but before the expiration of his last year Governor Sliunk appointed him 
 judge of a judicial district in the western part of the Stiito. Before his term expired 
 he was nominated and elected an associate justice of the State Supreme Court. The 
 routine work of the court proved too monotonous, and he resigned before the expi- 
 ration of his term. In 1858 he was appointed attorney general of Pennsylvania, 
 and at the close of his term he accepted the position of judge advocate in the United 
 States army and held it till the close of the war. Settling in Philadelphia he soon 
 took high rank as a lawyer, but in the midst of his busy practice he was stricken with 
 paralysis of the brain and was forced to retire from the bar. He lingered for several 
 years in a helpless condition and died at Wellsboro August 26, 1880. As a lawyer 
 he was able and brilliant, and would have attained to higher eminence in the profes- 
 sion if he had been permitted to reach the full maturity of his powers. He was an 
 honor to the profession and the county that gave him birth, and his death was 
 deeply mourned. 
 
 Pardon' Damon was an old-time member of the bar. He was bom in ^fnsfsa- 
 chiisotts in 1808. When a young man he came to this county, read law with John 
 C. Knox, was admitted to the bar and located in practice at Lawrenceville. ^fuch 
 of his time was devoted to real estate business, and buying and selling land. He 
 
158 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 married Lois Lindsley and died in Lawrenceville, in 1873, in the sixty-fourth year 
 of his age. 
 
 A. J. MoNBOE was born in Massachusetts, October 7, 1806; came to Tioga county 
 in 1843; studied law with Hon. John C. Knox, at Lawrenceville, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1843. Locating at Knoxville he entered upon the practice of his 
 profession. In 1849 he was appointed deputy attorney general, and he represented 
 Tioga county in the legislature in 1850. In 1859 he removed to Monticello, Iowa, 
 where he practiced his profession and held several offices of trust. 
 
 William Adams was born in Tioga, Tioga county, March 34, 1816, a son of 
 Capt. Lyman Adams, and grew to manhood in his native county. In 1831 he became 
 an apprentice in the office of the Tioga Pioneer, then published by Eankin Lewis & 
 Co. In 1838 he succeeded Dr. Cyrus Pratt as owner and editor of the paper, which 
 then bore the name of Tioga Democrat. In 1840 he sold a half interest to John C. 
 Knox and others, and the plant was removed to Lawrenceville and the name 
 changed to Lawrence Sentinel. The next year he sold his remaining interest in 
 the paper, returned to Tioga township and bought a farm on Mill creek, where for 
 fourteen years he followed agriculture in connection with the practice of law. Mr. 
 Adams was married, February 33, 1841, to Euth Ann Daily, a daughter of John and 
 Violetta (Niles) Daily, to which union two children were born: John Willard, an 
 attorney of Mansfield, and William Erastus, who died on March 30, 1873, aged 
 twenty-seven years, being at the time of his death collector of internal revenue for 
 this district. In 1855 Mr. Adams removed to Mansfield, and in 1857 he was chosen 
 a justice of the peace. With the exception of the years 1883 and 1883, when he was 
 door-keeper of the State Senate at Harrisburg, he filled the office continuously up to 
 May, 1895. Prom 1863 to 1877 he was in the mercantile business at Mansfield. 
 Mrs. Adams died in that borough July 31, 1868. Her husband survived until 
 August 11, 1895, dying at the ripe age of nearly eighty years. In politics he was a 
 staunch Eepubliean, and in religion a Methodist. He was also a member of Priend- 
 ship Lodge, No. 347, P. & A. M. Besides serving as a justice of the peace he filled 
 the office of councilman, assessor and school director, and was one of the useful and 
 respected citizens of Mansfield. 
 
 John 'N. Bache, a son of William Bache, Sr., was born in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, March 8, 1830, and was educated in the public schools of his native town. 
 He commenced the study of law with his brother-in-law, Hon. Eobert G. White, in 
 1841, and completed the usual legal course at Yale Law School, in New Haven, 
 Connecticut. In the fall of 1843 he was admitted to the bar of Tioga county and 
 is one of its oldest members now living. He personally knew and has a very clear 
 recollection of many of the old-time lawyers who practiced at this bar. He devoted 
 his attention chiefly to land titles and collections, as jury trials were generally 
 distasteful to him. He served as deputy attorney general for about one year. In 
 1848 he was elected register and recorder, served one term, and was afterwards 
 chosen a justice of the peace, but he soon resigned the office. Years ago, in con- 
 nection with his brother William, he turned his attention to timber and coal lands 
 and geological explorations. They first called the attention of the Pall Brook Coal 
 Company to the lands now known as the Antrim Pield, the development of which has 
 added so much wealth and prosperity to the county. Mr. Bache was married at 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. 159 
 
 Seneca Falls, New York, September 1, 1847, to Sarah StoweU, a daughter of Heze- 
 kiah Stowell, one of the pioneer lumbermen of Tioga county. She was bom in 
 Bainbridge, Xew York, June 30, 1823, and came with her parents to Wellsboro in 
 childhood. Six children were bom of this marriage, three of whom grew to matu- 
 rity, viz: Anna S., wife of A. A. Truman; Louisa M., wife of L. F. Truman, and 
 Nellie, wife of F. W. Graves, all of whom are residents of Wellsboro. Mrs. Bache 
 died at her home in that borough December 31, 1896, after a residence there of 
 nearly half a century. In politics ilr. Bache was originally a \Vliig, but has been a 
 Republican since the organization of that part;y. Although now retired from active 
 business life, he is still recognized as one of Wellsboro's most substantial citizens. 
 
 Julius Sherwood was one of the leading members of the bar forty veins ago. 
 He was bom in what is now Schuyler county, New York, January 2'i, 1^'i'i. and 
 was admitted to the bar of Tioga county, December 17, 1844. From the time of his 
 admission until the breaking out of the Rebellion, he continued to practice at Wells- 
 boro. When Sumter was fired on he was one of the first men in Tioga county to 
 take an active part in raising troops for the defense of the Union, and was elected 
 captain of one of the two first companies organized at Wellsboro, on Monday, .Vpril 
 22, 1861. lie filled the same position when his men were mustered in ai Cam]) Cur- 
 tin the following June, as Company H, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 served until September, 1861, when he resigned. Mr. Sherwood died at Williams- 
 port, July 7, 1875. 
 
 A. P. Cone was born in New Hampshire in 1820. When a young man he came 
 to Elkland and settled, lie read law under the direction of lion. John ('. Kno.x, at 
 Lawrenceville, and was admitted in 1846. In addition to his law business, hf became 
 an active operator in real estate and a builder of houses and hotels. He built a largo 
 hotel in Wellsboro in 18G9-70, which was named the Cone House, but is now known 
 as the Coles House. He also built the Albemarle House at Elizabeth City, .N'orth 
 Carolina, through which he suffered heavy losses. Mr. Cone died in 1871. 
 
 Hon. John ^\^ Ryon was born in l^lkland, Tioga county, March 4, iy?."i, a son 
 of Judge John Ryon, and grandson of John Ryon, both pioneers of the ( 'owanesque 
 valley. He received an academical education at Millville, New York, and Wellsboro. 
 Pennsylvania; read law with Hon. John C. Knox, at Wellsboro, and comiileted his 
 studies with Hon. .lames Lowrey of the same place. He was admitted tn the bar of 
 Tioga county in 1846, and soon after opened an offiee at Lawrenceville. In ls.">0 he 
 was elected, on the Democratic ticket, district attorney, was re-elected at the expira- 
 tion of his term, and filled the office six consecutive years, discharging: its duties in 
 a very satisfactory manner, ifr. Ryon was not only an able and safe counsellor, but 
 was reeo'::nized as a powerful advocate, and his practice extended to the adjoining 
 counties of Totter, .McKean and Bradford, where he met in legal coml>at the best 
 lawyers of those sections. ( >n the breaking out of the Rebellion he heartily supported 
 the government, and did all in his power to encourage enlistments and raise troops 
 for tlu' defense of the llaj:. Ho was largely instrumental in raising Company A, of 
 the famous liuektails, and gave freely of his time and means towards that object, 
 in ISCl he was appointed paymaster in the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, and held 
 that position one year, during which time the Reserves were mustered into the 
 United States service. In March, 1863, :Mr. Kyon removed to Tottsvillo. Srhuylkill 
 
160 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 county, where he has since resided. He represented the Thirteenth congressional 
 district in Congress one term, and for the past thirty years he has been one of the 
 leading lawyers of central and eastern Pennsylvania. 
 
 Hon. Chahles H. Setmoue was born in Bath, New York, June 31, 1830; 
 studied law with Hon. John W. Guernsey, at Tioga, and was admitted to the bar in 
 ISl?. He was an active practitioner for many years and a recognized leader at the 
 Tioga bar. In November, 1876, he was elected a state senator and represented his 
 district with ability and fidelity four years. Before the close of his term he con- 
 tracted a malarial disease which was the indirect cause of his death, at his home in 
 the borough of Tioga, June 6, 1883, in his sizty-second year. 
 
 Hon. Heney Sheewood was one of the most prominent and successful mem- 
 bers of the Tioga county bar for nearly half a century. He was a native of Bridge- 
 port, Connecticut, bom October 9, 1813, and a son of Salmon and Phoebe (Burritt) 
 Sherwood, of that place, where his paternal ancestor, Thomas Sherwood, settled ia 
 1645. Henry was of the seventh generation from the founder of the American 
 branch of the family. In 1817 he removed with his parents to the town of Catheriae, 
 in what is now Schuyler county. New York, where he spent his boyhood days on a 
 farm. His education was obtained in the common schools, supplemented by a few 
 terms at an academy. At the age of sixteen he began teaching, which he followed 
 about a year, and then went to Columbus, Ohio, where he clerked in a general store 
 a few years. He later resided in the South for several years, mostly in Louisiana and 
 what is now the State of Texas. While there he was a soldier in the Texan army 
 under General Houston, and when the independence of Texas was obtained he re- 
 turned to Columbia, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, to which place his parents had 
 removed. In 1840 he located in Knoxville, Tioga county, where he was a merchant 
 and lumberman. Meeting with financial reverses, he entered -the employ of Joel 
 Parkhurst, of Elkland, for whom he clerked a few years. 
 
 Mr. Sherwood began the study of law in 1845, and in December, 1846, removed 
 to Wellsboro and entered the law office of Hon. Eobert G. White. He pursued his 
 studies under Judge White until his admission to the bar, September 7, 1847, when 
 he entered at once into active practice. With the passing years he built up a fine 
 legal busiuess and became widely known as a safe and successful lawyer. His courte- 
 ous manners and pleasing address made him a favorite among the people, and for 
 nearly half a century he was engaged in all of the important civil and criminal 
 causes tried in Tioga county. His professional career was one of uninterrupted suc- 
 cess. Possessing a strong constitution and great will power, his force and persevering 
 industry swept aside every obstacle that came in his way. His perceptive faculties 
 were of the keenest character and his knowledge of human nature enabled him to 
 fathom men and their motives. Among the qualities that made Mr. Sherwood a 
 successful lawyer and a formidable advocate, were his good judgment, ready appre- 
 ciation of the strong points of his case and the weak points in the other side; his 
 great industry in the thorough preparation of his case, never trusting to chance, but 
 always possessing a clear understanding of it; while his good judgment of men and 
 knowledge of how the grouping of facts would strike the court and jury, generally 
 enabled him to make the most out of the cross-examination of the opposing wit- 
 nesses. His indomitable courage never deserted him. When the tide seemed to be 
 
/ 
 
 I j^'-■o^^ v^ a,-^ ,- r < -7-cC_) 
 
THE BEXCH AXD BAB. \Q\ 
 
 the strongest against his client he worked the harder, and his ingenuity and tact en- 
 abled him to get the best possible results out of desperate cases. He had wonderful 
 capacity and inclination for work, and loved it more for the success he achieved than 
 for the remuneration it brought him. His strongest characteristic?, therefore, were 
 industry, good judgment of men, tact and courage. 
 
 In the practice of his profession Mr. Sherwood was always ready to volunteer 
 in the defense of the poor and unfortunate, and no person was ever turned from his 
 office for want of money to pay fees. His zeal for his client was the same whether 
 there was a good fee at the end of the case or not. He always made his cUent's case 
 his own and contested every point as if his personal interests were at stake. He 
 loved his profession, and to him the keenest gratification of his life was at the close 
 of a trial in which he had successfully defended and vindicated the right* of a client 
 uiion whom he felt a wrong had been sought to be perpetrated. C'cmipensation with 
 him, as with every true lawyer, was a matter of secondary consideration. H is client's 
 interest was his first thought and his own remuneration a mere incident in the case. 
 Mr. Sherwood was especially loved liy the younger members of the bur for liis uni- 
 form kindness and courtesy, being ever ready to extend to them a heli)int; hand. 
 Frequently called upon for advice, he fjave it cheerfully, and there are mcniliers of 
 the Tioga county bar who will cherish his memory as long as they live. For more 
 than forty years he continued in the active duties of his profcssicm. winning a large 
 practice and attaining a well-earned prominence at the bar. .V few years a;,'o the 
 advancing infirmities of age compelled him to retire from active work, and he spi-nt 
 the sunset of an honoralile, upright life in tiie ipiiel happiness of his home in Wells- 
 boro, where lie died N(ivend)er 10, IS'.XI. hnvinir passeil the ripe af,'e of cigiity-ihrce 
 years. At his death the court and bar ado]]ied the followiiii,' tributi^ to his nicninry: 
 
 Rchiilviil, That by the death of Henry SIutwhoc'., who forii half acriiturywa«an active 
 membpr of the liar nnd one of the lending lawyiTs of I'eniisvl\,iiiin, the court and bar 
 of Tiofra ciiiinty in dcvp sorrow reeog'ni/e the Iohs of n profound jiiriHt nnd an able 
 advocate, a patriotic .slntcsnian, nn agreeable, companionable pentl>-man, a noble 
 and (^enerouK private citi/.cn. u kind husband and an indulgent and affectionate father. 
 
 Aside from his profession, Mr. Sherwood always took a lively interest in what- 
 ever had a tendency to de\elo|) the resoiireo ui the eouiiiy and advance it.-- indus- 
 trial prosperity, lie was a jiriine mover in the oriranization of the Tioga County Ag- 
 ricultural .Society, in 1S.")-J, and was its president in ls:i!t. when he introduced Ildrace 
 (Jreeley to the large audience gathered to hear that distinj^ui.shed journalist, whimi 
 he had engaged to deliver an address to the society, ilr. Sherwood was also untiring 
 in his efforts to secure the construction of the railr<)ad from Well.'-horo to Lawrence- 
 ville, now the Corning. Cowanesijiie and .Viitrim section of the Fall Brook, and 
 served as president of the company from its organization until the completion of the 
 road in 187S. He strongly advocated the building of the .Tersey Shore and Pine 
 Creek railroad, now a part of tlie Fall Brook system, was a director of the company 
 until the road was finished, and president of the same from its organization up to 
 the time of his death. He wa.s also a director in the Fall Brook Railroad Company. 
 
 When the Civil War broke out Mr. Siierwood gave an unswerving and loyal 
 8up|)ort to the Union cause, and during its continuance aided lihcrally in sending 
 men to the front and in stirring up an inten.se spirit of patriotism among the people. 
 
 II 
 
162 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Throughout his long and active career he was always a staunch Democrat, and was 
 the candidate of his party for Congress in this district three times, in 1856, 1870 and 
 1873. In 1870 he defeated William H. Armstrong, of Williamsport, the Republican 
 nominee, by a majority of twenty-seven votes, wiping out Mr. Armstrong's previous 
 majority of 3,038, much to the surprise of his opponent, thus proving his popularity 
 among the people of the district. His course in Congress was creditable to himself 
 and constituents. He also represented the district several times in state and national 
 conventions and always gave his best efforts towards the success of his party. 
 
 Mr. Sherwood was twice married. In February, 1843, he was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Sarah M. Allen, of Cortland county, New York. She died August 17, 
 , 1871, leaving one son, Walter, now a well-known lawyer of Wellsboro. Two years 
 later he married Levancia Allen, a sister of his first wife, who survives him. An 
 ardent lover of nature, Mr. Sherwood had the deepest affection for every living 
 thing, and took great pleasure in the companionship of the domestic pets which 
 always found a warm welcome in his home. He also loved the green fields, the woods 
 and the flowers, and was in fact a good type of one of Nature's noblemen. 
 
 i'EEDEEiciv E. Smith was born at Amherst, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, 
 November 15, 1822, and removed with his parents at an early age to Marion, New 
 York, where he was prepared for college at the Marion Collegiate Institute. In 
 July, 1844, he graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York. During 
 the ensuing year he was principal of Wolcott Academy, Wolcott,, New York, and 
 afterward the academy at Clyde. He then began the study of law with Hon. 
 Chauncey F. Clark, of Wolcott. In 1846 he removed to Tioga and completed his 
 studies under Hon. John W. Guernsey, of that place. He was admitted to the 
 Tioga county bar in 1849, to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1853, and to the 
 United States courts in 1865. In 1849 he formed a co-partnership with Hon. 
 Charles H. Seymour, of Tioga, which continued until 1853. He was married, June 
 14, 1853, to Stella F. Bigelow, of Tioga, youngest daughter of Judge Levi Bigelow. 
 In 1856 he was a presidential elector on the Fremont ticket, and in 1860 was 
 an elector on the Lincoln ticket. He was an ardent supporter of the Union 
 cause, and an earnest friend of the soldier during the Civil War. In 1865 he was 
 appointed a United States commissioner, holding that office until his death. In 
 1867 he was appointed United States register in bankruptcy for the Eighteenth 
 (now the Sixteenth) district, serving until the repeal of the"law. In June, 1879, 
 he became one of the founders of the banking house of Pomeroy Brothers & F. e'. 
 Smith, at Blossburg, with which he was connected until his death, at his home in 
 Tioga, October 8, 1889. He was prominent as a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and 
 was one of the trustees of Union College, Schenectady, New York. Mr. Smith 
 was an able and successful lawyer, and had a well-deserved reputation for upright- 
 ness and integrity. 
 
 Thomas Allen was born in Kennebunk, York county, Maine, December 11, 
 • 1817, and was educated in the common schools of his native town. In 1841 he came 
 CO Tioga coimty and located at Elkland, where he was engaged in the saddle and 
 harness busmess for seven years. He then studied law under Hon John C Knox 
 and was admitted to the bar in September, 1851. He opened an office in Wellsboro 
 with A. P. Cone, and practiced his profession until January, 1865, when he entered 
 
THE BENCH AKD BAB. 163 
 
 the county commiBsioners' office as clerk and served in that capacity ten years. In 
 , 18"(4 he was elected county treasurer and served one term, after which he resumed 
 his law practice, continuing until 1892, when he retired on account of ill health, but 
 is still a resident of W'ellsboro. 
 
 Hon. Butlek B. Strang was one of the most distinguished and brilliant mem- 
 bers of the Tioga bar. i>om in Greenwood, Steuben county, Xew York, March 16, 
 1829, the son of a Methodist minister, he came with his father to Westfield, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in 1840, where he was reared to manhood. He studied law with 
 A. J. Monroe, of Knoxville, and was admitted to the bar in 1802. Four years later 
 he was elected district attorney, in which office he displayed thii?o legal talents 
 which in later years placed him in the front rank of his profession. Hf >on-ed in the 
 legislature in 1861-62, and from 1808 to ISTl. He was chairman of the judiciary 
 general committee t\\(j sessions, and of the ways and means one ^I'^slon, and was 
 speaker of the House in 1870. Ho served in the Senate from is:.! to is'ai. During 
 that period he was chairman of the judiciary general committee two sessions, chair- 
 man of the finance committee two ses-sions, and speaker nf the Smate in l.sT 1, the 
 last regular speaker of that body under the old constitution. Mr. Strang was a 
 member of the first committee which visited Washington, in conjunction with the 
 committee of council from I'liiliKklphiii, to initiute the Centennial Exhibition and 
 bring it to the attention of Congress. He was jiImi chairman of the legislative 
 centennial committee appointed to assi.^^t in tlie erection and care of the I'enn.fylvania 
 buildings, but resigned the position to Senator .lone.s, of Piiiladclphia. .V.i chairman 
 of tlie tommission appointed by (lovernor Hartranft to devi.^e a eodc for the govern- 
 ment of cities, he made an elaborate report, accompanieii hy a bill, but it was mver 
 adopted in full. After- leaving the scenes of his greatest triumph.-* at Ilarrisbur;;, 
 Senator Strang was appointed United States marshal for the Territoryof Dakota, but 
 after a short term of service, inqiaired health compelled him to resign the office in 
 1882. Returning to his home in Westtield, he retired from aetive polities and 
 devoted his attention to professional work and the gratification of his highly culti- 
 vated literary tastes. 
 
 During his public lift' of nenrly twenty years, few men in the Commonwealth 
 exerted a greater influence or eominanded a higher regard in his own party and 
 respect from the leading men anionj; the opposition than Rntler B. Strang. En- 
 dowed with a clear intellect and a dignified presence, jiossessini: a wide knowledge of 
 parliamentary law and n.sngos, and being an able and effective debater, he was the 
 recognized Republican leader of the House and Senate. SduMilcd in the adversi- 
 ties of pioneer life, he knew the wants of liis constitnents, and he did not he-itate 
 to battle for them. Few men could express their views more lucidly, and few were 
 gifted with the power of making a more incisive or convincing argument. He was 
 for many years one of the leading members of the Tioga bar and was counsel in 
 many important suits. Owing to his life of great activity and the mental strain 
 to which he was constantly subjected, his health, never the best, broke down com- 
 pletely, his mind gave way, and on the morning of ^fay 10, ISSt, while laboring 
 under great mental aberration, he placed the muzzle of a revolver to his right temple, 
 pulled the trigger, and all was over in an instant! His death caused a profound 
 senHiilion, and there was sincere mourning among the people of the count}', a." he 
 
164 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 was one of the brightest, most aggressive and brilliant of the many adopted sons of 
 Tioga. 
 
 Chahles 0. Bowman was bom in Westfield, March 6, 1825, and was educated 
 in the common schools and the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary. He read law imder 
 Hon. Eobert. G. White, of Wellsboro, and was admitted to practice September 8, 
 1852. After his admission he located in Knoxville. In 1862 he was elected a member 
 of the legislature. He removed to Corry in 1865, and in 1869 was elected to the 
 legislature from Erie county, and in 1872 was a member of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention. He is now a member of the bar of Erie county. 
 
 CoL. EoBEET T. Wood was bom in Laurence township, Otsego county. New 
 York, February 2, 1830, and is a son of John T. Wood. He was educated at Mill- 
 ville Academy, Orleans county, and Wilson College, Niagara county. New York. 
 In 1850 he began the study of law with Hon. James Lowrey, of Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, and to the Supreme Court of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1869. He located at Elkland, where, with the exception of six years spent 
 in what is now South Dakota, and the time he was in the army, he has continued to 
 practice his profession since his admission to the bar. In August, 1861, he raised 
 Company I, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, and went to the front as captain of his 
 company. On October 4, 1862, he resigned his commission, by reason of disability. 
 But not contented to remain idle while the nation's life was in danger, he re-enlisted, 
 July 6, 1864, raised Company H,Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and again went to the front as captain of that company. On March 25, 1865, he was 
 promoted to the rank of major, and was mustered out of service June 7, 1865, with 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was wounded in front of Petersburg, April 2, 
 1865. For six years he was district attorney of Bon Homme county, in what is now 
 South Dakota. On December 10, 1851, he married Mary E. Culver, a daughter of 
 Leander and Dolly (Bottum) Culver, of Elkland, and has two children, Leander and 
 Jennie. Colonel Wood is a staunch Eepublican, was clerk of the House of Kepresen- 
 tatives in 1869, 1870 and 1871, and has always taken a deep interest in the success 
 of his party. From 1878 to 1880 he edited the Elkland Journal, conducting it as a 
 Eepublican paper. He has been commander of J. Edgar Parkhurst Post, No. 581, 
 0. A. E., of Elkland, five successive terms, and is a member of the Masonic order and 
 the I. 0. 0. F. In religious faith he adheres to the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Augustus Steeeteb was born December 12, 1823, in the township of Shippen, 
 on Pine creek. He received an academical education, studied law with A. J. Monroe, 
 and was admitted to the bar in December, 1854. He was a fellow-student with Butler 
 B. Strang, but unlike him, never went into politics and never held any official posi- 
 tion. His first case in court was in 1855, when he and Strang defended a man charged 
 with arson, who was acquitted. Singular to relate after an active service of twenty- 
 seven years, Mr. Streeter's last case was that of the same man charged with killing 
 his son. He was indicted for murder, but was acquitted and discharged. Mr. Streeter 
 died in the spring of 1883, aged sixty years. 
 
 Henet Allen was bom in Smithfield, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, August 
 , 10, 1823, and was the third son of Ezra Allen, who came to Pennsylvania from Hali- 
 fax, Vermont, in 1819. He was of the sixth generation from James and Anna Allen, 
 who came probably from Scotland, and settled in Dedham, now Medfield, Massachu- 
 
THE BENCH AXD BAR. 165 
 
 setts, in 1639, the line of descent being as follows: Joseph, youngest son of James 
 and Anna Allen; Xehemiah, youngest son of Joseph; David, sixth son of Xehemiah; 
 David, Jr., first son of David; Ezra, second son of David, Jr., and Henrj-, third son of 
 Ezra. The subject of this sketch studied law in Cherry, Luzerne county, under Judge 
 Dietrick, and in Smithfield, Bradford county, under Judge Bullock, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Bradford county bar in 1854. He soon after came to Mansfield, Tioga 
 county, where he continued in the practice of his profession, and filled the office of 
 district attorney from December, 1859, to December, 1862. In March, 1860, he was 
 admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in IsTO to the 
 United States district court. He was a law clerk in the office of the in- 
 ternal revenue department at Washington, D. C, from S^'ptt-mber, 18G-1, to 
 October, 1865, when he resigned on account of ill health. In 1869 he was ap- 
 pointed notary public and held the office during the remainder of his life. On Octo- 
 ber 25, 1846, Mr. Allen married Elizabeth Fralic, a daujiliter of Benjamin Fralic, of 
 Richmond township. She died January 9, 1862. He was again married March 'i."), 
 1863, to Jean M. Butts, a daughter of Lorin and Harriet IJuitN of Mansfield. Her 
 parents were natives of Canterbury, Connecticut, and canif to Mansfield in 1832. 
 Mrs. Allen became the mother of one daughter, Fredrika Brumer, now the wife of 
 George A. Clark, of Mansfiold. Mr. Allen died January 4, 1HS8, aged .sixty-four 
 years, and his wife, May 12, lS!)(i, ajri'd sovonty-two years. In politics, he was a 
 Republican, and in religion a member of tliu Baptist cliurch. He was also comirrted 
 with the Masonic order, in which he was a Kni-lit Templar. Mr. Allen wa.s zealous, 
 painstaking, industrious and i)ereeverin^' in l.ehalf of his clients, and oceupied a 
 prominent place in his profession. He was the first b^^•.-e^s of Mansfield, was at 
 different times a member of the school l)oai(l, and was prominently identili.d with 
 
 the borough's history. 
 
 SAMnci, V. KiHKKNDALL wns born in Barton, Tio^'a eounty, Xew York. Mareh 
 29, 1S34, a son of Henry P. Kirkendall, and was ei^'lit years old when his parente 
 came to Lawrenoeville, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools in the win- 
 ter, and worked at farming and lumbering in the summer, until he wa.s sixteen 
 years old. He then went to a private school for about a year, and finally entered the 
 Lawrenceville Academy, whieh he attended about two years. When only nineteen 
 years of age he received a certificate authorizing him to teach in the common schools, 
 and he taught until 1857. He then commenced the study of law with Kas.son Park- 
 hurst, of Lawreiu eville, and wns admitted to the bar of Tioga county in l.s.-,9. In 
 1860 he located at Millerton, where he followed teaehing for thirteen years, and 
 then began the practice of his profession, to which he has since devoted his attention^ 
 Mr. Kirkendall married Jerusha TiUingl.ast, a daughter of Charies TiUinghast, of 
 Jackson townshi].. Tioga county, whose father was a captain in the Continental 
 army, and whose grandfather was (icn. John LamU. of Revolutionary fame. Mrs. 
 Kirkendall died October 3, 1895. She was the mother of four children, viz: Arthur, 
 Ella Mav. Pratt and Franz Joseph. Of these, Pratt, now a student at Man.field Mate 
 NormalSehool, is the only survivor. In politics. :Mr. Kirkendall is an ardent De.nn- 
 crat, and has been the nominee of his party on several occasions for important oib. , s, 
 among them that of president judge. He is one of the oM.st members nf the Tioca 
 
166 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 coimty bar, and has also been admitted to the United States district and eireuit 
 courts for the Eastern district of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Wallace Pulaski Eyon, son of Judge John Eyon, was born in Elkland, July 
 18, 1836, and was educated in the Lawrenceyille Academy, Lawrenceville; Lima Col- 
 lege, New York, and Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport. He studied under the pri- 
 vate tutorship of Eev. Sidney Mills. He read law with his brother, Hon. John W. 
 Eyon, now of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the Tioga county bar 
 in 1861. He then clerked for his brother, John W., who was paymaster in the Penn- 
 sylvania Eeserve Corps, and in the spring of 1863 located at Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, 
 and practiced one year. He next removed to Pottsville and practiced with his 
 brother, John "W., until 1879. From 1869 to 1872 he was cashier of the Pennsylvania 
 National Bank, of Pottsville, and in 1873 president of the Merchants' Exchange Bank 
 of the same place. From 1879 to 1882 he was connected with the coal and iron busi- 
 ness in Philadelphia. In the latter year he returned to the old homestead in Law- 
 renceville, and has since devoted his attention to farming and the practice of law. 
 
 Geobge W. Eyon, a well-known lawyer and banker of Shamokin, was born in 
 Elkland, Tioga county, April 30, 1839, a son of George L. Eyon, now a resident of 
 Lawrence township. He read law in the office of his uncle. Judge James Eyon, then 
 practicing at Tamaqua, Schuylkill county, was admitted to the bar of that county 
 September 10, 1861, and soon after opened an office at Lawrenceville. In 1869 he 
 located in Shamokin, where he has since continued in the active duties of his profes- 
 sion and won prominence at the bar of Northumberland county. 
 
 Hon. Jeeome B. Niles is one of the prominent and best-lcnown members of the 
 Tioga bar. He was born at Niles Valley, Tioga county, September 25, 1834, and is the 
 only child of Aaron Niles by his marriage to Mrs. Betsey Kilbourne, widow of John 
 Kilbourne and daughter of Eufus Butler. His youth was spent on his father's farm 
 at Niles Valley, and he attended the common schools of the neighborhood until the 
 fall of 1856, when he entered Union Academy, at Knoxville, where he remained a 
 year. In the fall of 1858 and 1859 he taught the district school at Wellsboro. He 
 finished reading law under the direction of Hon. Henry Sherwood, and was admitted 
 to the bar at the September term of 1861. After filling several minor offices he was, 
 at the session of the Pennsylvania legislature of 1862, appointed message clerk to the 
 House. This was the beginning of his political career. In the spring of 1862 he 
 was appointed mercantile appraiser of Tioga county, and in the fall of the same year 
 he was elected district attorney and was re-elected in 1865. He filled the office very 
 acceptably for six years. In 1864 he was again message clerk of the lower house of 
 the legislature. In the meantime he had taken \ip his residence permanently in 
 Wellsboro and entered into a law partnership with Stephen F. Wilson, which relation 
 continued until the latter went upon the bench. In 1868 he was elected a member of 
 the legislature and re-elected in 1869 without opposition. At this time Tioga county 
 was only entitled to one member in the House, and as much important legislation was 
 demanded a great deal of work necessarily devolved on him. It was during these 
 sessions that a strenuous effort was made to dismember Tioga by taking away a portion 
 of her territory to assist in forming a new county to be called Minnequa. Mr. Niles 
 took an active part against the movement and contributed largely to its defeat. The 
 act incorporating the Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo Eailroad Company was 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. 167 
 
 passed durifig the session of 1870, and received his ardent support upon the unani- 
 mous vote of his constituents. In 1872 he was elected a member of the Consti- 
 tutional Convention from the district composed of Cameron, McKean, Tioga and 
 Potter coimties. He took a prominent part in the proceedings of that body, and was 
 the author of the article relating to the formation of new counties. In 1S80 he was 
 again elected a member of the House, and in the ensuing session took a prominent 
 position as a legislator. He developed great aptitude for leadership and took a con- 
 spicuous stand in the movement which culminated in the election of Hon. John 1. 
 Mitchell, of Tioga county, as United States Senator, ilr. Xiles was re-elected a 
 member of the House in 1883, and in view of the creditable reputation he had made 
 during his several terms in that body, he became the nominee of the Eepublican 
 caucus for speaker. As, however, the Democrats had a majority, he was defeated 
 for election. In 1883 he was nominated by the Republicans for auditor f,'eneral of 
 Pennsylvania and was elected. His term began on the first ilonday of May, issi, 
 and his three years' administration of the ofBce was marked by no deviation from 
 the excellent record he had made in the public positions he had previously filled. 
 The Philadelphia Times, in an article on "Lawyers of the State." published February 
 16, 1896, refers to General Niles' term as auditor general in the following' language: 
 
 Upon the proper administration of the office the revenues of the State larg^ely de- 
 pended, and no incumbent of the position ever made a naore earnest or more suc- 
 cessful effort to give the State the utmost revenue possible imder the laws. The law of 
 1885, making realized capital pay its fair share of the taxes, was in large part framed 
 in his office. During his term the funds for ordinary cxih'iisi-s and for redeeming two 
 and a half millions of the funded debt and the purchase of three and a half millions of 
 government 4s for the sinking fund were provided. The annual reports of Auditor 
 General Niles were model state papers, and his last annual report contains a statement 
 covering banl<8 and banking which attracted much attention and excited comment on its 
 publieation. During his term he suggested many reforms, recommended the repeal of 
 defective laws and, as before stated, was largely instrumental in the framing of the 
 law of IBS."), by which the taxable basis of money capital was augmented one hundred and 
 fifty per cent. 
 
 In 1890 he received nearly the entire vote of Tioga county for the Republican 
 congiDssional nomination in the Sixteenth district, but the nomination was given 
 to Clinton county. In 181)2 this county again sent him to the legislature, and at 
 the session of 1893 he introduced the bill to equalize taxation and was prominent 
 in putting it in proper shape and advoeatiiip its passage. He was re-elected in 
 1894 and was an active participant in tlie debates of the long session of 189'i, and 
 strongly advocated the jiassaj,^' of the apportionment bills. In addition to his long 
 legislative career, (Jcneral Xiles has devoted iinremittini: attention to his large legal 
 practice. For many years he was counsel for the county commissioners. He also 
 represents large real estate interests, prominent among them being the Dent and 
 Bingham estates, and the Pennsylvania Joint Land and Lumber Company. He has 
 a well fitted office in WcUsboro, which is filled with a larj^e and valuable library. 
 
 General Xik's was married .luly 18, 1858, to Phoebe Ann Toles, a daugliter of 
 Ransler Toles, and lias three children: Aaron R., Alfred J., and Anna. The 
 family are I'lesliyterians. and ^Ir. Xiles is a K. T. in the Masonic order, and also a 
 iiienibcr of the I. 0. 0. V. 
 
168 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Hon. Moktimee P. Elliott, eldest son of Col. N. A. Elliott, of Mansfield, was 
 born at Cherry Flats, Tioga county, September 24, 1840, and was educated in the 
 common schools and at Alfred University, in Allegany county, N"ew York. On his 
 return from school he commenced the study of law under Hon. James Lowrey 
 and Hon. Stephen P. Wilson, of Wellsboro, and was admitted to the bar June 3, 
 1862. At the time of his admission the Tioga bar possessed a strong array of 
 able lawyers, but not in the least daunted he opened an office and entered the legal 
 arena. His close application to business and his power as an advocate before a jury 
 soon won for him a wide reputation and a large practice. Such a favorable im- 
 pression did he make upon the people of the county, that he was selected as the 
 Democratic candidate for president judge in 1871, and ran against Hon. Henry W. 
 "Williams. Although the Eepublican majority was large, he reduced it several 
 thousand votes and gave Judge Williams a close race for the office. In 1873 he was 
 elected a member of the Constitutional Convention and served with credit in that 
 distinguished body. At the Democratic State Convention of 1883 he was nomi- 
 nated for congressman-at-large, much against his will, and even after his name had 
 been withdrawn by his order; but the times seemed to require his acceptance and he 
 yielded to the popular demand of his party. He made the race and was elected, and 
 served in the Forty-eighth Congress with great credit to himself and the State at 
 large. In 1890 he was nominated by his party for Congress, to represent the Six- 
 teenth district, and, though the district was largely Republican, he came within 
 fifty-one votes of defeating A. C. Hopkins, his Republican opponent. Soon after 
 this he accepted a position as attorney for the Standard Oil Company, since which 
 time his headquarters have been at Oil City, Pennsylvania, though he also spends 
 a portion of his time at the office of the company in New York City. 
 
 Mr. Elliott possessed marked natural ability for the profession of the law, which 
 has been highly trained and developed by many years of rigid application and success- 
 ful practice. He has pursued its study with devotion and has attained a prominent 
 place in the legal arena of his native State. While a resident of Wellsboro his 
 practice extended into many of the adjoining counties, where his great strength as 
 an advocate, both in criminal and civil cases, was fully recognized by his con- 
 temporaries. To the logical faculty, he adds the persuasive, and is equally strong 
 at the counsel table and in the trial room. His arguments are terse and epigramatic, 
 or discursive, as the cause and occasion may seem to require, and whether addressed to 
 the court or jury, are strong, clear and convincing. As a lawyer, his strongest traits 
 of character are his honesty, persistent industry and capacity for work; his sound 
 knowledge of the law; his good judgment of men and facts; his great tact and 
 power as an advocate before the jury, and his logical presentation of a legal proposi- 
 tion to the court. A client who secures the services of Mr. Elliott never gets a 
 half-hearted support. When he enters into a legal contest all his energies are given 
 to the cause of his client, and when he wins a victory he never clamors for extreme 
 measures against the defeated side. He is considered by his old associates at the 
 bar of Tioga county as one of the best all-round lawyers in Pennsylvania. 
 Mr. Elliott married Miss Sarah J. Merrick, a daughter of Israel Merrick, Jr., and 
 sister of Major George W. Merrick, of Wellsboro. Though naturally proud of the 
 high place he has attained and the success he has won in his chosen profession, he 
 
Eng'o-^o ^y^ RI».o« K Sefw ^fytut. 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. 169 
 
 is nevertheless the same plain, unpretentious and affable gentleman as before. Mr. 
 Elliott is one of the most popular citizens of his native county, and his success and 
 eminence as a lawyer are referred to with pride by the companions of his boyhood 
 days. 
 
 NoEMAN H. Kyax, spelled by the other members of the family "Ryon," was 
 born in Lawrence township, Tioga county, December 1, 1839, a son of Samuel Ryon, 
 a sketch of whom appears in this work. He was educated in the common schools 
 and at Lawrenceville Academy, subsequently took a collegiate preparatory course at 
 Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima, New York, and spent three years at Genesee 
 College, where he won the prize for the best declamation. In 1860 he graduated 
 from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in full classical course, which com- 
 pleted his education. Returning to Tioga county he began the study of law 
 with Lowrey & Wilson, of Wellsboro, later .studied with Hon. John 
 W. Guernsey, of Tioga, and was admitted to the bar April 4, 1863. In 
 December, 1864, he located in practice at Amboy, Lee county. Illinois, where he 
 continued in the active duties of his profession until the sprinjr of 1878. During 
 this period he filled the offices of city attorney and prosecuting attorney of the city 
 court of Amboy. From 1870 to 1872 he served in the Illinois legislature from the 
 Eighty-fifth district, the first after the adoption of the new eonstitution, which 
 codified and remodeled the laws of the State. In 1878 he was |iresi(iential elector, 
 on the Republican ticket, of the Fourtli congressional district of Illinois, and 
 stumped the district for his party. For eiplit years he reprcsenteij that district in 
 the State Republican committee. In the sjirin^' of 1H78 he removed to Bloomington, 
 Illinois, and practiced there until the spring: of IKS'.', lifrliting his way to a front 
 place at the bar. The malarial climate of Illinois seriously affected his health and 
 he returned to his old home in Lawrenceville, where he remained a few years re- 
 cuperating his shattered constilntion. During this time he familiarized himself 
 with the laws and practice of Pennsylvania and then located in Wellsboro, where 
 he has since enjoyed a lucrative practice. Mr. Ryan was married .\ugust 16, 1S65, 
 to Elizabeth Mclntyrc, of Elbridge, New York, and has two children, Stella M. and 
 Frank W. 
 
 Jefferson Hahhison, a native of Wellsboro, was bom July 24, 1838. His 
 father, William Harrison, came from New Jersey to Wellsboro in 1833. Mr. Har- 
 rison received his education in the common sehools and the "Old Academy," so 
 fondly remembered by the older inhabitants of the borough. He read law under 
 the direction of Hon. Henry Sherwood, commencing in 18i;2, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 18(!4. He at once entered on his profession, which he has followed up 
 to the i)resent time. He is secretary and treasurer of the Wellsboro Water Company 
 and takes a deej) interest in that important publie improvement. He has also been 
 connected with the Pine Creek Railway t'omimny for many years, and in January, 
 1897. succeeded the late Hon. Henry Sherwood as president of that company. 
 
 Ci.ahk W. Re.vch was born in Dryden, New York, June 29, 1S29. He studied 
 law under Hon. Henry Sherwood and was admitted to practice in 1865. He located 
 at Westfield. where he has since practiced his profession. 
 
 Frank W. Clark was bom in Richmond townshii>. Tioga county, .Vupust 21, 
 1839, a .son of Elijah Pincheon and Fanny (lltzgeraUl) CTark. and grandson of 
 
170 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTJNTY. 
 
 Elijah and Lydia (Mixter) Clark. He was reared in his native township, and re- 
 ceived his education in the public schools of Mansfield, Wellsboro High School, and 
 Mansfield Classical Seminary. He spent the summer of 1863 in the west with his 
 invalid brother, Daniel E., remaining with him until his death. In the early part 
 of 1864 he commenced the study of law under Hon. Henry Sherwood, of Wellsboro, 
 with whom he remained two years. Upon his admission to the bar, in 1866, he 
 located in Mansfield, where he has since resided and practiced his profession. Mr. 
 Clark was married September 9, 1875, to Lelia S. Cole, a daughter of Alston J. and 
 Mary B. (Adams) Cole, of Mansfield, who has borne him two children, viz: Fanny 
 and Julia Genevieve. In politics, Mr. Clark is a Democrat, and has been quite active 
 in promoting the interests of his party. He has served as chairman and secretary 
 of the Democratic county committee for several years, and has been the nominee of 
 his party for the legislature, and twice for district attorney. He has filled various 
 municipal offices, has been a trustee of the State Normal School, and for the past 
 three years has been borough attorney and secretary of the council. He is also 
 president of the Mansfield Hook and Ladder Company. In religion he is a Presby- 
 terian. Mr. Clark is not only a prominent and successful lawyer, but one of the 
 progressive and public-spirited citizens of Mansfield. 
 
 John Willaed Adams, only living child of William and Euth Ann Adams, 
 and grandson of Capt. Lyman Adams, was born in Tioga township, Tioga county, 
 February 8, 1843, and was about tv/elve years old when his parents removed to 
 Mansfield. He received a good education, studied law with his father and the late 
 Henry Allen, and was admitted to practice in JSTovember, 1867. Mr. Adams was 
 married April 37, 1868, to Marian A. Vincent, who has borne him three children, 
 viz: Euth 0., Edna Lou, and Edith, who died in infancy. Euth graduated at the 
 State Normal School in the class of 1889, and Edna in that of 1893. Euth married 
 Arthur G. Brown, of Elmira, New York, and has one son, John Willard Adams, born 
 January 6, 1893. In politics Mr. Adams is a Eepublican, and takes an active interest 
 in public affairs. He is a stockholder in, and has been a trustee of, the State Normal 
 School and has always been a friend of education. During the past twenty-nine 
 years he has built up a lucrative practice, has been quite successful in his profession, 
 and is one of the leading members of the bar of his native county. 
 
 Waltee Sheewood was born in Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, No- 
 vember 31, 1843, and is the only child of the late Hon. Henry Sherwood, for many 
 years one of the best known citizens of Tioga county. His parents removed to 
 Wellsboro when Walter was three years old, where he received a common school and 
 academical education. He taught the primary department in the Wellsboro 
 Academy one year, and was then made principal of the Wellsboro High School, which 
 position he filled one year. During this time he studied law in his father's office, 
 and at the end of his first year as principal of the High School he gave up that position 
 and devoted his entire attention to the study of the legal profession. He was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1867, acted as clerk for his father for two years and was then 
 taken into partnership, the firm being kno\vn as Henry Sherwood & Son. They did a 
 very large business up to the fall of 1888, when his father retired from the active 
 duties of the profession and the present firm of Sherwood & Owlett was then formed. 
 Mr. Sherwood was married March 33, 1870, to Juliet E. Nichols, a daughter of 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. 1^7 J 
 
 Judge L<-\ i I. and Sarah J. (Brown) Nichols, to which union have been bom three 
 children, viz: Harry X., a member of the bar; Anna J., and AUen. The family are 
 members of the Protestant Episcopal church, and Air. Sherwood is connected with 
 the I. 0. 0. b'. PoUtically, he has always been a Democrat, and has given his 
 earnest support to the measures and principles of that party. He has served in the 
 borough council sixteen years, and as burgess four years. He is also a director in 
 the Pine Creek Itailway Company. Mr. Sherwood is one of the best informed men 
 in Tioga county on all matters pertaioing to its history. He possesses a remarkable 
 memory, and has freely given much valuable information in the preparation of this 
 work. Kind, courteous and obliging at all times, he is held in high esteem by the 
 best people of the community. 
 
 Hon. Chahles Tubus was bom in Elkland township (now Osceola), Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, July 11, 1843, and is a son of James and Anna (Lika~un) 
 Tubbs. lie early evinced a taste for learning, which was gratified in the common 
 schools of the district. At the age of thirteen iiu was sent to L''nion Acinkiiis, then 
 tmder the principalship of S. B. Price, and he subsequently studied at the same 
 institution under Prof. A. li. Wightman. Jii 1860 he taught school at Osceola, 
 Union Academy and Mill Creek, and for a short time in ISiJl at Wellsboro Academy. 
 He then entered Alfred Univcreity, and in Ibij'.i was admitted to Union Cnllo^i', 
 Schenectady, from which he was graduated in the classical couisf iu July, 18(j4. In 
 lMi> he entered the law department of Michigan University, Ann Harbor, from which 
 he was graduated in ilareh, 18G;. Keturning home he was admitted to the bar of 
 Tioga county, and in connection with liis other business affairs, has since practiced 
 his profession at Osceola. In Jlarcli, isiu;, he. was admitted to the United States 
 district court. 
 
 Having a taste for politics, Mr. Tubbs served as transcribing clerk of the House 
 of Kepreseiilalivt'S, Harrisburg, during tbe session of isilli, and took an active part 
 in caucuses, conventions and elections of the Republican party. In 1876 and Ih'h 
 he was presiiliiiff ollicer of the l\e.publican county convention, and in 187.S and 1880 
 he stumped the county for his ]iart_v. In the latter year he was noininatcil without 
 opposition as one of the representatives of Tioga county in the legislature and was 
 elected. During the session of 1881 he served upon the judiciarj', elections, federal 
 relations and judicial ajiportioninent committees, and was appointed by (iovemor 
 lloyt a member of the comiiiis>ions on prisons. He was re-elected to the House in 
 IHH^, thus serving two terms in that IkhIv. In lsT9, 188;i and l.'^'.ll he represented 
 'i'ioga county in the Republican State Conventions, and for many years has been 
 a prominent factor in the local councils of his party. 
 
 Since 1888 ^[r. Tubbs has been a director of the Wellsborough National Bank; 
 has served as a trustee of the State Hospital at Blo.^.slniri.'. by appointment of the 
 povemor, since ISDO, and since 18!)'2 he has been president of the Cowanesque Valley 
 Ajfrieultural Society. Oii October 22, 18T!i. he was married to S\l\ina Bacon, a 
 daugliter of Ard Hoyt and Liicinda (Murdock) Bacon, and has om son, Warren. 
 In 1891 ^^^. Tubbs was admitted a member of the Pennsylvania Society S.ns of the 
 Revolution. In 18!i4 he nuide a tour of Europe with his family, and when Lycoming 
 county celebrated her centennial, in July, 189."), he was invited as one of the spc.ikirs 
 on that occasion, and delivered an historical oration relating to the northwestern part 
 
172 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of her original territory. Mr. Tubbs has a decided taste for local history and 
 genealogy, and has collected one of the largest and most valuable historical private 
 libraries in Pennsylvania. His published works are the histories of Deerfield, 
 Knoxville and Osceola, in 1883; "Osceola in the War of the Kebellion," published in 
 1885, and "Lycoming Centennial," in 1896. 
 
 John C. Hoeton was born at Spring Mills, Allegany county, New York, April 
 1, 1843. He was educated at Spring Mills Academy in his native county, Lewis- 
 ville Academy, Potter county, and Union Academy, Tioga county. He read law one 
 year with George W. Eyon at Lawrenceville, finished his studies with Hon. Charles 
 H. Seymour at Tioga, and was admitted to the bar at Wellsboro in August, 1868. 
 He located in Blossburg. He was a notary public from 1870 to 1876, and served 
 several years as clerk of the borough council. 
 
 David Cameeon was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to Pennsylvania 
 with his parents in 1848, when he was about ten years of age. The family settled at 
 Blossburg, Tioga county, where David worked in the mines with his father and later 
 in the Morris Eun mines. He was educated in the common schools, subsequently 
 spent one year at Wellsboro Academy and two years at Mansfield State Normal. 
 While a student in the latter institution he taught mathematics, and also taught 
 the schools of Morris Eun, Pall Brook and Mitchell's Creek, and was principal of 
 the graded school in Tioga two years. In course of time he entered the law office 
 of P. E. Smith, at Tioga, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. While attending 
 school and reading law he also worked in the mines at intervals, doing the last work 
 in that line in 1865. In 1871 he located in Wellsboro, entering into partnership 
 with Hon. John I. Mitchell in the practice of law. This relationship continued until 
 January 1, 1889, when Mr. Mitchell became president judge. Mr. Cameron was 
 appointed assistant United States attorney for the Western district of Pennsylvania, 
 by Hon. B. H. Brewster, attorney general of the United States, April 1, 1882, and 
 held the office until October 12, 1888. He was re-appointed September 1, 1890, and 
 served until October, 1893. Mr. Cameron was married October 5, 1865, to Emily 
 A. Mitchell, a daughter of Thomas K. Mitchell, of Mitchell's Creek, and grand- 
 daughter of Eiehard Mitchell, who settled at that point in 1792. Pour sons and two 
 daughters have blessed this union, all of whom are living. In polities, Mr. Cameron 
 has always been an ardent supporter of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Majoe Geoege W. Meeeick was born in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, March 27, 
 1838, and is a son of Israel Merrick, Jr., and grandson of Israel Merrick, Sr., pioneers 
 of Wellsboro. He spent his boyhood days in his native place, and was attending 
 school when the Civil War broke out. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted as a private 
 in Company H, Sixth Pennsylvania Eeserve, and served with it in th'e battle of 
 Drainsville, the Peninsular Campaign and Second Bull Eun. In 1862 he was dis- 
 charged on account of ill health. Before he had fairly recovered he recruited a 
 company for the First Battalion Pennsylvania Volunteers, six months' men, was 
 chosen captain of the company and went to the front. At the expiration of his 
 term he recruited a company for the three years' service, which was mustered in as 
 Company A, of the One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers. He 
 was subsequently commissioned major and joined the army at Cold Harbor. Major 
 Merrick was in command of the regiment in the desperate assault on Port Hell, at 
 
THE BEXCH AXD BAB. 173 
 
 Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864, and received a gunshot wound in the right 
 knee, rendering amputation of the leg necessary. This disabled him for further 
 military duty and he retired from the service. Eetumiug home he commenced 
 reading law with Hon. Henry W. WilliamB, completed his studies under W. H. 
 Smith, Esq., and was admitted to the bar in February, 1869. Major Merrick was 
 appointed postmaster of Wellsboro, January 27, 1869, a few days before his admis- 
 sion to practice, and held the oilice over thirteen years, rt-j^i;.ming June 14, 18S2, 
 to accept the nomination of the Independent Republicans for secretary of internal 
 affairs. He opened an office in Wellsboro for the practice of his profession, and has 
 since won a leading place at the bar as an honest, able and successful lawyer. In 
 the famous case of Charlotte Howell, charged with poisoning Elizabeth Knapp, 
 Major Merrick was the defendant's principal attorney. After a very excitinj: trial, 
 lasting twenty days, she was acquitted, mainly through the able and skillful dufense 
 made for her by her counsel, in politics he has been an ardent Kepublican siiuo 
 casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 18()i). Iklievinf: in the open self-rule 
 of the party, he has taken no part in party nianafreinent, but in public discii-sions 
 of principles and policies he haa been active and influential. Major Merrick was 
 married in November, 1868, to Jliss lone Butterworth, a nieee of Daviil Wilraot. ( )f 
 four children born to them, one daughter, lionise VVilmot Merrick, survives. 
 
 Hon. William A. Stoxe, a son of Israel Stone, was bom in lielmar township, 
 Tioga county, April 18, 18 Id, and was reared on his father's farm in Delmar. In 
 the history of Mr. Stone we have a strikinji illustration of the ]>ossit>ilities of 
 American youth. When the war broke out he enlisted at the age of seventeen in 
 Company A, One Hundred and l'jf;lity-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was 
 mustered out in 1865 ns a second lieutenant. He was ambitious for an education, 
 but did not have sufficient means. Professor AlNm, principal of the Mansfield 
 State Normal School, afforded him tlie opportunity, and he graduated with liifjli 
 honor in 1868. In October of the same year he was chosen principal of the Wells- 
 boro Academy and taught that school two terms, receiving a salary of ■•.'i;ii(;,(;t> and 
 the tuition bills." While engajred in teaching' he commenced reading law under 
 (he direction of Hon. Stephen I'. Wilson and Hon. Jerome B. Niles, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in August, ISTO. In IST'.' he was appointed transcribing clerk 
 in the House of ]{e[ncsentatives, Hanisburg. In 1874 he was a candidate for 
 district attorney of Tioga county, and received 3,000 votes out of 3,500 cast, but 
 resigned at the close of 1876 and removed to Allcirheny for the purpose of seeking 
 a broader ))rofessional field. In January, 1877, when he located in Allegheny, he 
 was comparatively unknown, hut jjood I'ortune favored him and it was not long until 
 he had a very fair clientafze and had been enKa'jed in the trial of several important 
 suits. Soon after this he was appointed United States jurj' commissioner. In ISSO 
 he was ap])()inted liy President Hayes United States district attorney for the Western 
 District of Pennsylvania. After serving four years he was re-appointed by President 
 .\rthur. During the gubernatorial (ampai'rn of 1886, notwithstanding President 
 Cleveland's instructions to office holders, Mr. Stone took the stump for (Jeneral 
 Bonver and made speeches in the counties bordering on .\llegheny. I'or doing this 
 the President removed him. October 17, ISSii, for '•pernicious activity." This 
 removal attracted national attention and evoked much discussion, ilr. Smne re- 
 
2^74 HISTOBY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 sumed his law practice and gave it close attention until June, 1890, -when he was 
 nominated for Congress in the Twenty-third district. He was elected; has been 
 re-elected twice in succession, and is the present representatiive from that district. 
 He is the tallest member of the Pennsylvania congressional delegation, standing six 
 feet and four inches, and is also one of its ablest members. His genial disposition has 
 won for him a host of warm friends, who regard him as one of the coming men of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 James Hitntingtok Bosaed was born in Osceola, Tioga county, April 31, 
 1845, and spent his boyhood days in his native place. During his youth he was 
 employed on the farm and in his father's brickyard. He received his primary edu- 
 cation in the common schools of the village, later attended the Wellsboro and Union 
 Academies, and graduated from the Mansfield State Normal School in 1866. He 
 taught school a few years, during which time he was principal of the Addison 
 Academy, and also taught a select school in Osceola. In 1867 he became a law 
 student in the office of Hon. Mortimer P. Elliott, of Wellsboro, and was admitted 
 to the bar of Tioga county in August, 1870. Entering into partnership with his 
 preceptor, he remained with him until 1875, after which he practiced at Wellsboro 
 by himself for a few years. In 1879 he removed to Grand Forks, North Dakota, 
 where he still resides and is actively engaged in the duties of his profession. In 
 1872 Mr. Bosard married Rebecca Merrick Eaulkner, of Erie county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Augustus Redfibld was born November 6, 1826, in the town of Cato, Cayuga 
 county. New York, and was educated at Moravia in that State. He enlisted and 
 served through the entire War of the Eebellion. Locating in Wellsboro, he studied 
 law under the direction of Major George W. Merrick, and was admitted to the bar 
 August 28, 1871. Settling in Lawrenceville, he became editor of the Herald of 
 that place. He now resides in Covington. He has served several terms as a Justice 
 of the peace. 
 
 Chaeles L. Peck was born in Earmington township, and received his education 
 in the common schools and at Union Academy and Osceola High School. He 
 studied law with Hon. Mortimer P. Elliott, was admitted to the bar and practiced 
 at Knoxville from 1872 to 1876. 
 
 James V. Leach, a member of the bar, founded the Westfield Index April 17, 
 1873, but owing to poor health he suspended publication July 8, 1874, and died in 
 the early part of 1875. 
 
 Hon-. Hoeace B. Packee is a native of Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, and is the 
 only living child of Dr. Nelson Packer. He was reared in his native town and 
 obtained his education in Wellsboro Academy and Alfred University, New York. 
 He studied law with Wilson & Niles, and was admitted to practice August 26, 1873. 
 Since his admission to the bar he has continued in the active duties of his profession. 
 In 1876 he was appointed district attorney, on petition of every member of the bar, 
 to succeed Hon. William A. Stone, resigned, and in 1877 he was elected as his own 
 successor, filling the office four years. From early manhood Mr. Packer evinced a 
 deep interest in politics and for many years he has been one of the leaders of the 
 EepubHcan party in Tioga county. In the fall of 1884 he was elected to the legisla- 
 ture and was re-elected in 1886, serving in the sessions of 1885 and 1887. In 1888 
 he was elected to the Senate, from the Twenty-fifth senatorial district. 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. I7; 
 
 composed of the counties of Tioga, Potter and McKean, and sensed in that body 
 four years. While in the House Mr. Packer was chairman of the congressional 
 committee and is the author of the present apportionment law. He framed and 
 introduced the bill, which subsequently became a law, providing for cottage hospitals 
 in the bituminous coal regions of the State. He is also the author of the civil pro- 
 cedure bill, which became a law in 1887. During his terms in both the House and 
 Senate, he took a prominent and active part in behalf of educational matters. In 
 1894 he was the choice of his party in Tioga and Lycoming counties for Congress, 
 but after a long struggle and failure of a majority of the conferees to agree on a can- 
 didate, Mr. Packer withdrew from the contest on behalf of harmony and the good of 
 his party. In 189G he was again a candidate for Congress and after a hard fight won 
 the nomination. He was elected by a plurality of 6,391, carrying every county in 
 the district, his plurality in Tioga being .'J,018 — the largest this county ever gave for 
 a congressioiiiil candidate. j\Ir. Packer has presided at two state conventions and 
 is one of the best known Republicans in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 JoHX W'lLLJA.M iM ATHEK was horn in luindce, Yates enunty. New York, Xo- 
 vember 5, 1847, a son ol' James 11. and Lydia (Dean) Mather, natives of New York, 
 who came to this county in the Jail of isiio and settled in l^wrcnee\ ille, where the 
 father was engaged in the manufacture of fanning mills for twenty years. In 1880 
 he removed to Wellsboro, where he died in July, 188."i. His widow is still a resident 
 of Wellsboro. The subject of this sketch was educated in the piililic schools of 
 Lawrenceville and under Rev. Sidney ]\Iills, a private tutor. He later attended the 
 State Normal School at Mansfield, i,n-a(lunted from tiiat institution in the class of 
 1871, and subsequently taught school for several terms. Mr. Mather na'l law with 
 Elliott & Bosard, of Wellslioro, and was admitted to the bar of Tio^a county Anj^ust 
 86, 1873. In 1878 he was admitcd to [inutiee in the adjciinim,' counties, and in 
 Jlay, ISSI, to the Supreme Court of tlie State. ^Ir. Mather has sinee been cnga^'ed 
 in the active duties of his profession and is one of the well-known lawyers of Wells- 
 boro. He has always given an unwavering; support to the Republican party, and in 
 1883 he was appointed deputy United States marshal of tlie Western distriet of 
 Pennsylvania, and served until May, 1885. In 188i'. he was elected district attorney 
 and filled that office one term. In December, 18'.)v\ I'niteil States Attorney (limral 
 W. W. Miller appointed him to a position in the department of justice at Washfng- 
 ton, which he filled until the change of administration. Sinee 1878 Mr. Mather 
 has been secretary of the Farmers' Agricultural Society of Tioga county, and he is 
 also a member of the Wellsboro ilanufacturing and Building Company. On October 
 27, 187."i, he mnrricd Mary Houghton, a daughter of Ferris Houghton, whose father 
 was one of the pioneers of Delmar township. Four children have been bom to this 
 union: Claude, Ceor^'e W.. Stella and James H. 
 
 KzR.\ r.KS'EniCT YoiNd was born in Springfield township, Bradford county. 
 Peiinsylvanin. October 21, 18 K!. and was educated in the common schools, the Sus- 
 quehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda. and the State Normal School, at !>fans- 
 tlold, from which he graduated in 18t;8. .-\fter teaching three years in Bradford 
 and Juniata counties, he entered the law office of Hon. .Tohn T. Mitchell, of Wells- 
 boro, as a law student, teaching school in the meantime. In .\pril. 1^7 1, he was 
 
176 HISTOET OF TIOGA. COUNTY. 
 
 admitted to the bar. He has, however, devoted but little time to practice, being 
 interested in other business enterprises. 
 
 Laueen H. Tuttlb was born in the borough of Tioga, March 29, 1848. He 
 was educated in the common schools and at Staxkey Seminary, Yates county. New 
 York. He studied law with Frederick E. Smith and Charles H. Seymour, of Tioga, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1874. He opened an office in Tioga and practiced 
 until about 1885, when he removed to Addison, New York. 
 
 P. E. Watkous, son of James and B. A. Watrous, both natives of Connecticut, 
 was born in Windsor, Broome county. New York, April 4, 1851, and is one of eight 
 children, viz: John, who died in 1856, aged sixteen years; Henry, a resident of 
 Gaines township; F. E., the subject of this sketch; Arthur, a resident of Forest 
 Grove, Oregon; Charles, who died in 1863; Sarah, wife of Jesse Locke, of Wellsboro; 
 Jennie, deceased wife of J. H. Wood, of Gaines township, and Emma A., wife of H. 
 M. Foote, an attorney of Washington, D. C. In 1851 Mr. Watrous' parents removed 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled on Elk run, in Gaines township, where his 
 father still resides, being now eighty-five years of age. His mother died in 1882, 
 aged sixty-eight years. Mr. Watrous was reared to manhood in Gaines township, and 
 was educated in the common schools, the State Normal School at Mansfield and the 
 commercial college at Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1873 he began the study of law 
 at Knoxville, under the preceptorship of Hon. Mortimer F. Elliott. The following 
 year he came to Wellsboro and entered Mr. Elliott's office, where he continued his 
 studies until his admission to the bar in January, 1876. In 1879 he became a partner 
 of Mr. Elliott, the firm becoming Elliott & Watrous. This partnership still exists, 
 although, owing to Mr. Elliott's constant absence from the borough in the discharge 
 of his duties as attorney for the Standard Oil Company, the business of the firm is 
 practically attended to by Mr. Watrous. On March 24, 1876, Mr. Watrous married 
 Fanny Shore, a daughter of Daniel and Eebecca Shore, of Knoxville. They have 
 an adopted daughter, Margaret. In polities Mr. Watrous is a Eepublican. Though 
 loyal to and interested in the success of the principles of the party, he has never held 
 office. He is a member of Ossea Lodge, No. 317, P. & A. M., and of Tyagaghton 
 Commandery, No. 28, K. T. Mr. Watrous practices in the state and United States 
 courts. His inclination being in the direction of civil, rather than criminal practice, 
 he has confined himself to the former, and has achieved a well-earned reputation as 
 a careful, methodical and painstaking attorney, especially in intricate commercial 
 cases and in the settlement of estates. Equipped with a good legal mind, he has by 
 unremitting study and hard work risen to a prominent and honorable place as a mem- 
 ber of the bar of Tioga county. 
 
 Henet M. Foote was bom in Chenango county. New York, in 1846, and was 
 educated in the common schools and Wellsboro Academy. His father, Dr. Ira A. 
 Foote, was the first homeopathic physician to locate in Wellsboro, where he practiced 
 from 1849 to 1851, when he removed to Carpenterville, New York. In 1864, while 
 a student in the academy, Henry M. enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers at the organization of that regiment, and remained in ser- 
 vice until the close of the war. On his return home he read law with Hon. John I. 
 Mitchell and David Cameron, and was admitted to the bar February 1, 1876. He 
 opened an office in Wellsboro and began the practice of his profession. In 1880 he 
 
^«^^ 
 
THE BE.N'CH AND BAB. 
 
 was elected district attorney and sen-ed a term of three years with credit. In liis-t 
 he was elected to the legislature, and was re-elected in lSs6. In ISSO he was ap- 
 pointed an assistant attorney in the department of justice under Attorney General 
 Miller and served in that capacity up to ls93. He has since continued to practice 
 in W'ashington, but retains his residence in Wellsboro. 
 
 T. C. Sandebs was bom in the town of Clarksville, Allegheny county, Xew 
 York. He spent about five years in the university at Alfred in his native county 
 and graduated in 1861. He served the first two years of the Rebellion in the army, 
 and when he returned he located at Westfield in 1863. After studying law he was 
 admitted to the bar of Tioga county February 2, 18T0, and in 1ST9 he entered into 
 partnership with Hon. Butler B. Strang, and that relation continued until the death 
 of the latter. Soon after this Mr. Sanders removed to Dakota. 
 
 Hen BY W. Roland, deceased, was bom in Delmar township, December 7, 
 1818, and was reared on a farm. He was educated in the common schools and 
 Wellsboro Academy. He read law with Hon. William A. Stone and was admitted 
 at Wellsboro at the August tenn, 1876. In October following he opened a law and 
 insurance office in Blossburg. He frequently served as boroufjh cliTk, and in 1680 
 he was appointed United States census marshal. 
 
 John Oemerod was a member of the bar in 18.7, and had an office at Knox- 
 ville. He came from Potter county, but returned to ('uuders]xjrt in 1881, where lie 
 is still practicing his profession. 
 
 John S. Ryon, only son of Harris T. Kynn, was born in Nelson township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1847, and was educated in the Osceola 
 High School and the State Normal School at Manslinld. He began the study of law 
 in 1875 with Major George W. Merrick, of Wellsboro, and was admitted to tlic Tioga 
 county bar in the spring of 1877. He located in Klkland, where he has since re- 
 sided and practiced his profession, being also identified with a number of business 
 enterprises in that borough. In 1881 he was admitted to the Potter county bar: to 
 the United Slates court in 1886, and to the Supreme Court of Penn-^vlvania in IS'.IL 
 On January 13, 1869. lie married Maria Hollis, a daughter of William and Maria 
 Ilollis, of Steuben county. New York, and has two children, Emma and Harry. Mr. 
 Ryon is a staunch Democrat, and in 1884 was a candidate for representative and 
 ran several hundred votes ahead of his ticket. In 188G he was appointed postmaster 
 of lllkland by President Clovt'lnnd, and held that office three years. He is a member 
 of the Presbyterian church, and also of the I. 0. 0. F., and is recognized as one 
 of the progressive citizens of Elkland. 
 
 Darius L. Deane, a son of I'rastus P. Deane, was born in Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, January- 22. IS 10. He was reared upon the homestead farm, and re- 
 ceived a common school, academical and commercial college education. He afterwards 
 studied and practiced surveying with his father, also assisted in the farm duties, until 
 1863, when he enlisted in Company A, First Battalion, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and later enlisted in Company K, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers. He participated in the recapture of I'nrt Steadman and the capture of 
 Petersburg, where he was severely wounded. After shattering his left arm near 
 the shoulder, the bullet lodged in the left breast, and amputation of the arm re- 
 
 12 
 
178 HISTORY or TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 suited. Mr. Deane was honorably discharged June 23, 1865, with the rank of ser- 
 geant major, and returned to his home in Tioga county. In the fall of 1866 he 
 was elected register and recorder of the county, was re-elected in 1869, and again 
 in 1872, filling that position nine consecutive years. In 1876 he commenced the 
 study of law with Elliott & Watrous, of Wellsboro, and was admitted to the bar of 
 Tioga county in the fall of 1878, since which time he has practiced his profession 
 and followed surveying. Mr. Deane was married December 14, 1869, to Barbara L. 
 Sturrock, a daughter of David and Jane Sturrock, of Wellsboro, and has had one 
 son, Arthur "W., who died when seven years of age. They afterwards adopted Allen 
 B., a son of Jerome and Mary Bowers, of Horseheads, New York. Politically, Mr. 
 Deane is a Eepublican, and besides his three terms as register and recorder, he has 
 fiUed the ofEces of school director, burgess and assessor one term each, and has 
 served three terms in the council. He is a member of George Cook Post, No. 315, 
 G. A. E., and both he and wife are adherents of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 S. Fowler Chaknell was born in Canton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 November 21, 1848, and is a son of William T. and Sarah J. (Wright) Channell, the 
 former a native of New Hampshire, and the latter of Bradford county. They reared 
 a family of five children, named as follows: S. Powler; Mary J., wife of C. 0. Eock- 
 well, of Eoaring Branch; Dudley B., a physician of Washington; Frank J., of 
 Canton, Bradford county, and Leon S., a lawyer of Mansfield, Tioga county. The 
 parents are residents of Canton, Bradford county, where his father is engaged in 
 farming. The subject of this sketch obtained a good education in the public schools 
 of Bradford county, later clerked four years in a dry goods store in Canton, and then 
 spent two years at Lafayette College. In the autumn of 1877 he commenced the 
 study of law in the ofiice of Hon. Henry Sherwood, of Wellsboro, and was admitted 
 to the bar in January, 1880. He immediately opened an ofiice in Wellsboro for the 
 practice of his profession, and continued alone until 1884, when he formed a partner- 
 ship with H. M. Foote, which existed until the fall of 1889, at which time Mr. Foote 
 removed to Washington, D. C. Mr. Channell was married September 19, 1888, to 
 Lizzie M. Fairman, and has one son, Malcolm F. The family attend the Presby- 
 terian church. In polities, Mr. Channell is one of the most active Eepublicans in 
 the county. From 1884 to 1887 he was the legal adviser for the county commis- 
 sioners, and for four years was secretary of the school board, and was president of 
 the same body for two years. In February, 1897, he was elected burgess of Wells- 
 boro. He enjoys a good law practice, which he has gradually built up during 
 the past seventeen years. 
 
 H. L. Baldwin was born September 29, 1845, at Medina, Ohio, and was 
 educated at Franklin Industrial Institute, Cooperstown, New York, and at the State 
 Normal School at Mansfield. From 1871 to 1878 he taught school at Lawrence- 
 ville and Tioga. After reading law under the preceptorship of Frederick E. 
 Smith, of the latter place, he was admitted to the bar in 1880. He located at 
 Tioga, where he is still practicing his profession. 
 
 John T. Gear was born at Pittsford, Monroe county, New York, October 4, 
 1854, and is a son of John and Mary A. (White) Gear, natives of England. His 
 parents came to the United States about 1844, and located in Monroe county. New 
 York, where his father had charge of the hot houses of Daniel lies, a prominent 
 
THE BENCH AKD BAB. 179 
 
 florist of that county, for several years. He later engaged in farming near Friend- 
 ship, Allegany county. New York, where he still resides, practically retired, though 
 overseeing the duties of his farm. The subject of this sketch received an academical 
 education at Friendship, Xew York. In 1873 he located in Potter county, Penn- 
 sylvania, where he was engaged four summers in the cheese business, and taught 
 school during the winter seasons. In 1879 he began the study of law in the office 
 of L. H. Cobb, Esq., of Coudersport, and was admitted to the Potter county bar in 
 June, 1881, and to the bar of Tioga county at the December term of the same year. 
 In 1881 he located at Klnoxville, Tioga county, where he has since been engaged in 
 the active duties of his profession. Mr. Gear was married St-ptember 14, 1877, to 
 Eva Darling, a daughter of Thaddeus and Amelia (Nelson) Darling, of Allegln'ny 
 township, Potter county, Pennsylvania, and has one son, T. Fay. In politiis, Mr. 
 Gear is a Kepublican, takes an active interest in political affairs, and has held various 
 local offices in Knoxville, including two terms as burgess of the borough. 
 
 EoBEHT Kennedy Young, eldest son of Hon. Hugh Voung, the well-known 
 bank examiner, was born in Wellsboro, June 1 1, 18G1. lie wa.s educated in the 
 schools of his native town and at a private school in Concord, Xew Hanijishire. 
 Eetuming home he read law with Major (Jeorge W. Merriek, and was admitted to 
 the bar in August, 1884. Soon after his admission he visited Europe and sjient 
 some time in England, Ireland, Scotland and France, lie remained for a period at 
 Killyleagh, County Down, Ireland, the birthplace of his father, en^'iij;eil in visiting 
 relatives. On his return to Wellsboro Mr. Young resumed his jjrofessioual duties 
 and has since become well known over the county as a member of the law finn of 
 Merrick & Young. Mr. Young was married October •.':!, IS'.Mi, to Emma Van 
 Mater, of Eed Bank, New Jersey. In politics he is a Kepuljlican. In October, 1890, 
 lie was appointed a justice of the peace to fill a vacancy,- and the following spring he 
 was elected for a full term. He resigned in the spring of 1896, and was subse- 
 quently chosen as one of the llepublican candidates for the legislature, to which 
 position he was elected by a handsome majority. Mr. Young was one of the five 
 original promoters and first directors of the Wellsborough Electric Company and 
 has acted as counsel and business manager of the enterprise since its inception. 
 
 Alfred Jones Siiattuck was born in Corning, Xew York, October .', is.")!", a 
 son of Levi H. and Sarah (Pack) Shattuck, who came to Tioga county in ls(;t; and 
 located in Blossburg. After obtaining a common school education, Alfred .1. en- 
 tered the State Normal School at Mansfield, graduating from that instittition in 
 1877, and from Lafayette College in 1881. He then accepted a position as pa_\Tna8ter 
 on the Amot and Pine Creek railroad, which he occupied a year and a half. In the 
 fall of ISSV' he entered the law office of Elliott & Watrous, of Wellsboro, and after 
 dilifrent study was admitted to practice August 26, 18S4, and opened his present 
 office January 1, 1885. Mr. Shattuck is a staunch Republican, and was elected 
 borougli clerk in Marcli, 1SS9, which position he has filled continuously up to the 
 present. He has been a notary public since March 11, 188."), and was chairman of 
 the Republican county committee for the year ISOl. On January 6, 1S86, ^fr. 
 Shattuck married Emma M. Purjile. a daughter of E. J. and Rachel .\. Purple, and 
 has one son, Levi H. 
 
 Aaron R. Nimcs, eldest son of Gen. .Teromo B. Xiles, was bom in Mi'MMury 
 
180 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 township, October 3, 1860. He received his education in the High School of Wells- 
 boro, and then spent a year at Lafayette College. He read law under the direction 
 of his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1884. Mr. Niles married a daughter 
 of the late Gov. Thomas L. Young, of Cincinnati, Ohio. He resides in Wellsboro 
 and is associated with his father in the practice of his profession. In March, 1897, 
 Mr. Mies was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the Cottage State Hos- 
 pital, at Blossburg. 
 
 B. M. PoTTEE, a son of Jerome B. Potter, was born at Cherry Plats, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1862, and was educated in the Wellsboro High 
 School, from which he graduated in 1876, and Cook Academy, Havana, New York, 
 graduating in 1879. In 1883 he began studying law under Jerome B. Niles, and 
 completed his studies with Mitchell & Cameron. He was admitted to practice in 
 1884. From 1891 to 1894 he resided and practiced in Washington, D. C, since 
 which time he has pursued his profession in Wellsboro. He was elected a justice of 
 the peace in February, 1896. 
 
 Haetey B. Leach is the only child of Myron and Emeline (Colgrove) Leach, 
 and was born in Chatham township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1860. His 
 paternal grandfather. Dr. Harvey Leach, was one of the early settlers and pioneer 
 physicians of Chatham township. He located at Shortsville early in the thirties, 
 and practiced medicine until his death in 1863. His practice was an extensive one, 
 both in Tioga and Potter counties, and he was recognized as one of the leading phy- 
 sicians of this section of Pennsylvania. Myron Leach died October 18, 1895. His 
 widow resides cm the homestead farm in Chatham township. Harvey B. passed the 
 first twenty years of his life on the old homestead. During this period he received 
 the rudiments of an English education in the common schools and gained a practical 
 knowledge of agriculture by assisting in the work of the farm. In the summer of 
 1880 he went to Monroe county, ISTew York, and worked several months on a farm. 
 During the winter of 1880-81 he attended the Wellsboro Academy. In September, 
 1881, he became a student of the State Normal School, at Mansfield, from which he 
 graduated in the spring of 1883. He taught the graded school at Little Marsh dur- 
 ing the winter months. In the summer of 1884 he began the study of law in the oflSce 
 of Henry Sherwood & Son, of AVellsboro. He was admitted to the bar in the spring 
 of 1886, and immediately began practice by entering into partnership with Harvey 
 Blackburn, of Wellsboro, the firm being Blackburn & Leach. At the end of six 
 months the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent, and September 30, 1886, 
 Mr. Leach removed to Blossburg and began practice for himself. In the interveniag 
 years, by close application and successful work in the courts, he has built up a lucra- 
 tive practice, and achieved deserved recognition at the bar of Tioga county. In No- 
 vember, 1889, he was elected district attorney, and acceptably discharged the duties 
 of that office for three years. He has also served as a member of Blossburg school 
 board. In March, 1897, he returned to Wellsboro, where he expects to find a wider 
 field for the prosecution of his profession. Mr. Leach was married November 16, 
 1886, to Irene L. Wheeler, a daughter of Julius C. and Emily E. Wheeler, of Wells- 
 boro. To this union three children have been born, viz: Earl, Myrtle, deceased, and 
 Walter. In politics Mr. Leach is an ardent Eepublican, and has labored earnestly 
 for the success of the principles and doctrines of that party. 
 
 ^..;^ 
 
THE BENCH AXD BAB. Jgl 
 
 Hox. Walteb T. Mebeick, a son of Jacob B. Merrick, a grandson of Isaac 
 Merrick and great grandson of Israel Merrick, Sr., was bom in Charieston township, 
 Tioga county, June 12, 1859. During the residence of his parents in the various 
 places where his father practiced dentistry, Walter T. attended the public schools. 
 He graduated from Grammar school, No. 2, Elmira, New York, in 1876, and subse- 
 quently took a course at the Elmira Free Academy, and the State Normal School at 
 Mansfield. After his father's death he adopted dentistry as his profession, removing 
 to Blossburg and practicing there with his brother, D. 0. Merrick. In 1881 he went 
 to Tioga and began reading law in the office of Charles H. Seymour, but his studies 
 were interrupted by the death of his perceptor, and he embarked in the real estate 
 business, in which he continued until 1885. From February, 1884, to October, 188.'), 
 he filled the secretaryship of Tioga borough. In the latter vear he went to Wellsboro 
 and there resumed the reading of law in the office of Merrick & Young. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1886, and immediately returned to IMcjssburg and began the 
 practice of his profession. In 1892 he received the Republican nomination for the 
 legislature, and was elected to that position, leading the ticket, and was re-elected in 
 1894. During the last session of the legislature, he served on the following im- 
 portant committees: Appropriations, agriculture, congressional apportionment, 
 corporations, and education, and was reco;,'iuze(] as an able and etlicicnt number in 
 the committee room, and one of the leaders on the floor of the House. Mr. Merrick 
 served in the Republican State Convention of 1894, voted for Hastin^'s for governor, 
 and seconded the nomination of Jack Robinson for lieutenant governor. Though a 
 comparatively young man, Mr. Merrick is recognized as one of the leading spirits of 
 the Republican party in Tioga county. Believing in the principles of his party, he 
 has worked earnestly to secure their success at tiie polls. .\s a legislator he has en- 
 deavored to serve not only the people of his county, but of the entire State, and that 
 the popularity he enjoys is not confined to Tioga county was manifested in April, 
 1896, when he received the nomination for state senator without opposition in his 
 native county. The following August, at the fourth meeting of the senatorial con- 
 ference, at Coudersport, he was unanimously nominated, and on November 3d was 
 elected by a gratifying majority. 
 
 Hkn'ry a. Ashton was born in Livingston county, New York, August 27, 
 18G0, and is the youngest son of Norman A. Ashton. He was four years old when 
 his parents came to Tioga county, and he obtained his education in the common 
 district school of Chatham township, graded school of Elkland, and public school of 
 Wellsboro. He taught a term of school and then entered the store of Justus Dear- 
 man, of Knoxville, Pennsylvania, after wliose death he clerked for Albert Dearman 
 until April, 1883, when he opened a store at Little Marsh, in partnership with C. E. 
 Philbrick, which continued until the following September. His partner's interest 
 was then purchased by Joseph II. Ferris, and the firm of Ashton & Ferris continued 
 until 188.">, when Jlr. Ferris was elected sheriff of Tioga county. The store was then 
 sold and our subject began the study of law with Peek & Scovill, of Couders[>ort. 
 He was admitted to tlie bar in Sejitemljer, 188T, and to the Tioga county bar in De- 
 cember following, since which time ho has been located at Knoxville. Mr. Ashton 
 was married May 22, ]8S;i. to ^liniiie L. Ilo|>kins, a daughter of Clicster and Mary K. 
 (Blackinan) Hopkins, of Knoxville, and has one son, Chester H. Hi is one of the 
 
182 HISTOEX OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 leading Democrats of his locality, and in 1889 -was the nominee of his party for dis- 
 trict attorney, and received a full party vote. On October 31, 1893, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Cleveland postmaster of Knoxville, which office he still holds, 
 but also continues the practice of law. He has served as assessor of Knoxville for 
 six years, auditor three years, and town clerk and borough counsel for eight years. 
 Mr. Ashton has been a member of the Democratic county committee for several years, 
 was chairman of that body in 1895 and 1896, and still holds the position. 
 
 W. L. Sheaeek, the editor of the Bepublican Advocate, "Wellsboro, was admitted 
 to practice in 1886. After practicing a few months he engaged in the newspaper 
 busiaess to which he has since devoted his entire attention. 
 
 James H. Matson, a son of Edwin Matson, Sr., of Delmar, was admitted to the 
 bar May, 4, 1880, practiced in Wellsboro for a period, and was district attorney three 
 years. He was also associated with W. L. Shearer in the publication of the Bepub- 
 lican Advocate, of which he was editor from 1886 to 1891. He died in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, March 14, 1897. 
 
 D. C. Haehowee, a son of Hon. G. T. Harrower, of Lawrenceville, was admitted 
 November 30, 1887, and practiced in Lawrenceville until 1894, when he removed to 
 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Edwaed Howland Owlett, youngest son of Gilbert B. Owlett, Sr., was born 
 in Chatham township, Tioga county, November 23, 1859. His early life was passed 
 upon his father's farm, and his primary education was obtained in the neighboring 
 district school. Later he spent a year at the State Normal School, Mansfield, and 
 was graduated from the Central State Normal School, at Lock Haven, in 1883. The 
 three succeeding years were spent in teaching, after which he went to Wellsboro and 
 entered the ofiice of Hon. Henry Sherwood & Son, as a law student. He was admitted 
 to the bar of Tioga county in April, 1888, and in December, of the same year, formed 
 the present partnership of Sherwood & Owlett. Mr. Owlett was married Septem- 
 ber 8, 1891, to Miss Ida Wells, a daughter of Charles E. Wells, of Ulster, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has two children, Gilbert M. and Cora. In politics, he is a Eepublican, 
 was elected to the office of district attorney in 1893, and filled the position a fuU 
 term of three years. Pie is one of the well-known and popular members of the bar, 
 and the firm of Sherwood & Owlett enjoys a good practice and an honorable place 
 among the legal fraternity. 
 
 Peedbeick Bigelow Smith was born in Tioga borough, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, April 3, 1863. He was educated in the High School, Tioga; Kinney and 
 Cascidilla preparatory schools, Ithaca, New York, and Cornell University. He 
 studied law in Tioga under his father, Frederick E. Smith, entered the law depart- 
 ment of Columbia College, New York City, in 1886, and graduated in 1888, with the 
 degree of A. B. He was admitted to the bar of Tioga county in 1888, and the State 
 Supreme Court in 1893. In October, 1889, he began the practice of his profession 
 in Tioga, where he still resides. Mr. Smith is a Eepublican in politics and is popular 
 with the people of the county. In November, 1896, he was elected one of the rep- 
 resentatives of the county in the state legislature. 
 
 Andeevt B. Dunsmgee was born in Morris Eun, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 January 4, 1866, and is the seventh in a family of thirteen children, eight of whom 
 are living. His father, John Dunsmore, a native of Carnbrae, Lanarkshire, Scot- 
 
THE BEXCH AXD BAB. 183 
 
 land, came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1852, where he married Janet Baird. 
 He followed his previous occupation of a coal miner, and was superintendent of mines 
 at Amot, Tioga county, for the Blossburg Coal Company, from its organization 
 until 1876, when he purchased a farm in Covington township and followed agricul- 
 ture four years. He then accepted his former position with the Blossburg Coal 
 Company, which he held until 1885, when he returned to his farm in Covington. 
 Two years later he accepted the position of general superintendent for the Bloom- 
 ington Mining Company, at Glen Richey, Pennsylvania, where he died ilarch 30, 
 1895. Andrew B. was educated in the common schools of Blossljiirg, later attended 
 the State Normal School at ilansfield, and graduated in the class of 1884. The 
 following year he took a scientific course in the same institution. He next served 
 eighteen months as principal of the Amot public schools, and then s]>ent two years 
 on his father's farm. In the winter of 1887 he entered the law office of Mitchell & 
 Cameron, of Wellsboro, where he applied himself diligently to the study of law, and 
 was admitted to the bar of Tioga county in November, 18S0. He practiced with 
 David Cameron until the fall of 1893, when he opened his present office. Mr. 
 Dunsmore was married May 17, 1891, to Miss Sadie E. Ball, of Ilonesdale, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Politically, he is a Republican, and was a delegate to the Republican State 
 Convention in 1893, and the State Republican League the same year. In 1894 he 
 was chairman of the Republican county ((uniiiittee, and is one of the most active 
 workers in the party. In November, 18!)."), Mr. Dunsmore was elected district 
 attorney without opposition, and is now filling that office. 
 
 Frank H. Rockwell was bom at Cherry Flats, Tiopi county, March 3, 1865, 
 and is the only son of Silas S. Rockwell. lie was educated in the public schools 
 of his native township and the Wcllsbon^ High ScIkio], and later taught fnr several 
 terms in Tioga county. In the fall of 1889 he entered the law otlin' of Elli(jtt & 
 Watrous, was admitted to jinictice in January, 1891, and opened an oiBce in Wells- 
 boro, where he has since devoted his attention to his professional duties. On 
 November 18, 1891, he was appointed a notary public, and still acts in that capacity. 
 Mr. Rockwell married Lucy B. Bailey, a daughter of J. il. Bailey, of Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, and has two children, Emory P>. and Lora M. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Rockwell are members of the Jlethodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he 
 is a Republican. 
 
 Alfred J. Niles, second son of Gen. Jerome B. Niles, is a native of Wellsboro, 
 and was born November 27, 1866. After receiving his preparatory education in 
 the schools of his native town, he commenced reading law in his father's office. He 
 waa ^niiiluated from Harvard Ijaw School in 1891, and admitted tn the bar in '[s'.t2. 
 Receiving the appointment of assistant state bank examiner under Cnloncl Gilkeson, 
 he located in Pittsburg in 1894. In November, 1895, he was appointed assistant 
 solicitor for Pittsburg, and is now a resident of that city. 
 
 John II. Pi'tnam, son of Jonas G. and Sophia Putnam, was bom in Essex 
 county. New York, November 28, 1817. and was two years old when his parents 
 settled in Tioga. Here he grew to maturity and received a good English education, 
 studied law under Hon. John W. Cuernsey, of Tioga, and was admitted to the bar 
 of Tioga county in 1802. Ho at once commenced practice, openinj: an office in Tioga 
 
184 HISTOKT OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 borough, and has since built up a lucrative business. In 1871 Mr. Putnam married 
 Sophia Guernsey, a daughter of Hon. John W. and Susan Marriott (Morris) Guern- 
 sey. Her father was a well-known citizen of Tioga, and her mother was a daughter 
 of Judge Samuel Wells Morris, a pioneer of Wellsboro. They are the parents of 
 two children, viz: Morris Havens and Wistar Guernsey. In politics Mr. Putnam is 
 a staunch Eepublican, and has served as secretary of the borough of Tioga, and also 
 as a justice ol the peace from 1885 to 1890. He is a member of Tioga River Lodge, 
 No. 797, 1. 0. 0. F. Both he and his wife are adherents of St. Andrew's Protestant 
 Episcopal church, and he is recognized as one of the representative citizens of the 
 borough. 
 
 Chaeles N. Kimball was born September 20, 1872, in Parkville, Platte 
 county, Missouri. He received his education in the common schools, when he com- 
 menced reading law under the direction of Elliott & Watrous, Wellsboro, in August, 
 1891, and was admitted to the bar March 30, 1893. Mr. Kimball was twenty years 
 and six months old when he was admitted to practice, and so far as known is the 
 youngest man ever admitted to the bar of Tioga county. He has temporarily 
 given up practice and is now attending college. 
 
 H. F. Maesh, a previous member of the bar, has recently given up journalism 
 and returned to Wellsboro, where he is associated with Elliott & Watrous in the prac- 
 tice of law. 
 
 Leon Sevtbll Channell was born in Canton, Pennsylvania, May 23, .1868. 
 He graduated from the Canton High School in 1890, came to Wellsboro, read law 
 with his brother, S. F. Channell, and was admitted to practice in June, 1893. In 
 February, 1895, he located in Mansfield, where he has since practiced his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Douglas H. Geiffin came from Canton in April, 1895, and formed a partner- 
 ship with Leon S. Channell, at Mansfield, which continued until Mr. Griffin's death, 
 from accidental shooting, in October of the same year. He was a bright and prom- 
 ising young lawyer. 
 
 Leon B. Feeet was born in Middlebury township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, August 3, 1867, and was educated in the common schools and the State Normal 
 School at Mansfield. In 1893 he began studying law under Elliott & Watrous, and 
 was admitted to practice in June, 1895. His office is with S. F. Channell, Wellsboro. 
 
 Ernest W. Gleckler, who was admitted in April, 1895, practiced for about six 
 months. Assuming the duties of cashier of the Wellsborough National Bank, he 
 has given his entire time to them, to the exclusion of the law. 
 
 Haeet N. Sheewood, son of Walter Sherwood, and grandson of the late Hon. 
 Henry Sherwood, was bom in Wellsboro, January 1, 1871, and was educated in the 
 Wellsboro High School. In 1890 he entered the office of Sherwood & Owlett as a 
 clerk, and in 1894 became a law student in the same office. In May, 1896, he was 
 admitted to practice, thus giving, until the death of his grandfather, three' genera- 
 tions of the Sherwood family living representatives in the Tioga county bar. 
 
 William M. Kehlee was born in L9ck Haven, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1864, 
 and -was educated at Williamsport Commercial College, graduating in 1882, and the 
 State Normal School at Mansfield, from which he graduated in June, 1893. In 
 
THE BENCH AND BAH. 185 
 
 April, 1894, he became a law student in the office of Sherwood & Owlett, Wellsboro, 
 and was admitted to the bar in June, 1896. 
 
 Chakles L. Fellows was bom June 14, 1871, in Canton, Pennsylvania, and 
 vras educated in the common and in the high schools of his native town. He also took 
 a course in the commercial college at Elmira. After reading law with J. \\. Stone, of 
 Canton, he was admitted to the Bradford county bar February 10, 1896. On No- 
 vember 7, 1896, he formed a partnership with the Hon. Walter T. Merrick, of Bloss- 
 burg, and on the 24th of the same month was admitted to the Tioga county bar. 
 
 Charles H. Cornelius, who was admitted to practice December 24, 1896, is 
 the youngest member of the Tioga county bar. He is a son of the late Joseph 
 Cornelius, of Elkland, and prepared himself for admissinn in the office of Merrick 
 & Young, making an excellent record as a student. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the following named persons have been admitted 
 to practice in Tioga county: Newell F. Higgin.s, who came from L'henango county, 
 New York, practiced in Lawrenceville from 1x29 to 1831, and then removed to 
 Williamsport. Norman H. Purple, a student of Iliggins, practiced in Lawrenceville 
 until 1837, removed to Peoria, Illinois, and was afterward elected to the circuit court 
 bench. E. W. Hazard, the first lawyer to locate in ilansfield, was there before 1840, 
 and remained several years. Victor A. Elliott began practice in Mansfield, but 
 removed to Denver, Colorado, where he has since served on the circuit court bench 
 and on the bench of the Supreme Court. A. J. Webster practiced in Mansfield from 
 1870 to 1873, and B. J. Coskey from 1890 to 1S!)4. Daniel W. Baldwin, a ri.'^ing 
 young lawyer, wns admitted to the bar April "i, IH.sc, and practices his profession at 
 Westfield, as does John T. McNeil, who is also a justice of tlie peace in that borough. 
 W. IT. Smith, a former member of the bar, is a practicing attorney in Hastings, 
 Nebraska. J. C. Strang, who served as judge at Lamed, Kansas, and is now a resi- 
 dent of Takoma, Washington, and James H. Shaw, now a resident of Canton, 
 Bradford county, Pennsylvania, were formerly raemliers of the Tioga county bar. 
 
 The following named persons, though admitted to the bar, did not engage in 
 active jiractice: Robert C. Simpson, deceased, of Wellsboro; Charles L. Pattison, 
 deceased, of Elkland; Simon B. Elliott, formerly of Mansfield, and Hugh Young, 
 the veteran bank examiner. 
 
 The following are the names of the present members of the Tioga county Imr: 
 J. W. Adams, Thomas Allen, Henry A. Ashton, John N. Baehe, D. W. Baldwin, H. 
 L. Baldwin, Clark W. Beach, A. S. Brewster, Da\'id Cameron, Leon S. Channell, 
 S. F. Channell, F. W. Clark, Charles H. Comelius, D. L. Deane, A. B. Dunsmore, 
 Mortimer V. Elliott. Charles L. Fellows, Leon B. Ferry, H. M. Foote, Ernest W. 
 Gleckler, John T. Gear, Jefferson Harrison, Charles X. Kimball, S. E. Kirkendall, 
 William M. Kchler, Harvey B. Leach, H. F. :Marsh, J. W. Mather, John T. ileXeil, 
 George W. Merrick, Walter T. Memck, Jerome B. Xilcs, Aaron R. Xiles, Alfred J. 
 Xiles, iMlwani 11. Owictt, Ilomec B. Packer, Burt M. Potter. John H. Putnam, A. 
 Rcdfield, Frank H. Rockwell, Xorman II. Ryan, John S. Kyon. Wallace P. Kyon, 
 Frank I>. Stl]ili, Alfred J. Shattiick, W. Jj. Shearer, Walter Sherwood, Harry X. 
 Sherwood, !■'. B. Smiih, Charles Tiilibs. Stephen 1' Wilson, R. T. Wood, Ezra B. 
 Young and Hugh Young. 
 
186 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 THE TIOGA COUNTY BAB ASSOCIATION. 
 
 During the early part of the January term, 1883, a movement was inaugurated 
 among the members of the bar having for its outcome the organization and incor- 
 poration of an association to embrace within its membership the practicing attorneys 
 of the county. A committee, consisting of Hon. Henry Sherwood, Frederick E. 
 Smith, and Eobert C. Simpson, was appointed to consider and report upon the mat- 
 ter. The report, which in due time was submitted, is, except the formal intro- 
 duction, as follows: 
 
 It would bring the members of the court and bar into closer and more intimate per- 
 sonal relations, and thereby soften down the asperities of practice and create a kinder 
 and more courteous bearing and consideration of each toward the others. Greater at- 
 tainments in legal knowledge and a higher standard of professional ethics should be the 
 primary object, but incidentally there might be the promotion of social enjoyment. We 
 assume that the lawyer who is faithful to his clients, attentive to his practice, and 
 diligent in season and out of season, has the right to a day for himself occasionally, 
 when he may throw off the harness, kick off his clients, and let himself loose, if he 
 chooses. The members of the bar, if they work together in the court room, have the 
 right to play together, if they desire to. 
 
 The association was organized, and on February 6, 1883, duly incorporated, 
 with the following officers and members: Henry Sherwood, president; Mortimer F. 
 Elliott, vice-president; Frederick E. Smith, secretary; Horace B. Packer, treasurer, 
 and Henry Allen, E. C. Simpson and A. S. Brewster, directors. The meetings of 
 the association are held in the library room at the court house. The annual dues 
 are $3.00, the fund thus derived being used to defray expenses and purchase books. 
 The library is well supplied with standard legal works and court reports, and is being 
 added to constantly. 
 
 JOHN ¥. DONALDSON, PEOTHONOTABY AND POLITICIAN. 
 
 The history of the bench and bar of Tioga county would be incomplete without 
 appropriate mention of John F. Donaldson, so long connected with the courts in an 
 official capacity. He was born in Danville, Pennsylvania, in 1805; learned the 
 printer's trade there; came to Wellsboro in 1837, and worked in the office of the 
 Phoenix and other papers for several years. He was sent to Wellsboro by Tunison 
 Coryell, of Williamsport (who was then publishing the Lycoming Gazette), in re- 
 sponse to a request of Judge Morris, Benjamin B. Smith, and others, who, having 
 purchased a press and materials, were about to start a paper in the place of the 
 Pioneer, and wanted a competent man to take charge of it. He proved a faithful and 
 valuable man. 
 
 Joseph Eitner was elected governor in 1835, and in January, 1836, he ap- 
 pointed Mr. Donaldson prothonotary and clerk of the several courts. When Gov- 
 ernor Porter came into office he removed Donaldson and appointed A. S. Brewster 
 to succeed him. But under the Constitution of 1838 the office had been made 
 elective, and at the October election of 1839 Mr. Donaldson was elected, and on 
 the first of December he entered upon hSs duties, and continued to hold the office 
 by re-election every three years till the general election in 1873, when he was beaten 
 by Gen. Eobert C. Cox. 
 
THE BENCH AND BAB. 187 
 
 Mr. Donaldson, it will be seen, held the office one term by appointment, and 
 was elected eleven times, making thirty-six years of service, thirtj'-three of which 
 were in one unbroken chain. He held office, therefore, longer than any other man 
 in the county since its organization. Counting his services as a subordinate clerk, 
 he was for more than fifty years identified with the legal history of the county, and 
 on account of his obliging and genial disposition, his memory is still fondly cher- 
 ished by those who were brought into contact with him. 
 
 Josiah Emery, who knew him throughout his entire official career, informs us 
 that almost every other man holding so good an office so long would have become 
 rich. But he succeeded in making a living, and that was all. It is no discredit to 
 his memory to say that he went out of office poor. He ought to have become rich. 
 Let us see if we can tell why he did not. 
 
 He never refused to enter a judgment or issue a process, except in some few 
 extreme cases, because the fees were not paid. His office was an office of general 
 credit. Any man could have credit for fees if lie asked for it. It was the same with 
 regard to state taxes on writs, or entry of judgments — taxes that became a charge 
 against him personally as soon as the entry was made. Tluse fifty-cent taxes and 
 these bills for fees were individually small, and individuals who were accommodated 
 by the credit did not deem them ui much account, and many of them forgot to pay 
 — forgot, may be, that they owed tax or fee. "They are not much, if I do not pay. 
 I have done him a good many favors, have electioneered for him, have helped to Lluct 
 him, and I don't think he ex])oct8 me to pay,'' they would reason with themselves. 
 He had thousands of such fiiends; and it is true they did electioneer for him, helped 
 elect him, and it may be that it was by an interchange of these little favors he was 
 kept so long in office. 
 
 But it was not wholly by these small indindual sums that he lust. There were 
 instances where fees and taxes accumulated until they became large in amount, with 
 the tacit if not express agreement that they were to balance certain claims against 
 him, which understanding was repudiated when too late to collect on his part. 
 Mr. Donaldson was always ready to accommodate by the loan of small sums of 
 money which he could never reasonably expect to be paid. It is believed that no man 
 ever aaked him to go his bail or to endorse for him that was refused. The fact is, he 
 waa always everybody's friend, and had almost everybody's friendship in the county, 
 and the result was he was just the man in those last thirty-three years no other man 
 in the county could beat, either by a nominating convention or at an election. 
 
 If any man vnW examine the docket for the many years he was prothonotary 
 and take an account of unpaid fees and taxes, he will find still enough unpaid to 
 have made the voti'ian comparativoly rich in his old age had they been paid up. A 
 lawyer once had occasion to look them up and was surprised at the amount. The 
 auditor jjt'iioral had stated his account and found a considerable sum due from him 
 to the State. Mr. Donaldson claimed that it was wrong and asked for a re-state- 
 ment. This the auditor general refused, though Mr. Donaldson produced a receipt 
 for some $700 that had not been credited; but as this amount had been paid to the 
 attorney general of the State, and not paid over by him to the treasurer, the 
 auditor general refused to allow it, though admitting that it was rightfully chargeable 
 to the State, alleging that to credit it would be charging it to the treasurer, who 
 
188 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 had never received it. A full statement of his account, including unpaid fees and 
 this receipt of the attorney general, was made out and shown to the auditor general. 
 It was laid before the legislature, and a law was passed ordering a re-settlement of 
 his account; and when it was so settled and all errors corrected and proper allow- 
 ances made, the amount found due was promptly paid. 
 
 Prom the foregoing statement it is very clear that Mr. Donaldson was not a very 
 good business man, as the world generally understands that term, however good an 
 officer he may have been; and it is pretty evident, too, that the course he pursued, 
 showing his lack of business qualifications, helped very much to keep him for so 
 long period in office. 
 
 Mr. Donaldson had at times been a very zealous temperance man. He was one 
 of the originators of the "Sheep Skin," an association that caused, for a time, a very 
 large falling off in the receipts of the liquor dealers. At that time the temperance 
 question was an important element in politics. He was an anti-Mason in Ritner's 
 time, always at heart an anti-slavery man, and at one time a strong anti-Wilmot 
 man, but when the wave was at its height, and he and Judge White in danger of 
 being washed out to sea, they both, like prudent men, deserted their own craft, went 
 aboard the Wilmot schooner and saved their political lives. 
 
 In those days it was generally conceded that Mr. Donaldson was the shrewdest 
 political manager in Tioga county. He seemed to know, by a kind of mental 
 mathematical calculation, just how each step would affect the final result. He 
 knew, too, exactly how the nomination of Mr. B or Mr. C or Mr. D — one or all — 
 would accord with his political obligations, having in view all the while the main 
 chance. This is not said of him disparagingly. His occupancy of a position on the 
 bench of Tioga county afterwards was a fit recognition of his services as the 
 recording officer of the court for so long a time. He continued to serve as associate 
 judge until his death, which occurred very unexpectedly, February 12, 1880, when 
 he had reached the advanced age of seventy-five years. Distinguished throughout 
 his long public career for his urbanity and generosity, his death was sincerely 
 mourned by hundreds of old friends not only in the county of Tioga, but throughout 
 northern Pennsylvania. 
 
CHAPTEK XIII. 
 
 THE MEDICAL PEOFESSIOX. 
 
 Introductory— Pioneer Physicians— Their Courageous Devotion to Dltv— 
 Brief Sketches op Prominent Physicians— The First Drug Store— Sketch 
 OF Dr. Robert Roy, its Proprietor— "Brick" Pomeroy's Rpiminiscences- 
 The Tioga County Medical Association. 
 
 THE family physician, in the exercise of his duties as such, ounu's into closer 
 intimacy with his fellowmen than does the member of any other profession. There 
 is no condition of life in which his services are not required. He is present at the 
 natal coucli and at the bed of death. His mission is to cure disease, ease pain and 
 alleviate sufTering. Confiding no less in his honor than in his professional skill, we 
 freely admit him to the innermost sanctuaries of our homes, and make hira the cus- 
 todian of secrets and the repository of confidences sucii as we eommit to the keeping 
 of no one else outside the sacred precincts of the chunli. These lie must henceforth 
 keep locked within his own breast. The man worthy to receive such confidences 
 may fall short of being the most skillful of physicians, but he must not, even in the 
 slightest deforce, fall short of meeting every requirement of professional honor. 
 Whether admitted to the bedside of the young or the old, the jKior or the ricli, to the 
 hovel or the mansion, he must be a gentleman, first, last and all the time. To the 
 honor of the medical profession everywhere, be it said that the family physician, with 
 rare exceptions, is a gentleman with a high standard of [U'rsonal and professional 
 honor. 
 
 The pioneer physician, though less educated and, perhaps, less highly polished 
 than his brethren of to-day, was, nevertheless, unselfish, self-sacrificing and fearless 
 in his devotion to his professional duties. He rode at all hours of the day and night, 
 through summer's heat and winter's cold, over roads that were little more than path- 
 ways through the wilderness, willingly facing dangers and enduring personal 
 discomforts, sooner than fail in the discharge of duty or forfeit the confidence reposed 
 in him. In many instances, because of limited knowledge and a still more limited 
 supply of simple remedies, he was compelled, in waging an unequal war against 
 disease, to bring his common sense to the front, and make it do service in constantly 
 recurring emergencies. This self-reliance resulted in building up an individuality, 
 always marked, often peculiar, and occasionally eccentric. He learned to know the 
 people, their ailments and their idiosyncrasies, and this knowledge had not a little 
 to do with his success as a practitioner. As a rule, when he died he left behind him 
 an honorable name and a limited estate as the principal heritage of his descendants. 
 The physician of to-day begins practice with an equipment of medical and 
 
190 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 surgical knowledge such as it was impossible to obtain three-quarters of a century 
 ago, or for that matter less than a decade ago. The wonderful discoveries of recent 
 years, as to the cause and cure of disease, are the world-wide property of the pro- 
 fession, and the latest graduate from a reputable medical college enters the field of 
 practical effort confident in his ability, so far as knowledge goes, to battle success- 
 fully with the most insidious and complicated ailments and diseases. 
 
 Formerly the physician contented himself with dealing with diseases, whether 
 individual, epidemic or contagious, after they had manifested themselves. In 
 the meantime his field has widened, and his infiuence grown more potent. He has 
 become the conservator of public health; keeping cholera and yellow fever from our 
 seaports; preventing the spread of epidemic and contagious diseases and confining 
 them to the locality of their origin. To his efforts we owe our boards of health, 
 sanitary laws and ordinances, and those hygenie rules, that, by their observance, 
 tend to prevent disease, and thus dispense with his services. He has, in his medical 
 societies and organizations, by rules of ethics, adopted for his own guidance, and 
 by the passage of laws enacted at his solicitation, raised the standard of his pro- 
 fession, and shut out, from an opportunity to impose upon and deceive the public, 
 the unprofessional charlatan and quack. 
 
 In all civilizations the physician holds a leading place. Even among barbaric 
 and savage peoples he is a most important personage. The secrets of physical man 
 are his and the ills of the community his care. His warning voice is constantly 
 raised against excesses and his mind directed toward the alleviation of suffering in 
 every form. His profession is, indeed, a saving one, and his life generally one of 
 good works. 
 
 So far as known. Dr. William Kent Lathy is believed to have been the first 
 regular physician to visit the territory of Tioga county. He was a young English- 
 man, a graduate of the College of Surgeons, London, and came to Muncy valley 
 about the time of the formation of Lycoming county, through the recommendation 
 of the celebrated Dr. Eush, of Philadelphia. Colonel Williamson, after founding 
 Bath, made an effort to secure him as a resident physician, and invited him to visit 
 the place. Dr. Lathy made the journey, traveling over the Williamson road. There 
 were a few settlers at what are now the boroughs of Tioga and Lawrenceville. He 
 did not remain long at Bath, but returned and settled at Williamsport in 1798, and 
 became the first resident physician in that place. Dr. Lathy was acquainted with 
 the Morris and Ellis families, and afterwards married a daughter of Samuel Wallis, 
 a near neighbor of the latter. 
 
 When the English colony settled on the First fork of Pine creek, in Lycoming 
 county, about 1805, their nearest physician was Dr. James Davidson, who lived at 
 the mouth of Pine creek. He was a distinguished surgeon in the Eevolutionaxy 
 army, and was mustered out in 1783. He soon afterwards located at the mouth of 
 the creek. His field of practice extended for many miles up and down the river, and 
 far into the southern regions of what became Tioga county, until the settling of Dr. 
 William Willard at Tioga in 1798. It is also likely that Dr. Samuel Coleman, who 
 succeeded Dr. Lathy at Williamsport, about 1803, and remained there until 1808, 
 made professional visits to the infant settlements in Delmar and at Wellsboro. His 
 route would be by the State road from ISTawberry. In those days physicians made 
 
THE MEDICAL PB0FE8SI0N. 191 
 
 long journeys on horseback, with saddle-bags in which their medicines were carried, 
 the roads not being in a condition for wheeled vehicles. 
 
 The first physician to locate in the county was Dr. William Willard. He was 
 born in Lenox, Massachusetts, February 5, 1762; married ilary Eathbone, at Troy, 
 New York, October 13, 1791; moved thence to Middleton, Eutland county, Ver- 
 mont, in the winter of 1793, and finally to Tioga, in February, 1T98. Here he built 
 a square log house, which he opened as a tavern. He also opened a store, erected 
 saw-mills and became the principal citizen and business man of the village which 
 grew up about him, and which, until after his death, October 28, 1836, bore the 
 name of "Willardsburg." During the later years of his life he gave his attention 
 principally to his business affairs. He was the first postmaster at Tioga, serving 
 from July 1, 1809, to April 1, 1815. 
 
 Ralph Kilbum, a brother of Judge Ira Kilburn, and a bachelor, settled at 
 Lawrencevillo in 1802, and practieed medieine there until 1810. He then went to 
 live with his sister near liochester, New York, and made his home with her until his 
 death. 
 
 Eddy Howland, who settled in Deerileld township in 1803, though not an 
 educated physician, practiced medicine among the early settlers for a number of 
 years with rare skill and success. 
 
 Dr. Simeon Power came into the county in 1805, and made a short stay at 
 Lawrenceville. He then went to Knoxville, where he resided until 180S, when he 
 removed to Tioga, then the principal village in the county. In 1815 he was elected 
 sherifl' of Tioga county and served three years. He was also eleeted an associate 
 judge in 1851, and served on the bench five years. About IS'^l he returned to 
 Lawrenceville, where he continued to reside and practice his profession until his 
 death, December 19, 1863. His practice extended over a wide area and he was one 
 of the best known of the early physicians. 
 
 Dr. riiny Power, a brother of Dr. Simeon Power, came into the county soon 
 after the latter, with whom he lived for a time. About 18."2 he located at Canoe 
 Camp, and a few years later at Tioga, remaining as a resident physician d the latter 
 place until 1835, when he removed to Detroit, llichipm, where he passed the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 
 The wife of Eeuben Cook, the pioneer of Cowanosque valley, and an early 
 settler at Osceola, was for many years the accoucheuse of that section of the county, 
 and OS late as IHv'.'i had a larf::er obstetrical practice than any physician in the valley. 
 Siie was known far and wide as "Granny Cook," and her fee was invariably one 
 pound of tea. 
 
 Jonathan llonney, a one-lepu'ed man, was in DeerfieM township about isll. 
 He came from Horscheads, New York, and was a practicing physician. Although 
 he made several removals lie never got beyond the reach of his Deerfield patrons. 
 The name of Jonathan "Barney" appears in a printed copy of the census list of 
 Tioga county for 1800. If, as it is reasonable to suppose, 'Tiamey" should be 
 "Bonney," this pioneer physician was in the county before 1800. He is desig- 
 nated 08 a "farmer" on the census list of that year. 
 
 Dr. Adolphus .Mhii. wlio came in 1813, was the first regular physician to locate 
 at Osceola. He remained until 1816. About this time or, perhaps, earlier, a Dr. 
 
\Q2 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Beard located in Tioga, but remained only a short time. Dr. Stillman Cannon 
 located in Mansfield in 1813 and practiced there two years. The name of "Hyram 
 Cannon, physician," appears on the assessment list of Covington township for 1816, 
 but is not found afterward. In 1816, also, Peter Paulkner's name appears on 
 the assessment list of Delmar township. He practiced a year or two in Wellsboro, 
 and then remoyed to one of the western states. 
 
 The first physician to locate permanently in Wellsboro was Dr. Jeremiah 
 Brown. He was born in Vermont, March 10, 1750, studied medicine with an older 
 brother, and for several years practiced his profession in his native State. His 
 first wife having died, he married Miss Sarah Ann Porter. About 1816 he came to 
 "Wellsboro, then a mere hamlet. The surrounding country was sparsely settled and 
 physicians frequently had to make long journeys. He traveled up and down Pine 
 creek, oftentimes answering calls as far away as Jersey Shore. Fevers were then the 
 prevailing diseases and he had the reputation of treating them very successfully. 
 Dr. Brown was a leading man in those days. He was elected a member of the first 
 board of trustees of the academy in April, 1818, and re-elected in 1819 and 1830. 
 He was also the first secretary of the board, serving one year. He built a good house 
 in Wellsboro, but being overtaken by adversity he failed and his property was sold on 
 judgments placed in the hands of Ellis Lewis, then a rising young lawyer of the place. 
 He was a very careful physician, was much esteemed, and gave very general satisfaction 
 to those who employed him. Mr. Emery, in his reminiscenses of early times in 
 Wellsboro, says: "I knew him, and can, with all others who were acquainted with 
 him, bear testimony to his worth." 
 
 After his misfortune he retired to Pine Creek, now Ansonia, much broken down 
 in health, where he died of consumption March 13, 1831, aged eighty-one years. 
 He left one son, Dehaller, born in Wellsboro in 1817, and now residing in Kansas; 
 also three daughters, viz: Priseilla, born in Wellsboro in 1819, who married Matthew . 
 Carpenter, and resides at Horseheads, ISTew York; Henrietta, bom in 1821, who 
 married Col. Lewis G. Huling*, and lives in Williamsport, and Sarah Ann, bom in 
 1833, who married Philo Catlin, of Cameron county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Dr. Curtis Parkhurst, who was born in Marlborough in 1794, located in Law- 
 renceville in 1818 and built up a large and lucrative practice. He was elected to the 
 legislature in 1837, and re-elected in 1838. In 1840 he was elected sheriff of Tioga 
 county, and appointed an associate judge in 1847. 
 
 Dr. John B. Murphey, another early physician of Wellsboro, was bom May 1, 
 1791. Upon attaining manhood he studied medicine with an elder brother, then 
 residing in one of the West India islands. He soon afterward came to the United 
 States. On December 9, 1819, he married Cynthia Taylor, of Troy, and came to 
 Wellsboro about 1833. Dr. Murphey evidently was an active and progressive man. 
 He opened a store and sold dmgs, and the court records show that on May 19, 1838. 
 he was granted a license to keep a public house. It stood on the site of the present 
 Coles House. While conducting these different branches of business he did not 
 neglect his profession, but was always busy attending to the wants of the sick. He 
 
 * The dates and facts relating to Dr. Brown were obtained from his daughter, Mrs. Huling, of Williamsport. 
 She is quite confident her father was the first resident physician in Wellsboro. 
 
THE MEDICAL PBOFESSIOX. 193 
 
 died about 1833 or 183-i. Some of his descendants, of whom Mrs. Williston is one, 
 reside in Wellsboro. 
 
 Dr. Oliver Treat Bundy was bom January 31, 1801, in Fairfield, Connecticut, the 
 eldest of ten children. About 1807 the family removed to Oxford, Chenango county. 
 New York, and settled. At the age of twenty-one he commenced studying medi- 
 cine, and on January 30, 1826, he was licensed to practice, and settled in Wellsboro, 
 where he followed his profession four years. During his residence here he married 
 Lydia Smith. About 1830 Dr. Bundy removed to Windsor, Broome county. New 
 York, where he attained prominence in his profession. He became the chief founder 
 of Windsor Academy, and died at Deposit, Broome county, January 9, 1874, having 
 almost reached the mature age of seventy-three years. 
 
 Dr. Ezra Wood was the pioneer physician of Rutland township, where he settled 
 about 1833 and practiced his profession until his death in 1829. His practice ex- 
 tended also into Jackson and Sullivan townships. Dr. Dexter Parkhurst, a brother 
 of the late Joel I'arkhurst, of Elkland, located in Mansfield in 1821, remaining until 
 1830, when he removed to Mainesburg, where he continued to practice until his death 
 in 1866. 
 
 Dr. Allen Frazer, Jr., the son of a pioneer of Chatham township, was born in 
 Westernville, New York, in 1798. He graduated at Utica, New York, January 13, 
 1823, from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of the University of New York. 
 In 1825 he began the practice of medicine in Dn rfield township, continuing until 
 his death in 1872.. He was the first one to su,::r^L'st, and the chief promoter of, the 
 movement resulting in the establishment of I'lnon Acaduniy, at .Viiulimy Comers. 
 In 1834 he was commissioned surgeon of the Ono Hundred and Twenty-ninth Uv/i- 
 ment Pennsylvania llilitia. He was also one of the early justices of the peace of 
 Deerfield township. 
 
 Dr. Hibbard Bonney settled in Brookfield township in 1825 and practiced several 
 years. Dr. Ethan B. Baoon was another early physician of this township. Dr. John 
 Stineliofer practiced in Liberty from 1825 to 1828. Dr. D. H. Roberts was engaged 
 in practice in Tioga in 182G. He appears to have remained but a short time. Dr. 
 Riciinrd B. Hughes practiced in Liberty from 1828 to 1842. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr., a native of ^'e^mont, a graduate of Woodstock Acad- 
 emy and of the classical and medical department of Dartmouth University, came 
 from his native State to Wellsboro in 1829 and practiced there until 1831, when he 
 removed to Lawronceville. Here he continued in practice imtil his death, .July 
 15, 1882. Dr. Harvey Lyman located in ilainesburg about 1830, making a 
 brief stay. About 1829 or 1830 Dr. Hiram B. Roberts settled at Daggett's Mills 
 and pnutieed mi-dieine, in connection with other business, for a number of years. 
 Ephraim Fuller located in Knoxville in 1830 and practiced one year. It was about 
 1830 that Scth John Porter, a jiliysician and a Congregational ist minister, located in 
 Elklnnd, where lie organized a church. He remained until 1833 and combined the 
 practice of medicine with preaching. .About 1830, also. Dr. Burton Strecter began 
 tlie practice of medicine at Westficld, continuing for a number of years. 
 
 Dr. Otis L. Cilisoii was a native of Croydon, New Hampshire, where he was bom 
 in 1807. He graduated from the \'crmont Si liool of Medicine in 1831 and came 
 
 18 
 
194 HISTOHY or TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 immediately to Wellsboro and began the practice of his profession. Just before 
 leaving New England he was married to Miss Emmeline B. Parsons, a daughter of 
 Capt. Luke Parsons, of Woodstock, Vermont, who afterwards removed to Wellsboro 
 and died there. Dr. Gibson was one of the men who exercised an influence for 
 good on society in Wellsboro and vicinity. He was one of the material promoters 
 of a higher tone of thought and action, and was rather a model man in those times. 
 He neither dranlc liquor, played cards, or used profane language, and had fewer bad 
 habits than most people of his age and station. Colonel Kimball, the hotel keeper, 
 once remarked that he thought the Doctor would add greatly to his popularity if he 
 would unbend a little, take a drink once in a while with the boys, and not be so "stiff 
 and particular." Mrs. Gibson was very much like her husband — a staid, matronly 
 and non-gossiping woman, whom everybody respected. They were both Episco- 
 palians while in Wellsboro, having been brought up in that faith in their native 
 State. When Dr. Gibson commenced the practice of medicine in Wellsboro he 
 belonged to what was called "the heroic school." He gave medicine in large doses, 
 dealt out calomel profusely, physicked, bled and puked his patients without any 
 compunctions of conscience. That was then the popular and approved system; and 
 although he used the heroic treatment, he was quite a successful practitioner. He was 
 careful, prudent and watchful, had a discerning mind and an excellent judgment,, 
 and generally knew exactly the moment to commence the building up process. Dr. 
 Gibson also added materially to the wealth of Wellsboro. He built a number of 
 houses on Covington street, which were just right for the purposes intended — 
 cheap residences for small families. He also built one or two other houses which 
 were larger and better. In all praiseworthy undertakings he did his part, and 
 was a liberal contributor to his church. Dr. Gibson had two sons and two 
 daughters. His eldest daughter became the wife of a Congregational minister 
 in Connecticut, and the other the wife of a business man in North Carolina. Lewis 
 W., his eldest son, became rector of Christ Church in Dover, Delaware; Otis, the 
 other son, studied medicine and settled in Minnesota. For nearly ten years before 
 his death Dr. Gibson was a confirmed invalid. He died July 31, 1863, and his wife 
 May 6, 1865. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Saynisch, a native of Switzerland, settled in Blossburg in 1831. In 
 addition to pursuing the practice of medicine, he engaged in the mercantile and 
 lumber business, and was one of the leading spirits in the movement that led to the 
 development of the Blossburg coal field and the building of the Coming and Bloss- 
 burg railroad. He was one of the organizers and an early president of the Arbon 
 Coal Company. He died in Blossburg about 1856. 
 
 Dr. Thomas T. Huston settled at Tioga, then known as Willardsburg, in 1831. 
 He was born in Carlisle in 1793, and was graduated from Dickinson College about 
 1820, among his classmates being Eobert J. Walker and Gen. James Irvin. After 
 leaving college he spent four years in the study of medicine and graduated from the 
 Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia. He then spent a short time with his 
 parents in Williamsport, when he came to Tioga. He was attracted thither through 
 the influence of his elder brother (then twenty-three years his senior) who afterwards 
 became the celebrated Judge Charles Huston of the Supreme Court. Judge Huston 
 then owned large tracks of wild land in the vicinity of Tioga. Dr. Huston, 
 however, did not remain long here. He left in the fall of 1833 and located at Tioga 
 
THE MEDICAL PB0FES8I0N. 195 
 
 Point (now Athens), because he married his wife there, and there he lived and prac- 
 ticed medicine over thirty years, dying iJay 14, 1865. 
 
 Allen Furman, a pioneer settler in Gaines, practiced medicine in that township 
 for a number of years. Elisha B. Benedict, a physician and minister, located in Elk- 
 land in 1831 and practiced medicine there until his death in 1872. Harmon White- 
 head practiced medicine in Covington during 1831 and 1832 and later in Mansfield. 
 Dr. Thaddeus Phelps practiced in Knoxville from 1832 to 1834. In 1832 Dr. Francis 
 H. White began the practice of medicine in Koseville. He afterwards practiced at 
 different times in Mansfield and other places, but returned again to Eoseville, where 
 he continued to practice until a few years before his death in 1885. He attained the 
 remarkable age of 106 years. 
 
 Dr. Jlilton P. Orton was born in Sharon, Connecticut, in 179.J. He grad- 
 uated from the classical and medical departments of Yale ('(iUchtc, and in 1834 came 
 to Tioga county, locating at Lawrenceville, where he practiced for nearly thirty 
 years. He died in 1864, while surgeon in charge at Hatteras Inlet. Dr. Cyrus Pratt, 
 editor of the Tioga Democrat, located in Tioga in ISIJ."). During the three years he 
 remained he paid more attention to his paper than to his profession. ]>r. Cieorfre 
 Spratt located in Covington in 1835 and continued in practice there for a number 
 of years. 
 
 In 1835 Dr. Joseph P. Morris located in Hlossburg, coming from Philadelphia, 
 where he was born in 1809. He appears to have devoted himself to business enter- 
 prises rather than the practice of medicine, until after his removal to Mansfield in 
 1842, where he remained until 1846, wlien he removed to Wellsboro. In 1854 he 
 returned to Mansfield, and durinj^ the remainder of his life devoted himself to his 
 real estate interests and to the practice of nicdiciine. He died December 17, IH'J2, 
 aged nearly eighty-four years. Dr. Levi Rose began the practice of medicine in 
 Miiinesburg in 1835, continuing a few years. From 1835 until 1837, Dr. lienjamin C. 
 Morris practiced in Liberty. In 1836 Dr. Abel Humphrey, a native of Preston, 
 Chenango county. New York, located in Tioga, continuing in practice for about 
 fifty years, when ill health compelled him to retire. From 1836 to 1846 Dr. F. W. 
 Krause practiced in Liberty, in which place, also, I>r. Jacob Raker, Jr., located in 
 1838 and practiced until his death in 1842. Dr. Harvey Leach began the practice 
 of medicine in Chatham township in 1836 or 1837 and continued down to his death 
 in 1868. His practice extended over a wide area and hr was one of the noted physi- 
 cians of the early days. In 1838 Dr. II. G. Smytiie located in Mansfield and pursiied 
 the practice of hia profession there for many years. Richard I. Jmas practiced in 
 Knoxville from 1837 to 1840. 
 
 In 1840 Dr. Albert M. Loop began the practice of medicine in Xelson. where 
 he still resides and pursues his profession. He is now the oldest living physician in 
 the county, and the longest in practice. He was bom in Elmira, Xew York, Sep- 
 tember 12, 181<;, and has been a resident physician of Xelson since 18 to, excepting 
 during two years — from 1851 to 185(1 — spent at Rock Island, Illinois. 
 
 Dr. Nelson I'ncker came to Wellsboro in 18.'i8 and entered upon the practice of 
 medicine and sur^'cry. He was bom Decemlier S, lsi4. at Xorwich, Chenango 
 county, Xew York, and was educated at Oxford .\cademy. .\fter leaving school he 
 studied medicine with Dr. Kenry MitciicU, of Norwich, and was graduated from the 
 
196 niSTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Geneva Medical College in 1838. Capt. James Packer, father of the Doctor, was an 
 old resident of Norwich, where he had settled early in the century. His ancestors 
 came from Connecticut, and they were relatives of the family of Hon. Asa Packer, 
 late of Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania. 
 
 When Dr. Packer came to Wellsboro, Dr. Otis L. Gibson was the leading physi- 
 cian, but as the population of the town and country were increasing, the assistance 
 of another practitioner was required. From the start Dr. Packer was kindly re- 
 ceived and through the passing years built up a good practice. In 1847 he was 
 stricken with a severe illness, which threatened to develop into pulmonary con- 
 sumption. He became so prostrated with weakness that his friends almost despaired 
 of his recovery. His brother came from Norwich to look after him, and, seeing 
 his condition, decided to take him home. It was in the midst of winter and a deep 
 snow was on the ground. A sleigh was procured, a comfortable bed made therein, 
 and the patient placed in it. By easy stages the Journey was made and on Christmas 
 Eve they reached home, but the Doctor was very ill and weak. His illness proved 
 severe and he did not fully recover before the following June. 
 
 With restored health Dr. Packer returned to Wellsboro in the summer of 1848 
 and resumed his practice. His health continued good and he rapidly built up an ex- 
 cellent reputation for skill and success in his profession. He became known as the 
 principal surgeon in the town and he was called to attend all critical cases in the 
 borough and surrounding country. 
 
 Dr. Packer was an ardent Eepublican and always took a commendable interest 
 in public affairs. He was intensely loyal and patriotic, and throughout the dark 
 days of Civil strife gave an unswerving support to the government. In 1862 he en- 
 tered the service as assistant surgeon and was stationed at Chesapeake Hospital, 
 near Portress Monroe. When the army lay at Harrison Landing, he was ordered 
 there, and acted as surgeon of a New York regiment. He was soon after prostrated 
 by malarial fever and jaundice and was obliged to retire from active duty. He 
 reached home with difficulty, and so severe did his sickness prove that he did not fully 
 recover for several months. 
 
 In 1864 Dr. Packer was appointed United States examining surgeon for Wells- 
 boro, and when many years later the medical board was organized, he became its 
 president, and filled the position with satisfaction to all and credit to himself. He 
 was noted for sociability and geniality of temperament, and was a favorite with all 
 who enjoyed his acquaintance. Cultured and refined, he was at home in the sick 
 room, and his presence inspired confidence and hope. He died February 8, 1883, on 
 the same day of the month in which he was born, in his sixty-ninth year. His loss 
 was greatly lamented by the community, and all felt that their best friend and bene- 
 factor had been taken from them. 
 
 On the 15th of January, 1849, Dr. Packer married Miss Mary McDougall, of 
 Lawrenceville, Tioga county. Her ancestors were residents of New York City, and 
 her parents were early settlers at Lawrenceville. The union was blessed with two 
 sons. The eldest, James M., was born November 6, 1849, and died January 1, 1869. 
 The second, Hon. Horace B. Packer, resides with his widowed mother in Wellsboro. 
 He is a prominent lawyer and politician, and his sketch will be found in the chapter 
 devoted to the "Bench and Bar." 
 
THE MEDICAL PB0FES8I0N. I97 
 
 Dr. Packer was progressive as a physician and surgeon. It was principally 
 through his efforts that the Tioga County Medical Society was organized, in 1860, 
 and he served as one of its presidents. When the war broke out the organization was 
 not kept up. On the restoration of peace, however, he was mainly instrumental in 
 having it revived, and was active in promoting its interests until the close of his life. 
 Dr. David S. Roblyer practiced medicine in Roseville from 1841 to 1844 and then 
 removed to Mainesburg, where he remained until 1850. Dr. Ralph I. Shepherd 
 practiced at Daggett's Mills from 1841 to 1843; Dr. Orson Grcfrory at Roseville 
 during 1843 and 1844, and Dr. D. N. Hunt at Roseville from 184.5 to 1850. Dr. 
 William B. Rich was a practicing physician in Knoxville from 1843 to 1873. In 
 1843 Dr. Robert H. Archer located in Wellsboro and practiced there until 184T. 
 He afterwards practiced for several years in ilorris township. In 1845 Dr. Daniel 
 McNaughton located in Westfield and continued to praciicu medicine there until 
 his death in 1883. He was appointed postmaster of Westfield in 1861, which position 
 he filled until the fall of 1871, when he was ekctc-il associate judge and rfsij,Tied as 
 postmaster. Dr. T'ledurick Reinwald practiced medicine in l.iliirty from 1M"> to 
 1847, when he was killed by a panther, and iJr. L. K. (iarfield from 1817 to l.s.")(;. 
 Dr. Joel Rose was a practicing physician in Roseville from 1846 to 18113. Dr. II. H. 
 Borden came from Steiiben county, New York, in 1842 and located in Tioga. .Vfter 
 studying with Dr. Abel Humphrey he began practice in 1847, continuing until his 
 death in 1894. 
 
 Dr. Charles V. Elliott, a native of Sheshefluin, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 began the practice of medicine in Mansfield in 1817. In lS.">t; he removed to Hudson, 
 Wisconsin, and remained until 1859, when he returned to iliinsfield, resumed prac- 
 tice and also opened a drug store, which he carried on in connection therewith until 
 1891, since wliieli time he has been living retired. In 1847 Dr. Nathaniel Smith, 
 who is still in netive practice, located in Jlillerton. He i,-; a native of Halifax, Wind- 
 ham county, Vermont, where lie was born January i:). 182.'!. 
 
 Dr. Charles K. Thompson was born in Charleston to^vnship April 2'2, 1821, and 
 died in Wellsboro September 11, 1888. He studied medicine under the direction 
 of Dr. Otis ],. Gibson and graduated from the Geneva Medical College in IS 16. In 
 184'<' he married Miss Sarah Gibson and settled down to practice his profession. On 
 the breaking out of the Civil War, Dr. Thompson entered the uriny as a surgeon and 
 saw much service. AMien peace was restored he was retained in the service and sta- 
 tioned for some time, in connection with the Freedmen's Bureau, at Kilisto, South 
 ("nrolinn. On leaving the I'nited States service he returned to Wellsboro, and, ex- 
 cepting one year spent at Fall Brook, as resident physician for the Fall Brook Coal 
 Company, lie resided forty years in Wellsboro. In the fall of 1882 he was appointed 
 one of the three physicians composinp the board of jiension examiners, which oflSce 
 ho still held at the time of his death. He left one son, Charles 0. Thompson, of 
 Rochester, New York, and a daughter, Mrs. Emma Snuter, of Williamsport. 
 
 Dr. Henry Kilbourn was born in Shrewsbury. Vermont, in 1803. and graduated 
 from the Vermont Academy of Medicine, Febrxiary 10, 1838. In 1840 he came to 
 Tioga county ami located in Covin;,'ton, and for over forty-five year- practiced in 
 that place and Blossburg. residing at different times in each place. He attained a 
 wide reputation not only as a skillful and successful physician, but a- an eccentric 
 
198 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 character and an inimitable story teller. Dr. Coburn located in Gaines in 1848 
 and practiced there several years. 
 
 Dr. William T. Humphrey was born in Bainbridge, Chenango county, New 
 York, December 22, 1824. In the spring of 1848 he graduated from the Albany 
 Medical College. From June, 1848, to January, 1849, he practiced in Addison, New 
 York, and then removed to Elkland, Pennsylvania. Here he practiced until 1857, 
 when he removed to Osceola, where he still resides and pursues his profession. Dr. 
 Ira B. Poote, the pioneer homeopathic physician of the county, practiced in Wells- 
 boro from 1849 to 1851. In 1850 Dr. W. W. Wright began the practice of medicine 
 in Elkland, where he still resides and pursues his profession. He was bom in Cairo, 
 Green county. New York, March 31, 1830, and came with his parents to Tioga county 
 in 1844, settling in Farmington. In 1848 he began reading medicine with Dr. 
 Nelson Packer, of Wellsboro; attended lectures at Geneva Medical College, Geneva, 
 New York, and graduated in the class of 1849-50. He has the reputation of being 
 a successful physician and a skillful surgeon. John C. Bastian located in Liberty in 
 1850 and practiced there until 1853. 
 
 Dr. Jerome B. Knapp located in Knoxville in 1851 and practiced there until 
 1854. Dr. William F. Weseman began practice in Liberty in 1851 and continued 
 up to a recent date, when he retired. In 1852 Dr. William M. Barden, the first 
 homeopathic physician in the Tioga valley, settled in Mansfield, where he built up 
 a large and lucrative practice. He died September 30, 1884. Dr. J. H. Shearer, a 
 native of Delaware county, Pennsylvania, and a veteran of the Mexican War, gradu- 
 ated from what is now Hahnemann College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1852, and 
 practiced in Wellsboro imtil 1855, when he removed to Springfield, Illinois. In 
 1859 he returned to Wellsboro, where he has since practiced his profession. Dr. 
 Henry C. Bosworth, a native of Vernon, New York, where he was born March 8, 1811, 
 graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1837, and practiced at Smithfield, Brad- 
 ford county, until 1850, when he removed to Deerfield, Tioga county, and engaged 
 in farming and merchandising, as well as the practice of medicine, until his death 
 at Osceola, December 5, 1870. Dr. Ira W. Bellows practiced medicine in Knoxville 
 from 1854 to 1870, since which time he has resided on his farm in Deerfield township. 
 
 Dr. Wellington W. Webb, a native of Chenango county, New York, received 
 his medical education in Geneva Medical College, BufEalo Medical College and Cas- 
 tleton Medical College. In 1854 he began the practice of medicine in Liberty and 
 continued until 1857, when he removed to Wellsboro and there practiced until his 
 death in 1889. Dr. William W. Day located in Osceola in 1855 and continued in 
 practic there until 1867. Charles Voorhees began practice at Daggett's Mills in 1855 
 and continued until his death a few years ago. In 1856 Dr. E. S. Eobbins located in 
 Covington, where for the past thirty years he has practiced his profession. Luther 
 W. Johnson, who was born in Wellsboro, May 4, 1833, graduated from the State 
 University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 185C, and in 1857 began the practice of his 
 profession in Liberty, continuing there until 1883, when he removed to Blossburg. 
 Here he practiced with marked success until his death June 29, 1896. 
 
 Dr. George D. Maine, a son of the pioneer, John Maine, was bom in Maines- 
 burg, Sullivan township, July 24, 1826. He graduated from the medieal depart- 
 ment of the University of BufEalo in 1856, and one year later located in Mainesburg, 
 
THE. MEDICAL PHOFESSIOX. 199 
 
 where he has since resided and practiced his profession, with the exception of the 
 time he was in the army. Dr. L. M. Johnson, a native of Steuben county. New York, 
 located in Wellsboro about 1858 and practiced his profession with skill and success 
 up to a few years a<,'(>, when he retired to his farm. He has lately resumed practice, 
 and is now a resident of Wellsboro. Henry Kilhoum, Jr., a son of Dr. Henrj' Kil- 
 boum, of Covington, practiced in that borough from 1859 until his death in 1 S88. 
 
 Dr. James ]\Iasten began the practice of medicine in 1849. Dr. ilasten was bom 
 in Penn Yan, New York, Jlay 26, 1827. He read medicine with Drs. A. F. 6c W. 
 Oliver, of that place, and attended lectures at the Buffalo Medical College. From 
 1849 to 18G0 he practiced at White's Corners, Potter county, Pennsylvania, since 
 which time he has resided and practiced in Westfield. He has nut only achieved 
 success in his profession, but is recognized as a prominent and progressive citizen. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Darling, .Ir., was born in Lawrenceville, Uctubur 19, 1640, studied 
 medicine under his father and attended the Medical College of Washington, 
 D C for one year. He then entered the medical department of the service 
 as an army surgeon, remaining nnlil the el,.se of the war, after whieh he heeanie a 
 student in the University of Michigan, at Ann \yhuv, from which he graduated in 
 lK(i(; After practicing in Cincinnati, Ohio, a few months, he returned to Lawrence- 
 ville, where he is still in uelive p.aetiee. From LSIil to ISHO Dr. .T. K. Cleveland 
 practiced medicine in ()K(l>nsl.M,g. In 18(i2 Dr. John M. Tmnlen, a son of l)r. 
 William iM. Barden, the pioneer homeopathic physician, began i.raetite m i;o>eMlle. 
 continuing until 1881, when he remove.l to Manslicl.l, where lie practic-.l until is;i.,, 
 when he again took up his residence at HoseviUe. Ho still attend.'* to his patients in 
 Mansfield and vicinity. 
 
 Dr. ]\lorgan L. Bacon was born in Ciiarlcston township June I'.i, 1837. He 
 graduated from Union Aeadeniy, at .Veademy Corners, in IS.-, and after teaehing 
 a short time began the study of medieine under Dr. Nelson I'aeker, of Wellsboro, 
 continuing until 18(11, when he cnti'red the serviee as a hos|)ital steward. In 1K63 
 he liegan the practice of medicine in Mansfield, remaining there five years. From 
 lS(iH to 1870 he practiced in Blosslmrg an<l from ISTO to 1S72 in ^lorris Hun. In 
 the latter year he removed to AVellsbort>, where for twenty-five years he has continued 
 in the aetive duties of his profession. He is known as an educated, skillful and sue- 
 I'essful i.hysieiaii. Dr. William Blackwell, a grandson of the pioneer, Enoch Black- 
 well, has i.een eiu'ai^'ed in the j.nutiee of medicine at Blackwells since lS(i5. Dr. 
 Nelson Ingram, a native of Ulster county. New York, graduated from Bellevue Hos- 
 pital Medical College. New York, March 1, IStl.".. He practiced medicine and car- 
 rie<l on a drug store in I'.iossburg for a number of years. John S. Fitch practircd 
 at Stony Fork from 180.". to 1870. Dr. Adclbert .1. Heggie practiced in Oseeola 
 from ISCC to his death in ISSCi. 
 
 Dr. Robert B. Smith, a native of Marathon. Cortland county. New York, where 
 he was liorn August -':!. IS Id. read medicine under Dr. H. S. French, of Li-le, New 
 York, and graduated from Long Island College Ilosj.ital in ISCii, in which year he 
 removed to Tioga, where he has since praetieed with marked >ueres-. He wa.s for 
 three years president of the Tioga C<uinty Board of Pen^ion Kxaminers, and is one 
 of the best known physicians in the eounty. Dr. Daniel Bae.m. a native .,f Delmar 
 townshii). a son of Oliver Baeon and a grandson of the pioneer. Daniil Harvey Baeon, 
 
200 HISTOEY OF TIOGA C0U2JTT. 
 
 graduated from the University of Buifalo in 1860 and practiced medicine in Wells- 
 boro until his death in December, 1888. Dr. H. A. Phillips located in Knoxville 
 in 1867 and practiced until his death in 1877. Dr. 0. P. Barden, homeopathist, a 
 son of Dr. William M. Barden, practiced in Mansfield and Tioga from 1868 to 1892, 
 in which year he died in Tioga. Dr. Alston J. Cole located in Mansfield in 1868 and 
 practiced there nearly twenty years. Dr. William Caldwell, a native of Ireland, 
 graduated from the University of Dublin in 1848. About 1867 he located in "Morris 
 Eun, as the physician of the Morris Eun Coal Company, and practiced there until 
 1891. Dr. H. Boyer located in Gaines Ln 1869 and practiced for several years. 
 Dr. John Caldwell located in Arnot in 1870 and practiced there a few years. In 
 November, 1870, Dr. D. C. Waters also located in Amot, where he is still a resident 
 physician, his practice being confined almost exclusively to miners and other em- 
 ployes of the Blossburg Coal Company and their families. 
 
 Although the foregoing is not a complete list of all the physicians who practiced 
 in the county form 1798, the year in which Dr. William Willard settled at Tioga, until 
 1870, it includes those most prominently identified with the profession. Many 
 early physicians made but a transient stay, and it has been impossible to secure 
 definite data concerning them. Others after practicing a number of years left the 
 county, while still others drifted into farming or into business and gave up practicing 
 entirely. Since 1870 the records show that nearly 150 physicians have been licensed 
 in the county, many of whom made but a brief stay, while others taking the places 
 of deceased or retired physicians have built up for themselves a practice based on 
 acknowledged skill, personal popularity and a close attention to their professional 
 duties. A brief mention of a few of the more prominent of these is appropriate here. 
 A further reference to them will be found in the township and borough chapters. 
 
 Dr. Orson C. Cole, now retired, began practice in Union twnship in 1870. Dr. 
 Frank Smith, a son of Dr. Nathaniel Smith, studied under his father in Millerton, 
 where he has practiced since 1871. Mrs. Julia A. Furman, wife of Aaron K. Fur- 
 man, has practiced medicine in Gaines township since 1871. Dr. G. D. Crandall 
 located in Blossburg in 1873, where he is still in the active practice of his profession. 
 In 1874 G. A. Smith located in Liberty where he has continued to practice until the 
 present time. He is a native of Northumberland county and graduated from Jeffer- 
 son Medical College March 17, 1873. Dr. P. D. Eitter, a native of Herkimer county. 
 New York, graduated from the University of Buffalo, February 16, 1861. He prac- 
 ticed in Gaines from 1872 until his death, March 12, 1897. Dr. A. L. Bottum was 
 born in Nelson township, April 19, 1847, and received his academical education at 
 Union and Woodhull Academies. He read medicine under Dr. William T. Hum- 
 phrey, of Osceola; took a course of lectures at the University of Michigan, Ann 
 Arbor, and graduated from the Detroit Medical College, Detroit Michigan, in 1875, 
 in the spring of which year he located in Westfield, where he has built up a large 
 practice. Dr. Benjamin Moody, of Mansfield, a native of Bradford county, Penn- 
 sylvania, studied medicine with Dr. T. F. Madill, of Wysox, Bradford county; 
 graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1868, and Jefferson Medical College in 
 1869. He practiced with his preceptor in Wysox and in Wyalusing until 1875, when 
 he removed to Eoseville, remaining until 1877, in which year he located in Mansfield. 
 Dr. Charles A. Eeese is a native of Somerset county, Pennsylvania, where he was 
 
/)'t^^^»€^^Si,/cJ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
THE MEDICAL PHOFESSION'. 201 
 
 bom August 20, 1841. He is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania. From 
 1862 to 1874 he practiced in Sinnamahoning, Pennsylvania. In 1875 he located in 
 Knoxville, where he has since practiced his profession. 
 
 Dr. Hugh L. Davis was bom at Summit HiU, Carbon county, Pennsylvania, 
 December 10, 1851, and came to Charleston township, Tioga county, with his 
 parents in 1852. In 1870 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Nelson Packer, ot 
 Wellsboro, and in March, 187.3, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Phila- 
 delphia. After practicing a short time each in Knoxville, Arnot, and West Hampton, 
 Massachusetts, he located in Wellsboro in 1879. Here he soon built up a large 
 practice and became one of the best known physicians in the county. He died from 
 cerebral hemorrhage, December 19, 1895. Dr. Augustus Xiles, a native of Tioga 
 township, graduated from Bennett Medical College, January 21, 1875. He prac- 
 ticed until 1878 in Nelson, and for fifteen years thereafter in Keeneyville. In 1893 
 he removed to Wellsboro, where he has built up a large practice. Dr. Widter K. 
 Francis, a native of Wellsboro, graduated from the University of Buffalo, February 
 23, 1876, and practiced in Knoxville from 1878 to 1891. Dr. Emery G. Drake, a 
 native of Granville, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, was graduated from Long 
 Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, June 25, 1871, and practiced for a number of 
 years at Blossburg, Fall Brook, Jlorris Run and Antrim. Dr. Nathan W. Mastin, 
 a native of Cayuga county, New York, graduated from the medical departmint of 
 the University of the City of New York, February 12, 1879. He began the practice 
 of his profession in East Charleston, where he continued until 1888, when he 
 removed to Wellsboro, where he has since been one of the resident physicians. 
 
 Dr. Wentworth D. Vedder, a graduate of tlie College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 Baltimore, Maryland, located in Mansfield in 1880, where he has continued in 
 practice until the present time, being recognized as a skillful and successful physi- 
 cian. Dr. Clarence W. Webb, a son of Dr. \\ellington W. Webb, was born in Liberty 
 township, September 14, 1855. He received his medical education in the University 
 of \'ei-mont and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, graduating 
 from the latter in 1879. He has since practiced in Wellsboro and is recognized as a 
 successful and skillful physician. Dr. Henry E. Caldwell graduated from the Ohio 
 Medical CuUe'^e, Cincinnati, in the spring of 1879. He practiced in Cincinnati until 
 the siiiniiier of 1880, when he located at Morris Run, as physician for the ^lorris Run 
 Coal Cimipany. He is still in practice there. Dr. Wilmot (J. Humphrey, a native 
 of Elkland, graduated from the Collejje of Plivsicinus and Surgeons, at Baltimore, 
 in 1880, and immediately began practice at Osceola. In 1890 he removed to Elk- 
 land, wlicve he has since continued to jiractice. Dr. Thomas A. Bair, a native of 
 Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, graduated from Jeffcr-on 
 Medical Ciillege, Mardi 1-2, 1879. Since 1880 lie has been a resident physician of 
 Sabin8%'illc. Dr. lienjainin J. Fulkerson, a graduate of the University of the Citv of 
 New York, practiced in Little Marsh from 1880 to 189."). when he removed to Tyrone, 
 Piiinsylvania. Dr. Tiieodore F. Wocster, a native of Leroy, Bradford county. Penn- 
 sylvania, and a graduate of Kuchanan College, Philadelphia, has practiced at Ogdens- 
 burg since 18so. Dr. Cliarles Clarence Winsor was bom in Ellery, Chautauqua 
 county, New York, December 3, 1859. He graduated from Buffalo Medical College, 
 IVhniary '.'1, 1881, and soon after began the practice of his profession at Amot, re- 
 
202 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 maining four years. He then removed to Blossburg, where he continued to practice 
 until his death, August 3, 1889. Dr. J. B. McCloskey, a native of Clinton county, 
 graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, March 13, 1874, and practiced at 
 Morris from 1882 to 1890. Dr. Charles H. Bosworth, son of Dr. Henry C. Bosworth, 
 and a native of Deerfield township, graduated from the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, Baltimore, March 1, 1882, and has since practiced his profession at Osceola. 
 Dr. 0. S. Nye, a native of Schuyler county. New York, graduated from Columbus 
 Medical College, March 6, 1881. In 1883 he located in Koseville, where he is still a 
 resident physician. Dr. Charles "W. Hazlett, a native of Addison, New York, grad- 
 uated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, March 1, 1883. He 
 is at present 'a resident physician of East Charleston. Dr. Asaph T. Kunkle, a native 
 of Berks county, Pennsylvania, was graduated from the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, Baltimore, in 1883, and has since practiced his profession in Westfield. 
 Dr. Calvin S. Baxter, a native of Nelson, graduated from the same college, March 1, 
 1883, and since 1887 has practiced in Nelson. Dr. John M. Gentry, a native of Vir- 
 ginia, also graduated from the same college, March 4, 1884, and has since practiced 
 at Stony Fork. Dr. Charles N. Williams, a native of Wellsboro, and a son of Hon. 
 H. W. Williams, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, March 39, 1884, and has 
 for several years been a resident physician of Wellsboro. Dr. John B. Smith, a grad- 
 uate of the University of Buffalo, has practiced medicine in Lawrenceville since 1885. 
 Dr. Charles S. Logan, a graduate of the University of Buffalo, has practiced in Arnot 
 since 1885. Dr. Philemon Eumsey, a native of Sullivan township, graduated from 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, March 15, 1885, and has for 
 several years been a resident physician of Covington. Dr. William E. Thomas grad- 
 uated from the University of Buffalo in 1886, and practiced five years in Lawrence 
 township, ill health causing him to abandon his profession. Dr. Z. Ellis Kimble, a 
 native of Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, graduated in 1886, and has since practiced 
 in Liberty. Dr. T. N. Eockwell located in Elkland in 1887 and continued to practice 
 until his death, January 30, 1896. Dr. Joseph N. Smith, a native of Sullivan town- 
 ship, and a graduate from the Homeopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, practiced 
 in Wellsboro from 1887 to 1895. He is now located in Pittsburg. Dr. S. P. Hakes, 
 a graduate of the medical department of the University of New York, has practiced in 
 Tioga since 1888, and is recognized as one of the successful young physicians of the 
 county. Dr. E. F. Eobinson, a native of Lycoming county, graduated from Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1888. He practiced in Leetonia until 1891, when he removed to 
 Morris, where he pursues his profession and carries on' a drug store. Dr. F. G. 
 Elliott, a son of Nathaniel A. Elliott, of Mansfield, graduated from the University of 
 Vermont, July 16, 1889, and has since practiced as a resident physician at Mansfield. 
 Dr. James L. Beers, a native of Danby, Tompkins county, New York, graduated 
 from University Medical College of New York, March 8, 1883, and has practiced at 
 Holidaytown since 1889. Dr.Edward M.Haley, a native of St.Lawrence county,New 
 York, and a graduate of the medical department of the University of New York, has 
 been a resident physician in Blossburg since 1890. Henry Matthews, the "Indian 
 Doctor," who practiced under the name of James McCorhaway, located at Blackwells 
 in 1890, and pursued his profession there until his death in 1895. 
 
 Dr. Alonzo Kibbe, a native of Potter county, Pennsylvania, graduated from the 
 
THE MEDICAL PB0FE8SI0N. 203 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, March 13, 1885. In 1891 he located 
 in Knoxville where he has since practiced his profession. Dr. Willard G. Lent, a 
 native of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, 
 has practiced in Wellsboro since 1891. Dr. William B. Stevena graduated from the 
 same college in April, 1891, and immediately began practice in Xelson, where he is 
 still a resident physician. Dr. Herbert P. Haskin, a native of Lansingville, New 
 York, graduated from Jefferson Medical College April 15, 1891, and practiced in 
 Gaines from 1892 to 1897. Dr. Frank G. Masten, a son of Dr. James Masten, of 
 Westfield, graduated from the University of Buffalo, March 2i, 1891, and has since 
 practiced in Westfield with his father. Dr. Leon C. Brown, a native of SinithllLia, 
 Pennsylvania, graduated from the Homeopathic College, Chicago, in March, is'jl, 
 and is now a resident physician of Tioga. Dr. John 1. Van Wert, a native of 
 Sullivan county. New York, graduated irom Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
 New York, ]\larch 1, 1887. He is the physician of the Fall Brook Coal Company 
 at Antrim' Dr. Luther N. Cloos is a native of Middlebury township. He gradu- 
 ated from the Baltimore Medical College March :i(), isiiii, since which time he has 
 practiced his profession at Kt'cncyviUe. Dr. Clarence C. Centrj-, a native of (.reel. 
 c..unty, Virginia, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, I'.altimore, 
 March 'l, 1893, and since IS'.) 1 has been a resident physician of Morns. Dr. Edwin 
 K Clark a native of Steuben county, New York, graduated from the College of 
 Physicians and Surgc.ns. Baltimore, April in. WXK and has s,nce practiced his 
 profession in Osceola. Dr. Frank L. KiUy. a native of Manstidd. graduated from 
 Jefferson Medical College, May 2, IS'Ki, and has since been a resident physician a 
 Morris Kun. I )r. Shuuian Voorhees, a son of Dr. Charles \-oorhees. and a native of 
 Jackson townshii-, graduated from the College of Physi.ians and Surgeons, Balti- 
 more, April 24, lS9;i, and has since pnuliced at Daggett'. Mills. Dr. Sullivan A. 
 Gaskill, a native of Covinglon, graduated from Baltimore Medical College, March 1, 
 1893, and is a resi.lent physician of Con iiigton. Dr. Arthur M. (ireenfield, a native 
 of Kentucky, graduated from the Baltimore Medical College, March -.'.i. isnV, and 
 has since practiced at Sabinsvillc. Dr. Francis A. Bin-ilo, a native of Dunkirk, New 
 York, graduated from .lelferson Medical College, May 'i. ls;.:S, and practiced in 
 lilosshurg until ids removal to Trenton, New .lei>ey. Dr. John P. Longwell. a native 
 of Creycoiirt, New York, graduated from the Chicago Hahnemann Medical College 
 in 1K9;{. and in ( )ctol.er, 1895, he located in Wellsboro. Dr. Frederick (ireen Wood, 
 a native of Sullivan towiisliii), graduated from Jefferson Medical College ilay 15, 
 IS!),-., and since Se])tember 1,18;):.. has practiced in Mansfield. Dr. John Cross Srcor, 
 a graduate of the University of Vennont, located in Cherry Flats in December, 189.-;. 
 Dr. Henry 0. Harkness gralluatetl from the Chicago llouuopathic College March IT, 
 IHIli;, and in June located in Mainesburg. Dr. Daniel Stratton graduated from 
 the Ciiiversity of New York, May T, ls:i.-., and is a resident physician of I'dossburg. 
 Dr. (Icug.' .\. Trieman graduated from the Medical Chirurgical College. Philadel- 
 pliia, May 4, is;>3, and in Si-ptember. isin;, located in Leetonia. I»r. J. Irving 
 Bentley, a graduate of the lTni\ersiiy of Pennsylvania, located in Gaines in Jaiiuarv, 
 isit;, as the successor of Dr. H. V. Haskin. 1 »r. Charles 'I'rc.xler opened an oiricc in 
 Knoxville the same month. 
 
204 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 THE FIRST DEUG STOEB. 
 
 The first regular drug store in Wellsboro was opened in 1848 by Dr. Robert Roy, 
 in a frame building which then stood on that portion of the site of the present Coles 
 House, next to the residence of the late Judge Robert G. "White. Dr. Roy was born 
 May 13, 1824, in Warwick, Orange county, New York, and was a descendant of sturdy 
 Scotch ancestry. When he was but four years of age his parents removed to New- 
 town, now Elmira, New York. The desire of his youth was to educate himself for the 
 Christian ministry, but a severe cold, followed by inflammatory rheumatism, inter- 
 rupted his studies and changed the whole course of his life. After measurably recov- 
 ering his health, he entered the drug store of William Ogden, of Elmira, and learned 
 the drug business. In 1848 he removed to Wellsboro, and opened the first store 
 devoted exclusively to the sale of drugs in Tioga county. For about two years he 
 occupied the frame building already referred to, and then removed to a little wooden 
 structure just below the Bower block. A few years later he purchased half of the 
 block on the southeast side of Main street, bounded by Water and Crafton streets, and 
 built thereon the large three-story building that was burned in 1874. While this 
 work was in progress Dr. Roy was prostrated by an accidental burning and was con- 
 fined to his house about a year. The result of this misfortune was to so cripple his 
 resources that for many years he was greatly hampered in business. 
 
 In 1850 Dr. Roy married Miss Irene M. Dartt, a daughter of Cyrus Dartt, of 
 Charleston township. Three children were born to this union, two of whom died 
 in infancy. Arthur M., the only living child, is now one of the proprietors and 
 editors of the Wellsboro Agitator. Dr. Roy, save for a period of about four years, 
 continued ia the drug business up to his death, which took place November 30, 1881. 
 His widow is a resident of Wellsboro. Dr. Roy's domestic life was very happy. He 
 was a devout member of the Presbyterian church, and for several years before his 
 death was a member of the session. For many years his health was poor and his 
 eyesight bad, yet he maintained a cheerful disposition to the last. The sincerity of 
 his religious convictions, his upright life and his spotless integrity, won for him the 
 esteem and respect of the entire community. His influence, quietly but constantly 
 exerted, was always for good, and he was regarded as one of the most upright and 
 exemplary citizens of the borough. 
 
 While yet quite a young man and before coming to Wellsboro, Dr. Roy 
 traveled and lectured on the Bible, the lecture being illustrated with stereopticon 
 views. His assistant was a boy about fourteen or fifteen years of age, named Mark 
 M. Pomeroy, afterwards famous as "Brick" Pomeroy, editor of the LaCrosse Demo- 
 crat. Some years ago "Brick" being in reminiscent mood, wrote the following ac- 
 count of his experience as a clerk in Dr. Roy's drug store in Wellsboro: 
 
 Out of this expedition [a panorama with a lecture thrown in] Uncle Robert cleared 
 three, four or five hundred dollars; enough to start him quite handsomely in the drug 
 business at Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. After he had accumulated this amount of capital, 
 which was considered very large for those times in that country, he purchased an old 
 stock of drugs from a broken down druggist in Elmira, and had them conveyed by 
 wagon across the hills to Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, where he started the first drug 
 store in that place, and lived to become one of its most prosperous business men, but 
 who has since experienced his ups and downs. His son, Arthur Roy, is now at the 
 head of a Republican newspaper in that town. 
 
THE MEDICAL PBOFESSIOX. 205 
 
 When our trip was ended, late in the spring, I was allowed to go with Uncle Robert 
 to Wellsboro, and to the duty and responsibility in his store of chief clerk, with the 
 understanding that I could have a few shelves in the comer of the store on which to dis- 
 play a stock of candy. I had saved about nine dollars from my winter's work. I should 
 have had more, but in Towanda, where we stopped one cold night. I stood with my 
 back to a red-hot coal stove, to warm myself as I came in, and unfortunately burned 
 the back out of my overcoat. To purchase a new one cost seven dollars — seven weeks' 
 work. But the lesson was a good one, as it taught me never to turn my back to a warm 
 friend. 
 
 The idea of becoming a candy merchant was novel and promising. So I made a few 
 shallow boxes, in the fronts of which I could slip panes of eight-by-ten glass, and then 
 bought a few jars in which to place for display a. whole nine dollars' worth of assorted 
 candies, which I purchased of a candy merchant in Elmira, New York, whose name 
 was Elmore. In May I left home with my venture of sweetmeats, and journeyed by 
 wagon, in which were conveyed some of Uncle Robert's goods, across the hills to Wells- 
 boro, where I helped open and arrange the drug store in a small room not so large 
 as my present sanctum or parlor. Here I ajiplied myself patiently and industriously to 
 the study of chemistry and the history and the principles of drugs and medicines. For a 
 year and a half I made my home in Wellsboro, engaged in this business, having as u 
 compensation the profit made from the stock of candy I had purchased and started in 
 with. Unfortunately for my proKperity in this line, there were u number of very pretty 
 little girls in Wellsboro, likewise a number of boys who had a taste for sweetmeats and 
 who promised faithfully to pay peniiirs and sixpences in the future, but who, somehow 
 or other, never had the money when it was wanted. Anxious to secure trade, I adopted 
 the plan of giving candy to all the girls who came, and trusting the boys who wished 
 credit, so that at the end of the year not only my candy boxes but my pockets were 
 quite empty. I found myself not half so popular as when I had sweet things to give out 
 to all who would come for them. But I hud lots of fun in Wellsboro for all that. 
 
 Till'; TIUCA CULNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 This association was organized June 20, lM(i(), at the oflSce of the late Nelson 
 Packer, M. D., in Wellsboro, the original members being Drs. Nelson Packer, R. II. 
 Archer, 0. V. Elliott, ^^'. W. \\'ebb, Daniel Bacon and Otis \V. Gibson, a son of Dr. 
 Otis L. (libson, one of the early ])liysicians. The membership did not increase 
 rapidly and the ii\oetings were held irregularly. The meeting at Mansfield, De- 
 cember 19, ISCO, was tlie last until Septeiuber [K 18(18, when a meeting was held at 
 Tioga and the society revived. The long lapse was due to the excitement attendant 
 upon the Civil War. Those who attended this meeting were \V. W. Webb, Daniel 
 Hacdn, Robert M. Christy, Robert B. Smith, T. R. Warren, H. A. Phillips and Lewis 
 Darling, Jr. New life was infused into the society, and there followed an increase of 
 membership and interest. ]\leetings were held every three months, papers read and 
 questions dlHciissed pertaining to disea.'Jes and their treatment. These meetings were 
 regularl_y maintaiiieil until 1882, when the society again went into decline and prac- 
 tically ceased to exist. During the twenty-two years between its organization and 
 8URi)ensioM of activity, the following named physicians served as president: R. H. 
 Areher. iSCO; Daniel Bacon, 18C8-G9; Nelson Packer. 18:0; James :Masten. 18T1; 
 W. W. Webb, 1875; C. K. Thomi'^on. 18T3; W. T. Humphrey, lsT4; K,,l,rrt B. 
 Smith, 18T.">; Ijewis Darling'. Jr., 18T(;; M. L. T.aeon, ISTT: K. (;. Drake. 18:.-^; 
 (Jeorf;.' D. ^^faino. 18:0; A. ^[. I/Jop. 1880; C. K. Thomjison. 1881. and W. I». 
 Vedder, 1882. 
 
 After a lapse of fourteen years the association was again organized, at a meeting 
 hold January 24, 1806, in I.rfiwrenceville, at which the f.'liowing officers were elected 
 
206 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 to serve until the annual meeting: Wentworth D. Vedder, of Mansfield, president; 
 A. L. Bottum, of "Westfield, vice-president; Lewis Darling, Jr., of Lawrenceville, sec- 
 retary, and 0. W. Webb, of Wellsboro, treasurer. The annual meeting was held 
 June 19, 1896, when the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: A. L. 
 Bottum, of Westfield, president; Luther N. Cloos, of Keeneyville, vice-president; 
 Lewis Darling, Jr., of Lawrenceville, secretary, and C. W. Webb, of Wellsboro, 
 treasurer. The association now numbers twenty-seven physicians in its membership; 
 its meetings are held quarterly and the interest taken in them indicates that the as- 
 sociation is at last permanently organized. 
 
 CHAPTEE XIV. 
 
 EAELY MILITAEY HISTOEY. 
 
 Introduction— Eaely Settlers Who Were Revolutionary Soldiers— They 
 Led the Way Into the Wilderness- Peter Shumway's Discharge— A Price- 
 less Relic— The War of 1812— Settlers of Tioga Who Served in That 
 Struggle— Old Time Militia System— The Mexican War. 
 
 DUEING the Eevolutionary War that portion of Pennsylvania now embraced 
 within the limits of Tioga county was a savage-peopled wilderness. If o white 
 man was living within its borders, and none had penetrated its forest depths, save an 
 occasional hunter, trapper, spy, scout, or, perhaps, a Catholic or Moravian missionary. 
 While that memorable struggle was in progress, marauding bands of savages, from the 
 tribes farther north, frequently followed the trails leading south up the valleys of 
 the Tioga river and Crooked creek, and down those of Babb's and Pine creeks, and . 
 harrassed the settlers along the Susquehanna. So far as known, however, no conflict 
 between the two races ever took place on its soil, its early settlers being happily 
 spared the horrors of frontier warfare, with which those of other counties were but 
 too familiar. 
 
 This was due to the fact that before settlement began the land was acquired from 
 the Indians by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, in 1784, and was thereby open to peace- 
 able and unmolested occupation. Its pioneers had nothing to fear, unless, in the 
 event of an Indian war. Fortunately they were called upon to undergo no such ex- 
 periences, and were permitted to clear away the forests and cultivate their fields 
 in peace. 
 
 Although Tioga county, owing to its wilderness condition, and its distance from 
 the scene of active operations, is not embraced within the historic ground of the 
 Eevolution, it afterwards became the home and is to-day the resting place of a num- 
 ber of the patriotic soldiers of that memorable struggle. The first settlers at Law- 
 
EABLY MILITABT HISTOBT. 207 
 
 renceville, Tioga and in the Cowanesque valley were Kevolutionar}- soldiers, who 
 endured the privations of pioneer life in their wilderness homes with the same heroic 
 courage and patient fortitude that they displayed while contending against British 
 tyranny for the independence so nobly won by Washington and his patriotic army. 
 
 It is a matter for sincere regret that the names of all of these heroes of that great 
 struggle cannot be ascertained. A patient inquiry, however, has resulted in securing 
 the names which follow and the dates and places of their settlement. The list is be- 
 lieved, by those familiar with the early history of the different townships, to be 
 practically complete, and to embrace the names of all or nearly all of the Revolu- 
 tionary soldiers who became permanent settlers and residents of the county . 
 
 It was not until 1787, four years after the colonies had achieved their indepen- 
 dence, that Hon. Samuel Baker, the first white settler, came and reared a home for 
 himself and family within the confines of Tioga county. This herald of an advanc- 
 ing civilization was a Revolutionary soldier. In 17^^, being then a lioy of fourteen 
 years of age, while he and a younger brother were pickinf; berries near their home, 
 at White Crock, Washington cdunty, Niu York, he was captured liy Indians and 
 taken to the camp of Burgoync, where he was ri'dccmod l)y a British dtlicLT, who 
 jiaid twelve dollars for him, and made him a waitt-r at army headquarters. After 
 Burgoyne's surrender, an American officer gave young Baker two dollars and told him 
 to go home. This he did, remaining until 17S1, when he enlisted in Col. JIarius 
 Willett's regiment and took part in the skirmish of Canada Creek, in wliich Capt. 
 Walter Butler, a noted tory leader, was killed. Four years after the war closed Baker 
 turned his face toward the west, selected a site for a home near the junction of the 
 Tioga and Cowanescjue rivers, where Lawreneeville now stands, and thus became the 
 first white settler of Tiojja county. 
 
 \\'ithin a few months after his eoming Mr. Baker was joined liy .Vnios Stone, 
 who was a captain in the Coniu'elicut Line during the Revolutionary War, but who 
 afterwards beeanie an active participant in Shay's Rebellion. Shay was defeated 
 January 25, 1787, and his adherents were forced to seek refuf,'e from the Federal 
 authorities wherever they could. 
 
 Adam and (Jeorjjje Hart, natives of (rermany, and pioneer settlers in La\vTence 
 township, served seven years each in the Revolutionary army. Adam removed to 
 .Mansfield in 1S2;1 and (Jeor<;e became an early settler in Liberty township, where 
 his descendants still reside. 
 
 Andrew Holiday, a native of Ireland, came to America before the Revolution, 
 and finally settled at Stroudslmr^, .Monroe county, Pennsylvania. He served in the 
 Continental army and was a e:ood soldier. In 17!)9 or IStm he came to Tiopa county 
 and located at Lawreneeville. A few years later he removed to TroupsburL', New 
 York, but soon afterward rt'tiinied to Tioga county, and settled near Elkland, where 
 he died early in the present century. 
 
 IiiMihen Cook, Sr., the pioneer settler of the Cowanesque, west of Lawreneeville, 
 was a Revolutionary soldier. He settled in what afterward became Nelson town~liip. 
 in ITI'v or li!i.'!. It is not known in what command he served. Imt he wa.s frranted 
 a jiension of $)0 a year durin;; life by iln' It^gislnture of Pennsylvania in 182'^. For a 
 fuller account of him the reader is refeircd to the ehajjtcr devoted to Nelson horou^'h. 
 
 Kl)(iie/,er Seelve, a native of Connecticut, settled immetliately cast of .Vcademy 
 
208 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Corners in 1798, and resided there until his death, June 23, 1837, in the eighty- 
 second year of his age. He served throughout the Eevolutionary War in Sheldon's 
 Light Horse, a Connecticut company, and a portion of the time under Washington. 
 Before coming to Tioga county he became a Quaker, and was a consistent 
 adherent of that faith during the remainder of his life. He lies buried in the old 
 Quaker burying ground at KnoxTille. 
 
 Simon Eixford or Eexford, the first settler on the site of Knoxville, where he 
 located in 1799, was a native of Massachusetts. At the age of fifteen years he enlisted 
 in the Eevolutionary army and served seven years. He was afSicted with deafness 
 caused by proximity to artillery during battle. In 1820 he removed to Mixtown, 
 Clymer township, where he passed the remainder of his life, and where he lies buried. 
 
 Israel Bulkley, who came from Connecticut in 1800 and settled upon the farm 
 in Osceola now occupied by his grandson, Charles Bulkley, served a brief time in 
 Capt. N. "Waterman's company. Twentieth regiment, Connecticut militia, when 
 the British burned New London, Connecticut, in September, 1781. 
 
 Nathaniel Peaseley Moody, a native of Haverhill, Massachusetts, where he 
 was bom in 1760, entered the Continental army at the age of sixteen and served 
 through the Eevolution. In 1795 he settled at Wysox, Bradford coimty, Pennsyl- 
 vania, lived there a number of years, and then removed to Osceola, where he died in 
 1840, and where he lies buried. 
 
 David Jay, an early settler at Osceola, was a Eevolutionary soldier. But little 
 is known concerning him. His remains lie buried in the Osceola Cemetery. 
 
 Ayres Tuttle, a pioneer settler at Westfield, fought at Bunker Hill, as a member 
 of the patriot band who so stoutly resisted the British on that occasion. 
 
 Daniel Lee, who came to Tioga county from Otsego county. New York, and 
 was an early settler in Chatham township, was a soldier in the Eevolutionary 
 army. Many of his descendants still reside in Chatham township. 
 
 Samuel Tubbs, Sr., a native of Lyme, Connecticut, settled at Elkland in 1811. 
 He came to Pennsylvania in 1773, with his parents, and settled at Wyoming. August 
 26, 1776, he enlisted in Capt. Eobert Durkee's Independent company, which 
 was attached to Col. John Durkee's regiment of the Connecticut Line. He 
 participated in the battles of Bound Brook, Mill Stone Eiver, Mud Creek, Brandy- 
 wine and Germantown; wintered with the army at Valley Forge, and served in Sul- 
 livan's Expedition against the Indians in 1779. His command was on its way to 
 Wyoming the night of the massacre, and stopped at Shoup's tavern, Northumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania. He died at his home near Elkland, September 7, 1841, and 
 his remains rest in the cemetery at Osceola. 
 
 John Eyon, Sr., a pioneer settler at Elkland, whose parents were natives of Ire- 
 land, was born on the Atlantic Ocean, March 10, 1748, while they were enroute for 
 New York. He removed to the Wyoming valley, Pennsylvania, before the Eevolu- 
 tion. The records in the war department at Washington show that he served during 
 the Eevolutionary War as a private in Capt. Thaddeus Weed's, formerly 'Capt. Solo- 
 mon Strong's, Company, Fifth Connecticut regiment, commanded by Col. Philip 
 B. Bradley, from July, 1777 to December, 1780, and that he re-enlisted October 20, 
 1780, "for during the war." The records also show that he served as a sergeant in 
 the Fifth Company, formerly Capt. Thaddeus Weed's Company, Second Connecticut 
 

EABLY MILITARY HISTORY. 209 
 
 regiment, commanded by Col. Heman Swift, from March, 17S1, to April, 1783. A 
 portion of this time he was on duty in the commissary department in Xew York. 
 He was afterward pensioned, as a Revolutionary soldier, by the State of Connecticut. 
 
 John H. Brown, one of the pioneer settlers of Brookfield township, was a Revo- 
 lutionary soldier, though it is not known in what command he served. He settled 
 in Brookfield township in 1812. 
 
 Azel Nobles, one of the pioneers of Brookfield township, served in the Revolu- 
 tionary War, for which service he received a pension until the time of his death. 
 His son, Asahel Nobles, was a soldier in the War of 1812. 
 
 Jesse Losey, the first settler on the site of Tio<ja borough, was another Revolu- 
 tionary soldier. He claimed to have participated in the Battle of Bunker Hill, 
 being sixteen years old at the time, and to also have witnessed the execution of ifaj. 
 John Andre, at Tappan, New Jersey, October 2, 1780. He died March 12, 1814, 
 aged eighty-five years, and lies buried in the cemetery at Holidaytown. 
 
 Harris Hotchkiss, who settled at Tioga in 1804, was a native of ("iinecticut, 
 and a Revolutionary sailor and soldier. While in the marine service he was cap- 
 tured by the British and confined for Bome time in chains on board the notorious 
 prison ship "Jersey." He suffered much by exposure to cold and from want of 
 proper food. He died November 21, 1851, aged ninety-six years, and lies buried 
 in the old cemetery at Tioga. 
 
 Robert and Benjamin Patterson, who acted as giiides for the party who con- 
 structed the Williamson road in 1 702-93, were noted Indian scouts during the Revo- 
 lution, rendering valuable service to the cause of liberty, .\fter the opening of the 
 Williamson road they settled at Painted Post, New York. 
 
 In what is known as the Bentley burying ground in Rutland township, west of 
 Roseville, is a tombstone bearing the following inscription: 
 
 Daniel Wattles. 
 
 A Soldier of the Revolution. 
 
 Born In Connecticut in 1761 ; died In Tioga County. Pennsylvania, May 19, 1889. 
 
 This stone was erected to his memory by J. M. Wattles, of Bradford county, an a mark 
 
 of filial afPeotion and gratitude. 
 
 Daniel Wattles was one of the early settlers in Rutland township, but the year 
 of his coming could not be ascertained. He sorvod during the Revolutionary War 
 in Capt. William Moulton's company of the Second Battalion, raised for the defense 
 of the Connecticut coast, from Horseneck to New Haven. He was hired by the town 
 of Lebanon, C<innecticut, and joined the company July 2.5, 1781. 
 
 Stephen Morrill, Sr., a native of Maine, and an early settler in Jackson townsiiip, 
 was a veteran of the Revolution. His son, Stephen, served in the War of 1812, in a 
 marine regiment. 
 
 James Gray, Sr., came from Otsego county, Xew York, and settled at Gra/s 
 ^'allpy, in Sullivan township, in 1805, and was one of the pioneers of the town.ship. 
 Hf was born in Sharon, (Connecticut, in ITGO, scned seven years in the (Continental 
 nrniy and was discharged with the rank of captain. He died in Sullivan township 
 in March, 1846. 
 U 
 
2J^Q HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Russell Rose settled in what is now Ward township in 1807, but soon afterward 
 removed to and located near the State road in Sullivan township. He was born in 
 Connecticut, June 11, 1753, and when twenty-three years of age enlisted in the 
 Continental army and remained until the war ended, rendering good and efficient 
 service. While in camp at Valley Forge he was promoted to serve as an aide on 
 Washington's staff. He died in Sullivan township June 1, 1830. 
 
 Jeremiah Rumsey, an early settler in Sullivan township, was also a soldier in 
 the Revolutionary army. He resided in Sullivan township for many years and died 
 at the age of ninety. 
 
 Ebenezer Burley, who settled in Richmond township in 1808, was a Revolutionary 
 soldier. He died in 1837, aged eighty-seven years. 
 
 Seth Clark, who came from Wilbraham, Massachusetts, in 1814, and settled in 
 Richmond township, was a Revolutionary soldier and carried a musket under Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Deacon Isaac Lownsbery, bom December 31, 1757, served in the Revolutionary 
 army. He came to Tioga county in 1818 and settled at Canoe Camp, where he died 
 April 4, 1851, aged ninety-four years. 
 
 Major Ebenezer Ripley, who came from Cooperstown, New York, in 1817, and 
 settled at Lamb's Creek, served in the Continental army with the rank of major. 
 After coming to Tioga county he was appointed a justice of the peace. 
 
 Lieut. Jacob Allen, who was born in Massachusetts in 1763, entered the Con- 
 tinental army as an aide-de-camp to his father, who was killed in the early part of 
 the war. Young Allen remained in the service to the close and was promoted to the 
 rank of lieutenant. He came from Massachusetts in 1818 and settled near Mans- 
 field, where he died December 11, 1836, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Peter Shumway, a native of Massachusetts, came to Tioga county about 1805, 
 and located at Mansfield. A year later he removed to Charleston township, and 
 settled on Shumway Hill. He was a veteran of the Revolution, serving nearly seven 
 years. There is now in the possession of his great-grandson, Peter E. Shumway, of 
 Wellsboro, the original discharge received by him, June 9, 1783. This rare and 
 highly-prized relic shows that Peter Shumway was a "soldier of the Fourth Massa- 
 chusetts regiment;" that he "faithfully served the United States six years and three 
 months," having "enlisted for the war only." John Trumbull, Jr., certifies that it 
 was "given at headquarters by His Excellency's command." It was signed by Wash- 
 ington himself, the signature, "Go Washington," being clear, bold and distinct. It 
 bears unmistakable evidence of genuineness. Another high officer, whose name 
 has become dimmed by age, certifies that "the above Peter Shumway, soldier, has 
 been honored with the badge of merit, for six years' faithful service," and "John M. 
 Davis, adjutant," certifies that it is "registered in the books of the regiment." 
 
 This venerable relic of Revolutionary days, although 114 years old, is in a fair 
 state of preservation, and with care will easily last another century. Inclosed in the 
 same frame with the discharge are two specimens of "Massachusetts Bay" paper 
 money of the time, coarse-grained and antique in design. One bill is of the denom- 
 ination of $8; the other is No. 59,338, and calls for $65, "in gold or silver." In the 
 contemplation of these old documents one's mind is carried back to "the time that 
 
EABLY MILITABT HISTORY. 211 
 
 tried men's bouIb" — the days that were dark and gloomy, and when the cause of 
 liberty trembled in the balance. 
 
 After Peter Shumway's death in 1833, the discharge passed into the hands of 
 his son, Sleeman Shumway. He died May 3, 1864. It then became the property 
 of his son, N. P. Shumway. During recent years it has l)ucn in the possession of 
 Melvina L. Shumway, wife of Jonathan V. Morgan, and is now owned by Peter E. 
 Shumway, Wellsboro, a great-grandson of the Peter Shumway to whom it was origin- 
 ally given as an evidence of faithful service in the Revolutionary army. It is an 
 heirloom of inestimable value. 
 
 Col. Justus Dartt, the founder of the Dartt settlement in Charleston township, 
 where he located in 1811, was a soldier of the Revolution and afterwards a colonel 
 in the Vermont militia. He died in Charleston July ">, 1838, aged eighty-one years. 
 
 Israel (irocnlcuf, an early settliT and taveni keeper in Wellsboro, was also a 
 Revolutionary soldier. He died June 1, 1817, aged eighty-two years, and lieti buried 
 in the old graveyard on Academy Hill in Wellsboro. In the suiiu' graveyard lies 
 buried Joseph Thompson, another Revolutionary soldier, who died November '-';!, 
 1842, aged eighty-live years. This graveyard, haviii}^ been abandoned many years 
 ago, has become overgrown with brush and brambles, and the graves of these two 
 heroes are sadly neglected. 
 
 Deacon Ifichard Ellis, a native of Mnssiuhusetts, served in the Hev.ihitionary 
 army. He settled in Deliiiar township in 1811 and died in Ellisburg, Potter comity, 
 in 1841. 
 
 Royal Colo, who settled in Wellsboro about 1818, and who became a well-known 
 and prominent citizen, was a veteran of both the Revolutionary War and the War of 
 ISl'-i. He died in Wellslxiro, July I, IHI!), in his nint'tieth year. 
 
 Roln'rt Steele, Sr., was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, about 17t;<;. He ser\ed 
 a short time in the Revolutionary army. In ISO.") he came to Tioga county and 
 was the first settler on the site of "Hifj Meadows," now Aiisonia. He died at the 
 home of his son Robert in Del mar township in 1836. 
 
 Robert Campliell, a pioneer of Morris townshi]), enlisted in the ( nniinental 
 army when only sixteen years of age, and served under Washington, lie lies buried 
 at Cammal, Lyeoming county. 
 
 THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 As Tioga was a frontier county, and sparsely populated, she was not called on 
 to raise a military company during the War of ISf?. .Some apprehension was felt 
 that the Seneca Indians, whose territory was close to the county, might be tampered 
 with by the I5ritish and induced to make trouble. Governor Sny.ler was com- 
 municated with by some of the citizens of this and the adjoining counties on the 
 west, whose fear of an Indian invasion was great, and they went so far as to reque>t 
 military protection, but the governor succeeded in allaying their fears. 
 
 When the British burned Buffalo in ISI I. the feeling generally prevailed that 
 they intended to march south and lay the coimtry in wasti'. and a call was made for 
 men to meet the invaders. A eompany was collected from the Tioga and Cowan- 
 isipie valleys at Ijawreneeville, in I'ebruary of tluit year, and Henry Baldwin was 
 chosen captain. U is not known that any roster of the company is now in cxis- 
 
212 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tence. This organization was purely volunteer. The company proceeded in 
 sleighs to Dansville, New York, and were put in a camp of instruction. But as the 
 British retired after their assault on Buffalo, the alarm subsided and the Lawrence- 
 ville company was sent home and disbanded. Among those who joined the com- 
 pany were the following from Osceola: Samuel Tubbs, Jr., David Taylor, Eeuben 
 Cook, Jr., and Andrew Bosard. The following pioneers of Deerfield township were 
 also members of this company: Newbury Cloos, John Knox, Charles Carpenter, 
 Elanson Seelye and Eleazer Seelye. Those who enlisted in this company were 
 afterwards given land warrants by the government of the United States, and in 1879 
 Reuben Cook received a pension of $8 a month. 
 
 A number of companies on their way to Black Eock passed through Tioga 
 county over the Williamson road, as it was the principal thoroughfare down the 
 Tioga valley at this time. The State road, as it was called, was also used. The 
 companies came from the lower counties, ajid the Tioga valley at times presented 
 quite a martial appearance as they marched through. Some artillery and many 
 baggage wagons passed this way. 
 
 In addition to the few who enlisted from the county while the war was in 
 progress, there afterwards settled in the various townships a number of men who 
 served from other states and from other parts of Pennsylvania. The names of all 
 of these have not been preserved, owing to some of them making a stay of but a few 
 years in the county, while others died, leaving no descendants to perpetuate either 
 names or memory. We give the names of such as we have been able to obtain. 
 
 Edsell Mitchell, reputed to be the first white child born in Tioga county, 
 served in the War of 1812, and in 1816 removed from Mitchell's Creek, Tioga town- 
 ship, his birthplace, to Middlebury township, where many of his descendants still 
 reside. He died August 15, 1870. 
 
 Ebenezer Ferry, who settled in Tioga township in 1818, was a native of Massa- 
 chusetts and served from that State. He removed to Charleston township in 1839, 
 and there died at a ripe old age. 
 
 John B. Earr, Sr., a native of England, who came to Tioga county about 1800 
 and finally settled in Sullivan township, saw service during the war. He died in 
 1863, aged ninety-four years. 
 
 Daniel Rose, eldest son of Russell Rose, one of the pioneers of Sullivan town- 
 ship, enlisted soon after war was declared, and served until May, 1814. His 
 father saw service during the Revolution under Washington. Daniel' died August 
 36, 1870, aged seventy-eight years. 
 
 James Cudworth, Sr., who came with his parents to Sullivan township about 
 1808, served as a drummer boy in the War of 1813. 
 
 Capt. Levi Mabie, an early settler in Sullivan township, served as a captain in 
 the Seventieth New York regiment. 
 
 Jacob Hulslander, the son of a Revolutionary soldier, served in a New York 
 regiment. He came from Tompkins county. New York, to Sullivan township in 
 1831. He died in May, 1849. 
 
 Gad Lamb, the pioneer settler at Lamb's Creek, was commissioned a captain 
 durmg the War of 1813, but was not called into service. 
 
 Francis Upton Spencer, who lies buried in the old cemetery at Canoe Camp, is 
 
EAELY MILITABT HI8T0HT. 213 
 
 said to have been a soldier in the War of 1812. Xothing definite concerning his 
 history can be ascertained. 
 
 Cornelius Middaugh, who settled in LaAvrence township soon after the War of 
 1812, served from Bradford county during that struggle. 
 
 John A. Smith, an early settler in Lawrence and later a resident of Nelson 
 township, was in the service during the war, presumably from Cortland county, 
 New York, the place of his nativity. 
 
 James Smith, a native of Vermont, and an early settler in Nelson township, 
 also saw service, but in what command is not known. 
 
 Sylvester Stewart and John Weeks, both of whom settled in Nelson township 
 in 1838, were in the service during the War of 1812, though in what command cannot 
 be ascertained. 
 
 Col. Marinus W. StuU, a native of Southport, Clumung county. New York, was 
 an early settler at Elkland. He served in the War of 1812 from his native State, 
 and later in life was for seven years a colonel of militia. He died at Elkland m 
 
 June, 1864. ^. ^. , , ,, _ 
 
 William Casbeer was a resident of Tioga county, N.w \ork, when the «ar 
 began He served in it, and in 1816 removed to Osc.ola, remaining there until 
 1841 when he located in Farmington township, where he passed the remainder of 
 his life. Hifl mother, Catherine Jay, waa a descendant of John Jay, the celebrated 
 
 ^"""'william Wass, who was boi-n in Su.se.x county. Now York, saw service during 
 the wax and in 1817 settled in Deerfield township. A few years later he removed to 
 Chatham township, where he died May 18, 1889, in his ninety-fifth year. 
 
 Asahel Nobles, son of Azel Nobles, a Revolutionary soldier, served in the \\ ar 
 of 1812 and settled in Brookfield township in 181.1, coming into the township with 
 his father. Five generations of the family have lived on the old homestead in 
 
 Brookfield township. , t t 
 
 George W Hunt, son of George Hunt, a soldier in the French and Indian \\ ar, 
 was bom in Connecticut in! r7 1. During the War of 1812 he served three years, 
 enlisting from Jliddleton, Delaware county. New York. He removed to Brook- 
 field township in 1811 and there resided until his death in 1859. 
 
 Godfrey Bowman was born in Connecticut in 1792. In 1802 he removed to 
 Kingston, Pennsylvania, and in March, 1813, enlisted in the Kingston Volunteers, 
 under ( 'aptain Thomas. He was assigned to duty in the shipyard at Erie, and 
 worked upon the ships for Porr\-'s lleet. He was ordered aboard the "Soiners"' in 
 August, 1813, commanded by Captain Amy, and took part in the celebrated naval 
 battle on Lake Erie. September 10, 1813, known in history as 'Terry s Victors." 
 He was wounded, but as soon as his wound wa.-; dressed he returned to his post. In 
 testimony of his bravery, the State of Pennsylvania presented him vrith a medal, 
 which is now in the pos.session of his son, Hon. Charles 0. Bowman, of Erie county, 
 Pennsylvania, Ho settled in Brookfield township in 1810, and there passed the 
 remainder of his life. 
 
 Dunean L. Thompson, an early settler in WestfieUl towiiship, served at Sark.tts 
 Harbor as a soldier durinj: the War of 1812. 
 
 Daniel Hunt was bom in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, in 1796, and was the 
 
214 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 son of William Hunt, a Eevolutionary soldier. Daniel was reared in Lansing, New 
 York, and was a soldier in the War of 1813. In 1840 he settled in Westfield 
 township, where he resided until his death, December 14, 1862. 
 
 Jared Davis was born in Ehode Island, September 25, 1795, and was reared to 
 manhood in the town of Butternut, Otsego county, New York, serving as as soldier 
 during the War of 1813. In 1840 he removed to Knoxville, but only remained one 
 year. In 1846 he returned to Tioga county and settled in Gaines township, where 
 he remained until 1858, when he took up his residence at what is now known as 
 Davis Station, in Clymer township. Here he died November 23, 1883. 
 
 Thomas Eldridge, a native of Vermont, came to Tioga county in 1847, and 
 settled in Clymer township, where he died in 1867. He was the son of a Eevolu- 
 tionary soldier and served in the War of 1813. 
 
 Matthew Boom, who was born in Delaware county, in 1798, did service as a 
 guide during the War of 1813. In 1836 he settled in Chatham township and there 
 resided until his death. 
 
 Samuel P. King, who settled in Chatham township in 1843, saw service during 
 the War of 1812. He died in 1864, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 Jason Cooper, who came from Tompkins county. New York, in 1844, and set- 
 tled in Chatham township, was a soldier in the War of 1813, serving from New 
 York. 
 
 John Crippen was born in Delaware county. New York, in 1796. At the age 
 of nineteen he entered the service of the United States during the War of 1813, as 
 a substitute for a man named Kimball. In 1834 he came to Tioga county and located 
 in Eutland township, remaining until 1839, when he removed to Farmington town- 
 ship, and became the first settler on Farmington Hill. _ He died March 4, 1875. 
 
 Peter Mourey was born in Germany in 1793, and came to America with his 
 parents in childhood. They settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania, where Peter 
 resided until 1830, when he came to Tioga county and located in Farmington 
 township, where he passed the remainder of his life. While living in Berks county 
 he served as a soldier during the War of 1813. 
 
 Duncan Carl, a soldier in the War of 1813, came from Washington county. 
 New York, and settled in Farmington township in 1846. 
 
 Stephen Morrill, Jr., a native of Maine, served in the War of 1813 from his 
 native state. His father was a soldier in the Eevolutionary war, and both settled in 
 Jackson township in the early thirties, where Stephen, Jr., died in 1881. 
 
 Solomon Westbiook was born in Chemung county. New York, in 1796, there 
 grew to manhood, and served in the War of 1813. A few years after the close of 
 the war he came to Tioga county, lived two years in Lawrence township, and then 
 settled permanently in Middlebury township, where he died in August, 1863. 
 
 Henry H. Potter was born in Ehode Island, September 15, 1791, and removed 
 with his parents to Onondaga county, New York, in 1804. He was a soldier in 
 the War of 1813, serving under General Scott, and participated in the battle of 
 Lundy's Lane and other engagements on the Canadian frontier. In 1837 he came 
 to Tioga county and located in Lawrenceville, and later removed to Tioga, where 
 he remained until 1843, when he settled at what is now known as Middlebury 
 Center, in Middlebury township. Here he resided until his death, March 24, 1879. 
 
EABLY MILITABT HI8T0BT. 215 
 
 Vine Seagers, served during the War of 1812 from his native state, Massachu- 
 setts, and soon afterward came to Tioga county and settled in Charleston township. 
 He afterward removed to Westfield. He died in December, 1871. 
 
 Royal Cole, a Eevolutionary soldier, also served in the War of 1812. He 
 settled at Wellsboro in 1818, residing there imtU his death, July 4, 1849, in his 
 ninetieth year. 
 
 John Pershing, a native of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, and a 
 soldier of the War of 1812, located in Gaines township in 1814, coming by canoe 
 from Williamsport. He removed to Potter county in 1840, but finally returned to 
 Gaines, where he died October 12, 1886, in his one hundredth year. 
 
 Homer Ruggles, a native of New York state, and an early settler in Elk town- 
 ship, served in the War of 1812. He died in 1865. 
 
 John Sebring was bom in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1793, and was 
 a soldier in the War of 1812. He came to Tioga county and settled at Liberty. 
 Possessing a fondness for military duties, he was successively commissioned captain, 
 major, colonel, and June 22, 1854, a brigadier general of militia. He died a few 
 years ago at an advanced age. 
 
 John Neal, who was born near Philadelphia, and who became one of the 
 pioneer settlers of Liberty township, was a soldier during the War of 1812. He 
 died in 1871. 
 
 John J. Cole, son of John Cole, a Eevolutionary soldier, served during the 
 War of 1812. He came to Tioga county about 1827 and settled in Union township. 
 He died in Canton, Bradford county, in 1865. 
 
 OLD TIME MILITIA SYSTEM. 
 
 The act of April 10, 1807, directed the organization of the militia of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and the State was apjiortioned into military divisions, with a major general 
 commanding. Tioga county belonged to the Ninth division, and some of the 
 officers served for years at a time. According to the law, company organizations 
 met on the first Monday of May for practice and drill. This wa.'^ followed on the 
 second Jlonday by battalion drill and inspection, at which the general commanding 
 and other line oEBcers appeared. These "training" days were a great event. The 
 men usually appeared with corn stalks and canes for arms, and thus equipped were 
 "put through" the manual. Many exciting incidents occurred on these warlike 
 occasions, and there are men yet living who have a vivid recollection of the fights 
 and fisticuffs that occurred on "training day." The region of Tioga county did not 
 come under the militia law until about 1812. Two citizens of Osceola attained the 
 rank of colonel, but the date cannot be ascertained. Robert Tubbs" term as colonel 
 expired about 1821, and Philip Taylor was colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 ninth regiment. Second brigade. Ninth division, from 1828 to 1835. As late as 
 June 2, 1848, James Tubbs was captain of the Sixth company, Second battalion. 
 Third regiment. Tenth division. 
 
 In early day.'* battalion "traininj,'s' were usuallv held at Knoxvillc, or Willards- 
 burp, now known as the Iwrough of Tioga. As late as 1830 Inspector Horton, of 
 Bradford county, was a reviewing officer. In the days of Colonel Taylor, Hiram 
 Freeborn was lieutenant colonel, and Marinus W. Stull major. Georp' T. Frazer 
 
216 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 was captain of the Deerfield company, Israel P. Kinney of tHe Middlebury company, 
 and Timothy S. Coats of the Elkland company. On the breaking out of the War of 
 the Eebellion, Eobert C. Cox, of Liberty, was brigade inspector under the old 
 militia laws. 
 
 THE MEXICAN WAK. 
 
 Pezmsylvania furnished but two regiments to the army that invaded Mexico in 
 1846-47 and wrested from her all that portion of her territory lying north of the 
 Eio Grande. As these regiments were enlisted in the larger cities and near the hues 
 of railroad and the sea coast, Tioga county was not formally called upon to help fill 
 their ranks. 
 
 George Henry Gee, who was living at the time of the breaking out of the war 
 within the present limits of Osceola borough, accompanied the army of General 
 Taylor in his campaign in Mexico, but not in the capacity of a soldier. 
 
 George Hebe was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1809. In 1819 he came 
 to America with his step-father, who settled in Liberty township. In 1833 he mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Myrtle, of Schuylkill county, where he appears to have resided for a 
 number of years afterward. In 1843-44 he was colonel of the Schuylkill County 
 Volunteers. Upon the breaking out of the Mexican "War he enlisted as a private in 
 the First Pennsylvania regiment, under Colonel Wynkoop. He served during the 
 war and was promoted to a staff office. He died a few years ago in Liberty township, 
 at an advanced age. 
 
 CHAPTER XY. 
 
 "WAK OP THE EEBELLION. 
 
 The Pieing on Foet Sumtee— Reception of the News in Wellsboro— Meeting 
 
 OF THE BOEOUGH COUNCIL— RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED— MES. MAEY H. CLYMEE'S 
 
 Patriotic Act and Lbttee— The Fiest Volunteers- Gen. Robeet C. Cox's 
 Interesting Naeeative— Rosters of Companies Raised in Tioga County 
 —Miscellaneous Commands— In New York Regiments— In Other States— 
 The Fourteenth United States Infantry- Soldiees' Monument— Losses 
 IN the War. 
 
 THE moment the startling report of the firing on Fort Sumter reached Tioga 
 county, the patriotism of the people was aroused, and in a few days it was at fever 
 heat. Such a traitorous act served to quickly tear away the cobwebs of sophistry 
 which had obscured the judgment of men, and imited them in defense of the flag. 
 The news of the assault reached Washington April 13, 1861, and on the morning of 
 the 15th President Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the 
 
WAB OF THE BEBELLION. 217 
 
 insurrection. There was a quick and noble response on the part of the people. On 
 April 20 the council of Wellsboro met and passed the following: 
 
 Whereas, The general government having called upon the states for troops to sus- 
 tain its authority, and the people of this village having manifested a praiseworthy 
 alacrity and zeal in responding to the call, now therefore we, the burgess and council of 
 Wellsboro, acting officially do hereby 
 
 Besolve, That we vrill pledge the faith of this borough to provide for the families of 
 such of our citizens, during such service, as may enlist and serve in the army of our 
 government and our country. 
 
 Samuel R. Smith, H. Sherwood, 
 
 Clerk pro tern. Burgett. 
 
 Eobert C. Simpson, Esq., on behalf of Mrs. William B. Clymer, then a resident 
 of the village, presented to the people of Wellsboro, through the burgess and council, 
 a United States flag, which was accepted by resolution as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That this board accept the beautiful flag presented by Mrs. William B. 
 Clymer, and have a lively sense of gratitude for this token of her friendship towards the 
 people of Wellsboro, and her patriotism in the hour of our country's trial. 
 
 Resolved that the burgess transmit to Mrs. Clymer a copy of this resolution. 
 
 On receipt of the foregoing resolution of thanks .Mrs. Clymer replied in the fol- 
 lowing patriotic letter: 
 
 Wellsboro, May 'J, 1861. 
 Henbt Sherwood, Esq. 
 
 Dear Sir: — I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt this afternoon of your 
 polite note of the 4th instant, with a copy of the resolutions passed the same day by the 
 burgess and council of Wellsboro. 
 
 I am gratified to learn that the flag which I bad the pleasure of presenting to the 
 •people of Wellsboro bus been accepted by them in the spirit in which it was presented. 
 I trust that rebellion will be crushed in the land — the cause of law and order be upheld, 
 and that the same emblem of liberty which floats over "The tireen," and from the house- 
 tops of our beautiful village, will spread its ample folds to the end of time, with no star 
 erased, no stripe polluted, over every sea and over the entire length and breadth of the 
 American Union. 
 
 With sentiments of respect for the burgess and council of Wellsboro, I am, very truly 
 yours. Mary H. Clyukr*. 
 
 No county in the Commonwealth evinced a higher degree of patriotism, or was 
 more prompt in furnishing volunteers to aid in suppressing the Rebellit)n, than 
 Tioga. Gen. IJobert C. Cox, in his pamphlet entitled "ilemories of the War," tUuih 
 tolls how quickly they actod on the receipt of the startling news that Fort Sumter 
 had been taken and that our troops had been fired upon in Baltimore: 
 
 On a beautiful Sunday morning, April 21, 18C1. while eating breakfast, I heard a rap 
 at tho door. I immediately opened it and found stamliii'j there Julius Sherwood, of 
 Wellsboro, and Capt. Nelson Whitney, of Charleston. They said: "We have come here 
 to get you to go with usf to Wellsboro." I asked : ' For what purpose?" Thty replied : 
 "Have you not beard the news that Fort Sumter has been fired upon and Major Anderson 
 compelled to surrender, and that only day before yesterday our troops were fired upon 
 while paSHing throu^'li Baltimore en route to proti-ct and save the Nation's capital?" I 
 said I had heard the news from Sumter, but knew nothing about the firing on our troop-. 
 
 *MTt Clymer, Ihc wrllcr of IhU patriotic letter, was loel, together with her son and dauehter, bv Uie »ink- 
 tncorthc Pomerauia, November ij, i('7'< 
 
 f ilrneral Coa waa then llviiiK at Liberty, but U now a resident of Wellsboro. 
 
218 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 They said : "You are the brigade inspector of this county and we want you to or- 
 ganize two companies at Wellsboro of 100 men each, and to go with us to-day, for the 
 men will be there so that it can be done to-morrow." They then left me and went to the 
 hotel. 
 
 After breakfast I called at the hotel, and in a short time the Liberty drum corps was 
 on hand, and in less than one hour there was a large gathering of people in and about 
 the hotel and on the street. Service was to be held in the Methodist and Evangelical 
 churches at 10.30 A. M.; but the result was that no service was held in either church, 
 for the people were all engaged in another matter. 
 
 About 3 o'clock the same day Gen. Josiah Harding, Col. Levi Landon, Maj. J. G. 
 Albeck, J. H. Levegood and I myself started for Wellsboro, reaching there about 3 o'clock 
 Monday morning. We found the town illuminated from one end to the other. Men were 
 standing in groups on almost every corner discussing the question of enlisting for the 
 war; there was no chance for any one to sleep. About 3 o'clock P. M., we organized a 
 company of 100 men, who elected Julius Sherwood their captain. Immediately we organ- 
 ized another company of 100 men, who elected Alanson E. Niles their captain. 
 
 On the follovying day, Tuesday, we went to Tioga borough. I organized a company 
 of 100 men, who elected Hugh McDonald their captain. The same evening I went to 
 Lawrenceville and after dusk we met in a large hall and organized a company of 100 men, 
 who elected Phil. Holland their captain. The next day, Wednesday, I went to Covington 
 and there organized a company of 100 men, who elected A. L. Johnson their captain. 
 The same afternoon we went to Mainesburg and there organized a company of 100 men, 
 who elected Henry B. Card their captain — making six companies in all. 
 
 On Monday morning the two Wellsboro companies started for Troy, Bradford 
 county, and on reaching Covington we were joined by Captains Holland's, McDonald's 
 and Johnson's companies. In this way we foriued a line of march and reaching the forks 
 of the road leading from Mainesburg to Troy, were joined by Captain Card and his com- 
 pany, forming a line of at least half a mile in length while we were on the march about 
 five miles from Troy. 
 
 All of a sudden the column halted, and I never knew who gave the order. The center 
 of the column, where our flag was being carried, was in front of a farm house, whose 
 occupant, as I soon learned, was known to some of the boys to be a sympathizer vnth 
 rebels. I saw some of the men go to the house and the old farmer came out, while 
 others took the flag and placed it in the farmer's door yard, vyhen he was ordered to get 
 down on his knees under the flag and ask God to forgive him, or his house would come 
 down. He did it, apparently with a hearty good will. We then proceeded on our journey, 
 reaching Troy about 8 o'clock P. M., where we met with a most cordial and welcome 
 reception. The people opened their halls, churches and private houses to make room for 
 us and afford us accommodations. 
 
 We were compelled to remain there about eight days for the want of transportation. 
 After the expiration of five or six days our men became quite dissatisfied with their sit- 
 uation, declaring that they had left their homes to go to the front and fight rebels, and 
 that they wanted to go on or return home. There was a meeting of the officers called, 
 and at that meeting it was decided that General Harding should go immediately to Har- 
 risburg and state our condition to Governor Curtin and ask that transportation be fur- 
 nished at the earliest possible moment. The General left Troy the same day. The next 
 day, on his return from Harrisburg, and on reaching Northumberland, where the train 
 stopped for a short time, the General had occasion to step from the car a moment, and 
 when about to step on the porch of a hotel he was seized by three men and pushed 
 through the crowd into a room and the door locked. He wore a full regulation uniform, as 
 required under the old militia law, consisting of a pair of large gilt epaulets and chapeau 
 cap, which attracted attention. They took him to be a rebel spy! » * * They kept 
 the General until they received a dispatch from Troy that he was all right, when they 
 released him. The General made this statement to me the next morning. 
 
 We occupied the time as well as we could while there, drilling or learning the first 
 school of a soldier without arms. Finally transportation was furnished and we were 
 
WAK OF THE BEBELLIOX. 219 
 
 all taken to Harrisburg, where we reported to Col. Edward Bruce, the commanding 
 officer of Camp Curtin. Here we remained about two weeks, during which time our men 
 suffered very much; for three days it rained almost continuously, mixed with snow. 
 More than one-half of our men were without blankets and some without tents; many 
 were thinly dressed, expecting to be clad with the national blue as soon as we reached 
 Harrisburg. We made frequent caUs on Governor Curtin, who finally told us that the 
 quota that the State of Pennsylvania was to furnish was more than full, and that they 
 did not have clothing and equipments for more than one-half of our men. Ck>Dsequently 
 Captain McDonald with part of his company. Captain Holland with part of his company, 
 Captain Sherwood with part of his company, and Captain XUes with part of his com- 
 pany, were mustered into the service. The remainder, about 300 men, were sent home. 
 
 THIETT-FIFTH EEGIMENT — SIXTH BESEEVE. 
 
 This regiment was composed of men who had responded to the call of President 
 Lincoln issued immediately after the fall of I'ort Sumter. Upon their arrival at 
 Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, finding it impossible to be accepted for the three months' 
 service, the quota being already full, they re-enlisted for a term of three years, the 
 "Tioga luvincibles," commanded by Capt. Julius Sherwood, becoming Company H, of 
 this regiment, the organization of which was completed June 22, 1861. It continued 
 in the service until June 11, 18G4, when it was mustered out at Harrisburg. 
 
 The following were the field officers selected at the time the regiment was or- 
 ganized: W. Wallace Eicketts, of Columbia county, colonel; William Penrose, lieu- 
 tenant-colonel; Henry J. Madill, of Bradford county, major; Henry B. M'Kean, 
 Bradford county, adjutant. The regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade of 
 General M'Call's Division. Its initial engagement was fought at Drainsville, De- 
 cember 20, 1861, and resulted in a Union victory. The principal engagements in 
 which it afterwards participated were Malvern Hill, Gaines Mills, Second Bull Run, 
 Antietam, Fredericksburg, (Jettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Bethesda 
 Church. In the last engngenient, though the regiment was but 1 JO strong, it cap- 
 tured 102 and buried seventy-two dead rebels in its immediate front. 
 
 After three years' service in the camp and on the march, in which it shared the 
 privations and hardships, as well as the glory, of the Army of the Potomac, the regi- 
 ment, on June 1, 1864, started for Harrisburg, where it was mustered out of service 
 on the Mth of the same month. 
 
 Company H of this regiment was recruited at Wellsboro, the date of its organi- 
 zation being June 2'i, 1861. It was known as the 'Tioga Invincibles." The follow- 
 ing is a list of its commissioned, non-commissioned officers and privates: 
 
 Captains: Julius Slierwood and James Carle. Captain Carle subsequently 
 served as colonel of the One Hundred and Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers from 
 June 6, 1864. 
 
 I'irst Lieutenants: Marinus N. Allen, James Carle, John W. Rose, Silas S. 
 Rockwell I and James B. Goodman. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: John W. Rose, John Hinman, Reuben M. Pratt*, Silas 
 
 RockwollJ and James B. Goodman. Frank A. Foster was commissioned second 
 
 lieutenant September 17, 1863, but was not mustered, having died May 10, 1S63, of 
 
 wounds received in action. It was a post-mortem recognition of meritorinus service. 
 
 Quartermaster: A. A. Scudder. 
 
 • Killnl or mortally woumlcd. { Woundnl. r Died. 
 
220 HISTOET 01' TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant: James B. Groodman. 
 
 Sergeants: James Carle, Eeuben M. Pratt*, A. A. Scudder, Silas S. Roekwellt, 
 John Hinman, A. S. Husselton, A. E. Vermilyea, Calvin Ely, Eansford B. Webb, 
 Hiram J. Eamsdell, George W. Merrick, Prank A. Foster* and W. Prank Bailey. 
 
 Corporals: George W. Merrick, Hiram J. Eamsdell, Eansford B. Webb, Charles 
 H. Maxwell, A. E. Vermilyea, A. S. Hnsselton, Calvin Ely, Oscar J. Phillips, Hobaxt 
 Eipley, James S. Statts, Charles Yahn, John S. Blanchard, P. E. Warren, S. P. 
 Stacey, Abram Lyon, C. C. Cone, W. P. Christian and William D. Van Horn*. 
 
 Musicians: William Wisner and C. E. Nichols. 
 
 Privates: Erwin E. Athertonf, P. H. Blanchard, Caleb Babb, John Ballard, 
 James N. Bickel, Patrick Brown, Lucien J . Bragg, Morgan L. Bacon, Josiah Coolidge, 
 Thomas Conway, Edmund Carriel, Orlando V. Crans, Ira P. Curran, Camp- 
 bell Cole*, James Cowden*, Wallace Codney, Simon Dnrlacher, Arnold Dick- 
 inson, John Doyle, George W. Emmick, John L. Emmick, Thomas L. Emmick, 
 John Gibbony, George H. Gotchins, George L. Grinnell, John Gibberd*, 
 Harrison C. Gusten*, James H. Hazlett, George Harbst, Darius D. Holiday, John 
 Harrisonf, William Huck*, S. S. Ives, Burke P. Ives, John D. Jones, Han- 
 nibal Jay, George JenningsJ, Jeremiah Jennings*, Henry Kimble, Henry J. Keeney, 
 William Kriner, Luther J. Keeney, S. J. Losinger, Jeremiah Love, Prank Long- 
 bothum, Charles H. Maxwell, William Margraff*, James Moore*, Thomas K. Mc- 
 Clure, Michael Macumber, Chester E. Nichols, Jerry O'Cohnell, Chauncey K. 
 PahnerJ, Harry T. Peet, Joseph D. Eamsdall, Joseph E. Eumsey, Albert J. Eussell, 
 William Sando, Michael Smith, John Sulhvan, Jacob F. SchieflEelin, S. E. Seaman, 
 Benjamin Seely, A. 0. Swatswood, John Taggart*, George E. Wilson, Asa Warriner, 
 Hiram Warriner, William H. Wisener, William WingateJ, Job Wetmore, Almond 
 Wetmore and D. W. Wetherbeef . 
 
 FOETT-SECOND EEGIMENT BUOKTAILS. 
 
 This famous regiment was at first commanded by Col. Thomas L. Kane, and 
 was organized June 12, 1861. As its history is well known it need not be repeated 
 here. Each man wore a bucktail in his cap, which became the emblem of the regi- 
 ment. After seeing much hard service the regiment was mustered out June 11, 1864, 
 having served three years. 
 
 "The old bunting," says Bates, "which had floated over the rafts on which the 
 original Bucktails were borne down the Susquehanna in April, 1861, and which had 
 been carried by them in all their campaigns, was borne in procession in Philadelphia, 
 on the 4th of July, 1866, by the scarred veterans who survived, and delivered up to 
 the governor, amid the loud acclamations of the multitudes, as they recognized the 
 familiar emblem that surmounted its staff." 
 
 Alanson E. Files, who entered the service as captain of Company E, which 
 was recruited at Wellsboro, was promoted to major March 1, 1863, and to lieutenaat- 
 colonel. May 15, 1863. William T. Humphrey, of Osceola, who went out as assistant 
 surgeon of the regiment, was promoted to surgeon of the One Hundred and Forty- 
 ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, November 1, 1863. Lucius Truman, who went out 
 as first lieutenant of Company E, was promoted to quartermaster March 1, 1863. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded, t Wounded, f nied. 
 
WAE OF THE BEBELLION. 221 
 
 ( 'onipany A of this regiment was recruited at Lawrenceville, the roster being as 
 follows: 
 
 Captains: Philip Holland* and John G. Harrower. 
 
 I'irst Lieutenants: John G. Harrower, Xeri B. Kinsey and Edwin B. Leonard. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Neri B. Kinsey, Edwin B. Leonard and Daniel Orcutt*. 
 
 Sergeants: Edwin B. Leonard, Ariel K. Sayles, Edmund J. Hunt, John Hawe, 
 Daniel S. Boardman, Andrew Godfrey, John M. Steele, A. V. Vanarsdale, William 
 N. Rumsey, Orrin M. Stebbins*, and Samuel 0. ilillsworth*. 
 
 Corporals: John B. Wakeley, Almond J. Smith J, Horace A. Stevens and Albert 
 A. Seeley* 
 
 Privates: Eli S. Arnold, Francis Buck, Albert BakerJ, Uriah Brimer, George 
 W. Bowman, Wallace Bogart*, Thaddeus Babcock*, Edwin T. Bruce*, Seymore 
 Beeman, Simon B. Card, Omer Colgrove, Norman K. Cobel, Alplious Cady, Henry 
 S. Cowells, Washington Counselman, Charles W. Clark, William H. Chase, Joseph 
 Conklin*, James Cole, Jr.f, John Crockett, George K. Doyle, Levi DurkesJ, George 
 Dougherty, Samuel S. Davis, James K. DavidsonI, Henry S. Dorcy, R. B. Drum- 
 mond, Solomon Dreifuse, Leroy P. Davis*, Eben B. Drummon*. Charles Drier, Wil- 
 ton Edgarton, Michael Evans, Samuel Freeland, Freedom I'numan, Ktulun S. 
 Grover, Farnsworth GortonJ, Abner Goodel, Willard fJoodnough*, Charles Guyer*, 
 George H. Gee*, Frederick M. Heyler, Pierce Ilirrick, Hiram W. Harvey, John Hill, 
 Gabriel F. Harrower, Michael Hardy*, Benjamin K. Impson, Joseph ('. Impsonf, 
 George Kemball, Niles V. Kinsey, Joseph Krinerf, William J. Lewis, George V.. Lyon, 
 Lewis 0. Tjewis*, Alexander G. McFall, Perry JlcClurc, Hugh J. Magee, Patrick Mc- 
 Cort, Joseph Miller, James H. Miller, Adon Moorehousc, A. Ncwiomert, Henry 
 O'Dell, Edward Clin, Benjamin F. Phinney, S. D. PhiUips, Seeley B. Rowley, Silas 
 Roher*, Tip Reed*, John R. Rowley, Eli B. Soamant, William E. Self, Cornelius J. 
 Smith, Aser Sweet, William R. Seeley, Ltvi Stanley, T. W. Sullivan, Thomas P. 
 Stewart, Samuel Stebbins, William G. Seeley, Richard B. Sullivan, Henry H. Tag- 
 gort, James C. Turner, Isaac Xan Viet*, James Vastbinder, Allison Wiles, William 
 D. Wright, James Walker, Homer D. WebsterJ, Luther Wiles, Samuel S. Wakeley, 
 .Tames Webster, G. W. R. Willoughbyf and Mortimer S. Wakeley. 
 
 Company E of this regiment was recruited at Wellsboro. Its roster is as 
 follows: 
 
 Captains: Alanson E. NilesJ and Samuel A. MackJ. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Lucius Truman, George A. IjudlowJ, Samuel A. MackJ, 
 and William Taylor. 
 
 Second Licutonants: Samuel A. ilackt, George A. LudlowJ and William 
 Taylor. 
 
 Sergeants: Gcortro W. Scars, George 0. Derby, Georne A. Ludlow*, William 
 Taylor, Jonathan V. ]\IorganJ, Lemuel Foss, Robert G. Christenot, Peter D. Wal- 
 bridge, Jacob II nek, Alfred G. BardwellJ, and Caleb Fenton* 
 
 Corporals: Gilbert R. Christenot, Benjamin B. Potter. Jonathan V. ilorganj, 
 Robert Kelsey, Edwin Roiijrhton, Wallace M. Moore, Jnmes A. Chri.'itenot, and John 
 C. Potts. 
 
 • Klllrd.T mortally, woun'k-d. tWounded. tDlcd. 
 
224 HISTOBY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 George L. Bartlett*, George H. Bockusf, Alonzo Boekus, William Bixtyf, Orson 
 A. Benedict, George Bacon, Jacob Bopp, Archibald Curpsman, Charles D. Cook, 
 John Cook, Max Van Caspus, Jacob Campfestert, Thomas Coyle, V. S. Culver, Pat- 
 rick Consadine, James Carr, Alexander Caldwell, Nelson Carpenter f, Charles Clem- 
 ens, John Conly, James Dickinson, John E. Dunn, Patrick Daugherty, James Doug- 
 lass, Hiram D. Deming, William Downing*, George E. Derbyshiref, Charles Ed- 
 wards, Daniel A. Evans, James S. EnglishJ, Magnus Fideal, Herman Filmore, Leroy 
 
 F. Fuller, James Franklinf , Lafayette Godfrey, Henry Griffin, George Gettings, 
 Henry ¥. Gill, Abram V. Gill*, Joseph Gronden, Darius H. Hotchkisst, Frank 
 Hoef ner, Simon L. Hakes, James Hoy, Joseph Humphrey, John T. Hauber*, Henry 
 
 G. Hilkert, William Iseminger, George Jenkins, Edward P. Jones, William H. Jonesf, 
 Herman Jenningsf, Alonzo Johnson, Nelson Knapp, Francis E. KelleyJ, Patrick 
 KelleyJ, Paul Kray, Simon L. Kinney, Adolphus Kegrise, Elijah S. Kelsey, Andrew 
 J. Kephart, Alexander F. Losliere, Almon Lewis, William J. Marshall, John Morri- 
 son, James Monaghan, Evans Moyer, John Martin, James Morse, Martin Morgan, 
 George S. Marvin*, William A. Micklef, Washington Munnf, Willis J. Micklef, 
 Warren Munnf, Thomas Moore, George Micklef, Conrad Miller, John McMahon, 
 Henry Mcintosh, Michael McMaety, Michael McBnty, Stephen Nottf, Thomas 
 Nolan, Mark O'Connor, Edwin Ormsby, Adam Price, John Pettis, E. F. Patterson, 
 Carl PrecitJ, Erwin B. PorterJ, William W. Petersonf , Sumner W. Pettis, Almon 
 D. Pitts, John H. Packard, Joseph Parke, Emory Pollard, John M. Eosebrock, Alex- 
 ander EarahJ, Henry T. EiceJ, Noah H. Bobbins*, Thomas J. Eeesef , Charles H. 
 Eogersf, Josiah C. Eeese, Orville Soule, Eli SmithJ, Ezra Smith, George Sanders, 
 James S. Smith, Jerome Scott, Morris SmithJ, Philander P. Smith, Jacob Saxe, 
 Vincent M. SmithJ, Philemon Sloat*, William Smith, J. Starkweather, Alvan Smith, 
 Jacob Squires*, Horace M. Stratton, Charles H. TerbellJ, Brice Twigg, Allen Thomp- 
 son]:, Almon Thornton, Edward L. Thornton, Moses Thompsonf , Thomas Townsend, 
 Jacob Westbrook, Joseph Willard, Daniel J. Williams^, William P. Wood*, Delmar 
 Wilsonf, Charles White, John Williams, Hiram Wilcox*> Chester Wetmore* and 
 George C. Wilday. 
 
 Company H, which was also recruited in Tioga county, embraced the following 
 roster: 
 
 Captains: Edward G. Schieffelin, Edgar F. Austin and Luke D. Seely. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Enoch. G. Howard, Edgar P. Austin and Hiram Pickering. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Eeuben H. Close, John F. Trout, J. D. Greenfield, Levi E. 
 Eobb* and Nathan Edwards. 
 
 Sergeants: James I. Cady, Benjamin C. Hymes, J. D. Greenfield, Levi E. 
 Eobb*, Charles A. FergusonJ, George W. Tremainf, Amasa Clark, Benjamin J. 
 Dobbs, Truman Gilbert, Ovid P. WebsterJ, Deruyter Avery, James McGeeJ and 
 James N. Briscoe*. 
 
 Corporals: L. Avery, Horace B. Seymour, Milton G. Holiday*, James E. Hor- 
 ton, Nathan Edwards, H. W. Bullock, George W. Hastingsf , M. 0. Sutton, Benjamin 
 J. Dobbs, Truman Gilbert, Ovid P. WebsterJ, Ellison Moore, James O'Eiley, James 
 
 * Killed or mortally wouuded. X Wounded, f Died. 
 
d'-zyPt^ 
 
'•:vf' 
 
WAB OF THE HEBELLION. 225 
 
 McGeeJ, Albert W. Grove, Thomas E. Hill, John Howard, Matthew Wise, Michael 
 Lawler, Nathan E. Shappee, Eeuben Danielst, Isaac H. Sherman*, Jesse K. Wilcoxf, 
 William E. Parkerf, Thomas Dingman*, Eobert A. Lovejoy* and Charles Merrittf . 
 Musicians: Harvey Sawyer and George Sawyer. 
 
 Privates: William Avery|, Judson Avery, Elijah AmesJ, Orsamus Andrews, 
 A. E. Amesberryf , Edward Aspinwall*, Clark Ames*, Eobert Anderson, James An- 
 derson, William Archer, Alonzo H. BryantJ, Joseph Butterworth, Thomas Brough- 
 ton, George W. BuckbeeJ, Henry W. Bullock, Charles D. BlanchardJ, Henry F. 
 Bowen*, Irwin W. Blanchard*, Albert T. Bryantf, Jacob Bump, Belfonzo Burrows, 
 John L. Bennett, John Barry, Aaron Burr*, Aaron . Benson*, William Brockway, 
 Van E. W. Ballardf, John ColgroveJ, Abraham Cassel, Daniel Church, Jr.f, William 
 Cahillf, John Clark, George Couch, Henry C. CoUony, Elias P. Coon, Alvin H. 
 Camfield, John Cline, Charles Dawson, Hiram DavisJ, James F. Dewey, William il. 
 Dunham, Horace A. Deanf, Amasa Dodge, George W. Dickinsonf, Joseph Ery, 
 Xerxes Feirstine, Charles Foster, William I'oote, George E. Furgesonf, George W. 
 i^eelandf, Stephen L. French, David French*, Eodolphus Fuller, William E. Gee, 
 Daniel H. Green|, George L. GrinnellJ, Charles M. Goodwin, William Greene, Lewis 
 N. Greene, William Gore, Charles Gains, William 11. L. Geef, Joseph Geary, John 
 Gillespie, Thomas E. Gills*, George S. Gardner, Q. D. Greenfield, J. II. Ilardenburgh, 
 Van B. Holiday, James Hills, Casper Hain, John Iloman, Albert Hahn, William 
 Hayhurst, Eugene Herringt, George W. Hoppus, John X. Hotchkissf, Nelson 
 Hacketf, William Harris, N.F.Hammond, Thomas M. Jobe*,U.Kleinschmidt, Elliott 
 A. Kilbournef, Michael Kelley*, Truman King.Martin Iving, Calvin T. KnappJ, James 
 M. Loveef, Harvey Latteer, John Letlcr, Levi L. Lay, Andrew Mock, William 
 MosherJ, Eobert Martin*, Peter Mericle*, John .Miller, ^Michael Morris, Nathan 
 Mericlef, Cyrus Mannf, Daniel Mix, Lewis Mtad, William E. McFall, Daniel Mc- 
 Nainara, James P. McCains, James A. McGrew, B. McCollumf, Ira Odellt, ilichael 
 O'Mara, Henry F. Odellt, Eichard Phillips, James Pepperd, Griffin Palmer*, Solon 
 Roberts,Charle8Eeynoldsf,JohnC.Eoosa|,WilliamStinson,MorrisX.Sackettt,nenry 
 Sheakley, William A. Shafl, Thomas Soule, James E. Soule*. Omar L. Soule, George 
 Sylvia*, Jerome Seymourf. Jamos Smith, James Stovcnson, Thoinais Suminers, John 
 Smith, George H. Saxton*, William Stevenson, Francis Stratton*, Joel E. Smith*, 
 Charles Stan ton f, Darwin Sutton, Lewis Sawyer. Charles E. Tremaint, Charles 
 Thompson, Peter M. Tuttlet, Thomas Townsend, Henrj- Thalhine*. Daniel S. 
 Taylorf, Thomas Turner, Henry Thomas, James E. Tremain*. Guy Tuttlef, Wil- 
 liam rttcrf, Jasper Van Eiper. William Van Dusen, Charles Williams, Eobert Wil- 
 liams, Charles Weaver, Frank Walker, George Wilson, Henry S. Webster*, Charles 
 West, James Wil.^on and Charles Waltonf . 
 
 Company I, the third complete company of this regiment recruited in Tioga 
 county, had the following roster of officers and privates: 
 
 Captains: Francis M. Hills, William Chaset and Charles ^[. Hart. 
 First Lieutenants: George Dwight Smith*, James E. Catlin, William Chase, 
 Charhs M. Hart. 
 
 ' Klltrd or murtally wounded. J Wounded, t I'icd. 
 16 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: George M. Ackley, James M. Cole*, Charles M. Hart, De- 
 Witt C. Hoig*, James E. Catlin and Andrew Strong. 
 
 First Sergeants: Samuel Haynes, James E. CatUn, Edward B. CarveyJ, Decatur 
 Dickinson, John B. Emery and Martin G. Clark. 
 
 Sergeants: "William HofEmant, John HaneockJ, Justus D. Strait, Philo CarleJ, 
 John B. Emery, Alonzo Bordon*, Malcom A. Eoycef and Solon S. Darttf. 
 
 Corporals: Warden E. TylerJ, Walter E. Marsh, Manning C. May, Albert Sax- 
 buryt, Abram C. Ellsworth, John L. JohnsonJ, Seyman Hancock, Charles F. Keed, 
 John H. Buckley t, Wright Kedington*, Darius Kriner and Ovid H. Andrewsf. 
 
 Musicians: Washington .Larrison, Emanuel E. Hippie and Charles H. Strait. 
 
 Privates: James Adams, Henry Albright, John S. Button, Peter Boyle, James 
 A. Buck, Lewis Baker, John Barr, Dwight Blackmore, Seth D. Baxter, S. J. Barnes, 
 Warner Button*, John S. Beachf, Jasper Bowker*, Zadock Butler, Burton Brownf, 
 William V. Borden, Lewis Bacon, John W. Carle, Newberry CloosJ, Joseph Cahn, 
 Joseph Cowdent, John Cleary, Jehiel Case*, Eansford Campbellf, Eobert Cooper, 
 Amasa Dodge, Seldon B. Dimmick, Samuel M. Donley, John Deitrich, James S. 
 Donleyt, Eli Dickensf, George Duncan, Thomas Degan, Alva Dickens, Charles C. 
 EdsonJ, Harrison D. Eastman, James English, Joseph 0. English, Lewis EUiottf, 
 Henry A. EUiottJ, Chester Ellis, George C. English, George English*, John A. 
 FletcherJ, Charles Francis, Joseph Finney, Charles Foskf, John Gillespie, Albert 
 M. HandyJ, Charles H. Howell, Abram E. Hahn, Henry Humphrey, Theodore 
 Helter, Levi H. Hahn, Francis HandyJ, William H. Hardy, Harvey Hayes, Ellis P. 
 Hotelling*, Charlton Handy*, Alexander Henry*, Absalom Hunsinger, Charles 
 Hurlburtson, James Hampson, Allen Hotelling, John Huch, Sylvester Houghton, 
 George Hawks, Amos Jillison, James E. Johnsonf, Darius Johnsonf, John J. John- 
 sonf, James E. Jonesf , Stephen F. Kennedy, John Kirkpatrickf , Thomas Lawton, 
 Warren Lawton, Dominick Lynch, Lewis E. Long, William Lloyd, David Langdon, 
 Washington Larrison, Thomas Lanning, Thomas D. Marsh, John P. Miller, Patrick 
 Maney, Edwin E. Mills, Lewis Myers, James Morton, George S. Mattisonf, Thomas 
 Mulvaney, Noah C. Morton*, Marshall M. Maynardf, William Mores, Christopher 
 Millerf, Charles McGhee, Spencer NewberryJ, Hiram Niver*, Silas Mverf, James 
 Naval*, Jeremiah Overdurf, Eobert S. Orr*, Warren Owensf, John Phillips, WilUam 
 Parry, Levi Pritchard, C. 0. Pemberton, Eugene B. Eoot, John EowlandJ, George 
 M. EesfordJ, Frederick Boss, William Eollier, John Eeilyf, Joseph Eeibsamf, 
 Ehesa J. Eeynolds, Edwin Eoyce, Jason Eemington, Daniel M. Shelley, James Sum- 
 merville, Charles Sands, Porter E. ShermanJ, Charles E. Sewell, Horace S. Sa^vyert, 
 Harmon H. Sawyer, Henry Smith, Samuel StumpfE, Harry Schmidt, Warren D. 
 Stone*, Cornelius Saxbury*, Michael Smith, Stephen Strait, Charles B. SofieldJ, 
 Henry W. Traverse, Jacob M. Traver, William H. Thompson, Charles H. Townsend, 
 Samuel J. Vanhosenf, Albert Waters, Eobert A. Williams, Alexander Wands, Wil- 
 liam H. Watrous, Erastus Wilson, Jehial H. Wood, Frederick Williams, Palmer B. 
 Watkins, John Wilkinsonf, Eook Wilkinsonf , Eobert Williams, Francis L. Wilcox, 
 Milon D. Wilson, Samuel Young and William Zimmerman. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. J Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAK OF THB BEBELLIOK. 227 
 
 FIFTY-SETENTH HEGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in December, 1861, and was 
 officered as follows: William Maxwell, of Mercer county, colonel; Elhannan W. 
 Woods, of Mercer coimty, Ueutenant-colonel, and Jeremiah Gulp, of Bradford county, 
 major. It participated in the siege of Yorktown and the battles and skirmishes of 
 Fair Oaks, Charles City Cross Koads, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Eim, Fairfax Court 
 House, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Eun, Auburn Creek, 
 Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove, Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Hatcher's Eun, 
 Weldon Eailroad, Fort Steadman and Sailor's Creek. 
 
 Over two-thirds of this regiment re-enlisted December 24, 1863. In January, 
 1865, having been greatly reduced in strength by the severity of the summer cam- 
 paign, it was consolidated into a battalion of six companies, and the Eighty-fourth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers consolidated with it. It was mustered out of the service 
 at Alexandria, Virginia, June 22, 1865. 
 
 Company D of this regiment was recruited in Tioga county. Its roster is as 
 follows: 
 
 Captains: H. W. Caulkins, James D. Moore. 
 
 First Lieutenant: Charles 0. Etz*. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: William 0. Mattison, Cjtus P. Slavin. 
 
 Sergeants: Joseph S. Sharp, Perry C. Bristol, William Brooks, Levi Christ, 
 Albert Hayne, Albert P. Pew, John HayJ, Samuel Shieldsf, John T. Labar, H. F. 
 Westbrook*, Eichard P. Managan, Daniel Holmes. 
 
 Corporals: Adam McCormick, Jacob Lutes, Charles 1'.. Kennedy, John Tomer, 
 Somerville Hill, George W. Harrison, Louis Barzoni, Marion King, S. H. McCart- 
 neyj, Harry W. Babcock, Baker D. Ellis, Henry E. Douglass, Edwin C. Goodrich, 
 Seymour Ingalls, Charles Maynard, Roboit C. HillJ. 
 
 Musicians: Henry CruU, Daniel Downey, W. S. Lambacksf . 
 
 Privates: John W. Anderson, Milton M. Andrewsf, David Brest, Jackson 
 Breakman, Lewis F. Brest, William Bostwick, William A. Bums, Stephen S. Beeman, 
 Jonas Brobst, John Brooks, James H. Break, John Booth, David Baddif, E. Brannon, 
 Albert Bailey f, David Bowman, Charles Butler J, Elias Christ, Joseph Christwell, 
 William J. Crcighton, Harvey T. Christ, John Cubbison^, Hiram Clair, Patrick 
 Coylc, Joseph Clouts, H. A. Conger, David A. Cox, Philemon Catlin, William ChristJ, 
 Harvey L. Cubbison*, William II. CurtisJ, Perry Childs, Benjamin Card, P. Culvert, 
 Joseph Christwall, Theodore F. Deweyf, John Dobson, John Dunmire, Bruce 
 Dickey J, Hiram Dclonp, Henry Dewald. Gcorizc W. Douglas, Jacob Derr, John 
 DonpliertyJ, Harrison Davidsonf, John S. Donohue, William W. Davidsont. Robert 
 Davidson, John Drake*, Addison Dimmick, Thomas Dickey, Evan Kvansf, James 
 Mvansf, Jonn.s Furl, John Forrestf, Lewis C. Fcsscr, Dubois Freearf, William Ginhcr, 
 JoHojih Gaston, Robert S. Gitchell, Miles S. Green, George T. Granger, Winfield 
 Guishf, James Grant, Thomas Gibbons, Jr., Abram Gaskill, Elias Gcarhart, Wash- 
 ington TTood, Alexander nnmiltonj, Jesse Harrison. Washington P. Hill, James 
 HillJ, William Hageyt, S. ^f. Howard, C W. Hun)ison. John J. Harrison*, Isaac 
 Hollabaught, Alexander R. Hunter, Arthur Hanna, David Hay*, Henry Jones, 
 
 • Klllnl or mortalljr wounded, t Woundrd. t Di«d. 
 
230 HISTORY 03? TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Company G of this regiment was recruited in Bradford and Tioga counties. The 
 following named ofSeers and privates were from Tioga county: 
 
 First Lieutenant: A. J. B. Dartt and Charles C. Hermans*. 
 
 Second Lieutenant: Henry D. Calkins. 
 
 First Sergeant: Charles H. Van Dusen. 
 
 Sergeants: J. P. Wilcox, Noah J. Wheeler, Henry D. Calkins, Lyman L. Sperry, 
 Jonathan L. Moore and James H. HoweJ., 
 
 Corporals: D. M. Eose, A. J. B. Dart, Charles H. Hertel, Henry B. Morrison, 
 Rozel Gile, Thomas S. Gillet, J. Scott Howe and John D. Euggles. 
 
 Privates: George W. AyresJ, Adam E. Cleveland, Eobert Calhoun, Charles 
 Clark, Philander Hall, Martin V. Level*, Fordyee S. Morgan, Charles M. Eumsey, 
 Lyman J. Eeynolds, Porter D. Eimisey, Waldo Spear, William Warters, Merritt 
 Woodward and C. D. Warner. 
 
 Company G was recruited in Chester, Lycoming and Tioga counties. Among 
 those from Tioga county were the following: 
 
 First Lieutenant: James W. Childs. 
 
 Corporal: Ira M. Warriner. 
 
 Privates: Samson Babb, Samson W. Babbf, John W. Childs and Henry Moyer*. 
 
 Company L had the following from Tioga county: 
 
 First Lieutenant: Otis G. GerouldJ. 
 
 Corporals: James Seibertf , Lloyd B. Husted. 
 
 Privates: Horace Dartt, Henry Emberger*, Sidney A. Hoagland, Jacob Hart- 
 man, William S. Hoagland, David S. Ireland, Alonzo L. Johnson, Henry J. Levalley, 
 Charles A. Marvin, Isaac Marvin, H. B. Marvin, E. W. Maynard, ISTathan Moyer, 
 Eichard C. Videan, James Walkerf, Isaac D. Walkerf . 
 
 ONE HUNDEED AND EIHST KEGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment was organized in October, 1861, at Camp Curtin, with the fol- 
 lowing officers: Joseph H. Wilson, of Beaver county, colonel; David B. Morris, of 
 Pittsburg, lieutenant-colonel, and Joseph S. Hoard, of Tioga county, major. It 
 participated in the Peninsula Campaign, and Fair Oaks, in Virginia, and at Kings- 
 ton, Goldsboro, Little Washington, and Plymouth, in Forth Carolina. At the last 
 place, April 20, 1864, the entire regiment, save those on furlough and detached ser- 
 vice, were taken prisoners, and were confined in Andersonville, Macon, Florence, 
 Savannah, Charleston and Charlotte. They were finally exchanged at Wilmington, 
 North Carolina, in March, 1865. 
 
 Company B of this regiment was raised in Tioga county. The roster of its 
 officers and men is as follows: 
 
 Captains: Joseph S. Hoard, Victor A. Elliott and Melvin L. Clark. Captain 
 Clark was commissioned lieutenant-colonel May 18, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Abram Young and Franklin P. Wylie. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: George G. Gaylord, Melvin L. Clark and Harvey S. Horton. 
 
 Sergeants: Melvin L. Clark, Prank P. Wylie, Harvey S. Horton, Francis M. 
 Shaw, Dyer J. Butts, Justus B. Clark, George Hollands and Byron M. Shawf. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. % Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAB OP THE BEBELLION. 231 
 
 Corporals: Zerbino H. Young, Stephen G. Mudge, Ezra Eipley, Solon H. 
 Deweyt, Perry Hillf, Phineas V. Clark, George E. CatUn, Burr E. Bailey, John Kiley. 
 
 Musicians: John W. Brown, Israel M. Dairf, Oliver H. Perry f, Seely Johns, 
 James E. Young. 
 
 Privates: A. P. Benjamin, William Bailey, A. H. Bacon, Ebenezer Burleyf, 
 Albert A. Bodinef, John J. Beach*, S. W. Cochran, C. C. ConneUy, Wallace 
 Codney, Gideon A. Cornell, Silas Cummings, H. W. Clark*, (2d), William B. Cam- 
 eronf, Edwin B. Clarkf, H. W. Clarkf, (1st), Ora L. Cleveland!, William Dair, 
 Patrick Delaney, Stephen Dickinson, James Debtman, Eeuben B. Dairf, Elisha 
 Fanning, F. T. Fairmanf, Charles S. Fishf, Henry GaylordJ, Jonathan Greeley, 
 William B. Gaylord, James Henry, John C. Howe, Arnold Halligist, John W. Horton, 
 Francis Hagar, George W. Hubbard, John L. Johnson, Horace Jaquish, Samuel W. 
 Jerould*, Thomas Jonesf, Oliver M. Kelley, Edward Lewis f, David Lattcrell, Elam 
 Morehouse, Martin Moore, Edwin A. Morley, Daniel E. ilorley, Stephen il. Miles, 
 Purington Maryott, Omer Morehouse, John W. Mapesf, John D. Miles, Frank M. 
 Murdockf, George Mudge, Stephen R. Peters, Francis Peters, Ester Palmer, George 
 W. Pickens, Artemus Rumsey, Dwight Ripley, John Rourke, Andrew J. Reeder, 
 James H. Shaw, Orin Shaw, Thomas C. Shaw, Andrew Scouten, Horry i'>. Shaw, 
 John W. SweetJ, Orson F. Spun-^, Samuel W. Smithf, Elisha Smithf, Warren St. 
 John, George W. Vance, Andrew J. Watkins, Reuben Wood, Alonzo S, Warren, 
 James Wilsonf, Jacob Wilds, Oscar F. Young. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment had the following ollicors and men from Tioga county: 
 
 Company B — Captain: John IrvinJ. 
 
 Company C — Privates: Orson C. Colo, Almon CureJ and Richard Vandyke. 
 
 Company D — First Lieutenant: John Irvint. 
 
 Sergeants: William IrvinJ, Samuel Irvin|, Henry C. ^'eilt and James H. Hall*. 
 
 Corporals: Israel RiddleJ, Ichabod S. JonesJ, David IrvinJ, Robert Mathews, 
 Giles M. CoonsJ and Daniel L. Foster*. 
 
 Musician: Charles T. Whitcomb. 
 
 Privates: Andrew B. Bassett, Jr., John B. Biserf, Fidelo BiddleJ, James 
 Budeon, James G. Careyt, Henry Davisf, Thomas Doud*, John S. ElterJ, Darius 
 Griswold, Peter B. Ilerrington, Henry Herrington*, Robert M. King*, Abram King*, 
 James Landon, Edward Mathews*, Thomas JIathews, William Myers, George G. 
 Mason*, Thomas Nestor, Ambrose Reeder, Frederick Schambacher, George W. 
 Schnmbacherf, Eurotas l'\ Sparks, Peter Schick, Charles F. SchambacherJ, George 
 K. Tripp. Darius R. Terry, John Wilber, Lewis N. Wilberf and William Werline. 
 
 Company H — Privates: Orlando Dann, Cornelius King and James Thompson. 
 
 Company T — Privates: Eugene Budson and James R. Watts. 
 
 O.VE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT — ELEVENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 This regiment, originally known as "Harlan's Light Cavalry, " wa.s rai.sed during 
 the months of .August and Septemlier, 1861, as an independent regiment, by Col. 
 Josioh Harlan, of Philadelphia, under special authority from the Secretary of War. 
 
 * KUI«1 or mortally wounded, t Woundrd. \ Died 
 
232 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The companies were from different states, A being from Iowa, portions of E and 
 F from New York and Pennsylvania, I from New Jersey, M from Ohio and the 
 remainder from Pennsylvania. Congress having only authorized the raising of 
 regiments by states, it was finally mustered in as the Eleventh Cavalry, with the 
 following officers: Josiah Harlan, colonel; Samuel P. Spear, lieutenant-colonel; 
 George Stetzel, Samuel Wetherell and Noah M. Eunyan, majors. It was assigned 
 to duty in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in numerous engagements 
 and skirmishes, doing a large amount of scouting duty. It was mustered out of 
 the service August 13, 1865. 
 
 Company F of this regiment was raised in Bradford and Tioga counties, and 
 across the line in New York state. The following named officers and privates were 
 from Tioga county: 
 
 Captain: B. B. Mitchell. 
 
 Second Lieutenant: John V. Pickering. 
 
 First Sergeants: Victor A. Elliott, promoted to captain of Company B, One 
 Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteers, March 1, 1863, and William C. Lamb*. 
 
 Quaitermaster-Sergeant: Andrew Klock. 
 
 Commissary Sergeants: W. H. Hancock and Chancy C. Ackley. 
 
 Sergeants: Eichard M. Eoss, Maurice D. Bailey, Jacob VannoyJ, Oliver P. 
 Barden and Henry E. Wheeler f. 
 
 Corporals: W. C. Lamb*, E. Weeks J, Charles T. Austin, Eoland Sanders, Martin 
 Gleason, Ira V. Williams, Chester W. FentonJ and Herman Inschof. 
 
 Buglers: B. B. Borden and A. H. Perry. 
 
 Blacksmith: George A. Eoberts. 
 
 Farrier: E. C. Westbrook. 
 
 Privates: Lorin N. Butler, Hiram Bellinger, Andrew J. Brown, Wilbur 
 Churchill, Jerome B. ChapmanJ, James J. Cady, Jacob H. Colestock, Thomas E. 
 De Pui, John M. Goodrich, James A. HawthomJ, John Hawthorn, Thomas Holiday, 
 Valorus E. Ives, Darius Inscho, Alvin H. IngallsJ, W. H. Kirkendall, Adelbert D. 
 Keeney, Daniel A. Lamb, Hamlin B. Lambf, Ira 0. Mudgef, William M. Miles, John 
 O'Neil, Charles C. Palmer, Charles M. Pitts, G. N. Eorenbaughf, Frank M. Spencer, 
 Vincent W. Swimelar*, Leander Shermant, A. H. Taylor, Frank B. Towner, Alfred 
 Tolesf, Jefferson Vannoy, C. N. Walker, Luther A. West and Benjamin F. West- 
 brook. 
 
 ONE HUNDEED AND TWENTY-SIXTH EEGIMENT. 
 
 Two companies of this regiment, A and D, were recruited in Tioga county, for 
 the nine months' service. A regimental organization was effected at Camp Curtin, 
 August 20, 1863. Charles Eyon, of Elkland, was commissioned major, and was mus- 
 tered out with the regiment May 29, 1863. The regiment took part in the battle 
 of Fredericksburg and had several men killed and wounded. 
 
 Company A was recruited in Tioga county. Its roster is as follows: 
 
 Captains: John J. Hammond and John I. Mitchell. 
 
 First Lieutenant: Eomanzo C. Bailey. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: John I. Mitchell and H. L. Prutsman. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. J Wounded, f Died- 
 
WAE OP THE EEBBLLION. 233 
 
 Sergeants: H. L. Prutsman, Valentine W. Lewis, P. H. Garretson, Albert P. 
 Packard, Jacob Tallman and Clark W. Barrow. 
 
 Corporals: Stephen Dickerson, Samuel L. Patterson, William Warren, Henry C. 
 Wheeler, Monroe P. Crosley, B. W. Merrick and William H. Larcom. 
 
 Musicians: Charles M. Magarcy, Philip Petty and Hiram Bixley. 
 Privates: Daniel E. Bacon, Henry Beckwith, Levi Bruson, J. G. Burroughs, 
 Charles V. Bixley, Alpheus Button, Charles Button, Eli Barber, Charles S. Beach, 
 Theodore S. Bacon*, John Burgessf, Prancis M. Copp, Ealph Campbell, Oren Cline, 
 Nathan Case, Pranklin H. Clark, Charles W. Chase, William P. Cowan, Eubus 
 Clemens, George T. Dickerson, Joseph Denton, Elmer Daggett, Jerome Daggett, 
 Charles L. Denel, Patrick P. Donley, Charles L. Eaton, James Purgerson, John Pur- 
 gerson. Miles Goodwin, Amasa Gee, Charles Goodwin, William M. Gridley*, Pranklin 
 Herrick, Vincent Hogaboom, William H. Hunter, Charles D. Hudson, Minor Jack- 
 son, Erwin Keys, William Z. Knapp, Ira Keeney, James LoughridgeJ, William H. 
 Lawrence, Moses Losey*, Joseph S. Merrick, Elias Merrick, Charles W. Moore, Henry 
 J. McGowan, Philip Petty, Anson Palmerf, Chauncey Eice, Levi Eounsville, 
 William Eounsville, Oscar H. Eounsville, James Eussellf , Andrew J. Sutton, William 
 Smith, John Shellman, John Smartwood, Daniel Smartwood, Luman M. Smith, 
 Ezra Swope, Jr., Clinton Slocum, Stephen C. ShafE, Allen D. Seeleyf , Timothy Sul- 
 livan*, Henry M. Tice, Edward TJpdyke, John D. Vandyke, David Williams, Henry 
 Wood, William H. Wylie, Benjamin P. Walters and D. Whitehead. 
 
 Company B of this regiment contained thirty-nine officers and privates, who were 
 recruited by Charles Eyon, of Elkland, who was commissioned major of the regiment. 
 Their names are as follows: 
 
 Pirst Lieutenants: John Seeley and Nelson Doty. 
 Sergeant: George L. Hurlbut. 
 
 Corporals: Norman Strait, E. D. Eutherford, Seth Leroy Love. 
 Musician: Orville Bress. 
 
 Privates: Sylvester Bullock, Elijah Blanchard, Horatio Chisom, Hiram B. 
 Cameron, Henry Creeley, John Costleyf, Silas S. Dingman, Austin Flanders, W. B. 
 Hudson, John Hogencamp, Calvin Hober, Eobert B. Howland, Thomas JenkinsJ, 
 Charles Mattison* Prank Miles, V. Monroe, Johial Norton, Thomas J. Eichardson, 
 Stephen Eomayne, John Eose, Horace K. Eumsey, James E. StoneJ, Asa Spencer, 
 Luman Stevens, Solomon Vanzile, Andrew Vanzile, Prank Vastbinder, George H. 
 Watts, Eli White, Clark V. Worden and William E. Watkins. 
 Company D had the following roster: 
 Captain: Sylvester D. Phillips. 
 Pirst Lieutenant: Albert B. Cloos. 
 Second Lieutenants: Alva Davidson and Martin Dodge. 
 
 Sergeants: Martin Dodge, James H. Metcalf, James C. Aldrich, Ansel B. 
 Parker, William H. Gurnseyt and Benson B. King. 
 
 Corporals: Frederick Heyler, George W. Potter, Henry W. Grantier, William 
 G. Gilkey, William 0. Wakeley, Lafayette D. Hill, Theodore P. Holcomb and John 
 Little. 
 
 • Killed or mortally wounded, t Wounded, f Died. 
 
234 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COCTNTT. 
 
 Musicians: Leroy P. Da-vis and Samuel Fletcher. 
 
 Privates: Charles P. Abbott, David C. Buck, Anson P. Boardman, Charles 
 Bennett, Charles Butler, Timothy Baker, William Bloom, Ansil E. Brower, Montra- 
 ville Brown, James Colman, William Chapman, James P. Cook, Jahiel Case, David 
 Case, Hiram L. Colegrove, J. E. Chamberlin, Eufus Cook, Charles W. Chasef, 
 Joseph P. DavisJ, Vincent Dodge, Henry Dibble, Joseph J. Doan, Samuel Donaly, 
 James W. Degraw, Orville Earl, Lysander J. Earl, William Edgcomb, Lott Fill- 
 more, Morgan Heyler, Delos D. Howe, Isaac Hunt, Milton King, Stephen Kingf, 
 Thomas Leanning, Delos F. Leonard, Orrin Leach, Oscar MacumberJ, John Metzgar, 
 Isaac L. Metcalf, William H. H. Metcalf, James Mallory, Samuel Metcalf, Orson P. 
 Mintonye, Charles Mulkinsf, Andrew McCoy, John McCormic, Jesse Mclntyie, 
 Llewellyn ISTorthrop, John A. Pearsol, Frank C. Pride, Charles Prouty, Eugene 
 Pritchard, Samuel Pierce, Walter B. Pritchard, Bradley N". Parker, Merrit Potter, 
 Sovrine Eumsey, John P. Rushmore, George N. Seely, Lyman B. Somers, Silas Taylor, 
 John Thomas, Philip H. Taylor, Rowland B. Tooker, John C. Tanner, Isaac Watts, 
 Daniel C. Wakeley, Jacob Whitmarsh, William R. Youngs, Dyer Youngs, Samuel 
 Youngsf, Walter S. Youngsf. 
 
 ONE HUNDEED AND FOETT-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment ("Bucktail Brigade") was commanded by Roy Stone. It was re- 
 cruited in Potter, Tioga, Lycoming, Clearfield, Clarion, Lebanon, Allegheny, Lu- 
 zerne, Mifflin and Huntingdon counties. It took part in the battles of Chancellors- 
 ville, Bethesda Church, Weldon Railroad, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, 
 Hatcher's Run, ISTorth Anna and Petersburg. The surgeon was Dr. W. T. Humphrey, 
 and the chaplain Rev. J. F. Calkins, pastor of the Presbyterian church, Wellsboro. 
 The regiment entered the service in August, 1862, and was mustered out June 34, 
 1865. 
 
 Company A of this regiment was from Tioga county. Its roster is as follows: 
 
 Captains: A. J. Sofield*, Dudley A. Fish, Lewis BodineJ and Benjamin H. 
 WarrinerJ. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Dudley A. Fish, Lewis Bodine|, George BlackweUJ, John 
 Walbridget, John RexfordJ and George D. Brooks. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Lewis BodineJ, Benjamin H. WarrinerJ, George Black- 
 wellj, John RexfordJ and George D. Brooks. 
 
 Sergeants: John RexfordJ, A. B. Wright, J. B. Wilcox J, George BlackweUJ, 
 Benjamin H. WarrinerJ, George D. BrooksJ, Edward Morse J, Cloise L. Miller, Asher 
 D. Cole*, Wallace W. Sofield*, Albert D. Wright, promoted to captain Forty-third 
 United States Colored Troops, and John L. Barnes. 
 
 Corporals: John WalbridgeJ, Albert Dale, Kathan Palmer, Austin H. Butler, 
 William A. Smith, Jesse W. Bordenf, Nathan Wilcox, John L. Barnes, Alfred Boy- 
 den, Sanford Boyden, Lyman Stowell, Henry D. Smead, Gilderoy H. Lawton, Na- 
 thaniel H. Wilcox*, William A. Smith*, Wilson D. Race*, William A. Noblesf, John 
 L. Pondf, Daniel Butler and Frank E. GoodmanJ. 
 
 Musicians: Lewis Culver and Cook Willard. 
 
 Privates: Freeman B. Ashleyf, Hiram Bardwell, Reuben Bell, Lester H. Butler, 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. % Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAK OP THE EEBELLIOTSr. 235 
 
 Philander Birch, Francis M. Butler, Marion CroftJ, Joseph ColUns, Amos Clark, 
 Elon Culver, George P. Christian*, John Carrol, Eeuben H. Carter, John Cole- 
 grovet, John E. ChafferJ, William ChurchiUJ, V. Champney, Aaron 0. DouglasJ, 
 George Dewey, Walter DibbleJ, James Davis, David B. Drougold, James Dunn, 
 Edwin W. Dimmick*, Prederick 0. Dalton*, Lewis Ernest J, Matthew Petzer*, Edwin 
 Fairbanksf, James C. Parleyl, Curtis Gleason*, David Hart, Jr., George Hilliar, 
 Charles Henry, Samuel Hartman, T. Haughenberry, Corwin Howe*, Toren Hem- 
 minger*, John T. HoffmanJ, Simon A. Hiltbolb, Joshua IngallsJ, Ehhu IngallsJ, 
 Oscar Jennings*, Prank Justice, Nicholas Kizer, Jacob Eiphart, Jr. J, Christian 
 Koch, Alexander KaufEman, George A. Kinney, John Kennedy, Aaron King, Jr., 
 George L. Long, Henry Lyon, Augustus Lyonf, John Lyonf, Thomas B. Midliat, 
 Eeuben H. Martiu*, William Millard*, Eeeee MorrisJ, Ellis L. Miller, Ira T. Mclntyre, 
 W.*H. McCoUumJ, Thomas E. Neecel, William M. Niehols|, George A. Noblef, 
 Eobert E. Pond, Peter PaulJ, Joseph Petrie, Oliver W. Phillips f, William E. Price, 
 Eeuben Palmer, Eben W. Parkhurst, Samuel Eitton, Sylvester Eobertsonf , Thomas 
 H. Eootf, Wilson D. Eobison, John Eockey, Ely Eusself, Chandler Eonley, William 
 B. EeeseJ, Wilmot Eitter, Thomas SkeltonJ, James Stryker, Charles Stroup, Eeuben 
 G. Simmons, Hiram Smith, iYederiek SiegleJ, Thomas C. Sanderson, Lemuel W. 
 Smedley, Miles SwopeJ, George D. Sofield, Asa Smith, Henry SmithJ, Henry E. 
 Smith, Eden B. Titus, John C. TylerJ, Eugene A. Tremainf, James Van Dusen, 
 John S. WoUcott, Charles E. Warriner, James B. Warren, Jesse K. Williams, Caleb 
 B. Wright, Abraham Wright, Levi Wright, John Weidner, Ira Warriner, John H. 
 Wheeler f. 
 
 Company F had the following members from Tioga county: Alonzo B. Eastman, 
 and John Patterson. 
 
 Company G had the following officers and men from Tioga county: Thomas B. 
 Bryden, captain; Henry J. Landrus, sergeant, promoted to sergeant major; Josiah 
 HughesJ and James Logan*, corporals, and John Davis*. 
 
 Company K had among its members Charles L. Hoyt, second lieutenant, and 
 Isaac Bryantf, of Tioga county. 
 
 ONE HTJNDEED AND SEVENTT-riEST EEGIMENT DBAFTEB MILITIA. 
 
 This regiment was composed of men drafted in October, 1863, for nine months' 
 service. It was organized at Camp Curtin in November with the following officers: 
 Everard Bierer, of Payette county, colonel; Theophilus Humphrey, of Bradford 
 county, lieutenant-colonel, and Eobert C. Cox, of Tioga county, major. Its service 
 was principally in North Carolina. It was mustered out at Harrisburg, August 8, 
 1863. 
 
 Company A of this regiment was from Tioga county. Its muster roll is as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Captain: Anson A. Amsbry. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Lucien 0. Beach and Samuel W. Love. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Samuel W. Love, Charles Biter and William L. Keagle. 
 
 Sergeants: Samuel W. Love, William L. Keagle, Henry S. Arthur, N. M. Leve- 
 good, Gaston D. Walker, Thomas J. Barton, Lester S. Pisk, Oliver P. Babcock. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. % Wounded, f Died. 
 
236 HISTOET OF TIOGA COtTNTY. 
 
 Corporals: Henry S. Arthur, Gaston D. Walker, Thomas J. Barton, Lester S. 
 Pisk, John G. Bowman, George W. Bastian, Ora M. Kelly, Oliver M. Kelly, "William 
 E. Clark, Erastus P. Hill, Nelson Fulkerson, Ellis Merrill. 
 
 Musicians: Leonard E. Bombay and Joseph Brion. 
 
 Privates: Alexander Allen, George W. Anderson, John L. Allen, Leonard J. 
 Bradford, Henry S. Bodine, Jacob Boston, Henry 0. Bliss, Daniel Boom, Daniel 
 Barrett, Hiram Burdiek, Leonard J. Bradford, Francis M. Black, Eansom W. Bailey, 
 Jesse T. Bedell, Henry Brion, David Brion, Ezra Brees, Benjamin Babcock, Wesley 
 
 C. Bamhart, Simeon Babcock, Hopkins J. Crosby, Eobert W. Campbell, Lyman Cop- 
 ley, Charles W. Churchillf , Willis B. Daily, Hiram D. Deming, promoted to hospital 
 steward, Thomas Eldridge, Jr., C. A. Eilenberger, Enoch Evans, JefEerson Fritz, 
 William E. Freeman, Ferdinand Fray, Christian Foulkrod, Henry Frockf, William 
 J. Gamer, John Gleason, Uriah Golden, Daniel Hodge, Orlo J. Hamlin, George 
 Homing, Charles D. Hart, George W. Hart, Casper Houser, Adam Hart, Jacob Horn- 
 ing, Eichard W. Ham, Micajah S. Inseho, David Johnson, J. A. Knickerbocker, 
 Garrett M. Kinner, Henry Kimballf , Gottlieb Krause, Jacob Kissinger, Samuel A. 
 Kelsey, William Landis, John J. Lutz, John Matthews, Henry Mattison, Silas 
 Mosier, John Wewfer, Andrew A. Newton, William W. Neal, Horace Odell, John E. 
 Ostrum, Walter Phelps, Benjamin J. Powers, David Plank, George W. Eicef , Alovin 
 
 D. Eobbinsf, Charles Snyder, Martin V. Smith, Nelson C. W. Smith, Washington 
 Sheffer, James H. Stewart, John H. Schoonover, Henry W. Travis, Ezekiel Thomas, 
 Charles Tillinghast, Jr., Cornelius Vanorsdale, Stephen H. Wood, Charles Wilson 
 and Charles Zink. 
 
 Company C of this regiment had the following officers and privates from Tioga 
 county: 
 
 Captain: William B. Hall. 
 
 Sergeants: A. M. Whittaker and Alexander Mott. 
 
 Corporals: Thomas 0. Doud, Samuel D. Cudworth and William H. Palmerf . 
 
 Musician: Oscar F. Grady. 
 
 Privates: Joseph B. Austin, Jacob H. Allen, Lorenzo M. Doud, Peleg Doud, 
 Samuel C. Gott, Ira Hakes, John M. Haverly, Sidney T. Lewis, Thomas Lewis, C. S. 
 Moore, James McConnell, Ephraim McConnell, Eussel Niles, Elisha L. Nash, George 
 
 E. Orvis, Charles E. Palmer, Jacob H. Eoblyer, Warren Eobinson, Artemus Eumsey, 
 Lorenzo D. Eeriek, Asa Slingerland, Eugene L. Sperry, Loren Hpdyke, John B. 
 Wood, Solomon L. Wood, Stephen Warters, Isaac S. Woodbum, David Welch, Amos 
 Welch, William W. Westgatef and Isaac I. Yoimg. 
 
 ONE HTJNDEED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH EEGIMBNT. 
 
 A body of troops known as the First Battalion, which had been organized just 
 previous to the invasion of the State in July, 1863, for six months' service, and which 
 had performed guard duty at various points in the State, was upon the expiration of 
 its term reorganized and recruited as a part of this regiment. Pour new companies 
 were added to it, and the regimental organization was completed in March, 1864, at 
 Camp Curi;in, with Joseph F. Eamsey lieutenant-colonel, and George W. Merrick 
 major. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. % Wounded. + Died. 
 
WAK OF THE EEBELLION. 237 
 
 Company A had the following officers and men recruited in "Wellsboro, Delmar 
 and vicinity, for the six months' service: 
 
 Captain: George W. Merrick. 
 
 First Lieutenant: Cecil A. Deane. 
 
 Second Lieutenant: Eobert Young. 
 
 Sergeants: William A. Stone, Gerould B. Dennison, Ephraim Smith, David 
 Dewey, Alonzo C. Mack. 
 
 Corporals: Louis Doumaux, Lyman P. Potter, Benjamiu Claus, Samuel 
 Morgan. 
 
 Privates: Tunis Bush, John Blouch, Josiah L. Butler, Thomas J. Butler, 
 Eugene L. Bowen, Aaron A. Bacon, Washington Boetz, Charles G. Catlin, William 
 H. Chase, James Carpenter, Edwin Campbell, Truman Chubbuck, John A. Cline, 
 James W. Donaldson, Chauncey Dartt, John B. Dibble, Darius L. Deane, John 
 English, Oscar E. Ellis, Charles M. Field, Allen Farnwalt, William Green, William 
 Gseiuer, Martin Gleason, William H. Harrison, Nathaniel Hart, John E. Henry, 
 Orville Henry, Richard Henry, Morgan Hart, Amos C. Hartman, Albert Ives, 
 William D. Jones, George Kimball, Valentine V. Keller, Albert L. Lachey, David 
 B. Leslie, Casper K. Light, Joseph Morsman, William Moore, Samuel G. Miller, 
 John Martiu, Edwin Myers, William H. Miller, Adam Naftzer, Benjamin Naftzer, 
 Thomas Oakum, William W. Patterson, Henry M. Poorman, Joseph Palmer, David 
 T. Bobbins, Welcome Spellman, John P. Scott, George W. Sneer, Peter D. Snavely, 
 Charles L. Shumway, Henry Sears, S. Starkweather, Samuel Spotts, Samuel W. 
 Trull, George Tabor, Benjamin F. Towner, Edwin Webster, Hiram Willard, Oren 
 West, Michael Walborn, Oziah Webster and Benjamin Williams. 
 
 After its reorganization in March, 1864, for the three years' service, the regi- 
 ment was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division of the Fifth Corps. It 
 reached the army during the progress of the battle of Cold Harbor. Its next position 
 was on the north bank of the Chickahominy, at the extreme left of the army. On 
 June 16, 1864, it took up a position before Petersburg, and on the 18th was en- 
 gaged in the assault upon the works on the enemy's right, the regiment being led by 
 Major Merrick. Its loss in killed and wounded was more than one-tenth of its num- 
 ber, but it held its place in the most gallant manner, winning, by its good conduct, 
 the special commendation of General Chamberlain, who, himself, received a danger- 
 ous wound. Major Merrick was in command of the regiment in the desperate assault 
 on Fort Hell, at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864, and received a gunshot wound 
 in the right knee, rendering amputation of the leg necessary. At the funeral ob- 
 sequies of President Lincoln, in Philadelphia, this regiment was assigned to the head 
 of the procession, on its way from the Baltimore depot to Independence Hall, and was 
 left as a guard of honor while the remains lay in state. With the First City Troop, 
 it was detailed to escort the remains from Independence Hall to the New York 
 depot, as they were borne away. It was mustered out of service at Harrisburg, Au- 
 gust 3, 1865. 
 
 Company A, as reorganized, for the three years' service, contained less than 
 twenty of those who were members of the company in the six months' service. The 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. % Wounded, f Died. 
 
238 
 
 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 reorganized company was composed of ofacers and men from Tioga county. Its 
 roster is as follows: 
 
 Captains: George "W. MerriekJ, promoted to major May 13, 1864; Morgan Hart 
 
 and Kobert Young. 
 
 First Lieutenants: Eobert Young and Timothy B. Culver. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Morgan Hart,Gerould B.Dennison, Timothy B. Culver and 
 WiUiam A. Stone. 
 
 Sergeants: Timothy B. Culver, William A. Stone, Daniel P. Dewey, David 
 Bricker, Orville Henry, Eugene Coolidge and Charles Shumwayf. 
 
 Corporals: Orville Henry, Eugene Coolidge, Henry C. Wilson, Edmund A. 
 Carriel, Chauncey Dimmick, James W. Hancock, John W. English, Henry M. Poote, 
 Samuel D. Prancis and Albert Ives*. 
 
 Musicians: James E. Hess and Henry Hippie. 
 
 Privates: Eobert J. Ayres, George Anderson, Otis L. Anderson, John Ash, John 
 Aylesworth*, Hiram Baker, Almon Butler, L. B. Butler, Leroy S. Butler, Charles 
 Bockus, Philander Bockus, William Bliss, Joseph W. Brewster, Artemus Borden, 
 Alonzo Borden, Bela Borden, John L. Boetsman, Norman Bellinger, William J. 
 Bell, William G. Bower, Leonard W. Boatman*, John Carpenter, Zenas P. Crow, 
 John B. Caldwell, G. B. Cunningham, William Chestnut, Delanne A. Catlinf , Wil- 
 liam Chasef, Samuel Clark*, Harris Dartt, Henry M. Dartt, Orlando E. Daily, James 
 Donovan, William E. Dales, Cyrus Dort*, Eobert Eden, Thomas Everett, Delos 
 Pield, Eobert Francis, Eichard Fry, George Frece, Ashabel Prostf, George W. 
 Gwynn, Thomas Goddenf, Andrew Greenef, Benjamin P. Goodwinf , Eichard Henry, 
 Judson J. Hall, Edward Hanville, John E. Henry, Charles P. Hoover, William Hamp- 
 ton, Henry P. Hall, Stephen Hedwick, John Jackson, George Kimball, William D. 
 Kriner, Thomas Lester, Abram Lyon, Edward 0. Lawtonf, Charles W. Mosier, Eich- 
 ard Morrow, Joseph Meembower, Charles IsT. Moore, Alonzo C. Mack, Prancis Mullen, 
 John Mannfj-John D. Mortonf, Hugh H. McGrogan, John McGuiref, John Newfer, 
 William Oberlie*, Andrew J. Putnam, Willis J. Peak, Lyman P. Potter, Charles J. 
 Potterf, James Phipps*, Daniel W. Euggles, Henry C. Eoot, Daniel Eought, Eobert 
 H. Steele, Samuel S. Steele, Alvarius Smith, Ephraim N. Smith, Eiley W. Shellman, 
 Wesley Saxberry, Horace S. Stratton, If. J. Starkweather, James Seisen, Thomas 
 Stulker, Samuel Simpson, William D. Sturrockf, Oliver Stark, David H. Smith, 
 Meholas Swerger*, Clifton Tipple, Augustine S. Torpy, Samuel W. Trull, John J. 
 Travis*, Daniel M. Wilson, Samuel P. Wilcox, Martin C. Wilcox, Samuel Wheeler, 
 Philip Whetmore, James Wilkinson and James J. Walls. 
 
 Company I of this regiment was made up principally of men from Bradford and 
 Tioga counties. The names of those from Tioga county are as follows: 
 
 Captain: Eansford B. Webb. 
 
 First Lieutenant: Monroe P. Crosby. 
 
 Sergeants: Monroe P. Crosby, George W. Eice and Hiram H. Mckerson. 
 
 Corporals: Hiram H. ISTickerson, Stephen V. Martin, Spencer Crittenden, Albert 
 P. Packard and Oscar P. Gandy. 
 
 Privates: Jeremiah Aitcher, Charles W. Best, Albert C. Balfourf, Haley Cole, 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. X Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAH OF THE EEBELLION. 239 
 
 John C. Chappel, Ira D. Carpenter, Daniel K. Carpenter, Philip T. Christian! , George 
 W. Dinmiick, Henry Darling, Jerome B. Ford, James C. Ford, Asa B. Forest, Joseph 
 C. Forest, Eobert London, Eobert G. Sheldon, Dwight F. Stone, Charles E. Smith f, 
 "William Steele f and Moses Wingate. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETIETH EEGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment was organized in the field, in Virginia, in March and April, 1864, 
 from veterans of the First, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth and 
 Thirteenth Pennsylvania Keserve Corps. It took part in engagements at Peters- 
 burg, Weldon Eaikoad, Chapel House and Hatcher's Eim. It had officers from 
 Tioga county as follows: John A. Wolif, major, June 6, 1864; mustered out with 
 regiment June 28, 1865. Quartermaster, Lucius Trtiman, June 6, 1864; mustered 
 out with regiment. Assistant surgeon, J. G. Chambers, July 33, 1864; mustered 
 out with regiment. 
 
 Company C, was first commanded by Capt. ISTeri B. Kinsey, June 6, 1864; ap- 
 pointed brevet major October 1, 1864; honorably discharged March 8, 1865. 
 
 Company E had for first lieutenant E. J. Christenot, June 6, 1864; killed in 
 action June 17, 1864, at Petersburg. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIBST REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment was organized in the field, in Virginia, in May, 1864, from 
 veterans of the Second, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Tenth regiments, Pennsylvania 
 Eeserve Corps, and participated in the battles of Petersburg, Weldon Eailroad, 
 Chapel House and Hatcher's Eun. Col. James Carle, June 6, 1864; appointed 
 brigadier general March 13, 1865; mustered out with regiment June 28, 1865. 
 
 Company B of this regiment had for first lieutenant, Livingston Bogart, June 
 17, 1864; mustered out with company June 28, 1865. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Companies A, D, H and K, and parts of B, E and G, of this regiment were re- 
 cruited in Tioga county. Maj. Eobert C. Cox was commissioned by Governor 
 Curtin to raise the regiment. He succeeded, and, on the organization at Harris- 
 burg, was promoted from a private in Company B, to colonel. The other officers 
 were: 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel: "William "W. S. Snoddy. 
 
 Major: Victor A. Elliott. 
 
 Adjutant: George M. BastianJ. Promoted from private Company B, Sep- 
 tember 29, 1864. 
 
 Quartermaster: "William F. "Weseman. Promoted from private Company B, 
 September 9, 1864. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant: Darius L. Deane|. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant: Chauncey F. Darttt- 
 
 Company A's roster was as follows: 
 
 Captain: Elmer BackerJ. 
 
 First Lieutenant: Joseph M. YoungJ. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. J Wounded, t Died. 
 
n .^ HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Second Lieutenant: Thomas 0. Doud. 
 
 Sergeant: Eugene Eich*. 
 
 Corporal: D. Houselander, Jrf . 
 
 Privates: Amando M. Andrus, Damon Allen, James A. Ashcraft, Henry 
 Avery, Jackson Alexander, Stephen Andrews, Philander Ayres, John B. Austin, 
 Benjamin Booth, Alonzo B. Baker, Peter Benjamin, A. J. Blakesley, William BaUey, 
 Eoyal E. BakerJ, Franklin H. Brink, John C. Baker, James Benjamin, 'William 
 Beardsley, Lewis Barrett, Henry C. BurgessJ, Ebenezer Bronson, Charles H. Card, 
 Norman D. Cranmer, William Coleman, Henry B. Clink, George Collins, Simon B. 
 Chesbyf, Watson Cary, James S. Carr, George W. Conley, Orrin E. Campbell*, 
 Mahlon S. Cleveland J, John Cunningham, David Conable, Daniel Doty J, George 
 
 D. Edgerton, Henry Evans, Oren P. Farr, Jason T. Passett, George C. PellbushJ, 
 John A. Gustin, William Gordon, James GordonJ, John Gordon, Samuel Gott, 
 Benjamin F. Godshalk, Amos B. Howland, John Haines, Wallace HuntleyJ, Jason 
 Harris, Henry M. HallJ, Orville C. HortonJ, Charles B. Hulslander, Charles L. 
 Hiney, Nathaniel Hurst, L-a Knapp, Charles W. Kelly|, George W. Knapp, Denais 
 G. Keeney, Jacob Kelsey, Abner Knapp, Joseph A. Lott*, John W. Lott, Charles 
 H. Morgan, John J. Miller, Joseph D. Minturn, John Mansfield, Lyman McClure, 
 Jonathan Nelson, James W. Northrop, James H. Owens, Asa Osgood, Charles Peter- 
 baught. Smith Palmer, David H. PhilUpst, Oscar H. Kounsville, Hiram M. Eoblyer, 
 Wesley B. Eeynolds, A. C. Sturdevant, Benjamin Sherman, John Sutton, Charles 
 
 E. Stage, Charles L. Sheppard, N. H. SmithJ, Zenas B. SmithJ, Morris G. Smith, 
 William H. Smith, John F. Smith, Daniel Smartwood, David W. Stone, Horace 
 Thorp, Allen J. Tickner, George VanNess, Alfred Wooster, Eugene Wood, Isaac 
 Woodburn, William Wordon, Warren Wood, Isaac J. Young*, Eeuben Yale. 
 
 Company B was made up principally of officers and men from Tioga county, 
 whose names are as follows: 
 
 First Lieutenant: J. H. SchambacherJ. 
 
 Sergeants: John H. Miller, Jacob E. Stout and Philander P. Burns. 
 
 Corporals: Samuel Compton, Myron B. Haight|, John Fulton, Almond 
 Baxter and Decatur Ayres. 
 
 Privates: 0. M. Bonney, Frank Bodine, J. W. Bonney, George M. Bastian, 
 Isaac A. Britton, Darius BennettJ, John Burd, William Burd, William Carpenter, 
 Eobert S. ComptonJ, Sylvester Compton, John Carpenterf, Augustus Compton, 
 Henry Carpenter, Eobert C. Cox — promoted to colonel September 9, 1864 — Nathan 
 Doan, Hiram Dunn, Alfred Eddy, Edward EstelJ, Urbane Gregoryf, Harry L. 
 Haight, James N. Haight, E. W. HoUenbeck, Daniel L. HoUenbeck, Orlando F. 
 Haight, Charles E. Haight, Daniel L. Horning, Thomas Horning, Thomas Johnson, 
 Jr., H. L. Johnson, Philip Kohler, Jackson Kulp, Eobert McClarin, Hiram Eussell, 
 Isaac D. Soper, Thomas SmithJ, Edward Soper, Charles W. Scouten, Charles Stewart, 
 Mahlon Stevens, David Waters, B. 0. WheelerJ, Thomas Welch, William F. Wese- 
 man, Andrew P. Welch, Jerry Yetter and Joseph Zuber. 
 
 Company D had the following roster: 
 
 Captain: Sylvester D. Phillips. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. J Wounded, f Died. 
 
-''■•/'^'^^ i(/._ 
 
 
WAE OF THE KBBELLION. 241 
 
 First Lieutenant: Albert B. Cloos. ■ 
 Second Lieutenants: Chancy C. AckleyJ. 
 
 Sergeants: James V. Learch, William G. GilkeyJ, Francis A. StrangJ, Andrew- 
 McCoy and Anson P. Boardman. 
 Corporal: Fred. D. WoodcockJ. 
 Musicians: David W. Havens and Frank Wilcox. 
 
 Privates: Henry C. Ackley, Beniah S. Ackley, John Brown, James M. Bowers, 
 William R. Burdic, Peleg Burdic, Joseph A. Bush, Lyman Bliss, George W. Bowman, 
 Joseph Bliss, Aaron H. Bostwick, Franklin Buck, John W. Brown, James W. Bowell, 
 Asa P. Bancroft*, John Butler, Joseph P. Brooks, James K. Brooksf, Henry E. 
 Brown, James F. Carling, Stutley H. Carr J, William Clossen, John C. Dean, Eeuben 
 F. Davis, L-a P. Douglass, Leander I. Earl, William R. Freeman, Silas A. GriffinJ, 
 Bartlett Hammond*, Seth W. Harris, Orion G. Hamlin, Lafayette Hill, Charles Hill- 
 man, George Hawley, Conrad HoUenbaugh, ISTorman I. KJrusen, David 0. Kilbom, 
 Milton King, David Kilborn, Sylvester Labar, Theodore P. Metcalf f, Peter Minick, 
 Baston Morse, John Metzgar, E. McGranahan, Samuel Mcodemus, William H. 
 Mckles, William OwensJ, John A. Pearsol, Lovel Plank, Oliver Pease, Horace Pride*, 
 Walter Pease, Calvin E. Eobinson, James H. Eichardson*, Amos Eiggs, Sol Eosen- 
 crans, Watson E. Eushmore, Christian G. Eugaber, A. Bobbins, William Bobbins, 
 James B. EushmoreJ, Eufus A. Stanton, John Seaman, William Striker, William 
 Spencer, Joseph Sunderlin, John Sunderlin, 0. J. Sunderlin*, Joseph Smithers, 
 John Strong, Lyman B. Somers, George W. Sutton, Walter Thompson, Charles 
 Taftt, Ethan Taft, Henry M. Tiee, Isaac C. Thompson, William Thompson, Orson 
 A. Tremain, William 0. Wakeley, Lyman Wilcox, Jeremiah Willoughby, M. W. Wil- 
 kinson, Thomas Wilkinson*, William M. Watrous, Aaron Yale and Henry M. 
 ZearfossJ. 
 
 Company E was composed largely of officers and privates recruited in Tioga 
 county, whose names are as follows: 
 
 Second Lieutenant: William L. Keagle. 
 
 Sergeants': Joseph S. Childs, Daniel Brion and George J. Horning*- 
 Corporals: Elias Merrill, John Harman, Jacob E. Smith and John F. Blanchard. 
 Privates: Jeremiah Alexander, John Anderson J, Jonathan Black, Edward 
 Black, Charles Brion, George W. BowerJ, William Clark, Albert E. Comstock, 0. 
 CartwrightJ, Henry C. Cox, Andrew Dennison*, Charles Everly, Jacob Emick, Nich- 
 olas Fesslerf , J. E. Famsworth, Alfred Fulkerson, H. L. Farnsworth, Henry Gniver, 
 Aaron Henry, Amos HenryJ, Cornelius Kimble, Elias C. Kohler, Josiah KohlerJ, 
 Frantz Katzer, William King, Lewis Krise, Jacob Linck, Cornelius Lefever, Benja- 
 min Long, Henry* F. Mackey, Charles Morris, Winfield S. Mackey, John Maneval, 
 Jacob Eibble, Frank Shaffer, William W. Seaman, Frederick Snyder, Franklin 
 ShefferJ, Theodore J. Sheffer, George A. Thomas, Benjamin Weastf, William P. 
 Wheelandf , Charles D. Wheeland and George E. Wheeland. 
 
 . Company G of this regiment was also composed principally of officers and men 
 from Tioga county. Their names are as follows: 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded % Wounded, t Died. 
 16 
 
242 HISTOKY OJ? TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 First Lieutenant: P. H. BlanchardJ. 
 
 Second Lieutenant: Henry G. Stephen. 
 
 Sergeant: Charles S. Beach. 
 
 Corporals: John P. Blanehard*, Samuel P. King and William D. Lutz. 
 
 Privates: Curry Beach, Charles Carpenter, Wesley P. Cady*, George W. Curran, 
 Samuel M. Craft, Erastus Cooper, William DifEenbaugh, Henry Erway, Wesley Ely, 
 Hiram D. Ereebom, Daniel G. GephartJ, George A. Gee, Joseph House, Chauncey 
 Howard, Minor JacksonJ, George Keller, John Kulp, Henry S. Keeney, Wilson 
 Kingt, Albert Love, Hiram LeonardJ, William Miller, M. B. McBridef, Chaxles Sweet 
 
 and Abner E. Sweet. 
 
 Company H, also raised in Tioga county, had the following roster : 
 
 Captain: Eobert T. WoodJ, promoted to major, and mustered out with regi- 
 ment with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 First Lieutenant: John E. Parkhurst. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Amasa C. Culver and Oliver P. BabcockJ. 
 
 Sergeants: John H. Carl, Abijah Kiser, , Oliver P. BabcockJ, William Pierce 
 and James Vandusen*. 
 
 Corporals: George BastianJ, Albert D. Kemp, David Hulslander, Jesse Howe, 
 Miles EglestonJ, Milton Lewis and Hiram Green. 
 
 Privates: Henry Avery, M. S. Bostwick, Henry 0. Bliss, Jarvis M. Bamhart, 
 Luther B. Bradley, Andrew K. BuUint, Alonzo G. BuUin, Olis L. Butts, Louis L. 
 Bevier, George H. Brown, George W. Bowen, Wilbur BrownJ, John Baker, William 
 Bastiant, Lewis Barrett, John H. Campbell, Ira Curran, Charles H. Conklin, Uriah 
 Conklin, Charles Crosby, Samuel Courter, George W. Champlin, James Daily, Joseph 
 Dailyt, James K. Daily, E. W. Dingmant Theodore Doan, Hugh DerrJ, Samuel D. 
 Dougherty, Franklin Freeman, Jeremiah Fogleman, William GrahamJ, Solomon S. 
 Grover, James Grover, C. F. Gee, Vernon Green, Cromwell H. Gridley, Aaron Her- 
 rington, William Hoyt, Daniel Hayne, Benjamin Henry, Orange G. Johnson, D. C. 
 Kemp, Gilbert Kiser, Henry Kiser, Henry Kennedy, Willard Lewis, Thomas Lapp*, 
 H. Lapp, Wilson Mack, Johnson Mack, Andrew J. Mack, L. B. Maynard, H. C. Man- 
 ning, David Passel, Francis M. Seely, John G. Seely, James H. Seely, Perry Strait, 
 Nicholas Slyter, Charles Starr, Eugene Sherwood, William K. Springer, Daniel Sun- 
 derland, A. C. Sturdevant, Orrin M. Taylorf, Andrew Turk*, J. C. Thompsont, 
 Joseph UphamJ, James Vandusen*, Byron Vandusen, Samuel Vangorder, Ebenezer 
 Warren, James Wilson, Lawrence Watson and Jonathan F. Yost. 
 
 Company K of this regiment was recruited for the most part in Charleston and 
 Delmar townships. Its roster is as follows: 
 
 Captain: John J. Eeese. 
 
 First Lieutenant: John Karr. 
 
 Second Lieutenants: Thomas D. Elliott and William L. Eeese. 
 
 Sergeants: Daniel A. EvansJ, Samuel A. Mack and Edson D. Mitchell*. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant: Chauncey F. Dartt. 
 
 Corporals: Michael C. Campbell^ and Elijah S. Kelseyf . 
 
 Privates: James H. Belling, Simeon Bacon, James H. Bockus, Martin Bennett, 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. | Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAE OF THE KBBBLLIOHr. 243 
 
 Eichard A. Browiij William V. Borden^ Frederick Campbell, Amos Campbell, Henry 
 U. Cadyt, John Cole, Edwin Campbell, Thomas Cruttenden, Luther S. CollinsJ, 
 Peter Champaign, James CarpenterJ, Charles L. DimmickJ, Louis Doumaux, Jesse 
 B. Doane, Hiram G. Davis*, Eeuben Dike, John E. Dibble, Andrew J. Duryea, 
 Darius L. DeaneJ, (promoted to sergeant major), James B. English, Eichard W. 
 EUiston, Samuel D. Evans, Edward English, Charles V. Goodwin, William H. Har- 
 rison*, Charles Houghton, Lyman HartJ, William D.. Jones, Jeremiah G. Jones, 
 Joseph B. Jaquish, Linas S. Jennings, Orlando P. Jones, David E. Johnson, Eobert 
 Kelsey, Charles E. Kelsey, Hiram KlockJ, Benjamin P. Kelsey, Lewis Kohler, Fred- 
 erick J. Moyer, Eli Moyer*, Thomas Morris*, Joseph Horseman, Delos V. Miller, 
 John Hosier, Elisha McCarty, Edward Osbom, ITathan Palmer*, George M. Potts, 
 James L. Plumley, Joshua S. Phoenix, George E. Putnam, William Putnam, Arvine 
 Eeese, James L. Eeese, Charles Stephens, Eobert Satterlee, Alfred SehiefEelin, Abram 
 M. Sherman, John Snyder, S. Starkweather^, George M. Tabor, Stephen J. ThomasJ, 
 Charles Venton, Benjamin C. Van Horn, D. P. Whitehead, John Willard, Eoswell I. 
 Webster, Eobert J. Wilson, H. B. Webster, George P. Wilson, Elijah Warren, Aseph 
 Wilkinson and K. Wilson. 
 
 THIHTT-FIFTH EEGIMENT EMBEGBNCT MEN. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg July 4, 1863, and was mustered out 
 August 7, 1863. It had the following officers from Tioga county: 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel: E. G. Schieffelin. 
 
 Quartermaster: Hugh Young. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon: W. W. Webb. 
 
 Morgan L. Bacon was captain; John S. Murdough, first lieutenant, and Abram 
 B. DeWitt, second lieutenant of Company E. 
 
 William Cole was captain; W. S. Boatman, first lieutenant, and Eobert H. 
 Steele, second lieutenant, of Company F. 
 
 Luman Stevens was captain; Giles Eoberts, first lieutenant, and E. D. Euther- 
 ford, second lieutenant, of Company G. 
 
 Horace S. Johnson was captain; Eomanzo C. Bailey, first lieutenant, and Henry 
 E. Fish, second lieutenant, of Company K. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS. 
 
 In addition to the companies and parts of companies recruited in Tioga county, 
 a number of her citizens were to be found as individual members of companies raised 
 in other parts of the State. Many also served in companies raised across the line in 
 southern ISTew York, while still others found their way into western regiments. 
 After the lapse of more than thirty years, it has been found impossible to ascertain 
 the names of all serving in these various miscellaneous commands, though the list 
 which follows will be found fairly representative. 
 
 Thomas E. De Pui, of Tioga, and George E. Harris, of LaT\Tence, served in the 
 Twenty-ninth regimental band. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. } Wounded, f Died. 
 
244 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. p. D. Bitter, late of Gaines, served as assistant sxirgeon of the Fourth Keserve 
 from June until August, 1863. 
 
 Dr. Daniel S. Foster, of Mainesburg, served as corporal in Company A, Fifth 
 Reserve, until he was discharged by reason of a severe wound received at the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, December 13, 1863. 
 
 Capt. Eobert W. Sturrock, who served in Company K, Fifth Eeserve, from 
 Bradford county, and was killed at Gaines' Mills, June 37, 1863, began life as a 
 printer, and was a partner of M. H. Cobb during the earlier years of the Wellsboro 
 Agitator's existence. In 1860 he removed to Bradford county, and became associated 
 with E. A. Goodrich, of Towanda, in the publication of the Reporter. D. H. Pitts, 
 now a prominent merchant of Mansfield, also served in Company K, Fifth Eeserve. 
 
 Job and Almon Wetmore, of Charleston township, who enlisted as privates in 
 Company H, Sixth Eeserve, were assigned to duty as members of the band of the 
 First brigade, Pennsylvania Eeserves. 
 
 The following members of Company C, Twelfth Eeserve, recruited in Bradford 
 county, were from Tioga county: Sergeants: Lyman Douglas, William Daggett 
 and Joshua H. Graves. Corporal: Cyrus J. Spencer. Privates: George S. Borden, 
 Cyrus D. Chapman, George D. Comfort, William A. Corzatt, Timothy Fellon, John 
 W. Garrison, Joseph W. Inscho, Augustus Land, Volney M. Levalley, James Peters, 
 Philip Petty, Nelson H. Eobbins, David Short, James Sturdevant, Henry A. Vaughan, 
 Seely Williams and Aaron Wilson. 
 
 Elijah J. Dartt, of Shippen, and Joshua Bernauer, of Gaines, served in Battery 
 D, First Artillery. Mellwood C. Gillespie, also of Shippen, served as second lieuten- 
 ant in same command, and afterwards re-enlisted as a private in Company G, Eighth 
 Cavalry. 
 
 Elisha S. Horton, of Westfield, served as second sergeant in Company H, Forty- 
 sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 Victor Leroy Kelts, of Mansfield, served in Company G, Fifty-first Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and died at Camp Parole, May 13, 1863. His brother, Alexander Ham- 
 ilton Kelts, served in Company D, same command, and was killed at the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, December 13, 1863. 
 
 G. W. Butterworth served as sergeant of Company G, Fifty-third Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers from March 2, 186-1, to June 30, 1865. Before enlisting he was connected 
 with the Agitator. John E. Harvey, of Westfield, also served in the same company. 
 
 W. W. Eichardson, who enlisted as a private in Company G, Fifty-eighth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, was promoted successively to corporal, sergeant and second 
 lieutenant. J. E. Ault, of Liberty, enlisted as a private in Company G, of this regi- 
 ment, and was promoted to first lieutenant. 
 
 James Irvin, of Union township, a brother of ex-Sheriff Irvin, served in Company 
 B, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and died in the service. 
 
 Peter Bush, of Brookfield, served in Company D, Ninety-third; Martin V. 
 Clemens, of Charleston, in Company A, and Lewis Moyer and Francis M. ShefEer, of 
 Liberty, in Company D, Ninety-eighth; Henry E. Chamberlain, of Elkland, in Com- 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. X Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAE OF THE EBBELLION. 245 
 
 pany C, and Daniel L. Van Diisen, of Osceola, in Company D, Ninety-ninth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers. 
 
 Dr. A. M. Sheardown served as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and 
 Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers from June to December, 1863. 
 
 The following named citizens of Tioga county served in the Eleventh Penn- 
 sylvajiia Cavalry: Lorimus B. Ackley, of Clyraer, and Lafayette Farr, of Middlebury, 
 Company D; Benjamin J. Mann, of Tioga, Company E; Noah H. Marvin, corporal. 
 Company H; Andrew J. DickersonJ, Company M, and William Shellman, of Tioga. 
 
 Dewey Whitmarsh and James H. Metcalf, of Westfield, and Franklin B. Scudder, 
 of Covington, served in Battery E, Second Pennsylvania Artillery. 
 
 Tracey 0. HoUis served as second lieutenant of Company E, Twelfth Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry, from October, 1862, to March, 1863. He subsequently served in the 
 Second Artillery and in the United States secret service. 
 
 Dr. William B. Hartman served as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and 
 Sixteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers from March, 1863, to July 4, 1864, when he was 
 promoted to surgeon. He was discharged June 3, 1865. 
 
 Tioga county was represented in Company G, Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 as follows: William Zinck and Isaac F. Wheeland, corporals, and the following 
 privates: David A. Cochran, Charles Foulkrod, Warren Phelps, Alfred Phelps, 
 Daniel Smith and Samuel Weast, all from Liberty borough. 
 
 Eoswell A. Walker, of Covington township, who died at Belle Plain, Virginia, 
 December 7, 1862, and Chauncey W. Wheeler, of Liberty, served in Company C, One 
 Hundred and Thirty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 James Labar and Benjamin F. Mulford, of Westfield, served in Company I, One 
 Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 Tioga county was represented in the Third Artillery as follows: Eichard W. 
 Jackson and George W. Kelts, sergeants, and John Blair, Charles E. Hall, William 
 J. Hall and A. T. Goodrich, privates, of Battery F; W. C. Marvin and H. T. Graves, 
 Battery G, and Charles S. Kingsley, Batterj' L. 
 
 Charles K. Thompson served as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth regiment from March until June, 1865. 
 
 Tioga county was represented as follows in the Sixteenth Cavalry: Thomas 
 Bowell, corporal, and Thomas J. Archer, Charles G. Campbell, James L. Cook, Isaac 
 P. Foster and Leroy V. Kelts, Company B; William H. Beardsley, first lieutenant, 
 Andrew Cady, corporal, and W. J. Beecroft, William H. Garison, H. G. Smith, 
 Ezekiel Thomas and James Walter, privates. Company D; George H. Smith and 
 Sovrine Eumsey, Company H; George D. Beecher, second lieutenant. Company I, and 
 M, Buchanan, Company K. 
 
 Vincent F. Sly served as a private in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy- 
 first Drafted Militia. 
 
 Frank H. Purhen served as a private in Company H, One Hundred and Seventy- 
 third Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 Harry T. Graves, now the editor of the Millerton Advocate, served in Company 
 E, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. 1 Wounded, t Died. 
 
246 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. George D. Maine, of Mainesburg, served as surgeon of the One Hundred and 
 Ninety-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 Euius Gr. Treat, of Chatham township, served as a private in Company D, One 
 Hundred and Mnty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 George E. Tripp, of Union township, served iu Company G, Two Hundred and 
 Third regiment. 
 
 Joseph P. Eipley, Volney Ripley, M. H. Fralic and HoUister Leach, of Richmond 
 township, served in Company K, Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 IN NEW YOHK HEGIMBNTS. 
 
 As Tioga coimty borders on the State of New York, some of her sons joined 
 regiments in that State. But owing to the difi&eolty of locating them it is almost 
 impossible to secure the names of aU. 
 
 Edward E. Rockwell served in Company K, Twenty-third regiment. 
 
 W. H. Leisenring, of Nauvoo, was color-bearer of the Thirty-third regiment. 
 He also served in the Third and in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiments.- 
 
 Leverne Kimball, of Osceola, and James Taft, of Knoxville, served in Company 
 E, Thirty-fourth regiment. 
 
 Floyd Ashley, Charles Rozelle, Philo TuUer, of Tioga, and Samuel Welch, served 
 in the Fiftieth regiment. 
 
 Seeley D. GreenJ, of Osceola, served in Company G, Sixty-fourth regiment. 
 
 Richard Smith, of Osceola, served in Company E, Seventy-seventh regiment. 
 
 In the Eighty-sixth regiment were the following: Amos P. Hawkins, Company 
 A; Asaph Johnson, of Osceola, Company B; George Vastbinder, of Osceola, Company 
 C; William E. Seely, of Osceola, and John Cornell, of Jackson, Company E; A. N. 
 Dunham, of Knoxville, Company F; Stephen P. ChaseJ, of Brookfield, color-bearer, 
 and Sylvester Hunt, of Brookfield, Company H, and Edwin B. Bulkley, of Westfield, 
 Company K. 
 
 Orville S. Kimball, of Westfield, and Harlan P. Kimball, served in Company I, 
 One Hundred and Third regiment. 
 
 William H. Lemger, of Osceola, served in Company K, One Hundred and Sev- 
 enth regiment. 
 
 Augustus CaduganJ, of Osceola, served in Company I, One Hundred and Six- 
 teenth regiment. 
 
 In the One Hundred and Forty-first regiment were the following: Gilbert H. 
 Tremain, of Westfield, Company D; John W. Hammond, captain, and Truman B. 
 Foote and Sylvester Tinney, all of Osceola, Company G. 
 
 David Sherman served in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-ninth regiment. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Darling, of Lawreneeville, served as surgeon of the One Hundred and 
 Sixty-first regiment; and Legrand G. Brant, of Lawrence township, in Company G; 
 James Freeland, of Osceola, in Company H, and Clark K. Cameron, of Osceola, in 
 Company I, of this regiment. 
 
 John L. Robb, of Parmington, now a resident of Wellsboro, served in Company 
 D, One Hundred and Ninety-fourth regiment. 
 
 * Killed or morrtally wounded, t Wounded, f Died. 
 
WAE OF THE KBBBLLION. 247 
 
 Thomas C. Knapp, of Lawrence townshipj enlisted in the First Cavalry, but was 
 afterward transferred to the Second Cavalry. 
 
 Leroy Hoaglin, lieutenant, George Mack and Andrew Sutton, all of Osceola, 
 served in Company G, Second Veteran Cavalry. Delos Kelts, of Lawrence township, 
 served in Company B, and Luman M. Smith, of Lavrrence township, in Company B 
 of this regiment. Anderson Bunn served in the Twelfth Cavalry, and J. J. Brady in 
 the Mounted Eifles. Seeley D. Green, of Osceola, after re-enlistment, served in Com- 
 pany G, Twenty-second Cavalry. 
 
 Eev. Stephen M. Dayton, of Osceola, served in Battery D, Thirteenth Heavy 
 Artillery. 
 
 IN OTHES STATES. 
 
 Daniel Butler, of Charleston, served in the First Minnesota regiment. 
 
 Lott M. Webb served on the United States gunboat Kinea, in the Gulf squadron. 
 
 C. M. Prutsman, of Tioga, was an orderly sergeant in the Seventh Wisconsin 
 Volunteers. Horace Johnson, of Tioga, served in the same command. 
 
 George E. Stauiier, of Sullivan, served in Company C, Second Maryland Cavalry. 
 
 John Lynch, of Osceola, served in Company F, First Connecticut Cavalry. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Darling, Jr., of Lawrenceville, served as assistant surgeon at Washing- 
 ton, D. C, one year, was then assigned to the Western army, and in 1864 was the 
 operating surgeon of the Twenty-third Army Corps, and later served as surgeon in 
 the navy. 
 
 Thomas V. Darling, a brother of Lewis, served four years in the United States 
 Marine Corps. 
 
 Dr. Milton P. Orton, of Lawrenceville, served as surgeon from 1863 until his 
 death at Hatteras Inlet, February 3, 1864. 
 
 Capt. H. S. Green, formerly of Wellsboro, served from Kansas, in "Jim Lane's 
 Brigade." 
 
 Capt. A. M. Pitts, who died in Mansfield, October 3, 1891, enlisted as a private 
 in Company A, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, August 10, 1863, and was successively pro- 
 moted until he became captain of Company D, the same year. He was honorably 
 discharged in September, 1865. 
 
 Charles Irvin, of Union township, a brother of ex-Sheriff John Irvin, served in 
 the Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, and was killed at Fort Donelson. 
 
 EOTJETEENTH TTHriTED STATES IHTFANTEY. 
 
 Company C, of the First battalion, of the above regiment, had the following 
 Tioga county men, mustered August 37, 1863, for three years: 
 
 Homer J. Eipley, commissioned first lieutenant June 3, 1865; captain 
 September 15, 1867; resigned January 1, 1871. James B. Eumsey, hospital steward; 
 William H. Eumsey, sergeant; Abijah S. Eeynolds, corporal. Privates: Henry 
 Sliagerland, L. F. Doud, Melville L. Maine, George Clark, Charles Clarke, Charles 
 A. Jones, B. P. Ford, Harvey Peters, Willard Compton, James Vahzile, Truman 
 Mudge. They were mustered out in August, 1865. 
 
 Captain Eipley was mustered as captain of Company D, Thirty-second regiment, 
 
 * Killed or mortally wounded. JWounded. f Died. 
 
248 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 United States army, which was the Third battalion of the Fourteenth infantry, and 
 served in Arizona and other parts of the west until his resignation in 1871. He 
 closed his third consecutive term as register and recorder of Tioga county, January 
 4, 1897. 
 
 SOLDIBES' MONUMENT. 
 
 West of the pagoda, on "The Green," facing the court house, is the monument 
 erected to the memory of the soldiers and sailors of Tioga county, who gave their 
 lives for the defense of the Union during the War of the Rebellion. This monument 
 was unveiled and dedicated ISTovember 18, 1886, with appropriate ceremonies. It is 
 of Green Mountain granite, which has a soft gray tinge when unpolished, very hard 
 and enduring, and which takes a fine and lasting polish. The only polished portions 
 are the tablets. The one facing Main street bears the following inscription: 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 the 
 
 Soldiers and Sailors 
 
 of 
 
 Tiog-a County 
 
 who died 
 
 That the Nation Might Live. 
 
 1861—1865. 
 
 The tablet on the opposite side of the monument contains the single line: 
 It is noble to die for one's country. 
 
 The base and shaft of the monument is twenty-five feet high, and the base stone 
 is eight feet square. The figure of the infantry soldier, that fittingly crowns the 
 work, is a very finely-cut and life-like statue, seven feet six inches high. It weighs 
 nearly a ton and cost $3,000. The cost of the whole work, including incidentals, 
 was about $4,600. This amount was raised by voluntary contributions throughout 
 the county. 
 
 The occasion of unveiling the monument was a memorable one. Despite the 
 inclement weather, there was a large attendance. The opening address was by M. 
 H. Cobb, followed by General Gobin, orator of the day. The monument was pre- 
 sented to George Cook Post, G. A. E., by Hon. Henry W. Williams, who referred to 
 the fact that Tioga county contributed nearly 3,000 men to suppress the Rebellion. 
 This, out of a population of about 31,000, was a large number — almost one in ten— 
 and of this number probably one-fourth lost their lives, on the field of battle, in the 
 hospital or in the prison pens of the South. 
 
 The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 
 
 The soldier's last tattoo; 
 No more on life's parade shall meet 
 
 That brave and fallen few. 
 On fame's eternal camping ground 
 
 Their silent tents are spread, 
 But glory guards, with solemn round. 
 
 The bivouac of the dead. 
 
 LOSSES IN THE WAH. 
 
 Maj. George W. Merrick, in an address made a few years ago on Decoration Day, 
 said: 
 
LITEKATUEE OF TIOGA. 249 
 
 At the breaking out of the Civil War the adult male population of the county was 
 about SIX thousand. Of this number two thousand enlisted in the Federal armies. The 
 spirit of the fathers lived in the sons. Of this number, there were lost in battle: At 
 Fredericksburg, 19; South Mountain, 16; Antietam, 6; Gettysburg, 15; Wilderness, 18; 
 Cold Harbor, 15; Petersburg, 47; and in thirty-five other battles of the war, 182; acci- 
 dentally killed, 3; died in Union hospitals, 62; died while prisoners of war, 56. Total loss 
 during the continuance of the war, 445. Twenty-two per cent, of the whole number en- 
 listed laid down their lives for their country! These simple figures speak volumes for 
 the loyalty of Tioga county in the War of the Kebellion. 
 
 CHAPTEE XYL 
 
 LITEEATUEE OP TIOGA. 
 
 JosiAH Emery's English Grammar— Lydia Jane Pierson, the Forest Minstrel 
 —Mary Emily Jackson, a Native Poetess— M. H. Cobb, Printer and Poet— 
 "Nessmuk," the Lover and Poet op Nature— His Rambles, Travels, and 
 Writings. 
 
 IT is scarcely known that Tioga has a literature of which any county might feel 
 proud. The first publication was an English Grammar, made as early as 1829. 
 It was by Josiah Emery, a teacher in the old Academy at that time. The grammar, 
 which was a small work, was "designed as a first book for children commencing the 
 study." It was copyrighted March 9, 1829, and was entitled "An Abridgment of 
 English Grammar, by J. Emery, A. B." The certificate of copyright is signed by 
 James Armstrong, clerk of the Western District of Pennsylvania, at Williamsport. 
 The little grammar has long since passed out of print and it is almost impossible at 
 this day to find a copy. In fact there are few living who have any knowledge of it. 
 
 LYDIA JANE PIEESON. 
 
 Mrs. Lydia Jane Pierson, for many years a resident of Tioga county, attained 
 great distinction as a poetess, and for years ranked with the best female poets of 
 America. Her maiden name was Wheeler, and she was born in Middletown, Connec- 
 ticut, in 1802. When sixteen years of age her parents removed to Madison county, 
 New York, where she was employed in teaching school until 1821, when she married 
 Oliver Pierson, a widower, of Cazenovia, twenty-four years her senior, and the father 
 of five children. Her biographer, Mr. Goodrich, says that about the time of their 
 marriage Mr. Pierson traded a farm for one thousand acres of wild land lying in the 
 western part of Liberty and the eastern part of Morris townships, Tioga county, and 
 in the following year he moved with his young wife, accompanied by two of his 
 married daughters and their husbands, to this land. The country was then (1823) 
 in such a wilderness condition that they were obliged to cut a road nearly the whole 
 
250 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 distance from the Block Hoiise settlement (five miles) to his land, and then make an 
 old log cabin their temporary abode until lumber could be hauled a long distance 
 to construct a better dwelling. 
 
 It was here, under these adverse and trying circumstances — so unlike what she 
 had been used to — contending with stern fate, yet holding "sweet converse with 
 nature and with nature's charms," that she began to write poetry. To a spirit like 
 hers, in a wilderness home, surrounded by so many sore trials — ^both domestic and 
 pecuniary — ^Ufe would have been a great burden had she not been inspired by an 
 intense religious zeal, which not only found expression in her daily work and life, 
 but was also the chief theme of her songs, which bear a strong resemblance to the 
 poems of Mrs. Hemans. 
 
 Soon after the establishment of The Pioneer, at Wellsboro, she began writing for 
 that paper, and many fine pieces not found in her published volumes, appeared in 
 its columns. 
 
 Some time in 1833, Mr. Pierson, who had by that time cleared a farm, rented 
 it and removed with his family to Jersey Shore, when his wife became a contributor 
 to the Lycoming Gazette, then a weekly paper of some prominence, published at WiU- 
 iamsport. At the end of two years Mr. Pierson purchased a bill of merchandise on 
 credit, returned with his family to his old home, and attempted to carry on a mer- 
 cantile business, but disastrously failed, and his farm of 400 acres was sold by the 
 sherifE to satisfy his creditors. The property was bid off by Judge Ellis Lewis and 
 A. V. Parsons, and deeded to Thaddeus Stevens in trust for Mrs. Pierson during her 
 life, and at her death to be divided among her children. 
 
 Her good luck came about in this wise. At the time Mr. Stevens, as a member of 
 the legislature, was advocating the free school system, she wrote a poem compli- 
 mentary of both him and the system, which pleased him so much that he sent her 
 fifty dollars, subsequently made her acquaintance, became the trustee of the property 
 of herself and children, and educated one of her sons. And through his aid, and 
 some kind friends in Philadelphia, she had her first volume of poems — ^Forest 
 Leaves — published in 1845. The following year her second volume — The Forest 
 Minstrel — was published. Each of these volumes comprise 364 pages, and they in- 
 clude from seventy-five to eighty poems each. Of the longest and best sustained 
 poems of a high order of merit, may be mentioned "The "Wandering Spirit," 
 "Changes," "A Moonlight Dream," "Sunrise in the Forest," "Sunset in the Forest," 
 "The White Thorn and Lennorah," ajid "Elijah on Mount Horeb," all contained in 
 Forest Leaves; and in The Forest Minstrel such as "The Three Marys," "Old Letters," 
 "The Shipwreck," "The Battle Field," etc., may be found. 
 
 There is high authority for sayrag that some of the compositions here mentioned, 
 and many others of less eztent contained in these two volumes, "will bear com- 
 parison with theproductions of the most popular and gifted American poets." N. P. 
 Willis, a high and recognized authority in literature, once said of Mrs. Pierson that 
 in sacred and Christian themes she bore away from him the palm. 
 
 During a part of 1849 and 1850 Mrs. Pierson edited the Lancaster Intelligencer. 
 In 1853 she and her husband, with two daughters and five sons of the second mar- 
 riage, went to Adrian, Michigan, leaving one daughter, Mrs. Emmick, on the old 
 homestead. In this latter place she died in 1862, aged sixty years, and is there 
 
LITEHATUEE OE TIOGA. 251 
 
 buried. Her widowed husband returned to Liberty, and died at Mrs. Emmick's house 
 in 1865, aged eighty-seven years. Of this large family not more than one or two 
 axe now living. 
 
 Her trials and tribulations were great, but in the midst of her sorrows her 
 genius shown resplendant and made her name immortal. One of the most pathetic 
 of her poems, not usually found in her published collections, is on the departure 
 from her forest home in Tioga county. It is as follows: 
 
 THE LONG FAREWELL. 
 Farewell ! ye woody wilds, a long farewell, 
 
 With acMng heart I bid this fond adien; 
 Ye verdant hills and every lonely dell, 
 
 And silver streams that glide the forest thro' ; 
 Ye bowers of ever verdant laurel wreathes, 
 And shades where florid health forever breathes. 
 
 Perhaps the last gaze now rests on you. 
 
 1 saw ye first with agonizing breast. 
 
 And tear drops from the heart's recesses wrung, 
 
 And friendships severed bonds my soul distrest. 
 And every hand that late to mine had clung. 
 
 And every eye illum'd with light divine, 
 
 Whose tearful lingering gaze was fix'd on mine, 
 Seemed present to my heart by absence stung. 
 
 Yet soon I found in the unbroken calm 
 
 Of nature's uninvaded deep repose, 
 A sacred rest, a tranquilizing- balm, 
 
 A half oblivion of the keenest woes — 
 I found a solemn joy amid the gloom, 
 As mourners find o'er virtue's grass-grown tomb. 
 
 And saw "the desert blossom like the rose." 
 
 I've seen industry fill the forest's pride. 
 
 And cultivation bring her magic wand. 
 And holy friendship near to bliss allied, 
 
 Presented me again her faithful hand — 
 Contentment beamed upon the calm retreat. 
 And peace and half blown joys with incense sweet. 
 
 Combined to chain my heart with firmest band. 
 
 Yet now I go — ^perhaps no more to trace 
 The foot path winding thro' the dewy glade, 
 
 Or gaze with rapture on the beaming face 
 Of lov'd companion thro' the chequer'd shade. 
 
 Or sit and rest upon the fallen tree. 
 
 While nature's truth in open converse free. 
 Unveiled the heart and flitting time betray'd. 
 
 Farewell ye woods — farewell ye cultur'd fields. 
 Ye infant fruit trees and ye cherish'd fiowers, 
 
 Some other shall enjoy your ripen'd yields. 
 
 And ye shall soothe some other's twilight hours; 
 
 Will friendship sometimes as it passes by, 
 
 Bend on your early buds a tearful eye. 
 And think of her who lov'd your balmy bowers ? 
 
252 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Farewell my friends — ^heaven wills that we shall part, 
 
 But absence cannot break affection's chain, 
 And while remembrance clings around my heart. 
 
 Your idea ever cherish'd shall remain — 
 Oft shall I weep amid the bustling scene, 
 For those with whom 1 rov'd the wild wood green. 
 
 Or live by memory's light with them again. 
 
 O ! can I say we shall not meet again — 
 
 No, hope forbids that fear to be exprest ; 
 Yet, ah ! what bitter days, what months of pain. 
 
 What cruel pangs may wring each absent breast; 
 What tears may fall above affection's tomb; 
 What cherish'd hopes may wither in their bloom, 
 
 Before these hands in mine again are prest. 
 
 ! hide my errors in oblivion's wave. 
 
 And twine my friendship with the laurel wreath. 
 
 1 have no foes — ^that name I never gave 
 
 To erring mortal on this world beneath — 
 Remember me, and while heaven's light I view, 
 In sacred truth I'll breathe a prayer for you, 
 
 'Till this warm heart is cold and still in death. 
 
 — Ltdia Jane. 
 
 maht emily jackson. 
 
 Mary Emily Jackson early in life evinced a talent for writing verse of a high 
 order, and became distinguished for her talent. She was born in 1821, in Wells- 
 boro, and was reared by her grandfather, Ebenezer Jackson. Her mother was 
 one of his (Ebenezer's) daughters. Miss Jackson was a pupil in the "Old Academy," 
 and it was while attending school that her poetic genius began to develop, and 
 between 1830 and 1840 she was at the height of her fame. 
 
 Mr. Henry H. Goodrich, in a brief sketch of her, published several years ago, 
 says that she contributed poems to the Wellsboro Phoenix, and subsequently to 
 the Saturday Evening Post, and the New Yorker, obtaining from them such a high 
 appreciation of her talent that Horace Greeley, the principal editor of the latter 
 paper, invited her to become a member of his household and write regularly for his 
 paper. This flattering offer she declined. 
 
 It is regretted that her poems were not collected and published in a volume. 
 All were fugitive pieces, and few can be found at this day. Her poetry was marked 
 by much harmony of expression, versatility of thought, and delicacy of sentiment, 
 combined with a calm, gentle and appreciative love of nature; but imbued with 
 that spirit of sadness instinctive in and characteristic of the true poet. She was 
 possessed of more than ordinary personal charm and beauty, which joined to her 
 amiable disposition and adorned by her literary talent, made her society esteemed, 
 and won for her many admiring friends. She was of medium height, with hair 
 and eyes dark, complexion pale and delicate, and manner of exceeding grace. In 
 1843 she married Isaac Cleaver, of Covington, and went there to reside, when she 
 discontinued her contributions to the press. She died at the residence of her son 
 Isaac, at Troy, Bradford county, in 1869, and is-buried by the side of her husband 
 at Covington, who preceded her to the grave. They had two sons and one daughter. 
 The latter, named for her mother, married H. F. Long. 
 
LITEEATUKE OF TIOGA. 253 
 
 Tradition says that her finest poem was entitled "My Mountain Home," but 
 diligent search has failed to develop a copy. The only poem that could be found 
 at the present time was discovered in a stray copy of the Phoenix, printed many years 
 ago. It is entitled "The Parting," and from the tone of sadness which seems to 
 crop out in every stanza, it is inferred that it was written about the time she became 
 a bride and left the home of her childhood at Wellsboro. It is as follows: 
 
 The Parting. 
 One look, one passionate parting word, 
 
 And the pang of the heart is o'er; 
 One tear for the yearning which grief hath stirred, 
 For the deep, low tones of the farewell heard, 
 And we shall meet no more. 
 
 * 
 And yet as the lingering ray of eve 
 
 Fades over the distant sea — 
 
 As twilight's shadows the wild flowers leave, 
 
 • And the winds thro' the leaves of the lotus grieve, 
 
 Will ye have no thought for me? 
 
 I am leaving the whispers of bnd and bough, 
 
 Ere the summer's wild flowers fade; 
 Yet a furrovif is deep on my darkened brow. 
 That has worn in its sorrowless pride till now. 
 
 The garland ye have made. 
 
 And as the winds of the cold north come 
 
 With a tone more sad and deep ; 
 Will ye not meet at our childhood's home 
 For the weary feet that are doomed to roam 
 
 In their fragile strength, to weep? 
 
 Ye have been the fountain in life's young hour, ' 
 
 Of affection's wealth to me ; 
 And now when the tempests of noonday lower 
 And fate frowns dark with a fiendish power, 
 
 Will ye not think of me? » 
 
 Ye will think of me, ye will think of me 
 
 As ye think of the soulless dead; 
 Ye will meet at the haunts of our childish glee. 
 Where all bright things of the earth are free. 
 
 But not as in days now fled. 
 
 Ye will know that a shadow has passed away. 
 
 That broken is love's deep spell; 
 That hushed are the breathings of Love's young lay. 
 And dark is the close of its summer day — 
 
 Home, friends of my youth, farewell! 
 
 — Maby Emilt Jackson. 
 
 M. H. COBB, PKINTER AND POET. 
 
 One of the sweetest singers of Tioga's poets was j\I. H. Cobb, for some time 
 editor and publisher of the Wellsboro Agitator. So highly appreciated were his 
 poetic effusions, that on the eve of his departure for another field of labor, his friends 
 pollected a "small number of the many excellent fruits of his own genius," printed 
 
254 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 them in a beautiful little volume and presented it to him as "a memento of friend- 
 ship." 
 
 Mr. Cobb was bom in Litchfield county, Connecticut, April 30, 1838, and became 
 a printer and editor in early life. His connection with the Agitator will be found 
 described in the chapter on the press of Wellsboro. 
 
 Harpel's elegant volume, entitled "Poets and Poetry of Printerdom," refers to 
 that exquisite gem, "The World Would Be the Better for It," in these words: "It 
 took form in his mind almost unbidden early one December morning in 1854, and 
 rising he transcribed it, and sent it to the New York Tribune, and it has been every- 
 Avhere read since. He obeyed the poetic impulse then, under the influence of love 
 for humanity." Here is the poem: 
 
 THE WOBLD WOTTLD BE THE BETTER FOE IT. 
 
 If men cared less for wealth and fame, 
 And less for battlefields and glory; 
 If, writ in human hearts, a name 
 
 Seemed better than in song and story; 
 If men, instead of nursing pride. 
 
 Would learn to hate and to abhor it; 
 If more relied 
 On love to guide. 
 The world would be the better for it. 
 
 If men dealt less in stocks and lands, 
 
 And more in bonds and deeds fraternal; 
 If love's work had more willing hands 
 To link this world with the supernal; 
 If men stored up love's oil and wine, 
 And on bruised human hearts would pour it; 
 If "yours" and "mine" 
 Would once combine, 
 The world would be the better for it. 
 
 If more would act the play of Life, 
 
 And fewer spoil it in rehearsal; 
 If bigotry would sheathe its knife 
 
 Till good became more universal; 
 If custom, gi-ay with ages grown. 
 Had fewer blind men to adore it; 
 If talent shone 
 In truth alone. 
 The world would be the better for it. 
 
 If men were wise in little things — 
 
 Affecting less in all their dealings; 
 If hearts had fewer rusted strings 
 
 To isolate their kindly feelings; 
 If men, when wrong beats down the right, 
 Would strike together to restore it; 
 If right made might 
 In every figlit. 
 The world would be the better for it. 
 
LITEEAXUEB OS TIOGA. 255 
 
 NESSMUK. 
 
 George W. Sears, poet, editor, traveler and woodsman, was born in Massachu- 
 setts, December 2, 1821, and died at Ms home in Wellsboro, May 1, 1890. He early- 
 developed a liking for outdoor life, and in his youth spent much of his time with 
 the remnant of a tribe of Nepmug Indians living near his home. He took a fancy 
 to their chief, Nessmuk, and in after life signed that name to his poetic effusions. 
 
 When he grew to manhood his love for the woods did not forsake him and he 
 spent much of his time in the solitude of the forest, and there many of his finest 
 poems were written on birch bark. Mr. Sears came to Wellsboro in 1848, preceding 
 his father's family several years. He learned the trade of a shoemaker, which he 
 pursued when not enjoying the solitude of the forest. When a young man he shipped 
 aboard a whaler for a three years' cruise, but the vessel put in at Fayal Islands, 
 and, as he was sick with the fever, he was taken ashore and left in the hospital. When 
 convalescent he was sent home by the United States government. 
 
 Some time in the fifties he contributed to the Spirit of the Times a serial 
 romance under the nom de plume of ISTessmuk, which was widely read and commented 
 on. From that time on he became a valued correspondent of Forest and Stream, 
 Outing, American Angler, etc. 
 
 When the call for 75,000 volunteers was made by President Lincoln, he was 
 one of the first to respond and became a member of the original Bucktails; but 
 meeting with an accident while in camp at Harrisburg, by which his right instep 
 was broken, he was discharged and reluctantly returned home. 
 
 In 1867 his love of travel led him to South America, and he spent most of his 
 time at Para, Brazil, carefully watching the workings of the rubber industry and 
 corresponding for the Philadelphia Press. He remained in Brazil nearly a year. 
 
 Mr. Sears was a true lover of nature. Unaccompanied he would go to the wildest 
 nooks with rod, dog and gun, and pass weeks in solitude. In this way he explored 
 the Adirondack region, and the log of his canoe, Nessmuk, a boat which only weighed 
 seventeen pounds, shows a cruise for 1880 of over 550 miles. In 1884 he cruised in 
 the same region a distance of 350 miles, but the voyage was cut short by failing 
 health. 
 
 In order to escape the rigors of the winter in this northern latitude he went to 
 Florida in 1886. The climate agreed with him and he was greatly benefitted. He 
 returned in 1887 and remained during the summer. This was a fatal mistake. He 
 contracted malaria, and this coupled with his king trouble wore his life away. He 
 faded like the maple leaves he loved so well and died as stated in 1890. It was his 
 request to be buried in his own dooryard under the lilacs that he planted, and the 
 six hemlocks which he had carefully nurtured were to be sentinels over his grave. 
 But his wish was not carried out. In the cemetery his remains rest and a granite 
 tablet marks the spot, reared to his memory by the Forest and Stream publishing 
 company. And sunken in the stone is a bronze likeness of the poet in relief, which 
 is said to be excellent. 
 
 A contemporary says that he was somewhat of a recluse. Early in life he made 
 up his mind that the vanities of the world were not worth the struggle. That marts 
 were but places where "man cheats his fellow man, or robs the workman of his 
 wage." The trumpet of Fame sounded not in his ear, urging him to higher aspira- 
 
256 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tions. Prosperity, fortune and position lured him not with their seductive smiles, 
 and for the pomp and vain glory of the world he had no wish or desire. Leaving 
 all the vexations of life, he sought solitu'de in the peaceful woods. In mountain 
 path, by sylvan brook, alone, he loved to stray. The appended gem, written while 
 buried in one of the wildest nooks of Tioga county, shows the thought which moved 
 his mind: 
 
 CEAQS AND PINES. 
 
 Who treads the dirty lanes of trade 
 
 Shall never know the wondrous things 
 
 Told by the rugged forest kings 
 To him who sleeps beneath their shade. 
 
 Only to him whose coat of rags 
 
 Has pressed at night their royal feet 
 
 Shall come the secrets, strange and sweet, 
 Of isegal pines and beetling crags. 
 
 For him the Wood-nymph shall unlock 
 
 The mystic treasures which have lain 
 
 A thousand years in frost and rain. 
 Deep in the bosom of the rock. 
 
 Tor this and these he must lay down 
 
 The things that wordlings most do prize, 
 
 Holding his being in her eyes. 
 His fealty to her laurel crown. 
 
 No greed of gold shall come to him, 
 
 Nor strong desire of earthly praise; 
 
 But he shall love the silent ways 
 Of forest aisles and arches dim. 
 
 And dearer hold the open page 
 
 Of nature's book than shrewdest plan 
 
 By which man cheats his fellow man. 
 Or robs the workman of his wage. 
 
 As a writer of prose and poetry Mr. Sears ranked far above mediocrity. In 1884 
 he published a modest little volume under the nom de plume of Nessmuk, entitled 
 "Woodcraft," giving his experiences of fifty years in the woods, with instructions to 
 hunters and fishermen how to camp out and enjoy the sport. The book proved 
 very popular with sportsmen and ran through several editions. It forms one of the 
 "Forest and Stream" series, and is still much sought after by lovers of the chase. 
 
 But the crowning poem of his life, which gave him reputation and fame in 
 spite of his seclusiveness, was "John 0' the Smithy," first published in the Atlantic 
 Monthly. It is given herewith: 
 
 JOHN O' THE SMITHY. 
 
 Down in the vale where the mavis sings 
 
 And the brook is turning an old-time wheel. 
 From morning till night the anvil rings 
 
 Where John 0' the Smithy is forging steel. 
 
LITEKATUKE OF TIOGA. 257 
 
 My lord rides out at the castle gate, 
 
 My lady is grand in bower and hall, 
 With men and maidens to cringe and wait, 
 
 And John O' the Smithy must pay for all. 
 
 The bishop rides in his coach and four, 
 
 His grooms and horses are fa,t and sleek; 
 He has lackeys behind and lackeys before, 
 
 He rides at a hundred guineas a week. 
 The anvil is singing its "ten pound ten," 
 
 The mavis pipes from its birken spray. 
 And this is the song that fills the glen, 
 
 John O' the Smithy has all to pay. 
 
 The smith has a daughter, rosy and sweet, 
 
 My lord has a son with a wicked eye; 
 When she hears the sound of his horses' feet 
 
 Her heart beats quicker — she knows not why. 
 She will knovy very well before the end; 
 
 She will learn to detest their rank and pride, 
 When she has the young lord's babe to tend. 
 
 While the bishop's daughter becomes his bride. 
 
 There will be the old, old story to tell 
 
 Of wrong and sorrow in places high, 
 A bishop glazing the deeds of hell. 
 
 The Priest and the Levite passing by. 
 And the father may bow his frosted head 
 
 When he sees the young bride up at the hall. 
 And say 'twere better his child were dead, 
 
 But John O' the Smithy must pay for all. 
 
 The smith and his daughter will pass away, 
 
 And another shall make the anvil ring 
 For his daily bread and the hodden gray; 
 
 But the profits shall go to the priest and king. 
 And over the wide world, day by day, 
 
 The smiths shall waken at early morn 
 Each to his task in the old dull way, 
 
 To tread a measure of priestly corn. 
 
 And the smith shall live on the coarsest fare 
 
 With little that he may call his own. 
 While the idler is free from work or care; 
 
 For the best of all must go to the drone. 
 And the smith complains of the anvil's song. 
 
 Complains of the years he has wrought and pined, 
 For priests and rulers are swift to wrong 
 
 And the mills of God are slow to grind. 
 
 But a clear, strong voice from over the sea 
 Is piercing the murk of the moral night! 
 
 Time is, time was; and time shall be 
 
 That John O' the Smithy will have his right. 
 
 17 
 
258 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTS'. 
 
 And ttey who have worn the mitre and crown, 
 Who have pressed him sore in body and soul, 
 
 Shall perish from earth when the grist is ground 
 And the mighty miller has claimed his toll. 
 
 His best poems have been 'collected and published in a handsome volume by 
 Forest and Stream, so that they will not perish, but form a part of the permanent 
 literature of Tioga county — a literature that will last as long as the beetling crags 
 and dashing rivulets of his adopted county. 
 
 While this chapter is termed the "Literature of Tioga," much in the line of his- 
 tory, both civil and military, has been written at later dates, which is not regarded 
 as belonging to this department. 
 
 CHAPTER XYII. 
 
 WELLSBOKO. 
 
 Desceiptive— The Original Town Plot— Additional Lots Surveyed— Promi- 
 nent Pioneers— JosiAH Emery's Reminiscences — Postoffice and Post- 
 masters — John Scheffee, the Young Mail Carrier — His Route Through 
 THE Wilderness— Postoffice Statistics— Old-Time Taverns and Land- 
 lords-Modern Hotels. 
 
 WELLSBOEO, the county seat of Tioga county, is situated about two miles south 
 and west of the geographical center of the county. Within its limits Charleston 
 creek, Morris run and Kelsey run — all flowing toward the north — unite to form 
 Marsh creek. The converging of these hill-inclosed creek valleys affords an excellent 
 site of great natural beauty for a good-sized city. The rapid fall of the streams and 
 the undulating character of the ground, insuring free drainage, combined with the 
 altitude, which is 1,319 feet above tide water, make it a healthful as well as beautiful 
 place of residence. Its location near the geographical center of the county — at the 
 crossing of the east and west and the north and south State roads — and its proximity 
 to the main line of the Fall Brook railroad, a branch of which passes through it, 
 render it accessible to the people of the various townships, and give those who live 
 within its limits every reason to beUeve it will more than keep pace with the country 
 about it, in all that goes to make up a permanent and enduring prosperity. It is the 
 business and trading center of a number of the most prosperous agricultural town- 
 ships of the county, and its mercantile and manufacturing enterprises are in the 
 hands of energetic, wide-awake and intelligent business men, who, aside from the 
 conduct of their own personal affairs, are neglecting no opportunity to keep it well 
 
WELLSBOEO. 259 
 
 up in the procession of progress, and make it worthy of good repute as a well-gov- 
 erned, orderly and forward-marching borough. 
 
 THE OKIGINAL TOWN PLOT. 
 
 The land originally set apart as a site for a "county town" by Benjamin Wistar 
 Morris embraced 150 acres, a full description of which may be found on pages 1, 3, 3 
 and 4 of Deed Book No. 1, in the of&ce of the register and recorder. By a deed dated 
 July 14, 1806, and recorded September 6, 1806, Benjamin Wistar Morris and his 
 wife, Mary Wells Morris, conveyed to John Fleming, William Hill Wells and William 
 Ellis, the trustees appointed by law to locate the county seat of Tioga county, "one 
 full and equal moiety," or seventy-five acres of this tract. This conveyance included 
 all of the tract lying northwest of Walnut street and southwest of a line drawn 
 through the center of Central avenue, and took in the squares occupied by the county 
 buildings and the park. The remainder of the tract, lying northwest of Walnut 
 street and southeast of a line drawn through the center of Central avenue, was re- 
 tained by Mr. Morris. 
 
 Before this conveyance was made a town plot had been surveyed, embracing 
 forty-five and three-fourths acres with usual allowances, etc. This plot, which was 
 six blocks long by three wide, extended from northeast to southwest, the line being 
 north, forty-five degrees east, and was bounded on its northeastern side by Queen 
 street; on its southeastern side by Walnut street; on its southwestern side by King 
 street, and on its northwestern side by Water street. Main street, the principal street 
 running from northeast to southwest, is 100 feet wide, as is also Central avenue, the 
 principal cross street. All the other streets are fifty feet wide. The plot shows eighty 
 lots, the full-sized ones being 60x250 feet. A map of this survey was filed for record 
 May 5, 1808. 
 
 Morris, it will be remembered, said in the advertisement, quoted in a preceding 
 chapter, that the town was "laid out upon the same plan as the City of Philadel- 
 phia." The two acres which he set aside for the public buildings and like amounts 
 for the square, or "green," are in the center of the plot, and around the latter he 
 expected the business houses and churches would cluster. But his dream was never 
 fully realized. The county buildings face the western side of the "green," law offices 
 are on the north, and churches and dwellings on the east and south. His idea was 
 based on the English plan for founding rural towns. 
 
 ADDITIONAL LOTS SUEVBYED. 
 
 It will be observed that of the seventy-five acres conveyed by Benjamin Wistar 
 Morris and wife to the trustees named in the deed, but a little more than twenty 
 acres were included in the original town plot. The remaining portion, embracing 
 some fifty odd acres, lay, for the most part, southwest of King street, and it is pre- 
 sumed was soon afterward sub-divided into out lots and offered for sale. 
 
 Upon the election of the first board of county commissioners and their entrance 
 upon their official duties in October, 1808, the trustees selected to locate the county 
 seat turned over to them the charge of the sale of these lots. After the opening of 
 the first court in Wellsboro, in 1813, and the completion of the organization of the 
 county in all its departments, there appears to have been an advance in price of lots. 
 
260 HISTOEX OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 since we find in the proceedings of the commissioners^ under date of July 9, 1814, the 
 following: 
 
 Eesolved, That town lots ninety-five feet in front by 250 feet deep be sold at 
 eighteen dollars per lot. The acre lots, which coatain one and two acres, to be sold at 
 ten dollars per acre. Said lots to be cleared in one year from date of deed. Purchase 
 money to be paid on delivery of deed. 
 
 PBOMINENT PIONEBES. 
 
 Benjamin Wistar Morris, the founder of Wellsboro, and the first settler upon 
 its site, came into Tioga county from Philadelphia, about 1799, as the representatiye 
 and trustee of the Pine Creek Land Company, and also as the contractor for opening 
 the north and south State road, from Newberry, Lycoming county, by way of Little 
 Pine creek, through Tioga county to the ISI ew York State line. He soon afterward re- 
 moved his family hither and took up his residence in a log cabin erected on the site 
 of the present home of W. D. Van Horn in 1800. Soon after this William Hill Wells 
 and Gideon Wells, brothers of Mrs. Morris, located two and one-half miles southwest 
 of the village site, and, so far as known, were the first settlers within the boundaries 
 of what is now Delmar township. 
 
 Before Mr. Morris laid out the town of Wellsboro, in 1806, and offered its lots for 
 sale, a saw-mill and a grist-mill had been erected on Marsh creek, just below the 
 present borough limits, by Samuel W. Fisher, a resident of Philadelphia. It is pre- 
 sumed that these enterprises were, at the outset, owned by the land company, and that 
 they were in the charge of Mr. Morris, the company's representative here, who al- 
 luded to them in his advertisement in the Lycoming Gazette, November 13, 1806, 
 setting forth the advantages of the new "county town." 
 
 It is difficult, at this late day, to give the names of the early settlers upon the 
 site of Wellsboro in the order of their coming. The assessment list of 1813, the best 
 authority at hand, shows that the following-named persons were taxed either as resi- 
 dents or owners of lots in that year: Abisha Baker, Alpheus Cheney, then sheriff 
 of the county; Joseph Fish, who soon after established a tan-yard, which developed 
 into a paying and important enterprise, and who was also an early tavern keeper; 
 William Hill, who planned the first office building for the commissioners a.nd pro- 
 thonotary; Titus Ives, a county commissioner; David Lindsey, at whose home the 
 meetings of the commissioners were held as early as June 23, 1809; Aaron Niles, 
 who settled near the Charleston township line, in 1810, east of the old, but within 
 the present borough limits; Benjamin Wistar Morris, Samuel W. Morris, the first 
 postmaster, and a county commissioner; John Norris, prothonotary and register and 
 recorder, and Henry Sligh, or Sly, the first "village blacksmith." 
 
 Mordecai M. Jackson came with his parents to this part of the county in 1804, 
 being then about twenty years of age. His parents becoming discouraged returned 
 to Philadelphia. He, however, remained, and some years later became the owner of 
 the old Samuel W. Fisher mills, in which he had been employed. William Bache, 
 Sr., who had visited the village in 1811, removed here from Philadelphia in 1812, 
 with his young wife. His son, William, was born here October 26, 1812, and is now 
 one of the oldest living persons born in the county, and the oldest bom within the 
 borough limits. It is said that Harvey, a son of Henry Sly, the blacksmith, was the 
 
WELLSBOEO. 261 
 
 first child bom in the village. He first opened his eyes in a rude log house which 
 stood on the site of the Wellsboro Hotel. Daniel Kelsey, who settled in 1807, was 
 then living within the present borough limits. The resident "single .freemen" were 
 David Henry and David Greenleaf. 
 
 At this time, so far as either record or tradition informs us, the only things in- 
 dicating a purpose to build a town were a few scattered cabins, the old Quaker Meet- 
 ing House, the postoffice, kept at Mr. Morris' home, and Henry Sly's blacksmith 
 shop, if he then had one. 
 
 The opening of the courts in Jamiary, 1813, infused new life into the struggling 
 village. Alpheus Cheney and Israel Greenleaf were granted tavern licenses and 
 work was begun on the court house and jail and an office building for the com- 
 missioners and the prothonotary. A store, the first one in the place, was started 
 soon afterward by William Bache, Sr., in a log building on the site of the present 
 Presbyterian church. About the same time Mr. Morris, so it is said, kept a small 
 stock of goods in his home. These were the pioneer mercantile enterprises. 
 
 Among those who settled in the village between 1812 and 1816, whose names 
 appear on the assessment -list of the latter year, were Charles Daniels and Ezekiel L. 
 Jones, blacksmiths. Daniels died a few years later and his widow removed to Tioga. 
 Jones remained and worked at his trade until about 1843, after which he appears 
 to have lived retired. Peter Faulkner, a physician, was here in 1816. In that year 
 Alanson Thompson was granted a tavern license, which was renewed annually up 
 to 1833. A license was also granted to Joseph Fish and renewed to 1818. A^out 
 
 1816, also. Dr. Jeremiah Brown settled in the village and became the first physician 
 to locate permanently. He remained until 1830, when he removed to Shippen 
 township. Ebenezer and Lorentes Jackson were also here in 1816. The latter was 
 afterwards a surveyor and land agent. William Patton, the first lawyer to locate 
 in the village, came soon after the opening of the first courts. 
 
 Upon the assessment list of 1818 appears the name of Solomon Daniels, "laborer 
 and fiddler." In this year Samuel W. Morris appears as "shopkeeper." He was 
 also operating a saw-mill and a grist-mill near the site of Stokesdale Junction, 
 then known as "The Marsh." John Beecher, who was licensed September 15, 
 
 1817, was keeping the old "Cheney Tavern," his license being renewed annually until 
 1831. He was also an early merchant, and transacted business in a store building 
 on the east corner of Morris and Main streets. In 1818, also, Eoswell B. Alford was 
 operating a saw-mill on Charleston creek, near the present railroad station. 
 
 Among the newcomers appearing on the list for 1819 were Royal Cole, a veteran 
 of the Revolution and War of 1813, afterward a well-known and prominent citizen, 
 who died July 4, 1849, in his ninetieth year; Daniel Parker; Joseph Reynolds, shoe- 
 maker; Elijah Stiles, shoemaker, and two years later sheriff; James Kimball, car- 
 penter, and for nearly forty years an "innkeeper;" Chauncey Alford, an early distiller 
 and grist-mill owner; Uriah Spencer, who was elected prothonotary in 1818, and 
 Benjamin Tome. 
 
 William Covenhoven, "tanner;" Ebenezer Hill, John Isenhouer, "iaylor;" 
 Frederick Leete, physician, and Benjamin B. Smith, who founded the Phoenix in 
 1837, were all here in 1830, as was Amos Coolidge, who afterwards settled in 
 "Coolidge Hollow," Delmar township. John B. Murphey, physician, located in the 
 
262 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 village about this time. He practiced his profession and kept tavern for a number 
 of years. 
 
 In 1822 William Baehe, St., and Chauneey Alford were both operating distil- 
 leries. Mr. Bache's distillery was located on Kelsey run, back of the court house. 
 He eajried it on about ten years. Alford continued about five years. Luther K. 
 Hildreth, shoemaker, was also here in 1822, as was Capt. Lyman Adams, who kept 
 tavern until 1837, and Ellis Lewis and Lloyd Wells, attorneys. 
 
 The name of Eichard Hughes, "shopkeeper," appears in 1823. William Bache 
 says he was a peddler. The names of John Lawson, "wheelwright;" James Lock, 
 "watchmaker," and Cooley Newcomb also appear. The name of Eichard Gates, 
 blacksmith, appears in 1825. In December of this year Ellis Lewis and his nephew, 
 Eankin Lewis, a printer, started the Tioga Pioneer, the first newspaper published 
 in the county. It was removed to Tioga in 1827. In 1825 the name of Francis 
 Wetherbee, "house Joiner," also appears; as does that of Jonathan Webster, who 
 established a fulling mill on Charleston creek, near the railroad station. In 1838 
 he added a carding machine, and carried on the enterprise until his death about 1844. 
 Wetherbee succeeded Seth Daggett as sheriff in 1831, and finally removed to Min- 
 nesota when that state began to attract settlers. 
 
 William Garretson, attorney; James Lowrey and M. T. Leavenworth, students- 
 at-law; 0. T. Bundy, physician; Benjamin Shipman and Charles Nash, early teachers 
 in the Academy, and Israel Merrick, Jr., whose father settled in Delmar township 
 in ]S805, were all here in 1826. Stephen Bliss, blacksmith, was here in 1828, and also 
 John E. Donaldson, "printer," and afterwards prothonotary for upwards of thirty 
 years. In this year Josiah Emery became a teacher in the Academy. The names of 
 Edward Price and James JCllsworth, carpenters, and Justus Goodwin, attorney at law, 
 appear on the assessment list for 1828, and that of Henry H. Wells, attorney, in 1829, 
 in which year Archibald Mchols came from Chenango county, New York, and with 
 his son, Levi I. Nichols, who had preceded him the year before, opened a general 
 store on the east comer of Main and Grafton streets. 
 
 The foregoing is a comparatively complete list of the names of the settlers 
 within the limits of Wellsboro previous to its incorporation as a borough. A fuller 
 mention is made of many of them, as well as of others not heretofore referred to, in 
 "Josiah Emery's Eeminiscences," which follow. Of those early settlers a number af- 
 terward became distinguished in their several callings and were active in directing 
 the affairs of the State and Nation. 
 
 JOSIAH emery's reminiscences. 
 
 In 1879 a series of articles, entitled "Early Impressions of Wellsboro," appeared 
 in the Agitator. They were written by the late Josiah Emery, and give a vivid 
 picture of Wellsboro as it appeared to him in 1828, when he came here, fresh from 
 college, to teach in the Academy. These reminiscent articles, from the pen of one 
 for many years a resident of Wellsboro, possess a high historical value and are worthy 
 of permanent preservation in these pages. Mr. Emery says: 
 
 "It was a dreary, cloudy day, with a heavy fog hanging over the marsh, in April 
 —I think the 23d— when, just at dark, I called at the tavern standing where the 
 Coles House now stands, and kept by Dr. John B. Murphey, the father of Mrs. L. P. 
 
WELL8B0B0. 263 
 
 Williston, and put up for the night. Sad, weary and financially not very flush, the 
 impression on my mind of the small village, as it then was, was not the most favor- 
 able; and the approach to it up Crooked creek had prepared my mind to dislike it. 
 A small gathering of "Charleston friends," as they were then called, paying their 
 daily visit to the tavern, tended somewhat to disturb the gloom of silence that might 
 otherwise have hung over the place; and before I went to bed that night I was pre- 
 pared to believe that Wellsboro was at least a very stirring little town. 
 
 "An early walk next morning revealed a very pleasant little village, a snug 
 little nook surrounded on all sides by romantic hills covered then mostly by forests, 
 but, as they appeared to me, full of beauty, and from their summits presenting 
 as fine landscape views as I have ever seen. A few years ago Dr. Saynisch, of 
 Blossburg, who was a native of, and familiar with, Switzerland and her romantic 
 landscapes, remarked to me that the landscape views around Wellsboro were ex- 
 ceeded by none in his native country. He particularly admired the view from 
 Wetmore hill, where just before sunset the scenery is most beautiful, and the 
 reflection from the stream that runs along the valley into Wellsboro makes it appear 
 like a silver thread winding deviously through the green of field and pasture. 
 
 "At that time we had on the site of the present court house, a court house and 
 jail built of squared logs; and log houses then were quite an institution. Judge 
 Morris lived in a log house on the side hill above the High School building, and a two- 
 story block or hewed log house occupied the spot where John IST. Bache now lives, and 
 it was occupied by the father of the Wellsboro Baches. There for a long time were 
 held the courts after the judicial organization of the county, and there was kept 
 the postoffice till after the election of Polk, in 1845, when, not being a good Demo- 
 crat, Mr. Bache [he was postmaster for more than twenty-three years] was super- 
 seded by a carpet bagger. 
 
 "Where the Presbyterian church now stands was a log house occupied by Mrs. 
 Lindsey and family, and a log church, sixteen by twelve, stood back of where Mr. 
 Sherwood's office now stands, built by Mr. Benjamin W. Morris, the father of 
 Judge Morris, for Quaker meetings. A part of Mr. Converse's house was in existence 
 before my time, and was built of logs, which are now covered with siding. There 
 was another near the building now ocupied by M. M. Sears as a restaurant. This 
 was occupied by John Beecher, then, or near then, the treasurer of the county. There 
 was also a log house near the site of E. J. Brown's, called the Hoover house, built 
 and then lived in by Mr. Hoover, the father-in-law of William Eberenz, and the 
 grandfather of Mrs. E. J. Brown. I think those were all the log houses within the 
 bounds of the village. 
 
 "Beginning at the upper end of Main street, there was the house of Captain 
 Greenleaf, near the site of Mr. Osgood's, and his shop near where Mrs. Nichols' house 
 stands. This has been moved, rafted over, and is the house between Mrs. Nichols' 
 and the creek. The house now occupied by H. W. Dartt was built by Lorentes 
 Jackson on the Chester Eobinson lot, and afterwards moved to where it now stands. 
 On the corner where Dr. Shearer now lives Ezekiel Jones had a house and, blacksmith 
 shop, and on the corner across the street from his place was a small house in which 
 lived Colonel Field, the father of Prescott Field. On the opposite side of Main 
 street lived Ebenezer Jackson on the corner; further up 'Uncle Eben,' and near 
 
264 HISTOEY 0¥ TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 where William Harrison lives was the house of "hias.' The two last were colored 
 families, and 'Uncle Eben' and his wife, 'Aunt Hetty/ were especially respected 
 by everybody. [They were slaves of William Hill Wells and were given their free- 
 dom when he left the county]. Everybody in Wellsboro knows their daughter, 
 Betty Murry, who is no older now than when I came to Wellsboro, more than fifty- 
 one years ago. Wear Dr. Packer's office was another house. I don't remember 
 its occupants then. On the opposite side of the street, where Judge Williams lives, 
 was a small story-and-a-half house occupied by Colonel Hill, the father of Garwood 
 HiU. 
 
 "Fear the site of the old bank was a high-roofed house in which Alpheus Cheney, 
 the first sheriff of Tioga county, for some time kept a tavern. What became of him 
 I do not now remember. The nest frame house on the northwest side of Main 
 street was the Kimball tavern, a house of very respectable dimensions for the 
 place and times. Below that was a two-story house near Harden's, now standing 
 back on Water street. Opposite this house, on the southeast side of the street, was 
 the 'Yellow Tavern,' kept, I believe, at that time, by Eoswell Alford. This was 
 the property bid off at sheriff's sale by Judge Lewis for a mere nominal price, and 
 the decision in an ejectment for which first settled the law that a sale on a judgment 
 which was a lien on the property discharged all mortgages whatever on the same 
 property. It was a surprise to all the lawyers of the State, and was the cause of the 
 present mortgage law being enacted. 
 
 "There was a small shoemaker shop on the next corner, owned by a man whose 
 remains lie buried ta Eoss Park, Williamsport. [Now occupied by the City Hall], 
 Going on down to near where Will Herrington's store is, was a small two-story 
 house with stairs to go 'up chamber' on the outside slanting down on the sidewalk. 
 This was occupied by Francis Hill, whose wife was a sister of Mary and Sally Lindsey, 
 and a very clever fellow he was, too. The next building on that side was on the 
 comer where C. C. Mathers' store stands, and was a long, rough-looking building, in 
 which a man named James Borst had a kind of store. Opposite, on the northwest 
 side of the street, was the Bliss house, painted red. Opposite that, where the Cone 
 House [now Coles] stands, was the Murphey tavern. And opposite that was a two- 
 story house built by Dr. Brown, a most excellent physician. This was also sold out 
 at sheriff's sale, and bid off by Judge Lewis. Dr. Brown was the father of -Mrs. 
 Colonel Huling, of Williamsport. The next on the street was B. B. Smith's, on 
 the northwest side, which I see is torn down, and around the old cellar are piles 
 of stone which would indicate that somebody is going to build. Then came the 
 Taylor house and tannery in the forks of the road, but now demolished, and next 
 the Fellows house. 
 
 "Up what is now called Central avenue was the house now owned by Mr. Eey- 
 nolds. A house, burned down, where Jerome B. Mies' house now stands, and there 
 was a house above it long occupied by Mr. Donaldson, but now, I see, demolished. 
 This house was occupied by Dr. Bundy, and in the cellar was a dissecting room 
 where two or three persons learned a good deal of anthropological science. As the 
 house is torn down now, the secret may be told, for no one will be sleeping there to 
 .see ideal ghosts, as they certainly would have seen them if they had known that 
 cellar had been used for such a purpose. There was also a house further up the 
 
WELLSBORO. 265 
 
 avenue, which was moved across the road and turned into a barn, and its place oc- 
 cupied by a house since built by William Eoberts! 
 
 "Over the creek, near Mass BuUard's, was a stone distillery in which William 
 Bache made pure whiskey, which did not kill on sight like the present article. In my 
 travels over the village I have left out mention of a small two-story house on the 
 corner of M. M. Converse's lot, in which then lived Ellis Lewis. The house now 
 stands up in the German settlement. There was also passed over the public of&ce 
 near the old bank, supplanted by the brick office. This building was sold at auction 
 forty-three years ago — bid off for $100, moved across the Green, lived in by the 
 writer [Josiah Einery] till October, 1871, and is now owned by the Bingham estate. 
 I have also omitted Fish's tannery, near where the foundry now stands. 
 
 "The Academy at that time was unfinished in the upper story, the two lower 
 rooms only being used for the school. I may have passed over some of the houses 
 then standing, but have mentioned all I can call to mind. The reader will con- 
 clude that we were a small settlement; and Jamilies that ranked as high in culture 
 and refinement as any in the present day did not disdain to hve in log houses. They 
 suited themselves to their circumstances without murmuring. 
 
 "When I came there Mr. WUliam Bache was postmaster, and the office was kept 
 in his dwelling, the tall log house situated where John N. Bache's house now stands. 
 Mr. Bache was an Englishman, brother-in-law of Lant Carpenter, whose wife was 
 Mr. Bache's sister. Carpenter was a celebrated Unitarian preacher, a friend and 
 companion of Dr. Priestley, and father of the celebrated Carpenter family in Eng- 
 land, Miss Mary Carpenter, the philanthropist, and William B. Carpenter, one of 
 England's most distinguished scientists, as well as his brothers, Philip and Eussell 
 Carpenter, both scientific men. 
 
 "Mr. Bache was a man of strong common sense, well read, and a man of more than 
 ordinary ability. He always preserved the character of a Christian, and though 
 manufacturing whiskey for others, he drank but little himself, and was never but 
 once known (at least to the writer) to be in the least intoxicated. On the 4th of 
 July, 1828, we, the patriotic citizens of Wellsboro and the surrounding country, 
 celebrated. In the cool shade of the wide spreading elms on the flat, above Dickin- 
 son's pond, seats were improvised, a stage erected, a president, several vice-presi- 
 dents and secretaries were chosen, and a great multitude gathered to listen to the 
 orator and pass judgment on the speaking qualities of the new teacher of the 
 Academy. Then, when the speaking was done and duly applauded, a procession was 
 formed, and we all marched up to Colonel Kimball's to a gay dinner and to whiskey, 
 rum, gin and brandy for the men and the Colonel's best wine for the women. And 
 thus we dined and drank and listened to music till the sun began to sink low in the 
 west and some heads lower. Mr. Bache was one of the most jolly of the crowd. 
 
 "A sober company sat at Mr. Bache's breakfast table next morning, of whom 
 I was one, being a boarder. After the preUminary grace had been said Mr. Bache 
 very solemnly remarked that he believed he was slightly 'out of the wa^ at the 
 celebration, and he hoped the family and especially the young boarder, who also 
 needed forgiveness, would forgive the little mishap; and he was sure the Lord 
 would, as He knew very well it was the Fourth of July ! 
 
 "Mr. Bache had a scientific and inquiring turn of mind, was a great lover of 
 
266 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 nature, and liad a quick and appreciative sense of the ludicrous. The lapse of more 
 than half a century has not blotted out the memory of the pleasant six months I 
 spent in that family, and especially the remembrance of the many good qualities of 
 its female head. As one who knew Mr. Bache well, 1 can bear testimony to his in- 
 tegrity and purity of mind. 
 
 "Samuel W. Morris and family were considered at that time, or considered them- 
 selves, or were, at the head of the aristocracy — though it would seem that in a village 
 of two hundred and fifty inhabitants, many of whom lived in log houses and all 
 comparatively in the woods, such an article as aristocracy was an entirely unneces- 
 sary ingredient of society. I hardly know how to describe the "aristocracy of so 
 small a village, or tell upon what it was founded, unless upon culture and avoid- 
 ance of amusements such as are found in such places. Judge Morris, Mr. Norris and 
 Mr. Bache were educated men. The first was educated at Princeton, the last two in 
 England. I do not know that any of these families made any assumption of aris- 
 tocracy. The people assumed it for them. There was, however, a kind of quiet 
 distinction between the Yankee element which largely predominated, and the down 
 country element with a large English ingredient in it. 
 
 "The Yankees claimed to be the practical element, and preserved among 
 themselves a kind of brotherhood, a 'hail-fellow-well-met' spirit, shook hands 
 heartily, and each one considered himself equal to and no worse than his neighbor. 
 Those who had got into their heads that those down country people were aristocratic 
 accused them of being a little too exclusive, of reaching out two fingers for a Yankee 
 to shake, and of thinking each himself as good and a little better than his neighbor, 
 especially if the neighbor happened to be a Yankee. There was no general outward 
 expression of such a feeling, but an observant person could see it occasionally. 
 
 "The Morris family were of EngHsh descent, were originally Quakers, and the 
 father of Judge Morris, Benjamin Wistar Morris, held the position of leader among 
 the Quakers, and sometimes preached when the spirit moved him. 
 
 "I have spoken thus fax of these two families in a general way. They were 
 totally different in most things. In one point, however, they resembled each other; 
 that was in the education and bringing up of their families of children. They both 
 acted on the precept of which Solomon has the credit: 'Train up a child in the way 
 he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.' In each family the 
 general rule was 'spend your evenings at home.' The children were not taught, 
 as many children are nowadays, that amusement and fun are the chief objects of 
 life. They learned, too, by precept and example, that profanity was vulgar, and that 
 vulgarity was the mark of a low character. Most of the children of these two fami- 
 lies were my pupils while I was in charge of the Wellsboro Academy. William E. 
 Morris became an able civil engineer, and B. W. Morris the present Protestant Epis- 
 copal Bishop of Oregon and Washington. The children of the other family have 
 done no dishonor to the system adopted by their parents. 
 
 "Another family I remember most distinctly was that of Benjamin B. Smith. 
 He was one of the notables when I came into the county; was, I think, the only 
 justice within the bounds of the village, was editor and publisher of the Phoenix, a 
 man of infinite mirth and fun, and full of reminiscences of funny happenings when 
 he and Amos Coolidge, enterprising Yankees, as they were, peddled dry goods and 
 
WELLSBOEO. 267 
 
 notions in their younger days. Mr. Smith was like a great many other men I could 
 name. He had in his character a popular and an unpopular element. No one 
 claimed that he was unjust in his dealings or unfair in his decisions; and yet his 
 ways were not such as to endear him to the masses. He was a man of rather more 
 than ordinary talent, active and persevering; was a Wellsboro man in contradistinc- 
 tion from a Willardsburg man, and consequently had enemies in such men as Uriah 
 Spencer and WilUam Willard, who were active advocates of the removal of the 
 county seat to Willardsburg, now Tioga borough, and in those days, as now, it was 
 not always safe to rely implicitly on what one enemy said of another. 
 
 "Mr. Smith came into the village near or before 1820. He was the first 
 teacher in the "Wellsboro Academy. His school was not classical. Mr. Lowrey, a 
 graduate of Yale, was the first classical teacher regularly employed by the trustees. 
 There must have been a good deal of fun in school keeping at that early time, 
 for Mr. Smith had an inexhaustible fund of very amusing school-keeping anecdotes. 
 His system of managing his children was the very reverse of the system of the other 
 two families mentioned above. His motto was, 'let 'em run; they will come out all 
 right in the end.' Well, most of his did 'run,' and most of them came out right in 
 the end; but the one that didn't run came out ahead. The exception of Mr. Smith's 
 family does not lessen the value of the precept, 'guard well the ways of your 
 children.' 
 
 "In calling up to memory the old personages that lived in Wellsboro, in 1838, 
 one could hardly fail to remember 'Old Mr. Eoyal Cole' and his worthy companion, 
 'Old Mrs. Cole,' and that would bring to mind the old frame building, the Cole house, 
 situated just below Walter Sherwood's. It was, however, torn down many years ago 
 to make room for a better building. Mr. and Mrs. Cole were the parents of Mrs. 
 Erastus Fellows, who seemed to have inherited her mother's longevity as well as her 
 quiet and amiable propensities. Lewis Cole, a lawyer of Potter county, was also 
 their son, and the Wetmore boys their grandchildren. 
 
 "Ebenezer Jackson was an old man when I came to Wellsboro, and lived in a 
 small frame house diagonally across from Dr. Shearer's. He had a peculiar and 
 emphatic way of saying 'Which?' when he did not understand what was said to him, 
 while he was crier of the court, which office he held for many years. He was a great 
 ore hunter, and was always talking of the wonderful resources hidden in the hills of 
 Tioga county, and was firm in the belief that it would sometime be one of the richest 
 counties in the State. He believed largely in coal; and though not given the credit 
 of the original discovery of coal at Blossburg, he claimed to be the first suggester of 
 its presence in the county. He always contended that there were large bodies of 
 that mineral in that part of Delmar now called Duncan and Antrim. * * * 
 Ebenezer Jackson was the grandfather of Mary Emily Jackson, who was a pupil of 
 mine in 1828-39, and who early displayed a good deal of practical genius. Many of 
 her poems were published in a Philadelphia literary paper, and one published by 
 George P. Morris in his magazine he pronounced equal to any written by Mrs. 
 Hemans, who was then the female poet of the day. 
 
 "Israel Greenleaf was also another well known citizen of Wellsboro. He lived 
 in a frame house on th'e same side of the street below what was known as the Hoover 
 log house. He was a wagonmaker, and had a large manufactory near where Mrs. 
 
268 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Nichols lived. This was afterwards removed from its former site and transformed 
 into a double dwelling house. He was a native of Connecticut, where he was born 
 in 1765. He came to Tioga county at an early day and purchased a large tract of land 
 in Charleston township, under a Connecticut title. It extended from the east line 
 of Delmar and embraced the whole or part of the Alden Thompson neighborhood. But 
 when the Connecticut titles were declared invalid the captain woke up one morning 
 to find himself a poor man instead of a large land holder. He served in the Revolu- 
 tionary War. Captain Greenleaf died June 1, 1847, aged eighty-two years, and was 
 buried in the old graveyard on the hill, where his tombstone may yet be seen sur- 
 rounded by trees and brambles. His wife, Sarah, preceded him to the grave, dying 
 March 8, 1840, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 "Amos Coolidge, reference to whom has been made, built the house that for- 
 merly stood on the site of the Bennett house, and owned and cleared up what has 
 since been called the Nichols hill and farm. He was elected one of the trustees of 
 the Academy in 1838, and was the active member of the building committee who 
 finished up the upper story of the building. He was the father of a large family, 
 viz: Charles, Amos, Jr., Kilburn, William, Wesley, George, Mrs. E. M. Bodine and 
 Mrs. Metzgar, of Potter county. Mr. Coolidge was in his younger days and in his 
 middle age, an active, enterprising, hard-working man, and did much to advance th,e 
 material interests of the town. In the bringing up of his family he was ably seconded 
 by his wife, who was a most invaluable woman, and to whom the family owe a debt 
 of gratitude, the magnitude of which they will never fully understand, and can never 
 fully repay except by training their children as she trained hers. One must have 
 lived in the times now passed away to comprehend the full worth of a discreetly 
 pious and truly good woman. Mr. Coolidge died May 16, 1851, aged sixty-nine 
 years, seven months and twelve days, and was buried in the old graveyard on Academy 
 Hill, where, in a thicket of brambles, his marble headstone still stands. It is re- 
 gretted that the record of his amiable and Christian wife is not at hand. 
 
 "I have mentioned a number of the matrons of Wellsboro who aided materially 
 in moulding the sentiment of the young and in making society better; there are 
 others of equal piety and domestic virtue entitled to mention in this connection. The 
 first woman on my list was my first female acquaintance in Pennsylvania. She was 
 my landlady. The first six months of my residence in Wellsboro I was a boarder at 
 Mr. Bache's, and I had an opportunity to know intimately the internal machinery 
 and management of the family. In the method of training up a family of children 
 the father and mother were a unit. She was a quiet, motherly and good woman, 
 never to my knowledge fretting or scolding, and everything moved on like clockwork.' 
 Her religion was of the quiet kind, never strongly emotional or demonstrative, but 
 "manifest in good works and in a well ordered walk and conversation. She has long 
 since passed away to the better land. Her children are fathers and mothers, grand- 
 fathers and grandmothers, of whom those who know them must judge. 
 
 "Mrs. Bliss, who was a sister of Eoswell Bailey, was not, when I first knew her, 
 a religious woman — at least not a member of any church — ^though she afterwards 
 became a Methodist. In bringing up her family she labored under many untoward 
 circumstances. Her husband was an easy, unenergetic man, but well meaning and 
 honest, and was anxious that his children should come up right. On Mrs. Bliss, 
 
WELLSBOEO. 269 
 
 however, devolved the main burden of their home education. They were brought 
 up right under very pleasant home influences and were a united family. The eldest 
 daughter became the wife of Eanldn Lewis and she possessed the same kindness of 
 heart that characterized her excellent mother. 
 
 ''Mrs. Samuel Wells Morris was the daughter of William Ellis, a Quaker, who 
 lived and died near Muncy. She was the mother of a large family of boys and girls, 
 and was originally, with the rest of the family, of the Quaker faith, but when the 
 Episcopal church was established in Wellsboro the family became active supporters 
 of that church. Mrs. Morris was more than an ordinary woman; was well edacated, 
 and was in all her ways and by her natural or inherited instincts a lady. She was 
 called somewhat aristocratic in her general carriage and associations; but that arose 
 more from the consciousness that her duties were at home, and that she ought not 
 to permit her social instincts to interfere with the higher duties she owed to her 
 family. And yet she was a woman who could command respect in any society 
 she might grace by her presence, and was, when in the society for which she was 
 fitted, a very social and pleasant woman. In one position she eminently excelled, 
 and that position was that of a domestic educator of children. 
 
 "While Judge Morris was a valuable member of society, and did much for Wells- 
 boro, to his wife he owed much of his leisure for outside operations, in the relief she 
 afEorded him from the drudgery of looking after domestic afEairs. She was said to 
 be a very benevolent woman, ready at all times to relieve distress. I do not place her 
 above most others I have named; but she had the means, and with the disposition to 
 act, she probably did more in the line of charitable work than many whose disposition 
 to relieve distress was equal to hers. 
 
 "Of Mrs. Erastus Fellows I must confess I knew comparatively little; and yet 
 I cannot give any reason for this lack of knowledge. We lived upwards of forty-three 
 years in the same village, and I met her in her home often, and yet I never fully com- 
 prehended her. She was the widow of Moses Johnson when she married Mr. Fellows, 
 and was then the mother of a son and a daughter. She was married to Mr. Fellows 
 previous to 1838, and had always lived in Wellsboro, most of the time as landlady of 
 the Fellows tavern, which was always a temperance house. I knew her principally as 
 the mother of two famihes of children. In her method of bringing them up she 
 compared favorably with any in my list. She was a woman of good sound sense, with 
 a mind predisposed to inquiry, and a good member of society. Her children were no 
 disparagement to her character as a mother and as a domestic educator. 
 
 "Mrs. Mordecai M. Jackson was a Quaker and had all the characteristics of a 
 Quaker lady. She was the only person in Wellsboro that I recollect was clothed in 
 the Quaker garb. With her it was not a boastful display of her Quakerism, but a 
 mere conformation to Quaker custom. To her it was as much a habit to wear drab 
 as it was to be good — to be clothed in Quaker dress as to be clothed in righteousness. 
 She was a very exemplary woman. She was not, however, of that impracticable class 
 who, when she saw that circumstances made a change in church relations an advan- 
 tage to her children, would refuse to yield to the pressure for change. I cannot say 
 that she became a member of the Episcopal church, but think she did. Her family 
 and herself at all events were attendants and active supporters of that church. I have 
 
270 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 no doubt, however, that had the Quaker element not died out in Wellsboro, she would 
 have been a Quaker until the day of her death. 
 
 "She was very much devoted to her children, and believed that the office of 
 mother was the highest one a woman could hold, and that it was her duty to educate 
 her children, in addition to their secular education, in the principles of strict Chris- 
 tian moraUty. In this she was seconded by her very excellent husband. They had 
 two sons and two daughters. 
 
 "Mrs. John Beeeher, who lived to be nearly ninety-five years old, was in many 
 respects a remarkable woman. She was a resident of Wellsboro when I came there 
 in 1838, but removed to Williamsport in 1838. She was not a religious woman while 
 she lived in Tioga county, but some years after settling in Williamsport she joined 
 the Methodist church. She was a representative woman, as a woman accounted in a 
 new county. On Beecher's island [in the Cowanesque], when a farmer's wife, in 
 Wellsboro, when the wife of a tavern keeper, when the wife of a merchant or an office- 
 holder, a railroad contractor or a member of the legislature — ^f or Mr. Beeeher was very 
 versatile in his pursuits — she was eminently 'a helpmeet' for her husband. Always 
 active, managing, energetic and economical, she was ever ready to second him 
 without question, in whatever line of business he engaged. Matters went on all right 
 whether he was at home or abroad. As a landlady she was a bountiful caterer for 
 her guests, and as a manager of the internal affairs of the house few excelled her. 
 In her younger days she was fond of amusement, in middle age her taste that way 
 had not decreased, and in her very old age her eyes brightened up whenever she 
 talked of 'the good old times.' She was the mother of three sons and two 
 daughters." 
 
 POSTOFFICE AND POSTMASTERS. 
 
 The Wellsboro postoffice was established January 1, 1808, and Samuel Wells 
 Morris was the first postmaster. The mail at that time was carried weekly, on horse- 
 back, over the State road from Williamsport. A pair of saddlebags were sufficient to 
 contain all the matter, with room to spare. Newspapers were few in those days, the 
 Lycoming Gazette being the only paper printed within a radius of a hundred miles; 
 and as postage was high, few letters were written. No envelopes were in use then; 
 letters were written on foolscap and made as long as possible, covering all the avail- 
 able space, leaving only room enough for the address, when the sheet was folded and 
 sealed with red wax or a wafer. A stamp or signet of some kind was used to press 
 the paper into the wax or wafer, which left an impression and gave the enclosure an 
 official appearance. The amount of postage was written, usually, on the upper 
 right hand corner of the letter, and the price was governed by the distance carried. 
 And it was collected at the end of the route from the party to whom it was ad- 
 dressed. The name of the first mail carrier has not come down to us, but in those 
 days the duty was generally performed by a bright, active, venturesome boy. The 
 route from Williamsport laid through a gloomy wilderness nearly all the way. The 
 log cabins of settlers were few. Panthers and wolves roamed the forest and their 
 howls frequently caused the mail boy to spur up his horse and dash swiftly through 
 the gloom. 
 
 One of the early mail carriers was John ShefEer, Jr., bom in Williamsport, 
 February 8, 1803. When thirteen years of age he carried the mail from Williamsport 
 
WBLLSBOEO. 271 
 
 to Painted Post on horseback, a distance of seventy-nine miles, by the way of the 
 State and Williamson roads. The former started at ISTewberry and passed through 
 Wellsboro. It required nerve in those days to make this journey, and when the 
 youth of the rider is considered it is still more remarkable. 
 
 The parents of this plucky mail boy were early settlers at Liberty, or the Block 
 House, as it was then known, locating there in February, 1814. It is probable 
 that he either went by this route on going out, or on returning, as he could make 
 a complete circuit by doing so. The Williamson road passed through Block 
 House, Blossburg, Covington and Tioga. The first post office in the county was 
 established at the last mentioned place January 1, 1805. At Wellsboro he could 
 leave the State road and proceed to Covington by the East and West pike, as it was 
 calledj or vice versa. It is highly probable, therefore, that he made the round trip in 
 this way. It is fortunate that something of the history of this early mail boy has 
 been preserved. A sketch of his life will be found in another chapter. 
 
 Postmaster Morris did not require much of an outfit to transact the business 
 of his office. A small desk was sufficient, and often he could carry all the matter 
 he received by a single mail in his hat. During the year 1808 the statistical re- 
 ports show that the gross receipts were $27.06, and his compensation was $8.33. 
 But he served the government faithfully for four years, retiring December 31, 1813. 
 Since that time the succession has been as follows: Benjamin Wistar Morris, 
 appointed January 1, 1813; William Bache, April 10, 1833; James P. Magill, July 
 34, 1845; Josiah Emery, September 6, 1845; George Dwight Smith, May 18, 1849; 
 Alexander S. Brewster, April 36, 1853; Ira D. Eichards, December 18, 1855; Alex- 
 ander S. Brewster, July 20, 1860; Hugh Young, March 8, 1861; Morgan Hart, 
 August 39, 1866; Joseph L. Williams, January 18, 1869; George W. Merrick, 
 January 37, 1869; Susan E. Hart, June 14, 1882; Louis Doumaux, August 10, 
 1886; James L. White, February 1, 1891; Frederick K. Wright, February 1, 1895, 
 present incumbent. 
 
 'Squire Brewster is the only postmaster thus fax to hold the office twice; and 
 Mr. Bache held it for the longest period — twenty-three years, three months and 
 fourteen days. The term of Joseph L. Williams was the shortest — nine days. 
 That was during the exciting period when President Johnson was in conflict with 
 Congress, and postmasters were appointed by his excellency and quickly refused 
 confirmation by the Senate. 
 
 Eighty-eight years have passed since the first office was opened. And during 
 that time the most wonderful advances have been made both in postal facilities and 
 the amount of mail matter received and forwarded. In the beginning a weekly 
 mail sufficed; now it comes several times a day. The following tabular statement, 
 showing the gross receipts, and the compensation of the postmaster, by decades 
 since 1810, will afford food for reflection: 
 
 Year. Gross Beceipts. Compensation. 
 
 1808, $ 27.06, $ 8.23 
 
 1810, 
 1820, 
 1830, 
 1840, 
 
 31.62, 10.11 
 
 81.52, 26.76 
 
 188.55, .... 60.52 
 
 525.75, 190.86 
 
272 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Year. Gross Receipts. ' Compensation. 
 
 1850, 848.42, 354.59 
 
 1860, 1,017.59, 506.67 
 
 1870 2,014.14, 945.00 
 
 1880 3,938.11, 1,450.00 
 
 1890, 5,368.08, 1,700.00 
 
 At the close of the tenth decade the receipts will probably exceed $7,000, and 
 the salary of the postmaster will be nearly $1,900. In 1805 there was but one post 
 office in the county, and in 1808 there were two. Now there are eighty-eight. What 
 an increase in ninety years ! 
 
 OLD TIME TAVERNS AND LANDLORDS. 
 
 It is probable tliat X. Miller, an old soldier who served under Napoleon at Mos- 
 cow, was the first tavern keeper in and about Wellsboro. At first his house stood 
 outside of the original limits of the town, but the extension a few years ago took it 
 in. When he commenced, or how long he was engaged in the business, is not now 
 remembered. The second tavern keeper is supposed to have been Israel Green- 
 leaf, the old Eevolutionary soldier. But the location of his tavern cannot, with 
 certainty, be pointed out at this day. It very likely stood in the vicinity of the 
 public buildings. 
 
 Alpheus Cheney, the first sheriff and third county treasurer, doubtless came 
 next with a better house. It stood on the site of the old Robinson store and bank. 
 At the August term of court, 1813, Greenleaf and Cheney were both granted 
 licenses, for which they paid a fee of $1.15 each. Cheney sold out aiter the expi- 
 ration of his term as sheriff, in 1815, and soon removed from the county. Israel 
 Greenleaf died June 1, 1847, aged eighty-two years, consequently he must have 
 been about fifty years of age when he opened his tavern. 
 
 Eecords in the prothonotary's office show that Alanson Thompson was granted- 
 a license for Wellsboro at May term, 1816, and that he was granted a license annually 
 up to 1823. Joseph Fish was granted license at September term, 1816, and again 
 in 1818, when his name disappears. 
 
 John Beecher received license September 15, 1817, and it was renewed each 
 year up to 1821. His house was known as the "Cheney Tavern." Beecher was 
 born in Massachusetts in 1784, came to Tioga county with his parents and settled 
 at Beecher's Island, now Nelson borough, where he lived until he came to Wells- 
 boro. He became a prominent man in the community; was county treasurer in 
 1820, sheriff in 1824, and a member of the legislature in 1829-30. His vote in 
 that body was the only one cast against the resolution expressing confidence in the 
 United States Bank. Mr. Beecher afterwards kept a tavern in what was known as 
 the McClintock property, which stood on the site of the Cone House. 
 
 James Kimball, who became famous as a landlord of the olden time, was first 
 granted a license at May term, 1819, and was continuously in the business until 
 1856, or perhaps later. He commenced business in a house which stood on the site 
 of the Wilcox House. He sold out to Charles Seeley. This tavern was owned in 
 the early fifties by B. S. Sayre. Then C. L. Wilcox became the owner. In 1859 
 the property was purchased by William Robinson, D. H. Smith and B. B. Hoffiday, 
 and was kept as a hotel for ten years. In 1859 it was leased to Sol. Bunnell, who 
 
0H^}y>~/3aj@^Lp 
 
WELLSBOEO. 273 
 
 kept it till the spring of 1873. Then Mr. HoUiday took possession and refurnished 
 the house throughout, but in the fall of 1873 it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 When James Kimball sold his house to Charles Seeley, he moved across the 
 street to what is now known as the Sherwood corner and built a new tavern, which 
 he named the Pennsylvania House. There he had, as a writer puts it, "the best 
 well of water in town and the best liquor!" It was a popular place with the public 
 for many years. After the retirement of Kimball it was kept by different parties, 
 among whom may be mentioned L. D. Taylor. Early in 1873 B. B. HoUiday pur- 
 chased the property, and on the 22d of February, of that year, it was destroyed by 
 fire. It was never rebuilt. The site was cut up into lots, sold at assignee's sale, 
 and the present row of law of&ees was built on it. 
 
 Capt. Lyman Adams, who had served as the first coroner of the county, came 
 to "Wellsboro in 1833 and kept a tavern until 1837, when he returned to Tioga and 
 there died. 
 
 Dr. John B. Murphey was granted tavern license May 19, 1838, and kept a 
 public house, which stood on the site of the present Coles House. How long he kept 
 the house is unknown, but it could not have been very long, as he died a few years 
 afterwards. 
 
 Erastus Fellows, born in Canaan, Connecticut, in 1800, came to Wellsboro in 
 1837 and purchased 160 acres of land in the northern part of the town. About 
 1831 he opened the Fellows House, which was principally kept by him until his re- 
 tirement in 1870. It was a popular place in his day. The house is still kept and 
 is known as the Farmers' Hotel. Mr. Fellows died ISTovember 31, 1883. His 
 widow, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Cole, born in Otsego county, ISTew York, 
 August 35, 1795, died June 7, 1889, in the ninety-fifth year of her age. 
 
 The old-time tavern was a place of good cheer and social enjoyment. Whiskey 
 in those days cost three cents a drink, or five for a shilling; twelve for twenty-five 
 cents, and a long credit for three cents net, when marked down. The method of 
 charging was a straight mark for a drink, and a tally mark for five, with the cred- 
 itor's name at the top of a page. This method was adopted as a necessity, as it 
 would sometimes have required two or three clerks to make the charges in the reg- 
 ular way. 
 
 MODEEN HOTELS. 
 
 About thirty-five years ago David Hart erected a two-story frame hotel build- 
 ing on the north corner of Main and Queen streets. He kept it as a temperance 
 house, his sign of a crystal fountain being a familiar land-mark for many years. 
 This house burned in 1866, having had several landlords. The Dr. Otis L. Gibson 
 dwelling house was then moved on the site and transformed into a hotel, with 
 Minor Watkins as the landlord. His successor was William B. YanHorn, who in 
 turn was succeeded by Sol. Bunnell. The latter remodeled the building and 
 raised it three stories. In 1876 James S. Coles became proprietor. A year later 
 his brother, W. K. Coles, joined him as partner, continuing until 1883. In February, 
 1885, the house was destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt. 
 
 Prior to his death in 1853, Hobart Graves kept the United States House, 
 which occupied the site of the present Coles House. After Mr. Graves' death A. 
 
 18 
 
274 HISTORY OP TIOGiL COUNTY. 
 
 P. Cone purchased the property. During his ownership the landlords were P. P. 
 Cleaver, Eeuben Farr, Nelson Austin and D. G. Bitter. The house was burned in 
 1866 or 1867, and the lot remained vacant until 1869, when Mr. Cone began the 
 erection of the largest and most substantial hotel building in Tioga county. It 
 was opened in 1870 as the Cone House, the first landlord being A. B. Graves. About 
 1873 B. B. HoUiday purchased the property, which within a year or two passed into 
 the possession of Joel Parkhurst, and the name of the hotel changed to the Park- 
 hurst House. •» From 1875 to 1883 Thomas Vesey was the landlord. He was fol- 
 lowed by Charles Hussey and by C. C. McClellan, each remaiuing about a year. 
 In February, 1885, the Bunnell House was destroyed by fire, J. S. Coles being the 
 landlord at the time. He immediately leased the Parkhurst House, changed its 
 name to the Coles House, and ran it until November, 1893, when his brother, W. E. 
 Coles, succeeded him as landlord and lessee of the property, which he purchased in 
 July, 1896. The house has since been greatly improved and thoroughly renovated. 
 It is well equipped and has a large patronage. 
 
 Charles Sandbach is proprietor of the house bearing his name. He was bom 
 in Prussia, emigrated to this country in 1850, and after living in various places 
 finally settled at Germania, Potter county, and opened a public house, which he con- 
 ducted for a short time. He removed to Wellsboro in May, 1881, and purchased 
 the Baldwin House, formerly the O'Connor. After thoroughly refitting and refur- 
 nishing it he gave it his own name, and has conducted it up to the present time. 
 
 The Wellsboro House, near the railroad station, is owned by Hon. Stephen F. 
 Wilson. It was built in 1872 by Joseph EiberoUe, and was first known as the 
 Eiberolle House. 
 
 The Wilcox House was erected about 1875 by J. C. Wheeler and C. L. Willcox 
 as a business block, and was occupied by a store for a few years. It was then re- 
 modeled and changed to a hotel, and has since had a number of landlords. The 
 property is now owned by C. L. Willcox. The present landlord, Frank S. Dunkle, 
 has conducted the hotel since November 1, 1892, and has enjoyed a prosperous 
 business. 
 
CHAPTEE XYIII. 
 
 WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 
 
 Village Schools— The Old Academy— Its Ingorpoeation— Its Eaely and 
 Later History— The Building Now Used as a Church— Common School 
 System Adopted— First Public School Building— Later Buildings and 
 Teachers— Willow Hall School. 
 
 AMONG the pioneer settlers of Wellsboro were a number of men who had received 
 the benefits of what was then termed a "liberal education," and, as might be 
 expected, they took an active interest in the early establishment of good schools, in 
 order to insure to their children, as far as conditions and environment made it possi- 
 ble, advantages similar to those they themselves had enjoyed in their youth. 
 
 Soon after Benjamin Wistar Morris built the Quaker Meeting House, classes were, 
 taught there, it being the only building in the village suitable for that purpose. In 
 this rude and unpretentious structure the splendid educational system of Wellsboro 
 had its beginning. A few years later came the movement which led to the establish- 
 ment of the Academy and the employment as teachers of graduates of the best 
 classical colleges in the land. This spirit, which manifested itself so early in the 
 history of Wellsboro, has known neither waning nor relaxation, but, on the contrary, 
 has grown broader and stronger with the passing years. It is true that the Academy 
 has passed out of existence, being superceded by the common schools of the borough, 
 after having nobly fulfilled its mission; but the pleasant memories which cling 
 round its history are enduring as the rock-ribbed hills and are handed down by 
 ancestor to descendant as priceless legacies. 
 
 Among the early teachers in the Quaker Meeting House were Lydia Cole, 
 Chauncey Alford and Benjamin B. Smith. The school was supported by subscrip- 
 tion and the compensation of the teachers exceedingly moderate. The county, in 
 compliance with a law then in force, paid for the instruction of poor children, the 
 names of whom were required to be returned by the assessors. 
 
 THE OLD ACADEMY. 
 
 One of the early institutions of Wellsboro, around which still cling pleasant 
 memories, was the old Academy, which was chartered by the legislature March 35, 
 1817. The act provided for a grant of $2,000 "to be paid, by warrant drawn by the 
 governor on the state treasurer, to the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy, or a 
 majority of them," and that this amount "shall be placed in some productive fund or 
 funds, the increase whereof shall be applied in aid of the resources to compensate a 
 teacher or teachers in said Academy, but the money hereby granted shall not be paid 
 until the trustees certify to the governor that the sum of $1,000 shall have been 
 
276 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 secured to be paid by private subscription for erecting a suitable building and for the 
 benefit of the said institution." It was also provided that, "there shall be admitted 
 into said Academy any number of poor children, not exceeding five, who may at 
 any time offer, to be taught gratis, but none of said children shall continue to be 
 taught longer than two years." 
 
 The trustees named in the act were: Samuel W.. Morris, Alpheus Cheney, John 
 Norris and William Bache, of Wellsboro; Justus Dartt and Nathan Mies, Jr., of 
 Charleston; William D. Bacon, Eobert Tubbs, Eddy Howland, Joseph McCormick 
 and John Knox, on the Cowanesque; Uriah Spencer, Asa Mann, Daniel Lamb and 
 Ambrose Millard, on the Tioga; James Gray and Nathan Eowley, of Sullivan, and 
 Isaac Baker. 
 
 The first meeting of the trustees was held at the prothonotary's office in Wells- 
 boro, Monday, May 5, 1817. Daniel Lamb was elected temporary chairman and John 
 Norris secretary, and rules adopted for the government of the board. A permanent 
 organization was effected by the election of Samuel W. Morris, president; John 
 Norris, secretary, and Benjamin W. Morris, treasurer, each to hold his office for one 
 year. The meetings were first fixed for Monday evening of each court week, but were 
 afterwards changed to Tuesday. 
 
 At the meeting held July 3 and 4, 1817, the site of the Academy was fixed, and a 
 committee appointed to contract with Mr. Morris for the lot. It was decided to 
 erect a brick building, and a commitee was appointed to contract for the brick and 
 lumber — ^the cost of the former not to exceed $5.00 per 1,000. A committee consist- 
 ing of William Bache, Sr., Uriah Spencer and Samuel W. Morris was also appointed to 
 prepare a plan for the building and make an estimate of its probable cost. A building 
 committee, consisting of Justus Dartt, William Bache and John Norris, was also 
 appointed. 
 
 At a meeting held Tuesday, September 16, 1817, the sum of $300 was appro- 
 priated for the purchase of brick and lumber, and a resolution adopted that a certifi- 
 cate be prepared to be presented to the governor for the purpose of obtaining the 
 state appropriation, the requisite amount having been subscribed. The following 
 resolutions were also adopted: 
 
 1. That the money when obtained shall be divided into four parts and loaned for 
 five years upon unexceptional landed security, clear of every encumbrance; $500 in 
 Delmar, $500 in Deerfield and Elkland and $1,000 in old Tioga township. 
 
 3. That those persons to whom the money shall be loaned subscribe two per cent, 
 annually on the sum loaned, and that they pay all expenses attending the security, 
 recording the mortgage, etc. 
 
 3. That the sum of $500 each be loaned to John Eyon, Jr., John Gray, James Ford 
 and Samuel W. Morris upon the conditions before named, and that the treasurer be 
 directed to pay over said money when obtained, and that he require good freehold 
 security to at least double the sum loaned. 
 
 A special meeting was held January 19 and 30, 1818, at which it was resolved 
 "that if James Gray, Sr., gives a mortgage on a certain piece of land, now held by 
 John Gray, the said John first conveying his right to said James, and a judgment 
 bond, it shall be sufficient security for $500 loaned to him by the trustees of the 
 Wellsboro Academy." 
 
 James Ford having declined the loan allotted of $500 to him, Uriah Spencer 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 277 
 
 applied for it, ofEering as security the Joseph Martin warrant. This was declined by 
 a vote of the board, when, in addition, he offered the John Barron, Jr., warrant, for 
 which he had a tax title, and it was "Eesolved, That the tracts be accepted as sufficient 
 security from Uriah Spencer, provided, also, that James Eord becomes bound with 
 Mr. Spencer in a judgment bond for $500, to be loaned to said Spencer," Mr. Ford, 
 however, declined to sign the bond. 
 
 At the meeting held February 17, 1818, Mr. Spencer again applied to the trustees 
 for the loan of $500 on the security of the two warrants mentioned above; but Judge 
 Morris, the president, notified the board that he would not give an order on the 
 treasurer for the money, as he believed the security offered to be worthless, and the 
 matter was dropped. 
 
 At the election held April 16, 1818, the following members of the old board 
 were re-elected: Justus Dartt, Nathan Niles, Jr., John Korris, Samuel W. Morris 
 and Eobert Tubbs. The new trustees were Eoswell Bailey, Daniel Kelsey, Jeremiah 
 Brown, Caleb Austin, Oliver Willard, David Henry, "William Patton, Bbenezer Jack- 
 son, Ira Kilburn, Ebenezer Seelye, Arnold Hunter, Allen Butler and Eichard Ellis. 
 Uriah Spencer was among those not re-elected. The result was considered a vindica- 
 tion of Judge Morris for the firm stand he took against loaning the money on the 
 doubtful security; though it would seem that other considerations might have 
 effected the result, as at the meeting of the new board. May 4, 1818, Daniel Kelsey 
 was elected president; John Norris, vice-president; Dr. Jeremiah Brown, secretary, 
 and Nathan Mies, Jr., treasurer. 
 
 It may be mentioned as a historical fact that ever after the failure of Mr. 
 Spencer to secure the loan, he was an implacable and bitter foe of Wellsboro, and more 
 especially of Judge Morris, and his hatred of the town only terminated with his death. 
 
 At the meeting of May 4, 1818, the following preamble and resolutions were 
 adopted: 
 
 Whereas, James Ford aad Uriah Spencer have failed in giving- requisite security for 
 the loan of $500, therefore 
 
 Eesolved, That the said money is novy open to applicants from the north part of old 
 Tioga tovynship. 
 
 Eesolved, That the sum of $500 be loaned to Ira Kilburn upon his giving unexcep- 
 tionable landed security to the satisfaction of the president and secretary. 
 
 A new building committee, consisting of David Henry, Dr. Jeremiah Brown 
 and Justus Dartt, was appointed and instructed to report at the next meeting a plan 
 and estimate of the cost of a suitable Academy building. At the meeing of May 19, 
 1818, this committee reported as follows: 
 
 Your committee, etc., have deliberately taken into consideration the subject referred 
 to them, and beg leave to report that it is our opinion, provided we erect the building 
 of wood, forty-eight by twenty-two, making two large rooms below and a hall eignx 
 feet wide, one large room above and two small ones, all the necessary material and the 
 work laid out for building the Academy would amount to $1,500. 
 
 The report was approved. The idea of erecting a brick building was abandoned, 
 and the Academy was constructed in accordance with the plan recommended. At a 
 meeting held June 15, the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 That Samuel W. Morris, Justus Dartt and David Henry be appointed a committee 
 with full power and authority to erect a building agreeably to a plan approved by the 
 
278 HISTORY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 board; that they or a majority of them be authorized to contract for materials for the 
 Academy, engage workmen to do all necessary work, clear off the lot proposed for the 
 site, and that they glye certificates or orders on the treasurer in favor of those they may 
 contract with, which orders, when countersigned by the president and secretary, shall 
 be paid by the treasurer. 
 
 At the same meeting John JSTorris, Samuel W. Morris and Dr. Jeremiah Brown 
 were appointed a committee "to draft a set of by-laws for the government of the 
 institution." At an adjourned meeting held September 38, a resolution was adopted, 
 "that the Academy be erected this (1818) faU." 
 
 At the next regular meeting, held December 19, the following resolution was 
 adopted: 
 
 That the treasurer be authorized to receive from the subscribers to the Academy 
 three-fourths in county orders and one-fourth in money, provided the same be paid 
 before the next (February) court. 
 
 County orders were then the principal circulation of the county, and were at a 
 heavy discount, being taken, however, at par for taxes and debts due the county, and 
 sometimes for commodities, their price being marked up to meet the exigency. 
 
 The next annual election was held April 5, 1319, when the following eighteen 
 trustees were elected: Eddy Howland, Ebenezer Seelye and John Knox, of the 
 Cowanesque; Justus Dartt, Eoswell Bailey, Oliver "Willard, Nathan Mies, Jr., and 
 David Henry, of Charleston; Daniel Kelsey, Samuel W. Morris, John ISTorris, William 
 Patton, David Lindsey, William Bache, Ebenezer Jackson and Dr. Jeremiah Brown, 
 of Wellsboro; Ira Kilbum, of Lawrenceville, and Eiehard Ellis, of Pine Creek. 
 
 Experience had shown that a board of eighteen trustees was altogether too 
 cumbersome and inconvenient, and the legislature was asked to reduce the number 
 to nine, which was done by act of March 27, 1819, to take effect after that year's 
 election. 
 
 At a meeting of the board held May 3, 1819, Justus Dartt was elected president; 
 John Norris, vice-president; Nathan Niles, Jr., treasurer, and David Lindsey, secre- 
 tary. At an adjourned meeting held on the 15th of the same month the following 
 was adopted: 
 
 Eesolved, That the treasurer be directed to call on the subscribers for their respec- 
 tive subscriptions, and that suits be commenced against all who shall not have paid on 
 or before the first day of July next; that the treasurer be instructed to pay over all 
 money that is in his hands, that has been collected from the subscribers of the Wellsboro 
 Academy, to Samuel W. Morris, Esq., for the purpose of purchasing nails for said 
 Academy. 
 
 The cost of nails was then twenty-five cents per pound in Wellsboro, as shown 
 by bills found among the accounts of the oldAcademy. When subscriptions began 
 for the $1,000 necessary to be subscribed before the $2,000 could be paid over by the 
 State, many men became responsible for sums they were hardly able to pay, and many 
 suits were brought and judgments obtained, which, under the then existing law, 
 must be paid or the defendant imprisoned, or a resort be had to the insolvent court. 
 
 Under the law reducing the number of trustees to nine, at the election held 
 April 3, 1820, John Norris, William Bache, David Lindsey, Dr. Jeremiah Brown, 
 William Patton, Nathan Niles, Jr., Oliver Willard, Israel Greenleaf and Samuel W. 
 Morris were elected trustees; and at the meeting May 1, following, William Bache 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 279 
 
 was elected president; William Patton, vice-president; Samuel W. Morris, treasurer, 
 and John Norris, secretary. At this meeting a third committee was appointed to fix 
 Tip the by-laws; the treasurer was urged to collect forthwith, taking county orders 
 at par, and the building committee instructed to complete the Academy as soon as 
 possible, having due regard to the state of the funds. 
 
 At a meeting held December 1, 1820, John Norris, William Bache and David 
 Lindsey were appointed a committee "to engage a suitable person as teacher for one 
 quarter; to make such a contract as they may deem conducive to the interest of the 
 institution, and that they have a general superintendence over the conduct of the 
 teacher and scholars, and axe particularly desired to visit the school at least once in 
 two weeks." 
 
 At this meeting also the stated meetings were reduced to annual meetings to be 
 held the first Monday in May of each year. The bail of the treasurer was fixed at 
 $5,000, and it was provided that no person should be entitled to vote at an election 
 for trustees, unless he had paid the sum of $5 in aid of the funds of the institution. 
 
 The first person employed to teach in the Academy was Benjamin B. Smith, who 
 came into Wellsboro about 1819. At this time only one room in the Academy had 
 been completed so that it could be used. In some reminiscences of the first teacher, 
 which have been preserved, it is related that he used to tell many anecdotes about his 
 teaching in the Academy, for he seemed never to have been engaged in any kind of 
 business without finding a vast amount of fun in it. 
 
 At the election held April 2, 1831, Oliver Wilson, Eoswell Bailey, John Beecher, 
 William Patton, William Bache, Sr., Samuel W. Morris, John Knox, B. B. Smith 
 and David Henxy were elected trustees; and at the organization of the board in May, 
 Mr. Bache was chosen president; Mr. Patton, vice-president; Mr. Morris, treasurer; 
 Mr. Smith, secretary, and Messrs. Willard, Henry and Beecher, building committee. 
 
 The building progressed slowly owing to the difficulty of raising money, and the 
 trustees had to resort to various expedients to pay for labor and material. On Sep- 
 tember 3, 1831, the following were adopted: 
 
 1. Eesolved, unanimoiisly, That the building' committee be directed to proceed as 
 expeditiously as possible in completing the Aeadem.y, and that the sum of $300 be placed 
 at their disposal. 
 
 3. That the treasurer be instructed to proceed immediately against all delinquent 
 subscribers in the collection of all arrearages of subscriptions that, in his discretion, 
 together with the advice of the president and secretary, shall be collectable. 
 
 3. That the president and secretary be authorized and instructed to obtain by loan, 
 at six per cent, interest, such sum or sums, in treasury orders, as shall be necessary 
 to make up the residue of the $300 mentioned in the first resolution, after what may 
 be collected by the treasurer from subscriptions. 
 
 In the fall of 1821 a strong effort was made to induce the trustees to start a 
 common winter school in the finished room of the Academy, but without success. At 
 a meeting held October 26, called mainly to consider that question, the following was 
 adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this board it is not expedient to occupy the room 
 in the Academy this winter, and therefore the board refuse their assent to the same. 
 
 Mr. Patton then offered the following resolution: 
 
280 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 Resolved, That the trustees pay a salary to teach English, writing and arithmetic 
 in the Wellsboro Academy during the term of six months, and that the trustees apply 
 the money arising from scholars to the fund granted by the legislature. 
 
 This resolution was defeated, only three voting in its favor. There was at the 
 time a very strong feeling against employing any teacher except a college graduate. 
 It is inferred that the three trustees in favor of the resolution were Messrs. Patton, 
 Bailey and Henry, none of whom were re-elected the following year, the new mem- 
 bers for that year being William "Willard, Nathan Niles, Jr., Justus Dartt, Chauncey 
 Alford and John Noms. Norris was elected president; Mies, vice-president; Wil- 
 liam Bache, St., treasurer; Benjamin B. Smith, secretary, and ISTorris, Beecher and 
 Dartt, building committee. 
 
 The new board re-adopted the resolution concerning collections and a loan, and 
 appropriated $300 for use by the building committee. 
 
 In 1823 Samuel W. Morris was chosen president; John Beecher, vice president; 
 Cooley Ifewcomb, secretary; Benjamin B. Smith, treasurer, and Nathan Mies, Jr., 
 Amos Coolidge and Benjamin B. Smith, building committee. Ten per cent, of the 
 premiums on loans was appropriated toward the payment of the debts incurred in 
 building. The trustees again declined to permit the room in the Academy to be used 
 for "a common English school." 
 
 In 1824 Morris and Smith were re-elected president and treasurer and Elijah 
 Stiles secretary. On May 23 of that year the following was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That it is the opinion of this board that a school ought to be kept in the 
 Academy the ensuing season, and that a teacher competent to teach the Latin and 
 Greek tongues, and otherwise well qualified to teach in the Academy, be employed to 
 commence the ensuing fall; and that in pursuance thereof the president be authorized 
 and requested to issue proposals to that effect, and when received to lay them before 
 the board of trustees. 
 
 At the meeting held October 14, 1824, the president presented a letter from 
 Jeremiah Day, president of Yale College, recommending James Lowrey, a graduate 
 of said college, as a person qualified for teaching the various branches of academic 
 education. The following was then adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That Samuel W. Morris, Elijah Stiles and Chauncey Alford be a committee 
 to engage Mr. Lowrey to teach a school in the Academy for the terra of six months, 
 commencing the first day of November, with instructions to pay a sum that shall not 
 exceed $225 for said term, exclusive of board, washing, etc., and that if the trustees 
 are not satisfied with him as instructor, they shall have the right to dismiss him by 
 giving six weeks' notice; and if he at any time shall be desirous of leaving the school, 
 he shall be under similar obligations to give the trustees six weeks' notice of his inten- 
 tion. 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees, held October 19, the committee reported that they 
 had engaged Mr. Lowrey in conformity with the instructions. A committee was 
 appointed to put the Academy in order for the reception of pupils, to furnish fuel and 
 also procure board and washing for the instructor. The price of tuition per quarter 
 was also fixed; Greek and Latin, $4.00; English grammar and the higher branches 
 of mathematics, $3.00, and reading, writing and arithmetic, $2.00. 
 
 Mr. Lowrey entered upon the duties of his preceptorship Monday, November 1, 
 1824, a period of more than seven years having elapsed from the time the institution 
 was chartered until it was formally opened as a classical academy by a graduate of 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). £81 
 
 Yale. All through these years the trustees had been beset by difficulties and discour- 
 agements. The people were poor and it was hard for them to meet their obligations. 
 Tact and patience were necessary, and as a consequence the work progressed slowly. 
 When Mr. Lowrey took charge only the lower rooms of the building were finished, 
 so difficult was it to procure money to hire labor and pay for material. 
 
 To the honor of the men serving on the several boards of trustees, be it said, 
 they held the interests of the institution sacred, and jealously guarded the funds 
 entrusted to them. This is shown by their refusal, December 37, 1834, to exonerate 
 Mr. Beecher, bail of Cooley Newcomb, constable of Delmar, from his liability for 
 the amount of several executions in favor of the Academy, put into his hands and 
 collected, the money arising from which he had neglected to pay over before taldng 
 his departure from the county. 
 
 At the end of the six months which Mr. Lowrey had contracted to teach, he 
 retired from the Academy and commenced the study of law under Ellis Lewis. He 
 was an excellent teacher, popular with his pupils, and the patrons of the school 
 were loath to see him retire. 
 
 The successors of Mr. Lowrey as teachers were Eev. Benjamin Shipman and 
 Charles Fash. They commenced in May, 1835, were paid $300, for a year, out of 
 the funds and were allowed all the proceeds of tuition. 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees held March 4, 1836, Messrs. Shipman and Nash sub- 
 mitted the following proposals to teach the second year: 
 
 That the building be put in proper order for the accommodation of an extensive 
 school by the first day of June next; the term of a school quarter to consist of eleven 
 weeks; the sum of $200 to be secured .to them from the funds, to be paid in equal half- 
 yearly payments; children in the vicinity be requested to attend the Academy at the 
 expense of the county; all the contingent expenses of said school to be borne by its 
 proprietors; Mr. Nash to remain in the school for the first half of the year, at the end 
 of which the other will return if necessary or furnish other suitable assistant; to receive 
 two scholars whose tuition shall be free, provided their bills do not amount in the 
 aggregate to more than $400 per quarter. 
 
 To the above the following notice was appended: 
 
 If the above does not meet with your views, you are hereby notified that we shall 
 leave you at the close of the present year. 
 
 This proposition was rejected, though some thought that it would be better 
 for the school to accept it. It was impracticable so far as the tuition of pupils in 
 the vicinity was to be paid by the county. It was objectionable as taking the control 
 of the school out of the hands of the trustees, and the note appended was out of 
 taste, as seeming to contain a threat. 
 
 At a meeting, however, March 30, the president was authorized to employ Mr. 
 Nash on nearly the same terms as the last year, Mr. Nash to employ an assistant 
 if necessary, and the requisitions of the act of incorporation in regard to indigent 
 pupils to be complied with without further compensation; and in the event that Mr. 
 Nash would not accept the proposition, the president was directed to advertise in 
 the Pioneer for a teacher. The proposition, however, was accepted, and the con- 
 tract was made with Nash and Shipman jointly. A similar contract was made with 
 Mr. Nash, as principal, in March, 1837, it being stipulated, however, that "if he 
 
282 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 wished to leave at the end of the year he should give three months' notice, or be 
 imder obligations to continue another term." 
 
 On March 20, 1828, Mr. Nash and Mr. Shipman having given notice of their 
 intention to leave the institution at the end of the school year, the trustees adopted 
 the following: 
 
 Eesolved, That the Eev. Benjamin Shipman and Charles Nash have by their talents 
 and industry rendered our Academy respectable and flourishing; and that the president 
 be instructed to wait upon the gentlemen aforesaid with a copy of our resolution and 
 a tender of our thanks. 
 
 At the same meeting the president was directed to write to Yale, Union and 
 Dickinson Colleges in order to procure a teacher. 
 
 There appears to have been an organized opposition to Messrs. Nash and Ship- 
 man, and to Mr. Nash in particular, by some of the young men in Wellsboro and some 
 of the "Charleston friends," on account of an alleged interference with certain amuse- 
 ments of the young, but not at all connected with the Academy, for as teachers and 
 managers of the school no one found fault with them. It was in consequence of this 
 opposition that they determined to leave, and the foregoing resolution was deemed 
 but fair to them, as expressing the sentiments of the trustees and patrons of the 
 Academy. 
 
 In accordance with a resolution of the board of trustees adopted March 30, 
 1838, Judge Morris wrote to Dr. Nott, president of Union College, Schenectady, 
 New York, to send them a teacher. Dr. Nott selected Josiah Emery, a graduate of 
 Union College, who had previously passed through Dartmouth College, New Hamp- 
 shire, and proposed to him the propriety of accepting the offer. Judge Morris' 
 letter stated the average number of pupils during the past two years, the prices 
 of tuition for the different grades, and the amount, $300, out of the permanent 
 fund in addition to the full avails of tuition, which they were willing to pay. Dr. 
 Nott and Mr. Emery made a calculation of the probable amount a teacher would 
 realize, and they figured it out at from $1,800 to $1,500 a year ! They, however, 
 made their calculation on the basis of New York and New England academies, and 
 very much overestimated the proportion paying the higher rates of tuition, as subse- 
 quent experience proved. 
 
 Mr. Emery* accepted the situation and started for Pennsylvania as soon as he 
 could complete his arrangements. He arrived in Wellsboro on Wednesday evening, 
 April 33, 1838. The next morning he presented a letter from Dr. Nott to Judge 
 Morris recommending him as a competent and experienced teacher, and the Judge 
 at once called a meeting of the old and new boards. The following entry is found 
 among the records of the Academy: 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees at the house of James Kimball on Thursday evening, 
 April 24, called on account of the application of Mr. J. Emery as a teacher, the following 
 members present of the former and present boards: Samuel W. Morris, John Norris, 
 Daniel Kelsey, William Bache, Chauncey Alford and B. B. Smith, of the old board, and 
 of the new board, to wit: those elected on the 7th of April instant, were present, Daniel 
 Kelsey, C. Alford, Amos Coolidge, B. Gitchell and Francis Wetherbee. The question 
 arising which of the two boards was the legal one and ought to act in the application 
 
 • Mr. Emery, who was a very methodical man, wrote out a minute history of the Academy, and published it 
 in the Agitator many years ago, from which this sketch has been condensed. 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 283 
 
 aforesaid, on motion, the following resolution was unanimously adopted by the vote of 
 all the members present of both boards: 
 
 Kesolved, That Daniel Kelsey, Chauncey Alford and Amos Coolidge be authorized 
 to contract with Josiah Emery to take charge of the Academy for the term of one year 
 from the first Monday in May next, on the following terms, viz: to pay him $200 in 
 semi-annual payments out of the Academy fund in addition to the tuition bills; the 
 quarter to consist of twelve weeks, and in other particulars to be governed by the late 
 contract with Messrs. Shipman and Nash. 
 
 The contract was executed, and on Monday, May 5, the school was opened. 
 Prom the very commencement of his connection with the Academy Mr. Emery in- 
 eisted that the upper part of the building should be finished, and some time in June, 
 at his request, a meeting was called at which all the resident trustees were present; 
 a committee was appointed to raise funds for that purpose, and the membership to 
 entitle a person to vote for trustees was reduced from $5.00 to $3.50. The necessary 
 funds were raised, and the upper rooms were finished; thus, at the end of eleven 
 years, completing the Academy. 
 
 On February 12, 1830, Mr. Emery resigned, having in the meantime married 
 and entered his name as a law student in the office of James Lowrey. 
 
 Mr. Emery ever dwelt with pleasure upon his early days in the old Acadeniy, 
 and it was his delight to recall the names of his pupils and their success in life. In 
 his reminiscences of the Academy he thus refers to some of them: 
 
 I would like very much to give the names of all my pupils, or at least of those who 
 ■occupied prominent and influential positions afterward; but I find that my memory 
 is at fault, and I can recall only a very few names. All the older members of Judge 
 Morris' family, of Mr. Bache's, Mr. Beecher's, Mr. Jackson's, and, indeed, of all the 
 iamilies living in Wellsboro and vicinity, were members of the school, as well as pupils 
 Irom all parts of the county. William E. Morris became a practical and able engineer; 
 Benjamin W. Morris, who, I used to think, was not inclined to study, but who could 
 write a good composition, is now Episcopal bishop of Oregon and Washington; and a 
 sister of his wife, who, so far as talent was concerned, was at the head of the family, 
 used occasionally to deal in light literature and poetry, and is now one of the most 
 practical women of the country, but might have occupied an important niche in the 
 literary temple had she devoted her whole life and soul to literary pursuits. 
 
 But it is not always the most brilliant student in youth that becomes most useful 
 in after life: neither is it the man or woman who climbs up the ladder of fame or 
 notoriety that is generally the most useful. * * * i have seen many very brilliant, 
 precocious boys who excited high hopes for their future, and in their manhood I have 
 looked for them in vain among the talented and useful classes, and siicceeded at last 
 in finding them in some obscure and uninfluential positions. My experience and obser- 
 vation have taught me that the steady, industrious and conscientious boy makes the 
 practical and useful man of the world. And it is such men that the world most needs. 
 
 Mr. Emery was succeeded as principal of the Academy for a short time by a 
 gentleman named Upson. On January 10, 1831, Henry Barnard, a graduate of Yale 
 College, took charge at $500 per annum, with the addition of $21 for board per 
 quarter. ISTo student was permitted to enter the academic department unless able 
 to read in school books in common use. For those excluded, however, an usher was 
 provided who occupied one of the lower rooms. Mr. Barnard's engagement was 
 but for three months, at the end of which time the trustees offered him $150 and all 
 the avails of tuition for one year. He, however, declined the offer and left. He 
 was a first-class teacher and very much interested in educational matters, and, later 
 
284 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in life, was for a number of years at the head of the National Bureau of Education 
 at Washington, D. C. 
 
 On April 26, 1831, permission was granted by the board of trustees to a Mr. 
 Earnam to teach a common school in the two lower rooms of the Academy. On 
 October 24, of the same year, a contract was made with Almon Owen to take charge 
 of the Academy at $150 per annum and the avails of the tuition. He began teaching 
 October 31, 1831, and remained one year. 
 
 On October 13, 1832, the trustees authorized Henry N. Moore to occupy one of 
 the lower rooms of the Academy for a common English school. 
 
 About this time a change in the number of trustees and the duration of their 
 respective terms began to be discussed. The annual change, often of nearly the 
 whole board, was considered a great evil, as well as the shortness of the term of 
 service. It was finally decided to ask the legislature to reduce the number and 
 lengthen the term of service to five years; five trustees to be chosen the first year, 
 to be classified by lot so that their terms, respectively, should expire in one, two, 
 three, four and five years, and that thereafter only one trustee should be elected 
 annually to serve five years. The legislature, March 6, 1833, passed a law to that 
 effect, and in April Samuel W. Morris, E. G. White, Chauncey Alford, Benjamin B. 
 Smith and John P. Donaldson were elected. On casting lots Donaldson drew one 
 year; Smith, two; Alford, three; White, four, and Morris, five. Judge Morris was 
 chosen president; John P. Donaldson, secretary, and Israel Merrick, Jr., though not 
 a trustee, was continued as treasurer, having been elected in 1832. 
 
 In November, 1833, Alexander Wright was employed to teach for one year at 
 $150 and the avails of tuition. 
 
 From November 4, 1833, to April, 1835, there is no record of what was done, 
 though three blank pages were left in which to enter the record at "a more con- 
 venient season." To Mr. Donaldson, who was secretary, that more convenient 
 season never came. It is inferred, however, from after records that Mr. Wetherbee 
 was elected in April, 1834, to succeed Mr. Donaldson, who was re-elected in April, 
 1835, to succeed Mr. Smith. 
 
 D. McEwen appears to have been appointed principal of the Academy in the 
 fall of 1834 and to have taught two years, being released in September, 1836, at his 
 own request, a resolution of the trustees expressing regret at his departure, and 
 their approval of the "able manner" in which he "acquitted himself," and of "his 
 gentlemanly deportment as a citizen amongst us for the last two years." He seems 
 to have been in every respect a gentleman, an excellent scholar and an able teacher. 
 
 In April, 1836, Josiah Emery, the former principal, was elected a trustee to 
 succeed Mr. Alford. In 1837 James Kimball succeeded' E. G. White, in July of 
 which year Joshua Sweet was appointed principal, with a salary of $150 and the 
 avails of tuition, and the school was re-opened August 7, 1837. Mr. Sweet was very 
 popular, and at the end of his first year was re-employed at a salary of $300 in addi- 
 tion to the tuition bills. When the number of pupils exceeded forty-nine he was 
 to employ a competent assistant and receive $100 additional. The quarter was re- 
 duced to eleven weeks and the tuition to one-half the former rates. Mr. Sweet 
 afterward became an Episcopal clergyman; was a missionary at Fond du Lac, Wis- 
 consin, in 1852; Fort Eidgely in 1865, and at Glencoe, Minnesota, in 1869. 
 
WBLLSBOBO (OOKTINUED). 285 
 
 In 1838 Benjamin B. Smith was elected a trustee to succeed Judge Morris, then 
 serving in Congress. At a meeting of the trustees August 7, 1839, Messrs. Smith 
 and Kimball were authorized to employ some person or persons to repair the 
 Academy; to repaint the outside, and also to purchase a new bell. Mr. Pinkham 
 was employed as principal. He taught one year. 
 
 In 1840 Josiah Emery was elected president; Mr. Donaldson a trustee and 
 secretary, and Mr. Kimball treasurer. 
 
 There is a break in the record from July, 1840, to April 5, 1841, but it appears 
 that Henry Booth, a graduate of Yale College, succeeded Mr. Pinldiam as president. 
 The value of his services is attested by the following resolution, adopted by the 
 trustees April 5, 1841: 
 
 Eesolved, That the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy regret that the ill health of 
 Mr. Henry Booth compels him to leave the institution; that during the time he has been 
 with us he has by his gentlemanly deportment and ability as a teacher, deservedly se- 
 cured the esteem of all with whom he has associated. 
 
 This resolution was not simply an unmeaning compliment. Mr. Booth was 
 a man of very superior mind. He afterwards studied law; entered into practice 
 in Towanda; removed thence to Chicago; served as a circuit judge, and was for 
 many years dean of the faculty of the Union College of Law, of that city. He 
 married Ellen Morris, a daughter of Samuel W. Morris, making the third principal 
 of the Academy to find a wife in Wellsboro, James Lowrey having married another 
 daughter of Judge Morris and Josiah Emery a daughter of John Beecher. 
 
 July 13, 1841, Charles Miner was imanimously elected principal of the Academy 
 to succeed Mr. Booth, at a salary of $500, and continued principal either fifteen or 
 eighteen months. It was in the fall or winter of his second year that the Academy 
 took fire, and had it not been for the most strenuous efforts and plenty of snow, it 
 would have been entirely consumed. The damages were settled at $175, and paid 
 by the Tioga County Mutual Insurance Company. 
 
 May 4, 1842, the trustees authorized the employment of an assistant teacher 
 "for the present term," the salary to be $25. During the spring and summer of 1843 
 the Academy was undergoing repairs and was not occupied. In the fall of that year 
 Henry B. Eockwell was employed to teach six months at a salary of $350. His term, 
 which began October 33, was afterward extended to one year. 
 
 January 39, 1844, Stephen P. "Wilson was employed as an assistant in the 
 Academy for one term, "at the price and sum of $53, if employed the whole time; 
 but if not employed but one half of the time, then the price to be $10 per month." 
 
 At a trustees' meeting. May 17, 1844, on motion of Judge Morris, the president 
 was authorized to employ Miss Margaret Dennis as principal of the female depart- 
 ment, at $3.50 a week. Mr. Nash, then stationed at Towanda, was invited to take 
 charge of the Academy at the close of Mr. Sockwell's term, but declined. August 
 14, 1844, George E. Barker was employed as an assistant to Mr. Eockwell, at $17 per 
 month. At the close of Mr. Eockwell's year, the trustees adopted the following: 
 
 Eesolved, unanimously, Tliat the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy in parting with 
 Henry B. Rockwell, the principal of the institution for the past year, cannot do it without 
 tendering to him the expression of their kindest feelings for the singular ability with 
 which he has managed the school, for the high reputation it has obtained through his 
 instrumentality, and the universal satisfaction be has given to all with whom he has 
 
286 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 been connected. In whatever walks of life lie may hereafter be found, they most cheer- 
 fully wish him success, and commend him to the confidence of all with whom he may be 
 associated. 
 
 Resolved, That the above be entered on the records of the institution, and a copy 
 duly certified be handed to Mr. Kockwell. 
 
 Mr. Eockwell was an excellent teacher and a strict diseiplinaxian. He never 
 spoiled a child by sparing the rod. 
 
 At the election of trustees April 7, 1845, James P. Magill, editor of the Eagle, 
 and John C. Knox, afterward associate justice of the Supreme Court, and attorney 
 general of the State were candidates. There were forty-nine votes; but on counting 
 out the votes they found fifty-one — ^twenty-six for Magill and twenty-five for Knox, 
 and not knowing any other way of getting out of the difficulty the election board 
 returned Mr. Magill as elected. The following is taken from the minutes: 
 
 May 5, 1845, trustees met; present Morris, Kimball, Emery and Nichols. John C. 
 Knox and James P. Magill each appeared and presented their claims as trustees of the 
 Wellsboro Academy. 
 
 On motion, the returns of the election of trustees were read, by which it ap- 
 peared that J. P. Magill had twenty-six votes and John C. Knox twenty-five votes. 
 Mr. Knox presented a certificate from the judges, dated April 21, 1845, stating 
 as follows: 
 
 We, the under.?iifned, judges and clerk, certify that an election held at the house 
 of B. S. Sayre, in Wellsboro, Monday, the 7th of April, A. D. 1845, for a trustee of Wells- 
 boro AcadcTny, there were forty-nine legal votes given; that on counting the ballots it 
 appeared that James P. Magill had twenty-six and John C. Knox twenty-fivei — in all 
 fifty-one; and John C. Knox having produced to us satisfactory evidence that a majority 
 of the whole number of legal votes given were cast for him, as appears by the certificate 
 hereunto annexed, we therefore certify accordingly. 
 
 A. P. Cone, L. Cleaveland, 
 
 Clerk. Abel Steait, 
 
 Judges. 
 
 Then follows a certificate signed by twenty-five persons, certifying that they 
 voted for John C. Knox. The report then continues: 
 
 On motion. Resolved, That Samuel W. Morris and Josiah Emery be a committee to 
 investigate and report on the late Academy election. 
 
 The meeting adjourned to five o'clock p. m., when the following report waa 
 received from the committeee, Messrs. Morris and Emery: 
 
 The committee to whom was referred the late election of trustee report that they 
 have investigated the same as fully as the time allowed would permit, and find that the 
 said election was conducted without any regard to the requirements of the by-laws, and 
 is therefore void and of no efEect. They, therefore, recommend the adoption of the fol- 
 lowing resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That an election be held at the house of B. S. Sayre, in Wellsboro, on. 
 Saturday, the 17th instant, between the hours of 1 and 6 p. m., of which the secretary 
 is required to give general notice. 
 
 The election was held at the appointed time. Both the old candidates were 
 dropped and Joseph "W. Guernsey was elected, receiving all but one vote. 
 
 Emerson J. Hamilton succeeded Mr. Eockwell in the fall of 1844, and taught 
 
WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 287 
 
 till the spring of 18-19, nearly five years. Mr. Hamilton and his wife were decidedly 
 among the most successful teachers the Wellsboro Academy ever had. The school 
 under their principalship was more popular and flourishing than under any other 
 teachers. It is true they began under very favorable circumstances. Mr. Eockwell 
 had brought the school under very rigid discipline by his physical mode of govern- 
 ment, and had beaten into the pupils a sense of the beauty of good behavior, the 
 necessity of hard study, and a realization of the value of good recitations as a protec- 
 tion against the hard knocks of school life. And the pupils were thus eminently 
 prepared for an entirely new mode of governing a set of boys and girls at school. 
 It did not take them long to understand the practical difference between physical 
 government and moral government; to know the difference between fear and 
 enforced respect, and love with involuntary respect. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton's school became at once very popular. The principal and his 
 wife, who was at the head of the female department, inspired at once respect, confi- 
 dence and affection, and all over the country are now men and women who look back 
 to the time they were students under the Hamiltons as among the happiest years 
 of their lives. Some of the results of Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton's teaching may be 
 thus referred to as a part of the history of the old Academy. 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees, July 31, 1845, an appropriation of $100 was made 
 for the purchase of philosophical apparatus. Further appropriations were made, 
 as the final cost of the apparatus was nearly $300, so willing were the trustees to 
 encourage not only the teachers but the pupils. 
 
 On November 18, 1845, the board adopted a resolution that a catalogue of the 
 students of the Academy for the last year should be published. This was the first 
 catalogue authorized' since the foundation of the school, and there are men to-day 
 who would pay three times a reasonable price for a copy, as a souvenir of the pleasant 
 days spent within the walls of the institution. On the same day a resolution was 
 adopted requesting the treasurer to prepare and present to the next meeting "a full 
 and complete statement of all bonds and mortgages in his hands, with the amount 
 due thereon," also to procure a book "in which individual debtor's accounts and all 
 further payments" should be kept. This resolution revealed the fact that no finan- 
 cial account prior to 1840 could be found. The date of the beginning of the 
 treasurer's term was changed to the beginning of the year, and Benjamin B. Smith 
 chosen for the ensuing year. The president — Judge Morris — ^was requested to invite 
 Eev. Mr. Breek, Eev. Mr. Calkins, Eev. Mr. Cochran, William Garretson, Dr. Say- 
 nisch and Dr. Parkhurst to visit the Academy at the closing exercises of the quarter 
 and by their presence encourage the pupils. 
 
 In April, 1846, William Baehe, Jr., was elected a trustee, his father, who had 
 served for many years on the board, having died in 1844. In this year an addition 
 was built to the back of the Academy, the contract being taken by Messrs. Sturroek 
 & Culver for $380. Under date of August 2, 1847, the record contains the following: 
 
 Trustees met; present Bache, Donaldson and Nichols. James Lowrey was ap- 
 pointed trustee to fill the place of S. W. Morris, deceased. James Lowrey elected presi- 
 dent, L. I. Nichols secretary, and B. B. Smith treasurer. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton appear to have terminated their connection with the 
 Academy in March, 1849. Their influence on society in Wellsboro and on the 
 
288 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 students under their charge, was all-po-werful and far-reaching, and although nearly 
 half a century has passed since their departure from the school, their names are still 
 held in grateful remembrance. 
 
 H. "VV. Thorp, the next principal, remained but a short time, and was succeeded 
 in 1850 by Andrew Upson, who taught about a year and a half, his successor being 
 Samuel C. Hosford, who remained two years. Then followed Mr. Eeynolds, John 
 B. Cassoday, who taught a few weeks, and John A. Broadhead, whose stay was also 
 short. 
 
 The minute book of the trustees shows the following entry under date of Decem- 
 ber 13, 1857: 
 
 Mr. S. B. Elliott presented a plan for the proposed new Academy, which, the Board 
 accepted, and on motion of E. G. White, Mr. Elliott was employed to prepare building 
 plans and specifications for the proposed new Academy at the price of $50 for the whole. 
 
 During the years 1857-58 a strong desire was manifested to build a new and a 
 better Academy building on a new and a better site, and the employment of Mr. 
 Elliott to prepare plans and specifications had that end in view. The movement, 
 however, met with strong opposition on the part of a number of citizens. The plans 
 and specifications were made out and the matter agitated until 1859, when it was 
 dropped, Mr. Elliott in the meantime having been paid the $50 promised him. 
 
 The following appears in the minute book of the trustees under date of January 
 18, 1859: 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy at the store of C. & J. L. 
 Eobinson, it was resolved that the paper marked A, purporting: to be the assignment of 
 the interest that the respective members of the order of the Sons of Temperance had 
 in the funds of said society to the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy, be placed on file 
 as part of the proceedings and action of said board. 
 
 On motion, it was further resolved that the vouchei's in the hands of J. E. Donaldson, 
 assigned by said paper marked A, be placed in the hands of the treasurer of the said 
 Academy, and that a statement of the names of the persons against whom the claims 
 are, the amount, etc., be also placed on file. 
 
 At a meeting held March 30, 1859, the treasurer, Benjamin B. Smith, was 
 instructed "to collect the balance of interest now due on bonds and judgments in 
 favor of the Academy;" also "the balance due on subscriptions for repairing the 
 Academy." At this meeting, also, Mr. Donaldson handed over the vouchers for the 
 claims assigned by the Sons of Temperance, and a full statement of the same was 
 entered on the record. The principal amounted to $513.49. On this various pay- 
 ments had been made, but not enough to cover the interest. At the time of the 
 assignment the fund assigned could not have been less than $575; but whatever 
 the amount was it went finally into the Wellsboro common school fund. 
 
 Mr. Broadhead's successor as principal was L. E. Burlingame, who took charge 
 in the winter or spring of 1858 and remained until the fall of 1859. He was a good 
 teacher, but, like some of his predecessors, was a strong believer in the use of the 
 birch. 
 
 On January 31, 1860, the number of school terms was changed to three of 
 fourteen weeks each, and M. N". Allen was employed as teacher and continued till 
 September, 1863, when he resigned. 
 
#^/^.^^- 
 
WELLSBOEO (oontintjed) . 289 
 
 In February, 1861, John N. Bache was elected treasurer in place of Mr. Smith, 
 who had served continuously since January, 1846. 
 
 Judson Allen, a brother of M. N. Allen, finished the term, in which his brother 
 had taught two weeks, September 23, 1863. The nest teacher waa Benjamin Eglin, 
 a graduate of Yale College, and highly recommended by Mr. Coboum, the state 
 school superintendent. He commenced November 30, 1863, and taught two terms, 
 receiving $40 per term and the avails of tuition. He was succeeded by John B. 
 Grier, A. B., of Danville, who was elected president in 1864. Mr. Grier taught two 
 terms of fourteen weeksveach, and three weeks on a third term, and resigned May 
 25, 1865. The secretary was at once authorized to employ a new principal and to 
 put the Academy in full repair, which was done. The fall term opened September 
 7, with the following faculty: Eev. D. D. Van Allen, A. B., principal; Miss S. A. 
 Van Allen, preceptress; Miss Fannie J. Holland, vice-preceptress; Mrs. Mary 
 Bryden, teacher of drawing and painting; Mrs. Juliet Sherwood and Miss H. W. 
 Todd, teachers of vocal and instrumental music. Although their names appear on 
 the catalogue, it is due to Mrs. Bryden, Mrs. Sherwood and Miss Todd to say that 
 they were only nominally connected with the Academy, permitting their names to be 
 used as a matter of courtesy, but teaching at their own homes, independent of Mr. 
 Van Allen. 
 
 In May, 1866, the trustees adopted resolutions complimenting Professor Van 
 Allen and his assistants on their success in conducting the school and expressing 
 an earnest desire that they remain another year. 
 
 In October, 1867, F. D. Hodgson took charge as principal, remaining one year, 
 when he was succeeded by William A. Stone, now a member of Congress from Alle- 
 gheny county. He taught two terms. In September, 1869, a contract was made 
 with Mr. Hunt to teach during the ensuing year. He remained two terms and then 
 engaged in preaching. This closed the Academy. For forty-five years, with the 
 exception of a few brief interruptions, it had been maintained as a classical school, 
 numbering among its principals many men afterwards notable as educators, lawyers, 
 ministers and pubUc officials. Its influence, always for good, still endures. It did 
 much, not only for the intellectual life of Wellsboro, but for its moral betterment. 
 It passed away only when the spirit in favor of a higher education, which it had 
 fostered and strengthened, took a new direction and devoted itself to the better 
 upbuilding of the common schools of the borough, which, as at present conducted, 
 fill the place it occupied for nearly half a century. 
 
 On Fovember 21, 1871, Josiah Emery resigned as president of the board of 
 trustees and John E. Bowen was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 In his reminiscences of the Academy Mr. Emery informs us that after the adop- 
 tion of the common school system it soon became apparent that it would be a difficult 
 matter to sustain an Academy in such a village as Wellsboro without a very large fund 
 on the interest of which to draw, and a high standard of instruction, especially when 
 the common schools are so well managed as they are in Wellsboro. Long previous to 
 1870 the subject of uniting with the common school system and establishing a first- 
 class High School, under the joint direction of the directors and trustees, had been 
 suggested; but this project was deemed injudicious as well as impracticable, and it 
 was finally decided by the trustees that the best thing that could be done was to 
 
 19 
 
290 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 transfer, under certain conditions, the whole Academy fund, together with the 
 Academy building and land, to the Wellsboro school district, to be made the founda- 
 tion of a High School wholly under the control of the directors. A bill was accord- 
 ingly drawn and presented to the legislature at the session of 1870, and it passed 
 finally April 6 of that year. 
 
 It authorized the transfer, by assignment or delivery, of "all articles of personal 
 property, including moneys, bills, notes, mortgages. Judgments, or other evidences 
 of debt due and belonging to said Wellsboro Academy, to the school district of said 
 borough of Wellsboro, and to transfer by deed of quit claim or other sufficient 
 conveyance all real estate belonging to said Wellsboro Academy to the said school 
 district." It also provided that all the property, money, bonds, etc., should be used 
 "to defray current expenses of the schools in said district," and that the "real estate 
 shall not be disposed of, or principal reduced, except for the erection of new or the 
 enlargement of the present graded or union school buildings." 
 
 It was furthermore provided that upon the conveyance of the property it "shall 
 be the duty of the school directors to provide one or more additional departments 
 in the school in which the higher English branches, mathematics and the lan- 
 guages may be taught, and provide a competent teacher therefor." The directors 
 were also authorized, "at their option," to admit into the school pupils who may 
 reside outside the limits of the district and charge therefor such rates of tuition as 
 they may adopt. 
 
 The last meeting of the board of trustees was held in the First Ifational Bank, 
 of Wellsboro, October 23, 1877. There were present J. E. Bowen, president; Wil- 
 liam Bache, treasurer; H. W. Williams, secretary, and J. L. Robinson. At this 
 meeting the following preamble and resolution were adopted unanimously: 
 
 Whereas, The school district of Wellsboro has complied with the provisions of the 
 Act of Assembly relating to the organization of a graded school in said borough, by the 
 erection of a suitable building and the employment of a sufficient number of competent 
 teachers for the instruction of the pupils, so as to be entitled to a conveyance of the real 
 estate held and owned by the said Wellsboro Academy, therefore, 
 
 Kesolved, That the president and secretary be directed to execute and deliver to the 
 school district of Wellsboro a deed by which the title of the said Wellsboro Academy to 
 the lot and buildings owned and lately occupied by them as and for an Academy shall 
 be released and quit-claimed by the said Wellsboro Academy to the said school district 
 of Wellsboro; and tliat said deed be further attested by its execution by such of the 
 trustees as are still resident in the county. 
 
 Resolved, That the secretary be authorized and directed to deliver the books and 
 papers in his hands to the school directors of said borough for safe keeping whenever 
 the deed shall be delivered and the property of said Academy transferred to the said 
 school district. 
 
 Adjourned to meet on call of the chair. 
 
 H. ^. Williams, 
 Secretary. 
 
 It will be remembered that in 1817 the Wellsboro Academy secured from the 
 State an appropriation of $3,000, which was to "be placed in some productive fund 
 or funds, and the increase thereof applied in aid of other resources, to compensate a 
 teacher or teachers of said Academy." The Academy fund was also increased by some 
 $500, a donation from the Sons of Temperance, making in all at least $2,500. This 
 sum was loaned out to different parties, in larger or smaller sums, from $600 down 
 
WELLSBOKO (OONTINTJED). 291 
 
 as low as $10. It was frequently changing hands, being paid in and re-loaned; and 
 yet from 1817, when the $3,000 were received from the State, to May 19, 1873, when 
 the Academy funds were paid over to the Wellsboro school district, not one cent was 
 ever lost or squandered. "All loans," Mr. Bache, the treasurer, afterwards said, "were 
 fully paid; nothing was lost, from the beginning down," a period of fifty-six years. 
 This speaks well for the administration of the fund committed to the trustees for 
 the benefit of the school. But this is not all. The fund, including the Sons of 
 Temperance fund, was increased to $3,252, and, adding the avails of the sale of the 
 Academy building and lot, to $3,853, which have been received from the Academy 
 by the school district. The transfer was a judicious act on the part of the trustees 
 and was generally approved by the people. 
 
 The old Academy accomplished great good in its time and did much in mould- 
 ing the character, both moral and intellectual, of its pupils. It exercised a strong 
 influence over those who passed through its portals, and was not only beneficial to 
 the people in whose midst it was located, but to those of the surrounding country. 
 The healthy influence which it wielded is plainly seen to this day in the cultured 
 and vigorous men and women who are now the old and the middle-aged; and all 
 will recur with pride to the memories of the old Academy on the hill. 
 
 In 1881 the Academy and lot were purchased by Kev. John C. McDermott and 
 the building was remodeled and turned into a Catholic church. It is still used by 
 that denomination. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM ADOPTED. 
 
 The common school law of Pennsylvania, approved April 1, 1834, among other 
 things, provided for the election, on the third Friday in September, 1834, of school 
 directors in the various townships of the different counties, and that the directors 
 should meet in their respective townships and boroughs within ten days after their 
 election, and organize in the manner set forth in the provisions of the act. It was 
 also provided that on the first Tuesday in JSTovember, a convention composed of the 
 county commissioners and one delegate from each township and borough school 
 board should meet at the court house in each county, to decide whether or not a tax 
 should be levied for the maintenance and support of public schools in the several 
 townships and the amount of money to be thus raised, etc. 
 
 In compliance with the provisions of this law, an election was held in the 
 several townships and boroughs of Tioga county and school directors elected, and 
 their names reported to the court of quarter sessions. In Wellsboro the following 
 named directors were elected: Ellis M. Bodine, John P. Donaldson, Jonah Brewster, 
 David Caldwell, Levi I. Nichols and Josiah Emery. In casting lots for the length 
 of their respective terms, Messrs. Mchols and Emery drew the short term, lasting 
 until the next February, when they were both elected for a full term of three years. 
 At a meeting held in March, 1835, Mr. Bodine was elected president, and 
 Mr. ISTichols secretary of the board. 
 
 On Tuesday, November 5, 1834, the county convention, provided for in the 
 law, met in the court house in Wellsboro, and was composed of Amariah Hammond, 
 Chauncey Alford and George Knox, county commissioners, and the following dele- 
 gates from the various township school boards: Brookfield, Jonathan Bonney; 
 
292 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Chatham, Henry Eaton; Charleston, Cyrus Dartt; Covington township, Avery 
 Gille'tt; Covington borough, John Gray; Deerfield, James Knox; Farmington, 
 Jonathan Sorber; Jackson, Norman Wells; Lawrence, Buel Baldwin; Liberty, 
 John Levegood; Mansfield, William B. Mann; Middlebury, Israel P. Kinney; 
 Morris, Charles DufEy; Eutland, Peter Backer; Shippen, George Huyler; Sullivan, 
 David Hazzard; Tioga, Joseph W. Guernsey; Union, Charles 0. Spencer; Westfield, 
 Samuel Baker; Wellsboro, Josiah Emery. Delmar and Elkland were not repre- 
 sented. The former, however, was so closely identified with the interests of Wells- 
 boro that it might be called an integral part thereof. 
 
 The convention organized by electing those old pioneer teachers ajid friends of 
 education, Chauncey Alford, president, and Josiah Emery, secretary. It was a 
 memorable meeting, because its action was to mark the beginning of a new epoch in 
 the educational affairs of Tioga county. The question of levying a tax for the 
 support of the common schools of the county was decided in the affirmative by the 
 unanimous vote of the twenty township delegates and the three county commis- 
 sioners. Out of this number sixteen voted for raising $3,000 and seven for various 
 other sums. The vote, therefore, authorized $3,000 to be levied and collected. 
 This was the first apportionment of money made by Tioga county for the beginning 
 of the common schools. By comparing this sum with the amount of school tax laid 
 for 1895 — $88,657.30 — we are enabled to judge of the progress made in education 
 in sixty years. 
 
 The amount of tax laid in those days was small. One of the first levies for 
 school purposes was fixed at one-third of one per cent. The highest tax levied was 
 against Samuel Wells Morris, $6.54. He owned more real estate than any other 
 resident of the town. William Bache's tax then was $1.98. His brothers, John N. 
 and Laugher Bache, then single men, paid seventeen cents each. Several others 
 paid the same. Forty years afterward William Bache paid $335, and his brothers 
 were required to pay dollars where cents had once sufficed. 
 
 Chauncey Alford, who presided over the convention, was early identified with 
 the cause of education. It is a matter for regret that so little of his personal history 
 has been preserved. It is probable that he was a New Englander by birth and came 
 to Wellsboro early in the century, for it is shown that he was one of the early teachers 
 in the Quaker Meeting House, and in 1833 he was one of the trustees of the Academy. 
 That he was a man of some standing is shown by the fact that he was appointed a 
 justice of the peace in 1827; and during the great slave chase in the winter of 1839 
 he was deputy sheriff, made the arrest of the slaves and took them before Judge 
 Kilbum, at Lawreneeville. In 1833 he was elected county commissioner and served 
 a term of three y§ars. He lived for a long period in Wellsboro, and later on the 
 Locke farm for some time. Tradition says that he was a "clever, social, upright, 
 honest man." 
 
 Miss Lydia Lock was the first teacher employed under the new system in 
 Wellsboro, and Mary E. Nichols was the second. This was before a school house 
 was built. The wages these early teachers received was small compared with the 
 salaries of to-day. As a curiosity the following minute relating to the employment 
 of Miss Nichols is copied from an old school record: 
 
WELiiSBOEO (continued). 293 
 
 Minute of agreement made with Mary E. Nichols, December 5, 1836. Said Mary E. 
 Nichols is to commence school December 5, 1836, and to teach twelve or sixteen weeks, 
 find her own room, firewood and board, for which said Mary E. N., is to receive $3.00 
 per week. Directors to be at the expense of stove and fitting room with benches, etc. 
 
 No elegant brick school houses existed then, fitted up in first-class style, and 
 equipped with all the appliances to facilitate the work of instruction. The female 
 teachers of to-day, surrounded with all the comforts and conveniences, have but to 
 carry their imagination back to that time and contemplate Mary B. Nichols in her 
 humble school room, laboring for $3.00 a week and "find her own room, firewood and 
 board," to convince themselves of the progress that has been made in threc'-score 
 years, and that they are peculiarly blessed that they did not live in her day and 
 generation. 
 
 FIKST PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 On March 11, 1835, David Caldwell, Josiah Emery and James Kimball were 
 chosen a building committee, it having been agreed that the directors raise a sum of 
 money by subscription for building a school house. The subscription paper read 
 as follows, and sounds strangely when contrasted with the method of building public 
 school houses to-day; 
 
 We, the undersigned, promise to pay to Jonah Brewster, David Caldwell, E. M. Bo- 
 dine, J. E. Donaldson, L. I. Nichols and Josiah Emery, the several sums affixed to our 
 namies, for the purpose of erecting a school house in the borough of Wellsboro; said 
 house to belong to the subscribers, in the proportion of the sums subscribed, but to 
 be under the control of the school directors for the year to come, and to be let for the 
 purpose of a school, at a reasonable rate. And we hereby agree to sell to the said 
 borough the house after its completion, at the first cost, should the directors pass a 
 vote at a legal school meeting to purchase the same. The house is to be placed as near 
 the center of the town as circumstances will admit, to be finished as soon as convenient, 
 and the said sums of money payable on demand. 
 
 The school house was built of logs and served the purpose for which it was 
 
 designed, until it was forced to give way by the march of improvement. Erastus 
 
 P. Deane, who became prominent as a surveyor, was one of the first male teachers 
 
 employed. On November 30, 1835, he was engaged to teach for five months at a 
 
 salary of $16 per month. The subsequent year he was again employed. When the 
 
 new log school house was completed he was engaged, November 7, 1836, to teach 
 
 for five months at a salary of $38 per month, a great advance over the price previously 
 
 paid him; but it was stipulated in the contract that he was to board himself and 
 
 "be to the expense of firewood and chopping the same." "Good exercise," it will 
 
 be remarked by some; but to-day it would be a strange spectacle to see the male 
 
 teachers of Wellsboro engaged in chopping wood for the school house. In those 
 
 days it was the custom for the teacher and larger boys to chop the wood, which was 
 
 generally delivered in long pieces by order of the directors. As times advanced 
 
 the teacher usually "shirked" that duty by assigning the "larger boys" to perform 
 
 the chopping act. This was the practice for many years, but now it has almost 
 
 entirely disappeared, except in some of the remote rural districts, where coal cannot 
 
 be obtained, or the board of directors feel too poor to employ some one to "cut up" 
 
 and store the fuel. 
 
 While the Academy was in existence more attention was given to it than to the 
 
294 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 village school under the comnioii school system; but when the managers of the insti- 
 tution "on the hill" decided to wind up the school and transfer their money and 
 property to the free schools, a new impetus was given the latter. The action which 
 led to this conclusion is set forth in the closing part of the history of the old 
 Academy. 
 
 LATEH BUILDINGS AND TEACHERS. 
 
 As early as March 7, 1860, the school district had purchased of Laugher Bache 
 a lot on the east corner of Pearl and JSTorris streets, and soon after erected thereon 
 the primary school building. During the years 1869 and 1870 proceedings were 
 had by which the Academy property was turned over to the school district, aad 
 in the fall of 1870 Prof. A. C. Winters was engaged to teach at a salary of $1,600 
 per year, and three assistants were also employed. This forms a striking contrast 
 with the salary of Mr. Deane only thirty-four years before. The schools steadily 
 increased. In 1871 eight teachers were employed and 477 pupils were on the rolls. 
 In 1873 there were 530 pupils in attendance, but the number of teachers remained 
 the same. 
 
 This rapid increase in the number of pupils made it apparent to the people 
 as well as the board of education that the time had come for enlarged facilities by 
 the erection of an additional building. Meetings were held in the court house to 
 discuss the question and speakers were emphatic in their utterances that action 
 should be taken. Public sentiment was speedily aroused and in accordance with 
 popular expression the school board purchased a lot and erected thereon a sub- 
 stantial building which cost, with the furnishing, $33,500. The dedication of this 
 btdlding, which took place August 20, 1875, was an event of no ordinary importance 
 for the town and called forth a large attendance. In honor of the event addresses 
 were made by Eev. JST. L. Edwards, James H. Bosard, Esq., Hon. Henry W. Williams, 
 Eev. J. P. Calkins, Hon. Stephen P. Wilson, Hon. Jerome B. Mies, Kev. Dr. 
 Charles Breck, and others. They all congratulated the citizens of Wellsboro on 
 the auspicious event, and the advancement in the cause of education. 
 
 In order to complete the historical record it must not be omitted to state that 
 the school board under whose administration the building was erected was con- 
 stituted as follows: President, John W. Bailey; treasurer, William Bache; secre- 
 tary, James H. Bosard; Jerome B. Potter, Hugh Young, Chester Eobinson and 
 Jerome B. Mies. 
 
 In 1894, in order to meet the demand for additional room, a new primary 
 school building, costing $13,000, was erected on the lot adjoining the High School 
 building on the southeast. This was a large, two-story "brick veneer" edifice, 
 ventilated by the Smead system, and furnished with the latest improved desks and 
 school apparatus. On the night of August 28, 1896, this building was destroyed 
 by fire. The school board immediately resolved to rebuild in accordance with the 
 old plans, and the new building was ready for occupancy January 1, 1897. 
 
 The borough schools are in excellent condition. They comprise two school 
 buildings, with twelve school rooms and twelve teachers — two males and ten 
 females — the average pay per month of the former being $96.78, and of the latter 
 $43.30. The graded schools were organized and the first principal appointed in 1870. 
 This position has been filled as follows: A. C. Winters, A. M., 1870-73; P. M. Edick, 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 295 
 
 1873-77; E. Francis, 1877-79; Henry E. Eaesly, A. M., 1879-90; James B. Hastings, 
 A. M., 1890-92; A. Frank StaufEer, A. M., 1893-96, and Daniel Fleisher, A. M., 
 Ph. D., the present incumbent, who took charge in September, 1896. 
 
 The number of pupils registered in June, 1896, were as follows: Males, 353; 
 females, 337. Total, 689. 
 
 WILLOW HALL SCHOOL. 
 
 In 1891, during the rectorship of Eev. A. W. Snyder, an affort was made by a 
 few of the leading members of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church and other 
 citizens to establish a school for girls, with the purpose, if sufEcient support were 
 given the enterprise, of making it a permanent boarding school. With this end in 
 view, William Bache and John L. Eobinson purchased the building on Central 
 avenue, since known as Willow Hall, and deeded it to St. Paul's church. A school was 
 opened with Miss Mary H. Burrows as preceptress and was continued for two years. 
 The number of those who felt able to send their children, and pay tuition in addition 
 to their public school taxes, was too limited to make the school self-sustaining. The 
 burden of the financial support, therefore, fell on a few, whose liberality had already 
 been heavily taxed, and they declared that they could not become personally respon- 
 sible for a constantly recurring deficit. The school was accordingly closed, and the 
 building, which is still church property, is used for meetings of the guild, the sewing 
 society and for sociables, etc. At the present time a kindergarten school is carried 
 on in it by Miss May Bennett. 
 
 CHAPTEE XIX. 
 
 WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Old Quaker Meeting House-St. Paul's Peotbstant Episcopal Church- 
 Rev. Charles Breck, the Pioneer Pastor-The Work He Accomplished- 
 The Presbyterian Church-Rev. J. P. Calkins' Long Pastorate-His 
 Semi-Centbnnial Address— First Methodist Episcopal Church — Rev 
 Caleb Boyer-The First Class — Church Organized — Fhist Baptist 
 Church— Its Organization and Later History— St. Peter's Roman Cath- 
 olic Church — The Free Will Baptist Church — Cemeteries— Socie- 
 
 TIBS— WELLSBOROUGH'S MILITARY BAND. 
 
 WHEN Benjamin Wistar Morris laid out Wellsboro, in the very beginning of this 
 century, there was no church or organized religious denomination in this part 
 of the country. Mr. Morris and his wife— Mary Wells, after whom he named the 
 town— were members of the Society of Friends, generally known as Quakers, as were, 
 also, all the leading members of the land company. Eealizing the importance of 
 having a religious organization in his new settlement, Mr. Morris determined to 
 build a church. There were few people to attend it, and his wife was the first and 
 only female resident of the new town at that time; but if they had a church, he 
 
296 HISTOET OP TI0GA COUNTY. 
 
 argued, it would bring the surrounding settlers together occasionally, and be instru- 
 mental in promoting their welfare. 
 
 The church was constructed of logs, which were hewed on one side and dove- 
 tailed together at the corners, and stood facing the square on the rear of the lot 
 now occupied by the law of&ces of Sherwood & Owlett. The first buildings erected 
 by the early settlers were generally made of round logs, and were known as cabias. 
 The hewed log building belonged to what might be denominated the secondary or 
 advanced stage of architecture, and was regarded as a great improvement over the 
 cabin style, just as the modern cottage house of to-day is considered an improve- 
 ment over the square frame, or box house, of forty years ago, without porches or 
 projecting windows, halls, or any internal conveniences whatever. 
 
 The Quaker Meeting House, therefore, was the finest building in the settlement 
 and attracted attention from fax and near. Its exact size is not given in any of the 
 early records, but tradition says it was sixteen by twelve feet. 
 
 When completed there were no ministers to hold stated meetings, but Mr. 
 Morris, according to the custom of the Society of Friends, officiated himself occa- 
 sionally, or when the spirit prompted him to act. His wife was very active as a 
 member and did much towards keeping the church together. There was a large 
 settlement of Quakers at what is now known as Pennsdale, in Lycoming county. 
 There a log Quaker church had been built as early as 1791 or 1792, and was the 
 first of the kind in this part of the State. As the Morris and Ellis families had 
 become related by marriage, there was frequent communication between them, and 
 the Quakers of Mimcy valley aided the church at Wellsboro. And through the 
 sympathy and moral support of the latter, ministers of high standing occasionally 
 made the toilsome journey over the State road from Ifewberry to hold meetings at 
 the little log church in the wilderness. 
 
 'Twas only just a little churcli 'way out there in the pines, 
 Where you hear the thrushes singin' an' the blooms are on the vines; 
 Where the wildwood roses clustered with daisies white as snow, 
 An' the brown bees bent the blossoms in the days of long ago. 
 
 'Twas only just a little church, without these steeples high, 
 That seemed to touch the windows of the blue and bendin' sky; 
 No style at all about it, an' all the week so still — 
 With only just the bird songs an' the rattle o' the rill. 
 
 The Quaker Meeting House was often used for other than religious purposes, 
 for we are informed that the first meeting of the commissioners was held there 
 October 8, 1808, for the purpose of organizing. 
 
 After the death of the founder and his wife the Quaker church went iato 
 decline, and as the membership decreased it soon ceased to exist. The descendants 
 of Mr. Morris drifted into the Episcopal church, and other denominations soon 
 sprung up. The old building stood as a landmark for many years and was pointed 
 to with pride by the early settlers. It was still standing after 1830, but in such a 
 crumbling condition that it was soon afterwards torn down to make room for more 
 modem improvements. 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 297 
 
 ST. Paul's peotestant episcopal chukch. 
 This is the oldest existing religious organization in Wellsboro. According to 
 the records, the first Episcopal service was held in the court house, Wednesday, 
 August 23, 1838, by Eev. Charles Breck, then in deacon's orders, who had arrived in 
 Wellsboro the day before. At that time there was no church building in the borough, 
 the old Quaker Meeting House having either been dismantled or so far fallen into 
 decay that it could not be used. 
 
 It is said that the lack of religious interest at this time led a number of the 
 leading citizens to call a piiblic meeting to consider what was best to be done. The 
 Quaker church had so few followers that it had no longer an organization, and as 
 the population of the borough and the surrounding country was gradually increasing, 
 it was evident that something must be done to foster a greater religious interest. The 
 question was to whom they should apply for a minister. The choice was between the 
 Presbyterians and the Episcopalians; and as there was a sentiment in favor of the 
 latter on the part of the prominent citizens present, the meeting decided to try and 
 secure a minister of that denomination. A committee consisting of James Lowrey 
 and Joshua Sweet was appointed and instructed to proceed and carry out the wishes 
 of the meeting. Not understanding diocesian boundaries, the committee addressed 
 their first application to the Eev. Eichard Smith, rector of the church in Elmira. 
 He informed them that as their territory belonged to the diocese of Pennsylvania, 
 they should apply to Bishop Onderdonk, of Philadelphia, for instruction. A letter 
 was accordingly forwarded to the bishop, who transmitted it to Mr. Breck, then a 
 student in the General Theological Seminary, New York, who was so impressed 
 with the application that he hastened to their assistance. 
 
 On visiting the principal families of the village, after his arrival, Mr. Breck failed 
 to find a single communicant and he was almost discouraged. In the whole town 
 there were less than half a dozen professed Christians, notwithstanding one of the 
 best academies in northern Pennsylvania had flourished there for many years. This 
 seems almost incredible, and it can only be accounted for on the ground of the isola- 
 tion of the place and its primitive condition. 
 
 Mr. Breck saw an excellent field before him for missionary labor and he addressed 
 himself to the work. The second Sunday after his arrival he was met at the door of 
 the coTirt house by the deputy sheriff, who informed him that the authorities had 
 decided not to permit the building to be further used for religious meetings. This was 
 a surprise, but it did not discourage the young minister. He withdrew to the school 
 house near by and held religious services, and in that building he ofBeiated for some 
 time afterward, until the upper part of the Academy was prepared with a vestry room, 
 desks, seats and a small organ, kindly loaned for the use of the congregation by Levi 
 I. Nichols, who also served as organist for many years. The infant church, of course, 
 labored under great disadvantages from the fact that the people were nearly all 
 ignorant of the Episcopal liturgy and oflices; and it is probable, too, that there were 
 some prejudices that had to be overcome. 
 
 But the seed had been sown. On October 30, 1838, about two months after 
 Mr. Breck's arrival, a meeting was held at the office of James Lowrey and a parish 
 was organized, by the adoption of the form of charter recommended by the con- 
 vention of the diocese; and at the same time and place wardens and vestrymen 
 
298 WELi-SBOKO (continued). 
 
 were elected as follows: Benjamin B. Smith, Leyi I. Nichols, Dr. Otis L. Gibson, 
 Joshua Sweet (afterward a clergyman of the church), James Lowrey, and John L. 
 Eobinson. On application to the legislature the parish was duly incorporated under 
 the name of the rector, wardens and vestrymen of St. Paul's Church, Wellsboro. 
 
 A thorough organization having been efEected, the next step was to erect a church 
 building. The work was undertaken and such good progress was made that on 
 April 15, 1839, the corner stone was laid, and on the first of the following December 
 the building was occupied for the first time as a place of worship. It was consecrated 
 September 12, 1841, Bishop Onderdonk officiating. It was a modest building, cost- 
 ing only $3,000, but it answered the purpose. The organ, blinds and chairs cost 
 about $400. Galleries were afterward erected at an expense of $667. Including the 
 cost of the bell, the sum total for completing the church edifice, furnishing, etc., was 
 about $4,065. 
 
 This was a great triumph for the young rector, who had commenced his labors 
 under discouraging conditions. Mr. Breck continued as rector for ten years, resign- 
 ing in 1848. When he terminated his labors with the parish the names of the vestry- 
 men were: James Lowrey, Samuel Dickinson, William Bache, and James P. MagUl; 
 and of the wardens: Dr. Otis L. Gibson and John L. Eobinson. During the rector- 
 ship of Mr. Breck, Judge Samuel W. Morris generously donated the parish 
 the site of the present rectory. At the time of Mr. Breck's resignation the number 
 of communicants was ninety. Of these twelve were originally Episcopalians, eight 
 came from the Methodists, fifteen from the Quakers, thirty-one from the Presbyte- 
 rians, ten from the Congregationalists, eight from the Baptists, and six from the 
 Unitarians. Mr. Breck took charge of the Sunday-schools himself, and when he 
 retired there were three, numbering 150 scholars. 
 
 After the retirement of Mr. Breck in 1848 he was succeeded by the Eev. A. A. 
 Marple, who was called by the vestry and took charge of the parish October 1st, of that 
 year. The rectory was built in 1850 and occupied in July of that year. It cost $1,300 
 and afforded a comfortable residence for the rector and his family. 
 
 After a ministry of more than fourteen years, Mr. Marple resigned and removed 
 from Wellsboro in 1863. Between the years 1863 and 1873 the parish was in charge of 
 Eevs. George H. Jenks, Henry J. Van Allen, J. B. Calhoun, John A. Bowman, and 
 S. K. Karcher. Then, at the earnest solicitation of the parish, Eev. Charles Breck, 
 D. D., returned and took charge in December, 1873. He had been gone twenty-four 
 years, almost a quarter of a century! His return to the church he had founded 
 nearly thirty-five years before was the cause of a happy reunion — a reunion in which 
 rector and communicants joined in the most refreshing and loving manner. 
 
 During the year 1873 the old rectory, built in 1850, was sold and removed and a 
 new one erected at a cost of $7,000. It was much more comfortable than the old 
 one, as well as a credit to the parish. Sheds were put up at the rear of the church 
 and a new bell purchased. Dr. Breck remained as rector until 1884, when he again 
 resigned and made a trip to Europe, having in the meantime lost his wife by death. 
 After his return from abroad he officiated for a short time at Scranton and then at 
 Wilmington, Delaware, when he retired from active work. His death occurred at 
 Barrytown, on the Hudson, June 12, 1891. His second wife, Mai-y, daughter of 
 Judge Williston, survived him and resides in Wellsboro. 
 
WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 299 
 
 When Dr. Breck resigned in 1848 he took charge of a church at Eockdale, Dela- 
 ware, where he remained seYeral years. He was then called to the rectorship of 
 Trinity Church, Wilmington, which he held for twelve years, and then went to 
 Cleyeland, where he remined three years, returning to Wellshoro in 1873. 
 
 The ancestors of Dr. Breck belonged in New England and were identified with 
 the Eevolution. His parents having settled in or near Philadelphia our subject was 
 born there. He received a good education, entered the ministry, as already stated, 
 and commenced his career at Wellsboro by founding the Episcopal church in 1838. 
 His exact age is unknown, but is supposed to have been between seventy-five and 
 seventy-seven years. He had four children by his first marriage, but they are all de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Eev. W. G. Ware succeeded Dr. Breck, taking charge of the parish September 1, 
 1884. He remained as rector until April 30, 1889, when he resigned to accept a 
 call elsewhere. He was succeeded by the Eev. A. W. Snyder August 1, 1890, who re- 
 mained until February 15, 1894. .The present rector, Eev. William Heakes, came 
 June 15, 1894. 
 
 St. Paul's is steadily gaining in strength. The communicants number about 300; 
 the Sunday-school comprises 135 scholars. The rector serves as superintendent. 
 There are about 500 volumes in the library. 
 
 As the old church had become too small, the vestry, in December, 1895, purchased 
 part of the Bingham lot, on the corner of Pearl and Charles streets, near the 
 present church edifice. The price paid was $3,000. In January, 1897, from eight 
 bids submitted, for erecting the new church edifice, the vestry accepted that of 
 the Wellsboro Building and Manufacturing Company. The new church will stand 
 on the corner of Pearl and Charles streets, facing the public square, and is to be con- 
 structed of Antrim stone. The main building will consist of a nave and transepts 
 with two vestibules in front and a broad choir and chancel at the rear. The west cor- 
 ner will be marked by a large battlemented tower 69 feet high, and at the south- 
 western side will be clustered the vestry, sacristy, two choir rooms and a chapel or 
 assembly room. The style of the edifice will be what is known as Eomanesque, all the 
 arches being semi-circular, and the walls are to be laid in random courses, there being 
 few horizontal lines. It is expected that the building will be completed before the 
 close of 1897. The cost will be about $30,000. The Bingham office, which occupied 
 the lot for many years, has been removed immediately north of its old site. Besides 
 affording the congregation a comfortable and commodious house of worship, the new 
 edifice will be a notable addition to the architecture of the borough. 
 
 THE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH OF WELLSBOEO. 
 
 This church was organized February 11, 1843. There was no church edifice at 
 that time and meetings were held in the court house. Eev. Thomas Foster supplied 
 the pulpit a year and gathered a membership in Wellsboro and at Pine Creek, now 
 Ansonia, of about thirty persons. Mr, Foster was a son of General Foster, of Harris- 
 burg, and was received into the church September 4, 1834. He was a graduate of 
 Dickinson College, Carlisle. 
 
 After Mr. Poster's retirement, in 1844, the members of the Wellsboro church 
 requested Eev. S. J. McCuUough, of Lawrenceville, to write to the faculty of Auburn 
 Theological Seminary to send them one of their young men of the class that was 
 
300 WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 
 
 to graduate that year to fill their pulpit. In accordance with that request Eev. J. F. 
 Calkins came to Wellsboro in May, 1844. He had graduated from Union College in 
 1841 and then had become a student at Auburn Theological Seminary. During the 
 summer vacation he preached in Wellsboro, and so well pleased were the members of 
 the church with him, that, after his graduation in August, they extended a call to him 
 and he was duly installed pastor in September, haying charge of the church in Wells- 
 boro and at what is now Ansonia. 
 
 Mr. Calkins was a zealous and hard working minister. For nine years he held 
 services in the court house and steadily increased the membership. As the congrega- 
 tion was small, sufficient means could, not be secured for several years to build a 
 church. The pastor, however, labored zealously to raise funds to erect a building. A 
 lot was secured at the comer of Main and Norris streets and preparations made to 
 build. Lumber and other materials were collected, but disaster overtook them. The 
 lumber was destroyed by fire, the outlook became discouraging, and for a time all work 
 was suspended. But that great philanthropist, William E. Dodge, of New York, 
 learning of the misfortune, promptly telegraphed the officials of the church: "Buy 
 10,000 feet of seasoned lumber and send me the bill." They at once took courage, 
 lumber was procured, the work went on and the building was completed and dedicated 
 in 1854. It cost $4,600 and was regarded as a great improvement for the-time. Mr. 
 Dodge donated the bell and it is still doing service. His lumbering interests were 
 great in Tioga county in early times, but he was ever the friend and patron of church 
 organizations and aided more than any other person in this section of the State. 
 
 The first elders of the church — those who shared in the trials and tribulations 
 of Mr. Calkins — were S. P. Scoville, Chauncey Austin and W. W. McDougall. They 
 were devout men and their memories are fondly cherished. On February 18, 1847, 
 the Presbyterian church and congregation of Wellsboro was incorporated by act of 
 the legislature. 
 
 Under the fostering care of Mr. Calkins the church steadily grew in strength, 
 and in 1872 the congregation felt able to enlarge and otherwise improve the building. 
 This was done at an expense of about $2,500. With these improvements the congre- 
 gation were content for many years. Mr. Calkins resigned in 1879, after having been 
 in continuous service as pastor for the long period of over thirty-five years. 
 
 The church celebrated its fiftieth anniversary February 11, 1893. The occasion 
 was unusually interesting and the ceremonies were deeply impressive; made more 
 so, perhaps, by the presence of Mr. Calkins, and the historical address which he 
 read while seated in a chair. As that address gives a full history of how the church 
 was founded, and relates his trials and tribulations during his long pastorate, the 
 material portions are given herewith: 
 
 The Society of Friends, or Quakers, we believe, have the honor of holding the first 
 public religious services in this village at the advent of the Morris, Bache and Norris 
 families. About this same time that missionary hero. Elder Sheardown, made excur- 
 sions here and down Babb's creek and up and down Pine creek, and left his disciples 
 behind him. The Methodists gathered a little band, inspired by the mother of the 
 Coolidges, and were the first to organize and claim the regular services of a minister. 
 The Protestant Episcopalians, in 1838, came next with their zelous rector, Rev. Charles 
 Breck, who came to stay ten years. 
 
 The church buildings at Ansonia erected by Phelps, Dodge & Company, and at Wells- 
 
WELLSBOEO (OONTINTJED) . 301 
 
 boro, by the Episcopal and Methodist churches, were all built within the same five years, 
 preceding 1841, I think. 
 
 The history of the Presbyterian church may, for the convenience of this narrative, 
 be divided into periods of ten years each — five in all. With these decades I am connected 
 with only about three and a half. 
 
 The Ansonia house of worship was for three or four years literally a church without 
 a bishop. Dr. Breck preached there occasionally. So did a Mr. Pinkham, whom I never 
 saw. Meanwhile Mr. Dodge, of New York City, and Eev. S. J. McCullough, of Lawrence- 
 ville, had been looking for a minister. 
 
 How came this church to organize fifty years ago ? Some one on the ground and 
 not far away must move in the matter. Who gathered the nucleus here ? It was a 
 woman, of course, and that woman was Mrs. Dr. Curtis Parkhurst, of Lawrenceville. He 
 resided here temporarily as the sheriff of the county. She gathered the names of those 
 preferring our type of worship in this town and Ansonia, and sent for her minister in 
 LavsTenceville to weld them into a church. The next thing was a minister, and how did 
 they get him ? 
 
 The sheriff had to report quite often to the capital of the State, and so he reported 
 there the want of a minister for the Presby1;erian church of Wellsboro. The result was 
 the coming of a young man, son of an elder of the Market Square church, of Harris- 
 burg, a Eev. Mr. Foster. He stayed less than a year and left before I came. I never saw 
 him. * * * How came they by their second minister? I was at the time a, senior 
 in Auburn Theological Seminary. The spring vacation of 1844 was soon to commence. 
 Dr. Dickinson, one of the professors, came to my room one day with a letter asking him 
 to send a minister to Wellsboro. I hailed from Corning, the nearest town to Wellsboro 
 of any of the undergraduates — hence his application to me. He directed me to call on 
 Eev. Mr. McCullough, of Lawrenceville, for an introduction to Wellsboro. I did so, and 
 he brought me up, twenty-five miles, to Wellsboro. W^e arrived after dark on a Friday 
 night and found lodgings in a little old house and a little seven by nine bedroom, aban- 
 doned by Dr. Gibson and rented by Israel Eichards, on the corner where Hon. Jerome B. 
 Niles now lives. 
 
 On awakening the next morning I reviewed the landscape o'er and wondered how 
 we got into this tunnel at the foot of these hills. After breakfast I told him to take me 
 out as quick as he could. He would not do it, but introduced me to a few families and 
 then went back to tend his own sheep. I was taken over to Ansonia Saturday night, and 
 preached there Sabbath morning and in the court house here in the afternoon, and so 
 continued for four weeks, going back to Auburn $50 richer than when I came. * * » 
 So when a call reached me in the course of my last term in the Seminary, engineered by 
 Eev. Mr. McCullough, I accepted it. Began services September 8, 1844; was soon or- 
 dained and installed, and on the 8th of October was married and brought my wife from 
 Geneva here the same week, not losing a Sabbath for such business as that. 
 
 Then Wellsboro had a population of 400. There was a mail twice a week via stage 
 from Covington, and once a week via horseback from Coudersport. * * * When 
 we came it was a difficult question where we could live. We boarded a few weeks in two 
 different places. Commenced keeping house in the front part of what is now the Ens- 
 worth house. The parlor was our kitchen and dining room; the hall our pantry and 
 cellar way; the front chamber was our bed room, study and reception room; the little 
 bed room over the hall was our guest chamber. We, after the first year, rented a little 
 house on Main street not far from the present Converse block. That was owned by Mary 
 Gorrie, a milliner, before she married Peter Green. Then we moved to a little house on 
 the corner of the lot where Mr. Converse now lives, then owned by Mr. Norris; and we 
 shall never forget the formidable document drawn up as a lease in a most beautiful hand- 
 writing with all the provisos and guards against injuring the rickety shanty. 
 
 Here we began to agitate the question of a parsonage. From the four points of the 
 compass I pressed the subscriptions, scarcely $50 in cash, but in work, digging, hauling, 
 timber, boards, plank, carpenter and mason work. The lime was hauled from near 
 Williamsport. Mr. Bache gave the lot, and all the subscriptions of different kinds were 
 
302 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY 
 
 estimated at $600. But the parsonage I would have, and I built it. When, six years after 
 this, we began to agitate the question of a church, I bought the society's half of the 
 parsonage and secured the lot upon which the church stands, paying $700 for it. 
 
 The services during the whole of the first decade were held in the court house. The 
 order was, in the morning at Ansonia; 2 o'clock p. m., preaching in the court house; 3 
 p. m., Sunday-school; evening, some school house in the country. The amount of secular 
 and missionary work I undertook this first decade seems to me at this period of life the 
 height of imprudence. « * » My parish extended west to Coudersport, east to 
 Covington, north to the Cowanesque, south to Williamsport; and when I got there I 
 challenged Drs. Sterling, of Williamsport, and Stevens, of Jersey Shore, to meet me half 
 way, for there were souls perishing all along the line. 
 
 It was, I think, the last year of this decade that I rode over to Pine Creek through 
 a deep snow one Sabbath morning to preach. There were not half a dozen at church. 
 Once before there were but two. My horse was blanketed and tied to the fence. I prayed 
 and preached and shut the Bible. I knew there vrere probably within two miles of me 
 two hundred persons in houses and lumber camps. I told the few that were before me, 
 I could not stand it. I then said, "I will preach in this house every night this week." 
 There were three times as many there Monday evening as there were on the Sabbath. 
 Soon the house was full. The next Sabbath I gave the same notice. And so it continued 
 for six weeks. I always drove home every night, sometimes not reaching it till 12 o'clock, 
 and it was one of the coldest winters I ever knew. Some of the incidents of that series 
 of meetings I shall never forget. The church there took on a new life that lasted for 
 years. 
 
 Mr. .Ensworth had frequently suggested the practicability of building a church. But 
 one thing is sure; if I had not had a, friend at court in UTew York City, the attempt 
 would have been an utter failure. I dreaded again making myself a hewer of wood and 
 a drawer of water, as I had done in the building of the parsonage. I began with pushing 
 subscriptions for the purpose. In the church there was but one man that could subscribe 
 $100. In applying to Mr. Clymer, he said: "If you can get five men to subscribe $100 each, 
 I^will be the sixth." Peter Green and Robert Campbell were the last two men to make 
 up the five; and so I had the six hundred to storm the MalakhofE. The other subscrip- 
 tions were in smaller amounts and for materials and work. 
 
 There were then no such plans available for churches as are now so abundant. I 
 visited far and near to find such a church as I thought we wanted. I turned myself into 
 an architect, and have often since said if the Lord would forgive me for planning this 
 church I would never do so again. But the sin of it, like the sin of the older fathers, 
 must be laid at the doors of the age in which we lived as well as on the head of the 
 builder. Nevertheless, I built as well, if not better, than I knew. Every dollar that went 
 into it, every foot of lumber, every contract for work, the burning of the kiln of our best 
 lumber just as the carpenters had the frame enclosed — if I do not know how much brain 
 and brawn it cost, who does ? 
 
 The next morning after our lumber was burned, I do not know whether Tatnai and 
 Shethar-boznai, the Apharsachites, rejoiced, but I do know our feeble folk were sad. I 
 preached on the following Sabbath on the text, "Though I fall sometimes, I shall rise 
 again," and Monday morning I wrote Mr. Dodge of the sermon and the occasion lor it. 
 The answer came, "Purchase 10,000 feet of seasoned lumber anywhere you can find it, 
 and send the bill to me." It was done and our faces were glad. * » * Mr. Dodge 
 gave us the bell. Who rang it? * * * 
 
 In the previous decade, unknown to myself, I had been chosen by the board of school 
 directors of Tioga county, at a meeting held at the court house, to inaugurate the county 
 superintendency of schools for three years. I was afterwards appointed by the governor 
 of the State to supplement the term of a superintendent whose health had failed — mak- 
 ing five years of service in this direction. This sent me galloping all over the county to 
 every school house, and landing in Wellsboro on Saturday to occupy the pulpit on the 
 Sabbath. Do you wonder at the patience of this people with their pastor ? Yet this par 
 tience was to be more severely tried. 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 393 
 
 In the winter of 1863 there was an epidemic of diphtheria throughout this region. In 
 two months I had attended the funerals of more than thirty persons. I waked up one 
 morning'with the disease fastened on myself. I had two funeral engagements that day, 
 and I sent a boy on my horse to notify the afQicted families. 
 
 I arose from that sickness weak and worthless. I had held from Governor Curtin for 
 several months a commission as chaplain of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers. As soon as I was able to preach I occupied the pulpit, resigned the pas- 
 torate, told them that I should start that week for the Army of the Potomac. The 
 church protested, said I would die if I went. I was more afraid I would die if I stayed. 
 I went in May and stayed till the end of the war. 
 
 A Eev. Mr. Boggs, who was engaged to supply the pulpit, had left home before my 
 return. My resignation was not accepted. By solicitation of the ofScers of the church 
 I resumed the service with increased love of pastor and people for each other and the 
 name of Christ. * * » The outside work of the pastor in the care and labor for 
 other churches had grown very much for years past. This must be attributed mainly to 
 the unusual continuance of the pastorate. Calls to funerals and to settle difficulties in 
 churches; and more agreeable but not less laborious ones — weddings, and to assist pas- 
 tors in and outside the Presbytery on occasions of more than usual religious in- 
 terest. 
 
 Only seven years of this period [1873-83] did I remain in Wellsboro. It had become 
 the custom in this place, and quite generally throughout our country, to manifest the 
 irenic disposition of Christian churches, to unite in union services every night for the 
 first week in January. If the occasion warranted it, these services were continued in 
 very happy Christian fellowship for a longer time. The Evangelical Alliance, interna- 
 tional, had first suggested this good way. * * * It was the union services of this 
 year that issued in the largest ingathering at any one time in the history of the church 
 — eighty persons joined. * * * 
 
 In November, 1877, our home was again sadly shadowed by the death of the pastor's 
 wife. It was after a most painful sickness of over two years, under the care of many 
 physicians. She was taken to the seashore and returned as far as Brooklyn, whence I 
 received a telegram to come to her. There, alone with her husband in the dark watches 
 of the night, her sufferings ceased, we trust, forever. » * * But the shock to the 
 pastor's nervous system, the insomnia that preceded and followed this dark day, doubt- 
 less tinged his ministry and judgment more than he knew. And to the parish this was 
 probably more apparent than to himself; and they with all the memories of his ministry 
 before them were better judges than himself. It was only two years after this the clock 
 struck and the pastorate ended in its thirty-sixth year. 
 
 There is a tinge of pathos in the closing sentences of this grand old minister's 
 story of his long pastorate in Wellsboro, which brings to mind many pleasant memo- 
 ries of his long and useful career. After bidding farewell to the scenes of his years 
 of labor he was not forgotten. To use his own language: "The same kind provi- 
 dence, through a classmate in Auburn Theological Seminary, sent the old minister 
 to a church and people and a country so beautiful and restful that he could sleep all 
 his worries away." This was at the beautiful village of Avon, Livingston county, 
 New York, where he labored nearly ten years longer, and "there by the blessing of 
 God his ministry still bore fruit in his old age." He then retired to Geneva, where 
 fifty years before he commenced his studies for the ministry, and resided there with 
 his two daughters — Mrs. Clara Meigs and Mrs. Stella Torrence — until his death, 
 November 7, 1893. As he was born March 37, 1816, he passed away in the seventy- 
 eighth year of his age. His remains were brought to Wellsboro and laid by the 
 side of his wife, who died in November, 1877. Visitors to the Wellsboro Cemetery 
 will find in the eastern part a rough, undressed sandstone rock, standing on end. 
 
304 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 with the name, "Calkins/' carved upon it, which marks his resting place. This 
 rough stone was selected by himself in life, and is typical of his rugged Christian 
 character. In the same lot is a finely polished gi-anite tablet which not only bears 
 his name and the dates and places of his ministry, but the names of his wife and 
 child. The dates of their birth and death are also inscribed thereon. 
 
 A NEW EPOCH. 
 
 In 1880 the congregation united in a call to the Eev. A. C. Shaw, D. D., to 
 succeed Mr. Calkins. Dr. Shaw was born in the city of Eochester. His collegiate 
 education was attained at the Eochester University, and his theological at Auburn 
 Theological Seminary. He entered the ministry in 1864. He was, therefore, at 
 the time of his coming to this church, in the prime of life. He was possessed of an 
 easy and attractive manner, socially, and of more than ordinary gifts as a preacher. 
 He at once endeared himself to his people and to the community, and has continued 
 to serve them down to the present day with general acceptability and usefulness. 
 The church has grown in membership and activity. Its organization, religious and 
 charitable, has been perfected, and its interest in the general work of the denomina- 
 tion has been increased, until it has become one of the most efficient churches in this 
 region. 
 
 The observance of the semi-centennial anniversary marked the beginning of 
 a new epoch in the history of the church. On this occasion the project of erecting 
 a new building took form. The old structure had become too small. Generous offers 
 of assistance made by two or three members of the society aroused others to make 
 responsive efforts, and in a very short time the voltmtary contributions warranted 
 the undertaking of the enterprise. The last service was held in the old church on 
 Sunday evening, April 15, 1894. That house of worship was endeared to the people 
 by the struggles and sacrifices involved in its erection and they were loth to see it 
 demolished. But it had served its day, and it was torn down and on Wednesday, 
 April 25, 1894, the ground was broken for the new stone church. On Friday, June 
 8th, the comer-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The plan for the new 
 building was furnished by Culver & Hudson, architects, of Williamsport. The work 
 went on steadily without interruption until it was completed and the beautiful 
 structure furnished in modern style throughout. Competent judges pronounce it 
 probably the finest church of its size in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 A description of this neat and attractive edifice is of historical importance. It 
 is a well-proportioned structure of Gothic style throughout. Its extreme length is 
 116 feet on ISTorris street and it is sixty-nine feet in width on Main street. The main 
 vestibule is entered either from Main or ISTorris street. There is another front 
 entrance on the uptown side and the side steps on ISTorris street lead to a vestibule 
 connected with the auditorium, library and Sunday school rooms. The bell tower 
 is seventy-two feet in height, and the smaller tower on the south comer forty-seven 
 feet high. 
 
 The walls of the church are constructed of Ohio sandstone, xock-faced and laid 
 in Portland cement in what is termed random range courses. The joints are tucked 
 with gray mortar. The trimmings are of cut stone. The roof is covered with slate, 
 and all the gutters and flashings are made of copper instead of tin. 
 
 The auditorium is sixty feet square, the arches forming alcoves on all four sides. 
 
C^^^T^^H^t^^yty 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 305 
 
 The room is twenty-eight feet in height. The four steel trusses which support the 
 roof axe encased in antique oak and break the ceiling, which is laid out in panels with 
 oak mouldings. The four ornamental arches are also in oak, as is the rest of the 
 interior finish, and in the center of the ceiling there is an elaborate piece of grille- 
 work. The walls are tinted with different shades of terra-eotta, and the beautiful 
 velvet carpet that covers the floor is in harmony with them. Besides the electric 
 light brackets upon the side walls, there is a large prismatic reflector in the center 
 which distributes the light from thirty-four electric bulbs. 
 
 There are 415 opera chairs arranged in amphitheater style on the sloping floor. 
 The chairs have iron frames, dark antique oak woodwork and automatic seats. The 
 pulpit stall is elaborately made in massive oak in Gothic style, and the desk is a brass 
 rail with an adjustable book-rest. 
 
 All the important windows of the church are of stained glass, and they are very 
 handsome. The two large windows in the auditoriiim are memorials. That in the 
 front is iuscribed to the "memory of Eev. and Mrs. James F. Calkins," and its 
 inscription in the central panel reads, "And they that be wise shall shine as the 
 brightness of the firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars 
 forever and ever." This window' was placed in the church by friends of Eev. aoid 
 Mrs. Calkins, assisted by their daughters. 
 
 The other window was furnished by Mrs. G. D. Smith in memory of her late 
 husband. It is inscribed, "In loving memory of George Dwight Smith," and in the 
 center, "I am the resurrection and the life; he that believeth in Me though he were 
 dead yet shall he live." 
 
 The dedication ceremonies of this beautiful temple of worship took place Febru- 
 ary 13, 1895, and were very impressive. Eev. Dr. Taylor delivered a logical and 
 eloquent dedicatory sermon from the text found in the twenty-fifth chapter of 
 Exodus and the eighth verse, "And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may 
 dwell among them." The building of the tabernacle in the wilderness was the 
 rock upon which idolatry was broken. God commanded them to build a sanctuary 
 that he might come to dwell among them. Every Christian church, from the little 
 wayside chapel to the great cathedral, tells us that God is with us and for us. 
 
 In closing. Dr. Taylor made a tender and touching allusion to the late 
 Eev. Dr. James B. Shaw, father of the pastor. In a sense he was standing in his 
 place, for, had this father been alive, he would have preached the dedicatory sermon. 
 
 A statement was read from the trustees showing that the contract price of the 
 church was $20,235. Extra work had been done and changes made in the specifica- 
 tions costing $1,644 — making the total amount paid Andrew Webster, the eon- 
 tractor, $21,869. The furnishing of , the church cost $5,609.45, which included the 
 heating, lighting, seatings, repairs to organ and $968.35 in fees and expenses to 
 the architect. With a few estimated items, for which bills had not been rendered, 
 the cost of the church to the trustees amounted to $27,846.45. In addition to this, 
 however, there had been furnished without expense to the trustees, two beautiful 
 memorial windows, the carpet, the copper on the roof and the Portland cement in 
 the walls, amounting in all to $2,309. This made the total cost of the church and 
 its furnishings $30,155.45. 
 
 20 
 
306 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The trustees of the church, who cairied on the work of building, are Messrs. 
 George W. Williams, president; WilHam D. VanHorn, secretary and treasurer; 
 George "W. Merrick, E. L. VanHom, E. B. Young and Leonard Harrison. Mr. Har- 
 rison, as president of the building committee, had direct supervision of the work, and 
 he faithfully devoted his time and taste to it for many months. 
 
 At the present time the membership is about 400. The Sunday-school is 
 under the superintendency of Arthur M. Eoy, assisted by L. H. Johnson; secretary, 
 H. E. Eaesly; treasurer, Mrs. E. B. Young; librarian. Miss Luella Deane. The 
 primary department, numbering about seventy-five, is under the management of Mrs. 
 Shaw, wife of the pastor, who has quite an aptitude for the work. The school 
 numbers about 375 scholars, and. the library contains 1,000 volumes. 
 
 FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 There were Methodists in what is now known as Delmar township in the very 
 beginning of the century, and several years before Wellsboro was founded. The 
 first church erected in the village was the Quaker Meeting House; the Methodists, 
 however, had regular preaching in and about the neighborhood before this. 
 From the meagre records that have been presorted, it appears that Eev. Caleb 
 Boyer and family came from Delaware, together with several other families, aad 
 settled near where Wellsboro now stands about 1802. They belonged to 
 the Delaware contingent attracted by the Pine Creek Land Company, of which 
 Benjamin Wistar Morris was the active agent. But as Morris and other settlers at 
 that time were Quakers, that denomination preceded all others. 
 
 History informs us that Eev. Boyer was one of the fifteen ordained ministers 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church then in North America. He did the first 
 preaching in Wellsboro and vicinity. Meetings were first held at private houses, 
 but it was some years before an organization was effected. Mr. Boyer, however, may 
 be regarded as the pioneer Methodist preacher in what afterwards became Tioga 
 county. 
 
 In those early times little headway seems to have been made by the Methodists, 
 as well as by other denominations. From the best information it appears that in 1830 
 Wellsboro was in the old Tioga circuit, which embraced all the territory within the 
 limits of the Troy district, and probably more. That year Eev. Hiram G. Warner 
 formed the first class in Wellsboro. Accounts state that the first year he was 
 assisted by the Eev. Mr. Moore, and the second year by Eev. Caleb Kendall. The 
 meetings were held in the original log court house, which stood nearly on the site 
 of the present building. 
 
 Among the members of the first class organized in 1820 were William Bache, Sr., 
 Mrs. Pamelia Coolidge, Capt. Israel Greenleaf, the Eevolutionary soldier who lies 
 in the abandoned cemetery on Academy Hill; Israel Kelsey, Mr. and Mrs. Kilbum, 
 and Hannah Cole. All of these have long since passed away. 
 
 Little or nothing of the history of the organization during its earlier years 
 has been preserved; but it is safe to say that its struggles were severe and that it 
 had many trials. In 1839-40 Eev. Eobert T. Hancock raised $3,000 toward build- 
 ing a church. His successor, Eev. I. K. Tuttle, continued the work and left it in an 
 advanced state, and was followed by Eev. Philo Tower, who carried forward the 
 building to completion, and the new edifice was dedicated by Eev. William E. Bab- 
 
WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 307 
 
 cock, presiding elder of the district. May 21, 1843. This was the second church 
 erected in Wellsboro. It cost about $3,000, and was regarded as a fine church for 
 that time. 
 
 Now that the society had a building of its own in which to worship, the mem- 
 bership increased more rapidly. A parsonage was soon afterward erected, Eev. 
 D. B. Lawson, the pastor, doing work on it with his own hands to the amount of 
 nearly $100. Like his esteemed contemporary, the Eev. J. P. Calkins, of the 
 Presbyterian church, he was not above setting an example for others. He was 
 followed by Eevs. Samuel Nichols, William Manning, James Landreth, A. "W. Staples 
 and others. 
 
 The church gradually gathered strength. In 1850 many conversions and addi- 
 tions to the membership occurred under the pastorate of Eev. C. Nash. He was 
 succeeded by Eev. W. C. Mattison, and the interest in church affairs was kept up. 
 In 1867 Eev. 0. L. Gibson was appointed to the charge. Debts in the meantime 
 had accumulated against the church during the wax, when a subscription paper was 
 circulated by Isaac Sears, and so liberally signed that the debt of $1,000 was pro- 
 vided for and $300 left to repair the church. The first Sunday the church was used 
 after these improvements was November 17, 1867; and while the services were in 
 progress the building was discovered to be on fire, and despite the efforts of the con- 
 gregation and others, it burned to the ground. This was a hard blow, but the mem- 
 bers were not wholly discouraged. Mr. Gibson, who had been assisting in 
 holding revival meetings for two or three weeks and was presented with $35, gener- 
 ously refused its acceptance, but insisted that it should be placed with the insurance 
 to assist in making up a fimd of $3,500. This was done, and that amount secured 
 to the church, served as a nucleus around which to gather funds for a new building. 
 Through the persistent labors of the pastor and members, aided by a generous out- 
 side support, a substantial brick building, costing $35,000, was erected, and Novem- 
 ber 17, 1869 — ^two years to a day from the time of the burning — ^was dedicated by 
 Eev. K. P. Jervis. This was a great triumph for the congregation after their mis- 
 fortune. 
 
 The records show that the pastors since the present building was dedicated, 
 when Eev. 0. L. Gibson was in charge, have been as follows: Eevs. D. D. Buck, from 
 October, 1870, to October, 1873; W. M. Henry, 1873-4; Thomas Stacy, 1874-76; 
 D. D. Buck, 1876-78; K. P. Jervis, 1878-79; E. H. Lattimer, 1879-83; James 
 Moss, 1883-85; S. W. Lloyd, 1885-88; 0. S. Chamberlayn, 1888-93; Dr. C. W. 
 Gushing, 1893-97. 
 
 The church has a membership of about 363. In the Sunday-school there is an 
 average of about 180 pupils. The church belongs to the Genesee Conference. 
 
 FIEST BAPTIST CHUECH. 
 
 The few Baptists residing in Wellsboro had frequently talked about making 
 an effort to organize a society, but it was not accomplished until July 33, 1866, 
 when Eev. D. E. McDermond, of Tioga, preached in the court house, and on Monday 
 evening following a prayer meeting was started, which was maintained until March 
 19, 1868, when N. L. Eeynolds, then pastor at Blossburg, preached in Bunnell Hall, 
 and at the close of the sermon steps were taken towards the formation of a church. 
 A vote was taken, and the large audience present, composed of representatives 
 
308 HISTOEY OV TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of the different churches, unanimously voted in favor of the movement. Twenty- 
 six persons then present expressed a desire to unite in the organization and resolved 
 to establish the First Baptist Church of Wellsboro. 
 
 The following charter members appear in the record: Victor H. Elliott, 
 Josephine Elliott, Julia Wheeler, P. C. Van Gelder, Mrs. S. L. Van Gelder, Mary 
 E. Kelsey, Mrs. S. H. Shearer, Charles Williams, Sarah Williams, P. Irene Eastman, 
 Eobert Trull, Eachel Trull, Mrs. Sarah H. Bowen, John B. Shakespeare, William 
 Bowen, H. C. Bailey, Mrs. M. L. Bailey, Uriah Danks, Amy Banks, Mrs. Maria 
 Bowen, Mrs. Samantha Hastings, Mrs. Sarah Jackson, Abigail Beecher, Calvin B. 
 Kelley, Isabella Kelley, Ida Stoddard. Many of the foregoing are now deceased, 
 and others have moved away. 
 
 May 2, 1868, the usual declaration of faith, covenant and rules of order were 
 adopted by the new church as the basis of its organization. An agreement having 
 been entered into between the Wellsboro church and the Delmar church, whereby 
 they were jointly to enjoy the labors and give support to a pastor, they imited in 
 a call to Rev. W. A. Smith, of New Jersey, the agreement being that each church 
 was to pay $500 and a donation per year, the pastor to preach to the Wellsboro 
 church in the morning and to the Delmar church in the afternoon. This call was 
 accepted June 1, 1868. A Sunday school was organized on the 26th of July follow- 
 ing, with H. C. Bailey as superintendent. After being formally organized, July 
 39, 1868, the church was received into the Tioga Association in a meeting of that 
 body at Tioga August 26 and 27, 1868. On the 1st of September of this year the 
 church purchased the building then known as Bunnell Hall for use as a place of 
 worship, agreeing to pay $1,100 for the property, and continued to occupy it until 
 the erection of the present building in 1884. 
 
 At a meeting held April 5, 1869, the resignation of the pastor was received 
 and accepted. On May 21st Eev. S. M.Broakman was made pastor pro tern.; and 
 on April 1, 1870, Eev. C. A. Stone began his labors as pastor, and served the church 
 as such about nine months. In that year the records show a membership of 
 forty-nine. 
 
 At a special meeting held March 19, 1871, the unanimous call of the church 
 was extended to Eev. N. L. Reynolds, of Blossburg, to become its pastor. The call 
 was accepted; $200 of the salary of $1,000, being an appropriation from the General 
 Association of the State. Mr. Eeynolds commenced his pastorate May 30, 1871. 
 The church grew rapidly in strength. In August, 1873, there was a membership 
 of ninety-four, and the following year it had reached 113. 
 
 Under date of June 6, 1873, the First Baptist Church was incorporated by 
 decree of court, the following persons appearing as charter members: N. L. Eeynolds, 
 Eobert Trull, A. C. Winters, IST. T. Chandler, A. B. Eastman, Henry Freeze, Mrs. 
 M. B. Shearer, Mrs. Maria Bowen, Julia Wheeler, Calvin B. Kelley. 
 
 At a special meeting held l^^ovember 8, 1875, E. B. Campbell, of Williamsport, 
 was present, and made for himself and John E. Bowen, of Wellsboro, a formal 
 presentation of the lot on which the present church building stands. The oSer 
 was graciously accepted and a committee appointed to prepare plans and devise ways 
 and means for the erection of a church. But as the time had not come for carrying 
 out the plan it was deferred to a more convenient season. In the meantime the 
 accessions to the membership increased, and in August, 1878, they had reached 154. 
 
WELLSBOHO (CONTINUED). 309 
 
 Sunday, December 7, 1879, the pastor ofEered his resignation with the request 
 that he be released on January 1, 1880. The resignation was very reluctantly 
 accepted. He had served the church with great acceptance and profit for nine 
 years. He found it with a membership of forty-nine and left it with 169. 
 
 On January 12, 1880, Rev. Isaac E. Howd, of Waterville, New York, was called 
 to the pastorate, which he resigned after a service of seven and one-half months. 
 The pulpit was supplied for the balance of the associational year by Eevs. E. L. 
 Mills and D. T. Van Dorn. The record shows that on October 37th of this year, 
 Eev. Abner Morrill, of Painted Post, was engaged to serve the church as pastor. 
 His relation continued for fourteen months. Sunday, April 8, 1883, Rev. S. F. 
 Mathews began his work as pastor, the interval between the closing of the last and 
 the beginning of the new pastorate being filled by Rev. V. P. Mather, then pastor 
 of the Charleston church — preaching in the evening. 
 
 During the summer of 1883 the question of building a suitable house of 
 worship was agitated, and resulted in the adoption of a resolution that as soon as 
 the means could be provided, including the sale of the property then owned and 
 occupied by the church, to aid in defraying the expense, the enterprise should be 
 undertaken; and on the 27th of September the building committee was authorized 
 to obtain plans and specifications for a building, the cost of which was not to exceed 
 $4,500. December 6th following the contract was let and the work was carried on 
 through the winter of 1883 and summer of 1884, and the church was completed in 
 September of that year. The new building was dedicated September 11, 1884, Rev. 
 George Cooper, D. D., of "Williamsport, preaching the dedication sermon, and to 
 the encouragement of all it was dedicated free of debt, and there was $103.66 left 
 in the treasury. William Bache subscribed $1,000, and Mrs. Bache $500, toward 
 the fund for the new building. 
 
 On April 1, 1889, Mr. Mathews tendered his resignation to take effect July 
 1st. He had served the church for over six years and he was esteemed a faithful 
 and zealous minister. The pulpit remained vacant until October following, when 
 Eev. E. B. Cornell accepted a call which had been made on him August 26, 1889. 
 Mr. Cornell took charge November 3, 1889, and remained until March 24, 1892. He 
 was succeeded by Rev. J. L. Williams in September, 1892, who served the congrega- 
 tion till October 26, 1895, when he retired. A call was then made on Rev. N. L. 
 Reynolds, the present pastor, at Pueblo, Colorado, to return to his old charge. He 
 accepted, returned to Wellsboro, and Sunday, December 8, 1895, preached his first 
 sermon after having been absent for sixteen years 
 
 The church now has a membership of 373. The Sunday school numbers 225 
 scholars, under the superintendeney of N. T. Chandler, who has served in that 
 capacity for twenty-five years. The library consists of 573 volumes. 
 
 ST. peteb's catholic chuech. 
 
 This church is the successor of St. John's Catholic Society, organized in 
 August, 1873, by Bishop O'Hara, of Scranton. Within a year it numbered seventy- 
 five members. Monthly services were held in Converse Hall, the ofiiciating priests 
 being Rev. John A. Wynne and Rev. John C. McDermott, of Blossburg. In 1879 
 it was made a parish church, there having been a large increase of membership. It 
 was then named St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, and Rev. John C. McDermott 
 
310 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTTNTY. 
 
 placed in charge as pastor. In 1881 the old Academy building and grounds in the 
 southern part of the borough, were purchased, and the building remodeled, at a cost 
 of $1,200, so as to meet the needs of the congregation. A parsonage was also pur- 
 chased at a cost of $1,000, and put in proper repair. Through the energy and 
 business ability of Father McDermott, the money to meet these large expenditures 
 was raised and the church and parsonage freed from debt. He also had charge 
 of the mission churches at Tioga and Antrim, and at the latter place erected a 
 church in 1877 costing $3,000. 
 
 In November, 1883, Father McDermott was succeeded as pastor of St. Peter's 
 church by Rev. M. E. Lynott, during whose pastorate the new Catholic Cemetery, 
 embracing eight acres of ground, in the southern part of the borough, was established, 
 and a church building costing $6,000 erected at Hoytville. This church and grounds 
 were damaged by the flood of June, 1889, necessitating a further expenditure of 
 $600 for repairs. The erection of the present parish residence, opposite the church 
 in Wellsboro, was also begun by Father Lynott, who was succeeded November 12, 
 1890, by Eev. M. J. Manly, the present pastor. In 1891 he completed the parish 
 residence, which is a handsome two-story frame edifice, commodious, comfortable 
 and well furnished. It cost $4,500. Since Father Manly took charge the church 
 has been remodeled, a bell purchased, as well as statuary and paintings for interior 
 decoration. The grounds have also been graded and carriage sheds built. The 
 outlay for these various improvements has been between $4,000 and $5,000. The 
 church at Antrim has been frescoed and a bell purchased, and the church at Tioga, 
 which was damaged by the June flood of 1889, repaired. 
 
 In addition to his duties as pastor of the church in Wellsboro, Father Manly 
 has under his charge the mission churches at Tioga, Antrim and Hoytville, and also 
 the missions without churches at Elkland, Osceola, Knoxville, Westfield, Potter 
 Brook, Gaines, Gurnee, Leetonia, Blackwells, Tiadaghton, Hammond, East Charles- 
 ton, Lamb's Creek, Nauvoo and Stephensville, all within the confines of Tioga ' 
 county. 
 
 In the discharge of his manifold duties Father Manly has endeared himself to 
 the members of the Catholic faith throughout the county. He is able, ardent, 
 enthusiastic and tireless in his efforts to forward the interests of his parish, and has 
 many warm friends outside of his own faith. During his pastorate St. Petef s 
 chiirch has prospered. It maintains a Sunday-school with an average attendance 
 of over 100, of which William B. Sullivan is superintendent and Miss Bessie Meehan 
 assistant. 
 
 THE FEEE WILL BAPTIST CHUKCH. 
 
 This society was incorporated August 28, 1882, by Eev. 0. C. Hills, Wellsboro; 
 Albert Saxbury and James Crampton, Chatham Valley; James A. Warriner, Stony 
 Fork; J. C. Warren, Mansfield, and C. D. Clark. A lot was purchased and a church 
 building erected, about 1886, on the northeast corner of East avenue and Cone 
 streets. Eev. 0. C. Hills, the first pastor, served about five years. His successor, 
 Eev. Mr. Cook, served about a year and a half. He was succeeded by Eev. Mr. 
 Cloud, who served until 1893, since which time the church has had no pastor, 
 though occasional services are held. 
 
WBLLSBOEO (CONTINUED). oil 
 
 CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The early settlers in and around Wellsboro buried their dead in the "half acre" 
 adjoining the old Academy on the hill, set apart for that purpose by Benjamin 
 Wistar Morris. The site was elevated and the view to be obtained from it charm- 
 ingly picturesque. It was then "in the country," but in time the borough grew to, 
 around and beyond it, until now it is near the centre of the corporate limits. 
 
 When it was first selected as a place of interment it was doubtless thought large 
 enough to answer as a graveyard for many years. In time, however, its limited area 
 began to be crowded. Its proximity to the Academy was objectionable, and the 
 students complained that it afEected their health. Except in a few instances, its 
 graves were uncared for, and were overgrown with weeds and brambles. Being 
 unfenced, it was a common, open to the incursions of domestic animals and of such 
 wild ones as still lurked around the village. Its neglected condition was at last 
 brought to the attention of the borough council, and in 1837 that body appropriated 
 $35 for the purpose of inclosing it with a fence. 
 
 The necessity for a new burial place was admitted as early as 1840, but did not 
 manifest itself in any practical way until several years later. Many were reluctant to 
 abandon the old graveyard, while others were opposed to the removal therefrom 
 of the remains of their relatives. To them the place was, and would ever remain, a 
 sacred spot, hallowed by the tenderest memories. 
 
 There is no record to inform us whose remains were the first to be buried here, 
 but burials doubtless began soon after the laying out of the village. Many of the 
 graves are now unmarked, the gravestones erected by loving hands having fallen 
 into ruin years ago. Native stone was used to mark the earlier graves, and it was 
 more susceptible to the action of the elements than marble; but it is possible that van- 
 dalism had something to do with the overturning and breaking of not a few head- 
 stones, owing to the unfenced and unprotected character of the place. 
 
 A number of the undisturbed graves are marked by marble slabs. From a few of 
 these the inscriptions have been copied, as follows: 
 
 Col. Isaac Field, died Augnst 9, 1828, in the forty-seventli year of his ag'e. 
 David Henry, Jr., died July 6, 1850, aged sixty-seven years, eleven months and twenty- 
 two days. 
 
 James Henry, died September 30, 1849, aged sixty years and two days. 
 Rufus Butler, died December 6, 1847, aged seventy-four years and eleven months. 
 Isabel, his wife, died March 5, 1842, aged sixty-four years, five months and seven days. 
 
 Joseph Thompson, a Revolutionary patriot, died November 33, 1842, aged eighty-five 
 years, ten months and eighteen days. 
 
 Dertus Morsman, died August 30, 1847, aged forty-four years, seven months and four- 
 teen days. 
 
 Daniel Eitter, died June 15, 1843, aged forty-two years, eight months and two days. 
 David Hurley, died September 14, 1854, aged fifty-eight years, one month and six- 
 teen days. 
 
 Amos Coolidge, died May 16, 1851, aged sixty years, seven months and twelve days. 
 Jonathan Webster, Botanic Physician, died August 15, 1843, aged forty-three years, 
 eight months and eleven days. Milly, his wife, died April 8, 1848, aged forty-eight 
 years, seven months and nine days. 
 
 Israel Greenleaf, a Eevolutionary soldier, died June 1, 1847, aged eighty-two years. 
 Sarah, his wife, died March 8, 1840, aged seventy years. 
 
312 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 It will be observed that two of these graves contain the remains of Eevolutionary 
 soldiers. Although each grave is marked by a modest marble slab, it is, nevertheless, 
 neglected and overgrown with brambles, a condition that ought to appeal to the 
 patriotism that exists, and has always existed in Wellsboro, and that, even at 
 this late day, should rescue these graves from the ruin and neglect of this old-time 
 burying ground. These heroes of the struggle that achieved our independence and 
 made our present greatness as a republic possible, deserve at least a modest monu- 
 ment to rescue their names from oblivion. The erection of such a monument and its 
 dedication on Independence Day would be a fitting tribute to their memory and 
 would serve to keep alive the spirit of patriotism, that rightly fostered, will not neg- 
 lect a little duty, any more than it will shrink from a great sacrifice. 
 
 The Wellsboro Cemetery was incorporated under authority of an act of assembly, 
 approved April 7, 1849, the original members being Benjamin B. Smith, E. G. White, 
 George McLeod, John W. Guernsey, John L. Kobinson, Josiah Emery, WilHam 
 Bache, James Lowrey and Levi I. Nichols. The incorporation was "authorized 
 to purchase a lot of land, not exceeding ten acres, and lay out and ornament the 
 same." 
 
 It appears that for several years after the incorporation of this company nothiag 
 was done toward securing a new cemetery site. In the meantime some of the 
 iucorporators died and were buried in the old graveyard. On April 36, 1855, a 
 supplementary act was approved, substituting Chester Eobinson, William Bache, 
 George McLeod, Stephen F. Wilson, S. E. Ensworth, James I. Jackson, Joseph 
 EiberoUe, Levi I. Nichols and Peter Green for the original incorporators. 
 
 The new company acted promptly. About nine and one-half acres of land, 
 north of the borough limits, as they then existed, were purchased from Stephen F. 
 Wilson and Mrs. Timothy Coats. The location, which embraces a grove of pines, 
 is very beautiful, and had it not been set apart for a cemetery would have been a 
 model one for a park. This land was purchased in 1855, and the same year B. F. 
 Hathaway, of Flushing, Long Island, an experienced landscape gardner, was em- 
 ployed to survey and lay it out. This work he performed in a satisfactory manner, 
 laying off 439 burial lots, besides walks and drives. Later 109 lots were added from 
 ground remaining undivided. Over $12,000 were expended by the company in 
 the work of purchasing and preparing this beautiful cemetery for its silent tenants. 
 Two acres more were afterwards added, to be ready for future use. Mr. Hathaway 
 made an accurate map of the grounds, which was copied carefully and correctly by 
 James S. Bryden, who selected a lot for himself on a knoll or hillock. Soon after 
 finishing the copy of the map he was suddenly taken ill, and died March 16, 1856, 
 aged thirty-five years. He was buried in the lot he had selected and was the first 
 person to be interred in the new cemetery. His connection with the work of prepar- 
 ing the map, and his sudden illness and death, as well perhaps as a desire to witness 
 the first burial in the new grounds, resulted in his funeral being very largely 
 attended, and the facts in connection with his death being made a topic of talk 
 throughout the borough. 
 
 The natural beauty of this cemetery has been enhanced by the artistic taste 
 displayed in laying out its driveways and walks, as well as by the many sightly monu- 
 ments and tablets of marble and granite that mark the graves of the sleeping dead, 
 a number of whoifi were removed hither from the old graveyard on the hill. 
 
WELLSBOEO' (cONTINTJBD). g-j^Q 
 
 There is one tomb within this cemetery that is at once noticeable and unique. 
 It was erected several years ago by Hon. Stephen F. Wilson, for the reception of 
 his remains after death. It is built of gray stone, in the form of a log cabin, and is 
 a faithful reproduction in its exterior appearance of the primitive home of the rugged 
 pioneers of the early day. In striking contrast with it is the uncut shaft of native 
 sandstone that, in its suggestiveness, typifies the character of that courageous minis- 
 ter of the gospel, Eev. J. F. Calkins. The bronze likeness of "Nessmuk" set in the 
 granite block that marks his grave, attracts the notice of the visitor and leads him 
 to ask whose memory it is intended to keep alive in the minds of the living. In 
 the northeast corner of the cemetery will be found the plain marble headstones that 
 mark the graves of Benjamin Wistar Morris and his wife, as well as those of Judge 
 Samuel "Wells Morris, his wife and a daughter. Their remains were among those 
 removed from the old graveyard adjoiniug the Academy. The monuments and 
 tablets erected during recent years are mostly granite, and are noticeable for their 
 massive and enduring character, as well as for an adherence to artistic and appro- 
 priate designs. 
 
 A competent man has charge of this cemetery and the graves are all well taken 
 care of the year round. During the summer months, when the trees are in full 
 foliage and the flowers are in bloom, it is a really beautiful place, and is daily visited 
 by those whose loved ones lie sleeping in its graves, as well as by strangers, who 
 wander among its many monuments and glean from their inscriptions the brief 
 history which they give of the "silent city's" tenants. 
 
 Calvary Cemetery is situated in the southern part of the borough limits, and 
 is the burial ground for St. Peter's Eoman Catholic Church. It contains eight 
 acres, purchased in April, 1883, from N"elson Dunham, for $500, and deeded to Eight 
 Eeverend Bishop O'Hara. It is neatly laid out in burial lots, drives and walks, 
 and contains a number of handsome marble and granite gravestones and monu- 
 ments. The location is elevated and overlooks the borough. This cemetery is 
 well taken care of, and will in time be a reaUy beautiful burial place. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Tyoga Lodge, No. 230, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized February 15, 1847, with the 
 following officers: Eobert C. Simpson, E". G.; William Garretson, V. G.; James 
 P. Magill, S.; James S. Bryden, A. S., and James D. Booth, T. The lodge main- 
 tained its existence for about ten years and then went down. In the spring of 1871 
 a sufficient number of the old members petitioned the grand lodge for a return of 
 the charter. It was returned April 13, 1871, and the lodge reorganized, with the 
 following officers: Andrew Foley, K. G.; H. W. Dartt, V. G.; If. T. Chandler, S., 
 and Joseph EiberoUe, T. The lodge now numbers 190 members. 
 
 Wellsboro Encampment, No. 78, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted April 10, 1848, with 
 the following officers: John S. Williston, C. P.; James S. Bryden, H. P.; John F. 
 Donaldson, S. W.; Edward W. Eoss, J. W.; Simon H. Landis, S.; Joseph Weaver, 
 T.; L. B. Eeynolds, G. The encampment surrendered its charter about 1856 or 
 1857, and was re-instituted under the same charter March 37, 1873, the grand 
 encampment officers of the State being present. The officers installed were: A. 
 Foley, C. P.; Eobert C. Simpson, H. P.; E. J. Brown, S. W.; E". T. Chandler, J. W.; 
 
314 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Hiram W. Dartt, S.; Joseph EiberoUe, T.; George 0. Derby, G. The present mem- 
 hership is sixty-seven. 
 
 Canton Keystone, No. 6, Patriarchs Militant, I. 0. 0. F., mustered March 13, 
 1886. The first officers were as follows: E. C. Deans, C; Frank A. Deans, L.; 
 Charles A. Sweet, E.; B. F. Milliken, C; A. C. Eowland, A. There are now about 
 forty members. This and the two preceding societies meet in the Odd Fellows' 
 hall in the Jacobson block. 
 
 Ossea Lodge, No. S17, F. & A. M., was constituted January 11, 1858, with the 
 following officers: Ebenezer Pratt, W. M.; William A. Eoe, S. W.; William Eoberts, 
 J. W.; James Kimball, T.; Thomas B. Bryden, S.; Eobert Eoy, S. D.; Angus 
 Griffiin, J. D., and Hubbard Carpenter, T. The lodge now numbers 115 members. 
 For a number of years previous to May, 1894, the lodge met in the Masonic hall in 
 the Williams block. With the beginning of 1894, the lodge secured a lease of Annan- 
 dale hall, previously used as an opera house, in the Simpson block. This was 
 remodeled for the use of the lodge, the chapter and the commandery, the main 
 auditorium being set apart as a hall, with ante rooms and club rooms at the rear. The 
 gallery was inclosed and transformed into a dining-room. The lodge hall is two 
 stories from floor to ceiling, the latter being studded with forty-eight thirty-two 
 candle power electric lights. A rich velvet carpet covers the floor. The furniture 
 is antique oak of massive Gothic design, the officers' chairs and the settees occu- 
 pied by the members being upholstered in leather. This hall, now known as the 
 Masonic Temple, is regarded as one of the largest and most finely furnished in the 
 State, and those who enjoy the privilege of meeting in it are justly proud of its 
 reputation as a model Masonic hall. 
 
 Tyoga Chapter, No. IH, R. A. M., was constituted August 15, 1859. The fol- 
 lowing were the first officers: Eobert C. Simpson, H. P.; William Butler, K.; A. W. 
 Howland, S.; William Eoberts, T.; Thomas B. Bryden, S., and Hubbard Carpenter, 
 T. The chapter now numbers fifty-five members. 
 
 TyagagUon Commandery, No. 28, E. T., was constituted June 12, 1867, with 
 the following officers: Eobert C. Simpson, E. C; William Eoberts, G.; Andrew 
 Foley, C. G.; M. H. Cobb, P.; Eobert Eoy, T., and Thomas B. Bryden, S. The 
 present membership is sixty-five. 
 
 George Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. E., was first organized February 6, 1873, as 
 Cook Post, ISTo. 334, with the following officers and members: Alanson E. Mies, 
 C; E. Jeffers, S. V. C; George 0. Derby, J. V. C; Daniel Bacon, S.; Eev. D. D. 
 Buck, C; George W. Merrick, 0. D.; E. J. Henry, 0. G.; H. D. Deming, A.; 
 Lucius Truman, Q. M.; George W. Sears, Q. M. S.; E. C. Bailey, S. M., and WiUiam 
 S. Hoagland, Eobert C. Cox, Benjamin Seeley, J. A. Hill, James M. Wilkinson, W. W. 
 Webb and E. Whitney. Lack of sufficient numbers caused the post to lapse for a 
 time. In March, 1883, it was re-organized as Cook Post, Ko. 315, with the fol- 
 lowing officers: John A. Fletcher, C; Jonathaji V. Morgan, S. V. C; Edwin B. 
 Carvey, J. V. C; David H. Belcher, Q. M.; Daniel Bacon, S.; J. W. Brewster, C; 
 A. E. ISTiles, 0. D.; Joseph 0. English, 0. G.; John H. Buckley, A.; Sylvester 
 Houghton, Q. M. S., and Samuel D. Evans, S. M. The post now numbers about 
 125 members. In 1884 the post purchased the old Baptist church building and a 
 lot on the east side of Main street, north of the public square. The building was 
 fitted up for the use of the post, the whole investment being about $1,500. It is 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 3]^5 
 
 also the meeting place of the Union Veteran Legion, and the Woman's Belief Corps. 
 Sometime after the re-organization, by amendment to the charter, the name was 
 changed to George Cook Post. 
 
 George Cook Corps, No. 88, W. R. G., was organized July 14, 1887, with seven- 
 teen members. The first officers were as follows: Mrs. Antoinette Horton, P.; Mrs. 
 Catherine Denmark, S. V. P.; Mrs. Albina Houghton, J. V. P.; Mrs. Belle M. 
 Allen, S.; Mrs. Mary M. Miller, T., and Mrs. Isabella E. Boyce, C. There are now 
 fifty-eight members. The corps meets in George Cook Post hall. 
 
 Tioga County Association of Ex-Union Prisoners of War was organized Peb- 
 ruary 36, 1886, with the following officers and members: Jonathan Y. Morgan, P.; 
 James 0. English, V. P.; D. H. Belcher, S.; L. Trumau, T., and Peter D. Wal- 
 bridge, Henry H. Smith, A. B. Horton, John J. Johnson, S. D. Moore and J. D. 
 Strait. There are now thirty-one members. Owing to its members being scat- 
 tered over the county no stated meetings are held, the members coming together, 
 upon the call of the president, Jonathan V. Morgan, who has held that office since 
 the organization. 
 
 Encampment No. 105, Union Veteran Legion, was organized May 2, 1893, with 
 the following officers and members: George A. Ludlow, Col.; Thomas J. Davies, 
 Lt. Col.; J. H. Buckley, Chap.; J. J. Eogers, Maj.; J. V. Morgan, 0. D.; W. W. 
 English, Q. M., and E. E. Allen, E. T. Kelley, J. C. Kriner, Alexander Leslie, D. H. 
 Hotchkiss, J. H. Eobbins, H. T. Graves, Bernhartt Metzgar, D. E. Bowen, David 
 Hart, Ephraim JefEers, John Fletcher, and Vihemus Culver. The following have 
 served as colonels of the encampment: George A. Ludlow, 1893-93; Ephraim 
 Jeffers, 1894; Koah Wheeler, 1895; J. C. Herrington, 1896, and Jonathan V. 
 Morgan, 1897. There are now sixty-eight members. The encampment meets in 
 George Cook Post hall. 
 
 Wellsloro Lodge, No. 949, K. of H., was organized March 17, 1879, with twenty 
 members. It meets in the Converse & Williams block and now has twenty-five 
 members. 
 
 Wellsioro Lodge, No. 72, 1. 0. G. T., was organized April 9, 1887, with twenty 
 members. The first officers were as follows: H. D. Gifford, W. C. T.; Mrs. F. A. 
 Johnson, W. V. T.; C. W. Sears, W. C; Prank Watkins, W. S.; Mrs. C. H. Strait, 
 W. A. S.; William G. Shaw, W. P. S.; E. A. Johnson, W. T.; James Vandusen, 
 W. M.; Mrs. H. G. Ireland, W. I. G.; G. W. Merrick, P. W. C. T. This lodge now 
 numbers about sixty-eight members in good standing. 
 
 Wellsioro Tent, No. 152, K. 0. T. M., held its first review February 34, 1893, 
 when twenty-one persons became charter members. A charter was secured April 
 15, 1893. The first officers were: A. A. Schand, P. C; D. W. Navle, C; George 
 A. Weller, L. C; S. L. Blair, E. K.; Charles E. Grinnell, P. K.; N". W. Mastin, 
 Phy.; James Cummings, S.; Walter Brooks, M. at A.; S. L. Baker, M. F. of G.; 
 D. C. Hughes, S. M. of G.; W. D. Furman, S.; D. J. Jackson, P. The tent is in a 
 flourishing condition at the present time, and the membership exceeds sixty. 
 
 Wellsioro Hive, No. 45, L.O.T. M., was organized March 39, 1894, with twenty- 
 eight charter members. The first officers elected were as follows: Mrs. A. B. East- 
 man, L. P. C; Mrs. A. A. Schand, P. C; Mrs. 0. L. Butts, L. C; Mrs. Belle M. 
 Allen, E. C; Miss Minnie E. Burgin, P. C; Mrs. Frank Baldwin, C; Mrs. C. C. 
 
316 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 Kirtland, S.; Miss Anna Abemathy, L. M. at A.; Mrs. Eobert Loyd, S.; Mrs. G. A. 
 Weller, P. The hive now numbers thirty-three members. 
 
 Division No. 5, A. 0. H., was organized April 32, 1894, with fifteen members. 
 Its first officers were as follows: M. P. Moran, P.; W. B. Sullivan, V. P.; H. L. 
 Kerwin, S.; M. J. McMahon, F. S., and E. J. Eogers, T. Its meetings are held in the 
 K. of H. hall. The county organization of this order numbers about 300 members. 
 
 wellsboeough's militaet band. 
 
 The first "Brass Band" in the county was the "Charleston Band," organized 
 about 1850. Its leader was the late Col. Alanson E. Mies, the other members 
 being as follows: Nathan and Nelson Austin, Sylvester Kelley, Lewis, Job and 
 Almon "Wetmore, Henry Dockstadter and Henry Dartt, all residents of Charleston 
 township. This band maintained its organization for four or five years and fre- 
 quently made its appearance in Wellsboro, being called upon to furnish music for 
 public celebrations and festal occasions. Then came the Wetmore Band, composed 
 of Louis, Job, Almon and Philip Wetmore. This was, however, a string band, 
 organized mainly for the purpose of furnishing music for dances and other social 
 merry-makings. When the Civil War came Job and Almon enlisted in Company 
 H, Sixth Eeserves, and were soon assigned to the First Brigade Band, Pennsylvania 
 Eeserves. Philip, who enlisted soon afterwards, did duty as a member of the 
 Forty-fifth Eegimental Band, and later as a bugler in the One Hundred and Eighty- 
 seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers. After the close of the war this band was re- 
 organized and continued in existence until 1880. 
 
 In 1870 a small brass band was organized in Wellsboro. Among its members 
 were Arthur M. Eoy, Frank A. Deans, and Job, Lewis and Almon Wetmore. It 
 lasted two years. During the intervening years it has had a number of successors, 
 the most notable being the Fire Department Band, organized in 1881; the Apollo 
 Band, organized in 1883, and incorporated; the Academic Literary Society Band, 
 and the Wellsboro Band, organized in 1896, and recently re-named Wellsborough's 
 Military Band. From 1878 to 1880 Prof. Fred Hager, of Elmira, New York, was 
 employed as instructor of the band then existing and brought it up to a high 
 standard of excellence. In the meantime the Fisehler brothers, all excellent 
 musicians, had organized an orchestra. From these various bands have gone 
 forth a number of noted players on wind and string instruments, prominent among 
 whom is John D. VanOsten, the celebrated trombone player. 
 
 The band as now organized consists of thirty pieces. The instruments are 
 the finest obtainable, and the individual members are all excellent musicians. 
 Frank A. Deans, the leader, has been identified, as member and leader, with the 
 various Wellsboro bands, since 1870. He has all the qualifications for successful 
 leadership and has brought the band up to a high standard of excellence, until it 
 ranks among the best bands in the State. The people of Wellsboro take a Just 
 pride in it and accord it a generous support. 
 
CHAPTEK XX. 
 
 WBLLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Tioga Pioneer— Its Editors and Publishers— Removal to Tioga— Early 
 Advertisements— The Phoenix Appears— The Tioga Herald— George Hil- 
 dreth, the Old-Time Printer— The Wellsboro Advertiser— The Wells- 
 BORO Agitator— The Daily Record— The Tioga Eagle and its Successors 
 —The Wellsboro Gazette— The Tioga Banner— The Hermaic Journal— 
 The Tioga County Leader— The Republican Advocate— A Noted Corre- 
 spondent. 
 
 THE first newspaper published in Tioga county made its appearance in Wellsboro, 
 December 3, 1825. It was named The Tioga Pioneer, and its publishers were 
 Eankin Lewis & Company. Eankin Lewis, whose name appears as "printer" in 
 the assessment list of 1826, was in charge of the mechanical department. His 
 uncle, Ellis Lewis, the other member of the partnership, and the editor, was a young 
 attorney who had just located in Wellsboro. He was also a practical printer and 
 had for a short time, while living in Williamsport, been connected with the Lycoming 
 Gazette. The plant of the Tioga Pioneer consisted of a Eamage press — there were 
 no others in those days — which had been secured at Sunbury and transported over 
 the State road from Williamsport, together with a small quantity of type and other 
 requisite material. The paper itself, which, considering the primitive condition 
 of the town and county, was appropriately named, was a folio sheet, with four 
 columns to the page, and bore this expressive motto under its name: "Knowledge 
 is power — is wealth — ^is happiness." That it created a sensation among the few 
 inhabitants of the town is not doubted, and they hailed its appearance as a harbinger 
 of better times. Judge Morris, John Norris and other leading men of the village 
 gave the enterprising young publishers their support and encouragement. They 
 now felt that they were on a par with Williamsport, although the Lycoming Gazette 
 had been founded in 1801, twenty-four years before. 
 
 That the Tioga Pioneer encountered many difficulties and discouragements 
 at first, and was irregular in making its appearance, there is no doubt.' Such was 
 the fate of all enterprises of this kind started on the verge of civilization. The 
 terms of the paper were $1.50 in advance; $2 at the end of six months, and $3 if 
 not paid until the end of the year. 
 
 The connection of Ellis Lewis with the Tioga Pioneer appears to have lasted 
 about two years. Early in 1827 the plant was removed to Tioga and the publication 
 continued there under the old name and firm, with William Garretson as editor, until 
 1828, when it was purchased by Eev. Elisha Booth and its name changed to the 
 Northern Banner. The removal to Tioga was brought about by Dr. William Willard 
 and his friends, who were also ambitious of having the county seat removed to their 
 town. After the removal of the paper to Tioga and its purchase by Eev. Elisha 
 Booth, William Garretson became the editor. 
 
318 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 During the two years the paper was in Wellsboro, Ellis Lewis was deep in the 
 law, and had little or no time to devote to newspaper work. It will be seen by 
 reference to his biographical sketch that he was politically ambitious; that he was 
 living in Towanda in 1828 and in 1833 had become a member of the legislature, 
 attorney general of the State in 1833, and before the year was out he was appointed 
 a president judge. He was then only about thirty-five years of age. The time and 
 effort he devoted to founding and editing a newspaper may have been the stepping 
 stone to his political and judicial preferment. He gave aid and comfort to Governor 
 Wolf, who showed his gratitude by rewarding him. 
 
 Copies of this old paper are very scarce. A copy before us, No. 7, of Vol. H, 
 is dated "Wellsboro, Saturday, January 13, 1827, from which, figuring back, it appears 
 that the first number of Vol. 1 must have been issued December 3, 1835. Another 
 copy (No. 34, of Vol. II), is dated Saturday, May 19, 1837. Both of these copies 
 may be found among the collection of old papers owned by Arthur M. Eoy, one of 
 the editors and publishers of the Agitator. 
 
 The following advertisement, signed by Hobart B. Graves, and dated Willards- 
 burg, March 5, 1837, is taken from the issue of Saturday, August 18, 1827: 
 
 The subscriber has established a distillery in the villag-e of Williardsburg, for the 
 purpose of manufacturing -whiskey, which he is determined shall not be exceeded, If 
 equalled, in point of quality by any made or offered for sale in this region of country, and 
 will exchange for rye or corn on reasonable terms. 
 
 All things are good that he can mash. 
 But none so good as grain or cash. 
 
 There is also a notice signed by the publishers, Eankin Lewis & Company, to 
 the effect that "wheat, rye and oats will be taken in payment" for the paper, which 
 was then issued at Willardsburg, to which place it was removed in February or 
 March, 1837. 
 
 THE PHOENIX APPEAES. 
 
 The removal of the Tioga Pioneer to Tioga left Wellsboro without a paper 
 until Saturday, August 18, 1837, when the first number of a new paper called the 
 Phoenix made its appearance. The publisher was Benjamin B. Smith, a spirited and 
 versatile writer, who became one of the representative men of the town. The motto 
 of the new paper was: "The liberty of the press is the palladium of our rights." 
 The paper was Democratic in politics and ardently supported Jackson and Calhoun 
 for president and vice-president in 1828. Mr. Smith secured the services of John 
 P. Donaldson, a young printer from Danville, through Tunison Coryell, who was 
 then publishing the Lycoming Gazette, in Williamsport, and with his aid in the 
 mechanical department the Phoenix started on its career with considerable spirit and 
 vigor. Smith was a cultured and original writer, quite a humorist, and considerably 
 above mediocrity in intellect. 
 
 The people of Wellsboro were greatly elated at again having a newspaper in 
 their midst, as it placed them once more on an equal footing with their active rivals 
 at Willardsburg. Politics, too, was rife in those days, and it is a question whether 
 the political animosities were not more bitter and intense then than they are to-day. 
 The Phoenix ran along quite smoothly for a few years, when it began to meet with 
 reverses and trouble loomed up to retard its progress. Much of Editor Smith's 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 3^9 
 
 attention was given up to looking after other business, and Mr. Donaldson was 
 devoting some time to clerking in tlie prothonotarjr's office, aad studying the polities 
 of the day. The paper finally languished, grew weaker, and at last suspended. This 
 was a blow to the prospects of the town. A county seat without an organ looked bad 
 for the people, to say nothing of the aspiring politicians. Pressure and promises 
 were brought to bear, and in 1833 Mr. Smith was induced to revive the Phoenix, in 
 partnership with Charles Coolidge. But it did not last long under this manage- 
 ment. Smith had tired of newspaper work; and disappointment had something 
 to do with his decreasing interest. Consequently, in 1834, the paper was sold to 
 John P. Donaldson, the old printer, who conducted it for two years. In January, 
 1836, Mr. Donaldson was appointed prothonotary of Tioga county by Governor 
 Kitner. He had labored hard to secure the office, but when the three years 
 passed away Governor Porter appointed A. S. Brewster. In 1839 the office became 
 elective, when Mr. Donaldson obtained the nomination, and was elected; and through 
 his political sagacity, aided by an exceedingly obliging disposition, he managed to 
 be re-elected at the close of each term until 1873. With but a single break of one 
 term he served altogether for thirty-six years — thirty-three of which were con- 
 tinuous. 
 
 With the departure of Mr. Donaldson from the Phoenix it passed into the hands 
 of Josiah Emery and Asa H. Corey, and they continued its publication until the 
 summer of 1838, when it was sold to Mr. Hartman. He seems to have changed the 
 name to Tioga Phoenix and Potter County Gazette. Soon after Emery again 
 appears as publisher, with J. Merry as editor. The number before us giving these 
 facts is dated March 17, 1838, whole number 491. This would indicate an existence 
 of nearly ten and a haK years. Hartman, who seemed to have a controlling 
 interest, changed the name to the Herald, but it nowhere appears just when this 
 occurred. The paper evidently had a precarious existence. Sometime in 1838 
 Hartman died and the establishment passed into the hands of Howe & Eumsey. In 
 the meantime the polities of the paper seems to have been changed from Democratic 
 to Whig, thus leaving the Democrats without a party organ. 
 
 THE TIOGA HERALD. 
 
 This paper, which appears to have been the successor of the Herald mentioned 
 ia the foregoing paragraph, began its career November 35, 1845, with Henry D. 
 Eumsey as pubUsher. In December, 184G, George Hildreth took charge of the 
 paper, which soon after came out as the Tioga County Herald. It was Whig in 
 politics, and the plant was the property of a stock company, organized doubtless for 
 the purpose of maintaining a party organ at the county seat. 
 
 Mr. Hildreth was a true type of the old-time printer. He was born in Delmar 
 township, December 3, 1818, and in 1837, when but nine years of age, became an 
 apprentice in the office of the Pheonix, soon after it was started by Benjamin B. 
 Smith. The office of the paper was then in a room in the home of Mr. Smith, which 
 stood on the site of the residence of Mrs. Sarah M. Billings, on Main street. In 
 1836, when Mr. Donaldson sold out, Hildreth went to Philadelphia, where he 
 obtained a situation as compositor on the United States Gazette, which paper was 
 afterwards merged into the North American. He worked there for a year and a 
 half and was known as the most rapid typesetter in the office. He was frequently 
 
320 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 heard commenting upon his record of a daily average of 10,000 ems in composition 
 while he was engaged in that city. This is considered a remarkable record among 
 printers for a single day's work under pressure; but such an average, covering a long 
 period, attests the faithfulness and untiring industry of the man. 
 
 In one sense Mr. Hildreth was the Nestor of the Agitator, the establishment 
 in which he learned his trade being the progenitor of that paper, and the line being 
 continued unbroken to this day. After retiring from the Herald Mr. Hildreth 
 engaged in farming at Stony Pork and so continued for many years; but during that 
 time if an extra hand was wanted in the Agitator office he was frequently employed 
 until the rush was over. In January, 1870, he was regularly employed in the 
 office and continued with little loss of time until 1890. In announcing his death, 
 which occurred December 11, 1892, the Agitator gave this interesting sketch of 
 his life: 
 
 Mr. Hildretli was forced to give up his work here by reason of failing health and de- 
 clining mental vigor. For many months before he relinquished his place at the "case" 
 it was noticeable to those around him by 
 
 The types decreasing click, click, 
 As they fell within his "stick," 
 That of his life's clock the tick 
 Was running down. 
 
 He was an accurate compositor, untiring and faithful in the discharge of his* duty, 
 and his great fund of general information made him a most valuable helper in the de- 
 partment for which he had been specially trained. Mr. Hildreth was a printer of the old 
 school. He knew comparatively nothing of the art of job printing, and he used to say 
 that when he was young that deiJartment of the printing business was a mere cipher, a 
 few posters or an occasional sig-n-card or legal form being the extent of the demand made 
 on a country printer, and even of such work the jobs were few in a year. 
 
 When we come to think of the experiences of Mr. Hildreth in early life, we are for- 
 cibly reminded that in no business or practical art has there been greater improvement 
 during the last half century than in the appUances and machinery for printing. When 
 young Hildreth worked in the Phoenix of&ce, that paper was printed on a Bamage hand- 
 press, and it is probable that all the type and tools of the office were worth less than $300, 
 and if that paper had a circulation of 300 copies it was considered good in those days. 
 The forms were made up and proofs taken and corrections made on the press. The type- 
 forms were inked with two balls made of leather and stuffed with cotton; and when the 
 composition rollers came into use, by which the speed of printing the papers on those 
 old hand-lever presses, "the levers of the world," could be increased to 350 or 300 an hour, 
 those old-time newspaper proprietors felt more pride over the matter than a proprietor 
 does to-day in fitting out his office with stereotyping machinery and a perfecting press 
 capable of turning out in an hour 15,000 completely printed and folded newspapers. 
 
 Mr. Hildreth's paper cutter was a shoe knife and a straight-edge. Besides his crude 
 press, fifty years ago a dozen fonts of type, all told, comprised the outfit, besides a wood 
 stove, a mallet, shooting-stick, composing-stick, and perhaps a wooden galley or two. 
 This reminds us that in the Agitator office to-day is an old wooden galley made of pine, 
 the only connecting link left to remind us of the Phoenix of sixty-five years ago, when 
 typesetting at night was done by the light of tallow "dips," and when to be an editor 
 meant also to be business manager, typesetter, pressman and chore boy — and it was a 
 precarious living at best. 
 
 Mr. Hildreth was a man of the strictest integrity. His experiences in life had made 
 him something of a pessimist. He was naturally retiring and almost unapproachable by 
 strangers, who were unable to understand the character of a man of such habitual 
 silence and reserve. But those who knew him best had the utmost respect for him be- 
 
WBLLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 321 
 
 cause of his many excellent qualities of mind and heart. We doubt if there is another 
 printer in the State who has spent so many years at the "case" as had Mr. Hildreth. The 
 final "proof" of his life has been taken, and we believe that it will be found to contain 
 few errors. 
 
 The Herald was continued until 1849, when the plant was sold to William D. 
 Bailey, Mr. Hildreth retiring to Stony Fork, where he engaged in farming. 
 
 THE WELLSBOBO ADVEHTISEE. 
 
 In 1849 the Herald was purchased by William D. Bailey, who started a new paper, 
 named The Wellsboro Advertiser, the first number of which was issued August 8, 1845. 
 This paper was conducted with decided ability and was noted for its neat typo- 
 graphical appearance. It was Whig in polities and gave that party unfaltering 
 support. Like Hildreth, Bailey was a thorough printer of the olden time, and 
 probably learned his trade in the office of the Pioneer or the Phoenix. On Septem- 
 ber 30, 1853, Louis J. Cummings, of Muncy, Pennsylvania, became a partner with 
 Mr. Bailey and assumed editorial charge of the Advertiser, the firm being Louis J. 
 Cummings & Company. In December, 1853, Cummings retired, and Bailey resumed 
 control. He continued to publish the paper until July, 1854, when he sold the 
 plant to M. H. Cobb. The Advertiser then passed out of existence, and its successor, 
 the Wellsboro Agitator, made its appearance. 
 
 After selling out to Mr. Cobb, Bailey worked for him a few years and then 
 went to Williamsport to take charge of the jobbing department of the Bulletin. 
 When the Bulletin and Gazette were consolidated, in N'ovember, 1869, he served 
 as foreman of the daily for several years. Sometime in the seventies he went to 
 Belief onte to take charge of a religious publication, and there he died in the begin- 
 ning of the eighties. His youngest son, JSTewton, is now the publisher of a temperance 
 paper in Belief onte called the Magnet. 
 
 THE WELLSBOEO A6ITAT0B. 
 
 The first number of this paper appeared in July, 1854, the founder being M. 
 H. Cobb. He was a brilhant and captivating writer; his style was clear and his 
 choice of words singularly apt and appropriate. As partners he had Laugher Bache 
 and W. W. McDougall. In 1857 Mr. Cobb purchased the interest of his partners 
 and became sole proprietor and editor. But the brilliancy of his writing had 
 attracted so much attention that, toward the close of 1858, he was solicited to accept 
 a place on the editorial staff of the 'Se.w York World, a journal then being started 
 as a daily religious paper. The offer was a flattering one and he accepted. He 
 then sold out to Hon. Hugh Young at a slight advance on the original cost of the 
 plant, which was $850. Mr. Cobb retired from the Agitator January 37, 1859, and 
 on the same day his successor published his salutatory. 
 
 Mr. Young was an accomplished and vigorous writer and under his management 
 the paper prospered. He purchased new type and greatly improved the mechanical 
 appearance, and also gave closer attention to the gathering of local news, which 
 enhanced the value of the paper. During the exciting period preceding the out- 
 break of the Civil War, Mr. Young spent six weeks in Washington and wrote a 
 series of letters to the Agitator, which attracted much attention, on account of 
 the valuable information they gave about men and affairs, and the outlook of war. 
 
 21 
 
322 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 When war came and the patriotism of the people of Tioga county was raised to the 
 highest pitch, the Agitator was industrious in giving the news to the public, and the 
 correspondence from eye-witnesses in the field and camp made it much sought after. 
 
 Mr. Cobb soon tired of his New York experience, and returning to Wellsboro 
 in January, 1863, repurchased the paper and resumed his old place at the hehn. 
 In 1864 he put in a cyHnder press. This was a long stride forward ia local 
 journalism. In December, 1865, P. C. Van Gelder acquired a half iaterest, 
 and they straightway enlarged the paper to seven columns. It ran along in 
 this way until January, 1867, when it was again enlarged. On January 1, 1870, 
 Mr. Cobb sold his interest to John I. Mitchell (now president judge) and retired to 
 accept a responsible position in the United States mint, Philadelphia. The new firm 
 of Van Gelder & Mitchell lasted a year, when Mr. Mitchell retired and Mr. Van 
 Gelder became sole owner. He employed George W. Sears to edit the paper. Mr. 
 Sears had dabbled in literature considerably, was a poet of no mean order, and a man 
 of extensive travel and keen observation. 
 
 On January 1, 1873, A. F. Barnes, of Bath, New York, bought a half interest 
 in the Agitator, and September 1, of the same year, Mr. Van Gelder sold his 
 remaining interest to Arthur M. Eoy, of Wellsboro, and the firm became Barnes 
 & Eoy. A new dress of type was soon purchased, and in 1873 a new Potter power 
 press was added to the ofiice equipment. The size of the paper was also increased 
 to nine columns, making it one of the largest weeklies in the State. Under the 
 management of Messrs. Barnes & Eoy the Agitator has not only been prosperous 
 and progressive, but is conceded to be one of the ablest weekly newspapers in the 
 State. In its typographical appearance it is exceedingly neat and clean. It is 
 edited with great care. Mr. Barnes is a close political student and a strong and 
 lucid writer. Mr. Eoy edits the local department and gleans the news of the week 
 with care and assiduity. His attention is also given to the mechanical and pubUsh- 
 tag departments. Excelsior has ever been the word in the Agitator ofiice. As 
 early as November 10, 1874, steam was introduced to drive the presses and 
 machinery; and this was the first time that a paper was printed by steam in the 
 county. This was afterwards supplanted by a water motor, which gives better satis- 
 faction. For a weekly paper the Agitator is superbly equipped in every department. 
 In politics it is staunchly Eepublican. 
 
 As evidence of the high standard attained by this paper. Newspaper dom, of 
 New York, in November, 1895, reproduced a whole page of the Agitator in miniature, 
 the size being reduced about three by three and three-fourths inches. Every 
 letter is distinctly legible under a strong glass. Eeferring to the paper Newspaper- 
 dom says: 
 
 The Wellsboro Agitator is a fine example of the big-pag-e newspaper. We hare 
 reproduced the editorial page of this paper, because the many good qualities of the 
 newspaper are here so well combined as to form an object-lesson in newspaper making- 
 
 The Daily Record was issued for five mornings in May, 1882, from the Agitator 
 oifice by The Eecord Publishing Company, composed of Barnes & Eoy, of the 
 Agitator, and 0. S. Webster and S. E. English, employes in the office. It was a 
 small but neatly printed sheet and was started for the purpose of publishing the 
 proceedings in the trial of Floyd Whitney, of Chatham, who was indicted for 
 
WBLLSBOKO (contintjbd). 323 
 
 homicide. The trial ended in his conviction for manslaughter. The paper then 
 suspended. 
 
 THE TIOGA EAGLE AND ITS SUCOESSOES. 
 
 In 1838 the attitude of the Herald antagonizing the Democratic party in the 
 county, and a recent transfer of the Gazette, of Williamsport, being inimical to the 
 party's success in this congressional district, five citizens of Wellsboro and one of 
 Tioga, contributed $643 for the establishment of a strictly Democratic organ at the 
 county seat. All the preliminaries having been arranged, James P. Magill was 
 invited to take charge of the new paper, which was named The Tioga Eagle, its motto 
 being, "Equal Rights and No Monopolies." 
 
 Mr. Magill conducted the paper with marked ability and success until August, 
 1848, when Alva E. Jones obtained an interest in it, and the iirm of Magill & Jones 
 published the Eagle until October 21, 1848, when Jones retired. Mr. Magill con- 
 tinued the paper alone until January, 185D, when he was succeeded by J. and W. 
 Kirk. On January 1, 1853, Mr. Magill again assumed control, and the Eagle soon 
 afterward appeared with the following as its motto: "That country is the most 
 prosperous where labor commands the greatest reward." This was an extract from 
 one of the speeches of James Buchanan, who was then a rising politician and ex- 
 ponent of Democratic principles. Mr. Magill continued as editor and proprietor 
 of the Eagle until 1856 or 1857, when he removed to Philadelphia. 
 
 Col. James P. Magill was of Irish descent, his parents emigrating from County 
 Antrim about the end of the first decade of the present century. Their children, 
 James, William and Eliza, were educated at the Germantown Academy, near which 
 the family had settled. James and William became compositors in the Daily 
 Pennsylvanian office, conducted by John Rice. In 1851 Mr. Magill was elected 
 register and recorder, and served until 1854. He married Sarah Eliza, daughter 
 of James Goodrich, of Tioga, December 4, 1845; was elected major general of the 
 Ninth division, Pennsylvania Militia; was vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal church, 
 and also a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows societies of Wellsboro. Gov- 
 ernor Packer made him an aid-de-camp with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, hence 
 the title by which he was generally addressed. He subsequently appointed him 
 collector of the North Branch cajial, with station at Pittston. On his purchase of 
 the Sunday Mercury, of Philadelphia, jointly with G. W. Jones, in 1857, Governor 
 Packer commissioned him one of the eleven notaries public of that city, and 
 securing the business of four of the banks, he was retained by them by annual 
 election for thirty-one years as their notary, and until his death, which occurred 
 May 2, 1889, in his seventy-seventh year. His wife died March 19, previously, 
 which had much to do in hastening his own death. 
 
 The successor of The Tioga Eagle appears to have been The Wellsboro Weekly 
 Democrat, established under that name in 1858. The issue of October 3, 1858, was 
 No. 3, of Vol. XX, and the publishers claimed that the Democrat was "the oldest 
 Democratic journal in this section of Pennsylvania," thus showing that, in everything 
 but name, it was practically a continuation of The Tioga Eagle. At this time C. G. 
 Williams was the editor and R. Jenkins the publisher. In December, 1861, the office 
 was destroyed by fire, and for several months no Democratic paper was issued in 
 
324 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Wellsboro, and there was some little dissatisfaction among the Democrats- on that 
 account. 
 
 Efforts were finally made to found another paper. In April, 1863, E. Jenkins 
 was pursuaded to procure new material and start a paper, under the promise of 
 liberal support. He did so and called it the Tioga County Banner. But it only 
 appeared for a few months, when he sold it to a company at Tioga and it was 
 removed there. The faction at Wellsboro was greatly chagrined over the triumph 
 of the faction down the river, and some boisterous talk was indulged in. The result 
 was that the paper did not long remain at Tioga. A spirited contest for Congress 
 was going on between Stephen F. Wilson, of Wellsboro, and Theodore Wright, of 
 Lock Haven. Mr. Wright had been the editor of the Gazette, at Williamsport, in 
 the early fifties; then of the Democrat, at Lock Haven. On the discovery of oil at 
 Titusville he was among the early speculators; was lucky, and soon accumulated a 
 handsome fortune. The Democrats nominated him for Congress in 1863, and 
 being possessed of ample means he at " once entered on a vigorous campaign. 
 Finding no Democratic paper at the county seat of Tioga, Mr. Wright purchased 
 the Banner, brought it back from the village of Tioga to Wellsboro and handed it 
 over to the Democratic county committee. The committee then employed Prof. 
 M. IST. Allen to edit and publish a Democratic paper. The campaign was animated 
 and bitter, being conducted at the most exciting period of the war. Notwith- 
 standing Mr. Wright's generosity, he was defeated by Mr. Wilson. The paper 
 was only continued about a year, when it suspended. In the meantime Mr. Wright, 
 having lost his fortune, returned to journalism. For twenty years or more he has 
 been the accomplished and able managing editor of the Philadelphia Record, one 
 of the brightest, ablest and most progressive dailies in the Quaker City. 
 
 After this last suspension the Democrats were without a paper for a year or 
 more, when, in 1866, C. H. Keeler purchased the material of the Tioga County 
 Banner, changed the title and began the publication of the Herald of the Union. In 
 1867 he sold the paper to the Democratic county committee, Charles G. Williams 
 was appointed editor, and the name was changed back to Democrat. Mr. Williams 
 published the paper until the fall of 1869, when Mr. Jenkins again became the 
 publisher and so continued until July, 1873, when the plant passed into the hands 
 of Messrs. Ferguson & Schlick. The connection of Mr. Schlick with the paper was 
 of short duration, and Mr. Ferguson assumed control and continued its publication 
 about a year. 
 
 THE WELLSBOEO GAZETTE. 
 
 Another effort was now made by the county committee to found a permanent 
 Democratic paper. In November, 1874, F. G. Churchill, of Elmira, was persuaded 
 to come to Wellsboro and take charge of the new paper. He was an active, enter- 
 prising man, and had some training in journalism on the Gazette of that city. Liberal 
 support was promised him. , The material of the old Democrat was consolidated with 
 the job office of Dr. Kobert Eoy, and a new paper entitled the Wellsboro Gazette was 
 issued. Under the vigorous management of Mr. Churchill it started off well. 
 
 During the exciting trial of the First National Bank robbers he published a 
 bright little daily, commencing December 2, 1874, and ending December 13, which 
 gave the proceedings in full every morning. It was highly prized during the pro- 
 
WELLSBOHO (CONTINUED). 325 
 
 gress of that exciting event. A bound copy is now preserved among the county 
 archives in the commissioners' office. 
 
 Early in 1877 Mr. Churchill associated with him S. N. Havens. On August 1, 
 1877, Frank Conevery bought Mr. Churchill's interest, and the latter accepted an 
 appointment in the auditor general's office, at Harrisburg, the Democrats having 
 elected William P. Schell to the head of that department. The firm then became 
 Havens & Conevery. They at once put in a steam power press and a full line of 
 jobbing and other material. In November, 1881, Mr. Havens sold his interest to 
 Herbert Huntington, who, in November, 1885, sold to F. K. Wright. On January 1, 
 1895, Mr. Wright disposed of his interest to Mr. Conevery, who has since been the 
 *«J editor and publisher. 
 
 The Gazette, like all the papers of Wellsboro, is noted for its neat typographical 
 appearance and close attention to the publication of local news. It has a large 
 circulation; is thoroughly Democratic in principle and sturdily maintains the doc- 
 trines of its party. The office is well equipped with material for Job printing. After 
 the iatroduction of the water works system, steam was discarded and a water motor 
 substituted. 
 
 THE TIOGA BANNEE. 
 
 This paper, the original name of which was The Troy Banner, made its appear- 
 ance in Troy, Bradford county. May 34, 1846, with W. C. Webb, "printer, proprietor 
 and editor." The issue of November 12, 1846, contained the following: 
 
 Our friends in Tioga are determined to have a regular Democratic press in their 
 county, and they have proposed that we remove our establishment to their county seat. 
 
 The invitation to locate in Wellsboro was accepted and the plant removed. The 
 first issue bearing a Wellsboro date was that of November 26, 1846, and it contained 
 the following editoral announcement: 
 
 It will be our purpose to support and advocate the true principles of JefEersonian 
 Democracy, honestly believing that the true policy of our government is founded upon 
 them. 
 
 Previous to its removal to Wellsboro the Banner was issued once in every two 
 weeks. After the removal its name was changed to The Tioga Banner and it appeared 
 weekly. "Brick" Pomeroy learned the rudiments of typesetting in this office. It 
 continued to be published regularly for several years. The issue of June 20, 1848, 
 contained an announcement that the paper would be enlarged with the next number. 
 This is the last number in the file examined, but it is presumed the enlargement took 
 place and the publication continued for some time afterward. 
 
 THE HEEMAIC JOUBNAL. 
 
 This paper was started October 3, 1871, as the organ of the Hermaic Society, 
 Arthur M. Eoy publisher. This society was founded May 11, 1869, by the young 
 men of Wellsboro as a debating and literary society. Duiing the winter of 1871 such 
 eminent lecturers as Frederick Douglass, Anna Dickinson, "Petroleum V. Nasby," 
 Mary A. Livermore, and, others, lectured before the society. The Journal was a neat 
 and spicy little paper, but its career ended with the eleventh number, which contained 
 a statement of the receipts and expenditures of the society during the lecture season. 
 
326 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 from which it appears that the receipts were $1,366.50 and the expenses were 
 $1,308.60, leaving a balance in the treasury of $57.90. 
 
 THE TIOGA COUNTY LEADER. 
 
 This paper was started in 1878 by 0. S. "Webster, the material used in printing 
 The Idea at Westfield having been brought to Wellsboro for that purpose in a two- 
 horse wagon. It being dark when the party arrived, the team was driven into the 
 barn of the old Coles House for safety during the night. But the load being heavy 
 broke through the floor and sunk a foot or two without damage to the horses or 
 wagon. Mr. Webster went into the hotel and said to Mr. Coles: "Well, the team, 
 wagon and whole Idea, have broken through your barn floor, and what shall I do?" 
 The wreck, however, was recovered and the Leader started in due time. It was pub- * 
 lished until 1881 as the organ of the Greenback party, when it suspended and the 
 material was sold. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN ADVOCATE. 
 
 This, the youngest of Wellsboro's papers, was founded July 16, 1884, by Charles 
 Gr. Fairman and J. Lewis Whittet, his son-in-law. The material was moved from 
 Batavia, New York. Mr. Pairman had been for several years the editor of the 
 Elmira Advertiser, the leading daily newspaper in the southern tier, and was a bril- 
 liant and able political writer. While preparing to issue the Republican Advocate, 
 Mr. Fairman was taken ill, and died at the Coles House, Wellsboro, where he was 
 temporarily staying, a few days before the first issue of the paper. His death was 
 a severe loss to his friends and to the enterprise, but it was not abandoned. His son- 
 in-law issued the paper, published it under the firm name of Fairman & Whittet 
 until September 34, 1884. The interest of the Fairman heirs was then purchased 
 by James H. Matson, who, in connection with Mr. Whittet, continued the pubUcation 
 of the paper until January 20, 1886, when Mr. Whittet retired. November 3, 1886, 
 W. L. Shearer purchased an interest, and the firm became Matson & Shearer. On 
 March 10, 1891, Mr. Matson sold his interest to Mr. Shearer, who has edited and 
 published the paper to the present time. The office is well equipped, the machinery 
 being driven by a water motor. The paper is neatly printed, ably edited, enjoys a 
 large and increasing circulation, and, as its name indicates, is Republican in polities. 
 
 A NOTED CORRESPONDENT. 
 
 The noted newspaper correspondent, Henry J. Eamsdell, was foreman in the 
 Agitator office when the war broke out. He was born in Chautauqua county, New 
 York, August 11, 1839, and was therefore about twenty-two years of age when the 
 call for troops was made. He was among the first to volunteer from Wellsboro and 
 became a sergeant of Company H, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve. Mr. Eamsdell saw 
 much service and was wounded at Antietam. When discharged he entered joumaUsm 
 and soon made his mark as a correspondent. In 1865 he became attached to the 
 staff of the Tribune in Washington, and afterwards was correspondent for the 
 Cincinnati Commercial, and the Philadelphia Times and Press. He accompanied 
 the congressional commission to San Domingo and Alaska. President Garfield 
 appointed him register of wills for the District of Columbia, and the last paper signed 
 by the president (July 2, 1881,) before he was shot by Guiteau, was Eamsdell's com- 
 
WELLSBOEO (OONTINUED). 327 
 
 mission. President Cleveland remoYed him from office. He was a warm friend and 
 admirer of Blaine and did much to promote the political interests of that eminent 
 statesman. Mr. Eamsdell died at Washington, May 25, 1887. His wife was a 
 daughter of "WilHam Garretson, of Tioga. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXI. 
 
 WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 
 
 incoeporated as a borough— flest election— early ordinances— burgesses, 
 Clerks, Treasurers and Justices— Borough Boundaries— Fire Depart- 
 ment — Water Works System — The Wellsborough Electric Company. 
 
 AS early as 1839 the project of incorporating Wellsboro was discussed. At that 
 time the village lay in Delmar township, which was set off from Tioga township 
 in 1805. This step was warranted by the growth of the village, its increase in popu- 
 lation, and an encouraging outlook for even more rapid development. 
 
 Judge Samuel Wells Morris, always active, alert and enterprising, had proven 
 himself a sagacious and progressive man, and he commanded the respect which had 
 been so freely accorded his worthy father. Finally through his influence, with the 
 assistance of Benjamin B. Smith, editor of The Phoenix, John P. Donaldson, William 
 Bache, Sr., James Lowrey and others, the legislature was induced to pass an act 
 incorporating the town as a borough March 16, 1830. It is true it was a very small 
 town at that time, containing less than 400 inhabitants, but the legislature did not 
 object to numbers then. Williamsport, with a less number of inhabitants, had been 
 incorporated in 1806. The residents of Wellsboro, or certain ones rather, desired 
 corporate laws because they would be enabled to improve the streets and adopt a 
 uniform system of grades, pass ordinances for local government and thereby benefit 
 the whole community. Steps were at once taken to comply with the act, and an 
 election for officers was held May 3, 1830, with the following result: 
 
 Burgess, John Norris; council, John Beecher, Justus Goodwin, Israel Mer- 
 rick, Jr., and Benjamin B. Smith; constable, Ebenezer Jackson; supervisor, Amos 
 Coolidge; overseer of the poor, Israel Greenleaf. 
 
 These were the first borough officers. No time was lost in effecting an organi- 
 zation and in making such appointments as were required. Josiah Emery was ap- 
 pointed clerk to the council; William Bache collector, and James Lowrey treasurer. 
 
328 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 BAELY OHDINANCBS. 
 
 The first requisite was the adoption of a seal to be affixed to all official papers, 
 and the first ordinance passed disposed of this matter as follows: "That until an 
 appropriate seal can be procured, the eagle side of an American half dollar shall 
 be the corporate seal of the said borough." This ordinance was passed June 38, 
 1830. 
 
 The second ordinance forbid horses, cattle, sheep, swine and geese from run- 
 ning at large within the borough. The adoption and publication of this new law 
 caused a howl of indignation from many of the citizens. For nearly thirty years 
 the inhabitants of the village did as they pleased with reference to their stock, con- 
 sequently restrictive laws were regarded as a great hardship and there was much 
 complaint, and the first borough fathers were subjected to sharp criticism. 
 
 Benjamin B. Smith, the editor of the Phoenix, who was a member of the 
 council, and had a hand in making the new laws, referred to them in his issue of 
 July 3, 1830, and defended them in these words: 
 
 At last our bye-laws are published, and we hope soon to see our streets cleared oi 
 sheep, hogs, and cattle which have hitherto been really a nuisance, especially in the 
 night. Depredations have already been commenced on some of our gardens — and unless 
 cattle are shut up at night, we can expect nothing but that our vegetables will, as last 
 year, be entirely destroyed. We borough folks expect now to be quite happy. The 
 squalling of geese at daylight, the bellowing of cattle, the kicking of horses, the audacity 
 of swine, and the "innomi nutus" odor of sheep, acompanied with their disagreeable 
 bleating shall entirely cease from annoying us, and we shall go forth at morning and 
 evening, at sun-setting and sun-rising, and fear no evil except from dogs, which, by the 
 by, our burgess and council have entirely forgotten — and mad dogs, too, are they not 
 subjects of legislation as well as geese? We expect, however, to have a "revised code" 
 and then all things will be perfect. 
 
 To be serious, the by-laws we have no doubt will be rigidly enforced, and for the good 
 of our citizens we think it absolutely necessary they should be. 
 
 Housewives thought it a great hardship that their flocks of geese could not run 
 upon the streets without being taken up and subjected to a fine of twelve and a 
 half cents per head. And to make matters worse, the constable was empowered 
 to sell them to the "highest and best bidder," after giving twelve hours notice, and 
 appropriate one-half of the proceeds to his own use — ^the other half to go into the 
 borough treasury. 
 
 The third ordinance related to streets, roads and taxes. It was required that 
 twelve feet on each side of the 100 feet streets and eight feet on each side of the 
 fifty-feet streets or alleys shall be appropriated for a sidewalk; and the owners and 
 occupiers of lots were allowed full liberty, at their own expense, to erect posts and 
 railings and make gravel or other walks. For enforcing the collection of fines 
 imposed for a violation of the ordinances, the burgess was entitled to receive the 
 same fees as were allowed by law to justices of the peace. 
 
 The fourth ordinance specifically stated that if any person was found guilty 
 of horse racing within the limits of the borough, or aiding or promoting the same, 
 he should, upon conviction, be fined $5.00, one-half to go to the informant and the 
 other half to the corporation. 
 
 The fifth ordinance forbid any person from shooting any gun or other fire arms 
 
WELLSBOHO (CONTINUED). 329 
 
 Aiithin or across any of the streets, highways, lanes, alleys or commons of the bor- 
 ough, except on days of militia or other trainings, or times of public rejoicings, by 
 the order or under the direction of the officer or person in command. The penalty 
 for this offense was one dollar for each shot. 
 
 To old hunters this ordinance was very offensive, and, like the housewives, M^ho 
 were restricted from allowing their geese to run upon the streets, they felt particu- 
 larly aggrieved. The borough and surrounding country had been excellent hunting 
 ground from the first appearance of white men — the borough, too, covered such a 
 large territory that game even at this day often came within its limits, and to be 
 deprived from shooting at a deer as it bounced through, the confines of the corpora- 
 tion was simply an outrage upon the inherent rights of a hunter. Such new-fangled 
 ideas of civilization did not strike them favorably, and Burgess Iforris and Clerk 
 Emery were the objects of their severest criticism, but these officials were inexorable. 
 It is safe to say, however, that many a shot was fired at a deer, squirrel, or rabbit, 
 for which a dollar was not paid — because there was no informant, and the con- 
 stable, however vigilant he might have been, found it impossible to locate the 
 offender. 
 
 Such opposition, however, was developed to these ordinances, and doubts 
 having arisen in the minds of the local law makers whether the surplus money 
 arising from the sale of impounded cattle, sheep, swine and geese, after deducting 
 the fines and cost of keeping, should be paid into the treasury, a supplemental 
 ordinance was passed in October authorizing the surplus to be paid to the legal 
 owners. 
 
 At a meeting of the council, held March 7, 1836, a motion was made by Mr. 
 Emery that cattle be permitted to run at large in the borough. The minutes do not 
 say whether the motion was carried or lost, but the presumption is that . it was 
 adopted. 
 
 BUHGESSES, CLEEKS, TEEASUEEES AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The following named persons have filled the office of burgess since the incor- 
 poration of the borough: John Norris, elected May 3, 1830; Dr. J. B. Murphey, 
 1831; James Kimball, 1832; Eobert G. White, 1833-34; Francis Wetherbee, 
 1835-36; E. A. Nichols, 1837; John F. Donaldson, 1838-39; Alexander S. Brew- 
 ster, 1840; James Lock, 1841; Samuel W. Morris, 1843; William Harrison, 1843; 
 James Kimball, 1844; Henry W. Graves, 1845; James Lowrey, 1846; John P. 
 Donaldson, 1847; John K Bache, 1848; David Sturrock, 1849; George McLeod, 
 1850-52; Henry Sherwood, 1853; G. D. Smith, 1854; Charles G. Osgood, 1855-59; 
 Eudolph Christenot, 1860; Henry Sherwood, 1861-62; Henry W. Williams, 
 1863-65; M. H. Cobb, 1866-67; R. C. Simpson, 1868; Lucius Truman, 1869; 
 Benjamin Seeley, 1870-71; Lucius Truman, 1872-73; E. A. Fish, 1874; Lucius 
 Truman, 1875; D. L. Deane, 1876; C. L. Willcox, 1877; Andrew Crowl, 1878; 
 J. C. Wheeler, 1879-80; AValter Sherwood, 1881-84; I. M. Bodine, 1885; Leonard 
 Harrison, 1886; C. C. Mathers, 1887; John W. Bailey, 1888; William H. Roberts, 
 1889; R. J. Borden, 1890; Charles G. Osgood, 1891; George H. Derby, 1892-93; 
 George W. Williams, 1894-96, and S. P. Channell, elected in February, 1897, the 
 present incumbent. 
 
330 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Clerics. — Josiah Emery was the first clerk of the borough, serving in 1830-31. 
 His successors have been as follows: Eobert G. White, 1831-34; Alexander S. 
 Brewster, 1834-35; John P. Donaldson, 1835-36; Alexander S. Brewster, 1836-37; 
 H. F. Young, 1837-39; from 1839 to 1842 the burgess seems to have fulfilled the 
 duties of clerk; Benjamin B. Smith, 1842-43; Alexander S. Brewster, 1843-46 
 L. P. Williston, 1846-47; Benjamin B. Smith, 1847-48; A. J. Sofield, 1848-52 
 Benjamin B. Smith, 1852-62; Asa P. Eoberts, 1862; Jefferson Harrison, 1862-65 
 Charles L. Siemens, 1865-69; Hugh Young, 1869-70; William A. Stone, 1870-71 
 J. 0. W. Bailey, 1871; George W. Langan, 1871-72; J. W. Van Valkenburg, 1873 
 Leonard Harrison, 1872-73; J. W. Van Valkenburg, 1873-74; Ed. C. Deans, 
 1874-75; Hugh Young, 1875-77; E. B. Young, 1877-85; Eobert K. Young, 
 1885-87; H. H. Blackburn, 1887-89; Alfred J. Shattuek, 1889-97, the present 
 clerk. 
 
 Treasurers.— James Lowrey filled this office in 1830-31; Beniamin B. Smith, 
 1831-32: Israel Merrick, Jr., 1832-35; Eobert G .White, 1835-38; Levi I. TSTichols, 
 1838-48: William Bache, 1848-64; William Eoberts, 1864-70; Eansford B. Webb, 
 1870-74: Lucius.Tnnnan, 1874-76; Leonard Harrison, 1876-85; Jesse M. Eobinson, 
 1885-96: Leonard Harrison, appointed in 1896 to fill the vacancy caused by the 
 death of Mr. Eobinson, and is still serving. 
 
 Justices of fhe Peace. — Although Wellsboro was incorporated as a borough in 
 1830, it does not appear to have been set apart as a separate justice-of-the-peace dis- 
 trict until 1840, when the Constitution of 1838 made the office of justice of the 
 peace elective instead of appointive, as it had been up to that time. The office has 
 been filled as follows: Benjamin B. Smith, 1840; re-elected, 1845 and 1850; 
 Luman Wilson, 1840; re-elected, 1845; Alfred J. Sofield, 1851; re-elected, 1856 and 
 1861; John N. Bache, 1855; Josiah Emery, 1857; Andrew Crowl, 1862; A. S. 
 Brewster, 1863; re-elected, 1868, 1873, 1878, 1883, 1888 and 1893; Hugh Young, 
 1867; John Gibson, 1869; J. W. Donaldson, 1874; Isaac M. Bodine, 1879; re- 
 elected, 1884; James H. Shaw, 1888; Eobert K. Young, 1890; re-elected, 1891; 
 Burton M. Potter, 1896. 'Squire Brewster, one of the present justices of Wellsboro, 
 has held the office continuously for the past thirty-four years. 
 
 BOEOUGH BOUNDAEIES. 
 
 The boundaries of the original village of Wellsboro have been described in a 
 preceding chapter. As the village grew the adjoining land was sub-divided into 
 out-lots, until an area of several hundred acres had been thus cut up before the 
 village was incorporated as a borough. The limits adopted at the time of the in- 
 corporation made a liberal allowance for future growth. The north Hne began 
 about 1,000 feet west of the southwest corner of the cemetery and continued due 
 east to the junction of Kelsey and Charleston, creeks. The southern line of the 
 cemetery formed a part of this boundary line. The line on the northeast paralleled 
 the present railroad to a point a little beyond Purple street. The railroad was built 
 just outside of this line. The line then ran a little west of south about 900 feet to 
 a point due east of the graded school building. It then continued south about sixty 
 degrees west, passing almost through the A. G. Sturrock residence, to Lincohi 
 street, where it turned due west to Kelsey creek, passing north of the residence of 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 331 
 
 Hon. John I. Mitchell. From this point the line ran due north to the place of be- 
 ginning. 
 
 The boundaries remained unchanged until the passage and approval of the 
 act of April 6, 1870, enlarging the borough limits and establishing them within 
 the present boundaries, as follows: 
 
 The boundaries of the borough of Wellsboro, in the countj' of Tioga, be and they 
 are hereby altered and extended in such a manner that the boundary lines shall be as 
 follows, viz: Beginning at a post and stones in the western boundary line of William 
 Downer, at the distance of fifty-two perches south frpm the northeast of said Downer; thence 
 north two and three-fourths degrees east 804 perches to a post and stone heap; thence 
 south 87^ degrees east to the corner of Kichel's farm; along the line of said farm, and 
 continuing in same course, to the line of Charleston township, in all 733 perches to a 
 post or stone heap in said township line; thence by said township south 647 perches 
 to a post and stone, at a point south eighty-seven degrees east from the northeast corner 
 of A. L. Bodine; thence south eighty-seven degrees east across lands of George 
 Thompson; along line of said A. L. Bodine, across lands of Esther Kress, deceased, 
 to the State road, a distance of 504 perches; thence southerly by the several courses 
 of said road to a point south eighty-seven and a fourth degrees east from the starting 
 point first named above; thence south eighty-seven and a fourth degrees east 256 
 perches to the place of beginning. 
 
 The reader will have a better idea of the extent of the above figure when in- 
 formed that it equals four and one-fourth square miles, or 2,730 acres ! Almost large 
 enough for a township. 
 
 It is provided in the act, however, that the borough council shall so discriminate 
 in laying the taxes as not to impose upon the rural portions any expenses which 
 belong exclusively to the btdlt up portions of the borough; and for this purpose the 
 assessor shall distinguish in his returns what properties are within agricultural or 
 rural sections not having the benefit of expenditures for purposes belonging to the 
 built up portions of the town; and all lands within said agricultural or rural dis- 
 tricts, and for the purposes of cultivation or farming, shall be assessed as farm 
 lands. 
 
 FIKE DEPAETMENT. 
 
 Early in 1860 the question of forming a fire company was agitated. The 
 movement took definite shape in August, when the company, which appears to have 
 been organized, reported to council that a majority of the taxpayers were in favor 
 of laying a tax to raise funds to buy an engine. The number voting in favor of the 
 proposition was 141, which was more than two-thirds of the taxpayers of the bor- 
 ough. Council therefore authorized the purchase of an engine and laid a tax of $1.00 
 in every $100 of assessed value of real and personal property, to meet the expense. 
 The tax was to commence in 1863 and to continue until the indebtedness was wiped 
 out. An engine and hose cart were contracted for and an engine house, not to cost 
 over $400, but the actual cost of which was $750, was authorized to be built. Sub- 
 scriptions were solicited to defray the expense of erecting the engine house. 
 
 The first companies formed were the Lafayette Engine Company, No. 1, John 
 N". Bache, foreman, and C. A. Wells Hose Company, liTo. 1, C. A. "Wells, foreman. 
 In the meantime the Civil War had broken out and the ranks of the respective 
 companies were so depleted by the enlistment of the members as to render them 
 
332 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 inoperative. The citizens then banded together and kept up an organization in 
 ease of fire. 
 
 Doubts having, in the meantime, arisen as to the power of the burgess and 
 council to contract for fire apparatus and the erection of an engine house, and to 
 pay for the same by imposing a tax, the legislature was appealed to, and that body 
 passed an act, approved April 18, 1864, which declared the action of the council 
 "valid and effectual" and empowered the burgess and council "to collect annually 
 one-half of one per cent, on valuation until the debt is paid." 
 
 Matters ran along quietly until the 33d of October, 1873, when the borough was 
 visited by a severe fire which destroyed much property in the business portion of 
 the town, the loss aggregating fully $100,000. As the panic of this year had swept 
 over the country with its paralyzing effects, the fire added much to the discour- 
 agement of business men. But they rallied from the blow and were about getting on 
 their feet again when another fire broke out on April 1, 1874, which proved more 
 destructive than the first. It started in the store of William Wilson, and swept 
 away the entire square of buildings between Grafton and Walnut streets, back to 
 Pearl. Coming so soon after the first, this fire had a very depressing effect on the 
 merchants and shop keepers, and many were disheartened on account of their heavy 
 losses. After a short time, however, a reaction took place and the work of rebuilding 
 in a more substantial form was commenced. The result was that a better class of 
 buildings, nearly all of brick, were erected, which imparted to the streets a greatly 
 improved appearance. 
 
 The first fire aroused the citizens to the necessity of preparing for future vis- 
 itations, and a reorganization of the fire department was effected, the reorganized 
 department consisting of the following companies: Lafayette Engine Company, No. 
 1; Alert Hose Company, 'No. 2, and Eureka Hook and Ladder Company, No. 3. 
 The first officers were: Thomas B. Bryden, chief engineer; Walter Sherwood, first 
 assistant; Joseph Williams, second assistant; J. M. Eobinson, secretary; Arthur 
 M. Eoy, treasurer. The companies did good work during the second big fire and 
 prevented greater damage. 
 
 When the water works system was completed in 1886, the pressure was such as 
 to render an engine unnecessary. Lafayette Engine Company was, therefore, reor- 
 ganized as Bache Hose Company, so named in honor of William Bache. The three 
 companies consist of about forty men each and are uniformed. The borough allows 
 $3.00 per annum to each active fireman, and furnishes rooms and a janitor. 
 
 The equipment consists of four hose carriages, with 2,000 feet of hose; a hook 
 and ladder outfit and eight fire extinguishers. Thomas B. Bryden was continued as 
 chief engineer from 1874 until his death in April, 1878. The present chief en- 
 gineer is Eobert Siemens. 
 
 WATEE WOEKS SYSTEM. 
 
 Wellsboro is well supplied with an excellent quality of water by the gravity 
 system. The history of the improvement was very minutely described by the 
 Gazette in June, 1887, from which account the material facts are drawn. On August 
 4, 1885, a charter was granted by the State to the Wellsboro Water Company— capital 
 $75,000— composed of William Bache, Chester Eobinson, John L. Eobinson, Fred- 
 
WELLSBOEO (OONTINTTBD). 333 
 
 eriek K. Wright and "W. C. Kress, of Wellsboro; EL. C. Heermans, of Corning, New 
 York, and C. L. Pattison, of Elkland, Pennsylvania. The officers elected at the 
 annual meeting held in January, 1887, were William Bache, president; John L. 
 Kobinson, Chester Eobinson, Frederick K. Wright, Alfred J. Nichols, William 
 Bache, directors; Jefferson Harrison, secretary and treasurer; W. C. Kress, superin- 
 tendent. Preliminary surveys had been made, plans were drawn and submitted in 
 the fall of 1885, and the contract for constructing the reservoir, laying the water 
 mains and the supply pipes to the gate house, on Charleston creek, was let to Heer- 
 mans and Lawrence, of Corning, New York. 
 
 All things being in readiness, work was commenced in the spring of 1886 and 
 it was prosecuted with vigor during the summer and fall of that year, and although 
 the contractors met many discouraging obstacles in the form of rock-cuts and quick- 
 sand, they completed their work, with the exception of laying about 1,200 feet of 
 iron pipe on West avenue, which was done the following spring. 
 
 After the completion of the main part of the contract, the Wellsboro Water 
 Company enlarged its plans and determined to extend the line several miles so as to 
 take in Eock run, Williams' springs, Mickel run and Morgan springs. This measure 
 was not necessary to a sufficient supply of water, but the extension was made to 
 secure an inexhaustible and never failing supply of the purest, coldest spring water 
 to be found in all this section of the country. This part of the work was conducted 
 by W. C. Kress, the company's superintendent, and was not completed before late in 
 the fall. The work of running the trenches for the pipe was very arduous. Grades 
 had to be maintained around ravines, over hills and around mountains, and for long 
 distances it necessitated blasting out of the solid rock. It was a great undertaking 
 and involved an expenditure of many thousands of dollars, but absolutely pure spring 
 water was the goal, to attain which the enormous outlay of time, labor and money 
 was not thought to be too much. 
 
 The reservoir, which covers three and a half acres and has a capacity of 17,000,- 
 000 gallons, is located in a natural basin on the top of Bacon Hill, south of the 
 borough. It is 172^ feet above the level of Main street in front of the court house, 
 and gives a pressure at that point of 82^ pounds to the square inch. The excavation 
 is made in a bed of solid clay, impervious to water, it being impossible for it to 
 percolate through the bottom or sides. The embankments are ninety-two feet broad 
 at the base and twelve feet broad at the top, and are fourteen feet high. Through 
 the center, from bottom to top, is a tight plank partition with puddled clay on either 
 side, which raises an eiiective barrier to the operation of amphibious animals and to 
 the cutting away of the banks by water. In the center of the reservoir is a well 
 seven feet deep, and the water for the borough is drawn from a point six feet below 
 the bottom of the reservoir. And in case of necessity caused by accident, or for 
 the purpose of cleaning or repairs, there is an arrangement by which all the water 
 can be let out of the reservoir at will. 
 
 To reach the source of supply, 64,680 feet of vitrified pipe had to be laid in 
 trenches having a mean depth of five feet. This is exactly twelve and one-fourth 
 miles. From the reservoir to the gate house, on Charleston creek, 37,500 feet 
 (over seven miles) of twelve-inch pipe was laid. A twelve-inch grade was main- 
 tained all the way, and it required a high order of engineering skill to preserve the 
 
334 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 grade in the wild, rough country through which the line runs, without entailing 
 an ezpense that would have been a practical inhibition of the enterprise. 
 
 The natural springs from which the supply is drawn rise from the conglom- 
 erate formation and are inexhaustible and unfailing. During ordinary dry spells 
 the waters are not appreciably lower in them. Mickel run and Eock run never get 
 lower in the dryest season. The water runs over solid rock beds and is" cold and pure. 
 
 Provision was made against the possible contingency of roily water, by placing 
 a gate above the reservoir by which the water can be let off into a ravine, if 
 necessary. 
 
 In the borough five miles of iron water mains have been laid, running through 
 all the principal streets, and to these are attached forty-two way hydrants, so 
 located as to give protection to every section of the borough in case of fire. 
 
 The water runs by grade for twelve and one-fourth miles from Morgan 
 springs to the reservoir, and will run for a century without any attention or addi- 
 tional expense worth speaking of. The pipes are practically indestructible and 
 are laid deep and well and will do service for ages. 
 
 These things considered, the Wellsboro Water "Works are not surpassed 
 anywhere. That they are invaluable to the borough has already been proved by 
 the saving of property from destruction by fire, and their convenience and sanitary 
 advantages are becoming more generally recognized every day. 
 
 THE VTELLSBOHOtTGH ELECTEIO COMPANY. 
 
 In order to meet the demand for a better system of lighting private residences 
 and business houses than by oil lamps, as well as to bring the borough into a closer 
 touch with the progressive spirit of the day, the Wellsborough Electric Company 
 was incorporated April 11, 1894, with a capital stock of $7,000, since increased to 
 $30,000. The incorporators were Hugh Young, Leonard Harrison, Jesse M. Eob- 
 inson, Eobert K. Young, and H. C. Young. The organization was completed by 
 the election of the following oificers: Leonard Harrison, president; Eobert K. 
 Young, secretary; J. M. Eobinson, treasurer, and H. C. Young, superintendent. 
 Soon after the organization a power house was established, wires strung and electric 
 lights introduced into dwellings, offices and business places. In October, 1895, the 
 borough authorities entered into a contract with the company to light the streets 
 of the town. The company put additional machinery in its power house, erected 
 poles, etc., and January 15, 1896, the light was turned on. The streets are now 
 Hghted by thirty arc lights, so distributed as to diffuse the light to the best advan- 
 tage. The cost of each light is $80 per annum. The borough also pays for two 
 incandescent lamps at the rate of $30 each per annum, making a total of $2,440 a 
 year. About 2,000 incandescent lights are in use for lighting residences, offices 
 and business places. A number of business houses also use arc lights. The equip- 
 ment of the company is first-class and the service rendered highly satisfactory. 
 
CHAPTEE XXII. 
 
 WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 
 
 The First National Bank— The Old and New Bank Buildings— The Wells- 
 borough National Bank— The Great Bank Robbery— The Property Taken 
 —Two OF the Robbers Captured— Tried, Convicted and Sent to Prison— 
 CosGROVE Reforms— His Visit to Judge Williams— Manufacturing and 
 other Enterprises— The Wellsboro op To-day. 
 
 THE First National Bank of Wellsboro was organized February 2t, 1864, char- 
 tered March 31, 1864, and comnienced business May 17, 1864. WilUam 
 Bache was chosen president in order to enable John L. Eobinson, the founder, to 
 act as cashier and get the bank well under way. After a service of about two years, 
 Mr. Bache retired and Mr. Eobinson was elected president. He was succeeded as 
 cashier by his son, Eugene H., who retained the position until his death in Septem- 
 ber, 1876, when his brother, Jesse M. Eobinson, became cashier, and filled that 
 position until the death of his father, John L. Eobinson, January 11, 1893, when he 
 was elected to succeed him as president. L. L. Bailey was chosen cashier and 
 served until October, 1894, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Henry C. Cox, 
 the present cashier. Jesse M. Eobinson died August 6, 1896, and the vacancy in the 
 office of president thus occasioned was filled by the election of Leonard Harrison, 
 the present head of the bank. 
 
 The building first occupied by the bank was the old two-story frame erected 
 as a store by Samuel Dickinson, and purchased by John L. Eobinson in 1834. It 
 stood immediately north of the family residence now occupied by Mrs. N. Azubah 
 Smith. It was used until 1876, and afterwards removed to the northeast corner 
 of Crafton and Pearl streets, and is now doing duty as a carpenter shop. It is one 
 of the landmarks of Wellsboro, where it has stood more than sixty years. 
 
 The new bank buildihg, a substantial and sightly two-story brick, is on the 
 southwest corner of Main and Crafton streets. From time to time improvements 
 have been made in the interior arrangements until the equipment now seems to 
 be complete. The funds are protected by a steel lined vault which is burglar proof, 
 and in the vault is a Corliss spherical safe which is absolutely burglar proof and 
 secured with time locks. More than $10,000 have been expended in furnishing the 
 bank with the very best arrangements for the security of the funds and to facilitate 
 the transaction of business. 
 
 The capital stock of the bank, at the time of its organization, was $50,000, 
 which was soon increased to $100,000. It has now a surplus fund equaling the 
 capital, making it one of the soundest financial institutions in northern Pennsyl- 
 vania. The following are the names of the present officers and directors: Leonard 
 Harrison, president; Waldo W. Miller, vice-president; Henry C. Cox, cashier, and 
 Arthur M. Eoy, Anton Hardt, George H. Derby, Leonard Harrison, Waldo W. 
 
336 HISTOBT or TIOGA COUIfTY. 
 
 Miller, Mas Bemkopf, H. W. Williams, George M. Spalding and William Bache, 
 directors. 
 
 The Wellsborough National Bank was organized with a capital stock of $50,- 
 000 — which has all been paid in — and was opened for business November 13, 1888. 
 Hon. Hugh Young, its founder, served as president until January 10, 1893, when he 
 resigned and was succeeded by the late Henry J. Landrus, who acted until December 
 13, 1895, when William D. Van Horn, the present president, was elected. Mr. 
 Van Horn, who had filled the position of cashier from the organization, was suc- 
 ceeded by E. W. Gleckler, promoted from teller. The latest statement of this 
 bank shows it to be in a strong and healthful condition. Under able, safe and con- 
 servative management it has drawn to itself a large and constantly increasing busi- 
 ness, and ranks among the sound financial institutions of the county. 
 
 The present ofQcers and directors of the bank are as follows: W. D. Van Horn, 
 president; L. L. Bailey, vice-president; E. W. Gleckler, cashier; J. B. Truman, 
 book-keeper, and Jerome B. Niles, N. P. Maxvin, Jesse Locke, E. W. Graves, 
 William O'Connor, L. L. Bailey and W. D. Van Horn, directors. 
 
 THE GEBAT BANK EOBBEKT. 
 
 On the night of September 16, 1874, occurred the robbery of the First National 
 Bank by a band of skilled burglars. It was one of the most boldly-planned and 
 successfully-executed robberies in the history of the State, and certainly the most 
 startling and sensational criminal occurrence in the history of Wellsboro. A full 
 and well-written report of it appeared in the Agitator, from whose columns the fol- 
 lowing condensed account is taken: 
 
 The bank was located in an old-fashioned frame store building with wooden 
 shutters and doors, which could be entered easily by any expert burglar. It stood on 
 what is now the beautiful grassy lawn Ij^ing between the old John L. Eobinson home- 
 stead and the county record office. When inside, however, the robber found his task 
 hardly begun, for the vault was a very strong one, and it contained one of the 
 strongest and most complete safes then manufactured. The doors of the vault 
 and of the safe were fitted with the best combination locks. No person had slept 
 in the bank for many months past. The safe contained about $30,000 in currency 
 and convertible securities. This was a tempting bait for the gentlemen of the dark 
 lantern and jimmy, and how they were to secure it and get away without too much 
 risk was a problem which they were probably not long in solving. 
 
 There is but little doubt that for some time persons connected with the gang 
 had been in the borough taking observations and laying plans for their operations; 
 and it is still believed that the job of robbing the bank was set down for the first 
 week of the month, and that the parties were all in Wellsboro at that time, some of 
 them coming directly with teams, and part of them by public conveyance, from 
 Ealston, in Lycoming county. But the time then chosen was the first week of court; 
 the town was full of people, and the robbers probably thotight it was best to defer 
 operations until the first week after the adjournment of court, when there would 
 be no unusual number of strangers in town. It is certain that they could not have 
 chosen a better time. 
 
 It was Tuesday evening when two teams — one drawing a covered buggy and 
 

 ^^ 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 337 
 
 one hitched to a platform spring wagon — ^left the livery stable of Orvis Dankd, in 
 Elmira, and proceeded towards Wellsboro. They reached Tioga between 1 and 
 3 o'clock Wednesday morning, and stopped at Parr's Hotel until about 11 o'clock 
 in the forenoon. At that time no persons were along but the two drivers. They 
 proceeded at a very leisurely pace on their journey, and reached Potter's Hotel 
 about 1 o'clock p. m., in ample time for dinner. They stayed there until about 6 
 o'clock in the evening, when they hitched up and proceeded on their way in the 
 direction of Wellsboro; but they must have travelled slowly, for it is quite certain 
 that they did not reach the borough until after the arrival of the evening train 
 south, on which train some of the party of robbers are believed to have come. When 
 the teams reached Wellsboro they were driven to the open sheds in the rear of the 
 Episcopal church where they were fed, and the men were posted to watch Mr. 
 Eobinson's house and its surroundings. About 11 o'clock, a colored man, who was 
 walking up Main street past Mr. Eobinson's residence, saw a man standing by a 
 large elm tree in front and just west of his premises. As the colored man ap- 
 proached, this man walked around the tree in the opposite direction, as if to avoid 
 notice. Prom the point where he stood the windows of John L. Eobinson's bed-room. 
 Judge Williams' bed-room and Eugene H. Eobinson's bed-room, could be seen. 
 
 After Mr. Eobinson's family had all retired and everything was dark and still 
 within the house, a little after 12 o'clock, midnight, seven men, clad in rough overalls 
 and blouses, and with cloth masks over their faces, and dark lanterns and revolvers 
 ia' their hands, entered the kitchen window on the east side of the house. Their 
 feet were muffled in heavy socks, and they passed without noise into the dining room. 
 Three of them entered the lower bed-room on the west side of the house, while two 
 went into the hall and up the front stairs. The first member of the family who 
 awakened was Mrs. Smith. She heard the stairs creak and thought her mother was 
 coming up stairs to call her, as she frequently did in the night when ill. Mrs. Smith 
 raised up in bed, facing the door which stood open at the head of the stairs, and 
 called, "Mother !" There was no answer; but the stairs creaked again, although 
 there was no sound of a footfall. Supposing then that her mother was very ill, and 
 that it was her father who was coming— although she wondered at his coming in the 
 dark— Mrs. Smith called, "Father !" There was no reply; but in an instant there 
 was a sound like the scratching of a match at the head of the stairs, and the light 
 of a dark lantern flashed into her eyes. Instantly the burglar, with a revolver in 
 one hand and lantern in the other, stepped toward her bed, uttering and repeating 
 the command, "Don't speak ! At the same time she saw the other man passing 
 along the upper hall toward her brother's room. 
 
 Coming close to her bedside, the burglar expressed his surprise at the presence 
 of Mrs. Smith, saying that he supposed she was in Corning. At the same time he 
 noticed the flash of her diamond rings and ordered her to take them off her fingers, 
 and stepping back he pulled the door nearly shut, explaining the action by saying 
 that if "No. 3" saw the rings he would take them. Mrs. Smith says that the thought 
 flashed through her mind that if she had a pistol she could shoot him then as he 
 turned to close the door; and there is no doubt she would have tried to do so, for 
 after the first shock of surprise was over she seems to have exhibited perfect self- 
 possession, tact, and even a spirit of defiance toward the robbers. But she was un- 
 
 22 
 
338 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 armed and helpless and knew that resistance was hopeless, and she drew off her rings 
 and gave them to the robber who said he would save them for her, threw them under 
 the bed, and hastily turned back and pushed the door open. The robber assured 
 Mrs. Smith that they didn't intend to hurt her nor any of the family, if they would 
 do as directed; but that they were masters and intended to take their money. It 
 was in reply to a speech of this kind that she told him that they indeed had the 
 upper hand then, but they would not have it long for all honest people were not 
 dead, and God was not dead. All this had passed without awakening the servant 
 girl in the bed on the other side of the room; but she feigned sleep and remained 
 quiet. 
 
 In the meantime "No. 3," who seemed to be the leader of the party, had gone 
 into the cashier's room, secured his revolver which was on the bureau, waked the 
 sleeping man with the light of the bull's eye of his dark lantern, obliged him to get 
 up, and took him to his sister's room after handcuffing him. 
 
 While this was taking place above stairs the three burglars below were not idle, 
 and a very exciting scene was being enacted in the family bed-room. The first 
 person to wake up in this room was Mrs. Kobinson. Upon opening her eyes she 
 was dazzled by the flash of a bull's eye slowly moving before her face. Instantly 
 sJHe screamed, when there was a harsh command to stop or she would get a bullet 
 through her head. This frightened Mrs. Robinson all the more, and believing that 
 her husband would be murdered, she cried out to that effect, when the villain told 
 her that they would not be hurt; that it was not murder but robbery they were 
 engaged in, and that they only intended to have their money. Notwithstanding this 
 assurance, Mrs. Eobinson continued to bewail her fate, and made so much noise 
 that the third burglar in the room, who stood at the foot of the bed searching Mr. 
 Eobinson's clothes, ordered her guard to take her away. She was then made to get 
 up and, still undressed, was taken through the sitting room and hall and up the 
 front stairs to the room already occupied by Mrs. Smith, the servant girl, and Eugene 
 H. Eobinson, with their faithful attendants. As she left her own bed-room the 
 struggle with her husband still continued; but it was not a long one. Mr. Robinson 
 had raised up in bed, but a blow on the head knocked him back on the piUow, the 
 handcuffs were quickly adjusted on his wrists and a gag was forced into his mouth, 
 thus effectually quieting his shouts for help. His pantaloons were then drawn on, 
 and he, too, was marched up the front stairs to his daughter's room. He was blind- 
 folded, however, before going up stairs, so that he did not know to what room he 
 was taken. 
 
 While this exciting scene was taking place below stairs, the two burglars in 
 the second story were busy with the work of getting the two woinen up, dressed and 
 bound. This was not so easy a Job as it might seem. The servant girl obeyed orders 
 civilly enough; but Mrs. Smith was not so compliant. In the first place, she refused 
 to get out of bed; and it was only after considerable threatening and coaxing that 
 she was induced to do so. Then she refused to dress herself, and her puzzled captor 
 was obliged to turn himself for the time being into a lady's maid. Taking the skirts 
 of a dress from a hook he threw it over her head and buttoned it around her waist. 
 He was not without his reward, however, for he discovered her purse in the pocket of 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 339 
 
 her dress and helped himself to all the money it contained — a considerable but not 
 definitely known sum. 
 
 The family being thus assembled in the little, low studded chamber, the 
 burglars proceeded with the work of binding the several members of it. The elder 
 Mr. Eobinson, Mrs. Smith and the girl were securely fastened to chairs by cords, 
 their hands being manacled behind their backs. They were all blindfolded; but 
 the women were not gagged, although one of the robbers assured Mrs. Smith that 
 he thought she deserved to be for her saucy speeches. The chairs occupied by Mrs. 
 Smith and the servant girl were placed back to back, and the two women were 
 thoroughly tied together. It was then proposed to tie Mrs. Eobinson likewise, but 
 Mrs. Smith strongly protested against this, asserting that it would kill her, as she 
 had heart disease and must be allowed to lie down. It was indeed true that Mrs. 
 Eobinson was suffering from a paroxysm of that complaint at the time, and her 
 appearance indicated the near approach of death. The robbers became convinced 
 of the serious nature of her attack, for they permitted her to lie down upon the bed 
 and from that time showed her great care and consideration. One of them asked 
 her daughter for brandy for her mother, and on being told there was none in the 
 house, expressed the opinion that she lied. He was told, however, that there was 
 camphor, and on being directed where to find it, one of the party was sent down 
 stairs and brought up the camphor bottle, the ice pitcher and a couple of goblets; 
 and a little diluted camphor was then given to Mrs. Eobinson by the hand of her 
 faithful guardian. 
 
 Matters being thus arranged within the house, the robbers proposed to Eugene 
 H. Eobinson that he should go to the bank and open the vault. , To this the cashier 
 decidedly demurred; but after considerable talk and many threats of death to him- 
 self and other members of the family, two of the robbers took him downstairs and 
 led him, blindfolded and barefoot, behind the fence before mentioned to the side 
 door of the bank. The key to the front door had been taken from his pocket, and 
 one of the robbers had entered the bank that way and then opened the side door to 
 let the party in. Arrived in the bank, the bandage was removed from Mr. Eobin- 
 son's eyes and, with his hands still manacled, he was ordered to open the vault. 
 Alone, unarmed, in bonds, at the small hours of the night, with no help or hope of 
 assistance, and with three unknoTvn felons, armed to the teeth, in the desperate 
 pursuit of plunder, threatening death and certain to inflict torture if their demands 
 were not complied with, it was evident that resistance was useless and delay, even, 
 dangerous. Frederick the Great said that the man who did not know what fear was 
 never snuffed a candle with his fingers. If he had lived in the days of masked 
 robbers, he might have found an illustration quite as pat in a bank officer standing 
 before a locked safe in the middle of the night with a trio of loaded revolvers within 
 a few inches of his head. Certain it is that not one man in a million could go 
 through that experience and truthfully say he knew no fear. 
 
 Mr. Eobinson opened the vault door and then the door of the inner safe. In 
 doing so he failed several times to work the combination properly, hoping against 
 hope that delay might bring relief from the cruel task. Then he was obliged to 
 stand by helpless while the robbers removed the bundles of bank billSj bonds and 
 other valuables. During the operation he remonstrated with the burglars when 
 
340 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 they appeaxed about to take some notes which could be of no use to them and 
 ■would only inconvenience the bank, but he was silenced by the threat to again gag 
 and blindfold him. 
 
 The plunder being removed from the safe and packed in a tobacco tub which 
 stood in the bank, the proposition was made that Cashier Eobinson should be secured 
 by locking him in the vault. He asked his tormentors not to do that, but to shoot 
 him if they meant to kill him. They asked him if he supposed he could not live in 
 the vault, and he said he could not live in there half an hour. They then con- 
 eluded to return him to the house, and allowing him to lock the vault they took him 
 back to the chamber where three of the party had been left to guard the rest of the 
 family. 
 
 While the robbery of the bank was in progress the three burglars who were left 
 to look after the captives in the house seem to have had their hands full of business. 
 Mr. Eobinson was bound, gagged, blindfolded and tied to his chair, and of course 
 he was silent and helpless and caused them no trouble. But Mrs. Robinson was ap- 
 parently dying, and one of the robbers was busily engaged in administering to her 
 wants and quieting her fears. He said that he had a mother, and he felt very sorry 
 for her (Mrs. Robinson). He even wished she was in South America or anywhere 
 else than there, and he assured her that if her son, Eugene H., had only slept in 
 the bank, they would never have troubled anybody in the house. He covered her 
 carefully and tenderly with the bed-clothes, and did everything in his power to 
 make her comfortable. This same villain, who seems to have been the Chesterfield 
 of the party, noticed that the servant girl was shivering, when he brought a blanket 
 from the bed and tenderly wrapped her up. He offered to perform the same kind 
 office for Mrs. Smith, but she cut his gallant attentions short by a decided snub. 
 The family probably owed it to the soft-heartendess and good humor of this polite 
 member of the gang that they were not shut up in their prison much longer than 
 they were. 
 
 In the course of their talk — and there was considerable — the man who first 
 entered Mrs. Smith's room claimed that he had told her the truth, but she expressed 
 something more than a doubt of his veracity. She said he had promised to return 
 her rings, which he had taken from her and thrown under the bed. He then said 
 they were in the slop Jar near her; but she replied that she did not believe him. 
 Then he changed his story and said they were in a cup on the table. She said that 
 now she knew he was lying. He finally said he would give them to her; and he 
 laid them on her lap. Thinking that if they were left there in sight some of the 
 other men would carry them off, she told him to put them on her fingers; and he 
 did as she directed, getting down on the floor and putting the rings in their accus- 
 tomed places on her fingers. She then told him to bring her watch. After inquiring 
 which it was, he took it to her, put the chain around her neck and left it there; and 
 it was not taken afterwards. Her father's watch was also returned the same way. 
 But Eugene's watch — a very valuable one — was carried off. 
 
 The booty for which the expedition was organized having been secured, it only 
 remained for the robbers to make their escape, after having imprisoned their victims 
 in such a manner that no alarm could be given for several hours. And this they 
 proceeded to* do. Eugene, the cashier, was bound to a chair, and he and his father 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINtTED). 04-1 
 
 were tied back to back, as the two women had been. Before this was done, however, 
 one of the robbers asked where the hammer and nails were kept. Mrs. 
 Smith told him she didn't know, when the robber swore an oath or two and 
 told her that she lied. One of the party then went down stairs to find the 
 needed articles and in a little time came back with a few tenpenny nails, which it 
 was afterward discovered he pulled from the pantry walls. With these nails they 
 proceeded to fasten the door leading to the back staircase. This door swung into 
 the room occupied by the family, and the robbers drove four nails into the casing at 
 its edge, so as to fasten it very firmly. They stripped the bed which the girl had 
 occupied and placed it against the little window near the floor so as to prevent a 
 ray of light from shining through. They proceeded to remove every lamp from 
 the room; but at the earnest solicitation of Mrs. Eobinson and in view of what they 
 believed to be her dangerous condition, the heart of her particular attendant 
 relented and it was finally agreed that one of their dark lanterns should be left 
 burning on the stand at the head of the bed. The same kind soul also placed her 
 camphor and water ready to her hand, and insisted that she should not have her 
 hands manacled. HandcufEs were placed on her ankles, however, and she was tied 
 to the bed with strips torn from one of the sheets. 
 
 All this being arranged, one of the party made a little speech to the captives, 
 telling them that the house would be watched until morning, and that if anybody 
 went out of it he would be killed. He also hinted that if they moved, tipped over 
 a chair, or anything of that sort, some train might be fired and something very 
 dreadful might happen. The burglars then left the room. They locked the door 
 leading to the front stairs, and secured it further by driving a couple of tenpenny 
 nails into the casing on the outside. In driving all these nails they used a hammer 
 which they found down stairs. Afterwards a heavy sledge hammer, which they had 
 taken from P. Gr. Lyon's blacksmith shop, was found at the head of the stairs. 
 
 The robbers then passed down the stairs and out the front door, which they 
 slammed behind them and locked on the outside, throwing away the key. They at 
 once loaded themselves and their booty into their vehicles, which they had left in 
 the shed of the Episcopal church, and drove rapidly out of town in the direction 
 of Elmira. 
 
 The villains had indeed gone; but the bound, imprisoned and terrified family 
 were helpless until the coming day should bring suspicion, inquiry and relief from 
 the neighbors. For about an hour they remained silent and irresolute, imagining and 
 dreading some further calamity if they attempted to help themselves. At last, 
 however, the women began to talk in whispers, and it was agreed that Mrs. Eobinson 
 should make an effort to get up and cut the cords which bound the others. She 
 succeeded without much trouble in loosening the cords which bound her to the bed. 
 In the meantime Mr. Eobinson and Eugene had hitched their chairs toward the 
 bed. Mrs. Eobinson got up, and hobbling as well as she could with her shackled 
 feet, reached her husband, took his knife from his pocket, cut the Cords which held 
 the gags in the men's mouths, and then proceeded to sever the ropes which bound 
 them in their chairs. This was not a very rapid job, but it was finally accomplished, 
 and the father and son were free, except that their hands were still manacled 
 behind their backs. And now the work went on more rapidly. Eugene took the 
 
342 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 knife, ajid sitting on the floor he soon succeeded in cutting the cords which bound 
 his sister and the girl. The captives were now all free to see and to talk, although 
 the four stronger ones still had their hands bound behind, and Mrs. Eobinson was 
 shackled by stout steel handcuffs. 
 
 But how were they to get out of their prison and arouse the neighbors? 
 Looking around the room, they happily found a new large screw driver which the 
 burglars had left behind. With this the two men went to work to bend back the 
 nails which fastened the door leading to the back staircase. Hampered as they 
 were they took turns at this work, standing on a chair to reach the upper nails; 
 and after much tiresome labor they were rewarded — ^the door came open and they 
 were free to pass out. Then they looked at their watches and it was 3:45 o'clock. 
 The next thing to be done was to get the colored man Joe up and send him for 
 the neighbors. They could not take the dark lantern to light them through to 
 Joe's room, for they feared the house might still be watched from the outside> and 
 the movement of the light be seen. So Mrs. Smith and Eugene started in the 
 dark to awaken Joe. Mrs. Smith stated that she was afraid at each step that she 
 might feel the touch of a burglar, and one can easily imagine how a frail woman at 
 such an hour and under such circumstances, might feel. Nevertheless the heroic 
 woman and her brother went through the back hall and into the dark room 
 beyond. Here Eugene went to the low window to see if there was any suspicious 
 movement outside, while Mrs. Smith, carefully feeling her way with her foot at 
 each step, slowly went toward Joe's door. At last it was reached, and summoning 
 all her resolution, she opened it, went into the room and placed her hand on the 
 fortunate colored man who had not been molested by the burglars. She told him 
 that the bank and house had been robbed, and that he must get up and dress himself 
 at once. Joe did so; and he soon made his appearance clad and in his right mind but 
 very badly frightened. Mr. Eobinson requested him to go down stairs, get out of 
 the window of his bedroom, climb over the fence, and call up Judge Williams. Joseph 
 demurred; he couldn't do that for love nor money; he would surely be gobbled up 
 by some of those awful robbers, and there would be no more Joe! It was finally 
 arranged that Eugene should make the proposed trip and that Joe should go along 
 to act as hands for him. And so the two departed on their errand, and succeeded 
 in reaching Judge Williams' house -nithout mishap*. 
 
 The Judge was quickly aroused and soon made his appearance. By this time 
 Mr. Eobinson's family had got down stairs; but no lamps belonging to the house 
 could be found nor any matches, and the Judge was obliged to go home to get a 
 lantern. It was afterward found that the burglars had gathered up every lamp 
 in the house, except the chandeliers, and placed them in the woodshed. 
 
 The alarm having been given, the news spread rapidly through that part of 
 the town, and before daylight many citizens had congregated at the scene of the 
 crime. Blacksmiths were sent for and the gyves were cut from the limbs of the 
 members of the family. It was found that nobody had been hurt except the father, 
 John L. Eobinson, whose face had been cut in the struggle with his captors. 
 
 The news of this high-handed crime spread rapidly and caused a profound 
 
 * It was afterward learned that one of the parties was stationed at the door of Judge WiUiams' home, armed 
 with a heavy club, to strike him down in case he heard any noise and came forth to investigate. 
 
WBLLSBOso (continued). 343 
 
 sensation. Everybody was ezcited. At first the family of the banker was looked 
 after and their wants provided for. This caused a delay of fully two hours before 
 pursuit was thought of. Attention was then turned to this important matter and an 
 organization was effected, but it was 6 o'clock before any one left the borough to 
 pursue the robbers. It was quickly learned that they had fed their horses at the 
 Episcopal church shed, and that one horse they drove wore a circular shoe. This 
 was an important clue. Information soon came that the party of six men had passed 
 down the road toward Tioga, and it was also learned that the robbers drove into 
 Elmira between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning, having covered the forty-two miles 
 in about six and a half hours. 
 
 In their flight they seemed to have been daring, if not reckless. They threw 
 out parts of their disguise, which were afterwards found, at various points along the 
 road; and they drove for miles by the side of the only telegraph line which con- 
 nected WeUsboro and Elmira at that time and never attempted to cut the wire. 
 But it seems that good luck, or something else, favored them in their flight, for the 
 message from WeUsboro advising the Elmira authorities of what had occurred was 
 delayed at Coming for several hours, and did not reach Elmira until two hours after 
 the robbers had arrived there ! 
 
 THE PKOPEKTT TAKEN. 
 
 The money and negotiable securities taken from the bank amounted to be- 
 tween $30,000 and $35,000. About $30,000 in negotiable bonds, left as special 
 deposits, were also taken. In addition to these valuables, which could be made 
 available in the hands of third parties, $10,000 of registered bonds and nearly 
 $30,000 of non-negotiable securities were also taken. A number of the bonds were 
 carried to England and negotiated, and when the Geneva award was paid they came 
 back to this government. 
 
 Prompt steps were taken to ascertain the condition of the bank. A reward of 
 $5,000 was offered for the return of the property, or $1,000 for the arrest and con- 
 viction of each of the robbers. The officers and directors of the bank promptly 
 issued a card assuring the public that the loss sustained would not affect the solvency 
 of the institution and that all checks would "be paid as usual at the counter of the 
 bank." 
 
 TWO OE THE EOBBEES CAPTUEED. 
 
 As the whole country was alarmed, and everybody was on the alert, the chief 
 robber was soon traced to Waverly and arrested with much of the stolen plunder 
 in his possession, including the fine gold watch taken from Cashier Eobinson. He 
 proved to be one Cosgrove, with many aliases, and was known to the police as an 
 expert cracksman and burglar. A young man named Orson Cook, who drove the 
 wagon, was also captured, and was brought to "WeUsboro with Cosgrove, and both 
 were securely locked up in the county jail. The other members of the band es- 
 caped and some of them made their way across the ocean, bearing with them several 
 thousand dollars' worth of negotiable bonds. 
 
 At the ISTovember sessions, 1874, Cosgrove and Cook were tried and convicted. 
 Judge Wilson, assisted by Associates Smith and MeNaughton, presided. The pris- 
 
344 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 oners were defended by Messrs. Williston, Mitchell and Cameron, while the prose- 
 cution was conducted by W. A. Stone, district attorney, assisted by Hon. Mortimer 
 F. Elliott. 
 
 Isaac Marsh, alias Ike Morris, alias Howard, alias Cosgrove, was sentenced by 
 Judge Wilson as follows: First count, pay a fine of $1,000, costs, and be imprisoned 
 nine years and nine months in the Eastern Penitentiary; second count, restore the 
 stolen goods, pay a fine of $500, and be imprisoned three years; third count, pay a 
 fine of $500, and be imprisoned four years, making a total fine of $3,000 and sixteen 
 years and nine months in solitary confinement. 
 
 Orson Cook was also convicted on three counts. His term of service was one 
 year less on each count than was imposed on Cosgrove, making his total time 
 thirteen years and nine months. He was very much cast down on receiving his 
 sentence, but Cosgrove was bold and defiant, declaring that it was simply bad luck 
 on his part, and if he were at liberty he would do the same thing again. 
 
 COSGKOVE BEFOKMS. 
 
 The remarkable career of Cosgrove as a criminal had a singular, if not ro- 
 mantic, termination. There is a humanitarian society in Philadelphia whose duty 
 it is to look after long term and hardened criminals, and make an efEort to reclaim 
 them. The attention of the society was attracted to Cosgrove, and when he emerged 
 from prison after serving his long sentence, he was kindly taken in charge by this 
 society, a boarding house was secured for him, he was kept away from evil asso- 
 ciations, and an efEort made to reclaim him by good infiuences. The effort was not 
 without reward. Kindness, moral suasion, and pious teaching had its effect on the 
 hardened criminal. He saw the evil of his ways and declared that he had resolved 
 to live a new life. 
 
 In the meantime Hon. Henry "W. Williams, who was president judge of the 
 court in which Cosgrove had been convicted in 1874, had been promoted to the 
 bench of the Supreme Court of the State, and was living in Philadelphia when he 
 emerged from prison. Much to his surprise, one evening in the winter of 1891, he 
 received a letter from Cosgrove telling him what had been done for him by the 
 society, and saying that with his permission he would be glad to pay him a personal 
 visit and tell him of his conversion through the kindly offices of the humanitarian 
 society. Permission was granted, Cosgrove came and the meeting was a very 
 pleasant one; he related the story of his life, told what had been done for him and 
 his change of purpose. Judge Williams encouraged him to be firm in his purpose 
 and good would follow his resolve. 
 
 Within six or eight weeks Judge Williams received an invitation to be present 
 on a certain evening at Trinity Episcopal church, Philadelphia, to witness the bap- 
 tism and confirmation of Cosgrove. "I attended," remarked Judge Williams at 
 the close of relating this strange story, "and witnessed the solemn ceremony, con- 
 gratulated him on his changed life and upon the favoring influences by which he 
 was surrounded at the beginning of his work as a Christian man." 
 
 "Did he remain firm in the faith ?" the Judge was asked. "I kept track of him 
 for one or two years," he replied, "and he was still living a consistent and useful life, 
 and was engaged when I last heard from him, as a sort of general overseer and pur- 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). ,QAn 
 
 chasing agent for a large private hospital under the care of the society which had 
 reclaimed him." 
 
 MANUPACTUEING AND OTHER ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The tannery established between 1812 and 1816 by Joseph Fish was operated 
 by him until 1828, when he sold it to Elhs M. Bodine, who had removed to Wellsboro 
 from Jersey Shore. In 1846 his growing business made it necessary for him to 
 erect a larger biulding. This was destroyed by iire in 1848 and was not rebuilt, Mr. 
 Bodine retiring from the business and devoting himself to farming. 
 
 The Wellsboro Tannery is the outgrowth of a small tanning enterprise estab- 
 lished about 1825 by William Taylor, who carried it on until his death about 1846. 
 His widow married Joseph EiberoUe, who conducted the business there until 1857, 
 when he erected a new tannery building across the street on the site of the present 
 tannery. Here he carried on business for many years. Since 1881 the plant has 
 been owned and operated by John Gisin. In 1886 the old building was destroyed 
 by fire, and was replaced by the present building. Mr. Gisin manufactures upper 
 leather, which is shipped to Eoston in the red and finished state. 
 
 The Spencer Planing and Shingle Mill is the successor of one of the oldest 
 manufacttiring enterprises in Wellsboro. About 1830 David Caldwell located in 
 the borough and started a cabinet shop, having as an apprentice Benjamin T. Van 
 Horn, who remained with him five years and then opened a shop of his own on 
 the site now occupied by J. C. & S. A. Spencer. Here for fifteen years all his work 
 was done by hand. In 1850 the shop was equipped with machinery. Mr. Van 
 Horn continued in business until 1872, when he sold the shop and plant to his 
 son, Eankin L. Van Horn, and his son-in-law, N. T. Chandler. This firm carried 
 on cabinet making and general wood working and operated the plant until the 
 fall of 1894, when they sold it to J. C. & S. A. Spencer, the present proprietors. It 
 is situated on the northeast corner of Pearl and Wain streets, and is devoted to 
 planing, matching, moulding, scroll sawing and shingle making. 
 
 The first wagon shop in Wellsboro was established about 1836 by Sylvester 
 Kelley, on Main street, just above Dr. Shearer's residence. He ran it about ten 
 years. Another shop was established about 1844 by Seneca B. Kendall. About 
 1845 Hiram W. Dartt entered this shop as an apprentice and within a year purchased 
 an interest in it. In 1850 the firm became Dartt & Gray and so continued for 
 about two years, when Mr. Dartt bought out Gray's interest and carried on the 
 business for himself until 1884, when his son, Albert P., succeeded him. In 1890 
 he consolidated the plant with that of the Wellsboro Carriage Company, which has 
 since been owned and operated by himself and his brother, Edgar S. Dartt. The 
 front part of the old shop on Main street, near Hiram W. Dartt's residence, is used 
 for a broom factory. In the rear part Mr. Dartt, though advanced in years, although 
 not regularly engaged in manufacturing, still works at his trade. 
 
 About 1850 Andrew Crowl established a wagon shop on Water street, near the 
 site of Watkins' livery stable, where he manufactured wagons, carriages, sleighs, 
 etc., for twenty years. 
 
 The Wellsboro Carriage Worhs were founded about 1870, by E. L. Mack, who 
 was succeeded in 1888 by the Wellsboro Carriage Company, composed of W. E. 
 
346 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Wisehart, E. S. Dartt and E. W. Keifer. The shop was destroyed by fire in 1889, 
 It was rebuilt; the plant of A. P. Dartt consolidated with that of the old proprietors, 
 and the works have since been carried on by A. P. and E. S. Dartt, who compose 
 the present Wellsboro Carriage Company. About fifteen men are employed the 
 year round. The plant is located on East avenue, opposite the Bache Auditorium. 
 
 The Wellsboro Foundry and Machine Shop was established about 1854 by A. 
 P. Cone and was operated by him for a number of years, since which time it has 
 had various owners, among them being Young & Williams, Williams & Sears, Keen 
 & Company, William C. Kress and E. H. Edwards, who ran it up to the close of 
 1895. The plant then lay idle until December, 1896, when White Brothers took 
 charge of it and are now operating it as a foundry and machine shop. 
 
 B. H. Edwards' Foundry and Machine Shop is a new enterprise on State 
 street. It was started as a machine shop in December, 1895, and a foundry added 
 in December, 1896. Five men are employed. 
 
 Sheffer's Brewery was established about 1868, on Kelsey creek, back of the 
 Coles House, by Charles ShefEer. He died in 1876 and his widow carried on the 
 brewery until 1878, after which the building was converted into a family dwelling. 
 
 Och's Brewery was established about 1875 by John Och, on Charleston creek, 
 near the present railroad station. It was washed away by the June flood of 1889, 
 and was not rebuilt. 
 
 The Wellsboro Manufacturing and Building Company (Limited) is the successor 
 of a sash factory established about 1870, on the same site at the foot of Main street, 
 by Benjamin Austin. He died in 1873 and the plant was carried on by his heirs for 
 a time and then by Truman & Bowen until it was destroyed by fire in 1878. In 
 1879 the present bxiildings were erected and plant established by Harman, Borden 
 & Trull. In 1880 Mr. Trull retired and the firm became Harman, Borden & Com- 
 pany, which was succeeded in July, 1892, by the Wellsboro Manufacturing and 
 Building Company (Limited). The capital stock of this corporation is $15,000. 
 It manufactures much of the lumber used by the company for building and other 
 purposes; operates a large planing mill; gives employment to fifteen hands, and 
 does a general wood working, contracting and building business. Its officers are 
 as follows: E. J. Borden, superintendent; E. J. Borden, J. H. Harman, J. W. 
 Mather, L. A. Gardner and P. W. Graves, managers. 
 
 The Wellsboro Cigar Factory, on Queen street, is the successor of a factory 
 previously occupied by C. A. Yale. The pioneer factory was established about 
 1872 by Mr. Yale, on Main street, near the Wellsborough National Bank, and was 
 afterwards operated by him at various locations in the borough. In 1881 the C. 
 A. Yale Cigar Company was incorporated. In 1885 the name was changed to the 
 Grand Master Cigar Company and for about two years the company did a large 
 business, employing nearly 100 hands. The business was continued by C. A. Yale. 
 In 1894 M. H. Stebbins, of Sabinsville, purchased a half interest in the factory, 
 of Mrs. C. A. Yale. Three men were then employed. The business was continued 
 until April, 1895, under the firm name of C. A. Yale & Company, since which time 
 Mr. Stebbins has been the sole proprietor. Eleven hands are employed and 400,000 
 cigars manufactured annually. 
 
WELLSBOKO (CONTINUED). 347 
 
 The C. A. Yale Cigar Factory was established in the spring of 1896. It is the 
 successor of a small factory established in March, 1894, by A. H. Ballinger. The 
 factory is located on East avenue, near Pearl street. 
 
 The Wellsboro Boiler Mill, situated on East avenue, east of Main street, was 
 erected in 1890 by S. L. Herrington and i^'. E. Field, on the site of a mill built 
 several years before by Andrew Kloek and S. L. Herrington, but which was destroyed 
 by fire in 1890. The present mill is a four-story structure, equipped with eleven 
 sets of rollers, and has a capacity of thirty barrels of flour, ten tons of feed and 
 400 bushels of buckwheat per day. Steam power is used. Herrington & Field 
 ran the mill until 1893, when it became the property of A. I. Nichols and William 
 Bache, Jr., who operate it under the name of Nichols & Bache. It is devoted to 
 custom work and the manufacture of flour for general trade. 
 
 The Keystone Mills, located on the north side of Charleston street, near the 
 railroad, were erected in 1886 by Alanson Spencer and the Dicldnson estate, the 
 machinery of the old Dickinson mill below the borough being used as part of the 
 interior equipment, which consists of four run of buhrs, driven by steam. 
 It is still operated by Mr. Spencer, and is devoted to the grinding of wheat, buck- 
 wheat, corn, feed, etc. 
 
 The Wellsboro Glass Company (Limited) was formed in 1886, with a capital 
 of $50,000. The main projector of the enterprise was John W. Bailey, who took 
 a deep interest in founding the plant. The company organized by electing the 
 following officers: President, John W. Bailey; secretary, Walter Sherwood; 
 treasurer, J. M. Eobinson. The works were fitted up in good style for the manu- 
 facture of glass, and were in successful operation, when, on November 8, 1888, 
 the plant was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of $28,000, on which there was an 
 insurance of only $12,400. In addition to the buildings, $6,000 worth of glass 
 and $2,000 worth of pots were destroyed, and nearly sixty men were thrown out 
 of employment. 
 
 The works were rebuilt the following February and opened at once under 
 the direction of the Glass Trust, but disaster again overtook them in 1892, when 
 they were totally destroyed by fire, and never rebuilt. 
 
 The Wellsboro Veneer Works, located on the site of the old glass factory, was 
 founded December 1, 1895, by T. B. Fields & Son. The plant is devoted to the 
 manufacture of wood veneers, baskets, handles and wood novelties, the annual 
 output amounting to about $25,000. The working force consists of from twenty 
 to fifty hands, according to the demands of business. 
 
 The Wellsboro Exchange of the New York and Pennsylvania Telephone and 
 Telegraph Company is one of the latest up-to-date enterprises of the borough. 
 This company is identical with the Bell IJIelephDne Company, and the exchange 
 recently established connects the borough with all the cities and towns throughout 
 the country embraced in the long-distance telephone system of the company. The 
 exchange is located in the store of E. L. Van Horn & Son, the local managers, and 
 is for the use of the public. There are in addition twenty-three subscribers, who 
 pay an annual rental for instruments placed in their offices or residences. The 
 system in the county also includes the principal towns of the Tioga and Cowanesque 
 valleys. 
 
348 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 THE WELLSBOEO OF TO-DAY. 
 
 It is ninety yeaxs since Benjamin Wistar Morris laid out the "county town" 
 of Tioga county, and named it Wellsboro, in honor of his wife, Mary Wells Morris. 
 At that time a forest stood on its site, and a wide-spreading wilderness environed 
 it. The forest has disappeared, and the wilderness has given place to the well- 
 tUled fields of thrifty and prosperous husbandmen. The log cabin of the pioneer 
 is a thing ,of the past, and on its site there now stands the modem home — a model 
 of up-to-date architecture — with its interior conveniences and exterior attractiveness. 
 So many of these handsome residences are to be seen in all parts of Wellsboro that 
 one feels that the claim put forth for it as a place of beautiful homes is amply 
 sustained. The rude log, and scarcely less rude frame, structures in which the early 
 storekeepers, innlceepers, doctors and lawyers transacted business, have been 
 replaced by sightly and substantial brick and stone business blocks and office 
 buildings of modern design and architecture. The log school house and the old 
 Academy find worthy successors in the present public school buildings, thronged 
 daily by hundreds of light-hearted pupils, the beneficiaries of the free school system 
 of the State. The old "Quaker Meeting House" is but a memory, and the Quakers 
 themselves have all passed away, but religion and morality remain. Instead of 
 one modest meeting house, there are now six church buildings, that bear witness 
 in their architecture, furnishing and decoration, to a spirit of free-giving on the 
 part of the many adherents of the different Christian denominations which they 
 represent. On every hand are to be seen evidences of intelligence, culture, taste, 
 refinement, public spirit and private enterprise. 
 
 And yet, it must be confessed that previous to 1870 Wellsboro grew very 
 slowly. This was due to its isolation — its distance from either navigable stream 
 or railroad. In 1840 it had but 368 inhabitants, and in 1870, 1,465. In 1872 
 came the railroad and gave it an impetus, resulting, not in a boom, but in a period 
 of subtantial growth, the census of 1880 showing 3,238 inhabitants, and that of 1890 
 3,961. The present population is slightly in excess of 3,000. 
 
 The Wellsboro of to-day is a well-built town. Its streets are wide, and though 
 unpaved, are graded and kept in good condition. In anticipation of early paving, 
 nearly 4,000 feet of sewers have been constructed, and the work will be carried 
 forward as rapidly as the finances of the borough will permit. Good flagstone 
 sidewalks have been put down in all parts of the borough. These, in combination 
 with well-kept grounds, stately shade trees and the absence of fences, add much 
 to the attractiveness of the residence portion, and show a commendable pride in 
 appearances on the part of the citizens. 
 
 The Park or "Green" though occupying but a single square, east of the court 
 house, is one of the most popular places of public resort in the borough. It is 
 county property, and was included in that portion of the original village site deeded 
 to the county in 1806 by Benjamin Wistar Morris. The center is occupied by a 
 handsome band pagoda, from which concerts are given every Friday evenmg, 
 during the summer season, by the Wellsboro Band, one of the best in the State. 
 West of the pagoda, facing Main street, stands the Soldiers' Monument, a descrip- 
 tion of which will be found in one of the military chapters. 'In the northern part of 
 the park is a fine monument erected in honor of John Magee, the founder of the Fall 
 
WELLSBOEO (CONTINUED). 349 
 
 Brook Coal Company, and one of the leading spirits in the development of the 
 great coal deposits of Tioga county. The money for this monument was con- 
 tributed by the employes of the company, and it was unveiled December 1, 1886. It 
 is fourteen feet in height. The bases, shaft and capstones are of Quincy granite, 
 and the bust of bronze. On the four sides of the polished shaft are bronze tablets 
 containing inscriptions and illustrations commemorative of the character, pro- 
 gressiveness and energy of the man. Surmounting the whole work is a bust of John 
 Magee, in bronze. It is four feet eight inches in height and weighs nearly 1,000 
 pounds. The likeness is good and the expression of the face natural. 
 
 The Bache Auditorium is one of the notable buildings of the Wellsboro of 
 to-day. It is located on the southeast corner of East avenue and Pearl street, and 
 owes its existence to the liberality and public spirit of William Bache, assisted by 
 a few other citizens. It was erected in 1894 at a cost of $16,000, and was planned 
 and supervised by William C. Kress. It is a frame building sheathed on the outside 
 with sheet steel, made to imitate brick. The seating capacity is 1,100, and it is 
 fitted throughout with the latest improved opera chairs. The stage, which is 
 40x70 feet, is unusually large, and there is a full equipment of stage scenery and 
 accessories. The building is heated by steam and lighted by electricity. It was 
 opened to the public in November, 1894, under the management of William C. 
 Kress. During the past year it has been managed by A. P. and 0. H. Dartt. 
 
 The business interests of the borough are in the hands of men of enterprise 
 and public spirit. The stores are well-stocked and the goods tastefully and 
 attractively displayed. Five hotels cater to the wants of the traveling public, each 
 being managed by an experienced and popular landlord. The bar is represented by 
 lawyers of ability and reputation, and the medical profession by educated and 
 skillful physicians. Three ably-conducted and neatly-printed weekly papers deal 
 with matters of public and local interest and receive the liberal support of the 
 people of the borough and the county. Each year witnesses the erection of a number 
 of handsome private residences, and, as increase of trade demands it, of new business 
 blocks. Wealth is evenly distributed and the number of needy poor less than in 
 most places of equal population. 
 
CHAPTEE XXIII. 
 
 DELMAE I'OWNSHIP. 
 
 Ceeation— Oeiginal Dividing Line— Origin of Name— Reductions op Abea— 
 Present Boundaries— Character op Surface— Streams— The "Big Marsh" 
 Altitude— Population— Pioneer Settlers— Manuactubing Enterprises- 
 Schools— Churches and Cemeteries— Villages and Postoppices. 
 
 AT the time of its creation, March 26, 1804, the county of Tioga constituted a 
 single township and also a single election district, likewise named Tioga. In 
 1805 the township of Delmar was created, the line between it and Tioga township 
 being thus described in the report of the survey made by William Benjamin. It 
 reads: "Began at the 93d mile-stone, on the New York state line; thence south 
 twenty-five miles to the Briar Hills, and thence to the line of MifS.in and Lycoming 
 townships," in Lycoming county, embracing all that portion of the county lying 
 west of the line that now forms the eastern boundary of Charleston township. 
 
 The name originally given to the township by the pioneer settlers, who were 
 from Virginia, Delaware, Maryland and Philadelphia, was Virdelmar, composed 
 of the first syllable of the names of each of the States mentioned. The initial 
 syllable of this composite appellation was dropped when the township was created, 
 leaving the present name, in which the first syllables of Delaware and Maryland are 
 preserved. 
 
 By an act of the legislature, approved April 11, 1807, the township of Delmar 
 was constituted a separate election district, it being provided that "the electors 
 thereof shall hold their general elections at the house of Joshua Emlin." Its area, 
 at this time, embraced nearly two-thirds of the county, out of which, from time to 
 time, new townships were formed, until December, 1873, when the township was 
 established within its present boundaries. It is still, notwithstanding these repeated 
 reductions of area, the largest township in the county. From north to south 
 it is thirteen and one-half miles long. For a distance of nine miles from its northern 
 boundary line, it has an average width of six miles. The remaining portion averages 
 eight miles, by reason of an L-like extension toward the west. The total area is about 
 eighty-five square miles. The borough of Wellsboro, which was taken from it in 
 May, 1830, and which was the first borough created in the county, is situated on 
 the Charleston line, northeast of the geographical center of the township, which 
 is bounded on the north by Chatham and Middlebury; on the east by Charleston 
 and Duncan; on the south by Duncan and Morris, and on the west by Elk and 
 Shippen. 
 
 Owing to its oblong conformation and extensive area, the surface and scenery of 
 the township are diversified. The former is broken, consisting of hill and valley, 
 with limited areas of comparatively level upland, the whole forming a scene at once 
 pleasing and picturesque. The rougher portions lie north of Marsh creek, and along 
 
DELMAE TOWNSHIP. 35I 
 
 the Shippen, Elk, Morris and Duncan borders. Much the greater portion is, however, 
 under cultivation, the soil, totli in the valleys and on the uplands, being fertile and 
 productive. 
 
 The streams of Delmar township are numerous and serve the double purpose 
 of diversifyiag and beautifying its scenery and fertilizing its soil. The watershed 
 extends from a point near school-house No. 9, northwest through the township 
 center, to near school-house No. 15, in the Baldwin district. Marsh creek, the prin- 
 ciple stream, is formed by the junction, in the northern part of Wellsboro, of 
 Charleston creek coming from the southeast out of Charleston township, and Kelsey 
 run, which flows from the southwest, having its source near the center of the town- 
 ship. Morris creek, which rises near the southeast corner of the township, and 
 pursues a northerly course, empties into Kelsey creek near its mouth. Marsh creek 
 follows a northwest course to near Stokesdale Junction, where it turns west and flows 
 through a marshy and winding valley to Ansonia, in Shippen township, and there 
 unites its waters with thpse of Pine creek. The branches of Marsh creek on the north 
 are Baldwin run, Kennedy run and Dents run. From the south it receives the waters 
 of Heise run, which rises about a mile and a half west of Wellsboro. Darling run, 
 which rises in the western part, and Campbell run which rises in the southwestern 
 part of the township, are branches of Pine creek, which crosses its southwest comer. 
 Stony Fork has its headwaters near the center of the township. Its course is south 
 into Morris township, where it empties into Babb's creek. West Branch, a tributary 
 of Stony Fork, rises near the southeast corner of Shippen, and flows southeast into 
 Morris tovmship. Wilson creek rises in the southeastern part of the township, and 
 pursues a slightly southeast course to the village of Morris, where it unites with 
 Babb's creek. 
 
 The "Big Marsh" is one of the noticeable physical features, not only of the 
 township, but of the county. It is a level, marshy area, lying principally northeast 
 of Stokesdale Junction, and extending to the Middlebury township line. It is 
 claimed by those who have made the geology of this locality a study, that the 
 origiual course of Marsh creek was through this marsh, and that instead of flowing 
 toward the west, from Stokesdale Junction, as it now does, it kept on toward the 
 north and united with Crooked creek at Middlebury Center, and thus became a 
 feeder of the Tioga river, instead of a tributary of Pine creek. Old settlers say, 
 that during times of high water, before the days of railroad embankments and other 
 obstructions, the drainage of the "Big Marsh" was toward the north and the south, 
 its waters finding an outlet into Crooked creek on the north, and Marsh creek on 
 the south, thus constituting it a valley watershed, giving it a continuous and 
 unbroken valley drainage in opposite directions. There are several of these valley 
 watersheds in the county, their presence constituting a physicial peculiarity of this 
 section of the State. It has been asserted that a dam fifty-four feet high across 
 Pine creek, at Ansonia, would turn its waters into the Marsh creek valley, and cause 
 them to flow — as it is contended they once did flow — into Crooked creek and the 
 Tioga river. 
 
 The mean elevation of Delmar township is about 1,500 feet above tide water. 
 The highest points are about 1,800 feet. The lowest, at Tiadaghton, about 900 feet. 
 The altitude of Wellsboro, railroad level, is 1,395 feet. The township is thickly 
 
352 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 settled and well cultivated, its farmers having a good market and trading point in 
 Wellsboro, the county seat. The growth in population and material wealth has been 
 constant. In 1880, the iirst census taken after the township was established within 
 its present boimdaries, showed 3,534 inhabitants, and that of 1890, 3,081. 
 
 PIONEEK SETTLBKS. 
 
 It is a matter of considerable diffiiculty to definitely determine who was the 
 first settler in Delmar township, outside of the present limits of Wellsboro, upon 
 the site of which Benjamin Wistar Morris settled in 1800. Within the next few 
 years a number of gentlemen — either his relatives, friends or business acquaintances — 
 became interested with him in the settlement and devlopment of the lands of the 
 township, and several of them, following his example, removed hither and addressed 
 themselves to the difficult work of establishing homes in the heart of a mountain 
 wilderness. 
 
 Among those who may be classed as the advance guard of the army of settlers 
 who soon found their way hither, were William Hill Wells and Gideon Wells, brothers 
 of Mrs. Benjamin W. Morris; John Norris, David Lindsey, Alpheus Cheney, 
 Daniel Kelsey, James Iddings, James Dixon, Eichard Jackson and Eev. Caleb Boyer. 
 
 To William Hill Wells is usually accorded the credit of being the first person 
 to attempt to clear a farm and establish a home in the township. He and his brother 
 located in 1802 about two and one-half miles southwest from the site — in Wellsboro — 
 of the old Morris mansion, now occupied by the residence of W. D. Van Horn. Here 
 they remained a few years and then removed from the township, as did also James 
 Iddings, James Dixon, Kichard Jackson and Eev. Caleb Boyer, none of whose 
 names appear upon the assessment list of 1813. 
 
 When William Hill Wells decided to remove from the township and to return 
 to the vicinity of Philadelphia, he gave his farm and implements to Eben and Hetty 
 Murry, Elias and Maria Spencer and Marcus Lovett, the colored slaves, whom he 
 had brought with him, accompanying the gift of property with the more priceless 
 gift of their freedom and manumission. The white neighbors in time dispossessed 
 them of their property, and to the kindness of John Norris, Eben and Hetty Murry 
 were finally indebted for the home that sheltered them in their declining days. A 
 number of the descendants of these slaves are now residents of Wellsboro. 
 
 John Norris, a native of England, where he was bom in 1768, and a graduate 
 of Oxford, came to America toward the close of the Eighteenth century and in 1799 
 located on the headwaters of the First fork of Pine creek, near the present village of 
 Texas, in Lycoming county. In the "Historical Collections of Pennsylvania," by 
 Sherman Day, we find the following concerning this old pioneer: 
 
 Mr. John Norris, from Philadelphia, first came about the beginning' of the year 1799, 
 to the southwestern part of the county, as an agent for Mr. Benjamin W. Morris, who 
 owned lands in that region. He was accompanied by his brother-in-law, Mordecai Jack- 
 son, then a young lad. On Mr. Norris' arrival he erected a grist and saw mill on the 
 waters of Little Pine creek, just within the boundary of Lycoming county. This estab- 
 lishment was known as Morris' Mills. * * * After remaining at Morris' Mills five or 
 six years, and inducing some half dozen settlers to immigrate, Mr. Norris removed to the 
 vicinity of the Big Marsh, and subsequently, in 1807, to the place where he now [1843] 
 lives, within a mile of Wellsboro. 
 
^{i^^lU. 
 
 '~^^4^(^t^^ 
 
DELMAB TOWNSHIP. 
 
 553 
 
 Soon after locating on Little Pine creek Mr. Norris leased a building in which 
 he established a female seminary, he and his wife serving as teachers. "While he was 
 thus engaged Benjanoin Wistar Morris appears to have persuaded him to undertake 
 the work of promoting the settlement of the lands in and around "Wellsboro, and as 
 an inducement to do so deeded to him 300 acres of land adjoining "Morris' Mills" 
 tract. Norris purchased of Morris another tract of 100 acres near the site of 
 Stokesdale Junction, and thus became one of the earliest settlers in the township. 
 Removing within a short time to neax Wellsboro, he acquired prominence as a citizen 
 and a public official 
 
 David Henry, whose name appears on the assessment list of 1813 as a "single 
 freeman," settled in the northeastern part of the township. James Dickinson, 
 whose name appears on the assessment list for 1816, settled about three miles 
 southwest of Wellsboro. John M. and David Kilbum located between Wellsboro 
 and Stokesdale about 1815. Mordecai M. Jackson, who was a brother-in-law of 
 John Norris, and came with him, was a miller in Samuel W. Fisher's mill. Daniel 
 Harvey Bacon, a prominent and well-known pioneer, settled with his family on 
 Marsh creek, on 330 acres near the Shippen township line, in 1815. 
 
 William Bberenz, a native of Germany, came in 1817 and settled about three 
 miles southeast of Wellsboro. Edmund Wetherbee settled between 1816 and 1818 
 in the Eberenz neighborhood. Allen Butler, a native of Vermont, and father of 
 the late Eev. Selden Butler, of Deerfield township, a prominent Pree Baptist min- 
 ister, settled in 1817 near Stony Pork. William Stratton, an early court crier, 
 located near Wellsboro before 1818. Zenas Pield, a native of Massachusetts, came 
 from Vermont inl817, and took up 154 acres of land southwest of Wellsboro. John 
 Borden, who came about the same time, settled in the Stony Fork neighborhood. 
 John Daily, who came about 1818, located south of the borough, near the Charleston 
 line. Eobert Francis, who was here in 1819, settled southwest of Wellsboro near 
 Stony Fork. John Allen, Jonathan Austin, Smith Ainsworth, and Benjamin ■ 
 Borden, who were all here in 1830, settled in the neighborhood of Stony Fork. 
 Frederick Hiltbold, also here in this year, settled in the Marsh creek valley, where 
 his descendants still reside. Levi Hardy, John MeCowan, Samuel Parrish and 
 William Warriner all settled southwest of Wellsboro. Elijah Wedge settled on the 
 site of Stokesdale between 1818 and 1830, resided there for a number of years 
 and then removed to Mies Valley. Amos Coolidge, who came about 1819, settled 
 south of Wellsboro, in what is known as Coolidge Hollow. 
 
 The names given are those of the principal settlers up to 1830. During the 
 next decade the township filled up rapidly, farms being cleared, roads opened and 
 mills and other enterprises established. The principal settlements were in the 
 neighborhood of Stony Pork, the vicinity of Wellsboro, and at Stokesdale Junction, 
 where the earliest mills were established. Year by year the township increased in 
 population, there being a corresponding increase in the area of .cleared land, until 
 to-day it abounds in well-tilled fields and is dotted with farm houses, schools and 
 churches all evidencing the presence of a thrifty and prosperous people. 
 
 MANUFACTUKING ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The pioneer enterprises of the township were a saw-mill and a grist-mill erected 
 by Samuel W. Fisher, of Philadelphia, on Marsh creek, below Wellsboro. These 
 
354, HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 mills are mentioned in an advertisement of Benjamin Wistar Morris in November, 
 1806, and were erected in order to grind the grain of the settlers in and around 
 Wellsboro and provide them with lumber needful in building their homes. Mordecai 
 M. Jackson had charge of the grist-mill as early as 1816. In 1819 John Norris 
 became the owner of these mills and ran them until 1827, when the saw-mill ceased 
 to be operated "in consequence of decay." About 1830 Norris sold the grist-mill to 
 Mordecai M. Jackson, who had filled the position of miller under himself and Samuel 
 W. Fisher. He rebuilt the saw-mill and carried on both enterprises until 1847, when 
 he sold the grist-mill, then the only one running, to John Dickinson. In 1856 
 Mr. Dickinson added a saw-mill, and both mills were operated by him until 1880, 
 when they were abandoned and a steam grist-mill erected in Wellsboro, near the 
 railway station, by himself and Alanson Spencer, who had been his miller for twenty- 
 four years. This mill is now owned and operated by Mr. Spencer. The old grist-mill, 
 which may still be seen near the railroad, on Marsh creek, below the borough, 
 though often repaired, is the building erected by Samuel W. Fisher more than 
 ninety years ago, and is probably the oldest building in the county. It is certainly 
 the oldest landmark in Delmar township, and unless torn down or burned bids fair 
 to round out a century before falling into entire decay. 
 
 About 1818 Samuel W. Morris erected a large grist-mill and a saw-mill on 
 Marsh creek, near the site of Stokesdale Junction. Mordecai Moore, whose name 
 appears on the assessment list of 1812, had charge of the grist-mill, the saw-mill 
 being in charge of George March. The site of these mills was then known as "The 
 Marsh," and the settlers, many of whom were sufferers from chills and fever, 
 attributed the prevalence of these malarial diseases to Mr. Morris' mill pond. About 
 1828 a number of them, from the Crooked creek neighborhood, in Middlebury town- 
 ship, as well as from the vicinity of the mill, disguised themselves as Indians, made 
 a raid on the dam and tore it away. The remains of this old dam are still visible, 
 and it is frequently alluded to as a "beaver dam," by those unacquainted with its 
 origin and history. After the raid of the "Creek Indians," as they styled themselves, 
 Mr. Morris made no further attempt to operate the mills. 
 
 In 1823 William Iloadley erected a grist-mill at Stony Fol-k, which he operated 
 until 1834. Samuel Parrish erected a saw-mill at Stony Fork in 1825, which was 
 run by himself and Zenas Parrish until 1833. In 1826 David Kilbum erected a 
 distillery near Stokesdale, which he appears to have operated about three years. In 
 1830 or 1831 Allen Butler and Simeon Houghton erected a saw-mill near Stony Fork. 
 It was run until 1841, Wellman Butler, Pharas Houghton, Jeremiah D. Houghton 
 and Oliver Bacon being interested in it at different times. In 1841 William Eberenz 
 erected a saw-mill on a branch of Stony Fork, about three miles southwest of Wells- 
 boro, which he operated for nearly forty years. In 1832 Archibald Nichols & Com- 
 pany erected a saw-mill at Round Island, on Pine creek. Within a year it was trans- 
 ferred to Wilcox, Gates & Company, and afterwards had various owners. Among 
 other early mill owners and operators were George Kress, who operated a saw-mUl 
 on Marsh creek near Stokesdale; Aaron Niles, Eeuben Herrington, Russell Hewitt, 
 Edwin Royce and Scoville & Osgood, who erected a mill on Pine creek, above Round 
 Island. 
 
DELMAE TOWNSHIP. 355 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first schools were established in Wellsboro, which early became the educa- 
 tional center of the county. As the township was settled subscription schools were 
 started and were maintained until the going into effect of the public school law of 
 1835, after which public school districts were established and school buildings erected 
 for the accommodation of the children of the various districts. Among the early 
 teachers were Beadle Skull, Eobert Campbell, Lyman Walbridge, Erastus P. Deane 
 and Israel Stone. There are now thirty-one schools in the township in which thirty- 
 two teachers are employed, and school is taught on an average of seven months in 
 the year. 
 
 CHURCHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Delmar originated in a conference held April 15, 
 1837,in the Butler school house. Those participating were Samuel Parrish, Elizabeth 
 Parrish, Cornelius Putnam, Cynderilla Putnam, Joseph Butler, Olive Butler, Thomas 
 Horton, Anna Horton, Isaac C. Horton, Eosanna Horton and Susan Horton. Cove- 
 nant meetings were thereafter held monthly. Among those added by letter or 
 baptism were: Nelson Field, James Campbell, Emma M. Campbell, Abigail Horton, 
 Sally Ann Horton, Lucinda Field, Mary Field, Elizabeth Wilcox, Simon Wilcox, 
 Caroline CatHn, Melissa McCluie, Harriet Hildreth, Lucy Ann Hildreth and Susan 
 Lawton. The foregoing, except Olive Butler, who joined the Mormons, became mem- 
 bers of the church, which was formally organized March 7, 1838. Several ministers of 
 the gospel, among them Eev. Sidney Smith, had preached in this place occasionally 
 before the organization of the conference. Soon after its organization Eev. B. E. 
 Swick came frequently from Hector, New York, preaching and performing pastoral 
 duties. The names of the regular pastors are as follows: Eevs. Ethan A. Hadley, 
 1840-41; Abijah Sherwood, 1841-44; Comfort M. Beebe, 1845-50; Abijah Sherwood, 
 1851-54; Myron Eockwell, 1854-58; Levi Stone, 1858-60; James Van Patten, 1861- 
 62; Myron Eockwell, 1863-64; Philander Eeynolds, 1864-65; Alexander Smith, 1867; 
 William A. Smith, 1868-69; G. W. Eemington, 1870-73; Philander Eeynolds, 
 1872-75; James A. Boyce, 1875-85; A. B. Browe, 1887-88; Fisher Wilson, 1889; 
 D. L. Lappeus, 1890; J. T. Bradford, 1893-94, and Philander Eeynolds, 1895-96. 
 A house of worship was erected and occupied in 1845, but was not completed 
 and dedicated until 1851. It was used until 1894, when a new church was built one 
 mile further south at Stony Fork. A parsonage lot was purchased and a parsonage 
 erected in the early history of the church. It was afterwards sold and the present 
 parsonage built in 1878. The present membership of the church is 125. A 
 Sunday-school has been maintained almost from the beginning of the church's 
 history. It now numbers sixty-eight pupils. Wilbur F. West is the superintendent. 
 
 Marsh Greek Baptist Church was organized December 3, 1880, and was the out- 
 growth of a revival held by Eevs. Alfred Ward and James A. Boyce in the Kennedy 
 Eim school house. The names of the original members are as follows: Manuel 
 Skelton, George W. Mason, Charles Sanders, Charles McCaslin, Jay Munson, M. P. 
 Kelsey, Charles Hart, Daniel Barrett, Thomas Hunt, Alfred Ward, Edward Mason, 
 Sarah Skelton, Charlotte Mason, Mrs. Charles Sanders, Mrs. Charles McCaslin, 
 
356 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Nettie Barrett, Martha Kelsey, Phoebe Eolles, Esther Barrett, Helen Hunt, Emma 
 Campbell, Clara Paine, Caroline Holiday, Lois Beeman, Eleanor Travor, Anna 
 Hunt, Clara J. Sanders. The pastors of this church have been as follows: Eevs. 
 James A. Boyce, 1881; Alfred Ward, 1882-83; S. P. Mathews, 1884-85; no pastor, 
 1886-90; E. B. Cornell, 1891; J. L. Williams, 1893-94; B. M. Posten, 1895, and 
 W. E. Braisted, 1896. In 1894 the society dedicated a neat frame house of worship 
 costing $1,000. It is pleasantly located near the mouth of Heise run. This church 
 now numbers twenty-seven members. There are sixty-six pu.pils in the Sunday- 
 school of which Mrs. E. L. Beeman is the superintendent. 
 
 The Delmar Free Baptist Church was originally organized during the thirties as 
 the Stony Pork Free Will Baptist church. After flourishing for a time it went down 
 and was revived in 1843. Some years afterward another church, known as the Middle 
 Eidge Pree Will Baptist church, was organized, and continued in existence until 
 about 1874, when it merged with the church at Stony Pork, which then took its 
 present name. A charter was applied for and the society incorporated September 
 15, 1875. In 1876 the present house of worship at Draper was completed at a cost 
 of $2,200. Among the early ministers of this church were Elder Gowner, Calvin 
 Dodge and Selden Butler. Since 1866 the pastors have been as follows: Eevs. 
 Jacob Ingerick, 1866; Nathaniel Hart, 1868; David A. Pope, 1869; Asa Dodge, 
 1871; 0. C. Hills, 1874; A. G. Downey, 1881; George Donnoker, 1883; 0. C. Hills, 
 1885; Hiram Witcher, 1890. Eev. G. IST. White, the present pastor, took charge 
 in 1896, the pulpit having been vacant for several years before his coming. The 
 church now numbers twenty-seven members, with thirty pupils in the Sunday- 
 school, of which Mrs. Mary Lawton is the superintendent. 
 
 The Delmar and Shippen- Free Baptist Church was organized April 1, 1894, with 
 the following members: Elihu J. Dartt, Amelia Dartt, Stephen E. Campbell, Henry 
 Darling, P. 0. Darling, George Scranton, Eebecca Scranton, Walter Scranton, 
 Samuel Scranton, W. M. AVilson and Ida Wilson. The pastor since the organization 
 has been Eev. 0. C. Hills. The church now numbers forty-eight members. There 
 are seventy pupils in the Sunday-school of which 0. J. Navil is the superintendent. 
 In 1895 the society erected a frame house of worship, costing $1,500, in the Kennedy 
 postoflB.ce neighborhood. 
 
 The Coolidge Hollow Methodist Episcopal Church is the outgrowth of a class 
 organized over forty years ago. Among the early members were Amos Coolidge 
 and wife, Charles Coolidge and wife, Wesley Coolidge and wife, Joshua Peet and 
 wife, Lyman Meachan and wife, and William Coolidge and wife. Meetings were 
 held in the school house, the society being in the Wellsboro charge until 1886, when 
 it was placed in the Eound Top charge. In November, 1892, a neat church building 
 costing $1,100 was completed. The church now numbers twenty-five members. 
 The Sunday-school, which is in charge of Mrs. E. Watkins, has a membership of 
 thirty-five pupils. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Middle Ridge was organized in 1858, 
 the original members being Elijah Phillips and wife, Philura Phillips, Jackson 
 Kennedy and wife, Oliver Phillips and wife, Alvah Kennedy and wife and Henry 
 Wilson and wife. The early meetings were held in the Kennedy school house. 
 The church was first placed in the Wellsboro and in 1876 in the Delmar charge, 
 
DELMAB TOWNSHIP. 357 
 
 and is now in the Ansonia charge. The following named ministers have served 
 this church as pastors since 1871: Eevs. 0. P. Livingstone, 1871-74; J. D. Reyna, 
 1874-75; A. A. Kennedy, 1875-76; E. D. Eawson, 1877-78; P. M. Jerolman, 1878- 
 80; A. G. Cole, 1880-81; E. W. Earned, 1882-83; J. E. Eussell, 1883-84; G. H. 
 AUatt, 1884-85; W. H. Ferrell, 1885-86; C. D. Rowley, 1886-87; A. T. Percy, 
 1887-93; J. S. Fausey, 1893-95, and Eev. G. W. Doane, the present pastor, who took 
 charge in October, 1895. This church was incorporated in 1881 and a church 
 building erected in the Kennedy postoffice neighborhood. It now numbers about 
 thirty members and maintains a Sunday-school of fifty-five pupils, of which C. C. 
 Maynard is the superintendent. 
 
 The Dexter Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1864. Meetings 
 were held in the school house and with the Middle Eidge church until 1894, when 
 the present house of worship was erected at a cost of $1,500. Previous to 1876 this 
 church was in the "Wellsboro charge, since which time it has been in the Delmar 
 and Ansonia charges and has been served by the same pastors as the church at 
 Middle Eidge. The present membership is fifty-six, with eighty pupils in the 
 Sunday-school, which is in charge of Mrs. George B. Mathers. There is also an 
 Epworth League of eighty members. 
 
 Cemeteries and graveyards, owing to its extensive area, are to be found in various 
 parts of the township. One of the oldest is the graveyard adjoining the old 
 Baptist church building at Stony Pork. The new cemetery, a few rods south, was 
 incorporated May 4, 1886. The only incorporated cemetery in the township beside 
 the one at Stony Pork is the West Branch Cemetery. It was incorporated ISTovember 
 37, 1883. The people of that portion of the township adjacent to Wellsboro bury 
 their dead in the cemeteries in that place. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOi'FICES. 
 
 Stony Forh is situated in the southern part of the township, in the Stony Fork 
 creek valley. The first store was opened here over forty years ago by Ebenezer 
 Sherwood, whose successors were Peter G. Walker, Guernsey & Borden, Hiram S. 
 Hastings, J. S. Coles, M. S. Coles & Company, and J. W. Hastings. In 1869 W. F. 
 Horton opened a drug store and has continued in business to the present. In 1885 
 James A. Boyce erected the building now occupied by Dort Brothers, and conducted 
 a general store in it until the fall of 1886, having for a partner Eobert Steele, to 
 whom he sold. In 1890 Mr. Steele sold to Oren A. and William J. Dort. M. S. 
 Coles, who carries on a general store and hotel in the northern part of the village, 
 erected the building now occupied by him in 1883. 
 
 The village proper was laid out about thirty-five years ago by J. S. Coles, who 
 bought the land, previously used as a farm, from Leonard Palmer. He divided it 
 into lots and sold them to whoever desired them, either for business or residence 
 purposes. A postoffice had, however, been established previous to the purchase 
 of this land by Mr. Coles, the first postmaster being Hiram S. Hastings. His suc- 
 cessors have been J. S. Coles, Elizabeth Hoadley, Charles Orr, W. F. Horton, 
 Sylvester Houghton, M. S. Coles, C. S. Houghton, Oren A. Dort and W. D. Allen, 
 the present incumbent, who was appointed October 1, 1895. A daily stage 
 conveys the mail to and from Wellsboro. 
 
358 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 After J. S. Coles purchased the village site he erected a hotel building and 
 carried on a hotel for a number of years. Among those who succeeded him as 
 landlord were George W. West, Charles Walker and Edward Campbell. The 
 present hotel building was erected in 1883 by M. S. Coles, who carries on a general 
 store in the same building. 
 
 About 1865 John S. Fitch located in the village and began the practice of 
 medicine, remaining until 1870. The profession is now represented by Dr. J. M. 
 Gentry, who is the only physician in the township. He located in Stony Fork in 
 June, 1884, and has built up a large and lucrative practice. 
 
 The Stony Fork Creamery Association was incorporated May 4, 1886, the 
 directors being John W. Hastings, George Hildreth, James Vandegriff, W. S. Boat- 
 man and Julius Dort. This creamery has been in operation to the present time 
 and has done much to make Stony Fork a dairying center. It is run on the co- 
 operative plan. A feed mill and planing mill is operated by J. W. Bartle. 
 
 A number of secret societies have their meeting place in the village. Stony 
 Fork Lodge, No. 564, I. 0. 0. F., was organized in August, 1886, with thirty-two 
 members. The present membership is 113. This lodge owns a large and well- 
 furnished hall buildiiig adjoining the old hotel property. Marinda Lodge, D. of 
 E., organized in 1890, also meets in this hall, as does Stony Fork Castle, No. 33, 
 K. G. E., organized with over thirty charter members. The present membership 
 exceeds 100. Stony Fork Grange, No. 1,033, P. of H., was chartered July 1, 1891. 
 It owns a hall building, originally erected for a store, which was purchased in 
 the spring of 1894 for $1,000. This grange is strong and prosperous. 
 
 Stokesdale is the name of a village, situated on Marsh creek, a mile and a half 
 north of Wellsboro. The first settler here was Elijah Wedge, who located on the 
 village site in 1830, resided there a number of years, and then removed to Niles 
 Valley. The village owes its existence to the establishment of the present tannery, 
 in 1871, by Bailey, Lowell & Company. This firm consisted of John W. Bailey, 
 F. K. Wright, 0. B. Lowell and Edward G. SchiefPelin. Wright and Schieffelin 
 were the managers. In 1880 Wright and Bailey sold out to James H. Humphrey, 
 of New York, and the firm became SchiefEelin & Company. On October 17, 1883, 
 the Wellsboro Leather Company was incorporated with a capital of $300,000, the 
 stock being owned as follows: George H. Danforth, New York, $99,000; Edward G. 
 SchiefPelin, Wellsboro, $100,000, and M. F. Elliott, Wellsboro, $1,000. The com- 
 pany became the owner of the Stokesdale tannery property, including 175 acres of 
 land and eighteen dwelling houses. On May 1, 1893, the control of the property 
 was transferred to the Union Tanning Company, a member of the United States 
 Leather Company, which operates a number of other sole leather tanneries in the 
 county. This tannery, when operated to its full capacity, turns out 800 sides of 
 sole leather a day. Edward G. SchiefEelin, who has held the position of superin- 
 tendent since 1891, is the only one of the original owners now connected with the 
 enterprise. D. M. Lounsbury, the foreman, has been in the employ of the various 
 owners since 1875. He also acts as station agent. A store, formerly carried on 
 by the company, is now run by J. L. Landrus & Company. A postofSce was estab- 
 lished here March 6, 1877. Edward G. Schieffelin, the first postmaster, held the 
 
DELMAE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 359 
 
 office until January 19, 1893, when the present incumbent, J. L. Landrus, was 
 appointed. 
 
 Stokesdale Junction, situated three miles north of Wellsboro, at the "Big Marsh," 
 is the junction of the Fall Brook and Pine Creek railways. The station was estab- 
 lished here in 1883, upon the completion of the Pine Creek railway. Trains to and 
 from "Wellsboro connect here with trains to and from Coming and Williamsport. 
 
 Tiadaghton is the name of a railroad station in the Pine Creek valley, on the Pine 
 Creek railway, near the southwestern corner of the township. A postof&ce was 
 established here in July, 1883, the first postmaster being Stephen Warriner. His 
 successors have been B. H. Warriner, F. B. Osborn, H. J. Austin, and the present 
 incumbent, Howard P. Beckwith, who was appointed in March, 1896. There are 
 two stores in the village; the general store kept by F. B. Field & Son, and a grocery ' 
 store carried on by Howard P. Beckwith, who also keeps the village hotel. A large 
 steam saw-mill is operated by F. B. Field & Son. The Tiadaghton and Fahnastalk 
 railroad is a line seven miles long which winds its way up the mountain, penetrating 
 the forests in Elk township. The motive power is Shaw-gear engines, built especially 
 for heavy grades. 
 
 Kennedy is a postoffice situated in the southwestern part -of the township, near 
 the head of Campbell run. The office was established here in 1881. 0. J. Navil, 
 the first postmaster, held the office until August, 1894, when Delia Gross was 
 appointed. She removed to Ansonia and was succeeded by Nellie Kennedy, the 
 present incumbent. This is the meeting place of Kennedy Grange, No. 903, P. of H., 
 which owns a hall building here and has a large membership. 
 
 Olmsville postoffice was established in 1883, at the home of S. A. Kilburn, about 
 four and a half miles southwest of Stony Fork. He held the office until June, 1896, 
 when J. D. Wilcox was appointed. 
 
 Enapp postoffice is situated in Broughton Hollow, on Wilson creek, in the south- 
 eastern part of the township. Daniel Knapp, the first postmaster here, held the office 
 until his death, when the present incumbent, Miner Benjamin, was appointed. 
 
 Delmar is the name of a postoffice five miles southwest of Wellsboro. The office 
 was established ten years ago. S. A. Hampton held the office of postmaster until 
 1890, when he was succeeded by D. D. Stubbs, the present incumbent. 
 
 Draper is the name of a postoffice on Stony Fork creek about a mile and a half 
 southwest of Stony Fork. The postoffice was established here in November, 1888. 
 The first postmaster, E. B. Carvey, held the office until 1889, when J. N. Warriner 
 was appointed. In February, 1895, he resigned and was succeeded by the present 
 incumbent, Albert Osbom. A store was opened here in the fifties by William McNitt, 
 and was afterwards kept by Simon Wilcox, who also operated a steam grist mill until 
 it was destroyed by fire. The .present store was opened in 1893 by J. N. Warriner. 
 
 Balsam is the name of a postoffice situated about three miles southwest of Wells- 
 boro, on the Stony Fork road. The office was established in May, 1895. Lizzie 
 Hakes, the first postmaster, held the office until June 26, 1896, when G. B. Close, the 
 present incumbent, who also carries on a general store, was appointed. A cheese 
 factory, which was estabUshed here about twenty years ago by A. P. Cone, is now 
 operated by Field & Avery. Middle Eidge Grange, No. 385, P. of H., one of the 
 
360 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 oldest granges in the county, owns a two-story hall huilding here in which meetings 
 are held regularly. This grange is one of the strongest in the county. It was incor- 
 porated April 18, 1881. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXIY. 
 
 CHARLESTOK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Reductions of Area— Boundaries— Deainage— Physical Char- 
 ACTERisTics— Population— The Pioneers— Mills and Other Enterprises- 
 Schools— Justices OF the Peace— Churches— Cemeteries— Societies— Vil- 
 lages AND POSTOFFICES. 
 
 CHAELESTON township was organized in December, 1830, and was taken from 
 Delmar. It originally embraced the greater portion of the area of Duncan town- 
 ship, which was organized in December, 1873, and was taken from it, Delmar and Morris 
 townships. In February, 1883, all that portion of its area lying east of Duncan was 
 added to Bloss township. It is now about iiye and one-third miles from east to west, 
 by ten and one-third miles from north to south, and contains about fifty-five square 
 miles. Its boundaries are Middlebury on the north; Eichmond, Covington and 
 Bloss, on the east; Bloss and Duncan, on the south, and Delmar and Wellsboro on 
 the west. 
 
 The drainage of the township is toward all points of the compass, the streams 
 having their sources in marshy upland areas — ^with one or two exceptions — ^near the 
 center of the township. Charleston creek, one of the principal streams, 
 rises in Duncan township, pursues a winding course, first toward the north- 
 east and then toward the northwest, through the southwestern part of the 
 township, and enters "Wellsboro's limits north of the State road. Its valley 
 is traversed by the Wellsboro and Antrim railroad, constructed in 1872, 
 Catlin Hollow run rises northeast of Cherry Flats and pursues a northwest 
 course to the northwest corner of the township, when it passes into Middlebury 
 township. It is fed by a number of small branches. Hill's creek rises near Whitney- 
 ville and flows north into Middlebury township. Elk run rises near the southeast 
 corner of the township, pursues a northerly course to Cherry Flats, when it turns 
 east into Covington township. Babb's creek rises in the Welsh settlement, southwest 
 of Cherry Flats, and flows southeast into Duncan township. From the different 
 courses of these streams it will be seen that the township forms a watershed between 
 the Tioga river on the east, Babb's creek on the south. Marsh creek on the west, and 
 Crooked creek on the north. The general surface is, therefore, considerably elevated, 
 tlie average of the uplands being 1,600 to 1,800 feet above the sea level. Though 
 
OHAELESTON TOWNSHIP. ^Ql 
 
 mostly upland, the township, except in the southern part, is not rough. Much 
 of its upland area is comparatively level, and the slopes into the valleys gentle enough 
 to permit hill-top, hill-side and valley to be cultivated. Many of the finest farms 
 in the county are in this township, which has enjoyed a constant and progressive 
 growth. In 1840 it had 1,010 inhabitants; in 1870, 2,014; in 1880, 2,193, and in 
 1890, 1,889. The falling ofE in the latter year was due to the loss of territory added 
 to Bloss township in 1883. 
 
 THE PIONEERS. 
 
 Isaiah Washbume, a native of Connecticut, came into the county before 1805 
 and cleared the land that now forms a part of the site of Cherry Plats. This land lies 
 on both sides of the line between Charleston and Covington townships. A few years 
 later he sold his clearing to Levi Elliott, who with his brother, Nathaniel, became 
 early settlers on the village site. Timothy Culver, who, it is said, came as early as 
 1805, settled near Cherry Flats, and gave it its name, from a small flat, formiag its 
 site, which was then covered by a thick growth of cherry trees. Aaron Gillett 
 was another early settler on the village site, removing from the mouth of Mill creek, 
 Tioga township, where he had located in 1798. He remained at Cherry Flats until 
 1811, when he removed to Eichmond township and settled permanently at Canoe 
 Camp. 
 
 Caleb Austin, who came about 1806, located on what is now the county poor 
 farm, near where the State road crosses the western line of the township, and enters 
 Wellsboro. This road was opened from Towanda, Bradford county, via Covington 
 and Cherry Flats, to "Wellsboro, ia 1808. Its completion greatly forwarded the 
 early settlement of the township. 
 
 Peter Shumway came from Massachusetts in 1805, remained a year near Mans- 
 field, and then settled on Shumway Hill, where his grandson, W. P. Shumway, still 
 resides. He was a Eevolutionary soldier, and his great-grandson, Peter E. Shumway, 
 of "Wellsboro, has in his possession a discharge signed by George "Washington, show- 
 ing that his ancestor was a "soldier in the Fourth Massachusetts regiment," and that 
 he "faithfully served the United States six years and three months." It also recites 
 that "the above Peter Shumway has been honored by the Badge of Merit for six years' 
 faithful service." This is surely a priceless heirloom. 
 
 Israel Greenleaf, a Eevolutionary soldier, came at the same time as Peter Shum- 
 way and located north of him. He afterwards removed to Wellsboro and became 
 an early hotel keeper there. 
 
 Eoswell Bailey, a native of Vermont, came into the county about 1803 and 
 located in Tioga township. About 1810 he removed to what is now known as the 
 Dartt settlement, in Charleston township, and there became a pioneer settler. Here 
 he engaged in farming and lumbering until his death. The tombstone over his grave 
 in the Dartt settlement cemetery bears the following inscription: 
 
 Rozel Bailey, 
 
 Killed by the upsetting' 
 
 Of his waggon, 
 
 Oct. 34, 1840. 
 
362 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 At the time of his death he was engaged in hauling heavy castings for his saw- 
 mill. The team ran away, while going down hill, upsetting the wagon and crushing 
 him under its load. His sister, Betsey, came into the county with him, and in 1813 
 became the wife of Jonathan Lawrence. On February 11, 1891, being then a 
 resident of Mansfield, she celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of her birth, 
 and lived nearly a year longer. 
 
 Nathan Niles, Jr., a son of Nathan Niles, a pioneer of Tioga township, located 
 on the State road, near the Delmar line, before 1810. In 1811 Col. Justus Dartt, 
 a Eevolutionary soldier, and a colonel in the Vermont militia after the Revolution, 
 came into the township and founded what is still known as the Dartt settlement. 
 Thomas Prentiss, who settled near Shumway Hill, and Elijah Starkweather, who 
 settled at the foot of that hill, were all in the to\^Tiship before 1813, in which year 
 Sylvester Bailey and David Greenleaf, "single freemen," were residents of the 
 township'. 
 
 The assessment list of 1816 for Delmar township, which then embraced Charles- 
 ton, contains the names of the following taxables, residing within the limits of the 
 latter township: Caleb Austin, Eoswell Bailey, Justus Dartt, Sr., Justus Dartt, Jr., 
 David Henry, who settled on the State road; James Henry, James J. Porter, who 
 located in the Dartt settlement; Andrew Wetmore, who settled on Wefmore Hill, 
 near the Delmar line, and Oliver Willard, who located on the State road. For the 
 year 1818 the names of Calvin Brown, Daniel Parker, Leonard and John Porter, 
 Moses Wheeler, Asahel "Wetmore and Sleeraan Shumway appear. Jesse, WiUiam 
 and Nelson Catlin, who came about 1818, settled northwest of the Dartt settlement 
 on Catlin Hollow rim.. 
 
 In 1819 Joel Culver was living near Cherry Flats; Gideon Dewey and John 
 Daily in the Dartt settlement; Daniel Dennison in Catlin Hollow; Orlando Willard, 
 Isaac Wheeler and Calvin, Eli and Benjamin Gitchell, on the State road. The names 
 of Frederick Hiltbold, Thomas Sampson, who settled at Cherry Flats, and Vine 
 Seagers, who settled near Shumway Hill, appear on the list of 1820. 
 
 The foregoing embraces the names of the principal settlers of the township up 
 to its organization. Many of their descendants occupy the old homesteads, and take 
 high rank among the thrifty, prosperous and intelligent farmers of the county. 
 
 The oldest living citizens of the township are Holman Morgan, bom November 
 17, 1801, and Edward Mclnroy, bom December 25, 1801. Mr. Mclnroy has resided 
 in Catlin Hollow since 1837, and Mr. Morgan has been a resident of the county since 
 1844. He now resides in East Charieston. Miss Hannah A. Wilson, who died at 
 her home in the township, September 12, 1896, was bom near the Young school 
 house in 1814, and was a daughter of Daniel Wilson, who settled there about 1812. 
 
 MILLS AND OTHER ENTEEPHISES. 
 
 The pioneer saw-mill of the township appears to have been the one erected by 
 Justus Dartt, between 1816 and 1818, in the Dartt settlement. This mill was built 
 on Catlin Hollow run, and was operated by Mr. Dartt until 1829 or 1830. About 
 1819 Timothy Culver and Oliver Willard established a carding machine near Cherry 
 Flats, and ran it two or three years. In 1830 or 1831 Elmer Bacon, father of Dr. 
 
CHAHLESTON TOWNSHIP. 353 
 
 M. L. Baeon, of Wellsboro, and Benjamin Gitchell erected a saw-mill on Charleston 
 creek, below Eonnd Top. In 1837 Mr. Bacon became sole owner and operated the 
 mill until 1846. About 1831 Eoswell Bailey erected a saw-mill on Catlin Hollow 
 run in the Dartt settlement. Mr. Bailey continued as a lumberman and mill operator 
 until his death, heretofore referred to, October 24, 1840. 
 
 In 1837 Dr. Jacob SchiefEelin purchased several thousand acres of land in the 
 northern part of the township, on Hill's creek. Here he settled in 1838, and in 1830 he 
 erected a saw-mill, which he ran about ten years. Prom this time forward mills were 
 established rapidly in various parts of the township, and changes of ownership were 
 frequent. Among those whose names appear on the earlier assessment lists of the 
 township as mill owners or operators were: Philemon Culver, 1831; Watrous Seely, 
 1834; Erastus Smith, 1835-36: Wilson W. Bailey, 1837; K. W. Bailey, 1838-43; 
 Asahel Culver, 1837-39; Joseph Bacchus, 1840-50; Eichard I. Moon, 1838-43; 
 Erastus Smith, 1840-47; David Smith, 1841-47; George Spratt, 1841-43; James 
 Borst, 1843-48; William Dennison, 1843; Levi Aaron and Levi H. Elliott, 1843-48; 
 David Morgan, 1843; Chester Partridge, 1843, and many others, among whom were 
 Cyrus Wright and Dexter Catlin, who erected a mill on Catlin Hollow run between 
 1845 and 1850. In the latter year it was owned and operated by Cyrus Catlin. 
 About 1849 or 1850 Philemon Culver erected a grist mill on Charleston creek, near 
 the present county farm. It was operated by him for a number of years and subse- 
 quently by Eobert Brundage, Bailey & Wright, Burtpn Shrader and S. L. Herrington. 
 It was destroyed by fire about 1886, and was not rebuilt. 
 
 These early saw-mills and their successors have all passed away, the forests which 
 fed them having been cleared off years ago, and the land on which they stood reduced 
 to cultivation. The transformation was wrought slowly but effectively, and repre- 
 sents, in the hundreds of attractive homes that dot the hills and vales of the township; 
 the highly cultivated farms that surround them; the schools and churches that have 
 been established, and the rural villages that have grown up with the passing years, 
 the patient industry and intelligent effort of four generations of an earnest, frugal 
 and hard-working yeomanry. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The early schools of Charleston, like those of other townships of the county, 
 were maintained by subscription, and before the settlers were numerous enough in 
 any one neighborhood to erect a school house, were taught in private dwellings. 
 The earliest schools were established in the Dartt settlement and at Cherry Flats, 
 the school buildings being log structures, replaced later by frame buildings. Perhaps 
 no other township in the county has paid more attention to education or can boast 
 better public school buildings than Charleston. Its school districts are small, and 
 the pupils have shorter distances to travel than in other townships. Good teachers — 
 usually graduates of the State ISTormal school at Mansfield — are employed, and fair 
 salaries paid. There are at present twenty schools in the township, in which school 
 is maintained six months in the year. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace for Charleston 
 township; Benajah H. Ives, 1835; Jacob Babb, 1836; Chauncey Alford, 1837; David 
 
364 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Ellis, 1830; Joseph Aiken, 1833; John E. Eay, 1833; John F. Donaldson, 1834; 
 Daniel Holiday, Jr., 1835; Simeon Honghton, 1836; Levi I. Nichols, 1836; Alanson 
 E. Niles, 1840; Carlisle Atherton, 1840; Joel Culver, 1844; Isaiah Wilson, 1845; John 
 Gibson, 1850; James Kelly, 1851; re-elected, 1856; Holmaai Morgan, 1856; re-elected, 
 1861, 1878, 1883 and 1888; Charles Close, 1861; re-elected, 1866; George W. Avery, 
 1866; Thomas D. Elliott, 1869; D. A. Evans, 1871; D. P. Benedict, 1873; Ira 
 Johnston, 1882; William E. Jones, 1887; re-elected, 1892 and 1897; and C. H. 
 Scouten, 1893. 
 
 CHUHCHES. 
 
 The Charleston Baptist Church was at first a branch of the Middlebury Baptist 
 society and was formed as such August 26, 1843. On November 3, 1843, a conference 
 to organize a separate church met and the church was formally organized April 
 30, 1844, with the following named members: Almira Catlin, Mary Wilkinson, 
 Hannah Tipple, Lewis Bacon, Clarissa Mudge, Henry Bailey, Betsey Bailey, Isaac 
 Wheeler, Amy Ann Wheeler, Matilda Daxtt, James E. Smith, Emily M. Smith, 
 Oliver Elliott, Clarissa Dartt, George Dartt, Calvin P. Butler, Catherine Madison, 
 Lucy Davis, Eachel Partridge, Martha Lewis, David Lewis, Jane Hart, Maria F. 
 Marvin and Eobert Burley. At the time this church was organized, Eev. J. T. 
 Coffin was pastor of the Middlebury church, and the new church fell under his care. 
 His successors have been: Eevs. Samuel Bullock, Elder Burman, C. Beebe, 1851; 
 Levi Stone, 1855-59; J. Ingerick, 1860-62; P. Eeynolds, 1863-65; C. A. Stone, 
 1867-68; M. Eockwell, 1873; N. L. Eeynolds, 1875; D. T. Van Doren, 1877-81; 
 V. P. Mather, 1882-84; H. M. Wolf, Jr., 1886-88; W. H. Porter, 1890-94; 
 B. M. Posten, 1895-96, and Will E. Braisted, who took charge June 1, 1895. 
 The early meetings were held in the school house. About 1854 the Baptists 
 and Methodists joined in the building of a union church, in the Dartt settlement 
 and also in Catlin Hollow. Within the past twenty years the Dartt settlement 
 church has become the property of the Baptists and the Catlin Hollow church of the 
 Methodists. The Charleston Baptist Church has now about 140 members. A 
 Sunday-school with a total membership of eighty is maintained, of which Oris Smith 
 is superintendent. 
 
 The Old School Baptist Church, the pioneer church of Cherry Flats, was organ- 
 ized sometime during the forties by Elder Eli Gitchell, who preached for the society 
 over twenty years. Among the original members were Levi, Oliver and Levi H. 
 Elliott, Norman Eockwell and members of the Ely, Wheeler and other families. 
 When the present Baptist church building was erected this society owned a one- 
 fourth interest in it, and held services every fourth Sunday. After a few years their 
 membership began to be absorbed by the Eegular Baptist church and soon dwindled 
 away until the society passed out of existence. 
 
 The Regular Baptist Church of Cherry Flats was organized June 3, 1854, with 
 the following membership: Oliver Elliott, Isaac Wheeler, Amy Ann Wheeler, Clarissa 
 Mudge, Jane Hart, William West, Caroline A. West, C. Whittemore, Eachel Whitte- 
 more, Edwin Whittemore, Julia A. Whittemore, Julia A. Macumber, Eveline S. Cul- 
 ver, Ann Johnson, Levi Stone, Juliana Stone, Albert Stone, Emma A. Stone, Noah 
 Wheeler, Thomas D. Elliott, Josephine Gillett, Mariah Gillett, Eachel Davis, Nancy 
 
CHAKLBSTON TOWNSHIP. 365 
 
 B. Mudge, Eliza Wheeler, Beluvia Fenton, May Whittemorej Alvira Bacon, Isaac E. 
 Eumsey, Jacob Johnson and Margaret Keese. The names of the pastors who have 
 served this church axe as follows: llevs. Levi Stone, 1855-57; M. Eockwell, 1858-59; 
 Philander Eeynolds, 1862-65; C. A. Stone, 1867-69; M. Eockwell, 1873; F. Purvis, 
 1874; D. T. Van Doren, 1877-81; V. P. Mather, 1883-84; H. M. Wolf, Jr., 1886-88; 
 W. H. Porter, 1890-93; James Jones, 1893-95; T. C. Davis, 1895-96. This church has 
 no pastor at present. A frame church building was erected in 1855, during the 
 pastorate of Eev. Levi Stone. It is still in use, having been kept in good repair. The 
 church now numbers seventy-three members. There are sixty-two pupils in the 
 Sunday-school, the superintendent of which is Mrs. Emma Bowen. P. P. Bliss, 
 afterwards famous as a singer and an evangelist, became a member of this church 
 September 8, 1855. 
 
 The Regular Baptist Church of East Charleston was organized in 1862. It was 
 admitted to the Tioga Baptist Association in 1867 and incorporated June 1, 1867. 
 The following names were signed to the petition: Eev. C. A. Stone, pastor; Chester 
 Partridge and D. P. Benedict, deacons; Thomas D. Elliott, L. H. Bobbins, Jeremiah 
 Dockstader, John J. Niel and Charles D. Ferry. Mr. Stone continued as pastor until 
 1870, when for three years there was no pastor. Mr. Eockwell was pastor in 1873, 
 after which time the church seems to have died out. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Catlin Hollow was organized about 
 1850. Among the early members were Cyrus Catlin and wife, Joel Catlin and wife, 
 Edward Mclnroy and Dexter Catlin and wife. On September 15, 18 54, the "Methodist 
 and Baptist Union House, Catlin Hollow, Charleston township," was incorporated, 
 the incorporators being Henry Bailey, president; Dexter P. Catlin, secretary; Edward 
 Mclnjoy, treasurer, and Cyrus Catlin and Joel Catlin, wardens. The incorporators 
 erected a house of worship in Catlin Hollow, which was used by the Methodists and 
 Baptists up to about 1880, when the building and grounds became the property of the 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Catlin Hollow, which was incorporated May 14, 
 1881, the incorporators being George Borden, Wesley Saxbury and James Boyce. 
 The building was then thoroughly repaired and refurnished. This church was for 
 a number of years in the Wellsboro charge, and between 1855 and 1860 in the 
 Charleston charge, and has since been served by the pastors of the church in East 
 Charleston. It has a large membership and maintains a well attended Sunday- 
 school. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Charleston was the outgrowth of a 
 class, the early members of which belonged to the church in Catlin Hollow. The 
 society was incorporated February 13, 1857, the incorporators being Chauncey 
 Dartt, Joseph Wilcox, Marcus Benedict, Harvey Adams and Alonzo Whitney. This 
 church was constituted a separate charge before 1860, since which year it has been 
 served by the following pastors: Eevs. E. L. Stillwell, 1861; C. L. F. Howe, 1863; 
 J. Shaw, 1863; C. Weeks, 1864-66; W. Statham, 1867; G. S. Transue, 1871-73; H. C. 
 Moyer, 1874; G. W. Howland, 1875-76; J. V. Lowell, 1877 ; M. S. Kymer, 1878-79; 
 Charles K Patterson, 1881-83; G. W. Howland, 1883-84; A. G. Cole, 1885-86; H. J. 
 Owen, 1887-1888; A. W. Decker, 1889-91; P. A. Peterson, 1892-95, and Eev. W. L. 
 Clough, the present pastor, who came in 1896. Meetings were held in the school 
 house and in the Union church in the Dartt settlement until 1877, when the present 
 
366 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 house of worship was erected. The pastors of this chiirch also serve the churches 
 in Catlin Hollow and Cherry Flats. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Round Top was organized in 1863. Up to 
 1886 it was in the Wellsboro charge and was served by the pastors of the Wellsboro 
 church. In 1886 it was made a separate charge and the pulpit supplied by appoint- 
 ment of the presiding elder until 1892, when Eev. L. A. Davis became pastor. He 
 served until October, 1895, when Eev. Cornelius Dillenbeck, the present pastor, took 
 charge. The early meetings were held in the school house on Shumway Hill and 
 later in Coolidge Hollow. In 1891 a neat frame church building was erected, costing 
 $3,000. The church now numbers ninety-five members. A Sunday-school of 118 
 pupils is maintained. In the summer of 1896 a parsonage, costing $700, was 
 purchased. 
 
 Mt. Zion Wesley an Methodist Church was organized about 1846, the early meet- 
 ings being held in school houses. In 1861 a church building costing $1,000 was 
 erected at Eound Top. Among the ministers who have served this church have been 
 Eevs. Mr. Chapman, Stephen A. Leonard, Francis Strang, Elijah Peak, Seth. Clark,. 
 John Haverly, "Warren Whitmore, Holman Morgan and Samuel Mills. The present 
 pastor is Eev. Caradoc Jones, who is also the pastor at the county poor house. This 
 church maintains a good Sunday-school. 
 
 The Welsh Congregation and Society of Charleston was organized in 1840. An 
 application for a charter was filed in the court of quarter sessions, Wellsboro, Feb- 
 ruary 20, 1849, but the charter was not granted until November 15, 1856. The 
 original petitioners were David W. Eees, David Edwards, William Bowen, David 
 Morris and John Morris. A small chapel was erected about 1850 and used as a place 
 of worship until 1867, when a church building, costing $1,500, was erected on the 
 farm of David Bowen. Among the ministers who served this church as pastors were 
 the following: Eevs. John Davis, Eichard Jones, Evan Davis, Philip Peregrine. J. F. 
 Calkins, Henry Harris, F. Tilo Evans, James Evans, Abram Jones and Caradock: 
 Jones, who took charge in November, 1895. The present membership of the church 
 is fifty, with about the same number in the Sunday-school, which is in charge of 
 Fred Evans, superintendent. 
 
 The First Christian Church of Charleston was incorporated in 1872, the fol- 
 lowing named persons being the charter trustees: Joel Culver, Alonzo Kimball, 
 Ephriam Hart, Alanson Thompson and Jeremiah Klock. A church building- 
 was erected on the State road, a short distance east of the county farm. Services, 
 were maintained regularly for several years. Lately, however, the society has so 
 decreased in membership that no pastor has been employed, and no services held.. 
 A Sunday-school is, however, still maintained. 
 
 CEMETEKIES. 
 
 The cemeteries of Charleston, owing to its large area, are numerous. Most of 
 them were originally family graveyards which later became places of public burial. 
 Among the earliest of these may be mentioned the cemetery adjoining the Baptist 
 church at Cherry Flats, where members of the Elliott and other early families lie 
 buried; the old graveyard on the Caleb Austin place, now a part of the county farm;- 
 the old burial ground in the Dartt settlement, and the cemetery near the Methodist. 
 
CHAELESTON TOWNSHIP. 357 
 
 Episcopal cliiirch. in Catlin Hollow. The incorporated cemeteries are the Shumway 
 Hill cemetery, the East Charleston cemetery and the new cemetery in the Dartt 
 settlement. The first was incorporated December 13, 1868; the second August 18, 
 1876, and the last April 11, 1881. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The secret and benevolent societies of the township are confined to the Patrons 
 of Husbandry and the Knights of the Maccabees, the different lodges of which have 
 large memberships and are well attended. Charleston Valley Grange, No. 54, P. of 
 H., is one of the oldest granges in the county. It was organized December 20, 1873, 
 and now numbers 116 members. It meets at Eound Top, in a hall building erected 
 for its use in 1886-87 by a stock company. Aurora Grange, No. 874, P. of H., was 
 organized March 8, 1889. It meets in the Packard building at Cherry Flats, and has 
 nearly sixty members. Union Grange, No. 1107, P. of H., was organized March 6, 
 1891, with thirty-four members. In 1893 it erected a hall building in Catlin Hollow, 
 at a cost of $800. It is prosperous and its membership is rapidly increasing. East 
 Charleston Tent, No. 88, K. 0. T. M., was organized November 17, 1893. It now 
 has about fifty members and meets in the hall over Waldo Spear's store in East 
 Charleston, which is also the meeting place of East Charleston Hive, No. 88, 
 L. 0. T. M. Catlin Hollow Tent, K. 0. T. M., wa^ organized March 7, 1896, with 
 eighteen members. It meets in the Grange hall in Catlin Hollow. 
 
 TILLAGES AND POSTOFFICES. 
 
 Cherry Flats is situated on the State road, near the headwaters of Elk run, and 
 was named by Timothy Culver, from a small flat forming part of its site, once 
 covered with a thick growth of wild cherry. The line dividing Charleston from 
 Covington township runs through it from north to south, a few feet east of A. J. 
 Eichards' store. The early settlement of the place has already been given. A post- 
 office was established here about 1845. Norman Eockwell, the first postmaster, held 
 the office until 1856, when Col. N. A. Elliott was appointed. His successors have 
 been Abraham Johnson, Irving Harkness, G. S. Parsons, L. M. Eose, appointed in 
 September, 1889; Albert F. Packard, April, 1893, and John C. Secor, the present 
 incumbent, July 33, 1893. A daily mail is received by stage from Wellsboro. The 
 first merchant was Oliver Elliott, who opened a general store in 1850, and continued 
 in business until 1868, when he removed to Mansfield. The second store was opened 
 in 1850 by Col. N. A. Elliott. Simeon P. Utter, William Adams, Norman Eockwell, 
 J. W. Elliott and G. S. Parsons were among the earlier merchants. There are now 
 two general stores in the place, one of which is kept by A. F. Packard and the other 
 by A. J. Eichards. Col. N. A. Elliott opened a hotel in 1851. In 1858 he sold it to 
 Christopher Williams, who kept it until it burned down in 1861. It has had no 
 successor. There are three churches in the village. The Baptist church, which is 
 the oldest, is in Charleston township; the Methodist Episcopal and the Second 
 Adventist across the line in Covington. The Cherry Plats Cheese Factory was 
 established in May, 1893, by F. E. Zimmer, of East Charleston. Its patrons are 
 residents of the eastern part of Charleston and western part of Covington townships. 
 The average annual output is 70,000 pounds. 
 
363' HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Whitneyville, or East Charleston postof6.ee, is situated in the northeastern part 
 of the township, within a mile of the Eichmond township line. One of the earhest 
 settlers here was Asa G. Churchill, whose name with that of John Churchill appears 
 on the assessment list of 1823. The name of Lemuel Churchill appears two years 
 later. Tyrus Eice, another early settler in this neighborhood appears on the assess- 
 ment list of 1838. The village, however, owes its existence to, and takes its name 
 from, Alonzo Whitney and Capt. Nelson Whitney, who settled on its site in 1848. 
 The father pursued farming until his death. May 1, 1881. The son, Capt. Nelson 
 Whitney, devoted himself to farming until 1858, when he opened a general store, 
 and soon did a business of about $20,000 a year. He also became interested in the 
 East Charleston Cheese Factory and other enterprises. Among those who have 
 succeeded him as merchants in the village have been Holman Morgan, John Kohler, 
 and others. Waldo Spear, the present merchant, has been in business since 1883. A 
 postoffice was established here about forty years ago, the first postmaster being 
 Alonzo Whitney. Among his successors have been Elias Tipple, Miss Carrie Stone 
 and Waldo Spear, the present incumbent, who came in 1883. A daily mail is received 
 by stage from Mansfield. A carding machine and steam saw-mill were established 
 over thirty years ago by Alonzo Whitney, and are now operated by Capt. Nelson 
 Whitney. 
 
 The East Charleston Cheese Factory was established in 1863 by a stock company. 
 It has been operated for several years past by F. E. Zimmer, who also operates 
 factories in Cherry Flats and Canoe Camp. 
 
 The Dartt Settlement is situated on Catlin Hollow run, north of the center 
 of the township. The pioneer settler here was Col. Justus Dartt, heretofore men- 
 tioned. He was the first postmaster of the ofiice which was established there nearly 
 three-quarters of a century ago. He continued to hold the oifice until his death. 
 His successors have been Cyrus Dartt, John W. Bailey, James -G. Dartt and C. B. 
 Bean, the present incumbent. Mr. James G. Dartt, who held the ofiice for many 
 years, received a check for three cents, being the balance due him by the government 
 upon final settlement. It is said to have been the smallest check ever cashed in the 
 county. The first school in the township was taught, and the first saw-mill erected 
 in the township was built here. The Union church, erected here about 1857 by the 
 Methodist and Baptists, was one of the first houses of worship in the township. 
 It is now owned by the Baptists. In the old cemetery lie the remains of Col. Justus 
 Dartt and Eoswell Bailey, as well as of other early settlers. 
 
 The Welsh Settlement is the name given to a section of the township southwest 
 of Cherry Flats, in which a number of Welshmen and their families settled between 
 1840 and 1850. The earlier ones to locate were Thomas Evans, Lewis Lewis, Miles 
 Harris, David G. Edwards, David Morris, Bees Morris, David Eeese, John Jones and 
 John E. Jones. Soon after coming they established a church in which worship 
 has been regularly maintained to the present time. The members of this settlement 
 enjoy a reputation for industry, thjiift and honesty, and are among the most pros- 
 perous and successful tillers of the soil in the township. 
 
 Round Top is the name of a village on Charleston creek in the southwestern 
 part of the township. It derives its name from the peculiar shape of the roof of 
 the first school house, which was known as the "Bound Top School House." A 
 
MIDDLEBUKY TOWNSHIP. 369 
 
 postoffice was established here in 1873, the first postmaster being Samuel Morgan. 
 His successors have been George Eabb, Charles Close, Mrs. Jane Close and E. G. 
 Close, the present incumbent, who took charge November 39, 1889. In 1873 Samuel 
 Morgan opened the first store in the village. He sold it, in 1873, to Charles Close. 
 After Mr. Close's death, in 1883, his widow carried on the business. In 1888 her 
 son, E. G. Close, became proprietor. The Wellsboro and Antrim railroad, completed 
 in 1873, passes through the village, in which there are now two churches, a grange 
 hall, a public school building and a cheese factory, besides a number of private 
 residences. The Eound Top Cheese Factory was established in 1865 by a stock 
 company. It was operated by Charles Close from 1870 until his death in 1883, 
 and by his widow until 1888, since which time it has been run by E. G. Close. It 
 has an annual output of 60,000 pounds of cheese. 
 
 Hill's Greek is the name of a settlement on Hill's creek near the northern line 
 of the township. The pioneer here was Dr. Jacob SchiefEelin. In 1827 he pur- 
 chased a large body of land in this section of the township, on which he located in 
 1838. In 1830 he built a saw-mill and for a number of years thereafter was a lead- 
 ing lumberman. In 1863 Solomon Bennett and Ira ISTewhall erected a steam saw- 
 mill here, and soon afterward sold it to Luther Bennett and George P. Card. Among 
 the early settlers in this part of the township were Chauncey Perry, Charles Ferry, 
 Sr., Chester Partridge, Tilden Cruttenden, Virgil Sweet, Marcus Benedict, John 
 Sampson, Capt. William Hill, whose name the creek bears, Thomas Kelly, James 
 Eoach, James Abernathy and Elisha Keeney. 
 
 CHAPTER XXY. 
 
 MIDDLEBUKY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Reduction of Area— Physical Features-Streams— Population 
 —Early Settlers— Early and Later Enterprises— Schools and Justices 
 —Churches— Cemeteries— Societies— Villages. 
 
 MIDDLEBUEY township was created in September, 1833, and was taken from 
 Delmar and Elkland townships. In May, 1831, a strip two miles wide from 
 east to west was taken from it on the west and added to Chatham township. It is 
 situated north of the center of the county, is bounded on the north by Faxmington 
 township; on the east by Tioga and Eichmond townships; on the south by Charles- 
 ton and Delntar townships, and on the west by Chatham township, and contains 
 about forty-eight square miles. The township is rugged and mountainous. The 
 principal stream is Crooked creek, which enters the township near the center of the 
 
 24 
 
370 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 western boundary line; flows southeast to Middlebury Center, and there takes a 
 northeast course, leaving the township near the northeast corner. Its branches 
 are Cumberland creek, formed by Norris brook and Catlin Hollow run; Hill's creek, 
 Stephen House run, Losey creek. White creek and Shingle School House run. The 
 altitude in the Crooked creek valley ranges from about 1,100 feet at Hammond to 
 1,192 feet at Niles Valley, railroad grade. The mountains rise to an altitude of 
 1,800 to 2,000 feet above sea level. Owing to the numerous creek branches and to 
 a gradual widening of the Crooked creelc valley as it approaches the Tioga township 
 line, a fair proportion of the area of the township is tillable. Its alluvium valley 
 soils are very fertile and are especially adapted to the raising of tobacco, large quan- 
 tities of which have been produced during recent years. Cereal grains, grasses and 
 orchard fruits are also produced. The farmers of the township are, as a rule, 
 prosperous. The township has had a steady and progressive growth. In 1840 there 
 were 725 inhabitants; in 1870, 1,500; in 1880, 1,737, and in 1890, 1,658. 
 
 BAKLY SETTLERS. 
 
 It is a difficult matter to determine who was the first white .person to settle 
 within the present boundaries of Middlebury township. The honor appears to 
 belong to Elisha White, whose name is found on the census roll of 1800, and who 
 came during that or the preceding year. He was a native of New England, and 
 settled on the site of Holidaytown, where his son, Daniel White, bom in 1815, — ^the 
 oldest living person born in the township — still resides. Some of the immediate 
 descendants of the old pioneers claim that Abner Kelsey settled before WTiite, but 
 the absence of his name from the census roll, would indicate that he did not come 
 until later. Kelsey settled just below Middlebury Center, on Crooked creek, about 
 where A. B. A. Briggs now resides. Eoswell Ives settled on the 300 acres adjoining 
 Elisha White on the north. John Ives, second, between Holidaytown and Middle- 
 bury Center, and Jesse Losey on Hill's creek. The Loseys and the Ives' were 
 pioneers in Tioga township and borough, and are mentioned in the chapters devoted 
 to them. The years of their coming into Middlebury cannot be definitely ascer- 
 tained, but they were among the very earliest settlers. Their names appear on the 
 assessment list of Delihar township, which then included Middlebury, for 1812. 
 
 Eichard Goodwin, a native of New Hampshire, settled two miles below Middle- 
 bury Center in 1807, on land a portion of which is now owned by his grandson, 
 George H. Goodwin. Thomas Keeney , a native of Hartford, Connecticut, settled in 
 the autumn of 1815 just above Holidaytown. Elijah Wedge came into the county 
 in 1815 and located at Stokesdale, but a few years later removed to and settled at 
 Niles Valley. John Koe, a native of Vermont, also came in 1815, and settled on 
 Crooked creek. Edsell Mitchell, a native of Tioga township, and reputed to be 
 the first white child born in the county, came in 1816, and settled on the farm below 
 Holidaytown, now occupied by his sons, Thomas E. and William A. Jacob Hymes, 
 another early settler on Crooked creek, was in the township in 1816. John Losinger 
 came about 1817 and is said to have been the first settler on the site of the village 
 of Mies Valley, where he was operating a distillery two years later. Elpheus 
 Button and James Bryant settled about 1820, in which year Aaron and Erastus 
 Niles removed from Wellsboro and settled at Mies Valley. Aaron purchased the 
 
MIDDLEBUET TOWNSHIP. 371 
 
 Losinger land, the latter removing to the next place south, where he continued the 
 manufacture of whiskey. In 1820, also, Solomon Westbrook settled near the mouth 
 of Hill's creek. In 1833 George Abbott was living on the site of Keeneyville; Isaac 
 Losey on Losey creek, in the western part of the township, having settled there about 
 1818-20; Jacob Kiphart near Keeneyville; Israel P. Keeney near Holidaytown; 
 James Martin, William I. Millard, Jedediah Millard and James Maxwell below 
 Holidaytown; Thomas Boyes near the Chatham township line; Jesse Streeter, 
 David Sloat and Cornelius Saxbury near Keeneyville; Amasa Thompson below 
 Holidaytown, and Smith and Harry Cornell on Crooked creek below Holidaytown. 
 In 1824 Sala Cole, a native of "Windham, Connecticut, settled on the old Cole home- 
 stead near Hammond, and Simon Snyder Chamberlain on Crooked creek. About 
 1824 Archibald Hazelett settled on the site of Middlebury Center, and between 1825 
 and 1830 Thomas Leete settled on Crooked creek near Hammond. In 1829 John 
 "West, a native of Massachusetts, settled on the farm owned and occupied by the 
 late Nathan T. West near Middlebury Center. Sylvester and David Beckwith, who 
 had previously located in Tioga, settled near the Tioga township line on Crooked 
 creek. Here Sylvester erected, and for a number of years operated, a saw-mill. 
 These were the principal settlers up to 1830. The farms they located upon were con- 
 fined mainly to the Crooked creek valley. Tioga village was the nearest trading 
 point for a number of years. Lumbering was the principal industry until the farms 
 began to be cleared. The pioneers passed through the usual experiences and endured 
 all the hardships of frontier life, except having to deal with a savage foe. By 
 patient industry they laid the foundations of the prosperity now enjoyed by their 
 descendants, besides establishing schools and churches, and doing their duty toward 
 the upbuilding of the county. 
 
 BAELY AND LATEE ENTEEPBISES. 
 
 In 1820, when Aaron Mies came into the township, John Losinger had a small 
 distillery on the site of the "Old Eed Store," at Mies Valley. After selling his land 
 to Mies, he removed to the adjoining place on the south and there resumed dis- 
 tilHng. This appears to have been the pioneer enterprise in the township. John 
 and Fred. Losinger afterwards erected a saw-mill on Norris brook. It was run by an 
 over-shot water-wheel. In 1854 it gave place to a steam saw-mill erected by Solomon 
 Bennett and John M. Eandall. A store was run in connection with this mill. The 
 firm afterwards became S. Bennett & Son, and later Bennett, Diamond & Eandall. A 
 grist-mill was erected in 1868. It was destroyed by fire in 1880. The saw-mill was 
 operated until 1888. Another early saw-mill was erected on Crooked creek, near 
 the Tioga township line, by Sylvester Beckwith, and operated by him for a number 
 of years. The first grist-mill in the township was built on Crooked creek, above 
 Middlebury Center, by Amasa Thompson, about 1830, or, perhaps, earlier. About 
 1835 he built another mill above the mouth of Hill's creek, below Holidaytown. It 
 was run by himself and his son, Nathaniel Thompson, for a number of years. 
 Nathaniel Thompson sold it to T. E. Mitchell. In 1885 William T. Compton 
 secured the property and operated the mill until his death in 1890, when he was 
 succeeded by his son, Jesse C. Compton, the present owner. It is devoted to custom 
 work, and is known as the "Central Mills." 
 
372 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Elisha White built a saw-mill at Holidaytown over sixty years ago. It was 
 afterwards operated by Benjamin Holiday, until about 1853. Charles and George 
 Herrington built a grist-mill on Crooked creek, above Middlebury Center, about 
 1846. It was burned in 1848. About this time Joseph Lyons had a small feed-null 
 on his place near Mies Valley. About 1850 Arvine Clarke built the first steam saw- 
 mill in the township, on Crooked creek, just above Hammond. From 1853 to 1860 
 Judge Levi I. Nichols and his son, W. A. Nichols, ran a steam saw-mill just above 
 Middlebury Center. In 1866 Henry J. ShafE and Newbury Cloos, Jr., built a saw- 
 mill on Losey creek, which they operated until 1894. 
 
 The Niks Valley Tannery, the leading manufacturing enterprise in the town- 
 ship, was established in the summer of 1871 by 0. B. Lowell & Company. In 1884 
 they were succeeded by L. H. Lappell & Company. May 1, 1893, the property was 
 acquired by the Union Tanning Company, and is one of the series of tanneries 
 now operated by them in the county. This tannery manufactures what is known 
 as Union Crop sole leather, and uses about 4,000 tons of hemlock and oak bark 
 annually. About forty men are employed. James H. Orford is the superintendent, 
 and S. H. Orford, foreman. The store, formerly run in connection with the 
 tannery, is now carried on by Thomas Clarendon. 
 
 The Keeneyville Cheese Factory was built in 1885 by A. J. Smith, who ran it two 
 years. It is now operated by A. C. Close. This factory has a capacity of from 75,000 
 to 100,000 pounds of cheese annually. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The first school in the township was taught in a log building, which stood just 
 south of Daniel Holiday's barn. One of the early teachers here was Calvin Cowley, 
 known as "Black Hawk." About 1837 Amanda Hill, a daughter of Ebenezer Hill, 
 taught a school in Edsell Mitchell's barn. A school house was afterwards built 
 across the road from Thomas E. Mitchell's residence, in which the Baptist church 
 was organized in 1833. This building was used for about twenty-five years. Among 
 the teachers here were Charles Churchill, Henry Warner, Mary Ann Bentley, Nancy 
 Otterson, Eowena Porter, John Stevens and Chester Dolph. Schools were estab- 
 lished at an early day also at Niles Valley and Keeneyville. In June, 1889, the old 
 school house at Keeneyville was washed away by the great flood and a new one, cost- 
 ing $1,000, erected on higher ground to replace it. Good school buildings have also 
 been erected at Hammond, Holidaytown, Middlebury Center, Niles Valley and 
 other places in the township, in all of which competent teachers are employed, and 
 the latest and best methods of instruction followed. 
 
 The office of justice of the peace of the township has been filled since its organi- 
 zation by the following named persons: Jacob Babb, 1836; Eeuben Cloos, 1827; 
 Lucius Barto, 1837; Chauncey Alford, 1837; Martin Bowen, 1831; Samuel Snow, 
 1833; Jesse R. Eay, 1833; John P. Donaldson, 1834; A. M. Compton, 1834; 
 Daniel Holiday, 1835; re-elected, 1845, 1850, 1855, 1880, 1881; Simeon Houghton, 
 1836; Levi I. Nichols, 1836; Stephen Babeock, 1836; John C. Whitaker, 1836; 
 Richard Ellison, 1839; Sylvester Beckwith, 1840; Oliver Briggs, 1840; David 
 Beckwith, 1845; Benjamin King, 1850; Willis B. Daily, 1855; George D. Keeney, 
 1859; re-elected, 1864, 1869, 1881, 1886, 1891; Oliver P. MeClure, 1860; A. J. 
 
MIDDLEBUET TOWNSHIP. 373 
 
 Smith, 1870; Thomas Keeney, 1871; William C. Stevens, 1874; C. J. Smith, 1876; 
 S. I. Hayes, 1886; re-elected, 1891, 1896, and Lemuel F. Smart, 1896. 
 
 CHUEOHES. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Middlebury is one of the oldest Baptist churches 
 in Tioga county. The first steps toward organizing it were taken at a meeting held 
 September 4, 1830, of which Eev. Samuel Grinnell was moderator and Edsell 
 Mitchell clerk. July 2, 1831, a meeting was held, of which Elder Grinnell was 
 moderator, at which it was voted to invite a council to meet on the third Wednesday 
 of August, 1831; This council met August 17, 1831, and formally organized the 
 First Baptist Church of Middlebury. The following was the order of exercises: 
 Prayer of recognition, by Elder Elisha Booth; charge to the church, by Elder 
 Thomas S. Sheardown; hand of fellowship, given by Elder Piatt. September 10, 
 1831, Edsell Mitchell was appointed clerk, and Thomas Keeney, deacon. The names 
 of the original members, as nearly as they can be ascertained, were Elder Samuel 
 Grinnell, and Eosanna, his wife; Thomas Keeney, Edsell Mitchell, Nancy Mitchell, 
 Chauncey Mann, Jeremiah Churchill, Nathan Abbott, Simeon Babcock, Charles 
 Orchard, Michael Cady, Annette Flood, Katherine Matson, Martin Flood, Matthew 
 Hymes, Eachel Stout, Mary Keeney, Elizabeth Churchill, Sally Cady, Zilpha Losey 
 and Patience Churchill. The meetings of the church were held in the old school 
 house on the Mitchell place. It was not, however, until 1890, in which year the 
 church was incorporated, during the pastorate of Eev. Fisher Wilson, that the society 
 succeeded in erecting its own house of worship. It now has a neat frame church 
 building, representing an outlay of $1,700. A Sunday-school was organized May 
 23, 1891, with a membership of fifty, of which V. W. Lewis is the superintendent. 
 The church now has about sixty members. The following named ministers have 
 served as pastors since its organization: Eevs. Samuel Grinnell, 1831-35; W. S. 
 Smith, 1835-36; J. T. Coffin, 1842-44; Samuel Bullock, 1845; Elder Burmaa, 
 1847-48; C. Beebe, 1851-52; Elder Smith, 1855-57; Levi Stone, 1857; Elder 
 Marriott, 1858-59; G. P. Watrous, 1863-65; C. A. Stone, 1867-69; C. Beebe, 1870; 
 C. K. Bunnell, 1871-72; G. P. Watrous, 1873; H. E. Ford, 1874-76; D. T. Van 
 Doren, 1877-79; George Crocker, 1882; E. K. Hammond, 1883-84; H. M. Wolf, Jr., 
 1886; S. Z. Batten, 1887; Fisher Wilson, 1890-91; W. H. Porter, 1892-94; S. P. 
 Brundage, 1895-96; A. C. Bennett, 1896-97. The first prayer meeting in the town- 
 ship was held at the house of Edsell Mitchell. He was also superintendent of the 
 Sunday-school for over forty years. 
 
 The Hammond Regular Baptist Church was organized at Hammond, July 31, 
 1894, with thirty-four members, as follows: G. L. Cole and Frank Pease, deacons; 
 A. G. Hammond, clerk; Emmer H. Steele, treasurer; S. P. Spaulding, H. L. 
 Stevens, Frank Hammond, C. H. Stevens, and Frank McKinney, trustees; and 
 Martha, Amy, Keith and Callie Hammond, Daisy Hymes, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Farr, 
 Jenny Farr, Lulu Nichols, C. G. Bailey, Mrs. Elizabeth and Mrs. C. Cutter, Arthur 
 Cutter, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Stevens, Paul and Jenny Stevens, Mrs. Frank Pease, 
 Morgan Pease, Mr. and Mrs. J. DeGrote, and Caroline, Emma and Louisa Eoot. 
 The first pastor was Eev. W. H. Porter, who remained one year, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by S. J. Brundage. A. C. Bennett, the present pastor, who also has charge 
 
374 HISTOET OF TIOOA COUNTY. 
 
 of the churches at Tioga and Holidaytown, came in the autumn of 1896. A neat 
 house of worship was dedicated February 31, 1895. The church now numbers forty- 
 seven members. There are fifty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Arthur G. 
 Hammond is the superintendent. A Young People's Christian Endeavor Society, 
 with fifty members, was organized February 35, 1895. It is composed of the young 
 people of the church. 
 
 The Keeneyville Free Baptist Church was organized in 1840 as the "Chatham 
 and Middlebury Free Will Baptist Church," and was composed of the societies 
 then existing in Chatham and Middlebury townships. In 1846 each society took 
 a separate name, the one under consideration, being known as "Middlebury Free Will 
 Baptist Church," until June 3, 1895, when it was incorporated as the "Keeneyville 
 Free Baptist Church." The church was organized in Keeneyville by Elder Jesse 
 Bennett, and among the original members were George Abbott, the first deacon, and 
 Linda, his wife; Mrs. Eeuben Stevens, Eachel Slote, Sarah Carpenter, Mrs. Hods- 
 kiss, Peter Huntsinger and Solomon and Sophronia Huntsinger. Nathan West, 
 who joined in 1844, was a deacon for many years. About 1848 or 1849 the place 
 of worship was removed to the Losey Creek school house, where the society held ser- 
 vices for about thirty years, and then returned to Keeneyville, where a neat church 
 building, costing $1,300, was erected in 1895. Elder Jesse Bennett was the first 
 pastor; Rev. Selden Butler was pastor for about twentj^-five years. A. G. Downey 
 served from 1883 to 1885; 0. C. Hills and Wesley Ingerick each one year; William 
 Smith and wife came in 1890, and J. C. Warren, the present pastor, in 1894. The 
 church now numbers twenty-four members. 
 
 The Free Baptist Church of Holidaytown was organized in 1888 by Rev. 0. J. 
 Moon, and the society incorporated September 3, 1889, by A. J. Dickinson, A. D. 
 West, C. F. Sweet, George H. Rozell and Jacob Doan. It now numbers ninety mem- 
 bers. The names of the pastors are as follows: 0. J. Moon, 1888-89; H. M. Abbey, 
 1889; R. M. Cloud, 1893-94; J. C. Warren, 1895-96. The old house of worship, 
 erected as a union church about 1858, and occupied for many years by the Regular 
 Baptist society, was purchased at sherifE's sale in 1889 and is now the property of the 
 society. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Middlebury, otherwise known as the 
 "Shingle School House Church," was organized about fifty years ago. It has been 
 in the Little Marsh and Farmington charges, except since 1893, when it was placed 
 in the Keeneyville charge. Among the pastors who have served the society are Revs. 
 Purvis, Ford, Charles Weeks, J. W. Miller, 1881-84; J. C. Stevens, 1884-86; W. 
 M. DuBois, 1886-87; A. G. Cole, 1887-93; C. R. Morrow, 1893-93; W. R. Kenyon, 
 1893-94; A. Scrimshaw, 1894-95; A. T. Percy, 1895-96, and Uri Mulford, 1896-97. 
 The society was incorporated July 7, 1884, in which year a house of worship, cost- 
 ing $1,400, was erected. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Keeneyville, incorporated May 9, 1893, was 
 organized as the Keeneyville charge in 1893. Previous to that time it had been in 
 the Little Marsh and East Charleston charges, and was served by the pastors ap- 
 pointed to those charges. The present society is the outgrowth of a class organized 
 a number of years ago. Since it was organized as a separate charge the pastors — who 
 have also served the churches at the Shingle school house and at Mies Valley — 
 
MIDDLEBUKY TOWNSHIP. 375 
 
 have been as follows: Eevs. W. E. Kenyon, 1893-94; A. Scrimshaw, 1894-95; A. T. 
 Percy, 1895-96, and Uri Mulford, 1896-97. A church building costing $3,300 
 was erected in 1892, in conjunction with Middlebury Lodge, No. 844, I. 0. 0. F. 
 This church has a growing membership. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Niles Valley, incorporated October 1, 
 1888, is the outgrowth of a Methodist class organized in 1863 or 1863. Among the 
 original members were Joseph E. Lyon — the first Methodist in the valley — Abram 
 Lyon, Mary Lyon (wife of DeLong Cutter), Sarah Lyon (wife of Lorenzo Cutter), 
 Augustus Lyon, Lydia Lyon (wife of Orlando Jones), Mrs. T. Carpenter, James H. 
 Niles and Emily, his wife, and John Diamond. The meetings were held in the 
 school house. In 1886-87 a church building, costing $1,300, was erected. The pas- 
 tors since the erection of the building have been Eevs. H. J. Owen, 1887-90; A. W. 
 Decker, 1890-92; F. A. Peterson, 1893-93; W. E. Kenyon, 1893-94; A. Scrimshaw, 
 1894-95; A. T. Percy, 1895-96, and Uri Mulford, 1896-97. Previous to 1893 this 
 church was in the East Charleston charge. It is now in the Keeneyville charge. 
 There are nearly fifty members in the church and forty pupils in the Sunday-school, 
 of which William Manning is the superintendent. There is also an Epworth 
 League of thirty-four active members. 
 
 CEMETEHIES. 
 
 The Holiday town Cemetery Association, incorporated February 5, 1875, by 
 Daniel Holiday, V. B. Holiday, Daniel White, Samuel H. Hays and W. W. White, 
 own and control the old burying ground south of the village of Holidaytown. Here 
 lies buried Jesse Losey, the first settler on the site of the borough of Tioga. He 
 died March 13, 1844, aged 85 years. Here rest also the remains of the members of 
 the Ives, West, Wedge, Archer, Dickinson, Holiday, Keeney and other early fami- 
 lies. There is another burying ground on the side hill northwest of the village, in 
 which a number of interments have been made. It is now on private property, and 
 interments have ceased. 
 
 The Middlebury Cemetery Association, incorporated August 3, 1865, own a 
 burial ground of one and a half acres at Hammond. The incorporators were: Daniel 
 G., Henry A., Ezra I., George 0., Martin and James M. Stevens, A. C. and Heber 
 Cole, J. H. Westbrook, John Starkey, Chauncey LaForce, Cephas Bailey, A. A. 
 M. Lane, Calvin Hammond, George Potter and William Chase. 
 
 The Niles Valley Cemetery Association was incorporated April 38, 1881, by 
 Philander Niles, E. M. Niles, J. A. Fletcher, Abram Lyon and Henry Wedge. The 
 burial ground owned by this association is situated on the hillside southeast of the 
 village of Niles Valley. The remains of many of the early settlers of Niles Valley 
 and Middlebury Center are buried here. 
 
 The Keeneyville Cemetery is situated west of the village of Keeneyville. It is 
 neatly fenced and well kept, and is the resting place of many of the early settlers 
 at Keeneyville and in the western part of the township. There is also an old neigh- 
 boring burying ground on Losey creek, in the northwestern part of the township. 
 
 The Shingle School House Cemetery, near the Shingle school house, north of 
 Keeneyville, is also an old burying ground. It is not incorporated. 
 
 The French Hill Cemetery Association was incorporated September 34, 1894, by 
 
376- HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 A. D. ShafiE, S. J. Eoe, N. T. French, P. D. Shaff, John Brown and James Shaff. 
 This cemetery is situated in the northwestern part of the township at what is known 
 as French hill. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Middlebury Lodge, No. 844, I. 0. 0. P., was organized June 37, 1873, with 
 nine members. It now has 160 members and is one of the most prosperous lodges 
 in the county. In 1892, in connection with the Methodist Episcopal church of 
 Keeneyville, it erected a building costing $3,300, and at the present time has $5,000 
 in the treasury. Middlebury Grange, No. 705, was organized May 14, 1874, with a 
 large membership, and was incorporated August 34, 1891. It now has a membership 
 of 135, owns a fine hall, with spacious carriage sheds and extensiye grounds, and 
 is prosperous. Niles Valley Grange, P. of H., was organized in 1889. It meets at 
 Holidaytown and has a membership of seventy-five. Keeneyville Tent, No. 167, 
 K. 0. T. M., was organized May 3, 1893. For the past two years it has been the 
 banner tent of the county and now numbers eighty-five members. Keeneyville Hive, 
 No. 77, L. 0. T. M., was organized April 18, 1895, and contains thirty-five members. 
 
 TILLAGES. 
 
 Holidaytown, or Crooked Greek Postoffice, is situated about a mile and a half 
 south and east of the geographical center of the township, on Crooked creek. It was 
 named Holidaytown for Daniel Holiday, who has resided in the village since 1832. 
 The first settler here was Elisha "White, who came in 1799 or 1800, and whose son, 
 Daniel White, bom here in 1815, is still living, his present residence being but a few 
 rods distant from the site of the old cabin in which he was born. The first store was 
 kept here from 1830 to 1835 by Daniel Holiday, who built a tavern in 1832, which he 
 kept until 1857. It was burned in 1861. Another building was erected about 1870. 
 I. P. Keeney was landlord here for three years, and was succeeded by H. P. Holiday, 
 who closed the house as a hotel in 1893. The postoffice was established in 1839. 
 Thomas Keeney was the first postmaster. He kept the office where his son Thomas 
 now resides. His successors have been Benjamin Holiday, Edsell Mitchell, Ezra 
 Potter, S. I. Holiday, John E. Eedington, M. P. Kelsey, I. A. Newhall, E. 0. "West- 
 brook, A. J. Smith, M. G. "White, T. M. Archer, "W. J. Brown and H. L. Hays, the 
 present incumbent. Previous to S. I. Holiday's appointment the office was kept at 
 the home of the postmaster. Since then it has been either in the hotel or one of 
 the stores. The present merchants are H. L. Hays and M. G. "White, each of whom 
 keeps a general store. There are two church buildings — the Baptist and the Free 
 Baptist churches — and a public school building in the village. A planing-mill, 
 shingle-mill and wagon shop is operated by George Baker. The station of the Fall 
 Brook Eailroad Company is in charge of Van Buren B. Holiday, who has filled the 
 position since the opening of the road in 1873. Dr. James L. Beers, the resident 
 physician, located here in 1889, and has built up a lucrative practice. 
 
 Niles Valley is situated near the southern boundary line of the township. It 
 is at this point that Norris creek, after flowing almost due east out of Chatham 
 township, where it has its source, turns north. At the tannery it unites with Catlin 
 Hollow run to form Cumberland creek, which, after flowing a short mile, unites with 
 
MIDDLEBUKT TOWNSHIP. 377 
 
 Crooked creek at Middlebury Center. Just south of Niles Valley is the Big Marsh — 
 the watershed of the valley. In times of high water, it is said, the water iiows from 
 this marsh north toward Norris brook and south toward Marsh creek. There is evi- 
 dence goiug to show that this stream formerly flowed into Crooked creek and thence 
 to the Tioga river. This matter is, however, more fully dealt with in previous chap- 
 ters. It is said that Norris brook takes its name from a Mr. Norris, who was the first 
 settler on the site of Mies VaUey. It is more than probable, however, that it was 
 named for John Norris, an early settler on the Big Marsh, who, in 1813, was ap- 
 pointed prothonotary and recorder, and afterward became one of the leading men of 
 Wellsboro. John Losinger is usually spoken of as the first actual settler on the site 
 of the village. In 1830 when Aaron Niles came and bought his land he had a small 
 distillery on the site of the "Old Eed Store." After selling his land to Niles he 
 moved south to the adjoining place and resumed distilling. In 1830, Erastus Niles, 
 a brother of Aaron, and David Creenleaf settled on the village site. In 1853 there 
 were hving in and around the village, Aaron Niles, Erastus Niles, Philander Niles, 
 Joseph E. Lyon, Samuel "Wedge and John Losinger. A postoffice was estabhshed 
 in 1859, with Jerome B. Niles as postmaster. The ofiice has since been held by John 
 Dimond, John Fletcher, T. D. Eouse, John Fletcher and Stephen Mclnroy, who was 
 appointed in July, 1893. The first store in the village was opened in 1868 by John 
 T. Purvis, and conducted by him until 1885, when he retired from business. The 
 store at the tannery was opened in 1871, and is now carried on by Thomas Clarendon. 
 Fletcher & "Wedge conducted a general store for several years. George E. Adams, 
 who has been in business six years, and C. A. Stratton, who began business in March, 
 1894, are the present merchants. The Niles Valley tannery and the Methodist 
 Episcopal church are dealt with elsewhere in this chapter. John T. Purvis, who was 
 appointed when the road was opened in 1873, is the Fall Brook Eailroad Company's 
 station agent. The Niles Valley Hotel was opened in 1860 by G. "W. Lloyd, and 
 kept by him until his death in 1870, since which time the house has been carried 
 on by his widow. 
 
 Middlehury Center, known for many years as "Potters," is situated south of the 
 center of the township, at the junction of Cumberland and Crooked creeks. The 
 first settler here was Archibald Hazelett, who located about 1834. The place took 
 the name of "Potters" from Henry H. Potter, who came in 1843, and who, for over 
 thirty years, kept hotel on the west side of the toll road. His sons, A. W., Benjamin 
 and G. W., also kept this hotel. It was closed in 1893, and has since been used as a 
 family residence. Before Potter's coming, Taft Aldrieh and William T. Compton 
 kept a log tavern near the same site. In 1884 the present Starkey House was built 
 by H. M. Lowell. Its landlords have been H. M. Lowell, "W. W. Finch, "William 
 Brown, A. M. Hazelett and Henry J. Shaff, each of whom kept it one year. In 1889 
 John Starkey bought the property. The buildings burned May 10, 1891. The 
 present house was built on the same site and opened in the fall by Mr. Starkey, who 
 still owns it. The postoffice was established in 1845, the first postmaster being 
 Henry H. Potter, who kept it continuously till 1877, except between 1857 and 1861, 
 when Henry New, the toUgate keeper held it. Archibald Hazelett held it from 1877 
 to 1881; H. M. Lowell, 1881-85; Frank Starkey, 1885-93, and George F. Davis, who 
 was appointed in September, 1893. 
 
378 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Keeneyville is situated on Crooked creek, in the western part of tlie township. 
 It was named in honor of Elias Keeney, a blacksmith, who settled on the village site 
 previous to 1835. The village is now regarded as the largest and most important 
 one in the township, notwithstanding the disadvantage of being distant several 
 miles from the railroad. A postoffiee was established here about 1856, E. P. Wilson 
 being the first postmaster. The following named persons have since held the office: 
 Jesse Keeney, M. W. Staples, A. J. Smith, J. C. Eoe, Levi Beck, E. G. Close and 
 Jared Davis, who was appointed in July, 1894. The first store was started before the 
 Civil War by Charles 0. Etz. The succeeding merchants were Chase & Hymes, 
 Silas Staples, Hugh W. Wellington, Card, Staples & Son, Eichard Keeney, and M. C. 
 Potter, 1864 to 1889. In February, 1896, there were two general stores— Close 
 Brothers, and A. J. & M. J. Smith, and one furniture store, kept by J. W. Eoe. 
 The first hotel in the village was opened in 1860 by E. L. Wilson. His successors 
 were W. Stevens, M. C. Potter, John Carl, W. H. Wood and Gilbert B. Owlett. Dr. 
 J. L. Blatchley also kept hotel for a number of years. The names of the physicians 
 who have practiced here are: Dr. Leonard, Dr. Wiley, Dr. J. L. Blatchley, who 
 remained over twenty years; Dr. Augustus Niles, who removed to Wellsboro, in 
 1893, after having practiced fifteen years, and Dr. Luther N. Cloos, who read medi- 
 cine under Dr. Niles, and who bought his residence and practice in 1893. The 
 village is in the midst of a rich agricultural section and has grown to be an im- 
 portant trading point. Its churches and the public school are well attended, and the 
 different secret ajid beneficiary societies, which meet in the village, have a large 
 membership and are prosperous. 
 
 Hammond is the name of a station and postoffiee on Crooked creek, in the 
 eastern part of the township. The postoffiee was established here in 1873, since 
 which time the office of postmaster has been filled by Alexander McLean, Frank 
 Hammond, D. Carlton and W. H. Carlton, the present incumbent, who was ap- 
 pointed in March, 1893. Mr. Carlton also carries on a general store, the only one 
 in the place. The railroad station agent is J. E. DeGrote. 
 
CHAPTEE XXVI. 
 
 PAKMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Area and Boundaries— Physical Characteristics— Streams 
 AND Drainage— Population— Early Settlers— Manufacturing Enterprises 
 —Schools and Justices— Churches— Cemeteries— Postoffices and Post- 
 masters. 
 
 FAEMINGTON township was created in February, IS 30, and was taken from 
 Elkland township. It is nine miles in length from east to west, has an average 
 width of four miles and contains about thirty-six square miles. It is bounded on the 
 north by the boroughs of Osceola, Elkland and Nelson, and a part of the township 
 of Lawrence; on the east by Lawrence and Tioga townships; on the south by Middle- 
 bury, and on the west by Chatham and Deerfield. Lying midway between the Cowan- 
 esque river, on the north, and Crooked creek, on the south, this township forms 
 a part of the watershed between the two streams. Its surface is rugged, hills and 
 valleys alternating. With but few exceptions, however, the former are tillable from 
 base to summit, and at least seventy-five per cent, of the area of the township is 
 under cultivation. It is distinctively an agricultural township and one of the best 
 in the county. The drainage is principally toward the north and east. Thorn Bottom 
 and Cummirigs' creeks, which rise west of the center of the township, flow northeast 
 into Nelson township. The valley of the former, on account of its picturesque 
 beauty, is known as Pleasant valley. Elkhom creek rises near Farmington 
 Hill and flows southwest into Tioga township, uniting with Crooked creek at 
 Tioga. A few of the smaller tributaries of Crooked creek rise in the southern part 
 of the township and flow south into Middlebury township. The township was 
 heavily timbered when first settled. This has been cleared away, except a few 
 acres here and there. The pine and hemlock has been manufactured into lumber. 
 Owing to its small streams the township has not had many saw-mills within its 
 boundaries, and the pine and hemlock logs have, as a rule, been hauled to Osceola, 
 Elkland, Nelson, Tioga and other milling points, and there manufactured into 
 lumber. 
 
 The township has no villages and it is claimed for it that there has never been 
 a license granted to sell liquor within its boundaries. It has grown slowly but pros- 
 perously, and is in many respects the model farming township of the county. 
 In 1840 it had 503 inhabitants; 1870, 997; 1880, 995, and 1890, 907. 
 
 EAKLT SETTLERS. 
 
 It is a difficult matter to determine who was the first white man to settle within 
 the present boundaries of Farmington township, or to definitely fix upon the year of 
 his coming. Lemuel Cady, a carpenter and Joiner, is credited with locating at Osceola 
 about 1810. In 1813, so his living descendants say, he went into Farmington town- 
 
380 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ship, and bought 200 acres of land near what is now known as the Cady school house, 
 but his name does not appear upon the assessment rolls of Elkland township, from 
 which Parmington was taken, until 1817. In 1818 he returned to Osceola where 
 he remained imtil 1823, when he went back to Farmington, bought a tract of land 
 near his former location and became a permanent resident. He worked at his trade 
 imtil 1839. The name of David Bryant appears on the assessment list of Delmar 
 township for 1812, the territory of which then included Farmington, and so far as 
 can now be learned, he appears to have been the first permanent settler. He located 
 on the State road, on what was long known as the Bryant homestead. He was still 
 a resident of the township in 1831, the year of its organization. The name of 
 David C. Bryant makes its appearance on the assessment list of 1819. The name 
 was spelled "Briant" by the assessors. Tha names of Ezra Cummings and Chandler 
 W. Chamberlain, both residents of the township at its organization, appear on the 
 assessment list of 1823, as does also that of Jacob Culnmings. Martin Bowen's 
 name is on the assessment list of 1838. In this year also appears the name of John 
 McCallum. His descendants say he was the fifth settler in the township. The 
 assessment list of 1829 contains the name of William Gee, whom his descendants 
 say came in 1824. Moses Atwood appears to have settled about 1829. James Cook 
 came in 1830 and erected a saw-mill. Peter Moury came previous to 1831, as did 
 also Asa Moury. It has been stated that in 1828 there were but four log cabins in 
 the township, and that in 1830, when the first election was held, there were but 
 eleven voters. If this be true, the township must have grown rapidly during the next 
 year, inasmuch as the assessment list of 1831 shows sixty-five persons, who were 
 assessed as owners of seated lands and personal property within its boundaries. 
 Among the more prominent of these, in addition to those already named, were Ives 
 Chamberlain, Zebediah Clark, James Works, John and Daniel Crippen, Jacob 
 Lichenthaler, David Cummings, Job Herrick, Lockwood G. Hoyt, Freeman Place, 
 Alva. Cummings, John C. Eobb, Samuel P. Babcock, Jonathan Sobres, Nathan 
 Bottom, Charles Carr, Eandall Drake, George Stanley, William Perrigo, Johnson 
 Butts, Henry B. Turk, Harvey Foster, Hiram Merritt, Samuel and Daniel Buckbee, 
 and Abner Webster. Descendants of most of these pioneers are still to be found 
 in the township. Like the early settlers in other townships of the county, they 
 felled the forests, cleared the lands and planted homes for themselves and their 
 descendants and lived to see the township transformed from a wilderness to a 
 thrifty and prosperous agricultural community. 
 
 MANTTFACTTJEING ENTEHPEISES. 
 
 James Cook erected a saw-mill on Elkhorn creek in 1831. In 1838 he was 
 suceeded as owner by Ephanetus Cook, who sold to Northrop Young in 1849, who 
 was succeeded in 1853 by Lyman Fisk. This mill was afterward changed to a 
 steam mill and was operated until 1882, being owned at the time by A. J. Fisk. Peter 
 Moury operated a saw-mill from 1844 to 1847. These appear to be the only saw- 
 mills erected in the township. 
 
 The West Farmington Cheese Factory, located near the Cady school house, was 
 erected in the spring of 1895. It is owned and operated by E. A. Bean, of Knox- 
 ville, and has an output of 70,000 pounds of cheese annually. 
 
FAKMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 381 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The first school was taught in the township in 1836 and was located in what 
 is now known as the House district. Within the next few years school buildings 
 were erected in other parts of the township. Although the public school law went 
 into effect in 1835, the schools were supported by subscription until 1850. Ten 
 schools are now maintained within the township, there being an average of seven 
 months school each year. Good school buildings have been erected and a liberal 
 policy pursued in supplying them with furniture, globes, maps, charts, etc. Com- 
 petent teachers are employed and are paid fair wages. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 organization of the township: Martin Bowen, 1831; Samuel Snow, 1881; A. M. 
 Compton, 1834; John C. Whitaker, 1836; Eiehard Ellison, 1838; Chamdler W. Cham- 
 berlain, 1840, John C. Eobb, 1840; Eockwell "W. House, 1845; John A. Kemp, 
 1845; re-elected, 1850; John Peters, 1850; Seneca Horton, 1855; J. B. Redfield, 
 1855; Eeuben T. Hall, 1858; M. D. Bosard, 1860; James Beebe, 1863; re-elected, 
 1868; Andrew J. Doane, 1864; A. J. Smith, 1866; J. M. Shaw, 1869; William 
 Campbell, 1869; Aurel J. Fisk, 1874; Edgar D. Eish, 1877; re-elected, 1882; E. S. 
 Lugg, 1879; J. H. Merritt, 1885; re-elected, 1890, 1895; Justus Leonard, 1887; 
 re-elected, 1893. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The Presbyterian Congregation of Farmington was organized February 10, 1844, 
 at the house of Johnson Butts near Earmington Hill. The constituent members 
 were Johnson and Lucy Butts, John C. Eobb, Miss Prudence Crippen, Mrs. Prudence 
 Poster, and Josiah H. and Mary Ann Foster. The elders have been Johnson Butts, 
 Peter M. Close, John C, Eobb, Harvey Foster, P. L. Butts, 0. H. Blanchard and 
 D. P. Close. Eev. S. J. MeCuUough, who organized the church, was its pastor till 
 1848. His successors have been Eevs. Thomas E. Woodcock, J. Gordon Camahan, 
 
 F. Band, 1859; Fred Graves, 1866; S. A. Rawson, 1873; Benjamin Russell, 1880; 
 C. B. Gillette, 1881; U. G. Williams, 1885; S. P. Gates, 1889; J. I. Campbell, 1890; 
 John H. Elliott, 1892, and W. C. McCormack, who took charge in January, 1896. 
 He is also pastor of the church at Tioga. A church edifice was erected in 1851 at a 
 cost of $1,200, and has been repaired as needed. The congregation is a strong one. 
 Services have been held with but occasional interruption since the society was organ- 
 ized and a good Sunday-school maintained. The society was incorporated February 
 14, 1853, upon the petition of John Harrower, Peter M. Close, Isaiah H. Foster, 
 Johnson Butts, John C. Eobb and Leverett L. Wilson. 
 
 The Farmington Hill Methodist Episcopal Church was organized about 1845. 
 The following are the names of the original members: Daniel S. Buckbee, S. P. 
 Buckbee, Mrs. Hannah Buckbee, Miss Katie Buckbee, Mrs. John Crippen, Mr. . and 
 Mrs. H. Merritt, Mr. and Mrs. John Edgbert, Mrs. Katie Tremain, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Benjamin S. Mulford, and H. B. Turk. The following named pastors have served 
 this church: Eevs. G. W. Terry, Mr. Grandin, A. E. Jones, Mr. Davison, E. D, Eosea, 
 Mr. Christian, E. L. Stillwell, James Duncan, J. M. Powell, J. H. Austin, 1860-63; 
 
 G. K Packer, 1863-64; C. L. E. Howe, 1864-66; Y. Brownell, 1866-67; W. M. 
 Haskell, 1867; W. H. Eumsey, T. L. Weaver, John Van Kirk; Harvey Lamkin, 
 
382 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1873-76; C. J. Bradbury, 1876-77; G. W. Howland, 1877-79; Harvey Lamkin, 
 1879-81; J. W. Gamble, 1881-83; J. D. Eequa, 1883-85; E. E. Thomas, 1885-86; 
 F. A. Peterson, 1886-88; W. L. Linaberry, 1888-89; C. M. Gardner, 1889-91; D. 0. 
 Chamberlayne, 1891-92; L. P. Thurston, 1892-95; Xlri Mulford, 1895-96, and D. E. 
 Stiles, who took charge in October, 1896. The society was first organized by Daniel 
 Buckbee, and services were held in a log school house. In 1852, during the pastorate 
 of Eev. A. E. Jones, a church edifice was erected on Farmington Hill, at a cost of 
 about $1,500. The society now numbers sixty-three members. There is a good 
 Sunday-school and a Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of West Farmington — also known as the 
 Pleasant Valley Church — was organized in November, 1883, by Eev. James Scovill, 
 pastor. The following are the names of the original members: S. C. Doane, class 
 leader; Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Teachman, Mr. and Mrs. William Van Dusen, Mr. and 
 Mrs. M. A. Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Simeon Cady, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Casbeer, 
 Mrs. Charles Starr, Mr. and Mrs. Morris Seely, and Mrs. Eedfield. The names of the 
 pastors are as follows: Eevs. James Scovill, 1883-85; M. D. Jackson, 1885-86; 
 William S. Crajadall, 1886-88; D. L. Pitts, 1888-90; Melvin J. Smith, 1890-91; 
 J. W. Miller, 1891-94; A. G. Cole, 1894-96, and W. J. Wilson, who came in October, 
 1896. The first trustees were Eev. Charles Weeks, Simeon Cady and Aaron Baker, 
 under whose supervision a church building costing $1,300 was erected in 1883,. 
 on land purchased from Simeon Cady. It stands in the valley of Thorn Bottom 
 creek, in the midst of a prosperous agricultural section. There are at present 
 fifty members in the society, which is in the Osceola charge. There are sixty 
 pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Aaron Baker is the superintendent. 
 
 CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Farmington Cemetery Association was incorporated December 2, 1872. The 
 cemetery owned and controlled by this association embraces two acres of land and 
 was opened in 1854. It adjoins the Presbyterian church. The incorporators were 
 James Beebe, E. H. Close, 0, H. Blanchard, Eeuben T. Hall, 0. L. Butts, George 
 White, James L. Eobb and P. M. Close. It is neatly fenced and well cared for. It 
 has been for nearly half a century the burial place for the families resident in the 
 eastern part of the township. 
 
 The Union Cemetery Company of Farmington was incorporated December 5,, 
 1873. The incorporators were Andrew Van Dusen, Edgar M. Stevens, James E. 
 Peters, J. B. Eedfield, Carlos H. House, William Welch, A. B. Wright, William 
 Pierce, Willard Cass, E. D. Fish, Charles Edwards, William Van Dusen and Milo 
 Anderson, all representatives of old families in the western part of Farmington 
 and eastern part of Chatham townships. This cemetery, known as the Peters cem- 
 etery, is situated on high ground near the old parsonage. It contains the graves 
 of many of the first settlers of the township. 
 
 The Cemetery Association of North Farmington was incorporated April 13, 1882, 
 by J. W. Teachman, Osceola; Warren Phelps, Farmington, and Eev. Charles Weeks,. 
 Nelson. This cemetery is located about half a mile east of the Pleasant Valley 
 church, on the road to Nelson. The land was given by Eev. Charles Weeks and 
 wife. The deed and charter require that the money derived from the sale of lots shall 
 
PABMINQTON TOWNSHIP. 333 
 
 constitute a permanent fund, the interest of which shall be devoted to keeping the 
 grounds in proper condition and repair. The first interment was made here in 
 1851. It was a family burying ground for many years. 
 
 The Moury Cemetery, a family burying ground, was incorporated April 30, 1886, 
 by Jonathan and Charles W. Mourie, Daniel Moury, Ira H. Moury and Henry Moury. 
 This was the private burying ground of the Moury family. It was incorporated to 
 preserve it in perpetuity as a cemetery. 
 
 Besides these incoi-porated cemeteries there are several private burying grounds 
 in different parts of the township.. Among these may be mentioned the Gee burying 
 ground, and the Jacob Prutsman burying ground. All the public and private 
 cemeteries are well cared for and contain an unusually large number of handsome 
 marble and granite monuments. 
 
 POSTOFFICES AND POSTMASTEKS. 
 
 The West Farmington Postoffice was established about 1858, the first postmaster 
 being C. H. House. His successors have been Ansel Wright, John Hammond, 
 Eoekwell House, Adelbert Van Dusen, Willard Cass and Elizabeth Cass, the present 
 incumbent, who was appointed in July, 1895. 
 
 Farmington Hill Postoffice, in the eastern part of the township, was established 
 in 1861. There have been but two postmasters, Eeuben T. Hall, who held the office 
 until November 37, 1882, when George White, the present postmaster, was appointed. 
 Faj-mington Hill Grange, No. 841, which was organized March 8, 1888, meets in a 
 hall near the Farmington Hill Methodist Episcopal church. It now numbers sixty- 
 four members. 
 
 Flbridge Postoffice was established in 1883. J. E. White was the first post- 
 master. His successors have been Charles McCallum, J. E. White, Mrs. C. B. 
 Moury, J. B. McCallum, and Mrs. C. B. Moury, the present incumbent. Mrs. 
 Moury also carries on a general store. The office is near the center of the town- 
 ship. Elbridge is also the voting place of the township. 
 
 Odle Corners Postoffice, in the western p^rt of the township, near the Deerfield 
 township line, was established in July, 1893. Mary Odle, the postmistress, has kept 
 a store here for twenty years. 
 
CHAPTEE XXYII. 
 
 ELKLAND BOEOUGH. 
 
 The Odd Townshep of Elkland — Its Organization and Boundaries— Reduc- 
 tions OF Area — Organized as a Borough — Enlargement of Borough 
 Limits— Pioneer Settlers —Village Growth -Later Enterprises— Schools 
 —Hotels— Borough Organization and Officials— Postmasters-Physicians 
 and Lawyers -Newspapers -Churches— Cemeteries— Societies. 
 
 IN 1814 the township of Elkland — now no longer in existence — was organized. 
 Its territory, taken from Delmar township, extended along the New York state 
 line from the ninety-third to the one hundred and fourth mile-stone — a distance 
 of eleven miles. It extended north and south a distance of ten miles, and embraced 
 within its boundaries the present boroughs of Nelson, Elkland and Osceola, all of 
 Farmington, and parts of Ijawrenee, Deerfield and Middlebury townships. In 
 December, 1816, a part of the township of Lawrence was taken from it, and in Sep- 
 tember, 1823, another portion of its territory went to Middlebury township. In 
 February, 1830, the territory of the township of Farmington was taken from it. 
 Those several reductions confined it to a narrow strip, about eight miles long, from 
 east to west, by two and three-fourths miles wide, from north to south. By an act of 
 the legislature, approved April 10, 1849, its territory was still further reduced by the 
 creation of the borough of Elkland, to which, from time to time, additions have been 
 made. In January, 1857, all that part of the township not embraced in Elkland 
 borough limits, lying west of a line extending through the center of that borough, 
 from north to south, was erected into the township of Osceola, and in December, 
 1857, all lying east of the same line became the township of Nelson, and Elkland 
 township passed out of existence. By the subsequent extension of the Elkland 
 borough limits south of the Cowanesque river, the townships of Osceola and Nelson 
 both suffered material reductions of area. There is still left, however, a narrow 
 strip between the southern boundary of Elkland and the northern boundary of 
 Farmington township, the western half of which belongs to the borough of Osceola, 
 and the eastern half to the borough of Nelson. Some years ago a movement was 
 afoot to annex this strip to Elkland borough and thus give it and Osceola and Nelson 
 boroughs more symmetrical boundaries, but for some reason the annexation was 
 not made. 
 
 PIONEER settlers. 
 
 A man named Baker Pierce, who died in 1815, and whose remains were buried 
 in the old pioneer graveyard at Osceola, appears to have been the first settler within 
 the boundaries of Elkland borough. Just when he settled or how long he remained 
 cannot now be ascertained, but it must have been during the earlier years of the first 
 decade of the present century. The next to settle was the Taylor family, who located 
 

 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^B ^^^ 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ' -**^^^^' 
 
 ^^"' "1 
 
 
 _^ 
 
 
 
ELKLAND BOEOUGH. 385 
 
 at Barney Hill. This family consisted of Mrs. Permelia Taylor and her three sons, 
 Ebenezer, Philip and Mitchell, who emigrated from the Delaware Water Gap, New 
 Jersey, to the Wyoming valley, thence to Pipe Creek, below Owego, from which 
 place, in 1806, they came to the Cowanesque valley. Ebenezer and Philip soon 
 afterward removed to Osceola. The latter, his mother and his brother, Mitchell, 
 all died before 1815, and were buried at Barney Hill. In 1883, their resting place 
 being disturbed by the building of the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad, Capt. 
 Charles E. Taylor and Charles Tubbs — descendants in the fourth generation of Mrs. 
 Permelia Taylor — removed their remains to the cemetery at Osceola. 
 
 It appears that William Courtright acquired title to the land first bought and 
 settled on by Philip Taylor, which, in 1814, he conveyed to Lintsford Coates. The 
 Coates family came early, as early, so it has been stated, as 1806. In 1808, however, 
 Timothy Coates, St., acquired the title to 170 acres of land, situated between the 
 lands of Cyprian Wright and those of Amasa Culver, and covered by warrant Wo. 
 233, within the limits of what is now Kelson borough, and later he and his son, 
 Lintsford, bought land and became residents of Elkland. The exact year, is, how- 
 ever, difficult to ascertain. Daniel Holiday was here previous to 1810, in which year 
 his son, Daniel, now a resident of Holidaytown, Middlebury township, was bom. 
 
 In March, 1811, came a colony from Elmira and Southport, New York, con- 
 sisting of Samuel Tubbs, Sr., his sons, Samuel, James and Benjamin, and his sons- 
 in-law, John Eyon, Jr., David Hammond and Martin Stevens. The members of this 
 colony became the owners and occupants of all the land from Barney Hill on the east 
 to the Stull farm on the west, including the Davenport Island and farm on the south 
 side of the river. John Eyon, Jr., and his brother James, settled in the center of 
 Elkland, which became known as Eyonsville. John Eyon, Sr., who joined the 
 settlement later, was the first postmaster of the village, and resided there until his 
 death in 1833. John Eyon, Jr., early became a prominent and leading spirit. He 
 was elected a justice of the peace in 1816, a member of the legislature in 1833 and 
 1833, and a member of the state senate in 1834. He was the first merchant of the 
 village and its most prominent citizen. In 1848 he removed to Lawreneeville, where 
 he died July 23, 1859. Samuel Tubbs settled on what is now known as the Dorrance 
 farm, and soon became identified with the material growth of the village. David 
 Hammond settled on the old Hammond homestead, now owned by Mrs. C. L. Pat- 
 tison. 
 
 The names given are those of the pioneers who settled within the borough 
 limits, so far as it has been possible to ascertain them. In time the village took the 
 name of Elkland, growing steadily year by year. It is now one of the most pros- 
 perous BJid progressive boroughs in the county. 
 
 TILLAGE GEOWTH. 
 
 As early as 1815 Col. Samuel Tubbs and his sons excavated a mill race 
 around the south side of what afterward became known as Davenport Island, and 
 erected a saw-mill and a grist-mill. Col. Lemuel Davenport, who came about 1830, 
 or soon after, acquired this property and owned and operated the mills. In 1870 
 they were purchased by Hon. John W. Eyon, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania. In 1885 
 the grist-mill was changed to a roller-mill. In 1890 the machinery, etc., was re- 
 25 
 
386 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 moved to a site north of the Fall Brook railroad, at the head of Parkhurst street, 
 and the present mill erected. In 1894 a grain elevator with a capacity of 14,000 
 bushels of grain was built. During the latter part of 1895 the mill was completely 
 remodeled and the latest improved machinery added. It is now a 500-barrel mill, 
 and is one of the best equipped in the State. John W. Eyon, Jr., is in charge. 
 William Martindell is the superintendent and head miller. About 1840 D. B. SchofE 
 erected a water-power saw-mill on the river in the southern part of the village, and 
 operated it for a number of years. It was torn down in 1869 by George Dorrance. 
 
 The first store in the village was opened about 1834 or 1835 by John Eyon, Jr., 
 and Eobert Tubbs. In 1838 Joel Parkhurst, who had previously been in business 
 with his brother in Lawrenceville, came to Elkland, joined with and later bought 
 them out. He became within a few years, not only a leadiag business man, but the 
 wealthiest citizen of the Cowanesque valley, maintaining at the same time a well- 
 deserved reputation for liberality, enterprise and public spirit. In 1833 George L. 
 and Samuel Eyon opened a store and continued in business until 1843. About 1833 
 Timothy S. and David Coates engaged in merchandising and lumbering, continuing 
 until 1854, when Claxk Kimball, of Osceola, succeeded David. Other changes oc- 
 curred previous to Mr. Coates' retirement in 1859 or 1860. 
 
 As the country became more settled, the village grew slowly, new stores being 
 started, a school house built, a church organized, and such other trade and indus- 
 trial enterprises set on foot as the condition and necessities of the people demanded. 
 In the winter of 1839-40 James Tubbs, father of Hon. Charles Tubbs, of Osceola, 
 and who is still living, taught a school in the village. Eecently, in a reminiscent 
 article published in the Elkland Journal, he described this school and the pupils 
 who attended, and closed with the following description of the village: 
 
 i''"At the time of my school Elkland was a mere hamlet, not even a four corners, as 
 there was no street from Skinner's store to the river. On what is now Buffalo street 
 two families lived— Anson Blackman's and Alvinzi Foote's. Stanley, the tailor, had 
 just occupied the house in which Dr. Rockwell now lives. Martin Stevens, carpenter, 
 and Asaph Johnson lived on the farm where the Postal Telegraph Company's office is, 
 and Benjamin Tubbs on the lower part of the Dorrance farm. The leading citizen was 
 John Eyon. He had been representative and senator, and at the time of my school 
 had a seat upon the bench as associate judge. He gave the land where the school house 
 was built; the land for the cemetery, and the site for the Presbyterian church, which 
 had then been built about one year. His son, John W., has become my most dis- 
 tinguished scholar, having been a member of Congress. Elisha B. Benedict was the 
 physician of the place, and Eev. Octavius Eitch, the Presbyterian minister. Joel 
 Parkhurst, who settled in Elkland eleven years previously, kept a store on the site of 
 the Journal office, and was the postmaster. The mail arrived twice a week at the 
 postoffice. There was no bridge across the river. 
 
 LATEB ENTEBPKISES. 
 
 The ETkland Tannery was established about 1851 by James Hancock on the 
 south bank of the Cowanesque river. He was soon succeeded by S. G. Tabor & Son. 
 In 1853 Joel Parkhurst acquired the property, which he continued to own until 
 1873, when he sold it to Joseph Cornelius. He owned and operated it in connection 
 with his sons until 1893, when it passed into the hands of Proctor, Hunt & Co, of 
 Boston, Massachusetts, Mr. Cornelius retaining an interest in the business. In 
 
ELKLAND BOKOUGH. 387 
 
 January, 1893, the tannery was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt on the present site, 
 north of the Fall Brook railroad, beginning operations November 11, 1893. The 
 new tannery has a capacity of 600 hides per day and is one of the largest in the county. 
 P. M. Cornelius is the superintendent. The company also owns and carries on a 
 large general store. 
 
 Decker & Metcalf's Sash, Door and Blind Factory was established about 1857. 
 They ran it nearly twenty years. The property had various owners afterwards, 
 finally falling into the hands of C. L. Pattison, who removed the plant north of the 
 railroads and incorporated it with the furniture factory. 
 
 The Pattison National Bank is the successor of a private bank established in 
 1867 by Joel and John Parkhurst, under the firm name of J. & J. Parkhurst. In 
 October, 1869, C. L. Pattison was admitted and the name changed to J. Parkhurst 
 & Company. On August 1, 1889, John Parkhurst retired and his son, L. K. Park- 
 hurst, was admitted. The name was then changed to C. L. Pattison & Company. 
 In June, 1890, Mr. Pattison and his wife became sole owners. C. L. Pattison died 
 April 10, 1896. Soon after his death steps were taken to re-organize the institution 
 as a national bank, and on June 3, 1896, a charter was secured for the Pattison 
 National Bank, so named in honor of the deceased financier, wMch was formally 
 organized by the election of the following officers: Orville Pattison, president; 
 Jerome Bottom, vice-president; W. Burton Foote, cashier; S. A. Weeks, teller, and 
 Orville Pattison, W. Burton Foote, and S. A. Weeks, of Elkland; Jerome Bottom 
 and J. D. Campbell, of Nelson; J. T. Gear and I. M. Edgcomb, of Knoxville, and 
 John W. Hammond, of Osceola, directors. This bank is ably conducted, occupies a 
 handsome building, erected expressly for its use, at a cost of $15,000, and is one of 
 the strongest financial institutions in the county. 
 
 The Cowanesque Valley Oil Company was incorporated in July, 1877, the incor- 
 porators being Garrett W. Benson, Clean, New York, and John Parkhurst, Charles 
 L. Pattison, Benjamin Dorrance and J. C. Edwards, of Elkland. An oil well was 
 sunk on the Hammond place southwest of the borough. Oil and gas were both 
 found, but in limited quantities. 
 
 The Tioga Telephone Company was incorporated November 28, 1881, the incor- 
 porators being James Horton, Westfield; J. W. Hammond, Osceola; J. D. Campbell, 
 Nelson; Charles L. Pattison, Elkland, and Austin Lathrop, Jr., and G. E. Brown, 
 Corning, New York. The capital stock is $3,500. This company operates a line 
 of telephone in Tioga and Potter counties. In Tioga county it includes the boroughs 
 of Nelson, Elkland, Osceola, Knoxville and Westfield. 
 
 The Elkland Furniture Association {Limited) was incorporated March 35, 1883, 
 by Charles L. Pattison, William L. Simmons and Abram Coon, with a capital stock 
 of $6,287.34. Its object was the manufacture and vending of furniture of every 
 description. The plant was installed in ample buildings north of the railroad, and 
 a large business sooii built up. In 1890 one hundred hands were employed. The 
 factory was destroyed by fire January 7, 1893. A movement to rebuild was imme- 
 diately set on foot, but was not successful. 
 
 The Favorite Folding Chair Company, with a capital of $26,300, was incor- 
 porated May 5, 1883, for the purpose of manufacturing chairs of every description. 
 The incorporators were B. H. Parkhurst, John Parkhurst, L. K. Parkhurst, Eichard 
 
388 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 K. Skinner, J. C. Edwards, C. L. Pattison, of Elkland; E. B. Campbell, of Nelson, 
 and H. E. Evans,- of New York. This company continued in operation for several 
 years. 
 
 The Elkland Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of toys and novelties, 
 was established in Elkland in January, 1887. E. W. Crandall, the superintendent, 
 is the son of Asa Crandall, known as the maker of Crandall's building blocks and 
 ■who ran a furniture factory in Covington in 1840. Mr. Crandall was in the same 
 business in Montrose, Pennsylvania, where his large factory burned August 37, 1886, 
 involving a loss of $46,000. His present plant is located in the old chair factory 
 building. From sixty to seventy-five men are constantly employed, the annual 
 output amounting to about $40,000. Toys and novelties are shipped to all parts 
 of the world. 
 
 The Elkland Carriage Works was established in the old rink building in 1889, 
 by B. H. Parkhurst, and operated until his suspension in 1893. Over sixty hands were 
 employed, the annual output exceeding $100,000. A factory building north of the 
 railroad was erected in 1890. This property is now owned by the National Advertis- 
 ing Company, who purpose engaging in the manufacture of snow shovels and other 
 articles of utility. 
 
 The Elkland Planing Mill was established in 1890 by E. B. Campbell and J. C. 
 Edwards. Since August, 1895, it has been run by I. H. Fields, who employs eight 
 hands. In addition to his planing mill business Mr. Fields engages in the manu- 
 facture of hardwood bedsteads. 
 
 The Elkland Foundry was established in 1891 by C. B. Bailey. It was destroyed 
 in the fire of January 7, 1893, and rebuilt in the following spring. It is now operated 
 as a foundry and machine shop by William "Wilhelm. 
 
 The Elkland Basket Works was established in 1893 by C. B. Bailey and F. G. 
 Bemis for the manufacture of fruit and farm baskets. About seventy-five hands were 
 employed, the output amounting to about $60,000 annually. The plant was removed 
 to Coudersport, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1896. 
 
 The Elkland Pure Oil and Gas Company was organized in February, 1896, for 
 the purpose of making a thorough test for oil and gas on lands leased for that purpose. 
 The ofiicers are F. W. Crandall, president; M. G. Fitzpatrick, secretary; A. W. 
 Campbell, treasurer; George C. Signor, E. P. McCann, F. T. Smith, J. W. Eyon, Jr., 
 Jay Beard, J. C. Dulso, G. S. Walker, Charles Cornelius, W. G. Humphrey, C. B. 
 and C. E. Bailey, directors. A well was sunk about half a mile southwest of the 
 village, and gas and oil both struck, but not in paying quantities. 
 
 The Elkland Bicycle Club was organized in July, 1894, as a stock company, with 
 B. H. Parkhurst, president; Dr. W. H. Humphrey, vice-president; George C. Signor, 
 corresponding secretary; Fred W. Crandall, treasurer, and Fred T. Smith, secretary. 
 This club owns twelve acres of enclosed ground northwest of the business part of the 
 borough, containing a half-mile track, grand stand, judges' stand, etc. Eace meet- 
 ings are held here each season, and state records have been made on this track. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The early schools in Elkland, as in other places throughout the county, were 
 supported by subscription, and until the building of the first school house in 1837, 
 
ECKLAND BOKOUGH. 339 
 
 were taught in any house that could be secured for the purpose. The year when the 
 first school was opened has not been ascertained, but it was probably as early as 1814 
 or 1816. Among the first teachers were Henry "Womer, Miss Mary Ryon and Harriet 
 B. "Wright. Miss Wright, who aiterwards became the wife of Ira Bulkley, taught 
 a term of thirteen weeks beginning June 14, 1834, in an old log dwelling house 
 "located where C. L. Pattison now resides." She had eighteen pupils — eight boys 
 and ten girls. They were John, Amariah and Hannah (wife of George L. Ryon) 
 Hammond; Esther "Wright (second wife of Ira Bulkley); Elizabeth Cook (wife of 
 Orsemus Eathbone); "Willis and Nancy (wife of Brockhurst L. Baker) Hammond; 
 George L. and Harris T. Ryon; Benson, Elizabeth and Charles Tubbs; Maria Coates 
 (wife of Lorenzo Cook); Edward, Charlotte and Hester Buck; Phebe Mascho, who 
 died young, and her brother Charles; and a girl named Rifle, who lived in the family 
 of John Ryon, Sr. Miss "Wright's pay for teaching was "calculated at one dollar per 
 week, or one bushel of good merchantable wheat." In 1893 her sister Esther, one 
 of her pupils, who became the second wife of Ira Bulkley, dictated for publication 
 an article which appeared in the Elkland Journal, in which she said: 
 
 Elklaud, at ttat time, did not stow signs of becoming' a village. It had no tavern, 
 nor store, nor stop of any kind — not even a distillery. There was no church in the 
 Cowanesque valley, and the itinerant Methodist ministers vrho passed this way once in 
 six weeks, held preaching services in some barn in the summer season. John Ryon, 
 Sr., was postmaster and kept the office at his dwelling house, at which the mail arrived 
 by carrier on horseback, once a week (Tuesdays). "John Ryon, Esq.," as my father 
 vrrote his name among the patrons of my sister's school, was at that time a member 
 of the state senate, deservedly popular, a most generous and obliging gentleman. 
 
 In 1837 the first school building was erected. It is still standing just west of 
 the Presbyterian church and is occupied as a dwelling by James Brocksley. It was 
 built by Rodney Shaw, afterwards a well known citizen of Mansfield. At the raising 
 there was used one and one-half gallons of whiskey, bought of H. Freeborn, of 
 Shaver's Point — now Lawrenceville — for fifty cents. This school house was also 
 used as a church imtil 1835. It was built by subscription. One of the early teachers 
 here after the adoption of the public school system was James Tubbs, who taught 
 in the winter of 1839-40. In the article already quoted from, he says: "I had no 
 blackboard. My only classes were in spelling and reading. Grammar was not a 
 branch of study in my school. In arithmetic I had no class. Each student began 
 and ciphered as far as he or she could in the science of numbers with my assistance. 
 In teaching geography the same method was pursued. Considerable attention was 
 given to penmanship." 
 
 The second school house was built in 1855, and was a two-story frame, with 
 rooms for two departments. In 1876 Joel Parkhurst proposed to give the district 
 a new brick school house, costing $4,000, provided the people would raise a fund of 
 $1,500, to be placed at interest and the interest used to keep the house in order 
 and purchase apparatus. The offer was accepted and the building erected. It 
 ranks as third among the school houses of the county. Prof. M. E. Cass has been 
 principal of this school since 1891, and has proven himself an able, efiicient and 
 popular educator. 
 
390 HISTOBT OP TIOGA COITNTY. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 For some time previous to 1836, a man named Smith kept a wayside ian on the 
 site of the old Case Hotel — ^now the Sandbaeh House. In the year named Leander 
 Culver bought it, and became the first regular hotel keeper in the village. In 1851 
 he built the present building, which has since had numerous landlords, among whom 
 were Charles Eyon, Life Blaekman, David Dunbar, John E. Westlake, A. J. Fillman, 
 Peter Duvall, Fred Bunnell, "Sandy" Simpson, A. D. Graves, W. E. Coles and T. 
 D. Case. In September, 1894, after Mr. Case's death, the property was purchased 
 by Mrs. Mary Sandbaeh, of Wellsboro, who placed her son, Eichard E. Sandbaeh, in 
 charge as manager. The name was changed to the Sandbaeh House. It is well 
 conducted and popular. 
 
 In 1841 D. B. and J. W. SchofE built a hotel near the Dorrance farm. It burned 
 in 1867. In the same year another hotel was built on its site by Enos D. and Leander 
 Culver. About 1871 it was converted into a dwelling, and since 1880 was owned 
 by C. L. Pattison. 
 
 The Signor House was built about 1880, Eobert Traver being the first landlord. 
 In the spring of 1886 George C. Signor bought the property, and in the summer of 
 1894 rebuilt the hotel, expending $2,000. The building was thoroughly remodeled 
 inside and out, and is now one of the best hotels in the county. Mr. Signor is a 
 popular landlord and commands a large share of the traveling patronage. 
 
 The Arlington Hotel was opened in July, 1891, near the Fall Brook railroad 
 depot, by Eobert Traver, as landlord. It was destroyed by fire December 17, 1893, 
 being owned and occupied at the time by J. G. Parks. 
 
 BOEOUGH OEGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The borough of Elkland was incorporated by a special act of the legislature, 
 approved April 10, 1849, and in May following the first election was held at the house 
 of J. L. Davenport, resulting in the election of John Parkhurst, burgess, and Leander 
 Culver, J. L. Davenport, J. C. Whitaker, D. B. Schoff and Joel Parkhurst, council- 
 men. The following are the names of the burgesses since elected: John Parkhurst, 
 1850; W. T. Humphrey, 1851; E. I. Kelsey, 1852; Edward Kennedy, 1853; S. E. 
 Hunt, 1854; Truman Sanford, 1855; Joel Parkhurst, 1856-60; F. G. Loveland, 
 1861; Kasson Parkhurst, 1862; John Parkhurst, 1863; John Chase, 1864; Joel 
 Parkhurst, 1865; J. C. Whitaker, 1866; Joel Parkhurst, 1867; T. S. Coates, 1868; 
 Joel Parkhurst, 1869-74; C. P. Evans, 1875; E. K. Skinner, 1876; T. D. Chase, 
 1877; "W. W. Wright, 1878; Henry Miner, 1879; G. T. Harrower, 1880; T. Coates, 
 1881; E. P. McCann, 1882; John Parkhurst, 1883; W. H. Eedfield, 1884; E. G. 
 Webb, 1885; John Parkhurst, 1886; J. E. Wilcox, 1887; John Brown, 1888-89; G. 
 G. Dorrance, 1890; John Brown, 1891; Joseph Smith, 1892; G. S. Walker, 1893; 
 Charles L. Pattison, 1894, served until his death, April 10, 1896; E. B. Campbell, 
 1896, and J. C. Edwards, 1897. 
 
 The names of the persons serving as justices of the peace during the existence 
 of Elkland township are as follows: John Eyon, Jr., 1816; Cyprian Wright, 1819; 
 Nathaniel Seely, second, 1819; Amariah Hammond, 1825; Eeuben Cloos, 1837; 
 Martin Bowen, 1831; Samuel Snow, 1832; A. M. Compton, 1834; John C. Whitaker, 
 
ELKLAND BOKOTJGH. 391 
 
 1836; re-elected, 1840; Eiehard Ellison, 1838; re-elected, 1840; Luke B. Maynard, 
 1841; re-elected, 1853; William Barker, 1844; G. C. Blake, 1847; Daniel Shumway, 
 1847; Albert M. Loop, 1849; Andrew K. Bosard, 1850; re-elected, 1855; Allen 
 Seely, 1855, and G. H. Baxter, 1857. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of Elkland borough: 
 Charles Eyon, 1850; re-elected, 1855; Joel Parkhurst, 1850; John Parkhurst, 1855; 
 re-elected, 1860, 1865; Enos L. Culver, 1860; F. G. Loveland, 1864; re-elected, 
 1869, 1874, 1882, 1889; T. C. Coates, 1870; E. B. Benedict, 1873; A. A. Amsbury, 
 1874; W. B. Meade, 1876; J. C. Whitaker, Sr., 1880; John S. Eyon, 1880; William 
 Potter, 1883; C. C. Ward, 1884; re-elected, 1885; Windsor Gleason, 1888; re-elected, 
 1893; Eobert P. McCann, 1890; John S. Ellis, 1894; re-elected, 1895;. Alonzo 
 Porter, 1895. 
 
 POSTMASTEES. 
 
 A postoffice called "Eyonsville" was established in the village in December, 
 1833, John Eyon, Sr., being the first postmaster. In 1830 he was succeeded by Joel 
 Parkhurst, who was succeeded in June, 1834, by Samuel Eyon. In 1838 George 
 L. Eyon was appointed. About this time the name of the office was changed to 
 Elkland. He was succeeded in 1839 by Joel Parkhurst, whose immediate successors 
 were John and J. G. Parkhurst. The next incumbent was Prank G. Loveland, who 
 was succeeded in 1886 by John S. Eyon. In 1889 E. G. Webb was appointed. He 
 was succeeded May 38, 1894, by Eobert P. MeCann, the present incumbent. In 1890 
 Elkland was made a presidential office and brought within the civil service rules. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND LAWTBES. 
 
 In 1830 Seth John Porter came to Elkland and began the practice of medicine. 
 He was also a minister of the gospel and, as stated elsewhere in this chapter, organized 
 the first church in the village. He remained until September, 1833, when he 
 removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan, and soon afterwards died. Dr. Elisha B. Benedict, 
 also a minister of the gospel, came about 1831, and practiced until his death in 1873. 
 In January, 1849, Dr. William T. Humphrey, a native of Bainbridge, N"ew York, 
 and a graduate of the Albany Medical College, came to Elkland from Addison, New 
 York, and engaged in the practice of his profession. He remained until 1857, when 
 he removed to Osceola, where he has continued in practice to the present time, with 
 the exception of three years and seven months spent in the service during the Civil 
 War. Dr. W. W. Wright, a native of Greene county, ISTew York, came with his 
 parents to Tioga county in 1844, graduated from the Geneva Medical College in 1848 
 and began the practice of his profession in Elkland in 1850, and is still engaged ia 
 active practice. W. E. Hatheway, a homeopathic physician, located about 1876 and 
 practiced several years. Dr. Thomas 1^. Eockwell located in Elkland in 1887 and 
 continued to practice until his death, January 30, 1896. Dr. W. G. Humphrey, a son 
 of Dr. W. T. Humphrey, began practice in Elkland in 1890 and has continued to the 
 present time. 
 
 Col. E. T, Wood, who is still a resident of the borough, began the practice of 
 law in Elkland ia 1853. S. D. Brooks came in 1855 and remained until 1867. Kasson 
 Parkhurst practiced but a short time, during and after the Civil War. John S. Eyon 
 
392 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 was admitted to the bar in 1877 and has practiced in Elkland to the present time. 
 Colonel Wood and himself are the resident attorneys. 
 
 NEWSPAPEES. 
 
 The Elkland Journal was established by Edward M. Bixby, April 4, 1876, and 
 was edited and published by him until February 19, 1878, when he was succeeded by 
 Messrs. Eyon & Ward, who were succeeded by Wood & Buckbee. In May, 1878, Fred 
 L. Graves assumed control. On January 1, 1882, he was succeeded by J. J. Van Home 
 & Brother, who continued as editors and publishers until July 10, 1891, when the 
 property was purchased by Will C. Griffiths. Mr. Griffiths greatly improved the 
 paper both in typographical appearance and as a medium for local and general news. 
 Lack of paying support, however, compelled him to suspend publication in the fall 
 of 1896. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The First Congregational Church of Elkland was the name of a church organized 
 in 1832 at Elklamd by Eev. Seth John Porter. The gospel had been preached in the 
 vaUey before 1800 by itinerant ministers and by lay preachers of local repute, belong- 
 ing to the Methodist and Baptist denominations. In 1830 Seth John Porter came 
 into the valley to practice medicine. It soon became known that he was also a 
 minister of the gospel and a graduate of Auburn Theological Seminary. He began 
 to preach in the old school house where James Brocksley now resides, and in 1832 
 organized a Congregational church, composed of the following members: Elihu 
 and Henrietta Hill, William and Anna Barker, Hubbard and Eunice Clark, Anna 
 Bacon, Clara Tubbs, Jane Christian, Almina Christian, Lydia Clark, Margaret Blend, 
 Jane Blend, Polly Johnson, Nancy Eathbone, Hannah Hammond and Sylvina Bacon. 
 Elihu Hill was chosen deacon. The membership of this church was scattered from 
 Beecher's Island along the valley almost to Knoxville, a few residing across the State 
 line on the north, while others came from Brookfield and Farmington townships. 
 The church increased in membership, and in August, 1834, a second Congregational 
 was organized at Beecher's Island, by Eev. David Slie. September 26, 1834, these 
 two churches met at the Eyon school house and united into a church to be called 
 First Congregational Church of Elkland. January 23, 1835, at the house of Amasa 
 Culver, in what is now Kelson, this church adopted the Presbyterian form of govern- 
 ment, and became a church of that denomination. During the years 1830-33 the 
 churches mentioned were ministered to by Eev. Seth John Porter. Octavius Fitch 
 came in 1833 and remained one year; Oren Johnson came in 1834 and remained two 
 years. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Elkland and Osceola is the successor of the First 
 Congregational church already mentioned. It was organized, as already stated, 
 January 23, 1835. For a time meetings were held in the school house at Elkland, 
 in the Bulkley school house in Osceola, in Deacon Elihu Hill's barn and in private 
 dwellings. In the fall of 1837 and winter of 1838 a rough board structure, 32x48 
 feet, was erected, where the Presbyterian church now stands, on land given by John 
 Eyon. It was roofed with boards, "looked like a political wigwam," and was called 
 the "Tabernacle." There were forty-six slips or pews in this church, each pew 
 
ELKLAND BOROUGH. 
 
 393 
 
 having a door. The pew holders were stockholders, and held their pews or slips 
 in perpetuity. One of the certificates of stock still in existence reads as follows: 
 
 This certifies that Hannah Stevens has become a stockholder in the association 
 known as the First Presbyterian Church and Congregation, of Elkland, to the amount 
 of twenty-five dollars, in consideration of which sum, the payment of which is 
 acknowledged,- Slip No. 15, valued at twenty-five dollars, in the house of worship owned 
 by the association aforesaid, is hereby conveyed to said Hannah Stevens, her heirs and 
 assigns, forever. 
 
 The "Tabernacle" burned in the spring of 1853, and was not rebuilt until 1868. 
 In 1851, while the township of Elkland still existed, and before there was any terri- 
 tory known as Osceola, this same church built a second church edifice in what is now 
 Osceola, in which, after the burning of the church in Elkland, services were held, 
 as well as occasionally in Elkland. In 1868 a building used as a union church by 
 the Presbyterians and Methodists was erected. It may be well to say here that the 
 church in Elkland and the one in Osceola form one society, incorporated December 
 26, 1844, as "The Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Elkland," the corporate 
 name being changed December 2, 1874, to "The Presbyterian Church of Elkland 
 and Osceola." The same ministers and same officers have served both congrega- 
 tions. Ground was broken for the present church building, known as the "Park- 
 hurst Memorial Church," July 9, 1889. It is located on the original church lot, is 
 87x73 feet, and is one of the handsomest and costliest church buildings in northern 
 Pennsylvania. The foundation is of native blue stone, the masonry being broken- 
 range, rock-face ashler. The edifice proper is of brick, with brown-stone trimmings. 
 The architecture is an adaption of the Romanesque. It was built as a memorial to 
 the late Joel Parkhurst, by the members of the Parkhurst family, consisting of B. H. 
 Parkhurst, Mrs. C. L. Pattison and Mrs. J. B. Grier. It cost, including furnaces, 
 organ, etc., $17,000. It was furnished by the congregation at a cost of $1,500. A 
 pulpit set, costing $130, was given by Mrs. Rebecca Parkhurst and L. K. Parkhurst 
 as a memorial to John Parkhurst. The names of the pastors who have served this 
 church, as well as the church in Osceola, are as follows: Revs. E. D. Wells, 1835-36; 
 Oren Johnson, 1837-38; Octavius Fitch, 1839-40; Darius "Williams, 1841; 
 Lewis R. Lockwood, 1842-44; E. Bronson, 1845; D. Harrower and John Saylor, 
 1848; B. P. Pratt, 1849; H. E. Woodcock, 1851; Lewis R. Lockwood, 1852; David 
 M. Smith, 1855; Joel Campbell, 1856; Joshua Lane and Thomas S. Dewing, 1857; 
 Edward Kennedy, 1858; Elisha Ely Benedict, 1866, and John Cairns, 1870. Rev. 
 Solomon H. Moore, D. D., the present pastor, took charge in 1879. Besides the 
 congregation at Osceola, he has charge of the church in Knoxville. There are in 
 the church in Elkland 125 members, and in the Sunday-school 100 pupils. A 
 parsonage costing $1,500 was purchased in 1886. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of ETkland was incorporated April 23, 
 1879. It originated in a class organized over fifty years ago, its members being 
 drawn from the church at Osceola, at that time in the Knoxville charge. The first 
 meetings were held in the school house. In 1856 a house of worship — used as a union 
 church — was erected. On September 25, 1891, the present building was dedicated. 
 It is a handsome frame edifice and cost $5,800. The old building was moved back of 
 the new one and is used as a Sunday-school room. Since its organization this church 
 
394 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 kas been served by the same pastors as the one in Osceola, the history of which is 
 given in the chapter devoted to that borough. The church now numbers about 135 
 members, with about sixty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which W. E. CorneUus 
 is superintendent. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The pioneer cemetery was on Barney Hill. Here Mrs. Permelia Taylor and her 
 sons, Philip and Mitchell Taylor, and other early settlers, were buried. In 1882 the 
 bodies of Mrs. Taylor and her sons were removed to Osceola and re-interred in the 
 cemetery at that place. 
 
 The Presbyterian Graveyard near the Presbyterian church is another early burial 
 place. Interments were made here up to about twelve years ago. A large number 
 of those who died in Elkland during the earlier years of its history were buried in 
 the cemetery at Osceola. 
 
 The Highland Cemetery Association of ETkland was incorporated January 36, 
 1885, by L. K. Pajkhurst, B. H. Pao-khurst, G. G. Dorrance, C. L. Pattison and 
 J. S. Eyon. The capital stock of this association is $3,000, and the cemetery owned 
 and controlled by it is situated on the hillside in the northern part of the borough. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Within the past twenty-live years a number of secret, social and benevolent 
 societies have been organized in Elkland, some of which had but a brief existence. 
 The pioneer society, Elkland Lodge, No. 1360, K. of H., was organized January 16, 
 1879, with twelve charter members, and is now in a prosperous condition. Cowan- 
 esque Union, No. 534, E. A. U., was organized January 36, 1887, and has a good 
 membership. J. Edgar Parkhurst Post, No. 581, G. A. E., was organized April 5, 
 1889. It now numbers among its membership twenty veterans of the CivU War. 
 Elkland Tent, No. 313, K. 0. T. M., was organized April 9, 1894, with twelve mem- 
 bers. It is growing and prosperous. 
 
CHAPTEE XXYIII. 
 
 OSCEOLA BOEOUGH. 
 
 Borough Organization— Unusual Area— The Village of Osceola— Physical 
 Features— Streams— The Word "Cowanesqub"— Its Derivation and Defini- 
 tion— "Pindarville"— Origin OF Name— Population— Lands and Settle- 
 ment—Early AND Later Industries— Inns and Hotels— Schools— Borough 
 Organization and Officials— Physicians— Churches— Cemeteries— Secret 
 Societies. 
 
 IN January, 1857, all that part of the old township of Elkland, lying -west of a line 
 extending north and south through the center of the borough of Elkland, was 
 erected iato the township of Osceola, which, in 1878, acquired a large accession of 
 territory from the township of Deerfield, giving it an area of 7,800 acres. November 
 29, 1882, the entire township was incorporated as the borough of Osceola, thus giving 
 it the largest territory of any borough in the county. Like Nelson, Osceola is a town- 
 ship with a borough organization, the greater part of its area being made up of 
 farming lands. The borough center is in the village of Osceola, on the north bank 
 of the Cowanesque river, at the mouth of Holden brook. The elevation here, railroad 
 grade, is 1,166 feet, the hills on either side of the valley rising from 400 to 600 feet 
 higher. The Cowanesque river follows a generally northeast course through the 
 borough territory, leaving the larger portion of its area to the north of the stream. 
 Between the north bank of the river and the foot of the hill, extendingfrom the mouth 
 of Holden brook to Academy Comers, in Deerfield township, a distance of over four 
 miles, is an island of varying width containing about 1,600 acres, to the existence 
 of which, before the water was drained off, the river owes its name, the word Cowan- 
 esque meaning, in the Indian language, "the river of the long island." Its etymology 
 is thus set forth by Capt. J. W. Powell, of the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, 
 D. C, in reply to a letter of inquiry from Hon. Charles Tubbs, of Osceola: 
 
 The^word Cowanesque seems to be no other than Ka-hwe-nes-ka, the etymology and 
 signification of which is as follows : Co for Ka, marking grammatic gender and meaning 
 it; wan, for hwe-n, the stem^of |the word o-whe-na, an island; es, an adjective, meaning 
 long; que, for ike, the locative proposition, meaning at or on; the whole signifying at or on 
 the long island. 
 
 The island conformation is still partly preserved by Island Stream, fed by springs 
 and creeks from the north hill. The principal tributaries of the river are Holden 
 brook — ^named after William Holden, the first settler at its mouth — and Camp brook 
 on the north, and Windfall brook on the south. Eed House Hollow creek is a tribu- 
 tary of Holden brook, and Brier Hill creek of Windfall brook. That portion of the 
 borough lying in the river valley is composed of level alluvial bottom lands, very 
 fertile and productive; that lying along Holden brook. Windfall brook, and on either 
 
396 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 side of the river valley, is broken and hilly, the hills terminating in a series of abrupt 
 elevated knobs. The land lying just east of the village of Osceola was at one time 
 a swamp, which was reduced by ditching into Camp brook. 
 
 Before the establishment of the postof&ee in 1851, what is now the village of 
 Osceola was known as "Pindaxville," due to the fact that in 1840 Robert H. Tubbs 
 contributed some poetic effusions to the Lawrence Sentinel, dating them from "Pin- 
 darville." The name attached itself to the place and was in common use for ten 
 years. When an application for the establishment of a postoffice was made, the 
 names "Pindarville," "Bridgeport" and "Osceola" were suggested. A public meeting 
 decided in favor of "Osceola," the name of the once famous Seminole chief. The 
 name was afterwards applied to the township and later to the borough. 
 
 Notwithstanding its extensive area the greater portion of the population of the 
 borough is within the limits of the village of Osceola. The number of inhabitants in 
 1860 was 450; 1870, 533; 1880, 790, and in 1890, 838. 
 
 LANDS AND SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The greater portion of the lands within the borough boundaries of Osceola were 
 purchased from the State of Pennsylvania by, and were patented to, John and 
 James Strawbridge. Warrants, covering other tracts, were issued to William Lloyd, 
 Eobert Blackwell, T. M. Willing and Thomas Willing. Bach of the tracts purchased 
 by John and James Strawbridge bore a distinguishing name. Those covered in part 
 by the village of Osceola were named "Chatham" and "Huntingdon." The others 
 bore such names as "Coventry," "Cornwall," "Colchester," "Confidence," "Pleasant 
 Valley," "Spring Garden" and "St. James." The warrants for the first five of these 
 tracts were obtained May 17, 1785, and the surveys for "Chatham" and "Hunting- 
 don" made June 32, for "Coventry" and "Cornwall" June 23, "and for "Colchester" 
 September 2, 1786. The surveys of the other tracts were made in 1792, 1793 and 
 1794. In naming their tracts the Strawbridges followed an English fashion. To 
 these original grantees from the State the present owners of the lands within the 
 borough limits trace their titles. 
 
 As was the ease in many other places in the county, the permanent settlers of 
 Osceola were preceded by those who made but a temporary stay, whose names even 
 have not, in all cases, been preserved. They were usually squatters, who embraced 
 the first opportunity to sell out and move further west, leaving to others the task of 
 clearing and cultivating the lands. The first actual settler, who came to stay, was 
 William Holden, who had made a previous settlement at Lawrenceville, as early as 
 1788. Holden, who was a bachelor, came about 1795 and built his cabin on the 
 eastern bank of Holden brook — which was named for him — near its mouth, within 
 the present village of Osceola. His main employment was building post and rail 
 fences for new settlers. Following William Holden came a number of temporary 
 settlers, some of whom came before 1800, and all of whom had moved elsewhere not 
 much later than 1810. Among these was Cooper Cady, who settled on the Cowan- 
 esque near the Elkland borough line, and who afterwards removed to Troupsburg, 
 New York. Then came Caleb Griggs, who built a cabin on the Cowanesque below 
 the Tubbs grist mill. A man named Smith became the first settler on the John 
 Tubbs place. Griggs and Smith died and were buried here. The second settler 
 
OSCEOLA BOROUGH. 397 
 
 upon the village site of Osecola was Nathaniel White, whose deed from George 
 Strawhridge, as administrator and owner, was dated December 31, 1807. Daniel 
 Phillips was the first settler near the mouth of the Island Stream, and James Whitney 
 on the Charles L. Hoyt place. Whitney sold his land to Henry Mott. White, 
 Phillips and Mott afterwards removed to Marietta, Ohio. John Parker, a Mr. Kan- 
 dall, Nathan Lewis, who made a clearing, still known as "Lewis' lot," on the hill side, 
 north of Osceola, and a man named Sesher, were also temporary settlers. Sesher 
 had a cabin on Island Stream. It burned one night about 1800, and he was never 
 seen or heard of afterwards. There were rumors of foul play, but the guilt of the 
 crime, if crime there was, was never fixed on anyone. 
 
 In 1800 Israel Bulkley came from his native town of Colchester, Massachusetts, 
 and settled upon the tract previously occupied by Sesher's cabin. He also purchased 
 the possession of Eandall. Bulkley had a Connecticut title, but afterwards purchased 
 the land from the owner of the Pennsylvania title. He was a man of means and 
 enterprise and brought with him from Connecticut an improved breed of cattle and 
 other live stock, established a blacksmith shop, dealt in merchandise, built a grist 
 mill, carding mill and distillery, and was a land surveyor and an agent for the Straw- 
 bridge estate. He planted a nursery from which the first orchards in Tioga county 
 were raised. He was the owner of a negro female slave, whose freedom was subse- 
 quently purchased by one of her own race. 
 
 The Taylor family, consisting of Mrs. Permelia Taylor and her three sons, 
 Ebenezer, Philip and Mitchell, emigrated first from the Delaware Water Gap, in 
 New Jersey, to the Wyoming valley, where they participated ia the Pennamite War; 
 from thence to Pipe Creek, below Owego, and in 1806 to the Cowanesque valley. 
 They first settled at Barney Hill, below Elkland. Ebenezer first bought out Caleb 
 Griggs in Osceola, but soon sold to his brother Philip. He next bought the farm 
 known as the John Tubbs farm, which he sold to Eobert Tubbs. His third purchase 
 was the farm of Henry Mott, known as the C. L. Hoyt farm. Here he made his 
 home and resided during the remainder of his life. 
 
 Paul Gleason, a native of Charleston, Massachusetts, settled on the farm now 
 owned by George Baker. His father, Abner Gleason, came later. He was the first 
 shoemaker here, and established a shop in front and a little to the east of the residence 
 of Charles Tubbs. In front of this shop was the only grindstone in the neighbor- 
 hood. Lemuel Cady, a native of Connecticut, and a carpenter, came about 1810, but 
 removed to Farmington township in 1813. 
 
 The Tubbs family came into the Cowanesque valley from Newtown, now Elmira, 
 New York, in 1811. Samuel, Sr., and his sons Samuel, James and Benjamin, 
 located in Elkland. Eobert, as already stated, purchased a farm from Ebenezer 
 Taylor, in Osceola, living the first year in a small log house near the site of the grist 
 mill. In 1817 Samuel Tubbs, Jr., removed from Elkland and purchased part of the 
 Daniel Phillips farm. Nathaniel Seely, a native of Southport, New York, came in 
 1812, and purchased the farm of Nathaniel White — upon which the main part of 
 the village of Osceola is built — and later the Nathan Lewis lot. He was a farmer, 
 an early hotel keeper, and justice of the peace from 1830 to 1840. 
 
 Andrew Bozzard (now spelled "Bosard"), a native of what is now Monroe 
 county, Pennsylvania, came in 1813, and purchased a part of the farm originally 
 
398 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 occupied by John Parker. He was the first carpenter and joiner to become a perma- 
 nent settler. He became a saw-mill owner and a manufacturer of household 
 furniture, spinning wheels and cofiins. In 1823 Stennett Crandall, a native of 
 Ehode Island, and a shoemaker, settled on the B. P. Colvin farm on Holden brook. 
 Here he had a shop in his dwelling and worked at his trade. Abel Hoyt came in 
 1835 and bought a part of the Parker farm. Eeuben Cook, to whom a more extended 
 reference is made in the chapter on Nelson, returned to the valley in 1830, from 
 Marietta, Ohio, and became a resident of Osceola, remaining until his death, June 
 25, 1829. 
 
 EARLY AND LATEK INDUSTEIES. 
 
 The first saw-mill within the borough boundaries was built between 1812 and 
 1816 by Ebenezer Taylor and Andrew Bozzard on Holden brook, about a mile above 
 its mouth. This mill was burned in the latter year. In 1828 Andrew Bozzard 
 and Trimian Crandall erected a mUl half a mile further up the stream. Mr. Bozzard 
 soon afterward became the sole owner of this mill, which was operated by him until 
 1852, and after that by his son, Arthur TP. Bosard. In 1837 Robert Tubbs erected 
 a saw-mill on the north bank of the Cowanesque river, near the Elkland borough line. 
 This mill is still in operation and is now owned by L. B. Cadogan. It has been 
 several times enlarged and improved. In 1849 a saw-mill was built near the mouth 
 of Island Stream, by Culver & Slosson, and was driven by water brought in a race 
 from the Cowanesque river. It burned in 1860. A steam saw-mill, driven by a 
 thirty-horse-power engine and rigged with a circular saw, was built in 1864 by George 
 Sharp Bonham on Holden brook, and was run up to a few years ago. 
 
 Israel Bulkley erected a flutter-wheel grist mill in 1814, the water being taken 
 from the Cowanesque river in a race to the Island Stream. This mill site was 
 north of the Charles Bulkley residence. It had one run of buhrs and was operated 
 until 1829. In 1850 Eobert Tubbs built a four-run grist mill near his saw-mill. 
 Since 1871 steam power has been used during low water in the river. This mill 
 descended to H. and J. Tubbs, sons of Eobert, and has had several owners. It is 
 now owned and operated by L. B. Cadogan. 
 
 A log distillery was built previous to 1812 by Israel Bulkley near his grist mill. 
 He paid one dollar a bushel for com, and whiskey was correspondingly high. He 
 quit the business before 1816. Andrew Bozzard built a log distillery in 1816 on the 
 highway in front of the Alvers Bosard residence, getting water from a spring on the 
 north side of the road. He ran this distillery about six years. In 1818 George 
 Parker built a distillery, also of logs, on the north side of the road, opposite the C. 
 B. Hoyt residence, which he operated until 1824. It became a popular drinking 
 resort. 
 
 A carding null was erected in 1814 by Israel Bulkley. It was driven by the water 
 power used at his grist mill. In connection with it he' also had a fulling mill, both 
 in charge of Henry B. Trowbridge. In 1827 Josiah Holcomb engaged in the manu- 
 facture of wooden ware in Osceola, procuring black ash knots from the swamp and 
 fashioning them into sugar bowls, salt dishes and whiskey kegs, some of which are 
 still preserved in the homes of the old families. A potash manufactory was estab- 
 lished in 1839 by Eobert Tubbs. In 1841 he added a pearling oven to his works. 
 
OSCEOLA BOEOUGH. 399 
 
 He hauled the potash and peaxlash to Ithaca, New York, and Williamsport, Penn- 
 sylvania, whence they were shipped to New York and Philadelphia. He operated 
 his works until 1843. In 1827 he hegan the manufacture of brick, continuing at 
 InterTals for a number of years, and in 1839 built one of the first brick houses erected 
 in Tioga county. The mason work was done by Stephen Potter, of Potter Brook. 
 This house is still standing, in good repair, and is used as a residence. Andrew K. 
 Bosard began the manufacture of brick in 1848, and continued about twenty-five 
 years, when he sold out to Henry Seely, who ceased business about 1880. A kiln 
 of limestone was burned in 1848, on Holden brook, by Philip Taylor. The quality 
 of the lime was poor and the enterprise abandoned. Two kilns of tar were burned 
 in 1838 by Isaac Van Zile, who hauled his knots and pitch-pine wood from Norway 
 Eidge. He continued the business two or three years. A few kilns of tar were also 
 burned in 1839 by Jacob Eowley, on the farm now owned by Charles Tubbs. Char- 
 coal was burned as early as 1810 by Israel Bulkley. Until coal came into use, it was 
 used for blacksmithing, and charcoal pits were generally put up and burned by the 
 blacksmiths. 
 
 The first blacksmith shop was built in 1810 by Henry Mott. In 1815 Godfrey 
 Bowman built a small log shop, which he carried on until 1818, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Bela Graves, who made a specialty of cutting tools and trap springs. 
 Bartholomew Thing opened a shop in 1833, and was succeeded by Lewis Lowell 
 Carr, who worked at his trade here from 1834 to 1830. About 1835 George Bulkley 
 established a shop on his farm — ^later a part of the Charles Bulkley farm — and 
 carried it on until 1850. In 1828 William Barker built a shop, and carried it on 
 until 1860, when he was succeeded by his son George. In 1850 Oliver Eice GifEord 
 opened a shop which he carried on for many years. All these shops, except that of 
 George Bulkley, were in the village of Osceola. 
 
 The Banking House of Morgan Seely was established in 1877 and has been 
 successfully conducted by its founder ever since. It enjoys the reputation of being 
 a safe and sound financial institution. On April 1, 1897, the name was changed 
 to the Cowanesque Valley Bank, with Morgan Seely, president; Frank J. Seely, 
 vice-president, and Ed. M. Seely, cashier. 
 
 Two attempts to discover petroleum oil at Osceola have been made, and two 
 wells sunk, but without success. The first was made in 1865, when the Osceola Oil 
 and Mining Company — chartered July 34, 1865 — was organized with a capital 
 stock of $500,000, the incorporators being B. P. Paxton, S. P. Wolverton, J. E. 
 Barker and H. S. Marr, of Northumberland and Schuylkill counties, Pennsylvania. 
 A well was drilled to the depth of 800 feet on the Charles Bulkley farm, by Joseph 
 Barker, but no oil was found. In 1879 a stock company was formed, the ofiicers 
 of which were Hoyt Tubbs, president; Charles Tubbs, secretary, and Morgan Seely, 
 treasurer. A test well was drilled by Hoyt Tubbs on the lands of Allen Seely, to 
 a depth of 1,300 feet without striking oil. The well was then abandoned. 
 
 In 1853 Hoyt Tubbs and Truman Crandall erected a tannery on the Cowanesque 
 river, opposite the mill pond. Mr. Crandall disposed of his interest to Lyman P. 
 Hoyt in 1857. He conducted the business until 1860, from which time until 1864 
 the tannery lay idle. In the latter year Eobert Hammond leased the property. 
 In March, 1866, the building was destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. In 1866 
 
400 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 E. Hammond & Company built the present tannery upon Holden brook in the 
 northern part of the village of Osceola and operated it until May 1, 1893, when 
 it passed into the control of the Union Tanning Company. The output of this 
 tannery averages about 100 sides of sole leather a day. The superintendent is 
 Eobert Hammond, and the foreman John Duly. 
 
 In 1854 Enoch M. Steen and Eleazer Clark built a sash, blind and door fac- 
 tory, which they operated until 1863, when they sold out to Hoyt Tubbs and V. C. 
 Phelps. This factory was operated until 1872, when it shut down, having had 
 various owners. In 1873 a cheese factory was established on Holden brook by 
 William Bosard and James F. James. In 1875 it was purchased by Hoyt Tubbs 
 and A. F. Eose, who conducted it until 1877, when it shut down. 
 
 INNS AND HOTELS. 
 
 The first "Inn" was opened in Osceola in 1813 by Nathaniel Seely. No liquor 
 license was required in those days and the public patronized the bar as well as sought 
 his place for the purpose of being fed and lodged. He continued in the business 
 until 1830. In 1834 George Parker opened a house. He was succeeded in 1830 
 by Aaron Buck. The place was purchased by Abel Hoyt in 1835, who closed it 
 as a house of public entertainment. The Osceola House was built on the site of 
 the present hotel in 1851 by Allen Seely, who kept it until 1861. He had numerous 
 successors, among them James Atherton, Joseph Weaver, Charles Culver, John 
 S. Seely, Stewart Daily, W. E. Cooper, Benjamin B. Barse, Charles Graham, James 
 Martin, Eugene 0. Martin, Arthur P. Bosard and Hoyt Tubbs. This house was 
 destroyed by fire in 1870, and rebuilt in 1873, from which time until 1882 it was 
 known as the Bosard House, when it resumed its former name. It was destroyed 
 by fire in 1888. In December, 1891, the present Osceola House, erected by William 
 Wildrick, was opened, with W. A. Newcomb as landlord. Since the spring of 1895 
 it has been kept by W. E. Colvin. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Majy Ann Landon, the first teacher in Osceola, taught school in 1813 in an 
 old log house upon the Island Stream, near the residence of Abel Hoyt. Among her 
 pupils were Ira Bulkley, Hiram Bulkley, Horace Hill, Elisha Hill, Benjamin Hill, 
 Edwin Hill, Ann Tubbs, Julia Gleason and Nelson Gleason. This was a charac- 
 teristic, primitive, pioneer school. The children living east of Holden brook crossed 
 that stream on a fallen tree, there being no bridges. Prom 1814 to 1833 an 
 old log shop, in front of the Vine Crandall residence, was used for school pur- 
 poses. Still later another log house west of John Tubbs' residence was fitted up 
 for school purposes, and also one on the site of the present Methodist church. 
 Schools were also kept in the dwelling houses of Eobert Tubbs and William Barker. 
 The Bulkley school house was erected in 1822 and was the first building erected for 
 school purposes. It was used for twenty years. Among the early teachers in these 
 various schools were John Hammond, 1813; Jonathan Bonney, 1814; Chester Gid- 
 dings, 1815; Mahala Seelye, 1816; Caroline Gardner, 1817; Nathaniel Seely, 1818- 
 19; Martin Stevens, 1830; William P. Gardner, 1821; Amasa Smith, 1833; Elihu Hill, 
 1833; John Smith, 1834, and Polly Howland, 1825. In 1836 a new school house 
 
OSCEOLA BOKOUGH. 401 
 
 was built on the road leading toward Camp brook. It was burned in 1845. Here 
 taught Andrew Keller Bosard, Eobert H. Tubbs, Lavina Leonard, Elizabeth Tubbs, 
 Mary Stull, Harriet Beebe, Edwin E. Hill and Sally Tubbs. From 1845 to 1850 
 school was held in old houses in the village. In 1849 a new school house was built 
 upon Holden brook by subscription, and in 1859 the subscribers deeded it to the 
 Osceola school district. It was used as a school house until 1869. In 1871 the 
 present school building was erected, at a cost for the lot of $200 and for the building 
 lA $3,000. It has since been improved to meet the increasing demands of the 
 district. From 1888 until 1896 this school was in charge of Prof. Artemas Edwards, 
 an experienced and able ediicator. The present principal is Hugh Sherwood. In 
 1845 a school house was built by H. B. Cilley in the Brier Hill district. It was 
 destroyed by fire in 1866 and rebuilt. In 1878, by the addition to its area of a por- 
 tion of Deerfield township, Osceola township, as it was then, and borough, as it 
 is now, acquired the Holden brook district and school house, a portion of Bulkley 
 District, No. 2, and of District No. 11, then of Deerfield township. 
 
 TJie Osceola High School was established in December, 1860, for the purpose 
 of affording facilities for pursuing an academic education. The enterprise was 
 set on foot by a number of leading citizens, who subscribed the necessary money, 
 the second and third stories of the H. & J. Tubbs block being fitted up for chapel, 
 recitation rooms, and apartments for non-resident students. The school opened 
 Avith 100 students in December, 1860. The faculty was composed of Anderson 
 Eobert Wightman, A. B., principal; Samuel E. Thayer, A. B., assistant principal; 
 Jane A. Stanton Wightman, preceptress; Mary Abigail Stanton, assistant pre- 
 ceptress; Prof. Isaac Grunn Hoyt, instructor" in iausie. A large boarding house 
 containing twenty-four rooms, known as "The Castle on the Hill," was built in 1861, 
 and an equipment of philosophical apparatus purchased. Various changes in the 
 faculty were made up to 1866, when the school was formally closed and was suc- 
 ceded by a select school, taught in 1867-68 by James Huntington Bosard, and in 
 1869-70 by Charies C. Ward. 
 
 The Osceola School of Musical Instruction was opened in 1872 by Prof. Isaac 
 Gunn Hoyt. It existed four years, both vocal and instrumental music being taught, 
 and diplomas awarded those taking a full course of instructions. 
 
 BOBOTJGH OEGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The towiiship of Osceola was incorporated as a borough Novamber 24, 1883, 
 and the first election held in February, 1883. The office of burgess has been filled 
 by the following named persons: Eobert Hammond, 1883; James Tubbs, 1884; 
 M. L. Bonham, 1885-86; Eobert Hammond, 1887; Albert L. Tubbs, 1888-90; 
 Hiram Taylor, 1891-93; C. W. Morgan, 1894-96, and D. Baxter, elected in 1897. 
 Hon. Charles Tubbs has held the position of clerk since the organization of the 
 borough. 
 
 During the years Osceola was a township, the folowing named persons served 
 as justices of the peace: Isaac B. Taft, 1857; Lyman P. Hoyt, 1858; A. K Bosard, 
 1860; re-elected, 1865, 1871, 1875; Norman Strait, 1861; re-elected, 1866; E. E. 
 Bosworth, 1870; C. L. Hoyt, 1872; Morgan Seely, 1876; J. "W. Hammond, 1879; 
 
 26 
 
402 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 0. S. Kimball, 1880; Morgan Seely, 1882. Since its incorporation as a borough the 
 office has been held by the following named persons: 0. S. Kimball, 1885; C. R. 
 Taylor, 1886; re-elected, 1891; L. P. Davis, 1891; James A. Eogers, 1893; Frank 
 E. Hazlett, 1894. 
 
 A postoffice was established at Osceola February 16, 1852. The office of post- 
 master has been filled by the following persons: Enos Slosson, appointed April 3, 
 1852; James Mapes, September 2, 1856; Joseph Barker, March 28, 1859; H. C. 
 Bosworth, August 7, 1861; Edward E. Bosworth, January 6, 1871; C. H. Bosworth, 
 April 29, 1879; L. P. Davis, May 30, 1886; Ella Strait, April 1, 1890; James A. 
 Eodgers, July 25, 1892, and James Kelly, August 1, 1896. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The wife of Eeuben Cook, familiarly known as "Granny Cook," though not a 
 recognized member of the medical profession, had a large obstetrical practice during 
 the first quarter of the present century. Her fee was invariably one pound of tea. 
 The first regular physician, however, to locate at Osceola was Adolphus Allen, who 
 practiced here from 1813 to 1816. Henry C. Bosworth, a native of Vernon, 
 New York, who graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1837, located 
 at Osceola in 1852, and continued to practice until his death, December 5, 1870. 
 William W. Day, a homeopathist, located at Osceola in 1855, and remained until 
 the autumn of 1867, when he removed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In April, 1857, 
 Dr. William T. Humphrey, a graduate of the Albany Medical College, removed 
 from Elkland to Osceola, and still continues in the active practice of his profession. 
 Adelbert J. Heggie, who acquired his "medical education in Georgetown, D. C, and 
 in the University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, located at Osceola in 1866, remaining 
 about twenty years. Wilmot G. Humphrey, a son of Dr. William T. Humphrey, 
 graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, Maryland, in 
 1880, and immediately began practice at Osceola. In 1890 he removed to Elkland. 
 Charles H. Bosworth, a son of Dr. Henry C. Bosworth, entered upon the practice of 
 medicine at Osceola, March 1, 1882, and has continued as a resident physician to 
 the present time. Dr. T. N. Eockwell practiced here from August 1 to October 1, 
 1886, and then removed to Elkland. Dr. E. E. Clark, now a resident physician, 
 began practice in Osceola in May, 1893. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Osceola, incorporated August 25, 1879, 
 was organized sometime during the twenties, and was the outgrowth of early camp 
 meetings to which the settlers flocked from near and far. The earliest laborer in 
 this field appears to have been Capt. Ebenezer Taylor, who was a local preacher. 
 His co-laborers were David Jay and Elihu Hill. Meetings were held in cabins, in 
 barns, in school houses and in the open air. The first camp meeting was held on 
 the river bank on the farm of George Newton Bulkley, in September, 1828, and 
 was in charge of Eev. Parker Buell, presiding elder. Eev. Samuel Conant, Peter 
 Sliter and others participated in this meeting. Another camp meeting was held 
 in September, 1829, and a third one in 1835, at each of which a number of persons 
 were converted. Presiding Elder Abel conducted the second, assisted by Eevs. 
 
OSCEOLA BOROUGH. 403 
 
 Asa Orcutt, Amos Carey and John Copeland. The third was conducted by Eev. 
 Nathan Fellows, assisted by Eev. Darius Williams and others. From 1861 to 1868 
 the society worshiped in the Presbyterian church. In 1867 the society was organ- 
 ized anew under the name of "The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Osceola." 
 February 35, 1868, a church building, costing $3,000, was dedicated, and in 1881 a 
 parsonage built at a cost of $1,500. The names of the ministers, so far as it has been 
 possible to ascertain them, who have served this church are as follows: Eevs. Asa 
 Orcutt, Amos Carey, John Copeland, Caleb Kendall and I. J. B. McKinney, 1830 
 to 1830; Eevs. Bell, Dewey, Nathan Fellows, David Fellows, Theodore McElhany 
 and Ealph D. Brooks, 1830 to 1840; Francis W. Conable, Milo Scott, Samuel Nichols 
 John Abbott, J. L. S. Grandin and Henry Bascom Turk, 1840 to 1850; A. D. Edgar, 
 Austin P. Davison, James Duncan, 1854; Samuel Nichols, 1855; E. L. Stillwell, 
 S. P. Guernsey and Elisha Sweet, 1850 to 1860; C. L. F. Howe, 1861; C. Dillenbeck, 
 1862-63; William E. Pindar, 1864; 0. B. Weaver, 1865-67; Isaac Everitt, 1868-70; 
 J. H. Blades, 1871-72; Q. C. Jones, 1873-74; Henry C. Moyer, 1875-77; F. M. Smith, 
 1878; W. D. Taylor, 1879-81; S. M. Dayton, 1882-83; D. W. Gates, 1884; C. M. 
 Gardner, 1885-86; J. 0. Jarman, 1887-90; I. K. Libby, 1891-95, and John Segwalt, 
 who took charge in October, 1895. The church now numbers about 100 members. 
 There are sixty-five pupils in the Sunday-school, of which A. Cadogan is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 CEMETBEIES. 
 
 Those of the first settlers who died between 1795 and 1815 were buried on a 
 triangular-shaped piece of groimd on the west bank of Holden brook near its mouth. 
 Eude, inscribed stones marked their resting places. These were broken down and 
 destroyed between 1848 and 1860, during which time the site of this old burial 
 ground was occupied as Culver & Slosson's mill yard. The land is now cultivated 
 as a garden. Here were buried Cooper Cady's wife, a Mr. Smith, Caleb Griggs and 
 wife. Baker Pierce, three children of Daniel Phillips, and others. 
 
 The Osceola Cemetery Association was incorporated April 21, 1876, the follow- 
 ing named persons being the officers and incorporators: Eobert Hammond, presi- 
 dent; Eussell Crandall, secretary and treasurer; and C. E. Taylor, E. E. Bosworth 
 and George Tubbs. The grounds of this association are on the north side of the 
 Cowanesque road, west of the village. They are inclosed with a neat and tasteful 
 picket fence. Above the ornamental entrance gate is the inscription, "Man goeth to 
 his long home." The first person buried within this inclosure was Abner Gleason, 
 who died about 1812, an'd who was the owner of the land. In another grave lie the 
 remains of Nathaniel P. Moody, a Eevolutionary soldier and a graduate of Yale 
 College. Here also lie the remains of Eeuben Cook, the pioneer, of Sarah Cole, 
 his wife; Eeuben, his son, and Phelind, his son's wife. Here also rest the remains 
 of members of the Taylor, Tubbs, Gleason, Bosard, Crandall and other pioneer 
 families, whose graves are cared for and whose memories are held in veneration 
 and esteem by their living descendants. 
 
 Holden BrooTc Cemetery is an inclosure of about an acre of ground, on the 
 Philip S. Taylor farm. The first person to be buried here was Silas Overfield 
 
404 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Taylor, -who died in 1855, since which time the place has been free for burial pur- 
 poses to the public. 
 
 Fairview Cemetery Associaiion, with a capital of $3,000, was incorporated 
 October 2, 1883, the incorporators being Albert Dearman, Knoxville; Morgan Seely, 
 Osceola, and 0. P. Babcoek, Elkland. The grounds of this association adjoin those 
 of the Osceola Cemetery Association and are tastefully laid out for burial purposes. 
 
 SECEET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Osceola is the meeting place of a number of representative secret societies, all 
 of which are well attended and prosperous. Osceola Lodge, No. 421, F. & A. M., 
 was organized July 32, 1868, and now numbers thirty-three members. Capt. Alfred 
 J. Sofield Post, jSTo. 49, G. A. E., was organized January 18, 1876, and is one of 
 the oldest posts in the county. Osceola Lodge, No. 843, K. of H., was organized 
 January 8, 1878, and Vidette Lodge, No. 115, K. & L. of H., December 20, 1878. 
 The former has tjventy-four and the latter forty-eight members. Osceola Union, 
 No. 219, E. A. U., was organized January 18, 1881j and Osceola Tent, No. 160, 
 K. 0. T. M., April 4, 1893. The latter now has upwards of sixty members. 
 
 CHAPTEK XXIX. 
 
 NELSON BOEOUGH. 
 
 Organization— Area and Boundaries— Streams— Physical Features— Early 
 Settlers— Manufacturing and Business Enterprises— Borough Organiza- 
 tion AND Officials— Physicians— Schools— Churches and Cemeteries- 
 Societies. 
 
 THE borough of Nelson was created May 8, 1886, and is simply the township of 
 Nelson incorporated into a borough. It has the same boundaries and the same 
 area as the old township, and embraces within its limits 6,201 acres, 
 or nearly ten square miles. It has an average length, from east to west, 
 of three and a half miles, and an average width, from north to south, of two and three- 
 fourths miles. It is bounded on the north by New York state, on the east by Law- 
 rence township, on the south by Farmington township and on the west by the 
 boroughs of Osceola and Elkland. The Cowanesque river enters it from the west, 
 about a half mile south of the State line, pursues a winding course, slightly south- 
 east, and passes into Lawrence township, south of the center of the eastern boundary 
 line. A number of small branches flow into it from the north and south. Those on 
 
NELSON BOROUGH. 405 
 
 the north beginning at the west are Rathbtin or Wright brook, and a stream flowing 
 through the John Maseho faxm, known as Drew creek south, and Baldwin brook 
 north, of the State line. The little stream that flows through Nelson village is 
 known as Cook creek, while the one that flows into the river on the C. F. Merritt 
 farm is known as Crowl creek. On the south side of the river are two creeks, Thorn 
 Bottom creek, which rises in Farmington township, and empties into the river above 
 the village of Nelson, and Cummings' creek, which unites with the river near the 
 Lawrence township line. The river valley in the western portion of the borough 
 is level and averages over half a mile in width, above Nelson village. The eastern 
 portion is more restricted and broken. The hills on either side are lower and 
 less bold than those further up the valley, and are tillable, the soil being fertile and 
 productive. The Fall Brook railway passes through the borough, following the 
 north side of the river valley. The Addison and Pennsylvania passes through the 
 northeastern portion and has a flag station, called Nelson, within the borough 
 limits. 
 
 The unusual area of the borough, and the large amount of finely farming 
 land embraced within its boundaries make it necessary to distinguish, in writing, 
 between the country proper and the village of Nelson, or Beeeher's Island, as it was 
 formerly called. The village of Nelson, though a component of the borough, oc- 
 cupies but a small portion of its area, and lies on both sides of the Cowanesque river, 
 about a mile west of the Lawrence township line. It contains the borough building, 
 two churches, a graded school building, the railroad station, the postoffice, a hotel, 
 and had about 300 of the 540 inhabitants within the borough limits in 1890. For 
 convenience, therefore, and to avoid confusion, it will be referred to by its old name 
 of Beeeher's Island, a name familiar to every old resident of the county. 
 
 EAELT SETTLEHS. 
 
 The first white person to settle within the present borough boundaries was 
 Eeuben Cook, Sr. This pioneer, mention of whom is also made in the Osceola, 
 Deerfield and Westfield chapters, was the first white settler in the Cowanesque valley, 
 west of Lawrenceville. He was a Eevolutionary soldier and drew a pension from the 
 State of Pennsylvania, under the following act, approved June 16, 1833, by Joseph 
 Heister, governor: 
 
 Sec. 3. Be it enacted, etc. , That the state treasurer be and he is hereby authorized 
 and required to pay to Reuben Cook, of Tioga county, a Revolutionary soldier, on order, 
 Forty Dollars immediately, and an annuity of Forty Dollars during life ; to be paid half 
 yearly ; to commence on the first day of January, 1823. 
 
 "In May, 1793 or 1793," says Charles Tubbs, of Osceola, "he moved into Nelson 
 township, locating on a little flat north of the present residence of Harris T. Eyon. 
 He lived in a bark cabin all summer, and planted an Indian girdling to corn and 
 turnips. In the fall of that year he built a log house and lived in it three years. 
 An Indian erected his wigwam near by, and they hunted and flshed in company in 
 the greatest friendship. The river was full of trout and it was no trouble to kill a 
 deer. He never lived long in a place. At diilerent times he owned valuable farms 
 in Deerfield, Westfield, Osceola and Elkland boroughs. In 1814 he went to Marietta, 
 Ohio, but returned to this valley in 1830, living at Osceola until he died. He pos- 
 
406'' HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 sesfeed the true pioneer spirit — was always willing to sell out and move west." He 
 was bom at "Old Harford, West Division," August 35, 1747, and died at Osceola, 
 Pennsylvania, June 35, 1839. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Cole, was 
 born at Flat Brook, New Jersey, June, 1757, and died at Osceola, March 35, 1833. 
 He lies buried in the cemetery at Osceola. His son, Eeuben Cook, was born at 
 Hooper's Patent, on the Susquehanna, below Owego, July 10, 1783, and died in 
 Brookfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, October 5, 1881, in his one hundredth year. 
 
 The next settler appears to have been Dorman Bloss. His name is found on the 
 census roll for 1800, as a "millwright." In 1805 he sold a hand grist-mill to Elihu 
 Marvin, of Mansfield, who hauled it from Nelson overland on an ox sled. He did 
 not, however, make purchase of land until January 2, 1807, when he bought a por- 
 tion of the tract called "Ketreat," now within the boundaries of the village of Nelson. 
 He left the valley in 1818. 
 
 No further permanent settlement appears to have been made within the 
 borough limits until about 1805 or 1806, when John, Thomas and Hopestill Beecher 
 settled on and around a piece of land — now within the village of Nelson — ^to which 
 the name of Beecher's Island was soon after given. At that time it seems the 
 Cowanesque river was known as Log creek, and so is described in the deeds to the 
 Beechers, to Dorman Bloss and to other very early settlers in the Cowanesque 
 valley. The lands settled upon by the Beechers are described as "late of Daniel 
 Verden," and were part of a tract called "Eetreat." The deeds are dated October 15, 
 1806, and that to John Beecher was delivered in the presence of Dorman Bloss and 
 Thomas Overton. The name Beecher's Island had its origin in the fact that the 
 land settled on lay between two channels of the Cowanesque river, the one a main 
 and the other a branch channel, the inclosed land being an oblong strip, now form- 
 ing a portion of the village site. 
 
 About 1806 or 1808 Daniel Strait came from Lindley, New York, and located 
 upon what is now known as the Hazlett farm. In 1810 he sold out to John and 
 Samuel Hazlett and removed to Steuben county. New York. The Hazletts came 
 from the north of Ireland. The greater part of the land then purchased is still 
 owned by their descendants. In 1810 Joseph Campbell, Sr., a native of Scotland, 
 also came from the north of Ireland, and settled at Beecher's Island. The Hazletts 
 and his family appear to have been members of the same party and to have crossed 
 the ocean together. His eldest daughter, Sally, was the wife of Samuel Hazlett, 
 and the next oldest daughter, Jane, was married to John Hazlett, at Beecher's 
 Island, April 11, 1811. Amasa Culver, a native of Connecticut, also came in 1810, 
 and cleared and improved the farm now owned by Mrs. Betsey Tubbs. His daughter, 
 Content Culver, who became the wife of Walter C. Bottum, was born within the 
 present borough limits in 1810. 
 
 James Daily settled soon afterward. His son. Perry Daily, who died July 18, 
 1896, was born here in 1814, and at the time of his death was the oldest person born 
 in the township. Cyprian Wright came about 1813 and settled on the land adjoining 
 Amasa Culver, on the east. He kept an early way-side inn, the first in the present 
 borough limits. William Allington settled about 1813 and John and George AUing- 
 ton before 1816. Calvin Chamberlain came about 1815. Amariah Hammond, a 
 native of Connecticut, came in 1817 and settled between Nelson village and Elkland, 
 
NELSON BOROUGH. 
 
 407 
 
 near the Byron Shaw place. He taught school ia 1831, in a building which then 
 stood near the William Merritt residence, below Nelson village. Samuel Kathbun, 
 a native of New York state, came into Tioga county about 1814 and appears to have 
 resided until about 1817 or 1818 at Lawrenceville, and then to have moved within 
 the present borough of Nelson, and to have settled on and improved the farm now 
 owned and occupied by the widow of his eldest son, Henry Rathbun. 
 
 In 1818 Mrs. Sarah Blackwell, of Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania, a widow, married 
 John Campbell and came to live at Beecher's Island. Her son, Enoch Blackwell, 
 born in Jersey Shore, June 12, 1814, afterwards became prominent as a mill owner 
 and merchant at Beecher's Island. Richard Ellison and James McGinley, Scotch- 
 Irish and Calvinists, were also among the early settlers at Beecher's Island. Among 
 other early settlers, the year of whose coming cannot be ascertained, were George W. 
 Phelps and John Vroman. Walter C. Bottum, a native of Connecticut, came in 
 1827. His father, Clark Bottum, came later. Walter C. engaged in lumbering and 
 during an active career erected three saw-mills in the Cowanesque valley. In 1830 
 Artemus Losey, a native of Orange county. New York, settled at Beecher's Island 
 and bought the John Campbell saw-mill, still owned and operated by his son, J. T. 
 Losey. From this time forward settlers came in rapidly, so that in 1835, when the 
 Congregational church was organized, it numbered fifteen members, all residents 
 of Beecher's Island and vicinity. Most of the families already named were repre- 
 sented, as well as those of Samuel Snow, Nahum Kelley, Sabra Daily, Hubbard 
 Clark, William Clark and M. Cummings. Among the more prominent of the later 
 settlers were Henry Smith, who came in 1833; Sylvester Stewart, a soldier of the 
 War of 1813, who came in 1838; John Weeks, also a soldier of the War of 1813, 
 who came the same year; Harris T. Ryon, who came in 1839; Dr. Albert M. Loop, 
 who first came in 1838, went to Illinois, from which he returned in 1840, and per- 
 manently settled at Beecher's Island; Daniel Angell, a shoemaker, who came in 
 1843; Luther Rice, a carpenter, who came in 1843; Samuel Edgcomb, who came 
 in 1845, and Louis Bevier, a tanner, who came in 1849. 
 
 MANUFACTUEING AND BUSINESS ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 John, Thomas and Hopestill Beecher, who settled on Beecher's Island in 1805 
 or 1806, erected a saw-mill about 1810 on the site of the present J. T. Losey mill, 
 familiarly known as the old Campbell mill. About 1818 this property passed into 
 the hands of John Campbell, who operated a saw-mill on the same site till 1830, 
 when he sold it to Artemus Losey. Mr. Losey, who was a skilled mechanic, added 
 to his lumber business the manufacture of household furniture. He also built 
 several carding machines and a number of melodeons, and was known as a man of 
 energy and enterprise. Since his death, in 1869, the mill property has been owned 
 and operated by his son, J. T. Losey. This mill, one of the oldest in the county, 
 has been rebuilt and improved. 
 
 The Nelson Flouring Mill, water power, was originally built by John Campbell 
 about 1818, and owned and operated by him until his death, in 1855, when it became 
 the property of his stepson, Enoch Blackwell. He operated it until his death, in 
 1884. About 1830 Mr. Campbell established an upper leather tannery in connec- 
 tion with his mill property. For several years during his lifetime, and that of Mr. 
 
408 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Blackwell, this tannery was carried on by lessees. After Mr. Blackwell's death the 
 mill property passed into the possession of his son, E. C. Blackwell, who is the 
 present owner. A store established by Mr. Blackwell's father was carried on in con- 
 nection with the mill for many years. It burned in 1885. Mr. Blackwell also 
 operates a power cider mill with a capacity of 100 barrels a day. 
 
 Among the early saw-miE owners and lumbermen within the present borough 
 Hmits was Hon. James Ford, of Lawrenceville, the first congressman from Tioga 
 county. He operated a saw-mill on the Cowanesque on the Samuel Eathbun place, 
 in which he had a two-third interest, Samuel Eathbun having the remaining one- 
 third. They conducted it until 1828, when Mr. Ford's interest was bought by 
 Samuel and Alfred Eathbun. Samuel Eathbun in time became the sole owner of 
 the mill, which he operated until his death, in 1847. Walter C. Bottum and Gilbert 
 Phelps & Company erected a mill on Thorn Bottom creek, near its mouth. Mr. 
 Bottum became an extensive operator and erected no less than three saw-mills 
 during the next thirty years. Among those who operated mills, usually as part 
 owners, between 1830 and 1850 were Eichard Ellison, John Vroman, John Young, 
 Charles Bottum, Hubbard Clark, Thomas Eathbun, Leander Culver, John Flint, 
 John Brownell and others. At the present time the mill owned and operated by 
 J. T. Losey is the only one within the borough limits. 
 
 Luke B. Maynard, whose name appears on the assessment list of 1833, was the 
 pioneer merchant of Kelson. He remained but a few years. Hunt Pomeroy, father 
 of the late "Brick" Pomeroy, the noted editor of the La Crosse (Wisconsin) 
 Democrat, opened a store in Nelson in 1840, and had for a partner Hiram Beebe, 
 the first merchant of Lawrenceville. Anson Buck and John Brownell were also 
 early merchants. The old store building, first occupied by Luke B. Maynard, was on 
 the site of the present Newcomb Hotel. It is now owned by John M. Hammond, and 
 stands near his residence. In 1849 G. H. Baxter and G. W. Phelps engaged in 
 mercantile business. The partnership lasted a year, when Mr. Baxter continued as 
 a dealer in groceries and provisions. In March, 1866, A. J. Howell opened a store 
 in Kelson. In the same month of the same year M. B. Seely came to Kelson. Mr. 
 Howell now keeps a grocery store and Mr. Seely a general store. They are the two 
 oldest merchants in the place. 
 
 A wayside inn kept by Cyprian Wright was the first vdthin the present borough 
 limits. The "Old Log Hotel," as it is familiarly called by those of the present 
 generation, was the first hotel at Beecher's Island. It was built on the corner north 
 of the present Kewcomb House about 1830, by Samuel Snow. In 1835 Amariah 
 Hammond purchased the property, and his son, John M. Hammond, kept the house 
 until 1841. In 1865 it was torn down and a store building erected on its site. 
 
 The Newcomb House was erected in 1836 for a store building by Artemus Losey, 
 and was occupied for a number of years by Pomeroy & Beebe. It was afterwards 
 changed into a hotel. Among the early landlords were Hunt Pomeroy and Samuel 
 Edgcomb. Since 18?8 this house has been kept by W. A. Kewcomb. 
 
 The Nelson Separator and Butter Company was organized in 1893, with Byron 
 Shaw, president; C. S. Baxter, secretary; M. B. Seely, treasurer; E. V. Turpening, 
 butter maker, and J. E. Leteer, assistant. The creamery, which was equipped with 
 
NELSON BOROUGH. 409 
 
 modern appliances, was changed to a cheese factory in 1895. It has a capacity of 
 about 100,000 pounds per annum. 
 
 BOEOTJGH ORGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The township of Nelson was formally organized as a borough May 8, 1886, in 
 anticipation of which the court had on April 20, the date of incorporation, ap- 
 poiated the following as burgess and councilmen to serve until the next regular 
 election: Henry Baxter, burgess; Philip Tubbs, C. F. Culver, C. F. MargrafE, J. D. 
 Campbell, G. H. Baxter and Samuel S. Heysham. The names of the burgesses since 
 elected are as foUows: W. A. Newcomb, 1887; C. F. Margrafi, 1888-89; M. F. 
 Cass, 1890; C. F. Margraff, 1891-92; J. D. Campbell, 1893-96, and M. B. Seeley, 
 elected in 1897. 
 
 The following named persons have been elected justices of the peace for the 
 township, and, since its incorporation, for the borough of Nelson: Anthony W. 
 Lugg, 1858; re-elected, 1864, 1880; Marcus H. Brooks, 1859; re-elected, 1864; C. 
 P. Wright, 1865; re-elected, 1870, 1875; J. D. Campbell, 1868; re-elected, 1873; 
 D. H. Hughy, 1878; C. B. Goodrich, 1882, and William H. Baxter, 1883. Nelson 
 borough: C. K. Copp, 1886; re-elected, 1891; C. B. Goodrich, 1887; re-elected, 
 1891; A. C. CampbeU, 1887; W. H. Baxter, 1889; J. T. Losey, 1894; Byron Shaw, 
 
 1896. 
 
 A postoffice was established at Beecher's Island about 1832, to which the name 
 of Nelson was given. For what or for whom it was thus named no one now living, 
 of whom inquiry has been made, can tell. The first postmaster was Joseph M. 
 White, who held the office for about twenty years. His successors have been: G. H. 
 Baxter, 1853-56; Dr. A. M. Loop, 1856-61; G. H. Baxter, 1861-79; H. Baxter, 
 1879-80; M. B. Seely, 1880-85; Dr. A. M. Loop, 1885-89; G. H. Baxter, 1889— 
 died May 5, 1892; Miss Nora Baxter, May, 1892, to May, 1896, and W. H. Baxter, 
 appointed in May, 1896. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Dr. A. M. Loop, one of the oldest physicians in years and practice in the county, 
 began practice at Beecher's Island in 1840. He is the oldest practicing physician 
 in the county. Among those who have since resided there and practiced medicine 
 are: Dr. Aaron Niles, who located in 1875, and remained until 1878; Dr. S. W. 
 Linwer, who came in 1879, and remained eight years, and Dr. W. Eumsey, who came 
 in 1887, and remained two years. The present resident physicians are Dr. A. M. 
 Loop, Dr. Calvin S. Baxter, who came in 1887, and Dr. William B. Stevens, who 
 came in 1891. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 In 1821 Amariah Hammond taught a school, below Beecher's Island, near 
 the William Merritt place. Among his pupils was his son, John M. Hammond, bom 
 in 1816, who came to Beecher's Island in 1817 with his parents and is one of the 
 oldest living residents of the borough. Samuel Snow was an early teacher here. 
 The earliest school within the village of Nelson or Beecher's Island, is still stand- 
 ing just east of the Presbyterian church. It was built in the later thirties, and is 
 
410 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COtr]SrTT. 
 
 now occupied as a dwelling. Before the erection of the Presbyterian church, meet- 
 ings were held in this school house. The Eathbun school house, north of the 
 river in the western part of the present borough, was also one of the earliest school 
 houses, and like the school houses of those days was used as a house of worship. 
 It was built about 1834. Owing to the extensive area covered by the borough, 
 there are four school districts within its limits. The principal school is the graded 
 school of Nelson village. A handsome two-story frame school building erected here 
 in 1876, at a cost of about $3,000, provides ample accommodations for the pupils of 
 District No. 1. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Second Congregational Church of ETkland was organized in August, 1834, 
 its membership being gathered at or about Beecher's Island. They were fifteen in 
 number, consisting of Hubbard and Eunice Clark, James and Mary Campbell, 
 Samuel Snow, Nahum Kelley, Sabra Daily, Dolly and Sarah Bottom, Hannah 
 Culver, Jane Ellison, William and Caroline Clark, Milla Cummings and Eliza 
 Phelps. Samuel Snow was chosen deacon of this church. The first meeting was at 
 the Rathbun fajm. September 26, 1830, this church and the First Congregational 
 church, organized in 1832, at Elkland, met in the Eyon school house at Elkland, 
 and united in one church, under the name of the First Congregational Church of 
 Elkland. There were thirty-two members. On Friday, July 23, 1835, this society 
 was changed to a Presbyterian church, under the name of the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Elkland. It became the parent of the Presbyterian churches at Beecher's 
 Island and East Farmington. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Beecher's Island was organized March 2, 
 1844. It consisted of the following members to whom letters were granted, — ^in 
 order that they might form this church — from the First Presbyterian Church of 
 Elkland: Joel and Mary Jewel, Joseph and Anna Campbell, John and Mahala 
 Hazlett, Charles and Mary Ann Lugg, Charles and Lovina Blanchard, Harris T. 
 Eyon, Samuel Hazlett, Edward Mapes, Sarah Campbell, Mary Ann Campbell, 
 Oliver Blanchard, Eobert and Susan Casbeer and Enoch Blackwell. James and 
 Joseph Campbell and Joel Jewell were the first ruling elders. Soon after the church 
 was organized Joel Jewell was licensed to preach and became the first pastor. Dur- 
 ing his pastorate, which continued until May, 1846, the house of worship, still stand- 
 ing, was erected by his brother, Edward Jewell. He assisted in the work of build- 
 ing. This building which stands on land acquired from John Hazlett, represents 
 with the improvements and repairs an expenditure of about $2,000. The names 
 of the pastors who have served this church are as follows: Eevs. Joel Jewell, 1845- 
 46; E. D. Wells, 1846-48; S. J. McCullough, 1848; Rev. John Sailer, 1851; pulpit 
 supplied by various pastors till 1855 when A. C. Woodcock came; J. Gordon 
 Carnahan, still living, December 14, 1856, to September 2, 1858; supplied, 1858-60 
 Francis Eand, 1860-64; Frederick Graves, 1865-67; S. A. Eawson, 1867.-72 
 Benjamin Eussell, 1874-80; C. B. Gillette, 1881-85; R. G. Williams, 1885-88 
 S. P. Gates, 1889-90, and Hallock Armstrong, who came in July, 1891. Mr. Arm- 
 strong was ordained in 1851 and during the fifty-five years of his ministry has 
 missed but two Sundays on account of sickness, and has moved but twice ia the 
 
NELSON BOBOUQH. 4^ 
 
 last thirty-four years. The church now numbers thirty-six members. The average 
 attendance of the Sunday-school is fifty. Charles Merritt is the superintendent. 
 There is a Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor connected with this 
 church. 
 
 The Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church of Nelson, incorporated December 5, 
 1867, was organized about forty-five years ago. There are no records of its early 
 history accessible. It has been in the Knoxville, Parmington and Lawrenceville 
 charges and was set off from the latter in 1881. Among its early pastors was Kev. 
 William Potter, who entered the ministry in 1847. The pastors of th.e various 
 charges named served this church up to 1881, since which time the following 
 named ministers have officiated: Eevs. F. C. Thompson, 1881-83; James Seovil, 
 1883-85; C. J. Bradbury, January to October, 1885; M. D. Jackson, 1885-86; 
 William S. CrandaU, 1886-88; D. L. Pitts, 1888-90; J. Melvin Smith, 1890-91; 
 John Miller, 1891-94; A. G. Cole, 1894-96, and W. J. Wilson, the present pastor, 
 who came in October, 1896. The present church building was erected in 18ff8; 
 and dedicated in September, 1869. It cost $1,600. In 1890 the residence of James 
 Paul was purchased for a parsonage. It cost with repairs $1,000. The church now 
 numbers about sixty-five members. There are forty pupils in the Sunday-school, 
 of which Eev. Charles Weeks, a retired minister, is the superintendent. 
 
 The Cemetery adjoining the Presbyterian church is on ground acquired from 
 John Hazlett at the same time as the lot on which the church now stands. The 
 first funeral service held in the church and one of the first bodies to be buried here 
 was that of Mrs. Charlotte (Baxter) Hoyt, wife of David Hoyt. She died March 1, 
 1845. Below the village, near the Merritt place, is the old Hazlett family burying 
 ground. With the exception of an occasional family graveyard these comprise the 
 burial places within the borough. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The secret, social and benevolent orders are well represented in Kelson. 
 Nelson Lodge, No. 434, I. 0. 0. F., which was instituted February 14, 1874, with 
 fourteen charter members, is growing and prosperous. Wallace Bogart Post, No. 
 363, G. A. E., was organized September 1, 1883, with seventeen members. Not- 
 withstantoig deaths and removals it maintains its organization and meets regularly. 
 Nelson Lodge, No. 67, 1. 0. G. T., was organized March 37, 1893, and embraces in 
 its membership a large number of the young people of the borough. Alert Grange, 
 No. 905, P. of H., was organized January 18, 1890. It now numbers over sixty 
 members and contemplates erecting a hall building in the near future. Nelson 
 Tent, No. 180, K. 0. T. M., was organized June 5, 1893. It has now about fifty 
 members and is growing rapidly. 
 
CHAPTEK XXX. 
 
 DEEEFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Changes of Aeea— Streams, Soil and Forest Growth -Popula- 
 tion— Early Settlers— The Strawbeidge Lands— Business and Manufac- 
 turing Enterprises— schools— Early fhysicians and Justices— Churches 
 AND Cemeteries— Villages. 
 
 DEEKFIELD township, so named from the abundance of deer within its bounda- 
 ries at the time of its first settlement, was organized in 1814, and was taken 
 Irom Delmar township, its original area of about 150 square miles, embraced the 
 territory within the boundaries of IJrookfield, VVestfield and Chatham townships, 
 nearly all of CJlymer, and the greater part of the borough of Osceola. The territory 
 embraced in Westfield, Brooklield and the larger part of Clymer was taken from it 
 in 1821, and that of Chatham, as first created, in 1828. In 1850 the area embraced 
 within the hmits of Knoxville borough was separated irom it. In 1878 it recovered 
 from the northern part of Chatham a strip two miles north and south., by six miles 
 east and west. The same year an L-shaped, strip was taken from its northeastern 
 quarter and added to Osceola. As now constituted, it contains, exclusive of Knox- 
 ville, an area of 20,725 acres. It is bounded on the north by the State of New York 
 and Osceola; east by Osceola and Earmington; south by Chatham, and west by 
 Westfield and Brookfield. 
 
 The Cowanesque river enters the township from the southwest, and flows 
 through it in a northeasterly direction. Near the Brookfield township line it 
 receives Inseho run and, at Knoxville, Troup's creek, both, of which flow from the 
 northwest, out of Brookfield township. At Academy Comers it receives Yamall 
 brook, which flows north out of Chatham township. Other small, unnamed streams 
 find their way down the ravines on eitlier side of the river valley, whicl^ is wider 
 here than in Westfield township, the hills that line it being less bold and precipi- 
 tous. The valley land is noted for its richness and productiveness, and is cultivate! 
 like a garden. The hillsides and uplands are also fertile, and Deerfield, as a 
 whole, ranks among the leading agricultural townships of the county. The alti- 
 tude above tide water in the river valley will average 1,200 feet; the summits of the 
 hills rise from 400 to 600 feet higher. When the township was first settled its 
 entire surface was covered with a heavy forest growth of white oak, maple, walnut, 
 butternut, buttonwood, pine and hemlock. This has nearly all disappeared before 
 the woodsman's ax, and the land whereon it stood now produces annual crops of 
 grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables. 
 
 In 1814, when it was created, it contained sixty-three taxable inhabitants. The 
 census returns of 1820 showed a population of 678; 1830, 568; 1840, not separately 
 mentioned; 1850, 721; 1860, 677; 1870, 665; 1880, 908, and 1890, 883. 
 
DBERFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 4I3 
 
 EAELT SETTLEKS. 
 
 James Strawbridge, the first white man to settle in the township, is supposed 
 to have located on the site of the village of Academy Comers during the Eevolu- 
 tionary War. Here the settlers who came in 1798 found a log house and a partly 
 cleared field, enclosed with a log fence, on the north bank of the Cowanesque river, 
 and on the south side, near the mouth of Yarnall brook, a nearly completed, mill 
 race. One tradition asserts that he was compelled to abandon his home here on 
 account of the hostility of the Indians, at the time of Sullivan's Expedition up the 
 Susquehanna and Chemung rivers, while another fixes the date of his settlement 
 six years later, and asserts that he "was driven away by white squatters, who killed 
 his oxen, purloined his plow, and destroyed his crops, on the belief that his claim 
 to title in the lands was antagonistic to their interests." Be that as it may, the 
 fact remains that on May 17, 1785, Strawbridge obtained land warrant, ISTo. 451, 
 which he located June 35, of the same year, on land along the Cowanesque river, 
 and on a portion of which stands the village of Academy Corners. Strawbridge 
 subsequently located other warrants, and also acquired the lands located upon by 
 warrants issued in 1785 and 1786 to Thomas Proctor, and in 1790 to James Stewart. 
 This gave him the ownership of all the land in the Cowanesque valley north of the 
 river within the township. To each tract, according to an English custom, he gave 
 a distinguishing name. The one where he made his first settlement, he called 
 "James' Choice." That on which the borough of Knoxville stands was named 
 "Delight," while the others received such names as "Mount Pleasant," "Blooming 
 Grove," "Fertility," "Eichland" and "Spring Field." These lands, as a whole, be- 
 came known as the "Strawbridge Tract." 
 
 It appears that Jajnes Strawbridge, the patentee, during his lifetime, exe- 
 cuted a mortgage to Jonathan Smith and others, of Philadelphia, as trustees, for 
 the widow and heirs of John Strawbridge, deceased, which mortgage was foreclosed 
 and these lauds sold by the sheriff at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, November 30, 
 1807, when George Strawbridge, a brother of James Strawbridge, became the pur- 
 chaser, and from him the settlers derived title. January 24, 1823, he conveyed the 
 unsold lands to Jonathan D. Ledyard, his brother-in-law, who on March 6, of the 
 same year, sold to Silas Billings the same lands, amounting to "about 7,000 acres,"- 
 from whom and his heirs they afterwards passed into the hands of actual settlers. 
 In 1792 and 1793 the lands south of the river were surveyed upon patents issued to 
 Thomas M. Willing, Eobert Blackwell and William Lloyd. They were subsequently 
 acquired by William Bingham, the elder, and became a part of the "Bingham 
 Estate." 
 
 Although James Strawbridge, either through fear of the Indians, or by reason 
 of the depredations of white squatters, was compelled to leave his improvements on 
 the Cowanesque, he did not abandon the title to either them or the land. In 1797 
 he approached Ebenezer Seelye, a native of Connecticut, and a Revolutionary- 
 soldier, then residing temporarily near Painted Post, New York, and offered him 
 the land, including the improvements, for $2.50 an acre. Seelye accepted this offer, 
 but not caring to venture into the wilderness alone, he offered to William Knox, Sr., 
 the improvements if he would join him. The offer was accepted by Knox, and in 
 
414 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1798 he and his son, William, camped on and enlarged the Strawbridge clearing. 
 In the spring of 1799 the two families joiimeyed from Painted Post to Nelson, first 
 known as Beecher's Island, and from there traveled up the Cowanesque river on the 
 ice to their new home in the wilderness. The Knox family located on the old 
 Strawbridge clearing and the Seelye family half a mile further east, building a 
 cabin of bark, which was replaced a yeai and a half later by a log house. These two 
 families thus became the first settlers in the township. 
 
 On March 28, 1800, the first male white child bom in the Cowanesque valley 
 was added to the household of William Knox. This was James Knox, who died 
 September 20, 1881, having spent his entire life in the township. On May 4th of 
 the same year a daughter, Sally, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Seelye, who afterwards 
 became the wife of Prince King, of Westfield township. She was the first female 
 white child born in the township. 
 
 Among the first to settle in the township after the Knox and Seelye families, 
 was Bethlehem Thompson, who located on the Emmer Bowen place, but soon sold 
 out to Eeuben Cook. In 1803 John Howland and his son. Dr. Eddy Howland, 
 whose Puritan ancestors came from England in the Mayflower in 1620, settled on 
 what was long known as the Eddy Howland place. They came from Ehode Island. 
 Emmer Bowen, a native of Ehode Island, came in 1804 and bought out Jesse 
 Eowley, who appears to have been here at that time. James Costley, an early grist- 
 mill owner, came before 1805 and settled south of the river opposite Knoxville. 
 Eev. David Short settled in 1806 upon the farm afterward owned by A. H. Bacon, 
 and lived there until 1813. Newbury Cloos settled in 1807, in which year also 
 Joshua Colvin settled near Academy Corners. About this time, also, John and 
 Eeuben Short, Jonathan M. Eogers, Curtis Cady, David Short and James Yarnall 
 settled. Mr. Yarnall located on the brook south of Academy Comers that bears 
 his name. In 1808 James, John and William Falkner settled in the eastern part of 
 the township. In 1811 Jonathan, Solomon and Alexander Matteson and their 
 parents came from Salisbury, Herkimer county, New York. Jonathan, with whom 
 the old folks lived, settled on the site of Knoxville, his land embracing the greater 
 part of the present borough area. Solomon and Alexander settled east of him. In 
 1811 Levi Cook, a blacksmith, the year of whose coming cannot be ascertained, sold 
 his place east of Knoxville to Zadoc Bowen, a carpenter, and a brother of Emmer 
 Bowen, Sr. Joseph Ealkner, Sr., a native of the State of New York, was an early 
 settler, and cleared the farm now occupied by the widow of his son, Joseph 
 Ealkner. Eleazer Clark, a native of Ehode Island, came on horseback from his 
 native state in 1814, and settled on the farm now owned by his son, E. H. Clark. 
 James King, a native of Ehode Island, settled in the western part of the township 
 sometime between 1815 and 1820. About 1821 the family removed to Westfield 
 township. John Wakeley was also an early settler. He removed to Brookfield 
 township in 1827. George Champlin, a native of Ehode Island, came in 1821, 
 worked a farm on shares for a year, and then removed to Potter county. Fifteen 
 years later he settled in Westfield township. Hiram Gilberj;, a carpenter, and a 
 native of New England, settled in the township in 1824, worked at his trade for 
 several years, and then embarked in the boot and shoe business in Knoxville. 
 Moses Inscho, well known as a lumberman, came in from Lawrence township m 
 
DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP. 415 
 
 1835. Nathan Baker, a native of Otsego county, New York, settled in 1838 on the 
 farm now owned by his grandson, Allen Baker. Others came whose names and the 
 year of their coming have not been ascertained, but the names given are, with a few 
 exceptions, those of men who cleared the lands upon which they located, and be- 
 came permanent residents of the township. In this, as in other townships, there 
 were those who made but a temporary stay, and who alwaj's found it more in 
 harmony with a moving and adventurous spirit to be with the advance guard of 
 the westward marching army of civilization. 
 
 BUSINESS AND MANUFACTUEING ENTEKPEISES. 
 
 Lumberiag became an important industry in the township soon after its set- 
 tlement began. The predominance of white pine of a fine quality led to the early 
 establishment of saw-mills, first to supply a growing local demand, and later for 
 shipment. The Cowanesque river was the only highway connecting the settlers of 
 the valley with the outside world. Down this stream, whenever the stage of water 
 permitted, logs and lumber were rafted. All the early mills were run by water 
 power, an under-shot flutter wheel being the one generally used. The usual ca- 
 pacity of a saw-mill was 1,000 feet of pine lumber every twelve hours,. an infinites- 
 imal quantity compared with the output of a thoroughly-equipped steam saw-mill 
 of the present day. 
 
 In 1804 Eddy Howland built a flutter-wheel saw-mill on the Cowanesque river 
 above Knoxville. In 1818 he sold it to Caleb Smith. About 1826 it became the 
 property of Moses Inscho, who operated it until 1847. He was a well-known and ex- 
 tensive lumberman. A saw-mill was built about 1810 on the Cowanesque river, 
 just below the woolen mills near Academy Comers, by Emmer Bowen and Ebenezer 
 Seelye. It was operated for nearly thirty years. In 1815 Jonathan and Alexander 
 Matteson and Joshua Colvin built a saw-mill on the south bank of the Cowanesque 
 river opposite Knoxville. The first saw-mill on Troup's creek was built in 1830 by 
 Luke Scott. Ten years later it was undermined and destroyed by high water. A saw- 
 mill was built in 1830 on Yarnall brook, about two miles above its mouth, by 
 Eeuben Cloos. In 1831 James Yarnall built one near the mouth of the same brook. 
 In 1833 Luman Stevens built a mill farther up the brook near the township line. 
 This mill was operated until 1866. In 1868 Levi Stevens erected on its site a new 
 mill, 33 by 68 feet, driven by a center-vent water wheel. A circular saw was used. 
 In 1873 steam was substituted for water power. This mill burned in 1879 and was- 
 rebuilt. In 1848 Joseph Yarnall built a large mill near the mouth of Yarnall 
 brook. Water was taken from the Cowanesque river, and three saws driven by the 
 power obtained. In 1853 this mill was sold to J. W. and H. E. Potter, and oper- 
 ated by them until 1861, when a flood destroyed the dam and otherwise injured the 
 property. In 1848, also, Joseph Dake built a mill on the south side of the Cow- 
 anesque. It was run by a center-vent water wheel which operated two upright saws. 
 This mill was owned by various persons until 1880 when it ceased operations. In 
 1881 Walker & Lathrop, of Corning, New York, erected a mill at the mouth of 
 Inscho run. It was run by steam power. There is no saw-mill now in operation in 
 the township. 
 
416 HISTOHY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 A log grist-mill was built by Bethlehem Thompson in 1811, about a mile above 
 Knoxville. It was propelled by an over-shot water wheel, the water being con- 
 ducted from Inscho run in wooden troughs hewed out of pine trees. This mill was 
 purchased by Abram Smith and operated about ten years. In 1815 Josnua Colvin 
 brought a copper still and other apparatus from Herkimer county, Ifew York, and 
 started a distillery in a log building, near a large spring north of Academy Comers. 
 He made whiskey for home consumption, exchanging six quarts of whiskey for one 
 bushel of rye or com. In 1818 John Knox purchased Colvin's outfit and built a 
 log distillery by the Strawbridge spring, east of Academy Comers. This he con- 
 ducted for about five years. 
 
 About 1814 Eddy Howland bought a stock of goods and began merchandising 
 in a small way. Most of his sales were for barter, grain, maple, sugar, pelts and 
 lumber being accepted in exchange for goods. In 1877 the "Boss Store" was es- 
 tablished by Chaxlotte A. Inscho at the west end of Troup's creek bridge. With the 
 exception of the stores at Academy Comers, noticed elsewhere in this chapter, 
 these two stores have been the only ones established in the township. 
 
 Prom 1819 to about 1824 or 1835 John Knox carried on a hotel in a hewed-log 
 building, a short distance east of Academy Comers. Prom 1830 to 1840 Julius 
 and Elanson Seelye ope;rated a Hme kiln on the hill north of the woolen factory at 
 Academy Corners. In 1851 Loren Carpenter built a sash and blind factory on the 
 Cowanesque road between Academy Comers and Knoxville. This he operated until 
 1863. From 1863 to 1870 he was also engaged in the manufacture of brick, burning 
 one or two kilns a year. 
 
 In 1830 two tanneries were built, one by Peter Eushmore, on the west side of 
 Troup's creek, above Knoxville, and the other half a mile east of Knoxville, by 
 Martin Bowen. Eushmore operated his tannery about ten years, tanning upper 
 leather and skins to supply home demands. Bowen tanned upper leather on shares 
 for one-half of the finished product. He continued in business till about 1835. 
 
 The first cider mill in the township was built in 1817 by Eddy Howland, who 
 operated it for about ten years, manufacturing cider for himself and neighbors. In 
 1828 Ebenezer Seelye built a cider mill which he operated about twelve years. 
 
 The Moses Lee Cheese Factory, the first in the township, was built by Moses Lee 
 in 1862, iQ what was then a part of Chatham township, a short distance north of 
 East Chatham postoffice. He operated it until 1877. 
 
 The E. A. Bean Cheese Factory was established in 1875, by E. A. Bean, who still 
 owns and operates it. It is located on the west side of Troup's creek, just outside of 
 Knoxville borough. The output of cheese averages 100,000 pounds annually. Mr. 
 Bean also owns and operates a cheese factory at Austinburg, Brookfleld township, 
 and one near the Cady school house in Parmington township. 
 
 The Taft Broom Factory was established in 1872, by Asa Delos Taft, just east 
 of Academy Comers. He manufactures between 30,000 and 30,000 brooms a year. 
 In 1889 Mr. Taft erected a fruit evaporating plant, which he also operates, handUng 
 a large quantity of fruit each season. 
 
 /. S. Ingham & Sons Woolen Mill is one of the oldest manufacturing enterprises 
 in the county. The beginning of its history dates to 1837, when William Hurlbut 
 and Eleazer S. Seely purchased from Julius Seelye, a water privilege and began the 
 
DEEBFIELD TOWNSHIP. 417 
 
 erection of a woolen factory one mile east of Academy Corners. A building 26 by 
 70 and three stories high was erected. In 1839 the enterprise passed into the hands 
 of a stock company composed of Eleazer S. Seely, Elanson Seelye, John Brownell, 
 C. C. Welch, Abel Hoyt, Joseph "Weaver, A. J. Monroe, Benjamin S. Bowen and 
 Emmer Bowen. Machinery was purchased and business begun in the spring of 1841, 
 with C. C. "Welch, foreman. In July, 1843, the shares of the other owners were 
 purchased by Benjamin S. and Emmer Bowen. They continued to operate it until 
 February 7, 1847, when the building, machinery and 13,000 pounds of wool were 
 destroyed by fire. A new building 36 by 80 feet was erected, outfitted with the 
 latest improved machinery, hauled overland from Eochester, New York, and 
 operations resumed June 1, 1848. In 1853 a shingle mill was added and did a large 
 business. In 1863 the entire property was purchased by Joseph Ingham, a native of 
 Leeds, England. In 1864 his son, G. W. Ingham, became a partner, the business 
 being conducted until 1876 under the firm name of J. Ingham & Son. Prom 1865 
 to 1876 the firm consisted of Joseph, Joseph S. and Henry Ingham, each owning 
 one-third interest. In 1876 Henry sold his interest to Joseph S. The father died 
 in 1879, and the business was conducted by J. S. Ingham until 1887, when the 
 business of manufacturing cider and fruit jelUes was added, and the combined en- 
 terprises have since been carried on under the firm name of J. S. Ingham & Sons. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the Cowanesque valley was taught in the winter of 1803-3, 
 by Betsey Bodwell— afterward the wife of John Hovey— in a log building, eighteen 
 feet square, near the burying ground on the Loren Carpenter place. The building 
 — a typical pioneer school house — was covered with a cobbed roof and floored with 
 puncheons. The benches were split basswood logs with legs. There was a fireplace 
 at one end, the smoke from which escaped through a hole in the roof. Among those 
 who attended this school were Eeuben Cook, Jr., Asahel and David Eixford, Elan- 
 son, Harvey, Julius, Anna, Mehitabel, Betsey and Lucina Seelye, Abel and Matilda 
 Cloos, and Archibald, John, William and Betsey Knox. Among the early teachers 
 of this school were Caroline Scott, 1809; Mr. Maxwell, 1814; John Knox and 
 Amasa Knox, 1816. The text books during the first term were limited to Webster's 
 spelling book and Webster's reader, known as "The Third Part." Another early 
 school house was built near the woolen mill factory. This was known as the Quaker 
 school house. In 1831 a school building known as "Liberty School House" was 
 erected at Academy Comers. Gaylord Griswold Colvin taught the first term here. 
 The common school law of 1834 was promptly accepted by the people of the town- 
 ship, since which time new districts have been created and new school houses erected 
 to meet the demands of an increasing population. 
 
 Union Academy is the name of an institution of learning which flourished for 
 a number of years at Academy Comers. Its history is as follows. About 1845 an 
 effort was made to establish in the township an institution of learning higher than 
 the ordinary district school. The idea originated with Allen Frazer, Jr., M. D., who 
 enlisted the aid and co-operation of Caleb Short, John Knox and other citizens. 
 Money was raised by subscription and the erection of a building begun at Academy 
 Corners. Before it was completed, S. B. and William Price bought it, finished it, 
 
 21 
 
418 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and opened it for educational purposes, under the name of Union Academy, Decem- 
 ber 7, 1847. The first principal, Hannibal Goodwin, was assisted by the Price 
 brothers. In 1848 Prof. Young Y. Smith was placed in charge. In 1849 the Price 
 brothers assumed the principalship, with Mrs. S. B. Price as preceptress, a position 
 she held for fifteen years. William Price left the school in 1850 and Samuel B. 
 Price became principal. During 1859 and 1860 the building was leased aud the 
 school conducted by Prof. Anderson Kobert Wightman, assisted by Mrs. Jane A. 
 (Stanton) Wightman, Miss F. A. J. Conover, and Miss Mary Abigail Stauton. 
 Classes were also taught during a part of this time by Orrin Mortimer Stebbins and 
 Charles Tubbs. Prof. S. B. Price resumed control of the school in 1861. In 1867 
 Elias Horton, Jr., bought the property, and with the assistance of his wife con- 
 ducted it until March 1, 1871, when two of the four buildings, which had been 
 erected from time to time, were consumed by fire. They were not rebuilt and the 
 academy passed out of existence. During the twenty-three years of its history there 
 was an average annual attendance of about one hundred students, embracing both 
 sexes. The site of the academy is now owned by William D. Knox, who resides in 
 one of the buildings. 
 
 EAELY PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 Eddy Howlaud, the pioneer, was the first practitioner. The next was Dr. Simeon 
 Power, who came into the county in 1805. He combined coopering with his prac- 
 tice, and boarded with James Costley, on the south side of the river opposite Knox- 
 ville. In 1808 he removed to Tioga, remaining there until about 1821 when he 
 located in Lawreneeville, where he passed the remainder of his life. Jonathan 
 Bonney, a one-legged man, practiced through this section during the early part of 
 the century. Allen Frazer, Jr., a thoroughly educated physician came into the 
 township in 1835. He died in 1873. During his lifetime he was prominent, not 
 only as a physician but as a citizen, and held a number of offices of trust and honor. 
 The justices of the peace of this township appointed and elected since its organi- 
 zation are as follows: Eddy Howland, 1810; re-elected, 1838, 1840, 1845; Titus Ives, 
 1815; Arnold Hunter, 1819; Archibald Knox, 1819; re-elected, 1845, 1850; Henry B. 
 Trowbridge, 1823; Godfrey Bowman, 1823; Jonathan Bonney, 1824; John Good- 
 speed, 1828; re-elected, 1840; Luke Scott, Jr., 1827; Shelden Tuttle, 1838; Isaac 
 Metcalf, 1828; Allen Frazer, 1830; Colton Knox, 1832; Archibald Campbell, 1833; 
 Edward C. Young, 1834; John Wakley, Jr., 1835; Byram Hunt, 1838; John Knox, 
 1850; re-elected, 1855; Eleazer S. Seely, 1852; re-elected, 1858 and 1863; Jeremiah 
 Stoddard, 1860; John Howland, 1866; Caleb Short, 1872; re-elected, 1877, 1882; 
 William A. Falkner, 1876; re-elected, 1881, 1886, 1891; Daniel H. Lee, 1887; re- 
 elected, 1892, 1893; H. F. Daniels, Jr., 1896. 
 
 CHUHCHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Deerfield was organized in March, 1839, by 
 Eev. Samuel Wise, with twelve members, among whom were Orpha Costley, Orva 
 Howland, Laura D. Whittaker, Hannah C. Whittaker, John C. Whittaker, Electa 
 Matteson, Anson Eowley and wife, and Enoch Coffin and wife. This society never 
 had a house of worship of its own. It worshiped at difEerent times in the Liberty 
 
DEBBFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 419 
 
 school house, Union Academy chapel and the present school house at Academy Cor- 
 ners. The following named pastors have served this church: From 1830 to 1840 — 
 Eevs. John Steds, Walter Brown, Valorus- Beebe, James Bignall and Hiram Bacon; 
 1840 to 1850— Eevs. William Mack, Calvin Dodge and Daniel W. Hunt; 1850 to 
 1860— Eevs. Asel Aldrich and Selden Butler; 1870 to 1880— Eevs. W. M. Peck 
 and W. M. Sargent. For a number of years the society has had no regular pastor, 
 the members attending the church at Knoxville. A Sunday-school is still main- 
 tained. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Deerfield was organized in 1844, and was known for 
 many years as the Chatham and Farmington Baptist church. The first meetings 
 were held in the Wass school house in Chatham township. Among the original 
 members were Walter Van Dusen and wife, Chadwick Clark and wife, Hannah 
 Seelye, Mrs. Humphrey, Mrs. Treat, Mrs. Sally Curran, Mrs. Strong, Edward Fish 
 and wife, and William Simpson and wife. Walter Van Dusen and Philip Vincent 
 were the first deacons. Meetings were held in school houses in Chatham and Farm- 
 ington township. In 1880 the name of the church was changed to the First 
 Baptist Church of Deerfield, and in 1886 the society in Knoxville united with this 
 church and took its name. On February 38, 1888, a new church building costing 
 $3,000 was dedicated. The church now numbers fifty members, with thirty pupils 
 in the Sunday-school, of which Fred. Matteson is the superintendent. Among the 
 early pastors of this church were Elder Hunt, Samuel Bullock, Elder Farley, and 
 others. Since 1865 the pastors have been as follows: C. Beebe, 1866-70; C. K. 
 Bunnell, 1873-74; J. M. Taylor, 1875-76; H. E. Ford, 1877; P. Eeynolds, 1878-80; 
 Abner Morrill, 1883; E. K. Hammond, 1884-85; G. P. Watrous, 1888-89; S. A. 
 Field, 1890-91; H. J. Colestick, 1893; J. W. Lyon, 1894, and C. T. Frame, the 
 present pastor, who took charge in February, 1896. 
 
 Hast Deerfield Free Baptist Church, incorporated November 36, 1873, known 
 as the "Butler Church," was organized in September, 1853, by Eev. Selden Butler. 
 Am.ong the original members were Eev. Selden Butler, S. P. Babeoek and wife, 
 Oliver and William Babcock, Mrs. Sylvia Wheaton, Jared Upham, Stephen Odell 
 and wife, Henry Seamans and wife and Luther Bradley and wife. For several years 
 the congregation worshiped in school houses, barns and dwellings. Finally through 
 the efforts of Eev. Selden Butler, who gave the site on which it stands, embracing 
 a half acre of ground, and in other ways afforded substantial aid, a neat church 
 building 36 by 50 feet, costing $1,500, was erected and dedicated June 1, 1874. It 
 is located in the southeastern part of the township, near the Farmington township 
 line. Eev. Selden Butler served as pastor from 1853 to 1857 and at various times 
 afterward when the society had no regular pastor. His successors have been Eevs. 
 William Mack, 1857; W. M. Sargent, 1870-73; Ira Leach, 1875; W. M. Peck, 1877-80; 
 Eev. Donecker, 1881; Selden Butler, 1882; 0. J. Moon, 1883-85; Selden Butler, 
 supply; W. S. Smith, 1891-95, and E. F. Lyons, the present pastor, who took charge 
 in April, 1895. The church now numbers about forty-five members. 
 
 Cemeteries. — One of the oldest burial places in the county, excepting, of course, 
 the Indian burying grounds, is the oldest cemetery on the Loren Carpenter farm, 
 about a half mile east of Academy Corners. The first interment was made here in 
 1800, of a member, so it is said, of a surveying party. For lack of a coffin his com- 
 
420 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 panions placed the body between two split planks, one above, the other below, and 
 marked his grave "C. C. J., 1800." Here in an unmarked grave lie the remains of 
 William Knox, the pioneer of the township. Here, also, are buried other members 
 of the Knox family, as well as members of the Cloos, Bulkley, Short, Wright, Falk- 
 ner, Howland, Ingham and other early families. 
 
 An acre of ground, situated on the south side of the Cowanesque, opposite 
 Knoxville, was given for a public burying ground, about fifty years ago, by Daniel 
 Cummings. Interments were made here up to within a few years. Many of the 
 early settlers were buried here. The cemetery has never been incorporated. 
 
 Highland Cemetery Association, incorporated August 33, 1886, is the successor 
 of the Union Cemetery Company, organized September 14, 1869, for the purpose 
 of purchasing land of Elisha Bowen and Eev. Selden Butler for cemetery purposes. 
 This cemetery, which contains one acre of land, is situated near the "Butler Church." 
 The present board of managers are: A. Kizer, treasurer; A. A. Butler, secretary; 
 A. Gr. Gates, M. S. Butler and Israel Seamans. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Academy Corners is the name of a village situated on the Cowanesque river, at 
 the mouth of Yamall brook, a mile and a half east of Knoxville. The first settler 
 on the site of the village was James Strawbridge. The first store was built here 
 about 1840 by William J. Knox. The first hotel about 1819 by John Knox. The 
 Cowanesque Hotel was built in 1854 by William A. Falkner. It had a number of 
 landlords during the nearly forty years of its existence. There are three stores in 
 the village now, the oldest as well as the leading merchant being Martin V. Purple. 
 A postolfice was established at Academy Corners, May 29, 1876, with Martin V. 
 Purple as postmaster. He held the office until October 15, 1888, when C. E. How- 
 land was appointed. He was succeeded July 1, 1891, by Mrs. E. H. Campbell, and 
 the latter in May, 1896, by Hattie Cornell. 
 
 The village is the meeting place of James Howland Post, Ko. 508, G. A. E., and 
 of Valley Grange, No. 876, P. of H. The former was organized January 15, 1886, 
 with twelve members. It meets in the hall over M. V. Purple's store. Besides pur- 
 chasing a fine silk flag at a cost of $32, this post has paid out over $500 for the 
 relief of distressed soldiers and their families. Valley Grange was organized March 
 25, 1889, and is one of the strongest granges in the county, having a membership of 
 150. It owns a two-story, slate roof hall, purchased in 1889, and is in a flourishing 
 condition. 
 
CHAPTER XXXL 
 
 KNOXVILLE BOEOUGH. 
 
 Organization— Origin of Name— Area and Elevation— Billings Park— Popula- 
 tion— Early Settlers— Manufacturing Enterprises— Mbrcantilei Enter- 
 ■ prises— Inns and Hotels— Schools— Borough Organization and Officials- 
 Postmasters— Physicians AND Lawyers— Newspapers— Churches— Ceme- 
 teries— Societies. 
 
 THE borough, of Knorville was organized in accordance with the proTisions 
 of an act of the legislature, approved April 19, 1850, and was named for 
 Archibald and William Knox, sons of the pioneer "William Knox, who established 
 themselves in business here between 1815 and 1835 — ^the former as a merchant and 
 the latter as a hotel keeper. The borough area comprises 365 acres and lies in the 
 angle formed by the junction of Troup's creek and the Cowanesque river, being east 
 of the former and north of the latter stream. The elevation, railroad grade, is 
 1,345 feet above tide water. The site of the borough is level and possesses natural 
 advantages as a manufacturing and trading point. The Troup's creek valley renders 
 accessible the rich fanning township of Brookfield, while good roads leading up 
 ravines and valleys south of the river reach Chatham township, affording to those 
 living in the northern part of that township and the eastern part of "Westfield the 
 means of reaching this desirable market and tradiug point. 
 
 Aside from its numerous handsome residences, situated in the midst of spacious 
 and well-kept grounds, the borough boasts an added attraction in Billings Park. 
 This park, which embraces about an acre of ground on East Main street, was leased 
 to the borough September 10, 1893, by Charles P. Billings for ninety-nine years, 
 to be used only for park purposes and to be kept open to the public. It has since 
 been fenced, laid out with gravel walks and planted with shade trees. A band 
 pavilion has been built, and many other things done towards making the park a 
 popular resort. It is one of the nicest little parks in the county and a credit to 
 Knoxville. 
 
 The borough has grown steadily since its incorporation. The population in 1860 
 was 313; 1870, 400; 1880, 459; 1890, 679. 
 
 early settlers. 
 
 The land within the Knoxville borough limits forms a part of Survey No. 531, 
 the warrant for which was obtained May 17, 1785, by Thomas Proctor, and the 
 location made June 35, 1786. Proctor served with distinction during the Eevo- 
 lutionary War, taking part in the capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and in the 
 battles of Princeton, Germantown and Brandywine. He commanded the artillery 
 in Sullivan's Expedition in 1779, and took a prominent part in the battle of New- 
 
422 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 town, near Elmira, New York. He resigned his commission as colonel April 9, 1781, 
 and died in Philadelphia March 6, '1806. The general knowledge he obtained of 
 this section of the State, while on the Sullivan Expedition, doubtless, guided him in 
 locating his warrant. He retained but a brief possession, however, selling his war- 
 rantee rights, November 33, 1786, to James Strawbridge, "for the consideration 
 of five shillings specie, as well as for other good causes and valuable considerations." 
 The land thus became a part of the Strawbridge tract, to which Strawbridge gave 
 the name of "Delight." 
 
 The first white person to settle on the borough site was Simon Eixf ord, a Eevo- 
 lutionary soldier, who was afflicted with deafness, the result of proximity to artillery 
 fire during battle. He enlisted when fifteen years of age and served seven years. 
 Mr. Eixford settled in 1799, on Troup's creek, coming from Winchester, Massa- 
 chusetts. "With the assistance of his sons Asahel and David he made a clearing, on 
 which he resided until 1830, when the family removed to Mixtown, in Clymer town- 
 ship, and became pioneers there. Luke Scott, who built the first saw-mill on Troup's 
 creek, in 1830, came, so his living descendants say, in 1804, and settled on the site 
 of the borough. He afterwards removed to Clymer township. The next settlers 
 were Jonathan, Solomon and Alexander Matteson, who came in 1811 from Herkimer 
 county, New York, bringing with them their aged parents. Jonathan purchased 
 about 100 acres of land, now the central part of the borough, and Solomon and 
 Alexander settled east of him. In 1811 Daniel Cummings came from Pittsfield, 
 Otsego county. New York, and bought a small lot now occupied by the Gilbert drug 
 store. In 1813 George 0. Bristol, then seven years of age, came to Knoxville with 
 his widowed mother, who subsequently married Simon Eixford. In 1813 Cornelius 
 Goodspeed settled within the borough. Peter Eushmore, the pioneer tanner, and 
 Aaron Alba, the first postmaster, came in 1818. Silas Billings, the lumberman; 
 Hiram Freeborn, an early distiller, and later a prominent business man, came in 
 1833, and Elias Horton, a carpenter, in 1833. These were the principal settlers 
 before 1835, when the place began to take on the appearance of a village. There 
 were doubtless a few here, as elsewhere, who made only a temporary stay, and who 
 were soon drawn farther west by the opening up of new lands. 
 
 MANUFACTUEING ENTEEPEISBS. 
 
 In 1815 Jonathan Matteson and Daniel Cummings built a log distillery in 
 Knoxville. The water used was brought from a spring on the north hill, the whiskey 
 being distilled from corn and rye. Stephen Colvin, a son-in-law of Jonathan Matte- 
 son, was the distiller. In 1830 Jonathan Matteson became the sole owner, and 
 carried on the enterprise until 1833. In 1833 Silas Billings and Hiram Freeborn 
 came to Knoxville and in 1833 erected a distillery, and carried on the business of 
 distilling whiskey, under the name of Freeborn & Company. This partnership 
 continued until about 1839, when Mr. Freeborn engaged in the business for himself, 
 continuing for over twenty years. Mr. Billings resumed distilling in 1830, con- 
 tinuing until 1836. 
 
 A grist mill was erected by Jonathan Matteson in 1817 on the north bank of 
 the Cowanesque river. It was a one-run water-power mill, and was patronized by 
 
KNOXVILLE BOEOTIGH. 423 
 
 the settlers of Deerfield, Brookfield and Westfield townships. James Costley appears 
 to have had one-fourth interest in this mill. It was operated by various owners 
 until about 1865. 
 
 Daniel Cummings' Fulling Mill was established in a portion of Jonathan Matte- 
 son's grist mill, the cloth-dressing department being in charge of Aaron Alba, who 
 came from Massachusetts ia 1818, the cloth being woven by hand in looms in dwelling 
 houses. A carding machine was added later and placed in charge of Horace Streeter. 
 This enterprise was successfully conducted for a number of years previous to the 
 establishment of the woolen mill at Academy Comers. 
 
 Silas Billings' Enterprises, in addition to the distillery already mentioned, 
 consisted of a saw-mill, an oil-mill, a grist-mill, an ashery and a tannery. The saw- 
 mill was established by him in 1823. He operated it until 1835. He also erected 
 an ashery and pearling works in 1833, the product of which was hauled to Ithaca, 
 New York, and to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and thence shipped to market. In 
 1834: he established an oil mill for the manufacture of liaseed oil. This he operated 
 until 1840, when he removed to Elmira, Few York. The mill, since rebuilt and 
 now known as the "Knoxville EoUer Mill," was erected by him in 1835, and is one 
 of the oldest manufacturing enterprises in the county. The gable of the original 
 mill bore the following inscription: 
 
 "E Pluribus Unum. 
 
 Head Quarters. 
 
 Silas Billings. 
 
 Bilt by John Spicer. 
 
 A. D. 1825. 
 
 "Water power was used until 1854, when steam was substituted. The saw-mill 
 has also been operated in connection with the grist mill, imder various owners, to 
 the present time. In 1863 the property was purchased by Joel Johnson. In 1888 
 the grist mill was rebuilt and the roller process adopted, at a cost of about $20,000. 
 September 13, 1895, the property was sold at sheriff's sale, and was purchased by 
 Albert Dearman, who sold it in May, 1896, to Burch & Conklin, the present owners. 
 It is one of the best equipped mills in the county and does a large custom and mer- 
 chant business. 
 
 In 1830 Silas Billings purchased the tannery established in 1823 by Peter 
 Eushmore and operated it until 1844, when it was purchased by Angell & Gilbert, 
 the firm consisting of Daniel Angell and Hiram Gilbert. Angell retired in 1853, 
 but resumed control in 1855, with Butler Pride as partner. In 1859 Angell sold 
 his interest to A. D. Knox, who sold to William E. Beard in 1863. In 1868 Daniel 
 and Delos Angell bought the property, which was purchased in 1873 by W. D. 
 Angell, who sold it in 1878 to Thomas Brock, who carried it on until 1893, when 
 it ceased operations. 
 
 The Knoxville Foundry was built in 1851, by Gleason, Biles & Eobie, of Bath, 
 New York, the business being conducted by John P. Biles until 1876, and then by 
 Solomon Gleason until 1884, when the property was purchased by Clark B. Bailey 
 and owned by him until 1888, when the foundry and machine shop was destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
424 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The Knoxville Sash and Blind Factory and Planing Mill was established in 1852 
 by Henry Seely. It burned in 1863 and was rebuilt in 1864, and thereafter, until 
 1880, owned and operated by various parties. In the latter year the property was 
 purchased by Ira M. Edgcomb. In 1884 the firm of Ira M. Edgeomb & Sons was 
 formed. They still carry on the enterprise, doing a large business annually and 
 giving constant employment to fifteen men. 
 
 Chester Wells' Furniture Factory was established in 1869 and carried on for 
 nearly twenty years, the business being confined to the sale and manufacture 
 of household furniture. 
 
 D. L. Freeborn's Foundry and Machine Shop was established in 1884. It gives 
 employment to six men, and besides doing a general foundry and machine-repairing 
 business, is devoted to the manufacture of wood-mills and steel land-rollers. 
 
 HEECANTILE ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 Scarce & Wing were the pioneer merchants of Knoxville. They began business 
 in 1815, took lumber in payment for goods, and soon quit, losing heavily. Harvey 
 Hemingway succeeded them, but only remained for a short time. Archibald Knox 
 began business in 1818 and continued for many years. Silas Billings engaged in 
 merchandising in 1823 and at once took the lead in trade. 0. P. and Nehemiah 
 Beach began business in 1836 and continued several years. Albert Dearman, a 
 carpenter, came to Knoxville in 1844, began as a clerk for 0. P. Beach, and in 1845 
 became a partner, the firm becoming Beaiih & Dearman. In 1849 the firm dissolved 
 and was succeeded by A. & J. Dearman, Justus Dearman, a brother of Albert, becom- 
 ing his partner. In 1862 Albert withdrew and embarked in business for himself. 
 In 1871 Justus Dearman's store was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt in 1873. He 
 died December 14, 1880, leaving his brother, Albert Dearman, the senior merchant 
 of the borough. In 1826 Victor Case began selling goods as a clerk for SUas Bill- 
 ings, and about 1836 went into bupiness for himself, continuing until 1872, when 
 he was succeeded by his son. Linden Case. Levi Eeynolds opened a store in 1845 
 and continued in business with but a brief interruption till 1876. Jones & Young 
 began selling tinware in 1852, and in 1853 Giles Koberts, still in business, bought 
 them out. He has had seyeral partners in the meantime. These wers the principal 
 business enterprises established here up to 1853. Since then each year has witnessed 
 a new undertaking, some to remain a short time while others have established them- 
 selves in public favor and are permanent and prosperous. 
 
 INNS AND HOTELS. 
 
 The traveling public was entertained as early as 1815 at the house of Daniel 
 Cummings, who also owned an interest in a distillery and supplied his patrons with 
 'liquid refreshments." His house stood on Main street, west of the present brick 
 hotel. In 1822 Stephen Colvin built a frame hotel near the site of the Gilbert drug 
 store. His successors were Charles Eyon, 1844, and A. J. Monroe, 1845. This hotel 
 was demolished in 1851 and Olmstead P. Beach erected a new one on its site, carry- 
 ing it on until 1860, when the unfinished building, known as the "Ark," was com- 
 pleted for use as stores. A log hotel, called the Eixford House, was built in 1824, 
 by "William Knox, and kept open as a hotel till 1829. A large building was erected 
 
KNOXVILLB B0E0U6H. ^2E 
 
 hj Silas Billings in 1826, on East Main street, opened as a hotel, and conducted by 
 Mm till 1832. It had many landlords and was known as the "Knoxville House." 
 "Weaver House," "Eagle," etc. In 1883 it was destroyed by fire, Capt. B. A. Signor 
 being the landlord at the time. The large brick building, now known as the Adams 
 House, was remodeled in 1871 for hotel purposes by Jeremiah Stoddard. The land- 
 lords here have been Jeremiah Stoddard, A. D. Bryan, A. B. Graves, S. B. Lovelace, 
 H.' G. Short and John S. Adams. The hotel is now owned and carried on by Mrs. 
 J. S. Adams, widow of the last-named landlord. "What is known as the Seely Hotel, 
 near the Edgcomb planing mill, was erected in 1884 by J. O'Harrigan, and kept for 
 several years by himself and his son. The present landlord is jSTat Seely. About 
 1886 Andrew Stevens erected what is now known as the Dunham House, near the 
 Fall Brook depot. Since his death the house has been kept by Mrs. "W. W. Dunham, 
 Mrs. Stevens' mother. It is now run as a temperance house. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in Knoxville was erected in 1817, and was built of plank, 
 dove-tailed and dowel-pianed to the frame. In 1834 a better house was bmlt, on 
 the south side of Main street, and farther east. Between 1855 and 1860 the school 
 district rented the Quaker meeting house, owing to a dispute, involving possession 
 of the school house, with John Groodspeed, who nailed up the building, "illegally 
 using it," as the directors set forth in their proceeding, "for a store room." Being 
 unable to dispossess him, except by violence, they "left the house in his possession." 
 A law suit and finally a settlement followed. In 1858 a lot was bought of Julius G. 
 Seely and a school building erected, which has since been enlarged and improved, 
 and a graded school system adopted. The school has always been well conducted 
 and the course of study such as to give pupils a good English education. Among 
 the early teachers were Sophia Hale, who taught in 1818; Gaylord Griswold Colvin, 
 1821; Anson Eowley, 1822; Abbey Goodspeed, 1828; Madison Darling, 1832; 
 Ehoda Horton, 1835; H. G. Olmstead, 1837; Victor Case, 1838, and Hiram K. 
 Hill, 1839. 
 
 BOKOUGH OHGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The borough of Knoxville was organized, as previously stated, April 19, 1850. 
 The first council meeting was held February 28, 1851, and Butler B. Strang elected 
 clerk. At a meeting held May 6, 1851, A. J. Monroe and George A. Mead were 
 elected street commissioners; Daniel Angell, treasurer, and Archibald D. Knox, 
 poundmaster. The following are the names of the burgesses elected since the organ- 
 ization of the borough: Herman Temple, 1851; Hiram Freeborn, 1852-53; David 
 T. Billings, 1854; Daniel Angell, 1855-56; Julius Morgan, 1857; John P. Biles, 
 1858; Augustus Alba, 1859; Charles 0. Bowman, 1860; Charles H. Goldsmith, 
 1861; Justus Dearman, 1862-64; Giles Koberts, 1865-66; Julius G. Seelye, 1867; 
 "William Markham, 1868; "William Morse, 1869; Augustus Alba, 1870; John M. 
 Christie, 1871; Giles Eoberts, 1872; "William Morse, 1873; Lucius Matteson, 1874; 
 John M. Christie, 1875-76; Charies Boom, 1877; Albert Dearman, 1878-80; John 
 F. Boom, 1880-81; Albert Dearman, 1882; H. G. Short, 1883; John Goodspeed, 
 1884; Giles Eoberts, 1885; John T. Gear, 1886-87; Albert Dearman, 1888-96, and 
 I. M. Edgcomb, elected in 1897. 
 
426 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The following named persons have been elected justices of the peace for the 
 borough: Andrew Beers and Cornelius Van Dyck, 1851; W. B. Dimmick, 1853; 
 John E. WMte, 1854; re-elected in 1857, 1864, 1869, 1874 and 1879; J. W. Bellews, 
 1855; Nathan Comstock, 1858; Victor Case, 1861; Nelson G. Ray, 1862; John P. 
 Biles, 1862; Giles Roberts, 1867; re-elected in 1872; James C. Goodspeed, 1882; 
 P. G. Babcoek, 1884; W. D. Angell, 1889; re-elected, 1894; James R. Butler, 1892; 
 Giles Roberts, 1894, and A. B. Hitchcock, 1897. 
 
 POSTMASTEES. 
 
 The Knoxville postoffice was established November 20, 1822, with Aaron Alba 
 postmaster. He was commissioned in December, 1822, and held the office until Jan- 
 uary 23, 1830, when he was succeeded by Colton Knox, who held until October 3, 
 1831, when Mr. Alba was again appointed. August 12, 1841, Victor Case took the 
 office, and held it until March 15, 1843, when Mr. Alba once more became post- 
 master, and was succeeded October 9, 1847, by Daniel Angell. January 30, 1849, 
 Victor Case was again appointed, and was succeeded, March 2, 1851, by Samuel May, 
 Jr. Hiram Freeborn became postmaster July 26, 1853; Levi B. Reynolds, May 13, 
 1861, and Victor Case again April 29, 1869. Linden Case was appointed January 6, 
 1873. His successor was Jerome W. Hathaway, who held until October 30, 1889, 
 when Frank L. Gilbert succeeded him and served four years. H. A. Ashton, the 
 present incumbent, was appointed October 30, 1893. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS. 
 
 Eddy Howland, Dr. Simeon Power and Jonathan Bonney, all of whom are 
 mentioned in the chapter on Deerfield township, were the pioneer physicians. Allen 
 Frazer, though residing at Academy Corners, included Knoxville in his practice. He 
 came in 1825. Ephraim Fuller located in 1830 and Pliny Power in 1831. Each 
 remained about a year. Thaddeus Phelps came in 1832 and left in 1834. Richard I. 
 Jones came in 1837 and remained until 1840. Herman Temple, a student of Allen 
 Frazer, practiced from 1840 till his death in 1852. William B. Rich located in 
 Knoxville in 1843 and practiced thirty years. Jerome Knapp began practice in 
 Knoxville in 1851. He died in 1854. Dr. Ira W. Bellews came in 1854 and practiced 
 until 1870. Dr. H. A. Phillips practiced here from 1867 to his death in 1877. C. M. 
 Phillips, a student of Dr. H. A. Phillips, was in practice here a short time previous to 
 1881, when he removed to Rathboneville, New York. Dr. Charles Albert Reese, a 
 native of Somerset county, Pennsylvania, began practice in Knoxville in 1875 and is 
 still a resident physician of the borough. Walter R. Francis, a native of Wellsboro, 
 practiced in Knoxville from 1878 to 1891, when he removed to Marion, Indiana. 
 Alonzo Kibbe, a native of Potter county, located in Knoxville in April, 1891, and 
 has since pursued the practice of his profession with success. Dr. Charles Trexler 
 became a resident physician of the borough in January, 1897. 
 
 A. J. Monroe began the practice of law in Knoxville in 1851. In 1859 he 
 removed to Monticello, Iowa. Charles 0. Bowman practiced in Knoxville from 
 1852 to 1865, when he removed to Erie county, Pennsylvania. Charles L. Peek, a 
 native of Farmington, studied law under Hon. M. F. Elliott, and practiced in Knox- 
 ville from 1872 to 1876. John Ormerod came from Coudersport, Potter county, in 
 
KNOSVILLB BOEOUGH. 
 
 427 
 
 1877, and practiced in Knoxville until 1881. John T. Gear, a native of Pittsford, 
 Monroe county, New York, was admitted to the Potter county bar in June, 1881, and 
 December 1, of that year, opened an office in Knoxville, where he has since resided 
 and successfully practiced his profession. H. A. Ashton, the present postmaster 
 of Knoxville, was admitted to the Tioga county bar in December, 1887, and imme- 
 diately located in Knoxville. He has since built up a fair practice. 
 
 NEWSPAPEES. 
 
 The Knoxville Courier was established November 1, 1883, as a six-column 
 quarto, by A. H. Owens. In 1884 the firm became Owens & Culver, who ran it as 
 a Eepublican paper. In 1885 La Mont Brothers became proprietors, and in 1886 
 it was conducted by Edward E. La Mont. In 1889 Frank G. Babcock became 
 proprietor and changed it to a folio, and ran it as independent in politics. November 
 1, 1889, it was purchased by Charles E. Brugler, the present proprietor. It is all 
 home print, independent in politics, and devoted to local interests. Mr. Brugler 
 has condxicted it with ability, and it is recognized as one of the best local papers in 
 the county. It has a pajdng and growing subscription list. A well equipped job 
 office is run in connection with it. 
 
 CHTIKCHES. 
 
 A Quaker Society was organized about 1813 and a meeting house erected. 
 Among the early members were Ebenezer and Mehitabel Seelye, Julius and Joanna 
 Seelye, Joseph and Euth Colvin, Emmer and Huldali Bowen, Jesse Lapham and 
 wife, George Martin and wife, and Martin and Freelove Bowen. This society main- 
 tained its organization and held meetings for many years. The children and grand- 
 children of the original and early members drifted into other denominations, and the 
 society finally passed out of existence. The old meeting house is now occupied as 
 a dwelling. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Knoxville, incorporated December 
 5, 1867, dates the beginning of its history to meetings held previous to 1815 by 
 William Knox, a local preacher and exhorter. The first pastor was Eev. Samuel 
 Conant, who began his ministrations about 1815. In 1836 a parsonage was built 
 in the western part of the borough, Zadoc Bowen making a free gift of the land. 
 It has been a matter of difficulty to secure the names of the pastors in the order of 
 their service. The following, however, is an approximately complete list: Between 
 1830 and 1830— Eevs. John Copeland, Mr. Bell, Mr. Carey, Asa Orcutt, Caleb 
 Kendall, and I. J. B. McKinney. Between 1830 and 1840— Eevs. Bell, Mr. Dewey, 
 Nathan Fellows and Ealph D. Brooks. Between 1840 and 1850— Eevs. Francis W. 
 Conable, Milo Scott, Samuel Nichols, J. L. S. Grandin, Mr. Turk and A. D. Edgar. 
 Between 1850 and 1860 — Eevs. Davison, James Duncan, Samuel Nichols, E. L. Still- 
 well, Samuel P. Guernsey and Elisha Sweet. Cornelius Dillenbeck, 1863-63; C. L. 
 F. Howe, 0. B. "Weaver, 1865-68; Isaac Everitt, 1868-71; John H. Blades, 1871-73; 
 Charles Weeks, 1873-74; J. Y. Lowell, 1875-77; W. W. Hunt, 1877; J. W. Bamett, 
 1878; J. 0. Jarman, 1879-80; John Knapp, 1881-83; G. S. Spencer, 1883-85; 
 John Irons, 1885; C. M. Gardner, 1886-89; H. J. Owens, 1890-94, and S. C. Farn- 
 ham, who came in October, 1894. In 1871 a frame church building was erected 
 
428 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 at a cost of $3,000. In IS?? the old parsonage was exchanged for the residence of 
 Clark B. Bailey, a difference of $1,400 being paid. The church at present consists 
 of 117 memhers. There are 110 pupils in the Sunday-school, of which H. M. Cleye- 
 land is the superintendent. 
 
 The Knoxville Free Church Association, incorporated February 6, 1867, was 
 organized October 24, 1851, for the purpose of providing a house of public worship 
 in the borough of Knoxville, for the use of the different Christian denominations 
 desiring to hold services in it. Stock was sold at $10 a share, each member having 
 one vote for each share owned by him. The stock was taken by nearly all the leading 
 citizens of Elnozville, many of the subscribers being members of no denomination. 
 Hiram Freeborn, Henry Freeborn, Daniel Angell, David T. Billings and John Good- 
 speed gave $100 each to the enterprise. A lot was purchased of Jonathan Matteson 
 for $50, which he donated. Until 1869 this was the only church building in Knox- 
 ville. In 1866 a bell was piu-ehased, and in 1867 a "time table" was made out and 
 agreed to by Methodists, "Christians" and Hniversalists. The building is now 
 used as a house of worship by the "Christian" church, which was organized October 
 15, 1865. 
 
 The Christian Church of Knoxville, incorporated October 2, 1893, was organized 
 October 15, 1865, by Eev. Chester D. Kinney, of Osceola; Eev. Mr. White, of Wat- 
 kins, New York; Eev. J. W. K. Stewart, of Lawrenceville, and Eev. W. D. Euther- 
 f ord, of Knoxville. The church has now fifty members, with forty-five pupils in the 
 Sunday-school, of which the pastor is superintendent. The names of the ministers 
 who have served this church as pastors are as follows: Eevs. W. D. Eutherford, 
 1865; H. E. Kendall, 1866; Chester D. Kinney, 1868; A. T. Abbott, 1876; Walter 
 T. Mills, 1878; J. E. Hayes, 1880; Elias Jones, 1886; E. B. Elbridge, 1886; Oscar 
 Brann, 1887; J. L. Box, 1888; T. V. Moore, 1889; J. W. Wilson, 1890; L. A. Dyke- 
 man, 1891, and Ira L. Peck, who came April 1, 1894. The society worships in the 
 Free Church building. 
 
 The First Evangelical Congregational Church of Knoxville, incorporated June 
 18, 1870, was organized April 28, 1867, by Eev. L. Smith Holbert, with seven mem- 
 bers, viz: Joel and Caroline Johnson and daughter Frances, Elias Horton, Jr., and 
 Adah, his wife, J. P. Biles and Miss Emily Goodspeed. The names of the pastors 
 are as follows: Eevs. J. A. Farrer, 1868; John Cairns, 1870; W. H. Segston, 1872, 
 and A. C. Palmer, 1875. The society began the erection of a brick church building in 
 1869, which was completed and dedicated February 2, 1871. The building of this 
 edifice involved the society in debt and it was sold in 1888, and is now owned and 
 used by the Presbyterian church, organized May 9, 1888, into which the Congrega- 
 tional society merged. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Knoxville was organized March 7, 1868, with seven mem- 
 bers, as follows: E. P. Masterson, P. J. Masterson, Miss Frank Masterson, Mrs. 
 Elizabeth Short, William E. Simpson and Mrs. Clara Plaisted. For a number of 
 years this society worshiped in the Congregational church building. In 1886 this 
 society united with the First Baptist church of Deerfield. On February 28, 1888, 
 a new church building costing $2,000 was dedicated. The names of the pastors of 
 this church from the organization to 1886 are as follows: Eevs. W. P. Omans, 1868; 
 Stephen H. Murdock, 1871; C. K. Bunnell, 1873; C. A. Diffin, 1876; Philander 
 
KNOXVILLB BOROUGH. 429 
 
 Eeynolds, 1878; S. L. Bouvier, 1883; Abner Morrill, 1883; E. K. Hammoiid, 1884. 
 Since the union the pastors have been the same as those given in the history of the 
 First Baptist church of Deerfield, in the chapter on Deerfield township. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Association of Knoxville was organized May 9, and incor- 
 porated September 3, 1888. There were thirteen original members, as follows: 
 Dr. George W. and Mary Korthrop, Joel Johnson, Dr. Ira W. Bellews, Maxy A. 
 Bellews, Marion Sturnock, Lucy Boom, Lavantia W. Eeynolds, Charles L. Hoyt, 
 Mariette Gilbert, Elizabeth D. Howland and Clement D. Northrop. Eev. S. H. 
 Moon, D. D., Ph.D., was the pastor of this church from its organization until Janu- 
 ary, 1897, having charge also of the churches in Osceola and Elkland. In January, 
 1897, Eev. J. B. "Woodward, the present pastor, took charge. The society now num- 
 bers thirty members. In 1888 this society acquired the Congregational church 
 building, which it still owns and in which it worships. There axe thirty pupils 
 in the Sunday-school, of which C. L. Hoyt is the superintendent. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The Old Quaker Burying Ground is situated on the south side of Main street, 
 in the eastern part of the borough. Owing to the fact that the strict mem- 
 bers of the Society of Friends erected no tombstones or monuments over their dead, 
 the early graves in this inclosure are unmarked. Here rest, however, the remains 
 of members of the Howland, Handy, Seelye, Bowen, Clark, Pease and other well- 
 known families. Over the graves of those dying in later years suitable monuments 
 have been reared. In this graveyard lies buried the remains of Eev. Elisha Sweet, 
 a member of the East Genesee Conference, who died September 7, 1869, aged fifty- 
 nine. 
 
 The Free Church Cemetery adjoins that edifice on the south. Here, about 1832, 
 were re-buried the remains of the occupants of the graves of the first burying ground 
 in the borough, which was on Main street, not far east of Troup's creek. Members 
 of the Knox, Alba, Colvin, Matteson, AVhite, Gilbert, Billings, Beach, Goodspeed 
 and other early families lie buried here. The last interment here was in January, 
 1884, when the remains of John E. White were buried. 
 
 The Riverside Cemetery Association was incorporated August 26, 1887, the 
 incorporators being J. C. Goodspeed, Sidney Beach, J. T. Gear, Ira M. Edgeomb and 
 "W. H. Edgeomb. The grounds of this association are located south of the river on 
 the old John Goodspeed farm. Since the prohibition by the borough council of 
 further burials in either of the cemeteries within the borough limits, interments have 
 been made in this cemetery. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 During the past fifty years a number of secret, social and benevolent societies 
 have been organized in Knoxville. The pioneer society was Cowanesque Lodge, No. 
 232, I. 0. 0. P. It was organized March 21, 1849. In 1867 it was removed to 
 Mansfield. June 11, 1872, Deerfield Lodge, No. 800, I. 0. 0. P., was organized. 
 It passed out of existence in 1883, the records being transferred to Jemison Lodge, 
 No. 333, Westfield. Cowanesque Division, No. 359, Sons of Temperance, was 
 organized June 14, 1849, and continued in existence about ten years. Cowanesque 
 
430 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Lodge, No. 351, F. & A. M., was organized December 5, 1864, and now numbers 
 thirty-eight members. A. & G. Seely Post, No. 44, G. A. E., was organized July 10, 
 1875. It surrendered its charter in 1879. Its members meet with James Howland 
 Post, No. 508, at Academy Corners. Knoxville Lodge, No. 760, K. of H., was organ- 
 ized October 5, 1877, and now numbers sixty members. Knoxville Union, No. 371, 
 E. A. U., organized March 22, 1881, is in a flourishing condition. Knoxville Tent, 
 No. 163, K. 0. T. M., was organized April 20, 1893. It now numbers forty mem- 
 bers and is rapidly growing, new members being added at almost every meeting. 
 
 CHAPTEE 
 
 WESTFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization — Physical Characteristics — Population — Early Settlers- 
 Early Enterprises— Schools and Justices— Churches and Cemeteries- 
 Villages. 
 
 WESTFIELD township, bounded on the north by Brookfield township, on the 
 east by Chatham township, on the south by Clymer township and on the west 
 by Potter county, was organized in December, 1821, and was taken from Deerfield 
 township. The origin of its name is attributed to the fact that it was then the 
 western limit of the settled portion of the Cowanesque va,lley. At the time of its 
 organization its area included all of Brookfield township, taken from it in February, 
 1827, and a part of Clymer township, taken from it and Gaines township in Decem- 
 ber, 1850. As at present constituted, it is seven miles from east to west, has an 
 average width from north to south of three and one-half miles, and contains about 
 twenty-four square miles. The east, west and south boundary lines are straight, 
 and the northern boundary line irregular, its general direction from southwest to 
 northeast being the same as the Cowanesque river, which flows through the northern 
 part of the township. It is said that the somewhat eccentric irregularities of this line 
 are due to the surveyor getting his figures "mixed" while snow-boimd at a house in 
 Broolcfield township. That portion of the township — about one-fourth of its area — 
 lying north of the Cowanesque river, is a narrow strip, averaging less than a mile 
 wide, about equally divided between level valley and steep hillside. The river 
 valley, which averages about half a mile in width, is comparatively level and its 
 soil fertile and productive. In this valley are situated the borough of Westfield, 
 and the villages of Potter Brook, Cowanesque and Phillips Station. South of the 
 Cowanesque river, beyond the hills that line its valley, the township, though rugged 
 
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP. 43]^ 
 
 and broken, is usually described as rolling. It is nearly all tillable and abounds in 
 well-cultivated and productive farms. The township is one of the best watered in 
 the county, and its streams axe all tributaries of the Cowanesque river. From the 
 north it receives North Fork, California and Purple brooks, which flow in a south- 
 east direction from Brookfield township. The streams that flow from the south 
 are Potter brook, Crause brook. Mill creek, Tuttle brook and Jemison creek, all of 
 which, except Tuttle brook, rise in Clymer township. All those various streams 
 have their rise in springs and their waters are clear and sparkling. In the early 
 days they abounded in brook trout, the disappearance of which has long been a 
 source of regret to the disciples of "Izaak Walton." Westfleld is an agricultural 
 township, and its farmers are industrious, intelligent and prosperous. 
 
 Since its organization Westfleld has had taken from it Brookfield townshi;^, 
 Westfield borough and a part of Clymer township. Each of these reductions of area 
 took from it also a certain number of inhabitants. Since the creation of Westfleld 
 borough in 1867, the census returns have shown the following number of inhabitants: 
 1870, 912; 1880, 907, and 1890, 1,361. 
 
 EAELT SETTLBES. 
 
 The first person to settle within the township boundaries appears to have 
 been Eeuben Cook, Sr., mention of whom is made in the chapter devoted to 
 Westfield borough. It is generally conceded, however, that the first permanent 
 settler was Ayers Tuttle. He was a native of Connecticut, came into the township 
 about 1809, and located just east of the present borough limits. He also bought a 
 part of the Eeuben Cook tract, now within the borough limits. His son, Cyrus 
 Tuttle, bom May 9, 1815, is the oldest living person born in the township. In 1810 
 Jesse Lapham, a Quaker, came from Ehode Island, and settled on what is now 
 known as the J. H. Batcheller place, at the mouth of Jemison creek, in the north- 
 eastern part of the township. This creek is said to have taken its name from Mary 
 Jemison, "the white woman of the Genesee." Others attribute the origin of the 
 name to the fact that John Jemison, her half-breed son, used to hunt and flsh in this 
 locality. Mr. Lapham resided at the mouth of Jemison creek until 1816, when he 
 purchased 200 acres of land in the western part of the present borough of Westfield. 
 He was the first resident carpenter and the first practical surveyor in the township. 
 He also dug the first well in the township, on that part of his place now known as 
 the Zacheus Mallory farm. A man named Eiggs was also one of the first settlers in 
 the township. He took up and partially cleared land at the mouth of North Fork, 
 afterwards owned by Jonathan Pierce, and now by Eev. 0. B. Weaver and others. 
 Nathaniel Mann was another early settler. The year of his coming is not known; 
 but inasmuch as his name appears in the list of the supervisors of Deerfield township 
 — which then included the territory of Westfield township — for the year 1815, he 
 must have been among the very first. He built the first frame house in the township. 
 It was erected about 1813 and stood by the roadside, near the present residence of 
 K. B. Hill, between the California and Purple brook crossings. Mr. Mann was 
 killed about 1826 or 1827, while building a bridge on the Jonathan Seamans place. 
 John Thomas, also an early settler, located on land which he afterwards sold to 
 Shelden Tuttle. Samuel Atkins, a native of Connecticut, came into the township 
 
432 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 at an early day and cleared a farm. His son, Zena Atkins, was one of the first town- 
 ship supervisors. William Dyer Weeks, a native of Vermont, settled, in 1812, on the 
 land, at the mouth of the North Fork, now occupied by King's saw-mill and the 
 Westfield fair grounds. In 1814 Lindsay Mulf ord, a native of New England, settled 
 at the mouth of Jamison creek, and cleared several farms in the township before his 
 death. 
 
 Jonathan Seamans, a native of Ehode Island, came in 1817 and settled within 
 the present borough limits, and is referred to in the chapter devoted to the borough. 
 He subsequently removed farther up the river and settled on the farm still owned 
 by his sons. In the same party with Mr. Seamans came Stephen Potter, John Potter, 
 Ezra Potter, Ezra Bowen and Martin Bowen, all from Ehode Island. They made 
 the journey with ox teams. About 1818 Stephen Potter, who was a stone mason, 
 selected a tract of land at the mouth of the brook that bears his name. His brother 
 Ezra also settled here, but soon after removed to Chatham township. This is now 
 the site of the village of Potter Brook. Ezra Bowen, a Quaker, bought a part of the 
 Jesse Lapham tract, which he sold a few years later to Abram Pease. Jonathan 
 Pierce, who came from Chenango county, New York, in 1817, settled on the 
 Augustus Streeter farm, through which the western boundary line of the borough 
 passes. Abram Pease, a native of Connecticut, came into the township from Steuben 
 county. New York, in 1819, and settled on sixty acres of land, afterwards a part of 
 the Eichard Krusen farm, in the western part of the borough. A year later, his older 
 brother, Oliver, bought 100 acres of land belonging to the estate of a man named 
 Chambers, of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on which Nathaniel Mann, about 1813, 
 built the first frame house in the township. Oliver and Abram subsequently ex- 
 changed farms. 
 
 James King, a native of Ehode Island, and a descendant of the Pilgrim fathers, 
 came in 1821, and settled on the Eichard Krusen farm. His son, Prince King, 
 located on Jemison creek, in 1823, where his sons. Prince W. and Willard King, now 
 reside. In 1821 Shelden E. Streeter, a native of New Hampshire, settled just east 
 of the borough. In 1823 he removed to Shippen township, and three years later 
 returned to Westfield. In 1821 Henry B. Trowbridge was living on the farm ad- 
 joining Mr. Streeter, but the date of his settlement cannot be ascertained. John 
 Howland, a pioneer of Deerfield township, moved into Westfield township about this 
 time and settled on Jemison creek. His nephew. Marvel Handy, came with him, 
 and, in 1825, cleared the farm now occupied by his son, Dyer Handy. In 1823 
 Hosea Saulsbury was living in the Jemison creek valley, as was also Joseph Swime- 
 ley, who cleared the farm now owned by John Swimeley. In 1825 David Kixford 
 settled near the mouth of Jemison creek, and in 1832 bought and removed to the 
 place first settled on by Eeuben Cook. Christopher Sayles, a native of Ehode Island, 
 and a blacksmith, came to Tioga county in 1825, and in 1828 removed to the Jemi- 
 son valley, buying and settling upon the farm previously owned by Hosea Saulsbury. 
 Here he farmed and worked at his trade. He died July 10, 1884, aged ninety-four 
 years. Halsey Aldrich, also a native of Ehode Island, and a stone mason, settled, 
 in 1829, just east of Stephen Potter, at Potter Brook. John Hoover settled in 1830 
 near the mouth of the Jemison. In 1833 Zacheus Mallory settled on the farm pre- 
 
Mi^X^^TTn.S. 
 
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP. 433 
 
 viously occupied by his brother-in-law, Jesse Lapham, now within the borough 
 limits. Melchier Labar settled in the southern part of the township ia 1840, on the 
 farm now owned by his son, James Labar. He died ia 1851, aged ninety-six years. 
 In 1835 Burgess Luce settled on the site of the yillage of Cowanesque, where his 
 son, Ira Luce, still resides. Nelson Burdie settled in the southeastern part of the 
 township in 1836. In this year, also, Thomas Pride, a native of Connecticut, settled 
 on Jemison creek. In 1838 Mrs. Susan (Prisby) Leonard, widow of Timothy 
 Leonard, removed from Smyrna, New York, with her three sons, James, Stephen A. 
 and George, and settled two miles west of Westfield borough. Stephen A. became 
 a Wesleyan minister. His sons still own the home place. In 1837 George Champlin 
 settled on a farm west of Abram Pease, still owned by his sons. In 1839 Ansel 
 Purple settled at the mouth of the brook bearing his name. Daniel Hunt, a native 
 of Lycoming county, came in 1840 and settled on what is known as the Barton 
 Hunt place, in the southern part of the township. In 1842 John Whitmarsh settled 
 on what is now known as the Cornelius Bush farm. Charles H. Metcalf, a native of 
 Susquehanna county, and a cooper, settled in 1843, east of Potter Brook. In 1844 
 Sylvanus S. Baker settled near the head of Broughton hollow, which takes its name 
 from Henry Broughton, who settled in 1845. Mrs. Margaret Little — ^who married 
 George Graham — and her sons settled, in 1847, on what is known as the Graham 
 place, on Potter brook. In 1849 Samuel Edgcomb located at Edgcombville, now 
 Cowanesque. In this year also Thomas Sprague settled on what is known as the 
 L. E. Garner farm. 
 
 The names thus far given are those of the more prominent settlers during the 
 first half of the present century. The dates given are believed to be approximately 
 correct, and have been obtained in nearly every instance from their living descend- 
 ants. These early settlers found the township a wilderness, and left it when they 
 closed their eyes upon the scenes of earth, cleared and cultivated, dotted with homes, 
 churches and school houses, and inhabited by an intelligent, industrious and thrifty 
 people, nearly all of whom were their children and grandchildren. 
 
 EAELY ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 Shortly after his coming, in 1810, Ayers Tuttle erected a small grist-mill on 
 the river near the eastern boundary of the borough, and later replaced it with a 
 better mill, run by water, located further down the stream. Tuttle also opened a 
 wayside inn, in his dwelling, which he kept for a number of years. It is said that at 
 times his temper was a little testy, and he was not disposed to put himself to any 
 extra trouble to accommodate his guests, but he was, nevertheless, taking his cir- 
 cumstances into consideration, a good landlord. .A story is told of two travelers who 
 arrived one night, who desired before retiring to bathe their feet, having walked 
 a long distance during the day. The landlord told them they would find a bucket 
 on the back porch, leaving them to search for it in the dark. A bucket was found, 
 partly filled, as they supposed, with water. When, however, one of them immersed 
 his foot in it he discovered it was maple syrup. Pearing Mr. Tuttle's wrath, if the 
 truth was told him, the traveler wiped the syrup from his foot, as best he could, 
 and with his companion retired to rest. It is presumed the syrup found its way to 
 
 28 
 
434 HISTOHY OF TIOGA COTTITTT. 
 
 the table without those who partook of it ever surmising the use previously made of 
 it. The first store in the township was also kept by Mr. Tuttle, who seems to have 
 been a man of considerable energy and enterprise. 
 
 The King saw-mill was built m 1845, by John Craig and Godfrey Bowman, near 
 the mouth of North Fork creek. It was afterwards operated by several different 
 persons, among whom were Dyer Weeks, Ira M. Edgeomb and others. The ma* 
 chinery was finally removed, leaving the frame-work standing. Several years ago the 
 King Brothers put in the machinery of a portable mill here, which they still operate. 
 They manufacture lumber, etc., principally for home trade. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The principal schools in the township are maintained in the villages of Cowan- 
 esque and Potter Brook. These schools, the outgrowth of early schools established 
 over half a century ago, are in charge of competent teachers and are well attended. 
 The first school in the Potter Brook neighborhood was established east of the village, 
 the old school house also being a meeting place for Methodists, Wesleyans and Bap- 
 tists, the meetings being held whenever a minister of either of those denominations 
 chanced in the neighborhood. A good building, recently enlarged, in the village 
 of Potter Brook, gives ample accommodation for all pupils in that school district. 
 The original school building in Cowanesque stood on a knoll Just west of the resi- 
 dence of Ira Luce. The present neat and commodious building stands on the south 
 side of the road, farther east. 
 
 Henry B. Trowbridge and Godfrey Bowinan, the first Justices of the peace of 
 Westfield township, were appointed January 8, 1823. Their Jurisdiction also in- 
 cluded Deerfield township. The office has since been held by the following named 
 persons: Jonathan Bonney, commissioned in 1823; Luke Scott, Jr., 1837; John 
 Goodspeed, 1828; Sheldon Tuttle, 1828; Isaac Metcalf, 1838; Allen Prazer, 1830; 
 Colton Knox, 1833; Archibald Campbell, 1833; Edward C. Young, 1834; John 
 Waklee, 1835; Eddy Howland, 1838; Jacob Everitt, 1840; Elijah Hancock, 1840; 
 William Ladd, 1845; Hiram Tubbs, 1845; re-elected, 1852; Francis Strang, 1846; 
 Chauncey E. Skinner, 1847; John Goodspeed, 1850; Zacheus Mallory, 1855; re- 
 elected, 1860; Charlton Phillips, 1857; re-elected, 1862, 1867; George Close, 1865; 
 I. C. Thompson, 1868; re-elected, 1873; Henry Warren, 1869; John Swimelar; 
 1873; William Finker, 1876; re-elected, 1882;"^ T. E. Leonard, 1877; re-elected, 
 1882; James H. Metcalf, 1885; re-elected, 1890; H. G. Seely, 1890; re-elected, 
 1895; William Brock, 1895. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEBIES. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Cowanesque, incorporated June 34, 
 1889, dates the beginning of its history to the early fifties, when meetings were held 
 in the old school house and a class organized, by Eev. Alfred G. Terry. Services were 
 regularly held and the class maintained its organization until 1890, when a church 
 was organized and a house of worship erected, costing $1,200. It is a neat, frame 
 edifice and was built by Hugh D. King. The first members of the church were: 
 Hiram McCoy and wife, Mrs. John Champlin, Mrs. Sarah J. Skinner, Erastus and 
 Amanda Cooper and their daughter, Marcelia L. Cooper, Erastus Hoose and wife, 
 
WESTFIBLD TOWNSHIP, 435 
 
 Mrs. James Davis, and Asa Bancroft and wife. Among the ministers who have 
 preached here since the organization of the class have been: Eevs. Samuel Nichols, 
 William Jones, Thompson Jolly, Alva Davison, A. D. Edgar, Elisha Sweet, Cornelius 
 Dillenbeck, Charles Weeks, 0. B. Weaver, J. H. Blades, Isaac Everitt, G. S. Transue, 
 J. J. Turtin, Philo E. Brown, Albert A. Ensign, WoodrufE Post, Elisha Hudson, 
 D. A. Pareells, W. I. Janes and W. 0. Peet. This church has been for a number of 
 years in the Westfield charge. It now numbers sixty-four members with about forty 
 pupUs ia the Sunday-school, of which Willis Calkins is the superintendent. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodists used to meet in the old school house, east of Potter 
 Brook, over thirty years ago. Rev. Stephen A. Leonard preached here and an organi- 
 zation was maintained for several years, but finally dwindled and passed out of ex- 
 istence. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Potter Broole was organized December 21, 
 1884, with the following membership: William Brock, Florence Brock, Nellie Brock, 
 Alpheus Converse, Margaret Converse, D. E. Perry, Carrie Mulford, Elmer Eaton, 
 S. J. Potter, Nancy Richardson, Mary Yerington, Olivia Proctor, Milan Ham, Prank 
 Root, Hattie Thompson, Florence Proctor and Phoebe Baker. Rev. J. C. Ferrell, 
 the first pastor, held services in the depot, December 31, 1884, and afterwards once 
 iu two weeks. He remained during 1884 and 1885. The succeeding pastors have 
 been: Revs. H. B. Mason, 1885-87; J. W. Bamett, 1887-90; W. I. Janes, 1893-93; 
 A. G. Cole, 1893-94; J. S. Brown, 1894-95; L. P. MulhoUen, 1895-96. Rev. Noah 
 SelUck preached and held class meeting through February, 1886. In April, 1890, 
 Rev. D. A. Pareells came from Westfield and held services every alternate Sunday 
 until 1893. Rev. L. F. MulhoUen is the first resident pastor. The society worships 
 in the Peoples' church building. The young people attend the Union Sunday-school, 
 of which C. D. Markham is superintendent. 
 
 The Potter Brook Branch of the Harrison Valley Baptist Church was organized 
 in 1883, and is under the charge of the Baptist church at Harrison Valley, Potter 
 county. It now numbers seventeen members. The following ministers of the 
 church at Harrison Valley have preached here: Revs. S. L. Bouvier, 1883 to 1890; 
 J. C. Smith, 1890 to 1893; J. MuUany, 1893 to 1893, and the present pastor, H. T. 
 Allen, who took charge in April, 1893. The church building, known as the 
 Peoples' Church of Potter Brook, was erected in 1890 and cost $1,300. It is occu- 
 pied jointly by the Baptist and Methodist societies. A Union Sunday-school is 
 maintained with C. D. Markham as superintendent. 
 
 The Peoples' Church of Potter Broole is a corporation, chartered July 7, 1890, 
 the incorporators being I. C. Thompson, P. B. Rexford, C. D. Markham, William 
 Brook, George R. Johnson, and G. N. Manning. This corporation was organized 
 for the purpose of building the house of worship now occupied jointly by the 
 Baptist and Methodist societies. The church was erected in 1890 and cost $1,300. 
 
 The Potter Cemetery Association of Potter Broole, incorporated September 1, 
 1884, own and control the old burying ground in the western part of the village, 
 embracing one acre and a half of ground. The trustees are John Little, James 
 H. Metcalf and W. C. Kendall. I. C. Thompson is the sexton. In this cemetery 
 lie buried the remains of Stephen Potter and other early settlers in the western 
 part of the township. 
 
436 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The Champlin Cemetery Association was incorporated in August, 1887, the 
 ineorporators being S. M. Strawn, John Champlin, Erastus Hoose, E. M. Tucker 
 and G. H. Tremain. The cemetery owned by this association is located on the old 
 George Champlin place, east of California brook. This was an old neighborhood 
 burying ground and was used for many years before the association was incor- 
 porated. \ 
 
 TILLAGES. 
 
 Cowanesque, formerly known as Edgcombville, is the name of a Tillage, 
 situated on the Cowanesque river, two miles east of Westfield borough. The first 
 settler upon the village site was Henry B. Trowbridge, who located in 1831. 
 This land afterwai-ds became the property of Emmer Bowen, In 1835, when Bur- 
 gess Luce purchased a portion of this land, there were living east of him in the 
 township, Thomas Pride, Thomas Warner and Jacob Price. Those living west, 
 between him and Westfield, were Leonard Daniels, Oliver Pease, Thomas Doty, 
 George Champlin, Ayers Tuttle and Shelden Tuttle. Otis D. Bowen, a son of 
 Emmer Bowen, also resided here at this time. Ira Luce, a son of Burgess Luce, 
 is the oldest living resident of the village. In 1858 Ira M. Edgcomb located on 
 the village site, and in 1865 erected the first store building and opened the first store 
 in the place. This building burned and he replaced it with the store building now 
 occupied by E. Sherman. Mr. Edgcomb was also the first postmaster. His suc- 
 cessors have been William N. Hurlbut, D. W. Eeynolds, William Haskell, Burr Bob- 
 bins, I. K. Skinner, E. B. Phillips, S. K. Eumsey, A. M. Thompson, Albert Matteson, 
 and C. H. Martin, who was appointed November 3, 1893. A. H. Bostwick has charge 
 of the ofiice as Mr. Martin's deputy. The Cowanesque Hotel, first known as the 
 Edgcomb House, was built by Thomas Pride. The first landlord was Ira M. 
 Edgcomb. His successors have been Orson Edgcomb, William Edgcomb, and the 
 present landlord, S. B. Lovelace, who purchased the property in 1883. 
 
 The principal manufacturing enterprise in the village is the planing mill, 
 sash and door factory, owned and operated since January, 1888, by E. Sherman. 
 This was established in 1870 by Ira M. Edgcomb, E. Skinner and William N. 
 Hurlbut, and operated by them for a number of years under the name of E. Skianer 
 & Company. It employs a number of hands the year round and does a large 
 business. A foundry and machine shop, giving employment to six men, was es- 
 tablished in 1887 by John Eieppel. It is equipped with improved machinery and 
 does a large repairing business. In 1889 Bennett H. Parkhurst erected a creamery 
 just east of the village. In the fall of 1890 it was changed to a cheese factory, and 
 is now operated by 0. H. Snyder, of N'orth Fork, Potter county. At the present 
 time there are three merchants in the place, E. Sherman, who occupies the old Ira 
 M. Edgcomb store; G. W. King, who occupies a building erected by Thomas 
 Pride, and in which he sold goods for a number of years, and A. H. Bostwick, who 
 carries on a grocery store and attends to the duties of the postofSce. The railroad 
 station is in charge of N. H. Seely, who acts as agent for the Fall Brook and the 
 Addison and Pennsylvania Eailroad Companies. 
 
 Potter Brooh, near the western township line, at the mouth of the stream of 
 the same name, occupies the land settled upon about 1818 by Stephen Potter, a 
 
WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP. aq>j 
 
 a 
 
 native of Ehode Island. In order to reach his location he was compelled to cut « 
 road up the river valley from Westfield, a distance of over three miles. The county 
 line hes just west of the village, and Mr. Potter, thinking his land lay in Potter 
 county, went, so it is related, to Harrison Valley to vote, until he became better 
 informed. He was a stone mason by trade and laid every stone in the front wall 
 of the court house at Wellsboro. In 1829 Halsey Aldrich settled east of Mr. 
 Potter on land now forming a part of the village site. In 1866, when I. C. 
 Thompson, a son-in-law of Mr. Potter and son of Isaac Thompson, a pioneer 
 settler of Harrison township. Potter county, moved on to the present village site, 
 there were living in the neighborhood, Halsey Aldrich, George W. Potter, Stephen 
 Potter, Jr., Joseph "Wood, Jonathan Potter, Eev. Stephen A. Leonard, James and 
 George Leonard and Jonathan Seamans. The Leonard and Seamans families lived 
 on what was the site of "Beautiful Camp," below Halsey Aldrich. At an early day 
 this camp was occupied by three Indians named Pete, Nichols and Blue Eye. The 
 latter derived his name from the fact that one of his eyes was black and the other 
 a deep blue. 
 
 No effort to establish a village appears to have been made until 1874, when 
 I. C. Thompson opened the first store in the place. At present there are four 
 merchants, W. C. Kendall, who began business in 1883; C. D. Markham, in 1884; 
 "Willis "White, in 1893, and J. L. Havens in 1894. A postofBce was established 
 October 1, 1874, and Horatio Aldrich appointed postmaster. I. C. Thompson, 
 his successor, held the office from 1876 to January 1, 1886. "W. H. McGovem, 
 his successor, surrendered it in 1888 to "W. C. Kendall, who was succeeded April 
 14, 1889, by C. D. Markham, who held it until June, 1894, when Mr. Kendall was 
 again appointed. 
 
 The completion of the railroad in the early part of 1883 gave the little village 
 a period of growth, and made it a trading point of some importance. It now has 
 a population of about 300. The only hotel in the place, known now as the 
 KendaU House, was built by Adelbert Hawley, at a cost of $8,000. The property 
 is still owned by Mr. Hawley. George "W. Potter, the only surviving son of Stephen 
 Potter, the pioneer, operates a planing mill, a shingle mill, a feed mill and a carding 
 machine, all under one roof. These enterprises he established in 1883. New 
 Hall Council, No. 846, Jr. 0. TT. A. M., organized July 34, 1894, is located here, 
 and embraces over thirty members. 
 
 Phillips Station is a railroad station and postoffiee in the eastern part of the 
 township, at the mouth of Jemison creek. E. B. Phillips has been the postmaster 
 since the office was established in 1883, and has also carried on a general store. 
 
CHAPTEE XXXIIL 
 
 WESTFIELD BOEOUGH. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— Population and Taxable Property— Early Set- 
 tlers-Borough Organization and Officials- Postmasters— Physicians 
 AND Lawyers— Business and Manufacturing Enterprises— Incorporated 
 Companies— Hotels— Newspapers— Bailroads— Churches and Cemeteries- 
 Societies. 
 
 WESTFIELD borough is situated on the Co-wanesque river, midway between 
 the eastern and western boundary lines of Westfield township, from which it 
 was taken in February, 1867. The area embraced within its boundaries contains 
 670 acres and it is one of the best locations for a town in the county. The site is 
 not only one of the most beautiful and picturesque in the Cowanesque valley, but 
 has advantages which have already made the borough an important business 
 center. To the north lies the rich and prosperous township of Brookfield, easily 
 accessible through the valleys of the North Fork, California brook, Purple brook 
 and other small streams. To the south and east lie the equally prosperous town- 
 ships of Westfield, Clymer and Chatham, from all of which it draws a large trade, 
 in addition to what it commands for miles up and down the Cowanesque river 
 valley, whose lands, noted for their fertility, respond each year with generous crops 
 as a reward for well-directed and intelligent cultivation. The valley of the Cow- 
 anesque river is traversed by the Fall Brook railway, and that of Mill creek, 
 which iiows from the south and unites its waters with the Cowanesque river, near the 
 eastern borough limits — by the Addison and Pennsylvania railway. These two 
 lines of railroad, both built in 1882, give the borough direct communication with 
 the great trunk lines of New York state, and with the great market centers of 
 the coast. Since their building Westfield has grown rapidly, having more than 
 doubled its population. At present it is the largest of the six boroughs in the 
 Cowanesque valley. In 1870 it had 370 inhabitants; in 1880, 579, and in 1890, 
 1,128. 
 
 EAELT SETTLERS. 
 
 The first white settler within the borough limits was Eeuben Cook, Sr., one of the 
 first settlers in the Cowanesque valley. The exact year of his coming cannot be 
 ascertained, but it was previous to 1809, in which year Ayers Tuttle settled in the 
 township just east of the borough. Cook built a log cabin, the first one within 
 the borough limits, on the south bank of the Cowanesque river, where the River 
 street bridge, leading to the Tremain grist mill site, crosses that stream. At that time 
 he was about sixty years of age, given to hunting, and, as a rule, remained but a 
 year or two in a place. In 1816 Jesse Lapham, who, as early as 1810, had settled 
 at the mouth of Jemison creek, bought 200 acres of land in the western part 
 
WESTFIBLD BOKOTJGH. AOQ 
 
 of the borough, which he cleared and improved. Mr. Lapham was a native of 
 Khode Island and a Quaker. He was also the first carpenter aad first practical 
 surveyor m this section. Jonathan Seamans, also a native of Ehode Island, set- 
 tled, m 1817, within the borough limits, and later in life moved farther up the 
 river into the township, settling on the farm still owned and occupied by his sons. 
 Ezra Bowen, a Quaker, came from Ehode Island in the same party with Mr. Seamans, 
 and bought a part of the Jesse Lapham tract. Martin Bowen also came with the 
 same party and settled at the same time. Jonathan Pierce came in 1817, from 
 Chenango county, JSTew York, and settled west of Lapham, on what is now known 
 as the Augustus Streeter farm. About this time, Jacob Price, a native of New 
 Jersey, and a Quaker, settled in the edge of the borough, near the Tremain mill-site, 
 on what is known as the "Dick" Phillips place. In 1819 Abram Pease, a native 
 of Connecticut, came from Steuben county, New York, and settled on sixty acres 
 which he purchased from Ezra Bowen, and which afterwards formed a part of the 
 Eichard Krusen farm. A few years later he exchanged farms with his brother 
 Oliver, who had settled in the township below the borough. James King, native 
 of Ehode Island, and a descendant of the "Pilgrim Fathers," came in 1821 and 
 settled on the Eichard Krusen farm. In 1831 Shelden Streeter, a native of New 
 Hampshire, settled in the township. Two years later he removed to Shippen 
 township, and, in 1836, returned and settled within the borough. In 1835 David 
 Eixford settled near the mouth of Jemison creek, and, in 1833, removed to the 
 place first settled by Eeuben Cook. Zacheus Mallory came in 1833 and settled 
 on the farm previously occupied by his brother-in-law, Jesse Lapham. 
 
 Luke Scott and James C. Turner came between 1830 and 1835 and opened 
 the first store in the place. Turner was also the first hotel keeper. In 1834 B. 
 Schuyler Lewis, who had previously resided in Brookfield township, came to West- 
 field. After remaining a year or two, he removed to Lawrenceville, where he kept 
 a boarding house on the Coming and Blossburg railroad, then being constructed. 
 About 1838-39 he returned to Westfield and soon afterward engaged in the grocery 
 business. He was the second postmaster. About 1835 Samuel Baker located 
 here and soon afterward bought the greater part of the land now forming the 
 business portion of the borough. Eichard Phillips came about 1836 and settled on 
 the place first occupied by Jacob Price. In 1837 he built a saw-mill near the 
 late Tremain mill. Hollister Baker, a native of Eochester, New York, and a 
 millwright, came in 1839 and in 1840 built a water power grist-mill for Eichard 
 Phillips on the site of the burned Tremain mill. About 1840 Francis Strang 
 came and opened a general store. He was soon followed by George Close and by 
 Hale & Hall. In 1840, also, Aaron L. S. Leach, a native of Niagara county. New 
 York, came and for several years worked at his trade as a shoemaker. David Close 
 came in 1840, also, and for seven years kept the Eed Lion Hotel. In 1844 Eichard 
 Krusen, a native of Tompkins county. New York, entered the employ of Hale & 
 Hall as a clerk. In 1846 he bought them out and afterwards became a leading 
 merchant of the place, continuing in business for thirty-seven years. In 1845 
 Peter B. Bush removed from Knoxville, and during the next five years kept the 
 Eed Lion and Boardman Hotels. The latter was built by Eansom Boardman, who 
 came in the early forties. In 1845 Daniel McNaughton, M. D., a native of Steuben 
 
440 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 county, New York, located here and began the practice of his profession, continuing 
 until his death in 1883. Williani Simmons, a native of Benton, Yates county. 
 New York, came in 1845. He soon after entered the store of Eiehaxd Erusen 
 as a clerk, and later embarked in business for himself. In 1846 John Montanye 
 removed from Clymer township and built and operated what is now known as the 
 Eberle tannery. Others, the date of whose coming cannot be ascertained, had 
 also located in the village previous to the last mentioned year, some remaining but a 
 short time, while a few became permanent residents. The names given, however, 
 embrace nearly all of those identified with the early settlement and growth of the 
 place, which at that time was but a small and struggliag village. 
 
 BOBOUGH OEGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The borough of Westfield was organized in February, 1867, the first meeting 
 of council being held on the 16th of that month. At this meeting B. B. Strang, 
 burgess, and Eichard Krusen, James Hasten, M. D., Simon Wilcox, S. B. Lewis and 
 Thomas C. Sanders, councilmen, were sworn in. Thomas C. Sanders was elected 
 secretary; Nelson Gardner, treasurer, and B. Lewis, street commissioner. The 
 following named persons have been elected to the ofi&ce of burgess since 1867: 
 
 Ambrose Close, 1868-69; HoUister Baker, 1870; S. B. Lewis, 1871-73; J. W. 
 Hancock, 1873; Lovel Plank, 1874; J. "W. Hancock, 1875; T. C. Sanders, 1876; 
 B. B. Strang, 1877; E. E. Thompson, 1878; S. W. Shirley, 1879; Charles Bliss, 
 1880; Elijah Thompson, 1881; Albert Wetherbee, 1883; Eichard Krusen, 1883; 
 Hiram Hunter, 1884-87; Ambrose Close, 1888; Hiram Hunter, 1889; W. F. 
 Everitt, 1890-91; C. M. Allen, 1893; M. D. Lawrence, 1893; Lovel Planlc, 1894-96, 
 and John E. Dengle, elected in 1897. 
 
 The office of justice of the peace has been filled by the following named 
 persons since the organization of the borough: Francis Strang, 1867; J. 0. Thomp- 
 son, 1873; Frank Buck, 1873; T. C. Sanders, 1874; Dr. Daniel McNaughton, 1877; 
 Niles White, 1878; re-elected in 1879; Orrin 0. Tremain, 1879; W. H. Parsons, 
 1880; re-elected, 1885, 1890 and 1895; M. L. Foster, 1883; Frank Strang, 1886; 
 re-elected, 1890; John T. McNeil, 1895. 
 
 POSTMASTEES. 
 
 The Westfield postoffice was established in the early twenties, the first post- 
 master being Henry B. Trowbridge, then living in the township, about a mile east of 
 the borough. He held the office nearly twenty years, and was succeeded by B. 
 Schuyler Lewis, a resident of the borough. Then followed Adriel King, Dr. 
 Boardman and Thomas Leach. George Close acted as deputy for Leach, and 
 seems to have had charge of the office, so much so, that many still speak of him as 
 the postmaster. Leach was succeeded, in 1861, by Daniel McNaughton, M. D., 
 who held the office until 1873, when he resigned to serve as an associate judge of 
 the coimty, and was succeeded by his son, Niles W. McNaughton, who had been 
 his assistant.' In the fall of 1885 Mr. McNaughton was succeeded by James 
 Masten, M. D., who held the office until July, 1889, when William N. Hurlbut was 
 appointed. Mr. Hurlbut's successor, Francis Strang, was appointed December 38, 
 1895. In the earlier years of the borough's existence, the mail was carried on 
 
WESTFIELD BOHOTIGH. 441 
 
 horseback to and from Williamsport, through the wilderness. Now the Westfield 
 ofSee is one of the best paying and best patronized in the county. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS. 
 
 The first physician to practice in Westfield was Dr^ Barton Streeter, who was 
 here about 1830. He and his immediate successors were required to practice over 
 a large area, including "Westfield, Brookfield, Clymer, Chatham and Deerfleld town- 
 ships, and even portions of Potter county. Visits were made on horseback, and 
 long rides over lonely roads, night and day, in summer and winter, were a common 
 experience. Among the doctors who have resided in the borough and practiced 
 their profession were William B. Eitchie, Dr. Townsend, Dr. Benedict, Dr. Ide, 
 Bbenezer Pratt, Elihu Y. Brown, Philetus J. Boaxdman, Daniel McNaughton, 
 who came in 1845 and practiced until his death in 1883; A. Prazer, Stephen 
 Begell, who removed to Brookfield township; James Hasten, who came in 1860, is 
 still in practice, and is the oldest physician in the borough; P. H. S. Eitter, Dr. In- 
 gram, and Dr. Hazlett. Besides Dr. Hasten, the profession is at present represented 
 by Dr. A. L. Bottum, who began practice here ia 1875; Dr. A. T. Kunkel, who 
 came in 1883, and Dr. P. G. Hasten, a son of Dr. James Hasten, who began practice 
 in 1891. The dental profession is represented by Dr. H. J. Stocking. 
 
 The first lawyer to locate in Westfield was Augustus Streeter, a native of Pur- 
 mantown, Shippen township, who was admitted to practice in December, 1854. He 
 continued in practice until his death, in 1883, a period of over twenty-seven years. 
 Butler B. Strang, who, as did also Hr. Streeter, studied law in the office of A. J. 
 Honroe, at KnoxviUe, was admitted in 1853, and located in Westfield soon after his 
 fellow student. In 1856 Hr. Strang was elected district attorney. In 1860 he was 
 elected to the legislature and served four terms, and was speaker of the House m 1870, 
 in the fall of which year he was elected State Senator, and served two terms. In 
 both bodies he was a prominent and influential member, and was chairman of a num- 
 ber of important committees. T. C. Sanders and C. H. Adams, al^o P^^^ticed m 
 Westfield for a number of years. The bar is now represented by Clark W. Beach 
 who was admitted to practice in 1865, and who has for several years past been ocated 
 in Westfield, coming here from Knoxville; D. W. Baldwin, a rising young lawyer, 
 and John T. HcMel, who fills the office of justice of the peace and also practices law. 
 
 BUSINESS AND MANUFACTTTEING ENTBHPBISES. 
 
 Scott & Turner, the firm being composed of Luke Scott and James C. Turner, 
 were the pioneer merchants of Westfield. They began business in a frame building 
 which they erected on the site of the present William Simmons store about 1835. 
 They were followed by Prancis Strang, who came about 1840, George Close and Hale 
 & Hall. Eichard Krusen came in 1844 and entered the employ of the latter firm 
 as a clerk. In 1846 he bought them out, and at once became a leading spirit in the 
 mercantile life of the place. Others quickly followed these pioneer merchants, each 
 year witnessing the establishment of some new business enterprises to meec the 
 demands of increasing population and growing trade. 
 
 The Phillips Mills were built by Eichard Phillips, who came into the borough 
 in 1837, in which year he built a water power saw-mill north of the Cowanesque river, 
 
442 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 taJiing the water to run it from that stream. In 1840 Hollister Baker, a millwright, 
 erected for Mr. Phillips a three-run, buhr mill, costing $5,000, on the site of the 
 recent Tremain mill. The machinery of this mill was run by a twenty-foot, back- 
 shot water wheel. In 1844 the race was extended, the water being taken from the 
 river as at present, south of Main street, opposite the Eichard Krusen place. This 
 mill burned October 3, 1869, and on its site was erected the Westfield flouring mill, 
 which was completed in October, 1870. It was run both by water and steam power, 
 the mill proper costing $6,000, and the steam power $3,500. From 1888 until the 
 fall of 1896, when it was destroyed by fire, it was owned and operated by 0. A. Tre- 
 main. It had a capacity of 350 bushels a day. 
 
 Hollister Baker's Foundry, the first in the borough, was established in 1840, by 
 Hollister Baker, on the site of the present Phillips foundry. This he operated until 
 1863, when it was burned. In 1865 Mr. Baker and his brother built on the same 
 ground a shop for the manufacture of carriages, wagons, etc. This was burned in 
 1870. During this time also Mr. Baker's son, Albert Baker, was connected with him 
 in business. Another shop was erected by them and operated for a short time. 
 
 The Elerle Tannery was established on Mill creek, in the southern part of the 
 borough, in 1846, by John Montanye. In 1874 it was purchased by Prank Eberle, 
 and is now operated by his son, Joseph Eberle. It is devoted to the taiming of upper 
 leather, and is a successful and prosperous enterprise. 
 
 Rood's Carriage and Wagon Shop was established in 1850 by Morris DeMaurier, 
 who operated it until 1863, since which time it has been owned and operated by 
 Theodore Eood, who has acquired a reputation not only as a skillful workman but 
 as an inventor. He has recently invented an automatic wagon brake that has 
 already attracted the notice of manufacturers throughout the country. 
 
 Kelts & Gilbert's Tannery was established about 1853 by J. Kelts and W. W. 
 Gilbert, who also were shoe merchants. About 1862 the partnership was dissolved 
 and Mr. Kelts carried on the tannery alone for a number of years. 
 
 The Oowanesque Tannery, the leading manufacturing industry in the borough, 
 was established in 1875, by H. H. Crary, "William H. Garritt, James Horton and E. 
 G. Davidge, under the name and style of Crary, Garritt, Horton & Company. A large 
 tannery, with bark sheds, etc., was erected in the eastern part of the borough, on land 
 purchased of John L. "Wilbur. Mr. Garritt died in November, 1876, and soon after- 
 ward his interest was purchased by Walter Horton. The firm name was changed to 
 H. H. Crary & Company, and so continued until May 1, 1893, when the tannery became 
 the property of the Union Tanning Company, which is a member of the United 
 States Leather Company. E. G. Davidge filled the position of superintendent until 
 November 5, 1895, when he resigned. P. S. Martin is now the acting superintendent. 
 Henry Eick fills the position of foreman. This tannery gives constant employment 
 to about seventy men, and has an average output of 400 sides of sole leather per day, 
 in the tanning of which there is used annually between 7,000 and 8,000 tons of hem- 
 lock bark. 
 
 Albert Baker's Foundry and Machine Shop is owned and operated by Albert 
 Baker. In 1880 he built the machine shop a short distance east of the old Holhster 
 Baker foundry site, and in 1887 erected a foundry building. These enterprises he 
 
WESTFIELD BOEOXJGH. 
 
 443 
 
 has Since carried on successfully, giving constant employment to a number of skilled 
 workmen. 
 
 The Westfield Co-operative Association operate a foundry and machine shop on 
 the site of the old HoUister Baker foundry. The property was purchased in 1883 
 by J. Phillips, and is also known as the Phillips foundry. 
 
 The Westfield Planing Mill was established in 1883, north of the Fall Brook 
 raUroad, near the depot, by W. N. Hurlbut, E. Krusen, L. Plank and H. Plank, under 
 the firm name of E. Krusen & Company. They were succeeded by the Westfield 
 Manufacturing Company, who caoried on the enterprise until 1889, when they 
 were succeeded by L. Plank, William Mead and C. E. Krusen. 
 
 The Farmers' and Traders' Banh was established in 1885 by E. M. Tucker as 
 a private banking institution. This bank has a capital of $35,000, is ably managed 
 and has the confidence of the general public. The officers are E. M. Tucker, presi- 
 dent, and E. J. Seely, cashier. 
 
 The Westfield Steam Flouring Mill was built in 1886, near the Addison and 
 Pennsylvania railroad depot, by John B. Bush and John Eichaxdson. Mr. Bush 
 afterwards sold out his interest to J. Whitmarsh. This enterprise proved a valuable 
 and important one, greatly enlarging the country trade of the borough. Its destruc- 
 tion by fire in 1891 inflicted a severe loss upon its owners. It has not been rebuilt. 
 
 The Westfield Marble WorTcs were established by Johnson & Van Dusen in 1887. 
 In 1890 the firm became Van Dusen Brothers, who do a large business in Tioga and 
 Potter counties, Pennsylvania, and in southern New York. 
 
 The Pride Opera House, on the north side of Main street, was erected in 1896. 
 It is a handsome brick edifice, the lower story of which is used for business purposes, 
 and is occupied by the grocery house of John E. Dengle, who is also the manager of 
 the opera house, which is fully equipped with opera chairs, stage scenery and other 
 amusement accessories. 
 
 INCOKPOKATED COMPANIES. 
 
 The Westfield Oil and Mining Company was incorporated August 4, 1865, with 
 a capital stock of $500,000, divided in 10,000 shares of $50 each, $10,000 of which 
 was paid in. The company was organized for the purpose of boring for petroleum 
 oil. Leases on about 1,000 acres of land belonging to different parties were secured 
 and a well drilled on the Phillips farm. Oil and gas in large quantities were found. 
 The incorporators of the company were Lucius C. Beebe, president; Charles E. 
 Combs, treasurer; John F. Kingsbury, secretary, and A. L. Bennett and A. B. 
 Walden. 
 
 Cowanesque Valley Agricultural Society was organized August 14, 1886, and 
 incorporated August 31, 1887, with a capital of $5,000, for the purpose of holding 
 agricultural and horticultural fairs in Westfield township, and for the improvement 
 of agriculture and study of the kindred arts and sciences. There were twenty-four 
 charter members, embracing many of the prominent citizens of Westfield borough 
 and township. The first officers were L. K. King, president; E. M. Tucker and A. 
 J. Montanye, vice-presidents; J. F. Eugaber, corresponding secretary; S. Martin, Jr., 
 recording secretary; W. L. Converse, treasurer; P. V. Eolason, librarian; E. M. 
 Tucker, S. Martin, Jr., and W. L. Converse, trustees. The society owns thirty acres 
 
444 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COXTNTT. 
 
 of ground, with buildings, etc., valued at $13,000, situated at the mouth of North 
 Pork creek, in the township. Within the inclosure is an excellent half-mile race 
 track. The fairs which are held here annually draw large crowds and have been 
 very successful. 
 
 Westfield Water Company was incorporated September 2, 1890, with a capital 
 of $25,000, for the purpose of supplying the borough with water. The incorporators 
 were "W. H. Vermilyea, Hiram Hunter, W. N. Hurlbut, G. H. Tremain and N. W. 
 McISTaughton. Since the organization of this company the borough has put in its 
 own water works system. 
 
 Union Tanning Company was incorporated April 17, 1893, with a capital stock 
 of $50,000. The incorporators and directors were 0. B. Grant, S. P. Davidge, A. 
 A. Clearwater, George C. Darling and Prank E. Bible. May 1, 1893, this corporation 
 became a member of the United States Leather Company, which controls a large 
 number of tanneries in Tioga, Potter and other counties, under the name of the 
 Union Tanning Company. 
 
 The United States Pipe Line Company, in 1893, erected a pumping station, 
 equipped with powerful Holly pumps, on the Fall Brook railroad, in the northern 
 part of the borough. Pour reservoir tanks of 5,000 gallons each were placed in 
 position on the hillside, the purpose being to make this place a pumping station 
 between Bradford and Athens, it being thought at the time that the distance was 
 too great to pump from the former to the latter place without the aid of an inter- 
 mediate station. It afterwards turned out that this could be done, and the pumps 
 here have never been called into use. The station is in charge of Prank H. Walker, 
 who looks after the section of the line between Oswayo and Elkland. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The Bed Lion Hotel, the pioneer hotel in the borough, was opened by James C. 
 Turner between 1835 and 1840. It had a number of landlords, among whom were 
 George Hunter, Peter B. Bush, David Close, Henry Brown, William Douglas and 
 Erastus G. Hill. 
 
 The Hill House was the successor of the Eed Lion Hotel and was erected by 
 Erastus G. HiU about 1850. Among those who succeeded him as landlord here were 
 A. L. S. Leach, M. G. Bowman and others. This hotel burned about twenty years 
 ago. 
 
 The Boardman House, erected west of the river bridge, by Eansom Boardman, 
 in the early forties, had a number of landlords, among whom were A. L. S. Leach, 
 Peter B. Bush and Samuel Scranton. This hotel has been used as a dwelling for 
 over twenty years. 
 
 The Westfield House was built by George Close before the Civil War. He ran 
 it for three or four years. It was then kept by C. Phillips for a number of years. He 
 was succeeded by S. B. Lovelace, who remained two years. It next became the prop- 
 erty of Mrs. James Strock. In 1878 J. W. Smith became manager of the house for 
 her, and before the close of the year rented the property. In 1883 he purchased it, 
 and iu 1890 rebuilt the hotel inside and out, making it one of the best hotel buildings 
 in the Cowanesque valley. 
 
 The American Hotel was erected in 1885 by Shirley Brothers, who ran it until 
 
WESTFIELD BOEOUGH. 445 
 
 1887, when Beach Brothers succeeded them. They were succeeded by Lucius 
 Inscho, who sold out in 1894 to Asa Hill and John Eohrback. Mr. Hill soon after- 
 wards bought out Mr. Eohrback's interest. He has since thoroughly repaired and 
 improved the building and it is now, in every respect, a first-class hotel. 
 
 NEWSPAPBBS. 
 
 The Westfield Index, established by James V. Leach and IT. W. McNaughton, 
 was the first newspaper in the Cowanesque valley. The editorial department was 
 under the personal charge of Mr. Leach. It was independent in politics. Mr. Mc- 
 Naughton soon sold out to Mr. Leach, who discontinued the publication of the paper 
 in July, 1874. In November, 1875, 0. S. Webster purchased the material and started 
 the Westfield Idea, as an organ of the Greenback party. Early m. 1878 the paper 
 was removed to Wellsboro. 
 
 In the latter part of 1878 E. M. Bixby, formerly of the Elkland Journal, began 
 the publication of the Westfield Free Press. In 1881 he sold out to J. E. Eugaber, 
 who conducted it until January 1, 1890, when J. Hart Miller and A. C. Kimball 
 purchased it. At the close of the year Mr. Kimball bought Mr. Miller's interest and 
 has since conducted the paper alone. In January, 1896, he changed it to an all home 
 print. It is independent in politics, being devoted to local news and the interests of 
 the northwestern part of the county. It is bright, readable, and ably conducted. 
 
 EAILBOADS. 
 
 In the year 1882 the Fall Brook Eailroad Company completed a liue of railroad 
 from Lawrenceville to Westfield, and to Harrison Valley, in Potter county. The first 
 station agent, J. C. Edwards, was succeeded in 1883, by E. S. Horton, who still fills 
 that position. The Addison and Pennsylvania railroad was also built in 1882 as 
 a narrow gauge road. In March, 1895, it was changed to standard gauge. At 
 Westfield it turns southwest and follows the Mill creek valley, passing through 
 Westfield, Clymer and Gaines townships into Potter county. The agent at Westfield 
 is G. H. Tremain, who has held that position since the opening of the station, which 
 is located in the eastern part of the borough. These two lines of railroad make 
 Westfield an important business and shipping center, and since their completion the 
 borough has more than doubled the number of its inhabitants. There has also been 
 a corresponding increase in the amount of business transacted. In the business 
 district the old frame buildings have given place to handsome brick blocks, and the 
 town wears a wide-awake, enterprising and progressive appearance. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEHIES. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Westfield, incorporated September 11, 1855, 
 was organized about 1830, under the ministration of Eevs. Marshall, St. John, David 
 Fellows and Samuel Conant. Meetings were first held in the old school house west 
 of the Main street bridge, near the mill race. Among the early pastors were Eev. 
 Theobald McElhaney and Eev. Samuel Mchols, the latter being appointed to this 
 charge in 1842. ISTo list of the names of the pastors serving between this year and 
 1854 has been obtainable. In 1854, however, Eev. William Armstrong took charge. 
 He was followed in 1857 by Eev. Thompson Jolly and Eev. A. Davison. Their 
 
446 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 successors have been Eevs. J. J. Turtin, appointed in 1858; James Duncan, 1859; 
 
 A. Sweet, 1860; William M. Haskell, 1861; Walter Stathen, 1862; Veranus 
 Brownell, 1863; C. L. P. Howe, 1865; Myron H. DePuy, 1866; C. Eowley, 1867; 
 0. B. Weaver, 1868; W. W. Hunt, 1871; Isaac Everitt, 1873; G. S. Transue, 1875; 
 0. N. Eoberts, 1878; H. Peck, 1879; J. Knapp, 1880; G. W. Howland, 1881; H. B. 
 Mason, 1883; J. W. Barnett, 1886; D. A. Parcells, 1887; W. I. Janes, 1892, and W. 
 0. Peet, the present pastor, in October, 1895. A church building was erected in 
 1854, during the pastorate of Mr. Armstrong. It was replaced in 1887 by the present 
 edifice, which cost $7,500. The pastor's residence was erected in 1869, during the 
 pastorate of Eev. 0. B. Weaver. It cost $2,500. 
 
 The First Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church of Westfield, incorporated Janu- 
 ary 14, 1875, was organized June 14, 1846, by Eev. S. Hall and G. A. Lambert, who 
 were the early pastors. Their successors have been Eevs. L. Salisbury and G. P. 
 Burdick, 1854; Amos Chapman, 1855; Francis Strang, 1869; P. S. Slanson; S. W. 
 Jennings, 1877; J. S. Pausey, 1882; S. W. Jennings, 1883; J. S. Fausey, 1886; 
 W. A. Scribner, 1895, and John Drake, who took charge in May, 1896. In 1870, 
 through the exertions of Eev. Prancis Strang and Eev. Stephen A. Leonard, a house 
 of worship, costing $1,000, was erected. The church now numbers 130 members, 
 with fifty pupils in the Sunday-school. 
 
 St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church is the outgrowth of meetings held during 
 1882, by Eev. Percy Clinton Webber, at that time rector of St. Andrew's church at 
 Tioga. The first meetings were held in the Methodist Episcopal church and after- 
 wards in a room over C. E. Krusen's store, rented for the purpose. Mr. Webber 
 made occasional visits. Eev. William Painter was the first resident minister, serving 
 also the churches at Gaines and Elkland. Eev. William Du Hammel and Eev. L. 
 
 B. Thomas, also paid the mission visits. August 1, 1895, Eev. W. N. E. Ashmead, 
 the present rector, took charge. Among the early members of this church were 
 Prank Yeager, Guy Clark, Joseph Eberle, Mrs. Mary H. Eberle, Mrs. Charles Bliss, 
 Cora A. Bliss, W. H. Vermilyea, M. P. Sherman and wife, Mr. and Mrs. D. B. Claus- 
 son. Miss Ann Ackley, Mrs. Edward Bulkley, Mr. and Mrs. William Clark, Mrs. A. 
 Christie, Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Dengle, Mrs. C. E. Krusen, Mrs. S. I. Krusen, Mr. and 
 Mrs. J. W. Smith and Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Everitt. Through the generosity of Mrs. 
 John H. Sherwood, of New York City, a sister of D. B. Clausson, who contributed 
 $5,000, the society was able in 1893 to begin the erection of a house of worship, 
 which was completed and opened for service November 8, 1895. This edifice, which 
 cost $7,500, is one of the handsomest church buildings in northern Pennsylvania. 
 It is built of bluish-gray stone, quarried on the hill north of the borough. The 
 blocks are small, laid irregularly, and the masonry is what is known as "rock-finish" 
 work. The interior is semi-Gothic and finished in natural wood. Handsome 
 stained glass memorial windows were contributed as follows: John H. Sherwood, 
 by the society; Kate A. Wakeley and Maud E. Wakeley, by the family; Lafayette 
 Hill, by his widow; Prank Eberle, Prank Eberle, Jr., and Pannie C. Eberle, by the 
 family; W. H. Vermilyea, by Mrs. W. H. Vermilyea, and Margarette A. Wells, by 
 the family. The building was erected under the supervision of W. P. Everitt, Albert 
 P. Yahn, J. W. Smith, G. H. Tremain and C. E. Krusen, building committee. The 
 
WESTFIELD BOEOUGH. 447 
 
 church, which numbers about forty members, has not yet been chartered. There are 
 twenty pupils in the Sunday-school, which is in charge of the rector. 
 
 The Universalist Church of Westfield was organized June 36, 1887. As early, 
 however, as 1851 ministers of this denomination visited Westfield. The first of 
 these was Eev. Wallace BuUard, who was followed by Eev. Mr. Darrow, Eev. Earl 
 Wesley, Eev. Mr. Fuller, Eev. Mr. Whitcomb, Eev. J. S. Palmer, Eev. W. H. Mc- 
 Laughlin and Eev. Emma E. Bailey. In June, 1887, through the efforts of Ambrose 
 Close, William Converse, Stephen Martin, Jr., and Eev. H. W. Hand, an organization 
 was effected. On September 39, of the same year, the comer-stone of a neat and 
 attractive house of worship was laid by Eev. George Adams, of Athens, Pennsyl- 
 vania. The building, which cost $3,500, was designed by G. B. Davis, and the con- 
 struction superintended by Ambrose Close and William Converse. It was dedicated 
 December 14, 1888. Among the early members of this church were William Con- 
 verse, Ambrose Close, S. Martin, G. B. Davis, A. C. Kimball, G. A. King, Mrs. G. 
 A. King, Cora Close, Mrs. A. Sayles, G. H. Tremain and J. G. Osbom. The first 
 officers and trustees were Ambrose Close, president; Mrs. E. E. Parshall, secretary, 
 and William Converse, Sundaj'-school superintendent. The pastors have been 
 Eevs. C. C. Eichardson, F. Temple Lathe, T. M. Alvord, G. W. Barnes and Marcia 
 D. Selman. The church now numbers fifty members. There are twenty-five pupils 
 in the Sunday-school, of which H. J. Stocking is the superintendent. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Westfield was organized August 5, 1891, and incor- 
 porated October 17, 1895. Th'e names of the original members are as follows: Mr. 
 and Mrs. C. M. Allen, Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Van Dusen, Mrs. S. M. Cottrell, Lena 
 Cottrell, Mrs. Amasa Ellis, Mrs. Harrison, Eev. A. W. and A. E. Mettler, Mrs. J. 
 Eichardson. The names of the pastors are as follows: Eevs. A. W. Mettler, 1891-93; 
 C. A. Wilson, 1894, and S. A. Field, the present pastor, who took charge in 1895. 
 The society holds its meetings in Tucker's hall, the use of which was given free for 
 five years. About a quarter of a century ago the Baptists had an organization in 
 Westfield, but removals, deaths, etc., depleted its membership. The present church, 
 though a new one, is the second organized in the borough. 
 
 The Krusen Cemetery, situated in the northern part of the borough, was estab- 
 lished in 1867 by Eiehard Krusen. It occupies a circular, mound-like knoll, less than 
 100 feet in diameter, which rises about eight feet above the level of the surrounding 
 land. Some are inclined to believe it an old Indian mound, but no attempt to explore 
 it has ever been made. This cemetery contains the graves of many early settlers. 
 The limited area caused it to be quickly filled, and burials there ceased several 
 years ago. 
 
 Mount Pleasant Cemetery Company was organized April 19, 1893, the officers 
 and incorporators being 0. A. Tremain, president; Albert Baker, secretary; Clar- 
 ence Hancock, treasurer; James Tubbs, superintendent, and J. W. Hancock, James 
 Champlin and John G. Bowman. The company owns forty acres of land northeast 
 of the borough which is devoted to burial purposes. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M., was organized December 28, 1870, by E.. 
 W., E. C. Simpson, D. D., G. M., with the following officers and members: T. C. 
 
448 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Sanders, W. M.; N. J. Knisen, S. W.; E. B. Bulkley, J. W.; A. D. Ashcraft, S. D.; 
 Nelson Doty, J. D.; E. H. Stebbins, S.; Isaac Plank, T.; John Davis, S. M. C; K. 
 B. Hill, J. M. C; E. P. Pish, P.; 0. B. Weaver, C; A. K. Sayles, T., and Sylvester 
 D. Phillips, Dr. James Hasten, Philetus E. Corbin, Charles Bliss and Levi Skinner. 
 The lodge now numbers over eighty members. 
 
 Westfield Chapter, No. 265, R. A. M., was organized December 19, 1883, with the 
 following of&cers and members: W. H. Vermilyea, H. P.; Gilbert H. Tremain, K.; 
 Elijah H. Thompson, S.; Lovel Plank, T.; James Masten, M. D., S.; John Champ- 
 lin, T., and W. H. Fuller, James F. Lewis, Mies W. McNaughton, George W. Fisk, 
 Justus E. Green and Adelbert E. Vermilyea. The ofRce of High Priest has been 
 filled as follows: William H. Vermilyea, Gilbert H. Tremain, Elijah H. Thompson, 
 Kiles W. McNaughton, Edson G. Davidge, Charles E. Krusen, George S. Trim, Wil- 
 liam B. Eiddell, Wentworth D. Vedder, M. D., and Lovel Plank. There are now 
 thirty-two members in this chapter. 
 
 Jemison Lodge, No. S32, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized November 30, 1883, the 
 charter being a re-issue of a charter granted October 16, 1848, to Cowanesque Lodge, 
 No. 333, of Knoxville. The original lodge flourished until 1867, when it was re- 
 moved to Mansiield. In 1873 another lodge known as Deerfleld Lodge, No. 800, was 
 organized in Knoxville. This maintained an organization until 1883, when it passed 
 out of existence and the records were transferred to Jemison Lodge, Westfield. The 
 first ofiicers and charter members of this lodge were as follows: L. H. King, N. G.; 
 A. P. King, V. G.; C. H. Martin, S.; A. B. Beers, A. S.; P. V. Eolason, T., and G. A. 
 King, J. S. Barto and S. L. Bouvier. The lodge now numbers sixty-four members, 
 several of whom are residents of Knoxville borough and Deerfield township. West- 
 field Encampment, No. 373, the members of which also belong to this lodge, was 
 organized August 33, 1887, and has now sixty-four members. 
 
 R. P. Babcock Post, No. 25S, G. A. R., was organized July 11, 1883. The first 
 ofBcers were A. A. Amsbry, C; C. C. Ackley, S. V. C; Seth Tremain, J. V. C; S. 
 P. Chase, C; A. K. Sayles, Q.; A. D. Ashcraft, S.; W. M. Kiser, 0. D.; M. D. Whip- 
 ple, 0. G.; M. D Foster, A.; D. Whitmarsh, S. M., and S. K. Eumsey, Q. S. This 
 post numbers among its members many of the soldiers of the late Civil War, resident 
 in Brookfield, Westfield and Clymer townships as well as in Westfield borough. It 
 is strong and prosperous. 
 
 R. P. Babcock W. R. C, No. 128, was organized February 6, 1889, with the 
 following officers and members: Lucy Kimball, P. ; Lizzie Sturdevant, S. V; Nettie 
 Kizer, J. V.; Nora Johnson, S.; Addie Manning, T., and Anveretta Close, Kate 
 Horton, Mariah Van Dusen, Sarah Jones, Emma Scott, Amelia Moore and Kate 
 McNeil. This corps at present numbers forty members. 
 
 There are also a number of other secret and beneficiary organizations in the 
 borough, some of which have a large membership. The Knights of Honor are repre- 
 sented by Westfield Lodge, No. 1306, which was organized September 16, 1878, and 
 chartered in January, 1885. Westfield Council, No. 3, Chosen Friends, was organ- 
 ized in 1881, with thirty members, but has not met for several years, though a few 
 members pay dues regularly. Westfield Local Branch, No. 1077, Order of the Iron 
 Hall, had a good membership before the suspension of the order. It has held no 
 meeting for two years. A lodge of the Sons of Temperance was organized as early 
 
C^:^^^^^^;e-^^<:^ 
 
BEOOKFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 449 
 
 as 1854, since which time there have been several lodges, both of the Sons of Tem- 
 perance and of the Good Templars. Westfield Lodge, No. 67, S. P. I., was organized 
 December 18, 1890. It now numbers fifteen members. Enlalia Grange, No. 1088, 
 P. of H., was organized August 18, 1893. It is in a flourishing condition and has 
 eighty members. Westfield Tent, Ko. 155, K. 0. T. M., was organized March 10, 
 1893, with forty members, since increased to sixty-five. Westfield Hive, No. 46, 
 L. 0. T. M., was organized March 13, 1894, and chartered July 31, 1894. It now 
 numbers thirty-four members. Fleetwood Tribe, Improved Order of Eed Men, was 
 organized December 2, 1896. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXIY. 
 
 BEOOKPIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Location and ^.rea— Physical Features— Streams— Forest 
 Growth— Population— Justices of the Peace— Early Settlers— Mills 
 AND Factories- Schools— Churches and Cemeteries- Villages. 
 
 BEOOKPIELD township, so named from the number of brooks 'that traverse 
 its surface, was organized in February, 1837, and was taken from Westfield 
 township. It is the northwestern township of the county, the New York state line 
 forming its northern and the Potter county line its western boundary. It is seven 
 miles from east to west, with an average width from north to south of four miles, 
 and contains twenty-eight square miles. Deerfield township lies east and Westfield 
 township south of it. Its northern, eastern and western boundary lines are straight, 
 and its southern boundary line irregular, due, so it is alleged, to the surveyor getting 
 his figures mixed. This irregular line, however, follows the general direction, from 
 southwest to northeast, of the Cowanesque river, which flows through the northern 
 part of Westfield township. The southern half of its surface is mountainous, the 
 tillable land being confined to narrow and deep valleys, traversed by brooks which 
 are fed by numerous springs. The mean elevation above the sea is 1,550 feet, the 
 range being from 1,300 feet, in the lower creek valleys, to 1,800 feet on the mountain 
 tops. The northern half of the township, though somewhat rugged and hilly, may 
 be better described as rolling. It embraces the upland area, and is nearly all- 
 summits, hillsides and valleys— tillable and under cultivation. 
 
 The North Fork creek enters the township from Potter county, midway of the 
 western boundary line, receives Brown run, which flows down from the village of 
 Brookfield— also known as Mink Hollow and Brookfield Hollow— and enters West- 
 
 29 
 
450 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 field township near the fair grounds. California brook rises about a mile and a half 
 southeast of Brookfield, and flows southeast into Westfield township north of West- 
 field borough. Purple brook rises north and east of the centre of the township, and 
 flows into Westfield township north of Cowanesque. North brook rises near the 
 New York state line, in the northwestern part of the township, flows in an easterly 
 direction for three miles and a half and unites with Troup's creek. This latter 
 stream is referred to in early deeds as "Troup's Town Branch." It was named for 
 Eobert Troup, attorney for David Cathcart (Lord Alloway), and Masterson lire, 
 owners of an extended landed estate in Steuben county. New York, where it has its 
 source. Its general direction is southeast and it flows through the northeastern part 
 of Brookfield township into Deerfield township and unites with the Cowanesque river 
 at Knoxville. At Austinburg it receives the waters of South brook, a small run 
 flowing from the southwest. Inscho run rises in the eastern part of the township 
 and flows southeast into Deerfield township. 
 
 When the township was first settled the greater portion of its area was covered 
 with a heavy growth of pine and hemlock. So long as the timber supply lasted, 
 lumbering was an important industry, but now that it is practically exhausted, the 
 people of the township rely for revenue and support upon the products of their 
 farms. Brookfield is, therefore, one of the distinctively agricultural townships of 
 the county. Its farms are well cultivated and its people prosperous. 
 
 There being no large towns or villages within the township its population shows 
 but little change from decade to decade. The eefisus of 1840 gave it 438 inhabitants; 
 1870, 885; 1880, 910, and 1890, 1,031. 
 
 The office of Justice of the peace has been filled by the following named persons: 
 Isaac Metealf, 1828; Allen Frazer, 1830; Colton Knox, 1832; Archibald Campbell, 
 1833; Edward C. Young, 1834; John Walker, Jr., 1835; Eddy Rowland, 1838; 
 Byram Hunt, 1838; re-elected in 1840; William Simmons, 1840; re-elected in 1845, 
 1850; Horace Seely, 1845; S. H. Murdock, 1850; re-elected, 1860; George W. Bacon, 
 1855; L. D. Seely, 1855; John Simmons, 1860; re-elected, 1865, 1870, 1875; John 
 G. Holmes, 1865; re-elected, 1870, 1875; C. H. Murdock, 1880; Malcolm L. Holmes, 
 1881; re-elected, 1882, 1887; S. P. Chase, 1886; re-elected, 1891, 1896; Frank 
 Clark, 1893, and E. E. Holmes, 1897. 
 
 EAELY SETTLERS. 
 
 The permanent settlement of the township began in 1809. At this time there 
 were two small camps of Indians of six or eight persons each within the township- 
 one near Mink Hollow, now the village of Brooldield, and the other on what wab 
 afterwards known as the J. S. Grantier place. These Indians were friendly to the 
 settlers and took frequent occasion to show their good will. One of them, known 
 as Indian Jim, often hunted with the whites and frequently supplied them with 
 lead for bullets. It is said he procured this metal in Potter county, but would never 
 disclose the location. 
 
 About the year named — that is, 1809 — Bedford George, Titus Ives, Elihu Hill 
 and Curtis Cady came into the township with their families. Bedford George settled 
 on Troup's creek, in the northeastern part of the township, a short distance east of 
 the E. P. Schoonover store in Austinburg. Titus Ives, who first came into the 
 
BROOKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 451 
 
 county in 1794 or 1795, and lived for a time in Tioga township, settled nearly a mile 
 further up the creek, on the place still owned by his descendants. The first frame 
 house in the township was built by him about 1839. Elihu Hill settled in the 
 northwestern part of the township — known in the early days as Hilltown — on the 
 Bacon place. Curtis Cady settled west of Hill on what was afterwards known aa 
 the Stryker place. Twin daughters — .the first white children bom in the township — 
 were added to his family here. John Joseph, the next settler, came from Blkland 
 and located on the John Dougherty faxm. In 1813 Samuel Baker and his sons, Ira 
 and Amos, settled on the old Baker homestead, south of Brookfield. John H. Brown, 
 a Eevolutionary soldier, came about the same time, and settled on the Brookfield 
 village site. Luman Seely, a native of Cornwall, Connecticut, settled, in 1814, on 
 the place afterwards occupied by his son, Luman D. Seely, now a resident of Knox- 
 ville. He built a log house with no chimney, the smoke finding an outlet through 
 a small hole in the roof, which was also utilized for smoking hams. In 1814, also, 
 Daniel Sehoonover settled on Troup's creek, on lands now owned by Jonas Kilbum. 
 Joseph Swimeley appears to have resided in the township about this time, his son 
 Christopher being bom here in 1814. He soon afterwards removed to Westfield 
 township. Stephen Lane, a son of Joseph and Susannah (Ives) Lane, was born in 
 Danville, New York, in 1813. His father died in 1814, and his mother, who was 
 a daughter of Titus Ives, a pioneer settler on Troup's creek, returned to Brookfield 
 township, where Stephen grew to manhood and settled on the farm now owned by 
 his son, "William G. Lane. 
 
 Asahel Nobles and his stepson, William Simmons, settled on the old Nobles 
 homestead in 1815. Young Simmons, who was bom in April, 1804, was married 
 in 1819, when fifteen years of age, to Mary A., a daughter of John H. Brown. This 
 was the first wedding in the township. His son, John Simmons, born March 9, 1830, 
 is the oldest living person bom in the township. Soon after his marriage William 
 Simmons moved on and cleared the farm now occupied by his son, Andrew J. Sim- 
 mons. In 1819 Godfrey Bowman, a native of Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, settled 
 near the north road and built a large frame house, long known as the Godfrey Bow- 
 man house. This building, which was never completed, was used as an inn until 
 about 1881, when it was torn down to make room for a new building. Simeon B. 
 Lewis, a native of Eenssalaer county. New York, settled in 1830 on the farm now 
 owned by George Eeitter and lived there until 1851, when he removed to Westfield. 
 Hibbard Bonney, a physician, settled in the township about 1830, practiced his pro- 
 fession for several years and removed to Iowa, where he died. John Coffin, a native 
 of New Hampshire, settled in the northwestern part of the township in 1833. Isaac 
 H. Metcalf settled on the Adam Loper farm in 1834. He was one of the first justices 
 of the peace and the first postmaster of the township. In 1836 Ambrose Parker 
 settled on the farm now owned by Charles Brown, and later cleared and lived on the 
 farm now owned by his son, I. P. Parker. Lovel Plank, a native of Pomfret, Con- 
 necticut, settled in 1831 on the old homestead, where his grandson, W. L. Plank, 
 now resides. 
 
 The foregoing names include those of the more prominent settlers between 
 1809 and 1831. They were the men who cleared the first farms in the localities in 
 which they settled, facing all the dangers and experiencing all the hardships and 
 
452 HISTOET OF TIOGA. COUNTY. 
 
 privations of pioneer life. With few exceptions, the old homesteads are owned and 
 occupied by their descendants, who rank among the most intelligent and pro- 
 gressive citizens of this prosperous township. 
 
 MILLS AND FACTOKIES. 
 
 At one time there were a number of water and steam saw-mills in difierent 
 parts of the township. Of those the only ones left are the Sehoonover mill, at 
 Austinburg, and the Gardner mill, on North Fork, near the Westfield township Hne. 
 This latter mill, first run by water power, was built about 1840, by Jonathan 
 Pierce, and sold by him a few years later to John Gardner, who operated it until 
 his death, in 1885, since which time it has been owned and operated by his son, 
 Milo Gardner. It is now run by steam and has a capacity of 10,000 feet of lumber 
 per day. A cheese factory, near the Clark school house, on Pulple brook, is operated 
 by 0. H. Snyder, who also operates factories at Brookfield and Sylvester. These 
 constitute the principal enterprises of the township, the people of which devote 
 their energies to agriculture. Considerable attention is paid to dairying, and the 
 cheese factories of the township are well supported by the farmers in their immediate 
 vicinity. The product of these, factories averages annually not far from 500,000 
 pounds. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the township was taught ^about 1817 by Asa Bushnell, in 
 Curtis Cady's house. Among his pupils were four of Curtis Cady's children, four 
 of John Joseph's, two of Mr. Eoberts', and William Simmons, then thirteen years 
 of age. The first school house was built about 1820, at the foot of Noble's hill, 
 about where the school house of District No. 2 now stands. Eev. Samuel Conant 
 was, the first teacher here. He was succeeded by Anna Van Camp and Luman 
 Seely. J. B. Murdock and J. B. Seely were also early teachers in the township. The 
 first select school was taught in 1846 by William B. Price. After the passage of 
 the public school law, in 1834, the township was divided into school districts, and 
 three new school houses built before 1840. Three more were completed before 
 1860. There are now ten public school districts in the township. Frame school 
 buildings have replaced the primitive log structures, and modern methods and 
 appliances make the work easier for teachers and pupils. 
 
 CHUKCHES AND CEMETBEIES. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Broolcfield, incorporated September 8, 
 1859, was organized about the year 1818, and grew out of meetings held by Kev. 
 Thomas Magee — the first minister to preach in the township — and Eev. Mr. Nash. 
 It was first known as the Methodist Episcopal church of Mink Hollow. The first 
 place of meeting was at John Joseph's dwelling house, and the first members were 
 Ira Baker, Amos Baker, Samuel Baker, John Joseph, William Joseph, Azel Nobles 
 and their wives, and Hannah Joseph, Deborah Joseph and Curtis Cady. The first 
 pastor was Eev. Thomas Magee, whose successor was Eev. Mr. Nash. In 1836 Kev. 
 Nathan Fellows took charge and during his pastorate conducted a very successful 
 series of meetings at Curtis Cady's house. Meetings were held from house to 
 house throughout the township, resulting in such an increase of members that 
 
BEOOKPIBLD TOWNSHIP. 453 
 
 who served as pastors of this church, as successors of those already named, previous 
 George as leader. The leader of the western society was Ira Baker. Among those 
 another class was organized in the eastern part of the township, with William 
 in 1852; William Armstrong, 1854; T. J. Bissell, 1857; James Duncan, 1858; 
 William M. Haskell, 1859; Joel H. Austin, 1861; Charles Bush, 1863; Cornelius 
 Dillenbeck, 1864; A. F. Countryman, 1866; C. G. Lowell, 1867; J. V. Lowell, 
 1869; George Blanchard, 1870; Charles Weeks, 1873; Isaac Eyeritt, 1873; G. S. 
 Transue, 1875; 0. N". Eoherts, 1878; Harris Peek, 1879; John Knapp, 1880; 
 Jasper Kellogg, 1881; H. B. Mason, 1883; J. C. Stevens, 1886; Charles E. Morrow, 
 1888; Frank H. Eowley, 1890 to 1895; J. S. Brown, 1896-97. This church now 
 numbers twenty-one members, with fifty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which 
 S. P. Chase has been the superintendent for nearly thirteen years. Eev. Justus B. 
 Seely, a local minister, often preached for this congregation, of which he was a life- 
 long member. He was a son of Luman Seely, the pioneer. 
 
 The Second Methodist Episcopal Church of BrooTcfield, incorporated August 36, 
 1863, was organized April 18, 1860, and was the outgrowth of a class formed in the 
 eastern part of the township previous to 1840. The church was organized by Eev. 
 William M. Haskell. The first board of trustees consisted of Luman D. Seely, 
 William E. Seely, Allen Potter, John George, John L. Miller and Eiehard Schoon- 
 over. Of these Luman D. Seely and Eiehard Schoonover are the only survivors. 
 The members of the first building committee were: William Jordan, George W. 
 Northrop, Zenas Pierce, James Eoff and Levi W. Grinolds. Soon after the organi- 
 zation the society decided to build. A lot in the village of Austinburg was pur- 
 chased of E. P. Eddy for $50, and the contract for the building let to John W. 
 Fitch for $1,090. It was dedicated January 39, 1863, by Eev. A. M. Fillmore, 
 presiding elder of the Homellsville district. The dedicatory sermon was preached 
 by Eev. William M. Haskell. The names of the pastors of this church are as follows: 
 Eevs. Charles Bush, Joel H. Austin, Cornelius Dillenbeck, I. A. Blanchard, A. F. 
 Countryman, C. G. Lowell, J. V. Lowell, Charles Weeks, J. Knapp, George S. 
 Spencer, John Irons, David White, C. M. Gardner, H. J. Owen and S. C. Famham, 
 who took charge in October, 1894. There are about fifty members in the church at 
 present, and about the same number of pupils in the Sunday-school, of which M. V. 
 Jordan is the Duperintendent. 
 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Broolcfield, incorporated December 15, 1861, 
 was organized June 23, 1840, at the house of Sheldon Atkins, by Eevs. Philip 
 White, Jesse Bennett and Isaac Hill. The church was the outgrowth of meetings 
 previously held by Eev. James Sherwood, of Cameron, New York, which resulted 
 ia a number of conversions. The original members were: Sheldon Atkins, Eiehard 
 Baird, John Owens, Daniel Andrus, Chester G. Seely, Ives Lane, Martha Atkins, 
 Susan Baird, Lucinda Owens and Clarissa Joseph. Meetings were held in dwell- 
 ings and at the old school house until 1860, when the present house of worship, at 
 Austinburg, was begun. It was completed in June, 1861, and is valued at $1,500. 
 The first pastor, Eev. Jesse Bennett, remained two years; the second, Eev. James 
 Sherwood, three years. The names, of their successors, in order of service, are as 
 
454 HISTOBY OF TIOGA- COUNTY. 
 
 follows: Eev. William Mack, 1850-51; Levi C. Warriner, 1853-56; Selden Butler, 
 1857-60; George Knapp, 1860-61; Selden Butler, 1863; D. W. Hunt, 1863; 
 Charles P. Pessenden, 1865; J. W. Brown, 1866; John Borden, 1867; L. Sargent, 
 1871; Hiram Bacon, 1877-83; 0. J. Moon, 1883-84; N. J. Shirey, 1886; A. J. 
 Wood, 1887; 0. C. Hill, 1889; N. J. Shirey, 1892; D. W. Hunt, 1893; E. F. Lyon, 
 1894-95. The present membership of the church is about forty, with an equal 
 number in the Sunday-school, which is in charge of Lazell George, superintendent. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Broohfield, incorporated September 7, 1859, was 
 organized May 35, 1848. Rev. William G. Eaymond, a noted revivalist, and the 
 first pastor, held the meetings preceding the organization. The original members 
 ..., were Benjamin Cuer and wife, George Hunt, Jackson Hunt, Laura L. Plank, Maria 
 Metcalf, Elisha Hackett, Matilda Mascho, L. Plank and D. B. Fisk. A church 
 edifice was built by ISTathan Besby in 1859, and the first meeting held in it in 
 June, 1860. This church stood at "the forks of the road," east of the Adam Loper 
 place. After prospering for a few years, the membership of this society dwindled, 
 until it was unable to sustain a regular pastor. Prom 1873 to 1883 no records 
 were kept. In the latter year those who had kept the organization alive, made an 
 effort to revive its growth. The old building, which had become dilapidated, was 
 sold and a new building erected two miles further south, near Sylvester postoffice. 
 This building, which is a neat frame edifice, was completed in the fall of 1883. 
 Since its erection, services have been held regularly. Rev. S. L. Bouvier, the first 
 pastor, had charge from 1883 to 1890. His successors have been: Revs. J. Mul- 
 lany, 1890-91; G. P. Watrous, 1891-93; A. W. Mettler, 1893, and S. A. Field, 
 who came in ISTovember, 1894. The church now numbers fourteen members. There 
 are fifty-six pupils in the Sunday-school, which has been maintained without in- 
 terruption from the beginning. R. L. Pride is the superintendent. 
 
 Cemeteries. — Brookfield Hollow Union Cemetery Association was organized in 
 1879, the trustees being Andrew J. Simmons, Charles Stanburrough, I. P. Parker, 
 John E. Cofiin and John G. Bowman. This cemetery, which contains about four 
 acres, is situated on the north side of the road, just east of Brookfield. It is the old 
 neighborhood burying ground, and contains the remains of many of the first set- 
 tlers. The Plank cemetery, just east of the residence of W. L. Plank, near 
 Sylvester, was at first a family burying ground. In 1854 it was deeded to 
 the heirs of Lovell Plank, by the old pioneer, and has since been used as a place 
 of interment by the immediate neighborhood. At Austinburg there are two ceme- 
 < teries. The old cemetery opposite the Free Will Baptist church is the resting place 
 of many of the pioneers, their children and their grandchildren. Interments were 
 made here as early as 1815. The new cemetery, situated southeast of the village, is 
 owned by the Woodlawn Cemetery Association, incorporated June 1, 1885. The 
 trustees are Rufus Cook, E. E. Shumway, Charles Fitch, M. V. Jordan, Goodsell 
 Everitt, E. E. Holmes and William Austin. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Broohfield — also known as Mink Hollow and Brookfield Hollow — is situated 
 in the northwestern part of the township, about half a mile south of the New York 
 state line and a mile east of the line of Potter county. Brown run, a branch of 
 
BKOOKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 455 
 
 the North Pork, flows from the north through the place, pursuing a slightly south- 
 west course. When the first settlers came into the township mink were found along 
 this run, hence the name Mink Hollow. The first settler on the site of the village 
 was John H. Brown, a Revolutionary soldier, who came about 1813. The village at 
 present contains a church, a school house, a store and postoffice, and a cheese factory, 
 around which are clustered a few farm homes. 
 
 The exact date of the establishment of the postoffice has not been ascertained. 
 Isaac H. Metcalf, who came into the township in 1834, and who was appointed soon 
 after coming, was the first postmaster, the office being at his house, a custom followed 
 by his successors until 1866, when it was permanently located at Brookfield. Dr. 
 Ethan B. Bacon was the second postmaster and held the office a number of years. 
 J. P. Sleeper was appointed about 1845, and was succeeded by Joseph W. Davis, 
 who was appointed by President Buchanan, and who held the ofB.ce up to the begin- 
 ning of the Civil War, when Andrew J. Simmons was appointed. He served until 
 1883, and was succeeded by Charles Stanburrough, who held until 1885, when 
 C. C. Kizer was appointed. In May, 1888, R. R. Ramsey secured the of&ce and 
 held it until August 1, 1893, when G. 0. Manwaring was appointed. Mr. Man- 
 waring soon after resigned and the ofiBce lapsed. The patrons of the office imme- 
 diately petitioned for its re-establishment, and it was re-established May 30, 1894, 
 with S. M. Baker, postmaster. 
 
 The first store in the township was opened in this neighborhood, in the early 
 thirties, by William Simmons, on his place, about a mile southeast of Brookfield. At 
 first he kept the goods for sale in his house, but soon afterwards erected a small store 
 building on the south side of the road a few rods east of his dwelling. He got his 
 goods from Joel Pao-khurst, of Elkland, with whom he appears to have been in part- 
 nership. His customers were his neighbors, and he took his pay in money and 
 labor, generally the latter. A day's chopping was the price of a yard of sheeting 
 or a yard of calico. Fifty cents a day was the usual price for labor. Mr. Simmons 
 sold goods here for many years, being in business either directly or indirectly until 
 his death, in January, 1880. J. P. Sleeper and Joseph Montanye also sold goods 
 in the Simmons store. The second store — long known as the Gardner store — was 
 built in Brookfield, at an early day, by George Bacon and David Gardner. Many 
 others followed them in business here, some of whom succeeded in building up a 
 large trade, while others, especially during recent years, failed to do a profitable bus- 
 iness, the trade of this section having been diverted to Westfield, North Fork and 
 Troupsburg. The store has been vacant for more than two years. In 1866 Andrew 
 J. Simmons erected a store building at Brookfield, in which he kept the postoffice 
 and sold goods until his father's death, when he moved back to the old homestead. 
 This building is also vacant. The cheese factory, which is No. 3 of the series of 
 factories operated by 0. H. Snyder, of North Fork, Potter county, Pennsylvania, 
 was built in 1866 by Wood & McBride. In 1894 its output was 166,000 pounds of 
 cheese, for which a good price was obtained. 
 
 Brookfield Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Association, No. 317, which was 
 organized February 25, 1892, meets here in the school house. It numbers twenty 
 members and is prosperous. 
 
 Austiriburg is situated in the northeastern part of the township on Troup's creek. 
 
456 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The first settler here was Bedford George, whose home stood on the bank of the 
 creek, near the mouth of South Pork. A school house was huilt here between 1835 
 and 1840. About the same time E. P. Eddy built a saw-mill, first run by water and 
 later by steam. This mill was purchased twenty years ago by Eichard Schoonover. 
 In July, 1881, it was destroyed by fire. He rebuilt it and still owns and operates it. 
 In 1861-63 church buildings were erected by the Free Will Baptist and the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal societies. The first store was opened in 1863 by Eichard Schoonover, 
 who ran it one year. In 1871 William Austin located here and opened a general store, 
 continuing until 1892, when he was burned out. In 1877 a postoffiee was established 
 through his efforts. He was appointed the first postmaster and the office was named 
 Austinburg. In 1892 E. P. Schoonover opened the present store in a new building, 
 and was appointed postmaster as Mr. Austin's successor. A cheese factory, built in 
 1883, is owned and operated by E. A. Bean, of Knoxville. Its average annual output 
 is 100,000 pounds. E. E. Shumway owns and operates a feed mill, and J. Cartwright 
 performs the labors and duties of the village blacksmith. 
 
 Austinburg Tent, No. 194, K. 0. T. M., meets in the hall over E. P. Schoonover's 
 store. It was organized September 14, 1893, and now numbers twenty-seven 
 members. 
 
 Sylvester is the name of a postoffice established August 23, 1880, on the Califor- 
 nia road, in the central part of the township. It was named in honor of Sylvester 
 L. Plank, oldest son of Lovel Plank, the pioneer. Spencer B. Plank, the first post- 
 master, held the office until April 20, 1891, when he resigned, because of ill health, 
 and C. C. Mead, the present incumbent, was appointed. Mr. Plank also conducted 
 a general store until 1886, when he sold out to Mr. Mead. There is a cheese factory 
 here operated by 0. H. Snyder. The Baptist church, Sylvester Grange hall and a 
 few residences are the only other buildings in the village. 
 
 Sylvester Grange, No. 1078, was organized February 9, 1893. In 1894 it erected 
 a two-story, frame hall building costing $600. This grange has grown steadily and 
 now numbers fifty-seven members. 
 
CHAPTEE XXXV- 
 
 CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization — Reduction op Area — Physical Characteristics — Streams- 
 Timber Growth— Early Settlers— Pioneer Industries— schools and Jus- 
 tices—Churches AND Cemeteries— Societies— Villages and Postoppices. 
 
 CHATHAM township was organized in February, 1838, and was taken from Deer- 
 field township. In May, 1831, a strip two miles wide from east to west was taken 
 from Middlebury township and added to it on the east. In 1878 a strip, averaging 
 about two miles in width, was taken from it on the north and added to the southern 
 part of Deerfield township. As at present constituted it is about six and one-fourth 
 miles from north to south, six and a half miles from east to west, and contains about 
 forty square miles. It is bounded by Deerfield township on the north, Farmington 
 and Middlebury townships on the east, Delmar and Shippen townships on the south, 
 and Clymer and Westfield townships on the west. The township is watered by 
 numerous nms, brooks and creeks. The principal of these is Crooked creek, which, 
 with its tributaries. Mead's brook and Norris brook, drains the central and eastern 
 portions of the township. Other small unnamed streams drain difEerent sections 
 of the township. The northern boundary of the township is practically the water- 
 shed between the tributaries of the Cowanesque river, which flow north, and those of 
 Crooked creek, which flow south and southeast. The drainage of the township, 
 with the exception of the northwest quarter, is in these last-named directions. 
 One of the curious physical features of the township is a little marsh, from 
 which the village of Little Marsh takes its name. It is situated north of 
 Crooked creek, a short distance west of Beach's Mills, and is a marshy area between 
 the surrounding hills. Its head is a narrow ravine, which branches off, about a 
 mile north of the Boardman school house, from another ravine, the natural drainage 
 of which is toward the northwest, while that of the Little Marsh ravine is to- 
 ward the east and southeast. Until artificially obstructed, the water, in case 
 of heavy rains, has sometimes turned aside, either in whole or in part, into 
 the Little Marsh ravine, thus presenting the curious spectacle of a stream dividing 
 and one portion flowing east and southeast into Crooked creek and the other north- 
 west into Jemison creek. A natural watershed thus formed by the junction of 
 two ravines, is a thing rarely seen, and must be regarded as one of the physical 
 curiosities of the county. 
 
 The township is of uneven and, in places, rugged surface, yet the greater part 
 of its area is rolling and gently undulating, the uncultivable portion being very 
 limited. When first settled its hills and valleys were covered with a heavy growth 
 of white pine and hemlock, which, in the course of years, gave way to cultivated 
 fields and highly-improved and productive farms. Its lands are adapted to the 
 
458 HISTOBT OF TIOGA OOU]SrTT. 
 
 cereal grains, to grass, tobacco and orchard fruits, and its annual products show 
 that it is one of the best agricultural townships of the county. Not having any 
 railroads within its borders, the greater part of their trading is done in Westfield, 
 Knoxville, Osceola, Elkland, Sabinsville and Middlebury Center. Chatham is 
 strictly an agricultural township and its people devote their energies to the care and 
 cultivation of their farms. 
 
 EAKLT SETTLEBS. 
 
 The first white settler in Chatham township, as at present constituted, was 
 John Short, who located near the outlet of the "Little Marsh," in 1818. Two years 
 later he removed to what is now known as Shortsville. He was soon followed by 
 his brothers, Asa and Benoni, the latter making but a brief stay. Eeuben Cloos, a 
 son of Newbiiry Cloos, a pioneer settler of Deerfield township, commenced improve- 
 ments on his land in the "Cloos Settlement" in 1818. He built a log house, raised 
 two crops of grain and, in 1831, moved his wife to her new home. The first season, 
 during their absence, the house burned with everything in it, including $60 in silver 
 money. William Wass, a native of Sussex county, New Jersey, and a soldier of the 
 War of 1812, located in Deerfield township in 1817. His son, David Wass, now 
 a resident of Knoxville, says that in 1818 he removed to Chatham township and 
 settled about two miles west of East Chatham. Jesse Eowley also settled in the 
 township in 1818. Abel Cloos, a brother of Reuben, settled in the Cloos neighbor- 
 hood in the winter of 1832-33, and Abel Cloos, an uncle of Eeuben, and Armon 
 Cloos, a brother, a year or two later. Charles Avery, a native of Madison county, 
 New York, came in 1836, and located on the tract of land on which the East 
 Chatham postoffice is situated. This he sold in 1837 to Sylvester Treat, and located 
 on the farm now owned by Edward Carl. Here he passed the remainder of his life. 
 
 A number of early settlers who selected lands in this township were either 
 pioneers or sons of pioneers in Deerfield township. Some purchased lands and 
 did not settle, while others moved into the township and became permanent residents 
 and citizens of it. The first assessment made in 1829, by Allen Frazer, Jr., shows 
 that the following named persons, residents and non-residents, were taxable in the 
 township: Cyrus Ames, Aaron Alba, James Allen, Francis Burrell, Alexander 
 Burrell, Beersheba Bates, Asa Bates, Silas Billings, Daniel Baker, Stephen Colvin, 
 Joel Crandall, Samuel Carpenter, Allen Frazer, Jr., Eddy Howland, Jr., Joseph 
 Howland, John Knox, William Knox, David Lesure, John Macumber, Joseph 
 Matson, David Seamans, Level Short, Samuel Strawn, John P. Tracey, Elijah 
 Thompson, Samuel Taylor, Mrs. Tracey, widow of A. W. Tracey, William Wass 
 and Joseph Yamall. Of these about twenty were actual settlers, among whom 
 were Joel Crandall, a son of Stennett Crandall, who settled in Osceola township 
 in 1833; Stephen Colvin, who settled in the northern part of the township; Samuel 
 Carpenter, a son of Charles Carpenter, a pioneer of Osceola township; Allen Frazer, 
 Jr., who made the first assessment of the township; David Lesure, who settled on 
 Crooked creek; John Macumber, who settled northeast of Little Marsh, in the Cloos 
 district; Lovell Short, who was living on Crooked creek, at Shortsville, and Samuel 
 Strawn, who settled on the place now owned by his son, Samuel M. Strawn. 
 
 Amasa Clark was bom in Providence, Ehode Island, in 1801, and came to 
 
CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. 459 
 
 Deerfield town&hip, in 1817, with Eleazer Clark, a relative. Soon after axriving 
 at manhood's estate he became an early settler in Chatham township, locating on 
 the farm now occupied by his son, Alanson Clark. Isaac Cole, the oldest living 
 resident of the township, came as early as 1831-32. William Spaulding, a native 
 of Hebron, E"ew York, removed from Vermont to Potter county, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1835, and in 1836 came to Chatham to^mship, settling on the farm below Chat- 
 ham Valley, now occupied by his son-in-law, D. H. Curtis. Eobert Hill and 
 Eensselaer Tolas settled on the site of the village of Little Marsh in the early 
 thirties, the former locating above and the latter below the creek bridge in the 
 village. In 1836 Matthew Boom settled in the northwestern part of the township, 
 near the "Swing Gate" school house. In 1837 Kehemiah Beach removed from 
 Knoxville, located at Little Marsh, and engaged in lumbering. In 1847 he removed 
 one mile west to the property now owned by his son, S. P. Beach. Harvey Leach, 
 for many years a prominent physician with a large practice, came into the township 
 in 1837, from Steuben county, IsTew York, and cleared a smail farm, on which he 
 resided till his death. Eonaldo Hawley, a native of Columbia county, Ifew York, 
 settled in 1840 on the farm now owned by Curry Beach. In 1841 Jeremiah Garner 
 settled in the western part of the township, southwest of the Boardman school 
 house. In 1842 Philo Churchill settled on the farm in the eastern part of the 
 township now occupied by his son, Eandolph Churchill. Jason Cooper, a soldier of 
 the "War of 1812, settled in 1844 in the northwestern corner of the township. In 
 the same year, also, Daniel H. Curtis, a native of Cayuga county. New York, settled 
 below Shortsville, on Crooked creek. In 1846 Philip Erway came into the town- 
 ship from Delmar township, and settled on the farm in the "Swing Gate" district 
 which he still occupies. About this time Thomas Owlett, a native of England, 
 settled in the northeastern part of the township. Alvin H. Eice, a native of Dela- 
 ware county, New York, came in 1847, and settled at Little Marsh, and became the 
 first merchant in the place. 
 
 Among other early settlers were Benson Hill, Z. Burdick, Frank Spencer, Aurora 
 Spencer, Calvin Davis, Moses Wilhelm, Joseph, Whitney and Calvin Wheeler, Alex- 
 ander Holmes, Azariah Slocum, Samuel Main, Artemus Crippen and Charles Fuller, 
 who settled in the southern part of the township; Miletus Brown, Peter Houghtaling 
 and Lemuel Jackson, who settled on the Shortsville road; Samuel Mosher, Nathan 
 Taylor and Daniel Hill, on the Mosher road; John Bates and Samuel Strong, on 
 the Bates road; Burdick Hill, Dyer Clark and Josiah Hall, on the road leading from 
 Beach's Mills to Academy Comers, and Daniel Shores, Harlow Boyce, Asher Man- 
 ning, Nehemiah Smith, Ezra Allen, M. Brownell and Samuel King, in the north- 
 western part of the township. 
 
 PIONEEK INDUSTEIES. 
 
 Chatham, at the time of its settlement, being a forest-covered township, lum- 
 bering preceded agriculture as its most important industry. The leading purpose of 
 the settlers was, however, to, as quickly as was possible, transform these tracts into 
 cultivated farms. Their main dependence for the accomplishment of this work 
 was a keen-edged ax and their own strong arms. Unwilling to wait until better 
 roads and a denser population should create a demand for the pine and hemlock 
 
460 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 that then encumbered the ground, many of them called fire to their aid in the 
 clearing of their fields, and this accelerated the work of forest destruction. The 
 early mills were devoted to supplying lumher for home consumption, the first one 
 being built by Henry Eaton at Shortsville. It was not, however, until after the 
 building of the plank road from Tioga to Wellsboro, about 1850, that Ivunbering 
 became an industry of magnitude and importance. Mills were erected along 
 Crooked creek and its branches, and hundreds of teams were employed in hauling 
 the lumber down the Crooked Creek valley to Tioga, when it was either rafted down 
 the river or shipped by railroad. It is estimated that, at one time, nearly 1,000,000 
 feet of lumber a week was shipped out of Chatham and Middlebury townships in 
 this way. In time the pine disappeared, since which the cutting of hemlock for 
 lumber and bark has been carried on, until it, also, is nearly exhausted. 
 
 One of the first mills in the township was erected on Kate Mead's brook, by 
 Nehemiah Beach, about 1838. In 1847 he moved about a mile west of Little Marsh, 
 on Crooked creek, and erected a saw-mill, having as a partner MaJ. Seth Daggett. 
 A grist-mill was also erected and the water power derived from a reservoir formed 
 by damming the outlet to Little Marsh. Considerable malaria prevailed about this 
 time and those living near attributed it to the dam. An order of court was secured 
 compelling Mr. Beach to remove it. He claimed the decree was unjust and arbitrary 
 and would cause him great financial loss, and refused to obey it. Malarial fevers 
 still prevailing, the people took the matter in hand and destroyed the dam, as well 
 as the value of the mills. In 1873 steam power was put in, and in 1877 a store estab- 
 lished in connection with the mills. These properties are now owned and operated 
 by Mr. Beach's son, Simeon P. Beach. The upper story of the store building is 
 used as a lodge hall by the Knights of Honor and the Grange. These mills are 
 the only ones now in operation in the township. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The first school in the township was held in a log house, erected in 1831 for 
 a dwelling by Reuben Cloos. This school was taught in 1831 by a man named 
 Hovey. Other schools were established as the number of settlers increased. Soon 
 after the enactment of the public school law in 1835, the township was divided into 
 school districts. In 1878, when the northern part of the township was attached 
 to Deerfield township, it lost four out of sixteen school districts. ' The remaining 
 districts conform in their configuration to the variations of the surface, and are 
 so shaped as to obviate, as much as possible, excessive hill climbing on the part of 
 the pupils. They generally run with the valleys of the streams. The school houses 
 are good, substantial frame buildings, well supplied with modem furniture, and 
 good teachers are employed during the summer and winter terms. Among the early 
 teachers in the township were Stephen Wade, Stephen Martin, Miss Susie Gibson, 
 Daniel Van Dusen, Mary Van Dusen, Polly Cloos, Esther Avery, James Leach and 
 Augustus Andrews. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace of this town- 
 ship: Allen Frazer, commissioned in 1830; Eeuben Cloos, 1840; Burdick Hill, 
 1840; William Boardman, 1845; Ben. Van Dusen, 1845; William A. Falkner, 
 1848; Samuel Strawn, 1850; Ben. Van Dusen, 1850; Prince P. Howland, 1851; 
 
CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. ^Q^ 
 
 Abel M. Harris, 1853; F. W. Stark, 1855; Albert Clark, 1856; Eeuben Morse, 1857; 
 re-elected, 1862, 1867, 1873, 1877; F. W. Stark, 1860; A. A. De Grote, 1864; K 
 E. Hastings, 1865; Austin D. Riee, 1869; re-elected, 1882, 1890; Amasa Clark, 
 1879; Samuel W. Love, 1885; John A. Hornsby, 1886; re-elected, 1891; Alexander 
 Wass, 1894; John W. French, 1895. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEEIBS. 
 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Chatham Valley was organized in 1846 with 
 fifteen members. The names of the pastors who have served this church are Charles 
 Fooles, A. D. Pope, W. S. Smith,A. G. Downey and IST. J. Shirey. The church is 
 without a regular pastor at present. In 1896 a neat church building, costing $1,200, 
 was erected at Chatham Valley. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Chatham, at Little Marsh, was organ- 
 ized about 1855. It is difficult to ascertain the exact year. It appears, however, 
 that about this time a class was organized at the Boardman school house by Rev. 
 Alfred G. Terry. In 1855, also, the existence of a church was recognized by the 
 conference assigning Eev. James Duncan to Chatham. The accessible records, 
 however, do not give a list of the pastors back of 1868, when Rev. 0. P. Livingston 
 took charge, remaining until 1871. His successors have been Revs. Elisha Hudson, 
 1871-72; Mr. Hinman, 1872-73; A. D. Ensign, 1873-75; 0. P. Livingston, 1875-77; 
 WoodrufE Post, 1877-78; J. H. Perry, 1878-79; W. Beach, 1879-81; J. W. Miller, 
 1881-84; J. C. Stevens, 1884-86; W. S. Dubois, 1886-87; A. P. Cole, 1887-92; C. 
 R. Morrow, 1892-95, and H. R. Wagner, who came in November, 1895. The church 
 was duly incorporated September 10, 1870. The trustees of incorporation were 
 Sidney Beach, Leonard Clark, John Mead, Alexander Wass and Lockwood Smith, 
 and also included, but not as incorporators, Abel Close, A. D. Rice, Robert Hill and 
 A. H. Roberts. A church building was erected in the spring of 1872, at a cost of 
 $3,500. The church now numbers 108 members. 
 
 The Second Methodist Episcopal Church, otherwise known as the "Owlett 
 Church," is situated in the northeastern part of the township, neax the Middlebury 
 township Hne, and was established about thirty-five years ago. In 1882 a church 
 building was erected at a cost of $1,200. The same pastors have served this church 
 and the church at Little Marsh, and the list given in its history answers for both. 
 The church now has a membership of about fifty. The Sunday-school was regularly 
 maintained until recently, when, owing to irregular attendance, it was temporarily 
 discontinued. The society was incorporated April 3, 1882. 
 
 The First Chatham Cemetery Association was incorporated August 38, 1872, the 
 incorporators being Reuben Morse, Reuben Cloos, Lon Avery, Amasa Clark, Jr., 
 Philip T. Cloos and Alanson Clark. The cemetery controlled by this association 
 is known as the old Cloos burying ground, where a number of early pioneers lie 
 buried. 
 
 The Lee Cemetery Association was incorporated December 22, 1886, the officers 
 and incorporators being Daniel H. Lee, president; Sylvester Treat, secretary; John 
 Owlett, treasurer. The cemetery, which was established about fifty years ago, is 
 located in the northeastern part of the township, near East Chatham postoffice. The 
 remains of the early settlers of the neighborhood axe interred here. 
 
462 HISXOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The Robert Hill Cemetery Association was incorporated December 29, 1894, the 
 incorporators being A. M. Eoberts, A. Spencer, H. C. "Warmsley, W. H. Thompson, 
 Gurden Reed, G. D. Beach and C. E. Beach. This cemetery is situated between 
 Little Marsh and Beach's Mills and has been used as a place of burial for nearly 
 half a century. 
 
 The Boardman Cemetery, near the old Boardman school house, in the western 
 part of the township, is an old burying ground. There is also a small cemetery 
 near the Swing Gate school house, and also one at Shortsville. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Chatham is fairly well supplied with societies, embracing the following organi- 
 zations: Little Marsh Lodge, Ifo. 2263, K. of H., was chartered August 27, 1880. 
 It meets in a hall over the store of S. P. Beach, at Beach's Mills, and embraces about 
 twenty-five members. Alfred Toles Post, No. 320, G. A. E., contains fifty mem- 
 bers. It was organized April 21, 1883, and has a hall at Little Marsh. Alfred 
 Toles Corps, No. 28, W. R. C, meets at the same place. It was organized September 
 4, 1889, and has a membership of nearly forty. Both the post and corps are pros- 
 perous and help to keep alive a patriotic spirit in the township. Little Marsh Tent, 
 No. 179, K. 0. T. M., was organized May 31, 1893, and meets at the lodge room in 
 Little Marsh. Excelsior Grange, No. 1136, P. of H., which meets at the hall over 
 Beach's store, was organized May 16, 1895. It has a membership of twenty-six. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOFEICES. 
 
 Little Marsh, so named from a small marsh about two miles northwest, up the 
 Crooked Creek valley, is situated north and east of the geographical center of the 
 township. The first settlers upon its site were Rensselaer Toles and Robert Hill. 
 Toles settled below and Hill above the creek bridge within the village. They both 
 located in the early thirties. In 1837 Nehemiah Beach removed from Knoxville, 
 and engaged in limibering here, remaining until 1847. The first store was opened 
 here about 1855 by T. P. W. Stark, on the site of the present hotel building. Alvin 
 H. Rice was also an early merchant, as were also Kelley & Smith, Seymour Guild 
 and Abner Humphrey. There are now two stores in the place; one is carried on 
 by Cooper & Carpenter and the other by E. S. Davis & Sons. In the second story 
 of the Cooper & Carpenter building is the lodge hall of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, the Woman's Relief Corps and the Knights of the Maccabees. The first 
 hotel in the village was built in 1878, by Erastus Rice — a son of Alvin H. Rice— 
 who still keeps it. In 1889 Alexander Wass built a cheese factory, which he still 
 operates. A wagon shop is carried on by C. "W. Ordiway and a blacksmith shop by 
 Charles Heath. 
 
 Dr. Harvey Leach, who settled in the township in 1837, was the first physician 
 to practice here. His successors have been Dr. S. P. Kenyon, Dr. Simmons, Dr. 
 Street, Dr. John Feltwell and Dr. B. J. Fulkerson, who remained about fifteen years. 
 The profession is represented at present by Dr. Inman H. White, who came in the 
 fall of 1895. 
 
 A postofiice was established in the township previous to 1840, at the residence 
 
CLYMEK TOWNSHIP. 463 
 
 of Eedding Macumber, who was the first postmaster and held the office a number 
 of years. Amasa Clark was the postmaster during the war and was succeeded by 
 Edward Miller, who held the office one year. In the fall of 1868 the office was 
 established at Little Marsh, with John Mowrey, postmaster, who held it until 1876. 
 His successors have been E. W. Toles, A. D. Rice, A. M. Roberts and A. D. Rice, 
 who was appointed a second time in the fall of 1893. The village contains a good 
 graded school. The population of the place numbers about 150, nearly all of whom 
 are interested in agriculture. 
 
 Chatham Valley Postofflce, or Shortsville, is in the Crooked Creek valley, near the 
 eastern boundary line of the township. A postoffice was established here about 
 1840. Henry Caton was the first postmaster. The office was located in his dwell- 
 ing, a custom continued by his successors, among whom were William Spaulding, 
 Samuel Cady, James Wiley, John W. Erench, B. W. Suffem, Redding Macumber 
 and Russell Brigden. Mr. Brigden permitted the office to lapse. A new office was 
 established February 6, 1883, and David H. Curtis, who still fills the position, 
 appointed postmaster. He has the office in his dwelling, in which it was located 
 in 1852, when his father-in-law, William Spaulding, was postmaster. There ;is one 
 store, that of HoUister Leach, and two blacksmith shops, carried on by Joe Borden 
 and David Short, in Chatham Valley. 
 
 East Chatham is the name of a postoffice established July 11, 1870, in the 
 northeastern part of the township, at the residence of R. G. Treat, who still holds 
 the office of postmaster, and serves for the accommodation of his neighborhood 
 rather than for any honors or emoluments attached to the place. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 CLYMER TOWN"SHIP. 
 
 Organization— Oeigin of Name— William B. Clymer— His Generous Treat- 
 ment OF Settlers — Physical Features op Tovfnship— Forest Growth — 
 Streams — Area — Early Settlers- Early Industries — Schools and Ju stices 
 — Churches and Cemeteries — Societies— Villages and Postopfices. 
 
 CLYMER township, originally named Middletown, was formed from portions, 
 of Westfield and Gaines townships in December, 1850, and was named in 
 honor of William B. Clymer, a grandson of George Clymer, a distinguished Penn- 
 sylvanian and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Clymer 
 was the agent of the Bingham estate, to which, before its settlement, nearly all the 
 land in the township belonged. Land was sold at $1.35 per acre, and Mr. Clymer 
 
464 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 did much to encourage settlers to locate in the township, and many stories are told 
 of his generosity toward those who, through failure of crops, sickness or other 
 causes, not due to their own shiftlessness or lack of industry, were unable to meet 
 their payments. In many instances he extended them time, loaned them money, 
 refusing interest therefor, and did his best to put heart into them and encourage 
 them to remain on their clearings and make their permanent home in the township. 
 Many of the old settlers, who afterwards became prosperous and well-to-do farmers, 
 freely admitted that, had it not been for his generous aid and encouragement, they 
 would have been compelled to abandon their clearings and begin anew elsewhere. 
 
 The general elevation of this township is about 1,600 feet above the sea level. 
 It forms a part of the watershed of northern Pennsylvania, the streams in the 
 northern half flowing north into the Cowanesque river, and those in the southern 
 part flowing south into Pine creek, a tributary of the West Branch of the Susque- 
 hanna river. The surface of the land is rolling and hilly, but not enough so to 
 interfere with cultivation, except to a very limited extent. The township is there- 
 fore a good agricultural" township, and abounds in well-tilled and productive farms. 
 Unlike most of the other townships of the county, the timber growth at the time of 
 its settlement was mostly hard wood, principally maple and beech, with a liberal 
 admixture of hickory, cherry and hemlock. The lands were not, therefore, pur- 
 chased, in the first instance, with a view to lumbering, but to cultivation. 
 
 The streams of the township are Potter brook, which rises in the northwestern 
 part, and flows north into Westfield township, uniting with the Cowanesque river 
 at the village of Potter Brook; Crance brook, which rises in the southern part of 
 the township and flows north into "Westfield township; Mill creek and its branches, 
 which drain the central part of the township, flow north into Westfleld township 
 and unite with the Cowanesque at Westfleld borough; Jemison creek, which has 
 its source in the southeastern part of the township and flows north into Westfield 
 township, emptying into the Cowanesque at Phillips Station; and Long run and 
 its branches, which drain the southwestern quarter of the township, and flow south 
 into Gaines township and unite with Pine creek. 
 
 The township is nearly square, being seven miles from east to west by about 
 five and one-third miles from north to south, the superficial area being about thirty- 
 seven square miles. 
 
 EAHLY SETTLERS. 
 
 James Mix, who located at what is still known as Mixtown in 1818, is reputed 
 to have been the first settler in the township. In 1820 Simon Eixford, a Eevolu- 
 tionary soldier, and a pioneer settler at Knoxville, purchased the Mix property. 
 He was accompanied by his wife and his stepson, George 0. Bristol. The latter 
 assisted him in clearing his land and later purchased a tract for himself from Mr. 
 Eixford's son David. At this time the entire township was a wilderness, the nearest 
 neighbor being Stephen Potter, at the mouth of Potter brook, in Westfield town- 
 ship. In 1833 Eufus Scott, a son of Luke Scott, a pioneer settler at Knoxville, 
 located west of Eixford on the place now owned and occupied by his son, Eli D. 
 Scott. George Briggs, another early settler, came about 1833, and settled east of 
 
CLTMEE TOWNSHIP. 455 
 
 Mixtown. Christopher Sehoonover also settled about 1833 in the Mixtown 
 neighborhood. 
 
 Silas S. Griffin, a native of Madison county, New York, settled, in 1833, in the 
 eastern part of the township, on the farm now occupied by Charles L. Bruce, who 
 married his widow. Peter Eushmore, a native of New York, and a tanner and 
 currier, settled in Enoxville in 1820 and in 1835 removed to and cleared and im- 
 proved the farm now occupied by Wilbur Churchill, passing his life there. In 1836 
 Lyman Hancock, a native of Madison county. New York, settled near Sabinsville, 
 where he resided until 1868, when he removed to Westfleld. In the same year Isaac 
 Beach located in the Mixtown neighborhood on the farm now occupied by his son, 
 Burdett Beach. Charles P. Douglas, also a native of Madison county. New York, 
 located in February, 1837, near Sabinsville. In 1837, also, Orrin Stebbins settled 
 in the Sabinsville neighborhood. Alonzo Giles Sabin, a native of Lebanon, New 
 York, settled. in 1838, on the farm southwest of Sabinsville now occupied by his 
 widow and his son, Luman E. Sabins. The village of Sabinsville was named in his 
 honor. In 1840 Freeman Wilcox, a native of New York, settled on and improved 
 the farm west of Sabinsville now occupied by his son, William W. Dixon South- 
 worth settled in 1843, in the northeastern part of the township, on the farm now 
 owned by his son Charles. He died in February, 1893, aged eighty-nine years. 
 Erastus G. Hill located in the township in 1844, and afterwards removed to West- 
 field and built the Hill House. In 1845 Thomas Barber settled in the Mixtown 
 neighborhood. Aaron Yale, one of the oldest living settlers of the township, located 
 in 1845 a short distance southeast of Sabinsville. In 1847 Thomas Eldridge, a 
 native of Vermont, settled on the farm southeast of Sabinsville now owned by his 
 son, John Eldridge. In this year, also, Eeese I., Eeuben and Hiram Eeynolds 
 settled on Jemison creek. 
 
 In 1848 Sylvester Davey, a native of Chenango county. New York, settled south 
 of Sabinsville, in what was then Gaines township. In the same year Eoswell Ackley 
 settled in the Ackley school district, northeast of Sabinsville. His son, C. C. Ackley, 
 now occupies the old homestead. E. G. Smith settled between Sabinsville 
 and Mixtown in 1849, in which year John Sawyer came into the township. 
 In 1849, also, Dennis D. Eoberts, a native of Herkimer county. New York, 
 settled near Sabinsville, and divided his time between farming and his trade. Be- 
 sides those mentioned, the following were early settlers in the township: John King, 
 Blihu Matteson, Willard Potter, Archibald Campbell, Samuel Swimelar, Orson 
 Pemberton, Nathaniel Owen, Watson Trowbridge, who settled about 1839 or 1840; 
 Nathaniel Skinner, William Larrison, Samuel Niver, C. E. Skinner, Caleb Trow- 
 bridge, Peter Lovell and John Lovell, all of whom settled in and around Mixtown. 
 Among the early settlers on Long run were George Harvey, Jared Davis, who located 
 on the site of Davis Station; Calvin Newton, Moses Newton and William E. Burdic. 
 Among those who settled in and around Sabinsville were Thomas Strait, Zachariah 
 Heminger, William Eogers, Eoswell Eogers,^ Demarquis Thompson, Frederick 
 Swimelar, William Ladd, Level Short, Cyrus Paddock and George, William and 
 Charles Labar. 
 30 
 
466 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 EAKLY INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Before the forests were cleared away and the township reduced to its present 
 high state of cultivation, nearly every settler had a "sugar bush," of from one to 
 several hundred sugar maple trees upon his place, and the approach of spring was 
 heralded by the lighting of the fires in hundreds of "sugar camps," and the manu- 
 facture, during the sap-running season, of large quantities of maple sugar, which 
 was hauled overland to the Cowanesque river and to Pine creek, and shipped on rafts 
 down those streams, finding a ready market in Painted Post, Coming, Elmira,Towanda, 
 Williamsport, Harrisburg and Philadelphia. The sugar camp was not only a scene 
 of industry but of merry making, of which the young people took the fullest and 
 freest advantage, and many a gray-haired sire and matron loves now to recall the 
 frolics and dances that accompanied this pleasant and well-nigh departed occupation 
 of each returning springtime. 
 
 Though not the leading industry, lumbering was carried on to a considerable 
 extent, and mills for the purpose of home supply were erected on Mill creek and its 
 branches, the lumber manufactured being used in the erection of houses and barns, 
 though most of the settlers contented themselves for years with the log cabin, the 
 typical home of the pioneer. In time these were replaced with neat frame resi- 
 dences fit to domicile an industrious and thrifty people. ' 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The first school house in the township was built in 1836 at Mixtown. In 183^ 
 a school building was erected at Sabinsville, and as the township became settled 
 new school districts were created, and proper attention paid to the education of the 
 young. The school at Sabinsville is now a graded school, in which two teachers 
 are employed. Among the early teachers in this school were Alonzo G. Sabin, 
 Ambrose Close, Martin Purple, Alma Davey and Ann Benn. Other early teachers 
 in the township were Hiram K. Hill, Horace P. Hill, Sarah Whittaker, E. 0. Austin, 
 J. B. Seely and Alveron Pritehard. Good school houses have been erected for the 
 accommodation and comfort of the pupils and good teachers are yearly employed 
 for instructing them in the courses of study adopted. 
 
 The office of justice of the peace has been filled by the following named persons: 
 W. A. Douglas, 1851; re-elected, 1858, 1863; James Pritehard, 1853; Daniel 
 Holmes, 1861; V. E. Gee, 1868; re-elected, 1873, 1878; Ira S. Stocum, 1873; re- 
 elected, 1878, 1883, 1888, 1893; J. L. Thompson, 1882; re-elected, 1887, 1896; 
 Alfred King, 1892; John Davis, 1893. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Glymer was organized about 1853, and a 
 house of worship erected in 1856 at a cost of $1,100. It was dedicated December 
 17, 1859. A new church edifice was erected in 1888, and dedicated December 18, 
 of that year. This was destroyed by fire December 9, 1893. This church being in 
 the Westfield charge, the same pastors have served both societies. Since the 
 burning of the church building, however, the organization has lapsed. Some of 
 its members have united with other churches, while others attend the church in 
 Westfield. 
 
CLTMEK TOWNSHIP. 467 
 
 Glymer Baptist Church was organized in March, 1869, in the Methodist church 
 in the Aekley school district, about a mile east of Sabinsville, by Eev. William 
 Owens, evangelist. Among the early members were 0. B. Colony, Barton Morse and 
 wife, Mrs. Martha Eeynolds, Mrs. Estoria Frasier, Mrs. S. J. Aekley, Noah Weeks 
 and wife, Asa Gile and wife and Mrs. Betsey Davis. In 1871 the congregation began 
 the erection of a house of worship in Sabinsville. It was completed and dedicated 
 in 1877. It is a neat frame edifice and cost $3,000. The first deacons of this church 
 were 0. B. Colony, Willard Brown and L. H. Knapp. The following named minis- 
 ters have served this church as pastors: Eevs. Orson Schoonover, Martin Seagers, 
 Mr. Todd, Charles Diffin, P. T. Eeynolds, S. L. Bouvier, J. MuUany, A. W. Mettler 
 and S. A. Fields. The church now numbers forty-eight members. There are sixty 
 pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Mrs. E. J. Eeynolds is the superintendent. 
 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Sabinsville was organized in June, 1895, with 
 the following members: Mrs. Minnie Aekley, Mrs. Nellie Nichols, Mary Vanloy, 
 S. French, Frank Gill and wife, Daniel Brown and William Cole and wife. This 
 congregation meets in the Baptist church. The pastor is Eev. J. C. Warren, of 
 Keeneyville. 
 
 Cemeteries. — The Sabinsville cemetery is located in the southern part of the 
 village. It is unincorporated and is a free burial place. The Aekley cemetery is 
 situated southeast of Sabinsville, on the Main road to Wellsboro. The Labar bury- 
 ing ground is near the Westfield township line on the Mud road. The West Beech 
 Woods cemetery is one and one-half miles south of Sabinsville on the farm of 
 Andrew J. Clark. The Bristol burying ground is two miles west of Sabinsville. 
 In this graveyard lie the remains of Simon Eixford, the patriot and pioneer. The 
 Owen cemetery is situated in the southwest corner of the township, near the Potter 
 county line. The Barber cemetery is at Mixtown. The Larrison and Swimelar 
 cemeteries are practically family burying grounds. In each of these places 
 of burial rest the remains of the early settlers in the immediate neighborhood. Some 
 originally family graveyards have become public cemeteries, while others have been 
 set apart for the private burial of the relatives of the family on whose land the first 
 graves were opened. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The societies of Clymer are as follows: Sabinsville Lodge, No. 2300, K. of H., 
 was organized October 2, 1880, and has fifteen members. Sabinsville Union, No. 
 253, E. A. U., was organized March 5, 1881, and embraces thirty members. H. C. 
 Aekley Post, No. 469, G. A. E., organized January 19, 1885, contains a membership 
 of thirty old soldiers who helped to defend the flag. Sabinsville Grange, No. 989, 
 P. of H., has a membership of sixty-five. It was organized December 15, 1890, 
 and is in a flourishing condition. Clymer Tent, No. 166, K. 0. T. M., was organized 
 April 26, 1893, and has thirty members. Sabinsville Hive, No. 95, L. 0. T. M., was 
 organized in 1895. Thus the township is well supplied with social and secret organ- 
 izations, some of which have done much good in the community. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOEEICES. 
 
 Mixtown, named for James Mix, who settled upon the site in 1818, is situated 
 in the western part of the township, about a mile from the Potter county line. At 
 
468 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 one time it gave promise of being a place of some importance as a trading point. It 
 contained two stores, carried on by W. 0. Bristol and J. H. Eushmore, but after tbe 
 completion of the Fall Brook railroad to Westfield and Potter Brook, and of tbe 
 Addison and Pennsylvania railroad to Sabinsville, trade was diverted to these places 
 and the stores at Mixtown, discontinued business. A postoffice, established over 
 fifty years ago, was discontinued in October, 1894, for lack of sufficient patronage. 
 Among those who filled the office of postmaster here were Christopher Schoonover. 
 James Pritchard, W. 0. Bristol, J. H. Eushmore and Eli D. Scott. Mr. Scott held 
 the office for seventeen years previous to its discontinuance. A cheese factory, 
 erected in 1886, by J. H. Eushmore, and still owned and operated by him, is the 
 only manufacturing industry in the place. 
 
 Sabinsville, situated in the Mill Creek valley, on the Addison and Pennsylvania 
 railroad, about a mile south of the north line of the township, was named in honor 
 of Alonzo G. Sabin. The first settlers here were Charles P. Douglas, Orrin Stebbins 
 and Elijah Hancock. A postoffice was established in 1849, with C. P. Douglas as 
 postmaster. He held the office sixteen years and was succeeded by E. H. Stebbins, 
 who held it twelve years. His successors have been L. J. Stone, G. W. Douglas, who 
 held it twelve yeaxs, and C. M. Davis, who was appointed June 18, 1894. The first 
 store in the place was built by Butler B. Strang and stocked with goods by himself 
 and C. P. Douglas. Among the other early merchants were D. A. Tooker, William 
 Simmons, J. L. Thompson and L. J. Stone. Mr. Stone, who is still in business, is 
 the oldest resident of the village. Those engaged in merchandising at present are 
 J. F. Goodspeed, F. L. Sears, E. W. Southworth, L. J. Stone, C. M. Davis and E. 
 Bevier. Mr. Bevier deals in hardware and is also in the livery business. George 
 A. Eoberts, the village blacksmith, is also a furniture dealer and undertaker. The 
 first hotel was kept by C. P. Douglas. In 1865 D. A. Tooker built the Clymer House. 
 Among those who succeeded him as landlords of this hotel were G. "W. Schott, Lucius 
 Inscho and John Eldridge. It was destroyed by fire in 1888, being at the time the 
 property of the last named, who in the same year erected the Hotel Beach, a' com- 
 modious three-story edifice. The present landlord is Lester W. Eice. 
 
 In 1837 the first saw-mill in the township was built on Mill creek, within the 
 present village, by Orrin Stebbins and Elijah Hancock. In 1873 Stebbins and 
 Eoberts built a steam saw and grist-mill, which was burned in 1877. At the present 
 time a fiour and feed mill is owned and operated by E. B. Schott. A cheese factory 
 located in the same building is conducted by 0. H. Snyder, of North Fork, Potter 
 county. A shingle mill is carried on by C. B. Cole. 
 
 The first regular physician in the township was Dr. T. M. Haner. Other early 
 physicians were Dr. Harvey Leach, Dr. Seamans, Dr. "W. E. Francis and Dr. K. 
 Shaw. The profession is represented at present by Dr. T. A. Bair, who came in 
 1880, and Dr. A. M. Greenfield, who located in 1892. 
 
 Davis Station, or Lansing Postofice, is the name of a railroad station and post- 
 office on the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad near the Gaines township line. A 
 store is kept by J. M. Davis, who has been the postmaster since the establishment 
 of the office in 1868! 
 
 Azelta is the name of a postoffice established June 2, 1892, about three miles 
 
SHIPPEN TOWNSHIP. 469 
 
 southeast of Sabinsville. Wilmot H. Abbey has been postmaster since the opening 
 of the office and also keeps a small store. 
 
 Clymer is the name of a postoffice recently established west of Mixtown, near 
 the Potter county line. ' The postmaster is Venette Johnson. This office takes the 
 place of the Mixtown office, discontinued in October, 1894. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXyil. 
 
 SHIPPEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Present Boundaries and Area— Streams— Physical Features 
 —Population— Early Settlers— King and Manning's Explorations— Big 
 Meadows— The Furmans— Assessment of 1824— Division of Township— Set- 
 tlers on Marsh Creek— Early Mills— Schools and Justices— Churches and 
 Cemeteries — Villages . 
 
 SHIPPEN township, taken from Delmar, was organized in February, 1833. It is 
 bounded on the north by Clymer and Chatham townships; on the east by Delmar; 
 on the south by Delmar and Elk, and on the west by Gaines and Clymer townships. 
 Gaines was taken from it in 1837. As at present constituted, thetownshipisaboutfive 
 miles from east to west by nine miles from north to south, and contains about forty- 
 five square miles. The principal streams are Pine creek and Marsh creek. The 
 former enters the township midway of its western boundary, flows in an easterly direc- 
 tion, for three and a half miles, when it receives the water of Marsh creek, and then 
 turns southwest and enters Elk township near its northeast corner. Marsh creek, 
 the principal tributary of Pine creek, enters the township at the village of Marsh 
 Creek, flowing out of Delmar township. It pursues a southwest direction for a dis- 
 tance of nearly three miles through a level marshy valley to the village of Ansonia, 
 where it joins its waters with those of Pine creek. There is evidence to support the 
 idea, entertained by those famiUar with the physical chaxacteristics of the valleys of 
 these streams, within the township, that Pine creek once flowed northeast over the 
 Marsh creek course and emptied into Crooked creek at Middlebury Center. What 
 causes contributed to turn it southward from Ansonia can only be conjectured. After 
 entering the township. Marsh creek receives the waters of Strait run and Asaph run, 
 both of which flow from the north. At the Gaines township line Pine creek receives 
 Painter run, flowing from the southwest, and below Ansonia receives Darling run, 
 which flows from the east. The township is nearly equally divided by Marsh creek 
 and that part of Pine creek west of Ansonia. The farming lands of the township 
 
470 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 lie in the valleys of these streams and their tributaries, except a limited upland 
 area in the southeast corner. The remainder of the township is mountainous, and 
 ■was originally covered with a heavy growth of pine and hemlock. This, save a 
 limited area in the northern and southern parts, has all been converted into lumber, 
 lumbering operations at one time being carried on on an extensive scale. 
 
 In 1840, after the taking from it of Gaines township, Shippen contained 193 
 inhabitants. In 1870 the census returns showed 270; in 1880, 441, and in 1890, 733. 
 
 EAELY SETTLEHS. 
 
 In a work entitled, "Pioneer Life, or Thirty Years a Hunter," by Philip Tomb, 
 a son of Jacob Tomb, a pioneer settler of Lycoming county, is found the statement 
 that, "in 1794 James King and a Mr. Manning went on an exploring expedition up 
 Pine creek, to ascertain if any elk were to be found, and also if any Indians were in 
 the neighborhood." They ascended that stream in a canoe and about the seventh or 
 eighth day after starting, "arrived at the third fork of Pine creek. On the west side, 
 opposite the fork, they discovered a large tract of cleared land, consisting of as many 
 as a hundred and sixty acres, to which they gave the name of the Big Meadows. They 
 were the first white men there. It had been cleared by the Six Nations, and they 
 thought had probably been vacated for twenty or thirty years, but they could still 
 discover marks of corn hills. On the opposite side of the creek, near the fork, they 
 found a plum orchard of twenty acres, abounding with fruit. Between the 
 plum orchard and the creek was a tract of cleared land of about thirty acres 
 which appeared to have once been a corn field. In this vicinity they found a great 
 many elk and bears ***** -n^gy then ascended the fork seven 
 miles, when they arrived at a place which they called Big Marsh." He says they next 
 returned to Big Meadows, where they left their canoe, and proceeded on foot twelve 
 miles up Pine creek. 
 
 The "Big Meadows" referred to in the foregoing, is now known as "Ansonia" 
 and the "Third fork" as Marsh creek. It thus appears that King and Manniag, the 
 two men who made this exploring expedition, were "the first white men that ever 
 penetrated the wilderness lying on Pine creek and its tributaries," and were also the 
 first white men to appear within the boundaries of what is now Shippen township. 
 
 Ten years later — in 1804 — a party of hunters — one of whom was William Fur- 
 man — ^found their way up Pine Creek valley, above the mouth of Marsh creek. So 
 pleased was William Purman with the country and the abundance of game, that upon 
 his return to his home at Sunbury, jS"orthumberlaiid county, Pennsylvania, he per- 
 suaded his brothers, Aaron and Josiah, to join him in making a settlement. This they 
 did in the spring of 1805. William and Aaron settled at Purmantown, in Gaines 
 township, and Josiah located at Big Meadows, or Ansonia, as it is now called, thus 
 becoming the first settler in Shippen township. Benjamin, another brother, came 
 later and settled at Purmantown. A man named Mills, whose daughter Josiah Fur- 
 man married, appears to have been the next settler at Ansonia. Then came Eobert 
 Steele, a Eevolutionary soldier. Mills and Steele both settled at Big Meadows. 
 Elijah Dimmick came into the township early in the present century— before 1830— 
 and settled on the J. C. Hamilton place. Eichard Ellis also settled before 1830. 
 In 1824 when the first assessment of the township was made, there were living 
 
SHIPPBIT TOWNSHIP. ^y-j^ 
 
 m hm Its present bomdaries, Elijah Dimmick, Paul Dimmick, Eichard Ellis, John 
 Mlsworth, Asaph Ellis, David Ellis, Consider Ellis, Eichard Ellis, Jr, John Ellis, 
 Eobert Francis, Josiah Fnrman, Eeuben Herrington, George Hnyler, Levi Murdock, 
 Morns Miller, Eichard Phillips, Eobert Steele, John Steele, Jame. Steele, Ephraim 
 Steele and Frederick Tanner. 
 
 In December, 1837, the township was divided, the western half being erected 
 mto a new township called Gaines. The next assessment made in 1838 showed sixty- 
 three taxables within the township as now constituted. The settled portion of the 
 township embraced the valley of Pine creek, west of the mouth of Marsh creek. That 
 portion of the valley of this latter stream in the township settled slowly owing to its 
 marshy character. As late as 1864 there were but seven families in its valley between 
 Ansonia and the Delmar township line. There were, beginning at the west, Kelson 
 Swope, William Dimmick, a Mr. PoUison, Andrew Lovejoy, a Mr. Willoughby, a Mr. 
 Hiltbold and Charles Grinnell. 
 
 EAHLT MILLS. 
 
 The first saw-mill in the township was erected on Pine creek, about a mile and 
 a half above Ansonia, by Eichard Ellis. It appears on the assessment list of 1816, as 
 does also a grist-mill erected by Asaph Ellis, to whom in 1818 the saw-mill was also 
 assessed. These mills were owned jointly in 1823 by Eichard Ellis, Sr., and Asaph, 
 David, John and Eichard Ellis, Jr. In 1826 Eeuben Herrington erected a saw- 
 mill in the same neighborhood. Eichard Phillips erected a saw-mill on Pine creek 
 about 1827. About 1833 he and Samuel Phillips established a carding machine in 
 connection with the mill. In 1839 Leonard Pfoutz erected a saw-mill and a grist-mill 
 on Pine creek at Manchester, below Ansonia. In 1831 Daily & Beecher bought out 
 Herrington. In this year also John Mathers erected a saw-mill near the Gaines 
 township line oh Pine creek. Leonard Pfoutz sold his mills to Stowell & Dickinson, 
 who, in 1833, were operating two saw-mills. In 1834 they were operating four saw- 
 mills and a grist-miU. In 1838 the firm of Mathers & Seoville was formed, and in 
 1839 Stowell & Dickinson became Stowell & Company. In 1841 the firm of Mathers 
 & Seoville was changed to John Mathers & Company, which in 1845 was succeeded by 
 Jesse Locke. In this year White & Maynard erected a gang saw-mill. The Locke 
 mills appear to have passed into the possession of Bache, Eoss & Company, who sold 
 them to Smith, Wisner & Company in 1854. In 1850 the Stowell & Company mill s 
 were transferred to Phelps, Dodge & Company, afterwards known as the Pennsyl- 
 vania Joint Land and Lumber Company, who during the next twenty years carried 
 on operations on an extensive scale. Gradually, however, but surely, the available 
 timber supply began to give out and the mills ceased operation. At the present time 
 the only mill in active operation in the township is that of E. Matson & Son, at Marsh 
 Creek, near the Delmar township line. This mill was established near the mouth of 
 Heise run, in Delmar township, in 1883, and moved to its present location in 1891. 
 It employs about thirty hands and has a capacity of 30,000 feet of lumber a day. 
 There have been no grist-mills operated in the township for over twenty years. The 
 Herrington mill was destroyed by fire, being owned at the time by Cl^arles and Horace 
 Herrington; the others ceased operations for lack of profitable patronage. 
 
472 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The early schools of the township, like those in other townships of the county, 
 were supported by subscription, the buUdings were log cabins, like the homes of the 
 settlers, and instruction was confined to an elementary knowledge of reading, writing, 
 arithmetic and spelling. After the township became more thickly settled, better 
 buildings were erected and a corresponding advance was made in the methods of 
 teaching. At the present time there are five school houses in the township. Good 
 teachers are employed and the pupils receive the benefits of the most approved 
 methods of instruction. 
 
 Since the organization of the township the office of justice of the peace has been 
 held by the following named persons: Chauncey Alford, 1837; David Ellis, 1830; 
 Joseph Aiken, 1832; Jesse E. Eay, 1833; John P. Donaldson, 1834; Daniel Holiday, 
 1835; Simeon Houghton, 1836; Levi I. Mehols, 1836; Samuel Phillips, 1841; Alvah 
 Austin, 1843; Henry Sligh, 1845; re-elected, 1850, 1856; George M. Herrington, 
 1847; Chester Ellis, 1850; Eufus Eisk, 1851; Joseph A. DarUng, 1855; re-elected^ 
 1860, 1865, 1870; Thoms Eleeney, 1865; John W. English, 1877; re-elected, 1883; 
 John A. Covert, 1878; C. 0. Brown, 1881; E. M. Keeney, 1885; Nelson Swope, 1887; 
 re-elected, 1893; J. B. Van Gelder, 1891; Clayton Butler, 1895, and E. W. Brough- 
 ton, 1897. 
 
 CHUKCHBS AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 In 1840 a frame church building was erected at Ansonia by Phelps, Dodge & 
 Company, Hon. William E. Dodge being the leading spirit in the enterprise. Mr. 
 Dodge was a Presbyterian, and in September, 1840, the building was dedicated as the 
 Presbyterian Chiirch of Manchester, that being the name applied to the place at 
 the time. It has since been more familiarly known as the "Piue Creek Church," and 
 is to-day the second oldest house of worship in the county. Though dedicated as a 
 Presbyterian church it has always been open to other Christian denominations. The 
 building was erected under the supervision of Israel Eichard, boss carpenter, who 
 followed a model furnished by the father of Hon. William E. Dodge, from a little 
 church in Connecticut. Eev. Mr. Spauldiag, of Southport, New York, officiated at 
 the dedication. Among those present were Hon. William E. Dodge and wife, and his 
 sister, Mrs. E. C. Steadman, wife of Edmund Clarence Steadman, the banker-poet. 
 She wrote a poem, inspired by the occasion and surroundings, which appeared in the 
 Tioga Eagle. In 1854 the church was repaired and re-dedicated, and again repaired 
 and re-dedicated in 1886. 'So church society seems to have been organized at 
 Ansonia. In 1843 and 1844 the members of the congregation became members of 
 the church at Wellsboro, and the Ansonia membership has since constituted a branch 
 of the Wellsboro church, the pastors of which have held stated services in the church 
 at Ansonia. Eev. Thomas Poster was supply during 1843, since which time there 
 have been but two pastors, Eev. J. P. Calkins, who came in 1844 and remained until 
 1880; and Eev. A. C. Shaw, who came in 1880, and is the present pastor. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church has a class at Ansonia that is a branch of the 
 Dexter Methodist Episcopal Church of Delmar township. For over thirty years ser- 
 vices have been held in the Presbyterian church. During the earlier years these ser- 
 vices were irregular, but for some time past they have been held once in every two 
 
SHIPPBN TOWNSHIP. 473 
 
 weeks. The pastor of the Dexter church conducts them. He has also within his 
 charge the classes at Marsh Creek, Asaph and Pine Eidge,in Shippen township, as well 
 as the church at Middle Eidge in Delmar township. These all constitute what is 
 known as the Ansonia charge. The names of the pastors will he foun 1 in the history 
 of the Dexter church, in the chapter devoted to Delmar township. 
 
 The Shippen Baptist Church was organized May 3, 1891, with the following 
 members: J. D. Webster, Mrs. Permelia Webster, B. S. English, Mrs. Eosetta 
 English, Harris Dartt, Mrs. Caroline Dartt, Mrs. Lillian Dartt, W. Harrison, Mrs. 
 Betsey Harrison, Miss Lodema Harrison, Milon Wilson, Mrs. Mary Wilson, Lemuel 
 Sherman, Mrs. Laviaa Sherman, Tile ShermaJi, Mrs. Lucinda Sherman, John Mor- 
 row, Mrs. Alta Morrow, William Hazleton, Mary Hazleton, Mrs. Dora Knowlton, 
 Miss Lydia Knowlton, Miss Olivia Jones, Miss Sjdvia Ester, Mrs. Mattie Hall, Alonzo 
 L. Bowen, Eev. W. H. Playfoot and Elijah Phillips. The following named persons 
 have served this church as pastors: Eevs. W. H. Playfoot, 1891-93; J. T. Bradford, 
 1893-95, and Eev. P. Eeynolds, who took charge June 18, 1896. Meetings are held in 
 the Shippen school house. The present membership is forty-two. There are about 
 thirty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Mrs. M. L. Hall is the superintendent. 
 The Ansonia Cemetery occupies a plot of ground adjoining that of the Presby- 
 terian church, the ground for both being acquired at the same time. Here lies the 
 remains of a number of early pioneers, among them Israel Merrick, Sr., who settled in 
 Delmar township in 1805, and died April 30, 1844, aged seventy-eight years; 
 Henry Sligh, Eeuben Herrington, Abiatha Swope and others. There are also several 
 private burying grounds in the township. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Ansonia is the name of a village situated at the junction of Marsh and Pine 
 creeks. The level area here covers several hundred acres. It is thought to have been 
 at one time the site of an Indian village, the first explorers finding evidences of the 
 land having been cleared and cultivated some years before their coming. They gave 
 it the name of Big Meadows. It was here, in 1805, Josiah Furman settled, and soon 
 after had for neighbors a man named Mills, whose daughter he married, and Eobert 
 Steele. About 1839 Leonard Pfoutz erected a saw-mill a mile and a half below on 
 Pine creek. A few years later he was succeeded by Stowell & Dickinson, who also 
 carried on a store. The place took the name of Manchester, and the present site of 
 Ansonia, Manchester Farms, to which place Stowell & Dickinson afterwards moved 
 their store. About 1838 Phelps, Dodge & Company — otherwise known as the Joint 
 Land and Lumber Company — purchased large bodies of timber lands in Delmar and 
 Shippen townships and began lumbering operations on an extensive scale. In 1850 
 they acquired the Stowell & Dickinson mills. A company store was run at An- 
 sonia. This was closed in 1871 and the place was vdthout a store until 1883, 
 when J. P. Howe embarked in business. He was succeeded in 1884 by W. H. Thomp- 
 son, and he in 1894 by Gilbert E. Tate. Another store is carried on by J. D. Gross. 
 These constitute the mercantile enterprises of the village. In 1884 a hotel building 
 was erected by Phelps, Dodge & Company, the present landlord of which is E. J. 
 Bradley. The first hotel in the township, however, appears to have been kept by 
 John Mathers, who was assessed as a tavern keeper in 1834. About this time, also. 
 
474 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 David Ellis engaged in the business, keeping hotel for a number of years. Eeuben 
 Herrington and after him George W. Herrington kept this house. It was closed in 
 the spring of 1895, Charles Scott being the landlord at the time, and is now used as 
 a private dwelling. 
 
 A postoiSce was established in 1845, John Mathers being the first postmaster. 
 The office was named Shippen. His successors have been John Dickinson, Deroy 
 Herrington, who held the office during the Civil War; Henry Sligh, Henry Broughton 
 and George W. Herrington, who held until March 38, 1884. In 1876 the name^was 
 changed to Ansonia, in honor of Anson Phelps, of Phelps, Dodge & Company. In 
 the meantime the office had been without a permanent location. A portion of the 
 time it was at Ansonia, but as a rule the postmaster kept the office at his residence. 
 March 28, 1884, the name of the office was changed to Ebenton — ^being named for 
 Ebenezer B. Campbell, for many years a foreman for Phelps, Dodge & Company. J. P. 
 Howe was appointed postmaster, and the office located at Ansonia. He held it until 
 the fall of 1884, when W. H. Thompson took the office. His successors have been 
 T. L. Eeese, appointed August 31, 1891; Gilbert E. Tate, July 17, 1894; resigned in 
 the spring of 1896, and John D. Gross was appointed. In the spring of 1895 the 
 name Ebenton was dropped and that of Ansonia restored. 
 
 In 1884 the Pine Creek railroad was completed from Stokesdale Junction to 
 Williamsport, and a station established at Ansonia. In 1894 the Buffalo and Sus- 
 quehanna railroad was built from Galeton to Ansonia, and the Pall Brook Station was 
 moved one-fourth of a mile northeast to the junction of the two roads. This station 
 is now in charge of L. G. Davison, who acts for both companies, and is also the 
 agent of the Western Union and Postal Telegraph companies at Ansonia. 
 
 Shippen Grange, ISTo. 902, P. of H., meets at Ansonia. It was organized January 
 8, 1890, and has now a membership of nearly forty. Pine Grove Lodge, 'No. 20, P. of 
 T., organized February 36, 1896, contains over fifty members and meets at the old 
 Herrington house, west of the village. 
 
 Marsh Greek is the name of a postoffice established in 1874 with Samuel Scranton 
 as postmaster. His successors have been C. P. Gee, Bloss Holiday, C. P. Gee, a sec- 
 ond term, and E. Matson. During the incumbency of Mr. Gee the office was in Del- 
 mar township, his residence, store and saw-mill being just east of the township line. 
 The office is at present in the store of E. Matson & Company, who operate a large 
 steam saw-mill here. Morning Dawn Lodge, Ko. 61, 1. 0. G. T., meets in this village. 
 It was organized August 4, 1893, and now embraces about forty memi)ers. The P. 
 0. S. of A. have also a lodge here, with a goodly number of adherents who subscribe 
 to the principles of that order. 
 
 Asaph is the name of a postoffice established May 18, 1889, in the store of 0. S. 
 Butler near the mouth of Asaph run. Mr. Butler, who has held the office continuously 
 to the present time, established a store here in 1881. The distance between this 
 office and that of Marsh Creek is less than half a mile. Asaph is also the meetiag 
 place of two secret societies, viz: Asaph Tent, No. 183, K. 0. T. M., organized July 
 13, 1893; and Asaph Hive, ISTo. 94, L. 0. T. M., organized September 26, 1895, both 
 of which have a fair membership. 
 
CHAPTEK XXXYIII. 
 
 GAINES TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Reduction of Abea— Derivation of Name— Physical Charac- 
 teristics — Streams — Timber and Game — Population — Early Settlers 
 — Past and Present Enterprises— The Gaines Coal and Coke Company 
 — Early Schools — Physicians and Justices — Churches — Cemeteries — So- 
 cieties—Villages AND POSTOFFICES. 
 
 BY an order of the court of quarter sessions, dated December 29, 1837, the town- 
 ship of Gaines was created, its territory being taken from the western half of 
 Shippen township. In December, 1850, a strip two miles wide was taken from it 
 on the north and went to make up the township of Clymer. As now constituted, it is 
 about six miles from east to west by eight and a quarter miles from north to south 
 and contains fifty square miles. It is bounded on the north by the township of 
 Clymer, on the east by Shippen township, on the south by Elk township and on the 
 west by Potter county. It was named in honor of General Gaines, who was conspic- 
 uous in the removal of the Creek Indians during the administrations of John Quincy 
 'Adams and Andrew Jackson. 
 
 It is one of the most rugged and picturesque townships in the county. Pine 
 creek traverses it from west to east, and divides it into two parts, that on the north 
 being a trifle the larger. During its passage through the township, this creek re- 
 ceives the water of a number of branch streams. On the north are Phoenix creek, 
 near the Potter county line; Long run, which rises in Clymer township and has its 
 confluence at Gaiaes; Shim Hollow run, which empties in at Manhattan, and Mill run 
 which empties in at Frumantown. On the south are Elk run, which empties in at 
 Watrous; Lick nm, which empties in near Manhattan, and Painter run, which 
 empties in between Manhattan and the Shippen township liae. The branches 
 of Long run are Blue run and Benn Gully run on the east and Gal run on the west. 
 All these brooks and runs flow through narrow valleys, lined by mountains that rise 
 to a height of 600 to 900 feet. While they add to the picturesqueness of the scenery 
 of the township, they greatly limit its tillable area, and compel its farmers to cultivate 
 the steep hillsides as well as the restricted valleys, in an effort to utilize as much of 
 their land as possible. 
 
 When first settled the township was heavily timbered, pine and hemlock predom- 
 inating. This has about all disappeared, having been either sawed into lumber within 
 the township or rafted in the form of logs down Pine creek to Williamsport and be- 
 yond. Its many cleax streams and its rugged mountains made this township a 
 veritable paradise for the himter and the fisherman, and during a week's tour among 
 its oldest citizens enough material could be collected to make a good-sized book of 
 hunting and fishing anecdotes, incidents and adventures. There are men alive to-day 
 
476 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 who tell of catching trout by the bucketfull, of killing hundreds of hears and thous- 
 ands of deer and wolves, and of passing through innumerable thrilling adventures 
 and hair-breadth escapes from death. Like the pine and the hemlock, the bear, the 
 ■wolf and the deer have disappeared, and the trout are only to be found in a few se- 
 cluded spots. 
 
 The township has grown slowly but steadily, the most marked increase in popu- 
 lation being between 1880 and 1890. In 1840 it had 215 inhabitants; in 1880, 508, 
 and in 1890, 1187. 
 
 EAKLY SETTLEES. 
 
 About 1804 a party of hunters found their way up the Piae Creek valley above 
 the mouth of Marsh creek. .One of these was William Furman, of Sunbury, ITorthum- 
 berland county, Pennsylvania. So pleased was he with the country and the abundance 
 of game, that upon returning to his home he induced two of his brothers to join him 
 in making a settlement, which they did in the spring of 1805, all bringing their fami- 
 lies. Josiah, one of the brothers, settled at the mouth of Marsh creek, in Shippen 
 township. "William and the other brother, Aaron, settled on Pine creek, in the 
 eastern part of Gaines township, the place taking the name of Furmantown, which it 
 still retains. Benjamin another brother came in 1823. Aaron K. Furman, bom in 
 1819, a son of Aaron, and Martin W. Furman, born in 1839, a son of William, still 
 reside on the farms settled by their parents. Mrs. Hannah Ogden, a daughter of 
 Aaron Furman, is the oldest living person born in the township. She was bom in 
 1812. In 1811 John Phoenix, better known as Captain Phoenix, settled near the 
 Potter county line at the mouth of the creek that bears his name. About the same 
 time a man named John Smith settled at the mouth of Long run. A number of 
 Indians were still to be found here and there along the stream. They were friendly 
 and mingled freely with the settlers until the breaking out of the War of 1812, when 
 they disappeared. Thinking they had gone to join the British and were likely at any 
 time to return with other than friendly intentions, the settlers felt considerable 
 alarm. A few did return after the war, but finding they had lost the confidence and 
 friendship of the settlers, soon disappeared. John Persing, a native of Northumber- 
 land county, and a soldier in the War of 1812, came in 1814 in a canoe from Williams- 
 port, with his wife and one child — ^lea\dng the eldest, a son, with his grandparents— 
 and settled on the flat at Gaines village. In 1840 he removed to Hector township, 
 Potter county, returning later to pass his last years in Gaines township, dying October 
 12, 1886, aged 99 years and 14 days. A man named Fisher settled on the bottom 
 north of the road at the Long run bridge. The water waahed his cabin away, and 
 he removed to the mouth of Elk run, where he made a clearing and built a log house. 
 After living here two years he sold out to a carpenter named Frederick Tanner, who, 
 being a single man, soon sold to another newcomer, Conrad Bernauer, a native of 
 Germany. With Mr. Bernauer came his father-in-law, a Mr. Zubers, with his daugh- 
 ter, a Mrs. Miller and her baby. Mr. Zubers and his wife and Mrs. Miller's baby were 
 shortly afterwards killed by a falling tree, which crushed in the cabin during a 
 storm. John Benn who came into the county as early as 1817, built a saw-mill in 
 1835, above the mouth of Long run, on Pine creek, operating it until 1831. John 
 Blue, a native of Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, settled in 1829 on Long run, two 
 
GAINES TOWNSHIP. 477 
 
 miles south of Lansing. In 1837 Stephen B. Barnes came and settled on Pine creek. 
 In 1838 Hajris Matteson settled at Gaines, and in 1863 removed to a farm on Lick 
 run. Amos H. Ogden came in 1840 and huilt a saw-mill near Manhattan. David 
 Eexford came iato the township about the same time and became prominent as a 
 lumberman and raftsman. Daniel K. Bamhart, a cabinet-maker, came in 1841 and 
 located at Gaines. Elihu H. Faulkner came in 1845, and Alexander Matteson the fol- 
 lowing year. "William "Watrous settled on Elk run in the spring of 1847. Danforth 
 K. Marsh settled at Marshfield in 1847, and Ethan Strait in the same neighborhood 
 in 1850. These were the principal settlers during the first half of the present century. 
 There was also a transient population consisting of lumbermen, raftsmen, hunters, 
 etc., who, as a rule, made but a temporary stay. A few, however, cleared and im- 
 proved farms and in other ways assisted in the development of the township. 
 
 PAST AND PEESENT ENTBEPEISES. 
 
 Lumbering early became the leading enterprise of the township. Pine creek, 
 during high water stages, was made use of to raft logs to Williamsport and other points 
 on the Susquehanna river, while the early mills supplied the demands of an increas- 
 ing population. Large tracts of timber land were bought up and millions of feet of 
 logs cut annually, until the mountains were stripped of pine. The hemlock followed 
 next, the bark going to the tanneries and the logs to the saw-mills. There is yet left 
 a good supply of hard wood, but it is estimated thu,t the next twenty years will wit- 
 ness its disappearance, leaving the township bare of timber, except a rather scant 
 second growth. The present owners of the land are, however, making the most of its 
 tillable area, and the township contains a laxge number of intelligent and well-to-do 
 farmers.' 
 
 The first saw-mill was built in 1815 by John Smith, on Long run, just south of 
 the highway bridge, near Gaines. Capt. John Phoenix built a saw-mill in 1817 neai 
 the mouth of Phoenix run. He afterward erected a saw-mill and a grist-mill at 
 Gaines. The assessment list of 1818 shows that George Huyler owned a one-third 
 interest in a saw-mill. The name of the owner of the remaining interest does not 
 appear. Sometime previous to 1830 Aaron Furman set up a hand grist-mill on his 
 place. Its predecessor was a hominy block, consisting of a log set endwise in the 
 ground, the upper part being hollowed out. Later Mr. Furman erected a water-power 
 mill and also a saw-mill, on a small stream below his dwelling, since known as Mill 
 run. The saw-mill was sold to Col. Dudley Hewitt in 1830, who with his three 
 sons carried on extensive lumbering operations for many years. In later years this 
 mill was owned by David Eexford, who operated it until 1890. John Benn, who 
 came into the county in 1817, operated a saw-mill just below Gaines, from 1825 to 
 1831, when he became involved in debt and his property passed into the hands of 
 Silas Billings, of Knoxville. Sylvester Davy appears to have been a partner with 
 John Benn in 1836. Stephen and Simeon Babcock same into the township about 
 1830 and soon afterwards purchased the mills of Col. Dudley Hewitt. In 1831 
 John L. Phoenix, a son of Capt. John Phoenix, built a saw-mill near the Potter 
 county line. This mill was afterwards owned by Perry Smith. Mr. Phoenix later 
 built a saw-mill on Elk run, known as the C. B. Watrous mill and now dismantled. 
 Two saw-mills were also erected on Long run, above Gaines, the first by Wheaton 
 
478 HISTORY OF TIOGA OOTJITTT. 
 
 Hewitt and the second by a Mr. Tuttle. Amos H. Ogden came into the township 
 in 1840, and he and his brother, Benjamin, erected a mill near Manhattan, which 
 they operated for many years. 
 
 Silas Billings, who began lumbering operations in the township in 1831 — ^when 
 he purchased the John Benn mill property — soon became the leading lumberman 
 and real estate owner of the township. He erected numerous mills in Gaines, and 
 later in Elk township, and earned a lasting reputation as a man of enterprise and 
 untiring energy. He remained a resident of Knoxville until 1840, when he removed 
 to Elmira, 'New York, where he died in 1853. During the later years of his life 
 Mr. Billings was ably assisted in the management of his business by his son, Silas 
 X. Billings, who made himself familiar with every department of it. He not only 
 developed the interests left by his father, but added to them other large and important 
 enterprises, and became the most extensive and successful lumber operator in the 
 county. After his father's death he took up his permanent resident at Gaines, and 
 did more than any other man to forward the growth and prosperity of the village 
 and the township. He assisted in securing and keeping alive the charter for the 
 Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo railroad, and in other ways advanced the 
 material interests of the people among whom he lived and worked. He died at his 
 home in Gaines, October 13, 1879. 
 
 The first store in the township was established by Silas Billings, in connection 
 with his saw-mill; the second by Stephen Babcock, who came from Connecticut and 
 opened a store near the Purman grist-mill. He carried on business for a number 
 of years. The enterprises of more recent years will be described in that portion of 
 this chapter devoted to the various vUlages of the township. 
 
 THE GAINES COAL AND COKE COMPANY. 
 
 In 1882 John L. Sexton, of Blossburg, was employed to examine the coal deposits 
 in the northern part of the township on lands belonging to the Silas X. Billings 
 estate and to report upon the number, thickness and extent of the veins. The favor- 
 able character of Mr. Sexton's report led to the incorporation, September 20, 1882, 
 of the Gaines Coal and Coke Company, for the purpose of mining coal and other 
 minerals in the counties of Tioga and Potter. The priaeipal office of the company 
 was in Gaines, with a branch office in the city of New York. The incorporators 
 were Thomas C. Piatt, William C. Sheldon and George E. Blanchard, of New York 
 City; James E.- Jones, of Addison, Few York; Eichard G .Taylor, of Buffalo, New 
 York; Charles L. Pattison, of Elkland; Eufus H. Wombaugh, of Blossburg, and 
 James Horton, of "Westfield. The capital stock of the company was $600,000. 
 Mines were opened in the northeastern part of the township, in what is known as the 
 "Barrens," at an elevation of about 2,100 feet above tidewater, and a railroad, four 
 miles and a half long, built to connect with the Addison and Pennsylvania. A 
 company store was started and in 1883 a postoffice named Gumee established, with 
 E. H. Wombaugh as postmaster. For a few years nearly one hundred miners were 
 employed, but the coal deposits failed to prove as extensive as expected, and the force 
 was gradually decreased, until at present but fourteen men are employed. 
 
GAINES TOWNSHIP. 479 
 
 EAELT SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house in the township was a log building erected about 1813, 
 a short distance west of the present residence of Aaron K. Furman, at Furmantown. 
 Among the early teachers here were Asa Dodge, Edwin McMasters, William Drew, 
 Maria Merrick, Caroline Austin, Mary Ann Fuller, Harriet Swan, a Miss "Wilcox, 
 Betsy Eexford, Mrs. Phoebe Beecher and Julia A. Amsbry, now the wife of Aaron 
 K. Furman. About 1854 a school building was erected at Gaines, irf which Cynthia 
 Post, Mert Johnson, Miss Albina Vermilyea and Miss Mather taught. In 1854, 
 also, a school house was erected at Marshfield on the site of the present building. 
 Danforth K. Marsh was the first teacher here. As the township became settled 
 schools increased and children were given the benefit of the free school system. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 Aaron Furman was the first person to practice medicine in the township, and 
 was for many years the only physician in the Pine Creek valley west of Marsh creek. 
 His daughter-in-law, Mrs. Aaron K. Furman, has practiced medicine since 1871 and 
 is regularly enrolled under the registration laws. The first physician to locate at 
 Gaines was Dr. Cobum, who came in 1848, and practiced for several years. D. H. 
 Boyer came in 1869; J. M. DufE in 1873; Dr. Post in 1873, remaining till 1874, in 
 which year Dr. F. D. Ritter, a graduate of the University of Buffalo, located in the 
 village. He has continued practice in Gaines ever since. Dr. Luce came in 1883, 
 remaining a few years. Dr. Herbert P. Haskin came in 1893 and remained until 
 the fall of 1896. Dr. Eitter and Dr. J. Irving Bentley are the present resident 
 physicians. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 organization of the township: John B. Benn, 1840; re-elected, 1845, 1860, 1865; 
 Stephen B. Barnes, 1840; re-elected, 1845, 1850, 1855, 1860; Benjamin V. Ogden, 
 1850; re-elected, 1855; Henry Crofut, 1864; George Barker, 1868; E. M. Smith, 
 1869; re-elected, 1879, 1884, 1889, 1890, 1895; D. A. Paddock, 1873; re-elected, 
 1886; C. D. Bamhart, 1878; George Langan, 1879; A. M. Dunham, 1884; J. D. 
 Everett, 1889; re-elected, 1894, and N. W. Atwell, 1896. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The First Methodist Church of Gaines originated in a Methodist class organized 
 about 1838, the early members of which were Mrs. Aaron Furman, Benjamin and 
 Eliza Furman, John and Mrs. Benn, Benjamin and Nancy Ogden, Mrs. Hannah Ogden, 
 Mrs. Jared Davis and Mrs. Sallie Billings. Mrs. Aaron Furman was the first Methodi.st 
 in the township, and a memorial window in the church at Gaines bears an inscription 
 to that effect. Meetings were held at Furmantown, the parsonage being on the Fur- 
 man place. Among the early ministers who preached here were Eevs. Conant, Park- 
 hurst, Burnett, Vaughan and others. In 1868 a house of worship was erected, and 
 in 1883 a parsonage, both at Gaines, at a cost of $6,000. The society was incor- 
 porated in 1869. Since 1867, when Eev. G. N. Pack had charge, the following 
 ministers have served this church: Revs. T. Lesley Weaver, 1867-70; A. Compton, 
 1870-73; M. V. Briggs, 1873-74; A. B. Brame, 1874-75; P. M. Joralman, 1875-76; 
 Whiting Beach, 1876-79; Woodruff Post, 1879-80; J. W. Miller, 1880-83; A. G. 
 
480 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Cole, 1883-86; G-. H. AUett, 1886-90; S. A. Peterson, 1890-91; Cornelius Dillen- 
 beck, 1891-94; Uri Mulford, 1895; G. B. Hill, 1896, and E. D. Compton, who 
 took charge in October, 1896. There are now twenty-eight members in this 
 church, with sixty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Prank Stevens is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Marshfield, the second society in Gaines 
 township, was organized about 1850, and incorporated December 5, 1873. Among 
 the early members were David and Amanda Smith, James H. and Betsey Watrous, 
 and Ethan and Juliana Strait. The first minister was Eev. Samuel Mchols, who 
 held services once in every two weeks. This church has been in the Gaines charge 
 and has had the same pastors. A church building costing $3,300 was erected in 
 1874. The church now has thirty-five members. There is a Union Sunday-school, 
 with an average attendance of about fifty pupils. Charles Watrous is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The First Free Baptist Church of Gaines was organized March 6, 1860, at the 
 Eed school house on Elk run. Among the early members wea^e Joseph Sauter, John 
 Waldon, Piatt H. Crofut, Joshua Bemauer, I. Champney, V. E. Champney, PoUy 
 Crofut, Maliada Knowlton, C. M. Champney, Malinda Barnes, Mary E. Bemauer 
 and Delphina Carsaw. The names of the pastors are as follows: Eevs. D. Stiles, 
 1861; P. G. Stevens, 1870; Selden Butler, 1878; E. Dormacker, 1885; A. E. Cox, 
 1885; J. W. Kjelgaard, 1886; H. "WTiitcher, 1889; W.. S. Smith, 1890; J. W. 
 Kjelgaard, 1895; J. N". Lyon, 1896. A church edifice, costing $1,600, was erected 
 at Marshfield in 1870, and the society incorporated. The church now numbers 
 seventy-five members. The young people attend the Union Sunday-school. 
 
 CEMETEEIBS. 
 
 The old Phoenix graveyard, near the mouth of Phoenix creek, has been 
 used as a burying ground for a great many years. A short distance above the mouth 
 of Elk run is the old Watrous family burying ground. The Larrison family burial 
 ground near Davis Station, ia the northern part of the tovraship, has been used as 
 a public burial place for some years. 
 
 The BrooJcside Cemetery Association was incorporated June 9, 1893, by David 
 Eexf ord, George P. Ogden, Eeuben H. Housberger, H. E. Whittaker and Aaron K. 
 Eurman. This cemetery is situated near the David Eexford place, in the eastern 
 part of the township, and is the old Purmantown burying ground. 
 
 The Elk Run Cemetery Association of Gaines was incorporated July 8, 1887, 
 the incorporators being J. D. Strait, E. M. Smith, D. K. Marsh, J. H. Wood and J. 
 Hubers. The cemetery owned and managed by this association is situated at 
 Marshfield. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The first secret society organized in Gaines township was Tyadaghton Lodge, 
 No. 981, I. 0. 0. P., November 18, 1881. In 1890 it purchased the building at 
 Gaines now used as a lodge room, which cost, with repairs, about $1,600. This lodge 
 has a membership of thirty, and has $3,000 in its treasury. Gaines Encampment, 
 No. 314, was organized August 4, 1893, with forty-three members, which has since 
 been increased to sixty. It uses the same hall as Tyadaghton Lodge. Marshfield Grange, 
 
-c^ 
 
GAINES TOWNSHir. 481 
 
 No. 1113, p. of H., comes next in the order of time, having been organized August 
 14, 1894. In 1895 it erected a grange hall at Marshfield, 23x48 feet, and two stories 
 high. This grange contains about eighty members and is in a flourishing condition. 
 Marshfield Lodge, No. 130, I. 0. Q. T., meets in the grange hall at Marshfield. 
 It was organized May 15, 1895, and now numbers about sixty members. Gaines 
 Tent, No. 224, K. 0. T. M., meets at Gaines village, where it was organized December 
 23, 1895, with twenty members, but has since grown rapidly. Gaines Hive, No. 
 96, L. 0. T. M., organized January 16, 1896, at Gaines, has a membership of about 
 twenty. These several societies assist in the social development of the township 
 and furnish an opportunity for its people to help one another. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOEFICES. 
 
 The village of Gaines is situated north of Pine creek, a short distance above the 
 mouth of Long run, on a bench or plateau overlooking the valley. It is near the 
 center of the township and is in the midst of picturesque surroundings. In 1848 
 Benjamin Barse built a hotel here, which he conducted until 1855, when he leased it 
 to Horace C. Vermilyea. In 1860 Mr.'Vermilyea built the Izaak Walton House on the 
 site of the present Vermilyea Hotel. It became a noted resort for himters and 
 fisherman. He kept it until his death in 1878, when he was succeeded by his son, 
 William H. Vermilyea. In 1889 the hotel was destroyed by fire, and Mr. Vermilyea 
 proceeded at once to rebuild, erecting on the same site one of the finest and most 
 complete hotels in the county. On July 7, 1894, Mr. Vermilyea was accidentally 
 killed. His widow has recently leased the property to W. L. Herron. 
 
 The first postoffice in the township was established in 1855, the postmaster being 
 William GriflBn, who resided at Purmantown. In 1857 the office was moved to 
 Gaines and John H. Bolt appointed postmaster. He was succeeded in 1861 by 
 Horace C. Vermilyea, who held the office until his death in 1878. His widow, 
 Mrs. IT. A. Vermilyea, was then appointed, and contiaued to hold the office until 
 1882, when Dr. P. D. Ritter succeeded her, holding it until 1887, when Mrs. 
 Vermilyea was again appointed. She was succeeded by R. T. Martin, the present 
 incumbent. 
 
 The first store was erected in 1854 by A. P. Cone, of Wellsboro. The second 
 soon afterward by Silas X. Billings. A school house was built in 1854 and the 
 Methodist Episcopal church in 1868. About 1865 Daniel K. Barnhart established 
 a wood-working shop in the village, which he sold some years later to Henry Book- 
 miller. Mr. Bookmiller came to Gaines in 1883, and established a planing-mill and 
 also engaged in the furniture and undertaking business. To these enterprises he 
 later added a grist-mill. He also manufactured cabinet ware and builders' supplies. 
 In 1882 the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad was completed to Galeton and in 
 1894 the BufEalb and Susquehanna extended its line to Ansonia in Shippen town- 
 ship. This gives the village the benefit of two lines of railway. Within the past 
 ten years it has grown steadily and is a wide-awake and enterprising place. 
 
 Marshfield, named in honor of Danforth K. Marsh, who settled on its site in 
 1847, is situated on Elk run, about two miles and a half above its mouth. A post- 
 office was established here in 1860, and Mr. Marsh appointed postmaster. He has 
 held the office without interruption for over thirty-six years and is one of the oldest 
 
482 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 postmasters in years of eontinuous service in the United States. In 1867 Mr. Marsh 
 opened the first store in the place. In 1885 DeWitt Smith started another store, 
 which was afterwards run by George and Charles Frick, and later by W. H. Brownell. 
 In 1895 it closed, leaving Mr. Marsh the only merchant in the place. The village 
 now contains two churches, a school house, a grange hall and a blacksmith shop, 
 the latter carried on by N. L. Hanscom. 
 
 Watrous is an enterprising little place at the mouth of Elk run. It was laid 
 out in January, 1895, and already contains a school house costing $1,100, two stores 
 and a hotel, and besides a large steam saw-mill, and a hardwood flooring, saw and 
 finishing mill. The saw-mill is owned by W. & C. B. Watrous, but is operated by 
 Harvey & Sullivan, who are sawing hemlock lumber under contract for P. H. & C. 
 W. Goodyear. They employ forty hands and the mill is run day and night. The 
 Maple, Birch and Beech Flooring Company operate a plant employing thirty men, 
 consisting of a steam saw-mill, planing-mill and dry kiln. The annual production 
 is 4,500,000 feet of lumber, 3,000,000 of which is dressed as flooring. The main 
 office of the company is in Eochester, ISTew York. The mills are in charge of C. 
 T. Cooke. There are two general stores in the village, both of which do a fair 
 trade. Water is piped from a spring on the hillside west of Elk run, giving the 
 village the benefit of pure water. There are now about forty houses in the place, 
 and an effort to secure a postoffice is being made. 
 
 Manhattan is situated two miles east of Gaines, on Pine creek. This little 
 village has grown up around the tannery, and its residents are principally tannery 
 employes and their families. The tannery was established here in 1870 by Prank 
 Cook. In 1876 it became the property of Silas X. Billings. In 1881 E. McCol- 
 lough & Company assumed control. In May, 1893, it fell into the hands of the 
 Union Tanning Company. It has a capacity of 350 sides of sole leather a day. 
 Fifty men are employed and nearly 8,000 tons of bark used annually. A post- 
 office was established here in 1891. It is located in the store of Shaut & Company. 
 The present postmaster is J. C. Gilbert. 
 
 Ournee is the name of a postoffice at the mines of the Gaines Coal and Coke 
 Company in the northern part of the township. The office, which is in the com- 
 pan/s store, was established in 1883. The present postmaster, Patrick Smith, was 
 appointed in April, 1893. He has also charge of the mines and store. The mines 
 were opened in March, 1883, and for a time a large force of miners were employed. 
 At present there are but fourteen men at work. It is expected the mines will be 
 worked out within a year. A line of railroad four and a half miles long connects 
 these mines with the Addison and Pennsylvania. 
 
CHAPTEE XXXIX. 
 
 ELK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Okganization— Boundaries and Aeba— Mountains and Steeams— Timber— Popu- 
 lation— Early Settlers— Industrial Enterprises— Schools and Churches 
 — Justices of the Peace— Villages. 
 
 ELK township -was organized in February, 1856, and was taken from Delmar 
 and Morris townships. It is the southwestern township of the county, and 
 is bounded on the north by Gaines and Shippen; on the east by Delmar and Morris; 
 on the south by Lycoming county, and on the west by Potter county. It is seven and 
 one-half miles from east to west by ten and one-half miles from north to south, and 
 contains nearly eighty square miles. The greater portion of its surface is a series 
 of mountains and ravines, and there is but little tillable land in the township, com- 
 pared to its area. As a consequence, it is but spaxsely settled, its agricultural popu- 
 lation being confined to the northern part. When first settled it was covered with 
 a heavy growth of pine, hemlock and hard wood. Fifty years of extensive lumber- 
 ing operations have greatly depleted this forest growth, a considerable portion of 
 which has been converted into lumber in the mills operated in the township, but 
 much the greater part has gone down Pine and Kettle creeks to mills on the Susque- 
 hanna. The scenery of the township is picturesque, the mountains rising sharply 
 from the sides of the clear streams that, as branches of Pine creek, Elk run and 
 Kettle creek, break its surface up into numerous narrow, gorge-like ravines. The 
 principal of these streams is Cedar run, a rapid-flowing stream, having its source near 
 the centre of the township. It flows through a narrow ravine, the mountains on 
 either side rising to a height of 800 to 1,000 feet. This stream unites with Pine creek 
 at Cedar Eun, Lycoming county. Kettle creek rises in the northwestern part of 
 the township and flows southwest into Potter county. Elk run rises in the northern 
 part of the township and flows northwest into Gaines township. Several smaller 
 streams rise in the southern part of the township and flow into Lycoming county. 
 
 In November, 1856, there were thirty-one resident taxables in the township, 
 fourteen of whom were laborers. In 1870 the census returns showed a population 
 of 172; in 1880, 470, and in 1890, 693. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 In 1847 Silas Billings erected a steam saw-mill near the head of Cedar run, and 
 around it built a number of houses for his employes. This place took the name of 
 "Lungerville." The flrst permanent settler — ^the first man who came into the town- 
 ship with a view to establishing a home and cultivating the soil — ^was John Maynard, 
 who, in 1853, purchased and located upon 500 acres of wild land in the northwestern 
 part of the township. Here he cleared the farm upon which his son Eeuben now 
 resides. In February, 1856, when the township was organized, the actual settlers 
 
484 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COXJNTY. 
 
 were John Maynard, George Maynard, Loren Wetmore, John B. Smith, Jehial 
 Beach, Homer Euggles, D. W. Euggles, Benjamin Freyer, James F. Weseott, Jason 
 Smith and G. W. Howd, who were all located in the northwestern part of the town- 
 ship, near the Maynai'd and Sehanbacher school houses. In this year, also, Fred- 
 erick Zimmerman settled in the township. Frank Pm-hen settled about 1862; Henry 
 Hubers came about the same time; Carl Walpers, in 1863; Francis Schramm, in 
 1864; Peter B. Champaign and Henry Brecher, in 1867; Charles H. West, in 1868; 
 Alexander Kherley and William E. Eumsey, in 1869, and Hiram L. Colegrove, in 
 1872. The settlers all located in the northern part of the township, where with 
 patient industry they cleared away the forest, built homes for themselves and- their 
 families, planted fields and orchards, established schools and in other ways promoted 
 the development of that section of the township. 
 
 INDUSTEIAL ENTEBPEISES. 
 
 Ever since the building of the first saw-mill in 1847 on Cedar run by Silas 
 Billings, lumbering has formed the leading enterprise of the township. Much of 
 the pine and hemlock has been converted into lumber by saw-mills established 
 within the township limits, but more has been floated in the log to Williamsport 
 and beyond. The timber in the vicinity of the streams went first, and the moun- 
 tains were soon stripped bare from base to summit. The leading spirit was Silas 
 Billings, an early settler at Knoxville, and later an extensive lumber operator in 
 Gaines. Mr. Billings purchased the greater part of the timber land of the town- 
 ship, and with characteristic energy set about converting the timber growth into 
 logs and lumber. His mill on Cedar run, established in 1847, was the first one in 
 the township. He continued operations here until his death in 1853. In order to 
 get the product of his mill to Pine creek, he built a plank road to the mouth of 
 Cedar run. Soon after the completion of this road he sold a large quantity of 
 standing timber to parties in Williamsport who were connected with the Boom 
 Company. In 1878 his son, Silas X. Billings, who succeeded his father on the death 
 of the latter, sold the hemlock bark on 20,000 acres to Lee & Company, of Nos. 20 
 and 22, Ferry street. New York City. 
 
 The Cedar Bun Tannery, at Leetonia, was established in 1879 by W. Creighton 
 Lee. Ground was broken in the spring and the tanning of leather begun on Sep- 
 tember 1. The massive and heavy machinery had to be hauled from Stokesdale and 
 Wellsboro, with teams, over roads that made the work both dangerous and difficult. 
 It was, however, successfully accomplished. Houses for employes were also built 
 and a village established, which soon had a population of between 200 and 300 
 inhabitants. May 1, 1893, the tannery passed into the control of the Union Tanning 
 Company, and is one of the large number of tanneries operated by that corporation 
 in northern Pennsylvania. When operated to its full capacity this tannery gives 
 employment to eighty men and turns out 450 sides of sole leather a day. The super- 
 intendent is James L. Snyder and the foreman Eobert Thompson. 
 
 E. S. & W. B. Christian have operated since the fall of 1895 a saw-mill on Cedar 
 run, above Leetonia. This mill is devoted to getting out hard wood lumber and 
 timber. 
 
ELK TOWNSHIP. 435 
 
 SCHOOLS AND CHUECHES. 
 
 What is known as the Maynard school, in the northwestern part of the town- 
 ship, was the first school established, the first teacher being Miss Marion A. Wat- 
 roiis. Among the early teachers in this and the other schools of the township were 
 Martha Dennison, Mary Kelley, Selana Hart, Carrie Wilcox, Albina Vennilyea, Nora 
 Dartt, Phoebe Wetmore, Amsi Strait, Florence Noyes and Emily Merrick. Miss 
 May Herrington was an early teacher at Leetonia, where a neat school building was 
 erected soon after the establishment of the tannery. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Leetonia was organized in 1879, the first 
 pastor being F. C. Thompson. His successors have been S. A. Brace, J. C. Stevens, 
 W. Beach, C. D. Eowley, J. C. Ferrell, John Irons, Eev. Bursh, A. T. Percy and G. 
 W. Doan. The church has no pastor at present. A Sunday-school is maintained 
 with Miss Stella Tate as superintendent. The society worships in the public school 
 building. 
 
 North Elk Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in April, 1895, with the 
 following members: Frederick -Schanbacher, William F. Schanbacher, J. H. Hubers, 
 Mrs. Mary S. Hubers, P. H. Hubers, Miss E. Sophia Hubers, Mrs. Sarah S. Cham- 
 paign, Mrs. Kate Eeinwald, Frederick H. Eeinwald, I. C. Zimmerman and William 
 Anderson. The first pastor was Eev. Uri Mulford. The present pastor is Eev. A. 
 C. Hill. There are now eleven members. Meetings are held in the Schanbacher 
 school house, a class having met here for many years previous to the organization 
 of the church. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 The first elections in the township were held at the house of Homer Euggles, and 
 later at the Schanbacher and Maynaxd school houses. The present voting place is at 
 Leetonia. The office of justice of the peace has been filled by the following named 
 persons: John Maynaxd, 1861; re-elected, 1866, 1871, 1876; John E. Smith, 1862; 
 Loren Wetmore, 1868; John F. Schanbacher, 1873; J. H. Hubers, 1876; re-elected, 
 1881; Oscar K. Brown, 1881; George E. Maynard, 1884; Edward Peters, 1888; 
 Joseph Gorton, 1891; re-elected, 1892; F. E. Bradley, 1894. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Leetonia is the name of a village that sprung up in 1879 around the Cedar Eun 
 Tannery. It is situated on Cedar run, seven miles above its mouth. The Cedar run 
 valley at this point is quite narrow and the dwellings of the tannery employes are 
 ranged along the hillsides. Besides the tannery, the place contains a store, formerly 
 carried on by the tannery company, but since May 1, 1893, by Shaut & Company; a 
 public school building, and Methodist Episcopal church society, which worships in 
 the school building.. The postoffice — named Leetonia — was established in 1879. 
 H. H. Tenbrook was the first postmaster. Plis successors have been James F. Palen, 
 Eobert Thompson and the present incumbent, James L. Snyder. 
 
 Malone was the name of the first postoffice established in the township, the 
 postmaster being Loren Wetmore. It was soon discontinued, since which time the 
 residents of the southwestern part of the township get their mail at Maxshfield, in 
 Gaines township. 
 
CHAPTEK XL. 
 
 MOKEIS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Okganization— Reductions of akea -Physical Chaeactebistics— Timber and 
 Coal— Streams— Railroads— Population— PioNEEK Settlement— Mills and 
 Other Enterprises — Schools — Physicians and Justices — Churches— 
 Societies— Villages and Postofpices. 
 
 MOEEIS township was organized in September, 1824, and was taken from 
 Delmar. As originally constituted it extended to the Potter county line, 
 and embraced the greater portion of the present township of Elk, which was organ- 
 ized in 1856. In December, 1873, a strip nearly a. mile in width from north to 
 to south by three miles iu length from east to west, was taken from it on the north 
 to make a portion of the area of the new township of Duncan. It is nearly thirteen 
 miles from east to westj has an average width from north to south of about five 
 miles, and contains about sixty-five square miles. The general surface of the town- 
 ship is mountainous, the hills being steep and high and the valleys narrow and 
 restricted. This is especially true of all that portion lying west of a line drawn 
 north and south through Hoytville. The cultivable area is confined to the uplands 
 in the southeastern part and to the valleys of Pine creek, and to those of Babb's creek 
 and its tributaries. The farming area in the southeastern part of the township is, 
 however, noticeable for its well improved farms and prosperous farmers, the soil 
 being rich and productive. The mountainous area is wild and picturesque, and is 
 still the scene of active lumberiug operations, though the timber supply is about 
 exhausted. The general upland level of the township is from 1,000 to 1,200 feet 
 higher than the mouth of Babb's creek, which unites with Pine creek at Blackwells, 
 at which point the elevation is 833 feet above tidewater. 
 
 The streams of the township are Pine creek, Babb's creek. Stony Fork creek, 
 Wilson creek, Dixe's run and Zimmerman's run. Pine creek pursues a southeasterly 
 course through the western part of the township to Blackwells, where it turns 
 southwest and crosses the Lycoming county line about a mile below. Its valley 
 is deep and narrow, the mountains on either side rising almost precipitously to a 
 height of a thousand feet. The portion of the township lying west of the valley 
 of this stream is uninhabited, as is also the greater portion of the township lying 
 between it and Stony Fork creek, north of the Babb's creek vaUey. Babb's creek, 
 a tributary of Pine creek, rises in the southeastern part of Charleston township, 
 flows southeast to the Duncan township line, where it turns south and a few miles 
 further on southwest, which latter course it pursues through Morris township to its 
 junction with Pine creek at Blackwells. It receives as tributaries Wilson creek 
 and Stony Fork creek from the north; Dixe's run and several smaller streams 
 
MOEEIS TOWNSHIP. 487 
 
 from the south. It and its tributaries are, in times of high water, turbulent streams. 
 The northeastern portion of the township lies within the Blossburg coal basin, most 
 of the coal land being the property of the Fall Brook Coal Company, now operating 
 the mines at Antrim. 
 
 The valley of Pine creek is traversed by the Pine Creek railroad, completed ia 
 1884, and operated by the Fall Brook Eailroad Company. The Amot and Pine 
 Creek railroad, completed from Arnot to Hoytville in 1883, is now operated by the 
 Erie. It connects with the Tioga railroad at Blossburg. 
 
 During the earlier years of the township's history its principal industry was 
 lumbering, and its population was largely transient and shifting. The census of 
 1840 showed only 120 inhabitants. In 1870 there were 433; in 1880, 633, and in 
 1890, 1,849, 560 of which were credited to the village of Hoytville. 
 
 PIONEEE SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Samson Babb, a native of Wilmington, Delaware, was the first settler of the 
 township. He came in 1800 and located on Babb's creek — named for him — on the 
 site of the present village of Morris, near the mouth of Wilson creek. He had pre- 
 viously purchased from the Pine Creek Land Company a tract of 450 acres of heavily- 
 timbered land, known as "Icassa." Here, as early as 1806, he erected a water-power 
 saw-mill. He was largely instrumental in getting a State road built from Williams- 
 port up the Pine creek and Babb's creek valleys to Wellsboro. He was appointed 
 a justice of the peace in 1813, and held the office until his death, in October, 1815. 
 
 The next permanent settlement was made at the mouth of Babb's creek, on the 
 site of the present village of Blackwells, by Enoch Blackwell, Sr., in 1811. When he 
 came on to the land he found it occupied by A. P. Harris and George Bonnell, but 
 as they had secured no title he found no difficulty in obtaining possession. Mr. 
 Blackwell came from Haven Parish, Gloucestershire, England, in 1805, and was 
 one of a colony from that parish who established the "English Settlement" in Pine 
 township, Lycoming county. Like most of the colonists, he became dissatisfied 
 with the location, and afterwards exchanged his lands for a tract of 1,200 acres of 
 fine timber land on Pine creek, above and below the mouth of Babb's creek. After 
 securing possession he devoted himself to getting out and rafting square pine timber 
 down Pine creek, and seems to have prospered in that line of effo;rt. He died at 
 Jersey Shore in the spring of 1816, aged about sixty-five years, and was buried in 
 the old Pine Creek burying ground. In 1817 his son, William, removed to the mouth 
 of Babb's creek, and became the founder of the village of Blackwells. He died 
 December 6, 1859, aged seventy years, and lies buried in the cemetery about a mile 
 up Babb's creek. 
 
 Owing to its rugged character, the township settled slowlj', so that when it was 
 organized in 1834 there were but eighteen taxables within its boundaries. Their 
 names are as follows: William Babb, Jacob Babb, William Blackwell, Nathan 
 Broughton, who came about 1830; Samuel, Eobert and John Campbell, who came 
 about 1831; William Diggins, who came in 1833; Charles and Terence Duffy, 
 Mary Landis, and Jacob and William Emmick, who came about 1833; Samuel M. 
 Harrison, the first school teacher in the township, who came in 1819; Eobert and 
 
488 HISTOEY OE TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 C. Willammee and Jacob Warren, who came in 1834. Thomas Lloyd, Jacob Valen- 
 tine and Sylvester "Webster, "single freemen," were residing in the township in 1834. 
 
 MILLS AND OTHER ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The first Raw- mil] ia the township was erected by Samson Babb, in 1806, on 
 Babb's creek, near the site of the present mill of the Blossburg Coal Company, in 
 Morris. Like all early mills it was a water-mill and was run by a flutter-wheel. 
 The lumber sawed during the first year of the mill's existence was floated down 
 Babb's creek to its mouth, the intention being to raft it down Pine creek to the 
 Susquehanna. A sudden flood, however, swept it away. After Mr. Babb's death 
 in October, 1815, the mill became the property of his son, William Babb, who 
 operated it continuously until 1833, when it appears to have been diseontiuued. 
 In 1831 he resumed operations again, continuing uninterruptedly until 1858. 
 
 In 1835 a saw-mill and a grist-mill were built on Babb's creek just above the 
 village of Blackwells. The owner was Mary Landis, who was assisted in operating 
 the mills by her cousins, Charles and Terence Duffy. In 1835 the saw-mill became 
 the property of James Duffy, who also acquired the grist-mill in 1839. He con- 
 tinued as sole owner until 1854, when the firm of James Duffy & Brothers was organ- 
 ized. In 1865 they were succeeded by John H. Humes, and he in 1870 by W. C. 
 GiUespie. In 1874 he was succeeded by Gillespie & Company. The next owners 
 were W. Walters & Son, who sold the property in the spring of 1896 to E. J. Prank- 
 ILq. The saw-mill was washed away in the June flood of 1889, and has not been 
 rebuilt. The grist-mill, which has two-run of buhrs, has been recently repaired. 
 
 Another early saw-mill was erected on Babb's creek in 1836 by Jacob Emmick. 
 In 1839 he sold it to Eobert Archer, who, in 1840, associated with himself H. S. and 
 Stephen Archer, and they carried on the enterprise for twenty years, enlarging it 
 about 1843 to a double mill. Among other early mUl owners and operators were 
 Alexander and James Porsythe, Samuel Forsythe, Horace Williston, Merrils & Com- 
 pany and Job Doane. Mr. Doane erected a mill about 1848, on Babb's creek, at 
 the mouth of Stony Fork. This mill he operated for nearly forty years. After his 
 death his son, P. E. Doane, operated it until it was washed away by the June flood 
 of 1889. In 1890 it was replaced by a steam-mill built on higher ground. 
 
 In 1859 Nelson Root erected a saw-mill in the eastern part of the township 
 near Nauvoo. It was a water-power mill. He was succeeded as owner by James 
 W. Childs, and he by Robert Custard. The present owner is James Dinnison, who 
 purchased the property in 1869. In 1889 the mill was washed away, but was 
 rebuilt. In 1893 Mr. Dinnison fitted up the old woolen factory as a grist-mill, 
 for the grindiug of buckwheat and feed. The roller process is used. A woolen 
 factory was started in the building by Robert Custard in 1869, and operated by him 
 and James Custard for about fifteen years. 
 
 At the present time the saw-mills in active operation are the steam-mill of P. E. 
 Doane, on Babb's creek, near the mouth of Stony Pork creek; the steam-mill of 
 Lafayette English, on Dixe's run; the steam-mill of the Blossburg Coal Mining Com- 
 pany, at Morris, and the water-mill of James Dinnison near Nauvoo. In addition to 
 the manufacture of lumber, large quantities of hemlock bark are gotten out each year. 
 
MORRIS TOWNSHIP. 489 
 
 This is used by the Brunswick tannery, which is fully described in the portion of 
 this chapter devoted to the ^dllage of Hoytville. 
 
 SCHOOIiS. 
 
 The first school was taught about 1831 by Samuel M. Harrison in a log building 
 on Pine creek, below Blackwells, near the county line. It is said it was built for 
 a meeting house, and there is a difference of opinion among the persons living at 
 Blackwells as to whether it stood on the Tioga or Lycoming side of the county 
 line. About 1833 a school house was erected on Babb's creek about a mile above 
 Blackwells. It was a log structure with a slab roof. Among the early teachers 
 here were Nancy Clark, Samuel M. Harrison, Lyman "Wallbridge and a Dr. Eogers. 
 Another early school was erected near the present store of Thomas J. Birmingham, 
 in Morris. James "W. Lewis, Samuel M. Harrison and Jacob Babb were early 
 teachers here. A public school building was erected about 1840 just below the 
 Hoytville tannery. The Doane school house near the mouth of Stony Fork creek 
 is one of the earlier school houses of the township, which now has thirteen schools, 
 includiag a graded school in the village of Morris. There is an average in the several 
 districts of six months' school each year. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 About 1850 E. H. Archer, a mill owner and lumberman, began the practice of 
 medicine in the township, continuing for several years. In 1865 Dr. William 
 Blackwell, who had previously practiced in the United States hospital attached to 
 the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, opened an office at Blackwells, and 
 is still in active practice. In 1883 Dr. J. B. McCloskey located at Morris, where he 
 continued in practice until 1890. In 1890 Henry Mathews, the "Indian Doctor," 
 who practiced under the name of James McCoshaway, located at Blackwells. He 
 died in 1895. Dr. S. "W. Sine came in 1889 and remained until 1896. Dr. E. P. 
 Eobinson, who purchased the drug store of W. B. Kerr, and located in Morris in 
 1891, and Dr. C. C. Gentry, who came in 1894, are the resident physicians. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace of the town- 
 ship: Samson Babb — appointed January 7, 1808, while the township was yet a part 
 of Delmar; Jacob Babb, 1836; Lucius Barto, 1837; David Ellis, 1830; Joseph Aiken, 
 1833; Jesse E. Eay, 1833; John P. Donaldson, 1834; Daniel Holiday, 1835; Simeon 
 Houghton, 1835; Levi I. Nichols, 1836; Samuel Harrison, 1841; James H. Lewis, 
 1843; Daniel Doane, 1850; Henry S. Archer, 1854; Eichard Childs, 1858; Job 
 Doane, 1859; re-elected, 1864, 1869, 1874 and 1879; Edwin Gregory, 1864; Eobert 
 Custard, 1869; Eobert Custard, Jr., 1874; John Haggerty, 1877; re-elected, 1883; 
 C. W. Beardsley, 1884; W. W. Seaman, 1886; D. "W. Eeynard, 1888; re-elected, 
 1893; Jeremiah Desmond, 1891; E. G. Comstock, 1896. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Blackwells dates the beginning of its history 
 to a class organized about 1859, the original members of which were Samuel M. 
 Harrison, Betsey Lloyd, Samuel Campbell, Sarah Blackwell, Eobert Wilson, Mary 
 E. Blackwell, Maria Earnest and Warren Lewis. Meetings were held in the school 
 house until 1893, when a new house of worship was erected. This church was origin- 
 
490 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ally in the Liberty charge and later in the Hoytville charge. In 1895 it was con- 
 stituted a separate charge, including also the Dixe's Bun church, the Mt. Pleasant 
 church and the church at Oregon Hill. The first pastor was W. E. Buckingham, 
 whose successors have been as follows: Ecys. N. Shaffer, 1859-60; James Hunter, 
 1861-63; P. B. Bush, 1864; E. E. Kelley, 1865; M. L. Dunn, 1866-67; Elisha 
 Shoemaker, 1868; E. H. Colburn, 1869; Levi G. Heck, 1870; E. M. Chilcoat, 1871-72; 
 J. E. Craig, 1873; A. C. Crossthwaite, 1874; Isaiah Edwards, 1875; H. S. Lundy, 
 1876-78; J. P. Long, 1879; I. A. Patton, 1880-81; J. F. Glass, 1882; W. H. Bowden, 
 1883-84; G. E. King, 1885-87; 0. G. Heck, 1888-90; Eiehard Brooks, 1891; J. E. 
 Weeks, 1891-94; J. W. Leach, 1895; D. M. Grover, 1896. This church now numbers 
 forty-two members. There are forty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which E. 
 J. Mattoon is superintendent. 
 
 Hoytville Methodist Episcopal Church is the outgrowth of a class organized in 
 1861. Early meetings were held in school houses. In 1883 a house of worship was 
 erected costing $2,000. A parsonage costing $1,000 was erected in 1888. This 
 church was in the Liberty charge when organized. In 1888 it became a station hav- 
 ing a resident minister. The pastors of the church have been Eevs. W. H. Bowden, 
 1883-84; George E. King, 1885-87; 0. G. Heck, 1888-90; Eiehard Brooks, 1891-92; 
 J. E. Weeks, 1892-95; T. A. Elliott, 1896. This church now numbers 112 members, 
 and the Sunday-school, of which S. T. Darby is the superintendent, has over 120 
 pupils. 
 
 The Mt. Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church was organized with the following 
 members: Chauncey Brud, Frank Briggs and wife, H. Briggs and wife, James 
 Briggs and wife, Hiram Mattoon, and Lyman Graham and wife. A church 
 building was erected in 1893 costing $1,800. The church now numbers twenty-five 
 members. There are thirty-five pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Wesley Em- 
 mick is the superintendent. Mt. Pleasant is in the Blackwell charge. 
 
 Dixe's Run Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1892, with the follow- 
 ing members: James, Maria E., Alfred D., Lottie, Charles B, and Maria P. Black- 
 well; Michael, Catharine D., Eobert and Henry Campbell; Charles, Ida, Leslie and 
 Violette Merrick; Hiram, Anon and George Johnson; James Ashmay, Lafayette 
 and Lucinda Broughton and Henry and Lydia Hatfield. This society has no house 
 of worship. It meets in the Dixe's Eim school house and is in the Blackwell charge. 
 
 The Plank School House Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1888, in 
 the eastern part of the township, with twenty members. In 1896 a frame church 
 building costing $1,000 was erected. A good Sunday-school with forty-five pupils 
 is maintained. Warren Lewis is the superintndent. This church is in the Liberty 
 charge. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Morris was organized August 23, 1870. The fol- 
 lowing named persons constituted the original membership: Warren Lewis, William 
 Ayers, J. E. Webster, Ambrose DufEey, Eli Love, Nancy Lewis, Elizabeth Duffey, 
 Alsina Webster, Sarah E. Love, C. Herd, Orpha Ayers and Elizabeth Emmiek. Eev. 
 Mr. Thomas was pastor of this church during the first year of its existence, since which 
 time it has been served by Eev. WilHam Young, also pastor of the church at Austin. 
 The earlier meetings were held in the Mt. Pleasant school house. A neat, frame 
 building costing $1,000 was dedicated May 3, 1896. It is two miles and a half 
 
MOEEIS TOWNSHIP. 491 
 
 southwest of Morris. The present membership numbers thirty. There are about 
 forty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Lafayette English is superintendent. 
 
 The Church of the Sacred Heart — Catholic — was organized in 1883, and in 1884 
 a house of worship costing $6,000 was erected near the dividing line between Morris 
 and Hoytville, and within the boundaries of the latter village. The building and 
 grounds were damaged by the June flood of 1889, rendering a further expenditure 
 of $600 necessary for repairs. The membership of this church consists of about 
 seventy-five Irish and Polish families. It is a mission church of the Wellsboro 
 parish, and has been served by the priests of St. Peter's Church, Wellsboro, services 
 being held on the second Sunday of each month. The Polish members of the church 
 are ministered to by Eev. Father Lopansld, of Antrim, who holds services on the 
 third Sunday of each month. There is connected with this church a branch of the 
 Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Association, with twenty members. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The secret and benevolent orders are represented as follows: Hoytville Lodge, 
 No. 663, 1. 0. 0. P., was organized September 38, 1887, with thirty-two members. It 
 owns a hall building erected in the fall of 1893, costing with the furniture, $4,400. 
 The lower story is used as a public hall and is fitted up with a stage. Stella Ara- 
 minta Lodge, Daughters of Eebekah, was organized October 38, 1893, with fifty-five 
 charter members. It meets in the Odd Fellows' hall and has now a membership of 
 sixty-one. Morris Tent, 'Eo. 315, K. 0. T. M., was organized January 30, 1894, and 
 has forty-two members. It meets in the Odd Fellows' hall. Lorenton Grange, No. 
 1,095, P. of H., with about fifty members, meets at Lorenton, where it erected a 
 two-story frame hall building in 1896. A post of the G. A. E. and a camp of the P. 
 0. S. of A. meet in Morris. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOFEICES. 
 
 Morris is situated in the northeastern part of the township, on Babb's creek^ 
 near the mouth of Wilson creek. The first settler here was Samson Babb, who lo- 
 cated in 1800, and built a flutter-wheel saw-mill in 1806. This mill was continued in 
 operation after Samson Babb's death, in 1815, for many years by his son William 
 Babb. A postoffice was established in 1840, William Babb being the flrst post- 
 master. His successors have been Samuel Doane, William W. Babb, A. L. Bodine, 
 Mr. Sweeney, W. W. Tate, E. E. Kelts, A. Leonard, E. E. Kelts and Thomas J. 
 Birmingham, who was appointed December 30, 1895. William Babb was also the 
 first inn keeper, opening a house for the entertainment of the traveling public over 
 sixty years ago. William W. Babb was an '-'inn-keeper" in 1850 and for a number 
 of years thereafter. His house stood near the Black Hotel, now managed by E. A. 
 Kennedy. During the intervening years he has had a number of successors. There 
 are now in Morris four hotels, as follows: The Black Hotel, kept by E. A. Kennedy; 
 the Park Hotel, by C. Porter; the Walker House, by B. P. Walker, and the Tunney 
 House, by Luke Tunney. The first store in the neighborhood was kept by Job Doane 
 during the time of the Civil War, about a mile and a half below the village, near 
 the mouth of Stony Fork creek. The early merchants in the village itself were 
 Ichabod Brown and William W. Babb, who were in business in 1866. Since the com- 
 pletion of the Arnot and Pine Creek railroad in 1883, of which Hoytville is the 
 
492 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 termimis, Morris has grown rapidly, and has been and still is an important business 
 and trading center. Daily stages carry the mail and passengers to and from Black- 
 wells, connecting with the trains on the Pine Creek railway, and to and from Antrim, 
 connecting with the trains on the Wellsboro and Antrim railwcy. A daily stage also 
 runs between Morris and Liberty. 
 
 Blackwells, the name of the railroad station and village, Lloyd being the name of 
 the postoffice, is situated on Pine creek, at the mouth of Babb's creek, within a mile of 
 the Lycoming county line. The first settler here was Enoch Blackwell, who came 
 from Oregon Hill, Lycoming county, in 1811, hairing previously purchased a body of 
 1,300 acres of timbered land lying along Pine creek, both above and below the present 
 village site. When he came on to the land he found it occupied by A. P. Harris - 
 George Bonnell, who had but a squatter's right, and who appear to have quietly 
 yielded possession. Mr. Blackwell engaged in lumbering, rafting the pine timber 
 down Pine creek to the Susquehanna river. He died at Jersey Shore in the spring of 
 1816, and in the following year his son, William, became a resident at Blackwells and 
 the foTmder of the village, which is still the home of his sons, George, Enoch and 
 William, and a number of their children. He, like his father, followed lumbering, 
 clearing enough of land in the Pine Creek valley to raise such farm products as 
 were needed by his family. As early ss 1825 a man named Jacob Warren had a small 
 store below the present village. He also erected a small flutter-wheel mill. About 
 1844 Horace Williston, a lumberman, opened a store in the village. Other early 
 merchants were John Chadwick and A. C. Bush. About 1864 Enoch and William 
 Blackwell opened a store which has been continued down to the present time and is 
 now kept by Eugene B. Blackwell. A general store is also kept by Jacob Brodhead, 
 and a drug-store by Dr. William Blackwell. A postoffice called Lloyd was estab- 
 lished in 1862. Enoch Blackwell, the first postmaster, was succeeded by Jacob Brod- 
 head, and he in 1889 by Eugene B. Blackwell. Mr. Brodhead, who now holds the 
 office, was re-appointed in 1893. William Blackwell opened a hotel about 1825 and 
 kept it until his death in 1859. The hotel known as the Gillespie House, was erected 
 by William P. Blackwell in 1882, and was kept by him for four years. His successor 
 was Edwin Gregory. The present landlord, J. M. Gillespie, purchased the property 
 in 1887. The Eailroad Hotel was built in 1884 and was kept for a time by Matthew 
 Love. The present landlord is J. H. Barton. Blackwells is a station on the Pine 
 Creek railroad, now a part of the Fall Brook system. A daily stage carries mail and 
 passengers to and from Hoytville and Morris. 
 
 Hoytville is the name of a village which adjoins Morris on the southwest, and 
 Hke it lies in the valley of Babb's creek. The beginning of its history dates to the fall 
 of 1880, when Hoyt Brothers, of New York, purchased a large body of land, heavily 
 timbered with hemlock, lying on both sides of Babb's creek, with a view to the es- 
 tablishment of a steam tannery. A site was selected and operations begun in Feb- 
 ruary, 1880. The grinding of bark and the tanning of leather was begun in Septem- 
 ber, 1881, but the mammoth plant, which was named the Brunswick Tannery, was not 
 completed and in full operation before January 1, 1882. At the time of its'comple- 
 tion it was the largest steam tannery in the world. It is devoted to the production of 
 non-acid hemlock-tanned sole leather, and has a capacity of 1,000 sides per day. 
 When running with a full force — inside and out— it affords employment for over 
 
DUNCAN TOWNSHIP. 493 
 
 300 hands. To provide homes for its employes the company erected nearly 100 
 dwellings and a boarding house. It also erected a store, a steam saw-mill, a planing- 
 mill, a f eed-mUl and blacksmith and carpenters' shops. The tannery was run by Hoyt 
 Brothers untn May 1, 1893, since which time it has been operated by the Union Tan- 
 ning Company. The tamiery is in charge ol A. E. Spicer, superintendent. The fore- 
 men are George W. Darby, E. L. Kingsbury and W. L. English. In 1883 Hoyt 
 Brothers joined with the Blossburg Coal and Mining Company in building a line of 
 railroad, known as the Amot and Pine Creek railroad — ^from Arnot to Hoytville — its 
 present terminus, thus enabling not only the owners of the tannery to ship its product 
 to market, but giving the village of Morris the advantage of railroad facilities. The 
 company store was managed by an agent until 1893, since which time the business has 
 been carried on by Darby & Frutiger, the firm consisting of S. D. Darby and John 
 Frutiger. A postoffice was established in January, 1893, and named Hoytville. 
 The office of postmaster has been held by 0. F. Taylor, S. S. Van Etten, A. E. Spicer 
 and John Frutiger, the present incumbent. 
 
 Lorenton is the name of a postoffice on the Lycoming county line, almost due 
 south from Morris. It was established in July, 1891. The postmaster is Hiram G. 
 Mattoon, who also keeps a general store. A grange hall is located here. 
 
 CHAPTEE XLL 
 
 DUNCAlSr TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Deeivation of Name— Organization — Area — Boundaries — Altitude— Popula- 
 tion— Justices— The Fall Brook Coal Company— The Village of Antrim- 
 Hotels — Postmasters — Schools — Physicians — Societies — Churches- 
 Villages. 
 
 DUNCAN" township, named in honor of Duncan S. Magee, was organized in De- 
 cember, 1873, and was taken from Delmar, Charleston and Morris townships. 
 It is one of the smaller townships in the county, and contains between twenty and 
 twenty-five square miles. Delmar and Charleston townships bound it on the north, 
 Bloss and Morris on the east and south, and Morris and Delmar on the west. Its 
 lands are nearly all owned by the the Pall Brook Coal Company, its population, except 
 a few families living on farms and in the village of Summit, in the northern part, 
 being confined to the mining town of Antrim. Its area, the greater portion of which 
 is underlaid with semi-bituminous coal, is rugged and mountainous, the elevation at 
 Antrim being 1,672 feet and that at Summit 1,863 feet above tidewater. In 1880 
 
494 HISTOBY OF TIOGA OOUNTT. 
 
 the township had 1,791 inhabitants, and in 1890, 2,449. The following named per- 
 sons have served as justices of the peace of the township since its organization: 
 Isaac S. Marshall, 1874; William Clark, 1874; David W. Jenkins, 1879; James W. 
 Donaldson, 1883; John Hammond, 1884; George W. Balfour, 1884; re-elected, 1896; 
 J. A. Vandegrift, 1888; Eleazer Jones, 1889; re-elected, 1894. 
 
 THE FALL BEOOK COAL COMPANY. 
 
 The preliminary investigations which led to the opening of the coal mines at 
 Antrim were begun in May, 1866, by Thomas Farrer and John Smith, two experi- 
 enced explorers and woodsmen, in the employ of the Fall Brook Coal Company, at 
 Fall Brook. Their explorations, which were continued during the year, were carried 
 on in the mountain regions near the headwaters of Wilson creek, on lands owned by 
 William Bache, and resulted in the finding of coal in what they believed to be paying 
 quantities. Their favorable report led to the securing of the land by Duncan S. 
 Magee and Humphries Brewer for the Fall Brook Coal Company, and to the building 
 of a log house for the use of the explorers, while engaged in further explorations, 
 which were continued during 1867-68, with such successful and gratifying results, 
 that it was determined to build a line of railroad from Lawrenceville to the new 
 coal field. 
 
 On AprU 4, 1867, the Lawrenceville and Wellsboro Eailroad Company was incor- 
 porated, with Humphries Brewer, of Fall Brook, president, and James Heron, also- 
 of Fall Brook, secretary and treasurer. A preliminary survey was begun under Mr. 
 Brewer's direction, September 23, 1867, by Anton Hardt, civil engineer. Mr. Brewer 
 died December 25, 1867, and was succeeded as president by Hon. Henry Sherwood, 
 of Wellsboro, who filled that position until the completion of the road from Law- 
 renceville to Wellsboro — a distance of twenty-four miles — in May, 1872. On October 
 38, of the same year, it was completed to Antrim, the new mining town on Wilson 
 creek, the contractors for the entire line being Gen. James Ward & Company, of 
 Towanda, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Duncan S. Magee died in the spring of 1869, and was succeeded as superin- 
 tendent of the Fall Brook Coal Company by Gen. George J. Magee, under whose 
 direction the survey and location of the railroad was completed, a steam saw-mill 
 erected and the work of opening up the mines and providing houses for the miners- 
 begun and carried forward until everything was in readiness for the mining and 
 shipment of coal, which was begun upon the completion of the railroad. During 1873^ 
 the product of the mines amounted to 11,366 tons. Since then mining has been 
 carried on continuously, hundreds of thousands of tons of coal being mined and 
 shipped annually, furnishing employment for a large number of miners and work- 
 men and profitable traffic for the railway leading from the mines to Lawrenceville. 
 Within the past few years there has been a marked falling off in production and a con- 
 sequent reduction in the number of employes, owing principally to the opening up 
 of new mines in Clearfield county, where the coal is more easily and more cheaply 
 mined. 
 
 William Howell, the resident manager of this company, has filled that position 
 since 1883, for eight years previous to which he was the paymaster. James Pollock 
 has filled the position of mining superintendent since 1883. His son, Alexander- 
 
DUNCAN TOWNSHIP. 495 
 
 Pollock, and Morgan Davis are mine foremen, E. S. Harrower is outside foreman, 
 and C. E. Burgess chute foreman. The store is in charge of William Howell, Jr., 
 with W. W. Forest buyer and D. M. Edwards book-keeper. 0. E. Crediford fills the 
 position of station agent and is also postmaster, while the steam ssaw-mill is in charge 
 of A. C. Dudgeon. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF ANTEIM. 
 
 Antrim is situated in the southwestern part of the township, near the head- 
 waters of Wilson creek, and its history dates from the building of the Lawrenceville 
 and Wellsboro railroad and the opening of the coal mines by the Fall Brook Coal 
 Company. In 1868, while the explorations of Thomas Faxrer and his party were in 
 progress, the site of the village was visited by Duncan S. Magee, Hon. Daniel E. 
 Howell, of Bath, New York; Gen. George J. Magee, John Lang and Charles Craw- 
 ford, of Watkins, New York; Hon. Charles C. B. Walker and A. H. Gorton, of 
 Corning, JSTew York; John Magee, Jr., S. S. EUsworth, of Penn Yan, and Anton 
 Hardt, John Smith and B. P. Cummings, of Fall Brook. The purpose of their visit 
 was to note the progress of the work and to christen the village. The party accord- 
 ingly gathered round one of the springs nearby, while Duncan S. Magee, after dip- 
 ping a glassful! of water from its crystal depth, named the new village "Antrim" in 
 honor of the County Antrim, Ireland, "the native land of the Magees." The 
 name was duly recorded after the observance of appropriate ceremonies. 
 
 In December, 1867, Titus Drainsfield, who is still living in the village, moved 
 into the log house previously erected for the explorers. About the same time, 
 Thomas GafEney, the first mining superintendent, located at the foot of the moun- 
 tain. A small building erected for a blacksmith-shop, for the purpose of repairing 
 the tools of the explorers, was soon afterwards occupied by Solomon Eosenkrans. 
 These three men and their families constituted the pioneers of the place. Most of 
 the early miners who followed them came from Fall Brook, where they had been in 
 the employ of the company. 
 
 During 1870, Drift No. 1, the opening of which is in the southeastern part of 
 the village, was put in under the direction of Thomas GafEney. A steam saw-mill — 
 the boilers for which were drawn overland on sleighs from Tioga — was completed 
 early in 1871, and was destroyed by fire in July, 1873. It was replaced by a portable 
 mill. On January 1, 1871, there were ten dwellings in the village. In April, 1871, 
 Thomas Farrer moved his family from Fall Brook, and was followed in November 
 by John Hinman, the first postmaster and store agent. In January, 1873, David 
 Cooper, master carpenter, took charge of the erection of tenements and chutes, and 
 Isaac S. Marshall succeeded Mr. Hinman as store agent, the latter devoting his time 
 to his duties as paymaster, etc. On October 38, 1873, the railroad was completed, the 
 first train arriving in the village being hauled by engine No. 1, Joseph Boyle en- 
 gineer. John Wilson was the conductor. 
 
 A hotel building was erected by the company, the first landlord being D. D. 
 Holliday. This building, which stood near the railroad depot, was burned in 1883, 
 Andrew K. Fletcher being landlord at the time. The present Antrim Hotel was 
 erected the same year. The landlords have been James E. Fish and John P. Dwyer. 
 Mr. Dwyer took charge in 1888, an^ has proven a genial and popular landlord. 
 
496 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 A postoffice, named Antrim, was established soon after the completion of the 
 railroad, in October, 1872, the first postmaster being Thomas Farrer. His successors 
 have been A. J. Pollock and 0. E. Crediford, who was appointed August 4, 1890. 
 The office is in the railway station, Mr. Crediford also filling the position of station 
 agent. A daily mail is received by rail from Wellsboro and from Morris by stage. 
 
 The first school in Antrim was established temporarily in a tenement house. 
 Miss Ella Cooper and Miss Mary Hinman being the early teachers. After the or- 
 ganization of the township, a school building was erected and used until 1880 when 
 the present three-room building was completed. Night schools were also established 
 for those who were compelled to work during the day. A district school was erected 
 at Summit for the accommodation of pupils living in the northern part of the town- 
 ship. School is maintained at Antrim an average of nine, and at Summit an average 
 of six months in the year. 
 
 Among the early resident physicians were Dr. Egbert George and Dr. E. G. 
 Drake. The profession is now represented by Dr. W. D. Burke and Dr. J. J. Van 
 "Wert. 
 
 The following named secret societies have lodges in Antrim: Duncan Lodge, 
 No. 968, 1. 0. 0. P., which was instituted December 33, 1879, and now has 119 mem- 
 bers; Division No. 2, A. 0. H., organized October 28, 1888, and a K. of P. lodge with 
 a large membership, the lodge at Morris having recently been merged with it. 
 
 CHUEOHES. 
 
 Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church dates the beginning of its history from a 
 service held in the school house in Antrim July 24, 1872, by Eev. Charles Breck, 
 D. D., rector of St. Paul's church, "Wellsboro. At the close of the service a meeting 
 was held for the purpose of organizing a church. Dr. Breck presided and John Hin- 
 man acted as secretary. The organization was effected and a vestry elected. The 
 early services were held in the paymaster's office, John Hinman acting as lay reader. 
 Sermons were read by Isaac S. Marshall and Dr. E. Qjorge. On April 26, 1873, John 
 Magee, Jr., died, and in his will it was provided that the sum of $50,000 be expended 
 by his executors in erecting five Episcopal churches, iq compliance with which the 
 present handsome edifice, costing $13,000, was built. The corner stone was laid in 
 July, 1880, and the building completed in 1881. It was consecrated June 6, 1882. 
 Eev. Charles Breck, who established the mission, was the first rector. In August, 
 1874, Eev. John London, took charge. In 1875 Eev. Charles Breck again became 
 rector. In November, 1872, Eev. E. Lansberger became the first resident rector. 
 His successors have been Eevs. Percy Clinton "VVebber, Enos J. Balsley, "W. L. Wood- 
 ruff, George Eogers, J. U. Graf, Lawrence Buckley Thomas, D. D., and Alexander 
 Eenshaw De"Witt. On November 11, 1894, Eev. Dr. Thomas again took charge. 
 He is also the rector of St. Andrews' church, Tioga. There are now ninety members 
 in this church, which maintains a Sunday-school of 125 pupils, of which James B. 
 Howell is superintendent. 
 
 St. John's Catholic Church is the outgrowth of monthly services held soon after 
 the opening of the mines, by Eev. John "Wynne and Eev. J. C. McDermott, of 
 Blossburg. A church edifice was erected in 1877. Sinc^890, during the pastorate 
 of Eev. M. J. Manly, the church has been frescoed, a bell purchased and put in place 
 
DUNCAN TOWNSHIP. 497 
 
 and other improvements made, the whole involving an outlay of $3,000. St. John's 
 is one of the mission churches of St. Peter's parish, Wellsboro, and has been served 
 by the pastors of that church. A good Sunday-school is maintained, of which 
 Matthew Donlan is superintendent and Miss Sadie Wash assistant. The Polish 
 members of this church are served by Eev. Father Lopanski. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Antrim was organized February 20, 1873, with about 
 twenty members. Meetings were held in the school house until 1884 when a house 
 of worship costing $1,500 was erected. The first pastor, Eev. G-. P. Watrous, re- 
 mained one year, after which until 1881, when Eev. E. J. Thomas took charge, the 
 church was without a regular pastor. In 1883 he was succeeded by Eev. William 
 Young, who has continued to serve until the present time. He is also the pastor of 
 the church in Morris township. The church now numbers forty-six members. 
 There are sixty-one pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Ira N. Grinnell is the 
 superintendent. 
 
 The Swedish Baptist Church of Antrim was organized August 30, 1886, with 
 about fifteen members. Eev. Karl Molin, the first pastor, remained until 1890. In 
 1893 Eev. C. E. Duohon took charge, remaining one year. In 1894 the church dis- 
 banded, its members uniting with the English church. 
 
 The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Lebanon Church was organized ISTovember 
 6, 1879, and has now a membership of 300. A church building was erected in 1882, 
 and repaired and renovated in 1892. The property is now valued at $3,500. 
 The following named ministers have served as pastors of this church: Eevs. P. A. 
 Bergquist, 1881-82; A. Kinett, 1883-84; E. J. ISTordin, 1888-89; C. J. A. Holmgren, 
 1893-95, and Eev. A. J. Beausang, the present pastor, who took charge in 1896. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Antrim was organized September 24, 1887, with 
 twelve members by Eev. A. C. Shaw, D. D. The church worships in the building 
 originally used by the Congregational society, now no longer in existence. It has 
 been recently repaired and improved. Eev. E. Eawson preached for the society 
 during 1887. Eev. T. Gr. Jones, a Congregationalist minister, preached from 
 November, 1880, until November, 1890. Eev. David Craft, also pastor of the 
 church in Lawreneeville, took charge in 1891 and has continued up to the present. 
 This church now numbers thirty-three members, with a Sunday-school of thirty-five 
 pupils, of which James Pollock is the superintendent. 
 
 TILLAGES. 
 
 Brownlee Postoffice, or Summit, as the name of the station is called, is situated 
 near the northern line of the township. The postofiice was established here in 
 September, 1888. John Bradley, the first postmaster, held the office until June, 
 1889, when N. W. Hallock, the present incumbent, was appointed. The works of 
 the Antrim Sand Company are located here. This company was incorporated 
 March 21, 1888, for the purpose of manufacturing sand for glass making and for 
 use on locomotive engines, from sand rock. The incorporators were John W. Bailey, 
 president; Isaac P. Borden, vice-president; Eobert J. Borden, secretary and treasurer, 
 and Eobert Brownlee, superintendent. The product of t>e works is shipped to 
 Corning and other points. 
 
CHAPTEE XLII. 
 
 TIOGA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization — Reductions of Area — Physical Features — Streams — Popu- 
 lation—Pioneer Settlers — Early Enterprises — Schools and Justices- 
 Churches and Cemeteries— Villages and Postoffices. 
 
 IE" the year 1797 the territory now embraced within the limits of Tioga county, 
 then a part of Lycoming county, was erected into a township, named Tioga. The 
 act of the legislature of March 26, 1804, erected this township into a separate county, 
 consisting of one township, also named Tioga. The act of April 3, 1804, made the 
 township a separate election district, and provided that "the electors thereof shall 
 hold their elections at the house now occupied by Thomas Berry, in said township." 
 In 1805 the township of Delmar was organized, and was constituted a new election 
 district by an act of the legislature, approved April 11, 1807, which provided that 
 "the electors thereof shall hold their elections at the house of Joshua Emlin." 
 This division gave Delmar three-fifths of the territory of the county, on the west, 
 and Tioga two-fifths, on the east. In February, 1815, Covington township was 
 taken from Tioga. It embraced the present township of Eichmond, and all the 
 southeastern part of the county. In September, 1815, the township of Jackson, 
 also taken from Tioga, was created. It comprised a portion of the present town- 
 ship of Eutland, and of the northeastern part of the county. In 1816 Lawrence 
 township, taken from the northern portion of Tioga, and eastern part of Elkland, 
 was created. By these several reductions of its original area, Tioga township was 
 established within its present limits. 
 
 It is bounded on the north by Lawrence township, on the east by Jackson and 
 Rutland, on the south by Eichmond, and on the west by Middlebury and Farm- 
 ington. It is nearly square, being about six and three-quarters miles from east to 
 west and six miles from north to south, and contains about forty square miles. 
 It is one of the hilly townships of the county. The hills, especially in the southern 
 part, are bold and rugged, and the valleys, except those of Crooked creek and the 
 Tioga river, below Tioga borough, narrow and restricted. The cultivable area is 
 somewhat Hmited by reason of this rugged conformation, but Tioga is, nevertheless, 
 a good agricultural township. Its upland and valley soils are fertile and fruitful, 
 the latter being especially adapted to the cultivation of tobacco, the production 
 of which has greatly increased within the past few years. The township is well 
 watered, its principal stream being the Tioga river, which flows centrally through 
 it from south to north. Mill creek, which enters the township near the south- 
 eastern comer, flows northwest and unites with the Tioga two miles above Tioga 
 borough. Crooked creek pursues a winding course through the western part of the 
 
TIOGA TOWNSHIP. 499 
 
 township, and empties into the Tioga at the northern end of Tioga borough. A 
 half mile lower down it receives the waters of Bear creek, while Mitchell's creek, 
 which drains the northeastern quarter of the township, unites with the Tioga half 
 a mile south of the Lawrence township line. Each of these streams receive smaller 
 runs or branches, which add to the picturesqueness and diversity of the scenery 
 and contribute to the productiveness and fertility of the soil. 
 
 In population and wealth the township has grown steadily, and among its 
 citizenship are many well-to-do farmers who owe their prosperity to intelligent and 
 well-directed industry. Not a few are direct descendants of the first settlers, and 
 live on the land taken up and cleared by their grandparents or great-grandparents 
 a century ago. It has taken the industry of three generations to subdue forests, 
 clear fields of stones and stumps and rear the comfortable homes and needful farm 
 buildings that greet the eye on every hand. The transformation has been gradual, 
 but the results achieved have made the township the abiding place of a people 
 known to be earnest, industrious, progressive and prosperous. In 1840 the town- 
 ship contained 791 inhabitants; in 1870, 1,074; 1880, 1,258; 1890, 1,434. 
 
 PIONEEE SETTLERS. 
 
 The first settlers within the township boundaries were Jesse Losey and the 
 Eoberts family — mention of whom is made in the chaptej" devoted to Tioga borough. 
 Following them came Thomas and Eiehard Mitchell, who settled at Mitchell's Creek 
 as early as 1793. Edsell Mitchell, oldest son of Kichard, was born here August 37, 
 1793, and was reputed to be the first white child born in Tioga county.* Robert, 
 another brother, came a few years later. The Mitchells were from Orange county, 
 New Jersey. Benajah Ives — ^mention of whom is made in the Tioga borough chapter 
 — came into the county about 1794. A year later he was followed by his three 
 brothers, Timothy, Titus and John, and by his uncle, also named John. Timothy 
 settled at the mouth of Mill creek, John, the nephew, on what was afterwards 
 known as the Lyman Adams place, while "Uncle John" located within the borough 
 limits. Titus does not appear to have made a location. A few years later he 
 removed to the Cowanesque valley and became a pioneer settler in Brookfield town- 
 ship, where his descendants still reside. Eufus Adams, who settled on the Tioga 
 river, above Mitchell's Creek, came as early as 1794. Jacob Kiphart and his family 
 came from Lycoming county, over the Williamson road, in 1794 or 1795. His 
 son, Jacob, born, according to his reckoning, November 39, 1779, at Pine Grove, 
 Berks county, Pennsylvania, lived to the remarkable age of 104 years, and his sister, 
 Betsey, to be nearly 100 years old. Among those who also came here in 1794 or 
 1795, but whose residence was of a temporary character, were a Mr. Carter and his 
 son, William, and Job Squires, Asa Stiles and a Mr. Heed. George Prekay, "a very 
 singular and eccentric man," and supposed to have been a native of Holland, came 
 in 1796, and settled on the west bank of the Tioga river, below Jacob Kiphart. 
 He built a rude hut on the east bank of Bear creek, and had a cave in a knoll near 
 by, in which he slept. He was well educated, and read the English and German 
 languages, but would never disclose his parentage or the place of his birth. He 
 
 * It is now known that two daughters and a son were bom to Samuel Baker at his cabin home on the site 
 of Lawrenceville prior to 1794. 
 
500 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 died in 1813, at the house of Jacob Prutsman. It has been surmised, from certain 
 relies found among his effects, that he was a member of a noble, if not a royal, 
 family. 
 
 Nathan ISTiles came from Connecticut in September, 1796, and settled on the 
 spot where his grandson, Van Buren Daily, now lives, a short distance below the 
 mouth of Mill creek. His grandson, Augustus E. ISTiles, lives on a portion of the 
 old homestead. Colin Van Camp, who came about the same time or soon after, 
 settled on a part of the Crozier tract, and erected a house on the spot where the 
 residence of D. L. Aiken now stands. Elijah Burley, a preacher, was here prior 
 to 1800, and lived in a log house at the head of the "Cove." Aaron Gillet came with 
 his parents from Towanda, Pennsylvania, in 1797, when nine years old. They set- 
 tled at the mouth of Mill creek, where they built a small distillery and a grist-mill, 
 the latter being the first in the county. It was shortly afterwards carried away 
 by a flood. The family then moved to Cherry Plats. Their descendants now live 
 in Eiehmond and Covington townships. Mcholas Prutsman, the ancestor of the 
 Prutsman family in this county, came here in 1802 from South Smithfield town- 
 ship, Iforthampton county, Pennsylvania, and settled on what was afterwards known 
 as the DePui farm, on the Tioga river. He was followed in 1804: by his sons, Jacob, 
 Nicholas and Adam. Peggy Boher, a widow, and her daughter, Eleanor, came 
 before Nicholas Prutsman. The mother's name appears upon the assessment list 
 for 1800. John Gordon came into Lawrence township previous to 1803, and 
 purchased quite a large body of land. He subsequently removed to Tioga town- 
 ship and for several years kept a wayside inn on the west side of the "Cove." Maj. 
 William Eathbone, a brother-in-law of John Gordon, came about the same time. 
 Maj. William Bentley came here from Chemung county. New York, in April, 1806, 
 and settled on the Crozier tract, north of Colin Van Camp, near Mitchell's Creek. 
 Elijah DePui was here previous to April 14, 1806, on which date his son, Thomas, 
 was born. He settled on the Tioga river, just below Nicholas Prutsman, a portion 
 of whose claim he bought. Capt. Lyman Adams arrived in Tioga from Tinmouth, 
 Eutland county, Vermont, July 4, 1804, lived for awhile in a house of Dr. Wil- 
 lard's, and then moved to what afterwards became known as the Lyman Adams 
 farm. John Daily came into the county in 1811, locating first at Beecher's Island. 
 On Christmas eve, 1813, he married Violetta, a daughter of Nathan Niles, Sr., and 
 the following spring settled on the old Nathan Niles homestead, where his son. 
 Van Buren Daily, now lives. Col. Ambrose Millard came from Saratoga county. 
 New York, to Beecher's Island, in 1810, and in 1812 moved into Tioga township, 
 and bought the Eathbone place. He was prominent in the early business and 
 political history of the county. Ira McAllister came into the township with Am- 
 brose Millard. The other settlers, previous to 1830, were Eoland Hall, who came 
 about 1815; Ebenezer Perry and his sons, Charles and Chauncey, and Samuel Tharp 
 and John S. Allen, who were here before 1819. 
 
 When these pioneers settled here the township was an unbroken wilderness. 
 The deer, wolf, bear, panther and other wild animals roamed at will through the 
 forest, which had to be cleared away before homes could be built or fields culti- 
 vated. Eor this work hardy, courageous and resolute men were needed, and such 
 were, as a rule, these first settlers. They lived simple, frugal and industrious lives. 
 
TIOGA TOWNSHIP. 501 
 
 and with patience and fortitude pushed forward the work of establishing homes 
 for themselves and their descendants, who hold their memories in enduring 
 reverence. 
 
 EAELY ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The first grist-mill in the county was built between 1797 and 1800, by the 
 father of Aaron Gillet, near the mouth of Mill creek. Gillet also built a small dis- 
 tillery about the same time. They were soon carried away by a flood and the family 
 moved to Cherry Plats. About 1805 Nicholas Prutsman and his sons built a grist- 
 mill on the Tioga river, below Tioga borough. A little later Jacob Prutsman, the 
 oldest son, built a saw-mill on Bear creek, on land bought from George Prekay. 
 This was said to have been the second one erected ia the township. Dr. Willard's 
 being the first. In 1827 he constructed a dam across the river, a short distance 
 below the island on which the borough is situated, and built a new mill on the west 
 bank of the stream. This, at the time, was regarded as an important and costly 
 enterprise. Eaits of lumber, and also arks of grain and farm produce were shipped 
 from here to the lower Susquehanna. About 1800 Dr. William "Willard built a 
 saw-mill west of the "Cove," on the site of the village of Tioga, or Brooklyn, as it 
 is more frequently called. This was the first saw-mill in the township. He after- 
 wards built two other mills, one east of the first one, and one on Crooked creek. 
 The last named was subsequently owned by William B. Kyes, now a resident of 
 Tioga. About 1833 Samuel Westbrook erected a distillery, the second in the town- 
 ship, one mile and a half below the borough, on the east side of the river. Among 
 his assistants was Jesse Losey. 
 
 As the entire township was covered with a heavy growth of pine and hemlock, 
 lumbering early became an important industry, and saw-mills were erected wherever 
 a good water power could be obtained. These mills were to be found along the 
 banks of the Tioga river, of Mill creek. Crooked creek. Bear creek and Mitchell's 
 creek, and were operated, sometimes with profit, sometimes with serious loss to their 
 owners, until the scarcity of pine and hemlock timber made their discontinuance 
 necessary. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 About the year 1816 a school house was erected on the Major Bentley place, near 
 Mitchell's Creek. Like the other early schools in the township, it was supported 
 by subscription. Andrew Pickard, Dennis Hawes and other pioneer teachers 
 taught in this school. Among the early teachers after the adoption of the public 
 school system were Julia Ann Amsbry, now Mrs. A. K. Purman, of Gaines township; 
 Lydia Ann Humphrey and S. M. Broakman. Mrs. Mary D. Miller, wife of C. P. 
 Miller, whose farm is a part of the original Bentley place, taught here in 1846. 
 A short time after the close of the Civil War a school buUding was erected at 
 Mitchell's Creek, and the school on the Bentley place discontinued. Early schools 
 were also established on Crooked creek and near the month of Mill creek. There 
 are now ten public school buildings in the township, in which winter and summer 
 terms of school are taught and competent teachers employed. 
 
 Owing to the fact that the original area of the township was co-extensive with 
 the county, and that it was not until 1816 that it was reduced to its present area. 
 
502 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the early justices exercised authority over a wide jurisdiction. Even after most 
 of the townships were established within their present boundaries, justices of the 
 peace, as a rule, exercised jurisdiction over two or more townships. After the 
 Constitution of 1838, which made the office of justice of the peace an elective one 
 and limited the term to five years, each borough and each township became a sep- 
 arate justice of the peace district, so to speak, the change necessitating a marked 
 increase in the number of justices. Before the office became an elective one justices 
 of the peace were appointed by the governor, and held during good behavior. The 
 first justice of the peace appointed for Tioga township was Nathan Niles, Sr., who 
 was commissioned January 7, 1808. Elijah Putnam, the next appointed, was com- 
 missioned by Gov. Simon Snyder, March 9, 1813. Daniel Lamb and William 
 Rose, the one a pioneer of Eichmond and the other of Rutland township, were 
 appointed and commissioned March 15, of the same year, for Tioga township, giving 
 the township, as then constituted, three justices of the peace. The succeeding 
 justices were commissioned as follows: Ambrose Millard, 1816; Elijah DePui, 1819; 
 Levi Vail, 1825; William Willard, Jr., 1827; Jonah Brewster, March, 1830; William 
 Garretson, 1831; elected in 1855 and 1860; Horace Frizelle, 1833; Horace E. 
 Spencer, 1833; Joseph Clark, 1835; Calvin Cowley, 1835; Erastus W. Derow, 
 1836; Clark Stilwell, 1836; Charles Spencer, 1836; Lewis Meade, 1836; Curtis 
 Parkhurst, 1838; Carpenter H. Place, 1838; re-elected in 1840, 1850, 1855 and 
 1860; Joseph Aiken, 1841; re-elected in 1846; Henry E. Smith, 1845; J. G. Put- 
 nam, 1851; C. J. Humphrey, 1861; Charles P. Swan, 1864; William T. Urell, 1865; 
 re-elected, 1873, 1878, 1883 and 1890; John W. Guernsey, 1867; Charles H. Sey- 
 mour, 1868; William J. Mann, 1870; Horace S. Johnston, 1875; John Stevens, 
 1881; D. C. Kimball, 1886; W. C. Phelps, 1887; R. P. H. McAllister, 1889; W. 
 0. Russell, 1894; D. C. Kimball, 1895; V. D. McAllister, 1897. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Free Methodist Church, at Painter Run, is the only religious organization 
 in the township. It was organized in 1885, and among the original members were 
 Lewis Wilson, George Jones, Mary Brace and D. Jones. The following are the 
 names of the pastors who have served this church: Revs. W. J. Riker, 1886 and 
 1887; W. J. Sitzer, 1888; L. Kelly, 1889; Mr. Salsburg, 1890; J. A. Tholens, 1891 
 and 1892; 0. S. Baker, 1893 and 1894, and W. J. Sitzer, the present pastor. The 
 present membership is thirty-six. A Sunday-school with thirty-five members is 
 maintained, of which John Brace is the superintendent. A neat frame church 
 building, costing $1,000, was dedicated October 27, 1895. 
 
 An Indian Burying Ground was discovered at the northern end of the island 
 on which the borough of Tioga is situated, at the time of the building of the bridge 
 over Crooked creek. Some ten or twelve skeletons of large size were unearthed. 
 In 1838, when the railroad was graded, Indian remains were also found near the 
 foot of Daily hill, below the mouth of Mill creek. 
 
 Family Burying Grounds, in which rest the remains of many of the old pioneers, 
 are to be found in various parts of the township. The oldest of these is the Berry 
 graveyard situated some twenty rods east of the lower river bridge. Here were 
 
TIOGA TOWNSHIP. 503 
 
 buried the remains of a child of Thomas Berry, that died January 17, 1803, and 
 of Thomas Berry himself, who died April 17, 1807, as well as other members of the 
 family. The Van Camp burying ground on the D. L. Aiken place contains the 
 remains of members of the Van Gamp, Allen and Kiphart families. In the Bentley 
 burying round, on the old Major Bentley place, are the graves of several members 
 of the Bentley family. Here also were buried John Gordon, his daughter, Mareia, 
 who died November 8, 1810, aged twenty years; the mother of Col. Ambrose Mil- 
 lard, and Obadiah Inscho, a pioneer of Lawrence township. The Mitchell grave- 
 yard lies on a knoll east of the old "William Mitchell farm house. Here were buried 
 Robert Mitchell and his wife, Abigail (Ives) Mitchell, and also John Inscho and his 
 wife. In the Timothy Ives graveyard, near the residence of Jacob Westbrook, on 
 the Wellsboro road, were buried the remains of John Ives and other members of the 
 Ives family. Over one hundred interments were made in this burying ground. The 
 Mill creek or Guernsey cemetery, situated on the point of a hill, below the mouth 
 of Mill creek, is the resting place of members of the Mies, Guernsey, Adams, Daily, 
 Keeney and other families. The old Tioga village cemetery, on the Wellsboro road, 
 half a mile west of the borough, was opened in the fall of 1839. It contains over 
 one hundred graves. 
 
 Evergreen Cemetery, incorporated December 9, 1863, is situated a little over 
 half a mile west of the borough, on a series of alluvial knolls. It contains twenty 
 acres of ground, is well laid out and well cared for. Transfers to this cemetery have 
 been made, from time to time, of remains buried in the various family graveyards 
 throughout the township. It is enclosed by a fence and contains a number of 
 handsome monuments. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOFFICES. 
 
 Mitchell's Creek, in the northern part of the township, on the Tioga railroad, 
 about half a mile south of the Lawrence township line, takes its name from the 
 Mitchell family, who settled a short distance west of the present village, near the 
 Tioga river, in 1793. Here, in 1836, Thomas K. Mitchell manufactured the brick 
 and erected the first brick house in the county, which for over forty years was the 
 only one of the kind in the township. A few years later he opened a store near this 
 house. Daniel Holden, a pioneer of Eichmond township, was a partner in this 
 store at the time of his (Holden's) death, in 1830. After the completion of the 
 railroad Mr. Mitchell moved the store to the station established on the Aiken place, 
 and later to Mitchell's Creek. After the railroad was built the village of Mitchell's 
 Creek began to grow. WilUam K. Mitchell, a brother of Thomas K., opened a store 
 and became the first postmaster. His successors in the ofi&ce have been Simeon 
 Mitchell, John Mitchell, Edward Brace, Lewis J. Kimball and Thomas Graves. 
 Lewis J. Kimball, the predecessor of Graves, was appointed a second time in October, 
 1894, and now holds the office. The village contains about 150 inhabitants, and 
 has two stores, kept by W. E. Hughes and Lewis J. Kimball. 
 
 Tioga Tillage, or Brooldyn, though not included in the corporate limits, is prac- 
 tically a part of Tioga borough, the line of separation being the "Cove." Its site 
 formed a part of the large body of land once owned by Dr. "William "Willard, and 
 which afterwards passed into the hands of Mrs. Sylvia Parmentier. Here, on the 
 
504 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 spot now occupied by the residence of Eliza Seagers, stood tlie Willard farm house. 
 Two of the saw-mills built by Dr. Willard were within the present village limits. 
 A water grist-mill was afterwards built near the site of one of these mills. It is 
 n,ow operated by Charles Schoner. After the property passed into the hands of 
 Mrs. Parmentier, a steam saw-mill was also erected and an upper leather tannery 
 built. These several enterprises were managed for a number of years by Col. H. 
 S. Johnston, as agent for Mrs. Parmentier. 
 
 It was not until after the completion of the Pall Brook railroad, in 1871, that 
 the real growth of the village began. Under the stimulus of this enterprise, it built 
 up rapidly during the next few years. A station was established by the railroad 
 company in September, 1871, and E. P. H. McAlHster appointed station agent, a 
 position he held until July, 1894, when he resigned, owing to ill health, and was 
 succeeded by the present agent, James T. Davis. Mr. McAllister took an active part 
 in building up the place, erecting no less than twenty-six houses, the greater number 
 of which he soon sold. A hotel, now Icnown as the Brooklyn Hotel, and which is 
 conducted by E. D. Urell, was erected in 1873, as was also a store building. The 
 latter burned and was rebuilt. It is now occupied by Burton Schrader, who, with 
 T. D. Marsh, whose store is located on the Wellsboro road, are the only merchants 
 in the place. 
 
 In 1883 the Tioga Coke Works were ericted, by the Pall Brook Coal Company, 
 on land adjoining the village on the south, purchased from B. C. Wiekham, Jabin 
 S. Bush, Eleazer Seagers and H. E. Smith & Son. This important enterprise stimu- 
 lated the growth of both the borough and the village. Nearly 300 ovens were 
 operated and over 100 men employed. John J. Davis was superintendent until 
 January, 1890, when he resigned and was succeeded by his son, James T. Davis, 
 who held the position until July 1, 1894, when, owing to the ruinous competition 
 of western coke works, the enterprise was abandoned. The works have since been 
 dismantled. 
 
 The Tioga Eoller Mill, just west of the Pall Brook railroad and south of the 
 Wellsboro road, was erected in 1890, at a cost of $10,000, by W. 0. Eussell. It is a 
 full roller mill, run by steam, with a capacity of forty ban-els of flour every twenty- 
 four hours, and is devoted to merchant milling. 
 
 The saw and planing-mill of T. A. Wiekham is situated just west of the "Cove." 
 It is run by steam and is devoted to the manufacture of lumber, lath, etc., for home 
 trade and shipment. 
 
 Painter Run is the name of a postoffice in the southeast comer of the town- 
 ship. The office was established in 1873. David Bartlett was the first postmaster. 
 In 1883 he was succeeded by D. C. Kingsley, who died in April, 1895, and was 
 succeeded by his son, J. P. Kingsley, who also owns and operates a steam saw-mill 
 and a feed-mill here. 
 
CHAPTEK XLIIL 
 
 TIOGA BOEOUGH. 
 
 Description— Physical Chabacteristics— Early Settlers— Population— Vil- 
 lage Industries and Enterprises— Early Physicians and Lawyers— Early 
 AND Later Hotels— Borough Organization and Officials— Village and 
 Borough Newspapers— Schools— Churches— Secret Societies —Later Busi- 
 ness AND Manufacturing Enterprises— Tioga Water Works— Hose Com- 
 panies — Fire and Flood. 
 
 THE borough of Tioga is situated west of the center of Tioga township, at the 
 confluence of Crooked creek and the Tioga river, on an oblong strip of land 
 known as the "Island," which is bounded on the east and south by the Tioga river, 
 and on the west and north by the "Cove" — a name given to an overflow channel of 
 the same stream — and by Crooked creek. The elevation, railroad grade, is 1,043 
 feet above sea level; that of the surrounding hills from 400 to 600 feet higher. The 
 widening of the valley at this point, caused by the junction of Crooked creek and 
 the Tioga river, forms a basin affording ample room for a good-sized city, and is in 
 pleasing contrast with the bold and rugged hills that hem the borough in on the 
 east and south. 
 
 The land comprised within the borough limits formed a part of original surveys 
 61 and 67, entered May 17, 1785, by Edward Bartholomew and John Patton. They 
 and a number of succeeding owners were non-residents. These surveys, as their 
 nimibers indicate, were among the earliest entered after this section of Pennsylvania 
 was opened up for settlement by the treaty of Fort Stanwix, October 33, 1784. 
 
 In 1791 or 1793 Jesse Losey, accompanied by his wife, came to Tioga county 
 from "New Jersey. They ascended the river in a canoe as far as the "Island," and 
 located on the west bank near the foot of what is now Church street. Jesse was 
 soon joiaed by his brother, Stephen, who does not appear to have made a location. 
 The deeds forming the chain of title to this land fail to show that Jesse Losey ever 
 became the owner of it. Like many other pioneers, he had only a squatter's right. 
 He was, nevertheless, the first settler, not only on the site of Tioga borough, but 
 within the present limits of Tioga township, and the sixth in the Tioga river valley, 
 south of the N"ew York state line. 
 
 Losey's first home was a rude hut of poles and bark, which was blown down 
 during a violent storm. He next built a log house farther up the river, between 
 the west bank and the Williamson road, the site of which is still discernible on the 
 land now owned by H. E. Smith & Son. Here his wife died. Her grave, it is said, 
 lies under the sidewalk, near the northeast comer of Main and Church streets. 
 
 About 1794 Benajah Ives acquired title to the land upon which Losey had 
 located, and, it is presumed, made terms with him for his improvements. Losey 
 appears to have remained, however, until 1803, when he and his brother Stephen 
 located two warrants in the western part of the township, on Crooked creek, where 
 
506 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 they took up their residence. Jesse afterwards moved into Middlebury township, 
 where he died March 12, 1844, aged eighty-five years. His remains lie buried in 
 the Holidaytown cemetery, being among the first to he interred there. He was a 
 shoemaker and distiller, and, after coming to Tioga, followed both occupations at 
 intervals, the latter for a time in Samuel Westbrook's distillery. He was also a 
 Eevolutionary soldier and a pensioner, and claimed to have participated in the battle 
 of Bunker Hill, and to have witnessed the execution of Major John Andre, at Tap- 
 pan, New Jersey, October 3, 1780. Stephen Losey, after residing in the western part 
 of Tioga township for a time, removed to the Pine creek country, where he passed the 
 remainder of his life. 
 
 The Eoberts family, consisting of Peter Roberts, his sons, John, Benjamin, 
 Peter and Silas, and his daughters, Polly, Ehoda, Sally and Betsey, are credited with 
 coming in 1792. Roberts, who is supposed to have had a Connecticut title, settled 
 on the west bank of the Tioga river, below the Losey location. He was a millwright, 
 and some years after his arrival built a saw-mill on Crooked creek, near the present 
 residence of David Hick, in the township. 
 
 Benajah Ives came about 1794, from Bristol, Connecticut. A year later he 
 was followed by his brothers, Timothy, John and Titus, and by his uncle, John. 
 The latter settled on the present T. J. Berry place. Benajah built a house near 
 the ford, now occupied by the highway bridge at the south end of the borough. 
 Here he kept a wayside inn until 1796, when he sold it and the upper half of his 
 tract to Thomas Berry, and moved farther down the stream toward the Losey cabin. 
 In 1819 he traded the remainder of his tract to Dr. Simeon Power for the north half 
 of the John Gordon farm, and removed to Middlebury township. 
 
 In 1796 Thomas Berry, on his way from Maryland to the Genesee country, 
 accompanied by his wife and four children, Mary, John, Margaret and Hester, and 
 by James Jennings, his wife's brother, stopped for the night at the Ives inn. Before 
 morning Berry had bargained with Ives for one-half of his tract, including the inn, 
 and thus became a permanent settler. His daughter, Rachel, was born here June 7, 
 1797, and is believed to have been the first white child born within the borough 
 limits. The first election precinct in Tioga township, which then included the 
 whole county, was established at Mr. Berry's house by an act of the legislature April 
 3, 1804. Mr. Berry died April 17, 1807, aged forty-five years, and his widow March 
 8, 1850. After her husband's death she kept the inn or tavern until 1838, managing 
 the business shrewdly and successfully. 
 
 Uriah Spencer, one of the most prominent of the pioneer settlers, came into 
 what is now Lawrence township in 1794, but did not settle within the borough limits 
 of Tioga until after 1800. He was a blacksmith, and built a shop, the first one here, 
 on Main street, in front of the present A. C. Bush residence. Upon the establish- 
 ment, January 1, 1805, of the postofiice, which was named Tioga, he was appointed 
 postmaster, and held the office until July 1, 1809. He was also elected one of the 
 commissioners of the county in October, 1809; was prothonotary from 1818 to 1821, 
 and also prothonotary and register and recorder from 1824 to 1831. He was for many 
 years regarded as an influential citizen, and took a prominent part in all matters of 
 public interest. ' 
 
TIOaA BOROUGH. 507 
 
 Dr. William Willard, a native of Lenox, Massachusetts, came to Tioga in 1798, 
 and settled on land forming a portion of the Peter Eoberts claim, all of which he 
 subsequently acquired. He built a square log house on the ground now occupied 
 by Philo Tuner's drug store, where he kept tavern and practiced medicine. He 
 -WHS appointed postmaster July 1, 1809, and held the oiliee until April 1, 1815. The 
 history of Tioga borough dates from the building of this public house by Dr. Willard. 
 Around it the village, which became known as Willardsburg, slowly grew. None 
 were more active in forwarding its growth and development that Dr. Willard and his 
 son, William Willard, Jr., and no other names are more intimately connected with its 
 early history. The original plot of the village was laid out by William Willard, Jr. 
 Dr. Willard died October 28, 1836, in one of the rooms of the old public house. A 
 few years after his death the name "Willardsburg" was dropped, and "Tioga," the 
 name of the postofice, adopted. 
 
 Owing to its circumscribed area, the borough has grown slowly in population. 
 In 1870 it had 440 inhabitants; in 1880, 530, and in 1890, 557. 
 
 VILLAGE INDtrSTBIES AND ENTEHPBISES. 
 
 Uriah Spencer built a saw-mill during the first decade of the present century 
 near the northern end of the "Island." The mill race ran from the rear of the pres- 
 ent driving park on Crooked creek, in a northeasterly direction, to the Tioga river. 
 Elijah Welsh, and Gershom Wynkoop, both of whom were here as early as 1813, 
 worked in this mill. 
 
 In the latter part of 1813 or early part of 1813, Allen D. Caulking, a native of 
 Broome county, New York, came to Tioga and built the public house, long known 
 as the "Goodrich House." It occupied the lot, now vacant, just south of the Wick- 
 ham block. In one room of this house he opened the first store in the village. A 
 few years later he was succeeded as storekeeper by Levi Vail, an early school. teacher, 
 who came in 1813, and was collector of taxes for the township in 1814. In 1831 
 or 1833 Vail built a store on the site now occupied by the P. S. Tuttle building. 
 Benajah Ives had an interest in the business in 1836-37, the firm being Vail, Ives & 
 Company. They were succeeded by Ambrose Millard, who was in business here 
 from 1838 to 1832. 
 
 Dr. William Willard built a story and a half red house on the present site of 
 the P. S. Tuttle residence, in one room of which he kept store. He was in business 
 in 1821, in which year the late Justus B. Claxk, of Eichmond township, then newly 
 married, bought a portion of his housekeeping outfit of him, and also purchased 
 a hand-saw, for which he paid $3.00, and shingle nails, for which he paid thirty 
 cents a pound. 
 
 In the early twenties William Willard, Jr., erected the "Old Eed Store," on 
 the southeast comer of Main and Park streets. This was occupied in 1823 and 
 1824 by Chris. Charles and Elijah Stiles. In the latter year Stiles was elected county 
 commissioner, and the firm went out of existence. In 1823 or 1824 Jesse Keeney, 
 a native of Connecticut, came here from Cortland county, ISTew York, and erected 
 a wagon-making shop. This enterprise he carried on for a number of years. The 
 shop was afterward remodeled and occupied as a residfence by William Garretson. 
 Levi and Joseph W. Guernsey, tanners and curriers, located about 1825. The latter 
 
508 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ■was afterwards in partnership with his father-in-law, Jonah Brewster, in a store on 
 the site of the Park Hotel. Hobart B. Graves, prominent as a merchant, distiller 
 and builder, came here about 1835. In 1828 he was engaged in the distilling of 
 whiskey, and later had as partners David and Sylvester Beckwith, who afterwards 
 settled permanently in Middlebury township. Their distillery occupied the site 
 of the E. A. Smead hardware store. John Porter, a blacksmith, and, strange as it 
 may seem, a dentist, opened a shop here about 1837, with John Daniels as a partner. 
 In January, 1837, Eankin Lewis & Company moved the office of the Tioga Pioneer 
 here from Wellsboro. Jonah Brewster carried on merchandising from 1839 to 1831, 
 when he removed to "Wellsboro. A. C. and Jabin S. Bush, afterwards prominent 
 as lumbermen and merchants, arrived here and went into business in 1831. Joseph 
 Pish came here the same year and in 1833 established a shoe shop and a small tan- 
 nery. He afterwards carried on a shoe store on Main street. In 1833 Tuthill & 
 Wickham, of Elmira, ISTew York, established a branch store here, with B. C. Wickham 
 in charge, under the firm name of B. C. Wickham & Company. In 1833, also, Daniel 
 A. Lowell, his sons, Martia and William Lowell, and Thomas and Herbert HoUis, 
 all hatters, came here from Chenango county, 'Sew York, and erected for business 
 purposes the main portion of the building, on Wellsboro street, now occupied by 
 Paul Kraiss' furniture store. Henry H. Potter came here from Lawrenceville in 
 1830 and became landlord of the Willard Hotel. He afterwards removed to Middle- 
 bury township. A. D. Cole established a wagon shop and Bobert Andrus a foundry 
 in the rear of the same site previous to 1834. Barney and William Mirch were 
 blacksmiths here about the same time. James A. and William Hathaway came here 
 about 1835, and built a shop on Wellsboro street. E. Derow came here about 1836, 
 and was subsequently a partner of William Willard, Jr., in mercantile business. 
 Butler Smith came here about the same time, became a partner of John C. Knox in 
 merchandising, and afterwards landlord and proprietor of the old Willard House. 
 Joseph Hance, cabinetmaker, and Daniel S. Craig, tailor, came here in 1836, and 
 Henry Pord, tailor, and Lorenzo Pord, harness maker, about 1838. Prank and 
 Benjamin Carey, tailors, and Carpenter H. and Andrew Place, shoemakers, were all 
 here before 1840. 
 
 Henry E. Smith opened a shoe shop here in 1839, and has since been uninter- 
 ruptedly engaged in business. He was bom in 1811, is one of the oldest citizens, 
 and the oldest business man in the county. In January, 1896, Mr. and Mrs. Smith 
 celebrated the sixty-second anniversary of their marriage. This unusual event was 
 rendered all the more remarkable from the fact that during the entire sixty-two 
 years there has not been a death in their family, all their children being alive. Dr. 
 H. H. Borden came here as a carpenter in 1840. He studied medicine under Dr. 
 Abel Humphrey, and was admitted to practice in 1847. He soon afterwards opened 
 a drug store, which, with but a brief interruption, he carried on until his death in 
 July, 1894. Philo TuUer came here as a cabinet maker in 1841, and worked at his 
 trade until the breaking out of the war, when he entered the construction depart- 
 ment of the government service. In 1866 he embarked in the drug business, which 
 he still carries on. P. S. Tuttle, recently deceased, went into business in the fall 
 of 1840, and continued untft about 1880, when he was compelled to retire by reason 
 of impaired eyesight. Maj. Seth Daggett removed here from Jackson township 
 
TIOGA BOKOUGH. 509 
 
 in 1842. His son, Lewis Daggett, was in business here for several years. W. T. 
 TJrell came in 1848, was employed for several years as a clerk, and in 1857 embarked 
 in business for himself. 
 
 The foregoing embrace the principal merchants, manufacturers and tradesmen 
 who located in Tioga previous to its incorporation as a borough. As a rule, they 
 were earnest, honest and sincere men, who came here in their young manhood, with 
 but little capital other than willing hands, tireless energy and active brains. The 
 obstacles they overcame, the discouragements, hardships and privations they ex- 
 perienced and endured, tested patience and fortitude, made them strong, sturdy and 
 self-reliant, and developed in each of them a distinctive individuality, sometimes 
 unique, sometimes eccentric, but always earnest and interesting. 
 
 EAKLY PHYSICIANS AND LAVTTBES. 
 
 Among those who did an important work in forwarding the growth and develop- 
 ment of Tioga were the early physicians and lawyers. By reason of being, as a rule, 
 more liberally educated than the average citizen of the place, they usually took a 
 leading part in all matters of public concern. Dr. William "Willard, the first phy- 
 sician, kept public house and practiced his profession for a number of years. Mention 
 is made of a Dr. Beard, who was also here during the iirst decade of the present 
 century. Dr. Simeon Power came here about 1808 from Knoxville, where he had 
 settled in 1805. He removed to Lawrenceville about 1821, where he resided until 
 his death. His brother. Dr. Pliny Power, came here from Canoe Camp. He mar- 
 ried Brittania Gordon, and remained as a resident physician until 1835. Dr. F. 
 H. White, who lived to be over one hundred years of age, and died a few years ago in 
 Eutland township, was an early physician. Dr. H. Eoberts is credited with being 
 here in 1826, but it is not known how long he remained. Thomas J. Huston was 
 a physician here previous to 1835. Dr. Cyrus Pratt, editor and proprietor of the 
 Tioga Democrat, came here in 1835, but appears to have paid more attention to 
 moulding public opinion than to practicing medicine. Dr. Abel Humphrey located 
 here in 1836, and continued in practice until ill health compelled him to retire. 
 Dr. H. H. Borden, who studied medicine under Dr. Humphrey, was admitted to prac- 
 tice in 1847. He continued to practice until his death in July, 1894. Dr. T. B. 
 Warner was a partner of Dr. Borden for several years, as was also Dr. Charles B. 
 Borden, a son of the latter, and now a prominent physician of Marion, Indiana. 
 Dr. 0. P. Baxden, a representative of the Homeopathic school, located here in 
 1868, and continued to practice until shortly before his death, January 25, 1892. 
 The profession is now represented by Dr. Eobert B. Smith and Dr. S. P. Hakes, of 
 the regular school, and Dr. L. C. Brown, homeopathist. 
 
 M. T. Leavenworth, attorney-at-law, was admitted to practice in the courts of 
 Tioga county May 27, 1826. He appears, however, to have had but a transient resi- 
 dence. Thomas DePui was also one of the earliest lawyers to practice here. William 
 Garretson, who moved from Wellsboro, in January, 1827, is generally regarded as 
 the first lawyer to locate here permanently. He continued as a resident lawyer 
 until 1869, when he was appointed a law clerk in the internal revenue department 
 at Washington, D. C, where he died in 1872. John C. Knox, an early 
 editor and merchant, and aftei-wards associate justice of the State Supreme 
 
g-J^Q HISTOEI OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Court, read law under Garretson and practiced for seyeral years in Tioga, whence 
 he removed to Wellsboro. John W. Maynard practiced here from 1833 to 1840, 
 when he removed to Williamsport. W. H. Higgins came about the same time, but 
 made a brief stay. John W. Guernsey practiced here from 1835 until within a few 
 years of his death, November 29, 1883. Charles H. Seymour comes next in the 
 order of time. He read law under John "W. Guernsey, was admitted to the bar in 
 1847, and continued in active practice until a few years preceding his death, which 
 occurred June 6, 1882. Frederick E. Smith was a contemporary and partner of 
 Seymour for several years. He, too, was a student in Guernsey's office, was admitted 
 to practice in 1849, and was one of the prominent members of the Tioga county bax 
 up to his death, October 8, 1889. Lauren H. Tuttle opened an office in Tioga in 
 1874 and practiced here a few years. The present resident attorneys are Fred B.. 
 Smith, J. H. Putnam and H. L. Baldwin. 
 
 EAELT AND LATEK HOTELS. 
 
 The first public house in Tioga was that of Benajah Ives, erected in 1794 or- 
 1795, near the ford, at the southern end of the "Island." In 1796 Thomas Berry 
 became the proprietor. He carried on the house until his death in April, 1807, from 
 which time until 1838, when she retired, it was carried on by his widow. 
 
 The Willaxd House, erected in 1798, by Dr. William Willard, on the ground 
 now occupied by Philo TuUer's drug store, was a square log house, with two 
 rooms on the first floor, and a sleeping loft or chamber above. It was rebuilt in 
 1809 or 1810, the new edifice being a two-story, clap-boarded frame, with a 
 dancing hall in the second story. Dr. "Willard was the first landlord and was very 
 popular with the traveling public. Among his successors were Henry H. Potter, 
 Buel Smith, and Lyman H. Smith, his son, who enlarged it in 1855. About 1860 
 the property was purchased by Col. H. S. Johnston. A year or two later the new 
 part was moved to the lot just west of the Park Hotel and the old part to the lot. 
 now occupied by the residence of Mrs. E. P. Tnscho. 
 
 The Goodrich House was built by Allen Daniel Caulking in 1813, on the lot,, 
 now vacant, south of the Wickham block. In 1819 Capt. James Goodrich became 
 landlord and continued, save for a period of about ten years, when it was in 
 charge of his lesees, until 1859. It was destroyed in the fire of February 9, 1871, 
 the landlord, at the time, being George W. Hazelett. 
 
 The Smith House was in a sense the successor of the Willard, the new part 
 of which was moved ia 1862 to the ground just west of the Park Hotel, by 
 Lyman H. Smith. He carried it on up to November, 1868, when he sold it to Elias 
 M. Smith, who conducted it until it was burned, February 9, 1871. 
 
 The Park Hotel, a four-story brick, with mansard roof, was built by a stock 
 company at a cost of over $30,000. It was opened to the public July 1, 1876, 
 with Blias M. Smith as landlord. S. 0. Daggett purchased the property in 
 1892, carried it on up to April, 1896, and then sold it to his father and brother, 
 who leased the hotel to Pettibone & Joseph, the present proprietors. 
 
 BOBOUGH OHGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 Tioga was incorporated as a borough in February, 1860. The first electioa 
 for borough officers took place July 3, 1860, at the house of Lyman H. Smiths 
 
TIOGA BOROUGH. Q^^ 
 
 At this election the following officers were chosen: John W. Guernsey, burgess; 
 Jabin S. Bush, Thomas L. Baldwin, Henry E. Smith, Charles 0. Etz and Frederick 
 E. Smith, councilmen; Levi Bigelow, justice of the peace; Stewart M. Geer, 
 high coniiLi.blc-t Crirpenter H. Place, assessor; 0. B. Lowell, judge of election; 
 E. P. H. McY\llisl.cr and Charles J. Wheeler, inspectors of election; Vine DePui 
 and Leroy Tabor, overseers of the poor. 
 
 The first meeting of the council was held July 9, 1860. P. E. Smith was 
 chosen secretary and treasurer of the borough; Stewart M. Geer, poundmaater, 
 and Silas B. Hathaway, street commissioner. This completed the borough 
 organization. 
 
 The names of the burgesses elected from 1861 to 1897, inclusive, are as follows: 
 John W. Guernsey, 1861-63; C. H. Seymour, 1864-66; T. L. Baldwin, 1867; 
 John "W. Guernsey, 1868-69; Joseph Pish, acting burgess, 1870; W. 0. Parr, 1871; 
 Joseph Pish, 1872; C. H. Seymour, 1873; 0. B. Lowell, 1874-76; Dr. Eobert B. 
 Smith, 1877-78; Dr. 0. P. Barden, 1879-81; B. A. Smead, 1883; James Dewey, 
 1883-84; S. M. Geer, 1885-86; C. B. Parr, 1887-88; Dr. C. B. Borden, 1889; C. 
 B. Parr, 1890-91; E. A. Smead, 1892-96, and Philo TuUer, elected in 1897. 
 
 P. E. Smith served as secretary of the borough from July, 1860, to Pebruaxy, 
 1865, and from Pebruary, 1867, to February, 1884. John I. Mitchell served in 
 1865; A. M. Bennett, 1866; Walter T. Merrick from Pebruary, 1884, to October, 
 1885; J. H. Putman from October, 1885, to March, 1890, when P. B. Smith, the 
 present secretary, was chosen. P. E. Smith was treasurer of the borough from 
 July, 1860, to March, 1884; E. A. Smead, until March, 1887; Philo TuUer in 
 1888, and E. A. Smead in 1889. H. L. Baldwin, the present treasurer, has held 
 the office since March, 1890. 
 
 The following have been elected and commissioned justices of the pea.ce for 
 the borough: Levi Bigelow, 1860; William Garretson, 1863; H. H. Borden, 
 1865; re-elected, 1876 and 1890; Joseph Fish, 1866; re-elected, 1871 and 1881; 
 Philo Tuller, 1867; J. Van Osten, 1869; John W. Guernsey, 1872; re-elected, 1883; 
 L. H. Tuttle, 1877; re-elected, 1883; H. L. Baldwin, 1883; re-elected, 1888 and 
 1893; J. H. Putnam, 1885, and P. W. Shappee, 1895. 
 
 The Tioga postoffice, established January 1, 1805, is the oldest in the county. 
 Following is a list of the names of the postmasters of the village and borough 
 from that date to the present: Uriah Spencer, 1805-09; Dr. William Willard, 
 1809-15; William Willard, Jr., 1815-19; John Berry, 1819-21; Capt. Jamea 
 Goodrich, 1821-35; Uriah Spencer, 1835-38; A. C. Bush, 1838-45; Edwin C. 
 Goodrich, 1845-46; William Lowell, 1846-48; Albinus Hunt, 1848-51; Lewis 
 Daggett, 1851-53; H. H. Goodrich, 1853-55; C. G. Dennison, 1855-57; William 
 T. Urell, 1857-61; Lewis Daggett, 1861-65; Mrs. Sarah M. Etz, 1865-68; Philo 
 Tuller, 1868-85; William' T. Urell, 1885-90; James T. Davis, February 10, 1890, 
 to Pebruary 10, 1893, when David C. McAllister, the present incumbent, was 
 appointed. 
 
 TILLAGE AND BOEOUGH NEWSPAPEHS. 
 
 The first newspaper established in Tioga county was the Tioga Pioneer, 
 which made its appeajance at Wellsboro, December 3, 1825. Its publishers were 
 
5X2 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Eankin Lewis & Company. In Januajy, 1837, the place of publication was 
 changed to Tioga. In 1828 Eev. Elisha Booth became proprietor, with William 
 Garretson as associate editor. He changed its name to the Northern Banner. 
 In 1831 or 1832, J. B. Shurtliff became owner, and changed the naiie to the Tioga 
 Democrat. He conducted it about four years and sold it to Dr. Cyrus Pratt, who 
 disposed of it in the spring of 1838 to the late William Adams, of Mansfield. 
 In August, 1840, the office was moved to Lawrenceville, Mr. Adams having dis- 
 posed of a half interest ia it to John C. Knox and others, and the name of the 
 paper was changed to the Lawrence Sentinel. Two years later it was sold to 
 Asa H. Carey, who moved it, so it is said, to Troy, Pennsylvania. 
 
 In 1863, the plant of the Wellsboro Banner was purchased and moved to 
 Tioga, by several gentlemen anxious to have a paper established here. Before, 
 however, they succeeded in getting out an issue, the plant was re-purchased by the 
 Democratic county committee and taken back to Wellsboro. 
 
 The publication of a little four-page sheet was begun March 21, 1872, by 
 Samuel J. McCuUough, Jr., and conducted by him until April, 1873, when it was 
 superceded by the Tioga County Express, an eight-column folio, edited and man- 
 aged by 0. S. Webster and Azro Lumbajd. On September 3, 1875, it passed into 
 the hands of A. H. Bunnell. In March, 1879, he changed its name to the Tioga 
 Express. It ceased publication in September, 1880, Mr. Bunnell removing the 
 plant to Canisteo, New York. February 2, 1883, E. M. Bixby began the pub- 
 lication ot a paper under the old name of Tioga Express. He died in 1883, and 
 his widow carried it on for a time, with the assistance of Joseph H. Geer, who 
 afterwards acquired control of it. It went out of existence in 1886. For some- 
 time after this, the Lawrenceville Herald published a supplement sheet with a 
 Tioga date and heading. In December, 1889, F. G. Babcock revived the Tioga 
 Express, which he published until January, 1891, when he sold it to J. K. Bower, 
 who ran it about a year, when the office was purchased by the Wellsboro 
 Agitator. 
 
 On July 23, 1893, Fred. L. Graves began the publication of the Tioga Argus, 
 a six-column quarto. This paper, which is still in existence, has met with a 
 liberal support, and gives promise of permanence. It is devoted to local 
 news and to the interests of the borough and township. In politics it is inde- 
 pendent. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in Tioga borough was taught about the beginning of the 
 present century by Benjamin Eoberts, in his father's log house, near the foot 
 of the present Park street. Benjamin Eoberts also taught in a house which 
 stood near the site of the barn on the A. C. Bush place. About 1812 or 1813 a 
 building was erected for school purposes, on the T. J. Berry place, below the 
 borough. Among those who taught here were Miss Jemima Hotchkiss, Levi 
 Vail, A. M. Betts, Andrew Pickard, Dennis Hawes, A. M. Traw, John W. 
 Guernsey and others. In 1836 a school building was erected by Hobart B. 
 Graves, on the groimd now occupied by the Catholic church, and used for school 
 purposes until 1889, when the present building on Broad street was erected. It 
 
TIOGA BOEOUGH. 513 
 
 is a two-story frame, with two rooms in the first, and one in the second, story, 
 and cost nearly $3,000. With the erection of this building a graded-sehool 
 course was adopted. Among those who have filled the position of principal are 
 H. L. Baldwin, Ellas Horton, J. C. Doane, J. E. Hazelett and "W. E. Blair, the 
 present incumbent, who has proved himself a capable and competent educator. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Tioga, incorporated, March 17, 1843, is the 
 oldest regularly organized church in the coimty. Its history dates to a meeting 
 held April 34, 1813, at the residence of Benjamin Bentley, near Mitchell's Creek, 
 when a conference was constituted embracing the following persons: David 
 Short, Eichard Mitchell, Nathan Seely, Titus Ives, Charles Blanehard, Benjamia 
 Bentley, Simeon Power, Timothy Ives, Mary Bentley, Euth Ingersole, Abigail 
 Mitchell, Sally Short and Euby Mitchell. A covenant and articles of faith and 
 practice were adopted February 36, 1814, and on June 18, 1814, the place of 
 meeting was changed from the house of Benjamin Bentley to the house of 
 Eichard Mitchell, at Mitchell's Creek, and continued there until December, 1816. 
 The church was formally organized June 30, 1816. The following named per- 
 sons constituted the original members: David Short, James Mitchell, P. Keeney, 
 Elisha Tucker, John Maine, Samuel AVarriner, Charles Blanehard, Euby 
 Mitchell, Anna Keeney, Hannah Welch, Nancy Maine, Catharine Matteson, Sally 
 Short and Abigail Mitchell. Prom 1816 to 1844, the place of meeting was the 
 school house on the Bentley farm, near Mitchell's Creek. In the latter year the 
 present house of worship iu Tioga borough was erected and dedicated. The lot 
 on which it stands was the gift of Elijah DePui, who also gave $250 in money. 
 Labor and material to the amount of about $3,000 were contributed by the other 
 members. The building was erected by S. M. Broakman. The following per- 
 sons have served the church as deacons: Charles Blanehard, Thomas Keeney, 
 Asaph Ellis, Isaac Adams, John Drew, A. C. Keeney, E. T. Bentley, S. S. 
 McKinney and G. W. Dibble. The names of the pastors, in the order of their 
 succession, are as follows: Eevs. David Short, Elisha Tucker, Samuel Bigelow, 
 Elisha Booth, Daniel Piatt, T. S. Sheardown, W. A. Smith, James E. Burdick, 
 Jeremiah Weatherby, Tobias Pinkham, G-. L. Stevens, B. E. Swick, Jacob 
 Kennedy, A. M. Brown, Levi Stone, J. L. Smith, G. P. Watrous, D. E. Mc- 
 Dearmond, 1865-67; A. B. Chase, 1868-71; H. P. Hill, 1872; Eoss Matthews, 
 1873; S. D. Merrick, 1875-85; S. Z. Batten, 1886-87; Allen Peckham, 1888; 
 Fisher Wilson, 1889-91; S. A. Field, 1893-93; S. G. Brundage, 1895, and C. H. 
 Crowl, 1896. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Tioga dates its beginning in June, 
 1826, when a fund was raised by subscription for the purpose of erecting a house 
 of worship. On June 34, of that year, a meeting was held at the house of James 
 Goodrich, in Willardsburg, at which it was resolved to collect the subscriptions 
 and proceed to build. William Willard, Jr., Elisha Booth and Jacob Prutsman 
 were elected trustees to superintendent the building. On October 16, 1826, the 
 subscribers were notified to "furnish the amount of their subscriptions." April 7, 
 1837, the contract for carpenter and joiner work was let, and the frame of the 
 
 33 
 
514 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 building put up. It remained in that condition until 1843, when it was inclosed. 
 In 1844 a charter for the First Methodist Episcopal chvirch of Tioga, was ob- 
 tained. It was united with the church at Lawrenceville, in one charge, until 
 1873, since which time the following pastors have served the Tioga church: 
 Eev. Harvey Lamkin, appointed in 1873; C. J. Bradbury, 1876; G. W. How- 
 land, 1877; Harvey Lamkin, 1879; J. \V. Gamble, 1881; J. D. Eequa, 1883; B. 
 E. Thomas, 1885; T. A. Peterson, 1886; W. A. Linaberry, 1888; C. M. Gardner, 
 1890; D. 0. Chamberlayne, 1891; L. P. Thurston, 1893; Uri Mulford, 1895, and 
 D. E. Stiles, the present pastor, who took charge in October, 1896. The first 
 church building stood fronting Meeting House alley. It was destroyed by fire 
 on the night of February 9, 1871. The new building, dedicated in 1872, stands 
 further east, and fronts on Main street. It is constructed of brick, with freestone 
 trimmings, and cost about $7,000. The lot on which it stands was the gift of 
 William Willard, Jr., and wife, the deed bearing date March 11, 1834. This 
 church and the church in Parmington are under one charge. The membership 
 of the church in Tioga is 135. T. D. Eouse is the superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school, which numbers about ninety students and teachers. 
 
 St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal Church dates the beginning of its history 
 to 1840, in which year an occasional service was held in Tioga by Eev. Charles Breck, 
 rector of St. Paul's church, of Wellsboro. He organized a parish under the 
 name of Christ Church, which, however, failed to secure a charter. Eev. George 
 Hopkins, of Lawrenceville, next supplied the parish, and was followed by Eev. 
 A. A. Marple, of Wellsboro, who held monthly services until September, 1860, 
 when Eev. Thomas H. Cullen took charge. In May, 1861, the parish was ad- 
 mitted into union with the Diocese of Pennsylvania, under the name of St. 
 Andrew's Parish. The charter members of the vestry were John W. Guernsey, 
 J. S. Bush, P. S. Tuttle, S. M. Geer, P. E. Smith, T. L. Baldwin, H. H. Borden 
 and 0. B. Lowell. In January, 1863, Eev. Mr. Cullen resigned, and the parish 
 remaiued without a rector until 1867, when Eev. J. Hobaxt DeMille was called. 
 He remained about a year. In June, 1869, the corner-stone of a frame church 
 building was laid by Eev. Thomas H. Cullen. This building was opened for ser- 
 vice St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 1869. On the night of February 9, 1871, 
 the church and rectory were destroyed by fire. In the following month a 
 temporary chapel was erected. In May, 1871, Eev. John H. Babcock took charge, 
 but soon resigned. In June, 1873, Eev. Thomas H. Cullen was recalled, and it 
 was largely through his efl;orts that the present handsome house of worship was 
 erected, the corner-stone of which was laid by him, August 13, 1873. The build- 
 ing was opened for service on the evening of May 14, 1874. The church is of 
 gothic design, aiid is built of Elkhorn stone, trimmed with light-colored freestone 
 from the Corning quarries. It cost about $13,000. There are four memorial 
 windows, as follows: One on the south side, in memory of Mrs. James Goodrich, 
 given by her children; one on the north side, in memory of S. Morris Wain, of 
 Philadelphia, given by his sister, and two in front, in memory of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Levi Bigelow, donated by their children. A beautiful stone font is the gift of 
 Mrs. Edwin A. Meade, of New York, and Mrs. S. S. Caldwell, of Omaha, Ne- 
 braska, in memory of their children, Bertie Meade and Annie Caldwell. ' The 
 
TIOGA BOEOUGH. 515 
 
 chancel rail was presented by Mrs. Thomas H. Cullen. Kneeling stools were 
 given by Miss Eachel Morris, and book racks by Mrs. A. C. Bush and Mrs. F. B. 
 Smith. The gilt cross surmounting the spire is the gift of Mrs. John W. 
 Guernsey. The building was consecrated Tuesday, May 23, 1877, by Et. Eev. M. 
 A. DeWolfe Howe, D. D., bishop of the Diocese of Central Pennsylvania. The 
 successors of Mr. Cullen have been Eevs. John London, Percy Clinton Webber, 
 Percy J. Eobottom, W. G. Wells, William DuHamel and F. Southgate Hipkins. 
 Eev. L. B. Thomas, the present rector, took charge in November, 1894. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Tioga was organized Wednesday, January 25, 
 1852, by Eev. J. S. McCuUough, with nine members, as follows: Mrs. Eunice 
 Aiken, Miss Abigail Preston, Mrs. Amelia Wellington, Cyrus B. and Mrs. 
 Eliza B. Hathaway, Miss Anna Maria Wickham, Mrs. Emeline Guernsey, Mrs. 
 Emily L. McCuUough, and the pastor, Eev. J. S. McCuUough. Through the per- 
 sonal efforts and financial aid of Mr. McCuUough, B. C. Wickham, Joseph and 
 David L. Aiken, J. B. Steele, Mr. Slocum and others, the present church building 
 on Broad street was erected in 1851, at a cost of over $2,000. Mr. McCuUough 
 served the church as pastor from its organization until 1868. His successors have 
 been Eevs. D. Otis Fletcher, 1868 to 1871; E. H. Shumway, 1871 to 1872; 
 William Baldwin, May 1, 1872, to March 9, 1885; Albert Bacon, supply from 
 May 17, to August 9, 1885; W. L. Woodruff, supply, August 9, 1885, to No- 
 vember 9, 1885; F. S. Houser, December 13, 1885, to May 29, 1887; W. H. 
 Tussing, supply, June 5, 1887, to September 11, 1887; S. D. Merrick, (Baptist), 
 supply, time not stated; J. L Campbell, April 7, 1891, to March 6, 1892; J. H. 
 Elliott, from latter date to March 8, 1895, when the pulpit became vacant. The 
 church was incorporated September 4, 18C9, and now consists of over seventy 
 members. Eobert Bishop is the superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
 
 St. Marxfs Catholic Church was organized in 1861, in which year the old 
 village school building was purchased and used as a house of worship. The price 
 paid was $550, and it was dedicated under the pastorship of Eev. Father Gogan. 
 Among the original members were the following named persons and their families: 
 John Kinney, John Eouen, Peter Burns, Edward Eogers, Charles Hickey, James 
 Kelly, John Gleason and John O'Neal. In 1880 the old buUding was sold to E. 
 A. Smead, who removed it to the rear of his hardware store, and a new church 
 building was erected on the lot at a cost of nearly $3,000. The building was dam- 
 aged by the flood of June, 1889, but was repaired and greatly improved by the 
 addition of a handsome new altar in 1892. Services axe held twice a month by 
 the pastor of St. Peter's church, Wellsboro. The Sunday-school is in charge 
 of Miss Jennie Norton. . 
 
 SECKET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Willardsburg Lodge was the name of the first Masonic society organized in 
 Tioga. The lodge room was in the second story of Dr. Willard's residence, and 
 among its members were Dr. William Willard, his sons, William and Henry; Col. 
 Ambrose Millard and Harris Hotehkiss. During the excitement, in 1829 and 
 1830, attendant upon the disappearance of William Morgan, Colonel Millard, and a 
 
516 HISTORY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 few other members of this lodge, used to meet in the woods, in order to keep its 
 charter from lapsing. The lodge, however, went out of existence soon afterward. 
 
 Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. M., was chartered October 16, 1866. Previous 
 to its organization a number of the resident Masons of Tioga were members of 
 Painted Post Lodge, at Coming, New York. They became either charter or early- 
 members of the lodge here, which elected the following officers and perfected its 
 organization July 11, 1867: H. S. Johnson, W. M.; T. E. Warren, S. W.; 
 Calvin Hammond, J. W.; J. S. Bush, T.; ¥. H. Adams, S.; Philo Tuller, S. D. 
 The lodge now numbers sixty-six members, and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 Adelphic Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted October 8, 1847, and retained its 
 charter until April 2, 1857, when it was removed to Eoseville. The first officers 
 of the lodge, elected December 23, 1847, were as follows: John W. Guernsey, 
 N. G.; Alpha D. Cole, V. G.; F. E. Smith, S.; Edgar D. Seeley, A. S., ajid John 
 Mathews, T. 
 
 Tioga Biver Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered May 1, 1873, with the 
 following officers: S. M. Geer, N. G.; A. E. Niles, V. G.; 0. P. Barden, S.; C. 
 B. Parr, A. S., and C. P. Miller, T. 
 
 Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. R., named in honor of Lieut. Charles 0. Etz, who 
 was killed at the battle of Malvern Hill, July 14, 1862, was organized December 
 14, 1883. The commanders have been A. S. Eeynolds, H. Pickering Schuyler 
 Beers, Charles Eyon, N. E. Shappee, A. H. Eawson and William Kimball. About 
 eighty soldiers of the Union army have been mustered into this post since its 
 organization. 
 
 The beneficiary orders are represented as follows: Phoenix Lodge, No. 933, 
 K. of H., organized March 7, 1878. It has thirteen members. Keystone Lodge, 
 No. 105, 0. 0. W., was organized February 9, 1892, and now has fourteen mem- 
 bers. Tioga Tent, No. 176, K. 0. T. M., was instituted June 10, 1893. It has 
 now about thirty members and is growing. 
 
 LATER BUSINESS AND MANUFACTITHING ENTERPRISES. 
 
 The Tabor, Mathews & Company foimdry was established in 1849, on the 
 site now occupied by the store of M. S. Field and the Smith & Peek meat market. 
 About 1860 this foundry burned down and was not rebuilt. 
 
 The Union Tanning Company, a member of the corporation known as the 
 United States Leather Company, operates a tannery on Wellsboro street, devoted 
 to the tanning of sole leather. Its output is 400 sides of leather a day; its con- 
 sumption of hemlock bark 6,000 cords a year, and it gives employment to fifty 
 men. L. E. Johnson is the superintendent, and ' C. A. Nearing the foreman. 
 The original tannery, of which this is the successor, was started in the winter of 
 1853-54, by Joseph Fish and Charles Somers. Among those who afterward ac- 
 quired either a partial or controlling interest in it, were Ira Wells, H. F. Wells, 
 Col. H. S. Johnston, 0. B. Lowell, C. B. Farr and others. In 1882, while being 
 operated by Lowell & Company, it suspended, and almost immediately passed into 
 the hands of the Wellsboro Leather Company, who were succeeded by Garrett, 
 Davidge & Company, who in February, 1892, sold out to the Union Tanning 
 Company. During the time Garrett, Davidge & Company were in control, a 
 
TIOGA BOKOUGH. 517 
 
 currier shop was erected by the Tioga Improvement Company, and was run in 
 connection with the tannery— which was then an upper leather tannery — by Dew- 
 son, Williams & Company, of Boston. Since passing intO' the control of the 
 "Union Tanning Company, the plant has been devoted to the production of sole 
 leather exclusively. 
 
 The Tioga County Bank was incorporated May 11, 1857, and organized with 
 T. L. Baldwin, president, and John "W. Guernsey, cashier. The authorized capital 
 was $100,000, with permission to increase to $200,000. It began business with 
 a paid up capital of $56,610. The control soon fell into the hands of outside 
 parties, who came near wrecking it. B. C. Wickham and A. S. Turner took 
 charge, and by advancing their private funds restored its credit. Henry H. Good- 
 rich was made teller and book-keeper. On the night of May 34, 1864, the bank, 
 then located in a private dwelling, was entered, the safe blown open and robbed 
 of $21,000 in cash and bonds. The safe, at the time, contained $102,000 in cur- 
 rency and United States bonds. Fright on the part of the robbers is given as the 
 reason why a larger amount was not secured. The robbery is still an unsolved 
 mystery. None of the money or bonds was ever recovered. July 1, 1866, the in- 
 stitution was changed to a private bank, with B. C. Wickham, president, and 
 David L. Aiken, cashier. It continued business under the name of B. C. Wick- 
 ham & Company's Banking Hotise, until December 13, 1883, when it suspended. 
 The suspension was a severe blow to the prosperity of the borough, and one from 
 which it did not recover for years. 
 
 The Bolert Bishop Factory, at the foot of Park street, is the successor of the 
 old Van Name factory, established about 1860 by Charles Van Name. He died 
 in 1867, and was succeeded by his brother, John Van Name. Mr. Bishop first 
 entered the factory as an employe; then became a partner, and, in 1872, the sole 
 proprietor. The factory is devoted to the manufacture of butter tubs and firkins, 
 tobacco cases, boxes and finished lumber. 
 
 The Lucky Oil Well Company, with a nominal capital of $150,000, was 
 chartered April 18, 1865. The officers were Edward Bayer, president; T. L. Bald- 
 win, vice-president; A. M. Bennett, secretary, and Henry H Goodrich, treasurer. 
 A tract of land on Bear creek, two miles from Tioga, was leased from Abiel Sly, 
 known by the sobriquet of "Old Lucky." A well was sunk to the depth of 923 
 feet, at a cost of over $7,000. The well was tubed and pumped, and a small 
 quantity of oil obtained from it. 
 
 Yoorhees, Aiken & Company, cigar manufacturers, began business in Tioga, 
 in 1880. They had a capital of $25,000, and their factory was conducted on a 
 large scale, employment being given to 100 hands. The failure, December 13, 
 1883, of B. C. Wickham & Company's Banking House, crippled the enterprise. 
 In March, 1884, the factory was sold to Mansfield parties, and there continued 
 under the name of G. S. Voorhees & Company. 
 
 T. 0. Hetfield's Cigar Factory was started in 1888, one and a quarter miles 
 west of Tioga, on the Wellsboro road. September 15, 1893, it was destroyed by 
 fire. He resumed business in the borough, remaining until April, 1895, when he 
 removed back to the old site west of town, having, in the meantime, rebuilt his 
 residence and factory. 
 
518 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 TIOGA WATEE WOEKS. 
 
 As early as 1828, Hobart Graves brought water in wooden pipes to his dis- 
 tillery, on "Wellsboro street. The pipes were pine logs with holes bored through 
 them lengthwise. A few private residences were also supplied by Mr. Graves. The 
 great pressure, however, made it difficult to keep the pipes in repair, and they were 
 finally abandoned to disuse and decay. 
 
 The Tioga Water Works Company was organized in 1874, with T. A. Wick- 
 ham as superintendent, and Charles A. Wickham as engineer. Work was com- 
 menced August 23, of that year, and the water let into the pipes December 16. 
 The water is brought from Bentley's creek, over nearly the same course as that 
 followed by Hobart Graves in 1828. The storage reservoir is a basin of the creek, 
 320 feet above the level of the borough, and has a capacity of 1,200,000 gallons. The 
 distributing reservoir stands on the brow of East hill, 220 feet above the borough, 
 and has a capacity of 750,000 gallons. The specific gravity system is used, and 
 the consumption averages about 500,000 gallons. The company was incorporated 
 January 20, 1888, with a capital of $15,000, divided into 600 shares, 476 shares being 
 owned by Eufus S. Frost, of Chelsea, Massachusetts; eight shares by T. A. Wick- 
 ham, and four each by Edward G. Schieffelin, Henry L. Baldwin, C. B. Eaxr and 
 J. E. Sweetland, of Tioga. T. A. Wickham has been the superintendent of the 
 company since its organization. 
 
 HOSE COMPANIES. 
 
 The Parle Hose Company was organized in 1874. Its membership was made 
 up of the leading citizens and the most active yoimg men of the borough. It did 
 good service whenever called upon, and won many honors in the tournaments 
 of the county's firemen. 
 
 Smead Hose Company, No. 1, the successor of the Park Hose Company, was 
 organized June 2, 1893, and was named in honor of E. A. Smead, who was then 
 burgess. The names of the charter members and the first officers of this organi- 
 zation, are as follows: W. C. Adams, president; I. L. Eich, vice-president; 
 Daniel Berry, treasurer; W. C. Wells, secretary; H. Pickering, chief engineer; 
 George Abrams, foreman; E. D. Brigham, first assistant; George M. Eice, second 
 assistant; J. F. Decker, Alfred J. Dewey, A. A. Porter, F. D. Eeynolds, E. B. 
 Smith, W. Marsh, W. J. Hughes, Eoyal Wheeler, F. L. Aiken, John Day, John 
 J. Davis, Jr., Daniel Holleran, B. B. Eundall, F. W. Shappee, John Kreiger, W. 
 Jack and Herman Kemp. 
 
 FIEE AND FLOOD. 
 
 On the evening of February 9, 1871, a fire, originating in the restaurant of 
 the basement of A. C. Bush's store, resulted in the destruction of the business 
 portion of the borough. It swept away thirteen stores, the Protestant Episcopal 
 church and rectory, the Methodist Episcopal church building, one law office, one 
 wagon shop, the bank building, the old Goodrich Hotel and the newer Smith 
 Hotel buildings, a marble shop, two dwellings and a number of outbuildings. 
 The loss of these, with their contents, though severely felt by their owners, 
 proved, in the end, of benefit to the borough. Aside from calling into activity a 
 
TIOGA BOEOTTGH. glQ 
 
 latent spirit of enterprise, and giving to the borough a new impetus in the 
 direction of progress and prosperity, it led to the establishment of fire limits, and 
 the passage of an ordinance prohibiting the erection of wooden buildings within 
 the burnt district. The work of rebuilding was promptly begun, and it was not 
 long before the old wooden structures were replaced by substantial and sightly 
 buildings of brick and stone. These not only add much to the appearance of 
 the business portion of the borough, but afford a reasonable security against a 
 repetition of the calamity. 
 
 Early on the morning of Saturday, June 1, 1889, the people of the borough 
 were aroused from their slumbers by an invasion of the waters of Crooked creek 
 and the Tioga river into the lower stories of their houses. These streams, swollen 
 by the incessant rains of the previous day and night, had overflowed their banks, 
 and had risen with unprecedented rapidity. In a few hours the water stood from 
 one to six feet deep in the residences, and was over the counter tops of most of 
 the stores in the borough. So sudden and rapid was the rise, coming as it did 
 in the last hours of the night when the people of the borough were wrapped 
 in slumber, that there was no time to prepare for it. Millions of feet of logs, 
 lumber and timber, borne on the rushing and rapidly rising current, added terror 
 to the situation, threatening, as they did, the entire destruction of the town. 
 The people fled to the upper stories of their buildings or sought safety on the 
 hillsides, and many stories of remarkable escapes from death are related by those 
 who were taken unawares by the sudden rising of the waters, which attained a 
 height of four or five feet beyond any other flood in the history of the borough. 
 The lodgement of logs, lumber, outbuildings, etc., in the ten-acre orchard at the 
 back of the A. C. Bush residence, proved providential, and prevented many build- 
 ings from being torn from their foundations and carried down stream. The 
 breaking of Crooked creek through the embankment southeast of the borough, 
 added volume to the flood and peril to the situation, and for a time the entire 
 destruction of the place seemed imminent. The flood attained its greatest height 
 in about four hoiirs, and receded as rapidly as it rose, leaving the streets, yards, 
 gardens, and vacant lots filled with logs and a miscellaneous accumulation of 
 trash and debris. The carpets, floors and submerged contents of residences and 
 business houses were covered with a deposit of several inches of mud, and 
 furniture, books, goods, etc., were either greatly damaged or utterly ruined. The 
 loss of property, within the borough limits alone, exceeded $50,000, the heaviest 
 individual losers being Eobert Bishop and T. A. Wickham. The box factory of 
 the former, on Park street, was badly wrecked, and nearly his entire stock of 
 lumber, including 300,000 feet of box pine, was carried away. His loss was 
 $7,000. Mr. "Wickham lost logs and lumber to the value of $5,000. Growing 
 Crops in flelds and gardens were destroyed, and it was months before the streets, 
 alleys and individual grounds were cleared of the logs, lumber and debris of the 
 flood, and the borough resumed its former neat and attractive appearance. As 
 in the case of the fire of 1871, measures were immediately taken to prevent a 
 recurrence of the disaster. * 
 
 The following entry relative to this inundation appears in the record book 
 of the borough clerk, under date of June 1, 1889: 
 
520 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 GEEAT FLOOD 
 
 Water higher, by four and a half to five feet, than ever known here before. This 
 book was under water six to eight hours. The streets were filled with logs, flood trash 
 and outbuildings, after the water went down. 
 
 This flood, and the damage to property resulting from it, led the council to 
 provide for the construction of a dyke along the west bank of the Tioga river, 
 from the southern limit of the borough to the foot of Broad street. This dyke, 
 which cost betn^een $2,000 and $3,000, is above high water mark, and will, it is 
 believed, protect the borough from further inundation. 
 
 CHAPTEE XLIY. 
 
 LAWEENCE TOWISTSHIP AND LAWEENCEVILLE*. 
 
 Township Organization— Selection of Name— Boundaries and Area— Physical 
 Features— Early Land Troubles— Conflicting Claims of Pennsylvania 
 AND Connecticut— Final Settlement of the Dispute— The State Line 
 Survey— Hon. Samuel Baker, the First White Settler- Other Early Set- 
 tlers—The Borough of Lawrenceville— Manufacturing and Business 
 Enterprises— Physicians and Lavtyers- Newspapers— Schools— Churches, 
 Sabbath-Schools and Cemeteries— Justices and Burgesses— Societies— 
 horacetown. 
 
 PEIOK to 1816 the township of Tioga, which originally included all of Tioga 
 county, had been reduced by the formation of other townships, to a terri- 
 tory six and one-half miles wide from east to west, extending from its present 
 southern boundary north, nine and three-fourths miles to the State line. At 
 the February term of court, 1816, a petition was presented, signed by Joseph M. 
 McCormick, John Eyon, Jr., James Baldwin, Nathaniel Seely, Emmer Bowen, 
 Andrew Bosard, Joseph Bennet, John Hazlett, Ebenezer Baldwin, John AUing- 
 ton and James Daily, praying for a certain described territory, comprising the 
 northern part of Tioga and the eastern part of Elkland, to be erected into a 
 separate township. Whereupon, February 32, 1816, the court appointed Charles 
 Blanchard, John Cady and Daniel Walker, viewers, who at the following term 
 reported in favor of setting off the new township, and the report was confirmed 
 nisi. At the^ September term following (September 16), "upon the petition of 
 divers inhabitants of the townships of Tioga and Elkland, setting forth that a 
 
 * By Rev. David Craft, of I^awrenceville. 
 

LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENOEVILLE. 521 
 
 township hath lately been formed out of part of each of the townships of Elkland 
 and Tioga, which township, if confirmed by order of the court, will be injurious 
 and burdensome" to the inhabitants of said townships, and therefore "pray the 
 court to appoint suitable persons to reyiew the same. The court upon due con- 
 sideration do order and appoint Ebenezer Seelye, Elihu Hill and Lorentes Jack- 
 son, to review the township thus laid off as aforesaid and enquire into the pro- 
 priety of forming the same." At the following December term (December 6), 
 the reviewers reported as follows: "That we consider the convenience of a more 
 compact township to overbalance the expense that will eventually arise from such 
 division, therefore, think proper that the new township begin at the ninety-fifth mile- 
 stone of the York State line; thence south four miles to a hemlock comer; thence 
 east eight miles and a half to a stake; thence north four miles to the State line; 
 thence along said State line [west] to the place of beginning. The report having 
 been read the first time on the 17th of this month, December, and a second time 
 on the 18th instant, the court (consisting of Hon. James Burnside, president; Ira 
 Kilburn and Samuel W. Morris, associate judges) do approve and confirm the 
 same, and order and direct that it be entered of record, according to the courses 
 and distances aforesaid, and in grateful remembrance of the gallant James Law- 
 rence, of the United States navy, who fell in the action between the Chesapeake 
 and the Shannon, call this township Lawrence." 
 
 The township as thus described is bounded on the north by the New York 
 state line, on the east by Jackson, on the south by Tioga and Farmington, on the 
 west by Farmington and Kelson, and contains thirty-four squsj-e miles, 30,760 
 acres, nearly all of which is arable land. The Tioga river enters the south line 
 of the township about three miles from its southeast corner, takes a course a little 
 west of north, leaving the township a few rods east of the ninetieth milestone. 
 The Cowanesque, its principal affluent, enters the township from the west, about 
 a mile and a half south from its northwest corner, flows in a mean northeasterly 
 direction, leaves the township between the ninetieth and ninety-first milestones, 
 and empties itself into the Tioga a short distance north of the State line. These 
 streams flow through broad valleys, whose rich soil, of deep alluvium, is very pro- 
 ductive and adapted to great variety of culture. While all crops are remu- 
 nerative, of late years tobacco has been the leading product. The valleys are 
 bounded by low ranges of hills from 500 to 600 feet in height, when they spread 
 out in broken plateaus, which, until recently, were heavily timbered, but now 
 contain some of the best farms in the coimty. The principal streams that fall 
 into the Tioga from the east are. Smith's, Hart's and Westbrook creeks, which, 
 having their heads in the plateau above the river flats, have cut deep ravines 
 through the soft shales, not wide enough for farming purposes, but affording 
 magnificent scenery and beautiful drives on roads of easy grades. The Tioga 
 branch of the Erie railway is built in the ravine of Westbrook creek. On the 
 west there are no affluents of any size within the limits of the township. A creek 
 of considerable size, having its sources in the Farmington hills, flows into the 
 Cowanesque at Tompkins, the only affluent of much volume it receives after enter- 
 ing the township. 
 
522 HISTOKT OF TIOQA COUNTY. 
 
 BAKLT LAND TROUBLES. 
 
 Those familiar with Pennsylvania history will remember that the charter of 
 the Connecticut Colony gave her a territory extending through its entire breadth 
 of latitude from Charles river to the Pacific ocean, except where occupied by 
 some other Christian prince or State. The territory subsequently grajited to 
 William Penn lapped tipon this grant more than the width of one degree of 
 latitude, across the entire northern part of Pennsylvania. Connecticut claimed 
 this on the ground that her charter was nineteen years older than Penn's. Ac- 
 cordingly, in 1754, she assigned to certain freemen and their associates, known 
 as the Susquehanna Company, that portion of her territory from ten miles east 
 of the northeast branch of the Susquehanna river, westward through the whole 
 breadth of latitude, two degrees of longitude, or one hundred twenty miles, or 
 measured on the State boundary line from the forty-sixth to the one hundred 
 sixty-sixth milestone — from the eastern part of Bradford county to the Tuna 
 valley in McKean. The strifes, conflicts, captures, reprisals, destruction of 
 property, special legislation, compromises and law suits, growing out of this 
 claim, which disturbed the Susquehanna valley for half a century, cannot here 
 be discussed. The New England settlers believing the Pennsylvania government 
 had taken an unfair advantage of the "Decree of Trenton," made December 30, 
 1782, which conceded to Pennsylvania the jurisdiction and pre-emption of the 
 disputed strip, by the oppressive, unreasonable and tyrannical legislation, which 
 had been harshly enforced against them, a meeting was held at Hartford, July 
 13, 1785, at which it was resolved that the company would support its claim to 
 the purchase, protect the settlers and give as a gratuity a large number of rights 
 to such as would come upon the ground and maintain by force and arms, if need 
 be, their possessions. This resolution was scattered broadcast over New England 
 and hundreds, mostly young men, or relatives of the old settlers, rushed upon 
 the disputed territory. 
 
 In disposing of their lands, the company surveyed them into townships as 
 nearly five miles square as the conformity of the land would allow, each con- 
 taining twenty-five square miles, or lp,000 acres, which were divided into fifty- 
 three shares or rights of 300 acres each, fifty of which were for settlers and three 
 for public use. Hamilton, which embraced the present borough of Lawrence- 
 ville, was granted as early as 1790. May 30, 1796, Major Zephon Flower, the 
 surveyor of the Susquehanna Company, ran the projection of the east line of it 
 for fifteen miles. His field notes read: "A survey of part of Hemhnton and 
 other towns." Beginning at the eighty-ninth milestone he indicates the streams 
 crossed and their courses, with observations as to the timber, quality of land, etc. 
 
 The earliest emigrants into this county were mostly young men from New 
 England and eastern New York, either single or recently married, who, availing 
 themselves of the liberal offers of the Susquehanna Company, thought to secure 
 for themselves, at small price, farms and homes on the rich bottom lands of the 
 Tioga and the Cowanesque. Their route was by the way of the Susquehanna and 
 Tioga rivers through Athens, Newtown, now Elmira, and Painted Post to their 
 destination. 
 
 Immediately after the piirchase of the Indian claim by Pennsylvania to the 
 
LAWEBNCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENCEVILLE. 523 
 
 north-western portion of her territory, the land office was opened and the land sur- 
 veyed and offered for sale at a price which was soon reduced to six and one-fourth 
 cents per acre. Speculation ran wild. Philadelphia merchants, bankers, men hold- 
 ing public office and others invested to the utmost limit of their money and credit. 
 As early as May, 1785, warrants of survey were laid on both sides of the rivers, and 
 patents were granted on some of them as early as 1793. Great efforts were made 
 to sell these warrants to settlers, but the uncertainty about title led them to hesitate 
 in making investments. Men who had embarked in these speculations soon found 
 themselves greatly embarrassed and unable to maJce their payments. Their lands 
 were sold by sheriffs and United States marshals for taxes and warrant fees, and 
 many were hopelessly ruined. 
 
 In the meanwhile, after pursuing a vacillating course toward the Connecticut 
 people for more than sixteen year, in 1799, the Pennsylvania legislature reached 
 a settled policy in its dealings with them. The confirming law passed that year, 
 with its various supplements, made a distinction between the Susquehanna Com- 
 pany's settlers prior to the Decree of Trenton and those who came later — "half- 
 share men" — confirming the titles of the former to the lands they occupied, and, 
 using the language of an eminent judge, "cutting up the pretended titles of the 
 half -share men by the roots." 
 
 The question of title being settled the landholders, in 1806, appointed as their 
 agent Thomas Overton, of Ulster, Bradford county, who came here in the summer 
 of that year, and with great tact and persuasion prevailed upon most of the settlers 
 to abandon their worthless Connecticut titles and buy of the Pennsylvania owners. 
 The people had no money. The little they once had, had been expended in the 
 purchase of their Connecticut rights and the improvement of their farms. Mr. 
 Overton, however, arranged easy terms of payment, which was secured by bond and 
 mortgage upon the holding. He was succeeded by Michael E. Tharp, who adjusted 
 the great majority of titles and is still remembered by the older people. The first 
 volume of records in the recorder's office in this county is mostly filled with mort- 
 gages upon farms along the river given to secure the payment of the purchase money, 
 and many of the deeds contain a warranty which can only be understood by remem- 
 bering that to a part or the whole of the land conveyed there was an adverse title 
 from another State. 
 
 In 1786 commissioners and surveyors began to run the boundary line between 
 the States of 'New York and Pennsylvania, beginning at the Delaware river and going 
 westward. When reaching the ninetieth milestone, which stands near the northeast 
 corner of William Kuhl's barn, in the borough of Lawreneeville, they suspended 
 work until the following spring, when it was resumed. At the re-survey of this 
 line, in 1879, astronomical observations were taken at this point, which was found 
 to be exactly 42° 00^ .01't0".14 north latitude, the exact parallel cutting the houses 
 on the north side of State street. At the time of running this line there was not a 
 white settler farther up the Tioga than Painted Post. The open plains at the junc- 
 tion of the Cowanesque, where generations before the red man had cultivated his 
 corn and squashes, had now grown up in hazel bushes, or were covered with wild grass 
 higher than a man's head, but as yet no white man had sought it for a habitation or 
 located upon its fertile meadows his future home. 
 
524 HISTOET OF TIOSA COUNTY. 
 
 HON. SAMUEL BAKEE, THE FIEST WHITE SETTLES. 
 
 The distinction of being the first white settler within the township of Lawrence, 
 and indeed in the county of Tioga, belongs to the Hon. Samuel Baker,* late of 
 Steuben county, Few York. He was born in Branford, Connecticut, April 24, 1763, 
 of Puritan ancestry. Jonathan Baker, father of Samuel, removed with his family 
 to White Creek, Washington county, ISTew York, before the Revolutionary War. 
 Early in August, 1777, Burgoyne was marching by easy stages from Ticonderoga to 
 the Hudson. The forests in advance of him were swarming with hostile savages. 
 One of these parties came upon young Baker and a younger brother picking berries. 
 Both boys hid themselves and might have escaped had not Samuel been too anxious 
 to see a live Indian, when he was discovered and captured. The next day, after a 
 journey of considerable hardship, the party reached the camp of Burgoyne, and 
 Samuel was redeemed by a British officer for twelve dollars, and became a waiter 
 at army headquarters. After the surrender of Burgoyne he was found by an 
 American officer, who gave him two dollars and told him to go home, which he did, 
 and remained there until 1781. In that year, at the age of eighteen, he enlisted in 
 Col. Maxius Willett's regiment, for the protection of Tryon county, and took part 
 in the skirmish of Canada Creek, in which the noted Tory leader, Capt. Walter 
 Butler, was killed. 
 
 In 1786 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Eichaxd Daniels. Having pur- 
 chased a right in the Susquehanna Company, in the spring of 1787, provided with 
 only his rifle, he started alone to locate his land on the Tioga, the unexplored west. 
 Striking the headwaters of the Susquehanna, he came to Tioga Point (now Athens), 
 then pushed up the Tioga to Painted Post, and on to its junction with the Cowan- 
 esque, and there he built his cabin and commenced a clearing. His log house was 
 near the west bank of the Tioga, almost directly east of the residence of Charles Beebe, 
 in Lawrenceville, near a large oak on the lands of Mrs. Damon. He was the first 
 settler in the valley of the Tioga in Pennsylvania. Samuel Harris, son of John 
 Harris, the founder of Harrisburg, located at Painted Post, was his nearest neighbor, 
 and next to him was Colonel Hendry, below Big Flats. Having provided himself 
 with a cow, purchased probably at Tioga Point, Mr. Baker managed to live through 
 the summer. He planted with his hoe a piece of com and raised a good crop. 
 Game and fish were to he had at his own door. 
 
 Before autumn he was joined by Capt. Amos Stone, who had been a prominent 
 actor in Shay^s notable rebellion against the operation of the Federal Constitution 
 in western Massachusetts. Shay's army was defeated January 35, 1787, and his 
 adherents sought refuge from the federal authorities wherever they could. Baker 
 and Stone remained here alone until Christmas day, 1787, when Baker, leaving 
 Captain Stone to hold his claim, started for the Hudson to bring on his wife and 
 child. The weather was severe. Night overtook him at Big Flats. He kindled 
 a fire on the bank of the river and laid down, but though accustomed to exposure, 
 so intense was the cold he could not sleep. Early in the morning he resumed his 
 journey, and in due time reached his family in safety. 
 
 * For the facts relating to Samuel Baker and Richard Daniels, I am indebted to A. J. McAU, Esq., of Bath, 
 New York, who. obtained them at first hand. 
 
LAWEENCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENCEVILLB. 525 
 
 In the spring of 1788 he brought his wife and infant daughter, accompanied 
 by his wife's father and mother, to Tioga Point. Leaving his family here until 
 the freshet in the Tioga should subside, he struck across the country to see how his 
 friend Stone fared. On reaching the bank opposite his cabin not a human being, 
 except an Indian pounding corn in a samp mortar, was to be seen. Baker supposed 
 his friend had been murdered by the savages, and he lay in the bushes an hour or 
 two to watch the red miller. At length he saw the captain driving the cow along 
 the bank of the river. Baker hailed him, when Stone, seeing who it was, sprang 
 into the air with delight. He had not seen the face of a white man during Baker's 
 absence. In a few days, returning to the Point, he brought his wife and little one 
 and his wife's parents to their new home in the forest. 
 
 Now that his family was with him, Mr. Baker, with redoubled energy and zeal, 
 set himself to work to make for them a comfortable home. There were many 
 Indians living in the neighborhood, who, though peaceable, yet now and then by 
 their unexpected visits caused the young wife some trepidation. She had, however, 
 far more dangerous neighbors in the deadly rattlesnakes which swarmed in great 
 numbers in the vicinity. One day while engaged in some out of door duties, her 
 little one, whom she had carried in her arms from the Hudson the year before, was 
 sitting upon the sUl of the open door. Casually turning her eyes that way, the 
 mother witnessed a sight that would have paralyzed an ordinary woman. A large 
 rattler was eoUed in front of the child attempting to charm it, while the child was 
 reaching out her tiny hand to clutch the sparkling, diamond-like eyes of the reptile. 
 The snake would duck its head to avoid the hand. This it did several times. The 
 mother, equal to the emergency, flew to the rescue, reached over the glittering 
 charmer, seized the child, threw it into the house and killed the snake. Por several 
 years the sturdy pioneer quietly pursued his labors and diligently sought to enlarge 
 his clearing and make comfortable his woodland home. 
 
 Early in June, 1793, the settlers were startled by a cavalcade of battered, travel- 
 stained horsemen, and shaggy, leather-dressed hunters emerging from the forest 
 into the clearing. Their first thought was of a party of Pennsylvanians to dis- 
 possess them of their homes which they were holding under a Connecticut title 
 that had been declared void by the Pennsylvania legislature. The leader was a tall, 
 spare, dark-visaged gentleman of courtly manner and bearing, who, as he gracefully 
 vaulted from his saddle, introduced himself as Captain Williamson, "of whom you 
 have doubtless heard," and craved the hospitality of the frontiersman. The greet- 
 ing in return was most cordial, and from that day the two men were fast friends. 
 
 Great uneasiness was begimiing to be felt by the settlers here on account of 
 the uncertainty of their Connecticut titles. Captain Williamson promised Mr. 
 Baker a farm, with a clear title, of any shape or size he should wish wherever he 
 should locate it on the Pultney estate. At the suggestion of Benjamin Patterson, 
 one of Williamson's surveyors, he located a farm in the deep and beautiful valley 
 extending from Lake Keuka to the Conhocton. In the summer of 1793 he went 
 upon his location, erected a log house, made a clearing, receiving a conveyance from 
 Mr. Williamson, dated October 19, 1793, for 300 acres of land, after which he re- 
 turned for his family. In the spring of 1794 he removed from the Cowanesque 
 with his wife and four children, viz: The daughter bom on the Hudson, and two 
 
pqg HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 daughters and one son, William, bom on the Tiogaf, to his farm in Pleasant valley. 
 Here he continued to reside in peace and comfort, beloved and respected, until his 
 death, which occurred December 2, 1843. His wife was a woman of great strength 
 of mind and high character, stately in manner and a most devoted member of the 
 Episcopal church. Beside the four children they had on leaving Lawrenceville, 
 eight were bom to them in Pleasant valley. 
 
 OTHEK EAELT SETTLERS. 
 
 Eichard Daniels, father-in-law of Samuel Balcer, was born in Albany, New 
 York, and served in the French and Indian War of 1754. Soon after the war he 
 returned to Columbia county, New York, and married Cornelia Hoos, a near rela- 
 tive of Martin Van Buren, and took up his residence in Coxsackie, New York. In 
 the War of the Eevolution he was a loyalist, but his wife was a tme, spirited 
 American, and in every way his superior. He was "a North Kiver Dutchman, short, 
 stout, stubbom and thrifty." They had two children, Elizabeth, who was said to 
 be the very likeness of her mother, and married Samuel Baker, and Mary, ,who died 
 unmarried, probably before leaving their Coxsackie home. He accompanied his 
 daughter to Lawrenceville in 1788, where he had a log house near his son-in-law. 
 Mrs. Daniels brought some apple seeds, which she planted, and from which grew trees 
 that were standing near the site of their residence until a few years since. He fol- 
 lowed Mr. Baker into Pleasant valley in 1794, where he had a beautiful farm north 
 of the inlet, which he conveyed to his grandson, Eichard Baker, in 1816, and soon 
 after was laid to rest. 
 
 Amos Stone was a captain in the Connecticut Line in the Eevolutionary War, 
 and an active participant in Shay's Eebellion. He was bom in 1759 and unmar- 
 ried when he came to Lawrenceville, but in the winter of 1789 he married Miss Eliza- 
 beth Ives*, of Newtown, now Elmira, New York, and brought his wife to Lawrence- 
 ville on a "pung." He lived a near neighbor to his friend, Mr. Baker, and removed 
 with him to Pleasant valley in 1794, purchasing the farm next east of Baker. The 
 conveyance from Williamson is dated December 4, 1793, for 160 acres, which he 
 paid for by cutting the road from Bath, New York. He lived to the advanced age 
 of eighty-three years, entering into rest in 1842, having outlived his wife a number 
 of years. He was light-hearted and jolly, making many friends, an intelligent and 
 respectable farmer, and left many descendants. 
 
 Of William Barney but little is known, except that he came from the "North. 
 Eiver" and settled in the neighborhood of Mr. Balier. There are very strong rea- 
 sons for believing that his log house was on the north side of the Cowanesque, on 
 the farm subsequently owned by John Cady. That he had a family is certain, as 
 in 1811 his son, George Barney, writes from Vincennes, "Indiana territory," to a 
 friend describing his home, etc., who must have been at least twenty-one years old, 
 and bom before his father left the Cowanesque. He also removed to Pleasant 
 valley, bought a farm adjoining those of his old Pennsylvania neighbors, the con- 
 
 f Some of these were, no doubt, the first white children born in Tioga county. 
 
 * She was doubtless of the family of Ives who subsequently settled in Tioga, but who were for a short time- 
 at Southport. They were from Bristol, Connecticut, near where Captain Stone had lived. 
 
LAWKENCB TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENCEYILLE. 527 
 
 veyance bearing date October 18, 1793, for 160 acres. These four families seem 
 to be almost inseparable. They came on the Tioga nearly the same time, settled 
 near each other here, left the same spring for Pleasant valley, where they took 
 adjacent farms, and all of them lived to an advanced age. 
 
 Another pioneer of considerable note in his day was William Holden. He 
 came also from the neighborhood of Albany, New York, when a mere boy. There 
 is a tradition that he accompanied the party who came to survey the State boundary 
 line. He was here before 1790, probably as early as 1788*.' At that time he was 
 but a young lad. In the assessment for 1800 his age is given at twenty-eight. He 
 built a log cabin west of the present Main street, in Lawrenceville, and put under 
 cultivation a few acres of ground. About 1795, having sold his possession to Uriah 
 Spencer, he went up thg Cowanesque and made a settlement at Osceola, on Holden 
 brook, which is named in his honor. He was a bachelor and seems not tO' have had 
 a residence at any one place for a great length of time. He was expert in making 
 post and rail fence, and during the latter part of his life he was employed the most 
 of the time in that occupation by the farmers. He fell a victim to the drink habit, 
 and for several years was maintained at public expense. He died near Pritchard 
 station about 1846, about seventy-four years of age, and was buried in a little ceme- 
 tery near Henry Colgrove's. He was of good family. After he became a public 
 charge he was visited by his brother and sister, both in affluent circumstances, who 
 desired him to return and spend his remaining days with them. This he refused 
 on the ground that his tastes and habits were such as to reflect upon them, while 
 the culture and refinement of their home would be an uncomfortable restraint upon 
 him. He was a man of much natural ability and shrewdness, and had his surround- 
 ings and early opportimities been of a more favorable character he would have made 
 his mark in the world. 
 
 The period from 1790 to 1800 was one of considerable activity along the Tioga 
 valley. At the first named date there was no road except nature's highway, the 
 river, and the trail of the boundary surveyors now being rapidly obliterated. There 
 was not a saw-mill nor a flouring-mill in the county. The settlers were compelled 
 to go to Tioga Point for anything better in the way of breadstuSs than their samp 
 mortars afforded. In 1791 an act was passed providing for the opening of a road 
 from the mouth of the Loyalsock creek to where the State line crosses Troup's creek. 
 The survey was made in the spring of 1793. It crossed the Tioga at the forty- 
 eighth milestone near the south line of the township; thence in a northwesterly 
 direction, crossing the Cowanesque near the present railroad bridge; thence in a 
 west by northwest course to the ninety-second milestone on the State line. Near 
 the Cowanesque crossing on the north side is marked "Baker's house," evidently a 
 mistake, probably "Barney's." The road, however, was never opened. In 1793-93 
 Capt. Charles Williamson, agent for the Pultney estate, in the State of New York, 
 was engaged in opening a wagon road from Williamsport, on the West Branch, to 
 Williamsburg, on the Canaseraga creek, a distance of 150 miles. The survey of this 
 
 * Captain Buel Baldwin said that Colonel Eleazer Lindsley's settlement on his tract north of the State line 
 preceded by some little time the construction of the Williamson road, as also did the settlement of William 
 Holden on the south side. 
 
628 
 
 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 road followed tlie east bank of the Tioga the entire width of the township*, hut when 
 the road was huilt, on account of expense in constraetion, it crossed the Tioga a 
 mile above the State line, and became the present main street of the borough of 
 Lawrenceville. In May, 1793, the Williamson party of road makers was at 
 Lawrenceville. In Williamson's account book, under date of May 3, 1793, is the 
 entry, "To cash paid Samuel Baker for Mr. Bennitt on account of his charge to the 
 Germans, $14.30.'' This road made the Tioga valley accessible to the people about 
 Sunbury and Northumberland, and brought a large emigration to this township 
 from that paxt of the country, mostly of the class known as "Pennsylvania Dutch," 
 a hardy, thrifty race. 
 
 April 11, 1795, was passed by the Pennsylvania legislature the "Intrusion Law," 
 inflicting heavy fines and imprisonment upon any one convicted of taking pos- 
 session of, entering, intruding or settling "on any lands in the counties of North- 
 ampton, Northumberland or Luzerne by virtue or under color of any conveyance 
 of half-share-right, or any other pretended title not derived from the author- 
 ity of this commonwealth," except in the seventeen townships of Luzerne county. 
 Under the vigorous operation of this law a number of people from this township 
 were arrested and, having been indicted by the grand jury, were taken to Williams- 
 port for trial, but, much to the credit of the court, were acquitted. During the 
 decade under consideration all of the original settlers moved away from the town- 
 ship, but others came to take their places. 
 
 Uriah Spencer was among the pioneers of this period. He was born in Salis- 
 bury, Connecticut, and married Miss Deborali Elliott, of Guilford, Connecticut, first 
 cousin of John Elliott, of Kent, both of whom were lineal descendants in the fourth 
 degree of the celebrated John Eliot, missionary among the New England Indians. 
 Mr. Spencer had purchased of Hon. James Hillhouse, of New Haven, Connecticut, 
 a near relative by marriage and a considerable dealer in Pennsylvania lands, the 
 Connecticut title for the township of Hamilton, which included a large part of the 
 present Lawrence township. Mr. Spencer came to Lawrenceville first about 1794, 
 without his family. At this time Baker and his friends, except Holden, had 
 removed to Pleasant valley, and Holden sold his possession to Mr. Spencer, it is said, 
 for a barrel of whiskey. William Dewees, of Philadelphia, and Josiah Lockhart, 
 of Lancaster, had entered warrants of survey for a great part of Mr. Spencer's town- 
 ship. He was active in selling Connecticut rights untU, with quite a number of 
 others, he was arrested for violating the intrusion law and taken to Williamsport, 
 where he was duly indicted by the gi-and jury at the May sessions, 1797, and finally 
 tried and acquitted at the September term, 1798. Soon after his acquittal he re- 
 moved up the Tioga to what was later known as the John Elliott place, and subse- 
 quently to Tioga, where he became one of the most prominent men of the county. 
 
 John Elliott, a cousin of the wife of Uriah Spencer, was born in Kent, Litch- 
 field county, Connecticut, November 3, 1760, and died in Lawrence, December 13, 
 1845; his wife, Penina Walter, bom March 11, 1777, died August 29, 1870. Hav- 
 ing bought the Connecticut title to a farm in Uriah Spencer's township, he started 
 with his family the first of March for his new purchase, with two sleighs and two 
 
 * So it is laid down on a Williamson map in the possession of Judge Spencer of Corning, New York. 
 
LAWEBNCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENCEVILLB. 529 
 
 teams of horses. Crossing the Hudson river at Catskill, he came to Unadilla, where, 
 loading his effects on a raft, he floated down to Tioga Point. Here he left his family- 
 while he went up to Tioga, procured a canoe and secured the services of Robert 
 Mitchell and returned to Tioga Point for his goods and family. Eeturning, he 
 stopped at Erwin Center, where he learned of the arrest of Mr. Spencer*, and deter- 
 mined to keep out of Pennsylvania until the trouble was settled. In 1811 he re- 
 moved to Lawrenceville, occupying land formerly improved by William Holden. In 
 1816 he sold his farm to James Ford, and going up the river to Risings, bought of 
 John Shepard, July 8, 1816, 193 acres, with the improvements made by Uriah 
 Spencer. In his native town Mr. Elliott had been a justice of the peace and a mem- 
 ber of the legislature. He is spoken of as an honest, conscientious man. His 
 old residence, with its porch and four tall, round columns, is still standing, a con- 
 spicuous and interesting landmark of other days. 
 
 Thomas Wilson and his family, consisting of his wife, three sons, Thomas, 
 Joseph and Alexander, and one daughter. Amy, who later married Daniel Walker, 
 came from Maryland and settled on the Smith farm in 1795-96. Thomas, Jr., and 
 Alexander moved to Batavia, New York. Joseph went to Angelica, New York, 
 but after his father died he returned to Lawrence and occupied the farm until his 
 death, September 11, 1857, at the age of eighty-seven years. His wife, Linda Shum- 
 way, died August 31, 1827. Thomas Wilson, his son, Thomas, and their neighbor, 
 Daniel Ingersole, who came to Lawrence about the same time, were arrested and taken 
 to Williamsport for violating the intrusion law, ha-\dng bought and settled upon 
 their farms under a Connecticut title, in 1797. Mr. Ingersole settled on the farm 
 owned by the late George L. Ryon. He bought the Pennsylvania title of Samuel Pleas- 
 ants, "with buildings and appurtenances," by deed bearing date October 14, 1806, 
 aaid sold it to Jacob Eeep, May 11, 1812. Leonard Cole and Benjamin Cole were 
 also among the "intruders," and probably lived where Norman Allen now lives, as 
 early as 1795-96. They owned no land, but occupied several places for a short 
 time and died in the vicinity of Lawrenceville. George Buchanan settled on the 
 place now owned by ex-Sheriff John Irvin, probably before 1800. He sold to 
 Eleazer Baldwin, deed bearing date October 15, 1808, and left this vicinity. 
 
 Jacob Eeep came from near Danville, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1795, to 
 Athens, Pennsylvania, where he spent the winter. His wife. Amy Walker, had four 
 brothers and one sister living there. The next spring, loading his goods and family 
 in a canoe, he pushed up the river as far as Elmira, when his wife and one child, 
 with a horse and cow, took the bridle path over the hill to Lawrenceville, while he 
 pushed his canoe up the stream. He first settled on the George L. Ryon farm, where 
 he remained several years. Doubting the validity of his title, he afterwards removed 
 farther up the river to the "old Reep homestead," now owned by the heirs of Peter 
 Eeep, where Jacob died in 1829. The deed from Charles Spurrell, Surry, England, 
 for 169 acres of land, "whereon said Reep now lives, with the buildings, improve- 
 ments and appurtenances," bears date August, 1820. The following incidents illus- 
 trate pioneer life. One morning a good tracking snow had fallen and Mr. Reep 
 
 * This fixes 1797, as the year of Mr. RUiott's trip. Had Spencer been arrested when Klliott first came to 
 Tiogfa, he certainly would have known it. That event must have occurred while Klliott was at Tioga Point. The 
 arrest'was in April or May, 1797, 
 
 34 
 
530 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 went out to hunt deer. He followed one until the deer crossed his track, when he 
 found an Indian was following the same deer. Mr. Keep left the chase to his red 
 competitor and came home. One night the pigs, which were shut in a pen, were 
 making a great noise. When going out to see what was the matter he found a bear 
 trying to get out of the pen with a pig. He ran for his ax, intending to break bruin's 
 back, but struck him on the side; the ax stuck fast, the bear escaped and he never 
 saw his ax again. Jacob had two sons, Jacob, Jr., who married Betsey, daughter 
 of Adam Hart, and had two children, a son, Peter, who died young, and a daughter. 
 Amy, who married Abram AValker; and Peter, who married Catharine Eidgely, to 
 whom were bom fourteen children. 
 
 Obadiah Inscho located on the east side of the Tioga, a mile above Lawrence- 
 ville, upon the Horton farm, in 1798. Here he resided until his death in 1820. 
 Many of his descendaxits are living in this county. 
 
 Adam Hart joined Mr. Eeep on the south, his farm including what is now 
 called Somer's Lane. He was of German parentage, served seven years in the 
 American army during the Revolutionary War, and with his brother George was 
 an early emigrant from Eeading, Pennsylvania, to Lawrence. The Harts were enter- 
 prising and thrifty farmers. Adam built a distillery on the little stream which still 
 bears his name, said to have been the first erected in the county, and also a saw- 
 mill. He had two sons, John and Daniel, and one daughter, who was married to 
 Jacob Keep. He and his wife moved to Mansfield about 1823, where they died. 
 George Hart served seven years in the Revohitionary War. He had one son, John, 
 whose family now lives in Liberty, and two daughters, one of whom was married to 
 Joseph Middaugh, and the other to Joseph Rowley, who moved to Big Flats, New 
 York. 
 
 Joseph Middaugh, son of Samuel, who lived on the Chemung, came from 
 the east a young man, married a daughter of George Hart and settled adjacent to 
 him. He had a saw-mill and did quite an extensive lumber business. Mid- 
 daugh and the Harts bought the Connecticut title to their land, but finding it 
 worthless bought of the Pennsylvania owners, giving mortgage for the payment 
 of the purchase money. It is likely that Elias Westbrook, who came from the 
 Wyoming valley and settled near Tioga Junction, came before 1800, but the pre- 
 cise date has not been ascertained. 
 
 Thus, at the beginning of the present century, nearly every farm along the 
 Tioga valley from the State line to the present Tioga township was occupied by 
 hardy pioneers, whose thrift, push and enterprise were beginning to let the sun- 
 shine into the woods, and commencing to hew out of the wilderness the beautiful 
 farms, and introduce the appliances of civilization, which for nearly a century 
 have distinguished this portion of the county. 
 
 In the meanwhile settlements began to be pushed with equal enterprise up 
 the Cowanesque. Among the first of these was that of John Cady. He was bom 
 at Saratoga, Few York, July 4, 1771:, and was married to Permelia Frick in 1795, 
 at Southport, 'New York. He came immediately to Lawrenceville and settled 
 upon the farm, recently the home of his daughter, Mrs. Robert Stewart, on which 
 William Barney had formerly lived. Barney had built a rough log house with 
 bark-covered roof, a few stones laid up at one side for a fire place and a hole in 
 
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWHENOETILLB. 531 
 
 the roof for the escape of the smoke and had cleared a few acres of land for a 
 corn patch. A hollow maple stump at the door, over which swung a stone pestle 
 suspended from a spring-pole, was the mill. Here young Cady brought his 
 eighteen-year old wife for her wedding trip. And here they lived, industriously 
 clearing and improving their farm, reared a family of children, and spent their old 
 age in peace and comfort until their death, which occurred to Mr. Cady August 
 23, 1850, and to his wife February 3, 1863. Mr. Cady^s father, Zebdee Cady, came 
 about the same time, made a settlement on the south side of the Cowanesque near 
 the "old red house," remained a few years and then went to Ohio, where he died. 
 
 Lyman and Calvin Pritchard, two brothers, came about the time or a little 
 after Mr. Cady* and settled the farm next above him, Calvin on the farm afterwards 
 owned by his son, the late William Pritchard, and Lyman the next above. The family 
 is of Welsh origin, but were at Wyoming, where their father was taken captive 
 by the Indians and never heard of after. The sons, with their aged mother, 
 came to Athens, then went to Owego, and later to Lawrenceville. Lyman mar- 
 ried a daughter of William Allington, a blacksmith, who came about the same 
 time as the Pritchards, and lived in a little house east of Abram Walker's. He 
 was physically a powerful man, and held a prominent place in the little com- 
 munity. He went west where he died. Calvin married a daughter of Hosea 
 Kennedy, who was also an early settler on the Cowanesque. Mr. Pritchard for 
 many years carried the mail on horseback from Painted Post to Williamsport over 
 the Williamson road. One night while riding along rather slowly, a panther 
 dropped from a tree upon his horse, but got ofE without doing injury to either 
 horse or postman, except a big scare. The brothers were joint owners of a saw- 
 mill, where mucji of the superb pine, which once covered their farms, was manu- 
 factured into lumber. They were both men of good education for the times, raised 
 large families, and died upon the farms they first settled. 
 
 It has been asserted that in 1800 Tioga county contained only ten families, 
 sixty white persons and seven negroes. There were, however, that many families 
 within the boimds of Lawrence township. The population of the township at 
 the time of its organization, 1816, has not been ascertained. In 1818 the as- 
 sessment enumerated forty-six taxables, with 5,530 acres of improved land, 693 
 unimproved, one grist-mill, six saw-mills, one tannery, and a valuation of 
 $13,631. Among the persons here at that time the following deserve mention: 
 
 Ira Kilbum, son of Elijah Kilburn, was bom in Colchester, Connecticut, Oc- 
 tober 39, 1773; at twenty was prepared for college; pursued his collegiate studies 
 at Williams and Yale, and graduated in 1796. After teaching a year in Westerly, 
 Ehode Island, in company with Drs. Lee and Ceilings, he engaged in mercantile 
 business for a couple of years, when he began the study of law with Hon. Cod- 
 dington Billings, of his native town, whence after three years he entered the ofSce 
 of Judge Gilbert, of Hebron, intending to present himself for admission to the 
 bar at the next term of court, when unforseen circumstances called him to Tioga 
 county in the latter part of 1803. Here he purchased an extensive tract of land, 
 
 * In an interview with the late Hiram Pritchard of Corning, New York, he with great positiveness put the 
 date of the coming in 1792, yet both he and others say the Cadys came first, but Cady was here not earlier than 
 1795- 
 
532 HISTOET 0¥ TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 embracing a large portion of Lawreneeville, and 1,100 acres on the east side of 
 the Tioga, devised by Josiah Loekhaxt to the First Presbyterian church of Lan- 
 caster, and by it sold to Mr. Kilburn. Here, on almost the exact site of the rail- 
 road station, he erected a saw and grist-mill, which he operated for many years. 
 In 1808 he was elected a commissioner of Tioga county, and September 18th, of 
 the same year, commissioned justice of the peace. August 3, 1811, he was com- 
 missioned a colon.el by Governor Snyder, and commanded a regiment of militia. 
 February 6, 1812, he was made postmaster of Lawrenceville, and at the same time 
 was United States mail contractor. July 13, 1813, he was commissioned an as- 
 sociate judge of Tioga county and held this important office neajly twenty-eight 
 years. On retiring from the bench in 1840, he was again elected justice of the 
 peace, "and in the next four years disposed of over 800 cases brought before him." 
 He also held nearly every office in the town and borough. He died in Lawrence- 
 ville in 1854, aged eighty-one years. He married Sally Eoss, June 20, 1803, and 
 their children were Wells, Harriett, Ealph Lee, Eliza Ann, Adaline and Charles 
 Lawrence. Judge Kilburn was an honest, upright man, a large contributor to 
 every benevolent enterprise, and is still remembered as one of the foremost men 
 of his day in this community. 
 
 John Gordon settled on the farm now owned by Mr. Patchin, near Tioga 
 Junction, prior to 1803. He was born in Scotland, in March, 1761. While at 
 school he was impressed into the British military service, was put into the Fifty- 
 third regiment, sent to this country during the Eevolutionary War, and dis- 
 charged in December, 1779. He chose to remain in the United States, attended 
 school for a time, married Sarah Eathbone, and settled in Berkshire county, Mas- 
 sachusetts. He was second cousin to Lord Byron, (whose untitled name was 
 George Noel Gordon), and his wife was first cousin to Commodore Perry, of Lake 
 Erie fame. He secured the Pennsylvania title to 240 acres of land, which he sub- 
 sequently sold, and moved within the present limits of Tioga township. His 
 family are dead or left the county. John Maine, connected by marriage with the 
 Gordons, settled about the same time on a farm of 286 acres between Gordon and 
 Benjamin Westbrook. Here he built a saw-mill, and sold his property to Jesse 
 Smith and William Babcock, of Ontario county, ISTew York, September 2, 1816, 
 and later moved to Sullivan township. 
 
 Capt. Eleazer Baldwin settled near the village of Lawrenceville in March, 1806. 
 His grandfather, John Baldwin, a prosperous farmer and merchant, lived in Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, and had two sons, one, Jabez, served through the entire Eevo- 
 lutionary War, and Eufus, the father of Eleazer, who assisted in the erection of 
 Dartmouth College, Eleazer as a lad assisting to haul the logs of which the first 
 buildings were constructed. Leaving Dartmouth school, Eleazer came to Geneva, 
 New York, where he was for some time in the employ of Colonel Williamson. 
 About 1800 he came up Sugar creek to Troy, Pennsylvania, where he married 
 Betsy Stevens, and in March, 1806, came to Lawrence township, where he died 
 in 1831. In 1813 he was collector of taxes, and an active man of affairs until the 
 day of his death. His sons Buel, Moses and Thomas L., were farmers and 
 lumbermen. Buel and Thomas subsequently moved to Tioga, while Moses re- 
 mained in Lawrence, and died on the farm where his widow now lives. 
 
LAWEBNOE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENOETILLB. 533 
 
 Dr. Simeon Powers came to Lawrenceville in 1805, but remained here only a 
 brief period. Removing to Knoxville, he Hved at that place until 1808, and 
 then located in Tioga. In 1831 he returned to Lawrenceville, which remained his 
 home until his death. His practice extended over a vast territory; westward up 
 the Cowanesque into Potter county, south as far as Williamsport and north to 
 Addison, Painted Post ajid Bath. In 1815 he was elected the second sheriff of 
 Tioga county, holding the ofHce for three years. The doctor built the "red 
 house," on Cowanesque street, liawrenceville, where he died in December, 1863, 
 in the eightieth year of his age. He came to Tioga county a single man, but mar- 
 ried Polly, a daughter of Obadiah Inscho. 
 
 Daniel "Walker was bom at Nescopeck, Pennsylvania, in 1778. At ten yeaxs 
 of age came with his father, George Walker, to Nichols, New York, and thence 
 to Lawrenceville in 1810, and settled upon the farm now owned by his son, 
 Abram Walker. The deed beais date December 2, 1815. Some one, whose name 
 is unknown, had made a settlement here before Walker came. In 1811 he mar- 
 ried Margaret, daughter of Thomas Wilson. She died in 1836 and he in 1854. 
 His son, Abram, an octogenarian, whose wife was Amy Eeep, is still living on the 
 old homestead, while his daughter, Amy, married Austin Lathrop, and died in 
 1850. 
 
 Hon. James Ford was bom in Morristown, New Jersey, March 4, 1783. At the 
 early age of thirteen he went to New York to learn the mercantile business, where 
 he remained six years. In 1814 he had a store at Watson's, a mile north of the 
 Pennsylvania state line; in 1816 he is spoken of as a merchant in Painted Post, 
 and in that year he removed to Lawrenceville and built the mansion now occupied 
 by his grandson, George Shumway. When the frame of the building was erected, 
 the people for twenty miles around had been invited to the raising. At its christen- 
 ing, as was then the custom, the various names by which the place had been known, 
 such as "Bachelorsville," "Shaver's Point," "Rogue's Harbor," etc., were discarded, 
 and that of Lawrence adopted, in honor of Captain Lawrence, of "Don't give up the 
 ship" fame. Mr. Ford became the most extensive business man in Tioga county, 
 especially as merchant, lumberman ajid dealer in real estate. To him and Judge 
 Kilbum Lawrenceville is largely indebted for its broad streets, deeds for lots specify- 
 ing that Main street, a part of the Williamson road, should be eighty feet wide. As 
 a business man Mr. Ford was intelligent and energetic. At his mills large quantities 
 of lumber were cut and iloated down the river, and grain was purchased which was 
 manufactured into flour for southern markets. He served acceptably two terms 
 in the state legislature, 1834 and 1835, and two in Congress, elected in 1838 and 
 1830. He died in 1859 and was laid to rest in the Lindsley family burying ground, 
 where sleep many of the pioneers of this valley. 
 
 Dr. Curtis Parkhtirst, a native of Marlborough, where he was bom in 1794, 
 came to Lawrenceville in 1818 and built up a large professional practice. He was 
 elected to the legislature in 1827, sheriff in 1840, and appointed an associate Judge 
 in 1847, and was a man of prominence and influence. 
 
 Hiram Beebe, who came in 1815, was the first merchant. In 1840 he removed 
 his business to Nelson, but retained his home in Lawrenceville until his death. He 
 was a prominent business man and a leading politician. His brother, Anson Beebe, 
 
534 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 with his brother-in-law, Asa Lincoln, both of whom came in 1817, were engaged 
 with Hiram in the manufacture of gloves and mittens for years. 
 
 Among the other early settlers of prominence were Joseph McCormick, Samuel 
 McDougall, who came from "Washington county, New York, was county surveyor 
 from 1837 to 1836, and died in 1859, aged seventy-six; Job Geer, a leading con- 
 tractor and builder, who erected the court house at Wellsboro; Daniel Cook and 
 others who became identified with the development and upbuilding of the township. 
 
 Such were the leading men among the settlers up to 1831, in which year the 
 settlements were practically confined to the river flats, the hillsides remaining, for 
 the most part, a wilderness. Year by year, however, the timber was stripped from 
 these and the adjacent uplands, and the land placed under cultivation, tmtil, in 
 time, the entire township was transformed into well-tilled and productive fields. 
 In 1890 the population of the township was 1,017, and of Lawrenceville borough 
 441, making a total for both of 1,458. 
 
 THE BOEOUGH OF LAWEENCBVILLB. 
 
 Prom the first, the natural advantages of its situation made the junction of 
 the two rivers the business center for a large outlying territory, which, with the 
 rapid development of the lumber manufacturing, so enhanced its importance as 
 to render a municipal organization desirable. Accordingly, by an act of legis- 
 lature, approved March 31, 1831, that part of the township of Lawrence, bounded 
 on the north by the State line; on the east by the Tioga river; on the south by Ira 
 Kilburn's south line, and on the west by James Ford's west line, was erected into 
 the "Borough of Lawrenceville," and in a few weeks the borough government went 
 into operation. 
 
 The completion of the Chemung canal to Corning, in 1834, and of the Tioga 
 railroad a few years, later gave a great impulse to business. From 1840 to 1855 
 the lumber trade was at its zenith. A perfect lumber fever prevailed. In the 
 spring season and on every freshet, the Tioga and Cowanesque rivers were literally 
 crowded with rafts of logs, lumber and timber, and ark loads of shingles. Two 
 hundred million feet annually passed through Lawrenceville, exclusive of the large 
 amount manufactured at or near the town. Merchants did a heavy business. 
 Stores, shops, hotels, churches and private residences were erected during this fever, 
 which began to subside in 1856. The forests, which had yielded such large revenue 
 and given employment to so much capital and labor, had been swept away, and 
 the soil, though good, was covered with stumps,' brush and undergrowth, or had 
 been swept by devastating fires. In a few years the borough, which had been the 
 commercial metropolis of the county, was prostrate and has never recovered its 
 former prosperity. 
 
 It is said "misfortunes never come single." Lawrenceville was visited by 
 two very destructive fires just when every line of business was paralyzed. The first 
 occurred in 1867, and the other in 1868. These fires burned out the center and 
 business portion of the village, and destroyed property to the amount of $160,000. 
 The town has never recovered from this blow, the burnt district being still mostly 
 covered by cheap board structures. Although advantageously situated at the 
 junction of the Tioga and Cowanesque Valley railroads with the main line of the 
 
LAWEENOE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENOBTILLB. 535 
 
 Fall Brook, yet its population does not exceed 800 souls. One general store, two 
 groceries, a feed, and a notion store, two furniture stores, two blacksmith, and two 
 wagon and one carpenter shop, two markets, a drug store, three physicians, one 
 lawyer, two clergymen, two jewelers, two barbers, an undertaker and a shoemaker, 
 a newspaper, two justices and a hotel represent the principal business places of the 
 borough. 
 
 MANUFACTURING AND BUSINESS ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 Adam Hart, who settled at Somer's Lane, and who was a man of enterprise, 
 erected a distillery and a saw-mill on the little stream that still bears his name. 
 They were among the earliest in the county. In 1813 Hart was assessed as an 
 innkeeper. He removed to Mansfield in 1823. His brother, George Hart, appears 
 to have had an interest with him in these enterprises. 
 
 Joseph Middaugh, who married a daughter of George Hart, and lived near him, 
 was an early saw-mill owner and operator. 
 
 Lyman and Calvin Pritchard, who settled on the Cowanesque, on the farm 
 owned by the late William Pritchard, were joint owners in a saw-mill erected during 
 the earlier years of the present century. 
 
 Ira Kilburn, who settled in Lawrenceville in 1802, erected a few years 
 later, a saw-mill and a grist-mill, on almost the exact site of the present railroad 
 station. These he carried on for many years. He also erected a distillery a short 
 distance south of the station, which was operated by himself and Hiram Beebe. 
 
 John Maine, who settled between the farms of John Gordon and Benjamin 
 Westbrook, about 1803, built a saw-mill which he operated until September 2, 1816, 
 when he sold it to Jesse Smith and "William Babeoek, of Ontario county. New York. 
 James Ford, who located in Lawrenceville in 1816, and immediately engaged 
 in mercantile business, soon afterward erected a saw-mill and grist-mill on the north 
 side of the Cowanesque river, above the mill now owned and operated by Nathaniel 
 Eaton. The Ford grist-mill was burned and rebuilt several times and was owned 
 successively by James Ford, his son, C. H. L. Ford, Augustus Wolz and Nathaniel 
 Eaton, who has run the present mill about twelve years. It stands some dis- 
 tance below the site of the early mills, and is operated by water power. 
 
 The foregoing are the principal early enterprises. In 1823 there were in 
 Lawrenceville and in the township three grist-mills, five saw-mills, two distilleries, 
 one tannery, two blacksmith shops, one chairmaker and one cooper. During the 
 lumbering activity, which came later, the number of enterprises was largely in- 
 creased, and every branch of industry prospered. 
 
 The first store in Lawrenceville was started in 1815 by Hiram Beebe and a man 
 named HoUabert. Mr. Beebe, who attained prominence as a merchant and poli- 
 tician, continued in business until 1840, when he opened a store in Nelson in con- 
 nection with Hunt Pomeroy, father of the late Mark M. Pomeroy, otherwise known 
 as "Brick" Pomeroy, editor of the LaCrosse Democrat. The second store was opened 
 in 1816 by James Ford, who soon became the principal merchant of the place. 
 Others followed as the population of the village and township increased. 
 
 Adam Hart's wayside inn, at Somer's Lane, was the first public house in the 
 township. The first hotel in Lawrenceville was built about 1817 by Enos 
 
536 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COITNIY. 
 
 Slosson. After Ms death, it was kept by Samuel Besler. Mrs. Slosson married 
 Eben McDougall, who kept the house for a number of years. Then came James 
 Baldwin, of Addison, and H. H. Potter. The latter removed to Tioga in 1833, and 
 was succeeded by Clark Slosson. This old hotel was burned in the fire of 1867. In 
 1826 John Barnes built a hotel on the site of the present Hotel Kirkland, which 
 he conducted until about 1835. Among his successors were S. B. Denton, Job Geer, 
 Barney McDougall, George Jordan and Lewis Daggett. It burned about twenty 
 years ago, and was rebuilt by Mr. Daggett. He and his sons, Seth and WeUs Dag- 
 gett, were the landlords to February, 1890, when the property was leased to F. G. 
 Kirkland, who purchased it January 1, 1894. He has proven a popular and suc- 
 cessful landlord. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND LAWYEES. 
 
 Dr. Ealph Kilbum, a brother of Judge Ira Elbum, came to Lawrenceville in 
 1804, and practiced until 1840, when he went to live with a sister near Eochester, 
 Kew York, where he died. He was never married. Dr. Simeon Power first came 
 to Lawrenceville in 1805. He soon removed to Knoxville and later to Tioga, re- 
 turning to Lawrenceville in 1831, where he died in December, 1863. His brother. 
 Dr. Pliny Power, came a few years later. He practiced in Lawrenceville, Canoe 
 Camp and Tioga until 1835, when he removed to Michigan, where he died. Dr. 
 Curtis Parkhurst came to Lawrenceville in 1818, and practiced his profession until 
 his death. He was elected to the legislature in 1837 and sheriff in 1840. Dr. Lewis 
 Darling came from Wellsboro to Lawrenceville in 1831, and practiced in Lawrence- 
 ville until his death. His son. Dr. Lewis Darling, Jr., and grandson. Dr. A. L. 
 Darling, both physicians of skill and reputation, are in practice in Lawrenceville. 
 A fuller reference to each of them will be found in their biographical sketches. Dr. 
 Milton Pardee Orton located in Lawrenceville in 1834, and practiced until 1863, 
 when he became a surgeon in the United States service. He died at Hatteras Inlets 
 February 2, 1864. Locke Granger, a graduate of Geneva Medical College, came to 
 Lawrenceville in 1841, and for a time was a partner with Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr., 
 but later practiced alone. He died in 1883. Dr. Yan Horn, a homeopathist, came 
 to Lawrenceville in the early seventies, but removed, a few years later, to Elmira, 
 New York. Dr. J. B. Smith came to Lawrenceville in 1890, and has built up a good 
 practice. He and Drs. Lewis and A. L. Darling comprise the present resident 
 physicians. 
 
 The legal profession has been well represented in Lawrenceville. Hon. Ira 
 Kilbum, though not in regular practice, served for many years as an associate Judge 
 and as justice of the peace, and was prominently identified with the legal history 
 of the county. Clarendon Eathbone came to Lawrenceville in 1830, and practiced 
 about twenty years, when he removed to Blossburg. John "W. Maynard, who came to 
 Lawrenceville with his parents in 1838, practiced here until the spring of 1833, 
 when he removed to Tioga. JSTewell F. Higgins, who located in Lawrenceville about 
 1839, remained two years and removed to Williamsport. Norman H. Purple studied 
 under Higgins, and practiced in Lawrenceville until 1837, when he removed to 
 Peoria, Illinois. Pardon Damon came to Lawrenceville about 1826, studied law with 
 Purple and Judge Knox, and practiced in Lawrenceville until his death. John C. 
 
LAWEBNCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENOBVILLE. 537 
 
 Knox, afterwards eminent as a judge of the State Supreme Court, practiced in Lawr 
 reueeville in the later thirties and early forties. John W. Eyon, a native of Elk- 
 land, came to Lawreneeville in 1847, and practiced until 1863, when he removed 
 to Pottsville. Wallace P. Ryon, a brother of Hon. John W. Eyon, has been in 
 practice in Lawreneeville since 1883. D. C. Harrower, a son of Hon. G. T. Harrower, 
 was admitted to the bar of Tioga county and practiced in Lawreneeville until 1894, 
 when he removed to Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 NEWSPAPEES. 
 
 In August, 1840, the late William Adams, of Mansfield, then the editor and 
 proprietor of the Tioga Democrat, published at Tioga, sold a half interest in the 
 paper to John C. Knox, Hiram Beebe, James Ford and Dr. Curtis Parkhurst, of 
 Lawreneeville, who removed the plant and paper to that place, and changed the name 
 of the paper to the Lawrence Sentinel. Mr. Adams subsequently sold his re- 
 maining interest to Mr. Knox. Two years later the latter sold it to Asa H. Carey, 
 who removed it, so it is said, to Troy, Pennsylvania. The Sentinel was Democratic 
 in politics. Lawreneeville was without a paper then until 1871, when Henry C. 
 Mills established the Valley Enterprise. A year or two later he removed the plant to 
 Mansfield. Li 1879 the Lawreneeville Herald was established by A. Redfield & Son, 
 who conducted it until 1889, when it passed into the hands of Dr. Lewis Darling, Jr. 
 Early in 1890 he sold it to Wallace P. Ryon. On February 1, 1892, Leon A. Church 
 became associated with Mr. Ryon in the publication of the Herald, which relation- 
 ship still continues. The paper is well conducted, has a good circulation, and is de- 
 voted principally to matters of local interest. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 From the first, as might have been expected from their New England origin, 
 the people of Lawrence were careful to provide for the education of their children. 
 As early and probably before 1800, there was a school at Hart's and one at 
 Pritchard's. At the latter place Lyman Pritehard taught for several winters. Later 
 another school house was built near the farm now owned by Norman H. Ryan, and 
 in 1834 one was erected at Tompkins. On the Tioga the first school house was 
 built near Reep's, which was abandoned and another put up at Somer's Lane 
 (Hart's). These were log structures, built by the people who lived in the vicinity, 
 and rudely finished and furnished. The Hart school house was burned one night 
 during a term of school. The next day the inhabitants came together and before 
 night the logs for another house were put up. There was not a box of glass to be had 
 nearer than Painted Post, but Mr. Baldwin went up on horse back and brought a 
 box, and another neighbor gathered grain sufficient to purchase books, which 
 was also taken to Painted Post, and every school book in the place was secured. 
 In a week from the time the old house was burned the new one was completed, 
 and the school continued. In 1834 school directors were elected under the com- 
 mon school law of the State, as follows: William TJpdegraff, Clarendon Rath- 
 bone, Horace Prizelle, Abisha Baker, Job Geer and Rufus Baldwin. Job Geer 
 was elected president; C. Rathbone, secretary, and Wells Kilbum, appointed 
 treasurer. The township was divided into five sub-districts, two on the Cowanesque, 
 
538 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 two on the Tioga, and one at Lawrenceville. There are now seven districts in 
 the township, outside of Lawrenceville, which forms a separate district. The 
 school houses are well built and well furnished, and good schools are maintained, 
 the average in the borough being eight, and in the township seven months each 
 year. 
 
 The Lawrenceville Academy was incorporated September 31, 1848. The first 
 board of trustees was constituted as follows: James Ford, Curtis Parkhurst, E. 
 D. Wells, Milton P. Orton and Micajah Seelye. A building was erected and 
 was opened for the reception of students — both sexes being admitted — about 
 1853. George Barker, the first principal, remained about two years. His suc- 
 cessor, Thomas Benton, had charge two years. Eev. Roswell Brooks, who fol- 
 lowed him, died within a year, and his wife succeeded him. Then came William 
 Merris, who died within two years after taking charge. His successors were Dr. 
 Milton Pardee Orton aaid Eev. Sidney Mills. The Academy was maintained until 
 about 1860, when the property was transferred to the borough for public school 
 purposes, and the building has since been used and occupied by the borough 
 graded schools. Dr. Lewis Darling, Jr., who was a student at the Academy, says 
 it was an excellent school, and that it was largely attended, students coming from 
 the "Southern Tier," of New York, and from various parts of Pennsylvania. 
 The course of study was intended to prepare the student for college, and the in- 
 struction was thorough. 
 
 CHUBOHES, SABBATH-SCHOOLS AND CEMETEBIES. 
 
 The Baptists were probably the earliest to hold religious worship in Law- 
 rence. Elder John Drew, whose wife was a sister of Eleazer Baldwin, came 
 from Norwich, Connecticut, about the same time as Baldwin, raised a family and 
 remained here until his death. Elder David Eathbone — a graduate of Yale Col- 
 lege, where he had taken a master's degree, and a man of great ability — came 
 about 1813. He ministered to the little companies gathered at various points, 
 until August 33, 1833, when he was instantly killed by the overturning of his 
 carriage. He was at the time about sixty years of age. Both he and Mr. Drew 
 are buried in the old cemetery west of the village. He was followed by Elder 
 Thomas S. Sheardown, Elisha Booth and others. A church was organized in 
 1813, across the line in Tioga township^ at the home of Benjamin Bentley, of 
 which many of the Baptists, resident in Lawrence township, became members. 
 No church appears to have been organized in Lawrence township, or if organized, 
 to have had anything but a brief existence. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Lawrenceville is one of the oldest societies 
 of that denomination in the county. The first public worship was held soon after 
 the beginning of the present century. The "circuit rider," who made occasional 
 visits, and resident local preachers conducted the services, which, when the weather 
 permitted, were usually held in the open air. In winter and in inclement weather 
 they were held in the homes and in the barns of the settlers. Among the pioneers 
 of Lawrence township — ^who occasionally conducted these early services — ^was a 
 local preacher named Ephraim Thomas. He was also a carpenter and farmer. He 
 was born in Ireland in 1788; came to America in 1805, and found his way into 
 
LAWBENOE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENCEVILLE. 539 
 
 Lawrence township, where he passed the remainder of his life, and died in Sep- 
 tember, 1853. The date of the organization of the first class is not known, but it 
 is said to have been some time during the early twenties. The first house of worship 
 was of brick. It was begun in 1831 or 1833; was completed in 1836, and was built 
 on land donated by Ira Kilburn, situated at the head of old Mechanic street. It was 
 sold and torn down, and the land reverted to the heirs of Kilburn, who donated 
 it to the borough for the extension of Mechanic street. In 1849 another building 
 was erected on the comer opposite A. P. Eadaker's. This was burned in December, 
 1888, and the present edifice built in 1889. 
 
 Owing to the fact that, previous to 1858, the records of the church were very 
 imperfectly kept, a complete list of the pastors is not obtainable. From a broken 
 file of the conference minutes and from other sources, the following list has been 
 compiled: Eev. Lemuel Maynard, a circuit preacher, and the father of the late 
 Judge John W. Maynard, of Williamsport, was here as early as 1838. He was born 
 May 10, 1773; died February 8, 1839, and lies buried in the Lawrenceville cemetery. 
 Eev. Asa Orcutt was the pastor of the church in Tioga in 1839-30. As Lawrence- 
 ville ajid Tioga were both in the same charge until 1873, the same pastors served 
 both churches. Eev. Chandler "Wheeler was the pastor in 1833, an.d Eev. Hiram 
 Sanford in 1835. The name of Eev. Samuel Nichols appears from 1844 to 1846. 
 _ In 1857 Eev. Daniel Clark was in charge, since which time the succession has been 
 ' as follows: Eevs. Samuel Nichols, 1858-60; N. N. Beers, 1860-61; William B. 
 Holt, 1861-63; George Stratton, 1863-63; William Potter, 1863-64; Thomas S. 
 Abrahams, 1864-66; N. Fellows, 1866-67; J. J. Turtin, 1867-70; W. S. Kymer, 
 1870-71; William Cochran, 1871-73; G. W. Gibson, 1873-75; Paul Smith, 1875-78; 
 W. W. Hunt, 1878-80; N. N. Beers, 1880-81; Andrew Purdy, 1881-84; Ward 
 Piatt, 1884-86; Henry Vosburgh, 1886-89; F. H. Van Keuren, 1889-91; C. M. 
 Gardner, 1891-93; G. Wilbur Shipley, 1893-95; E. A. Anderson, 1895-96, and E. E. 
 Jones, the present incumbent, who took charge in October, 1896. The church now 
 numbers seventy-two members. There are 100 pupils and teachers in the Sunday- 
 school, and sixty-eight members in the Epworth League. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Lawrenceville, the oldest Presbyterian church 
 in the county, was organized February 10, 1834, by Eevs. David Higgins, of Bath, 
 New York; Henry Ford, of Blmira; New York, and Euling Elder Elias Hopkins, 
 a committee appointed by the Presbytery of Bath. The following are the names 
 of the original members as they appear upon the church record: Joseph Miller, 
 Linda Mira, his wife; Abisha Baker, Martha, his wife; Nancy (wife of Eev. Davis) 
 Eathbone, Phila (wife of Calvin) Cowley, Polly (wife of Samuel) McDougall, 
 Betsey Wilson, Jerusha L. (wife of Michael E.) Tharp, Widow Eoxcelana Brown, 
 Mary (wife of Joseph) Nelson, Eunice (wife of Eleazer) Lindsley, and Eleanor (wife 
 of Job) Geer. Eev. Simeon E. Jones and others supplied the pulpit until 1831, 
 when Eev. Elijah D. Wells became the pastor, and continued, excepting one year, 
 until 1843. Mr. Wells was born in New York City, September 39, 1800; died in 
 Lawrenceville, February 11, 1883, and was buried in the Lawrenceville cemetery. 
 Eev. Samuel J. McCullough, who served as pastor from 1843 to 1847, and was for 
 thirty years a minister of the Gospel, was bom in Dickinson, Cumberland county. 
 
540 HISTORY OS TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 PennsylTania. He was a graduate of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania; 
 ■was deeply learned in theology, and was a sincere and devoted man in his profession. 
 He died at Tioga, December 19, 1867, aged fifty-eight ^ears, and lies buried in the 
 cemetery at Liadley, New york. Eev. Mr. Hood, who was the pastor from 1847 to 
 1849, was followed by Eev. Sidney Mills, who had charge from 1849 to 1854, and 
 also taught for a few years in the Lawrenceville Academy. He was bom March 
 30, 1779, and died at LawrencevUle, March 13, 1875. His remains were buried in 
 the Lawrenceville cemetery. Eev. Albert Henry Barnes was the pastor from 1854 
 to 1860, and Eev. Oetavius Fitch from 1861 to 1863. Mr. Pitch was a faithful and 
 earnest minister. He died February 24, 1869, and lies buried in the Lawrenceville 
 cemetery. Eev. Elijah D. "Wells and others supplied the pulpit from 1864 to 1869, 
 since which time the pastors have been as follows: Eevs. Walter S. Drysdale, 1870; 
 Mr. Cooper, 1871; Henry P. Baker, 1871-73; John B. Grier, D. D., 1873-77; 
 Henry T. Scholl, 1882-85; W. Tussing, 1886; W. A. Dunning, 1887; A. C. Eeed, 
 1888; J. Addison T\Tiittaker, 1888-89; James I. Campbell, 1889-90, and David Craft, 
 the present pastor, who came in 1891, and who also has charge of the church at 
 Antrim. 
 
 In 1831-32 the present church edifice was erected on ground donated by James 
 Ford. The heavy timbers used in the building were donated by Dr. Simeon Power. 
 The exterior of this church — the oldest house of worship in the county — is a perfect 
 model of Doric architecture. The interior was remodeled a few years since, and is 
 neat and comfortable. 
 
 In 1840 the society was incorporated under the name of the "Presbyterian 
 Congregation of Lawrenceville." There were thirty incorporators, including the 
 following trustees: Erastus Butts, Joel Adams, Micajaii Seelye, James Ford and 
 Samuel Eockwell. In 1860, on account of dissensions, a portion of the member- 
 ship withdrew and the Second Presbyterian church of Lawrenceville was organized 
 by a committee of the Presbytery of Susquehanna. Eev. Lyell T. Adams was em- 
 ployed as pastor until 1866. His successor, Eev. John Garretson, supplied the pulpit 
 until 1870, when the two factions were again united. The church now numbers 
 seventy members. There are sixty-five pupils and teachers in the Sunday-school, 
 of which WilUam S. Smith is the superintendent. 
 
 St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church was organized in 1860 under the rector- 
 ship of Eev. J. Hobart De Mille. As early as 1841, Eev. Charles Breck, the pioneer 
 minister of the denomination in the county, held services here. His successors have 
 been the rectors of St. Andrew's church, at Tioga, who also administered to this 
 congregation up to 1893, since which time there has been no stated rector. The 
 present church edifice was built in 1873, by the Society for the Advancement of 
 Christianity in Pennsylvania. Previous to its erection the congregation worshiped 
 in a hall. 
 
 The Christian Church was organized a number of years ago in the eastern part 
 of the township. A neat and substantial house of worship was erected in which the 
 congregation worship. A good Sunday-school is also maintained. 
 
 SaVbath-Schools were early organized. Joseph Nelson, a Scotch Presbyterian 
 seceder, who came from St. Lawrence county, New York, about 1815, and settled 
 
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWEENOEVILLB. 541 
 
 near Henry Colgrove's place, was an early Sabbath-school worker and used to 
 gather the children of the neighborhood in his house for religious instruction. De- 
 nominational Sabbath-schools were held in the churches of the borough, and a 
 union undenominational Sunday-school was organized by Samuel Eockwell at 
 Middaugh's in 1850. Mr. Rockwell is a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church 
 of LawrenceYille. 
 
 Cemeteries. — When the township was first settled the pioneers buried their 
 dead near their homes in order to protect their graves from wild animals. In the 
 early thirties the present cemetery west of Lawreneeville was set apart for burial 
 purposes. It is in charge of the LawrenccTille Cemetery Association, incorporated 
 September 23, 1876. The East Lawrence Cemetery Association, incorporated 
 May 10, 1881, own and control a cemetery in the township, about three miles 
 southeast of Lawreneeville. 
 
 JUSTICES AND BUEGESSES. 
 
 The ofl&ce of justice of the peace for Lawrence township has been filled as fol- 
 lows: Elijah Putnam, 1813; Ambrose Millard, 1816; John Drew, 1818; Elijah 
 De Pui and Samuel McDougall, 1819; Job Geer and Levi Vail, 1835; William 
 Willard, Jr., and Eeuben Cloos, 1827; Jonah Brewster, 1830; William Garretson 
 and Martin Bowen, 1831; Samuel Snow, 1832; Horace E. Spencer and Horace 
 Frizelle, 1883; A. M. Compton, 1834; Calvin Cowley, 1835; Erastus W. Derow, 
 Lewis Meade and J. C. Whittaker, 1836; Curtis Parkhurst and Lyman Johnson, 
 1838; William Evans, 1841; Austin Lathrop, 1842; re-elected, 1847 and 1852; 
 Samuel Broakman, 1847, and Dwight E. Cowley, 1856. Although the election 
 returns show that candidates for justices of the peace were regularly voted for, the 
 record of commissions contains no name of any who qualified from 1856 to 1873, 
 in which year Peter Eeep was commissioned. The names of the succeeding justices 
 are as follows: Isaac Losey, 1874; Peter Eeep, 1878, re-elected 1883 and 1887; 
 Sylvester Shoemaker, 1880; re-elected, 1885; J. B. Squires, 1884; George Eeep, 
 1890; WilHs F. Eeep, 1895. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the borough of Law- 
 reneeville: Lewis Meade and Ira Kilbum, 1840; Job Geer and Locke Granger, 
 1844; re-elected, 1850; Curtis Parkhurst, 1845; Edward E. Kasson, 1848; Samuel 
 B. Brooks, 1849; E. D. Wells, 1854; re-elected, 1859 and 1864; James Eyon, 1855; 
 Pardon Damon, 1857; re-elected, 1862, 1867 and 1872; J. H. Mather, 1867; re- 
 elected, 1872 and 1877; Augustus Eedfleld, 1875; George T. Losey, 1877; re- 
 elected, 1887 and 1896; George McCullough, 1881; James Stewart, 1886; re- 
 elected, 1891; D. C. Ford, 1890; Wallace P. Eyon, 1894. 
 
 The burgesses of the borough of Lawreneeville have been elected as follows: 
 Job Geer, 1831-32; Ira Kilbum, 1833-34; Micajah Seelye, 1835; Horace Frizelle, 
 1836; Lewis Meade, 1837-38; Isaac C. Whitehead, 1839; Samuel Satterlee, 1840; 
 Wells Kilbum, 1841; Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr., 1842; James Ford, 1843; Samuel 
 Satterlee, 1844-45; Eobert Inscho, 1846; Samuel Kinsey, 1847-48; Pardon Damon, 
 1849; Alexander Cropsey, 1850-51; A. C. Coopley, 1852; John Eyon, 1853; I. 
 W. Tubbs, 1854-55; Pardon Damon, 1856; W. F. Trowbridge, 1857-60; W. G. 
 Miller, 1861; Alexander Cropsey, 1862-67; Pardon Damon, 1868-69; J. F. Eusling, 
 
542 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1870-73; Locke Granger, 1874-75; N. Lossy, 1876; Alexander Cropsey, 1877; C. 
 S. Mather, 1878-79; D. C. Ford, 1880; J. C. Beeman, 1881-83; J. P. Eusling, 1884; 
 Alexander Cropsey, 1885; J. P. Eusling, 1886; P. L. Kolb, 1887; C. S. Mather, 
 1888; James ¥. Hill, 1889; J. P. Eusling, 1890; K. Losey, 1891; Myron Losey, 
 1892; J. N. Hill, 1893; George B. Colby, 1894, and Dr. Lewis Darling, 1897. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Lawrenceville Lodge, No. 913, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 14, 1875. The 
 first officers were as follows: George T. Losey, K". G.; Seth 0. Daggett, V. G.; Dr. 
 Lewis Darling, Jr., S., and J. Phippen, T. 
 
 Lawrenceville Encampment, No. 98, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized in 1878, with 
 the following officers: C. H. Tremaine, C. P.; George T. Losey, H. P.; Lewis Dag- 
 gett, S. W.; C. S. Mather, J. W.; N". Losey, S., and W. H. Baxter, T. 
 
 Capt. Phil Holland Post, No. 357, G. A. R., was organized July 16, 1863, the 
 first officers being as follows: James A. Eodgers, C; James Loughridge, S. V. C; 
 E. C. Eockwell, J. V. C; J. C. Beeman, Q. M.; George Odell, S.; H. A. Stratton, 
 C; S. M. Morgan, 0. D.; H. B. Colgrove, 0. G.; H. T. Caton, A.; L. G. Brant, 
 S. M., and L. M. Smith, Q. M. S. 
 
 HOBACETOWN. 
 
 In 1839 Horace Prizelle was rimning the Kilburn mills and quite a number of 
 the families in his employ were living on the east side of the Tioga. Thinking it 
 to be adTantageous to be incorporated into a borough, an act of the legislature, ap- 
 proved February 19, 1840, was passed, providing for the erection of the "Borough 
 of Horaeetown," including the territory bounded north by the State line, on the 
 east by Ansel Bascom's east line, on the south by Obadiah Inscho's north line, and 
 on the west by the west bank of the Tioga river at low water mark. Other sections 
 provide for the election of borough officers and prescribe their duties. The records 
 of the borough are lost and its very existence forgotten by most, even of the old people. 
 The assessment of 1841 gives twenty-seven taxables, of whom fourteen at least were 
 transient persons. The borough organization was soon abandoned and the territory 
 lapsed into the township. 
 
CHAPTER XLY. 
 
 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Oeganization— Origin op Name— Original Area— Present Boundaries— Phys- 
 ical Features— Streams— Altitude— Population— Pioneer Settlement- 
 Early Milling Enterprises— Schools— Physicians, Lawyers and Justices 
 —Churches and Cemeteries— Societies— Villages and Postofpices. 
 
 JACKSON" township was created in September, 1815, from territory preyiously 
 embraced in Tioga township, and was named in honor of Andrew Jackson, 
 the hero of the battle of New Orleans, and subsequently president of the 
 IJnited States. As originally constituted it embraced about one-half of 
 the present township of Eutland, which was created in 1838. It is the 
 northeastern township of the countj^, add is bounded on the north by New York 
 state, on the east by Bradford county, on the south by Eutland township, and on 
 the west by Tioga and Lawrence townships. It is nearly square, averaging about 
 seven miles and a quarter from east to west by six and a quarter from north to south, 
 and contains about forty-five square miles. The surface is rugged, the hills in 
 some places being steep and high. The soil is fairly fertile, the upland as well as 
 valley area being well cultivated and productive. The principal streams are Seely 
 and Hammond creeks. The former drains the southeastern part of the township, 
 flowing northeast through Job's Comers and Daggetts, and passing into Bradford 
 county about a mile and a half southeast of Millerton. Hammond creek rises in 
 the southern part of the township, and flows almost due north to Trowbridge. Here 
 it turns and pursues a northeast course through Millerton to the Bradford county 
 line, about a mile south of the New York state line. Alder brook, a branch of 
 Hammond creek, flows southeast, and drains the northwestern part of the town- 
 ship. Bear creek, another branch, flows from the south and drains a portion of 
 the eastern part of the township. Holiday run, which rises southeast of Maple 
 Eidge, and flows northwest into Tioga and Lawrence townships, drains the south- 
 western part of the township. The mean elevation above tidewater is about 1,600 
 feet. 
 
 The settlement of the township began in 1793, and it has grown steadily and 
 healthfully. In.l840 it had 1,123 inhabitants; in 1870, 1,531; in 1880, 1,824, and 
 in 1890, 1,704. 
 
 PIONEER SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Garret Miller was the pioneer settler of the township. He came from Orange 
 county, New York, and the date of his coming is fixed by the following inscription 
 upon the tombstone which marks the grave of his son, Capt. Samuel Miller, in the 
 cemetery at Millerton: 
 
g^^ HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Miller. 
 
 Pioneer of this Town. 
 
 Resided here for 57 years. 
 
 Died September 16, 1850. 
 
 Aged 71 years, 4 months. 
 
 The Napoleon of hunters ; the kind, affectionate relative and the generous friend. 
 
 According to this inscription Garret Miller and his family came into the town- 
 ship as early as 1793. A clearing was first made north of Millerton, near the New 
 York state line, but they soon afterward moved down into the valley and settled 
 permanently on Hammond creek, on the site of Millerton. The names of Garret 
 Miller and Samuel Miller appear in the census returns of the county for 1800, the 
 age of the former being given as forty-two and that of the latter as twenty-two. 
 The township at the time of their settlement was a trackless wilderness, and they 
 were compelled to cut a road through the forest from Newtown — now Blmira — 
 to their new home. They belonged to a hardy and vigorous stock, and their descend- 
 ants are among the leading citizens and business men of the township. 
 
 The next settlement was made in 1797 by Eeuben Daggett, who brought his 
 family from his native state — New Hampshire — and settled on Seely creek, near 
 the Bradford county line, in the southeastern part of the township. The place is 
 still known as Daggett's Mills. Here he and his sons, Eufus, Eeuben and Seth, 
 erected the first grist-mill and the first saw-mill in the township. 
 
 In 1812 the following named persons were residents of the township: Enos 
 Curtis, who settled in the eastern part; Jonathan Corey, Sr., Jonathan Corey, Jr., 
 Hiram Corey and John Corey, near Jackson Summit; Eeuben Daggett, Jr., Eufus 
 Daggett and Seth Daggett, who settled at Daggett's Mills; Daniel Lafferty, who 
 settled at Job's Corners; Garret Miller, Sr., Samuel Miller, Garret Miller, Jr., and 
 Joshua Miller, who settled at Millerton; David Nichols, who settled at Maple Eidge; 
 James and Jesse Seely, who settled on Seely creek, and Andrew Sharp. David 
 and Clement Paine were also in the township in 1813. 
 
 The foregoing were the pioneer families of the township. After 1813 Jackson 
 settled rapidly, the assessment list of 1816 showing forty taxables. In 1818 the 
 number had increased to fifty-nine. Owing to the entire township being heavily 
 timbered with pine, its lands were cleared slowly, the settlers preferring to await 
 the advent of saw-mills to convert the forests into lumber. These soon came and 
 lumbering became, and for half a century remained, the leading industry of the 
 township. 
 
 EAELT MILLING ENTERPRISES. 
 
 Jackson township early became the scene of important and extensive lumbering 
 operations. Prom 1815 until after 1850 the work of converting its immense forests 
 of pine into lumber was pushed forward with all the vigor and energy at the com- 
 mand of those who had their capital invested in mills and in timber lands. Before 
 the advent of the railroad into the township, logs and lumber were hauled to Elmira. 
 In the early days these were rafted down the Chemung river and the North Branch 
 of the Susquehanna to Philadelphia and other lumber markets. Saw-mills were 
 niimerous and changes of ownership frequent, showing that the business, while 
 promising large profits, often involved those who engaged in it in serious loss. As 
 
:^^ 
 
 £/^€^ 
 
JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 545 
 
 the timber disappeared the mills shut down, until now there is only one of the old 
 mills— the Mitchell mill, on Alder brook— in operation. 
 
 The pioneer grist-mill in the township was the Daggett mill, erected on Seely 
 creek, about a mile below the present village of Daggetts. It first appears on the 
 assessment list in 1817, and is assessed to Eeuben Daggett, Jr. It was a water-mill, 
 and was operated until 1830 by Eeuben Daggett, Jr., from which time until his 
 death in 1835 it was carried on by Kufus Daggett. His widow, Hannah Daggett, 
 retained control of the property until 1849, when it passed into the possession of 
 William Daggett. He rebuilt and operated it until 1853, when the firm became 
 Daggett & Sixbee, who ran it for a number of years. The mill is now the property 
 of George W. Eighmey. It has three run of stone and the roller process, and has 
 a capacity of 200 barrels of flour a day. Steam and water power are both used. 
 About 1843 James Miller erected a water-power grist-mill on Hammond creek at 
 Millerton. In 1845 and 1846 it was operated by Strock & Buchanan. It was after- 
 ward carried on by Mr. Miller for a number of years. 
 
 The first saw-mill in the township appears on the assessment list of 1817, 
 assessed to Seth Daggett, for many years a prominent and leading lumberman. He 
 operated this and other mills until 1843, when he removed to Tioga. This is the 
 only saw-mill appearing on the assessment list of the township until 1831, when the 
 names of Seth Daggett, Ezra Houghton, James Miller, Joshua G. Spencer and 
 Foster Updyke are given as owners of saw-mills. All these mills, except that of 
 James Miller, which was at Millerton, appear to have been in operation on Seely 
 creek. The Foster Updyke mill was between Daggett's Mills and Job's Corners, and 
 was operated by him until his death about 1847. It then became the property of 
 Warren Wells, and afterward had other owners. In 1833 Boynton & Dalrymple 
 began operations in the township and had three mills on Hammond creek. In 1834 
 they were operating five mills in various parts of the township. The hard times of 
 1837 appear to have caught them, as after that year their names are not on the 
 assessment list. The mill established by James Miller at Millerton appears to have 
 been conducted successfuUyfor a number of years. Among the other early mill owners 
 and operators were Aaron Gaylord, Thomas & Sayre, Irvin Clark, Norman Wells, A. C. 
 Bush, William S. Valleau, Henry Johnston, Eichard Jones, Jedediah and Thomas 
 Luce, Amos Kelly, Eichard Updyke, George Weybom, Abraham Minear, John Mit- 
 chell, Nathan Boynton, Clark Stilwell, Samuel Buchanan, William B. Keyes, S. L. 
 Parmeter, Thomas Shear, Oliver B. Cook, Aaron Chidister, Samuel Eexford, who 
 erected the first steam saw-mill in the township in 1846, and who at one time owned 
 six mills; William E. Sherford and Albert Mitchell. The only mill now in opera- 
 tion, except portable mills, is the Mitchell on Alder brook, established in 1835, and 
 now owned by George Mitchell. 
 
 A tannery was established in 1831 at Daggett's Mills by John G. Hubbell. 
 In 1838 Hiram B. Eoberts became proprietor. He died in 1843, and his widow, 
 Phoebe Eoberts, carried on the enterprise until 1844, when Seth Eoberts took 
 charge and operated it until 1849. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 A log school house was erected at Daggett's Mills about 1830. Here Miller 
 Vaughan, who came into the township as early as 1817, taught. Among the other 
 
546 HISTOHT OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 early teachers were Bethuel Goff, Daniel Leonard and Jane Buchanan. The early 
 schools were supported by subscription. After the adoption of the public school 
 law of 1835, the township was sub-divided into school districts and substantial 
 school buildings erected. The township has now fourteen schools in which in- 
 struction in the English branches is given on an average of eight months in the 
 year. Capable and efRcient teachers are employed and good wages paid. 
 
 PHYSICIANS, LAWYEHS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 As early as 1823, and for several years thereafter, Dr. Ezra Wood, an early 
 settler in Eutland township, practiced in that and Jackson townships. Hiram B. 
 Eoberts, who came into Jackson township about 1830, and settled at Daggett's 
 Mills, was the first resident physician. He appears to have practiced but a short 
 time, and to have devoted himself to other enterprises rather than to medicine. Dr. 
 Lewis Darling, an early resident physician of Lawrenceville, extended his practice 
 into this township. Ealph D. Shepherd practiced from 1841 to 1843 at Daggett's 
 Mills. D. ISr. Hunt practiced in the township from 1845 to 1850. Dr. Nathaniel 
 Smith, who is still in active practice, located in Millerton in 1847. Erastus D. 
 Yule came into the township in 1853 and practiced several years. Charles Voor- 
 hees located at Daggett's Mills in 1856, and practiced there until his death, when 
 he was succeeded by his son, Sherman Voorhees, who is still in practice. Prank 
 Smith, a son of Dr. Nathaniel Smith, has been in practice in Millerton since 1871. 
 
 Samuel E. Kirkendall, the only lawyer in the township, has been in practice 
 in Millerton since 1873. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace of the town- 
 ship: Seth Daggett, 1824; Hosea Howland, 1829; Theodore Larrison, 1832; Clark 
 Stilwell, 1836; Charles Tillinghast, 1840; Allen Gibson, 1840; Joshua G. Spencer, 
 1841; John W. Stowell, 1845; re-elected, 1850; Malachi Murdough, 1846; Wil- 
 liam B. Keyes, 1851; Nathaniel Smith, 1855; re-elected, 1865; Orrin D. Bly, 
 1855; re-elected, 1864, 1873, 1879; 0. B. Wells, 1860; Hector L. Miller, 1860; 
 M. K. Eetan, 1868; D. B. Lain, 1870; E. C. Stilwell, 1875; re-elected, 1880; L. 
 C. Eetan, 1880; re-elected, 1885, 1890; W. G. Shieve, 1885; C. H. Shieve, 1889; 
 re-elected, 1894; John E. Barnes, 1894; J. D. Garrison, 1895. 
 
 CHUEOHES AND CEMETEKIES. 
 
 The First Jackson Baptist Church was organized in 1841. '/he names of the 
 early members are as follows: E. T. Wood, Jacob Bryan, A. B. Bryan, Chester 
 TJpdyke, Stephen Wood, A. G. Garrison, W. S. Mclntyre, Johnson Brewer, William 
 Garrison, Eeuben Updyke, Elijah Moore, John Sedinger, Samuel Grinnell, Albert 
 Shorter, D. B. Harvey, S. IFpdyke, Spencer Wood, Jedediah Eice and wife, Myron 
 Mills, Hiram B. Bryan, Sai-ah Updyke, Samantha Brewer, Harriet Garrison, Mercy 
 Spencer, Eachel Parmeter, Fanny Crandall, Emeline Johnson, Polly Wood, Olive 
 Osgood, Emeline Baker, Ann Bryan, Elizabeth Moore, Sarah Parmeter, Harriet 
 Updyke, Phebe A. Updyke, Nancy J. Webster, Louisa Shieve, Mercy Grinnell, Mary 
 Eoe, Mary Ann Johnson, Harriet Van Hart, Phoebe A. Wells and Angeline Shep- 
 herd. Meetings were held in Poster Updyke's house until 1847. The first pastor, 
 Eev. Samuel Grinnell, served ten years. His successor, Eev. Myron Eockwell, 
 
JACKSOK TOWNSHIP. 547 
 
 served until 1854, since which the church has had the following pastors: Eevs. C. 
 Beebe, 1855; Samuel Grinnell, 1856; C. Beebe, 1857-58; L. Stone, 1860-63; M. 
 Eoekwell, 1864-68; M. Eockwell, 1870; Levi Stone, 1872; C. H. Growl, 1873; M. 
 Eockwell, 1875-77; L. D. Ayers, 1880; C. B. Smith, 1884; E. D. Hays, 1885-86; 
 J. A. Klucker, 1889; G. P. Watrous, 1891-93; P. Wilson, 1894; M. H. Dunham, 
 1895; W. H. Porter, 1896. The present church building was erected at Job's 
 Corners about 1870. The church now has twenty-eight members. There are fifty- 
 five teachers and pupils in the Sunday-school, of which J. E. Sedinger is the superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 The Wesi Jackson Baptist Church was organized November 4, 1841. The fol- 
 lowing named persons constituted the original membership: Sanniel Bullock, Dean 
 Hudson, James Friends, Horatio Bisbee, Augustus Bisbee, Sylvanus Hudson, George 
 Friends, Polly Friends, Lucinda Beeman, Elizabeth M. L. BuJlock, Hannah Hudson 
 and Jane Hudson. At the tijne the church was organized Samuel Bullock was 
 ordained a miaister and became the first pastor, remaining until August 37, 1843. 
 His successors have been Eevs. Stephen Tobey, 1843-46; Samuel Grinnell, 1847-48; 
 Stephen Tobey, 1849-53; Samuel Grinnell, 1855; Stephen Tobey, 1857; D. P. 
 Maryott, 1858; W. B. Jones, 1859; E. A. Hadley, 1860; L. Stone, 1861-65; M. 
 Eoekwell, 1866-71; F. Purvis, 1875; C. P. Mott, 1877; L. D. Ayers, 1879-81; S. 
 W. Cole, 1883-83; C. B. Smith, 1884; E. D. Hays, 1887-88; G. P. Watrous, 1893-93; 
 M. H. Dunham, 1895; W. H. Porter, 1896. In 1876 a frame church building was 
 erected at a cost of $1,600. Previous to its erection the society worshiped in the 
 Mann school house. The church is situated on the Alder brook road, near the 
 residence of S. E. Friends. The society now numbers thirty-eight members. There 
 are sixty teachers and pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Jay Friends is the 
 superintendent. 
 
 Jackson Summit Baptist Church was organized in the spring of 1884, with L. 
 E. Sheldon, Helen N. Sheldon, W. L. Hazen, Mrs. W. L. Hazen, P. F. Wilson, Susan 
 Wilson, Jay Wilson, Minnie Hazen, Fannie Hazen, Grant Whipple, K T. Davis, 
 Edgar Crumb, Emma Crumb, Lot Morrill and Emma Walker. The names of the 
 pastors of this church are as follows: Eevs. C. B. Smith, 1884; L. D. Ayres, 1885; 
 A. Ward, 1886; G. P. Watrous, 1893-93; M. H. Dunham, 1895; W. H. Porter, 1896. 
 This society built a neat frame house of worship, costing $750, in 1893. There are 
 forty-four members connected with this church; also two Sunday-schools, one at 
 Jackson Summit and one at the Thomas school house, with a total membership of 
 115 teachers and pupils. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Millerton was ' organized in 1848, by Eev. 
 William M. Haskell, with the following members: Hezekiah Dunham, Anna Dunham, 
 Hector L. Miller, Polly Kelley, Elizabeth Kelley, George Miller, Hannah Miller, 
 George Prutsman and Betsy Prutsman. The first pastor was Eev. William M. 
 Haskell. His successors have been: Eevs. Harvey Lamkin, W. H. Knapp, Thomas 
 J. 0. Wooden, Mr. Coolbaugh, Mr. Ford, John Alabaster, A. J. Blanchard, A. Ensign, 
 N. B. Congdon, H. B. Troxell, Paul Smith, E. C. White, Henry Meeker, J. C. 
 Crowther, Charles L. Shergus and W. W. Hunt, the present pastor, who took charge 
 in October, 1896. A frame church building was erected in 1851-53, during the 
 pastorate of Eev. W. H. Knapp, and a parsonage during the pastorate of Eev. A. J. 
 
548 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 Blanchard. There are now eighty members in this church. In the Sunday-school 
 there are 100 teachers and pupils. The superintendent is S. J. Kirkendall. Walter 
 Messing is president of the Epworth League. The church at Jackson Center and 
 the class at Kelley Hill are in this charge. The members of a Methodist Episcopal 
 church which formerly existed at Mitchell's Mills joined with this church a few years 
 ago, the society at Mitchell's Mills going out of existence. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Daggetfs Mills was organized nearly fifty 
 years ago, and a house of worship, costing $1,500, built in 1854. It has belonged to 
 the Genesee and Troy conferences at difEerent times, and is at present in the latter 
 conference. It has, during recent years, been served by pastors assigned to neighbor- 
 ing churches in Bradford county. The present pastor is Eev. S. W. Eaton. 
 
 The Methodist Church of Jackson Center is the outgrowth of a class organized 
 there over thirty years ago. A house of worship was erected in 1871. This church 
 now numbers 110 members and maintains a good Sunday-school. It is in the Mil- 
 lerton charge and has been served by the pastors of the Millerton church. 
 
 Cemeteries, in which repose the remains of the pioneer settlers of Jackson, are 
 to be found at Millerton, Daggetts, Job's Corners, Mitchell's Mills, Jackson Center 
 and other places in the township. Those at Millerton, Daggetts, Job's Comers 
 and Mitchell's Mills are large, well laid out and well cared for. In the cemetery at 
 Millerton lie the remains of Garret Miller and his wife, his son, Capt. Samuel Miller, 
 and other members of this pioneer family. The Curren cemetery, in the northern 
 part of the township, is also another old burying ground. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The secret societies of Jackson represent nearly all the leading orders. Seely 
 Creek Lodge, No. 641, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 34, 1868, with twenty-two 
 members. It meets at Daggetts, where it owns a commodious and well-furnished 
 hall building, erected in 1876-77, at a cost of $3,000. This lodge now numbers fifty- 
 six members. Jackson Encampment, No. 31, I. 0. 0. P., which meets in this hall, 
 was organized December 11, 1895, with forty members. Mechanics' Union, No. 
 354, E. A. U., which also meets in the same hall, was organized March 3, 1881, with 
 twenty members. Millerton Lodge, No. 935, I. 0. 0. F., was organized March 18, 
 1876. It now numbers forty-two members and meets in Union Hall, Millerton. 
 This hall was erected in 1895 by a stock company. Jackson Summit Lodge has 
 recently been merged with this lodge, thus giving it increase of membership and 
 of strength. Corp. Charles W. Deming Post, No. 476, G. A. K., and Corp. Charles 
 W. Deming Corps, No. 102, W. E. C, also meet in Union Hall. The former was 
 organized March 35, 1885, and has now fifty members. The latter was organized 
 March 21, 1896, with sixteen members. Mitchell's Mills Grange, No. 912, P. of H., 
 was organized January 31, 1890. It meets at Mitchell's Mills. The hall owned 
 by this society was originally the Alder Eun Methodist Episcopal church building. 
 After being purchased by the grange it was repaired and furnished, and is now one 
 of the best grange halls in the county. The society numbers 224 members in 
 good standing, and is prosperous. Job's Corners Grange, No. 1110, P. of H., was 
 organized May 39, 1894, in the fall of which year it erected a hall building at Job's 
 
JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 549 
 
 Corners costing $1,300. It is a strong and prosperous society, having now about 
 100 members, embracing the representative farmers of that section of the county. 
 
 VILLAGES AND POSTOFFICBS. 
 
 Daggetts, originally known as Daggett's Mills, and later as Spencerville, Dallas- 
 ville, then again as Daggett's Mills, and lastly as Daggetts, is the oldest village in the 
 township. It grew around the saw-mills established on Seely creek near the village 
 site. At one time it was a place of considerable importance and the largest village 
 in the township. With the cessation of lumbering, due to the giving out of the tim- 
 ber supply, it lost much of its business prestige. The first postoffice in the town- 
 ship was established here nearly seventy years ago. Seth Daggett, the first post- 
 master, was succeeded in 1837 by Joshua Gr. Spencer. In 1841 Lewis Daggett was 
 appointed. He held until 1843, when he lemoved to Tioga. His successors have 
 been Eichmond Jones, Orrin B. Wells, John Joslyn, W. H. Ferguson, D. B. Lain, 
 W. E. Compton and D. H. Scott, who was appointed July 1, 1894. 
 
 A tavern was opened here about 1834 by Joshua G. Spencer. Among his 
 successors as landlords of this hostelry were Andrew Murdough, Albert Jones, S. 
 S. Eoberts, James Clinton, Jacob Corzett, A. Minear, Gates Bird and others. The 
 last landlord in the village, Samuel EeynoMs, occupies the building erected as a 
 hotel about thirty years ago. He is also the oldest inhabitant, being a son of Saanuel 
 S. Eeynolds, a blacksmith, who settled there in 1823. 
 
 The first store was opened at Daggett's Mills in 1834 by Eichmond Jones. 
 Among other early merchants were Hiram B. Eoberts, who began business in 1836; 
 Wells & Pierce, who opened a store about 1838; Daggett, Jones & Keyes, Jones & 
 Keyes, and Seth S. Eoberts. The present merchants are D. H. Scott, who is also 
 postmaster, and H. P. Sweazey. 
 
 Millerton, first known as Hammond Creek, then as Millertown, and since 1878 
 as Millerton, is situated on Hammond creek, near the Bradford county line, and 
 is the largest village in the township. The first settler here was Garret Miller, who 
 came into the township in 1793. The village growth began about 1840, with the 
 establishment of the first store by James Miller. In 1844 Hector L. Miller and 
 Jesse C. Kinner were the merchants here. In 18-57 Mathew K. Eetan embarked 
 in business, continuing until about 1867. The present merchants are Miller & 
 Miller and Jesse B. Miller. A hotel was opened about 1848 by James Miller, who 
 kept it until 1867. The present hotel building was erected in 1876 by Oliver Ham- 
 ilton. W. W. Quackenbush, who has had a number of successors, was the first 
 landlord. 
 
 The Millerton Advocate was established April 26, 1877, by A. C. Lumbard & 
 Son. In October of the same year it was purchased by Harry T. Graves, who has 
 since successfully conducted it. The Advocate is devoted to local matters, and 
 receives a large advertising patronage from Elmira, New York. 
 
 A postofSce, called Hammond Creek, was established here in 1857. M. K. 
 Eetan, the first postmaster, held the office until 1867, when J. H. Miller, the present 
 incumbent, was appointed. The name of the office was first changed to Millertown, 
 and in 1878 to Millerton. The village is a station on the Tioga branch of the 
 
550 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 "Erie," contains a church, a public school building, a public hall, two general stores, 
 a drug store, a printing office, etc., and is the principal business point in the town- 
 ship. 
 
 JoVs Corners, situated on Seely creek, near the southeast comer of the town- 
 ship, was named for James Job, who settled there about 1833. James K. Burgess, 
 the first merchant, opened a store there in 1853. N". W. Garrison was also an early 
 merchant. The present merchant is G. A. Cornwell. Besides the store, the village 
 contains a church, grange hall, blacksmith shop, etc. A postoffice was established 
 here in July, 1887. John E. Westbrook, the first postmaster, held the office until 
 February 4, 1890, when he was succeeded by G. A. Cornwell, the present incumbent. 
 
 Mitchell's Mills is the name of a small settlement on Alder brook, which has 
 grown up around the old Mitchell saw-mill, beside which it contains a church, a 
 grange hall and a blacksmith shop. 
 
 Maple Ridge was the name of a postoffice, established about 1857, in the west- 
 ern part of the township. Isaac Spencer was the postmaster here for a number of 
 years. The office was discontinued after the biulding of the Tioga branch of the 
 ''Erie" through the township in 1876. 
 
 Jackson Center is situated south of the center of the township. It contains 
 a church building and a store. C. H. Johnson, the merchant, is also the postmaster. 
 The postoffice, which is named Pipe Line, was established in 1894. The mail is 
 conveyed overland from Trowbridge. 
 
 Trowbridge, near the center of the township, is the name of a railroad station 
 and postoffice on the Tioga branch of the "Tjiie." It was established shortly after 
 the building of the railroad, and was named in honor of the late Henry Trowbridge, 
 the first settler there, who gave the railroad company a site for a station and a right 
 of way through his land. It is said to enjoy the distinction of being the only post- 
 - office of tlje name in the United States. Mr. Trowbridge's son, Henry 0. Trow- 
 bridge, the first postmaster, held the office until August 22, 1895, when his brother, 
 Lemuel A. Trowbridge, was appointed. 
 
 Jachson Summit, in the western part of the township, is the name of a station 
 and postoffice on the Tioga branch of the "Erie." A postoffice was established here 
 in 1877. The postmasters have been H. J. Tobey, E. C. Pedrick and Mrs. A. Heer- 
 mans, who was appelated in July, 1889. This place contains a church, school 
 house, blacksmith shop and two stores, the latter kept by D. B. Lain and Mrs. A. 
 Heermans. 
 
CHAPTEE XLYI. 
 
 RUTLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Oeganization— Boundaries— Physical Features— Stkeams— Iron Ore— Popula- 
 tion— Early Settlers— Mills and Other Enterprises— Schools— Physicians 
 AND Justices— Churches and Cemeteries— Roseville Borough. 
 
 RUTLAND township was organized in February, 1838, and was taken from the 
 townships of Sullivan and Jackson. It is bounded on the north by Jackson 
 township, on the east by Bradford county, on the south by Sullivan and Eiehmond 
 townships and on the west by Richmond and Tioga townships. The surface of the 
 township is somewhat rougher than that of Sullivan, and there is a much larger 
 amount of uncleared and untilled land, covered, as a rule, with hard wood timber, the 
 pine and hemlock, except on a few isolated tracts, having disappeared years ago. 
 Mill creek, the principal stream, rises in the edge of Bradford county and pursues 
 a westerly course, a little south of the center of the township. The drainage from 
 the north and from the south is toward this stream. Its principal branches on the 
 north are North creek, Bailey creek and Hibbard ran. On the south the principal 
 branch is Elk run and its tributaries. The township, as a whole, may be classed as 
 one of the upland townships of the county, the hill sximmits rising to 1,800 feet 
 above tidewater, the mean level being about 1,500 feet. Iron ore of a fair quality 
 is found in various parts of the township, that on the land of J. M. Hall, near Rose- 
 ville, being the largest and best. During the time the furnace at Mansfield was 
 in operation, quantities of this ore were hauled overland to it. For several years 
 past Mr. Hall has utilized the ore in the manufacture of mineral paint, for sale and 
 shipment. During the earlier years of the township's history lumbering was the 
 principal industry. Since the clearing away of the pine and hemlock timber, the 
 people have devoted themselves to the cultivation of the soil, and are fast making 
 the township one of the leading farming townships of the county. The township 
 has grown healthfully since its organization. In 1840 it contained 693 inhabitants; 
 in 1870, 1,157; in 1880, including Roseville borough, 1,249, and in 1890, 1,071. 
 
 EABLY SETTLERS. 
 
 One of the very earliest settlers of the township was William Rose, who came 
 from Rutland county, Vermont, in 1806, and settled on the site of Roseville. In 
 1808 Jesse Smith came from Delaware county. New York, and settled in what is 
 known as "Smith Hollow." In 1812 there were also residing in the township the 
 following named taxables: John Benson, who settled on the Bradford county line; 
 Ebenezer and W. D. Bacon, on the farm afterward owned by George T. Longwell; 
 Richard, Judah and Noah Gifford, near Roseville, on Brier Hill, and Cornelius and 
 Andrew Sharp, just east of Roseville, on what was afterwards known as the John 
 
552 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Hall place. Solomon Goff came in 1815 and settled north of Eoseville. 
 
 The first assessment after the organization of the township was taken in 1829. 
 It showed the following taxables: Stewart Austin, who lived near the Van Ness 
 school house; John Argetsinger, one mile southeast of Eoseville; Isaac Benson, 
 at the mouth of Painter run; Ephraim Bryant, Bethuel Bentley, on Mill creek, 
 below Eoseville; Halsey Burton, at Burton's Corners, southeast of Eoseville; Jacob 
 Benson, on Pumpkin Hill; Caleb and Silas Burrell, west of Eoseville; Sylvester 
 Benson, in the Oldroyd neighborhood; Johnson Brewer, three miles northeast of 
 Eoseville; Peter Backer, at Eoseville; \V. D. Bacon, in the southern part of the 
 tpwnship; Sylvanus Benson, on Mill creek, above Eoseville; William M. and Jabez 
 Coxey, near Eoseville; David and Asa Crippen, two miles south of Eoseville, on 
 Brier Hill; Sydney, Cornelius, Samuel and Joseph Clark, at Burton's Comers; 
 Harris Corey, two miles east of Eoseville; John Crippen, south of Eoseville; James 
 Dann and James Dann, Jr., on Brier Hill; John B. Dann, near Eoseville; Nathan 
 Gifford, on Brier Hill; Nathan Goodwin, on Mill creek, four miles below Eoseville, 
 at "Patchogue;" Gardner Gould, on Pumpkin Hill; Justus Garretson, in the north- 
 eastern part of the township; Hosea, William W. and John E. Howland, southeast 
 of Eoseville; Baldwin Hazwell, on Mill creek, below Eoseville; David Huntley, ia 
 the eastern part of the township; Calvin W. Handmer, on the John Hall farm; 
 Benjamin Lawrence, at Lawrence's Corners; Nathan and Sylvester Newberry, on 
 Pumpkin Hill; Lucinda Newberry, on the Hugh Argetsinger farm; Elisha Nash, 
 in the southern part of the township; Levi Osgood, in the northeastern part of the 
 township; Eichard Pemberton, a mile below Eoseville; David Pnitsman, in the 
 northeastern part of the township; Erastus and Levi Eose, in Eoseville; Virgil Eose, 
 at Burton's Comers; Samuel, D. B. and John Eeynolds, in the southern part of the 
 township; Isaac and I. S. Smith, in Smith Hollow; Jefferson Sherman, near Eose- 
 ville; Eobert Searles, on Pumpkin Hill; John Snyder, on the Patrick Longwell 
 place, above Eoseville; Silas Smith, near Smith's Hollow; John, Tunis and Albert 
 Slingerland, near the center of the township; Ira and Daniel Walters, William, John, 
 Henry and Abram IJpdyke and Jonathan and Solomon Wood, on Pumpkin Hill, 
 and James Eosell, near Job's Comers. 
 
 Of the foregoing, a few remained in the township but a short time. Some 
 moved into Sullivan, Ward and other townships, while others became pioneers in the 
 new states farther west. The majority, however, cleared the lands settled upon, 
 and spent the remainder of their lives in the township. In many instances the 
 original homesteads are occupied by their descendants. 
 
 MILLS AND OTHEH ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 In 1822 or 1823 William Eose erected a distillery at Eoseville, which he operated 
 eight or ten years. In 1825 Sylvanus Benson, Hosea Howland and Barrett Claxk, 
 each had one-third interest in a saw-mill on Mill creek, in the eastern part of the 
 township. About 1836 Sylvester Bailey erected a saw-mill on Elk run, near the 
 Sullivan township line. This he operated until his death about 1852.' In this, 
 as in other townships, mills were rapidly established after 1835, aaid changes of 
 ownership were frequent. Sites for mills were selected on Mill creek, both above 
 and below Eoseville, and also on Elk run in the western part of the township. The 
 
Ci^..^^<....9^1<y**'-£^^^iy 
 
EUTLAND TOWNSHIP. 553 
 
 later mills were usually operated by steam. For the past ten or fifteen yeaxs portable 
 steam-mills have for the most part replaced the stationary mills. The timber sup- 
 ply, while not abundant, is yet sufficient to permit the cutting of a few million feet 
 each year. Among the more prominent of the early mill owners and lumbermen 
 were Bethuel Bentley, Frederick Cruttenden, Josephus Clark, William Killgore, 
 Ebenezer Dunning, Charles Clayton, Josiah Brown, E. W., "W. and Koyal Eose, 
 Timothy and Nelson Brace, Alfred McClure, Peter Sechrist, Daggett & Sixbee, 
 Isaac L. Wells, Eodney E. Mies and others. Among the mill owners of more recent 
 years were A. M. Moorehouse, Frank G. Hall, Edgar M. Brace and Burton Schrader. 
 A grist-mill was erected in the early thirties on Mill creek, a short distance 
 above Eoseville. It was operated for a few years by Eufus Daggett and Lyman 
 Gibson; then by Lyman, Allen and William Gibson; from 1838 to 1840 by Allen 
 Gibson; in 1841-42 by Samuel C. Gibson; then for two years by Chazles I. & E. 
 Brown. Then followed a number of changes of ownership until 1868, when the 
 property passed into the hands of 0. C. & B. Schrader. In 1871 0. C. Schrader 
 became owner. In 1873 Burton Schrader acquired the property, adding a saw- 
 mill in 1880. In 1894 the property passed into the possession of Eoss & Williams, 
 of Mansfield, and is now owned by Charles S. Eoss of that place. In 1863 Myron 
 Mills erected a taimery in Eoseville, which he operated for several years, when the 
 enterprise was discontinued. A mill for the purpose of converting iron ore into 
 mineral paint has been operated for several years past by J. M. Hall, just east of 
 Eoseville borough. Mr. Hall has a large deposit of iron ore on his place. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school was established in the township before 1880, on Mill creek. 
 Like all early schools, it was a log building and was supported by subscription. Early 
 schools were also established at Eoseville and in the Bentley neighborhood. After 
 the adoption of the public school system, the township was divided into districts. 
 At the present time there are twelve schools in the township and one in Eoseville 
 borough. The average number of months taught, is six in the township and seven 
 in the borough. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 Dr. Ezra Wood began practice in the township as early as 1833 and continued 
 until his death in 1829. Francis H. White began practice in 1833. About 1837 
 he removed from the township, returning, however, and resuming his practice in 
 1850. He continued in the active duties of his profession to within a few years 
 of his death. He died in 1885, having attained the remarkable age of 106 years. 
 Sanford Eoblyer, Dr. Harrison, Abel Humphrey and Ealph Shepherd practiced in 
 the township from 1838 to 1840; David S. Eoblyer, from 1841 to 1843; Orson 
 Gregory, 1843 and 1844, and D. IST. Hunt, 1844 to 1846. Joel Eose began practice 
 in 1846 and continued for over twenty years. Dr. John M. Barden, a son of Dr. 
 William M. Barden, the pioneer homeopathic physician of the county, was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1862, and located in Eoseville. Here he continued to prac- 
 tice until 1881, when he removed to Mansfield, returning to Eoseville in 1895. 
 In 1875 Dr. Benjamin Moody located in Eoseville, and practiced there until 1877, 
 
654 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 when he removed to Mansfield. In 1883, 0. S. ISTye, one of the present resident phy- 
 sicians, began practice in EoseAdlle. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 organization of the township: Joseph Clark, 1835; Clark Stilwell, 1835; Jeffer- 
 son Sherman, 1840; John W. ¥rost, 1840; Erastus Eose, 1843; re-elected, 1850; 
 1855; Bethuel Bentley, 1845; Charles Sherman, 1848; Schuyler Horton, 1853; 
 re-elected, 1858; Daniel Watson, 1860; re-elected, 1865, 1870, 1875; Henry Old- 
 royd, 1863; re-elected, 1868; J. D. Longwell, 1873; Jefferson Prutsman, 1876; 
 re-elected, 1881, 1886, 1891; D. S. Horton, 1876; Eeynolds Sixbee, 1881; re- 
 elected, 1886; David Conable, 1891; George Tanner, 1893, and G. J. Cook, 1897. 
 
 CHUECHES AND CEMETBEIES. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of North Sullivan and South Rutland was 
 organized in 1841, and is familiarly known as the Mansfield church. A church 
 building was erected in 1842, and the society incorporated. Among those who 
 have served as pastors of this church were Eevs. Ira Smith, Joseph Pearsall, 
 Charles L. Brown, Mr. Wallace, Mr. Black, Charles Wright, Jonas Dodge, J. K. 
 Tuthill, S. Alden, Enoch H. Cranmer, William Hosmer, E. L. Stilwell, John P. 
 Kent, Elisha Sweet, C. L. F. Howe, Nathan S. Clark, M. H. Shurtleff, Amos Mans- 
 field, George Wilkinson, Isaac Everett, S. G. Ehinevault, Charles M. Adams, J. 
 0. Benham, A. D. Edgar, E. D. Eose, E. J. Hermans, D. W. C. Huntington, C. 
 C. Wilbur, M. S. Kymer, J. H. Eoss, Wesley Cochran, M. T. Wheeler, Paul Smith, 
 Mr. Briggs, A. S. Darling, John Vankirk, S. A. Chubbuck, C. B. Eowley, E. D. 
 Eawson, G. W. Moiey, E. E. Ballard, H. D. Barber, George Warburton, Paul 
 Smith, M. E. Eockwell, Edward Eiley, Charles Hillman and J. C. Crowther, the 
 present pastor, who took charge in October, 1894. 
 
 The Second Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1860 with ten mem- 
 bers, and a church erected in 1865, at Lawrence's Corners, near Mill creek, below 
 Eoseville. This church has had the same pastors as the "Mansfield church." 
 
 . The Third Methodist Episcopal Church of Rutlaiid is the church at Eose- 
 ville. It was incorporated in 1870 and a building erected, which was destroyed 
 in the fire of July 8, 1890. A new building and a parsonage have since been erected. 
 This church has been served by the same pastors as the "Mansfield church." 
 
 Bailey Creek Baptist Church was organized April 13, 1859, with nineteen 
 members, as follows: Eev. Benjamin Oviatt, Timothy Brace, Temperance Brace, 
 Horace Brace, E. Brace, D. Havens, Julia A. Longwell, Henrietta Kangsley, G. W. 
 Kingsley, Freeman Harris, Mrs. F.Harris, F. Ingersoll,I. Eickey, Anna Eickey, Nelson 
 Brace, Aaron Squires and wife, and Benjamin Fralic and wife. The following 
 named persons have served the church as pastors: Eev. Benjamin Oviatt, 1859; 
 Samuel Grinnell, 1860; J. Gray, 1861-63; M. Eockwell, 1864-67; G. P. Watrous, 
 1870-73; C. H. Crowl, 1873-74; M. Eockwell, 1875-76; C. P. Mott, 1877; M. 
 Eockwell, 1878-80; Samuel Early, 1881-83; C. B. Smith, 1884; E. D. Hays, 1885- 
 86; S. D. Merrick, 1887; J. A. Klucker, 1889; G. P. Watrous, 1891; C. H. Crowl, 
 1892-93; L. L. Grover, 1894. This church now numbers forty-five members. A 
 church building was erected on Elk run, a short distance above its junction -with 
 Mill creek, in 1871, at a cost of $3,280, and a hall and sheds costing $600 added in 
 
BUTLAND TOWNSHIP. 555 
 
 1882. There axe fifty-six pupils and teachers in the Sunday-school, of which N. 
 C. Brace is superintendent. 
 
 The Rutland Baptist Church was organized in Eoseville, August 30, 1873, with 
 fourteen members, as follows: John M. Barden, Hannah H. Barden, Myron Mills, 
 Mary J. Mills, D. W. Havens, Mrs. Louisa IJavens, Leroy D. Pierce, Mrs. S. M. 
 Pierce, Mrs. Polly Wood, Philander D. Eockwell, William Worden, Mrs. Caroline 
 Worden, Mrs. Mary Baker and Mrs. Louisa Soper. Eev. R. Corbett, the first pas- 
 tor, served during 1873. His successors have been as follows: Eevs. C. H. Growl, 
 1873-74; F. Purvis, 1875; M. Eockwell, 1876-83; C. B. Smith, 1884; E. D. Hays, 
 1885-87; Franklin Pierce, 1888; J. A. Klucker, 1889,; G. P. Watrous, 1891-93; 
 
 C. H. Growl, 1893-95, and S. G. Brundage, who took charge in March, 1896. A 
 neat and attractive church building, costing $3,000, was dedicated December 10, 
 1873. The church has now forty-eight members. In the Sunday-school, of which 
 Joel Glark is the superintendent, are fifty-five pupils and teachers. Both church 
 and school are constantly growing. 
 
 Cemeteries and neighborhood burying grounds are to be found in various 
 paris of the township. The old burying ground at Eoseville is on a little knoll on 
 Mill creek. The newer cemetery, near the Baptist church, is regularly laid out 
 and will eared for. In the eastern part of the township, near the roadside, on a 
 knoll, is the old Clark burying ground, containing the remains of the pioneers 
 of that neighborhood. In the southeastern part of the township, near the Sher- 
 man school, is another old burying ground. In the Bentley graveyard, below 
 Eoseville, is found a modest tombstone, bearing the following inscription: 
 
 Daniel Wattles. 
 
 A Soldier of the Revolution. 
 
 Born in Connecticut in 1761. 
 
 Died in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1839. 
 
 This stone was erected to his memory by J. M. Wattles, of Bradford cou,nty, as a 
 
 mark of filial affection and gratitude. 
 
 Mr. Wattles was an early settler in the township, in which he resided for 
 several years previous to his death. 
 
 EOSEVILLE BOEOUGH. 
 
 Eoseville is situated on Mill creek, a short distance east and south of the 
 ijenter of the township. It was named in honor of William Eose, who settled on 
 its site in 1806, and who was for many years its leading citizen. It is one of the 
 smaller boroughs of the county, and is a purely rural village, being in the midst 
 of a good agricultural section. The first tavern keeper was William Eose, Jr., who 
 began business in a little house that stood on the vacant lot south of the Long- 
 well residence. A building was afterwards erected on the site of the present Eose- 
 ville Hotel. About 1850 William Eose, Jr., w^as succeeded by Eoyal Eose, who 
 continued in business until his death in November, 1865. He was succeeded by 
 
 D. W. Hibbard, who kept the house for a number of years. He had a number of 
 successors. The hotel was destroyed by fire in July, 1890, being then the property 
 of P. C. Avery. It was rebuilt and is now run by him. The Backer House was 
 erected about 1849 by Peter Backer. He kept it for a number of years. It has 
 had numerous landlords. It is not now run as a hotel. 
 
 A postofHee, called Eutland, was established in the township in 1838. 
 
556 . HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Bethuel Bentley was the first postmaster and kept the office in his dwelling, about 
 a mile and a half below Eoseville, on Mill creek. He held the office until 1840, 
 ■when William Eose, Jr., was appointed and the office permanently located at Eose- 
 Tille. The succeeding postmasters have been Eoyal Eose, H. B. Hibbard, E. E. 
 Backer, appointed in 1866; C. B. Hanyen, appointed in 1881; Daniel Watson, 
 appointed in 1885; E. E. Wood, appointed in 1889, and J. P. Wilcox, appointed 
 June 17, 1893. The office was made a money-order office April 7, 1893. 
 
 A store was opened in Eoseville about 1837, by Eoyal Eose, who continued 
 in business until 1852, when the enterprise was conducted for two years by E. and 
 E. Eose and A. Hall. J. B. and P. S. Drake were merchants in 1852, and Byron 
 Clark in 1853. Strait & Austin began business, as merchants, in 1860, and were 
 succeeded in 1863 by Charles L. Strait, who continued in business over twenty 
 years. In 1867 Capt. E. E. Backer embarked in business, and was succeeded 
 in 1874 by Myron Mills. About 1881 Mr. Mills removed to Mansfield. The 
 present merchants are C. B. Hanyen, who has been in business in Eoseville since 
 1881, and H. L. Blood, who began business in 1886. 
 
 Eoseville was incorporated as a borough February 3, 1876, the first officers 
 being as follows: S. S. Johns, burgess; 6. W. Sherman, Myron Mills, L. C. Ben- 
 son, C. L. Strait, John M. Barden and Daniel Watson, councilmen; Daniel Wat- 
 son and J. D. Longwell, justices of the peace; Josephus Stout, constable; D. W. 
 Hibbard, street commissioner, and Warren Eose, assessor. The office of burgess 
 has been since held by the following-named persons: S. S. Johns, 1877; G. W. 
 Soper, 1888; L. D. Pierce, 1879; E. Crapser, 1880-81; Alanson Eose, 1882; S. 
 Eose, 1883; 0. B. Burlew, 1884; John Teneyck, 1885; H. H. Van Ockin, 1886; 
 Alexander Eose, 1887; A. C. Young, 1888-89; John Teneyck, 1890; 0. S. Nye, 
 1891-92; L. Eose, 1893; H. H. Van Ockin, 1894; J. D. Longwell, 1895; Frank 
 Argetsinger, 1896, and J. F. WHlcox, 1897. 
 
 The justices of Eoseville have been as follows: J. D. Longwell, 1878; Daniel 
 Watson, 1880; Charles W. Kelley, 1883; re-elected in 1888 and 1893; C. B. 
 Hanyen, 1885; re-elected in 1890, and Josephus Stout, 1895. 
 
 The first secret society in Eoseville was Adelphic Lodge, No. 368, I. 0. 0. F., 
 originally organized in Tioga, October 8, 1847, and removed to Eoseville April 2, 
 1857, where it flourished and became the parent of Seely Creek Lodge, at Dag- 
 getts, and of the lodges at AustinviRe and Aspinwall, in Bradford county. The 
 hall building of this lodge was destroyed in the fire of July 8, 1890, soon after 
 which the charter was surrendered and it passed o\it of existence. The existing 
 societies in Eoseville are Capt. E. E. Backer Post, No. 616, G. A. E., organized Sep- 
 tember 6, 1892, and which has now twenty-three members; and Eutland Tent, 
 No. 87, K. 0. T. M., which was organized September 30, 1895. It now numbers 
 seventeen members. 
 
 July 8, 1890, the borough was visited by a destructive fire, which swept out of 
 existence twenty-three buildings, including one hotel, the Methodist church, C. 
 B. Hanyen's store, and a number of private residences and bams. The loss in 
 properly exceeded $50,000. The church and the hotel and a number of the 
 residences, including the Methodist parsonage, have since been rebuilt. The 
 borough now contains a postoffice, a hotel, two general stores, two churches, a 
 public school building, two blacksmith shops, etc. 
 
CHAPTEE XL VII. 
 
 SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Oeganization— Original Area and Present Boundaries— Soil and Products- 
 Streams— Derivation OF Name— Population— Early Settlers— Business 
 Enterprises— Schools— Physicians and Justices— Churches— Cemeteries- 
 Secret Societies— Borough of Mainesburg — Villages and Postoffices. 
 
 SULLIVAN township was organized in February, 1816, and was taken from 
 Covington township. It embraced within its original boundaries the larger 
 part of the township of Eutland, and all of the townships of Union and "Ward. 
 As at present constituted it embraces an area averaging six and a half miles from 
 east to west, by seven miles from north to south, and contains about forty-iive 
 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Eutland township; east by Brad- 
 ford coimty; south by Ward township, and west by Covington and Eiehmond 
 townships. The mean elevation above tidewater is about 1,400 feet. The general 
 surface, except along the southern border, is undulating. The soil is productive 
 and weU adapted to the cereal grains, meadow grasses, orchard fruits and tobacco. 
 In proportion to its area, Sulhvan township is the richest and best agricul- 
 tural township in the county. Very little of its land is uncultivated, and its farmers 
 are thrifty, prosperous and progressive. It is well watered, and its creek valleys 
 are the sites of some of the finest farms in the township. Elk run rises near the 
 southeast corner and flows northwest through the central part of the township, 
 receiving a number of smaller branches. Corey creek rises south of the center 
 of the township, and pursues a northwest course to Mainesburg, west of which it 
 passes into Eiehmond township. Canoe Camp creek pursues a westward course 
 through the southwestern part of the township. 
 
 Among the early settlers were a number of Eevolutionaxy soldiers, who had 
 seen service under Gen. John Sullivan, who, in the summer of 1779, led an ex- 
 pedition against the Indians in the Genesee valley. When the township was or- 
 ganized, these early settlers named it "Sullivan," in honor of their old commander. 
 Its growth in population and wealth has been steady and progressive. In 1840 it 
 led in population, having 1,378 inhabitants. In 1870 it had 1,637 inhabitants; 
 in 1880, 1,345, and ia 1890, 1,311. The decrease in population, during recent 
 years, has been due to the suspension of lumbering operations, owing to the ex- 
 haustion of the timber supply. Sullivan is now a strictly agricultural town- 
 ship, and as such is rich and prosperous. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The settlement of the township began about 1803, in which year Samuel Eey- 
 nolds came from Vermont and settled on the farm until recently occupied by his 
 son, the late Thomas Eeynolds, on the State road. David Palmer, a native of 
 
558 HISTORY OF TIOGA COXTNTT. 
 
 Oneida county, New York, settled in the eastern part of the township, where he 
 and his brother Stephen pre-empted and purchased nearly 1,000 acres of land, the 
 greater portion of which is still owned by their descendants. His brother, Stephen 
 Palmer, came later and settled beside him. James Gray, who camo in 1805 from 
 Otsego county. New York, settled in the northeastern part of the township, in what 
 has since been known as Gray's Valley. He was a EeTolutionary soldier and served 
 seven years in the Continental army, and was discharged with the rank of captain. 
 Noah Eumsey, Sr., came from Vermont in 1807, and settled on the site of 
 Mainesburg. A few years later he sold out to Jonathan L. Spencer, and located 
 on Eumsey Hill, as did also his brothers. Smith and Jeremiah Eumsey, each of 
 whom left numerous descendants in Sullivan township. Eussell Eose, an oflB.cer 
 in the Eevolution, on Washington's staff, came from Connecticut in 1807, and 
 settled in the northeast corner of what is now "Ward township. A few years 
 later he removed to Sullivan township and located on the State road, about half 
 a mile west of the State Eoad Baptist church. A number of his descendants still 
 reside in this neighborhood. Mrs. Eebecca Packard, a daughter of Eussell Eose, 
 ajid for many years past a resident of Covington township, was bom in Norfolk 
 township, Litchfield county, Connecticut, October 11, 1795. She celebrated the 
 one himdred and first anniversary of her birth in October, 1896. Notwithstand- 
 ing her great age, she is still bright and active. 
 
 After the opening up of the State road through the township in 1808, settlers 
 began to flock in. It has been difficult to ascertain the exact year of the coming 
 of each one, and resort has been had to the assessment list of 1818 to determine 
 who were the tax-paying residents of the township in that year. It is safe to as- 
 sume, that nearly all of those whose names appear on that list were here as early 
 as 1810, and some a year or two earlier. In addition to those already given, the 
 following names appear: Isaac Baker, who settled in "Gray's Valley;" Simeon 
 Briggs on the State road; Griffin and Constant Bailej', at Chandlerburg; Paul 
 and ApoUos Cudworth, on Eumsey Hill; Peleg Doud, southeast of Mainestturg; 
 Aaron Gitchell and Eli Gitchell, a Baptist preacher, and Levi Gitchell, on Eum- 
 sey Hill; Allen Lane and Benjamin and Henry Lawrence, in the eastern part of 
 the township; "William Ludington, on the Isaac Squires farm; Ira Mudge, on 
 the State road; Hanover Pitts, near the fiichmond township line; Jesse Orvis, 
 on the State road; Thomas Eexford and Gardner Seaman, in the eastern part 
 of the township; Jesse Smith, near the Eutland township line, and Elijah and 
 Nathaniel "Welch, on the State road, in the eastern part of the township. 
 
 The following additional names appear on the assessment list of 1817, the 
 first assessment made after the township was organized: John Andrews, Ananias 
 Balcer, Simeon Briggs, Jr.; Thomas E. Corey, who settled on the State road; 
 James Cudworth, who settled in the western, and David Crippen, who settled in 
 the northeastern part of the township; Jacob Collins, who settled near Maines- 
 burg; Josiah Dewey, who came in 1813, and settled on the State road; John Ellis,, 
 who came in 1815, and settled in Mainesburg; David Fellows, who also settled in 
 the Mainesburg neighborhood; John and Silas Gray, David Jones, Timothy 
 Knowlton, who settled in the southwestern part of the township; John King, who 
 settled in the. eastern part of the township; Allen Lane, Jr., Lemuel Lane, John 
 
SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP. 559 
 
 Ludington, Eeuben Merritt, Joseph aiid Timothy Orvis, Jonathan Partridge, who 
 settled below Chandlerbnxg; Clement and David Paine, Smith Eumsey, Elisha 
 Rush, John Simpkins, Lyman Spencer, Nathan Welch, Jr., Roswell and Abial 
 "Webster, Zebedee Woodward, Nbali Weast, John Watson, Ephraim S. Marsh, 
 Joseph Ford, Lyman Eumsey, Samuel Hardin, Eobert Potter, Daniel James, Levi 
 Fox and Isaac Benson. 
 
 BUSINESS ENTEEPHISES. 
 
 A grist-mill was erected at Mainesburg about 1809, by Noah Eumsey, Sr. 
 Two or three years later he sold it to Jonathan L. Spencer. In 1834 he sold his 
 lands and mill and other personal property to John Maine, a pioneer in Lawrence 
 township, who also bought the lands and personal property of Lyman Spencer. 
 Mr. Maine operated the mill until 1841, when he sold it to Solon Eichards, who 
 ran it a number of years, and sold it to E. K. Brundage, and he in turn to 
 Philemon Doud, who tore down the old mill and erected a steam mill on its site. 
 N. E. Calkins succeeded Doud as owner of the property, which finally passed into 
 the hands of Hiram Horton, who leased it to Aaron Austin. On April 17, 1894, 
 the mill was destroyed by fire and has not been rebuilt. In 1831 Sylvester Bailey 
 erected a water-power grist-mill in Bailey Hollow, near Chandlerburg. About 
 1840 he sold it to Moses Crawford, who operated it for a number of years. It 
 shut down about twenty years ago, 0. W. Palmer being the owner at the time. 
 
 In 1819 John Gray erected a saw-mill at Gray's Valley, on Elk run. He 
 operated until 1832. It had a number of owners. In 1838 Albert Dewey erected 
 a saw-mill in the eastern part of the township, which he and George Dewey 
 operated for a number of years. William Young, another early mill owner, built 
 a mill about 1832 below Mainesburg, on Corey creek, near the Eichmond town- 
 ship Une. In 1844 Valorus 0. Spencer erected a mill above Maiuesburg. Other 
 early mill owners and lumbermen were: Stephen Palmer, who ran a mill in the 
 eastern part of the township; Peleg Doud, who erected one on the South fork of 
 Corey creek, on what is now the George Eoss farm, and Sylvester Bailey, who 
 erected one in Bailey Hollow. All these mills were run by water power, the flutter- 
 wheel being the one generally used. They have passed out of existence, except 
 the mill near the State road, now operated by Edward Dewey. 
 
 In 1820 Lyman and Orange Spencer were operating a distillery near Maines- 
 burg. It afterwards became the property of John Maine, who ran it a few years, 
 and then discontinued the business. In 1828 John Packard erected a tannery in 
 Mainesburg. It was afterwards moved over the hill, north of the village. He 
 conducted it until his death in 1842, when it shut down. In 1832 Solon Eichards 
 established a woolen factory in Mainesburg, which he sold in 1838 to Philemon 
 Doud. It was discontinued about 184.5. J. B. Strong erected a wagon shop in 
 Mainesburg in the early fifties. It was afterwards carried on by Lorenzo Doud. 
 It is over thirty years since it ceased operations. The building was afterward 
 transformed into a skating rink and is now used as a public hall. 
 
 The existing manufacturing enterprises are the Mainesburg Co-operative 
 Creamery Company; the East Sullivan Co-operative Creamery Company, whose 
 
5gQ HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 creamery is located in Gray's Valley, and the West Sullivan Co-operative Creamery 
 Company, whose creamery is located on the Mansfield and Eoseville road, near 
 the Eichmond township Une. These creameries have all been established since 
 1890. During the season they manufacture about 350 pounds of butter a day 
 each. The patrons pay three cents a pound for churning aJid receive back the 
 skim milk. A cheese factory, on the S. K. Longwell place, is not now in 
 operation. 
 
 The first store in the township was staxted-in 1816 by John Gray, in Gray's 
 Valley. A few years later Timothy and Joseph Orvis, opened a store on King's 
 Hill, south of the State road. Both these stores were carried on in log buildings. 
 Some time after this Alvin Ames opened a store in a frame building on Ames' 
 Hill. 
 
 In 1832 John M. Fox opened the first store in Mainesburg. He was after- 
 wards associated in business with A. C. Witter, the firm being Fox & Witter. Mr. 
 Fox was in business about forty years. Among the later merchants were John 
 Eobinson, P. W. Doud, E. A. Fish, L. D. Eumsey and William Strong. There 
 are now two general stores in Mainesburg, one conducted by J. W. DeWitt & Son, 
 and the other by J. N. Strange. 
 
 In 18.51 Northrop Smith and H. L. Eoblyer opened a store in Chandlerburg. 
 Mr. Eoblyer retired in 1857, and Mr. Smith carried on the business for a num- 
 ber of years afterward. Thomas Wood opened a grocery store here and carried it on 
 for six or eight years. October 1, 1888, S. L. Wood opened a general store, 
 which he still carries on. It is now the only store in the place. 
 
 Soon after embarking in business in Mainesburg, John M. Fox opened a hotel 
 in a building still standing, east of the Grange hall. Here he kept hotel for more 
 than twenty years. In 184-7 Leander D. Eumsey, built the house now known as 
 "Hotel Thayer." He was succeeded as landlord by J. B. Strong. Daniel James 
 kept here during the war, his successors being Peleg Doud and E. K. Brundage. 
 0. B. Thayer, the present landlord, purchased the property in 1886. The Maines- 
 burg House has been kept for a number of years by A. M. Haight. It was erected for 
 a private residence. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house in the township was a log structure, erected near Allen 
 Lane's. It was a subscription school, as were all the early schools of the county. 
 Another early school, known as the Diven school, was erected in Gray's Valley. 
 The Eamsdale and Eumsey Hill school houses were all built during the sub- 
 scription school period. As the township became settled other schools were 
 started. After the adoption of the common school law, in 1835, regular school 
 districts were formed, which were sub-divided as population increased. The first 
 school house in Mainesburg was on the site of the building now occupied as an 
 office by Dr. J. A. Knipple. In 1896 there were fifteen schools in the township, 
 and one in Mainesburg, in which seventeen teachers were employed. The schools 
 are well sustained, good teachers are employed and fair salaries paid. 
 
^J^r^.^Z^e^^r^^-J^ 
 
SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP. 561 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 About 1830 Dr. Dexter ParMiurst, who had previously practiced in Mans- 
 field, located in Maineshurg, where he continued to practice until his death in 
 1866. Harry Lyman located in Maineshurg about the same time, but made a 
 brief stay. Levi Eose begaoi practice about 1835 and continued for a number of 
 years. David A. Eoblyer began practice about 1845 and continued until about 
 1850. Dr. George D. Maine, a son of John Maine, graduated from the medical 
 department of the University of BufEalo in 1856, and a year later located ia 
 Mainesburg, where he has continued to practice to the present time. Leonard 
 J. Bradford, a native of the township, graduated from Penn Medical College in 
 1865, practiced two years at Austinville, and in 1867 located near Sullivan Post- 
 ofi&ce, where he has continued to practice until the present time. Dr. John A. 
 Knipple, a graduate of Parish Medical College, has practiced in Mainesburg since 
 1893. 
 
 The following-named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 township was organized: Eli Gitchell, 1819; John Cochran, 1832; Ebenezer 
 Eipley, 1822; John Marvin, 1835; re-elected, 1835; John Gray, 1825; Ephraim 
 B. Gerould, 1836; James C. Turner, 1838; Thomas Dyer, 1838; Thomas Putnam, 
 1838; John Shaffer, 1839; Eufus Smith, ' 1831; Daniel N. Hunt, 1832; 'Lan- 
 son Miller, 1834; Solon Eichards, 1835; William Hill, 1835; Alfred Eipley, 
 1836; re-elected, 1840; Evan Harris, 1837; Edwin Dyer, 1838; Isaac Drake, 
 1838; Philemon Doud, 1840; Leander D. Eumsey, 1841; Calvin C. Green, 1845; 
 James Gray, 1845; Isaac S. Eumsey, 1848; re-elected, 1853; Thomas Eeynolds, 
 1850; Henry B. Card, 1855; re-elected, 1860; E. A. Pish, 1858; Isaac Squire, 
 1860; re-elected, 1872, 1877, 1882; Northrop Smith, 1863; re-elected, 1867, 1887, 
 1893; K. A. Taylor, 1865; re-elected, 1870; B. I. Eew, 1873; E"athaa Smith, 1878; 
 Charles Strange, 1883; re-elected, 1888; W. J. Squire and Loren Dodge, 1893. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The Old School Baptist Church of Sullivan was organized about the year 
 1816, at the residence of Peleg Doud, neax Mainesburg. The first minister of 
 this denomination to preach in the township, was Eev. Mr. Power. He was soon 
 Joined by Eev. Ifehemiah Hobart Eipley, who came into the county in 1815, and 
 settled in Eichmond township, and their efforts resulted in the organization of a 
 church. Meetings were held in dwellings and school houses. A great many of 
 the early settlers were members of this church, which maintained its organization 
 for a number of years. Owing to deaths, removals, and the absorption of its 
 membership by the regular Baptist churches of East Sullivan, and the State 
 road, it became too weak to maintain itself and passed out of existence. Among 
 the ministers who preached to this church was Eev. Eli Gitchell, an early settler 
 on Eumsey Hill. 
 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Sullivan was the outgrowth of meetings 
 begun in the autumn of 1830, in the Eumsey Hill school house, by Eev. James H. 
 Lamphere, who organized a church in the following spring. On April 3, 1866, 
 the society was incorporated. During recent years it maintained no regular 
 pastor. 
 
 36 
 
562 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The East Sullivan Baptist Church was organized May IS, 1836. In June, 
 1835, the first regulax appointments for Baptist preaching were made by Samuel 
 Bullock, of Bradford county, assisted by Elder Elisha Kich. In October follow- 
 ing, those who had attended these services- organized themselves into a body, 
 called the Sullivan Baptist Christian Conference. May 18, 1836, a council met 
 and formally organized the church, with a membership of twenty-seven persons, 
 as follows: P. Baker, Samuel Bullock, A. Crandall, John Ludington, Peleg Doud, 
 E. Webster, H. Austin, Philemon Doud, James Gray, Jr., "William Squire, Noah 
 0. Gray, Aurilla Baker, Lueinda Eeynolds, Elizabeth Bullock, Sarah Crandall, 
 Eunice Ludington, Betsy "Webster, Louisa Doud, L. "Webster, Louisa Squire, Mary 
 Hill, Sally Burman, Almira Hill, Caroline Chapman, Isabella Gray, Lucy Eey- 
 nolds and Louisa Gray. Eev. Elisha Eich was the first pastor. His successors 
 were Eevs. Packer, D. M. Eoot, Myron Eockwell, J. P. Burnam, S. Grinnell, 1851; 
 C. Beebe, 1852-56; S. Grinnell, 1857-59; M. Eockwell, 1860-63; G. P. "Watrous, 
 1865 ; C. A. Stone, 1867; no pastor, 1868 to 1872; M. Eockwell, 1873; P. Purvis, 
 1875. After 1875 the church had no pastor and in 1888 it became extinct. The 
 church at Mansfield, organized April 10, 1840, was a branch of this society, as 
 was also the Sullivan State Eoad Baptist church, organized in June, 1856. A 
 branch of this church was also organized at the Van Ness school house, in Eut- 
 land township, December 14, 1839. A Sunday-school was organized about 1843 
 and regularly sustained until 1870. The first church edifice in the township was 
 erected by this society in 1842. In May, 1855, the church numbered 111 mem- 
 bers. The last baptism occurred in August, 1867. 
 
 The Sullivan State Road Baptist Church was organized July 8, 1856, in L. 
 L. Smith's bam. The preliminary steps were taken at a conference which met at 
 the Eamsdale school house May 3, 1856, and which was presided over by Eev. C. 
 Beebe, moderator. Upon the formal organization of the church, the following 
 named persons became members: J. Fletcher, D. D. Miller, Betsy Eumsey, A. 
 Hart, E. B. Eose, 0. D. Eumsey, D. Fletcher, Mary E. Miller, Cornish Mudge, 
 Daniel Eose, M. V. Mudge, F. S. Morgaji, Floyd Ashley, E. S. Eose, Allen 
 Webster, L. A. Eose, Adeline Smith, T. C. Webster, Sarah Fletcher, Clarissa 
 
 A. Eose, W. L. Miller, G. W. Doud, S. S. Webster, Anna C. Miller, L. A. Eock- 
 well, N. N. Eumsey, Betsy Morgan, Susannah Welch, Christiana Ayers, L. Jane 
 Ashley, Jane E. Eose, Oliver Eumsey, Alonzo S. Chapel and E. J. Lewis. Eev. 
 C. Beebe, the first pastor, served during 1856. His successors have been as fol- 
 lows: Eevs. S. Grinnell, 1857; M. Eockwell, 1858-63; G. P. Watrous, 1865-68- 
 M. Eockwell, 1870-72; J. A. Baskwell, 1873; M. Eockwell, 1875; Henry Bray' 
 1876-77; Boss Ward, 1878-80; Samuel Early, 1881; S. F. Mathews, 1882; a! 
 Tilden, 1883-85; E. J. Lewis, 1886; A. J. Adams, 1887; G. H. Trapp, 1889-90; 
 
 B. T. Davies, 1891, and J. A. James, the present pastor, who took charge in Mayi 
 1893. In 1857 the society erected a frame church building on the south side of 
 the State road, two miles and a half southeast of Mainesburg. This ha^ since 
 been repaired as needed. The church has 164 members. There are seventy 
 pupils and teachers in the Sunday-school, of which E. B. Eoberts of Mainesburg 
 is the superintendent. This is one of the strong and prosperous churches of 
 the county. 
 
SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP. 5g3 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Maineslurg was organized in 1841, and 
 incorporated June 14, 1843, the first trustees being Solon Eichards, John Fox, 
 Lyman Eeynolds, James A. Fellows, Ebenezer Burley, Joshua Smith and James 
 Pitts. As early as 1808, Eev. Joseph Mitchell, a Methodist Episcopal minister, 
 while on a visit to his brother, Ensign Mitchell, preached at his home. He after- 
 wards preached at the log school house near Allen Lane's, known as the Dewey 
 school house. About 1810 Capt. Thomas Lewis, an exhorter of the same church, 
 commenced holding meetings in the Diven school house. These he kept up for 
 several years. His efforts were followed by those of Eev. Mr. Warner, who or- 
 ganized a Methodist Episcopal class. The church was orgaoiized in 1841, after 
 a great revival conducted by Eevs. Eobert T. Hancock and Charles L. Brovm. 
 The new church was placed in the Troy charge, remaining until 1854, and was 
 served by the following ministers: J. Dodge, 1843; Charles Wright, 1844; M. 
 Carlton, 1845; Ira Smith, 1846; William Hosmer, 1847; ISTathan Fellows, 1848; 
 A. C. Huntley, 1849-50; E. Sweet, 1851; M. H. ShurtlefE, 1852, and C. Nash 
 and E. S. Eosa, 1853. In 1854 Troy circuit was divided and the Mainesburg ap- 
 pointments also included the State Eoad, Sylvania and Eutland churches. The 
 pastors of the Mainesburg church have been Eevs. F. Kent, 1854-55; Daniel Clark, 
 1855-57; John Powell, 1857-58; James H. Eoss, 1858-60; P. T. Christian, 
 1860-61; E. Colson, 1861-63; E. Mackwood, 1863-66; C. L. F. Howe, 1866-68; 
 S. G. Ehinevault, 1868-71; Isaac Everitt, 1871-74; D. E. Blaine, 1874-76; Harvey 
 Lamkin, 1876-79; E. E. Morris, 1879-83; J. L. King, 1883-85; George Fosbinder, 
 1885-86; T. H. King, 1886-88; C. M. Adams, 1888-91; F. M. Warner, 1891-93; 
 H. B. Troxel, 1893-94; H. E. Hineman, 1894-95; H. E. Hyde, 1895-97. In 
 1843 a neat frame building was erected as a house of worship. It was used until 
 1875, when the present church was built. It is of brick, with stained glass win- 
 dows, slated roof, a fine tower and spire, and cost, with interior furnishing, $13,000. 
 It is one of the finest churches in the county. 
 
 The State Road Methodist Episcopal Class, as at present organized, is a re- 
 vival of a class organized about fifty yeajs ago. In 1860 the membership was 
 as follows: Thomas Eeynolds, leader; Mary Eeynolds, Anson Palmer, Mary 
 Palmer, Gardner Hagar, Lydia E. Hagar, VanBuren Eeynolds, Celestia Eeynolds, 
 George Fletcher, John D. Eumsey, Valvasa A. Eumsey, Deborah Eamsdale, Ellen 
 Smith, Amanda Welch, Margaretta Orvis, Almeda Welch, Eosina Smith, Eiley 
 Fletcher, Alfred Wheeler, Adaline WTieeler, Isaac W. Smith, Loreta Smith, Lyman 
 Soper, ISTancy Soper, Moses Soper, Ann Soper, Levi M. Eumsey, Sophia Eumsey, 
 Almeda Fletcher, Louisa Eumsey, Eaton Beardsley, Louisa Palmer, Fanny Smith, 
 Eachel Gafford, Eliza Orvis, Lovisa S. Lewis, Charity Baldwin, John E. Hart 
 and James Lyon. This class first met in the Eamsdale school house. In 1861 
 the place of meeting was changed to the Union church, then recently erected. 
 After maintaining its organization for a number of years the class went down. 
 It has been recently revived and is now in a flourishing condition. There are 
 twenty-five members. A Union Sunday-school, with an average attendance of 
 thirty-five pupils, is maintained, of which Lyman Eeynolds is the superintendent. 
 This class is a branch of the church at Mainesburg. 
 
564 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 The Elh Run Methodist Episcopal Church was incorporated February 2, 1864. 
 This churcli was the outgrowth of a Methodist class, organized some years pre- 
 vious at Chandlerburg, which was formally organized into a church a short time 
 before the iacorporation of the society. In 1861 the class consisted of the follow- 
 ing named members: Lyman Eeynolds, C. G. Smith, Sarah Smith, Amos Mudge, 
 Lucy A. Mudge, Eachel Styres, Caroline Squire, Arad Smith, Margey Smith, 
 Alexander C. Smith, M. A. Smith, Dolly Smith, Hosea Squire and Irene Squire. 
 In the summer of 1864 a neat frame house of worship, costing $1,;200, was erected. 
 This society now numbers eighty members. There are sixty pupils and teachers 
 in the Sunday-school, of which B. C. Smith is the superintendent. This church 
 has been in the Mainesburg charge since its organization, and has had the same 
 pastors as the church in Mainesburg. 
 
 The Church of Christ of Mainesburg was organized in January, 1876, and 
 incorporated January 7, 1879. The names of the original members are as fol- 
 lows: James E. Brown, Lucy Brown, Lovina Love, John Harvey, Clara Harvey, 
 Anna Doyen, Nellie Doyen, Loretta A. Ford, Myrtle Ford, Flora Love, William 
 
 E. Dewey, Alice M. StaufEer, Ada E. Clarey, Delia Eeynolds, Demon Dewey, Emaretta 
 Eumsey, Margaret Lovell, Phoebe Ashley, Sanford Dewey and Lovena H. Dewey. 
 Eev. I. E. Spencer was the first pastor. He served two years. The names of 
 the succeeding pastors are as follows: Eevs. M. S. Blair, 1879-80; A. D. Finch, 
 1880-81; Cyrus Hurlbut, 1883; C. Brown, 1883; J. M. Calhoun, 1884-85; E. 
 
 F. DeWitt, 1886; Charles McGennis, 1887; M. T. Manus, 1889; M. C. Frick, 
 1890. Since 1890 the church has been without a pastor, and regular services 
 have not been maintained. A church edifice, costing $2,100, was erected in 1879. 
 This society was, at one time, a strong and vigorous organization, but death, re- 
 movals and withdrawals have greatly reduced its membership. 
 
 The Central Union Church or Congregation on the State road is the name 
 of a corporation chartered February 17, 1860, the incorporators being Thomas 
 Eeynolds, Eleazer Orvis, B. I. Eew, Eeuben Nash and Eoswell Webster. In 1861 
 it erected a house of worship, known as the Union church, on the north side of 
 the State road, in the eastern part of the township. This house has been used 
 from time to time by the Methodists, Christians, Baptists and other denomina- 
 tions for the purpose of holding religious services. It is now the meeting place 
 of the State Eoad Methodist Episcopal class. Services are held here regularly 
 by the pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church in Mainesburg. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The Doud Burying Ground, on the Peleg Doud place, was one of the earliest 
 btirial places in the township. Members of the Doud family were the first to 
 be interred here. 
 
 The State Road Cemetery, opposite the State Eoad Baptist church, embraces 
 about two acres of ground, and is inclosed by a neat iron fence. Interments were 
 begun here about 1830. The remains of early settlers of the eastern and 
 southern portions of the township lie buried here. A number of bodies were re- 
 moved from early family burying grounds and re-interred here. The newer 
 graves are marked by handsome marble and granite monuments. 
 
STTLLITAN TOWNSHIP. 555 
 
 Gray's Valley Cemetery, near the old East Sullivan Baptist ehurcli building, 
 contains the graves of many of the early settlers in the eastern part of the town- 
 ship. It is neatly fenced and well eared for. 
 
 The Mainesburg Cemetery is situated on elevated ground in the northwestern 
 part of the borough. This cemetery contains about two acres and was opened 
 about 1863. It is inclosed with a good fence and the graves are well cared for. 
 The cemetery has a number of very handsome marble and granite monu- 
 ments. It is the burial place for the borough and vicinity. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 The secret societies now existing in Sullivan township and Mainesburg have 
 large memberships and are prosperous. The Odd Fellows are represented by 
 Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, which was organized March 15, 1871. It meets in 
 Mainesburg and has forty-two members, among whom are many of the leading 
 citizens of the borough and township. Sullivan Grange, No. 84, and East Sullivan 
 Grange, No. 831, represent the Patrons of Husbandry. The former was organized 
 in February, 1873, meets in Mainesburg, and has a large membership. The latter 
 was organized April 9, 1887. It meets at the residence of Isaac Squires, near 
 Gray's Valley, and numbers fifty-three members. Washington Camp, No. 637, 
 P. 0. S. of A., was organized March 4, 1893, in Mainesburg. It now numbers 
 seventy-eight members and is one of the strongest camps in the county. 
 
 BOEOTJGH OF MAINESBURG. 
 
 The borough of Mainesburg is situated on Corey creek, in the western part 
 of the township, midway between its southern and northern boundaries. It was 
 named in honor of John Maine, and was organized as a borough in March, 1859. 
 It is on the sta^e route between Mansfield, in Eichmond township, and Troy, 
 Bradford county. Though one of the smaller boroughs of the county, and away 
 from the railroad, it is a trading point of considerable importance, being in the 
 midst of a fine agricultural section. Its schools, its churches and its secret and 
 beneficiary societies are well attended and maintained, and its people keep in 
 touch with the progress of the day. Its manufacturing and business interests 
 have been somewhat crippled during recent years by fires, and by the disappear- 
 ance of timber and the consequent cessation of lumbering operations. The town- 
 ship aroimd it, now being a purely agricultural one, the dependence of the borough 
 for trade is confined to its own citizens and the farmers of the vicinity. The 
 early settlement of the borough is given elsewhere in this chapter, as is also an 
 account of the establishment of its early manufacturing and business enterprises. 
 The Mainesburg postofi&ce was established between 1825 and 1830. John Maine, 
 the first postmaster, held the office until about 1845. His successors have been 
 John M. Fox, Baldwin Parkhurst, Homer J. Eipley, James Cudworth, "W. P. 
 Eose, M. F. Eose and J. H. DeWitt, the present incumbent, who was appointed 
 in July, 1895. 
 
 Since Mainesburg was organized as a borough, the following named persons 
 have filled the office of burgess: James Fox, 1859; Joseph Ellis, 1860; E. K. 
 Brundage, 1861; A. Peters, 1863, 1863; John A. Ellis, 1864; A. Peters, 1865; P. 
 
566 HISTOET OF TIOGA COtTNTT. 
 
 E. KnifEen, 1866; J. B. Strong, 1867; J. B. Cudworth, 1868; K E. Calkins, 1869; 
 S. S. Eumsey, 1870; L. B. Austin, 1871; J. B. Strong 1872 and 1873; E. G. 
 Shelton, 1874, 1875, 1876 and 1877; T. 0. Doud, 1879, 1880 and 1881; J. B. 
 Cudworth, 1882; J. B. Strong, 1883; J. N". Hajvey, 1884; Lloyd Squires, 1885 
 an(i 1886; E. H. Doud, 1887; C. E. Whiting, 1888; Lloyd Squires, 1889; J. W. 
 DeWitt, 1890; W. L. Welch, 1891 to 1893; J. Austin, 1894 to 1896, and H. E. 
 Bartlett, elected in 1897. 
 
 The Justices of the peace have been*- Isaac S. Eumsey, 1859; E. K. Brundage, 
 1863; E. A. Fish, 1864; 0. F. Eiehaxds, 1866; Augustus Eedfield, 1868; D. E. 
 Doud, 1869; L. M. Eumsey, 1870; A. M. Haight, 1875; re-elected, 1881, 1886, 
 1895; J. S. Woodburn, 1880; re-elected, 1885, 1890; W. A. Eumsey, 1891; E. 
 E. Maine, 1896. 
 
 TILLAGES AND POSTOI'I'ICES. 
 
 Sullivan Postoffice was established in 1822. Henry Eew, the first postmaster, 
 held the office until 1828. His successor, James B. Dewey, served over twenty 
 years, and his successor, Uriah B. Welch, ten years. C. W. Palmer, the present 
 postmaster, was appointed April 9, 1863. Each postmaster has transacted the 
 business of the office at his residence. The office is situated in the eastern part 
 of the township. 
 
 Gray's Valley Postoffice was established over sixty years ago. John Gray, the 
 first postmaster, served a number of years and was succeeded by Marcus Strange, 
 who died in 1852. His successor, James Gray, held the office until his death in 
 1860, when Mrs. Hannah Strange, widow of Marcus Strange, was appointed. Her 
 son, Joseph Strange, succeeded her, and served until 1883, when the office was 
 discontinued. 
 
 HlJc Run Postoffice was established about 1854. The first postmaster was 
 ISTorthrop Smith. His successors have been Cyrus Davenport, C. A. Smith and 
 S. L. Wood, the present incumbent, who was appointed October 1, 1888. Mr. 
 Wood also carries on a general store. 
 
CHAPTER XL VIII. 
 
 EICHMOND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Physical Characteristics— Streams— Mineeal Deposits— Pion- 
 eer Settlers— Pioneer Enterprises— Schools and Justices— Chitrches- 
 Cemeteries— Villages. 
 
 RICHMOND township, originally a part of Covington township, was organized 
 in February, 1824. It is eight and one-half miles from east to west, six and 
 one-half miles from north to south, and contains about fifty-five square miles. The 
 surface is broken, the elevation varying from a mean of 1,150 feet in the river 
 valley, to 1,600 and 1,800 feet in the mountainous region, north and west of 
 Lamb's creek. With the exception of this limited area, the land of the town- 
 ship — valley, hillside and upland — is tillable and fertile. Eiehmond, there- 
 fore, ranks as one of the populous, productive and prosperous townships of the 
 county. In 1840 it contained 742 inhabitants; in 1870, 1,558; in 1880, 1,512, 
 and in 1890, 1,640. 
 
 Before the land was cleared and settled it was covered with a heavy forest 
 growth of pine, hemlock, beech, maple, birch, oak, etc., nearly all of which has dis- 
 appeared. The.township is well watered. The Tioga river enters it from the south, 
 about a mile east of the center of the southern boundary line, fiows northeast to 
 Canoe Camp, where it turns and takes a northwesterly direction to the northern 
 boundary line, which it crosses about a mile west of the center. Its course through 
 the township is marked by a gradually narrowing valley, which becomes a mere gap 
 in the mountains where it passes into Tioga township. It and its tributaries drain 
 the entire surface of the township. On the east it receives Canoe Camp creek, 
 flowing northwest from Covington township, and Corey creek, flowing northwest 
 from Sullivan township. On the west it receives Lamb's creek, which, with its 
 tributaries, drains the northwestern quarter of the township. The northeastern 
 part of the township is drained by Mill creek, which flows northwest into Tioga 
 township, and the southwestern part by Elk run, which flows southeast into Cov- 
 ington township. 
 
 The mineral wealth of this township consists of iron ore, plastic clays and 
 building stone. The Mansfleld ore bed, which supplied the furnace at Mansfield 
 for many years, is situated three miles southwest of the borough, on the Wellsboro 
 road. It is from three to four feet in thickness, contains about thirty-nine per 
 cent, of iron, and is known as the first or upper bed. What is thought to be the 
 same bed, shows itself two or three miles north, along Lamb's creek, and on the 
 east side of the Tioga river, southeast of Lamb's creek, also further east on "Pickel 
 Hill." Deposits belonging to the second bed — 200 to 400 feet lower — ^have been 
 found one-half mile east of the 0. A. Benedict place, in the southwestern part of the 
 township; on "Whipple Hill," southwest of Mansfield; on Mann creek, below Mans- 
 
-„o HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 obo * 
 
 field- on the lands of Mrs. Sarah E. Morris and Albert Sherwood west of the 
 loXZ on J. C. Howe's and J. B. Clark's Ws, and on "Bixby Hill." A third 
 bed 100 to 200 feet lower than the second, crops out in the river near the northwest 
 corner of the borough limits. Ore from other deposits has been nsed in the mann- 
 fa^tnre ol pig iron and mineral paint. None of these ore beds is being developed at 
 present. Plastic clays, of fine texture, axe to be f onnd along the Tioga river ^d 
 fts tributaries. Good building stone is also found m various paxts of the township 
 There are those who believe that Eichmond lies within the oil and gas belt. The 
 only thing, however, that has been done to develop either, is limi ed to an oil well 
 sunk several years ago at Canoe Camp. Gas was struck and a little oi found at a 
 depth of about 2,000 feet. The well was, however, abandoned and plugged, just 
 when interesting developments were promised. 
 
 PIONEEK SBTTLEKS. 
 
 The first settler in Eichmond township was a man named Carter, who^ about 
 the year 1794, or soon after the opening of the Williamson road, located on what 
 is now known as the Lannigan place, on the east side of the Tioga nver, about 
 half a mile below Lamb's Creek. Here he built two log houses and cleared 
 about eight or ten acres of land. In the fall of 1796, or spring of 1797, he sold out 
 CO a man named White, and removed to Canaseraga Creek, in western New York. 
 Neither Carter nor White appear to have acquired any title, beyond that of occu- 
 pation, to the land, the first purchaser receiving a deed and becoming a perma- 
 nent settler, being Gad Lamb, who came into the township in the summer of 1797. 
 In the mortgage given by him January 2, 1808, to secure the unpaid portion of 
 the purchase money, the tract is described as part of Survey No. 317, and is desig- 
 nated as "Oakland." Lamb and his family left their native town of Wilbraham, 
 Massachusetts, in the spring of 1797. At Towanda, Pennsylvania, where his son, 
 Ebenezer Eipley Lamb, was born, May 27, 1797, Mr. Lamb left his family and 
 accompanied by his son, Daniel, then seventeen years old, came to Tioga county. 
 They first visited Canoe Camp, where they planted the old Williamson encamp- 
 ment clearing in com and potatoes, but did not purchase the land. Continuing 
 down the river, they came to the Carter place, which, as already stated, Mr. Lamb 
 bought. He next returned to Towanda for his family, leaving Daniel in charge of 
 the place. The lad remained there alone for two weeks, with no neighbors nearer 
 than the Nathan Niles family at the mouth of Mill creek. The settlement of 
 Benjamin Corey, who came earlier than Lamb, is noted in the chapter devoted to 
 Mansfield borough. The next settler was Josiah Hovey, whose name appears in 
 the assessment list of 1800 as an innkeeper — the first in the township. He came in 
 1798 or 1799, and located on what is now known as the Sumner Wilson place, on the 
 Williamson road, near the southern line of the township. The names of his sons, 
 Simeon and Gurdon Hovey, appear on the assessment list as carpenters. Simeon, 
 at a later date, settled on what was known afterwards as the Henry Searle place. 
 
 About 1799 or 1800 Peres Bardwell, whose name appears on the census list for 
 1800, located on the place afterwards owned by Asa Mann; an Englishman, 
 named Burton, settled near Lamb's Creek, on the place occupied later by Joshua 
 
KICHMOND TOWNSHIP. 569 
 
 Sha-w; Amasa Culver, Nathan Eowley and Samuel Negley settled at Canoe Camp; 
 David Miller and Cheney Ames, a mile south of Mansfield, and ISTathan Hill and 
 Peter Button, ahove Canoe Camp, near the Hoveys. Edward Gobin, who settled 
 within the Mansfield limits, is referred to in the chapter devoted to that borough. 
 Elihu Marvin came in 1803 and built a saw-mill— the first one in the township— one 
 mile south of Mansfield. In 1804 Asa Mann, the founder of Mansfield, came here 
 from Ehode Island, and settled one mile below the borough, on what was after- 
 wards known as the James E. "Wilson place. Here he kept hotel and a small 
 stock of merchandise in a log house, replaced in 1818 by a large frame dwelling 
 which is still standing and is used as a residence by B. H. Osgood, the occupant of 
 the farm. It is the oldest house in the township. Eeferenee is made to Asa 
 Mann in the chapter devoted to Mansfield, and also to John, Peter and Jacob 
 Kelts, who came about 1804. 
 
 In the year 1806 Elijah Clark, his brothers, John and Loren, and his sister, 
 Philena came from Wilbraham, Massachusetts, and Elijah settled on the place now 
 owned by Albert Sherwood, west of the borough. His brothers and sister made 
 their home with him until the arrival of the rest of the family in 1814. Amos 
 Spencer, a native of UnadiUa, New York, settled at Canoe Caonp m 1806 built a 
 grist-mill in 1807 and a saw-miU a few years later. Ebenezer Burley, who came 
 L 1808, is referred to in the Mansfield borough chapter. Joshua Shaw came from 
 Plainfield, Massachusetts, in 1810, and the foUowing year settled at Lambs 
 Creek Aaron GUlet, who first settled at Mill Creek, Tioga township, m 1^9J> and 
 afterwards removed to Cherry Flats, again removed in 1811, settling on the Vedder 
 place above Canoe Camp. During the AVar of 1812 he caxried the mail on horse- 
 back between Tioga and WiUiamsport. He rode at full speed, fresh horses being 
 provided at each station. In 1813 Cephas Stratton came from Bradford county 
 and settled between Mansfield and Canoe Camp. In 1814 Seth and Eleanor Clark, 
 parents of Elijah, John, Loren and Philena Clark, heretofore mentioned, came 
 from Vermont with their son, Justus Burr Clark, and settled below Mans- 
 field. In 1821 Justus Burr Clark married Catherine Hart. As a part of his 
 house-keeping outfit, he bought an iron tea-kettle of William Willard in Tioga, 
 giving therefor three bushels of wheat; also a hand saw and some shingle nails, 
 paying three dollars for the former and thirty cents a pound for the latter. In 
 1814, also, there were living at and in the vicinity of Canoe Camp, beside those 
 mentioned, Daniel Williams, a clothier, David and Eichard Miller and Daniel Eose. 
 
 The first minister of the Gospel to settle in the township was Eev. Nehemiah 
 Hobart Eipley, father of the late Philip S. Eipley, and grandfather of Capt. Homer J. 
 Eipley, recently county recorder. He came from Albany, New York, in 1815, 
 and settled on Corey creek, on the place now owned by William B. Jerald. Mr. 
 Eipley was ordained an Old School Baptist minister, but afterwards embraced the 
 Universalist faith and became a minister of that denomination. John and Abner 
 Cochran came from Cambridge, Vermont, in 1816, and settled at Lamb's Creek. 
 Maj. Ebenezer Eipley came from Cooperstown, New York, in February, 1817, and 
 also settled at Lamb's Creek. His son, William C. Eipley, was one of the pioneer 
 teachers of Mansfield. Isaac Lownsbery, a Eevolutionary soldier, settled 
 at Canoe Camp in 1818, where his son, Isaac, born February 9, 1811, still resides. 
 
570 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Peter Whitteker, a son-in-law of Isaac Lownsbery, came with him from Schoharie, 
 New York. He first settled at Canoe Camp, but afterwards moved up Canoe Camp 
 creek to the place now owned by his son, Barney Whitteker. Lieut. Jacob Allen, 
 grandfather of the late Prof. Fordyce A. Allen, came from Cummington, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1818, and settled on the place previously owned by Elijah Clark, 
 and now owned by Albert Shei-wood. He was a lieutenant in the Eevolution- 
 ary War, and aide-de-camp to his father, who was killed in the early part of that 
 struggle. Before settling here Lieutenant Allen peddled woolen goods, etc., 
 through this section. In 1818, also, Sumner Wilson, who came from Massa- 
 chusetts, settled on the place previously occupied by Josiah Hovey, near the Cov- 
 ington township line, still known as the Sumner Wilson place. 
 
 In 1820 Thomas Dyer settled on the Vedder place, above Canoe Camp, and Rob- 
 ert Searle on the adjoining farm north. John and Martin Kelley came here in 1837 
 and Marcus Kelley in 1829, and settled at what is known as Kelleytown, between 
 Mansfield and Lamb's Creek. Here John ran a cabinet-maker shop, saw-mill and 
 store for a number of years. Daniel Sherwood, a native of Connecticut, came from 
 Cortland county, New York, in 1830, and built a saw-mill about a half a mile below 
 Lamb's Creek bridge. He and his sons engaged in the lumber business until 1839, 
 when they removed to Mansfield. Andrew Sherwood, of Mansfield, a grandson of 
 Daniel Sherwood, is well known as a geologist, and has been prominently connected 
 with the geological surveys of Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio. David Dorsett 
 came from Peekskill, New York, in June, 1830, and settled on Lamb's creek. 
 
 Michael Fralic came irom Marathon, New York, and settled at Lamb's Creek in 
 1831. His sons, Daniel and Henry Fralic, are well-known lumbermen. Lewis 
 Cruttenden, Tobias and Philip Lent, who settled on Lamb's creek, and Thomas 
 Jerald, who settled on Corey creek, also came in 1831. Rev. Asa Donaldson, who 
 held the first stated service and organized the first church in Mansfield, came to 
 Tioga county in 1832, and lived on the Albert Sherwood place until 1837, when he 
 moved to Illinois. Oliver Elliott, afterwards a business man of Mansfield, came 
 into the township in 1835. About 1834-35 Marcus Benedict settled on the Wellsboro 
 road, near the western line of the township. Joseph Walker and R. P. Buttles came 
 in 1839; Levi Cooper, in 1841; Vine D. Patchen and his son, Robert M., and 
 Robert H. Pratt and his son, Edwin, in 1843; George Slingerland, in 1844; 
 Joseph Whipple, in 1845; James M. Ramsdell, in 1846; John Drew, in 1847; James 
 Hoard, John Voorhees, William Powers and John Kiley in 1849. 
 
 The foregoing names are those of the more prominent settlers of the township 
 to the close of the first half of the present century. They endured the dangers, 
 hardships and privations of pioneer life. The farms they cleared, after years of 
 patient toil, are now possessed by their descendants, who have replaced the rude 
 log cabin, the log church and the log school house with homes, schools and 
 churches, that bear eloquent witness to the thrift, industry, intelligence and mor- 
 ality of the people of the township. 
 
 PIONEEE ENTEBPEISES. 
 
 The manufacturing enterprises of the township have been confined almost ex- 
 clusively to saw-mills and grist-mills. The first saw-mill was built in 1803, one 
 
BIOHMON.D TOWNSHIP. 57 ^ 
 
 mile south of Mansfield, by Elihu Marvin; the second, in which Elijah Clark after- 
 wards had an interest, was built about 1810 or 1811, on Corey creek, by John and 
 Peter Kelts; the third, in 1812, at Lamb's Creek, by Gad Lamb and his sons, and 
 the fourth a little later by Amos Spencer at Canoe Camp. As the township was 
 settled up, the number of mills increased until lumbering became and remained 
 an important industry, so long as the timber supply lasted. As lumber grew 
 scarcer, the mills shut down, until all but two, the Spencer mill at Canoe Camp, 
 and the Fralic mill at Lamb's Creek, have passed out of existence. 
 
 In 1805 Elihu Marvin purchased from Dorman Bloss, at Nelson, a grist-mill 
 to turn by hand. This he hauled on an ox sled and placed under his saw-mill, 
 south of Mansfield. It would grind five or six bushels a day. Mr. Marvin then 
 set about getting out a frame for a better mill, but died before he could erect it. 
 His widow sold this frame to Amos Spencer, who, in 1807, used it in erecting a 
 grist-mill at Canoe Camp, on one of the best water powers in the county. This 
 mill was afterwards replaced by a better one, and in 1857 a still larger mill was 
 built." This, with the adjoining saw-mill, was destroyed by fire May 30, 1879. The 
 present grist-mill and saw-mill, both run by water power, were built in 1883, by 
 A. M. Spencer, a grandson of Amos Spencer, the pioneer. In 1855 Amos Bixby 
 built a paint-mill on the site of the old Marvin saw-mill, which he operated for a 
 number of years. 
 
 SCHOOLS AKD JUSTICES. 
 
 The first school in the township was taught in 1814, at Canoe Camp, by Miss 
 Sally Elliott, a daughter of Nathaniel Elliott. She afterwards married Daniel 
 Eose. Among her pupils was Martin Stratton, bom in 1807, and now a resident 
 of Blossburg. She was followed by Daniel Rose, Gardiner Seaman, Asa Howe, 
 Dr. Pliny Power and his sister, Lucy, Erastus P. Deane and Charlotte Harkness, 
 now the wife of Col. N. A. Elliott, of Mansfield. She taught about 1835. A 
 school house was built about 1835. In 1818 Miranda Allen, a daughter of Lieut. 
 Jacob Allen, opened a school in a building erected and used as a dwelling by Prank 
 Truman, a short distance south of Kelleytown. In 1835 a school house was built 
 at Lamb's Creek. Among the early teachers in these schools were Abigail Bick- 
 ford, Lucretia Atherton, D. P. Hotehkiss, Warren VanValen, Elliott S. Eose, 
 Erastus Herrington, Fidelia King and W. E. Lamb. As the township settled up, 
 neighborhood schools were started, and later public school districts created, until 
 there are now within the township limits sixteen public school buildings. In 1895 
 the revenue derived from state and county taxation, set apart for school purposes, 
 ■was $4,004.10. 
 
 The first Justice of the peace for Richmond township was Almon Allen, who 
 was commissioned January 19, 1837. The office has since been filled as follows: 
 Thomas Dyer, 1837; David Hazzard, 1830; Daniel N. Hunt, 1833; Solon Richards, 
 1835; Isaac Drake, 1838; Porter Gaylord, 1840; Leander K. Spencer, 1840; re- 
 elected, 1845, 1858; William C. Ripley, 1843; re-elected, 1859, 1864, 1873, 1877; 
 Simeon P. Utter, 1847 ; re-elected, 1853; Apollos Pitts, 1848; re-elected, 1853; 
 Daniel L. Sherwood, 1854; John C. Howe, 1864; Lorin Butts, 1869; James E. 
 
572 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Wilson, 1869; H. E. Husted,1874; Alonzo M. Spencer, 1878; M. E. Goodall, 1881; 
 re-elected, 1886, 1891 and 1896; J. P. Eipley, 1882; Curtis P. Puller, 1887; George 
 E. Puller, 1893; re-elected, 1897. 
 
 CHUKCHES. 
 
 In the earlier years of the township's history, before any attempt was made to 
 organize a church, the settlers depended for religious services upon itinerant 
 evangelists, members generally of the Methodist Episcopal or the "Old School" Bap- 
 tist denominations. Whenever one of these put in an appearance the settlers 
 would flock to hear him, the meetings being held in the open air or in the dwelling 
 or bam of one of the settlers. The earliest meetings of this kind in Eichmond 
 township were held sometimes in the open air and sometimes in the barn, on the 
 premises of Gad Lamb, the pioneer settler at Lamb's Creek. Here the pioneers 
 listened to the earnest and, oftentimes, fiery eloquence of Kimball, Beers, Solon 
 Stocking — ^who preached Mr. Lamb's funeral sermon ia April, 1834 — Sheaxdown, 
 Cranmer, Eogers, Andrew Pickard — who married Maria Lamb, and who died in 
 Colorado in June, 1894, aged ninety-four years — and other ministers of the de- 
 nominations named. In 1836 Jerusha Lamb, Gad Lamb's widow, organized the 
 first Sunday-school in the township at her home. The meetings on the Lamb 
 place continued until the building of the school house in 1835, after which they 
 were held there, although no regular church appears to have been organized. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Lamb's Creek was organized ia 
 February, 1883, with the following members: D. L. Pralic, C. P. Puller, J. L. 
 Moore, Jackson Smith, H. P. Van Xess, L. A. Brewster and ,W. B. Eipley. A 
 church building, costing $1,600, was dedicated April 39, 1884. The church was in 
 the Tioga charge until 1884, since which time it has been in the Covington charge, 
 the same pastors serving both churches. The names of the pastors from the 
 organization are as follows: Eevs. J. W. Gamble, 1883; J. D. Eequa, 1883-84; P. 
 H. Van Keuren, 1884-87; W. M. Dubois, 1887-88; F. H. Eowley, 1890-91; D. L. 
 Pitts, 1891-94; Cornelius Dillenbeek, 1894-95; W. B. Armington^ 1895-97. 
 
 The First Church of Christ of Canoe Camp, incorporated April 4, 1884, was or- 
 ganized as the "First Christian Church of Canoe Camp," September 34, 1849, by 
 Eev. Theobold MiUer, its first pastor. The names of the original members 
 are as follows: Leander K., Amos, Valorus 0., Alonzo M. and I. E. Spencer, 
 Thomas, William, John and G. W. Goodall, John Churchill, J. C. Ireton, W. W. 
 Eussell, A. A. ISToble, Sophia, Sarah, Jane, Mary A. and Martha Spencer, Susan 
 and Ziba Gillet, Sophia M. and Anna M. Goodall, Cynthia Lownsbery, Jane 
 Churchill, Louisa, Jane E. and Eachel Noble, Lois M. Cleveland and Lavina A. 
 Cass. Eev. I. E. Spencer served this church as pastor for twenty years. He was 
 succeeded by Eev. G. W. Headley, who remained until 1884, since which time the 
 church has been served by Eevs. J. 0. Cutts, 1884-87; M. S. Blain, 1891; TJ. A. 
 White, 1891-96, and Leon J. Eeynolds, the present pastor. A store building, 
 previously purchased, was dedicated as a church May 19, 1851, and was used until 
 1880, when the present building, representing an outlay of $3,000, was erected. 
 This church now numbers 130 members. There are about fifty pupils in the 
 Sunday-school, of which M. E. Goodall is the superintendent. 
 
EICIIMOND TOWNSHIP. 573 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The early settlers buried their dead near their homes, where they could watch 
 over and care for the graves. It was in this way that the private graveyards, to be 
 found in almost every section of the township, were established. In them reposed 
 the remains of the early pioneers, until the removal of the bodies to Mansfield and 
 other cemeteries. In a few instances, however, the old graves have remained un- 
 disturbed. Among the oldest of these early graveyards is the one at Lamb's Creek, 
 containing the remains of members of the Lamb, Eipley, Shaw and other pioneer fam- 
 ilies; the Eipley burying ground on the old Philip S. Eipley place — given by the will 
 of Philip S. Eipley to Eichmond township, and the graveyard on Lamb's creek, near 
 the place of W. B. Eipley. In the cemetery at Canoe Camp are found the graves of 
 members of the Spencer, Cass, Lownsbery, Gillet, Eowley and Stratton families. 
 The oldest gravestone in this cemetery marks the grave of Francis Upton Spen- 
 cer, who died in 1813, and who, it is said, was a soldier in the War of 1813. The 
 tombstones over the graves of Nathan and Anna Eowley, contains the following in- 
 scription: "They were the first settlers in Larabee's Point in Shoreham, Vermont, 
 at the close of the Eevolutionary War." A cemetery in the Whitteker neighborhood, 
 near the Covington township line, contains the graves of members of the Whitteker^ 
 Jaquish, Phelps, Woodward and other families. A cemetery on the old Wells- 
 boro and Mansfield post road, near the Charleston township line, contains the 
 graves of members of the Benedict and other families, early settlers in the western 
 part of Eichmond and eastern part of Charleston townships. 
 
 TILLAGES. 
 
 Lamb's Creek is situated near the northern line of the township, where the 
 stream of the same name enters into the Tioga river. Both stream and village 
 were named for Gad Lamb, the pioneer, the date of whose settlement, as well as 
 that of other pioneers, is given in a preceding portion of this chapter. In 1813 
 Mr. Lamb and his sons built a saw-mill, the third in the township, on the east bank 
 of the river just below the present bridge. This mill, owned at the time by 
 Hoard & Beach, was purchased about 1858 by Michael Fralic. In 1869 a flood took 
 the dam away. In 1870 Mr. Pralic's sons, Daniel L. and M. H., who succeeded him m 
 1866, and who compose the present firm of Fralic Brothers, built a new mill on the 
 opposite bank of the river, which is run by steam, and has a capacity of 10,000 feet of 
 lumber a day. A school house was built in 1835, replaced after the late war by the 
 present building. A grocery store was started in 1854, by P. Davis, and a post- 
 office established in 1867, E. E. Haight being the first postmaster. His successors 
 have been Linus Thayer, D. Porter Shaw and D. L. Fralic, the present incumbent, 
 the office being in charge of his assistant, Mrs. Jennie Day, who also runs a general 
 store in connection therewith. The only other store in the place is that of Francis 
 Flower, born in 1811, and one of the oldest men engaged in active business in the 
 county. D. B. Lamb has been the station ticket agent since the railroad passed into 
 the hands of the "Erie." His sister, Maria Lamb, bom in 1818, has, for over 
 twenty years, carried the mail to and from the trains, with unvarying promptness, 
 and in all kinds of weather. 
 
 Canoe Camp is situated two miles south of the railway station in Mansfield, at 
 
574 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the confluence of Canoe Camp creek and the Tioga river. It marks the point to 
 which the WilHamson road was completed in 1792, and its name is said to owe its 
 origin to the fact that on the approach of winter the force engaged in road build- 
 ing embarked in canoes and floated down the river to Painted Post, New York. As 
 already related. Gad Lamb and his son, Daniel, stopped here, in 1797, long enough to 
 plant the camp clearing in com and potatoes, but did not purchase the land. The 
 first actual settler was Amos Spencer, who located in 1806, and by deed bearing date 
 March 1, 1809, became possessed of the land on which the village of Canoe Camp 
 stands. The previous owners were Thomas Barber and Oliver Jennings. Here 
 Mr. Spencer built a grist and saw-mill at the ripples on the river. These mills, 
 replaced by larger and more modem ones, are owned and operated by his grand- 
 son, A. M. Spencer. A postoffice was established in 1831 and Amos Spencer became 
 the first postmaster. A few years later the postofiice was removed to Mansfield. 
 It was re-established in April, 1868, with T. J. Jeliil as postmaster. His successors 
 have been M. A. Cass, P. M. Gillet and A. D. Gillet, the present incumbent, who was 
 appointed February 13, 1890. A hotel was carried on in the village for a number 
 of years, the first landlord being L. K. Spencer. Among his successors were Ed- 
 ward Gordon and John C. Bennett. Before the building of the railroad Alexander 
 Hall used to carry the mail over the Williamson road to and from Williamsport. 
 One of the earliest schools in the township was taught here in 1814 and 1815 by 
 Miss Sallie Elliott. A school has been maintained here ever since. The Church of 
 Christ, the only "Disciple" or "Christian" church in the township, was organized 
 here, September 24, 1849, by Eev. Theobold Miller. The manufacturing enter- 
 prises of the place are confined to the Spencer mills, already referred to, and to the 
 Canoe Camp Full Cream Cheese Factory, established in May, 1895, by F. E. Zim- 
 mer, who also operates a similar factory at East Charleston. The Canoe 
 Camp factory uses the milk of 300 cows daily, and produces from 700 to 800 pounds 
 of cheese per day. It is in charge of J. H. Mosher. The plant cost $2,000. 
 There are two general stores in the place, one carried on by A. W. Gillet, and the 
 other by A. D. Gillet, who is also the station agent and postmaster. His store 
 is in the depot building. The oldest living resident of the place is Isaac Lowns- 
 bery, born in 1811, who has lived there since 1818. The bam on his place was 
 built in 1827. 
 
 Mardin is the name of a postofiice in the western part of the township, on 
 the "Old Post Eoad." It was established in 1879. 0. M. Patchen, the first post- 
 master, held the office until June 21, 1883, when H. N. Spear, the present in- 
 cumbent, was appointed. 
 
CHAPTEE XLIX. 
 
 MANSFIELD BOROUGH. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— Eaely Settlers and Enterprises— Borough Or- 
 ganization AND Officials— Fire Department- Postmasters, Physicians and 
 Lawyers— Hotels— Public Schools— Mansfield Classical Seminary— The 
 Mansfield State Normal School— The Soldiers' Orphan Home— Business 
 Colleges— Later Industries and Enterprises— Newspapers— Churches and 
 Cemeteries— Societies. 
 
 THE borough of Mansfield is situated east of the geographical center of Rich- 
 mond township. Its area embraces a little more than two square miles, lies 
 principally on the east side of the Tioga river, and is traversed throughout its 
 entire length by the Tioga railroad. Corey creek enters the borough from the 
 east, north of the center, flows northwest, and empties into the Tioga river near 
 the northwest comer of the borough area. Though somewhat broken north of 
 Corey creek, and along the sides of the river valley, the borough site is, as a whole, 
 comparatively level, and is well drained and healthful. The altitude, railroad level, 
 is 1,140 feet above the sea. The population, in 1890, was 1,763. 
 
 The site of the borough is one of the most beautiful spots in the Tioga 
 valley. The boldness and ruggedness of the hills, on either side of the narrow 
 gap through which the river flows into Tioga township, are here toned down to 
 gentler slopes, permitting them to be cultivated, from base to summit, and giving 
 to the scene a varied beauty that attracts and enchants the beholder. The 
 valley, for miles up and down the river, and the uplands, that stretch away on 
 either side, abound in well-cultivated farms, and are dotted with sightly farm 
 homes, the abodes of thrift, comfort and culture, while the borough itself, with 
 its well-built business center, its sightly normal school buildings, and its many 
 handsome private residences, gives outward evidences of progress and pros- 
 perity. 
 
 early settlers and entbepkises. 
 
 Benjamin Corey, the first white man to settle within the borough limits, 
 came early in 1797, and lived, with his wife and children, in a bark hut on the 
 east side of the Tioga river, west of the present railroad bridge over Corey creek, 
 which stream was named after him. In the fall he built a log house, Daniel 
 and Harry Lamb, then living at Lamb's Creek, assisting at the raising. Corey's 
 wife died, and he took her remains in a canoe to the mouth of the Cowanesque, 
 and buried them. He soon afterwards removed to Angelica, New York. 
 
 Henry Daniels, a surveyor, and Edward Gobin, a deputy surveyor, under the 
 Pennsylvania title, came about 1802 and occupied the Corey cabin. One morn- 
 ing, as Gobin opened the door of the cabin, he was shot through the back and 
 
576 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 hips, by some one concealed behind a pine stump, on the opposite side of the 
 river. It was supposed that the bullet was intended for Daniels, and that the 
 shooting was done by a Connecticut claimant. A surgeon, brought by Harry 
 Lamb, from Newtown, now Elmira, New York, dressed Gobin's wound. He re- 
 covered, and afterwards moved to Korthumberland county. 
 
 The first persons, however, to permanently settle within the borough limits, 
 were John, Peter and Jacob Kelts, who, with their father, came from the Mohawk 
 valley, New York, in 1804 or 1805, and occupied the Corey cabin. Jacob was 
 afterwards kicked by a horse and killed. John married Abigail Button, and 
 built a house on a knoll, southwest of the present cemetery. Here, in 1814, 
 Sobrine Kelts, who resides just south of the borough limits, was born. He is the 
 oldest living person bom in the borough. Peter, who was a carpenter, built a 
 frame house, the first one here, about 1810 or 1813. It stood near the site after- 
 wards occupied by the Mart King factory. He married Sally, a daughter of 
 Major Elijah Putnam, January 1, 1818, and became a resident of Coviagton town- 
 ship. Ebenezer Burley, a Eevolutionary soldier, came in 1808,. and settled north 
 of Corey creek, east of the Williamson road. Dr. Stillman Cannon, the first 
 physician, came in 1813, remained two years, and lived in one of the Kelts' houses. 
 Alpheus Button came in 1815, and built a house near the entrance to Smythe 
 Park. Daniel Holden, the pioneer merchant, came from Albany, New York, in 
 1819, and located at Canoe Camp. In 1820 he removed to Mansfield, and settled on 
 200 acres of land, now forming a portion of the properties of D. H. Pitts and 
 P. V. Van Ness. In 1822 he began merchandising in a small way. In 1824 he 
 erected the residence, on the west side of Main street, now occupied by P. V. 
 Van Ness. It is the oldest building in the borough. In 1826 he built, across the 
 road from his residence, the first store in Mansfield. Here he carried on business 
 until his death, September 4, 1830. His son, John A. Holden, bom in 1821, is 
 the oldest person bom in, and now a resident of, the borough. In 1822 Almon 
 ' Allen, a son of Lieut. Jacob Allen, then residing in the township, came here from 
 Cummington, Massachusetts. His brother-in-law, Solon Eichards, came about 
 the same time. In 1824 they built a woolen factory, near the northwest comer 
 of Smythe Park, which they afterwards sold to Isaac Drake, who, with his sons, 
 John and Peter, carried it on for many years. It was twice destroyed by fire. 
 This factory ceased operations before 1860, and the building, since removed, is 
 now occupied by the planing-mill, sash and door factory, of Edward Doane & 
 Company. 
 
 About the year 1824, Asa Mann, a native of Ehode Island, who, as early as 
 1804, had settled in the township, below the borough, purchased from John and 
 Peter Kelts 200 acres of land, the greater part of which is now occupied by the 
 borough business center. In the same year, he cleared some thirty acres of this 
 land, which soon became known as "Mann's field." A year or two later, when 
 he laid out his land in town lots, this name attached itself to the village, which, 
 with the passing years, has become the prosperous and progressive borough of 
 to-day. Mr. Mann built a distillery on the site afterwards occupied by the 
 Spencer photograph gallery, and, about 1830, erected a saw-mill near the old 
 woolen-mill. A house, built in 1827 or 1828, on the southwest comer of Main 
 
Qj^0Ay^UZ. 
 
 'ifZ/lx^ 
 
MANSFIELD BOKOUGH. 577 
 
 and Wellsboro streets, by Barrett Clark, was occupied, for a time, by Asa Mann, 
 as a hotel, preTious to its purchase by Col. Samuel Hunt, in 1828. Asa Mann 
 and his son, William B. Mann, had a store from 1833 or 1833 to 1839, on the site 
 of the building now occupied by Eose Brothers. In the last-named year Asa 
 Mann removed to Peru, Illinois, where he died July 8, 1843, aged sixty-one years. 
 
 About 1834, also, Chandler Mann came here from Otsego county, New York, 
 and built a tannery — said to have been the first in the county — on the west side 
 of Main street, near Corey creek. Hezekiah Gaylord, a native of Connecticut, 
 came in 1833 and located at Kelleytown. In 1834 he moved to Mansfield. Dr. 
 Dexter Parkhurst is credited with coming the same year. In 1835 his brother, 
 Joel Parkhurst, afterwards a prominent business man of Elkland, came from New 
 Hampshire, and kept a few goods for sale in an upper room of the doctor's house. 
 He remained but a few months. Benjamin Peterson, the first representative of 
 the negro race here, came about the same time and lived with Dr. Parkhurst. Col. 
 Samuel Hunt came from Lebanon, Madison county, New York, in 1838, and 
 opened a hotel in the building, on the corner of Main and Wellsboro streets, erected 
 by Barrett Clark. He became a well known and popular landlord. His daughter, 
 Mrs. Gurdon Fuller, who was born in 1830, is now a resident of Mansfield. 
 
 Oliver Whittaker, who had previously conducted a store for Daniel Holden, 
 in Sylvania, came in 1831, and lived in a house on the northeast comer of Main 
 and Wellsboro streets. Lorin Butts came from Lawrenceville in 1833, and settled 
 in the southern part of the borough, on the place where his daug'hter, Miss Byrissa 
 B. Butts, now resides. Eodney C. Shaw, a son of Joshua Shaw, a pioneer settler 
 at Lamb's Creek, moved here in 1835. His widow, born in 1808, the oldest per- 
 son living in the borough, occupies the old home at the northern end of Main 
 street. ApoUos Pitts, father of D. H., John P. and the late Aaron M. Pitts, came 
 here from Sullivan township in 1837, and became prominent as a merchant. The 
 late Philip Williams, of the banking house of Eoss & Williams, came the same 
 year. Capt. Ezra Davis settled here in 1838, and in 1840 built the brick tannery, 
 now carried on by C. S. Kingsley. Abram Shuart, the blacksmith, also came in 
 1838. B. W. Hazard, the first lawyer, and Benjamin M. Bailey, afterwards promi- 
 nent as a merchant, located here in 1840. Benjamin Gitchell, who had previously 
 lived in Charleston township, and had served as sheriff of the county, built the 
 first brick house here in 1841. It is still standing on the west side of South 
 Main street. 
 
 In 1843 Dr. Joseph P. Morris, a man destined to do much for the progress 
 and prosperity of Mansfield, came here from Blossburg, having previously pur- 
 chased, from James E. Wilson, for $13,000, 1,100 acres of land — the Asa Mann 
 property. After residing here until 1846, Dr. Morris removed to Wellsboro, where 
 he remained until 1853, when he returned to Mansfield, and, in 1857, had the 
 greater part of his land, lying east of the river, plotted into town lots. Oliver H. 
 Phelps came here in 1843, and in 1850 built a hotel, on the west side of Main 
 street, south of Corey creek. Amos Bixby came in 1844, and in 1845, with Edward 
 Faulkner, Gurdon Fuller and John A. Holden, built a number of canal boats for 
 use on the Erie canal. Joseph S. Hoard came in 1844, and LjTnan Beach, 
 with whom he was for a number of years associated in business, in 1845. Mart 
 
 37 
 
578 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 King, who for several years carried on a furniture factory, came from Washing- 
 ton county, 'New York, in 1845. L. H. Elliott and his sons, Dr. Charles V. and 
 Simon B. Elliott, came in 1847-48; William Hollands, the harness maker, in 1850; 
 Dr. William M. Harden, the first homeopathic physician, in 1852; Henry Allen, 
 the well known lawyer, and the first burgess, in 1854; A. J. Boss, one of the 
 founders of the banking house of Eoss & Williams, in 1855, and Clark W. Bailey, 
 for many years identified with the milling and mercantile business of the borough, 
 in 1857. 
 
 The foregoing names are those of the men most prominently identified with 
 the history of Mansfield previous to its incorporation as a borough. To them 
 belongs the credit of its early upbuilding. They changed the site on which it 
 stands from a dense wilderness to a thrifty and progressive village, and paved the 
 way for the greater achievements of more recent years. All, except a few, who 
 came in the later decades, have passed away, leaving behind them a record of 
 honesty, integrity, sobriety and untiring industry. Mansfield, the village of yes- 
 terday, the borough of to-day, stands as a lasting monument to their memory, and 
 is a fitting testimonial to their earnest, honorable and useful lives. 
 
 B0E0U6H OEGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 On November 28, 1856, a petition was filed in the court of quarter sessions 
 of Tioga county, asking for the incorporation of Mansfield as a borough, and de- 
 fining its proposed boundaries. The petition was favorably acted upon, and an 
 election ordered to take place March 27, 1857, at the- house of 0. H. Phelps. At 
 this election the following-named persons were chosen as the first officers of the 
 borough: Henry Allen, burgess; P. Gaylord, L. H. Elliott, J. M. Cassels, H. 
 Davis and M. Kelley, councilman. The first meeting of the council was held 
 April 3, 1857, and S. B. Elliott elected secretary, and H. Davis, treasurer, of the 
 borough. Following are the names of those who have filled the office of burgess 
 since 1857: John A. Holden, 1858; S. B. Elliott, 1859; Mart King, 1860-61; 
 A. J. Eoss, 1862; Philip Williams, 1863; Mart King, 1864; W. D. Lang, 1865; 
 Henry Allen, 1866; J. T. Streit, 1867; H. B. Middaugh, 1868; W. Hollands, 1869- 
 70; H. B. Middaugh, 1871 ; J. S. Murdough, 1872-73; Mart King, 1874-75; D. 
 H. Pitts, 1876; C. H. VerriU, 1877; W. Hollands, 1878; D. H. Pitts, 1879; E. 
 Blackwell, 1880; C. V. Elliott, M. D., 1881; T. H. Bailey, 1882-83; H. E. Met- 
 calf, 1884; D. H. Pitts, 1885; T. H. Bailey, 1886-87-88-89; H. E. Metcalf, 1890-91; 
 C. S. Kingsley, 1892; W. D. Husted, 1893; J. M. Barden, M. D., 1894; P. E. 
 Van Keuren, 1895-96, and J. S. Shepard, elected in 1897. 
 
 The office of justice of the peace has been filled by the following-named per- 
 sons: William Adams, 1862; re-elected, 1872, 1877, 1890; Lyman Beach, Jr., 
 1862; re-elected, 1867; Edward E. Webster, 1867; J. W. Wilhelm, 1872: 0. D. 
 Goodenough, 1876; B. E. Bailey, 1880; re-elected, 1890, 1895; IST. A. Elliott, 1882; 
 Mart King, 1885; E. W. Clark, 1886; S. G. Ehinevault, 1887; J. A. Moody, 
 1891; re-elected, 1896. 
 
 FIEE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Mansfield Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, was organized December 
 27, 1880, and chartered December 24, 1883. It is officered as follows: Frank 
 
MANSFIELD BOEOUGH. 579 
 
 W. Clark, president; W. A. Eowland, vice-president; W. D. Husted, treasurer; J. 
 A. Elliott, secretary; Charles S. Eoss, foreman, and M. S. French and T. H. Bailey, 
 assistant foremen. 
 
 A. M. Pitts Hose Company, No. 2, was organized July 33, 1893, with the 
 following oflBcers: Frank Lawrence, president; Eugene Hall, vice-president; 
 Herbert Criggs, foreman; Arthur Brown, assistant foreman; D. L. Miller, second 
 assistant foreman; Jerome Mann, secretary; Mort Johnson, assistant secretary; 
 Clarence Eohler, treasurer; Fred. Gaige, Eugene Hall and Warren Baynes, trustees. 
 
 Allen Hose Company, No. S, was organized August 1, 1893, with the follow- 
 ing officers: Eay C. Longbothum, president; George H. Weeks, vice-president; 
 John Shaw, secretary; W. A. ■ McCausland, treasurer; K. Leon Buck, foreman; 
 E. M. Dorsett, first assistant, and Burt J. Bixby, second assistant foreman. 
 
 Each of these companies is handsomely uniformed, and is made up of an 
 active, enthusiastic and efficient membership. The department is under the com- 
 mand of Judson A. Elliott, fire chief of the borough. 
 
 POSTMASTERS, PHYSICIAN'S AND LAVTYEHS. 
 
 A postoffice was established at Canoe Camp in 1833. The first postmaster 
 was Amos Spencer. A few years later it was removed to Mansfield, and Asa Mann 
 appointed postmaster. He held the office until 1839. It has been a difficult mat- 
 ter to secure the names of his successors in the order of their service. The follow- 
 ing, however, is believed to be an approximately correct list: Simeon F. Utter, 
 Oliver Whittaker, Philemon Doud, Apollos Pitts, Benjamin Bailey, Michael Col- 
 ville, 0. H. Phelps, Mrs. Mary Euckman, Dr. C. V. Elliott, V. E. Pratt, M. L. 
 Clark, Col. N. A- Elliott, J. A. Elliott and the present incumbent, John L. Cum- 
 mings, appointed August 16, 1894. 
 
 The first physician to locate in Mansfield was Dr. Stillman Cannon, who 
 came in 1813. Dr. Dexter Parkhurst came in 1834, and had an office near the 
 entrance to Smythe Park. He remained until 1830, and then removed to Maines- 
 burg. Dr. Harmon Whitehead located here about 1833. Dr. H. G. Smythe was 
 here as early as 1838. Dr. C. V. Elliott came in 1847; Dr. William M. Barden, 
 the pioneer homeopathist, in 1853, and practiced till his death, September 30, 
 1884; Dr. J. A. Cole, in 1868, and remained a number of years. Dr. John M. 
 Barden, son of Dr. William M. Barden, practiced here from 1881 to 1895, when 
 he removed to Eoseville. The profession is now represented by Dr. Benjamin 
 Moody, Dr. Wentworth D. Vedder, Dr. Fred. D. Elliott and Dr. Frederick Green 
 Wood. The profession of dentistry is represented by Oramel Newell. 
 
 The first lawyer to locate in Mansfield was E. W. Hazard, who was here 
 before 1840. Henry Allen came in 1854, and practiced till his death, in 1888. 
 William Adams moved from Tioga township in 1855, and practiced law and 
 served as justice of the peace over forty years. S. B. Elliott was admitted but 
 did not practice. J. H. Handy was here a short time. A. J. Webster came in 
 1870 and remained three or four years. J. C. Horton came later remaining two 
 years. B. J. Cosky came in 1890 and remained until 1894. Douglas H. Griffin 
 came from Canton in April, 1895, and formed a partnership with Leon S. Chan- 
 nell, which continued until Mr. Griffin's death, from accidental shooting, in 
 
ggQ HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 October, 1895. The present members of the bar of this borough, are Frajik W. 
 Clark, admitted to practice February 5, 1866; John W. Adams, admitted in No- 
 vember, 1867, and Leon S. Channell, admitted June 3, 1893. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 About 1837 Barrett Clark erected a building on the northeast corner of Main 
 and Wellsboro streets, in which Asa Mann kept hotel for a short time. In 1828 
 Capt. Samuel Hunt, who came from Madison county. New York, bought the 
 property and carried on the hotel for a number of years. The house was burned 
 in 1849, Aaron Ingalls being the landlord at that time. In the following year 
 the house now occupied by B. E. Baily as a farm implement warehouse, was 
 built for a hotel by Capt. Samuel Hunt and Gurdon Puller, who kept it for 
 several years. In 1850 Oliver "W. Phelps erected a hotel building on the west 
 side of Main street, south of Corey creek, in which he kept hotel until his death 
 in 1863. The building now known as the Hotel French, was originally a 
 private residence. When first used for hotel purposes it was known as the Fuller 
 House. It has had many landlords. In December, 1896, the property was pur- 
 chased by M. S. French, for several years landlord of the Allen House, and was 
 remodeled and occupied by him in the spring of 1897. A brick building on Sher- 
 wood street, near the railroad, originally a private residence, was transformed into a 
 hotel about 1877, with P. V. Clark as landlord, and was known as the Grand Central 
 Hotel. The Allen House, used for several years after its erection for the Soldiers' 
 Orphan School, is now owned by Thomas H. Bailey, ex-county commissioner, who 
 purchased it of Mrs. Jane M. Allen in December, 1896. In April, 1897, Mr. Bailey 
 took charge of the hotel and is the present landlord. 
 
 PUBLIC SCTIOOLS. 
 
 During the winter of 1831-32, a school was taught by Susanna Allen, a 
 daughter of Lieut. Jacob Allen, in the dwelling house of John Kelts. This was the 
 first school within the borough limits. Between 1833 and 1826, her sister, Philena 
 Allen, taught in a house, built in 1815 for a dwelling by Alpheus Button, near 
 the entrance of Smythe Park. In 1836 a plank school house was built, a few 
 rods south of Wellsboro street, on land now embraced in the right of way of the 
 railroad. The first school was taught here during the winter of 1827-38, by W. 
 C. Eipley. In 1838, after the taking effect of the public school law, a two-story 
 frame school building was erected on the southeast comer of Academy and 
 Wellsboro streets, and used for school purposes until 1881, when the present 
 graded school building was erected. The old building is now used as a dwelling. 
 The new building, including grounds, furniture, etc., cost over $13,000. It is a 
 handsome brick edifice, beautifully located south of Wellsboro street, near the 
 river. The school is now practically conducted as a department of the State 
 Normal School, the grades below the High School being carried on as a model 
 school of that institution. 
 
 MANSFIELD CLASSICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 To the late Col. Joseph S. Hoard belongs the credit of first suggesting the 
 estabUshment in Mansfield of an institution of learning of a higher grade 
 
MANSFIELD BOHOTTGH. 58^^ 
 
 than tlie average country academy. It was made in May or June, 1854, to Dr. 
 Joseph P. Morris, Eev. H. N". Seaver, AMn Gaylord and a few others. The first 
 to give encouragement was Dr. Morris, who joined Colonel Hoard in creating a 
 sentiment in favor of the proposed school. The matter was brought before the 
 quarterly conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, July 9, 1854, during a 
 camp-meeting held at L. D. Seeley's farm, in Sullivan township, where the friends 
 of the enterprise gathered in Col. R. C. Shaw's tent. The conference not being 
 prepared to act, a meeting was appointed for the following Monday in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church in Mansfield. At this meeting it was resolved to 
 hold a public meeting in the same church July 26, 1854. This meeting was 
 an enthusiastic one. The nature of the enterprise was explained, and a paper 
 presented for signatures, proposing the formation of a stock company with shares 
 at $50 each. There was a stipulation that the school should be under the pat- 
 ronage of the East Genesee Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but 
 in no sense, was it to be a church or sectarian school. The principal was, how- 
 ever, to be a member of that church. A committee, consisting of Colonel Hoard, 
 Eev. William Manning, Alvin Gaylord, E. C. Shaw, Hon. D. L. Sherwood, Lyman 
 Beach, Jr., and others, was appointed to solicit subscriptions. 
 
 On August 8, 1854, the subscriptions having reached $5,000, a committee 
 was appointed to present the claims of the enterprise to the East Genesee Con- 
 ference. This was done, and the conference appointed five commissioners, with 
 discretionary powers to investigate and decide whether support should be pledged. 
 In the meantime, citizens of Wellsboro concluded that such an institution would 
 be a good thing for their village. The result was a warm contest between the 
 two places. The commissioners, however, decided in favor of Mansfield. 
 
 A charter was seciired for the "Mansfield Classical Seminary," the first 
 meeting under it held December 1, 1854, and the following ofiieers and trustees 
 elected: Col. J. S. Hoard, president; Dr. C. V. Elliott and R. P. Buttles, vice- 
 presidents; Dr. Joseph P. Morris, recording secretary; B. M. Bailey and S. B. 
 Elliott, corresponding secretaries; Lyman Beach, Jr., treasurer; William M. John- 
 son, librarian, and Eev. William Manning, T. L. Baldwin, G. E. Wilson, Eev. A. 
 Sherwood, Eev. Eichard Videon, Joseph Hubbell, Lyman Eeynolds, Hon. D. L. 
 Sherwood, Dr. Joseph P. Morris, William K. Kimball, J. B. Clark, B. M. Bailey 
 and Lyman Beach, Jr., trustees. 
 
 At the first meeting of the trustees, held February 15, 1855, a plan for a 
 brick building, four stories high, 100 feet front, with two wings, each seventy- 
 eight feet high, was adopted, and the building erected under the supervision of 
 Col. J. S. Hoard, Hon. D. L. Sherwood and Amos Bixby. April 17, 1856, the 
 board elected Eev. J. E. and Mrs. H. L. Jaques, principal and preceptress, at a 
 combined salary of $900 per annum. The seminary was formally opened January 
 7, 1857, with 105 students. The building when finished and furnished repre- 
 sented an outlay of nearly $20,000, with an indebtedness of $6,000. 
 
 The second term of school began April 16, 1857, with 150 students. Six days 
 later the building burned to the ground, the fire occurring about 10 o'clock in 
 the morning. It was insured for $12,000. The night following the fire, the 
 friends and promoters of the institution held a meeting, resolved to rebuild, and 
 
682 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 subscribed $4,000. "Work was at once begun, and by September 1, the greater 
 portion of the first story of the south building was erected. The panic of that 
 year, the refusal of one insurance company to pay, and the collapse of another, 
 rendered the trustees unable to meet payments. Work was suspended and a 
 long struggle with financial difficulties ensued. Finally, an enthusiasm, born of 
 despair took possession of the people, even to women and children, and at a picnic 
 held August 20, 1858, oyer $4,000 was subscribed, the subscriptions being payable 
 in labor, board, grain, provisions, sewing, lumber, cattle, everything merchantable, 
 in sums from twenty-five cents to $100. 
 
 August 35, 1858, the trustees resolved to proceed with the building, but to 
 incur no indebtedness. P. M. Clark, William Hollands and S. B. Elliott were 
 appointed a building committee. Work was begun and carried forward under 
 many difficulties. Though incomplete, the institution was re-opened Novem- 
 ber 23, 1859, with thirty students. Eev. James Landreth was principal, and Miss 
 Julia A. Hosmer preceptress. 
 
 In November, 1859, S. B. Elliott was elected president. Professor Landreth 
 resigned in July, 1860, and was succeeded by Eev. William B. Holt, with Prof. 
 E. Wildman, assistant. At the annual election all but four of the old officers 
 were retired and a new building committee elected. Eev. N. Fellows was chosen 
 president, and Eev. E. A. Drake, treasurer. January 19, 1861, Mr. Drake was 
 appointed general agent and manager, and all assets, subscriptions and debts were 
 assigned to him. Troublous times followed, and the friends of the institution 
 had a struggle to keep it from falling into the sherifl-'s hands; They finally suc- 
 ceeded. Professor Holt resigned April 4, 1861, and was succeeded by Professor 
 Wildman. At the annual election in November, the old officers were, for the 
 most part, restored. Eev. W. Cochran was elected president, and Professor Wild- 
 man, treasurer. Mr. Drake resigned as manager. At this time Mr. Drake, Eev. 
 Eichard Videan and J. C. Howe — ^who had been misled and nearly ruined, 
 financially— held a number of judgments against the institution, which they had 
 purchased, and repeated attempts were made to"sell it at sheriff's sale. In the 
 face of these obstacles, the work of completing the buildings was carried on by the 
 trustees. 
 
 In the meantime a proposition to make the institution a State Normal 
 School had been discussed, and during the winter of 1861-63, S. B. Elliott, who 
 was in the state legislature, worked zealously with that end in view. July 3, 'l863, 
 the trustees, by unanimous vote, made application to the State to have the in- 
 stitution changed to a State Normal School. December 11, 1862, the examiaers 
 appointed by the governor, and by Dr. Burroughs, superintendent of common 
 schools, met at Mansfield, and, after examination, reported favorably and on De- 
 cember 12, the Mansfield Classical Seminaiy passed out of existence and was suc- 
 ceeded by the State Normal School of the Fifth district, being the third in the 
 State to be recognized, Millersville and Edinboro preceding it. 
 
 THE MANSFIELB STATE NOEMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The Change of the Mansfield Classical Seminary to a State Normal School, 
 did not immediately relieve its financial embarrassment, and "sheriff's tracks 
 
MANSFIELD BOROUGH. 583 
 
 conld be seen approaching it from all directions." January 20^, 1864, through the 
 efforts of Eev. W. Cochran, William Hollands, Dr. Joseph P. Morris and S. B. 
 Elliott, Hon. John Magee generously loaned the institution $6,500, and on 
 January 1, 1867, made the trustees a New Year's present of $3,333.50, the un- 
 paid balance of that amount. The first legislative appropriation, made in the 
 winter of 1863, amounted to $5,000, since which time the State has dealt 
 generously with the institution. 
 
 Rev. "W. D. Taylor was elected principal March 19, 1863, and held the position 
 until July 13, 1864, when he was succeeded by Prof. Pordyee A. Allen, elected 
 for five vears. Under Professor Allen's administration the school prospered. He 
 and the president, S. B. Elliott, who had succeeded Eev. W. Cochran, de- 
 voted themselves to its upbuilding and to the work of placing it on a firm 
 financial basis. February 16, 1869, Professor Allen resigned, and on May 20, 
 1869, Prof. J. T. Streit was chosen to succeed him. He died November 13, 1869, 
 and January 7, 1870, Prof. Charles H. Verrill was elected principal. He was suc- 
 ceeded in September, 1873, by Prof. J. N. Fradenburgh, who served until Sep- 
 tember, 1875, when Professor Verrill was again elected. In September, 1877, 
 Prof. Fordyce A. Allen was again made principal, and in November, Prof. John 
 H. French, LL. D., was elected associate principal. He resigned September 6, 
 1878. Professor Allen died February 11, 1880, and Prof. J. C. Doane filled out 
 the remainder of the school year. In September, 1880, Prof. D. C. Thomas was 
 elected principal. He resigned February 1, 1892, to talce effect at the close of 
 the school year, and was succeeded by Prof. Samuel H. Albro, the present prin- 
 cipal, who is assisted by a facility of able and experienced educators. 
 
 After the change to a. State Normal School, the work of completing the un- 
 finished buildings was pushed forward. Since then old buildings have been re- 
 modeled and new ones erected, until the institution is one of the best in the State 
 in respect to the character and extent of its buildings. The buildings recently 
 completed and those in contemplation will place it, so far as architecture and 
 appropriate equipment can do so, in the very front rank of the normal schools 
 of the country. The seminary building, accepted by the State, was the main 
 portion of the present South Hall, a brick structure 150x50 feet, and four stories 
 high. It was remodeled and enlarged in 1889. In this building are the gentle- 
 men's dormitories, six recitation rooms and the text book library. The North 
 Hall is 270x100 feet, and five stories high, and cost $150,000. It contains the 
 office of the principal, an elegant dining room, finished in oak, with a seating 
 capacity of 500, the kitchen, bakery, etc., dormitories, for the ladies, reception 
 rooms, suits of rooms for the art department, and the Normal School of Music. 
 The Normal School of Music, which is in charge of Hamlin E. Cogswell, has 
 grown to be an important department of the institution, and has a special faculty 
 devoted to vocal and instrumental instruction. Two stories of an "L," project- 
 ing from the northeast corner of the North Hall, are set apart as an infirmary, 
 and are furnished with every appliance for the sick. The Alumni Hall — named 
 for the Alumni Assocation — is located midway between the North and South 
 Halls. It is 117x54 feet, and three stories high. It contains the model school 
 rooms, recitation rooms, the society rooms, and a concert hall, which occupies one 
 
584 HISTOET OF TIOGA OOTJNTT. 
 
 entire story. It was completed in 1886, at a cost of $35,000. The bell which 
 swings in its tower, and which cost $550, was given by the Alumni Association in 
 June, 1886. All the buildings named are of brick, and the style of architecture 
 is sightly and attractive. The gymnasium is a frame building, 130x50 jfeet, 
 situated in the rear of the South Hall. It contains a large drill hall, a library 
 and reading room, one for the military company, one for cabinet specimens and 
 a ladies' dressing room. It was erected in 1888, at a cost of $7,000. The grounds 
 embrace ten acres, and are beautifully laid out in lawns, and covered with a great 
 variety of forest trees. In 1895 the value of grounds, buildiags, furniture, library, 
 etc., amounted to a total of $305,000. The State aid to 1895 amounted to 
 $245,000, making a total, with stock and subscriptions, of $268,050. 
 
 The management of the institution is confided to a board of trustees, eighteen 
 in number, twelve of whom represent the stockholders and six the State. Pour 
 of the former and two of the latter are elected each year. Those representing 
 the stockholders are ,7. C. Howe, Charles S. Boss, Joseph S. Hoard and Volney 
 Eipley, whose terms of office expire in 1899; A. M. Spencer, J. A. Elliott, Dr. 
 John M. Barden and H. F. Kingsley, whose terms expire in 1898, and D. H. 
 Pitts, Dr. "W. D. Vedder, E. L Sperry and F. E. Van Keuren, whose terms expire 
 in 1897. Representing the State — Benton E. James, Montrose; Lee Brooks, 
 Canton; whose terms of office expire in 1899; Hon. H. B. Packer, Wellsboro, and 
 Dr. F. Q. Elliott, Mansfield, whose terms expire in 1898, and David Cameron, 
 Wellsboro, and F. M. Allen, Mansfield, whose terms expire in 1897. The honorary 
 trustees are Hon. S. B. Elliott, Hon. C. V. Elliott, Peter V. Van Ness and Albert 
 Sherwood. The officers of the board are, D. H. Pitts, president; J. A. Elliott, 
 secretary, and Edward H. Boss, treasurer. 
 
 The Alumni Association of the State Normal School of Mansfield was chartered 
 February 11, 1871. Its object is "to encourage and foster among the graduates 
 of the State ^STormal School," "the spirit of friendship and self-improvement by 
 an annual re-union." The present officers are, W. W. Allen, president; C. J. 
 Beach, vice-president; Jennie Parrer Avery, secretary; Joseph S. Hoard, treasurer, 
 and F. M. Allen, Anna Peck Capell, Maud Gates, Mary L. Shaw and Lucy Ransom 
 Longstreet, executive committee. 
 
 SOLDIEKS' ORPHAN HOME. 
 
 This institution was founded by Prof. F. A. Allen, who opened it October 1, 
 1867, having previously made application to the superintendent of Soldiers' 
 Orphans for twenty-five boys and twenty-five girls. The school was first kept in 
 an old store building, but later larger and better buildings were secured, one of 
 them being the present Allen House. The attendance the first year was sixty- 
 three pupils. Each year witnessed an increase, until there were over 200 pupils 
 in the school. In 1872 a farm of 150 acres near the borough was purchased, in 
 order to give employment and instruction to the boys. After Professor Allen's 
 death, in 1880, his widow carried on the school, assisted by Vine R. Pratt, who 
 had been connected with it almost from the beginning. In 1890 the schoo'l was 
 moved to Hartford, and J. Miller Clark, of Mansfield, appointed superintendent. 
 
^^^A^^s^i^^ 
 
MANSFIELD BOEOUGH. 585 
 
 BUSINESS COLLEGES. 
 
 The Mansfield Business College was opened in the spring of 1883, the of&eers 
 being Eev. J. T. Brownell, president; C. S. Eoss, secretary; E. D. Westbrook, 
 principal of penmanship department; C. V. Ireton, principal of department of 
 telegraphy; Hugh Eoss, principal of department of phonography. In 1886 T. 
 P. Jones succeeded to the management. He was succeeded by J. N. Smoot, who 
 carried it on until 1894, when it was discontinued. 
 
 The Allen Business College was opened in May, 1883, by P. M. Allen, who 
 carried it on for two years, when he became connected with the Williamsport 
 Commercial College and discontinued his school here. 
 
 LATER INDUSTRIES AND ENTERPRISES. 
 
 TU Mansfield Tannery, the oldest manufacturing enterprise in the borough, 
 was established in 1840, by Capt. Ezra Da\ds. In the fall of 1865 Ealph E. 
 Kingsley acquired a half interest in it, and in 1868 became sole owner. He 
 associated with him his son, C. S. Kingsley, and the firm continued as E. E. Kings- 
 ley & Son, until the father's death, December 36, 1893, since which time C. S. 
 Kingsley has carried on the business. It is devoted to the tanning of upper leather, 
 has a capacity of 80 to 100 sides per day, and gives work to ten employes. 
 
 The Sun Milling Company— the principal proprietary interest being in 
 Charles S. Eoss— operates the roller grist-mill in the western part of the borough. 
 This mill was established as a water-power, buhr-mill, in 1850, by Terrence 
 Smythe. In 1857 it was purchased by Clark W. Bailey, and operated by himself, 
 his sons, T. H. and J. W. Bailey, and lesees, until 1890, when it passed into the 
 hands of the Sun Milling Company. It is now a full roller-mill, has a capacity 
 of seventy-five barrels a day, and is devoted to merchant and custom work. 
 "Water and steam power are both used. A. "W. Stephenson is manager, and H. 
 B. Breon, superintendent. 
 
 The Tioga Iron Worhs, for many yeaxs Mansfield's most important manufac- 
 turing enterprise, was established in 1854, by a company with $50,000 capital, con- 
 sisting of John F. Donaldson, Dr. Joseph P. Morris, S. F. Wilson and William 
 Bache, for the purpose of manufacturing pig iron from ore obtainable three miles 
 west of the borough. The furnace was erected by Charles F. Swan. The plant 
 afterwards became the property of Sehaaber & Johnston, of Eeading, who operated 
 it until about 1870, when it was shut down. In 1883 Col. E". A. Elliott was appointed 
 the agent of the owners to dispose of the plant and real estate, which he has since 
 sold. 
 
 Bailey's Steam Saw-Mill was erected in 1860 by Clark W. Bailey. In it was 
 used the first circular saw seen in this section. In 1866 Mr. Bailey sold it to his 
 sons, T. H. and J. W. Bailey. It was burned in 1877 and rebuilt and burned again 
 in 1889, and not rebuilt. 
 
 Edward Doane & Company have, since 1881, operated a planing-mill, sash and 
 door factory in the old woolen-factory building near the depot. This enterprise 
 was started in 1868 by S. B. Elliott, with whom M. L. Clark was afterwards asso- 
 ciated. 
 
586 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mart King's Furniture Factory was built in 1869^ on the west side of the rail- 
 road, northwest from the depot, by Mart King. It was first devoted to the manu- 
 facture of bedsteads. On December 24, 1870, it was destroyed by fire, rebuilt in 
 the following spring, and a general line of furniture manufactured. July 4, 1884, 
 it was again destroyed by fire, but was not rebuilt. At this time Mr. King was 
 operating, in connection with it, a steam laundry, which was doing a laxge business. 
 
 The Banking House of Boss & Williams was established May 34, 1872, by 
 Andrew J. Eoss and Philip Williams. Mr. Eoss remained the senior partner until 
 his death, August 18, 1875. In the summer of 1878, having become of age, his 
 oldest son, Charles S. Eoss, who had previously been employed as a clerk, entered 
 the partnership as the representative of his father's interest. Mr. "Williams died 
 in July, 1894, and Mr. Eoss carried on the business until January 1, 1895, as sur- 
 viving partner, when he became sole proprietor. The use of the old name is con- 
 tinued. This bank is ably and conservatively managed and is regarded as one of 
 the strongest and soundest financial institutions in this section of the State. 
 
 Smyfhe Parle, situated near the central part of the borough, on what was for- 
 merly known as the "Island," contains twenty-five acres of land. It was opened 
 in July, 1879, and named after Dr. H. G. Smythe. It is owned and managed by 
 the Smythe Park Association, incorporated, the officers of which are as follows: 
 
 C. S. Eose, president; D. J. Butts, vice-president; J. A. Elliott, secretary, and W. 
 
 D. Husted, treasurer. Here is held annually the Mansfield agricultural, mechanical 
 and industrial fair. The park is also used for picnics, ball games, bicycle races, etc. 
 Except during the fair or other special occasions, when an admission is charged, 
 this park is open to the public. 
 
 The New Era Mills, on Main street near Corey creek, were erected in 1882 by 
 the New Era Manufacturing Company, composed of Albert Sherwood, L. L. Flower, 
 Clark B. Sherwood and Andrew Sherwood. The plant, which originally consisted 
 of a four-run steam grist-mill and a clothes pin factory, cost $12,000. The clothes 
 pin factory has been discontinued. Since July, 1893, the grist-mill has been 
 operated by Strait & Kingsley. It is devoted to merchant and custom milling. 
 
 The Boss Cigar Company, composed of C. S. and E. H. Eoss, is the successor 
 of the Voorhees Cigar Company, established in Mansfield May 1, 1884. The present 
 company has owned the factory since May 1, 1889. About sixty hands are em- 
 ployed and 10,000 cigars a day manufactured. The principal brands are the 
 "Supreme Court" and the "Sidman." The factory is located on the east side of 
 Main street, south of Wellsboro street. 
 
 The Mansfield Opera House Company (Limited), proprietors of the Mansfield 
 Opera House, was incorporated November 19, 1888, the incorporators being the 
 members of the Mansfield Hook and Ladder Company. The first officers were Frank 
 
 E. Yan Keuren, president; A. E. Backer, secretary; C. S. Eoss, treasurer, and Frank 
 E. Van Keuren, C. S. Eoss, A. E. Backer, H. E. Metcalf and John Van Osten, man- 
 agers. The opera house is a handsome two-story brick, on the north side of Wells- 
 boro street, east of Main street. The borough building, also, a two-story brick, in 
 which are located the borough oifices and the fire department, adjoins it on the 
 west. 
 
 The Mansfield Foundry and Machine Shops, on South Main street, were estab- 
 
MANSFIELD BOROUGH. 587 
 
 lished in 1890 by Moore & Hanson, who were succeeded in 1892 by Moore & Tomlin- 
 son. The plant is devoted to the manufacture of agricultural implements and to 
 general repairing. 
 
 The Paisley Woolen Company, capital $40,000, was organized September 31, 
 1892, with the following officers: Alexander McLachlan, president and superin- 
 tendent; Charles S. Eoss, secretary; Philip Williams, treasurer. The plant, which 
 comprises the latest improved machinery, occupies a building 150x50, with an engine 
 room 100x25 feet, in the southern part of the borough, and is devoted to the manu- 
 facture of shawls. 
 
 'The Mansfield Board of Trade was incorporated April 8, 1892, with the follow- 
 ing officers: H. F. Kingsley, president; Dr. J. M. Barden, first vice-president; F. 
 W. Clark, second vice-president; W. D. Husted, secretary; M. L. Clark, treasurer, 
 and P. Williams, D. H. Pitts and D. J. Butts, trustees. There were 123 charter 
 members. The object of this association is "the promotion of the prosperity of 
 Mansfield, and the advancement of its business interests. 
 
 The Mansfield Wood Novelty Worlcs was organized June 13, 1892, with a capital 
 of $20,000. The officers were as follows: M. L. Clark, president; C. S. Eoss, secre- 
 tary; P. Williams, treasiu'er, and C. S. Eoss, H. E. Metcalf, D. H. Pitts, M. L. Clark 
 and C. S. Kingslej^, directors. The plant is located a short distance south of Corey 
 creek, on the east side of the railroad, and is devoted to the manufacture of a mis- 
 cellaneous list of articles out of native woods. When run to its fullest capacity it 
 employs about fifty men. L. W. Obourn is the superintendent. 
 
 The Mansfield Building and Loan Association was chartered May 23, 1893, 
 with an authorized capital of $1,000,000. The officers were as follows: F. E. Van 
 Keuren, president; J. A. Elliott, secretary; W. W. Allen, treasurer, and F. E. Van 
 Keuren, M. E. Gillett, T. W. Judge, J. S. Hoard, 0. B. Smith, E. A. Spencer, M. 
 H. Shepard, S. E. Coles and T. F. Eolason, directors. Its object is to promote the 
 building interests of the borough. 
 
 The Mansfield Water Company, of which J. A. Elliott is the superintendent, 
 was organized in 1893. The stockholders are non-residents, the principal ones 
 being ex-Lieutenant- Governor Watres and Hon. Lemuel Ammerman, of Scranton. 
 Gravity system is used, the source of supply being Seeley creek, in the northwest 
 part of the township. 
 
 The Mansfield Chair Company was organized in October, 1893, by A. H. and 
 C. F. Laasch, with a capital of $5,000. The shops, two in number, are situated 
 near the railroad, east of the IsTovelty Works. Ten men are employed in the manu- 
 facture of chairs, tables, sofas and furniture. 
 
 NEWSPAPEHS. 
 
 In 1856 I. M. Euekman started a paper in Mansfield called The Balance. This 
 name was subsequently changed to the Mansfield Express. About 1857 the plant 
 was removed to Kansas, and during the anti-slavery agitation was thrown into the 
 Missouri river. Among the editors in Mansfield were S. B. Elliott and Col. J. S. 
 Hoard. In 1872 The Valley Enterprise was removed from Lawrenceville to Mans- 
 field, by H. C. Mills, who was succeeded a& editor by V. A. Elliott. It was pur- 
 chased by 0. D. Goodenough, who, on January 21, 1875, changed its name to the 
 
588 HISTORY Oy TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mansfield Advertiser. He was succeeded by D. A. Famham, Pratt & Goodenougli 
 and "W. A. Eowland, from whom, on May 6, 1885, Frank B. Van Keuren purchased 
 it. In the following July, Sheridan. E. Coles became a partner, and the paper has 
 since been published by them under the firm name of Van Keuren & Coles. It is 
 a home^print, eight-column folio, devoted to local interests, is well edited and has 
 a good circulation. 
 
 CHUBCHES AND CEMBTEBIES. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Richmond was organized July 5, 1832, at the 
 house of Eev. Asa Donaldson, by the Eev. David Higgins and the Rev. Elisha D. 
 Wells, a committee appointed by the Presbytery of Bath. The names of the original 
 members are as follows: Amariah Eobbins, Joel Harkness, Joseph Thompson, John 
 Backer, John W. Donaldson, Timothy Orvis, John Kell'ey, Mary Cooley, Hannah 
 Kelley, Thanks Webster, Delia Donaldson, Emily Sexton, Anna Finks, Eoxalana 
 Brown and Eachel Orvis. The minutes of the meeting axe signed by Eev. Asa 
 Donaldson, who had previously conducted meetings in the old school house on 
 Wellsboro street, and was instrumental in bringing about the organization of the 
 church, the early membership of which included all the persons of the Presbyterian 
 faith in Eichmond, Tioga and Sullivan townships. The election of ruling elders 
 was deferred until April 9, 1834, when Amariah Eobbins and Holly Seely were 
 chosen. The first session met at Tioga May 17, 1834, when Mrs. Catherine M. Wick- 
 ham, Miss Betsey Mather, Miss Abigail Preston, Jonas B. Shurtliff and wife and 
 Mrs. Martha Graves were admitted to membership and constituted a branch of the 
 church in Eichmond. Mr. Donaldson, the pastor, severed his connection with the 
 church in 1837, and moved to Illinois. On August 3, 1839, John Kelley and 
 Joseph Eobbins were chosen ruling elders. The meeting of the session on February 
 10, 1841, was presided over by Eev. P. H. Fowler. The last entry in the minute 
 book was made June 27, 1857, and notes the election of Lorin Butts as ruling elder, 
 to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Amariah Eobbins. This church purchased 
 and worshiped in a building— erected for a wagon shop by a man named Hilton, on 
 the southeast corner of Main and Sherwood streets — and about three acres of land. 
 The present Baptist church stands on part of this land. The church, as an active 
 body, passed out of existence in the early fifties. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Mansfield was first organized as a branch of the 
 Sullivan Baptist church April 10, 1840, by members of the Baptist faith residing 
 in Mansfield and vicinity. The members of this branch were Deacon Daniel Sher- 
 wood and Anna, his wife; Hon. D. L. Sherwood and Maria, his wife; E. P. Clark and 
 Fanny, his wife; Oliver Elliott, Thomas Jerald, Martha Utter and Lorena Eipley, 
 together with Eev. Abijah Sherwood and Maria, his wife. On April 1, 1843, the 
 above named members organized an independent Baptist church to be known as the 
 Baptist church of Mansfield. Eev. Abijah Sherwood served as pastor until 1860, 
 with the exception of the years 1853 and 1853, when Eev. G. W. Stone filled the 
 pulpit, and 1853 and 1854, when it was filled by Eev. W. P. Maryatt. The succeed- 
 ing pastors have been as follows: Eevs. jST. L. Eeynolds, 1860-66; G. P. Watrous, 
 1866-67 and 1869-73; J. W. Henry, 1867-68; J. E. Bell, 1874-75; H. Bray, 1875- 
 78; J. M. Eighter, 1878-81; S. Early, 1881-83; A. W. H. Hodder, 1884- ' F H. 
 Cooper, 1885; H. S. Quillen, 1891; Charles DeWoody, 1892, and F. W. Eeynolds, 
 
MANSFIELD BOHOUGH. 589 
 
 the present pastor^ who took charge in April, 1893. The church was incorporated 
 March 38, 1873. The church building, erected in 1848-49, on the noi'theast corner 
 of Main and Sherwood streets, was replaced in 1888 by the present handsome brick 
 edifice, at a cost of $7,000. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Mansfield was formally organized 
 February 20, 1845. At an early day itinerant preachers of this denomination visited 
 the settlers in the Tioga valley, and held meetings in dwellings, barns and the open 
 air. They were ardent, earnest and oftentimes eloquent evangelists, and upon the 
 occasion of their visits the people came many miles to hear them. These occasional 
 services were held in Mansfield until 1841, after which services were held at stated 
 times. Febrviary 10, 1845, a petition was presented to the conference, signed by 
 S. F. Utter, H. G. Martin, P. Doud, Elijah Clark, Eussell Davis, Alvin Gaylord, E. 
 C. Shaw, Isaiah Seelye and P. M. Clark, asking to be incorporated as the First 
 Methodist Episcopal church of Mansfield. This petition was granted on the 20th 
 of the same month. The first trustees of the church were Elijah Clark, Simeon 
 F. Utter, Phineas M. Clark, Eodney C. Shaw, Alvin Gaylord, John Cochran and 
 Marvin Perry. The names of the pastors who have served this church are as fol- 
 lows: Eevs. I. Smith, 1841; E. H. Cranmer, 1841-43; E. M. Eeach and M. Scott, 
 1843; J. Ashworth and S. Mehols, 1844; E. Pinder, 1845; E. L. Stillwell, 1846-47; 
 0. Trowbridge, 1848-49; W. C. Mattison, 1850; A. H. ShurtlifE, 1851; W. Man- 
 ning, 1853-53; L. L. Eogers, 1854-55; J. E. Jaques, 1856; H. K Seaver, 1857; E. 
 L. Stillwell, 1858-59; E. A. Drake and W. Beach, 1860; E. A. Drake aoid W. Coch- 
 ran, 1861; W. Cochran, 1863; W. M. Haskell, 1863-64; H. Lamkin, 1865-67; H. 
 T. Giles, W. Beach, L. Beach and L. D. Watson, 1868; W. D. Taylor, 1869-71; J. 
 T. Canfield, 1872; H. S. Parkhurst, 1873-74; G. C. Jones, 1875-76; H. Vosburgh, 
 1877; H. C. Moyer, 1878-80; J. T. Brownell, 1881-82; D. W. Smith, 1883-84; W. 
 A. Ely, 1884-86; W. S. H. Hermans, 1886-89; David Keppel, 1889-92; A. K 
 Damon, 1893-93; E. J. Eosengrant, 1894-97. 
 
 The first services were held in a building erected for a wagon shop, at the corner 
 of Main and Sherwood streets, opposite the Baptist church, and afterwards in the 
 old school building at the comer of Wellsboro and Academy streets. In 1849 the 
 building on the corner of Main and Elmira streets, now used by the Universalist 
 congregation, was erected at a cost of $1,600. April 17, 1873, the present build- 
 ing, on the northwest corner of Wellsboro and Academy streets, was dedicated. It 
 is of brick, has a seating capacity of six hundred, cost $16,000, and is one of the 
 finest church edifices in the county. In May, 1895, the E. P. Clark homestead, 
 adjoining the church on the north, was purchased and remodeled for a parsonage, at 
 a cost of $2,500. The church now numbers 538 members. There are 300 pupils 
 and teachers in the Sunday-school, of which F. M. Allen is the superintendent. 
 The young people of this church are members of Epworth League, Chapter No. 1083, 
 of which George L. Strait is president. 
 
 St. James' Protestant Episcopal Church originated in a Sunday-school started 
 by William Hollands in March, 1865, of which Mrs. James E. Wilson, Mrs. Joseph 
 P. Morris and others were active members. Mr. Hollands acted as lay reader until 
 April, 1866, when -Eev. N'. Barrows became rector, after which services were held 
 regularly in the Baptist church, which had been rented for that purpose. A church 
 
590 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 was organized, of which "William Hollands and Charlotte, his wife; Mrs. Sarah E. 
 Morris, James R. Wilson and Margaret, his wife; Eobert Crossley and Mary, his wife; 
 Frederick Hart, Josephine and Irene Stewart, were members. A charter of incor- 
 poration was obtained May 30, 1867. The necessary funds for a building were 
 secured, the cornerstone laid September 13, 1868, by Bishop Stevens, and the build- 
 ing completed and opened for worship December 21, 1870, the cost, including bell 
 and organ, being $7,500. It is located on the southwest corner of Wellsboro and 
 St. James streets. On April 24, 1871, the church was dedicated by Bishop Stevens, 
 the of&cers at the time being James E. Wilson, senior warden; William Hollands, 
 junior warden; E. Crossley, A. J. Eoss, F. A. Stewart, P. A. Allen and J. P. Morris, 
 vestrymen. The lot on which the church stands was the gift of Dr. and Mrs. Joseph 
 P. Morris; the bell, weighing 1,140 pounds and costing $500.00, and a fine pipe organ 
 costing $800.00, were presented by Charles E. Smith, of Philadelphia, and many 
 valuable tokens were received from Mrs. Edgar, of New York; Mrs. Margaret Wil- 
 son, Mrs. Sarah E. Morris, Mrs. Vesta King, Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Allen and others. 
 Eev. K. Barrows, the first rector, served from 1866 to 1875. His successors have 
 been Eevs. William Marshall, 1875-80; P. P. Pugett, 1880; B. P. Brown, 1881-84; 
 M. Karcher, 1885-87; J. B. Blanchard, 1888; William Du Hamel, 1890; P. S. Hip- 
 kins, 1892-94. Eev. Francis McPetrich took charge in November, 1895, and 
 remained until March, 1897. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Mansfield was organized April 29, 1870, by Eev. 
 Dr. J. D. Mitchell, Eev. C. Otis Thatcher and Hon. H. W. Williams, a committee 
 appointed by the Presbyte^ of Wellsboro, at Tioga. The names of the origiaal 
 members of the church are as follows: Charles H. Verrill, William Hutchinson, 
 Mrs. Fidelia Hutchinson, Mrs. Harriet IST. Hxmt, Miss Nettie H. Hunt, Miss Emma 
 E. Hunt, Ealph E. Kingsley, Mrs. Sarah Kingsley, Mrs. Eliza Kingsley, Miss Caro- 
 line M. Kingsley, Mrs. Lottie E. Hoyt, Mrs. C. E. Elliott, Charles Thompson, Mrs. 
 James Hoard, Mrs. Mary E. Spencer and Mrs. Lavina Eeynolds. Charles H. 
 Verrill and William Hutchinson were elected ruling elders. At this meeting Mr. 
 and Mrs. 0. V. Elliott, Miss Emma A. Elliott and Miss Lelia S. Coles were admitted 
 to membership on profession of faith. Eev. Joseph A. Eosseel, the first pastor, 
 served until 1875. His successors have been as follows: Eev. S. C. McElroy, 
 1875-76; George D. Meigs, 1876-82; William F. Carter, 1882-85; George N. 
 Eogers, supply, 1885; J. B. Woodward, 1888-90; W. T. Schofield, D. D., supply 
 from November, 1892, to April, 1893, and Eev. Charles E. Hoyt, who served from 
 January, 1894, to October, 1896. The church building, located on the north side 
 of Wellsboro street, east of Main, was erected in 1875, at a cost, with the lot, of 
 $2,800. It was enlarged in 1894 at a cost of $1,000. The church numbers eighty 
 members. In the Sunday-school are ninety pupils and teachers. Prof. W. E. 
 Longstreet was superintendent from 1886 to 1895. John P. Bates is the present 
 superintendent. 
 
 The Universalist Church was organized in 1880, its members consisting of Eev. 
 J. S. Palmer and family, P. S. Eipley, Dr. J. A. Cole, Freeman Shaw, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Strait and Mrs. Laura Kohler. Miss Emma Bailey served this church as pastor 
 for ten years. Eev. J. S. Palmer became the pastor in January, 1895. The old 
 Methodist Episcopal church building at the corner of Main and Elmira streets was 
 
MANSFIBLD BOROUGH. 591 
 
 purchased by this society in 1883, and has since been used as its house of worship. 
 
 The Simday-sehool numbers twenty-five pupils. Frank Howe is the superintendent. 
 A Roman Catholic Sunday-Scliool was organized in 1887, and is under the 
 
 charge of the pastor of the church at Blossburg. John Gibson is the president. 
 
 There is aJQ average attendance of fifty pupils, who meet in a hall over D. H. Pitts' 
 
 store, on Main street. 
 
 Hope Cemetery, situated west of Main street, on the hill north of Corey creek, 
 
 has been a burial place since the earlier years of Mansfield's history. Here rest the 
 
 remains of many of the pioneers of the borough and the township, a number of 
 those originally interred in private burial grounds having been removed hither in 
 more recent years. The old burial plot is now owned by the borough, and the 
 vacant lots, or those that may become vacant by removals, are free. The additions 
 made during later years are owned by Andrew Sherwood and Mrs. Jane M. Allen, 
 from whose lands they were taken. 
 
 Oakwood Cemetery Company, capital $5,000, organized August 11, 1890, owns 
 a cemetery plot of eleven acres in the northeastern pai-t of the borough. The 
 officers of the company are as follows: D. H. Pitts, president; 0. Newell, vice- 
 president; J. S. Hoard, secretary; C. S. Eoss, treasurer; D. H. Pitts, J. S. Hoard 
 and C. S. Eoss, directors. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Friendship Lodge, No. 2Jf7, F. & A. Y. M., was organized July 1, 1850, with 
 the following officers and charter members: Josiah N". "Wright, W. M.; Lorin Butts, 
 S. W.; Thomas Mantor, J. W., and James Husted, Ambrose Millard, Daniel Lamb, 
 John Lownsbery and Lorin Lamb. The lodge met in a building on the corner of 
 Main and Sherwood streets. March 1, 1853, the lodge moved to Covington and 
 continued there until October 29, 1860, when it returned to Mansfield and met in 
 the building now occupied by Shepard's store. On January 3, 1887, the charter 
 was surrendered to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, and on April 27, of the same 
 year, a new charter was secured and the lodge reorganized with Dr. Wentworth D. 
 Vedder, "W. M.; Charles S. Eoss, S. "W.; Elmer E. Backer, J. W.; Burr E. Bailey, 
 T., and Frank E. Van Keuren, S., and Isaac Squires, ISForthrup Smith, John S. 
 Murdough, Benjamin Jones and Clement T. Paine, members. The lodge met in 
 a hall over H. F. Kingsley's store, until April, 1895, when it moved into a new hall 
 in the Eeese & Farrer building on Wellsboro street, which had been fitted up at a 
 cost of $800.00. The living past masters of this lodge are as follows: A. M. Spencer, 
 John S. Murdough, Jerome P. Kingsley, "Wentworth D. Vedder, M. D., Frank E. 
 Van Keuren, Homer F. Kingsley, Frank H. Cooper, Milton E. Goodall and Clar- 
 ence H. Horton. 
 
 Mansfield Lodge, No. 526, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted February 8, 1889, with 
 the following officers and charter members: Sheridan E. Coles, N". G.; "W. H. Milo, 
 V. G.; B. J. Costley, S.; M. E. Goodall, A. S.; J. M. Barden, T.; A. "W. Gillet, E.. 
 S. K. G.; David Palmer, L. S. N. G.; C. H. Lawrence, "W. J. Devoe, C; F. L. 
 Graves, E. S. S.; Volney Eipley, L. S. S.; L. Goldmeyer, 0. G.; Eugene Doane, 
 I. G.; H. E. Metcalf, E. S. V. G.; Benjamin Moody, L. S. Y. G., and Frank Kohler, 
 L. A. Brewster, S. Clark Peake, "W. B. Jerald, Edward Doane, sitting P. N". G., L 
 
592 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 P. Lownsbery, P. M. Gillett, Byron Bartlett, John F. Pitts, G. E. Goodrich, J. H. 
 Geer and G. W. DaYis. The lodge numbers sixty members. 
 
 General Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. R., was organized August 14, 1875. The 
 officers and members were as follows: A. M. Pitts, C; 0. D. Goodenough, S. V. C; 
 C. S. Kingsley, J. V. C; F. M. Shaw, 0.; P. V. Clark, 0. D.; F. M. Spencer, 0. G.; 
 M. D. Bailey, A.; H. H. Lamb, S. M.; M. A. Cass, Q. S.; A. J. Brown, I. G.; E. 
 S. Keen, 0. G., and M. L. Clark, C. S. Kingsley, Henry Gaylord, John KUey, H. 
 
 B. Shaw, W. H. Matt, J. S. Palmer. Since the organization 188 members have 
 been mustered in. The commanders have been as follows: A. M. Pitts, 0. D. 
 Goodenough, H. H. Lamb, H. C. Bailey, M. L. Clark, A. J. Brown, C. S. Kingsley, 
 
 C. H. Eamsdell, H. H. Horton, Edward Doane, P. M. Shaw, 0. T. Haight, H. B. 
 Shaw, Dr. Benjamin Moody, M. E. Goodall and W. B. Hall. The post has a hand- 
 somely furnished hall in the Allen building. 
 
 General Mansfield Corps, No. 6, W. B. C, was organized March 3, 1890, with 
 the following officers and members: Esther M. Doane, P.; Prances E. Peterson, 
 S. V. P.; Maxtha E. Shaw, J. V. P.; Jennie L. Kingsley, S.; Celia C. Shaw, T.; 
 Elizabeth Howe, C; Alice M. Ingalls, C; Mina M. Parker, A. S.; Mary J. Pitts, 
 G.; Piuby A. Daily, G.; and Adelia L. Moody, Rene Dalton, Jennie "Welch. This 
 corps now numbers thirty members. 
 
 The Mansfield Club was organized January 14, 1896, with the following officers: 
 Edward H. Ross, P.; John P. Breidinger, Y. P.; Leon S. Channell, S., and Wilmot 
 
 D. Husted, T. This club, which is a social organization, has handsomely furnished 
 rooms in the opera house block. Its membership is made up of the representative 
 business and professional men of Mansfield. 
 
 Tioga Valley Grange, No. 918, P. of H., was organized February 16, 1890, with, 
 thirty-one charter members. The first officers were J. P. Pitts, M.; J. E. Rose, 0.; 
 Byron Bartlett, L.; Edwin Allen, S.; C. H. Horton, A. S.; W. W. Inscho, C; W. 
 B. Jerald, T.; Byron J. Costley, Sec; S. McConnell, G. K.; Mary E. Bartlett, C; 
 Julia E. Sturdivant, P.; Estelle Clark, P.; Nettie Allen, L. A. S. The present 
 membership of the lodge is ninety-six, and it embraces many of the leading farmers 
 of Richmond township. The meeting place is Allen's hall, in Mansfield. 
 
 Among the other societies in the borough ^.re Fidelity Union, ISTo. 333, E. A. 
 TJ., organized June 11, 1881; the Knights of Sobriety, Fidelity and Integrity, organ- 
 ized June 5, 1894, and AUadin Tent, ISTo. 230, K. 0. T. M., organized in the summer 
 
 of 1895. 
 
x^V C^<^i::z.'<^t.c^^ 
 
CHAPTEE L. 
 
 COVINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Original and Present Area— Drainage and Physical Features 
 — Population— Early Settlers— Early and Later Enterprises— Schools — 
 Postmasters and Justices— Churches, Cemeteries and Societies. 
 
 COVINGTON township was organized in February, 1815, and was taken from 
 Tioga township. Its original bonndaries included the township of Eiehmond, 
 the southern portion of Eutland, all of Sullivan, Ward, Union, Hamilton and Bloss, 
 the greater part of Liberty and the borough of Blossburg. As at present constituted 
 it is about eight and a quarter miles from east to west, by four and a half from north 
 to south, and contains about thirty-seven square miles. The Tioga river crosses 
 its southern boundary line, about a mile and a quarter east of the center, and pur- 
 sues a slightly winding course almost due north through the township. About 
 one-third of the area of the township lies to the east and two-thirds to the west of 
 the river. The tributaries of the river within the township are Barber run, which 
 flows from the east and unites with it within the Covington borough limits; Marvin, 
 or Copp Hollow rim, as it is also called, which flows from the west, and unites with 
 it above the borough; Howland run and Elk run, both of which flow from the west, 
 the confluence of the former being within the borough limits and of the latter near 
 the northern boundary line of the township. Canoe Camp creek pursues a north- 
 west course through the northeastern part of the township, and East creek a south- 
 western course through the southeastern part of the township. The entire township 
 is hilly, the southern portion especially being rugged and rocky. North, however, 
 of the mouth of Marvin r\m, the hills assume a gentler slope, and are, as a rule, imder 
 cultivation. Here and there a place too steep for ploughing is found, and is used 
 as a sheep range. Richly fertile and well-cultivated farms are to be found along 
 the river and in the valleys of the creeks. The forests of pine and hemlock which 
 taxed the energies of the early pioneers have disappeared, except in isolated areas 
 of a few acres. So long as they lasted they furnished employment for lumbermen 
 and for saw-mills, the last of which disappeared from the township years ago. 
 
 Covington is now one of the best agricultural townships in the county. Its 
 growth has been constant, and its material prosperity has kept pace with its increase 
 in population. In 1870 it had 811 inhabitants; in 1880, 1,134, and in 1890, 1,133. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 To Aaron Bloss belongs the honor of being the pioneer settler of Covington 
 township. He came from Chenango county, New York, in July, 1801, and located 
 about two miles below what is now Covington borough. After remaining a year 
 he removed to Peter's Camp, on the site of Blossburg, where he kept hotel until 
 1835, in which year he returned to Covington. Here he kept hotel in a building 
 
594 HISTOKY OJF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 near the southwest corner of the public square, until a short time before his death, 
 March 24, 1843. This building was torn down in the fall of 1895. His remains 
 and those of his wife, who died April 17, 1839, repose in the cemetery south of Cov- 
 ington borough. The next to settle was David demons, who located three miles 
 south of Covington borough, near the southern line of the township, on the farm 
 now owned by W. J. Eichards. He came from Vermont in 1806, and was the first 
 person to mine Blossburg coal for shipment, hauling an occasional load overland 
 to Painted Post. 
 
 Aaron Gillett, who settled in Tioga township in 1798, removed to Cherry Flats 
 about 1804. L. L. Washburn, now a resident of Soaring Branch, says his father 
 cleared the land at Cherry Flats, before 1806, on which Levi Elliott, who came into 
 the township in 1808, settled in 1813. Elijah Putnam, a native of Worcestei 
 county, Massachusetts, came from Langdon, Cheshire county, Massachusetts, in 
 1809, and settled east of the borough, on the farm now owned by John Cleveland. 
 Asahel Graves came in 1811, from Peru, Bennington county, Vermont, and settled 
 on Elk run. Tilly Marvin came in 1817 from New Hampshire and settled on the 
 west side of the river, near the mouth of Marvin creek. He was four times mar- 
 ried, and was the father of twenty-four children. Abotit 1825 Ephraim B. 
 Gerould, a native of Newtown, Connecticut, settled just east of the borough. Among 
 other early settlers were John Copp, who located in "Copp Hollow," west of 
 Tilly Marvin; Alonzo Eeddington, James Pettis, Jonathan Jennings, Isaac Bliss 
 and Abraham Johnson, who settled on Elk run. Mr. Bliss was the father of P. 
 P. Bliss, the celebrated evangelist, who lost his life in the railroad disaster at Ashta- 
 bula, Ohio, December 30, 1876. The early settlers along the State road were Nor- 
 man Rockwell and Avery Gillett. John Jaquish settled on Canoe Camp creek, 
 near the Eichmond township line, in 1838, on the farm now owned by his son, 
 Charles Jaquish. About 1830 Lyman and Calvin Frost settled on Canoe Camp 
 creek, east of Covington borough. Their brothers, Samuel, James and Elias, came 
 later. These five brothers were the foimders of the "Frost Settlement." They 
 have left numerous descendants. After 1830 the township filled up rapidly, the 
 valleys of the river and creeks being the first to be cleared and cultivated. 
 
 EAELY AND LATER BNTEEPEISES. 
 
 In 1823 Daniel Harkness erected a distillery on the hillside east of the Glass 
 Works. This he appears to have disposed of a year later to Isaac Walker, Jr. It 
 was discontinued in 1836. In 1834 Daniel Harkness erected a grist-mill on the 
 Tioga river, south of the borough limits. In 1834 the mill was transferred to 
 James Husted, who operated it until 1837, when it became the property of Isaac 
 Baker, who was succeeded by Israel L. Wells in 1840, who ran it until 1842 when 
 it became the property of Joseph Hubbell. It was burned soon afterward, and on 
 Its site Mr. Hubbell erected a large three-story mill. This mill was aiterwards 
 operated by D. S. Diffenbaugh and by Evans & Brown. It was also destroyed by 
 fire. In 1873 the present mill, which is operated by C. F. King, was erected, on 
 a site near the old mills. It is a water-power mill, devoted to custom grinding 
 T . t!^? factory was erected in 1834, near the grist-mill, by William Hagenbach, 
 In 1836 he disposed of it to George C. Kress. In 1837 a saw-mill was erected and 
 
COYINGTON TOWNSHIP. 595 
 
 operated in connection with the factory. It is related that the sash made in this 
 factory were hauled overland to Pine creek, and rafted down that stream to Wil- 
 liamsport and below. This was in addition to shipments by railroad into southern 
 New York. In 1846 the enterprise was assessed to Weatherbee & Kress, who car- 
 ried it on until 1848, when D. S. & W. H. Ireland became the owners. A year later 
 D. S. Ireland became sole owner and carried it on for a number of years. 
 
 In 1837 Lyman Frost erected a saw-mill on Canoe Camp creek, in the "Frost 
 Settlement." This he operated for a number of years. In 1839 Boyd & Cleaver 
 erected a saw-mill near the mouth of Elk run. In this mill oak plank, seventy to 
 eighty feet in length, for use in building canal boats, were sawed. After Mr. Boyd's 
 death, in 1843, the mill became the property of Edwin Dyer. He ran it until 1848, 
 when it was turned into a tannery, operated by Edward Milliken and Nathan 
 Gitchell. It was destroyed by fire about 1851. In 1839 Asahel Culver built a 
 saw-mill on Elk run, just below Cherry Flats, and in 1841 erected a grist-mill. 
 These mills were sold to Joel Beebe, who ran the grist-mill until about 1853 and 
 the saw-mill until 1863 or 1863. In 1843 Joseph Jaquish erected a saw-mill on 
 Canoe Camp creek, near the Eichmond township line. This he ran for several years. 
 Levi ElHott and his sons, N. A. and Levi H. Elliott, built a saw-mill at Cherry 
 Flats, which they ran about ten years. The "Elk Horn mill" was erected on Elk 
 run, on the Eockwell place, about 1847, by Francis Weatherbee, Benjamin Kress 
 and Orrin Day "Weeks. It was operated until about 1870. About 1854 a saw-mill 
 was erected just above the Edwin Klock place, by Abraham Johnson and Thomas 
 Goodenow. It was operated for a number of years. In 1853 Irving Harkness estab- 
 lished a tannery at Cherry Flats, which he operated until 1854. 
 
 Tlie Covington Glass Works were erected in 1850 by David Hurlbut, south of 
 the borough. After being operated by many owners, they passed into the control 
 of Hirseh, Ely & Company, of Blossburg, abotit 1880, and were carried on by them 
 for about ten years. For the past five years the works have been operated by a com- 
 pany composed of citizens of Covington. A fine quality of window glass is manu- 
 factured, and employment given to about fifty persons. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Previous to the enactment of the public-school law in 1835, the schools of the 
 township were supported by subscription. The first school houses were log struc- 
 tures, crude in construction and primitive in appointments. Among the earliest 
 were those erected in the Frost Settlement, in Copp Hollow, at Cherry Flats and 
 at "West Covington. After the pubhc school law went into effect the township was 
 divided into districts, and a better class of school houses^ erected. As the township 
 increased in population the original districts were sub-divided, until in 1896 there 
 were thirteen districts, in which school is maintained dming six months of the year. 
 Good teachers, generally graduates of the State Normal School at Mansfield, are 
 employed, and good wages paid. The schools rank among the best public schools 
 of the county. 
 
596 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 POSTMASTEES AXD JUSTICES. 
 
 The postoffice of West Covington, the only one in the township, was established 
 in 1869. Edwin Kloek was postmaster until July, 1875, when Prancis Kelley, the 
 present incumbent, was appointed. The offiee is located in the Elk Eun valley, two 
 miles and a half northeast of Cherry Plats, on the stage route between Wellsboro and 
 Mansfield. 
 
 The following named persons have held the office of justice of the peace in the 
 township: John Gray, 1816; re-appointed, 1835; Eli Critchell, 1819; Isaac Dewey, 
 1832; John Cochran, 1824; Ebenezer Eipley, 1834; John Marvin, 1835; re- 
 appointed, 1835; Almon Allen, 1837; Ephraim B. G-erould, 1837; Thomas Dyer, 
 1837; James C. Turner, 1838; John Shafiier, 1838; Thomas Putnam, 1830; re- 
 elected, 1845; David Hazzard, 1830; Eufus Smith, 1831; Dajiiel N. Hunt, 1833; 
 Martin Eobinson, 1833; Alanson Miller, 1834; Solon Eichards, 1835; William 
 Hill, 1835; Alfred Eipley, 1836; Evan Harris, 1837; Edwin Dyer, 1838; re-elected, 
 1840; Isaac Drake, 1838; Benjamia Kress, 1845; George Knox, 1850; Calvin 
 Newell, 1850; Josiah Graves, 1851; Eichard Videan, 1853; N. A. Elliott, 185G; 
 James T. Prost, 1859; N. A. Elliott, 1861; S. P. Eichards, 1864; re-elected, 1875; 
 Silas S. Eockwell, 1866; 11. G. Martin, 1867; re-elected, 1872, 1877, 1883; Joseph 
 Whiting, 1869; S. C. Watkins, 1883; re-elected, 1887; J. B. Pord, 1887; re-elected, 
 1893; Charles Jaquish, 1890. 
 
 CHUECHES, CEMETEEIES AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Cherry Flats originated in a class 
 formed about thirty years ago. On June 9, 1877, the society was incorporated, the 
 incorporators being D. G. Edwards, S. H. Wood, Thomas E. Bowen, George Cramer 
 and H. G. Martin. In 1878 the present church building was completed and dedi- 
 cated. The church has been in the East Charleston charge since its organization 
 and is served by the pastors of the church at East Charleston, or Whitneyville. It 
 maintains a well attended Sunday-school and has a large membership. 
 
 The Second Adventist Church owns a neat building in Cherry Plats. The mem- 
 bers are residents of the western part of Covington and eastern part of Charleston. 
 A Sunday-school is also maintained. Adjoining the church is a cemetery. 
 
 The Covington Cemetery, just south of the borough, is the resting place of the 
 early settlers of the borough and vicinity. The first interments were made here 
 about 1835. Here repose the remains of Aaron Bloss and Euah (Lownsbury) Bloss, 
 his wife, of Isaac Walker, Ephraim B. Gerould and other early settlers. 
 
 The Gray Cemetery was established in 1881 on the Victor Gray place, west of 
 the river. The first body jpuried here was that of Charles Gray, a son of the owner 
 of the ground. This cemetery is neatly fenced and well taken care of. 
 
 The cemetery on the Lewis farm, on Elk run, has been used as a burial place 
 for many years. It is about a half mile east of West Covingion. . The remains of 
 a number of the early settlers of the Elk Eun valley are buried here. 
 
 Societies.— CoYington Borough Grange, No. 1016, P. of H., was organized 
 March 7, 1891, and now numbers twenty-seven members. It met in Covington 
 borough until December, 1894, when the place of meeting was changed to the resi- 
 dence of Bradley Wilkins, near West Covington. There is also a large and pros- 
 perous grange in the Frost Settlement. 
 
CHAPTEE LI. 
 
 COVINGTON BOEOUGH. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— Population— Early Settlers— Manufacturing 
 Enterprises— Early Hotel Keepers and Merchants— Borough Organiza- 
 tion AND Officials— Postmasters and Physicians— Newspapers— Schools- 
 Churches and Secret Societies. 
 
 COVINGTON borough^ created in May, 1831, was taken from Covington town- 
 ship, and is one of the oldest boroughs in the county. It is situated on both 
 sides of the Tioga river, the valley of which is between one-half and three-fourths of 
 a mile wide here, and nearly level, affording an excellent site for even a much larger 
 place than the borough has grown to be. The area embraced within the borough 
 limits is less than a square mile, the residence portion of the place extending on the 
 south into the township. The public square and business center is at the crossing 
 of the Williamson road, which runs north and south, and the State road, which runs 
 east and west. The former road was cut through the Tioga valley in 1793-93, and 
 the latter from Towanda, Bradford county, to Wellsboro, in 1808. At the crossing 
 of these roads the village grew, taking the name of "Covington Four Comers." The 
 tide of travel being over these two great thoroughfares, it soon became a place of im- 
 portance and was at one time the largest village in the county, having no less than 
 three hotels, besides several stores, shops, mills, etc. After the completion of the 
 Tioga railroad in 1840, it was the point from which freight for Wellsboro was shipped 
 overland, and continued so until the building of the Fall Brook railroad to the 
 latter place. Though lacking much of the bustle and activity of former years, 
 it is still a good business point, being in the midst of a rich, well-cultivated, 
 prosperous and productive portion of the county. In 1870 it had 315 inhabitants; 
 in 1880, 343, and in 1890, 496. 
 
 EABLT SBTTLEES. 
 
 Sherman Day in his "Historical Collections of Pennsylvania" says: 
 
 Mr. [Isaiah] Washburn, Mr. Elijah Putnam and Mr. Mallory settled at Covington 
 "corners" previous to 1806. Mr. [Aaron] Bloss and Mr. [Josiah] Hovey had settled about 
 the year 1801 two miles below. Mr. Sackett also lived near the same place. The land titles 
 were for a long' time in dispute between Connecticut and Pennsylvania claimants. 
 When at last they were settled in favor of Pennsylvania, or " Pennamites," as the " Con- 
 necticut Boys " called them, Mr. William Patton came in as their agent and laid out the 
 town, about the year 1823, and started a store and tavern. For some years the place in- 
 creased very slowly and was known as the corners. In 1831 it assumed the dignity of a 
 borough. 
 
 The first person to settle permanently on what afterwards became the 
 borough site, was Elijah Putnam, who bought a tract of land, partly within and 
 partly east of the borough limits. Peter Kelts, who had previously located at 
 
598 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mansfield, came soon after Elijah Putnam, whose daughter, Sally, he married 
 January 1, 1818. Isaac Walker came from Sew Hampshire in 1813, reaching the 
 borough site July 4. He settled on the farm west of the river now owned by 
 Charles Howland. John Conrad Youngman, the first hotel keeper, came before 
 1813. The house kept by him stood on the northwest comer of the square. 
 Christopher Huntington, the first blacksmith, was here as early as 1814 or 1815. 
 His name appears on the assessment list of the latter year. Elijah Gaylord came 
 in 1830, and located near the old sash factory. He afterward removed to Bloss- 
 burg, where he passed the reinaining years of his life. Samuel Barber came in 
 1825. He kept the hotel, established by Youngman, for a number of years. 
 Ephraim B. Gerould, a native of Newtown, Connecticut, came about 1835. He 
 built the first saw-mill in the borough and became prominent as a lumberman 
 and merchant. 
 
 In 1820 Thomas Dyer came from Amherst, New Hampshire, and settled in 
 the southern part of Eichmond township. About 1835 he moved his family to 
 Covington. His son, Edwin, soon afterward opened a store here and became the 
 leading merchant and foremost citizen of the place. In 1837 Ira Patehen came 
 from Bath, Steuben county, New York, and opened a gunsmith shop, continuing 
 in business until his death, April 11, 1895. 
 
 The above named were the principal settlers during the earlier years of the 
 borough's history. Others there were who came and remained temporarily, be- 
 longing to the restless class, who followed up the pioneers, and found more interest 
 and excitement in making new locations than in settling down permanently in 
 any one place. They belonged to a large class who have left but a fleeting memory 
 behind them, but who were, nevertheless, adventurous and daring, if not at all 
 times as enterprising and industrious as those who remained and assisted in the 
 upbuilding of town and country. 
 
 MANtJFACTUEING ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The assessment list of Covington township for 1818 shows that William Pat- 
 ton, proprietor of much of the land now embraced within the borough limits, was 
 the owner of a saw-mill. The exact location of this mill cannot now be de- 
 termined. It stood in Mr. Patton's name until 1819, when it appears to have 
 been transferred to Peter Kelts, son-in-law of Major Elijah Putnam. He was 
 succeeded as owner, in 1823, by Thomas Prosser, who owned it until 1825, when 
 it disappears from the assessment list altogether. In 1823 Hiram Thomas, "tan- 
 ner and currier," located within the borough, and in 1830, established a "tan 
 yard," to which he added the business of shoe making in 1831. He operated it 
 until 1833. A tannery was established on the site of the postoffice building in 
 1830, by George Knox, Sr., in which his son, George Knox, Jr., worked as 
 "tanner and currier." In 1839 this tannery became the property of John G. 
 Boyd, S. S. Cleaver and L. C. Levalley. After Mr. Boyd's death, in February, 
 1842, the partnership was dissolved, and the business discontinued. In 1843 
 L. C. Levalley and Ephraim B. Gerould erected a tannery near the present saw- 
 mill. About 1849 they sold it to Isaac Berry and Thomas Jones, who carried it 
 on until 1868, when it shut down. In 1830 John Gray, who had one-haK 
 
COVINGTON BOROUGH. 599 
 
 interest, Pliny Buit and Ephraim B. Gerould, each having one-fourth interest, 
 erected a saw-mill on the west side of the river, where the present mill now stands. 
 Within a year Mr. Gerould acquired Burr's interest. Gray's interest was ac- 
 quired by Eichard Videan, who soon sold to Edwin Dyer. Mr. Gerould appears to 
 have acquired Mr. Dyer's interest, and to have operated the mill until his death 
 in 1845, after which his son, Otis G. Gerould, carried on the business until 1879, 
 when H. S. Pick purchased the mill. He sold it a few years later to Lorenzo 
 Doud, the present owner. Three mills have been destroyed by fire on this site. 
 The one now standing was erected in 1866. It is a water-power mill, with an old- 
 fashioned, upright saw, and is devoted to sawing for local demand. 
 
 In 1831 James Weeks established a fulling-mill between the old Knox tan- 
 nery and the river. This, a few years later, developed into a woolen factory. In 
 1837 Edwin Dyer and E. B. Gerould acquired the property, which, in 1839, was 
 purchased by John G. Boyd. After Mr. Boyd's death, in 1842, the enterprise ap- 
 pears to have been discontinued. About 1843 Asa Crandall erected a factory in 
 the southern part of the borough for the manufacture of furniture, making a 
 specialty of bedsteads. He carried on the enterprise until a short time before 
 his death, in 1850. In 1845 Edwin Dyer erected a building, intended for a 
 foundry, beside the railroad, at the crossing of the State road. The depot burned 
 that year, and the building has since been used as a passenger and freight station. 
 The idea of starting a foundry was abandoned. About this time, also, James 
 Weeks established a woolen factory, between the old Boyd & Cleaver tannery and 
 the river. This was run successfully for a number of years. In 1866 George A. 
 Spring came to Covington from Washington, D. C, and established a bottling 
 works in the building now occupied by Eobinson & Morris. A few years later 
 his father-in-law, Jacob Hartman, became associated with him, and the business 
 has since been carried on under the firm name of Hartman & Spring. They 
 manufacture soda and mineral waters, and have a large trade, especially in the 
 summer season. In October, 1881, Bennett & Spring erected a fruit dryer and 
 evaporator, which they operated up to a few years ago, during good fruit seasons. 
 The uncertainty of the fruit crop, however, lead to an abandonment of the enter- 
 prise. The building is now used by the Standard Oil Company, who have recently 
 established a distributing station in the borough. 
 
 EARLY HOTEL KEEPERS AND MERCHANTS. 
 
 About 1815 John Conrad Youngman began keeping hotel in a building 
 erected on the northwest corner of the square. Among those who kept this house 
 after Mr. Youngmaja, were Samuel Barber, who took charge in 1835; William 
 Hagenbach, P. E. Young, Benjamin Phillips, Phineas Cleaver and Thomas 
 Graves. Each landlord added something to the building, until in time it became 
 a large three-story structure. It was destroyed by fire about ten years ago, being 
 vacant at the time. About 1819 another hotel building, long known as the "Salt 
 Box," was erected near the southwest corner of the square. J. 0. Pine kept this 
 hotel for many years. In 1835 Aaron Bloss removed from Blossburg and resumed 
 hotel keeping here, continuing until a short time before his death, in March, 
 1843. It was afterwards kept by Phineas Cleaver and James D. Husted. In the 
 
600 HISTOET OE TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 fall of 1895 the building was torn down. A third hotel was built west of the 
 river by Elijah Putnam. James Porter was the first landlord here. This build- 
 ing, the only survivor of the early hotels, is now used as a tenement house. The 
 Bartlett House, George A. Spring, landlord, is the only hotel in the borough at 
 the present time. It was erected by Edwin Dyer for a store building. 
 
 Pliny Burr, the first merchant, opened a store in 1830. He appears to have 
 discontinued business within a year, and to have resumed again in 1835, in which 
 year, also, Benjamin Kress opened a store. On the assessment list of 1837, Pliny 
 Burr is marked "moved." In 1836 Benjamin Kress sold his store to George C. 
 Kress. Thomas Dyer embarked in business in 1837. About 1837, also, B. H. 
 Taylor established a store. In 1839 Dyer sold to John G. Boyd. Edwin Dyer 
 began business as a merchant in 1841. In this year, also, the mercantile firm 
 of Packard & Tajdor, consisting of Stephen Packard and B. H. Taylor, was formed. 
 It lasted but a year. Packard continued in business alone for several years. 
 Henry W. Graves is assessed as a "merchant" in the list for 1847. He was rich 
 for those days, having $3,000 at interest. 0. P. Taylor, who clerked for his 
 brother, B. H. Taylor, embarked in business for himself in 1846, and afterward 
 became a partner with Edwin Dyer. This partnership was afterwards dissolved, 
 each of the pajtners engaging in business for himself, Mr. Dyer continuing until 
 his death, in 1879. John Calvin Bennett embarked in business in 1849, and 
 continued until his death, January 31, 1889, when he was succeeded by his son, 
 A. M. Bennett, now superintendent of the Elmira Glass Works, Elmira, New 
 York. This store is now conducted by Eobinson & Morris, as the successors of 
 Bennett & Eobinson. 
 
 BOEOUGH OEGANIZATION AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The borough of Covington was created at the May term of the court, of quarter 
 sessions in 1831, at which terni the borough of Lawrenceville was also created. 
 The first ofiieers were, John Gray, burgess; Nathan Paul, Abiel E. Eussell, Hiram 
 Thomas, Ephraim B. Gerould and Abner Newland, councilmen, and Calvin M. 
 Newland, constable. Eegular borough elections were held and borough officers 
 elected until 1834, the burgesses being James Weeks, 1833; Tilly Marvin, 1833, 
 and Harmon Whitehead, 1834. From 1834 to 1851 the charter of the borough 
 lapsed. It was revived in the latter year, since which time the following-named 
 persons have filled the office of burgess: William C. Webb, 1853; George Knox, 
 1853; I. C. Bennett, 1854; Edwin Dyer, 1855: Thomas Putnam, 1856; H. M. 
 Gould, 1857-58; Edwin Dyer, 1859; Ira Patchen, 1860; John C. Bennett, 1861; 
 Leonard Palmer, 1863; P. P. Piitnam, 1863-64; Leonard Palmer, 1865; 0. G. 
 Gerould, 1866-67; A. M. Bennett, 1868-69; Jacob Hari;man, 1870; E. B. Deeker, 
 1871-73; A. M. Bennett, 1873; Charles Howland, 1874; T. B. Putnam, 1875; 
 E. K. Skinner, 1876; A. M. Bennett, 1877; 0. G. Gerould, 1878; W. H. Lamkin, 
 1879; S. Blanchard, 1880; Edwin Klock, 1881; J. M. Hoagland, 1883; T. B. 
 Putnam, 1883; A. M. Bennett, 1884-85; H. S. Pick, 1886; P. M. Putnam, 1887; 
 E. E. Phelps, 1888; Joshua Ingalls, 1889; George Eidge, 1890; John Kendriek, 
 1891-93; 0. G. Gerould, 1894-96, and G. S. Harding, elected in 1897. 
 
 Since the re-organization of the borough, in 1851, the office of justice of 
 
COTINQTON BOEOXJGH. 601 
 
 the peace has been held by the following named persons: Eiehard Videan, 1852; 
 Stephen S. Packard, 1855; re-elected, 1860, 1865, 1870, 1875; Ira Patchen, 
 1856; re-elected, 1861; Edwin Dyer, 1866; re-elected, 1871; Joseph 0. Price, 
 1875; J. P. Walker, 1877; 0. G. Gerould, 1879; re-elected, 1884; L. B. Smith, 
 1881; re-elected, 1886; S. D. Forrest, 1889; Colin B. Clark, 1891; Augustus 
 Eedfield, 1892, and John E. Brown, 1895. 
 
 POSTltASTEBS AKD PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Thomas Putnam, the first postmaster of Covington, was appointed in 1822. 
 He held the office until 1826. His successor, Ephraim B. Gerould, continued in 
 the office until his death, in 1845, when Edwin Dyer was appointed. His suc- 
 cessors have been George Knox, David Caldwell, who held the office from 1857 to 
 1861; Julius Doane, who served for over twenty years; Eloyd E. Phelps, and Miss 
 Isabella T. Dyer, who was appointed in July, 1889. 
 
 The name of "Hyram Cannon, physician," appears upon the assessment list 
 of 1816, as does, also, that of Stillman Caanon, afterwards a practicing physician 
 at Mansfield and Mainesburg. It is presumed they both lived at Mansfield, and 
 that Hiram included Covington in his practice. His name is missing from the 
 assessment list of 1818. Dr. Pliny Power, a pioneer physician of Lawrenceville 
 and Tioga, located in Mansfield in 1819, and included Covington in his practice. 
 Dr. Hiram Whitehead located in the borough in 1831 and practiced for a few 
 years and then devoted himself to farming. Dr. George' Spratt_ came in 1835 
 and practiced several years. Dr. Henry Kilbourn located in the borough in 1840, 
 and for nearly half a century practiced in Covington and Blossburg, residing at 
 different times in each place. Dr. E. S. Bobbins, who is still actively engaged 
 in practice, came in 1856. Dr. S. Banks came in 1858, but remained only a short 
 time. Dr. Henry Kilbourn, Jr., began practice in 1859, and continued until his 
 death, in 1888. Then came Dr. C. W. Hazlett, Dr. Smith and Dr. Lewis Town- 
 send. The present resident physicians are Dr. E. S. Eobbins, Dr. Philemon Eum- 
 sey, who carries on a drug store, and Dr. S. A. Gaskill. 
 
 NEWSPAPEKS. 
 
 In February, 1888, S. D. Forrest began the publication of The Riverside 
 Intelligencer. It was issued monthly, and was devoted to local affairs, having, 
 also, well-chosen selections for home reading. On August 17, 1889, it was enlarged 
 to a seven-column folio, and appeared under the name of the Covington In- 
 telligencer, which was issued weekly until Mr. Forrest's death, ISTovember 15, 
 1892. His widow sold the plant to A. and C. C. Eedfield, who issued the first 
 number of the WeeTcly Monitor, February 3, 1893. In November, 1895, C. C. 
 Eedfield removed the paper to Painted Post, New York. On December 5, 1895, 
 I. E. Doud began the publication of the Covington Record, a seven-column folio, 
 published weekly and devoted to local interests. It suspended publication in the 
 fall of 1896. On January 23, 1897, C. C. Eedfield, former publisher of the 
 Weekly Monitor, began the publication of the Covington Sun. It appears weekly 
 and is devoted to local affairs. 
 
602 HISTOET OF TIOGA OOTINTT. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the borough was established as early as 1815, and was sus- 
 tained by subscription. In 1816 a one-story school building was erected near 
 the site of the present graded school building. After being used many years it 
 was torn down, and a building, near the site of the Presbyterian church, which 
 had been erected for a store, was used for school purposes until 1868, when the 
 present graded school building was erected. Until the establishment of the 
 graded school, that portion of the borough west of the river was a separate school 
 district. At the present time three teachers are employed. There is an average 
 of eight months school each year. Among the names of the earlier teachers, still 
 remembered by the living, are those of Joel Harkness, Arminus Fellows, Eobert 
 Bailey and Lucy Putnam. 
 
 In 1841 Prof. Julius Doane established a seminary on the west side of the 
 river, with Miss Lucy Putnam as preceptress. Instruction was given in the 
 languages, higher mathematics, music, etc. It was maintained for three years 
 and had an average attendance of seventy students. 
 
 CHtTKCHES AND SECHET SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Church of Christ of Covington was organized by Elder James Whitehead, 
 October 7, 1829, with the following members: James "Whitehead, Hannah 
 Whitehead, Adam Empy, Anna Empy, Norman Lanphear and Joshua Newell. 
 Elder Whitehead served as pastor until 1835. His successors have been James 
 Welton, 1838-42; H. A. Pratt, 1842-44; Ira Brown, 1844-45; M. Buzzell and 
 Calvin Newell, 1845-48; Theobald Miller, 1848-53; B. E. Hurd, 1853-55; C. D. 
 Kinney, 1855-59; A. G. Hammond, 1859-66; J. G. Encell, 1867-68; J. W. E. 
 Stewart, 1869-70; I. E. Spencer, 1870-82; G. W. Headley, 1882-84; J. 0. Cutts, 
 1884-87; M. S. Blair, 1891, and U. A. White, 1891-96. Eev. Leon J. Eeynolds, 
 the present pastor, took charge in January, 1897. On June 2, 1848, the building 
 committee of the church entered into a contract with James Levegood for the 
 erection of a church building on a lot west of the river. The building was erected 
 and dedicated January 13, 1849, being the first house of worship completed in the 
 borough. It is still used, having been kept in good repair. The church now 
 numbers 160 members, and is one of the largest in the county. There are 130 
 teachers and pupils in the Sunday-school, of which the pastor is the superintendent. 
 The pastors of this church have also served the church at Canoe Camp, in Eich- 
 mond township. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Covington was organized over fifty 
 years ago. Itinerant Methodist ministers, it is said, visited the Tioga valley and 
 preached in Covington as early as 1809. The pioneer among these was Eev. Caleb 
 Boyer. Following him came Eev. Hiram G. Warner and Eev. Caleb Kendall. In 
 1848 a church building was erected, the class then numbering fifteen members. 
 May 9, 1853, the society was incorporated, the incorporators being Joseph Hubble, 
 Eiehard Videan, Alonzo Barber, Jacob Whitman and L. E. Sampson. Until 1867 
 this church was in the same charge with the church at Mansfield. Prom 1867 to 
 1884 it was in the same charge with the church at Blossburg. Since 1884 it and 
 the church at Lamb's Creek have constituted one charge. The names of the 
 
COTINGTOK BOEOUGH. 603 
 
 pastors are as follows: Ira Smith, 1841-42; Enoch H. Cramer, 1842-43; R. M. 
 Reach, 1843-44; Samuel Mchols, 1844-45; William E. Pindar, 1845-46; R. L. 
 Stillwell, 1846-48; 0. Trowbridge, 1848-50; W. C. Mattison, 1850-51; A. H. 
 Shurtliff, 1851-52; W. Manning, 1852-54; L. L. Rogers, 1854-56; J. R. Jaques, 
 1856-57; H. N. Seaver, 1857-58; R. L. Stillwell, 1858-60; W. Beach, 1860-61; W. 
 Cochran, 1861-63; W. M. Haskell, 1863-65; Harvey Lamkin, 1865-67; M. S. 
 Kymer, 1867-69; Harvey Lamkin, 1870-73; C. G. Lowell, 1873-76; C. H. Wright, 
 1876-79; R. N. Leake, 1879-84; E. E. Van Kenren, 1884-87; W. M. DuBois, 1887- 
 89; F. H. Rowley, 1889-91; D. L. Pitts, 1891-94; Cornelius Dillenbeek, 1894-95, 
 and W. B. Armington, 1895-97. There are ninety members in the Sunday-school, 
 of which J. W. Bradley is the superintendent. C. E. Barber is president of the 
 Epworth League, which has a large membership. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Covington was originally known as "The Particular 
 Baptist Church of Covington." It was organized September 19, 1840, at the 
 district school house in Covington. The original members were Rev. George Spratt, 
 whose labors here resulted in the formation of the church; David S. Ireland, 
 Samuel Morgan, Elizabeth Spratt, Mary Binley, Chastina Macomber, Eliza Marvin, 
 Sarah P. Kelts, Maria Marvin, Margaxet Ireland, Ann Morgan and Margaret Harris. 
 The members met in the school house until about 1855, when a church edifice was 
 erected on Main street. A parsonage was erected in 1882. The society existed 
 under its old name until about 1861, when it adopted the rules of faith and 
 practice of the Regular Baptist denomination. The names of those who have 
 served this church as pastors, are as follows: Revs. George Spratt, 1839-45; 
 Abijah Sherwood, 1845-50; Levi Stone, 1851-52; D. P. Maryatt, 1852-57; W. L. 
 Reynolds, 1860-65; G. P. Watrous, 1865-72; E. L. Mills, 1875-78; Ross Ward, 
 1878-81; S. F. Matthews, 1881-83; A. Tilden, 1883-86; E. J. Lewis, 1886-87; G. 
 H. Trapp, 1888-90; James Jones, 1893-95, and T. C. Davis, 1895-96. The pastor 
 of this church also serves the church at Cherry Flats. The Sunday-school was 
 organized January 1, 1881. The present superintendent is F. M. Patchen. There 
 is an average attendance of 100 pupils. Mr. Patchen is also president of the 
 Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Covington was organized July 27, 1841, by 
 Rev. Julius Doane, Rev. Samuel Hopkins, of Coming, New York, and Rev. 
 Samuel Storrs Howe, of Painted Post, New York. The names of the original 
 members are as follows: Joel Harkness and Hubbard Clarke, ruling elders; 
 Mrs. Etmice Clarke, William Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Silas C. Perry, Lucy Putnam, 
 Mrs. Eliza Kress, Isaac Baker and Mrs. Elizabeth Baker. This church has been 
 served by the following pastors: Rev. Julius Doane, 1841-42; Octavius Fitch, 
 1843-44; E. B. Benedict, 1851-54; L. K. Beauge, 1854-57; Henry Losch, 1857; 
 J. P. Calkins, 1868; J. A. Rosseel, 1870-71. Services were suspended until ].878, 
 when a revival of interest resulted in giving new life to the society. The pastors since 
 that time have been Rev. George D. Meigs, 1878-82; W. S. Carter, 1882-85; George 
 Rodgers, 1885-86; J. B. Woodward, 1889-94, and Charles B. Hoyt, who took 
 charge in February, 1894. He is also pastor of the church at Mansfield. The 
 society first met in the "Seminary" building, west of the river. In 1847 the 
 society was incorporated and a church building erected on the lot adjoining the 
 
604 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 present Bartlett Hotel on the north. This building cost $1,763.50. When it 
 was dedicated there was a debt of $890.50, the money having been advanced by 
 Edwin Dyer, who took a mortgage on the property. In 1895 his heirs cancelled 
 this debt and presented the building, unincumbered, to the society. Another 
 lot was purchased further south on Main street, and the building removed to it. 
 The church now numbers forty members. A Sunday-school was organized 
 January 1, 1894. It now numbers eighty members. The superintendent is Miss 
 Isabella T. Dyer. 
 
 The Secret Societies of Covington are as follows: Covington Lodge, Wo. 374, 
 I. 0. 0. P., instituted August 10, 1848, has a large membership, and is in a 
 prosperous condition. Emma Colfax Lodge, No. 15, D. of E., was organized 
 September 3.3, 1869, with forty-seven charter members, and was the pioneer lodge 
 in the county. Covington Preceptory, Local Assembly, No. 300, K. of L., was 
 organized in September, 1881. Washington Camp, No. 636, P. 0. S. of A., was 
 organized December 38, 1891^ and now contains forty-two members. 
 
 CHAPTEE LII. 
 
 BLOSS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Oeganization— Physical Features— Streams— Forest Growth— Mineral De- 
 posits—Limited Agriculture— Justices of the Peace— Changes in Area and 
 Population— The Blossbueg Coal Company— Arnot — Churches — Socie- 
 ties— Landrus. 
 
 BLOSS township, taken from Covington township, and named in honor of Aaron 
 Bloss, the founder of Blossburg, was organized in June, 1841. As originally 
 created it embraced the area included in the Blossburg borough limits, and a large 
 portion of that of Hamilton township, the one organized in August, 1871, and the 
 other in December, 1871. The area included in the present boundaries embraces 
 about twenty square miles, being four and three-fourth miles from east to west and 
 four and one-fourth miles from north to south. The township is rough and rugged, 
 the altitude varying from 1,400 feet in the Johnson creek valley to 3,000 feet on the 
 mountain summits. The streams of the township are small, the principal ones 
 being Johnson creek and Bellman run in the east and southeast; Babb's creek in 
 the southwest; Sand run in the northwest, and a small unnamed run or branch in 
 the northeast. The original forest growth of the township consisted principally 
 of pine, hemlock, beech, birch and maple. The pine has been all cut down and 
 
BLOSS TOWNSHIP. 605 
 
 manufactured into lumber, and the hemlock nearly so. Large quantities of hemlock 
 and beech are also used in the mines for props, etc. Nearly the whole of the area 
 of this township is underlaid by three workable Yeins of semi-bituminous coal, known 
 as the Seymour, Bloss and Bear Eun veins. The Bloss vein is the one that is being 
 mined both at Arnot and Landrus. There is also an extensive deposit of fire clay 
 of the very finest quality, as well as of potter's clay, and a clay from which a good 
 mineral paint can be manufactujed. In all of these resources the township is ex- 
 ceptionally rich. 
 
 "With the exception of a limited area in the northwest comer, occupied by the 
 farms of H. D. Wood, J. E. and C. M. Henry, Daniel Davis, Selah Phillips, "William 
 Eeese and a few others, the township is composed of wild land, the property of 
 the Blossburg Coal Company, whose business is confined to the mining of coal, the 
 manufacture of lumber, and the shipping of tan bark. 
 
 Although containing a mining town, which at one time had a larger population 
 than any other place in the county, no effort to secure a borough charter has ever 
 been made, and the entire township, including the villages of Arnot and Landrus, 
 is under township government. The ofiice of justice of the peace has been filled as 
 follows: Evan Harris, 1843; re-elected, 1845; Francis Welch, 1843; re-elected, 
 1845, 1863; Martin Stratton, 1844; John Evans, 1849; re-elected, 1854; George 
 Jacquemin, 1850; John James, 1854; re-elected, 1859; Isaac M. Bodine, 1859; 
 E. J. Bosworth, 1861; Lewis B. Smith, 1866; re-elected, 1871; J. P. Monell, 1867; 
 Eichard WiUiams, 1869; Peter Cameron, Jr., 1873; James Heffron, 1873; Matthew 
 Waddell, 1874; Eeuben E. Howland, 1874; David T. Evans, 1879; D. C. Waters, 
 M. D., 1879; re-elected, 1887, 1892; Samuel Heron, 1884; Jonathan E. Hutchin- 
 son, 1884; John McKay, 1886; W. E. Logan, 1889; James Bonnell, 1894, and 
 D. C. Waters, 1897. 
 
 In 1871 Blossburg was made a borough, and in 1873 a part of Bloss township 
 went to make up the new township of Hamilton. This gave a reduced territory and 
 population in 1880, the number of inhabitants being 3,814, all but 31 being resi- 
 dents of Arnot. In February, 1883, the township area was enlarged by the addition 
 to it of that part of Charleston lying between it and Duncan. In 1890 it contained 
 3,550 inhabitants, of which 644 resided on farms and in the village of Landrus. 
 
 THE BLOSSBUBG COAL COMPANY. 
 
 The successful operation of the coal mines at Morris Eun and Fall Brook, and 
 the increasing demand for Blossburg coal — the name given to the product of these 
 mines — drew the attention of capitalists to Tioga county, led to extended explora- 
 tions in Bloss township, and to the discovery of a large deposit of coal on Johnson 
 creek, four miles southwest of Blossburg. In order to develop this new coal field, 
 the Blossburg Coal Mining and Eailroad Company was formed, and was duly in- 
 corporated April 11, 1866. The incorporators were Constant Cook, John Arnot, 
 Charles Cook, Henry Sherwood, Franklin N. Drake, Ferral C. Dininy, Henry H. 
 Cook and Lorenzo Webber. Financially, this company was a strong one, and was 
 composed of men noted for their energy, enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 A tract of several thousand acres of land, embracing nearly the entire area of 
 Bloss township, having been purchased, preparations were made for developing the 
 
606 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 new coal fields and marketing the coal. An office was opened in Blossbnrg, and a 
 wagon road, from the coal openings, cut through the forest to the Williamson road, 
 a distance of two miles, for the transportation of materials and supplies to the site 
 of the new village, which was named Draketown, in honor of Franklin N". Drake, 
 the first president of the company and a leading spirit in the enterprise. F. C. 
 Dininy was the general superintendent; James E. Cameron, mining superintendent, 
 and E. K. Mandeville superintendent of the outside and lumber department. 
 
 A village site was selected and cleared, a saw-mill built, and Nicholas Schultz — 
 now the outside foreman of the company, placed in charge as head sawyer. A 
 number of dwellings and a store building were also erected. This gave employment 
 to a large number of woodsmen, carpenters and other mechanics, and created a scene 
 of activity, evidencing the earnestness and energy of the company. A railroad was 
 also completed from Blossburg during the summer of 1866. In the meantime. 
 Drift No. 1 was put in by James E. Cameron, John Dunsmore and others. Drifts 
 ISTos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 were afterwards opened under Mr. Cameron's direction. Drift 
 No. 6, three miles southwest, was opened by J. J. Davis, under the direction of S. 
 B. Elliott, and a narrow gauge railroad built to it in 1880. A weighing office was 
 established in Blossburg, with M. G. Lewis as weighmaster and shipping clerk. 
 
 The encouraging results following the opening of the mines and of the explora- 
 tions carried on during 1867 and 1868, led the company, in the latter year, to 
 purchase the Tioga railroad, extending from Lawxenceville to Blossburg and Morris 
 Eun. This gave the company thirty-four miles of road, including the four miles 
 from Blossburg to Draketown, and connection with the "Erie" at Corning, New 
 York. 
 
 In 1868 the office of the company was removed from Blossburg. In March, of 
 that year, H. J. Landrus was appointed cashier, and in 1874 was made manager. 
 He resigned May 1, 1876, and was succeeded by S. B. Elliott, who resigned Sep- 
 tember 1, 1881, having been promoted to chief engineer. From 1876 to 1880, when 
 he resigned, John J. Davis was superintendent of mines, during which period he 
 re-opened the lower drift, experimented with the coal and demonstrated its coking 
 qualities. In 1881 Mr. Landrus again became manager, and held the position until 
 1886, when he was succeeded by Prank J. Lyon. In 1890 Mr. Lyon was succeeded 
 by the late Eichard T. Dodson, who died in December, 1896. The present manager 
 is Edward E. Loomis. 
 
 After the purchase of the Tioga railroad, the output of the mines was largely 
 increased, and there was a corresponding increase in the number of employes until 
 1882, when there were 1,400 names on the company's pay roll. In the summer of 
 1881, the Arnot and Pine Creek Eailroad Company, composed mainly of stock- 
 holders of the Tioga and Elmira State Line Eailroad Company, was formed. The 
 officers of the company were: L. H. Shattuck, president; D. S. Drake, secretary 
 and treasurer; S. B. Elliott, William Hull, A. S. Spicer, J. B. Niles and M. F. 
 Elliott, directors, and Eansom Dupuy, chief engineer. This company built a 
 standard gauge railroad from Arnot — ^the new name of Draketown — ^to Hoytville, 
 a distance of twelve miles. It was completed in 1883, in which year the Blossburg 
 Coal Mining and Eailroad Company established a saw-mill on Babb's creek, five miles 
 southwest of Arnot, around which soon grew up a village to which the name of Lan- 
 
BLOSS TOWNSHIP. gQ7 
 
 drus was given, in honor of H. J. Landrus, manager of the company. In 1888 the 
 company opened up mines a short distance above Landrus, on Eabb's creek. 
 These are known as the Bear Eun mines. 
 
 As the result of strikes, the financial depression of the last few years, and the 
 opening up of mines in other parts of Tioga and Clearfield counties, the working 
 force of the company has decreased somewhat and the annual output of the mines 
 fallen off. When running full force the mines at Arnot have a production of 1,400 
 tons of coal a day, and those at Landrus 635 tons a day. In 1894 the mines at Arnot 
 produced 190,035 tons, and those at Landrus 86,871 tons. The manufacture of 
 lumber and the shipping of tan bark form an important part of the company's 
 business. It has a saw-miU at Arnot, with a capacity of 35,000 to 40,000 feet of 
 lumber per day; one at Landrus, with 60,000 feet per day, and one at Morris — 
 including seven miles of narrow gauge railroad — with 50,000 feet per day. The 
 mills at Landrus and Morris produce 15,000 feet of lath per day. A mill at Bloss- 
 burg, producing 20,000 feet of lumber per day, was dismantled in the summer of 
 1895. 
 
 The officers and foremen at Arnot and Landrus are as follows: Edward E. 
 Loomis, successor to the late Eichard T. Dodson, superintendent; Frank H. Dartt, 
 assistant superintendent; A. P. Eowler, chief clerk; H. W. Meyers, mining en- 
 gineer; Eichard Simpson, mining foreman, at Arnot, and Joseph Maxwell, at 
 Landrus; Mcholas Schultz, outside foreman, at Arnot, and George "Watson, at 
 Landrus. 
 
 In 1885 the control of the roads owned by the Blossburg Coal Mining and 
 Eailroad Company passed into .the hands of the "Erie," and were embraced under 
 the title of "The Tioga and Elmira State Line Eailroad." At this time, also, the 
 name of the company was changed to the Blossburg Coal Company, the words 
 "Mining and Eailroad" being dropped. 
 
 AENOT. 
 
 In 1867, when Nicholas Schultz came to Draketown as head sawyer, there 
 were but three houses in the place. In the following year a postoffiee was estab- 
 lished and the name changed from Draketown to Arnot, in honor of John Arnot,, 
 a well-known banker and financier of Elmira, ISTew York, and one of the incor- 
 porators of the company. The first postmaster was James E. Cameron, and his 
 successors have been Delos Bodine, J. L. Higgins, H. J. Landrus, F. J. Lyon and 
 P. H. Dartt. Dr. Charles S. Logan is the assistant postmaster. 
 
 Arnot increased rapidly in population and soon became the largest place in 
 the county. In 1883 it contained between 3,500 and 4,000 inhabitants. School 
 houses and churches had been erected, lodges and societies organized, and an indus- 
 trious, thrifty and prosperous community established. ISTotwithstanding strikes, 
 business depression, etc., it still remains the leading mining town in the county, 
 its churches, schools, lodges and other societies being well maintained. 
 
 Shortly after the opening of the mines a company store was established. In 
 1873 a second building was erected by the company and leased to H. S. Drake, 
 who stocked it with drugs, groceries, clothing, etc. He died in December, 1873, 
 and was succeeded by J. K. Tillotson, of Elmira, ISTew York, who, a few years later. 
 
g08 HISTOEY OF TI0G4 COUNTY. 
 
 was succeeded by L. H. Drake. In 1886 W. W. Bradbury became manager of the 
 company's store, and in 1891 became proprietor, a recently enacted law making it 
 necessary for the company to discontinue that branch of its business. In 1893 the 
 W. W. Bradbury Company succeeded to the ownership of both stores, Mr. Bradbury 
 retaining a half interest. He died June 1, 1893, his widow succeeding to his in- 
 terest. The name of the company remains unchanged. The stores are now in charge 
 of Mack Scudder and Matthew A. Blair, managers. Mr. Scudder took charge June 
 19, 1893. Mr. Blair entered the company's employ in 1869; worked in the mines 
 until September, 1884; had charge of the store at Landrus from 1887 until August, 
 1893, when he was promoted to his present position. W. E. Logan was head clerk in 
 the store devoted to dry goods, groceries and notions, from 1871 to 1897. The drug 
 and clothing store is in a separate building. The Amot Hotel has been in charge of 
 Frank H. "Welch since 1889. Mr. Welch is also engaged in the livery and under- 
 taking business. These enterprises, with a feed-mill and a meat market, constitute 
 the leading business interests of the village. 
 
 In 1870 Dr. John Caldwell located in the village. Among the physicians who 
 have succeeded him were Dr. Byron Smith, Dr. Hunter, Dr. H. L. Davis, Dr. 
 "William Caldwell and Dr. "Winsor. The profession is represented at present by Dr. 
 D. C. "Waters and Dr. Charles S. Logan. 
 
 As Amot grew, schools were established, until there were four public school 
 buildings in the village. In 1890 these were replaced by a handsome graded 
 school building, two stories high, containing eight rooms, and costing $4,000, in 
 which the different schools, aggregating 600 pupils, were consolidated, and placed 
 under charge of a principal, that position being filled at present by Charles Frick. 
 Among the earlier teachers were a Mr. Eockwell, of Troy, Pennsylvania, who first 
 taught in a dweUing; K. E. Howland and wife; Mrs. David Mclntyre, Frederick 
 L. Gray and S. A. Gaskill, now a physician of Covington, Pennsylvania. 
 
 CHTJECHES. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church was organized October 22, 1868, with the follow- 
 ing members: James Ellison and wife, Peter and Christina Cameron, James and 
 Eoxanna Cameron, John and Janet Dunsmore, Eobert and Jane Baird, James and 
 Elizabeth Nelson, Joseph and Ursula McFeish, "VVilliam and Jane MclSTeish, Henry 
 and Jesse Smedden, David and Ellen Brown, "William and Catherine "Watchman, 
 and Mrs. Agnes "Waddle. The first pastor was Eev. Mr. Graves, who was succeeded, 
 ' September 5, 1869, by Eev. David Aiken, who served until September, 1870. His 
 successors have been: Eevs. George Morton, September, 1870, to ISTovember, 1871; 
 J. Ludlow Kendall, November, 1871, to April, 1874; S. A. Eawson, July, 1874, to 
 August, 1875; Eobert Christian, December, 1876, to April, 1878; E. S. Schenck, 
 March, 1880, to 1885; D. D. Lindley, March, 1887, to June, 1888; E. D. Eawson, 
 March, 1889, to April, 1893; A. S. Elliott, May, 1893, to March, 1895; W. A. 
 Brown, May to October, 1895, and J. C. M. Johnston, who took charge November 
 10, 1895. The first ruling elders of the church were James Ellison and Peter 
 Cameron, Sr. In 1872 a sightly and commodious church building, costing $3,500, 
 was erected. The Sunday-school, which is in a flourishing condition, numbers 180 
 pupils and teachers. It is in charge of Eichard Simpson, superintendent. 
 
^>^^^e^ 
 
BLOSS TOWNSHIP. 609 
 
 Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, formerly the Church of the Mediator, dates 
 the beginning of its history to a meeting held in the old school house on the after- 
 noon of August 15, 1874, by Eev. John D. Eockwell, at that time rector of St. 
 Luke's church, Blossburg. The mission was called the Church of the Mediator, 
 after the church of that name in New York City. These services were continued 
 until October 3, 1875, when they lapsed, but were resumed May 30, 1877, and con- 
 tinued without interruption until February 15, 1879, when Mr. Eockwell left 
 Blossburg. No further regular services were held until December, 1893, when Eev. 
 A. E. DeWitt was sent by the bishop to this'section and given charge of the churches 
 in Antrim, Arnot and Pall Brook. Services were held in the Disciples' church, the 
 building being rented for that purpose. In September, 1894, Mr: DeWitt was suc- 
 ceeded by Eev. Marcellus Karcher, who also has charge of the churches in Bloss- 
 burg and Fall Brook. On the afternoon of May 15, 1895, the comer stone of a 
 new church building was laid, and the name changed from the Church of the 
 Mediator to Christ Church. The first services were held in this building Sunday, 
 November 3, 1895. The church has not yet been chartered, nor has the building 
 been consecrated. This handsome house of worship, erected under the supervision 
 of E. T. Dodson, F. H. Dartt and Mack Scudder, building committee, is of cut 
 stone, has a seating capacity of 300, and cost $5,000. 
 
 Gethsemane Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1879, with 
 about forty members. The first pastor was Eev. P. A. Bergquist, who served part 
 of the year 1881. Eev. A. Kinett served during 1882 and 1883. Between 1884 
 and 1887 the congregation was served by C. G. Norman, C. J. Bengston, C. J. 
 Youngberg and S. J. Youngert, theological students from Augustana College and 
 Theological Seminary, Eock Island, Illinois. Eev. J. A. Einell was pastor from 1888 
 to 1890, and Eev. S. 0. Olsson from 1890 to 1894. Eev. C. J. Youngberg, the 
 present pastor, took charge June 34, 1894. The church at present numbers 300 
 communicants and 188 children. There are sixty pupils in the Sunday-school, 
 of which Jacob Anderson is the superintendent. The church owns a neat house of 
 worship, which was erected in 1883 at a cost of $3,000. 
 
 St. Andrew's Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1880, and a church build- 
 ing, 38x45 feet, erected, at a cost of $1,500. This church is under the charge 
 of the pastor of Blossburg. St. James' Lyceum Hall, erected in 1895, is under the 
 auspices of this church. It is used for Sunday-school, lectures, etc., and as a meet- 
 ing place for Catholic societies. This church has a large adult and Sunday-school 
 membership. It is a mission church and is served by the pastors of the church in 
 Blossburg. A branch of the Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Associa- 
 tion, numbering over sixty members, is connected with St. Andrew's. 
 
 The Swedish Free Mission was organized in 1885, with ten members, and now 
 has a membership of twenty persons. The pastor is Eev. C. J. "Wideberg. There are 
 twenty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Charles Larsen is the superintendent. 
 The Puritan Congregational Church was organized in 1887. Eev. J. T. Mathews, 
 the first pastor, served from 1887 until 1893, when Eev. E. J. Eeese, the present 
 pastor, took charge. Mr. Eeese also holds regular services in Landrus. Charles 
 Stickler is the superintendent of the Sunday-school, which numbers 150 pupils. 
 
 39 
 
QIQ HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 A neat church building was erected in 1891 at a cost of $2,000, and a parsonage in 
 1893 at a cost of $800. The church now numbers seventy-five members. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Amot is the meeting place of a number of secret and benevolent societies. The 
 earliest organized was Amot Lodge, No. 947, 1. 0. 6. T. It was instituted February 
 33, 1871, and is now in a flourishing condition. Amot Lodge, No. 465, K. of P., 
 was organized June 34, 1880, and now numbers nearly 200 members. Division 
 No. 1, A. 0. H., which was organized April 7, 1887, now numbers fifty members 
 of either Irish nationality or parentage. Winterview Castle, No. 330, K. G. E., 
 was instituted March 14, 1893. It has a large membership, composed mostly of 
 young people. 
 
 LANDBUS. 
 
 In 1883, after the completion of the Amot and Pine Creek railroad from 
 Amot to Hoytville, the Blossburg Coal Company erected a saw-mill on Babb's 
 creek, five miles southwest of Amot. Around this mill, which has a capacity of 60,- 
 000 feet of lumber and 15,000 feet of lath a day, there soon grew up a village which 
 was named Landrus, in honor of Henry J. Landrus, manager of the Blossburg Coal 
 Company. A company store was started in June, 1887. This store, in which the 
 postoifice is also located, is now carried on for the W. W. Bradbury Company, by 
 Frank L. Beauge. The saw-mill is in charge of George Watson, outside foreman, 
 and the railroad station in charge of D. F. Wilcox. The public school is in charge of 
 James Muir, and religious services are held regularly in the school building by Eev. 
 E. J. Eeese, pastor of the Puritan Congregational church of Amot. The village has 
 a population of about three hundred. 
 
 The Bear Eun Coal Mines were opened, a short distance above the village, by 
 the Blossburg Coal Company, in 1888. The machinery of these mines is driven by 
 electricity, the ears from the drifts to the chutes being hauled by thirty-horse 
 power motors. The minet^ are in charge of Joseph Maxwell, mining foreman. When 
 operated by a full force, they have a production of 635 tons a day. 
 
CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 BLOSSBUEG BOEOUGH. 
 
 The WiLiiiAMSON Road— Peter's Camp— Borough Site and Surroundings- 
 Pioneer Settlers— Early Industries and Enterprises- Discovery of 
 Coal— Judge Knapp's Enterprises— The Arbon Coal Company— A Real 
 Estate Boom— The Corning and Blossburg Railroad— The Seymour House 
 —Sir Charles Lyell's Visit— Window Glass Manufactory— The Morris 
 Run Railroad— The Arnot Branch— Borough Organization and Officials 
 —Fire Department— The Fire of 1873— Physicians and Lawyers— Schools 
 —Churches and Cemeteries— Societies— Later Business Corporations- 
 Tee Cottage State Hospital. 
 
 IN 1792, when the party of immigrants engaged in cutting the Williamson road 
 from Loyalsock, in Lycoming county, to Painted Post, New York, under the 
 guidance of Eobert and Benjamin Patterson, reached the Tioga river, after coming 
 down the Bellman run valley, they established upon its bank a supply camp. Here 
 the women and children were left and cared for until another section of the road 
 had been cut and another camp established. The camp established at the point 
 where the road crosses the Tioga river, was named Peter's Camp, Peter being the 
 Christian name of the man who had charge of the bake oven. It is related that 
 Peter was not an over-neat individual, and that in order to reform him in this regard, 
 the members of the party, upon one occasion, treated him to a compulsory bath in 
 the Tioga river. 
 
 The site of this camp is now within the limits of Blossburg borough, the sur- 
 veyed area of which is nearly two miles from east to west, by two and a half from 
 north to south. Owing to the restricted character of the valley — the average 
 width at the bottom being scarcely more than a quarter of a mile — and the almost 
 precipitous mountain incline on either side — the actual, built-upon area — save a 
 somewhat less restricted space up Bellman run valley, in the southern paxt of the 
 borough — ^is confined to a narrow strip, nearly three miles long, which follows the 
 windings of the Tioga river from below the mouth of Morris run to the mouth of 
 East creek. Midway of this narrow strip is the business center of the borough, 
 the main street of which is the old Williamson road. 
 
 Within the borough limits the Tioga river receives the waters of Coal run. 
 Bear run and East creek from the east, and Bellman run from the west. A small 
 run having its source in Bloss township, flows down a ravine, back of the Horton 
 place, and unites with Bellman run a short distance above its mouth. The moun- 
 tains which line the river valley, rise to a height of over 1,800 feet above the level 
 of the sea. The altitude of the borough — railroad level — is 1,348 feet above tide- 
 water. 
 
Q-^2 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Blossburg is the second largest borough in the county. In 1880 it had 2,140 
 inhabitants, and in 1890, 3,568. 
 
 PIONEER SETTLEES. 
 
 In the year 1801 Aaron Bless, born at Killingby, Connecticut, May 29, 1775, 
 came to Tioga county, from Chenango county, 'New York, and settled near Coving- 
 ton. In 1803 — the year given by his living descendants — ^he removed to Peter's 
 Camp. Here, across the road from the east end of the bridge over the Tioga river, 
 in the southern part of the present borough, he erected a house, the site of which 
 is now occupied by a private residence. In this house he kept hotel until 1820, when 
 he built a larger one, in which he continued in the hotel business until 1835, when 
 he moved back to Covington, where he died March 3-1, 1843. To him, therefore, 
 belongs the honor of being the first settler in Blossburg. It may be said, in passing, 
 that this pioneer — a thorough woodsman and a noted hunter — was a man of strong, 
 rugged build, with the courage to dare, the patience to endure, and the shrewd 
 common sense to plan and execute, so frequently found in the men who formed 
 the advance guard of civilization a century ago. 
 
 How long Aaron Bloss remained without neighbors cannot be definitely 
 ascertained. The first to join him appears to have been Absaldm Kingsbury. He 
 came to Tioga county about 1813, made a clearing on Elk run, in Covington town- 
 ship, and afterwards, not earlier, probably, than 1818 or 1830, removed to Peter's 
 Camp. The first attempt to found a town was made in the latter year, when Aaron 
 Bloss changed the name of Peter's Camp to Blossburg. During the next five years 
 the place grew slowly. Eoyal, Isaac and Asahel Walker, nephews of Aaron Bloss, 
 and sons of Isaac Walker, a pioneer of Covington, were among the earliest settlers. 
 They were followed by Eli Dartt, Judge John H. Knapp, Gearhart Boehm, Evan 
 Harris, a man named Eoberts and another named Dowers, some of whom made 
 only a temporary stay. D. P. Freeman came in 1837; Dr. Lewis Saynisch, the first 
 physician, in 1831; John L. Evans, in 1837; Francis Welch, in 1839; Col. Joseph 
 Yonkin, Alexander H. Gaylord, James H. Gulick, Charles Finney, John James and 
 George Eichter in 1840. 
 
 Washington Landrus, father of the late Henry J. Landrus, of Wellsboro, and 
 the oldest resident of Blossburg, came in 1839. He gives the names of twelve other 
 persons who were here in that year. They were William Cleese, Clarendon Eath- 
 bone, Eli Dartt, Everett Winter Bloss, a son of Aaron Bloss, David Chatfield, 
 Thomas Farr, Evan Harris, Gearhart Boehm, Dr. Lewis Saynisch, Dr. Joseph P. 
 Morris, John L. Evans and Isaac Thomas. Joseph Hughes, also, came about this 
 time and settled in the northern part of the borough. Bernard Murray, a native of 
 Ireland, came about 1841. William Butler came in 1841, and remained until 1875, 
 when he removed to Sunbury, Northumberland county. Patrick Bannon, a native 
 of Ireland, and father of Senator Bannon, came in 1841. Benjamin E. Hall 
 came from Lycoming county in 1842. Thomas Morgan and Eeese W. 
 Thomas came about the same time. Martin Stratton, born December 
 23, 1807, the oldest person in the borough, also came in 1842; John Cook and 
 Simon Golden in 1848, and Jacob Jones in 1850. All these early settlers have passed 
 
BLOSSBUBG BOEOtTGH. Q^^ 
 
 away, except Washington Landras, Majtin Stratton, George Richter, John Cook, 
 Simon Golden and Jacob Jones. 
 
 BAKLT INDUSTEIES AND ENTEKPKISES. 
 
 In 1793, during the construction of the Williamson road, coal was discovSred 
 within the present limits of Blossburg, by Robert and Benjamin Patterson. The 
 first effort to mine and market it, however, was made by David Clemons, a pioneer, 
 who settled in Covington township in 1806. He opened a mine on Bear run, not 
 much earUer, probably, than 1812 or 1815, and hauled an occasional load over- 
 land to Painted Post, New York. Aaron Bloss also opened up a mine on Bear run — 
 a lower vein than that opened by Clemons, and now known as the Bloss vein — ^but 
 only to supply local demands. These first efljorts, owing to the lack of shipping 
 faciUties, were on a very small and very limited scale. They led Aaron Bloss and 
 others, however, to ask the legislature, in 1817, for an appropriation of $10,000 — 
 which was refused — ^to improve the Williamson road over the mountain between 
 Blossburg and Williamsport, and to attempts, on the part of individual enterprise, 
 to widen and deepen the channel of the Tioga river, and finally to the organization 
 of the Tioga River ISTavigation Company. 
 
 In the meantime, Blossburg coal had not only found its way to Painted Post, 
 Corning and Elmira, but to Albany, where it played an important part in railroad, 
 canal and navigation legislation, and, also, to Philadelphia, where men of capital 
 and enterprise soon became interested in its development. The first man of means, 
 however, to become interested in Blossburg was Judge John H. Knapp, of Elmira, 
 New York. He came about 1835, in which year Curtis P. Stratton and Peter Kelts 
 built a saw-mill for him, on the river, in the southern part of the borough, near the 
 Eall Brook railroad bridge. In this mill — ^the first one here — Dr. Lewis Sayniseh 
 was afterwards interested. In 1836 Judge Knapp started the first store in the place. 
 He also erected iron works for the smelting of iron ore and its manufacture into 
 foundry and blacksmith's iron. He opened ore beds on "Barney" hill, and a coal 
 mine on Coal run, where both coal and iron ore were mined. Failing to secure 
 financial assistance promised by men of capital, and being in feeble health, he 
 turned over his Blossburg enterprises to Samuel Weeks, and removed to Port Madi- 
 son, Iowa. During the next thirty years the iron works had many owners — ^most 
 of whom lost money. Among the more prominent were John G. Boyd, P. P. 
 Cleaver, James H. Gulick and A. J. Gaylord, who devoted himself to the manu- 
 facture of fire brick. In December, 1864, the plant was purchased by T. J. Mooers, 
 who then established the foundry and machine shop still carried on by him. 
 
 In 1837 a large hotel building, known as the Knapp House, was erected west 
 of the river, almost opposite the hotel of Aaron Bloss, by D. P. Preeman. Although 
 erected under the patronage of Judge Knapp, and auspiciously opened January 1, 
 1838, with house-warming festivities, to which friends from far and near had been 
 invited, this hotel does not appear to have prospered. After being occupied as a 
 tenement for a number of years, it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 The first systematic attempt to determine the character and extent of the Bloss- 
 burg coal and iron ore beds was made in 1833, and will be found set forth in detail 
 
614 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in the chapter devoted to the mineral resources of the county, which deals par- 
 ticularly with the early mines and mining. 
 
 In 1835 Aaron Bloss moved back to Covington, Absolom Kingsbury succeeding 
 him as landlord of the hotel, which was afterwards kept by John L. Evans — also 
 an early merchant — Francis Welch, John Cochran and others. It was destroyed 
 by fire about 1853. 
 
 It was in 1835, also, that James E. Wilson — who became its first president — 
 Dr. Joseph P. Morris and others, of Philadelphia, with Dr. Lewis Saynisch, of 
 Blossburg, organized the Arbon Coal Company, and appointed James H. Gulick, of 
 'New Jersey, selling agent. Land was purchased of Aaron Bloss, including the 
 Bear Eun mines, and preparations made to mine coal and iron on an extensive scale, 
 as soon as the railroad, then projected, could be completed. John James, a native 
 of Pontypool, Wales — prominent iu later years in the development of the Fall 
 Brook coal beds — was placed in charge of the mines, and held the position under 
 the various owners for sixteen years. 
 
 In 1837, in anticipation of the building of the railroad from Corning to Bloss- 
 burg, Hon. Horatio Seymour, Hon. Amos P. Granger and Hon. Thomas Davis, of 
 Few York, and Hon. James Ford and C. Parkhurst, of Lawrenceville, became in- 
 terested in the development of Blossburg. They purchased 340 acres of land, em- 
 bracing the present business center of the borough, and divided it into building 
 lots. They also became identified with various enterprises, calculated to make the 
 place an important manufacturing center. Clarendon Eathbone, the first lawyer 
 in the village, became interested in coal and timber lands here about this time. 
 
 About 1838 a postoffice was established, the first postmaster. Dr. Joseph P. 
 Morris, holding the of&ce until 1842, when he removed to Mansfield. Among the 
 more prominent of his successors were James P. Taylor, who held the ofiice from 
 1860 until his death in 1874. Frank H. Stratton, the present incumbent, has held 
 the ofSee since March 39, 1894. 
 
 In 1840 Charles Finney started a store in a little building — thought to have 
 been the old Knapp store building— just north of Washington Landrus' dwelling. 
 He sold out to Captain Moss, who in turn sold out to John Cochran, who after- 
 wards sold to A. H. Gaylord and Washington Gray. In this year, also. Col. Joseph 
 Yonkin, who previously had a contract with the Tioga Eiver Navigation Com- 
 pany, built the old Washington Hotel. Some years later Colonel Yonkin built 
 the well-known Yonkin House, in which he kept hotel during the remainder of 
 his life. This house is now kept by John Boothe. About this time James Jenkinson 
 kept hotel in the northern part of the borough, on the site of the Hughes residence. 
 James Husted also kept hotel in this house for a time. 
 
 July 4, 1840, was marked by the completion of the Coming and Blossburg 
 railroad to Covington. Early in the following September it was completed 
 to Blossburg. A real estate and business boom followed. The Arbon Coal 
 Company began shipping coal by rail. It estabUshed a store with Dr. Joseph P. 
 Morris in charge, in the building now occupied by Mrs. Kelly's grocery store. It 
 also built a saw-mill near the mouth of East creek, in the northern part of the 
 borough, and made an excavation with the intention of building a large hotel, and 
 drawing the business of the town in that direction. The hotel was never built.' 
 
BLOSSBTJEG BOEOUGH. Q1^ 
 
 In 1841 John G. Boyd, cashier of the bank at Towanda, and a member of the 
 lumber firm of Boyd & Cleaver, of Covington, built the Seymour House, in con- 
 nection with Samuel Cleaver. It was named in honor of Hon. Horatio Seymour, 
 of New York. The first landlord was Philemon Doud, who was succeeded by P. P. 
 Cleaver. During the more than fifty years of its existence it has had rdany landlords, 
 being vacant, at times, for years. The present landlord, M. S. Murray, took charge i.i 
 the fall of 1894. The building is owned by the "Erie" Railroad Company, and a 
 portion of the first story is occupied by its local ticket agent and the office of the 
 division supervisor. 
 
 John Gr. Boyd also became interested in the iron works and other enterprises. 
 His various speculations, however, seriously entangled him, and on the morning of 
 February 17, 1843, he committed suicide, in Philadelphia, by firing a loaded pistol 
 into his mouth. His death had a serious effect upon various enterprises, and upon 
 individuals, in Blossburg and in Covington. 
 
 In 1841 Sir Charles Lyell, the eminent English geologist, visited Blossburg 
 and made a very thorough examination of the coal deposits, especially of the Bear 
 Eun mine, then being operated by the Arbon Coal Company, of which Dr. Lewis 
 Saynisch was the president. After returning to England, the distinguished 
 scientist published a full description of the Blossburg coal deposits, noting the 
 similarity between them and the coal measures of South Wales. 
 
 In 1843 Benjamin R. Hall came to Blossburg, from "Block House," and for 
 over twenty years kept the United States Hotel, on the corner north of the present 
 opera house. In 1844 the Arbon Coal Company was succeeded by William M. 
 Mallory & Company, who operated the mines until 1857, mining and shipping 
 4'05,116 tons of coal. In the latter year Duncan S. Magee, as the representative 
 of his father, John Magee, leased the mines, and operated them until 1859, when • 
 the mines at Pall Brook were opened. Since then coal has been mined within the 
 Blossburg borough limits for local supply only, shipment by rail ceasing with the 
 opening of the Fall Brook mines. In 1866 the Bear Run mines, now known as 
 the Jones mines, were purchased from James H. Gulick, by J. M. Evans, J. M. Evans, 
 Jr., John Bouncer and Jacob Jones, and operated by them under the name of Evans & 
 Jones. They are now owned by Mr. Jones, and operated by his son, Benjamin P. 
 Jones. The Coal Run mines are operated by A. P. Gaylord. The Golden Brothers 
 and Loyd & Crooks, have opened up mines west of the river, in the southern part 
 of the borough. Hutchinson Brothers operate a mine west of the river, in the 
 northern part of the borough. 
 
 A window glass manufactory was established in 1847, in the northern part of 
 the borough, by William Dezang, of Geneva, New York, and glass manufactured 
 from sand rock. Several years later Mr. Dezang was succeeded by Webb, 
 Pellows & Co., who operated the factory until 18G0, when they were succeeded by 
 0. P. Taylor and James H. Gulick. In 1867 a co-operative company, known as 
 Hirsch, Ely & Co., leased the factory, operated it, and carried on a store in con- 
 nection therewith, until 1888, when it passed into the hands of the United Glass 
 Company, otherwise known as the "Glass Trust," who soon afterwards shut it 
 down. 
 
 In October, 1853, the raUroad from Blossburg to Morris Run was completed, 
 
616 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and in 1859 the railroad from Blossburg to Pall Brook built. In 1863 the repair 
 shops of the Tioga Eailroad Company were removed from Corning to Blossburg, 
 and a new impetus given to the growth and business activity of the place. In 1866 
 the railroad to Amot was built and the mines opened up there. In 1868 Drake 
 & Taylor erected a saw-mill west of the river, near the site of the old Knapp Hotel. 
 This mill was destroyed by fire March 3, 1876, and was rebuilt by the Blossburg CoaJ 
 Company^ and run until the summer of 1895, when it was dismantled. In 1869 A. 
 Eumsey & Company, of Philadelphia, built a tannery, with an annual capacity of 
 75,000 to 100,000 sides of sole leather, on the west side of the river, in the 
 southern part of the borough. In 1875 they sold it to Hoyt Brothers, of New York, 
 who carried it on until May, 1893, when it passed into the control of the Union 
 Tanning Company, a member of the United States Leather Company. It gives 
 employment to seventy-five men, and is in charge of A. E. Botehford, superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 BOROUGH OEGANIZATION AND OrFICIALS. 
 
 Blossburg was incorporated as a borough August 39, 1871, and the first election 
 held September 13, 1871, resulting in the choice of the following ofacers: L. H. 
 Shattuck, burgess; E. S. Scofleld, A. H. Gaylord, D. H. Stratton, William 'M. 
 Butler, 0. F. Taylor and William MeCarron, councilmen; Erancis Welch and H. 
 P. Erwin, justices of the peace; Thomas Morgan, overseer of the poor; J. H. 
 Putnam, judge of election; William Wallace and B. A. Murray, inspectors of 
 election; Gr. C. Puller, E. D. Horton and J. L. Belden, auditors, and John Weaver, 
 Michael Ely, Henry Hollands, Jacob Jones, A. T. James and J. Phillips, school 
 directors. The first meeting of the council was held September 8, 1871, when 
 0. J. C. Horton was elected borough clerk. The names of the burgesses since elected 
 are as follows: A. H. Gaylord, 1873; H. Hollands, 1874; C. H. Goldsmith, 
 1875-76; 0. P. Taylor, 1877-78; J. Yonkin, 1879; S. Bowen, 1880-81; H. J. 
 Shattuck, 1883; G. W. Morgan, 1883-84-85; A. P. Gaylord, 1886; J. Aylesworth, 
 1887-88; W. H. McCarty, 1889; C. T. Knight, 1890; Prank D. Andrews, 1891- 
 93-93; A. Eichter, 1894-96, and Prank D. Andrews, elected in 1897. 
 
 The following named persons have been elected and commissioned justices of 
 the peace: H. P. Erwin, 1871; re-elected, 1879, 1884; Prancis Welch, 1871; E. 
 B. Freeman, 1876; re-elected, 1881, 1883; J. B. Denmaxk, 1876; Adam Schoop, 
 1888; John Cook, 1888; re-elected, 1893; D. E. Doud, 1891; Thomas H. WUliams, 
 1893; re-elected, 1893. 
 
 FIEE DEPAETMENT. 
 
 The Eagle Engine Company was organized in 1869. The officers were: A. 
 T. James, foreman; Joseph Maxwell, assistant foreman; Sumner P. White, 
 treasurer, and W. A. Shields, secretary. The Mist Hose Company was organized 
 at the same time, with the following officers: J. E. Belden, foreman; G. C. Miller, 
 assistant foreman, and J, C. Horton, secretary. This compauy was incorporated 
 January 31, 1887. In 1873 a reorganization of the department took place, the 
 Eagle Engine Company being succeeded by the Drake Engine Company. The 
 department, as now constituted, is composed of the Mist Hose Company and the 
 Andrews Hose Company, each having a good equipment of fire-fighting apparatus. 
 
2^.^ti/^U.c^ 
 
BLOSSBUKG BOEOUGH. giy 
 
 THE FIKE OF 1873. 
 
 On the night of March 6, 1873, Blossburg was visited by a destructive fire, 
 which swept away nearly the entire business portion of the town, involving owner^ 
 and occupants in a heavy financial loss. The district burned over extended from 
 Carpenter to Hannibal streets, on both sides of Main street. The buildings, being 
 of wood, burned quickly, and the flames spread rapidly. The loss was happily 
 confined to property. Though severely felt, it did not deter the owners of the 
 real estate from rebuilding. Substantial and sightly buildings of brick soon arose 
 to replace the wooden ones destroyed, greatly improving the appeaxance of the 
 business portion of the borough. From time to time, since then, additional brick 
 business buildings have been erected, each in keeping with the prevailing ideas in 
 architecture. The township records and many other valuable papers were either 
 entirely or partially destroyed in this fire, and much valuable information con- 
 cerning the earlier history of Blossburg obliterated, save, in so far as it has been 
 preserved, in the memories of the living. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND LAWXEKS. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Saynisch, a native of Germany, was the first physician to locate 
 permanently in Blossburg. He settled there in 1831, and soon after identified 
 himself with the development of the coal deposits, and with the early mercantile 
 and manufacturing interests of the place, serving for several years as president 
 of the Arbon Coal Company. He continued to practice his profession until his 
 death, in 1858. Dr. Henry Kilbourn, who located in Covington in 1828, included 
 Blossbxirg in the wide territory over which he practiced, residing at different times 
 in each place, during the more than half a century of his active professional career. 
 Among the later physicians were Drs. J'. P. Davison, M. L. Bacon, William Cald- 
 well, Nelson Ingham, Patrick Culnane, H. G. Smythe and I. N. Ingham. The 
 late Dr. L. W. Johnson began practice in the borough in 1883, having previously 
 practiced at Liberty. Dr. Charles Clarence Winsor practiced in the borough from 
 1885 to his death, December 3, 1889. Dr. Francis A. Birrolo came in 1895, but 
 subsequently removed to Trenton, ISTew Jersey, where he died January 21, 1897. 
 The present resident physicians are Dr. G. D. Crandall, who located in 1872, and 
 Dr. E. M. Haley, who came in 1890. 
 
 Clarendon Eathbone was the pioneer lawyer of Blossburg, where he located 
 in 1840, continuing in the active practice of his profession up to within a few 
 years of his death, which occurred August 26, 1882, at the age of eighty-seven 
 years. He was, at the time, the oldest member of the bax of Tioga county. Mr. 
 Eathbone appears to have had the 'field pretty much to himself for a long time. 
 Among the attorneys of more recent years were John C. Horton, who located in 
 Blossburg about 1870; Henry W. Eoland, who located in October, 1876, and 
 Harvey B. Leach, who came to Blossburg in September, 1886, and practiced here 
 until March, 1897, when he removed to Wellsboro. The bar is at present repre- 
 sented by Walter T. Merrick, who began practice in 1886; Charles L. Fellows, 
 who came from Canton, Bradford county, in ISTovember, 1896, and entered into 
 partnership with Mr. Merrick, and Frank Hughes, who was admitted to practice 
 in November, 1896, and became a partner of his preceptor, Mr. Leach. 
 
618 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 A school building was erected about 1835, or possibly a few years later, near 
 the river bank, in the upper part of the borough. Among those who are said to 
 have taught here, were 'William AUsworth, John Jaquish, Margaret Young, Henrietta 
 Oray and Miss Hensler, who afterwaxds married C. Jaequemin, and who gave 
 private lessons in French. About the year 1839 a school building was erected 
 on the north side of Bear run, near the site of the inclined plane. Here David 
 Lewis, Margaret Young and Maria Eathbone taught. A third school building was 
 erected in 1843 in the northern part of the borough, near the present residence 
 of Martin Stratton. Among the early teachers in this school were Maria Hark- 
 ness, Mary Lawrence, Charlotte Harkness, Mr. Salone, John Jacobs, Jerusha 
 Lownsbery and Maria Knowlton. In 1850 a Union school house was erected 
 on ground given by Hon. Horatio Seymour, which was used for public school 
 purposes until 1874, when the present building was erected. E. C. Cross, 
 Clarendon Eathbone, Margaret Yeomans, Myra Horton, William Humphrey and 
 William A. Gaskill taught in this school. The present graded school building is 
 centrally located, on the hillside west of the river, and commands a fine view of 
 the borough and the valley. It is a handsome brick edifice, and cost, with the 
 building site, $13,000. In 1894 a primary school building, centrally located, was 
 erected at a cost of about $1,500. A third school building, erected about twenty 
 years ago, is situated on the west side of the river, on the site of "Peter's 
 Camp." The schools of the borough have been well conducted, and able and ex- 
 perienced teachers have been employed from year to year. 
 
 CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 
 
 Mount Zion Welsh Congregational Church was organized as eaxly as 1840. 
 Among the original members were Thomas Davis, Jenkin Evans, John Bowen, 
 John Hughes and others. A small chapel served as a house of worship until 
 1870, when a church building, costing $3,400, was erected. It was dedicated De- 
 cember 4, of that year, the services being participated in by Eev. Mr. Evans, of 
 Hyde Park; Eev. N. L. Eeynolds, pastor of the Baptist church, and Eev. Harvey 
 Lamkin, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church. This building was burned in 
 December, 1886, and was uninsured. In 1887 the present house of worship on 
 Euah street was erected, costing $3,000. The following are the names of the 
 pastors who have served this church: Eevs. Daniel Lewis, E. Parry, John Davis, 
 Evan Davis, Philip Peregrine, E. Tilo Evans, J. M. Evans, Abraham Jones, Morgan 
 Daniels and Caradoek Jones, the present pastor. The church was incorporated No- 
 vember 37, 1871, William J. Eichards, John M. Evans and Jacob Jones being 
 named as trustees. The present membership is fifty, with forty pupil's in the 
 Sunday-school, of which David E. Evans is superintendent. 
 
 Christ Protestant Episcopal Church was the name of a church chartered May 
 2, 1842, a petition for a charter having been filed in the court of common pleas 
 January 18, 1842. This petition was signed by Miller Pox, Thomas Turner, 
 Clarendon Eathbone, James H. Gulick, J. Jones Smith, James Jenkinson, Frank- 
 lin Wright, James A. Van Ness, J. G. Taylor, Jacob G. Scudder, Samuel W. Lord, 
 Clement H. Smith, John W. Johnson and Charies E. Smith. This church seems 
 
BLOSSBUEG BOEOUGH. 619 
 
 to have had but a brief existence, there being no records showing who were its 
 pastors or members. 
 
 St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church was chartered December 5, 1867, 
 with the following officers: Philip Dykins, senior warden; Isaac E. Eoss, junior 
 warden; James H. Giiliek, 0. F. Taylor, Samuel H. Thompson, J. C. Evans and 
 John Adams, vestrymen. The present church edifice, erected in 1867-68, was 
 consecrated by Bishop Stevens in September of the latter year. The first rector 
 was Rev. M. L. Kern. His successors have been, Eevs. Benjamin Hartley, J. D. 
 Eockwell, J. T. Fugette, J. U. Graf, A. E. DeWitt, and Eev. Marcellus Karcher, 
 the present rector, who came in November, 1894. There are thirty members in 
 the church and seventy-five pupils in the Sunday-school, of which W. A. Shields 
 is the superintendent. 
 
 St. Andreiv's Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1841, with twenty 
 members. The first services were held in a public hall, by Eev. John O'Eeilly, of 
 St. Joseph's, Susquehanna eoimty, Pennsylvania, whose field embraced a circuit of 
 sixty miles, and who had been appointed by Bishop Kendrick, to attend Blossburg 
 and other missions. A site for a church was given by Hon. Horatio Seymour, 
 who, as well as Mr. Calket, of Philadelphia, made other liberal donations. On 
 October 9, 1851, the foundation trenches were dug by Patrick Bannon, Simon 
 ■Golden, James Mooney and Thomas Dissing. In January, 1851, the comer stone 
 was laid by Bishop Kendrick, Eev. F. Ahem being in charge at the time. The 
 contract for the building — a plain, wooden edifice, 30x50 feet, was awarded to 
 John L. Evans, of Blossburg. Eev. I'rancis Maguire, who also attended at Troy, 
 Union, and other missions, was the first resident pastor. His successors have been, 
 Eev. Francis McCarty, 1863 to 1864; Eev. John Laughlin, October, 1864, to -June, 
 1866; Eev. Michael Murphy, 1866 to 1869; Eev. Gerald McMurray, 1869 to 1873; 
 Eev. John A. Wynne, pastor, and Eev. J. C. McDermott, assistant, appointed in 
 1873. Father Wynne died in Blossburg in March, 1879, and was succeeded by 
 Eev. P. J. Murphy, who served until 1889, when the late pastor, Eev. James A. 
 Connolly, took charge. He died in July, 1896, and was succeeded by Eev. Dr. 
 Lucas, the present pastor. 
 
 During the pastorate of Eev. Gerald McMurray, an addition of fifty feet was 
 built to the church and the pastoral residence erected, at a cost of $3,000. The 
 membership of the church embraces seventy-two families, with seventy-five children 
 in the Sunday-school. 
 
 St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church (Polish) was established in 1873, and a 
 church edifice, costing $3,000, erected in 1873. This church, the parochial school 
 and the parish residence connected therewith, is situated in the southern part of 
 the borough, on the hillside, east of the river. The first rector was Eev. A. 
 Claveter, succeeded by Eevs. B. Gramlewitch, L. Spryszynski, T. Klonowski, and 
 the present pastor, S. Siedlecki. The membership of this church consists of 
 sixty families, with about sixty children in the Sunday-school. The parochial 
 school, the teacher of which is L. Olszewski, was established in 1876. There is 
 an average attendance of eighty pupils. A new two-story frame school building, 
 costing $2,000, has recently been erected. Adjoining the church on the south 
 is the parish residence. Within the past three years over $6,000 has been expended 
 
620 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in repairs to the church and 'the parish residence, and in the erection of the new 
 parochial school. Father Siedlecki has charge, also, of St. Joseph's church, Morris 
 Enn. The Polish Catholics of Arnot attend the church in Blossburg. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Blosslurg was incorporated October 4, 1849, 
 soon after its organization. A house of worship was built in 1853, and destroyed 
 by fire in 1863. James H. Gulick, Hon. Horatio Seymour and others, had con- 
 tributed towards its erection, the congregation being small and the means of its 
 members limited. In 1863 the church was rebuilt, but a dispute arising between 
 the congregation and Mr. Gulick, it was sold to the Baptists, and the society soon 
 after ceased to exist. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Blossburg may be said to be the suc- 
 cessor of the First Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal church of Blossburg, incorporated 
 June 3, 1864, with Samuel Kendriek, Elisha L. IN'ash and Joel Saxon as trustees. 
 In the year 1867, during the pastorate over the latter church of Eev. J. G. Crane, 
 Eev. Harvey Lamkin, of Mansfield, was called to organize a Methodist Episcopal 
 church. This he did, Mr. Crane and nearly all the members of his congregation 
 Joining. The society was duly incorporated December 5, 1867. The following 
 are the names of the pastors: Eevs. M. S. Kymer, 1867-68; Harvey Lamkin, 
 1870-74; C. G. Lovell, 1874-76; Charles H. AVright, 1876-79; E. N. Leake, 1879-83; 
 J. B. Shearer, 1883-84; Eobert Brewster, 1884^-died June 34, 1887; C. S. Carr, 
 1887-88; B. J. Tracy, 1888-93; E. S. Annable, 1893-96; J. B. Beadle, the present 
 pastor, who took charge in October, 1896. A church edifice, costing $5,590, was 
 erected in 1871 by Samuel Gaylord. In the spring and summer of 1895 this 
 building was repaired, within and without, at a cost of $4,400. A handsome 
 parsonage, erected in 1888, and costing $3,000, occupies the lot just west of the 
 church. The church and parsonage, which are situated on the west bank of the 
 Tioga river. Just north of the Main street bridge, are valued at $10,000. There 
 are now 175 members, with 170 pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Mrs. M. J. 
 Brewster is superintendent. There are also ninety-six members in the Epworth 
 League, made up of the younger members of the church. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Blossburg was formally recognized by a council of 
 the Baptist churches of the Tioga Association in May, 1867. Its previous history is 
 as follows: After the rebuilding of the Presbyterian church in 1863, by James H. 
 Gulick, and his controversy with the Presbyterian congregation, he offered the build- 
 ing to several denominations in Blossburg. In May, 1865, Eevs. G. P. Watrous and 
 N. L. Eeynolds were invited by Judge L. B. Smith and Henry Hollands to confer with 
 them in relation to purchasing it for the use of the Baptist denomination. This was 
 done, and Eev. IST. L. Eeynolds became the pastor. Henry Hollands was chosen clerk 
 and deacon, L. B. Smith and Henry Hollands, trustees in behalf of the church, 
 and A. H. Gaylord for the congregation. Mr. Eeynolds continued as pastor until 
 1871, during which time the membership increased to sixty-seven. His successors 
 have been as follows: Eevs. J. A. Baskwell, June, 1871, to September, 1873; E. 
 S. Mills, December, 1873, to 1878; F. K. Fowler, 1878 to June 30, 1886; Eugene 
 Eiehl, December 5, 1886, to 1891; W. C. D. Bond, 1891 to July, 1896. Eev. Joseph 
 Klucker, the present pastor, took charge in September, 1896. In 1889 the present 
 handsome church building, occupying the old building site, was erected at a cost 
 
BLOSSBUEli BOEOUGH. 621 
 
 of $5,000, and was dedicated February 5, 1890, the building committee being Henry 
 Hollands, D. H. Stratton, Rev. Eugene Riehl and S. S. F. Landon. This church 
 has a large membership, and is prosperous. The Sunday-school has 135 teachers 
 and pupils and is in charge of I. M. Horton, superintendent. 
 
 The Second Congregational Cliureh of Blossburg was organized in 1886, and 
 incorporated rebruaxy 21, 1887. The first pastor, Eev. James Evans, served from 
 the organization until the end of the year 1887, when he resigned. April 1, 1888, 
 Eev. James T. Matthews, the present pastor, took charge. This church has a mem- 
 bership of about 100, a Sunday-school of 150 pupils and a Young People's Christian 
 Endeavor Society, of which Charles Parker is president, of forty-five active mem- 
 bers. Isaac Hewitt is the superintendent of the Sunday-school. In the fall of 
 1886 a church building was erected at a cost of $3,000. It is situated on the west 
 side of Williamson street, above Lynd street. 
 
 The Cemeteries of Blossburg, four in number, are situated in the southern part 
 of the borough. They are known as Union, Odd Fellows, the English Catholic and 
 the Polish Catholic cemeteries, and are used as burial places by the people of Bloss- 
 burg, Amot, Antrim, Fall Brook, Morris Run and Union. Within their inclosure? 
 lie the remains of many of the earlier settlers in each of those places. The grounds 
 of each are fenced and well-cared for, and many of the graves are marked by hand- 
 some granite and marble monuments. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Arhon Lodge, No. 489, 1. 0. 0. P., was organized May 20, 1853. The first ofii- 
 cers were: John James, N. G.; J. B. Huisted, V. G.; John Lang, S.; Thomas Han- 
 son, P. S.; Evan Bowen, T. It flourished and met regularly until 1859, when, owing 
 to decrease of membership, caused by withdrawals and removals, it suspended work. 
 It was reorganized March 10, 1865. This is the parent of the lodges at Morris Run 
 and Fall Brook. It now numbers 241 members. 
 
 Enterprise Encampment, No. 153, I. 0. 0. F., was organized April 20, 1867. 
 The first officers were: T. B. Anderson, C. P.; David Harrison, J. W.; Matthew 
 Waddell, H. P.; John Dunsmore, S. W.; John Evans, S.; David Brown, T.; James 
 Wighton, F. G.; William Smart, S. G. The encampment now numbers 175 members. 
 
 Faith Degree Lodge, No. 9G, Daughters of Rebekah, was instituted October 30, 
 1874, with thirty-eight charter members. The first officers were: Thomas Trimble, 
 N". G.; Mrs. Harriet Mayo, V. G.; Mrs. E. M. Doane, S.; Mrs. Lucy Mold, T. This 
 lodge now numbers forty-nine members. 
 
 Bloss Lodge, No. 360, A. Y. M., was organized March 9, 1865, with the following 
 officers: James P. Taylor, W. M.; Alfred T. James, S. W.; A. L. Bodine, J. W.; 
 T. B. Anderson, T.; Israel G. Wood, S.; Daniel H. Stratton, S. D.; Rufus Farr, 
 J. D.; William M. Butler, S. M. of C; L. Auerback, T. The names of the past 
 masters of this lodge are as follows: James P. Taylor, Rufus Farr, Nathan Clegg, 
 G. V. Putnam, William P. Parker, George C. Fuller, Alfred T. James, Rufus Farr, 
 Stephen H. Hollands, Nelson Ingram, Hugh Reynolds, Samuel McDougall, Frank 
 H. Stratton, Augustus E. Botchford, George D. Clark, W. P. Parker and Howard 
 H. Roberts. The lodge now numbers ninety-six members. 
 
Q22 HISTOBT OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 St. Andrew's C. T. A. & B. Association is made up of the members of the Cath- 
 olic faith, and is the result of repeated efforts to permanently establish a total ab- 
 stinence society in Blossburg. The first society, non-sectarian, was organized Jan- 
 uary 1, 1868. Its officers were William D. Hyde, P.; J. W. Burgen, S.; Daniel 
 McCarty, T., and Dennis McCarty, Timothy Donoyan and Hugh Kerwan directors.. 
 A temperance brass band was also organized. The membership of this society 
 soon dwindled. December 26, 1869, the faithful few met and organized a Catholic- 
 temperance society, the first officers of which were Eev. Gerald McMurray, P.; Ed- 
 ward Gavigan, V. P.; Dr. Patrick Culnane, T.; Thomas V. Keefe, L., and M. 
 Clohessy, Thomas Bradley and Dennis McCarty, Jr., directors. This organization 
 also went out of existence within a year or two. Still persevering, however, a num- 
 ber of friends of temperance met August 16, 187-i, in the tailor shop of James. 
 Conlon and organized St. Andrew's Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent 
 Association. Similar societies have since been organized in Arnot, Fall Brook,, 
 Morris Eun, Antrim and Morris. The first officers were Michael Ely, P.; James 
 Conlon, T.; Hugh Kerwan, E. & F. S., and Charles H. Bennet, M. This society 
 now numbers about fifty-five members and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 St. Andrew's Society, No. SO, C. K. of A., was chartered January 3, 1879, with, 
 the following officers: Edward Gavigan, P.; J. J. McCarty, V. P.; Philip Gold- 
 meyer, S.; Henry Gilbert, T., and James Leahy and John Haily, members. The 
 society now numbers twenty-five members. 
 
 Division No. J^, A. 0. H., was organized in September, 1890, by M. S. Murray,, 
 county president, with the following officers: John Lyons, P.; P. J. Donahue, V. 
 P.; James Cowley, E. S.; W. F. O'Donnell, F. S., and T. J. Golden, T. It has now 
 forty members. The officers of the county organization are as follows: M. S.. 
 Murray, Blossburg, president; John F. Lynch, Antrim, secretary; Edward P. 
 Eyan, Arnot, treasurer. 
 
 Bhss Lodge, No. 167, K. of H., was organized July 12, 1876. The first officers; 
 were A. J. Owen, P. D.; A. T. James, D.; Dr. E. G. Drake, V. D.; L. A. Wing, A. 
 D.; D. H. Stratton, C; J. A. Hadley, G.; A. J. Pollock, E.; J. L. Davis, P. E.j 
 G. A. Lewis, T.; Eobert Davie, G.; James Vaughan, S.; A. J. Owen, L. A. Wing 
 and A. M. Ingham, trustees; A. J. Owen, representative to the Grand Lodge, and 
 Dr. E. G. Drake, medical director. This lodge now numbers ninety-four members. 
 
 Lieut. Henry J. Brown Post, No. 171, 0. A. R., was organized March 22, 1882,. 
 and was named in honor of Li^ut. Henry J. Brown, a second lieutenant in the Sev- 
 enth Ohio Zouaves, who was killed at the battle of Slaughter Mountain. The first 
 officers were George H. Brown, C; George Wilson, S. V. C; N. H. Eobbins, 0. D.;: 
 A. J. Brown, Q. M.; S. W. Patterson, 0. G.; G. W. Sheffer, E. D. E.; P. M. Smith, 
 Adj't; George Eiehter, C. B.; Eev. E. S. Schenck, C, and Thomas W. Brown, H. 
 J. Marvin, Edward W. Maynard, A. J. Brown, Miles G. Lee, D. S. Ireland, N. H. 
 Eobbins, F. M. Smith, D. J. Williams, Samuel Trull, Frank Towner and I. N. 
 Ingram, M. D., members. Lieutenant Brown, for whom the post was named, was- 
 a native of Covington. The post now numbers forty-seven members. 
 
 Lieut. Henry. J. Brown, W. R. C, No. 127, was organized January 16, 1889. 
 The first officers were as follows: Mrs. Emily Evans, P.; Mrs. Phoebe Botchford,_ 
 S. V. P.; Mrs. Mattie Marvin, J. V. P.; Mrs. Ina Cook, S.; Mrs. Annie S. Evans,. 
 
BLOSSBUBG BOEOUGH. 623 
 
 T.; Mrs. Maggie Tracy, Ch.; Mrs. May Marvin, C; Mrs. Ruth Trull, G.; Mrs. 
 Helen Trull, A. C; Mrs. Kate Brown and Mrs. Genie Tracy, A. G. Since its organi- 
 zation this corps has expended for relief purposes, in money, $150; other than money, 
 between $900 and $1,000. It now numbers forty-one members. 
 
 Tlie Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Blossburg was organized April 
 21, 1887. The first officers were Mrs. Mary Jennings, P.; Mrs. I. M. Horton, R. S.; 
 Mrs. D. Botchford, C. S., and Mrs. Henry Sendlinger, T. This tmion maintains a free 
 reading room. 
 
 WasMngto7i Camp, No. 6^4, P- 0. S. of A., was chartered May 13, 1893, with 
 fifteen members. It meets in the Odd Fellows' building, and has eighty-three 
 members. 
 
 LATER BUSINESS COEPOBATIONS. 
 
 The Blossburg Petroleum Company was chartered June 11, 1877, the incorpora- 
 tors being A. T. James, T. J. Mooers, William Larkin, N. Ingram, Albert Ward and 
 J. C. Horton. The company was organized for the purpose of boring for petroleum 
 oil, and a well was sunk in the southern part of the borough. Although the oil 
 sand was reached, the well proved a dry one. No attempt has since been made to 
 sink another well. 
 
 The Blossburg Water Company was organized in July, 1891, and incorporated 
 September 14, 1891, with $60,000 capital stock, divided into 600 shares of $100 
 each. The incorporators, stockholders and directors were Hon. Lemuel Ammer- 
 man, president; Hon. Louis A. Watres, vice-president; Robert C. Adams, secretary 
 and treasurer; John M. Corbett and John F. Murphy. This company was organized 
 for the purpose of supplying Blossburg with water. Work on the plant was begun 
 September 1, 1891, and the water turned on January 1, 1893. The gravity system 
 is used, the water being brought a distance of two and three-fourths miles, the 
 source of supply being Taylor run and its tributaries, which drain an area of nine 
 square miles. The storage basin on Taylor run has a capacity of 4,000,000 gallons. 
 It is 330 feet above the borough level. Frank H. Stratton is the superintendent 
 of the company in Blossburg. 
 
 The Blossburg Beef Company, organized April 4, 1893, is a branch of G. F. &, 
 E. C. Swift, Chicago. A cold storage building for the reception of fresh meats, 
 shipped from Chicago in carload lots, was erected and placed in charge of H. E. , 
 DePui. A large business is transacted with dealers in Blossburg, Fall Brook, Morris. 
 Run, Arnot, Covington and other places. 
 
 The Blossburg Building, Real Estate and Improvement Company was chartered' 
 October 3, 1893, the incorporators being R. J. Stillwell, G. M. Hunt, James H. 
 Mold, A. L. Smith, F. B. Smith, and John L. Davis, treasurer. The capital stock 
 is $10,000, divided into 300 shares of $50 each. The object of the company is ex- 
 pressed by its name. 
 
 The Miners National Bank is the successor of a private banking house estab- 
 lished May 1, 1871, by Horace and Samuel W. Pomeroy, of Troy, Pennsylvania, and 
 W. H. Smith, under the firm name of Pomeroy Brothers & Smith. The first location 
 was in the Eagle Hotel block, which was destroyed by the fire of March, 1873. The 
 present building was erected in June of that year. In June, 1880, Mr. Smith sold 
 
g24 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 his interest to Frederick E. Smith, of Tioga, and the firm became Pomeroy Brothers 
 & F. E. Smith. Mr. Smith died October 8, 1889. His son, A. L. Smith, who had 
 entered the bank in 1879, and had filled the position of cashier, became the repre- 
 sentative of his father's interest. The practical management of the bank, which had 
 been intrusted to him, was continued, his assistant being J. L. Davis. Under^ his 
 management the institution prospered, weathering, for twenty-five years, periods 
 of panic and financial depression, and fully meriting the confidence in its stability 
 reposed in it by the public. July 1, 1895, the capital stock of $50,000 having been 
 previously subscribed, and the laws relating to national banks complied with, it 
 opened as the Miners National Bank of Blossburg, with the following officers and 
 board of directors: Samuel W. Pomeroy, president; L. W. Eighmey, vice-president; 
 A. L. Smith, cashier; J. L. Davis, assistant cashier, and S. W. Pomeroy, L. W. 
 Eighmey, A. L. Smith, F. B. Smith and Charles E. Bullock, directors. Since the 
 organization as a national bank, the bank building has been remodeled and repaired 
 throughout. On January 13, 1897, A. L. Smith was elected president, to succeed 
 S. W. Pomeroy, deceased; L. W. Eighmey, vice-president, and J. L. Davis, cashier. 
 
 THE COTTAGE STATE HOSPITAL. 
 
 A hospital for injured persons of the bituminous and semi-bituminous coal 
 regions of Pennsylvania, was erected in Blossburg during the year 1890, under an act 
 of the legislature, providing for such institutions, framed and introduced by the 
 Hon. Horace B. Packer, of Wellsboro. The building is located on the hillside, east 
 of the river, in the northern part of the borough, the site and grounds embracing 
 five acres, being elevated, picturesque and healthful. There are two wards, 25x46' 
 feet each, built of wood, forming north and south wings of a brick administration 
 building located between them. In the latter is the office, the operating room and 
 a hall connecting the two wards, the dining room and the kitchen. In the second 
 story are the pharmacy, the linen room and the sleeping rooms of the matron and 
 nurses. There is also an annex building or ward separate from the main building, 
 for the purpose of isolating patients who may develop contagious diseases. In the 
 main building are thirty-nine beds and in the annex twelve. There is also an ice 
 house, a bam and open carriage sheds. The building was delivered to the State 
 October 30, 1890, by David Cameron, and the first patient received ia February, 
 1891. The first physician was Dr. H. E. Caldwell. His successors have been Dr. 
 E. M. Haley and Dr. G. D. Crandall, the present physician. Mrs. A. E. Strait, the 
 matron, is assisted by two nurses, one for the male and one for the female ward. 
 
 This hospital is intended principally for the treatment, free of charge, of per- 
 sons injured in the bituminous coal region, but pay patients, except those suffering 
 from contagious diseases, are also received and treated. The institution is managed 
 by a board of trustees, constituted as follows: W. S. bearing, Morris Eun, presi- 
 dent; Hon. Charles Tubbs, Osceola, vice-president; Henry J. Landrus*, Wellsboro, 
 secretary; Hugh Cunningham, Arnot, treasurer, and Eichard T. Dodson*, Arnot; 
 
 * since this article was compiled, Henry J. Landrus, Richard T. Dodson and John Van Dyke have died. 
 The vacancies thus created in the board have been filled by the appointment of A. Lee Smith, of Blossburg ; 
 Frank H. Dartt, of Arnot, and Aaron R. Niles, of Wellsboro. Mr. Innes, of Canton, succeeded Mr. Landrus as 
 secretary of the board. 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 625 
 
 Jacob Jones, Blossburg; Daniel Innes, Canton; Hamilton B. Humes, Jersey Shore, 
 and John Van Dyke*, Canton. The governor of the State, judges of the several 
 courts of record of the Commonwealth, inspectors of mines and members of the 
 legislature are ex-officio visitors. The institution is maintained and supported by 
 legislative appropriations. 
 
 CHAPTEE LIY. 
 
 HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Physical Chabacteeistics— Mineral, Wealth— Streams— Rail- 
 roads— Population— Justices OF THE Peace — Morris Run Mines and Rail- 
 road—Coal Minino Companies— The Village of Morris Run— Schools and 
 Churches — Societies. 
 
 HAMILTON township was created December 5, 1871, its territory being taken 
 from Bloss and Ward townships. It is one of the smaller townships of the 
 county and contains about fifteen square miles. Its surface is broken and for the 
 most part mountainous, and was originally covered with a heavy forest growth. 
 The pine and hemlock have been nearly all cut away, while a large amount of hard- 
 wood timber is annually used for props, etc., in the coal mines. The elevation 
 ranges from 1,360 to 1,800 feet above the sea level. Nearly the entire area of the 
 township is underlaid with coal, iron ore and fire clay. Of the coal, three veins, 
 the Seymour, Bloss and Bear Eun, are workable. The township is well watered, 
 the principal stream being the Tioga river, which flows in a northwesterly direction 
 through the southern half, receiving Carpenter run, which flows from the 
 south, and Morris run, which flows from, the northwest. The valley of the 
 Tioga is traversed by the Fall Brook railroad, and that of Morris run by 
 the Morris Eun railroad. The lands of the Morris Eun Coal Mining Com- 
 pany occupy nearly the entire area of the township, the portion devoted to 
 agriculture being very limited. "With the exception of some twenty-five or thirty 
 families at Cummings' mills, near the southeast comer of the Blossburg borough 
 limits; a few families at Aylesworth mill, near the mouth of Taylor run, and a 
 small settlement of Polish families in the northern part of the township, the popu- 
 lation is confined to the village of Morris Eun. In 1880 the census returns showed 
 3,060 inhabitants, and in 1890, 2,375. 
 
 The office of justice of the peace has been filled as follows: "W. S. Nearing, 
 elected in 1873; W. L. Eichards, 1873; Nathan Church, 1877; Samuel Woodhouse, 
 1877; re-elected in 1883, 1887, 1893 and 1897. 
 40 
 
626 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 MOEBTS EUN MINES AND EAILEOAD. 
 
 In 1832 when Eiehard C. Taylor made a geographical survey of the region in 
 and around Blossburg, he discovered the existence of several coal veins in the valley 
 of Morris run, a small mountain stream which rises in the northeastern part of Ham- 
 ilton township, flows southwest, and empties into the Tioga river near the southeast 
 corner of the Blossburg borough limits. It was named in honor of Hon. Samuel 
 W. Morris, a pioneer settler of Wellsboro, prominently identified with the construc- 
 tion of the Corning and Blossburg railroad. In 1852 explorations, with a view to 
 opening up new coal mines, were carried on in the valley of this stream, under the 
 direction of the Tioga Improvement Company, with the result that coal of a superior 
 quality and in paying quantities was discovered near its headwaters, about two and 
 a half miles east of Blossburg. Steps were immediately taken to mine and market 
 the coal. In order to do this it became necessary to build a line of railroad from 
 Blossburg, along the valley of the Tioga river, to Morris run, and up the valley of 
 that stream to the coal openings. This road was surveyed during the same year 
 by Col. Pharon Jarrett, of Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, assisted by Humphries Brewer 
 and J. Livingstone, and completed in October, 1853. It is four miles in length, and 
 rises from an elevation above tidewater of 1,348 feet at Blossburg to 1,687 feet at 
 Morris Eun. It is now operated as a part of the "Erie" system. 
 
 COAL MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 The Morris Eun mines were opened in 1853 and were operated ixntil 1863 by 
 the Tioga Improvement Company, during which time there were mined 333,174 
 tons of coal. John Young was the first mining superintendent of the company, 
 and James Brown, Peter Cameron, Jr., and Henry J. Landrus weighmasters. 
 The office of the company was located at Blossburg, and that of the superintendent 
 occupied a log building at Morris Eun. Alfred Jones was appointed general sales 
 agent at Coming, New York, and also a paymaster of the company. 
 
 From 1863 to 1864 the mines were operated imder lease by the Salt Company 
 of Onondaga county, New York, with business office at Syracuse. MaJ. T. B. 
 Anderson was appointed mercantile agent, and the business of the company carried 
 on more extensively than before. Stores, offices, chutes and an increased number 
 of dwellings were erected. During this period, and later, under the Morris Euri 
 Coal Company, John J. Davis was employed in exploring and developing the mines. 
 He opened the East and Salt Lake drifts, advocated and adopted the T rail for mine 
 tramways, ajid was the first to introduce mules in the mines. 
 
 In 1864 the Salt Company was succeeded by the Morris Eun Coal Company. 
 This company was chartered October 3, 1864, with $300,000 capital, and consisted 
 of S. P. Haskin, president; John F. Dee, treasurer, who, with L. Gleason and 
 Thomas T. Davis, all of Onondaga county, New York, formed the board of directors. 
 The company's offices were located at Blossburg, with a business office at Syracuse, 
 New York. ^Y. S. Nearing, at first employed as civil and mining engineer, was 
 before the close of the year given full control as superintendent. This position he 
 has filled with marked ability for thirty-two years. Every improvement or appliance 
 tending to facilitate the working of the mines or promote the health and safety of 
 the miners, that has stood the test of successful operation, has been adopted by him, 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 627 
 
 and the mines under his charge are reputed to be among the best ventilated and 
 the best managed in the State. 
 
 In 1877 the Morris Run Coal Company was succeeded by the Morris Eun Coal 
 Mining Company. This company wisely retained the old employes, almost with- 
 out exception, and many of them are still in its service. Promotions have come to 
 those who have proved themselves faithful and capable. Patrick F. O'Donnell, 
 cashier and paymaster of the company, has held that position since March, 1868, 
 and has disbursed millions of dollars. In the office with him are his son, John 
 F. O'Donnell, book-keeper, and William Tipton, time-keeper. William O'Donnell, 
 another son, is the freight and ticket agent of the company. Thomas V. Keefe, 
 the telegraph operator and shipping clerk, worked in the mines as a boy, and has 
 reached his present position by successive promotions. James C. Hadley, mining 
 foreman, is an old employe. Michael DriscoU, foreman of the Jones mine, has 
 been employed in Morris Run since the opening of the mines, coming from Bloss- 
 burg in 1854. Campbell Haddow, foreman of the "Lake" or "New" mine, has 
 been in the company's employ over twenty years. The weighmasters are John 
 Palmer, at the Jones mine, and John Hayes, one of the oldest employes of the com- 
 pany, at the "Lake" or "New" mine. Henry Hollands held the position of weigh- 
 master at Blossburg from May 18, 1863, to his death, November 28, 1895. His 
 successor is Frank H. Stratton. Homer C. Treat, the outside foreman, has charge 
 of the saw-mill and of the force employed in the woods getting out logs, tan bark 
 and timber for mine props. The saw-mill has a capacity of 20,000 feet of lumber 
 a day. 
 
 The Jones mine is ventilated by a twenty-foot exhausting fan, driven by 
 steam. The "New" mine is ventilated by shafts. Coal from the Jones mine is 
 conveyed to the chutes in mine cars hauled by an endless wire rope or cable; the 
 cars in the "New" mine are hauled by mules to the main drift, and then by mine 
 locomotives to the chiites. Dm-ing 1894 there were 709 men employed by the 
 company, 533 of whom were miners. The average number of days worked by each 
 man during the year was 138f, and the total amount of coal mined 309,861 tons. 
 The mining and timber lands of the company embrace about 7,000 acres, and are 
 situated in Hamilton, Ward, Union, Bloss and Covington townships. 
 
 The Tioga and Morris Run Telegraph Company was chartered September 23, 
 1879, the incorporators being W. S. Nearing, Morris Eun; A. J. Owen, Fall Brook; 
 Anton Hardt, Alonzo H. Gorton and George E. Bowen. The line built by this 
 company runs from Tioga Junction to Morris Eun and Fall Brook, and is for the 
 use principally of the Morris Eun and Fall Brook Coal Companies. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF MOEHIS RUN. 
 
 As a preparation for the working of the mines and the building up about them 
 of a mining village, sixteen log houses were erected in 1853, the first occupants of 
 which were Joseph and Henry Mitchell, James E. Cameron, Joseph Hughes, Frank 
 Smith, Samuel Vickers, John Nailor, William Kelley, Andrew Baird, William E. 
 Gilmour, William Bland, Dennis Mooney, John Kelley and James Brown. An 
 office building for the superintendent and a store building were soon afterward 
 erected, as were also coal chutes, switches, etc. 
 
628 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 After the Morris Run Coal Company assumed control of the mines the village 
 grew rapidly. Churches and lodges were organized and schools established, and 
 large accessions to the mining population were received from Wales, England, 
 Scotland and Ireland. In 1874 there were 3,350 inhabitants, occupying 356 
 dwellings. The present business interests include a general store, owned by G-eorge 
 A. Magee, and managed by M. Tucker, agent. It is patronized by employes of the 
 company, and the amount of business done each year is very large. Abemathy 
 & Company run the meat market and also a wholesale liquor store; 
 
 A postoffice was established soon after the opening of the mines, the first post- 
 master being John James, Jr. His successors have been E. C. Bailey, Stephen 
 Bowen, T. G. Dallman, Philip Williams and Lewis Hearing. 
 
 The resident physicia^as are Dr. H. E. Caldwell and Dr. J. H. Keily, each of 
 whom carries on a drug store in connection with his practice. Among the pre- 
 decessors of Drs. Caldwell and Keily were Dr. William Caldwell, who came in 1867 
 and remained until 1891; Dr. Charles Drake, Dr. Nathan Ingram, Dr. Griffin, 
 Dr. W. W. Williams, Dr. Smythe, Dr. Henry Kilbourn and Dr. M. L. Bacon. 
 
 The Hamilton House, erected in 1864, is the only hotel. The first landlord 
 was Frederick Caldwell, succeeded by David Wetzel, Capt. E. C. Bailey, George 
 W. Philhps, Stephen Bowen, T. G. Dallman and Niel Munro. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. 
 
 There are two public school buildings in Morris Eun. Five teachers are em- 
 ployed, and the schools hold a creditable rank among those of the county. A public 
 school is also maintained at Cummings' mill. The children of the Polish families 
 in the northern part of the township attend a school erected in 1895 just across the 
 Covington township line, but on the Morris Eun Coal Mining Company's land. 
 There is also in Morris Eun a parochial school, conducted by Eev. S. Siedlecki, 
 pastor of the Polish Eoman Catholic church. In this school both the Polish and 
 English languages are taught. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Morris Run was organized July 5, 1856, with the 
 following membership: xilexander and Jean Pollock, James and Marion Brown, 
 Andrew and Catherine Baird, John and Janet Dunsmore, William and Jane Gil- 
 mour, William and Catherine Watchman, John and Elizabeth Baird, James Mor- 
 rison, Mrs. Mary Young and Mrs. Mary Eodolph. Alexander Pollock was chosen 
 elder; William Gilmour, deacon, and James Brown, clerk. Eev. Sidney Mills was 
 the acting pastor. This church maintained its organization until 1859. On May 
 11, 1864, after a lapse of about five years, the First Presbyterian church in Morris 
 Eun was organized with twenty-one members, most of whom belonged to the church 
 organized in 1856. This church continued as an organized society until 1877, when, 
 owing to the removal of the greater part of its membership to Arnot, it passed out 
 of existence. The last entry in the session book is dated August 26, 1877. 
 
 The Welsh Baptist Church was organized in the year 1864. The first pastor 
 was Eev. J. E. Harris, the deacons John M. Jenkins and William S. Edwards. A 
 church building was completed and dedicated in August, 1873. It is a neat and 
 attractive edifice, capable of seating 400 persons, and represents an outlay of $3,500. 
 The church has had no pastor for several years. 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. g29 
 
 The Primitive Methodist Church is the successor of a Welsh congregation 
 organized in 1864. The present organization was effected about 1869. The build- 
 ing was erected in 1866, and, with repairs and improvements, has cost about $3,400. 
 The names of the pastors who have served this church are as follows: Eevs. Thomas 
 Bateman, Mr. Sniffin, John Acornly, D. Savage, John Mason, John Atkinson, 
 Thomas McKay, S. Hancock, W. Gratton and T. M. Phillips, who has had charge 
 since June, 1894. Thomas P. Cornish is the superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
 The church numbers thirty members, and the Sunday-school has an average attend- 
 ance of ninety pupils. 
 
 The First Welsh Congregation of Morris Bun was organized about 1864, and 
 was regularly chartered, under the above name, January 29, 1867, the trustees being 
 David Jones, John E. Jones and David Davis. Rev. Philip Peregrine, of Bloss- 
 burg, was the first pastor. Eev. F. Tilo Evans, also of Blossburg, served this church 
 for a number of years. Eemovals weakened its membership, who being unable to 
 support a pastor, have for several years worshiped with the church in Blossburg. 
 
 St. Mary's Soman Catholic Church was organized December 31, 1883, when the 
 following officers were elected: Eev. P. J. Murphy, chairman; P. P. O'Donnell, 
 treasurer; Thomas V. Keefe, secretary, and Daniel Pogarty, Philip Haily, David 
 Hays, P. P. O'Donnell, Thomas V. Keefe and Eev. P. J. Murphy, building com- 
 mittee. A neat building, costing $1,500 — ^the Morris Eun Coal Mining Com- 
 pany contributing the lumber — ^was erected, and was opened for service on Christmas 
 day, 1883. This church is served by the pastor of St. Andrew's Eoman Catholic 
 church, Blossburg, in which charge it has been since its organization. There is 
 connected with this church a branch of the Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevo- 
 lent Association, with a large membership. 
 
 St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church (Polish) was organized in 1892. Its mem- 
 bership consists of about 150 families, with seventy children in the Sunday-school. 
 The church building, a commodious frame edifice, cost $4,000. This church is under 
 the charge of the pastor of the Polish Catholic church in Blossburg. 
 
 The Swedish Lutheran Church was organized in 1888. It holds services in a 
 neat edifice, erected at a cost of $600. There are about one hundred members in 
 the church, and thirty-five pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Albert Swenson 
 is the superintendent. Although this church has had no regular pastor, its pulpit 
 has been supplied by students from the Lutheran college at Eock Island, Illinois 
 Eev. 0. A. Johnson, a student of this college, has been serving the church for the 
 past year. 
 
 The Morris Run Baptist Church was organized August 20, 1896, with twenty- 
 two members, and was admitted into the Tioga Baptist Association, September 3, 
 1896. This society worships in the old Welsh Baptist church building, and is in 
 charge of Eev. J. A. Klucker, pastor of the church at Blossburg. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The societies of Morris Eun are an important factor in promoting social and 
 fraternal feeling among the diverse nationalities that make up its population. The 
 pioneer society is Morris Eun Lodge, No. 698, 1. 0. 0. P. It was instituted January 
 33, 1870, with forty-one members, and has now nearly 100. Louisa Lodge, No. 
 
630 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 105, D. of E., was organized May 14, 1875. After flourishing for several years it 
 surrendered its charter, but was revived in 1895. Tioga Lodge, IS"o. 304, K. of P., 
 was organized June 22, 1871, with twenty-four charter members, since increased 
 to 150. Caradog Ap Bran, No. 11, Adran P., a "Welsh social and benevolent organi- 
 zation, known as "Ivorites," was organized May 14, 1872. A few years ago it was 
 merged with the lodge at Punxsutawney, Jefferson county, by reason of removals 
 and decreased membership. Morris Eun Lodge, Ko. 109, 1. 0. G. T., was organized 
 June 27, 1888. It now numbers twenty members. Division No. 3, A. 0. H., was 
 organized August 25, 1889, and has now upwards of sixty members. 
 
 CHAPTEE LY. 
 
 WAED TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Oeganization— Reduction of Area— Drainage— Population— Justices of the 
 Pbace—EaelySettlers— ManufactuhingEnterpbises— Schools— Churches, 
 Cemeteries and Societies. 
 
 w 
 
 'AED township, named in honor of C. L. Ward, of Towanda, Pennsylvania, was 
 . . organized in February, 1852, and was taken from Sullivan and Union town- 
 ships. In August, 1864, its area was diminished by the creation of Fall Brook bor- 
 ough. It is bounded on the north by Sullivan township; on the east by Bradford 
 county; on the south by Union township, and on the west by Hamilton and Coving- 
 ton townships. It is an upland township, lying for the most part along the sum- 
 mit and in the valleys of the Armenia mountain, .through which flow the Tioga 
 river and its headwater branches. These are Fellows' creek, Highbank creek, 
 Brandy run and Little Falls creek, which flow from the north; and Eathbone creek, 
 which flows from the east, and South creek, from the south. Joiner's creek, which 
 flows through the southeastern part of the township, is a branch of South creek. 
 The river itself passes through the township from northeast to southwest. A large 
 portion of the surface of Ward is underlaid with semi-bituminous coal, similar in 
 kind and quality to that mined in Fall Brook and Monis Eun, and known as Bloss- 
 burg coal. These deposits have not yet been developed. When the township was 
 flrst settled its area was nearly all covered by a heavy growth of timber. The 
 greater part of this has been manufactured into lumber. 
 
 Though containing a larger portion of unimproved land than most of the other 
 townships of the county, Ward has many well-improved and well-cultivated farms. 
 It has grown slowly but steadily. In 1870 there were 285 inhabitants; in 1880, 
 327, and in 1890, 442. 
 
WAED TOWNSHIP. 631 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 formation of the township: Erastus Kiii, 1853; re-elected, 1858 and 1865; Zalmon 
 Gregory, 1853; James D. Hill, 1858; James Heron, 1863; L. C. Shepard, 1864; 
 William E. Lyon, 1865; re-elected, 1870; Tracy 0. HoUis, 1870; re-elected, 1876 
 and 1881; George K. Beardsley, 1875; Wallace Chase, 1881; re-elected, 1886 and 
 1891; A. A. Griswold, 1884, and C. H. Smith, 1897. 
 
 EAELY SETTLEKS. 
 
 The first settlement in the township was made on Armenia mountain, near 
 the head of Fellow^' creek, along the Sullivan township line. Here Eussell Eose, 
 a native of Connecticut, and an officer on AVashington's staff during the Eevolu- 
 tionary War, located in 1807. It is said that a numher of others from the New 
 England states settled in the same neighborhood, but, discovering soon afterward 
 that better land lay in the valleys, abandoned their locations, Eussell Eose removing 
 to Sullivan township. This portion of Ward township now bears the name of the 
 "Old Possessions." 
 
 No further attempts at settlement appear to have been made until after 1830. 
 Among the earHest settlers were WHliam aad Matthias Mcintosh, who settled in 
 Mcintosh Hollow, in the northeastern part of the township, about 1835. In this 
 year, also, Andrew KnifiBn settled on the place now occupied by his grandson, Daniel 
 TTTiifRTi . About 1839 Erastus Kiff settled on Eathbone creek, in the eastern part 
 of the township. Among other early settlers were Walter Dewey, Samuel Beach, 
 John Purvis, William E. Lyon, J. W. Fletcher, Daniel Hagar, Phineas B. Fields, 
 W. B. Gates and Eoswell Joiner, all of whom came between 1840 and 1850. When 
 the first assessment of the township was made in 1853, there were forty-two resident 
 taxables. 
 
 MANtTFACTUHING ENTBEPEISES. 
 
 A saw-mill was erected about 1853, on the Tioga river, in Mcintosh Hollow, 
 by William Mcintosh, and was operated by himself and M. E. Mcintosh for nearly 
 fifteen years. It was afterwaxds operated by Mcintosh & Kinch and Mcintosh & 
 Thomas. The next mill was erected, about 1855, by John M. and Erastus Kiff, on 
 Eathbone creek, in the eastern part of the township. They carried it on until about 
 1870, when Warren Whiteman took it and ran it for several years. About 1863 W E. 
 Lyon built a saw-mUl near the mouth of Eathbone creek. The mill, within a few 
 years, became the property of Wallace Chase and was run by him and those associated 
 with him up to 1890. A number of other mills were established in different parts of 
 the township and operated as long as the timber supply lasted. The present enter- 
 prises consist of the steam saw-mill of G. M. Coons, near the head of Joiner's creek, 
 and the acid factory of Beardsley Brothers & Ehoads, near Chase's Mills. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The pioneer school hot^e of the township, a log structure, was erected, between 
 1845 and 1850, in Mcintosh Hollow. One of the earliest teachers was Mary Welch. 
 Susannah Bascom, now the widow of John M. Kiff, taught about 1854. Other 
 early teachers tri the to^vnship were Electa Lyon, Elizabeth Coovert, Eliza Ann 
 
632 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Taber, Adelia Denmark and Amoretta KifE, now Mrs. John E. EoUoson. A num- 
 ber of the early schools were taught in private houses. There are now four schools 
 in the township, in which school is maintained six months in the year. 
 
 CHURCHES, CEMETEEIES AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 During the earlier years of the township's history religious services were held 
 in private dwellings and school houses. The first services were held by Eev. John 
 Spaulding. He was followed by other itinerant ministers, who visited the town- 
 ship from time to time. A Baptist church was organized in the winter of 1879-80, 
 and for several years held regular services. Deaths and removals, however, de- 
 pleted its numbers, and those who are left now attend the churches in Canton and 
 Alba. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Ward Township was chartered May 
 31, 1881. It was the outgrowth of a class started several years before, and organ- 
 ized with twelve members. In 1883 a house of worship, costing $1,200, was erected 
 in the eastern part of the township. This church now numbers thirty-five mem- 
 bers, is in the Canton charge and has been served by the pastors of the church in 
 Canton, Bradford county. It maintains a Sunday-school of forty-five pupils, with 
 Wilson Hill as superintendent. 
 
 The Cemeteries of this township are unincorporated. They are all early burial 
 places. One is located in Mcintosh Hollow, another in the Kniffin neighborhood 
 and a third near the Eed school house. Many of the residents of the township bury 
 their dead in the cemetery at Canton. 
 
 Ward Grange, No. 900, P. of H., was first organized October 3, 1875, and re- 
 organized March 2, 1883. It owns and meets in a hall building, erected in 1883, 
 near the Segar school, in the eastern part of the township. It has now forty-five 
 members, embracing the leading farmers of that section, and it is one of the strong 
 and prosperous granges of the county. 
 
• CHAPTER LVI. 
 
 FALL BEOOK BOROUGH. 
 
 Location and Surroundings— The Fall Bkook Coal Company— Its Organiza- 
 tion AND History— Borough Organization and Officials— Schools- 
 Churches — Societies. 
 
 THE borough of Fall Brook is situated about six miles east of Blossburg, on Fall 
 brook, formerly called Fall creek, one of the headwater tributaries of the 
 Tioga river. The altitude, railroad level, is 1,843 feet above tidewater. The land 
 embraced within the borough limits, as well as several thousand acres in Ward and 
 Union townships, is owned by the Fall Brook Coal Company, whose principal busi- 
 ness is the mining and shipping of coal. A limited number of men are employed 
 in the saw-mill, manufacturing lumber, and in the woods, in getting out logs and 
 tan bark. The Fall Brook railway, owned and operated by the company, connects 
 at Blossburg with the Tioga branch of the "Erie." By a traffic arrangement with 
 the latter company, the Fall Brook Coal Company is enabled to ship its coal to Corn- 
 ing, ISTew York, and other distributing points. 
 
 From the opening of the mines in December, 1859, to 1873, the population of 
 Fall Brook increased rapidly, and in 1872 was estimated at 3,300. Strikes, financial 
 depression, and the transfer of a large number of miners and their families to Antrim 
 and Clermont, have reduced the number of working miners to 135, and the popula- 
 tion to about 700. Though of different nationalities originally, the miners are, 
 with few exceptions, American citizens, and they and their families form a homo- 
 geneous, sociable, order-loving and law-abiding community. The population for 
 each decade since the borough was organized, as shown by the census returns, is as 
 follows: 1870, 1,390; 1880, 860, and 1890, 835, 
 
 THE FALL BEOOK COAL COMPANY. 
 
 In 1851 Hon. John Magee, of Bath, New York, became the owner of that por- 
 tion of the Coming and Blossburg railroad lying between Corning, New York, and 
 Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. In that year, also, Mallory & Bostwick, of Coming, 
 surrendered to him their lease of the coal mines at Blossburg. Mr. Magee at once 
 set about making these properties productive and profitable. He replaced the old 
 strap rail on his portion of the road with T rails, and persuaded the stockholders 
 of the line between Lawrenceville and Blossburg to do the same. He next devoted 
 his energies to the mines at Blossburg, the superintendence of which he entrusted 
 to his son, Duncan S. Magee. The latter soon became dissatisfied with working the 
 mines under a lease. He desired ownership, and with that end in view, obtained 
 permission, in the spring of 1856, from Hon. C. L. "Ward, of Towanda, Pennsylvania, 
 to explore for coal on his land, at that time embracing nearly the entire area of 
 Ward township, which was named after him. A written agi-eement was also entered 
 
634 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 into that, if coal was found in paying quantities, Mr. Magee would have the right 
 to purchase so much of the land as he might desire, at a stipulated price per acre. 
 
 Duncan S. Magee then organized a band of explorers, with himself as super- 
 intendent; Humphries Brewer and G. A. Backus, civil engineers and geologists; 
 Thomas Earrar and John Smith, woodsmen and assistants to engineers; John James, 
 William Griffith, Thomas Morgan, George Cook, John Evans, Stephen Bowen and 
 others, miners and explorers. An area embracing over 6,000 acres of land was 
 explored in a thorough and scientific manner, and a number of pits and shafts simk 
 to the underlying coal. During the year 1856 considerable coal was found, but not 
 in quantities sufficient to warrant a purchase of the land. In the spring of 1857 
 work was resumed. Drifts were opened along the mountain on the west side of 
 the Tioga river, in the northwest corner of Union township, and a superior quality 
 of coal found in paying quantities. Two discouraging obstacles were, however, 
 met with. A survey showed that the coal field was nearly 600 feet higher than the 
 railroad track at Blossburg, distant less than six miles northwest. It was also 
 ascertained that the coal vein declined toward the southwest and could not, there- 
 fore, be mined from that side of the mountain, for the reason that the water would 
 follow the course of the excavation and drown out the miners. 
 
 Up to this time Hon. John Magee had furnished the money to push forward 
 the explorations. The panic of 1857, however, made it hard to get money for the 
 needs of business, and Mr. Magee was loath, after Mr. Brewer's acknowledgment that 
 the coal could not be mined, on account of the water, to push the explorations any 
 further. Mr. Brewer, however, convinced him of the feasibility of his plan for 
 working the coal, and the explorations were resumed. Within three months the 
 correctness of Mr. Brewer's theories was verified, by the finding, on the Fall Brook 
 side of the mountain, of an immense body of coal that could be easily and profitably 
 worked, thus bringing to a successful issue the tedious and persevering work of the 
 explorers. 
 
 During the year 1858 Drift ISTo. 1 was put in near the falls on Fall brook, under 
 the direction of Duncan S. Magee, by William Griffith, Robert Pryde, John Duns- 
 more, Alexander Pollock, Sr., and Thomas Morgan. A survey was also begun for a 
 railroad from Blossburg up the Tioga river to the mouth of Fall brook, and up the 
 latter stream to the drift. In the meantime, however, Hon. John Magee had pur- 
 chased from Mr. Ward about 6,000 acres of land in Ward and Union townships in 
 accordance with the agreement heretofore mentioned. 
 
 The railroad survey showed that Drift No. 1 wa^ 550 feet above the railroad 
 track at Blossburg, distant about six miles. Nevertheless, it was resolved to build 
 the road, and on June 13, 1859, Mr. Brewer issued the following: 
 
 Notice. 
 The Fall Brook Coal Company will be prepared to contract for the gradinff and 
 masonry of their road in short sections July 5. Plans and specifications can be seen at 
 their office m Blossburg-. „ t^ 
 
 ° H. Bbeweb, 
 
 Engineer Fall Brook Coal Company. 
 An application for a charter was made to the state legislature by Hon John 
 Magee James H Gulick and Duncan S. Magee, and a bill granting it passed March 
 9, 1859. It had been opposed principally by another mining company, and after its 
 
FALL BEOOK BOEOUGH. 635 
 
 passage sufBcient pressure was brought to bear upon Gov. William F. Packer to cause 
 him to veto it. April 7, 1859, however, it was passed over his veto and became a law, 
 and the company was duly incorporated under the name of the Fall Brook Coal 
 ' Company. The first officers were Hon. John Magee, president; John Lang, secretary 
 and treasurer; Duncan S. Magee, superintendent, and H. Brewer, civil engineer. The 
 following working force was also organized: Duncan S. Magee, superintendent; H. 
 Brewer and G. A. Backus, civil engineers; James Heron, cashier and mercantile 
 agent; Capt. Eobert Merritt, overseer in lumber department; Martin Stratton, master 
 mechanic and supervisor of tenements; Thomas Eeese, weighmaster of mining 
 wagons; John Morse, overseer of railroad track, and afterwards first weighmaster and 
 shipper of coal — succeeded by Peter Cameron and John L. Sexton; William Griffith, 
 Alexander Pollock, Sr., and Thomas Morgan, drift masters. 
 
 The Fall Brook railroad was completed to the new village of Fall Brook in the 
 autumn of 1859. During the year work had been vigorously prosecuted. A saw-mill 
 was built for the company at the falls by George Kichter; coal chutes were erected at 
 the mouth of Drift 'No. 1, by Mr. Brockway; thirty or forty dwellings were hastily 
 constructed, and a supply store erected on the site of the present hotel building. This 
 was placed in charge of James Heron, assisted by 0. W. and C. L. Pattison and 
 Thomas J. Hall. Boarding houses, blacksmith shops, and carpenter shops were also 
 built, and a great enterprise successfully established in what, but a few months before, 
 was an unbroken mountain wilderness. 
 
 Samples of this coal were shipped by Mr. Magee to a number of leading manu- 
 facturing concerns throughout the country, including the repairing departments of 
 several railroads, from all of whom came reports and testimonials, certifying to its 
 superior quality, and assuring for it an immediate and profitable demand. The min- 
 ing of coal at Blossburg, under lease, was abandoned and the fixtures removed to Fall 
 Brook. Shipping depots were established at Coming, with Andrew Beers as agent, 
 and at Watkins, with John Lang as agent. Valuable franchises were obtained at 
 both places, and trestles and chutes erected to facilitate the handling of coal. A 
 circular was issued April 1, 1860, by Duncan S. Magee, superintendent, announcing 
 the formal opening of the mines, and that "the Fall Brook Coal Company have ample 
 facilities for shipping this coal at Coming by canal and railroad, and have also ar- 
 rangements for delivery directly from the mines by rail at Watkins, at the head of 
 Seneca Lake, and there transferring it to the enlarged Erie canal boats." 
 
 The store building proving too small to accommodate an increasing custom, a 
 larger and more commodious building was erected, which was soon afterwards en- 
 larged. So rapid was the growth of the village that at the close of 1863 it contained 
 180 dwellings, and 1,400 inhabitants. 
 
 In 1861, because of increased business, James Heron was relieved as mercantile 
 agent, in order to devote himself to his duties as cashier. Frank Lewis, of Allegany 
 county, New York, was made mercantile agent, continuing until Febmary, 1864, 
 when he was succeeded by C. E. Halsey, of Hammondsport, New York, who remained 
 until 1875, when he resigned on account of ill health. His successor was A. J. Owen, 
 who discharged the duties of mercantile agent and cashier until 1886, when he was 
 succeeded by Samuel Heron, the present incumbent. 
 
636 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 In 1862 the ofSee of manager was created, and Humphries Brewer appointed 
 to fill it. He held it until his death, December 25, 1867. His successors were James 
 Heron, from December 27, 1867, until his death, September 21, 1872; and D. W. 
 Knight, who served from September 22, 1872, to 1875, when the of&ee was abolished.. 
 The company, in the meantime, having acquired important properties in other parts 
 of the county, the mines, mill and store at Fall Brook were placed in three separate 
 departments and have so continued. The mines are in charge of Eobert Eussell, 
 mining superintendent, with David Nicol, assistant; the saw-mill and lumber depart- 
 ment in charge of E. A. McEntee, outside foreman, and the office and store in charge 
 of Samuel Heron, who fills the position of cashier. The postoffice, established soon 
 after the opening of the mines, has always been in the company's store, the post- 
 master usually being the mercantile agent or cashier of the company. Anton Hardt, 
 general manager for the company, whose office is in Wellsboro, has the general super- 
 intendence of these various departments, as well as of the mines, stores, etc., at 
 Antrim. 
 
 A telegraph line from Coming, New York, to Fall Brook, was completed in the 
 fall of 1864. Since 1878 the office has been in charge of John G. Jones, who is also 
 the weighmaster and shipper of the Fall Brook Coal Company. 
 
 The Fall Brook hotel, erected by the Fall Brook Coal Company, was opened in 
 the spring of 1865, Warren Goff, of Steuben county, New York, being the first 
 landlord. 
 
 BOEOTJGH OEGANIZATIOIT AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 In August, 1864, a petition was presented to the court of common pleas, at 
 Wellsboro, asking for the incorporation of Fall Brook as a borough. There was 
 some opposition to granting the petition, because the property within the proposed 
 borough limits was all owned by the Fall Brook Coal Company, and there was 
 danger of the company using its power to restrict freedom of speech, and interfere 
 with the exercise of the right of elective franchise. The loyalty of the inhabitants, 
 notwithstanding, in proportion to population, they had sent a larger number into the 
 Union army than any other place in the county, was also called in question. These 
 objections were, however, fully met, and the petition granted. The first election 
 took place September 16, 1864, when the following officers were chosen: L. C. 
 Shepaxd, burgess; James Heron, H. Brewer, James Tracy, William D. Linahan and 
 Charles N. Cranmer, councilmen. At the first meeting of the council, October 3, 
 1864, C. L. Pattison was chosen treasurer, and Burr Noble, clerk. 
 
 The office of burgess has been filled as follows: L. C. Shepard, 1864 to 1874, 
 inclusive; John L. Sexton, 1875; L. C. Shepard, 1876 to 1879, inclusive- E f' 
 Cummings, 1880 and 1881; J. W. Taylor, 1882; A. N. Williams, 1883; 'Eobert 
 Eussell, 1884; L. C. Shepard, 1885; William Sa^e, 1886 to 1888; William McEntee, 
 1889 to 1892; E. A. McEntee, 1893 to 1896, and Eobert Eussell, 1897. 
 
 The foUowing named persons have been elected and commissioned Justices of 
 the peace since the incorporation of the borough: John Hinman, elected in 1868; 
 L. C. Shepard, 1869; John L. Sexton, 1869; J. W. Personeus, 1873; Alexander 
 Pollock, 1874; Michael Lyon, 1876; William Young, 1878; C. K. Thompson 1880- 
 Eobert Eussell, 1883; F. G. Elliott, 1883; L. C. Shepard, 1887; re-elected, 1892 
 and 1897. 
 
FALL BROOK BOROUGH. Q^'J 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 For a number of years there were two school buildings in i'all Brook. The first 
 was erected in 1861 in the "Fallow," and the second on Catawissa street, in the 
 winter of 1864-65. In 1888 a graded school system was adopted and the present 
 building, centrally located, was erected. There are three teachers employed, the 
 average attendance of pupils being about one hundred and fifty. Among the early 
 teachers who taught in the "Fallow" school house, were David Cameron, Oscar 
 Beardsley, Belle Dyer, Lue Pitts, Miss Simpson and John L. Sexton. Mr. Sexton 
 taught seven years in succession. Among those who taught in the building on 
 Catawissa street, were Bessie Brewer, Lucy Cranmer and S. A. Gaskill. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — In 1860 a petition was presented to the Presbytery of 
 Susquehanna, asking that a Presbyterian church be organized at Fall Brook. The 
 petitioners were Alexander Pollock, Sr., James Heron, Alexander Pollock, Jr., James 
 Pollock, Peter Cameron, Jr., Eobert Logan, James Logan, John Dims- 
 more, George Snedden, William Watchman, E. J. Evans, David Pryde, 
 and H. Brewer. The petition was granted and the church duly organized. 
 September 1, 1861, Rev. George Blair became pastor, having also under his charge 
 the church at Morris Run. In the fall of 1863 he was succeeded by Rev. William 
 McCormiek, who remained one year; Rev. J. Caldwell, one year; Rev. E. Kennedy, 
 1866 to 1870; Rev. G. R. H. Shumway, of Lawrenceville, supply till October, 1871; 
 Rev. Philander Camp, who remained till 1875. A Sunday-school was organized, of 
 which Alexander Pollock, Sr., was superintendent for a number of years. His 
 successor was James R. Mills. During Mr. Kennedy's pastorate a church building, 
 costing $2,000, was erected, the Fall Brook Coal Company contributing $1,000. Ow- 
 ing to the decrease in the working force in the mines and the removal of a large 
 number of families elsewhere, the church became too weak to maintain a pastor, and 
 in 1886 its .membership was merged with that of St. Thomas' Protestant Episcopal 
 ehiirch. 
 
 St. Thomas' Protestant Episcopal Church traces the beginning of its history to 
 a visit made in the summer of 1864, to Fall Brook, by Rev. E. D. Loveridge, of Ham- 
 mondsport, ISTew York. While stopping with his friend, C. E. Halsey, he held the 
 first service of his church on July 31, 1864. In August, 1866, Bishop Lee, of 
 Delaware, visited Fall Brook, and on the 24th of that month confirmed Miss Mary 
 Frazee and Miss Mary Brewer. About the same time C. E. Halsey and John 
 Hinman organized a Sunday-school and soon had over one hundred pupils. The 
 school was held in the "Fallow" school house. A deficiency in books and catechisms 
 was made up by the energy and liberality of Mr. Halsey and Mr. Hinman. A 
 generous donation of books was also made by St. John's church, Catherine, Schuyler 
 county, New York. A formal application for a charter was made to the court of 
 common pleas of Tioga county July 30, 1867, by C. E. Halsey, John Hinman, John 
 L. Sexton, Lewis Clark, J. B. Christie, J. W. Personeus, John Alderson and Thomas 
 GafEney. The application was granted December 5, 1867, and the church duly 
 organized, with C. E. Halsey, senior warden; Lewis Clark, John B. Christie, J. W. 
 Personeus, John L. Sexton and John Alderson, vestrymen. Services were held every 
 
638 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 alternate Sunday in the 'Tallow" school house, Eev. M. L. Kerr officiating, until 
 November 38, 1869, from which time until 1874 the church was without a rector. 
 In that year Marcellus Karcher, a deacon in orders, located in I'all Brook, amd offi- 
 ciated until 1876, after which time, for a number of years, occasional services were 
 held by the rectors in charge of the churches at Tioga, Mansfield, Blossburg and 
 Antrim. Although without a rector at present, services are held regularly by Eev. 
 Marcellus Karcher, rector of St. Luke's church, Blossburg. The number of com- 
 municants is thirty-two. In the Sunday-school, which has been regularly main- 
 tained, there are 130 pupils and fifteen teachers. Samuel Heron is the superinten- 
 dent. The old Presbjrterian house of worship is now used by this congregation. 
 
 St. John's Catholic Church owes its existence to the efforts of Eev. John A. 
 Wynne, who, in July, 1873, while stationed at Blossburg, succeeded in securing a 
 pledge of $1,000 from the Catholic people and other friends in Fall Brook, to which 
 the Fall Brook Coal Company generously added $1,000 more. A contract for a 
 building was entered into with Joseph Hyland, of Blossburg, the corner stone of 
 which was laid August 31, 1873, by Bishop O'Hara, of Scranton, assisted by Eevs. 
 Gerald McMurray, John A. Wynne and John C. McDermott. The building was 
 opened for service Sundaj', April 36, 1874, the opening sermon being preached by 
 Eev. E. A. Garvey, of Williamsport, Pennsylvania. This church, which numbers 
 about twenty-five families, is served by the pastor of the church at Blossburg. It 
 maintains a Sunday-school with an average attendance of thirty pupils. A branch 
 of the Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Association, numbering twenty 
 members, is connected with this church. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Pall Brook Friendly Society, a beneficial organization; the Fall Brook 
 Library Association, the purpose of which was to maintain a library and reading 
 room, and the Catholic Temperance Society, for the promotion of temperance among 
 members of the Catholic faith, all flourished during the earlier years of the borough's 
 history. With the removal of many of the miners and their families to other 
 places, their membership decreased and they disbanded. Fall Brook Lodge, No. 765, 
 I. 0. 0. P., was chartered May 8, 1871, and now has seventy members. Fall Brook 
 Lodge, No. 2506, K. of H., was organized July 20, 1881. After flourishing for 
 several years, it began to go backward, and finally surrendered its charter and was 
 merged with the lodge at Blossburg. 
 
CHAPTEE LVII. 
 
 LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organization— Physical, Characteristics— Soil and Products -Coal and Iron 
 — Timbee—Streams—Population— Pioneer Settlement— First White Men 
 —The District Line— Williamson Road— The Block House— Anthony, the 
 First Landlord— Other Early Settlers— Mills and Other Enterprises — 
 Physicians and Justices— Schools— Churches and Cemeteries— Societies- 
 Liberty Borough— Villages and Postopfices. 
 
 LIBERTY township was organized in February, 1823, and was taken from Coving- 
 ton and Delmar townships. It lies west of Union township; east of Morris; 
 south of Bloss and Hamilton, and has the Lycoming county line for its southern 
 boundary. Its northern boundary line passes along or near the crest of the Briar 
 Hill range. The northern third of the township is, therefore, broken and rugged. 
 The remainder, which may be described as an upland plateau, slopes away more 
 gently toward the south, with as large a percentage of comparatively level area 
 as is to be found in any other township in the county. The soil is fertile and fruitful, 
 producing abundant crops of cereal grains, meadow grasses, garden vegetables and 
 orchard fruits. The farmers are thrifty, frugal and prosperous, a large percentage 
 of them being of German descent. Coal and iron ore exist in the Briar Hill range, 
 but have not been found in quantities sufficient to invite development. The town- 
 ship, when first settled, was heavily timbered, hemlock, maple, cherry, chestnut, 
 beech and oak predominating. White pine was found only in limited tracts. 
 
 The drainage of the township is toward the south and southwest. Zimmer- 
 man creek, which rises in the Briar Hill range, flows southwest into Morris township, 
 receiving Fall creek, which flows from the north, near the township line. It drains 
 the western and northwestern parts of the township. Black's creek rises north of the 
 center of the township, pursues a slightly southwest course to the Lycoming county 
 line, soon after crossing which it unites with Block House run. This latter stream 
 rises north and east of the center of the township, and pursues a winding course 
 toward the southwest, through Liberty borough, about a mile southwest of which 
 it passes into Lycoming county. It has several small branches. The eastern part 
 of the township is drained by Mase run and Sadler run, two small streams fed by 
 springs. 
 
 The township was one of the earliest settled in the county. With the exception 
 of the mountainous area along the northern boundary line, it is thickly populated, 
 and notwithstanding the fact that there is not a line of railroad within its borders, 
 its people are fairly prosperous. Its growth from the first has been healthful, each 
 decade showing a fair average increase of population. In 1840 there were 1,138 
 inhabitants; in 1870, 1,379; in 1880, 1,629, and in 1890, 1,755. In 1895 the tax- 
 able value of property — ^including Liberty borough — was $519,455. 
 
640 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 PIONEEE SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first white maa to enter the confines of the township, except, perhaps, an 
 occasional hunter, trapper or Indian scout, were the early surveyors. The District 
 Line was established in 1781, and the Academy and other lands surveyed as early 
 as 1786-87. The District Line referred to is the line between Survey districts Nos. 
 17 and 18. It runs from the southern to the northern boundary line of the county, 
 and passes over the Main street bridge, in Liberty borough. The history of the town- 
 ship, however, begins with the construction of the celebrated Williamson road, from 
 Loyalsock, in Lycoming county, to Painted Post, New York. This road, which was 
 begun in May or June, 1793, enters the county and the township east of the District 
 Line. About 300 rods north of the county line it turns northwest to Block House 
 run, crossing it at a point now the center of Liberty borough, of which it forms the 
 main street. It then turns north, which direction it follows to the township line, 
 over the Briar Hill range, and on to Blossburg, thence down the valley of the Tioga 
 river to Painted Post, l^Tew York. 
 
 In the construction of this road it became necessary to establish depots for sup- 
 plies, at convenient points, and also to erect log houses for the protection of the 
 women and children. One of these was established at the point where the road 
 crosses Block House run, in Liberty borough, on the site of the present Liberty 
 Hotel. It became known as the "Block House," and gave its name to the stream, 
 beside which it stood, and to the village that afterwards grew up around it. 
 
 In 1793 one Anthony, or Anthonyson, and his sons — the former probably being 
 the correct name — took possession of this block house — which was built of round logs 
 and was 30x40 feet in size — and converted it into a tavern stand. The following ac- 
 count of this tavern and its keeper is found in the "Historical Collections" of Penn- 
 sylvania, by Sherman Day, published in 1843. He says: 
 
 This house was kept in primitive times by one Anthonyson, a sort of hall French 
 and half Dutchman. Anthony, according- to his own story, had spent most of his life 
 as a soldier, during- the stormy times of the French Revolution; and he thereby neither 
 improved his morals nor his fortune. He had no scruple, by way of amusing his gnaests, 
 of boasting of his bare-faced villainy. There was no one of the ten commandments which 
 he had not specifically broken time and again. With the habits of the old soldier, he had 
 little disposition to get his living by tilling the ground; and found the military mode of 
 pillage much more to his taste. He raised no oats, but always charged travelers for the 
 use of his troughs, and for sleeping before his fire. Whiskey was the staple commodity 
 at his house, serving as meat and drink. Many of the early immigrants to the Genesee 
 country drove their young cattle along. There was a wide track of some fearful tornado 
 not far from Anthony's house, in which he contrived to cut an open space, with a 
 narrow passage into it, making a kind of unseen pen. To this spot the cattle of his 
 guests were apt to stray in the night. In the morning the poor immigrants were hunt- 
 ing far and near for their cattle, with Anthony for their guide; but on such occasions 
 he never happened to think of the windfall. 
 
 The unsuspecting guests, after two or three days of fruitless search, would leave, 
 paying roundly for their detention, and instructing the scoundrel to hunt the cattle, 
 and when found to write to a certain address, with a promise of reward for his trouble. 
 Anthony never had occasion to write; but it was always remarked that he kept his 
 smoke house well supplied with what he called elk meat. MTien or where he caught the 
 elks was never known. Some lone travelers, who stopped at his house, it is strongly 
 suspected, never reached their intended destination. 
 
^;^^^^^^ ">^^-e^ 
 
LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 641 
 
 Anthony left Block House in 1813 for Williamsport, and was killed by the 
 falling of a tree. He lies buried near Trout Eun. 
 
 Soon after 1800 a man named SuUard — the names of James and Stephen Sul- 
 lard appear on the assessment list of 1812 — came into the township and settled near 
 the present residence of Isaac Miller, in Liberty borough. A son was added to the 
 family soon after their arrival, being the first white child born in the township. 
 Nauglesmith Bauer came before 1808, and settled where Scott Cowlick now lives 
 in the borough. In 1813 Jonathan Sebring, a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, 
 became the successor of Anthony as landlord of the Block House tavern. He was 
 an honorable and upright man, and kept a reputable and respectable house. He 
 removed to Humboldt, Saulc county, Wisconsin, in 1857, where he died in February, 
 1879, at the advanced age of niaety-six years. He was a shoemaker and worked at 
 his trade in connection with his hotel. In February, 1814, John ShefEer, Sr., a 
 native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, removed his family from Williamsport, 
 where they had resided for several years, and settled on 150 acres of Academy land, 
 on ShefEer Hill, just north of the borough. At the time of Mr. ShefEer's coming 
 there were but eleven persons in the township. He early became a prominent and 
 leading citizen of Liberty. 
 
 About 1814 a body of United States troops, en route for BufEalo, New York, 
 encamped in Eehn's Hollow, on Laurel Hill, and excited the interest and curiosity 
 of the settlers. About this time also Daniel Hartsoek settled just east of the borough, 
 on the farm now owned and occupied by Levi Haa-tsock. John Levegood, a native 
 of southern Pennsylvania, settled about 1814-16, Just west of the borough, on 
 Academy lands. He was one of twelve settlers in the Block House neighborhood 
 to whom a donation of fifty acres each of Academy land was made in order to induce 
 them to settle. Peter Moyer came in 1815 and settled west of Black's run, on land 
 previously occupied by Henry Hews. Frederick Heyler, Sr., a native of Germany, 
 settled about 1818 on Briar Hill, and soon had for a neighbor Michael Linck, also 
 a native of Germany. Simon Sindlinger and his stepson, George Hebe, natives of 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, settled in 1819 in the eastern part of the township. Mr. 
 Hebe was a soldier in the Mexican War, and served under Colonel Wynkoop in the 
 First Pennsylvania regiment, and was promoted from private to staff officer. 
 
 Isaac Foulkrod, a native of Philadelphia, and the son of a Eevolutionary soldier, 
 settled in 1831 on fifty acres of Franklin College lands, northeast of the borough. 
 Among the valued relics still preserved in the family, are a fife presented to his 
 father by General Washington, and also a wooden canteen carried by him during 
 the Eevolutionary War. John Weal, a soldier in the War of 1813, settled in 1833 
 on 115 acres of land near the line of Jackson township, Lycoming county. Leonard 
 Miller, who came into the township between 1835 and 1838, was a native of Wurtem- 
 burg, Germany, and a soldier under !N"apoleon in his campaign in Eussia. At the 
 close of his service he received a silver medal from ITapoleon, for "zeal and bravery," 
 so the inscription read. He settled in the northwestern part of the township. John 
 Sebring, a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, came about 1830 from Lycoming 
 county, to which he afterwards returned. In 1840 he again came into the township, 
 settling at Sebrings, where he afterwards erected a hotel. He was a soldier in the 
 41 
 
g42 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 War of 1813, and was later successively commissioned captain, major, colonel, and 
 on June 23, 1854, a brigadier general of militia. 
 
 Among other early settlers may be mentioned: Joshua Daxtt, who located in 
 the northern part of the township in 1817; Michael Dehr, who came in 1819, as did 
 also Frederick Bower and Henry Christ; Samuel, John and Henry Gleckler, who 
 settled at East Point about 1830; John Knodel, who served under Napoleon; 
 Michael Krause, John H. Stinehofer, the first physician; John Marquart, Lewis 
 Schneck, John T. Peek, Philip Zink, Jacob Boger, who settled near East Point; 
 John Leinhaxt, who settled on Briar Hill, and John Eeed, all came about 1821. 
 Jacob Brownmiller and Jeremiah Maneval came in 1822, as did Solomon Koupp, who 
 located near East Point, and Oliver Pierson, who settled at Nauvoo. In 1824 George 
 Hart, a Eevolutionary soldier, and his son, John F. Hart, became the first settlers 
 near the site of Hartford postoffice, between Liberty borough and ISTauvoo. In 
 1825 Leonard Schambacher and Leonard Shick settled near East Point. These 
 were the principal settlers of the township during the first quarter of the present 
 century. The work begun in the midst of the wilderness by these sturdy pioneers 
 has been carried forward by their descendants until Liberty township is to-day one 
 of the best cultivated and most prosperous townships of the county. 
 
 MILLS AND OTHEE ENTEEPEISES. 
 
 The early settlers in and around Block House were dependent for several 
 years upon the grist-mill and saw-mill of Peter Sechrist, erected about 1811, at 
 the falls on Block House run, about a mile south of the county line, in Jackson 
 township, Lycoming county. About 1825 Henry Hartley erected a saw-mill on 
 Black's creek, near the county line. It was bought in 1827 by James Freeze, who 
 also erected a grist-mill. A few years later these mills becajne the property of 
 Jeremiah Black, a cousin of the celebrated jurist of the same name, and were 
 operated by him and his sons for more than half a century. About 1830 Joseph 
 Hagenbach erected a saw-mill on Block House run, in the northern part of Liberty 
 borough. It was afterwards owned and operated by Jonathan Sebring, Robert C. 
 Cox and Jonathan Eaker. It was burned, and Francis M. ShefEer bought the site 
 and built a new mill, which also burned and was rebuilt. Jonathan Kreiger then 
 purchased the property. In 1890 the mill was again destroyed by fire, and the 
 present steam saw-mill and planing-mill was erected near its site. 
 
 About 1839-30 Isaac Werline erected a tannery near Block House run, in the 
 northern part of Liberty borough. He operated it until 1853. The subsequent 
 owners were Werline & Elder, J. J. Werline, Gottlieb Krise, and Albert Krise, who 
 conducted it from 1867 to 1876. Isaac Harmon erected a grist-mill and saw-mill, 
 about 1830, on Block House run, north of Liberty borough. In 1833 Jacob Benner 
 became the owner and operated them until 1855. The present three-run, water- 
 power grist-mill was erected on this site in 1888, by E. H. Hartsock. About 1833 
 William Diffenbacher erected a fulling-mill in the northeastern part of Liberty 
 borough, and soon after added a carding machine. In 1843 Horace Fellows became 
 owner and enlarged it to a woolen factory. He ran it successfully until aboiit 
 1873, when he sold the machinery and it was removed to Nauvoo. In 1842 Michael 
 
LIBEETY TOWNSHIP. 343 
 
 ShefEer established a wagon shop in Liberty borough, which has been conducted 
 by himself and his sons down to the present time. 
 
 Among the saw-mills erected between 1830 and 1840 were one on Zimmer- 
 man's creek, above Nauvoo, by John W. Frederick; the Oliver Pierson mill, on 
 Fall creek, north of Nauvoo; the Leonard Schambacher mill, near the site of the 
 steam saw-mill now operated by Solomon Roupp, half a mile east of East Point; 
 the Frederick Bower mill, afterwards owned by Philip J. Kohler, on Block House 
 run, east of Sebrings, and the Frederick Boyer mill, northwest of East Point. 
 
 In 1838 Charles F. Veil erected a tannery at what is still known as Veiltown, 
 about a mile north of Liberty borough. It was operated by Mr. "Veil and his sons 
 for over thirty years. About 1838 a saw-mill was erected on Block House run, near 
 Veiltown, by James Merrill, and a grist-mill about 1841. From 1867 to 1884 the 
 mills were owned by William Keagle. In the latter year Washington Newberry 
 bought the property. The saw-mill has not been operated for many years. The 
 grist-mill is known as Liberty mill. About 1838, also, a grist-mill was erected at 
 Nauvoo by John J. Herman. It has been operated by Caleb A. Comstock, Daniel 
 W. Canfleld, who added a saw-mill in 1848, and others. The grist-mill alone is 
 now running. It has been owned since 1889 by Adam Coppersmith. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 The following named physicians have practiced in what is now Liberty 
 borough: John H. Stinehofer, who came before 1825 and remained about three years; 
 Dr. Eiehard B. Hughes, 1828 to 1842; Benjamin C. Morris, 1835 to about 1837; 
 Jacob Eaker, Jr., 1838 to his death in 1843; F. W. Krause, 1836 to 1846; Frederick 
 Reinwald, 1845 to about 1847, when he was killed by a panther; L. K. Garfield, 
 1847 to 1856; John C. Bastian, 1850 to 1852; Charies Ridenbach, George Hammon, 
 Thomas Stewart, and W. W. Webb, each of whom made but a short stay. Dr. 
 William F. Weseman came in 1851-52, and is still a resident of the borough. The 
 other resident physicians are Dr. G. A. Smith, who located m 1874, and Dr. Z. 
 EUis Kimble, who came in 1886. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace since the 
 organization of the township: John Gray, 1825; John Marvin, 1825; re-elected, 
 1836; Ephraim B. Gerould, 1827; Thomas Dyer, 1827; Chauneey Alford, 1827 
 James C. Turner, 1828; Thomas Putnam and David Ellis, 1830; Eufus Smith, 1831 
 Joseph Aiken, Daniel IS^. Hunt and Martin Eobinson, 1832; James E. Eay, 1833, 
 John F. Donaldson and Alanson Miller, 1834; Daniel Holiday, Jr., Solon Eichards 
 and William Hill, 1835; Simeon Houghton, Levi 1. Mchols and Alfred Eipley, 
 1836; Evan Harris, 1837; Edwin Dyer and Isaac Drake, 1838; Isaac Werline, 
 1840; re-elected, 1845, 1850; John Cochran, 1840; Charles F. Veil, 1845; re- 
 elected, 1850, 1859; Jackson J. Werline, 1853; re-elected, 1858, 1863, 1872, 1877, 
 1882, 1887, 1893; C. L. Farnsworth, 1855; Eoberi; C. Cox, 1862; William L. 
 Keagle and J. G. Albeck, 1867; William Poulkrod, 1869, re-elected, 1875; Isaac 
 F, Wheeland, 1881; Francis M. Sheffer, 1886; John Hagerty, 1889; re-elected, 
 1894; John Mase, 1894. The justices of the peace elected for Liberty borough 
 have been Isaac F. Wheeland and J. J. Werline, elected in 1893. 
 
g44 HISTOET OF TIOGfA COUNTY. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school attended by children of the eaxly settlers in and axound Block 
 House, was taught by Isaac Foulkrod, in a log cabin across the road from the present 
 residence of Levi Miller, in Jackson township, Lycoming county. The next school 
 building stood near the old burying ground in the northern part of the borough, on 
 land now owned by Grant Sebring. After it became unfit for further use, a building 
 was erected near the grounds of William McVoy. In 1859 the present graded school 
 building in the northern part of the borough was erected. Early schools were also 
 established at Hartford, ]Si"auvoo, East Point, Sebrings and other places in the town- 
 ship. Among the early teachers were George Eoberts, John Sloat, Henry Keagle, 
 a Mr. Spaulding, William Gilday and others. There are now eleven schools in the 
 township outside of Liberty borough, in the graded school of which two teachers 
 are employed. An average of seven months is taught each year. The school houses 
 are well built and well furnished. 
 
 CHTTilCHES AND CEMETEEIES. 
 
 i Frieden's Evangelical Lutheran Church, situated across the line in Jackson 
 township, Lycoming county, below Liberty borough, stands near the site of a log 
 structure erected in 1827 by the members of the Lutheran and German Eeformed 
 churches, and formally opened for worship in 1838. The present brick edifice, 
 costing $7,000, was erected in 1871. The original members of this church comprised 
 a large number of the early German families in Liberty township, from whom the 
 membership of the churches at Hartford, Nauvoo and Sebrings was drawn. This 
 church has been served by the following named pastors: Eevs. J. P. Shindle, 
 Sehultz, Deich, Dultman, D. B. Sours, Fritzinger, L. S. Shade, H. Daniels, Stude- 
 backer, Brienenger, Prey, I. P. NefE, A. B. Miller, A. H. Sehultz, A. H. Weaver, 
 and the present pastor, Eev. D. B. Lau. A church edifice, costing $3,000, was 
 erected in Liberty borough in 1896, and a separate congregation formed. 
 
 Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church at Hartford was organized about fifty 
 years ago. It worshiped for several years in the Hart school house. A church 
 building was finally erected and used until 1893, when the present handsome edifice, 
 costing over $2,500, replaced it. The church is prosperous and maintains a good 
 Sunday-school. It has had the same pastors as Frieden's Evangelical Lutheran 
 church. This church was incorporated June 9, 1870. 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran Church at Nauvoo was organized about twenty-five 
 years ago. It has no house of worship, but uses the Union church building. Its 
 members are residents of the eastern part of Morris and the western part of Liberty 
 townships. It has been served by the pastors of Frieden's Evangelical Lutheran 
 church. 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran Church at Sebrings, organized about 1860, has here- 
 tofore worshiped in the Union church building. In 1896 the society erected a new 
 house of worship, costing $2,000. The church is in charge of the pastor of Frieden's 
 Evangelical Lutheran church. 
 
 The Evangelical Church of Liberty was organized in October, 1830, the first 
 services being held in the residence of Samuel Hartman, Sr., in Block House, by 
 
LIBBBTY TOWNSHIP. 645 
 
 Eev. John Seybert. Services were held in Frieden's church up to 1847. In 1848 
 the present church building in Liberty borough was completed. A large number 
 of the early German families in and around Liberty, East Point, and other places 
 in the township, formed the original membership of this church, which has been 
 served by the following named pastors: Eevs. James Barber, Charles Hammer, Mr. 
 George, Thomas Epples, Uriah Everhart, Charles Lindelman and Daniel Kehr up 
 to 1848; Simon Wolf, 1849; Mr. Stambach, 1850; Michael Zulauf, 1853-55; H. 
 Price, 1857; Simon Aurend, 1860; Alexander Longsdorf, 1861; A. Eearick, 1863; 
 J Bo'wersos 1865; P. H. Eishel, 1867; Thomas Norris, 1869; Z. Eomburger, 1870; 
 M W Harris, 1871; J. M. King, 1873; H. N. Greninger, 1876; M. Sloat, 1876-79; 
 Noah Young, 1880; James M. Price, 1881; P. S. Vocht, 1883; James Sechrist, 
 1883-86; William Minkler, 1889; William Brillhart, 1891; G. Heinrich, 1895, and 
 J. W. Hammett, 1896. This.church has a large membership and maintains a well- 
 attended Sunday-school. A branch of it has held meetings in the Beuter school 
 house, north of Hartford, since about 1855, and another branch has met in the 
 Frock school house, three miles southwest of Liberty, for about twenty-five years. 
 
 The Evangelical Church of Nauvoo was organized about 1859, and is composed 
 of members residing in the western part of Liberty and eastern part of Morris town- 
 ships. The society worships in the Union church building. It has been served 
 by the same pastors as the church in Liberty. 
 
 The Evangelical Church of East Point was organized as a branch of the church 
 at Liberty, and drew its original members from the parent church. It has been 
 served by the same pastors. Its members held their early meetings in the school 
 house. In 1870 the present house of worship, which cost $1,700, was erected. 
 This church maintains a Sunday-school with about forty teachers and pupils. The 
 superintendent is John Shick. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Liberty was organized in 1843, by Eev. Mr. 
 Smith, of the Genesee conference, the early meetings being held in the old Liberty 
 church. A building was erected and dedicatd in 1851. It stood on the lot in 
 Liberty now owned by Frank Brion. It was replaced by a two-story building 
 erected in 1867, and the latter in 1868 by the present building, which cost $3,000. 
 In 1853 the church— which is now in the Central Pennsylvania Conference— was 
 transferred to the Baltimore conference, since which time it has been served by 
 the following named pastors: Eevs. B. B. Hamlin, 1853; J. D. Eyer, 1854; E. 
 E. Kelley, 1855-6; David C. Wortz, 1856-57; James Gamble, 1858; K Shaffer, 
 1859-60; James Hunter, 1861; J. T. Wilson, 1863-63; P. B. Bush, 1864; E. E. 
 Kelley, 1865; M. L. Drum, 1866-67; Elisha Shoemaker, 1868; E. H. Colbum, 
 1869; Levi G. Heck, 1870; E. M. Chilcoat, 1871-73; J. F. Craig, 1873; A. C. 
 Crosthwaite, 1874; Isaiah Edwards, 1875; H. S. Lundy, 1876-78; J. P. Long, 
 1879; I. A. Patton, 1880-81; J. F. Glass, 1883; W. H. Bowden, 1883-84; G. E. 
 King, 1885-87; 0. G. Heck, 1888; Wilfred P. Shriner, 1889; J. Guldin, 1891; E. 
 T. Whiteley, 1893; M. J. Eunyan, 1894, and I. J. Eeeser, the present pastor, who 
 took charge in April, 1896. This church now numbers thirty members. The 
 Sunday-school, which was organized in 1851, contains about sixty pupils. Michael 
 Sheffer is the superintendent. The churches at Nauvoo and at the Plank school 
 house, in Morris township, are in this charge. 
 
646 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at ISTauvoo is the outgrowth of a class organ- 
 ized about fifty years ago^ the early meetings being held in private residences and 
 in the school house. The society now meets in the Union church building. This 
 church has always been in the Liberty charge, and has been served by the pastors 
 of the church at Liberty. Its members reside in Liberty and Morris townships. 
 
 The Universalist Church was organized ta 1861 at Shoptown. A frame house 
 of worship was erected and regular services maintained until about 1880. The 
 first pastor was Eev. Walter Biillen. His successor was a Eev. Mr. Carpenter. The 
 society as an organization has passed out of existence. 
 
 The United Evangelical Church of Liberty is a member of the new denomina- 
 tion resulting from difEerences arising in the general conference of the Evangelical 
 Association some years ago. A number of the members of the church in Liberty 
 withdrew from the old society and joined the newer organization, adherents of 
 which are also to be found at ISTauvoo and in the Beuter school and Frock school 
 neighborhoods. The church in Liberty numbers fourteen members, and main- 
 tains a Sunday-school, of which Samuel Hartman is the superintendent. Meetings 
 are held in a rented building. Eev. M. Kennelley was the first pastor of this 
 church, which is now served by Eev. L. M. Dice. 
 
 The Ehenezer United Evangelical Church of East Point was incorporated June 
 3, 1895, in which year a handsome church building, costing $3,000, was erected. 
 The society has been in existence about five years, and has had the following pas- 
 tors: Eevs. J. B. Pox, S. W. Stover and D. W. Miller, who came in the spring of 
 1896. The church now numbers ninety members, and maintains a Sunday-school 
 of about 105 pupils, of which Joseph Eoupp is the superintendent. 
 
 Union Churches are to be found in ISTauvoo, Sebrings and at Shoptown. The 
 one at Sebrings was erected in 1863, that at ISTauvoo about 1870 and the one at 
 Shoptown in 1891. The latter church is a neat and attractive edifice, costing 
 $1,500. A Union Sunday-school is maintained here with about forty pupils. Mrs. 
 Murray Mase is the superintendent. 
 
 Cemeteries and burying grounds are to be found in various parts of the town- 
 ship. The old Block House burying ground, in which the early pioneers were laid 
 at rest, was in the northern part of the present borough. Another old cemetery 
 was m the rear of the Evangelical church. There is a cemetery adjoining the 
 Lutheran church, near Hartford, and one adjoining the Union church at Sebrings. 
 The cemetery at East Point was incorporated in June, 1895. In each of these as 
 well as in private buiying grounds, rest the remains of the first settlers of the tora- 
 ship and those of many of their descendants. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 _ Block House Lodge, No. 291, 1. 0. Q. F., was instituted Pebruary 35, 1850 The 
 origmal charter was destroyed, and a new charter issued August 38, 1856 Decem- 
 ber 9, 1879, this lodge lost by fire all its regalia and lodge furniture, except the 
 desks and books. It has now a well-furnished hall in the Odd Fellows' building, 
 
 X,-.^f;;' P T\f ?o' '''°^^''* '""^ ^°^* Vrosv^rou. lodges in the county! 
 King Brothers Post, No. 288, G. A. E., was organized September 30, 1883, with 
 thirty-five members. It also meets in the Odd Fellows' building. Sebring Grange, 
 
LIBEETT TOWNSHIP. 647 
 
 No. 1047, P. of H., was organized November 2, 1891, with sixteen members. It 
 now numbers 100 members, and meets regularly at Sebrings, where it owns a hall 
 building, erected in 1893 at a cost of $500. NauTOO Grange, No. 1056, P. of H., 
 was organized in February, 1892, with eighteen members. It now numbers fifty 
 members. Its place of meeting is Nauvoo. Washington Camp, P. 0. S. of A., was 
 organized February 11, 1893. It meets in the Odd Fellows' building, in Liberty, 
 and has 145 members. Zimmerman Castle, No. 457, K. G. E., was organized Sep- 
 tember 6, 1892, at NauTOO. In the fall of 1893 it erected a hall building costing 
 $1,200. It has a large membership. A Farmers' Alliance, with a large mem- 
 bership, was recently organized in the Beuter school house neighborhood. It 
 meets regularly and is prosperous. 
 
 LIBEETT BOEOTJGH. 
 
 As already stated in the portion of this chapter dealing with the pioneer settle- 
 ment, Anthony, who kept the old Block House tavern, was the first settler on 
 the site of Block House, now Liberty borough. In 1813 he was succeeded 
 as landlord of the old Block House tavern by Jonathan Sebring, who kept a well- 
 ordered and reputable house. He later erected a better building on the site of the 
 Block House. Among his early successors were a Mr. Morris, Joseph Hagenbach 
 and Joel H. "Woodruff, who purchased the property in 1841, and in 1847 built a 
 new house. He continued the business until 18G9, since which time there have 
 been a number of landlords. A. Semsey took charge in 1881, and in 1886 the 
 present hotel building was erected. The Eagle Hotel was opened in 1866, the first 
 landlord being A. Artley, whose successors have been Gurdon Felter and Henry 
 Barrow, John and Charles Foulkrod, Eobert C. Sebring and his son, Grant Sebring, 
 who has owned the property since 1887. 
 
 In 1816 a post route was established from Williamsport, through Block House, 
 to Painted Post, New York. John SheJier, Jr., then a lad thirteen years old, carried 
 the mail. A stage route was established later, and was continued until the building 
 of the Northern Central railroad from Williamsport to Elmira. Daily stages now 
 connect with Trout Eun, Canton, Blossburg and Morris. A postof&ee, named 
 Liberty, was established December 23, 1824, Jacob Levegood being the first post- 
 master. About 1837 Jonathan Sebriag was appointed. His successors have been 
 Isaac Foulkrod, Horace Fellows, Joel H. Woodruff, B. F. Werline, Eobert C. Cox, 
 William Narber, Charles N. Moore, C. A. Miller and John Foulkrod, who was 
 appointed January 1, 1894. Prior to 1824 letters for Block House were directed to 
 Williamsport. John Foulkrod, the present postmaster, has in his possession one 
 written by John P. Foulkrod, of Oxford township, Philadelphia county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, inscribed as follows: 
 
 Mr. Isaac Pulkrod, 
 Near the Block House, 
 Tioga. Co., 
 To the care of Mr. Thomas Updegraft, 
 Williamsport, Pa. 
 
648 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 He also has one postmarked Frankford Postoffice, May 14, 1833, and inscribed: 
 
 Mr. Isaac Fulkrod, 
 Tioga Co., Liberty Township, 
 Liberty P. O., Blockhouse, 
 
 Pa. 
 
 The first store was opened in 1833 by Joseph Hughes. Among the eaxher and 
 more prominent merchants have been John Sebring, 1835; Charles Hagenbach, 
 ■who began business about 1837; Charles H. Cochran, 1840; Eobert C. Sebring, 
 1840; C. H. Hensler, 1842; John Cochran, 1843; George E. Sheffer, who opened a 
 grocery in 1849; I. & H. TJlman, who opened a store on Jew Hill, about 1850; 
 Eobert C. Cox and others. Liberty has always been a good business point. It 
 is in the midst of a fine farming section and commands the trade of a large number 
 of thrifty and prosperous farmers. Its business center is compact and well-built 
 and its business men public-spirited and enterprisiag. 
 
 Liberty was incorporated as a borough July 3, 1893, and was duly organized 
 by the election of the following officers: I. M. Warriner, burgess; F. M. ShefEer, 
 J. W. Guernsey, C. A. Maneval, Z. E. Kimble, D. 0. Hartsock and Israel Faver, 
 couneilmen; J. F. Wheeland and William Foulkrod, justices of the peace; John 
 Foulkrod, assessor; J. E. Keagle, constable and collector; W. W. "Woodruff, high 
 constable, and G. F. Brion, Merton Miller and M. M. Werline, auditors. 
 
 TILLAGES AND POSTOFFICES. 
 
 Nauvoo is situated on the western line of the township, about a mile north of 
 the county line, lies on both sides of Zimmerman's creek, and is partly in Morris 
 township. It was named by Mrs. Lydia Jane Pierson, because during the Mormon 
 excitement a few persons living in the neighborhood became adherents of that faith, 
 and went with the Mormons to Nauvoo, Illinois. She and her husband, Oliver 
 Pierson, were pioneer settlers here, coming into the township as early as 1823, Mr. 
 Pierson having previously invested in 1,000 acres of wild land lying in and around 
 the village. A postoffice was established here in the early forties, C. A. Comstock 
 being the first postmaster. The office has since been held by D. W. Canfield, John 
 Compton, L. A. Comstock, Ben-jamin Maneval, John Sebring, John Childs, J. S. 
 Childs and Miss Maggie Eitter, who was appointed in December, 1895. The first 
 merchant was D. W. Canfield, who opened a store about 1850, in which year, also, 
 C. L. Farnsworth opened a hotel. In 1863 this house was kept by L. L. Comstock, 
 and has since had numerous landlords. The present one, John E. Childs, has kept 
 the house since 1886. There are two general stores in the village, one carried on 
 by Joseph Childs, who has been in business since 1865, and the other by John 
 Hagerty. A grist-mill, already noticed, is operated by Adam Coppersmith. A Union 
 church, a Grange hall and a school comprise the buildings devoted to public use. 
 
 Sebrings is the name of a postoffice about three miles north of Liberty borough, 
 on the Blossburg road. It was named for John Sebring, an early settler and mer- 
 chant here. The postoffice was established in March, 1884, the first postmaster 
 being Henry Dycker. He held the office until June 20, 1894, when David Heyler, 
 who also keeps a general store, was appointed. There are two churches in the vil- 
 
,a. 
 
UNION TOWNSHIP. 649 
 
 lage — ^the Union church, erected in 1863, and the Lutheran church, erected in 
 1896 — also a Grange hall. 
 
 Shoptown, so named from the wagon shop of Solomon Blanchard erected over 
 thirty years ago, is about two miles northeast of Liberty, on the Canton road. A 
 second wagon shop was started here by Charles Weigand. Both were discontinued 
 a number of years ago. There are two church buildings here — the Universalist 
 and the new Union church building. 
 
 Uast Point is situated on the Canton road, about a mile west of the eastern line 
 of the township. A postoffice was established here in 1880, P. W. Shick being the 
 first postmaster. His successors have been Joseph Bickler, Henry Gleckler and 
 Daniel Boger, appointed in October, 1894. C. D. McCracken, the deputy post- 
 master, also carries on a general store. There are two church buildings here, the 
 Evangelical and the United Evangelical, also a public school building. 
 
 Hartford is the name of a postoflice about three miles east of Nauvoo, on the 
 Canton road. A postof&ee named Barfelden was maintained here for many years 
 and then discontinued. The present office was established in 1890, the first post- 
 master being Harry Darling. M. W. Hart, the present postmaster, was appointed 
 in 1891. He also carries on a general store. 
 
 CHAPTEE LYIII. 
 
 UTTION TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Organisation— Physical Features— Streams— Population— Pioneee Settlers 
 Early and Later Enterprises— Schools— Physicians and Justices- 
 Churches, Cemeteries and Societies— Villages. 
 
 UlSriOlSr township, the southeastern township of the county, is bounded on the 
 north by Hamilton and Ward townships; on the east by Bradford county; on 
 the south by Lycoming county, and on the west by Liberty and Hamilton townships. 
 Its northern, eastern and western boundary lines are regular, while its southern 
 boundary line follows— except near the southwest corner— the windings of Eoaring 
 Branch and of Lycoming creek. The township was organized in February, 1830, 
 and was taken from Sullivan township. It is one of the larger townships of the 
 county; being about seven and one-half miles from east to west, with an average from 
 north to south of about eight miles, giving it an area of about sixty square miles. 
 The drainage is toward the south and east, the principal stream being Mill creek, 
 and its two branches, East and West Mill creek, and Sugar Works run, and its two 
 branches. East and West Sugar Works run. Lycoming creek and Eoaring Branch, 
 
650 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 which form all but a small portion of the southern boundary, have each a number of 
 small branches in the township. The township is principally upland plateau, the 
 northern third being mountainous and rising to over 2,200 feet before the dividing 
 summit is reached. Some of the highest elevations in the county axe in this part 
 of the township. 
 
 Though once heavily timbered and the scene of active lumbering operations, 
 Union is now one of the almost exclusively agricultural townships of the county. 
 The ISTorthem Central railroad, which runs along the Lycoming Creek valley, is 
 accessible for shipping purposes to the residents of the township, giving them access 
 to both northern and southern markets. 
 
 Union township has grown steadily. In 1840 it had 228 inhabitants; in IBYO, 
 1,098; 1880, 1,789, and 1890, 1,876. 
 
 PIONEER SETTLEES. 
 
 One of the earliest, if not the very earliest, settlers was Uriah Loper, Sr., a 
 native of Salem county, New Jersey, who located, soon after 1800, in the eastern 
 part of the township, on land covered by Warrant Ko. 4602, for which he received 
 a deed from Joshua Grigby, August 15, 1807. Deeds bearing the same date were 
 also given by Grigby to James Sullard and John Crandles, for lands covered by the 
 same warrant; to Samuel Wakeman, for land covered by "Warrant No. 4600, and to 
 Jesse Drake and Laban Landon for land covered by Warrant N"o. 4601. These 
 lands all lay along the Bradford county line. If James Sullard became a settler, 
 his stay was short, as he soon afterward removed to Liberty township. 
 
 In 1804 Eli McNett, a native of Massachusetts, came from Towanda, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and settled on Lycoming creek, on the site of the village of Carpenter. His 
 son, Samuel MclSTett, who was born in Towanda in 1803, and came into the county 
 as a babe, is — so far as we are informed — ^the oldest person in that point of residence 
 now living in the county. In 1811 John Newell came into the township and soon 
 afterward commenced a clearing on "Joe Hill," about a mile and a half north of 
 Lycoming creek. He afterward moved to what is now known as Newelltown, below 
 Carpenter, on the creek. Here he died March 26, 1876, aged eighty-two years. 
 Samuel Eutty, whose name appears on the assessment list of 1812, settled near the 
 southeastern corner of the township. John Ellis, whose name is on the assessment 
 list of 1818, settled about 1816-17. Lyman Spencer settled in the eastern part of 
 the township about 1816 and 1818. Thomas Bennet settled about the same 
 time. Benjamin K. Chapman came in 1820 and settled on land occupied tempor- 
 arily by Eobert Potter. Benjamin Wilson settled in the township about 1822; 
 Nathaniel Nichols and John Simpkins about 1823; John Watts about 1825; Zepha- 
 niah Eobbins, Joseph Groover, Milton Smiley, William Taylor, John Turner, and 
 Captain Gardner between 1825 and 1830. 
 
 Among those who settled between 1830 and 1840 were Nathan Palmer, Thomas 
 Tebo and William Baxrow, who came in 1837; Kev. I. B. Eeynolds and James Hurley, 
 who came in 1838, and William C. Eathbun, who came in 1839. In 1840 John 
 Ogden settled on the site of Ogdensburg. In this year also Joseph Wilbur and 
 Charles M. Dibble settled in the township. In 1841 Patrick McCormick, a native 
 of Longford county, Ireland, located about three miles and a half northwest of 
 
UNION TOWNSHIP. 651 
 
 Eoaxing Branch, near the Liberty township line, and became the founder of the 
 Irish settlement. In this year also Joshua Eeynolds settled in the township. Patrick 
 and Peter Skelley and Patrick Wynn, natives of Ireland, came in 1843 and located 
 in the Irish settlement. Abram Eundall and Mark R. Herrington settled in 1845, and 
 James Preston and Thomas DeConrsey in 1848, the latter locating in the Irish set- 
 tlement. 
 
 EAKLY AND LATEE ENTEfiPEISBS. 
 
 The first saw-mill and grist-mill in the township were erected and operated by 
 Uriah Loper as early as 1818, in which year these properties were assessed to him. 
 They evidently did not prove profitable, as no mention of them is made after 1819. 
 About 1830 Captain Gardner erected a mill near the mouth of Eoaring Branch, which 
 in 1833 became the property of John Green. In 1846 Mr. Green enlarged it to a 
 double mill. He ran it until 1858. In 1832 a saw-mill was operated by Nathan 
 Wood, Jesse GrifBn and Chester Pratt. In 1834 Wood became the owner. Francis 
 Peltier was running a miU in 1835 and Pelix Peltier in 1837. These mills appear 
 to have gone down in the financial crisis of the latter year. About 1842 L. X. and 
 Levi D. Landon erected a saw-mill in the eastern part of the township near the Brad- 
 ford county line. About 1847 Lewis WeiskopfE purchased Levi D. Landon's interest. 
 They ran this mill until 1851. About 1844 A. N. Derby erected a saw-mill a 
 short distance above the mouth of Mill creek, and in 1846 Eeuben Derby erected 
 a grist-mill. In 1851 these mills were the property of John E. Campbell, who oper- 
 ated them until 1855. 
 
 Between 1850 aid 1860 a number of saw-mills^ were in operation in various 
 parts of the township. .'Among those owning or running them were Beers & Castle, A. 
 and T. S. Griswold,' George Groover, Joseph Groover, I. W. Landon, Lovelett 
 Taylor, Harrison Stratton, Frederick S. Boas and William Brain. About 1872 
 Geiger & Eockwell erected a grist-mill on Mill creek near its mouth. This mill is 
 now owned by Eobert Innes. Another grist-mill on Mill creek is operated by 
 Jonathan Thompson. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house in the township — a log structure — ^was built about a mile 
 and a half east of Ogdensburg, and stood nearly opposite the Swamp Baptist church. 
 An early school was also built in the Eutty neighborhood, near the southeastern cor- 
 ner of the township. The first schools were maintained by subscription. After the 
 going into effect of the public school law in 1835, the township was divided into 
 school districts. These, as the township became more settled, were sub-divided, until 
 at present there are fourteen schools maintained. Among the early teachers were 
 Hiram Landon, Miss Eockwell, Miss Frisbee, Miss Van Housen, Eev. I. B. Eeynolds, 
 Hamilton Thomas, D. Manley, Miss Eogers and Janette Eoper. 
 
 PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 
 
 For thirty years after Union township was organized its inhabitants were de- 
 pendent for medical and surgical aid upon the physicians and surgeons of Canton, 
 Blossburg, Ealston, and Williamsport. About 1861 Dr. J. E. Cleveland located in 
 Ogdensburg, where he continued in practice for nearly twenty years. In February, 
 
652 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 1880, he was succeeded by Dr. Theodore F. Woester, who also located in Ogdens- 
 burg, and is at present the resident physician of that place. Dr. Orson C. Cole, now 
 retired, began practice in the township in 1870. For the past two years Dr. Fred. 
 Bailey has practiced in Eoaring Branch. 
 
 The following named persons have served as justices of the peace for the town- 
 ship since its organization: Martin Eobinson, 1833; Lauson Miller, 1834; Solon 
 Eichards and William Hill, 1835; John Marvin and Alfred Eipley, 1836; Evan 
 Harris, 1837; Edwin Dyer and Isaac Drake, 1838; Charles 0. Spencer, 1840; re- 
 elected, 1845, 1850; Perry Kewell, 1840; Theodore Harding, 1845; Ambrose Barker, 
 1850; re-elected, 1855, 1860; Abner Doty, 1852; George M. Foster, 1853; E. V. Van 
 Housen, 1856; Anson Dann, 1861; J. E. Cleveland, 1865; re-elected, 1870; Justin 
 Bothwell, 1866; A. A. Griswold, 1869; Patrick Wynn, 1874; re-elected, 1879, 1885, 
 1890; Peter B. Herrington, 1875; re-elected, 1880; Thomas De Coursey, 1884; re- 
 elected, 1889, 1894; Lawrence Eiley, 1895. 
 
 CHUHCHES, CEMETEBIBS AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Union, known as the "Swamp Church," was organized 
 May 9, 1844. The society sustained covenant meetings, gathering in private dwell- 
 ings, principally at the house of Deacon George Foster, and in the Swamp school 
 house until December 16, 1858, when their present church building was dedicated. 
 This building is located about a mile and a half east of Ogdensburg. It is one of 
 the oldest houses of worship in the county. Eev. E. Loomis contributed largely 
 toward its erection. The church has always belonged to the Bradford Association, 
 and has been served by the following named ministers: Eevs. J. E. Burdick, 1844- 
 45; "W. H. Dwire, 1846; I. B. Eeynolds, 1847-56, 1858-79; C. H. Crowl, 1883-84, 
 1886-87; W. A. Biss, 1888; J. G. IToble, 1889; G. D. Ballentine, 1890-91; T. 
 Shearer, 1893; M. C. Decker, 1894; W. H. Porter, 1895-96. The following named 
 ministers, thought not regularly employed as pastors, have preached and held re- 
 vival meetings at different times: Eevs. E. Burroughs, E. Loomis, Thomas Mit- 
 chell and G. P. Watrous. The church now numbers fifty-one members. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Newelltown is the outgrowth of a class 
 organized many years ago. It is in the same charge as the churches on Stull 
 Eidge and at Eoaring Branch and has had the same pastors. A house of worship 
 was erected in 1873, at a cost of $1,300. It maintains a well-attended Sunday- 
 school. 
 
 The StuU Ridge Methodist Episcopal Church originated in a class organized 
 about 1850. It afterward dwindled away, but was revived about twenty years ago. 
 A church building was erected and dedicated in 1881, near the residence of Thomas 
 Stull, who gave the land on which it stands. The pastors of this church have been 
 Eevs. Joseph F. Anderson, A. P. Wharton, J. B. Graham, T. S. Pans, J. P. Beyer 
 and Eobert L. Armstrong. This church now numbers about twenty members. 
 There are thirty pupils in the Sunday-school, of which Alfred Newell is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Roaring Branch originated in a class organ- 
 ized in 1870. The present house of worship, which cost $3,000, was dedicated 
 July 7, 1881. The pastors of this church have been Eevs. Mr. Craig, Mr. Edwards, 
 A. P. Wharton, J. F. Anderson, J. B. Graham, T. S. Faus, J. P. Beyer and Eobert 
 
UNION TOWNSHIP. 653 
 
 L. Armstrong. There axe at present about twenty members. A Sunday-school 
 of sixty pupils is in charge of J. D. Catlin, superintendent. 
 
 The Church of Christ of North Union was organized March 37, 1859, with 
 over sixty members. The following named ministers have served as pastors of 
 this church: Eevs. Charles McDougall, E. C. Barrow, E. F. Delmont, 1866: B. 
 H. Hayden, John Daisley, 1883; A. S. Morrison, 1884-85; E. P. Delmont, 1886-89; 
 J. H. Gordinier, 1890; M. T. Manus, 1891; A. E. Miller, 1891-94, and George Lo- 
 bingier, 1894-96. This church now numbers 110 members. The congregation 
 met in the school house until 1888, when a neat church building, with good sheds, 
 valued at $1,500, was erected. 
 
 St. John's Catholic Church was organized about thirty-five years ago, its mem- 
 bership being made up of the Catholic families of the Irish Settlement. A neat 
 frame church building, costing $600, was erected in 1880, replacing an older build- 
 ing erected soon after the church was organized. The present building occupies 
 a commanding site near the Liberty line, and is one of the landmarks of the town- 
 ship. The membership of this church now comprises eleven families. It is in the 
 Blossburg parish, and is served by the priests of the Blossburg church. 
 
 The People's Church, erected in 1889, at Ogdensburg, by the Church Building 
 Society, incorporated August 6, 1888, is a house of worship open to all denomina- 
 tions, without distinction of "creed or color." It is a neat frame edifice and cost 
 $1,600. 
 
 Cemeteries and graveyards are found in various parts of the township. Those 
 at Union Center, Ogdensburg, Stull Eidge and Bearing Branch are incorporated. 
 In these and the graveyards at N^ewelltown and other places in the township lie the 
 remains of the pioneer settlers and of many of their descendants. 
 
 The Secret Societies of the township are as follows: Griffin Lodge, No. 655, 
 I. 0. 0. P., was organized March 39, 1869. It now numbers thirty-four members, 
 and meets in Eoaring Branch. Irvin Post, No. 363, G. A. E., organized in 1883, 
 meets at Ogdensburg. Ogdensburg Tent, No. 196, K. 0. T. M., was organized 
 August 8, 1893. It meets in Ogdensburg and has twelve members. Mountain 
 Echo Council, Jr. 0. U. A. M., was instituted April 35, 1894. It meets in Eoaring 
 Branch. South Union Grange, No. 1093, P. of H., was organized in 1894. There 
 are also granges at Carpenter, at Union Center and in the Thomas neighborhood, 
 near the Bradford county line. A lodge of Patrons of Temperance meets at Car- 
 penter. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Penbryn is the name of a station on the Northern Central railroad near the 
 southeastern corner of the township. The name of the postoffice is Carpenter. The 
 village lies on both sides of Lycoming creek and is partly in Lycoming county. The 
 first settler here was Eli McNett, who located on the village site, in Union township, 
 in 1804. He opened a hotel here about 1830, in a brick building erected for the 
 purpose. It was known as the Halfway House, because it was half way between 
 Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and Elmira, New York. It was popular with the 
 traveling public for many years. On November 8, 1869, a postoffice, called Car- 
 penter, was established here. Elisha W. Sweet, the first postmaster, was succeeded 
 
g54 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 July 25, 1888, by Eli L. MeNett, who still holds the office. The railroad station 
 and the stores of Alexander Sweet and A. Carl are in Union township. 
 
 Newelltown is situated on Lycoming creek, about a mile and a half below Pen- 
 bryn. There are three or four farm residences here and two churches, the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal and the Second Adventist. 
 
 Roaring Branch is situated on Lycoming creek, at the mouth of Mill creek. 
 It is in both Lycoming and Tioga counties, and is a place of considerable import- 
 ance, on account of the large tannery on the Lycoming side, which gives employment 
 to over 100 persons. The name of the village is Mill Creek, and it was first settled 
 about sixty years ago. A postoffice, called Eoaring Branch, was established February 
 10, 1862. The first postmaster was L. L. Washburn. His successors have been 
 Charles S. Green, appointed January 19, 1863; Harvey A. Thornton, January 24, 
 1867; Charles S. Green, September 21, 1869; "William A. "Weaver, April 24, 1883; 
 Andrew J. Gosline, September 23, 1885; Charles Bubb, the present incumbent, 
 December 7, 1888. The first store was started about 1856 by Charles S. Green, 
 who continued in business imtil 1883. The site of this store is in Lycoming 
 county. The postoffice, the stores of Bubb & Leib and J. "W. Schnar, and the drug 
 store of C. D. Holcomb are in Tioga county. The first hotel was opened about thirty 
 years ago by Ider G. Clafiin. This hotel, known as the Mill Creek House, has been 
 run for the past eight years by J. B. Johnson. The Brainard House is across the 
 creek in Lycoming county, as is also the station of the Northern Central railway. 
 The Methodist Episcopal church building, the public school building and the greater 
 number of the private residences are in Tioga coimty. A daily stage line to Ogdens- 
 burg and Blossburg connects with trains on the Northern Central railroad. 
 
 Ogdensburg, named after John Ogden, who settled on its site in 1840, is situated 
 west of the center of the township, at the crossing of the Canton and the Blossburg 
 public roads. A postoffice was established here about 1845. The office of post- 
 master has been held by the following named persons: John Irvin, B. P. Irvin, 
 D. Irvin, L. Eiley, D. Irvin and B. S. Taxbox, appointed in August, 1893. The 
 first hotel here was opened about 1845 by John P. Irvin. The building was de- 
 stroyed by fire. The present house was erected by H. A. Lawrence about 1883. 
 He still runs it. The first merchants were Hunt & Harding, who embarked in busi- 
 ness about 1845. They were succeeded by William Baldwin. The village now 
 contains a hotel, two general stores, a drug store, a church and a public school 
 building. 
 
 Union Center, a mile and a half east of Ogdensburg, on the Canton road, con- 
 tains the Swamp Baptist church, a Grange hall and a public school building. A 
 number of the public roads leading from the north and the south center here. 
 
 Gleason is the name of a postoffice in the northeastern part of the township. 
 It was established in 1878, the first postmaster being John Irvin. 
 
CHAPTEE LIX. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 Wellsboeo— Delmae and Charleston Townships. 
 
 Benjamin Wistae Moheis, the founder of Wellsboro, was born in the City of 
 Philadelphia, in August, 1763, a son of Samuel Morris, a prominent merchant of that 
 city. He was a member of the Society of Eriends, then very numerous in Philadel- 
 phia. When the project of founding an English colony on Pine creek was started, 
 he became a member of the company and the owner of a large body of land. Having 
 met with financial reverses in his native city, through becoming security for a 
 friend, he turned over his available property in Philadelphia to his creditors, re- 
 serving only the tract of wild land in Tioga township, Lycoming county, a paxt of 
 which is now the site of Wellsboro, and smarting under the disgrace, as he regarded 
 it, resolved to bury himself in the wilderness of the Pine creek region and try to 
 retrieve his fortune. He was then past middle life, but he brought with him his wife, 
 Mary (Wells) Morris, bom in Philadelphia, September 16, 1761; one unmarried 
 daughter, Eebecea, and his son, Samuel W., and settled in the wilderness in 1799, 
 soon after building a log cabin on the site of W. D. Van Horn's residence. It 
 was dreary and lonely, after the life they had been used to, but they resolutely 
 braved the trials and tribulations which fell to their lot and succeeded in founding 
 a new home. In July, 1810, his daughter, Eebecea, married William Cox Ellis, of 
 Muncy. Mr. Ellis was a representative man of Lycoming county, a member of the 
 bar, and served in the legislature and in Congress. Mr. Morris held several of&ces 
 of trust at an early day, among them postmaster of Wellsboro nearly ten years, 
 and was prominent in the pioneer life of the community. His wife died in Wells- 
 boro, which was named in her honor, November 6, 1819; he survived her until 
 April 34, 1835, and died at his home in the same village. They are buried in the 
 northeastern part of Wellsboro Cemetery, where plain marble slabs mark their 
 graves. 
 
 Samuel Wells Moeeis was bom in Philadelphia, September 1, 1786, and came 
 with his parents to what is now Tioga county in 1799. He was educated at Prince- 
 ton College, and subsequently became one of the leading, progressive and dis- 
 tinguished citizens of northern Pennsylvania. He was the first treasurer of the 
 county, serving from 1808 to 1809, and the first postmaster of Wellsboro, which 
 office he filled from January 1, 1808, to December 31, 1813, and was succeeded 
 by his father. In 1811 he was elected a county commissioner, which office he 
 resigned to go upon the bench. In July, 1813, he was appointed an associate 
 judge, and sat upon the bench with Judge Gibson at the opening of the first court 
 in Wellsboro, in January, 1813. He was then twenty-six years old, and it is doubtful 
 if a younger man ever served in that capacity in Pennsylvania. He filled the office 
 until January, 1833. In 1833 he was elected to the legislature, in which body he 
 
656 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 served four years, and was a member of Congress from 1837 to 1841. In 1807 
 Mr. Morris married Miss Anna Ellis, daughter of "William Ellis, of Muney, Lycom- 
 ing county, and sister of William Cox Ellis, -who married his sister, Eebecca. Their 
 children were as follows: William E., a civil engineer, who died in Philadelphia, in 
 September, 1875; Mary Wells, who married Hon. James Lowrey; Saxah Ellis, 
 who married Dr. Joseph P. Morris; Susan Marriott, who married Hon. John W. 
 Guernsey; Benjamin Wistar, Protestant Episcopal bishop of Oregon; Eaehel Wells, 
 a resident of Portland, Oregon; Ellen, who married Judge Henry Booth, of Chicago; 
 Charles Ellis, who died in 1887; Anna E., widow of George E. Barker, of German- 
 town, and mother of William Morris Barker, Protestant Episcopal bishop of 
 Olympia, Washington; Louisa, who died in Philadelphia, in August, 1864, and 
 Samuel Wells, a resident of Madison, New Jersey. 
 
 Judge Morris was a man of great activity and enterprise. At an early day he 
 built a grist and saw-mill on his property near Stokesdale Junction, which proved 
 a great convenience to the pioneers. At that time the place was known as "the 
 Marsh," and is referred to by that name in the early records. His mill dam in more 
 modem years has been designated as the "Beaver Dam," but it was built by him for 
 supplying his mills with water power. It was afterwards torn away by a party of 
 indignant settlers who believed that the stagnant water was the cause of fever and 
 ague. Judge Morris was foremost in every improvement which he thought would 
 advance the interests of the country. He was a strong advocate for making the 
 Tioga river navigable, and he succeeded in organizing the Tioga Navigation Com- 
 pany, of which he was the first president. The last public enterprise in which he 
 was engaged was the construction of the Tioga railroad, to which he devoted ten 
 of the best years of his life, laboring incessantly from the incorporation of the com- 
 pany in 1826 until he resigned on account of his election to Congress. "For the 
 accomplishment of this undertaking," remarks a local writer, "and the develop- 
 ment of the coal lands at Blossburg, he obtained the services of Eichard C. Taylor, 
 an eminent English engineer and geologist, who not only made a survey of the 
 river for the navigation company and afterward for the railroad company, but also 
 made a geological survey and examination of the minerals of the Blossburg coal 
 region. Taylor's geological report was published chiefly at the expense of Judge 
 Morris. It was a work much sought after, but has long since been out of print and 
 hard to obtain." There was no local enterprise which had for its object the advance- 
 ment of the public welfare that did not have the earnest and substantial support 
 of Judge Morris. He was one of the founders of the Wellsboro Academy, the first 
 president of the board of trustees, to which he was elected again and again, serving 
 as president, treasurer, etc., and remaining a firm friend of that institution up to 
 the time of his death. He died at his home in Wellsboro, May 25, 1847, in the sixty- 
 first year of his age. His wife, bom near Muncy, Lycoming county. May 7, 1791, 
 died at Germantown, January 26, 1858. Both are buried in the Wellsboro Cemetery, 
 adjoining the graves of his parents. 
 
 John Noekis, whose name occurs frequently in the early records of Tioga 
 cou;nty, was bom in England in 1768, and was educated at Oxford University. 
 He came to this country towards the close of the Eighteenth centxuy, and early in 
 1799 removed from Philadelphia, as the agent of Benjamin Wistar Morris, to the 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 657 
 
 headwaters of the first fork of Pine creek, near the site of the present village of 
 Texas, Lycoming county. Here he soon afterwards biult a rude grist and saw-mill, 
 which became known as "Morris' Mills." A year or two later Norris leased a build- 
 ing which had been erected by Philip Moore, and opened a school, which was taught 
 by himself and wife, and pupils were received from as far away as Jersey Shore 
 and the settlements along the river. As an educational enterprise it was considered 
 wonderful for the time and attracted wide attention. When Benjamin Wistar 
 Morris became interested in founding Wellsboro, he seems to have secured the as- 
 sistance of Norris in the furtherance of his scheme, and the latter soon afterwards 
 abandoned his school and settled at the Big Marsh, from which he subsequently 
 moved to the vicinity of the village, where he remained the balance of his days. 
 
 According to a deed on record at Williamsport (Deed Book P, p. 97) an insight 
 is had of the causes which led to Norris' removal, and the part he afterwards bore 
 in promoting the interests of Morris and the Pine Creek Land Company. This 
 deed which bears date of April 33, 1804, conveys a tract of 300 acres of land from 
 Benjamin Wistar Morris to John Norris, and recites that: 
 
 In consideration of the services to be done and performed by the said John Norris in 
 promoting and advancing the settlement and improvement of the lands held by the said 
 Morris and others on and adjacent to Pine Creek, he, the said B. W. Morris, conveyed in 
 fee simple to the said John Norris, clear of all incumbrance, all that tract of land, &c. 
 And the said Norris having fully complied with his part of the said agreement to this 
 time and given satisfactory assurance to the said B. W. Morris, expedient and conducive 
 to the interest and advancement of the settlement aforesaid, to convey at this time to the 
 said John Norris the premises aforesaid, and in consideration of one dollar doth convey all 
 that tract situated in Lycoming county, beginning at corner of General Brodhead's, at a 
 sugar maple, containing about 200 acres, adjoined on south by lands reserved for Morris' 
 Mills." 
 
 In the same Deed Book F, page 100, is another deed by Morris conveying a 
 tract of 100 acres, in consideration of $400, to John Norris, called the "Marsh 
 Tract." Prom the foregoing we see why Norris became interested with the founder 
 of Wellsboro. And as a land agent he proved himself active, vigilant and trust- 
 worthy, and became one of the leading men of his time in the settlement. 
 
 When Tioga county was organized for judicial purposes, he was appointed the 
 first prothonotary and register and recorder, and served until 1818. He also ap- 
 pears to have had some knowledge of surveying — probably acquired in connection 
 with his land agency — ^for he served as county surveyor from 1814 to 1837, a period 
 of thirteen years. And when Wellsboro was made a borough, in 1830, he was 
 honored by being elected the first burgess. It should also be mentioned that he 
 was a charter member when the act incorporating the Academy was passed, and 
 was elected a trustee several times afterwards. By virtue of his position and social 
 relations, John Norris was recognized as one of the leading citizens of Wellsboro, 
 and was greatly esteemed and respected by the people. 
 
 Mr. Norris and his wife, Beulah (J'ackson) Norris, had no issue. He left a 
 will in which he made ample provision for his wife, giving her all his household 
 furniture, books, maps and papers — also the rents and proceeds of his real estate, 
 together with certain mortgages. To Lucy Kelsey, whose maiden name was Moore, 
 he gave $500, to be paid after the death of his wife; to Elizabeth Niles, then under 
 the charge of Mrs. John Dickinson, $500; to Mary P. Dickinson, who lived in his 
 42 
 
658 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY, 
 
 family when she was single and served as his secretary, $400; to Deborah Ann 
 Archer, $400; to his brother-in-law, Mordecai M. Jackson and wife, $450. The 
 remainder of his estate he divided among the sons and daughters of William Bache. 
 John Norris Bache was constituted his sole executor and trustee; and it was pro- 
 vided that in the event of his death before the business was settled up, his brother, 
 William Bache, was to succeed him. The latter lived for years in the N'orris family, 
 but was never legally adopted. The will was dated at "Dickinson's Mill," September 
 16, 1848. And here Mr. ISTorris died, February 10, 1849, aged eighty yeajs, ten 
 months and eleven days. Mrs. Norris also died here, April 13, 1853, aged seventy- 
 five years. 
 
 William Bache, Se., was one of the prominent early settlers of Wellsboro, 
 Pennsylvania. He was bom in Bromsgrove, England, December 23, 1771, and 
 immigrated to America in 1793. For a short time after his arrival he resided in 
 Philadelphia, where he engaged in the business of cutting profiles. He then made 
 a tour of the United States and the West Indies, following the same art. Eeturning 
 to Philadelphia, he was married there November 28, 1811, to Miss Anna Page, and 
 soon after they made a journey to Wellsboro to visit John JSTorris, who was an old 
 acquaintance of Mr. Bache. ISTorris at that time was deeply interested with Benja- 
 min Wistar Morris in founding the town, and as they were ofiEering strong induce- 
 ments to settlers, Mr. Bache, in 1812, decided to take up his residence there. He 
 immediately purchased town lots, and lands in Delmar, under the easy terms which 
 were offered, and prepared to engage in business. There being no store in the vil- 
 lage, he put up a building and became one of the first merchants in Wellsboro. 
 His store and dwelling stood on the southwest side of the present public square. 
 Dealing in mercantile goods was attended with many difficulties at that time. Mr. 
 Bache purchased his goods in Philadelphia, and they were hauled to Wellsboro in 
 wagons overland. Uncle Eben Murry, one of the slaves of William Hill Wells, 
 whom he had manumitted when he (Wells) left the county, was one of the teamsters. 
 
 Shrewd, sagacious, industrious and energetic, Mr. Bache prospered as a business 
 man and steadily accumulated property. While doing a kind act in assisting a 
 neighbor to cut a supply of fuel, a tree fell on him, whereby he lost his right arm. 
 Through care he recovered from the accident, learned to write with his left hand, 
 and successfully continued his business. April 10, 1822, he was appointed post- 
 master of Wellsboro, and held the office for over twenty-three years. He was one of 
 the original trustees mentioned in the act incorporating the Wellsboro Academy, 
 and was a member of the committee selected to prepare a plan for the building, 
 and for many years was identified with, and took an active interest in, the success 
 and prosperity of the institution. 
 
 Mr. Bache and wife had six children, three sons and three daughters, viz: 
 William, Laugher, Sarah, who married Judge Eobert G. White; John N., Haxriet, 
 who married Charles Minor, of Honesdale, and Anna, who became the wife of A. P. 
 Cone. They gave their children the advantages of education, which were liberal for 
 the times, and they became men and women of character and position in life. Mr. 
 Bache died July 9, 1845, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. His wife, who was born 
 at Burlington, ISTew Jersey, l^ovember 6, 1783, died December 1, 1856. 
 
 William Bache, Jh., was born in Wellsboro, October 26, 1812. He received 
 his education in the schools of his native town and learned the profession of land 
 
BI06EAPHICAL SKETCHES. 659 
 
 surveying, in whicli he became quite proficient. When about the age of twenty-six 
 years he became the agent of several large landed estates, which enabled him to 
 acquire a vast fund of information relating to land surveys. For many years he 
 was engaged as an active surveyor in the field, and as a dealer in farming and 
 timbered lands. 
 
 Mr. Bache was first married December 25, 1839, to Mary Elizabeth Nichols, 
 daughter of Archibald Mchols, and sister of the late Judge Nichols. By her he had 
 one daughter, Sarah, who became the wife of Alfred Nichols. His wife, Mary Eliza- 
 beth, died January 38, 1845, and in 1849 he married Adeline Eobinson, sister of 
 the late Chester and John L. Robinson. Of his two children by the second marriage 
 but one is living, Mary Adeline, widow of "William C. Kress. Mr. Bache's second 
 wife died October 11, 1852, and he was subsequently married the third time, to 
 Mrs. Lydia Maria Davison, daughter of Palmer Nichols. She died July 2, 1885. 
 There was no issue by this marriage. 
 
 In looking back over his long and busy life, Mr. Bache has the proud satis- 
 faction of realizing that he has ever been an energetic, progressive business man. 
 From the beginning of his career of activity he has filled many minor of&ces of trust, 
 and has always manifested the most genei'ous liberality in whatever was calculated 
 to develop the resources of his native town and county, and therefore promote their 
 success and prosperity. He was treasurer of the Wellsboro Academy for mauj 
 years; was borough treasurer; manager of the Lawrenceville and Wellsboro Plank 
 Eoad Company, and the first president of the First National Bank of Wellsboro. For 
 fully fifty years he has been a vestryman in St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church, 
 and one of its most liberal supporters. He also took an active part in securing the 
 building of the Lawrenceville and Wellsboro railroad, and all other public enter- 
 prises calculated to build up the social and material interests of Wellsboro ajid the 
 surrounding country. The project to supply the town with the best water that could 
 be secured was originated by him and received his strong financial support. The 
 Willow Hall School project also found in him its most liberal friend; while the 
 substantial Bache Auditorium, erected in 1894, at a cost of $16,000, is a grand monu- 
 ment to his enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 It is also a noteworthy fact that Mr. Bache has continuously resided in Wells- 
 boro since his birth, a period of over eighty-four years, and is the oldest living 
 citizen of the town who was born within its limits. When he first saw the light of 
 day Wellsboro was a mere hamlet composed of rude log dwellings, while Tioga county 
 was a comparative wilderness. His boyhood and early manhood were spent among 
 the stirring scenes of pioneer life, and in his profession he has traversed the hills 
 and valleys of Tioga county many times. Fortune has smiled upon him and re- 
 warded him for his toil and industry, and he is now in the e;vening of his well spent 
 life enjoying all the comforts which an abimdance of this world's goods can procure. 
 He is still quite active for one who has passed the four score milestone, and save 
 some imperfection in his hearing, is in possession of his mental faculties, and 
 enjoys the relation of reminiscences of bygone days. He is a thorough type of the 
 honest, hardy, industrious and intelligent pioneers of Tioga county, and he views 
 with delight the progress that has been made in every department of individual 
 effort since he was a boy. 
 
 IsEAEL Mbeeick, Je., was one of the prosperous and progressive pioneers of 
 
660 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Tioga couiity. Of New England ancestry, he was bom in the state of Delaware in 
 1790, whither his parents, Israel Merrick, Sr., and wife, had removed in search of a 
 home. Not Hking the place, and having their attention called to the inducements 
 Morris was holding out for settlers in VVellsboro, they came here about 1805. Israel 
 Merrick, St., was a tall, venerable looking man. He was married twice, and died 
 April 30, 1844, aged seventy-eight years. He was buried in Ansonia cemetery. His 
 second wife was a sister-in-law of Justus Dartt, of Charleston township. Israel 
 Merrick, Jr., had three full sisters — ^Margaret, who married Mordeeai Moore; Mary, 
 who married Elmer Bacon, Sr., and Eebecca, who married Daniel Kelsey. Merrick 
 and Charles Moore took their parents to Arkansas over forty years ago, where they 
 died. Charles Moore at one time represented a district of Arkansas in Congress. 
 He died of cholera many years ago. His brother, Merrick Moore, was a quarter- 
 master general in the Confederate service. 
 
 I^ael Merrick, Jr., was about fifteen years of age when the family came to this 
 county. At that time Wellsboro was mostly dense woods and a part of it a swamp. 
 There was, however, a small clearing of about an acre in the region where John L. 
 Eobinson's house was afterwards built. An incident in the life of Mr. Merrick at 
 that early day is worth relating. At one time he was going from the mill at the 
 Marsh to his home in Delmar, where they first settled, driving a yoke of oxen. Get- 
 ting belated he took refuge in an abandoned corn-crib which stood near where Mr. 
 Eobinson afterwards built his house. The only habitation near this was a rude log 
 cabin on the side of the hill where Judge Morris afterwards bxdlt a large farm house. 
 Before going into the crib for the night he chained his oxen outside and built a fire. 
 During the night he, as well as the cattle, were very much frightened by the screams 
 of a panther on what is now known as Bache's hill. The fierce animal scented 
 game in the log hut, but the presence of the fire, which was kept brightly burning by 
 the young man, probably deterred it from making the attack. The night thus passed 
 by our young pioneer was a long and dreary one and the "brealc "o day" was gladly 
 welcomed. This incident will serve to show the primitive conditions which ex- 
 isted at that time, as well as to illustrate the progress that has been made in less than 
 ninety years. 
 
 There were no schools in the county when Israel Merrick, Jr., came here. He 
 had, however, attained the first rudiments of an education before he left his native 
 State; but not content with that, he used to spend long hours after the family had 
 retired for the night in reading and studying, by the light of pine knots, such books 
 as he could obtain. He must have been a very industrious student, for he became 
 a man of much general information, such as is derived from books; was an excel- 
 lent penman, a keen observer of human action, and was naturally a man of good, 
 sound common sense. He never failed in meeting public expectations in whatever 
 station he was placed. As commissioners' clerk for over nineteen years, he became 
 widely known, and he commanded the respect of all with whom he came in con- 
 tact. His clerical career commenced in 18.38, and extended to 1847, when he was 
 elected a county commissioner, which office he held three years. Mr. Merrick mar- 
 ried Julia A. Erway, who was born December 10, 1808. Their children were: 
 Charles, George W., and Ellis; Maria, wife of Deroy Herrington; Mary, wife of 
 William Mathers; Anna, who married Washington Larrison; Sarah, wife of Hon. 
 Mortimer E. Elliott, and Ellen. George W. is a prominent lawyer of Wellsboro, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 661 
 
 a sketch of his life will be found in the chapter devoted to the "Bench and Bar." 
 Mr. Merrick died March 7j 1855, aged sixty-five years, one month and ten days; his 
 wife survived him about thirty-one years, dying March 35, 1886. 
 
 MoEDECAi M. Jackson was born at Montgomery Square, near Philadelphia, 
 July 15, 1784. He came with his brother-in-law, John Norris, to the settlement 
 established near the site of Texas, Lycoming county, ia 1799, and known as "Morris' 
 Mills," and in 1804 removed with his parents to Wellsboro. They became discour- 
 aged and soon returned to the vicinity of Philadelphia. Young Jackson, how- 
 ever, remained here with friends, grew to manhood, and became a prominent 
 citizen of Wellsboro, where he died September 29, 1861. He married Hannah 
 Iddings, and they had issue: Eichard, who was among the first male children bom 
 in the settlement; James, Mary P., bom June 35, 1814. She lived for several years 
 ia the family of John Norris and served as his amanuensis. She married John 
 Dickinson, who was for many years one of the early merchants. He died August 
 35, 1873, aged fifty-eight, but his venerable widow, who has passed her four score 
 years, still survives and is a charming and instructive conversationalist. She can 
 relate many reminiscences of early days and distinctly remembers hearing the 
 wolves howl at night on the hills surrounding Wellsboro. The other daughter, 
 Deborah Ann, bom in 1816, married Dr. Archer, of Maryland. 
 
 Daniel Kelset was one of the early representative men of Delmar township. 
 He was a native of Kew Hampshire, bom September 7, 1777, came to Tioga county 
 in 1807 and settled on the old Kelsey homestead, now in the southern part of Wells- 
 boro. He was four times married. His first wife was a daughter of John Mathers, 
 a pioneer of Delmar. She bore him one son, John, who learned the printer's trade 
 in early life, and then went to Wilkes-Barre and studied law. He next removed to 
 'New Orleans, whence he wrote a few letters to friends in Wellsboro, but soon after- 
 wards made a voyage up the Mississippi river and never vsTote home again. It was 
 learned, however, that between 1840 and 1850 there was a lawyer named John 
 Kelsey in Moniteau county, Missouri, who then occupied a seat on the bench, and 
 the belief gained ground that he was the lost John Kelsey of Wellsboro. This 
 belief was further strengthened by the fact that he left home under the deep dis- 
 pleasure of his father, intending never to have any further communication with him 
 or the family. In this declaration he exhibited the same unbending spirit that 
 characterized his father. Daniel Kelse^s second wife was Miss Kilbum, a sister of 
 Judge Ira Kilbum, of Lawrenceville. His third wife was Eebecea Merrick, a 
 daughter of Israel Merrick, Sr., whom he married January 3, 1835. She became the 
 mother of six children, as follows: Letetia, wife of John English, of Delmar; Daniel, 
 Benjamin P. and Israel M., all deceased; Eobert, a resident of Wellsboro, and Anna 
 B., teacher in a government school at Fort Wrangle, Alaska. Mrs. Kelsey died 
 January 16, 1846, and he married for his fourth wife Dinah Ogden. Mr. Kelsey 
 died April 17, 1863. He was a man of marked individuality and had his own way of 
 doing things. On January 25, 1813, he was appointed a justice of the peace for 
 Delmar township, and held the office nearly thirty years. Many interesting reminis- 
 cences of him have been preserved which show the character of the man. He 
 lived on a farm not included within the original borough limits. In course of time 
 he came to be familiarly known as "Squire Kelsey," a title he bore until the close 
 of his life. As early as 1817 he was elected one of the trustees of Wellsboro Academy, 
 
662 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY.. 
 
 and was re-elected in 1819 and 1830. In 1821, when the number of trustees was re- 
 duced one-half, he was dropped from the list, and he was not again elected until 
 1826. He was twice re-elected, in 1827 and 1828. It is said that he was liberal in 
 his religious views, leaning towards a generous toleration and opposed to bigotry. 
 He was an industrious, thrifty fanner, close and calculating, but just in his dealings. 
 No man ever accused him of dishonesty or of attempting to wrong his fellow-man. 
 He was very decided in his opinions, stem and unbending with his children, and 
 believed that the true way to prepare them for the realities of life was to teach 
 them morality, industry and economy. Another of his peculiarities was that he 
 was a man of one price always. If wheat, corn, oats and potatoes were scarce and 
 the price high, the poor man could buy of him at his own price, a happy medium 
 between high and low. If it was a year of plenty, still he had his own price, and 
 would not reduce it if he had to keep his hay and grain over and feed his potatoes 
 to his stock. In times of high prices it was only the poor and needy who could buy 
 of him. No one could buy for speculation. The home farm is now occupied by the 
 widow of his son, Benjamin F. 
 
 EoBEET Kelset, SOU of Daniel and Eebecca (Merrick) Kelsey, was born in 
 Wellsboro, June 30, 1834, and was reared to manhood on the old homestead. In 
 June, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, of the "Bucktail" regiment, served twenty 
 months, and was then discharged on account of disability. He participated in the 
 battles of Mechanicsville and Drainsville. In September, 1864, he re-enlisted in the 
 Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, in which he served until the 
 close of the war. Upon his return to "Wellsboro he engaged in the hardware busi- 
 ness with D. P. and William Eoberts, for about a year and a half. He then settled 
 upon a part of the homestead which he owned until 1892, when he sold it and has 
 since been living retired. Mr. Kelsey was married November 13, 1866, to Mary E. 
 Trull, a daughter of Eobert and Sarah W. Trull. His wife died March 23, 1879, and 
 on January 6, 1883, he married Mary Nancy Wilcox, a daughter of John H. and 
 Sarah Wilcox. In politics, Mr. Kelsey is a Eepublican, and served as supervisor 
 of Delmar in 1869. In religion, he inclines to the Adventist belief. 
 
 Alpheus Cheney, one of the pioneers of Wellsboro, and the first sheriff of 
 Tioga county, was born at Sturbridge, Massachusetts, April 27, 1769, a son of Joseph 
 and Mercilva Cheney. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and served for 
 a short time in the United States army. In 1803 we find him employed as a book- 
 keeper at Painted Post, New York, but in March, 1804, he removed to what is now 
 Addison, where he was town clerk in 1805. He married Ann Eliza Bartill, and in 
 1808 sold his interests at Addison and removed to Wellsboro, where he purchased 
 lots, 10, 13 and 18 on the original plot of that town. He was the first hotel-keeper 
 within the village Umits, the third county treasurer, and the first sheriff of the 
 county. About 1835 he removed to Lebanon, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Uncle Eben and Aunt Hetty Mueey.— In the sketch of William Bache, Sr., 
 reference is made to Eben Murrj', as one of the early teamsters who hauled goods 
 from Philadelphia for him. Eben and his wife Hetty were slaves, brought here by 
 William Hill Wells about the beginning of the century. When Mr. Wells and his 
 family gave up the struggle to found a home in the wild region of Delmar, they 
 manumitted their slaves and gave them their cleared land and log cabins as a re- 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. gQ3 
 
 ward for their faithfulness. Eegarding the story of the gift of a home to these 
 faithful colored people, one authority says: 
 
 He not only gave them the farm, with suitable farming- implements and teams, but 
 also the household furniture, which was very valuable for those times. Tradition says 
 that their white neighbors never rested till the freedmen were dispossessed of every- 
 thing and they were finally indebted to the kindness of John Norris for the little homes 
 where they ended their days. They were a very superior class of colored people. Aunt 
 Hetty, it was said, was a daughter of an African princess, and Uncle Eben was a born 
 gentleman, most dignified and courteous in appearance and manners. 
 
 In the northeast corner of the Wellsboro Cemetery the tombstone of these two 
 remarkable colored people may be seen. It bears these inscriptions: "Eben Murry, 
 died May 6, 1864, aged 96. Hetty, his wife, died July 4, 1868, aged 99. Colored 
 people sixty-four years residents of Delmar and Wellsboro, and highly respected 
 by all." 
 
 "Uncle Eben and Aunt Hetty" had six children, two sons and four daughters. 
 The eldest, a daughter, was born May 4, 1804, probably in Delmar, soon after their 
 parents came from Delaware. Of the six only one now survives — "Betty Murry," as 
 she is familiarly called. She was bom in Delmar township, in March, 1816, and 
 from her appearance bids fair to live as long as her parents. She was trained as a 
 house servant and cook by Mrs. James Lowrey, and became very proficient. She 
 excels as a caterer and manager at weddings and social parties, and her services 
 are in constant demand by the best classes. Betty was present at the wedding of 
 Dr. Joseph P. Morris to Sarah E., daughter of Judge Samuel W. Morris, in 1836, 
 and ofiiciated in the same capacity at the we'dding of their daughter, Catherine,' 
 many years afterwards. She is intelligent and ladylike in her manners, and is 
 greatly respected. She cared for her aged parents thirteen years, and when they 
 died she had a marble tablet erected to preserve their names and memories. Al- 
 though eighty-one years old she does not show her age, and is, apparently, as active 
 and able to pursue her calling as she was forty years ago. 
 
 James Lock, who was bom in ISTew Hampshire, May 18, 1790, came to "Wells- 
 boro in 1815, attracted there no doubt by the inducements held out to settlers. 
 At that time there were but five frame buildings in the place, the balance being 
 log structures of the most primitive character. Mr. Lock was a silversmith, but he 
 did not long pursue his trade, for there was no demand for his skill in that line. 
 He was a natural mechanic, however, and soon found other business. During the 
 building of the second court house, in 1835, he made the doors and kept the tools 
 of the stone cutters in order. He subsequently established a gun shop, the first of 
 the kind in the village, and manufactured a very excellent rifle. He was a successful 
 hunter and angler. On his eighty-third anniversary, and the sixtieth of his mar- 
 riage, the citizens of Wellsboro made him a formal call and presented him and his 
 estimable wife with a handsome Bible as a token of respect. Mr. Lock died March 
 14, 1874, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. 
 
 Benjamin" B. Smith was one of the pioneers of Wellsboro, Tioga county. He 
 came here from New England in 1819, and taught in the Old Academy several 
 years. We find him appointed a Justice of the peace in Jtme, 1833, which oifiee he 
 filled for a long period. In 1837 he founded the Phoenix, the second newspaper 
 established in Wellsboro, the history of which is given in a previous chapter. He 
 
664 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 continued his connection with the Phoenix until 1834, when he sold his interest ia 
 the plant. From 1833 to 1836 he filled the office of register and recorder, was 
 a prominent and enterprising man, and always took an active interest in pubhc 
 afEairs. Pinally engaging in the mercantile business, he became one of the leading 
 merchants of Wellsboro. The firm of B. B. Smith & Son, which existed up to the 
 beginning of the war, is weE remembered by the people of the county. Mr. Smith 
 was married in Wellsboro to Margaret Christenot, a native of Switzerland. They 
 reared a family of eight children, named as follows: Ellen, deceased; George 
 Dwight, who was killed in the battle of South Mountain; Frances A., wife of 
 Edward Maynard, of Kansas; Samuel E., who died at Paola, Kansas, June 9, 1896; 
 Henry B., a merchant of Osawatomie, Kansas; Lydia A., wife of Jeremiah Wood, 
 of Tacoma, Washington; Charles B., a resident of Kansas, and Azubah K., deceased 
 vidfe of Bliss Chapin, of Osawatomie. Mr. Smith spent the remaining years of his 
 life in Wellsboro, dying October 21, 1868, in his seventy-eighth year. His widow 
 removed to Osawatomie, Kansas, where she died some years later. Both are kindly 
 remembered by a large circle of friends. 
 
 Geoegb Dwight Smith was born in Wellsboro, Tioga county, July 36, 1825, 
 a son of Benjamin B. and Margaret Smith. He obtained a good education, and 
 later joined his father as a member of the firm of B. B. Smith & Son. When the 
 war broke out he became active in support of the government and assisted in raising 
 Company I, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. He went to the front as first lieu- 
 tenant of that company, but soon after was appointed assistant adjutant general of 
 the Second Brigade, First Division^ Ninth Army Corps. Lieutenant Smith was 
 killed at the battle of South Mountain September 14, 1862, and thus ended the 
 promising career of a gallant soldier and patriot. On February 7, 1855, he married 
 Miss ISr. Azubah Eobinson, daughter of the late John L. Kobinson. Mr. Smith was a 
 member of the Presbyterian church of Wellsboro, was an active worker in that body, 
 and was superintendent of the Sunday-school when he went to the front in defense 
 of the flag. He was an upright, progressive and enterprising citizen, and always did 
 his full share towards the social and material development of his native county. 
 His widow is also a member of the Presbyterian church and one of the most liberal 
 contributors towards the erection of the new church building in Wellsboro. She 
 is an ardent supporter of all military society movements that have for their object 
 the welfare of the old soldiers or their families. 
 
 The ITiCHOLS Family. — ^Archibald Nichols came to Wellsboro in 1829, from 
 Chenango county, New York, whither his son, Levi I., had preceded him the year 
 previous. Enos, another son, followed them in 1838. The father was a stout, heavy 
 man, while Levi was the reverse. Enos resembled his father very much in general 
 appearance. The mother, Mrs. Betsey Nichols, was a fine looking, well built 
 woman, domestic and home-loving in her tastes and disposition and much respected 
 by her acquaintances. There was one daughter in the family, Mary Elizabeth, who 
 was the youngest. She was bom in March, 1816, married William Baehe, Jr., and 
 died January 23, 1845. She was the second female school teacher under the com- 
 mon school system. Mr. Nichols and his son Levi bought timber lands on Pine 
 creek when they first came to Wellsboro, and soon after property in the village. 
 They also bought a stock of goods and opened a general store on the east comer 
 of Main and Grafton streets. The building in which their store was kept was burned, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. QQ^ 
 
 and among other things destroyed was the old Eamage press on which the Phoenix 
 newspaper was printed. In those early times it cost something "to get goods into 
 Wellsboro. . Mr. Nichols used to haul all his goods from Utica by wagon, to which 
 place they had been brought from JSTew York City by steamboat and canal. Of 
 course the percentage above the selling price along the line of the Erie canal was 
 considerable and the people of Wellsboro had to pay a high price for their store 
 goods, although Mr. Nichols' prices were a great improTement on those of his pre- 
 decessors. Before the building of the Erie canal all mercantile goods were brought 
 in wagons from Philadelphia to Williamsport and then hauled over the moun- 
 tains to Wellsboro and sold at enormous prices. When the Academy was built, as 
 high as twenty-five cents a pound was paid for nails, and other things in proportion, 
 except lumber. 
 
 When Archibald Nichols came to Wellsboro he was only forty-three years old 
 and his son Levi twenty. The father and son were much alike in one respect. They 
 both loved amusement; but in the character of their amusement they differed very 
 materially. The son loved music and was a natural musician, while the father 
 loved the same only as it helped one to keep step in the dance. The son loved the 
 quiet, still hunt in the forest and the gentle tread along the trout streams near 
 Wellsboro. The father had little taste in that direction. In a word, Archibald 
 Nichols was a very genial man, a pleasant companion, and a good member of society. 
 He lived in Wellsboro only about nine years, dying in November, 1838, aged nearly 
 fifty-three. His wife died April 31, 1854, in her sixtieth year. 
 
 Ends Nichols, the youngest son, was bom May 18, 1814, and died August 12, 
 1844. He was a very genial, whole-souled young man, full of mirth and frolic, and 
 had he lived until he was fifty-three, as his father did, he would have been his very 
 counterpart. When he died he had a host of friends to mourn his early taking off. 
 
 Levi I. Nichols, who was the last of the original stock in the march to the 
 grave, was best known of the family, and was in all respects a most worthy member 
 of society. He was for many years one of the trustees of the Wellsboro Academy, 
 and generally while on the board its secretary. He was also for some time its 
 treasurer. He was on the common school board nearly all the time from its organiza- 
 tion, September 17, 1834, until about 1850, acting either as secretary or treasurer 
 most of this period. Mr. Nichols was appointed justice of the peace June 9, 1836. 
 In March, 1850, he was appointed an associate judge and served until November, 
 1851. 
 
 Judge Nichols was married on January 4, 1832, to Sarah J. Brown, daughter 
 of Thomas Brown, of Oxford, Chenango county. New York. She was bom at 
 Northumberland, Pennsylvania, May 1, 1814, while her parents were temporarily 
 residing at that place, her father being associated with Theodore Burr, the famous 
 bridge builder of early days, in the erection of bridges in New York and Penn- 
 sylvania. At the time of their marriage there was but one carriage in the Wells- 
 boro region, and that was owned by William Eberenz, of Delmar, who kindly loaned 
 it to Mr. Nichols to fetch his bride to Wellsboro. The distance was about 150 miles 
 and it took the young couple several days to make the journey. In 1833 they com- 
 menced housekeeping in a modest home erected by Mr. Nichols on the lot now occu- 
 pied by the residence of Judge Williams. Of thirteen children bom to them, seven 
 are living, viz: Mrs. Mary E. Lamb, Mrs. Henry W. Williams, Mrs. B. P. Clayton, 
 
666 HiSTOBT or tiog4. county. 
 
 Mrs. Walter Sherwood, Enos G., Chester and Henry. Judge Nichols died in Wells- 
 boro, November 15, 1868, in his fifty-ninth year. His wife survived until May 7, 
 189G, dying at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Walter Sherwood, with whom she had 
 lived for the past ten years. Both were adherents of the Protestant Episcopal church. 
 Mrs. Nichols was a kind, charitable and benevolent woman, one of that noble band of 
 pioneers to whose patience, courage and industry Tioga county largely owes its 
 present prosperity. 
 
 Jonah Bkewstee, a son of Nathan Brewster, was bom in Connecticut, and 
 located in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1813, where he became 
 quite prominent in political affairs. He was collector of taxes at Bridgewater, and 
 subsequently clerk and commissioner of Susquehanna county, and served four years 
 in the House and four years in the Senate. In 1839 he came to Tioga county and 
 embarked in merchandising at Tioga, which he continued until 1831, when he was 
 appointed prothonotary and register and recorder of the county. Eemoving to 
 Wellsboro he filled those offices for six years, and was in April, 1840, appointed 
 associate judge, which office he filled two terms. He also served twice as a Demo- 
 cratic presidential elector. In 1838 he purchased a farm in Delmar township, 
 upon which he died in 1858. Judge Brewster was married five times and reared a 
 family of eleven children, only three of whom survive, viz: George A., of Charleston 
 township; Alexander S., of Wellsboro, and Jonas S., a resident of New Orleans. 
 
 Chestee Kobinson was for over half a century one of the most successful and 
 best known merchants, lumbermen and bankers of northern Pennsylvania. Born 
 in Hartwick, Otsego county, New York, August 14, 1807, a son of Jesse and Abiah 
 Eobinson, his youth was passed in his native place, where he assisted his father in 
 operating a tannery. On the 6th of January, 1830, he married Lodoiska Bowen, and 
 in the spring of 1835 came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and entered 
 into partnership with his brother, John L. Eobinson, who had purchased the store 
 of Samuel Dickinson the preceding year. With the passing, years the firm of C. & 
 J. L. Eobinson developed and enlarged the business, and carried on the most ex- 
 tensive mercantile trade in Tioga county up to 1863, when they gave up merchan- 
 dising to embark in banking. Soon after their settlement in Wellsboro they pur- 
 chased timber lands on Pine creek and engaged in lumbering. This branch of the 
 business was under the personal supervision of Chester, to whose keen foresight, 
 conservative management and unremitting industry was due much of the success 
 attained. They continued the lumber business until 1862, and the following year 
 abandoned merchandising and began the preliminary steps which resulted in the 
 founding of the First National Bank of Wellsboro in 1864, to the upbuilding of 
 which institution they afterwards devoted their entire attention. The larger part 
 of the stock was taken by the Eobinson brothers, who continued to control the bank's 
 policy as long as they lived. They were its guiding spirits, to whose sound judg- 
 ment, strict financial integrity and watchful care was principally due its success. 
 They were not only life-long business associates, but were also noted for their 
 brotherly affection and loyalty toward each other. This sympathetic relation, of 
 a quality above that usually implied by the fraternal tie, was marked by the 
 strongest proofs of mutual confidence, and continued unbroken throughout the 
 years of close companionship until finally severed by death. About 1880 Chester 
 retired from active participation in business affairs, and devoted the remaining 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. Q^'J 
 
 years of his life to the enjoyment of his home and ample fortune, though he was a 
 daily visitor at the bank until failing health confined him to the house. Sur- 
 roimded by every comfort that wealth could give, and solaced by the tender care and 
 affection of his children, he passed the autumn of his life in quiet peace and 
 happiness, dying on the 31st of December, 1890, at the ripe age of over eighty-three 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Eobinson's first wife, Lodoiska, died March 16, 1843, leaving two children, 
 George Chester, and Juliet, the recently deceafied widow of the late M. M. 
 Converse, of Wellsboro. The son, George Chester, was born in Hartwiek, New 
 York, August 9, 1833, and died at his father^s home in "Wellsboro, September 31, 
 1863, while entering on a life of very bright promise. He graduated from Yale 
 College in 1856, where he had given proof of marked ability in composition and 
 oratory. On leaving Yale he studied in the 'New York Theological Seminary 
 until the spring of 1857", when he became pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Brooklyn. In August, 1858, he married Miss Mary Stevens, daughter 
 of Dr. Abel Stevens, a prominent Methodist divine, and the following spring became 
 pastor of Union Chapel, Cincinnati, Ohio. A year later his health, frail from 
 boyhood, failed, and he went to Europe, where he spent two years in travel and 
 judicious study. Eeturning to Cincinnati in June, 1863, with apparently restored 
 health, he resumed his pastoral relations, but was soon again prostrated by his old 
 malady, consumption, from which he never recovered. Mr'. Eobinson was en- 
 dowed with a mental organization of unusual power and delicacy, and was a fine 
 classical scholar and thoroughly conversant with the best literature of Europe and 
 America. 
 
 On the 20th of June, 1848, Chester Eobinson married Miss Mary E. Barber, 
 a daughter of Eobert Barber, of Columbia, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. She 
 was bom in Columbia, March 5, 1816, and died in "Wellsboro May 14, 1878, leaving 
 one daughter, Mary Barber Eobinson, who still occupies the old family home. Mrs. 
 Eobinson was noted for her nobility of heart and true Christian character. In 
 early life she united with the Methodist Episcopal church, and was ever after a 
 faithful and helpful member and a liberal supporter of religious and charitable en- 
 terprises. A friend to the poor, no one applied to her in vain, and none left her 
 without substantial assistance and encouragement. As a wife and mother she 
 was a noble example of those womanly virtues which won her the love and respect 
 of the community in which her entire married life was passed. 
 
 Mr. Eobinson was an exceedingly modest man, and never sought or cared for 
 public office, but he always took great interest in the growth and prosperity of 
 "Wellsboro. A Eepublican from the organization of that party, he ever manifested 
 a deep interest in its principles and success, and was quite active in local politics. 
 He possessed a kindly heart, a genial, companionable temperament, and many other 
 estimable qualities as a citizen and neighbor. His venerable head, whitened by 
 the snows of eighty-three winters, was laid low on the last day of the old year. So 
 closed a long and prosperous career, marked by the strictest integrity and highest 
 business honor. 
 
 John L. Eobinson, for nearly sixty years one of the prominent and enterpris- 
 ing citizens of Tioga county, was born at Hartwick, Otsego county, ISTew York, 
 January 6, 1813, a son of Jesse and Abiah Eobinson, pioneers of that place. He 
 
668 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 obtained a good conmion school education and early developed those habits of 
 imtiring industry upon -which his subsequent successful business career was built 
 up to its full fruition. At the age of fourteen he began clerking in one of the 
 leading stores in Otego, Xew York, which vocation he continued for a few years 
 and then opened a store at NinevaJi, New York, where he carried on business up 
 to his majority. Having in the meantime accumulated a small capital, he came 
 to Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1834, purchased the store of Samuel 
 Dickinson, and embarked in general merchandising. At that time the village con- 
 tained only about 500 inhabitants, while the surroimding country was very sparsely 
 settled and just emerging from its primitive conditions. In the spring of 1835 
 his brother, Chester, joined him, and the firm of C. & J. L. Eobinson came into 
 existence. They soon began to realize the importance of the lumber interest, and 
 securing timber lands engaged in lumbering. John L. attended to the financial 
 part of the business, while Chester gave his personal supervision to the outside oper- 
 ations. With characteristic energy they continued developing this great industry, 
 in connection with the mercantile business, until they became widely known as one 
 of the most substantial and reliable firms in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 Eetiring from the lumber business in 1862, they continued merchandising for 
 a period, but also turned their attention to the establishment and up-building of 
 other enterprises. In May, 1864, John L. became the moving spirit in the organi- 
 zation of the First l^Tational Bank of Wellsboro, and his financial solidity and 
 prominence were subsequently recognized by his election as the second president of 
 that institution, a position he filled continuously for twenty-eight years. After 
 the bank was founded he took full charge and acted as cashier for a period, until the 
 business was in proper running order. Under his energetic, careful and judicious 
 guidance the First National grew in strength and popularity and won a high place 
 among the solid financial institutions of the State. Mr. Eobinson was a man of 
 commendable public spirit and gave his support to every movement which he 
 believed would advance the general welfare of the community. His conscientious 
 devotion to duty, his sterling integrity, his high standing in business circles and his 
 generous support of the church, won for him the confidence and respect of all 
 
 In religion, Mr. Eobinson was a member of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal 
 church from its organization up to the time of his death. He was one of the 
 founders and organizers of that congregation, and for more than half a century 
 a vestryman and senior warden. Josiah Emery, in his "EecoUections of Early 
 Life in Wellsboro," written in 1879, says: "John L. Eobinson was the most efiadent 
 citizen in procuring the erection of the first church ever built in Wellsboro, St. 
 Paul's church, now standing. In the building of the church and the building 
 and re-building of the rectory, no man has, I think, paid on the whole as much as 
 Mr. Eobinson." In early manhood he was a Democrat, later became a Whig, and 
 on the formation of the Eepublican party he united with that organization and 
 continued one of its most loyal supporters to the close of his life. He served as 
 treasurer of Tioga county in 1844-45, but he cared little for public office, pre- 
 ferring to devote his energies and talents to the development of his adopted home 
 and thus assist in the social and material prosperity of the county. 
 
 Mr. Eobinson was married in 1832, to Miss Azubai. Bowen, a daughter of 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. ggg 
 
 Hezekiah Bowen, of Hajtwick, ISTew York, to which union were born seven children, 
 four of whom grew to maturity, as follows: J. Fred, who' died April 28, 1885, 
 aged fifty-one years; N. Azubah, widow of Lieut. George Dwight Smith, killed at 
 the battle of South Mountain; Eugene H., who served as cashier of the First 
 National Bank for several years and died September 35, 1876, and Jesse M., president 
 of that institution from January, 1893, up to his death, August 6, 1896. Mrs. 
 Robinson was a zealous Episcopalian from the organization of St. Paul's church, with 
 which she united at that time, and died June 20, 1888. Five years later, on January 
 11, 1893, her husband died, and was borne to the grave in Wellsboro Cemetery, 
 where a substantial granite monument marks their last resting place. 
 
 Jesse Moese Eobinson, late president of the First National Bank of Wells- 
 boro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, was born in that borough May 17, 1853, and died 
 August 6, 1896, having spent his entire life in his native town. He was the youngest 
 son of John L. Eobinson, inherited many of the strongest traits in his father's 
 character, and early developed an aptitude for business affairs not often found in 
 so young a man. Educated in the Wellsboro High School, the Wesleyan Seminary 
 and the Bryant and Stratton Business College, of New York City, he began clerking 
 at the age of fifteen in the general store of C. & J. L. Robinson, and later entered 
 a bookstore controlled by the same firm. In 1872 he became book-keeper in the 
 First National Bank of Wellsboro, and after the death of his brother, Eugene H., 
 in September, 1876, he was promoted to the position of cashier. This office 
 he held until the death of his father in January, 1893, when he was elected 
 president of that institution. During the latter years of his father's life much of 
 the responsibility in the general management of the bank devolved upon him, and 
 upon his accession to the office of president he found very few duties with which 
 he was not already familiar. In general business affairs he kept pace with the 
 times, and conducted the business under his charge with more than ordinary 
 breadth and liberality. While recognized as a careful and conservative investor, 
 he never hesitated to follow his own Judgment when once formed, and his timely 
 assistajQce was appreciated by many a business man of Tioga county weighed down 
 by financial troubles. Under the most trying circumstances he was cool and 
 firm and it was seldom that he failed to untangle the most difficult financial matters. 
 
 Mr. Robinson was married October 15, 1873, to Ella Crowl, of Wellsboro, who 
 died February 2, 1884, leaving two sons, Eugene H., and Frank C. On April 25, 
 1887, he was again united in marriage, with Hattie M. Willis, eldest daughter of 
 Mrs. Caroline D. Willis, of Wellsboro, to which union were born two children, 
 Dorothy and Jesse Morse. The widow and four children reside in Wellsboro. 
 Mr. Robinson was a generous man and gave liberally of his means to charitable ob- 
 jects and business enterprises, besides giving his time and services as a director 
 in many business undertakings. Upon the death of his father he came into the 
 possession of a large estate, but this did not change his character. He was still the 
 same plain, kind, modest and unobtrusive man as before. His daily life was pure, 
 his conversation always chaste, and his inherent charity never permitted him to 
 criticise his neighbor. In his home he was the ever kind, indulgent husband and 
 loving father, while even the domestic pets of the family knew and welcomed him 
 as their friend. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Robinson was a strong Republican, always took a deep interest 
 
670 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in the success of his party, and served as treasurer of Wellsboro for about ten years 
 preceding his death, and also filled the same office in the school board. He was. 
 a stockholder and director in the Wellsboro Water Company and a charter member 
 of Alert Hose Company. He was a prominent member of the Masonic and I. 0. 
 0. F. societies, and a Knight Templar in Tyagaghton Commandery. In religion, 
 he was a life-long adherent of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church of Wellsboro, 
 and one of the largest contributors to its support, as well as to the building fund 
 of the new church edifice now in course of erection. The vestry of St. Paul's 
 church adopted appropriate resolutions on his death, from which we copy the 
 following tribute: 
 
 The death of Mr. Robinson has brought a deep sense of loss to a large circle of 
 friends in Wellsboro and beyond, but especially to the parish to which he belonged and 
 the vestry of which he was the efBcient treasurer. We revere his memory for the interest 
 he took in the welfare of the parish; for the careful attention he gave to the duties that 
 devolved upon him as vestryman and treasurer; for his valuable advice and wise 
 counsel; for the courtesy, cordiality and enthusiasm which he brought to bear upon 
 every cause that he espoused, and for the upright character and unsullied name that he 
 bore through life. We shall hold in grateful remembrance the financial aid which he 
 gave to the parish and his bountiful contribution to the new church. We shall look back 
 upon him as a Christian gentleman, an efficient parish officer, a trusted friend and 
 brother, whose death we shall always mourn and whose memory we shall ever hold in 
 affectionate esteem. 
 
 John W. Bailey was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 November 27, 1834, eldest son of Eoswell and Julia A. (Kockwell) Bailey, pioneers 
 of this county. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm and his primary 
 education was obtained in the common schools of the district. But sixteen years 
 old when his father died, he succeeded him in charge of the old homestead. In 
 later years he purchased about 600 acres of land and engaged in cattle dealing, 
 probably buying and shipping more stock than any other man in the northern 
 tier during that period. In 1870 he removed to Wellsboro, where he soon became 
 one of the prominent and enterprising citizens. He dealt extensively in agricul- 
 tural implements and lumber for twenty years, and always gave the most liberal 
 credits to his patrons. Mr. Bailey was a member of the firm that established "the 
 tannery at Stokesdale, and was an active agent in the building of the Corning, Cow- 
 anesque and Antrim, and the Pine Creek railroads, being a director of the latter 
 company. He was also a director in the United States Grlass Company, and one 
 of the organizers of the First National Bank of Wellsboro, in which institution he 
 was an honored and trusted director until his death. Always ready and willing to 
 take a leading part in every public enterprise which he believed would promote 
 the interests of Wellsboro, and ever on the alert to encourage any project that might 
 add to the general welfare of his native county, Mr. Bailey won the admiration, 
 respect and confidence of the whole people. He was eminently adapted to com- 
 mand the co-operation and support of Ms fellowmen, as he always went into what- 
 ever he undertook with earnestness, enthusiasm and confidence, thus inspiring 
 others with his own sentiments. Possessing imbounded public spirit, whole-souled 
 generosity and broad charity, he never turned a deaf ear to the cry of suffering or 
 distress. A warm, consistent friend of the working classes, he was honored and 
 trusted by them to the close of his life. While accumulating a large estate, he 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. g71 
 
 gave liberally to religion, charity ajid education, and was one of the most generous 
 citizens of AVellsboro throughout his long and active business career. Mr. Bailey 
 wielded a wide influence in tlie local councils of the Democratic pai-ty, and was a 
 stalwart in his fealty to its principles and candidates. He was chairman of the 
 county committee a number of years, represented the county in several state con- 
 ventions, and was a delegate to the national convention at Chicago in 1892. He 
 served in the borough council several' terms, ajid also filled the ofEees of burgess and 
 school director, always taking a deep interest in the gro^^^th of the public school 
 system. 
 
 On Christmas Day, 1843, Mr. Bailey married Margaret L. Lewis, a daughter 
 of Thomas Lewis, of Charleston township. She was born October 17, 1827, and 
 died November 19, 1883, after a happy companionship of nearly forty years. They 
 became the parents of twelve children, ten, of whom grew to an adult age, as 
 follows: Eva A., wife of Dr. M. L. Bacon, of Wellsboro; Edward, deceased; 
 Llewellyn L., of Wellsboro; Ada B., deceased wife of Louis Doumaux; Morton S., 
 a resident of Colorado; Lloyd J., of California; Leon 0., who lives in Indiana; Lee 
 M., deceased; Fred W., a resident of Denver, and Mildred L. On. ISTovember 28, 
 1889, Mr. Bailey maxried Mrs. Julia McClelland, a daughter of Michael Dunlde, of 
 Jersey Shore, who yet survives. He died July 12, 1892, soon after his return from 
 the Democratic National Convention, and was buried with Masonic honors, as he 
 was a member of 0.ssea Lodge, JSTo. 317, F. & A. M. The whole community 
 sincerely mourned the death of one whose place could not be easily filled — a 
 man whose warm, friendly greeting and substantial assistance brought sunshine 
 into many a weary ajid discouraged heart. On the day of his funeral the stores 
 and shops in "Wellsboro were closed and a large delegation of workingmen marched 
 in the funeral procession as a mark of respect to his memory. 
 
 Llewellyn L. Bailey was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, January 
 30, 1849, a son of John W. Bailey, and grandson of Eoswell Bailey. He was educated 
 in the public schools and at Mansfield State Normal; and when seventeen years of 
 age entered a drug store in Blossburg, where he clerked three years. He then came 
 to Wellsboro and worked for his father two years, at the end of which time he 
 established a feed and supply store at Antrim. Two years later he sold out and 
 entered the First National Bank of "Wellsboro as book-keeper, which position he 
 filled from 1873 to 1882. In 1880 he was elected a director and served until July, 
 1896. He was made" assistant cashier in 1882 and acted as such until January 1, 
 1893, when he became cashier, and occupied that position until October, 1894, when 
 he resigned to talce charge of the estate of Philip "Williams. In January, 1897, 
 he was elected vice-president of the "Wellsboro ugh National Bank. Mr. Bailey mar- 
 ried Elizabeth C. Hill, a daughter of Eev. H. F. Hill, of Lindley, New York. Seven 
 children blessed this union, named as follows: Mabel E., deceased; Arthur L., 
 book-keeper for Mathers, Graves & Company; Harry F;, Margaret L., John "W., Edith 
 A. and Catherine E. Mrs. Bailey died June 11, 1888, aad he was again married to 
 Carrie J. Hastings, a daughter of E. H. Hastings, of "Wellsboro. The family are 
 adherents of the Baptist church, and in politics, Mr. Bailey is a Democrat. He 
 has filled the offices of school director and councilman for two terms each, and is 
 one of the enterprising and progressive citizens of his native county. 
 
 Hon. Morton S. Bailey was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, July 
 
g72 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 3, 1855, a son of John W. Bailey, and was reared on the homestead farm. Eemoving 
 to Wellsboro with his parents in 1870, he attended the Wellsboro High School and 
 later followed teaching for a short period. He graduated at Lafayette College, 
 Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1880, and soon after went to Colorado, where he began at 
 once the study of law, and was admitted to practice in August, 1882. He soon 
 developed into political prominence and was elected to the State Senate by the 
 Democratic party in a district at that time largely Kepublican. After serving 
 one session, he was elected in the autiunn of 1891, judge of the Eleventh Judicial 
 district and resigned his seat in the Senate to go upon the bench. Judge Bailey 
 was re-elected in 1894, as the candidate of the Democrats and Populists. 
 The Eleventh district had heretofore been Eepublican, and his election twice in 
 succession was a high tribute to his worth and popularity. Judge Bailey is recog- 
 nized in his State as a lawyer of solid legal attainments and unquestioned integrity, 
 and he has won a high reputation for the impartiality and fairness of his decisions. 
 In the fall of 1896 he was the Democratic nominee for governor of Colorado, but 
 failed of election. 
 
 Leon 0. Bailey was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, June 21, 1857, 
 and was educated in the public schools of Wellsboro and at Cornell University. He 
 later removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he studied law in the of&ce of Baker, 
 Hord & Hendricks, and was admitted to the bar of Marion county at the age of 
 twenty-three. In 1886 he was elected to the State Senate, as a Democrat, and 
 served one term as assistant to the attorney general of Indiana. He was sub- 
 sequently the Democratic nominee for Congress in that district, and also served 
 as city solicitor of Indianapolis, in which city he still resides. 
 
 Julius M. Bailey, second son of Clark W. Bailey, was born in Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, March 30, 1835, was educated in the common schools, and 
 has followed agriculture the greater portion of his life. He also operated for a time 
 a saw and grist-mill in his native township. On February 11, 1856, he married 
 Eunice Benedict, a daughter of Marcus and Lucy (Jennings) Benedict, of Charleston 
 township, to which union have been born five children, viz: Eansom W., Alice E., 
 deceased wife of Garrett Campbell; Flora A., who died in infancy; Lucy B., wife of 
 Frank Eockwell, and Lora V., wife of Peter L. Abrams. In January, 1893, Mr. 
 Bailey and his son, Eansom W., purchased their present business in Wellsboro, and 
 in April, 1894, he removed his family to that borough, where he has since carried 
 on the wagon, farm implement and harness business. 
 
 Eansom W. Bailey, eldest child of Julius M. Bailey, was bom in Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, October 24, 1857, and obtained his education in the 
 public schools and the State ISTormal School of Mansfield. He afterwards taught 
 school for two years, and for the following three years worked on his father's farm, 
 and then purchased a farm in Charleston township, upon which he lived seven 
 years. Forming a partnership with his uncle, Clark B. Bailey, he went to 
 Elkland and engaged in the foundry and agricultural implement business, which 
 he followed three years. On January 1, 1893, he and his father purchased their 
 present business in Wellsboro, where they have since been engaged as dealers in 
 wagons, farm implements, harness, etc. Mr. Bailey was married June 33, 1879, to 
 Lena Partridge, a daughter of Chester and Eachel Partridge, of Charleston town- 
 ship, and has four children, viz: Edith M., Eunice, Julius and Catherine. The 
 
''^.y" 
 
 %! tt"". 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 673 
 
 family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Bailey is connected 
 with the Knights of Honor. 
 
 Ellis M. Bodine was born in Jersey Shore, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, 
 January 3, 1801, a son of Isaac and Catherine (Casper) Bodine. His father came 
 from New Jersey with the Mannings in the last decade of the Eighteenth century, 
 and settled in Jersey Shore, Lycoming coimty, where both he and wife died. Ellis 
 M. was the third in a family of seven children. He grew to manhood in his native 
 town, where he attended the public schools in boyhood, and learned the tanner's trade 
 with Abram Lawshe, of that place. In 1837 he married Margaret Shearer, a daugh- 
 , ter of James Shearer, an early settler of Lycoming county, and in 1838 came to 
 Wellsboro and purchased the Joseph Fish tannery. He conducted this business 
 until 1846, when he erected a larger building, in which he carried on the business 
 up to 1848, when the plant was burned. He then became a fanner, and followed 
 agriculture until five years before his death, when he sold the farm to his son, 
 Abram L., and retired from active labor. Nine children were bom of his marriage 
 with Margaret Shearer, as follows: Sarah E., wife of Dr. H. S. Greeno, of Kansas 
 City, Mo.; Isaac M. and Abram L., residents of "Wellsboro; Ellis B., who died at 
 the age of fifty-six; Ellen A., widow of Eev. M. F. DeWitt; Catherine A., wife of 
 John W. "Wright, of "Washington, D. C; Lewis T., a resident of Chicago; Eobert W., 
 of "Wellsboro, and Margaret A., wife of Charles M. Moore, of "Williamsport. Mrs. 
 Bodine died February 3, 1845, in her thirty-third year, having been born March 3, 
 1813. Mr. Bodine was again married, to Aurilla H. Coolidge, a daughter of Amos 
 Coolidge, who bore him two children: Henry F., of Billings, Montana, and Ida, 
 who died at the age of twenty-five years. Mr. Bodine died in "Wellsboro, August 14, 
 1889, in the eighty-ninth year of his age. His widow resides with Abram L. 
 Bodine, of Wellsboro, and is in her eightieth year. Mr. Bodine was active in the 
 cause of education, and the part he took in organizing the first common schools in 
 the borough will be found related in the chapter on the schools of "Wellsboro. He 
 was also foremost in promoting the interests of his adopted home, and lived long 
 enough to see it become a thrifty and prosperous town. 
 
 Isaac M. Bodine, a son of Ellis M. and Margaret (Shearer) Bodine, was born 
 in "Wellsboro, Tioga county, February 4, 1830, and was educated in the common 
 schools of the borough. From 1848 to 1850 he clerked in the store of C. & J. L. 
 Eobinson, and during the years 1850 and 1851 he traveled through the South. Upon 
 his return to "Wellsboro he accepted the position of superintendent of the mines at 
 Blossburg, where he had charge of the company store and also acted as paymaster for 
 eight years. In 1860 he returned to "Wellsboro and built the saw-mill on Queen 
 street, now operated by S. A. Hiltbold. The same year he also purchased the 
 farm in the northwestern part of the borough upon which he now lives, and during 
 recent years has devoted his attention to farming. Mr. Bodine was married 
 September 9, 1863, to Mary E. Stowell, a daughter of Hezekiah and Anna Stowell, 
 and has two children, viz: Anna, wife of Clarence E. Shumway, of Coming, and 
 Mayne C, and employe of the Fall Brook Coal Company in the same city. Mrs. 
 Bodine died January 26, 1876, aged thirty-five years. In politics, Mr. Bodine was 
 an old line "Whig until the organization of the Eepublican party, with which he 
 has since affiliated. In religion he is an adherent of the Protestant Episcopal church. 
 
 48 
 
674 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 He has served a number of years as deputy sheriff, fifteen years as a Justice of the 
 peace, and has filled various borough offices. 
 
 Abeam L. Bodine was born in Wellsboro, Tioga county, October 9, 1833, and is 
 the second son of Ellis M. and Margaret Bodine. He attended the public schools 
 of his native town, and when twenty-one years of age began clerking in a general 
 store at Blossburg, where he later engaged in merchandising, which he followed 
 about thirteen years. He was also in the hotel biisiness at Blossburg and Morris 
 for a period. In 1883 he purchased the homestead farm from his father, and two 
 years later sold it and bought his present one in Delmar, now occupied by his son, 
 William T., and finally took up his residence in Wellsboro, where he now lives. Mr. 
 Bodine was married February 3, 1855, to Julia A. Tillotson, a daughter of Napoleon 
 B. Tillotson, of Delaware county, New York, bom February 3, 1839. Five children 
 are the fruits of this union, viz: Ada M., William T., Frederick M., Catherine J. and 
 Henry E. Mr. and Mrs. Bodine are members of the Presbyterian church. In poli- 
 tics, he is independent, and is connected with the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 William T. Bodine, eldest son of Abram L. Bodine, was bom in Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, August 15, 1861, and obtained a public school education. He has 
 devoted his entire attention to farming, and has charge of his father's farm in 
 Delmar. On January 4, 1882, he married Ettie G. Wilkins, a daughter of Alva 
 Wilkins, of Morris, and has three children: Alfred W., Josephine M. and Julia C. 
 Mr. Bodine and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry. In politics, he is a Democrat, and one of the enter- 
 prising farmers of Delmar. 
 
 Feed. M. Bodine, D. D. S., was born in Wellsboro, Tioga county, September 
 33, 1867, a son of Abram L. Bodine, and grandson of Ellis M. Bodine. He was 
 educated in the public schools of his native town, and graduated in dentistry from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1892. He opened an office in Wells- 
 boro, in June, 1892, where he has since devoted his attention to the duties of his 
 profession, and has built up a good practice. Dr. Bodine was married on August 
 33, 1893, to Adelaide Shaw, a daughter of Eev. A. C. Shaw, of Wellsboro. He is a 
 member of the Philadelphia Chapter of the dental fraternity. Delta Sigma Delta, and 
 Edwin T. Darby Dental Society of Philadelphia, and both he and wife are members 
 of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Eeastus P: Deane, a native of Petersham, Massachusetts, bom November 26, 
 1809, was a son of Daniel and Jerusha (Houghton) Deane. His father was bom in 
 Petersham, in 1771, a son of Jeremiah Deane, a native of Dedham, Massachusetts, 
 and spent about eighty years of his life on a farm in his native State. He died at 
 the home of his son, Erastus P., in Delmar township, Tioga county, October 10, 
 1866, aged ninety-five years. Erastus P. was reared on a farm, and received an 
 academic education, devoting particular attention to the acquisition of the knowl- 
 edge of surveying, a business he followed throughout his whole life. In a letter 
 written to a friend in 1879, Mr. Deane tells how he came to settle in Tioga county. 
 He says: 
 
 I came to Wellsboro April 25, 1S34, very much broken in health. I left Petersham, 
 Worcester county, Massachusetts, with the design of spending the summer somewhere 
 among the Allegheny hills, and fetched up at Wellsboro. As my health was somewhat 
 
BI06KAPHICAL SKETCHES. 675 
 
 improved, I agreed to take charge of the Academy three months, designing at that time 
 to go south in the early autumn. The three months' engagement having expired, and no 
 teacher having been employed, I agreed to continue the school a month and a half 
 longer. At the expiration of that time — October 13, 1834 — I was so much mended up that 
 I went into the woods with my compass, where 1 have been most of the time since. 
 
 He had received a fine education, which not only qualified him for teaching, 
 but surveying also. He purchased a farm in Delmar, and June 39, 1837, he mar- 
 ried Mary E. McEwen, a native of Philadelphia, eldest daughter of John MeEwen, 
 also of Delmar township. He went to work with a will and cleared a fine farm 
 which he took great pleasure in cultivating, as his tastes ran largely to agriculture. 
 His profession of land surveying led him into all the counties of northern and 
 central Pennsylvania, and he acquired much knowledge regarding the location of 
 surveys. One of his great natural gifts was his wonderfully retentive memory. It 
 was in fact phenomenal, and was of invaluable service to him in his profession. 
 His ability to recall dates and data, and to identify marks and localities in the 
 woods, was remarkable; and then to make it doubly sure, his correctness was found 
 to be so absolutely true, that no doubt was entertained when, his statement was 
 heard. Mr. Deane lived on his farm in Delmar until 1874, when he moved his 
 family into Wellsboro, where he resided until his death, September 22, 1881, which 
 was caused by injuries sustained by falling into a railroad culvert at Coming, N"ew 
 York, while on his way to Williamsport to attend court. His wife died April 30, 
 1879. When he came into the county his health was poor, but constajit exercise in 
 the pure mountain air, and on his farm, made him strong and vigorous. He was 
 inclined to be reticent, and was somewhat retiring in his disposition, but he was pos- 
 sessed of extensive knowledge and his character was above reproach. He was 
 appointed county surveyor in 1836 and served three years in that office. Mr. Deane 
 and wife were the parents of the following named children: C. Augusta, wife of 
 Henry Bacon, of Havanna, South Dakota; Darius L., of Wellsboro; Daniel A., 
 deceased; Cecil A., a civil engineer of Denver, Colorado; Luella I., Caroline A., 
 and Mary E., deceased wife of A. S. Cooper, of Black Eiver Falls, Wisconsin. 
 
 David Stuerock, one of the early and sturdy citizens of Wellsboro, was born 
 in Forfarshire, Scotland, March 7, 1809. He learned the trade of a carpenter and 
 joiner in his native country. When out of his apprenticeship he married Jane 
 Sands, who was born in Scotland, August 25, 1811. She bore him eight children, 
 as follows: A. G., a carpenter and builder of Wellsboro; Eobert W., who enlisted in 
 Company F, Fifth Eeserve, was promoted to captain, and was killed at the battle of 
 Gaines' Mills, June 27, 1862, being then in his twenty-sixth year; Margaret, widow of 
 William Eoberts, of Wellsboro; Jane, a resident of Port Townsend, Washington; 
 Barbara, wife of Darius L. Deane, of Wellsboro; William D., who enlisted February 
 24, 1864, in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, and who died at David's Island Hospital, New York, August 20, 1864; Mary, 
 deceased wife of W. J. Bowers, of Horseheads, New York, and George A., a resident 
 of Port Tovmsend, Washington. In 1833 Mr. Sturrock came to America and in 1834 
 located in Wellsboro. He was recognized as one of the best practical builders of 
 his time, and was respected for his honesty and integrity. Mrs. Sturrock died 
 August 20, 1881, and he survived her until October 31, 1888. 
 
676 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Salmok Shehwood was born in Fairfield county, Connecticut, within the 
 limits of the present city of Bridgeport, where his ancestors had lived continu- 
 ously since 1645. Thomas Sherwood, founder of the family in America, was an 
 Englishman who sailed from Ipswich, England, in 1634, landing at Plymouth the 
 same year, whence he removed to Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1645, where he resided 
 until his death. Salmon was of the sixth generation from Thomas Sherwood. He 
 was a man of fair education, a surveyor, school teacher and farmer, and served in 
 a Virginia regiment, with the rank of lieutenant, under Generals St. Clair and 
 Wayne during the campaigns against the Indian tribes of Ohio. After the cam- 
 paign of 1793, he was employed by the proprietors of the lajids about the Boone 
 settlement in Kentucky as a surveyor. While there he married a Miss Stanley, 
 who was massacred by the Indians. They had one son, Stephen, who escaped. After 
 a residence in Kentucky of some four years, he returned to Connecticut on horse- 
 back, bringing his young son, then three years old, with him. On his way from the 
 Susquehanna valley to the lake country in New York, he passed through Tioga 
 county, over the Williamson road. His son, Stephen, was killed or died in the naval 
 service during the War of 1812. Salmon Sherwood was again married in 1797, to 
 Phoebe Burritt, and by this marriage reared a family of nine sons and two daughters. 
 Farming and surveying were his principal occupations. He served several terms 
 in the legislature and Senate of Connecticut, and was a captain in the War of 1812. 
 The wants of a growing family induced him to seek a new country where land was 
 cheaper, and he removed from Connecticut to Chemung (now Schuyler) county, 
 New York, in 1817, where he bought a large tract of new land. He gave his family 
 such advantages as the schools of the period and neighborhood afforded. His 
 eldest son, Burritt, was a graduate of a medical college and practiced his pro- 
 fession in New York City until his death, in 1854, at which time he was surgeon 
 of the ill-fated steamer, Arctic, which sunk off Cape Eace in the fall of 1854. Dr. 
 Sherwood was detained at home by sickness and died about the same time the 
 vessel was lost. Three of the sons, Charles, Henry and Julius, became lawyers, the 
 last two being well-known residents of Wellsboro, Tioga county, at their death. 
 Charles died at Messina, Sicily, in 1846, where he was then serving as United 
 States Consul. One son, Walter, was educated at West Point Military Academy, 
 and was killed in Florida during the Seminole war. Another son, George, was an 
 engineer and died in New Orleans, from sickness contracted during the Mexican 
 War; while Stanley, Rollin and James were farmers, the first of whom died in 
 Tioga coimty. Salmon Sherwood died in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, ia 
 1853, aged eighty-four years. His wife, Phoebe, died in Schuyler county, New 
 York, at the honae of her daughter, Mrs. Hinman, in 1872, aged ninety-six years. 
 Four of their sons died in the service of the government, and during the Rebellion 
 every one of their surviving sons and grandsons of military age were in the Union 
 army or represented there. Two of their children still survive, viz: James, of 
 Bradford county, aged eighty-six years, and Mrs. Phoebe Hinman, aged ninety 
 years, who lives in Schuyler county. New York. 
 
 William Haehison was one of the pioneer carpenters of Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, coming here a single man in 1833, where he at once found employment 
 on the stone court house, then in course of erection. He was a native of New 
 
BI06HAPHICAL SKETCHES. g77 
 
 Jersey, and soon after his advent in Wellsboro he married Catherine Meek, a 
 daughter of Leonaa:ii and Mary Meek, natives of England, whence the family immi- 
 grated to Pennsylvania. Her father was one of the early tailors and merchants 
 of "Wellsboro, coming here in 1833, where he conducted business for many years. 
 Mrs. Harrison was bom in England, October 10, 1816. She became the mother 
 of seven children, viz: Jefferson, a lawyer, of Wellsboro; Mary, Albert, deceased; 
 Sarah, Leonard, president of the First National Bank of Wellsboro, and William and 
 Catherine, both of whom died in childhood. Mr. Harrison continued the business 
 of carpenter and builder for a number of years, but later purchased a farm in 
 Delmar and lived in that township for quite a long period. Keturning to Wellsboro, 
 he spent his declining years in the family home on Main street, now occupied by his 
 widow, where he died January 18, 1885, aged eighty-four years. Mr. Harrison 
 was a life-long member of the Presbyterian church, to which denomination his- 
 widow belongs. He was a good neighbor and an honest man, and is kindly re- 
 membered by the community among whom the greater portion of his life was 
 passed. 
 
 Leonaed Haeeison, president of the First National Bajik of Wellsboro, was 
 born in that borough, January 10, 1850, a son of William and Catherine Harrison, 
 and has spent his entire life in his native county. He attended the public schools 
 until the age of fifteen, and then began clerking in the postof&ce under Hon. Hugh 
 Young. He subsequently worked with his father at the carpenter business up to 
 1878, and the following six years was clerk in the commissioners' office. In the 
 meantime he had devoted some attention to lumbering, and in 1883 went into the 
 coal business, with which he was connected over ten years. His principal success, 
 however, has been attained in the lumber business, which he has prosecuted with 
 energy and remarkable judgment for several years, being now recognized as one of 
 the most successful lumbermen in Tioga county. As a tribute to his business and 
 financial prominence and integrity, Mr. Harrison was chosen in August, 1896, presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank, to succeed the late Jesse M. Eobinson. On July 
 2, 1882, he married Miss Mary Green, a daughter of Peter and Agnes Green, of 
 Delmar township, to which union have been born three children: Emily, deceased; 
 Kaj;e and George. The family are Presbyterians in religious belief. The handsome 
 new church of that denomination in Wellsboro was erected under the personal super- 
 vision of Mr. Harrison, and owes much to his generous liberality and knowledge of 
 the builder's art. He is a member of the board of trustees, and takes a deep inter- 
 est in the Sabbath-school, as well as in all else pertaining to the church. In politics, 
 he has always been a Eepublican, and has filled the office of school director nine 
 years, also that of burgess, collector and borough clerk. 
 
 EoBEET C. Simpson was bom in the irillage of MofEat, Dumfrieshire, Scotland, 
 September 27, 1823. His father was an Englishman and his mother a native of 
 Scotland. In August, 1834, the family came to the United States and settled at 
 Silver Lake, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, Eobert being then about eleven 
 years old. At the age of fourteen he began clerking in a general store at Montrose, 
 and he subsequently became a teacher in the Montrose Academy. Here he was mar- 
 ried in his twenty-first year, and two years later the young couple came to Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, where Mr. Simpson found employment as a clerk in the office of the 
 
678 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Bingham estate, which position he filled one year. Eeturning to Montrose he 
 engaged in merchandising. Abont 1850 he moved to Towanda, Bradford coimty, 
 and became teller in the bank of LaPort, Mason & Company, and five years later 
 went to Seranton to accept the cashiership in the bank of Mason, Meylert & Com- 
 pany, which he held three years. He then returned to Wellsboro and became chief 
 clerk in the Bingham oifice. When William B. Clymer went to Europe, in 1869, 
 Mr. Simpson had charge of the business, and after the death of Mr. Clymer he suc- 
 ceeded him as agent and attorney of the estate. From that time until his death 
 he discharged the duties of this responsible position with characteristic zeal, unflag- 
 ging industry, sound Judgment and strict integrity, winning not only a well-earned 
 competence, but the confidence and esteem of those for whom he acted. He was 
 a proficient accountant and an accurate and methodical business man. Having a 
 great deal of land business to transact, in the matter of titles and conveyances, he was 
 admitted to the bar of Tioga county, ex gratia, in 1880, a compliment he highly 
 esteemed. He also took a deep interest in the bar association and was one of its 
 most liberal and useful members. Prior to the Eebellion Mr. Simpson was a Demo- 
 crat, but at that time he became a Eepublican. He remained a faithful supporter 
 of the Eepublican part}' the balance of his life, and was chairman of the county com- 
 mittee in 1874. In early manhood he was an Odd Fellow, and in later years became 
 a Mason. He was a member of the committee that revised the constitution of the 
 Grand Lodge, at which period he was one of the leading members of the Masonic 
 order in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 Mr. Simpson's hearty and enduring love of l^ature, animate and inanimate, 
 was one of the dominant traits of his character. He was a sjrmpathetic friend of 
 birds and animals of every kind, and could not brook the least cruelty to even the 
 humbler members of Nature's family. Such a man was naturally a generous friend 
 of poor, suffering humanity, quick to discern and prompt to relieve distress. He 
 gave without ostentation and as secretly as possible, and any reference to his bene- 
 factions was sure to be rebuked. Frank, outspoken, honest and truthful, he could 
 not tolerate any attempt at deception or trickery on the part of others. Mr. Simp- 
 son was a well-informed man, a close observer of men and events, and possessed a 
 sound and cultivated taste for good literature. A discriminating buyer of choice 
 books, he accumulated through the passing years a fine library and was thoroughly 
 familiar with its contents. His old home, standing in a dense grove of pines, has 
 been long regarded as one of the landmarks of AVellsboro. Here he passed to eternal 
 rest, April 15, 1893, leaving a widow and three daughters, his only son having died 
 several years before. 
 
 Col. Alanson E. Niles, a son of Nathan Niles, Jr., was born October 5, 1816, 
 and grew to manhood in this county, where his father settled in 1796. He was 
 among the first to respond to his country's call, and was early in the field as cap- 
 tain of Company E, of the "Bucktails." At Drainsville he was severely wounded 
 by being shot through the lungs. After recovering he hastened back to his 
 regiment. At Gaines Hill he was taken prisoner with Companies D and E, and 
 spent forty-nine days in Libby Prison, when they were exchanged. He was pro- 
 moted to the rank of major, March 1, 1863, and on the fifteenth of May following he 
 was made lieutenant colonel of the regiment. It was while with the "Bucktails" 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 679 
 
 in their charge on Little Eound Top, Gettysburg, that he was wounded in the left 
 thigh. He was afterward transferred to the Veteran Eeserve Corps and pro- 
 moted to the rank of colonel. On the night President Lincoln was assassinated, 
 he was in Ford's Theater and heard the pistol shot. Colonel ISTiles participated 
 in many battles and was recognized as one of the "bravest of the brave." During 
 the Grand Eeview in Washington he was of&cer of the day and had full military 
 charge of the city on that memorable occasion. He was commissioned a captain in the 
 regular army and for three years was stationed at Plattsburg, New York, as com- 
 mandant of the military barracks. In 18G9 he was retired on account of disability, 
 by reason of his wounds, with the rank and pay of a captain, and he took up his 
 residence in Wellsboro, where he died October 8, 1891. 
 
 Gen. Robekt Coeson Cox is one of the oldest, most respected and best known 
 citizens of "Wellsboro. He is a native of Fairfield township, Lycoming county, Pena- 
 sylvania, where he was born November 18, 1833, a son of William and Haimah 
 (Corson) Cox, the former a native of Montour county, of L-ish ancestry, and the 
 latter of Lycoming countj^, of German-Quaker stock. His parents removed to 
 Delmar township, Tioga county, when Eobert C. was about two months old, 
 where they lived some twelve years and then returned to their former home in 
 Lycoming county. In April, 1841, the family again came to this county and settled 
 near the site of Liberty borough. Here the mother died in May, 1843, and the father 
 in February, 1856. Eobert C. was in his eighteenth year when his parents located 
 in Liberty township, and had spent his boyhood assisting them on the farm, attend- 
 ing the common schools during the winter seasons and enduring the trials and 
 hardships of those early days. On April 7, 1846, he married Lydia Ann Wheeland, 
 a daughter of George and Mary K. Wheeland, of Liberty, whose ancestors were 
 pioneers of Loyalsock township, Lycoming county, whence her parents removed to 
 Liberty township, Tioga county, in 1837. Three children blessed this union, as fol- 
 lows: Henry C, cashier of the First National Bank of Wellsboro; Mary E., deceased 
 wife of Jacob K. Eichards, and Carrie M., deceased wife of Alfred P. Dartt. After 
 his marriage Mr. Cox took charge of the homestead farm, on which his father had 
 paid $500, but on account of a defective title our subject was compelled to repurchase 
 the property. Here he lived, clearing the land and tilling the soil, until 1854, when 
 he sold the farm and embarked in merchandising and lumbering at Liberty, which 
 business he followed until entering the army in 1863. In the meantime he had 
 served six years as orderly sergeant of a volunteer cavalry company, and was brigade 
 inspector of militia, with the rank of major, from 1854 up to the first year of the war. 
 On the breaking out of the Eebellion he at once took an active and prominent 
 part in raising troops to defend the flag, some of which were not accepted, Penn- 
 sylvania's quota being full. But in August, 1863, he went to Harrisburg with the 
 drafted men from Tioga county, and on the organization of the One Hundred and 
 Seventy-first Pennsylvania Volunteers he was elected major of the regiment, his 
 commission dating November 18, 1863. This regiment served about one year, prin- 
 cipally on garrison duty in North Carolina, and was mustered out at Harrisburg in 
 August, 1863. In the summer of 1864 General Cox was authorized by Adjutant 
 General Eussell to raise a regiment, and the result of his efforts in that direction was 
 the gallant Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, of which com- 
 mand he was commissioned colonel September 28, 1864. The regiment participated 
 
680 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in the closing scenes of the war, including Hatcher's Eun, Port Steadman, the assault 
 on and capture of Petersburg, and the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. In 
 March, 1865, while in front of Petersburg, the regiment presented General Cox with 
 a horse and complete outfit, valued at $550, as a token of their appreciation of his 
 soldierly qualities and the warm place he had in their affections. Its brave and 
 efficient commander was brevetted brigadier general April 9, 18G5, participated with 
 his regiment in the grand review at Washington, D. C, was mustered out with his 
 command at Alexandria, Virginia, May 31, 1865, and was discharged at Harrisburg 
 on June 5, following. Eeturning to his home at Liberty, General Cox resumed the 
 peaceful pursuits of merchandising and lumbering, and again became a plain Ameri- 
 can citizen. 
 
 In politics. General Cox was originally a Whig, casting his first vote for Henry 
 Clay for president, and has been a consistent Eepublican since the organization of 
 that pari;y. He served as a justice of the peace in Liberty from 1862 to 1867, and 
 was postmaster of that borough from April, 1869, until the autumn of the same 
 year, when he was elected treasurer of Tioga county, which office he filled one term. 
 While still treasurer he was elected prothonotary and clerk of the court, November 
 13, 1872, and was re-elected six successive terms, serving in that office a period of 
 twenty-one consecutive years. He has been a permanent resident of Wellsboro since 
 the fall of 1872, and is widely known in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 General Cox and wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 for nearly half a century, and have lived to celebrate the golden anniversary of their 
 marriage. Few men are more favorably known in this section of the State than this 
 old veteran, whose unsullied integrity and clean military and official record have 
 endeared him to the people of Tioga county. At his last election as prothonotary 
 he received 9,302 votes, or fifty-eight more than the combined vote cast for Pattison 
 and Delamater, and during the closing year of that term he was frequently urged by 
 many leading men in different parts of the county to again be a candidate for the 
 office which he had filled so long and faithfully, but he firmly declined and retired 
 to private life. Here in the happy companionship of his affectionate wife, his faith- 
 ful helpmate through both sunshine and shadow, he is spending the sunset of a suc- 
 cessful and honorable career in the enjoyment of the esteem and confidence of the 
 entire community. 
 
 Hon. Hugh Young, the veteran bank examiner, has had a long and varied pub- 
 lic career as correspondent, editor, legislator, bank examiner and president of the 
 Wellsborough National Bank. He is a native of Killyleagh, County Down, Ireland, 
 born on the 14th of December, 1832, a twin brother of the late Thomas L. Young, ex- 
 governor of Ohio. Their parentage, on both sides of the parental tree, were Scotch- 
 Irish Presbyterians, the Youngs and the Kennedys having emigrated from Ayrshire, 
 Scotland, to Ulster, Ireland, in the Seventeenth century. When the twins were 
 together, even in manhood, it was impossible for a stranger to distinguish them apart, 
 so closely did they resemble each other. 
 
 Hugh immigrated to this country in 1850, ajQd lived with his brother, the late 
 Eobert Kennedy- Young, a prosperous fanner of Potter county, who sent him to the 
 Coudersport Academy. Here we find him as clerk in a store for a year, and for 
 three years afterwards as a law student with the late Hon. John S. Mann, supporting 
 himself by teaching and surveying. Not having much fancy for the practice of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 681 
 
 the law he never asked for admission to the bar, but turned his attention to journal- 
 ism, writing his first letters to the New York Herald in 1855, describing the Nor- 
 wegian colony on Kettle creek, the grand opening celebration at Oleona, and Ole 
 Bull's castle, topics which attracted much attention at that time. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Young went with the congressional investigating committee to 
 Kansas, of which Hon. John Sherman was chairman, as correspondent of the New 
 York Tribune, and was an eye witness of many of the guerrilla fights between the 
 Free State forces under John Brown and Gen. Jim Lane, and the Border Ruffians 
 under Stringfellow, Eichardson and others; and his letters signed "Potter" were 
 quoted by every newspaper and every orator either in denunciation or approval during 
 the heated presidential campaign of that year. 
 
 In April, 1856, George W. Brown, the editor of the Herald of Freedom, at Law- 
 rence, the first Eepublican newspaper published in the territory of Kansas, was 
 arrested for treason, with four others, and confined at Lecompton. At Brown's 
 request Mr. Young took charge of the paper as associate editor and continued its 
 publication until it was destroyed by a mob, May 21, and continued as associate editor 
 for a year after the paper was re-established. His health failing through malaria, 
 Mr. Young returned to his old home in Pennsylvania, and became book-keeper in 
 the" office of the Bingham estate at Coudersport, where he remained until December, 
 1858, when he purchased the Agitator at Wellsboro. During the war for the Union 
 Mr. Young made his newspaper a household necessity in nearly every Tioga county 
 family, by engaging a correspondent in every regiment and in nearly every company 
 in which Tioga county soldiers were enlisted. 
 
 In 1862 he sold the Agitator to its founder, M. H. Cobb, and went into business 
 as a bookseller and insurance agent. In 1876 he was elected to the legislature, but 
 resigned in May, 1877, to accept the office of national bank examiner. He was 
 removed for political reasons in February, 1888, and in the fall of that year he 
 founded the Wellsborough National Bank. In 1889 he was a candidate for comp- 
 troller of the currency, but failed to get the appointment. In November, 1891, he 
 was called into the public service again as special bank examiner, and by unanimous 
 petition of the bankers of Pittsbiirg he was assigned for duty in that city by the 
 comptroller of the currency. 
 
 Mr. Young has always taken a lively interest in the social, moral, industrial, 
 civic, and literary life of the people of the borough in which he has resided for so 
 many years. He has been honored by his fellow citizens in being chosen to many 
 local positions of responsibility and trust. 
 
 In polities Mr. Yoimg has always been a Eepublican, and cast his first vote 
 (1854) for Gov. James Pollock, who appointed him on his military staff as an aid- 
 de-camp with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was a delegate from the territory 
 of Kansas to the first Eepublican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1856, 
 which nominated General Fremont, and he was also a delegate from the Sixteenth 
 Congressional district of Pennsylvania to the Eepublican National Convention at 
 Chicago, in 1888, which nominated Harrison and Eeid. In 1861 he was appointed 
 postmaster at Wellsboro and served five years, and in 1862 he was appointed consul 
 to Santa Cruz, which honor he declined. 
 
 Although slightly lame by reason of an accident in early youth, Mr. Young 
 volunteered as an Emergency Man in 1863, when Lee's forces invaded the State, 
 
682 HISTOET OS TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 and was accepted as a private in Company F, Thirty-fifth Volunteer Militia; was 
 sworn into the United States service; was promoted to the staff as first lieutenant 
 and quartermaster, and served until the regiment was mustered out. 
 
 In 1884, on motion of Hon. M. P. Elliott, Mr. Young was admitted to the bar 
 of Tioga county, ex gratia, on the unanimous petition of the members as a mark 
 of their esteem. Mr. Young was married September 33, 1859, to Lois Ann, second 
 daughter of A. H. Butterworth, of Coudersport, Pennsylvania, and they have three 
 sons, Eobert Kennedy, Hiigh Oai'lisle, and Thomas Lowry. Mrs. Young is a niece 
 of the late Hon. David Wilmot, of Towanda, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Edward G. Schibffelin, superintendent of the Stokesdale tannery, was born 
 in Charleston township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, March 36, 1836, and is a son 
 of Dr. Jacob SchiefEelin, a pioneer settler and lumberman of that township, and later 
 a resident of Tioga borough. He was educated in the public schools and at Alfred 
 Academy, Allegany county. New York, and at the age of twenty began merchan- 
 dising in Tioga, as a member of the firm of Baldwin, Lowell & Company, continuing 
 from December, 1856, to March, 1861. In September, 1861, he raised Company 
 H, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served as its captain until after the 
 battle of South Mountain, when he was promoted to major for meritorious service. 
 He also participated in the battles of James Island, Antietam and Fredericksburg, 
 besides numerous skirmishes. Owing to ill health, he resigned January 10, 1863, 
 and returned home. When Lee invaded Pennsylvania he went out as lieutenant 
 colonel of the Thirty-fifth Eegiraent, Emergency Men, and served six weeks. He 
 was subsequently appointed a deputy provost marshal for Tioga county, which 
 office he filled imtil the close of the war. After his return to Tioga he engaged in 
 the lumber business, btit soon went to New York, where he filled the position of 
 salesman in a wholsesale dry-goods house for three years. In 1871 he became a 
 member of the firm of Bailey, Lowell & Company, his partners being John W. Bailey, 
 F. K. Wright and 0. B. Lowell, founders of the Stokesdale tannery, Mr. Wright 
 and himself being the managers. In 1880 Bailey and Wright sold out to William 
 H. Humphrey, and the firm became Schieflelin & Company. In October, 1883, the 
 AVellsboTO Leather C.ompany (Limited) was organized, with a capital of $300,000, 
 and the plant and grounds became its property. In May, 1893, the control was 
 transferred to the Union Tanning Company, in which Mr. Schieflelin is a stockholder 
 and director. He has filled the position of superintendent since 1891, and is the 
 only one of the original founders now connected with the enterprise. On April 8, 
 1878, Mr. Schieflelin married Barbara Duttenhaffer, of Wellsboro, who died in July 
 of the same year. On June 15, 1381, he married Elizabeth M. Schmitt, of Elmira. 
 To this union was born one son, George Girard, June 3, 1884. The mother died 
 July 15, 1884. He was married to his present wife October 17, 1894. She was a 
 Miss Mary Sommerville, and is the mother of one daughter, Mary S., bom in Octo- 
 ber, 1895. Mr. Schieflelin is a thorough business man and possesses high executive 
 ability. His successful career has been due to close attention to business details 
 and an accurate knowledge of all the minutiae of the enterprise with which his name 
 has been so closely associated for more than a quarter of a century. In politics, he 
 has been a life-long Republican; was a delegate to the Republican National Conven- 
 tion at Chicago in 1884, and is recognized as a man of marked influence in the party 
 councils of this congressional district. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 683 
 
 Heney Jacksok Landeus was born in Blossburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 September 16, 1839, a son of Washington and Lucinda (Granger) Landrus, and 
 was reared in his native town. He attended the public schools of Blossburg in 
 boyhood, and began his business career by assisting his father in supplying prop 
 timber for the mines in the vicinity of his home. At the age of sixteen we find him 
 engaged in clerking and weighing coal at the Morris Run mines, thus assisting his 
 parents in the support of a large family. Here he was married to Mary E. Evans, 
 a daughter of John Evans, of Blossburg, June 16, 1863. Believing that his country 
 needed his services, he enlisted August 30, 1863, in Company G, One Hundred and 
 Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and leaving his young wife went to the front 
 in defense of the flag. On April 3, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of sergeant- 
 major and served with his regiment until May 5, 1864, when he was shot through 
 the right arm at the battle of the "Wilderness and captured by the rebels. For about 
 nine months he suffered all the horrors of imprisonment at Andersonville, and was 
 then exchanged and rejoined his regiment, with which he served until honorably 
 discharged May 31, 1865. Eeturning to Blossburg he resumed the duties of civil 
 life. His executive ability and sound business judgment finally attracted the atten- 
 tion of F. N". Drake, then the leading spirit in the development of the mines at Amot, 
 who in March, 1868, appointed Mr. Landrus book-keeper and paymaster for the Bloss- 
 burg Coal Company at that place, and in 1873 general superintendent, which position 
 he filled until May 1, 1876, when he resigned. In 1879 he was elected on the Ee- 
 publican ticket sheriff of Tioga county, but in 1881 he virtually resigned the ofSce 
 and again assumed the responsibilities of general manager at Arnot. "When the 
 Arnot mines became the property of the Erie Railway Company, Mr. Landrus 
 resigned the superintendency and engaged in the lumber business, as a member of 
 the firm of Drake, Landrus & Drake, with which he was connected up to his. death. 
 He removed from Amot to Antrim in the spring of 1885, and in 1891 took up his 
 residence in "W"ellsboro, where he died October 16, 1896, leaving a widow and nine 
 children to mourn his loss. His children are as follows: Mary, wife of Frank H. 
 Dartt; Flora, wife of "W. L. Beverson; John L., Harry J., George, Nellie, Lou, Bessie 
 and Paul. 
 
 Mr. Landnis was a prominent factor in the development of his native county, 
 and his busy, successful career is a bright example to his fellowmen. A respected 
 and honored citizen, he enjoyed the confidence of the whole community, as exempli- 
 fied by the many positions of trust and responsibility which he so creditably filled 
 at different periods in his life. In January, 1893, he was chosen president of the 
 "Wellsborough National Bank and served in that capacity up to December, 1895, 
 when he resigned. He was quite prominent in the councils of the Republican party 
 and was a delegate from this district to the National Convention at St. Louis, which 
 nominated McKinley and Hobart as the Republican standard bearers. In politics, 
 as well as in business, he was plain, outspoken and fearless, yet charitable and always 
 tolerant of the opinions of others. As a son, he watched over the declining years 
 of his aged parents ■sv'ith the greatest solicitude, and as a husband and father he was 
 kind, loving and generous. His unostentatious charity, genial manner and warm- 
 hearted friendship won him the respect of the community. He was a member of 
 the school board and board of health of "Wellsboro, and secretary of the board of 
 
684 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 trustees of Cottage State Hospital, all of -whieli passed warm resolutions at his death, 
 extolling his high character and clean record as a public oiEcial and private citizen. 
 
 Anton Haedt, general superintendent of the Fall Brook Coal Company, was 
 born in Vienna, Austria, March 37, 1839, a son of Anton and Elizabeth (Jacobi) 
 Hardt. He was educated in his native city; graduated from the I. E. Polytechnic 
 Institute, of Vienna, and the I. E. School of Mines, at Leoben, Styria, and in 1860 
 was appointed by the Austrian government assistant teacher in the latter institution, 
 where he remained two years. He then resigned to accept the more practical position 
 of mining engineer at the coal mines of Prevail, Carinthia. In 1863 he accepted 
 the position of mining engineer and superintendent at the extensive coal mines of 
 Sagor, Camiola. This he resigned in June, 1865, and in September of that year he 
 came to the United States and found employment as a civil engineer on the Philadel- 
 phia and Erie railroad, with headquarters at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, where he 
 remained up to 1867. He then resigned to take charge of the survey of the Wellsboro 
 and Lawrenceville railroad, and on the death of Mr. Brewer he was made mining 
 engineer at Fall Brook, Tioga county, also serving as chief engineer of the Wellsboro 
 and Lawrenceville railroad up to 1873. On January 1, 1873, Mr. Hardt was ap- 
 pointed superintendent of the mines at Fall Brook and Antrim, and in the fall of 
 187.5 he was elected chief engineer of the Syracuse, Geneva and Coming railroad, 
 which was completed under his supervision in November, 1877. In January, 1883, 
 he was elected chief engineer of the Jersey Shore, Pine creek and Buffalo railroad, 
 now the Pine creek railroad, but at his own request he was released from railroad 
 work in March, 1890. Mr. Hardt is a stockholder and director in the Pine Creek Eail- 
 road Company; a director in the Tioga Improvement Company, and a member of the 
 American Institute of Mining Engineers. He has written and published numerous 
 articles on geology and civil engineering in German and American journals, among 
 them in the Scientific American, and the Railroad Gazette. Mr. Hardt was married 
 December 3, 1866, to Miss Alvina Koch, a daughter of Augustus Koch, a well-remem- 
 bered business man of South "Williamsport. Six children blessed this union, viz: 
 Alice "W., deceased; Minnie E.; Edmond A., a clerk in the office of the Fall Brook 
 Coal Company, at Antrim; Charles W., a student at the Pennsylvania State College; 
 Annie B., and Albert F. Mrs. Hardt died September 3, 1890, aged forty-eight 
 years. On May 23, 1894, he married for his second wife, in St. Peter's church, 
 Augusta, Maine, Mrs. Florence Augusta Thurber, daughter of David Turk, of 
 Addison, ITew York. She is the mother of two children, "William H. and Emma 
 Lilian, the former a telegraph operator at "Wellsboro and the latter a musician of 
 promise. Mr. Hardt is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and has been 
 an active worker in the "Wellsboro organization. He has been a member of the 
 school board since 1887; president of the board of education for three years; is sec- 
 retary of the board of health, and also a director in the First ]!Tational Bank of 
 "Wellsboro. Mr. Hardt is one of the prominent and substantial citizens of Tioga 
 county, a gentleman of broad, progressive and liberal ideas, and is held in high 
 esteem by the community in which he has lived for more than a quarter of a century. 
 
 John E. Bowen was born in Owego, Tioga county, N"ew York, December 15, 
 1818, a son of James and Jane (Westfall) Bowen. His father was a native of New 
 England, but was reared in "Warren township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where 
 the family settled before 1800. James Bowen married Jane "Westfall, who became 
 the mother of nine children. He followed the sea for a number of years, but later 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 685 
 
 became a farmer and lumberman, and died in Owego, New York, in August, 1847. 
 His widow died in 1885, aged eighty-nine years. When John E. was five months 
 old his parents removed to Warren township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, his 
 father's former home, and when he was nineteen they returned to Owego, New York. 
 In 1851 he came to Cedar Eun, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, where he embarked 
 in merchandising and lumbering. In 1853 Mr. Bowen located in Wellsboro, but 
 for thirteen years afterward retained his interest in the store at Cedar Eun. After 
 coming to Wellsboro he opened a store on the site of the Wellsborough National 
 Bank, where he carried on business for sixteen years. He then built what is known 
 as the Jacobson block, in which he continued business for a number of years. In 
 1869 he became a member of the lumber firm of Truman & Bowen, proprietors of 
 the old Bodine mill on Queen street, which they operated for about twenty years. 
 For several years past he has lived retired from active business. Mr. Bowen was 
 married October 16, 1849, to Maria Ann Howland, a daughter of Marsena and Eliza- 
 beth (Holt) Howland. She was bom in Sheffield, Massachusetts, December 
 19, 1834. Two children are the fruits of this union, viz: James M., a 
 resident of Wellsboro, and George W., of Eochester, New York. Mrs. Bowen's 
 father died in Berkshire, New York, in 1844, aged fifty years, and her mother at 
 Cedar Eun in 1856, aged sixty. In polities, Mr. Bowen was first a Whig, but became 
 a Eepublican upon the formation of that paa-ty. In 1869 he was appointed assessor 
 of inteimal revenue for the Eighteenth district, which position he held four years. 
 He was then appointed collector of internal reveniie, but not desiring the office he 
 resigned in favor of John Burrows. In 187 6 he was a Blaine delegate to the National 
 Eepublican Convention at Cincinnati. He was elected county treasurer in 1880, 
 and served three years. He filled the offices of deputy sheriff and constable in 
 Tioga county. New York; also assistant burgess, member of council and tax col- 
 lector in Wellsboro. Mr. Bowen was one of the original stockholders of the First 
 National Bank of Wellsboro, and for seventeen years a member of the board of 
 directors. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and for thirty-four years he has been 
 a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 Charles G. Osgood, a son of Hon. John and OUve (Grosvenor) Osgood, was 
 bom in Cincinnatus, Cortland county. New York, March 22, 1820, and is descended 
 from John Osgood, a native of Hampshire, England, who settled in Andover, Massa- 
 chusetts, about 1638. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native 
 State, and there received a common school education. In 1840 he came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and located at Tiadaghton, on Pine creek, where he engaged 
 in lumbering three or four years. In 1845 he removed to Wellsboro, and the follow- 
 ing year purchased the mercantile stock of Henry Graves. For more than forty 
 years he carried on merchandising siiccessfully, finally retiring from active business 
 in 1890, in which year he sold out the stock. Mr. Osgood was married May 23, 1861, 
 to Mary Josephine Todd, a native of North Haven, Connecticut, bom February 6, 
 1833. She is a daughter of Josiah and Elizabeth (Clinton) Todd. Her father was 
 born in North Haven, Connecticut, in 1794, and was descended from Christopher 
 Todd and Grace Middlebrook, who were among the original settlers of New Haven 
 colony in 1638. He was married in 1816 to Elizabeth Clinton, and moved to New- 
 ark Valley, New York, in 1834, where he was interested in the tanning business for 
 some years, later purchased a farm and followed agriculture up to the time of his 
 death. To Charles G. and Mary J. Osgood have been born three children, viz: 
 
ggg HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Harry Winthrop, who is connected with the United Press of&ee, in New York City; 
 Mary* Helen, wife of Dr. C. W. Webb, of Wellsboro, and Charles Grosvenor, a graduate 
 of Yale College. Mr. Osgood united with the Presbyterian church of Wellsboro in 
 1856, and has filled the office of elder in that body since 1857. He has been super- 
 intendent of the Sunday-school for many years, and mainly through his efEorts and 
 financial assistance the Presbyterian Sunday-school library has developed into its 
 present proportions. Mrs. Osgood has taken an active interest in church work, 
 and for twenty-seven years has been organist and chorister of the Presbyterian 
 church. Mr. Osgood is a Eepublican in politics; has been burgess of Wellsboro 
 twice, and is one of the substantial citizens of the county. 
 
 William Eobehts, son of William and Betsey (Pratt) Eoberts, was born at 
 Canton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1836. His father was a son 
 of Nathan Eoberts, and a native of Connecticut, bom in January, 1796. In 1799 
 the family came to Canton, Pennsylvania, where William Eoberts, Sr., grew to man- 
 hood and married Betsey Pratt. To this union were bom sixteen children, eleven 
 of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Mehitabel, wife of David E. Cole; Hannah, 
 wife of Edward McClellan; Julius, deceased; William, who died in Wellsboro; 
 Lyman, deceased; David P., a resident of Emmettsburg, Iowa; Mary Jane, who 
 lives in Canton, Pennsylvania; Mariette, wife of Eraetus Putnam of the same place; 
 Asa, deceased; Viola, wife of Eussell Eoss, of DeSmet, South Dakota, and Valeria, 
 wife of P. M. Baldwin. The parents both died on the homestead farm at Canton, in 
 April, 1865, their deaths occurring within two days of each other. The subject of 
 this sketch obtained a common school education, and spent his youth and young 
 manhood on the home farm in Bradford county. In 1853 he went to California, 
 remaining there two years. In the autumn of 1854 he came to Wellsboro and opened 
 a hardware store in partnership with his brother, David P., the firm being D. P. & 
 W. Eoberts. In 1857 his brother retired from the business, which, with but a slight 
 interruption, was carried on by our subject up to his death, March 23, 1897, being 
 at the time the oldest merchant in Wellsboro. Mr. Eoberts was married October 
 23, 1857, to Margaret Sturroek, a daughter of David and Jane Sturrock. Mnc 
 children have been bom to this union, as follows: William H., deceased; Charles 
 11., May B., wife of Alexander P. Cameron, of Manor, Pennsylvania; Lyman, a com- 
 mercial traveler, who resides in Elmira; Edwin M., Margaret, Minnie Jane, deceased, 
 Sarah, and Jessie, the last deceased. Mr. Eoberts was a Eepublican since 1856, but 
 was not active in polities, though he served in the borough council and as a school 
 director. In religion, he was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was the 
 last charter member of Ossea Lodge, No. 317, E. & A. M., and was also a charter 
 member of Tyoga Chapter, No. 194, E. A. M., and of Tyagaghton Commandery, 
 No. 28, K. T. Mr. Eoberts' long and successful business career was marked by a 
 strict adherence to honorable business methods. He enjoyed the respect and esteem 
 of the community, and during the forty-two years he lived in Wellsboro he was 
 an active supporter of nearly every enterprise calculated to forward the growth and 
 prosperity of the town. 
 
 William H. Egberts, son of William and Margaret (Sturrock) Eoberts, was 
 bom in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, August 30, 1858, and was educated in the borough 
 schools, and graduated from, the Pittsburg Commercial College. After his return 
 to AVellsboro, he assisted his father in the store. He was an expert book-keeper 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 687 
 
 and accountant, and soon obtained recognition as a wide-awake, public-spirited 
 citizen, and a foremost advocate of everything tending to advance the place of his 
 birth. In 1889 he was elected burgess and made a most excellent official, his duties 
 being very arduous, owing to the disastrous June flood of that year. In 1891 he 
 was elected a councilman and was filling that position at the time of his death. 
 He was a prominent Mason, and a member of a number of other secret and civic 
 societies. Mr. Roberts possessed, in a marked degree, those sterling traits of char- 
 acter that command respect and esteem. He was married October 12, 1883, to 
 Dora Coles, a daughter of W. E. Coles, of M''ellsboro. He died October 31, 1893. 
 Two sons, William and Leon, and their mother survive the loss of a kind father 
 and husband. 
 
 M. M. Converse was born in Palmer, Massachusetts, February 15, 1833, and 
 learned the tailor's trade in his native State. He came to Wellsboro in 1843, where 
 he continued to work at his trade. In 1848 he opened a clothing store and ofEered 
 to his patrons the first stock of ready-made clothing brought to Wellsboro. After 
 conducting business alone for some years, he formed a partnership with Mr. Osgood, 
 and the firm of Converse & Osgood continued the business. About 1880 Mr. Con- 
 verse retired, and died June 37, 1895. In 1865 he married Mrs. Juliet Sherwood, 
 oldest daughter of Chester Eobinson, to which union was bom one son, Chester 
 R. His widow died in Pasadena, California, April 34, 1897. 
 
 Chester R. Converse, only child of M. M. and Juliet Converse, was bom in 
 Wellsboro, Tioga county, October 31, 1869. He attended the common schools of 
 the borough and later took a course in Phillips' Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, 
 and in the Elmira Business College. In 1889 he engaged in the hardware business 
 in Wellsboro as a member of the firm of Nichols & Converse, but within a year he pur- 
 chased his partner's interest and continued the business alone for five years. On 
 January 1, 1896, he became a member of the firm of Bailey & Converse, dealers in 
 agricultural implements, etc. Mr. Converse was married June 37, 1893, to Emily 
 Nichols, a daughter of Alfred I. Nichols, of Wellsboro. In politics, he is a Demo- 
 crat, and is recognized as one of the substantial young business men of the borough. 
 
 John Mathers, Sr., a native of Coimty Londonderry, Ireland, immigrated to 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania, about the close of the last century. Early in the 
 present century he came to Tioga county and settled in Broughton Hollow, in the 
 southeastern part of Delniar township, removing some years later to a farm about a 
 mile southwest of Wellsboro. He married Jane McKeever, who bore him the fol- 
 lowing children: Charles, James, William, Robert, John, Jane, who married Gay- 
 lord Judd; Mrs. Daniel Kelsey; Eliza, who married Gates Wilcox; Mary, who mar- 
 ried Benjamin Gitchell, and Rebecca, who married Frank Wetherbee, all of whom 
 are dead. The parents passed the closing years of their lives on the homestead farm 
 near Wellsboro. 
 
 John Mathers, son of John Mathers, Sr., was born in Chester county, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 10, 1799, removed with his parents to Tioga county when about eleven 
 years of age, and grew to manhood in Delraar township. In 1839 he went to Evans- 
 ville, Indiana, and there married Eliza Jane Beecher, a daughter of Hopestill and 
 Abigail (Rathbone) Beecher, pioneer settlers at Beecher's Island, Tioga county. 
 She was born in this county February 13, 1806, and became the mother of eleven 
 
688 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 children, viz: Sarah Jane, wife of Charles Herrington, of Delmar; William T., of 
 Wellsboro; Maiy Clorinda, widow of Dr. Luther W. Johnson, of Bloesburg; Happy- 
 lonia, deceased wife of H. H. Gibson, of New York; Emily B., wife of George Sidli- 
 van, of Cincinnati; Helen E., wife of Lewis Tompkins, of Fishkill, New York; 
 Abigail B., a resident of Wellsboro; John, Jr., a resident of New Orleans, Lou- 
 isiana; Phoebe A., deceased wife of B. F. "W'erline, of Liberty; Charles C. and 
 Marion H., both of whom are dead. Soon after his majnriage Mr. Mathers removed 
 to Shippen township, Tioga county, and settled on Pine creek, above Ansonia. Here 
 for a number of years he operated a saw-mill and a grist-mill and also kept a wayside 
 inn. When the postoffice of Shippen was established he became the first postmaster. 
 In 1849 he was elected sheriff of Tioga coimity, and was elected a second time in 
 1855. After his retirement from office he bought a farm in Charleston township, 
 near Eound Top. Here he made his home until 1876, when he went to New York 
 for medical treatment and resided in that city until his death. May 29, 1879. His 
 wife died August 11, 1887. 
 
 William T. Mathees, oldest son of John and Eliza Jane Mathers, and grandson 
 of John Mathers, Sr., was born in Shippen township, Tioga county, August 8, 1832. 
 He obtained his education in the common schools and at the seminary in Lima, New 
 York. In 1858 he opened a general store in Wellsboro, which he carried on for 
 twenty-five years,, and was one of the leading merchants of the town during this 
 period. For several years past he has been engaged in selling goods as a commercial 
 traveler, though retaining his residence in Wellsboro. On June 7, 1855, Mr. Mathers 
 maixied Mary Rose Merrick, a daughter of Israel Merrick, Jr., and has four children, 
 viz: George Beecher, who lives in Delmar; William John, Horace Maine and 
 Mary Beulah, all residents of Wellsboro. In politics, Mr. Mathers is a Republican, 
 and in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Chaeles Coolidge Mathees, youngest son of John and Eliza Jane Mathers, 
 and grandson of John Mathers, Sr., was born in Shippen township, Tioga county, 
 November 4, 1846, and received a common school education. He began his business 
 career as a bank clerk in Evansville, Indiana, before he was twenty-one years of age. 
 He subsequently returned to Wellsboro and in June, 1870, bought out the mercan- 
 tile business of Laugher Bache. He continued in business by himself until 1878 when 
 E. W. Graves purchased an interest and the firm became C. C. Mathers & Company. 
 In 1885 P. W. Siemens was admitted to the partnership and the firm name was 
 changed to Mathers, Graves & Company. Mr. Ma,thers continued in the successful 
 prosecution of his business until his. death, July 4, 1894. The firm name remains un- 
 changed. On June 19, 1873, he was married to Mary Bryden, a daughter of James 
 and Mary Bryden, of Wellsboro^ to which union was born one son, George R. In 
 politics, Mr. Mathers was a Republican, and though not an active politician he filled 
 the office of burgess and took a commendable interest in public matters. In religion, 
 he was a member of the Presbyterian church, and was also connected with the I. 0. 
 0. P. and the P. & A. M. societies. His successful career was due to his own untiring 
 energy and natural aptitude for business. His judgment and knowledge of men and 
 affairs made him one of the most complete men of his day. His integrity and fairness 
 won the confidence and love of all who knew him. As a citizen he was progressive, 
 
^:^f^t,i^6c^o^c^e^ A^. /fpp^ ^ 
 
BI06HAPHICAL SKETCHES. 689 
 
 public spirited, enterprising and liberal, and his death was a severe loss to the busi- 
 ness interests of the community. 
 
 Fbedeeick W. Gkaves, of the firm of Mathers, Graves & Company, was born 
 in Ithaca, New York, May 5, 1853, and is a son of Eev. Frederick W. and Susan E. 
 (Hayt) Graves. He is a descendant, on his father's side, from Thomas Graves, who 
 came to America from England before 1645, and settled at Hartford, Connecticut. 
 His grandfather. Col. Eufus Graves, and great-gpandfather, Stephen Hayt, were sol- 
 diers in the Eevolutionary War, the former serving in Captain Merximan's company, 
 and also in Capt. John Bacon's company, from Connecticut. His father was bom 
 in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1806, graduated at Amherst College in 1834, and 
 followed the ministry all his life, dying in Canandaigua, New York, in 1864. His 
 mother was a daughter of Dr. John C. Hayt, of Coming, New York, and died in 
 1890. They were the parents of four children, viz: Helen A., wife of Andrew 
 Parker, of Buffalo; Edward P., president of the Corning Manufacturing Company, 
 of Corning; Mary E., also a resident of Corning, and Frederick W. The last men- 
 tioned was ediieated in the Coming public schools and Alfred University. When 
 fifteen years of age he entered the employ of S. T. Hayt, proprietor of a flouring mill 
 at Corning, for whom he worked three years.' In 1873 he engaged with Phelps, 
 Dodge & Company, and in 1874, when they opened their Wellsboro office under the 
 title of the Pennsylvania Joint Land & Lumber Company, he was given employment 
 there, and remained with them up to 1878. He then purchased an interest in the 
 store of C. C. Mathers, and the iirm of C. C. Mathers & Company existed until 1885, 
 when another partner was admitted, and the firm has since been Mathers, Graves & 
 Company, Limited. Mr. Graves was married April 38, 1881, to Nellie, youngest 
 daughter of John N. Bache, of Wellsboro, and has two children, Martha B. and 
 Sarah S. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has been borough auditor six years 
 and school director three years, and is one of the leading merchants of Wellsboro. 
 
 Feedeeick K. Weight was bom in Athens, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 March 11, 1835, a son of Capt. Jason K. and Maria (Ely) Wright, of that place. He 
 was reared in his native county, removed to Tioga county in 1859, and in 1861 formed 
 a partnership with John AV. Bailej', under the firm name of Wright & Bailey, and 
 carried on a general store in Wellsboro for twenty years. In 1873 he became inter- 
 ested with others in establishing the tannery at Stokesdale, with which he was con- 
 nected some years, during which period he was also interested in the lumber business. 
 In 1883 Mr. Wright practically retired from active business, but is still interested 
 in several business enterprises in Wellsboro. Prom 1885 to 1894 he was one of the 
 proprietors of the Wellsboro Gazette. He is a stockholder in the Wellsborough Na- 
 tional Bank, and was vice-president of that institution from January, 1896, up to 
 January, 1897. He is also president of the Wellsboro Water Company and a director 
 in the Wellsboro Building and Loan Association. On February 11, 1863, Mr. Wright 
 married Ellen M. Lowrey, a daughter of Hon. James Lowrey, of which union two 
 daughters survive, Mary L. and Louise. The family are adherents of St. Paul's Pro- 
 testant Episcopal church. Mr. Wright has always been one of the leading Democratic 
 politicians in the county, and in 1893 was his party's candidate for Congress in the 
 Sixteenth Congressional district. Though defeated, he polled the full vote of his 
 party, and drew a considerable vote from the opposition. As a slight recognition 
 44 
 
g90 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of his services, he was appointed postmaster of Wellsboro in 1895, which office he 
 has since filled in a satisfactory manner. Enterprising, progressive and publio- 
 spirited, he has always taken a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of his 
 adopted home. 
 
 William Van Horn was bom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and there learned 
 the blacksmith's trade, later removing to Blooming Grove, liycoming county, where 
 he followed his trade until his death in 1836. He married Susan Thompson, and 
 reared a family of five children, viz: Benjamin T., of Wellsboro; Phineas, deceased; 
 Nancy, wife of John Bliss, of Charleston township, and William B. and Deborah, 
 both deceased. Mrs. Van Horn survived her husband over forty years, and died in 
 1883, aged seventy-five. 
 
 Benjamin T. Van Horn, eldest child of William Van Horn, was born near 
 Williamsport, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1815, and was educated in the common schools 
 and the Wellsboro Academy. When fifteen years of age he entered the cabinet shop 
 of David Caldwell, to learn that trade, and after a five years' apprenticeship opened 
 a shop of his own in Wellsboro. Here he continued for fifteen years manufacturing 
 all work by hand. In 1850 he fitted his factory with machinery, and continued 
 the business until 1873, when he sold it to his son, Rankin L., and son-in-law, 
 N. T. Chandler, who carried on the business up to 1894. Mr. Van Horn married 
 Nancy Bliss, and reared six children, viz: Mary J., wife of N. T. Chandler, of Wells- 
 boro; William D., who was killed while a soldier in the Union aimy; Eankin L., 
 of Wellsboro; Benjamin C, deceased; Helen, wife of James Shaw, of Wellsboro, 
 and Charles, a resident of Moberly, Missouri. Mrs. Van Horn died February 17, 
 1870, and her husband married Mrs. Harriet Stevens. Both he and his wife are 
 members of the Protestant Episcopal church, and he is connected with the Masonic 
 order. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has served on the school board and bor 
 ough council. 
 
 Eankin L. Van Horn, of the firm of E. L. Van Horn & Son, booksellers and 
 stationers, was bom in Wellsboro, Tioga county, November 16, 1843, and is the 
 oldest living son of Benjamin T. and Nancy Van Horn. He was educated in the 
 public schools of his native town and when fifteen years of age began painting furni- 
 tiire in his father's factory, and so continued up to January, 1873, when he and his 
 brother-in-law, N. T. Chandler, purchased the business, which they continued up 
 to 1894. On February 7, 1873, Mr. Van Horn bought the book and stationery 
 store of B. C. & L. R. Van Horn, since carried on by himself and son under the firm 
 name of E. L. Van Horn & Son. On September 19, 186(5, Mr. Van Horn married 
 (Jornelia E. Chubbuck, a daughter of Col. Levi Chubbuck, of Wellsboro. Two chil- 
 dren blessed this union, viz: Sadie, who died at the age of one year, and Lewis E., 
 manager of the book store of B. L. Van Horn & Son. Mr. Van Horn is a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. F.; is a Eepublican, in politics, and has served in the borough council. 
 
 WiLLiAir B. Van Horn, youngest son of William Van Horn, was bom near 
 Williamsport, Lycoming county, in 1822, and learned the cabinet maker's trade in 
 youth. He came to Wellsboro in 1843, followed his trade a few years, and then 
 learned shoemaking, which he continued to work at the remaining years of his life. 
 He married Amanda Green, of Charleston township, to which union were bom three 
 children, viz: Nancy, who died at the age of two years; Jenetta, who died at the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 691 
 
 age of eleven years, and William D., now president of the Wellsborough National 
 Bank. Mr. Van Horn died in April, 1893; his widow resides with her son. 
 
 William D. Van Hokn, president of the Wellsborough National Bank, was 
 born in Charleston township, Tioga county, October 31, 1863, was reared in Wells- 
 boro, and obtained his education in the High School of that town and at Eastman 
 Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York, graduating from the latter institution 
 in December, 1879. He then became book-keeper for Mathers, Graves & Company, 
 Januai-y 1, 1880, and remained with them for three years. He next accepted a 
 position as book-keeper in the First National Bank, of Wellsboro, where he remained 
 up to October, 1888, when he was appointed cashier of the Wellsborough National 
 Bank. He filled that position until January 14, 1896, on which date he was elected 
 president of that institution, one of the leading banks in northern Pennsylvania. 
 Mr. Van Horn was married April 12, 1887, to Miss Carrie E. Allen, a niece of Hon. 
 Henry Sherwood, of Wellsboro. They are the parents of three children: William 
 A., Edith and Howard E. Mr. and Mrs. Van Horn are members of the Presbyterian 
 church, and he is one of the enterprising, progressive, and substantial business men 
 of Wellsboro. 
 
 Noeman T. Chandler, undertaker, was born in Granville, New York, December 
 8, 1833, a son of Charles and Clarinda B. (Averill) Chandler. His father, a son of 
 Daniel Chandler, was born in New York state, June 13, 1794, learned the wagon- 
 maker's trade in boyhood, and followed that business until his death, June 21, 1837. 
 His mother was a daughter of Jesse Averill, of Granville, and had the following chil- 
 dren: Charles M., Minerva and Jjyman A., all of whom are dead; John J., of New- 
 ark, New Jersey; Edgar D., a merchant of Cambridge, New York; Daniel L., Evelyn 
 and Eobert S., all deceased; Norman T., and Frederick I., a merchant of Granville, 
 New York. When eight years old Norman T. went to live with his eldest brother, 
 Charles, at Elba, New York. There he received his early education in the public 
 school and when fifteen years of age engaged in clerking in a general store in Brock- 
 port, New York, where he remained three years. He next clerked in a drug store 
 in Elmira one year, and in September, 1852, came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, and 
 clerked for John E. Jones two years. Going to Eockford, Illinois, he clerked there 
 one year and then returned to Wellsboro, and continued the same occupation for 
 John E. Bowen for two years. The following year he worked in Fredonia, New 
 York, and later was station agent at Oneida, Illinois, for the Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy railroad. Eetuming to New York state, he clerked in Watertown for 
 nine years, in Penn Yan for one year, and then went to Lansing, Michigan, and later 
 to Detroit. In 1870 he returned to Wellsboro, and entered the store of his father- 
 in-law, Benjamin T. Van Horn, for whom he clerked two years. In January, 1872, 
 he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, Eankin L. Van Horn, and they 
 continued in business as manufacturers and dealers in furniture and undertaking 
 until January 1, 1895, when W. D. Van Horn acquired E. L. Van Horn's interest. 
 In March, 1896, when the furniture business was purchased by Fred W. Siemens, 
 Mr. Chandler continued the undertaking business. Mr. Chandler was married 
 August 22, 1862, to Mary J. Van Horn, a daughter of Benjamin T. Van Horn. In 
 politics, he is a Eepubliean, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F., both Lodge and 
 
692 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY 
 
 Encampment, and has been treasurer of the latter for the past twelve years. Mr. 
 Chandler is one of the sound, progressive men of the community. 
 
 CAEt L. Siemens was born in Germany, February 29, 1828; there obtained a 
 college education and graduated from a medical institxition in his native land. He 
 came to the United States in 3853, and located at Leeds, Massachusetts, where he 
 practiced his profession, and was a member of the staff in a hospital for four years. 
 In 1857 he moved to Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, to accept a clerkship 
 in the office of the Bingham estate, which position he filled for twenty-two years, 
 resigning in 1879 to become a book-keeper in the United States Treasury Depart- 
 ment, at Washington, D. C. He filled that position up to 1893, when ill health 
 compelled him to resign. Mr. Siemens married Rachel Hiltbold, in 1855, who bore 
 him a family of five children, viz: Mary J., wife of J. D. Locke, of Wellsboro; George 
 H., who resides in the west; Fred W. and Eobert C, residents of Wellsboro, and 
 Frank L., deceased. Mrs. Siemens died March 29, 1883. Mr. Siemens resided in 
 Wellsboro with his children until his death, April 24,, 1897. 
 
 Feed W. Siemens, a son of Carl L. and Rachel Siemens, was bom in Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, October 29, 1860. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 town, and when seventeen years old began clerking in the store of Harrington & 
 Todd, and latp filled a similar position in the store of Max Bemkopf, in all a period 
 of five years. He then went to Washington, D. C, and clerked for Lansburg & 
 Brother two years, then returned to Wellsboro and spent one year with Mr. Bemkopf. 
 At the end of this time he became the junior member of the firm of Mathers, Graves 
 & Company, of Wellsboro, the partnership dating from March 4, 1885, since which 
 year he has been the firm's buyer of all dry goods handled by them. Mr. Siemens 
 _was married September 6, 1893, to Marion Simpson, a daughter of the late R. C. 
 Simpson, of Wellsboro. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and a K. T. in that order, 
 and has been chairman of the Republican county committee, to which party he has 
 always given his support. 
 
 Adolphus D. Spalding, a son of Howard and Lucy Spalding, was born in 
 Troy, Bradford county, April 37, 1813, his parents being members of pioneer families 
 of that county. His boyhood and youth were spent on the farm, his education being 
 acquired in the common schools. I'or several years during his early manhood he 
 was engaged in mercantile pursuits as a clerk in Smithfield and Troy, and for a time 
 also in farming. From 1851 to 1853, he was a deputy sheriff and resided in Towanda. 
 After returning to Troy, he resumed farming for a few years, until appointed rail- 
 road station agent at Troy. He held this position until 1865, when he was appointed 
 postmaster at Troy, and served through Johnson's administration. In June, 1873, 
 he came to Wellsboro, and, in partnership with L. D. Taylor, purchased the drug 
 business formerly carried on by John Pierce, then deceased. A year later he sold 
 his interest to Mr. Taylor, and with his son, M. G. Spalding, bought out the drug 
 store of Dr. M. L. Bacon, in the Wilcox block. Here they continued until the block 
 just south of the Coles House Avas completed, when they moved into the corner store 
 room, which had been fitted up for their use. In 1884 they sold the business to Mr. 
 Spalding's son, George M., and he lived retired until his death, February 22, 1887. 
 Mr. Spalding was twice married. His first marriage took place November i, 1842, 
 to liaura A. Morse, a daughter of Solomon Morse, of Troy. She bore him one child. 
 
BIOQBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. gQg 
 
 Dallas P., a resident of Titusville, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Spalding died July 25, 1847, 
 and on December 17, 1851, he married Sarah Conklin McDowell, a daughter of 
 Addison and Louise McDowell, of Burlington, Bradford county. To this union 
 there were born three children, viz: Morell G., a resident of Bradford, McKean 
 county; George M., of Wellsboro, and Fannie, who mai-ried E. A. Van Valkenburg, 
 of "Wellsboro, and who died June 29, 1892, leaving one daughter, Florence. Mr. 
 Spalding was a Democrat in politics, but was not active as a politician or office seeker. 
 He was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and as a business man and citizen was highly 
 esteemed for his enterprise, public spirit and sterling Integrity. 
 
 George M. Spalding, son of A. D. and Saxah Spalding, was born in Troy, 
 Pennsylvania, December 12, 1860, and was educated in the public schools of Troy 
 and Wellsboro. In 1875, when but fifteen years of age, he began clerking in his 
 father's drug store in Wellsboro, continuing until 1884, when he purchased the busi- 
 ness, and carried it on with marked success until 1894, when he sold out to E. E. 
 Hyer^of the present firm of Hyer & Howd. For a short time after disposing of his 
 drug business Mr. Spalding was engaged in the furniture business. In December, 
 1894, he embarked in the coal and warehouse business, which has since claimed his 
 attention. Mr. Spalding was married October 13, 1882, to Florence Webb, a daugh- 
 ter of Dr. W. W. Webb, of Wellsboro. They have had two children, viz: Madge, 
 deceased, and Mildred. In politics, Mr. Spalding is a Democrat. He has served 
 as borough auditor; is the present treasurer of the school board, and is also a director 
 in the First National Bank, of Wellsboro. He is an I. 0. 0. F. and a past officer in 
 the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic order. Mr. Spalding is a popu- 
 lar and progressive business man, and takes an active part in every enterprise calcu- 
 lated to promote the best interests of Wellsboro. 
 
 Datid Gaednek, president of the Wellsboro Building and Loan Association, 
 was bom in Windsor, Broome county, New York, July 9, 1807, a son of Nathan and 
 Charlotte (Tompkins) Gardner. He attended school in early boyhood for a brief 
 period, and at ten years of age began to malie his own living, working at anything 
 he could get to do. Later he worked at the carpenter's trade, and in a saw-mill, 
 and finally went on the road as a peddler. He located at Orcutt Creek, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and opened a general store in 1847, which he carried on successfully until 
 1875. In 1848 he was made postmaster at that ppint, but resigned in 1850, and 
 was elected a justice of the peace, which position he filled five years. He was again 
 appointed postmaster in 1861, and served continuously until 1875. From the latter 
 year to 1880, he was a justice of the peace, and at the end of his term he came to 
 Wellsboro, where he embarked in business with his son. In 1883 he obtained a 
 charter for the Wellsboro Building and Loan Association, of which he was the first 
 vice-president, and since 1886 has been president. Mr. Gardner was married Sep- 
 tember 29, 1829, to Florilla White, of Vermont, and has two children, Levi A., of 
 Wellsboro, and Lysander B., of Elmira, New York. Mrs. Gardner died October 11, 
 1880, aged seventy-four years. Mr. Gardner is one of the oldest citizens of Wells- 
 boro, being now in his ninetieth year. 
 
 Levi A. Gabdnee was bom in Unadilla, Otsego county. New York, March 16, 
 1831, eldest child of David Gardner, and grew to manhood in his native State. He 
 came to Tioga county in 1866, and opened a grocery store in Wellsboro, which he 
 
694 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 carried on for seven years, and then engaged in the insurance business, as secretary 
 of the Wellsboro Building and Loan Association, which position he has filled ia a 
 satisfactory manner up to the present. 
 
 Julius C. Wheelee was bom in Chenango county. New York, January 17, 
 1831, a son of Harry and Lucina Wheeler. He received a common school education, 
 and" when sixteen years old came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and engaged ia 
 lumbering on Pine creek. By industry and economy he acciimulated a small capital, 
 and in 1857 located in "Wellsboro and embarked in the grocery and provision busi- 
 ness, making a specialty of wholesaling supplies to lumber camps, railroad construc- 
 tion crews, and others demanding groceries and provisions in large quantities. He 
 also dealt in coal and builders' supplies. After the completion of the railroad to 
 Wellsboro, his office, yards and store house were near the station. Here he carried 
 on his various enterprises until July 27, 1883, when he was run down by a locomotive 
 engine and killed. Mr. Wheeler was married February 5, 1857, to Emily E. Bartle, 
 a daughter of Augustiis and Cynthia Bartle, to which union were born eight chil- 
 dren, as follows: Emily Jeanett, wife of C. A. Willcox, of Delmar; Irene Lucina, 
 wife of Harvey B. Leach, a well-known member of the Tioga county bar; Harry D., 
 of Wellsboro; Hattie, wife of John W. Moyer, a school teacher of Philadelphia; 
 ISTellie, wife of Elmer E. Benjamin, of Delmar; Mary, wife of Arthur M. Keeney, 
 of Keeneyville; Luella, wife of J. George March, a teacher in the Wellsboro High 
 School, and Kate, who died in infancy. Mr. Wheeler was a thorough business mau 
 and scrupulously honorable in all his dealings. In the conduct of his business affairs 
 he was active, enterprising and energetic. As a citizen, he was public-spirited and 
 progressive, and as a man, esteemed and respected for his integrity. In politics, he 
 was a Eepubliean. He filled the office of burgess two years, being elected witJiout 
 opposition or eilort on his part. 
 
 John Jacob Bukgin was bom near Basle, Switzerland, September 18, 1818, 
 from an old and honored family. He grew to manhood in his native country and 
 there married Jacobea Kudin. Of the children bom to this union, the following 
 named grew to maturity: John Jacob, who was killed by the railroad cars in Buffalo, 
 New York, in July, 1893; Maria Louise, wife of Stephen Flick, of Williamspoit, 
 Pennsylvania; Emma, who died in Georgia; Eudolph, Bertha, wife of V. A. Putnam, 
 of Kane, Pennsylvania, and Minnie E., who resides in Wellsboro. Mr. Burgin was 
 a man of wealth and influence in his native land, where he filled an honorable office in 
 the revenue department of the republic. He was also a member of the rifle corps, 
 and like nearly all his countrymen was an expert marksmen. Having lost his prop- 
 erty by indorsing for others, he came to the United States in October, 1867, and lived 
 for a time near Elk Eun, Potter county, whence he removed to Wellsboro and later 
 to Knoxville, Tennessee. In 1872 he returned to Wellsboro and opened a bakery 
 which he conducted until j 890, when he sold out to 0. G. Padgett. He died August 
 31, 1892, aged seventy-four years. His widow, who is now eighty years of age, 
 resides in Wellsboro. Although prominent in public affairs in his native laud, Mr. 
 Burgin, after coming to this country, refrained from active participation in politics, 
 devoting his whole attention to business matters. His youngest daughter, Minnie 
 E., is the proprietor of the "Candy Kitchen" in Wellsboro, which she has successfully 
 carried on for several years. She is a deputy state organizer of the Ladies of the 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 395 
 
 Maccabees, holds the office of sergeant in the Great Hiye of the State, and to her 
 efforts has been largely due the rapid growth of that order in Tioga county. 
 
 Jesse Locke, Se., was bom in Cincinnatus, Cortland county, Kew York, April 
 3, 1804, a son of Jesse Locke, a native of Connecticut, who married Eebecca Merritt 
 and reared a family of nine children. His father died in 1813 and his mother in 
 1848. On May 13, 1834, he married Lura Eexford, a native of Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, born January 23, 1804, to which union were born eleven children, six of whom 
 grew to maturity, viz: Jane, who married "William Thompson; Lovisa L., and Sarah 
 M., widow of Silas X. Billings, both residents of Wellsboro; Fannie M., wife of L. 
 A. Sears; Jesse, a merchant of Wellsboro, and Job D. The last mentioned was a 
 well-known farmer and died at his home in "Wellsboro, February 38, 1889, in the 
 forty-eighth year of his age. He was an industrious, substantial citizen and enjoyed 
 the respect and esteem of his neighbors. In 1843 Mr. Locke and family removed to 
 Tioga county and settled on Pine creek, in Shippen township, where he was exten- 
 sively engaged in lumbering. He owned large tracts of timber lands and operated 
 several saw-mills and a grist-mill on Pine creek; also carried on a general store in 
 "Wellsboro, and was one of the successful business men of that period. He died at 
 his home on Pine creek, July 13, 1849. In the spring of 1851 his widow and family 
 removed to "Wellsboro, where Mrs. Locke died December 3, 1874. She was a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church and an earnest Christian woman. 
 
 Jesse Locke was born in Cortland county, New York, October 31, 1839, and 
 was educated in the "Wellsboro Academy, being but three years old when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. "When twenty-five years of age he embarked in merchandising 
 at Gaines, where he still carries on business. In "December, 1890, he moved to 
 "Wellsboro, and in June, 1896, became a member of the firm of Locke & Kelts, gen- 
 eral grocers and dealers in boots and shoes. Mr. Locke was married on February 
 36, 1865, to Sarah E. "W'atrous, a daughter of James H. "Watrous, of Gaines. During 
 his residence in Gaines township, he served as a school director several years, and 
 was one of the substantial citizens of that locality for a quarter of a centxiry. 
 
 Ezra Benedict Yol'ng was born in Springfield township, Bradford county, 
 Pennsylvania, October 24, 1846, a son of Eussell B- and Jemima (Bailey) Young. 
 His father was bom in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1307, and was a son of Sylvanus 
 and Betsey Young, the fourth in a family of seven children. He came to Springfield 
 township, Bradford county, in 1837, and resided there until his death, in 1887. His 
 mother is still living in that county. They reared a family of ten children, as fol- 
 lows: Elisha, deceased; Sarah, wife of H. A. Brigham; Louisa, wife of J. L. Spencer; 
 "William E., John W". and Asahel B., all farmers of Springfield township, Bradford 
 county; Ezra B., of "Wellsboro; Ealph B., a resident of Springfield town- 
 ship; Augusta E., wife of Colin "Wood, and Darius M., a farmer of Smithfield, 
 Bradford county. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools of his 
 native township, and later Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda, and the 
 State Normal School, at Mansfield, graduating from the latter institution in 1868. 
 He then taught school for three years in Bradford and Juniata counties, at the end 
 of which time he entered the office of Hon. John I. Mitchell, of Wellsboro, as a law 
 student. During his legal studies he also taught school. He was admitted to the 
 Tioga coimty bar April 6, 1874, and to the United States district and circuit courts 
 
ggg HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in June, 1880. Since his admission to practice he has devoted but little attention 
 to it, having been engaged in mercantile business. Mr. Young was married April 
 16, 1874, to Mary A. McElheny, a daughter of Thomas and Adelaide McElheny, 
 of Ithaca, New York, and has two children, Adelaide T. and Sarah L. The family 
 are adherents of the Presbyterian church, and Mr. Young is a member of the Masonic 
 order. In polities, a Eepublican, he has filled the offices of school director and 
 notary public, aiid is one of the substantial business men and enterprising citizens 
 of Wellsboro, where he carries on one of the leading hardware stores in the county. 
 
 George 0. Deeby, of the firm of Derby & Son, boot and shoe merchants, was 
 born in Groton, Massachusetts, June 7, 1832, and is a son of Oliver and Elizabeth 
 (Hadley) Derby, natives of that State. He received a common school and academical 
 education in his native town, and when eighteen years of age went to work in a boot 
 and shoe factory as a cutter of sole leather. In 1856 he came to Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, where he worked as a shoemaker until 1866, in which year he established his 
 present business. In the meantime, on April 22, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, 
 Thirteenth Pennsylvania Eeserve, known as the "Bucktails," and was discharged at 
 Philadelphia, on account of disability, in November, 1862. Eetuming to Wellsboro 
 he worked at his trade until he started in business for himself, some four yeaxs later. 
 Mr. Derby was married in 1856, to Susan P. Wood, a daughter of Harvey Wood, 
 and has three children: George H., Edward H. and Ada M., wife of C. L. Earns- 
 worth, of Bradford. The family axe members of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and Mr. Derby is connected with the I. 0. 0. E. In polities, he is a Eepublican, and 
 has served in the borough council for two years. 
 
 Geoege H. Deeby, of the boot and shoe firm of George 0. Derby & Son, was 
 born in Dudley, Massachusetts, July 6, 1857, and is the oldest child of George 0. 
 and Susan P. Derby. He was educated in the Wellsboro High School, and in 1877, 
 when twenty years of age, he was engaged as pitcher for the Homellsville, New York, 
 baseball team. In the spring of 1873 he again played with the same team for four 
 months, but finished the season with the Syracuse club. In 1879 and 1880 he played 
 with the Washington team of the International League, and in 1881-82 with the 
 Detroit National League club. In the spring of 1883 he became a member of the 
 Buffalo club, but after playing a part of the season his arm gave out and he retired 
 from the profession. He was a very successful pitcher, few, if any, excelling him 
 in that line. On his retirement from the diamond, he entered his father's shoe 
 store, in which he had purchased an interest in 1881, since which time he has been 
 a member of the firm. Mr. Derby was married September 9, 1880, to Ella A. Eobin- 
 son, of Wellsboro, and has two children, Frank H. and Ealph. The family attend 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and the I. 0. 
 0. F. societies. In politics, Mr. Derby is a Eepublican, has been a member of the 
 borough council for the past eight years, and sei-ved as burgess in 1892 and 1893. 
 He is a director in the First National Bank, vice-president of the Wellsboro Building 
 and Loan Association, and at present a memt>er of the Wellsboro school board. 
 
 Noah Hammond was born in Glens Falls, New York, November 7, 1829; mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Williams, and in 18.54 located on a farm in Charleston township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania. They were the parents of five children, named as 
 follows: William A., a merchant of Wellsboro; Mary, wife of F. L. Dunham, of 
 
?(r- Oy^c 
 
 S— CcsJ^^aty 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 697 
 
 Farmington township; Calvin, deceased; Eugene, a merchant of Wellsboro, and 
 Anna E. Mr. Hammond died npon his farm April 7, 1873. His widow lives with 
 their son, Engene. 
 
 William A. Hammond, of the firm of W. A. Hammond & Brother, grocers, 
 was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, November 17, 1854, and is the eldest 
 child of Noah Hammond. He was reared upon the homestead farm, and obtained 
 his education in the public schools and at Allen's Business College, Elmira, New 
 York. He worked as a farm hand a few years, then went to Baxelay, Bradford 
 county, and took a position as delivery clerk in a grocery store, which he filled for 
 two years. In April, 1884, he opened his present store in Wellsboro, and sold an 
 interest in the same to his brother Eugene in 1887, since which time the firm of W. 
 A. Hammond & Brother has carried on the business. On October 13, 1881, Mr, 
 Hammond married Ida H. Preble, a daughter of L. J. Preble, of Charleston town- 
 ship. They are members of the Baptist church, and he is connected with the I. 0. 
 0. F. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and is a member of the present borough 
 council. 
 
 Eugene Hammond, youngest son of Noah Hammond, was born in Charleston 
 township, Tioga coimty,. January 17, 1862, resided on the farm until 1887, and then 
 purchased an interest in his brother's store, since which time he has been the junior 
 member of the firm of W. A. Hammond & Brother, general grocers. He married 
 Miss May B. MeCallum, a daughter of William H. McCallum, of Lawrence town- 
 ship, and has one son, William E. Politically, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 EuDOLPH Pagan, Jeweler, was bom in Switzerland, December 13, 1840, a son of 
 Abraham and Mary (Heuselman) Pagan, natives of that country. He was educated 
 in the common schools of his native land, and there learned the watchmaker's trade, 
 which he followed in Switzerland up to 1867. In that year he came to New York 
 City, where he worked at his trade a yeai- and a half, and subsequently spent ten 
 years and a half in Elmira, New York. lii 1879 he located in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, worked a year and a half at his trade, and then opened a store 
 with a full line of Jewelry, watches, clocks and silverware, which business he has 
 since carried on successfully. Mr. Pagan was married in Switzerland, December 30, 
 1866, to Emma Kocher, a daughter of Stephen Kocher, to which union have been 
 born five children, three of whom survive, viz: Arthur F., a painter; Edward F., a 
 clerk in a drug store, and Frank. The family are connected with the Presbyterian 
 church, and Mr. Pagan is a member of the Masonic order. In politics, he is in sym- 
 pathy with the principles of the Eepublican party. 
 
 William Cltmeh Kbess was bom in Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 in December, 1846, a son of George C. and Eliza Kress. His father was a clerk in 
 the Bingham land office at Wellsboro for many years, and died June 30, 1860. His 
 mother died October 12, 1863. William w?is reared to manhood in his native town 
 and obtained his education in the public schools. He married Mary Adeline Baehe, 
 youngest daughter of the venerable William Bache, to which union were bom five 
 children, three of whom are living, as follows: Anna Mabel, George Willipa Bache, 
 and Maud Ethel. Mr. Kress spent his entire life in Wellsboro, and was one of its' 
 well-known, active business men. He was engaged in the drug business and later 
 carried on a foundry and machine shop for several years. When the water works 
 
698 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 plant was built, Mr. Kress was employed in its construction, and filled the position 
 of superintendent of the works until the time of his death. He planned and super- 
 vised the erection of the Baehe Auditorium, comer of Pearl street and East avenue, 
 WellshoTo, completed in the autumn of 1894 at a cost of $16,000, the principal por- 
 tion of which was contributed by his father-in-law. Soon after the completion of 
 this substantial and commodious structure, Mr. Kress began to fail in health, and 
 died June 36, 1895, from cancer of the stomach. He was one of the progressive and 
 enterprising citizens of the borough, and his death was regretted by a large circle 
 of friends. 
 
 John Haeman was one of the first settlers of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 whither he came from Adams county. He was a miller, and built one of the first 
 grist-mills in the county, near the village of Liberty, which he operated up to his 
 death, in 1824. Mr. Harman was twice married, and reared a family of eleven chil- 
 dren. By the first marriage there were Katie, Susan, Betsey, Thoraas, Isaac, John, 
 William and Henry; and by the second marriage, Andrew, Daniel and Benjamin. 
 
 IsA-4C Haeman was bom in Adams county, Pennsylvania, in 1790, and came 
 to Tioga coimty with his father, where he worked in the mill built by the latter until 
 1834. The remainder of his life was passed on a farm in Liberty township. He 
 married Nancy Hagenbush, bom in 1800, in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, who 
 became the mother of six children, viz: Joseph H., of "Wellsboro; Harriet, deceased; 
 Matilda, deceased wife of David Landis; Sarah, wife of John Whitaker, of Kansas; 
 Philemon, a miller of Dundee, New York, and Lorinda, wife of John Wiltsey, of 
 Kansas. Mr. Harman died in 1864, and his wife in 1878. 
 
 Joseph H. Haeman, treasurer and architect of the Wellsboro Manufacturing 
 and Building Company, was born in Liberty township, Tioga county, June 18, 1839, 
 and was educated in the public schools. When eighteen years of age he went to 
 learn the carpenter's trade in Covington, and followed that business until 1871, in 
 which year he moved to Wellsboro, and continued working at his trade up to 1878. 
 He then became a member of the firm of Harman, Borden & Company, which was 
 finally merged into the Wellsboro Manufacturing and Building Company. Mr. Har- 
 man married Lucy Gaylord, a daughter of Elijah Gaylord, of Covington, Tioga 
 county. May 4, 1854, to which union have been born three children, viz: Hattie 
 L., wife of Irwin Keefer, of Wellsboro; Beverly W., who died at the age of seventeen, 
 and Edith, wife of Eaymond Houghton, of Wellsboro. The family are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically, Mr. Harman is a Prohibitionist, and 
 is also a member of the I. 0. 0. E. 
 
 HoBEET J. BoEDEN, Superintendent and one of the managers of the Wellsboro 
 Manufacturing and Building Company, Limited, was bom in Delhi, Delaware county, 
 New York, March 2, 1844, a son of William and Elizabeth (Weismore) Borden. Hia 
 father, a machinist by occupation, came to Tioga cotmty in 1853, and located at 
 Niles Valley, where he followed lumbering for some years, afterwards devoting his 
 attention to farming. He died in January, 1863, and his wife in October, 1883. 
 Eobert J. was educated in the piiblic schools of his native county, and in those of 
 Tioga county. On October 19, 1861, when in his eighteenth year, he enlisted in 
 Company L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalr3^ He served in the battle of Slater 
 Mountain, acted as orderly for General Pope at Second Bull Eun, and was sent on 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 699 
 
 detached duty just prior to the battle of Fredericksburg. He was honorably dis- 
 charged November 21, 1864, and was then appointed a mounted messenger to the 
 paymaster general, in which capacity he served until 1870. Eetuming to Tioga 
 county, he was engaged in farming and lumbering in Charleston township up to 
 1880, when he bought an interest in the industry of which he is now superintendent. 
 The plant was established in 1878, by Joseph H. Harman and Isaac P. Borden, was 
 operated by Harman, Borden & Company up to May 1, 1893, and was then merged 
 into a stock company, under the title of the "Wellsboro Manufacturing and Building 
 Company, Limited. They manufacture all kinds of builders' supplies, buying most 
 of their lumber on the stump, and do a large contracting and buildiag business, 
 employing twenty-five hands. Mr. Borden was married July 15, 1864, to Miss 
 Tannie B. Monshower, of Carroll county, Maryland, who has borne him six children, 
 viz: William, who died in infancy; Minnie M., wife of ¥. H. Smith, of Wellsboro; 
 Lolo E., wife of L. E. Van Horn, of the same place; William E., Catharine and Eloise. 
 The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Borden is con- 
 nected with the I. 0. 0. P. In politics, a Eepublican, he has served as school director, 
 councilman and burgess of Wellsboro. 
 
 Alfred I. Nichols, of the firm of A. I. Nichols & Son, millers, was bom in 
 Addison, Steuben county. New York, February 16, 1837, a son of Alfred and Mary 
 (Drew) Nichols, natives of Ehode Island and Maine, respectively. He was edu- 
 cated in the common schools of his native town, and when twenty-one years of age 
 began farming at Tuscarora, Steuben county, and followed that business until 1885, 
 when he came to Wellsboro and opened a hardware store on Main street. He car- 
 ried on this business four yeajs, then sold out and purchased the mill property, which 
 he has since owned and operated. Mr. Nichols married Sarah E. Bache, a daughter 
 of the venerable William Bache, of Wellsboro, to which union have been bom six 
 children, viz: Anna B., Emily D., wife of C. E. Converse; William B., a member of the 
 firm; Enos A., Maud and Blanche. Mr. Nichols and wife attend the Protestant 
 Episcopal church. Their son William, now known as William Bache, Jr., was bom 
 in Tuscarora, Steuben county. New York, June 19, 1873, and was educated in the 
 common schools of his native town and the Wellsboro High School. The firm car- 
 ries on a wholesale and retail business, and ship their flour to all parts of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 CoL. Justus Daett, a soldier of the Eevolution, and after that a colonel in the 
 Vermont militia, settled in what is now known as Dartt settlement, in Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1811. He was one of the county 
 commissioners in 1815, and in 1817 was appointed one of the trustees of the Wells- 
 boro Academy. When he came to the county he purchased 160 acres of land, built 
 his cabin in the midst of the primitive forest, and settled down to make for himself 
 and family a home. He followed lumbering and farming up to his death, July 5, 
 1838, aged eighty-one years. His wife, Hannah, departed this life January 14, 1844, 
 at the ripe age of eighty-six. They were the founders of the Dartt family of Tioga 
 county, and have numerous descendants in this section of the State. 
 
 Cteus Daett, a son of Col. Justus and Hannah Dartt, was bom in Castleton, 
 Vermont, October 35, 1800, and was about eleven years old when his parents settled 
 in Charleston township, Tioga county. He followed farming all his life, residing 
 
700 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 on the farm settled by his father. In 1830 he married Lydia Kelley, who bore him 
 a family of eight children, viz: Horace, Solon S., Hiram W., Charles N., Lydia, 
 Irena M., Fidelia H. and Amelia E. His wife dying, he was again married in 1837, 
 to Matilda Sweet, to which union were born three children: Albert, Elenora and 
 HajQnah. Mr. Dartt died in 1883 in Wellsboro, having spent his entire life in this 
 ■ county and principally upon the old homestead in Charleston township. 
 
 HiEAM W. Daett, third son of Cyrus and Lydia (Kelley) Dartt, was born on 
 the homestead farm in the Dartt settlement, October 17, 1835, and attended the dis- 
 trict schools of his neighborhood. When eighteen years of age he began working 
 at the carpenter's trade, but two years later engaged with S. B. Kendall, of WellsboTo, 
 to learn wagon making. Six months afterwards he purchased an interest in the 
 business, and has followed the trade up to the present time. In 1888 he sold the 
 manufacturing plant and business to his son, A. P. Dartt. In 1854 Mr. Daxtt mar- 
 ried Adeline Potter, who has borne him seven children, viz: Edgar S., Franklin H., 
 assistant superintendent of the Blossburg Coal Company, at Arnot; Effie, wife of 
 Mark L. Smith, of Scranton; Albert P., Robert E., Arthur H. and Addie. The 
 family are members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, adherents of the 
 Eepublican party. 
 
 Edgah S. Daett, eldest son of Hiram "W. Dartt, was born in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, December 19, 1855; received a common school education, and later worked for 
 ten years in the paint shop of E. L. Mack. In 1888, in partnership with Wisehart 
 & Keefer, he bought the present plant. It was burned, then rebuilt, and leased 
 by himself and brother, Albert P. Mr. Dartt was married November 18, 1896, to Mrs. 
 Lovina L. Longwell, a daughter of James Hall, of Charleston township. In politics, 
 Mr. Dartt is a Eepublican; was tax collector of the borough from 1888 to 1890, and 
 filled the office of constable from 1888 to 1893. He is a member of the Presbyterian 
 church. 
 
 Albeet p. Daett, son of Hiram W. Dartt, was born in Wellsboro, Tioga county, 
 December 11, 1861, attended the public schools of his native town, and when sixteen 
 years of age entered his father's shop to learn the wagon-making trade. In 1888 he 
 and his brother, Edgar S., purchased the business from their father, and have since 
 conducted it, manufacturing all kinds of wagons and sleighs, and giving employment 
 to twelve men. They also carry on in connection with the factory a retail harness 
 store. Mr. Dartt was married October 13, 1887, to Carrie M., daughter of Gen. 
 Eobert C. Cox, and has one child, Mildred M. Mrs. Dartt died February 34, 1891. 
 He was married a second time March 30, 1895, to Sarah M. Williams, a daughter of 
 Orrin E. Williams. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, also of the I. 0. 0. 
 F., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Aethue H. Daett, youngest son of Hiram W. Dartt, was born in Wellsboro, 
 October 19, 1868; was educated in the High School, and when sixteen years of age 
 began working in the blacksmith shop in his father's factory. After learning the 
 trade, he engaged with his brothers, A. P. & E. S. Dartt, for whom he worked three 
 years, and then went to Buffalo, 'Sew York, where he followed his trade until 
 Jamiary 1, 1894, when he again entered the employ of his brothers, as assistant 
 manager, which position he now fills. He was married August 33, 1894, to Miss 
 Kate Van Valkenburg, daughter of Henry and Hattie (Wilson) Van Valkenburg, of 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 7Q][ 
 
 Wellsboro. He is a member of Tyoga Lodge, No. 230, and Wellsboro Encamp- 
 ment, No. 78, I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 John Gisin, tanner and dealer in hides and pelts, was bom in Switzerland, 
 November 18, 1840, and is a son of Sebastian and Anna (Prack) Gisin. He was 
 reared in his native land, and in 1865 immigrated to the United States. After a few 
 months of travel through the country, he located in Nelson, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and in June, 1866, commenced learning the tanner's trade with C. F. Mar- 
 graff, of that borough. He worked for that gentleman nine years, and then removed 
 to Patterson, New Jersey, where he purchased a fancy goods and millinery store, 
 which he conducted five years. Coming to Wellsboro in 1881, he purchased the 
 tannery of Joseph EiberoUe, which he carried on until October, 1886, when the 
 plant was burned. He immediately rebuilt on a larger scale, and now operates the 
 only tannery in the borough. Mr. Gisin was married October 33, 1869, to Louisa A. 
 Margraff, a daughter of Fred Margraff, who has borne him four children, viz: 
 Anna, a teacher in the public schools; Nellie, who died at the age of three years; 
 Mabel, and Mattie. The family attend the Protestant Episcopal church. In politics, 
 Mr. Gisin is a Kepublican, and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 EoBEBT H. Fleming came from Michigan to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1865, bringing his family with him. They located at Tioga, where he worked at 
 shoemaking for two years, then moved to Stony Fork, and four years later to Com- 
 ing, New York; thence to Antrim, and finally to Hoytville, Tioga county. His vidfe, 
 Catherine (Greek) Fleming, was the mother of nine children, five of whom are 
 living, viz: Adelia A., wife of Zealous Austin, of Morris Eun; Lester M., of Wells- 
 boro; Martha, wife of H. L. Spencer, of Delmar; Addie, wife of Louis Bulss, of 
 Blossburg, and Jennie, of the same borough. Mr. Fleming died in Hoytville, Au- 
 gust 27, 1889. His widow resides with her daughter in Blossburg. 
 
 Lestee M. Fleming, of the firm of Spencer & Fleming, proprietors of the Key- 
 stone Flouring Mills, was born in Dundee, Monroe county, Michigan, September 
 19, 1859, and is the only living son of Eobert H. and Catherine Fleming. He was 
 six years old when the family came to Tioga county, and he was here educated in 
 the common schools. When sixteen years of age he entered the employ of Alenson 
 Spencer, his present partner, and after seven'teen years of faithful service, he bought 
 an interest in the mill, September 7, 1891, and is now a member of the firm. Mr. 
 Fleming was married April 27, 1876, to Susie M. Spencer, a daughter of Alenson 
 Spencer, and has two children, Edward Monroe and Alenson Eobert. Mr. Fleming 
 is a member of the P. of H. and has been connected with the choir of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church of Wellsboro for the past eight years. 
 
 Lucius Truman, a native of Owego, New York, followed lumbering on Pine 
 creek for twenty-five years, and later carried on the same business in Wellsboro. Ho 
 served in the Eebellion as first lieutenant of Company E, and later as quartermaster 
 of the famous "Buektail" regiment. He married Mary P. Leach, of Owego, New 
 York, who bore him the following children: Albert A., Hattie, wife of J. W. Van 
 Valkenberg, and Louis F., all residents of Wellsboro; Elizabeth, deceased wife of 
 W. P. Bigoney; Irving L., a resident of Trout Eun, Lycoming county; Lilla, and 
 Herman L., both deceased. Mrs. Truman died in Owego in 1863, aged forty-six 
 years. He again married, Mary Doumaux, who bore him three children: Belle, 
 
YQ2 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Edgar, deceased, and Nellie. Mr. Truman died in Wellsboro, in May, 1890, aged 
 seventy-two years. His widow resides in that borough. 
 
 Albeet a. Teuman, agent of the American Express Company at Wellsboro, 
 was bom in Owego, New York, October 6, 1841, and is the eldest child o.f Lucius 
 and Mary P. (Leach) Truman. He was educated in the common schools, and on 
 April 25, 1861, he enlisted in the United States navy, served two months on the 
 receiving ship, Princeton, and was then assigned to duty as landsman on the St. 
 Lawrence, a frigate of fifty guns, upon which he spent two years. He was then 
 made yoeman of the bark Pursuit, was later transferred to the steamer Union, and 
 was discharged in June, 1863. Eetuming to Owego he clerked in a dry goods store 
 for a few months, later followed the same business at Corning one year, and then 
 came to Wellsboro, where he purchased an interest in the store of 0. BuUard, which 
 he disposed of a year later and then clerked for Converse & Osgood one year; for J. 
 E. Bowen two years, and Laugher Bache one year. He next embarked in the 
 grocery business, but sold out at the end of a year and engaged in draying, which he 
 followed five years. He then went to the Black Hills, where he worked in the gold 
 mines nineteen months. Returning to Wellsboro, he clerked for E. B. Young one 
 year, and then accepted the position as station agent of the Fall Brook railroad at 
 Middlebury. Six months later he went to Corning as agent for the American Ex- 
 press Company, and at the end of a year was appointed messenger for the same com- 
 pany on the Fall Brook railroad. In April, 1883, he was transferred to Wellsboro, 
 where he has since been the agent of that company. Mr. Truman was married 
 November 25, 1868, to Amia Stowell Bache, a daughter of John N. Bache, of Wells- 
 boro, who has borne him three children, viz: Lilla, who died in infancy; Minnie B., 
 a teacher in the Wellsboro High School, and John Norris Bache, book-keeper for 
 the Wellsborough National Bank. The family are members of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal church, in which body Mr. Truman is a vestryman and secretary of the vestry 
 for the past three years. Mr. Truman is a member of Ossea Lodge, No. 317, F. & A. 
 M.; Tyoga Chapter, No. 194, E. A. M., of which he is now the Scribe, and Tya- 
 gaghton Commandery, No. 28, K. T. He is also a member of George Cook Post, No. 
 315, G. A. E., in which he has filled the offices of commander and adjutant. 
 
 William O'Connoe was bom in Carlton county, New Brunswick, February 
 14, 1853. His father, Charles O'Connor, was a native of Ireland and immigrated 
 to New Brunswick in early manhood, where he married Lovina Birmingham, who 
 bore him nine children, five of whom are living, viz: John, a resident of Stokesdale; 
 James and William, of Wellsboro; Elizabeth, wife of John Groom, of EoUing Dam, 
 New Brunswick, and Matilda, wife of Zebulon Oilman, of Aroostook county, Maine. 
 The father died in 1858, and his widow married Samuel Darkis, since deceased. 
 She now resides in Aroostook county, Maine. William received a common school 
 education, and begain in life for himself when sixteen years of age. Coming to 
 Wellsboro, he accepted such employment as offered, later began lumbering, and 
 then engaged in general contracting. By constant industry and strict attention 
 to business, he enlarged his enterprises and widened the field of his operations until 
 he is now interested as a partner in the company stores at Amot and Landrus, and 
 a stockholder in the bank at Galeton, Potter county. He also owns a valuable farm 
 in Morris township, and is engaged in lumbering operations at Nelson Eun, Potter 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 703 
 
 county. Mr. O'Connor was married May 13, 1873, to Martha Webstei', a daughter 
 of J. E. Webster, of Morris township, and has three children, viz: Lura, Ada and 
 Edna. In 1876 he became a resident of Morris, and lived there until the spring of 
 1896, when he removed to Wellsboro, purchasing the residence of the late Dr. Hugh 
 L. Davis. In polities, Mr. O'Connor is a stanch Democrat, but has never been an 
 office seeker, his business affairs receiving all his time and attention. It can be said 
 to his credit, that from a penniless boy, he has, since coming to Tioga county, by his 
 own efforts and energy, raised himself to a prominent place among the successful bus- 
 iness men of this section of the State, and that his career has been marked by a strict 
 adherence to honorable business methods. He enjoys the confidence of his business 
 associates and the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens generally. 
 
 Eev. M. J. Manly, pas.tor of St. Peter's Catholic church of Wellsboro, was born 
 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1861, a son of Michael J. and Mary H. 
 (Judge) Manly. His parents were natives of Ireland, his father being bom and 
 reared in County Mayo and his mother in County Limerick. They were married in 
 their native land and came to Wilkes-Barre in 1854, where Mr. Manly became a 
 railroad contractor. He died in 1868, and his wife in 1873. They were the parents 
 of the following named children: Catherine and Maria Josephine, of Wilkes-Barre; 
 Julia, who died June 27, 1883, being then Sister Mary of St. Peter, in the Convent 
 of the Good Shepherd, Philadelphia; Maggie, who died in February, 1883; M. J. 
 and Anthony. The subject of this sketch attended the public schools of Wilkes- 
 Barre in boyhood, and later spent a year and a half as a student in the Protestant 
 Seminary of Kiingston, Luzerne county. He then entered St. Bonaventure's College, 
 Allegany, New York, where took a course in classics and philosophy, graduating 
 with the degree of B. A. He next entered St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland, 
 where he completed, his theological course, and was ordained in that city October 8, 
 1883, by Cardinal Gibbons and Bishop Northrup. He soon after took charge of 
 a church at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, but within a year was appointed pastor of St. 
 Catherine's church, Moscow, having charge also of the churches at Tobyhanna, 
 Stroudsburg and Gouldsboro, which pastorate he filled seven years. On November 
 17, 1890, he took charge of St. Peter's church at Wellsboro. He has also imder 
 his care the mission churches at Tioga, Antrim and Hoytville, and seventeen ad- 
 ditional missions without churches within the confines of Tioga county. Father 
 Manly is a popular priest, a very eloquent speaker, and one of the hardest-working 
 priests in the Diocese of Seranton. 
 
 Elmee Bacon, a native of Vermont, came to Charleston township, Tioga county, 
 early in the present century and settled near Round Top, where he followed farming 
 and lumbering. He married Mary Merrick, a daughter of Israel Merrick, Sr., one of 
 the pioneers of Wellsboro. Eleven children were bom to this union, as follows: 
 George, a resident of Nebraska; Elmer, deceased; Mary, deceased wife of W. P. 
 Shumway; Henry, a resident of Dakota; Rebecca, widow of John A. McEwen, of 
 Williamsport; Niram, a resident of Wisconsin; Levi L., who enlisted in the New 
 York Southern Tier Rifles during the Rebellion and died at Georgetown, D. C; 
 Morgan L., a physician of Wellsboro; Sarah, wife of E. E. Wilson, of the same place, 
 and David, deceased. Mr. Bacon died in Charleston township in April, 1847, and 
 his wife in 1873. 
 
704 piSTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 MoEGAK L. Bacon, M. D., was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, 
 June 19, 1837, a son of Elmer and Mary Bacon. After attending the common 
 schools he became a student in the Wellsboro Academy and later in Union Academy, 
 at Academy Comers, graduating from the latter institution in 1857. After teaching 
 for a short time he began the study of medicine under Dr. Nelson Packer, of Wells- 
 boro, which he pursued until 1861, when he enlisted as a hospital steward in the 
 Forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, the famous Bucktail regiment, and served 
 four months. In July, 1863, he raised Company E, of the Thirty-fifth regiment, 
 Emergency Men, of which he was commissioned captain, and was discharged with 
 the regiment. Dr. Bacon then began the practice of his profession in Mansfield, re- 
 maining there five years. In 1868 he moved to Blossburg, where he practiced until 
 1870, and then became the physician of the Morris Eun Coal Mining Company at 
 Morris Eun, where he practiced two years. In 1872 he located in Wellsboro, and 
 for the past twenty-five years has continued in the active duties of his profession, 
 being to-day one of the oldest practitioners in the borough. On November 30, 
 1863, Dr. Bacon married Eva Bailey^ a daughter of John W. Bailey, and has three 
 children, viz: John E., a physician of Buffalo; Dana S., a real estate dealer of Model 
 City, New York, and Morgan L., a medical student in the Buffalo University. Dr. 
 Bacon is recognized as a skillful and successful physician and stands high in his pro- 
 fession. He was a member of the pension board under Cleveland's first adminis- 
 tration and is secretary of the present pension board of Tioga county. He is also 
 the local surgeon of the Fall Brook Eailroad Company and has built up a large and 
 lucrative practice. In polities, he is a stanch Democrat, has served as a school 
 director for thirteen years, and is the present health officer of Wellsboro. In religion, 
 Dr. Bacon is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Hugh Llewellyn Davis, M. D., was one of the best known physicians of Tioga 
 county during his professional career. He was bom at Summit Hill, Carbon county, 
 Pennsylvania, December 10, 1851, a son of Eeese L. and Mary (Evans) Davis. His 
 parents were natives of Wales and came to Charleston township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1833. After a short stay they removed to Carbon county, but many 
 years later returned to Charleston township, where both resided until death, the 
 father dying Febmary 16, 1891, and the mother, June 5, 1892. They reared a 
 family of eight children, Hugh L. being a small child when the family returned to 
 Tioga county. Our subject attended the common schools of Charleston and sub- 
 sequently the State Normal School at Mansfield. He then taught for five years in 
 different parts of Tioga county. In 1870 he commenced the study of medicine under 
 Dr. Nelson Packer, of Wellsboro, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia, in March, 1875. He soon after opened an office at Knoxville, whence 
 he removed in 1876 to Amot, and a year later to West Hampton, Massachusetts. 
 In the autumn of 1879 he retumed to Wellsboro where he soon built up a large 
 practice and continued in the active duties of his profession until his death, from 
 cerebral hemorrhage, December 19, 1895. Dr. Davis was one of those genial, large- 
 hearted men who had a cordial greeting for everj' one. His kindly and sympathetic 
 nature and encouraging words in the sick room drew many hearts to him. Ambitious 
 and physically strong, charitable, and in love with his profession, he was always 
 ready to answer a call regardless of the prospect of remuneration. On June 16, 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. ^QS 
 
 1875, he married Emma Janette Karr, daughter of John Karr, of Wellsboro. His 
 widow and two sons, Hugh Karr and Donald Llewellyn, axe left to mourn the death 
 of a kind husband and father. Dr. Davis was Past Master of Ossea Lodge, F. & A. 
 M. and Eminent Commander of Tyagagliton Commandery. He was also connected 
 with the I. 0. 0. P. and the Alert Hose Company. In politics, a Eepublican, he 
 was serving in the borough council at the time of his death, the duties of which 
 office he discharged with zeal and discretion. Upon the minutes of Tyagaghton 
 Commandery is inscribed the following tribute to his memory: 
 
 As a man and a citizen lie was upright, fair and courageous, and he always en- 
 deavored to do his duty according to his light. He never sought for ofBoe of emolument, 
 taut willingly shared the burdens of the administration of local government. He won 
 the affection and esteem of all those who employed him professionally, and his uniform 
 courtesy to every one made his friends legions. 
 
 As a member of the Masonic fraternity he has engraved his memory upon our 
 hearts, more lasting and enduring than can be chiseled upon tablets of stone. He has 
 fallen in life's battle, with his armor on, manfully fighting his way in the foremost rank, 
 a martyr to duty. , 
 
 Augustus Niles, M. D., was bom upon the old homestead in Tioga township, 
 Tioga county, November 10, 1853. He is the eldest son of Augustus E. Mies, a 
 grandson of Augustus Niles, and a great-grandson of Fathan Niles, Sr., one of the 
 first settlers in the Tioga valley. During his boyhood he attended the public 
 schools of Tioga borough, where he obtained a good education. He attended lectures 
 at Bennett Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, graduating from that institution in 
 1875, in which year he began practice at Nelson, Tioga county. In 1878 he removed 
 to Keeneyville, where he practiced fifteen years. In 1893 he located in Wellsboro, 
 and has since built up an extensive professional business and is recognized as a suc- 
 cessful physician and a skillful surgeon. He has been a member of the state board 
 of medical examiners since its creation, March 4, 1894, and is a member of the 
 medical council of Pennsylvania. Dr. Niles was married April 11, 1875, to Mary 
 J. Knuppenburg, a daughter of Dana A. Knuppenburg, of Nelson, and has two 
 children, Augustus and Jerome D. In politics. Dr. Niles is a Eepublican, and has 
 served two terms as coroner of Tioga county, from 1890 to 1896. He is a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. P., and is also connected with the lodge, chapter and commandery in 
 the Masonic order. 
 
 Dh. L. M. Johnson was born at Bethany, Genesee county. New York, February 
 1'!, 1818, a son of Nichols and Lucy (Eeynolds) Johnson, the former a native of 
 South Carolina, and the latter of New York. He was educated at Bath and Geneva, 
 New York, and at the age of thirty began reading medicine with Dr. M. F. Babcoek, 
 of Hammondsport, New York, and later took a course in the Medical Department 
 of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. He then engaged in the practice 
 of medicine at Galesburgh, Michigan, where he remained one year, and afterwards 
 traveled a few years. In 1858 he came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, opened an office 
 and began the practice of his profession. Here he remained in active practice until 
 1870, when failing health compelled him to give up a portion of his practice. He 
 removed to his farm in Charleston township, which he had purchased in 1869, 
 remained there three years, and devoted his attention to farming. In 1873 he 
 returned to Wellsboro and resumed practice. In 1883 he went to North Dakota, re- 
 
 45 
 
"JQQ HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 maining there until 1889. He then returned to Wellsboro, where he lived two 
 years, and again took up his residence on his farm. In 1896 he returned to Wells- 
 boro, and resumed the practice of medicine. Dr. Johnson has been married twice. 
 In 1856 he married Elizabeth Lockwood, of New York. She died in 1857, and in 
 1866 he married Sarah E. Wilson, of Charleston township. They have an adopted 
 daughter, Kate. 
 
 Db. Joel Eose was bom in Eoseville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, June 2, 
 1820, a son of William Eose, a native of Eutland, Vermont, who came to Tioga 
 coimty in 1806, and settled on the site of Eoseville, in what is now Eutland township, 
 beiQg one of the first settlers of that part of the county. Joel attended the common 
 schools in boyhood, and later studied medicine under Dr. Abel Humphrey, of Tioga, 
 and graduated at Geneva Medical College, Geneva, New York. He commenced 
 practice at Eoseville, where he continued until 1863, in which year he removed to 
 Detroit, Michigan, and followed his professional duties in that city until his death, 
 July 9, 186^. Dr. Eose married Alvira Stevens, and reared a family of four chil- 
 dren, viz: Celia D., deceased wife of J. H. Desrosiers; Prank H., a dentist of Wells- 
 boro; Clara E., wife of Charles Pepper, of Chicago, and Elizabeth, deceased. Mrs. 
 Eose resides with her daughter in Chicago. 
 
 Eeank Hamilton Eosk, D. D. S., was born in Eoseville, Tioga county, August 
 16, 1849, and was educated in the common schools of his native village, and in 
 Detroit, Michigan. He studied dentistry and in May, 1876, opened his present 
 ofSce, where he has since made a specialty of operative dentistry, and has built 
 up a successful practice. Dr. Eose married Emma Bush, of Wellsboro, September 
 29, 1875, and has one daughter, Kittie. The family are members of the Presby- 
 terian church. Mrs. Eose is the only child of Isaac and Catherine (Borden) Bush. 
 Her father was born in New York state, February 2, 1832, came to Tioga county, 
 and located at NHes Valley, where he engaged extensively in the lumber business. 
 He afterwards removed to Wellsboro, where he followed the boot and shoe business 
 a few years, then returned to Niles Valley, and was killed in a saw-mill, March 11, 
 1872. His widow died in 1884, aged fifty-one years. 
 
 De. John Henky Sheaeeb is one of the oldest practicing physicians in Tioga 
 county. He was bom in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1827, a son 
 of Henry and Catherine Shearer, natives of the same county. He was reared a 
 farmer's boy, and at the age of nineteen enlisted in the Marine Corps, at Phila- 
 delphia, for service in the Mexican War, and was assigned to the line-of-battleship 
 lOhio. He was at the siege and capture of Vera Cruz, and served until the close 
 of the war, when he took up his residence in the Qualcer City and began his medical 
 studies under Prof. A. E. Small. He graduated from what is now Hahnemann 
 College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1852, and opened an office at Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, where he practiced three years and a half. In 1856 he went to 
 Springfield, Illinois, spent some time in travel through the west, and practiced 
 at Sprinfield from the fall of 1856 until the spring of 1859, when, because of failing 
 health, he returned to Wellsboro, which has since been his permanent home. Dr. 
 Shearer was married in 1858, to Hannah Stanton Eathbun, of Springfield, who 
 died October 20, 1878, and has one son by that union, William Lincoln, editor and 
 publisher of the Republican Advocate. He married for his second wife, Margaret M. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 7O7 
 
 Wylie, a daughter of W. P. Wylie, a well-known citizen of this county. Dr. Shearer 
 was a next-door neighbor of Abraham Lincoln during his residence in Springfield; 
 a member of his presidential pajtyj his guest at the White House in 1863, and 
 one of his closest friends until his tragic end. Dr. Shearer has been in continuous 
 practice in Wellsboro for nearly forty years. 
 
 William Lincoln Sheaeer, only child of Dr. John H. and Hannah Stanton 
 Shearer, was bom in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1861. He received a 
 good English education, graduating from the Wellsboro High School in 1881. 
 After reading law under Judge Henry W. Williams and Hon. Horace B. Packer, he 
 was admitted to the bar April 5, 1886, and practiced his profession about six 
 months. On November 1, 1886, he bought an interest in the Republican Advocate 
 and became a partner with James H. Matson. On March 10, 1891, he purchased Mr. 
 Matson's interest, since which time he has conducted the paper alone. Mr. Shearer 
 was married July 31, 1883, to Margaret L. Van Valkenburg, a daughter of C. G. 
 Van Valkenburg, of Wellsboro. A Eepublican, in politics, Mr. Shearer has un- 
 compromisingly maintained the principles of that party in the columns of his 
 paper. He is a vigorous, incisive writer, and has conducted the Republican Advocate 
 with ability and success. In religion he is an adherent of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Augustus P. Baenes, of the firm of Barnes & Eoy, editors and publishers of 
 the Wellsboro Agitator, was bom in Painted Post, Steuben county, New York, 
 December 30, 1838, and is a son of Washington and Deidamia (Knox) Barnes. His 
 mother died when he was but five weeks old, and he was eared for by an aunt in 
 Knoxville, Steuben county, until four years of age, when, his father having re- 
 married, he was taken to live with him in Bath, New York, and there grew to man- 
 hood. His early education was acquired in the common schools. In 1859, after 
 a preliminary reading under his father, who was a prominent lawyer of Steuben 
 county, he completed his studies in the office of Spencer & Thomson, the leading 
 law firm of Corning, New York, and was admitted to practice in 1860. During the 
 next two years he filled the position of surrogate clerk under his father, who had 
 been elected county judge and surrogate of Steuben county. From 1863 to 1873 
 he practiced law in Bath, with the exception of about twenty months, during 1864-65, 
 when he was a clerk in the quartermaster general's office, Washington, D. C, and 
 a portion of the winter of 1865-66, when he was engaged in editing the Havana 
 Journal, Havana, New York. In January, 1873, Mr. Barnes bought a half interest 
 in the Wellsboro Agitator of P. C. Van Gelder. In September following Arthur 
 M. Eoy purchased Mr. Van Gelder's remaining interest and the firm became Barnes 
 & Eoy, and has so continued to the present time. Mr. Barnes was married February 
 19, 1873, to Sarah Bull, a daughter of Col. William H. and Sarah (Whiting) Bull, 
 of Bath, New York. The following named children have been bom to this union: 
 Sarah, Anna, Eobert S. and Franklin A., both deceased; William Douglas and 
 John Knox. In polities, Mr. Barnes is a Eepublican, and in religion, a member 
 of the Protestant Episcopal chxirch. As editor of the Agitator, Mr. Barnes has 
 proven himself a clear and logical thinker and a vigorous, forceful writer. He 
 wields a facile, graceful pen, and deals with all matters of public policy with frank- 
 ness and fearlessness. Under his guidance the Agitator has become a power in this 
 
708 HISTOEY 01" TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 congressional district, and is recognized as one of the best-edited weekly papers in 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Akthuk M. Eoy, of the firm of Barnes & Eoy, editors and publishers of the 
 Wellsboro Agitator, is the only living child of Dr. Eobert and Irene M. (Dartt) Eoy. 
 He was bom in Wellsboro, November 4, 1853, and was educated in the borough 
 schools and in the Mansfield State Normal. At the age of twelve years he entered 
 the Agitator office as an apprentice and served three years. He then went to school 
 until he was nineteen years old. On September 1, 1872, he purchased the half 
 interest of P. C. Van Gelder in the Agitator and became a partner of A. P. Barnes, 
 the firm becoming Barnes & Eoy. Entering the firm with a practical knowledge 
 of the art of printing, Mr. Eoy has devoted himself to the mechanical department 
 of the paper and ofEiee, and has also discharged the duties of local editor. He 
 has few superiors as a printer, having mastered the art in all its details. The neat 
 typographical appearance of the Agitator, and the high class of work turned out by 
 the jobbing department of the establishment, bear testimony to his skill. As a 
 gleaner of local news he is industrious, and what he writes stamps him a first class 
 newspaper man. Mr. Eoy was married September 6, 1876, to Margaret L. Giles, 
 a daughter of Benjamin and Eachel Giles, of Jamestown, ISTew York. To this 
 marriage there have been bom three children, viz: Harold, Annie and Eobert. Mr. 
 Eoy ranks among the prominent and respected citizens of Wellsboro. In politics 
 he is a Eepublican, and has always been outspoken in the advocacy of the principles 
 of that party. He is a deacon of the Presbyterian church of Wellsboro; is also 
 superintendent of the Presbyterian Sunday-school, and is an active supporter of 
 everything tending toward the moral advancement of the community. He is a 
 director in the First National Bank, and a member of the P. & A. M. and I. 0. 0. P. 
 societies. 
 
 Feank Coneveey, editor and publisher of the Wellsboro Gazette, was born in 
 Bath, Steuben county, New York, July 16, 1855, and is a son of Patrick and Sarah 
 Conevery. While he was yet an infant, his father was accidentally killed. His 
 mother, who is still living, is a resident of Bath. Mr. Conevei-y's early education 
 was acquired in the common schools. In 1869, when but fourteen years old, he 
 became a printer's apprentice, and completed his trade in 1872, in the office of the 
 Bath Advocate. During the next two years he worked as a journeyman printer 
 in the Advocate office, the Buffalo Courier and other papers. In the fall of 1874 he 
 took charge of the mechanical department of the Hammondsport Herald, continuing 
 until April, 1877, when he came to Wellsboro and in the following August bought 
 out the interest of P. G. Churchill in the Wellsboro Gazette and became a partner in 
 its publication with S. N. Havens, urtder the firm name of Havens & Conevery. This 
 partnership was terminated in November, 1881, when Mr. Havens sold his interest 
 to Herbert Huntington, and the firm became Huntington & Conevery. In No- 
 vember, 1885, Frederick K. Wright bought the interest of Mr. Huntington, and 
 continued as a partner until January 1, 1895, since which time Mr. Conevery has 
 carried on the enterprise alone. On December 9, 1880, Mr. Conevery married 
 Helen Bullard, a daughter of M. S. and Mariette Bullard, of Wellsboro. Two 
 children, a daughter, Mary, and a son, Eobert G., have been bom to them. In 
 politics, Mr. Conevery is a Democrat, and in the presidential campaign of 1896, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 17QQ 
 
 his paper gave Bryan and Sewall and the Chicago platform, able, earnest and un- 
 swerving support, and especially that plank of the platform which declared for the 
 free coinage of silver. Under Mr. Conevery's management the Gazette has acquired 
 a well-deserved reputation as an ahly-edited and well-conducted newspaper. Its 
 editorials are strongly written and party and public questions are dealt with in a 
 fearless manner. Local news from all parts of the county is industriously gathered, 
 the Gazette being especially noted for the excellence of its local news department. 
 Being the only outspoken Democratic paper in the county, it has a large circulation, 
 and is regarded as one of the leading Democratic journals of the northern tier. 
 Mr. Conevery is a member of Alert Hose Company, and also of the K. of P. and K. 
 0. T. M. societies. 
 
 Samuel Mohgan, Sr., bom in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, March 
 16, 1803, was educated in the common schools, and learned the blacksmith's trade 
 in his native county, which he followed there until 1837. In that year he came 
 to Tioga county and located at Covington, then a hamlet of only a few buildings, 
 called "The Corners," where he followed his trade for seven years. He then pur- 
 chased a farm in the Frost settlement, and followed farming in connection with 
 his trade until 1855, when he sold the farm and removed to Eound Top, Charleston 
 township; bought a property, and followed blacksmithing, lumbering and farming, 
 up to his death, February 10, 1875. Mr. Morgan was married in 1834, to Ann 
 Emble, a daughter of Albert and Hannah Kimble. Ten children were bom to 
 this union, eight of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, as follows: Sarah A., 
 wife of Jesse Bryant, of Charleston township; H. Elizabeth, deceased wife of Jon- 
 athan Bveretts; Daniel M., of Olean, New York; William M., who died in a 
 southern prison during the Eebellion, from a gun-shot wound; Jonathan V., of 
 "Wellsboro; Seth, a farmer in Arkansas; Samuel, a resident of Charleston township, 
 and Ephraim, deceased. With the exception of the last mentioned, all of the sons 
 were soldiers in the Union army, and all but Samuel served from the beginning 
 to the close of the war. Mrs. Morgan died in 1873. Mr. Morgan was a member 
 of the Baptist church in early life, but later united with the Wesleyan Methodist 
 church, in which faith he died. 
 
 Jonathan V. Morgan, ex-treasurer of Tioga county, was bom in Covington 
 township, Tioga county, March 1, 1838; was reared upon a farm, and was educated 
 in the public schools and at Wellsboro Academy. On April 33, 1861, he enlisted 
 in Company E, First Pennsylvania Eeserve, known as "The Bucktails." He was 
 taken prisoner at Gaines' Hill, June 38, 1863, and was confined in Libby, Castle 
 Thunder and Belle Isle prisons, and later paroled, and rejoined his regiment at 
 Alexandria, Virginia. With the exception of the period when he was a prisoner, he 
 served in all the engagements in which his regiment participated. He was wounded 
 at Gettysburg, and was several times promoted for gallant and meritorious conduct 
 on the battle-field. He commanded his company through most of the Wilderness 
 Campaign, as first sergeant, and was first lieutenant by brevet when his regiment 
 was mustered out of service, in June, 1864. Mr. Morgan then returned to Tioga 
 county, and resumed farming in Charleston township. He was married February 
 25, 1869, to Melvina L. Shumway, a daughter of Joseph J. and Margaret C. (Peake) 
 Shumway, of Charleston township. Mrs. Morgan had three brothers: Charles L., 
 
710 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Hiram P. and William P. Charles L., was a soldier in the Civil War, and died 
 August 22, 1864. Hiram P. is a resident of Olean, New York, and William P. is 
 dead. Politically, Mr. Morgan is an unswerving Eepublican. lie served two terms 
 as township treasurer, two terms as supervisor, and one as school director. In 1887 
 he was elected a jury commissioner, in which office lie served three years, and in the 
 fall of 1892 he was elected county treasurer, which position he filled in an acceptable 
 manner until January, 1896. Mr. Morgan is a member of Tyoga Lodge, No. 230, 
 I. 0. 0. P., also of George Cook Post, G. A. E., of Wellsboro. He has held all the 
 important olfices in the latter, and has been state aid-de-camp two terms. He is 
 a member of the Union Veteran Legion, and the Association of Prisoners, and 
 takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the old veterans. 
 
 James L. White, ex-postmaster of Wellsboro, is a son of the late Judge Robert 
 G. White, and was born in Wellsboro, Tioga county, October 23, 1849. He was edu- 
 cated in the High School, and when eighteen years of age went to California and 
 worked two years in the silver mines. Returning to Wellsboro, he clerked for C. C. 
 Mathers six years, and in the spring of 1876 he was appointed inspector of customs 
 at Philadelphia. In the spring of 1877, he and his brother Frank purchased a 
 grocery store in Wellsboro, and one year later he bought his brothei-'s interest. 
 He conducted the business until 1883, when he bought out the store of F. K. 
 Wright, consolidated the two stores, and carried on merchandising until 1884, 
 when he was burned out. He immediately ro-stocked his store, and then sold the 
 business to Saxton, Seely & Company, in the fall of 1886. In the autumn of 1889 
 he went to Pittsburg, where he acted as state agent for the Edison phonograph 
 for one year, returning to Wellsboro in the fall of 1890. In 1891 he was appointed 
 postmaster of Wellsboro, which position he occupied four years, and is now holding 
 the responsible position of cashier of the House of Representatives, Washington, 
 D. C. Mr. White was married November 24, 1875, to Adelaide Wilbur, a daughter 
 of Col. Aaron Wilbur, of Savannah, Georgia, and has three children, viz: Adelaide 
 Louise, Sarah Bache and Mary Wilbur. The family attend the Protestant Episcopal 
 church. Politically, Mr. AVhite is a Republican, and has been a member of the school 
 board, president of the board of education, and a member of the borough council. 
 He is connected with the F. & A. M., and is Past Commander of the Knights 
 Templar. 
 
 HoEACE A. Deans was born in Montrose, Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, 
 February 10, 1824. His father, James Deans, was a native of Lebanon county, Con- 
 necticut, bom in 1794, and removed with his parents to Montrose when ten years 
 of age. He there learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for many years. 
 In 1819 he married Abigail Cornwall, and reared two sons, Horace A. and Willis B., 
 the latter a merchant of Montrose. Horace was reared in his native town, and there 
 commenced his business cai-eer. He enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and 
 Thirty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, served nine months, and then re-enlisted 
 in the Signal Service, and was stationed at Georgetown Heights until the close 
 of the war. Returning to Montrose, he worked at paper hanging, painting and 
 carpentering until his death, in July, 1877. He married Frances E. Stroud, March 
 29, 1848, and reared two sons, Frank A., of Wellsboro, and Edward C, a resident 
 of Scranton. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 711 
 
 Prank A. Deans was born in Bridgewater township, Susquehanna county, 
 January 22, 1849, and is the eldest son of Horace A. Deans. He spent his boyhood 
 days in Hyde Park, Lackawanna county, where he was educated in the graded school. 
 "When fifteen years of age he entered a printing office in Montrose, where he worked 
 for two yeai-s. He subsequently clerked in the postoffice in that town for two years, 
 and then engaged with C. M. Crandall, of Montrose, to learn the turnei-'s trade, 
 at which he spent three years. He later entered the insurance office of Billings 
 Stroud, and on June 1, 1870, came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, to clerk in the land 
 office of the Bingham estate. He occupied that position until Mr. Simpson's death, 
 April 15, 1893, when he succeeded him as agent of the trustees of said estate. Mr. 
 Deans was man-ied December 9, 1873, to Mary E. Guernsey, a daughter of H. A. 
 Guernsey. He is a member of Tyoga Lodge, No. 230, and Wellsboro Encampment, 
 No. 78, 1. 0. 0. P. For the past twenty years he has been Scribe of the lodge, 
 and has filled the chair in both branches. He is also colonel of the Second Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment of Patriarchs Militant. He is a member of Ossea Lodge, No. 317, 
 P. & A. M.; Tyoga Chapter, No. 194, R. A. M., and Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 
 28, K. T. Mr. Deans is the leader of Wellsborough's Military Band, whi(;h owes its 
 present efficiency to his efforts. He was also a leading spirit in the organi- 
 zation of the Alert Hose Company, and has ever been active in promoting the best 
 interests of the borough. 
 
 George W. "Williams, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth Tabor "Williams, was bom 
 in Tioga, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1859. His parents removed to 
 Wellsboro when our subject was less than one year old, and he there grew to man- 
 hood, receiving his education in the public schools. "When sixteen years of age 
 he commenced clerking in the store of C. C. Mathers, and later clerked for Young & 
 Miller. He was next employed in the commissioners' office by Leonard Harrison, 
 at the time he was commissioners' clerk. On January 1, 1880, he accepted a position 
 as clerk in the office of the Bingham estate where he has since been employed. Mr. 
 Williams has taken considerable interest in public affairs, has served as a member 
 of the borough council, and also as burgess of Wellsboro, and at different times 
 has been chairman of the Republican county committee. He was man-ied March 
 12, 1883, to Ida A. Horton, a daughter of Capt. A. B. Horton, formerly of Wells- 
 boro, and has two children, Clinton T. and Joseph H. 
 
 William E. Champaign, sheriff of Tioga county, was born at Cedar Run, 
 Brown township, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1861, son of Peter 
 B. and Hannah (Sechrist) Champaign. His father was a native of Soriel, which is 
 located at the mouth of the outlet of Lalfe Champlain, in the Province of Quebec, 
 Canada, while his mother was bom in Liberty township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania. His father served in the Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, and is now a resident of Elk township. William E. was reared in Lycoming 
 and Tioga counties, and has been a permanent resident of this county since his 
 seventh year. He obtained a common school education and labored at lumbering 
 until after his majority. In 1886 he engaged in the life and fire insurance business, 
 which he still carries on in connection with his duties as sheriff. Mr. Champaign 
 mai-ried Emma N. Neal, daughter of Daniel Neal, September 12, 1884, and has two 
 children, Nellie and Earle. The family are Presbyterians. He is an ardent Re- 
 
712 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COITNTT. 
 
 publican, and has always taken an active part in local politics. He was postmaster 
 at Gaines for two years; was elected sheriff of Tioga county in 1894, and was a 
 delegate to the State Convention in 1896. Mr. Champaign is a Knight Templar in 
 the Masonic order, and is one of the popular officials of Tioga county. 
 
 MiLFOED H. Stebbins was born at Sabinsville, Tioga county, September 3, 
 1860, and is the eldest child of Elijah H. Stebbins. He was reared and educated 
 in his native tovraiship, and later attended the Knoxville graded school, and Wood- 
 hull Academy, at WoodhuU, New York, where he passed a regent's examination. 
 When eighteen years of age he began assisting his father in the store and lumber 
 business, and at his father's death he took charge of the same. In December, 1883, 
 he bought his uncle's interest in the lumber business, and was made guardian for 
 the other heirs. He conducted the business under this arrangement until April, 
 1884, when the estate was divided, he and his brother George taking the mill 
 property, the store having burned in 1881. They conducted the business up to 
 1886, in which year he purchased his brother's interest and operated the mill until 
 its destruction by fire in 1893. In November, 1890, Mr. Stebbins was elected a 
 county commissioner, on the Eepublican ticket, and removed to Wellsboro in 
 January, 1891. He also served as auditor of Clymer township for ten years, assessor 
 one term, assistant assessor two terms, and census enumerator in 1890. Upon the 
 expiration of his term as county commissioner in January, 1894, he formed a 
 partnership with C. N. Butts, of Sabinsville, and has since been engaged in con- 
 tracting for stone and brick work, bridges, pile driving, etc. He is also proprietor 
 of the Wellsboro Cigar Factory, where he is engaged in the manufacture of cigars 
 for the trade, and is an active, energetic and enterprising business man. On January 
 19, 1879, he married Addie C. Newton, a daughter of Moses and Sally Newton, of 
 Sabinsville, and is the father of five children, as follows: Gordon E., Clayton M., 
 Hugh W., Ha, deceased, and Arland E. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. Mr. Stebbins is a member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, E. & A. M.; West- 
 field Chapter, No. 265; Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 38, and Wellsboro Lodge, No. 
 374, K. of P. 
 
 Feancis Bbatjge, a wine merchant of Paris, France, came to the United States 
 in 1836, and located on a farm near Utica, New York. Three years later he re- 
 moved to Charleston township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he purchased 
 a farm and resided until his death in August, 1863. His wife, whose maiden name 
 was Marie Moucours, was also a native of France. Two children were born to 
 them: Hippolyte, since deceased, and Eugene, a resident of Wellsboro. Mrs. 
 Beauge survived her husband over thirty years, dying May 30, 1893. 
 
 Eugene Beauge was bom in Charleston tovmship, Tioga county, March 36, 
 1840, and is the only living child of Francis and Marie Beauge. He was reared on 
 the homestead farm, and attended the common schools of his district. In 1861 he 
 enlisted in Company G, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was later promoted 
 to sergeant, and served with his regiment until the close of the war. He participated 
 in most of the battles and long marches for which the regiment was noted, and was 
 honorably discharged July 17, 1865. Eeturning to Tioga county, he soon after 
 entered Eastman Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York, where he graduated 
 in April, 1866. He then purchased a farm in Charleston township, and followed 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 713 
 
 farming up to 1884, -when he was appointed clerk in the commissioners' office. 
 Removing to Wellsboro, he purchased his present home the following year. He had 
 resigned the of&ce of county auditor to accept that of commissioners' clerk. After 
 retiring from the commissioners' office in 1884, Mr. Beauge resumed the manage- 
 ment of his farm in Charleston, though continuing to reside in Wellsboro. He 
 was again elected county auditor in 1890, and re-elected in 1893 and in 1896. He 
 also served as clerk of Charleston township for ten years, and has been one of the 
 active workers of the Eepublican party since the war. Mr. Beauge married Lucy 
 Culver, a daughter of Joel and Sarah Culver, of Charleston township, to which 
 union have been born three children, viz: Prank L., manager of the W. W. Brad- 
 bury Company's store, at Laudrus; Frederick E., book-keeper for the Union Tan- 
 ning Company, at Hoytville, and A. Naomi. The family attend the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. Mr. Beauge is a member of George Cook Post, Fo. 315, G. 
 A: R., and of Encampment No. 105, U. V. L., both of "Wellsboro. 
 
 Frank L. Beatjge, eldest son of Eugene and Lucy Beauge, was bom in Charles- 
 ton township, Tioga county, July 28, 1870, and obtained his education in the 
 schools of that township and Wellsboro. On Maxch 3, 1893, he married Eva 
 Wheeler, a daughter of B. P. Wheeler, of Marsh Creek, Tioga county. After serving 
 nearly two years as clerk in the general store of Hoyt Brothers, at Hoytville, he 
 accepted the position of manager of the W. W. Bradbury Company's store, at 
 Landrus, in August, 1893, which he still holds. As a business man, he has proven 
 himself thorough, capable and competent, and is popular with the patrons of the 
 store. In politics, Mr. Beauge is a Eepublican, and in religion, an adherent of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. He is also a member of the P. 0. S. of A., of Hoyt- 
 ville. 
 
 Thomas T. Rees, a son of William T. and Margaret (Roberts) Rees, and grand- 
 son of Thomas Rees, was bom in South Wales, December 8, 1853. His parents 
 died when Thomas T. was quite young, leaving him and one brother, Evan, to the 
 care of strangers. The latter is now a land agent in South Wales. Two years after 
 his parents' death, Thomas T. was sent to the United States to his uncles, Robert, 
 Hugh, William and John Roberts, who had immigrated some thirty years before, 
 locating in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Soon after his arrival, his five uncles 
 enlisted in the Union army. Four of them were killed in the war, John alone 
 retuming. Our subject lived with the latter at Pittston, Luzerne county, up to 
 1868, and worked in a lumber yard. In 1870 he came to Morris Run, Tioga county, 
 and worked in the mines for eleven years, afterwards serving as a clerk in the post- 
 office at Morris Run two years. He was then appointed to the position of paster and 
 folder in the State printing office at Harrisburg, where he worked for two years, and 
 was then taken sick and returned to Morris Run, where he continued to reside, 
 though unable to do any work for the following three years. In 1888, after re- 
 covering from his serious illness, he was appointed ticket and express agent for the 
 Erie railroad at Morris Run. Resigning this position in January, 1893, he came to 
 Wellsboro to accept the office of deputy sheriff, which he filled during Sheriff 
 Irvin's term. On November 19, 1873, Mr. Rees married Anna Price, of Morris 
 Run, who has borne him six children, viz: Evan, William, Elmer, May, (the last 
 two died in infancy), Margaret ajid Horace Packer. In politics, Mr. Rees is a Re- 
 
714 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 publican, and tlie family attend the Baptist church. He is a member of Ossea 
 Lodge, No. 317, P. & A. M., and Tioga Lodge, No. 304, K. of P. 
 
 Peank Watkins, chief clerk in the commissioners' office, was born in Athens 
 township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, October 31, 1843, and is a son of John 
 and Mary (Green) Watkins. His paternal grandparents were from Connecticut, 
 where his grandfather, Maj. William Watkins, was bom in 1753. He was an officer 
 in the Continental army, and participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. He died 
 in Athens township, Bradford county, whither he had removed from Connecticut, 
 November 17, 1838, in his seventy-sixth year. Major Watkins' wife, Lois, was bom 
 in 1760, and died July 30, 1851, at the ripe old age of ninety-one years. They 
 were the parents of five children, John, the father of our subject, being the youngest. 
 He was bom in Connecticut, January 6, 1789, married Betsey Green, in Bradford 
 county, April 11, 1813, and reared a family of thirteen children, only five of whom 
 survive. The mother died July 7, 1839, in her forty-seventh year, and her husband 
 was again married, December 33, 1840, to Mrs. Mary Green, a native of Providence, 
 Ehode Island, bom July 30, 1797. One son. Prank, the subject of this sketch, was 
 bom to this union. The mother died November 36, 1863, in her sixty-seventh 
 year, and the father, March 33, 1869, in the eighty-first year of his age. Prank 
 was reared upon his father's farm, where he spent the first twenty-one years of his 
 life, sharing the common lot of a farmer's son. He obtained such education as he 
 could in the common school, supplemented by two or three terms at the Athens 
 Academy. In 1864 he completed a course of study at Eastman Business College, 
 Poughkeepsie, New York, and for the following year was book-keeper for Gardner 
 & Inslee, produce commission merchants, of New York City. He then learned the 
 paper maker's trade, which he worked at five years, principally in Waverly, New 
 York. On July 6, 1867, he married Miss Nettie Courtright, of Waverly, by whom 
 he has two sons, Willis P. and Albert J., and two daughters, Ina M. and Myrtie D. 
 In the year 1870 he removed to Wellsboro, Tioga county, where he has since resided. 
 His wife, Nettie, died November 3, 1884, in her thirty-fifth year. On October 27, 
 1885, he married Mrs. Anna C. English, to which union have been born two sons, 
 Prancis M. and Leon Erland. In 1883 he entered the office of the county commis- 
 sioners as assistant clerk, and by industry and strict attention to the affairs of the 
 office attained the chief clerkship, which position he is now filling. Mr. Watkins' 
 long period of continual service has proven him to be a faithful official, and an 
 invaluable assistant to the commissioners. He has been borough auditor for three 
 years, which office he has filled with satisfaction and credit to himself. He is a 
 member of the I. 0. 0. P. and the P. of H. In politics, a Eepublican, he has 
 always given his earnest support to the principles, measures and candidates of that 
 party. 
 
 Oeein Blaie was born on Eussell Mountain, Massachusetts, December 38, 
 1835, a son of Nathan and Sally (Tyrrell) Blair, natives of Massachusetts and New 
 York, respectively. They were the parents of thirteen children, Orrin being the 
 tenth in the family. The father was a physician, and died in 1849, aged seventy-two 
 years. His widow survived until 1866, and died at the home of her son Orrin, aged 
 seventy-eight years. In 1837 Orrin's brother, James, who was bom in Massachu- 
 setts in 1811, came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and bought a farm in Delmar 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 7I5 
 
 township. Soon after he contracted consumption, and in 1840 Orrin came on to 
 take care of him. After the death of James, Orrin purchased a farm, and lived 
 upon it up to his death in 1895. He received his early education in his native 
 State, and later attended the Wellsboro Academy. Though he worked a portion of 
 his time as a carpenter, he made farming his principal occupation. He owned 169 
 acres near the northwest comer of the borough, and made dairying a specialty. 
 On April 2, 1849, Mr. Blair married Louisa Hiltbold, a daughter of Jacob and 
 Abigail (Johnson) Hiltbold. She was born February 1, 1831, and is the mother of 
 five children, viz: Mary Ellen, wife of Alphonso Spencer; James 0., a farmer in 
 Delmar; Lewis M., residing on the old homestead; Sherman L., baggage master at 
 the Pall Brook station, and William E., principal of the Tioga graded schools. 
 Mrs. Blair is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, in which faith Mr. 
 Blair lived and died. In politics, he was a Eepublican, filled the office of supervisor, 
 and was poormaster of Delmar township the year the poor house was erected. Mr. 
 Blair was one of the successful and prominent farmers of this section. 
 
 Chahles Aveht was bom in Eaton, Madison county, New York, in 1800, a 
 son of Constajit Avery. He was reared on a farm, and came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1824, purchasing a farm of 160 acres in Chatham township, where he 
 was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, Jaoiuary 14, 1875. He mar- 
 ried Sophia Cloos, a daughter of Newbury Cloos, a pioneer of Deerfield township, 
 Tioga county. Ten children were bom to this union, viz: Constant, of Chatham 
 township; Esther, wife of Matt Ashton, of Livingston county, New York; Cyrus W., 
 of Wellsboro; William, deceased; Deruyter, of Chatham township; Miranda, wife of 
 Prank Churchill, of Middlebury; Leonidas, a resident of Ansonia; Albert, deceased; 
 Mary, wife of Jefferson West, of Middlebury, and John, who died in early youth. 
 Mrs. Avery died on January 14, 1875, one hour before her husband, quite a re- 
 markable coincidence, after a married life of nearly half a century. Politically, Mr. 
 Avery was a Democrat in early life, and later a Free Soiler. He served as collector 
 of Chatham township for ten years, and was one of the respected citizens of that 
 locality. 
 
 Ctktts W. Avekt, second son of Charles Avery, was bom in Chatham township, 
 Tioga county, February 10, 1833, attended the common schools in boyhood, and 
 worked on his father's farm until twenty-five years of age. For the succeeding 
 fifteen years he worked on his own farm in Chatham township in summer time and 
 in the lumber woods in winter. In 1883 he sold his farm in Chatham and bought 
 his present farm in the suburbs of Wellsboro, containing seventy-six acres, where 
 he has since followed agriculture. On February 16, 1859, Mr. Avery married Jane 
 Spencer, a daughter of Aurora and Catherine (Conklin) Spencer. Her father was 
 bom in 1808, and died July 14, 1862. Her mother was bom in 1810, and died 
 January 29, 1876. Mrs. Avery was born January 30, 1840, and is the mother of two 
 children, viz: Ida E., wife of Francis Andrews, of Wellsboro, and Jennie M., wife of 
 John Fisher, of Marsh Creek. Mr. Avery and wife are members of the Second 
 Advent church, and in politics, he is independent. He served as supervisor of 
 Chatham township one term. 
 
 Adam A. Kloce: was bom in Manheim, Herkimer county. New York, January 
 28, 1800, a son of Adam Klock, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1835. 
 
716 HISTOET 01 TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 He purchased a farm in Charleston township, on which he resided up to his death, 
 December 13, 1875. He married !N"ancy, a daughter of John Hart, of Herkimer 
 county, E"ew York, who survived him until March 17, 1884, dying at the age of 
 seventy-nine years. They were the parents of ten children, as follows: Jesse, who 
 recently died in Oregon; Jeremiah, a retired farmer of Wellshoro; Irene, deceased wife 
 of Waldo May; Margaret, widow of Charles Brown; John A., who lives in Illinois; 
 Edwin, a resident of Covington, Tioga county; Henry H., who resides in Kansas; 
 Andrew, of Wellshoro; Hiram, who lives in Elmira, and Lizzie, wife of George D. 
 Brooks, of Charleston township. 
 
 Jbbemiah Kloce, retired farmer, was born in Herkimer county. New York, 
 May 5, 1824, and is the second son of Adam A. Klock. He was reared upon a farm, 
 and when twenty-two years of age purchased 113 acres of land in Charleston town- 
 ship, upon which he settled. He added to his first pm-ehase from time to time until 
 he owned 356 acres in the same township, and continued agricultural pursuits up 
 to 1873, when he was compelled to give up work on account of ill health. He 
 sold his lands in Charleston township, and in the spring of 1875 purchased his 
 present home in Wellshoro, where he has lived since the autumn of 1877. Mr. 
 Klock was married October 30, 1845, to Maria Abrams, daughter of Nelson Abrams. 
 She was born December 8, 1836, and is the mother of five children, viz: Nelson V., 
 a resident of Elmira; Jennie D., wife of Eussell Ely, of Charleston township; Milan 
 L., of Wellshoro; Clara E., wife of Sterry E. Kimball, of Charleston township, and 
 Nancy E., deceased wife of William H. Smith, of the same township. Mr. Klock is 
 a member of the Presbyterian church, and his wife of the Christian church. In poli- 
 tics, a Eepublican, he served as auditor of Charleston township for six years. 
 
 Milan L. Klock, stock dealer, was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, 
 March 14, 1852, a son of Jeremiah Klock. He was reared on the homestead farm, 
 and obtained a public school education. When twenty-one years old he commenced 
 working the home farm on his own account, and followed farming four years. He 
 then went to Antrim and carried on a meat market four years, and while there 
 bought a farm of 140 acres in Delmar township, four miles from Wells- 
 horo, which he has since cultivated. In December, 1883, he came to Wellshoro, where 
 he had previously purchased his present home, and engaged in the live stock bus- 
 iness, which he has followed ever since. He later took in as partner E. M. Johnson, 
 which business connection continued up to the spring of 1894, when Mr. Klock 
 withdrew and formed a partnership with J. C. Bradley, under the firm name of 
 Bradley & Klock, contractors in all kinds of stone work. Mr. Klock was married 
 September 18, 1877, to Harriet C. Peake, a daughter of Willis Peake, of Charleston 
 township, and has one son, Leon. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and Mr. Klock is a member of the K. of P. Politically, a Eepublican, he was a 
 member of the council from 1888 to 1891, was appointed assessor in February, 1888, 
 was elected to the same office in 1889, and re-elected in 1893 and 1895. 
 
 James L. Eobb, youngest child of John C. and Susan Eobb, was born in Farm- 
 ington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, May 4, 1843. He was reared on the 
 homestead farm and was educated in the common schools and at Iron City Com- 
 mercial College, Pittsburg. On January 16, 1865, he enlisted in Company B, One 
 Hundred and Ninety-fotirth New York Volunteers, and served with the rank of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 717 
 
 second lieutenant until mustered out the following June. After leaving the army 
 he went to Omaha, Nebraska, where he entered the employ of the Union Pacific 
 Eailroad Company, and for nearly a year had charge of the force engaged in painting 
 and finishing the stations from Omaha to North Platte, a distance of 600 miles. 
 Eetuming to Farmington township, he purchased the homestead from his father 
 and devoted his attention to farming, shipping hay, live-stock, etc., being for eight 
 years a member of the firm of Mather & Eobb. His partner was C. S. Mather, of 
 Elmira, New York, whose interest he purchased in 1893. Mr. Eobb resided on his 
 farm until October, 1895, when he purchased his present residence in Wellsboro. 
 He is the owner of a fine farm in Farmington, embracing nearly 400 acres of land, and 
 is one of the largest shippers of hay, live-stock and farm produce in Tioga county, 
 owning seven store-houses on the line of the Fall Brook railroad. On January 3, 
 1870, Mr. Eobb married Helen S. Shelves, a daughter of Albert Shelves, of Job's 
 Corners, Tioga county. Three children have been born to this union, viz: 
 Levi S., Casner J., and Ada, the last of whom died in infancy. Politically, Mr. 
 Eobb is an ardent Eepublican. In religion, he is a member of the Pr^byterian 
 church. A man of commendable public spirit, sound business methods and per- 
 sistent industry, he can safely be classed as one of the successful business men of 
 his native county. 
 
 Ezra Potter, a native of Ehode Island, bom in 1800, came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in company with a party of settlers from his State, among them being 
 his older brother, Stephen Potter, in 1817, and later assisted in cutting a road 
 through the forest from the site of Westfield borough. to that of Potter Brook, 
 where the family purchased land and located in 1818. Ezra Potter married Eunice 
 Swede, and reared a fanaily of seven children by this marriage, viz: Stephen A., John 
 W., deceased; Almon A., a resident of Brookfield; Hiram E., of Wellsboro; Matilda 
 A., wife of George W. Peekham; Adeline, wife of Hiram W. Dartt, and Ezra H., 
 a publisher of Nyack, New York. Mrs. Potter died in 1835, aged thirty-four years, 
 and he was again mamed to Eunice Stebbins, who bore him two children, viz: 
 Eunice, vrif e of King Towner, of Elmira, New York, and Nancy, wife of Noah Close, 
 of Westfield, Tioga county. Mr. Potter died in 1883. 
 
 Hiram E. Potter was bom in Chatham township, Tioga county, January 9, 
 1828, and is the fourth child of Ezra and Eunice (Swede) Potter. He was reared 
 on a farm, attended the district schools in boyhood, and when seventeen years of 
 age began working out as a farm hand. The next year he went to learn the car- 
 penter's trade, which business he followed ten years. He then purchased a farm of 
 320 acres in Deerfield township, upon which he lived seventeen years. Eemoving 
 to Middlebury township he resided there eight years, and in 1876 bought his present 
 home in Wellsboro, where he has since lived, though unable to work becau.se of 
 rheumatism. Mr. Potter was married May 28, 1856, to Angela D. Potter, who died 
 in May, 1884. In March, 1885, he married Mrs, Mary Westbrook, nee Butler. He 
 is a member of the Baptist church, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal chiwch. 
 In polities, he is a Eepublican, and is also connected with the I. 0. 0. P. society. 
 
 Louis Brill, a native of Germany, came with his parents to the United States 
 about 1835, being then about five years old. He afterwards worked for a period in 
 Philadelphia, and came to Tioga county in 1848, locating on the site of the present 
 
718 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 village of Morris, neax the mouth of Wilson creek. He followed lumbering there for 
 a few years and then removed to Brown township, Lycoming county. In 1864 he re- 
 turned to Tioga coimty and located on the land now occupied by the Brunswick 
 Tannery, at Hoytville. Here he remained until 1874, when he removed into Delmar 
 township, four miles south of Wellsboro. In 1878 he went to Kansas, remaining 
 until 1880, when he and his family returned to Tioga county and settled three miles 
 south of "Wellsboro, where he died July 22, 1881, aged fifty-two years. Mr. Brill was 
 married in June, 1854, to Elizabeth Harrison, a daughter of John Harrison, an 
 early settler of Lycoming county. Eight children were the fruits of this union, viz: 
 Sarah J., who died in infancy; Louis, who was drowned when eight years old; George, 
 Mary A., deceased; John P., Emma, deceased; Cora E., wife of John W. Lloyd, of 
 Wellsboro, and Catherine H., wife of J. W. Smith, of Galeton, Potter county. George 
 was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, February 21, 1859, and John P. in 
 Lycoming county, January 24, 1863, but were reared in Tioga county until 1878, 
 when they went to Kansas with their parents, whence the family returned to Tioga 
 county two years later. In 1884 the Brill brothers purchased their present farm of 
 100 acres in the northwestern part of Wellsboro, where they have since resided with 
 their mother. They rank among the reputable farmers of the county. In politics, 
 they are Eepublicans. 
 
 Lyman Colbs was born June 1, 1806, in Chenango county, Kew York, received 
 a common school education, and became a farmer and lumberman. He married 
 Electa Sellick, in Smithville, Chenango county. New York. She was a daughter 
 of Capt. James Sellick, a soldier of the War of 1812, the canteen carried by him 
 during that conflict being now the treasured possession of his grandson, W. E. Coles, 
 of Wellsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Coles were the parents of three children: James S., 
 deceased; Mandeville S., a merchant of Stony Pork, and W. E., of Wellsboro. Mr. 
 Coles came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1864, whither he had been preceded 
 by his sons, then in business at Stony Pork. Here he located and lived retired, having 
 previously accumulated a competence by yeajs of active industry. He died December 
 25, 1886. His wife, who was born December 29, 1814, died November 2, 1885. 
 
 William Eiley Coles, youngest son of Lyman and Electa (Sellick) Coles, was 
 bom in Smithville, Chenango county. New York, November 11, 1841, where he 
 received a common school education. He came to Delmar township, Tioga county, 
 in 1862, but did not take up his residence here until the following year, when he 
 became a partner with his brothers in a store at Stony Pork. They continued 
 together until 1865, when the subject of this sketch took charge of the hotel at Stony 
 Pork, which he conducted until 1868. He then engaged in lumbering and in 1871 
 built a steam saw-mill, the first in that section, just below Stony Pork. This he 
 operated until August, 1872, when he came to Wellsboro and purchased the livery 
 stable on Pearl street, now owned by Samuel E. Smith. He was actively connected 
 with the stable for five years, and retained an interest in it until 1888. In 1877 he 
 became a partner with his brother. James S., in the management of the Coles House, 
 previously known as the Bunnell House, the firm being J. S. & W. E. Coles. Here he 
 remained until 1882, when he went to Tioga and took charge of the Park Hotel, 
 which he managed for nearly five years. In 1887 he went to Los Angeles, Cali- 
 fornia, where he remained for a short time. After keeping hotel for a year in Gilroy, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 719 
 
 and spending about a year in San Francisco, in business, he returned to Tioga county 
 in 1890 and leased the hotel in Elldand, now known as the Sandbach House, which 
 he conducted until November, 1893. He then came to Wellsboro, and succeeded his 
 brother, James S., — who died two months later — as landlord of the Coles House, for- 
 merly known as the Parkhurst House. On August 1, 1896, Mr. Coles bought this 
 property of the estate of the late Charles L. Pattison, and has since spent considerable 
 money in repairing and improving it. Mr. Coles was married February 14, 1861, 
 to Lydia A. Knickerbocker, a daughter of Jared Knickerbocker, of Smithville. She 
 became the mother of two children, viz: Dora E., widow of William H. Eoberts, of 
 Wellsboro, and Flora D., wife of Mark Wetherbee, of Broeton, Chautauqua county. 
 New York. Mrs. Coles died October 5, 1876, aged thirty-seven years. On Sep- 
 tember 32, 1892, he marriedMiss Nellie Manning. In politics, Mr. Coles is a Eepubli- 
 can. He is a member of Ossea Lodge, No. 317, P. & A. M.; Tyagaghton Com- 
 mandery. No. 28, K. T., and Elkland Lodge, No. 800, 1. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Henet Smith was bom in Orange county. New York, January 18, 1834, and 
 died in Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1896. He was a son of 
 Samu:el B. and Hiley (Caskey) Smith, natives of New York state, where both died. 
 Henry was reared in his native county, there attended the common schools, and when 
 eighteen years of age became a member of the'firm of Masterson & Smith, and en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of wheelbarrows. At the end of eighteen months he en- 
 tered the employ of the New York, Lake Erie and Western railroad as an oil man, 
 but after six weeks was promoted to assistant conductor, which position he filled two 
 years. He was then made conductor of a freight train and worked as such up to 1865 
 when he was promoted to the conductorship of a passenger train, which he held con- 
 tinuously until 1886. In that year he went to Danville, Illinois, ran a railroad res- 
 taurant for eight months, and then located in Horseheads, New York, where he 
 operated a brickyard four years. On January 8, 1891, he came to Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, and in partnership with a Mr. Austin purchased the livery stables of M. L. 
 Klock. The firm of Smith & Austin carried on the business up to April, 1893, when 
 Mr. Smith bought out his partner and conducted the business alone until the time 
 of his death. In 1862 he married Helen M. Everett, a daughter of Bennett Everett, 
 of Orange county. New York. She is the mother of two children, Alice E., wife of 
 W. D. Eeynolds, of Horseheads, New York, and Samuel E., who has had charge of the 
 livery stables since the death of his father. Mr. Smith was a member of the Order 
 of Eailway Conductors, and also of the Knights of Honor. Of a quiet, retiring dis- 
 position, he mixed very little in public affairs, devoting his whole attention to the 
 prosecution of his business. His life was one of steady, persistent industry, and 
 was marked by strict integrity and a high sense of business honor. 
 
 Fbank S. Dunkle, proprietor of the Wilcox House, was born in Hublersburg, 
 Centre county, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1855, a son of Michael and Julia (Camer) 
 Dunkle, natives of this State. His father was a blacksmith, and followed that trade 
 the greater portion of his life. Michael Dunkle's family consisted of eleven children, 
 seven of whom are living, viz: John, a hotel-keeper in Eidgway; Julia, widow of 
 John W. Bailey, of Wellsboro; William, a hotel clerk at Jersey Shore; Fremont, a res- 
 ident of Beech Creek; Prank S., of Wellsboro; Forest, a hotel-keeper of Jersey Shore, 
 and Annie, who resides at Beech Creek. Frank S. was reared and educated in his 
 
720 HISTOBY OP TIOGA COtTNTY. , 
 
 native town, and when seventeen years of age began clerking in a hotel at Jersey 
 Shore, which position he filled for five years. He then located at Beech Creek, and 
 later took a contract to build a portion of the Beech Creek railroad. He also served 
 as a constable while there. In the spring of 1884 he came to Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, and conducted the pool and billiard room in the Coles House five years, and 
 then went to Jersey Shore, where he carried on the Junction House for fifteen 
 months, the Globe Hotel for one year, and the Hotel Dunkle eighteen months. On 
 November 1, 1892, he returned to Wellsboro to take charge of the Wilcox House, 
 which he has since conducted successfully. Mr. Dunkle was married in March, 1893, 
 to Miss Anna Jackson, a daughter of John Jackson, of Wellsboro, and has one son, 
 Donald Eoss. Mr. Dunkle is a member of the P. & A. M., the I. 0. 0. F., and the 
 Knights of the Golden Eagle. 
 
 DELMAE T0V7NSHIP. 
 
 Daniel Habvby Bacon was born in Farmington, Litchfield county, Con- 
 necticut, about the year 1764, and was a son of Daniel Bacon, a grandson of Daniel 
 Bacon, and a great-grandson of Daniel Bacon, Sr., who came from England to 
 America prior to the Revolution and settled in Middletown, Connecticut. Daniel 
 H. married Lydia Ellis, a native of Massachusetts, at Owego, New York, where he 
 located about the yeart 1796. Seven children were the fruits of this union, viz: 
 Chauncey, Oliver, Hannah, Nancy, Lewis, Chloe and Daniel. Mrs. Bacon died, 
 and he was again married, to Mary Zuber, who bore him five children, viz: Caleb, 
 John, Lucy, Hector and Homer. Mr. Bacon and family came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1815, and located on Marsh creek, then within the limits of 
 Delmar township. He remained there five years, and in 1830 purchased the farm 
 on which his grandson, Oliver, now lives. On this farm he spent the remaining 
 years of his life, dying in 1850. 
 
 Oliver Bacon, second son of Daniel Harvey and Lydia (Ellis) Bacon, was 
 born in Candor, Tioga county, New York, in 1801, and came with his parents to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, when fourteen years of age, where he grew to manhood. 
 He married Catherine Houghton, a daughter of Simeon Houghton, and settled 
 on the farm in Delmar township purchased by his father in 1820. He reared the 
 following children: Chauncey and Eunice, both deceased; Simeon, a farmer of 
 Delmar; Eli, deceased; Ferris, a clerk in the railroad office at Newberry, Lycoming 
 county; Daniel, deceased; Lydia, wife of George F. Butler, of Delmar; Esther, 
 wife of James Vandergrift, of Delmar; Aseph, a resident of Missouri; Oliver, who 
 lives upon the old homestead in Delmar, and Seth, a resident of Wellsboro. Mr. 
 Bacon died upon his farm in Delmar, where the greater portion of his life was passed. 
 His widow lives with her son Oliver. She was born in Otsego county, New York, 
 August 36, 1805, and is one of the oldest residents in the township. 
 
 Simeon Bacon was born upon the Bacon farm, in Delmar township, Tioga 
 county, June 12, 1830, and is the oldest living child of Oliver and Catherine Bacon. 
 He obtained his education in the district schools of his native township, and with 
 the exception of two years that he was engaged in operating a grist-mill, erected 
 by himself in Delmar, he has devoted his whole attention to agricultural pursuits, 
 owning a fine farm of 235 acres six miles southwest of Wellsboro. In 1864 he 
 
/<^ 
 
 ' yi^^yriAz^-^^ 
 
 <Mc 
 
 CL<l^^^<L^ 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 721 
 
 enlisted in Company K, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 was honorably discharged from the service in June, 1865. On May 30, 1868, he 
 married Frances Skelton, born July 8, 1841, in Wilberforce, England, a daughter 
 of George and Elizabeth Skelton, and then located on his present farm, adjoining 
 the old homestead. They have one daughter, May, now the wife of F. 6. Nordstrom. 
 Mrs. Bacon and daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politi- 
 cally, Mr. Bacon is a Eepublican, has served nine years as a school director, one 
 year as auditor, and five years as justice of the peace. He is one of the substantial, 
 enterprising farmers of his native township. 
 
 OnTEE Bacon, Jk., son of Oliver and Catherine Bacon, was born November 
 14, 1845, upon his present homestead in Delmar township, Tioga county. He was 
 educated in the common schools, and has devoted his entire attention to farming 
 pursuits. September 6, 1869, he marled Elsie M. Bartle, a daughter of Andrew and 
 Maria Bartle. She bore him one son, Walter A., bom September 9, 1875, whc 
 married Addie Callahan. He is a farmer by occupation. Mrs. Bacon died Januarj 
 29, 1877, and he was again married February 14, 1883, to Jennie Bunnell, a daughter 
 of James and Euretta Bunnell, of Chenango county. New York. In politics, Mr. 
 Bacon is a Eepublican, and has served as a school director for three years and 
 assessor one year. He is the owner of a farm of 335 acres, 300 acres of which are 
 under cultivation. By the application of approved and scientific methods in its 
 cultivation, and the exercise of good judgment in its equipment, he has made it 
 one of the model and profit-paying farms of the county. Mr. Bacon is a thorough 
 business man, and attributes his success to a strict adherence to sound business 
 principles in the management of his farm. He gives his personal attention to every 
 detail, and as a result, every tilled acre is in the very best possible condition for 
 profitable production. In 1894 he purchased a property in Wellsboro, where he in- 
 tends spending the evening of a busy and successful life retired from the cares of 
 business. 
 
 William Ebeeektz immigrated from Germany to Pennsylvania in 1817, when 
 he was but sixteen years of age, and soon after located in Tioga county. Here he 
 married Mary Hoover, a daughter of Dr. Samuel Hoover, who lived near Wellsboro, 
 and immediately settled on a tract of timber land which he purchased from Morris, 
 paying $1.50 an acre for it in county orders, which he earned by clearing up the 
 public square in Wellsboro, then covered with timber and underbrush. The young 
 couple were very industrious and practiced the most rigid economy. They reared 
 a family of six children, viz: Mary, wife of Edwin Matson, Sr.; John, who was 
 drowned when twenty-one years old; Canelia, deceased wife of Elisha Brown; 
 Margaret, deceased wife of H. Guernsey; Charles, who died in 1883, and Caroline, 
 wife of James H. Smith. The wilderness condition of the country may be realized 
 by the reader of to-day when infomnied that Mrs. Eberenz used to say that she did 
 not see the face of a white woman for three years after moving into their cabin. 
 She made moccasins for her children out of deer skins, and the family knew only 
 bear and deer meat, while their couch at night was composed of the skins of wild 
 animals. No luxuries entered that humble cabin. Grain was scarce and flour 
 hard to obtain. At that time the county contained less than 500 taxable inhabi- 
 tants and Wellsboro had less than a dozen log houses. Mr. Eberenz was a sub- 
 
 46 
 
722 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 stantial citizen and left to his son Charles one of the finest farms in Delmar. He 
 was remarkable for his pleasant disposition and social qualities, and the quaint 
 sayings and humorous anecdotes of "Uncle Billy Eberenz," as he was familiarly 
 called, are well remembered by the older residents of Wellsboro. He spent three 
 score years on the farm which he carved out of the forest with his own hands, and 
 died May 31, 1880, at the age of seventy-nine years. His wife died December 37, 
 1865, aged seventy years. They passed through the trials and vicissitudes of pioneer 
 life, and when they died an abundance of the good things of life surrounded their 
 home. 
 
 Charles Ebeeenz was born on the Eberenz farm in Delmar township, Tioga 
 county, youngest son of William Eberenz. He was reared upon the homestead, 
 attended the common schools of the district in boyhood, and followed agriculture all 
 his life. He married Sarah Brubaker, and reared three children, viz: Mary E., 
 wife of John Brubaker; Julia, who died at the age of eighteen, and William B., of 
 Delmar. Mr. Eberenz and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and both died in that faith. He was one of the active Democrats of his township, 
 and always took a deep interest in public affairs. 
 
 William B. Ebeeenz was born on the old homestead in Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, September 1, 1856, and is the youngest child of Charles Eberenz, 
 and grandson of William Eberenz, the pioneer. He attended the common schools 
 during his boyhood years, and has since devoted his attention to farming. He 
 has been twice married. His first wife was Carrie D. Bartle, and bore him one 
 daughter, Sarah, born October 37, 1883. Mrs. Eberenz died September 37, 1884, 
 and on December 15, 1886, he married Lettie Kizer, a daughter of William Kizer, 
 of Wellsboro, who has borne him two children, viz: Harold, born April 34, 1889, 
 and Florence lone, born November 8, 1895. The Eberenz farm, containing 380 
 acres, is one of the model farms of Delmar, and Mr. Eberenz carries on a dairy in con- 
 nection therewith. In polities, he is an ardent Democrat, and one of the respected 
 farmers of the township. 
 
 Zenas Pn5LD, a native of Massachusetts, born March 1, 1776, came from Ver- 
 mont to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and purchased 154 acres of land in 
 Delmar township. Building his cabin in the midst of the primitive forest he went 
 bravely to work to make a home for himself and family. He was a stonemason and 
 worked at his trade in connection with his farm duties. He was married in Vermont 
 to Polly Pollett, who bore him a family of seven children, viz: Eliphas, Isaac P., 
 Eoxeylana, Moses D., Nelson and Mary, all of whom are dead, and Lucinda, deceased 
 wife of Charles Billings, of Nebraska. Mr. Field and wife continued to live on the 
 homestead in Delmar until their death. 
 
 Isaac P. Field, son of Zenas Field, was born in A^'ermont, August 9, 1805, and 
 came with his parent* to Delmar township, Tioga countj^, when about twelve years 
 old. He assisted them in clearing and improving the old homestead, which became 
 his property at their death. He married Catherine McCarty, and reared three chil- 
 dren, viz: Daniel, of Delmar; Bispa, wife of Charles M. Dartt, of Kansas City, 
 Missouri, and Everett, who died at the age of eighteen. Mr. Field continued to 
 reside in Delmar up to his death, in 1878; his wife died in November, 1885. 
 
 Daniel Field, only living son of Isaac P. Field, and grandson of Zenas Field, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 723 
 
 ■was bom in Delmar township, May 1, 1824. He was reared on the homestead, 
 obtained his education in the common schools, and has followed farming and lum- 
 bering since eariy manhood. In 1857 he purchased from his father 150 acres of 
 land southwest of Wellsboro, upon which he has since resided, but has sold off 
 forty acres of the original tract. On July 14, 1853, he married Lovisa F. Webb, 
 to which union have been born eleven children, viz: AVilbur I., of Wellsboro; Otis, 
 who died at the age of twenty-three; Frank E., of Delmar; Ferdinand E., Orrin 
 D., and Ransford W., all residents of Wellsboro; Arthur G., of Delmar; Harry B., 
 weighmaster for the Fall Brook Railroad Company at Corning, New York; Perley 
 W., who lives in Wellsboro; Minnie C, wife of Elwin Steele, of Delmar, and Vinnie 
 C, who lives at home. Mr. Field is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and also of tlie 
 Grange. In polities, a Republican, he has filled the offices of supervisor, justice of 
 the peace and collector. 
 
 Feedinand R. Field was bom in Delmar township, Tioga eoimty, J\me 5, 
 1859, a son of Daniel Field. He was educated in the common schools, and for sev- 
 eral years after arriving at manhood devoted his attention to farming in summer 
 and working in the woods in the winter season. He also operated a threshing ma- 
 chine for six years. In 1890 he and S. L. Herrington built the Wellsboro Roller 
 Mills, but in 1893 he sold his interest and engaged in mercantile business with W. 
 A. Hammond, continuing it eighteen months. He has since followed farming and 
 shipping, commenciQg the latter business several years ago. In July, 1896, his 
 brother, Ransford W., became his partner, and the firm has since been F. E. & R. 
 W. Field. On September 3, 1873, Mr. Field married Mary L. Mills, a daughter 
 of Samuel and Mary Mills, of Round Top, Charleston township, and has one daugh- 
 ter, Addie M. Politically, he is a Republican, and has filled the offices of assessor, 
 constable and collector of Delmar, holding the latter office from 1886 to 1890. In 
 religion he is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is connected with the I. 0. 
 0. F., both Lodge and Encampment, and also with the K. 0. T. M. and the P. of H. 
 
 Ransfoed W. Field was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, June 33, 
 1861, and is a son of Daniel Field. He was reared on the home farm and obtained 
 his education in the common schools of Delmar, the High School of Wellsboro ajid 
 Williamsport Commercial College, from which he graduated in 1884. He taught 
 school and farmed until January 1, 1895, when he was appointed a deputy sheriff, 
 which position he filled until July 1, 1896, at which time he became a member of 
 the present firm of F. E. & R. W. Field, wholesale dealers in hay, grain and general 
 produce. Mr. Field was married April 36, 1887, to Jennie M. Roland, a daughter 
 of H. C. and Sarah Roland, of Delmar, and has one son. Fay. In politics, he is a 
 Republican, and is also a member of the I. 0. O. F. and the P. of H. 
 
 Moses D. Field was born in Vermont, March 18, 1810, a son of Zenas and 
 Polly Field, and was about seven years old when- his parents came to Tioga county. 
 He was reared on the homestead, and devoted his entire life to farming and lumber- 
 ing, a portion of the time on the home farm settled by his father. He married Amy 
 Walker, a daughter of Joseph and Loretta (Greene) Walker, November 9, 1834, and 
 to them were bom the following children: Delos and Ethan, both deceased; Darwin 
 S., of Delmar; Charles, who resides in the west; George, of Lawrence township; 
 Flora L., deceased; Henry, who lives in the west, and Herman, deceased. Amanda 
 
>J24: HISTOET 01" TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 M. Dewey was adopted by Mr. and Mrs. Field when an infant, and is the wife of 
 John Butler, of Delmar. Mr. Field died May 14, 1888. His widow resides with 
 her son, Darwin S. The family are adherents of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 in which faith Mr. Field lived and died. In politics, he was a Eepubliean, and 
 filled the office of constable, also collector, in Delmar. 
 
 Daewin S. Field, oldest living child of Moses D. Field, was bom in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, July 13, 1842. He grew to manhood upon the homestead 
 farm, and was educated in the common schools and Wellsboro Academy. He 
 worked on the home farm and in the lumber woods until his majority, and then 
 continued to cultivate rented farms on shai-es for sixteen years. In the meantime 
 he had purchased his present fann in Delmar, and settled upon it in the spring of 
 1883. It is located at the southern limits of Wellsboro, and contains sixty-seven 
 acres. Mr. Field has operated a threshing machine during the fall seasons for 
 the past fourteen years, and also runs a hay press and power wood-saw. August 
 2, 1863, he married Lurania Torpy, a daughter of Joseph and Artemishia (Balch) 
 Torpy, and has two children, viz: Stella J., wife of Delbert H. Darby, of Hoytville, 
 and Ella M., wife of Charles Benauer, of Delmar township. Mr. and Mrs. Field 
 are members of the Patrons of Husbandry, and he is also connected with the I. 0. 
 0. F., both Lodge and Encampment. In politics, a Eepubliean, he has served as 
 township supervisor two terms. 
 
 Allen Butlee, a native of Vermont, bom May 14, 1771, married Susanna 
 Borden, of !N"ew Hampshire, and in 1817 came to Tioga count}', Pennsylvania, and 
 settled on the present Butler farm in Delmar township. Here he resided until his 
 death, January 9, 1846. His wife died January 15, 1850. They were the parents 
 of nine children, named as follows: Belinda, Betsey, Allen, Hartford, Wellman, 
 Eunice, Dolly, Selden and Crete. 
 
 Wellman- Butlee was bom in New Hampshire, October 39, 1801, a son of 
 Allen and Susanna Butler. He was sixteen years old when the family came to this 
 county, and the balance of his life was spent on the old homestead in Delmar town- 
 ship, where he devoted his entire attention to agiieulture. In 1823 he married 
 Nancy Ehoads, a native of New Hampshire, who bore him five children, viz: Well- 
 man S., a resident of Nebraska; Nancy J., deceased wife of Benjamin Wilcox; John 
 M., of Delmar township: George F-, a resident of Stokesdale, and I>aniel, who lives 
 in the west. Mrs. Butler died July 30, 1834, and he was again married Februai;y 
 23, 1835, to Margaret M. Steel, who bore him two children: Harlon, deceased, and 
 Margaxet B., wife of Alva Kennedy, a resident of Minnesota. Mr. Butler and wife 
 were members of the Free Will Baptist church, in which he filled the office of dea- 
 con. They died upon the old homestead in Delmar township. 
 
 John M. Butlee was born upon his present farm in Delmar township, Tioga 
 county, January 15, 1830, attended the district schools in boyhood, aaid has always 
 lived upon the same place. In early life he spent his winters in the lumber woods, 
 and was well known as a pilot on the West Branch of the Susquehanna. With the 
 exception of that period, he has devoted his whole attention to agricultural pursuits. 
 The Butler farm contains 144 acres, and he makes dairying a specialty. Mr. But- 
 ler was married June 10, 1852, to Amanda M. Dewey, an adopted daughter of Moses 
 D. Field, who has borne him four children, viz: Allen, Amy Adella, who married 
 
BI06KAPHICAL SKETCHES. 725 
 
 Adelbert Warner, of Morris, and has one daughter, Grace; Charles 6., who married 
 Jennie Ailen, and has had six children. Hazel, .Dewain, Bernice, Ruth, one that died 
 in infancy, and Fay J.; and Grace, wife of Miles Blackwell, of Blaekwells, Tioga 
 county, who has one son, Milon E. Mrs. Butler is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and both she and her husband are connected with the Patrons 
 of Husbandry. Their sons, Allen and Charles G., live upon the home farm and 
 assist in its cultivation. In polities, the family are supporters of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 Simeon' Houghton, a native of Massachusetts, and by trade a carpenter, came 
 to Otsego county. New York, where he followed his trade for some years. On 
 April 10, 1818, he located on the present Houghton farm in Delmax township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, which was then covered with the primitive forest. He erected 
 a cabin and began the work of making a home for himself and family. He had 
 previously married Rachel Dean, who bore him a family of six children, viz: Cath- 
 erine, widow of Oliver Bacon, who resides with her son Oliver in Delmar township; 
 Eerris, Jemima, Jeremiah, Olive and Esther, all of whom are dead. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Houghton passed the remaining years of their lives in this county. 
 
 Jeremiah Houghton, born in Otsego county, New York, April 10, 1813, came 
 to Tioga county with his parents when five years old. He was reared on the farm 
 in Delmar, and spent his entire life in this county on the same property, settled by 
 his father in 1818. He married Susan F. Horton, a daughter of Thomas Horton, 
 of Delmar, who bore him five children, viz: Charles, a wagonmaker at Tiadaghton; 
 Sylvester, a wagonmaker in Wellsboro; P]dgar, a resident of Morris; Thomas, of 
 Delmar, and "William L., who died at the age of twenty-seven years. Mr. Houghton 
 was an active Republican, in politics, and both he and his wife were members of 
 the Baptist church. He was a justice of the peace for some twelve years, and died 
 on Ms farm, April 30, 1886. His widow resides with her son Thomas in that town- 
 ship. 
 
 Thomas Houghton, youngest living child of Jeremiah Houghton, was born 
 on his present homestead in Delmar township, Tioga county, April 33, 1847, there 
 grew to manhood, and purchased the farm from his father in 1876, since which 
 time he has devoted his attention to its cultivation. On October 9, 1888, he mar- 
 ried Mary Vandergrift, a daughter of James Vandergrift, of Delmar, and has two 
 children, Mazie and Blanche. Mrs. Houghton is a member of the Baptist church. 
 In politics, Mr. Houghton is a Republican, and has filled the offices of township 
 clerk and treasurer one term each. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. E., and the P. of 
 H., in which he takes an active interest. 
 
 John Eellows, a native of Connecticut, born in 1774, came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, about 1824, and purchased a farm near Wellsboro, where he resided 
 until his death, in 18.53, aged seventy-nine years. He married Edna Dabold, of 
 Connecticut, who bore him seven children, viz: Erastus, Asahel, Edwin, Horace, 
 Hulda, widow of David Heise, Merrit and Eliza. Mrs. Eellows died at the home 
 of her daughter, Hulda, in 1876, aged ninety-three years. 
 
 Asahel Eellows was born in Canaan, Litchfield county, Connecticut, Novem- 
 ber 23, 1803, and came with his parents to Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He soon 
 after boxight a farm in Delmar township, upon which he resided until his death. 
 
726 HISTOBT OF TIOGA OOTJNTT. 
 
 March 2, 1889. He married Elvira Puller, December 14, 1835. She was bom 
 JSToYember 26, 1810, and became the mother of six children, as follows: Elijah J., 
 who died December 15, 1854, in his twenty-seventh j'ear; Eliza J., wife of Fred 
 Sticktey, of Wellsboro; Polly M., who died June 37, 1861, in her twenty-fourth year; 
 George Leroy, of Delmar; Sarali M., wife of Melvin Boyden, and Edna, wife of 
 Joseph Benauer, both of whom live in Delmar township. Mrs. Fellows died April 
 5, 1893, in her eighty-third year. 
 
 Geohgb Leeoy Fellows was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, Novem- 
 ber 9, 1839, and on attaining his majority took charge of the homestead farm, upon 
 which he has spent his entire life, engaged in agricultural pursuits. On November 
 36, 1863, he married Ehoda Hoag, of Delmar, and has one son, Edwin D., bom 
 January 38, 1 867. The latter married Carrie Holiday, and has two children, Berniee 
 and Errick. Mrs. Fellows died November 37, 1896, aged fifty-one years. 
 
 Benjamin Fuhman, a native of Pennsylvania, bom May 4, 1771, came from 
 Northumberland county to Tioga county, about 1833, and located on Pine creek, 
 at what is now known as Furmantown. Three years later he purchased a farm ia 
 Delmar township upon which he passed the remaining years af his life. He mar- 
 ried Jane Wilkinson, who bore him six children, named as follows: Harkley and 
 Edie, both deceased; Coleman, a resident of Coming, New York; Wilkinson, and 
 Daniel, both farmers of Delmar, and Jane, deceased. The mother died upon the 
 old homestead in Delmar. 
 
 Wilkinson Fuekan was bom in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, Sep- 
 tember 31, 1831, and was about two years old when his parents came to this county. 
 After attaining his majority, he purchased fifty-three acres a short distance north- 
 west of Stony Fork, where he has since devoted his attention to farming. Mr. 
 Furman was married May 11, 1844, to Caroline Morsman, a daughter of Silas Mors- 
 man, of Charleston township. She was bom September 11, 1834, and is the mother 
 of three children, viz: George Bertron, bom April 35, 1846, who was killed by the 
 cars in St. Louis, Missouri, January 16, 1873; Mary J., wife of Thomas Horton, 
 of Shippen township, and Sarah A., who married Charles A. Buckley, and died 
 October 20, 1888. In politics, Mr. Furman is a Eepublican, and is also a member 
 of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 William Howe was bom in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, August 
 38, 1806, a son of Nathan and Catherine (Furman) Howe, of English and German 
 ancestry. He was reared and educated in his native coimty, and when twenty-two 
 years of age came to Tioga county, where he purchased 100 acres of forest land 
 in Delmar township, now knowm as the Howe farm. He cleared and improved his 
 property, and resided upon it until his death, June 33, 1887. He married Chloe 
 Bacon, a daughter of Daniel Bacon, of Delmar township, who bore him five children, 
 viz: Lydia, wife of W. W. English, of Delmar; John W., who died at the age of 
 nineteen; Emma E., deceased wife of W. W. English; Morris D., of Delmar, and 
 Oliver B., who died at the age of eleven years. Mr. Howe was a member of the 
 Methodist church, and in politics, an ardent Eepublican. Mrs. Howe was a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist church. She resided with her son, Morris D., on the old home- 
 stead until her death, December 29, 1894, at the age of eighty-two years. 
 
 MoHEis D. Howe, only living son of William Howe, was born upon his present 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 727 
 
 farm in Delmar township, Tioga county, June 23, 1850, and has spent his entire life 
 thereon. He attended the public schools of his district, and when twenty-one years 
 old began -n-orking the farm on shares, which he continued for six years, and then 
 purchased it from his father. In 1884 he rented a hay press, and in 1886 purchased 
 one, which he has operated each fall and winter season since. He has also worked at 
 lumbering more or less for some years. In ] 891, in partnership with J. Bottom & 
 Company, he purchased a timber tract of 657 acres on Cedar run, and they have 
 taken the timber off about one-half of it. In 1892 he built a feed-mill, to which 
 he added a shingle-mill in 1893, both of which he has operated since their erection. 
 Mr. Howe was married January 26, 1870, to Isabel "Willard, a daughter of Joseph 
 Willard, of Delmar, to which union have been bom iive children, viz: Euth, Homer 
 B., Eena B., Fred, and one that died in infancy. Politically, Mr. Howe is a Eepubli- 
 can, and has been a justice of the peace since 1890. He is a member of Stony 
 Fork Lodge, No. 564, 1. 0. 0. F. 
 
 William Lee Spencee was born in Connecticut, and was a farmer, millwright 
 and miller. He married Senie Phelps, who bore him three children, all of whom 
 are dead: Lyman, Orange and James. Mrs. Spencer died, and some years later 
 he was again married, to which union were born two children, Thomas and Jonathan, 
 both of whom reside in the west. After his second marriage he came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania^ where both he and his wife spent the remaining years of 
 their lives. 
 
 Ltman Spencee, eldest child of William Lee and Senie (Phelps) Spencer, came 
 with his parents to Tioga county. He learned the miller's trade with his father, 
 and after his marriage located on a rented farm near Mansfield, where he lived a few 
 years, and later lived on a farm near Stokesdale, until his removal to Van Etten- 
 ville. New York. Four years afterward he returned to Tioga county, and made his 
 home with his son, Alenson, until his death, July 16, 1875, in his seventy-ninth 
 year. Mr. Spencer married Asenath Eumsey, who bore him a family of twelve 
 children, viz: Carlonas, a resident of Iowa; Massanello, who died in infancy; 
 Lorenzo D., a resident of Oxford, Teniiessee; Lorensa A., deceased; Loretta, wife 
 of Argalus Ford, of Mainesburg; Alenson, of Delinar; Asenath, deceased; Can- 
 sonetta, widow of G-eorge Kress; Blyman A., of Delmar; Britianna, wife of E. B. 
 Pond, of Wellsboro; Massanello, a resident of Delmar, and James C, of the same 
 township. Mrs. Spencer died April 11, 1865, in the sixty-seventh year of her age. 
 
 Alenson Spencee, millwright and carpenter, was born in Mainesburg, Tioga 
 county, October 19, 1826, a son of Lyman and Asenath Spencer. He was reared 
 on a farm, and when twenty-six years old commenced working at the carpenter's 
 trade, which he followed three years. For the succeeding twenty-four years he 
 operated a saw and grist-mill in Wellsboro, for John Dickinson. At the end of 
 this time he removed to his present farm in Delmar, but after four years returned 
 to Wellsboro, ajid in partnership with Edward C. Dickinson, erected the present 
 grist-mill, which they operated together three years. He then purchased Mr. Dick- 
 inson's interest and conducted the mill alone for three years, after which he re- 
 turned to his farm in the spring of 1891. It contains 237 acres, purchased during 
 the time he worked for John Dickinson, and is located two miles north of Wellsboro. 
 Mr. Spencer was married January 2, 1853, to Catherine S. Hiltbold, a daughter of 
 
728 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Henry and Phoebe (Furman) Hiltbold, of Delmar. Eleven children have been bom 
 to this marriage, viz: A. Edward, who man-ied Ada Leisenring, and operates the 
 grist-mill in Wellsboro; Samantha V., wife of Horatio Culver, of Delmar; Susan 
 M., wife of L. M. Fleming, of Wellsboro; Henry L., of Delmar, who married Martha 
 Fleming; James D., deceased; Lizzie D., wife of George K. Johnson, of Delmar; 
 Sadie A., deceased; William W., a resident of Wellsboro, who married Anna Leisen- 
 ring; Lucy May, wife of L. A. Goodwin, of Stony Fork; Eichard E., of Delmar, 
 who married Mary Powlison, and Fannie D., who married W. F. Dewey, of Wells- 
 boro. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are members of the Protestant Episcopal church, and 
 in politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 IsEAEL Stone, a native of Massachusetts, born in 1801, came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1832, and purchased fifty acres of land in Delmar township, upon 
 which he passed the remaining years of his life. He was twice married, first to Abbie 
 Dean, in Massachusetts, who bore him five children, viz: Adaline, wife of Henry 
 Wilson, of Delmar; Abigail and Dewite, both deceased; Orrin, a resident of Broome 
 county, 'Rew York, and Eugene Howard, of Delmar. Mrs. Stone died in February, 
 1844. He was again married, to Amanda A. Howe, who bore him two children, viz: 
 William A., a prominent lawyer and congressman of Pittsburg, and Israel G., a resi- 
 dent of Delmar township. In politics, Mr. Stone was originally a Whig and later 
 a Eepublican. He was assessor of Delmar for several years, also township clerk and 
 treasurer for a number of terms, a county auditor for three terms, and a school 
 director for a long period. He was a member of the Congregational church, and 
 died in that faith, November 9, 1887. Mr. Stone was one of the progressive, enter- 
 prising and successful citizens of the county, and was highly respected by the com- 
 munity in which he lived. 
 
 Eugene Howaed Stone was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, January 
 31, 1843, and is the youngest child of Israel and Abbie Stone. He was reared on 
 the homestead farm, and in August, 1861, when but nineteen years old, he enlisted 
 in Company E, Forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, known as the "Bucktails," 
 and participated in the following battles: South Mountain, Antietam and Mechanics- 
 vUle, where he was taken prisoner, June 37, 1863, and held forty days in Libby 
 and Belle Isle prisons. He was then exchanged and returned to his regiment, and 
 served until August 7, 1864, when he was honorably discharged, at Petersburg, 
 Virginia. Eetuming to his home in Tioga county, he worked on his father's farm 
 for six years, and subsequently cultivated a farm in Charleston township on shares 
 two years. He then purchased a farm in Shippen township, but at the end of a 
 year sold it and went to Pawnee county, Kansas, and took up 160 acres of land. 
 He remained there some three years, then sold out and returned to the old home- 
 stead, on which he lived one year. At the end of this time he purchased a farm in 
 Shippen township, lived upon it four years, and subsequently four years more on 
 the home farm. Eetuming to his farm in Shippen, he resided there until the spring 
 of 1893, when he bought his present farm in Delmar, adjoining his Shippen farm, 
 both embracing 190 acres. Mr. Stone was married November 9, 1864, to Sarah, a 
 daughter of Ephraim Francis, of Charleston township. They are the parents of 
 four children, viz: Frederick A., Mary A., wife of George Campbell, of Delmar; 
 Winifred A., and Sarah E. Politically, Mr. Stone is a Eepublican, and has served 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 729 
 
 as a school director in Shippen township one term, and supervisor three terms. He 
 is a member of the F. & A. M., the P. of H., the G. A. E. and the Union Veteran 
 Legion. 
 
 EoBEET Campbell was bom in Lodi, Seneca county. New York, May 3, 1809, 
 and was a son of Archibald and Elizabeth (Seely) Campbell. His father was bom 
 near Cork, Ireland, June 30, 1770, came to the United States after attaining his 
 majority, and located at Bath, Steuben county, New York. He married Elizabeth 
 Seely, bom in Newtown, now Elmira, New York, December 19, 1790, and subse- 
 quently located in Seneca county, where both he and wife died. They were the 
 parents of fourteen children, named as follows: Margaret, Eobert, James, Caroline, 
 Marthaline, Jane T., William P., Mary, Elizabeth, Newell T., Maria A., Abraham 
 M., Norman and Ann E. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county, 
 whence he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased the farm in Delmar 
 township now owned by his son William. After a short stay in Tioga county, he 
 returned to Lodi, New York, where he taught school for two years, then came back 
 to this county, taught school for four terms, and settled permanently on his farm. 
 On October 3, 1837, he married Jane S. Knight, a daughter of Luke and Jane 
 (Siiydam) Knight. She was born April 5, 1815, and became the mother of five 
 children, viz: Oscar, born January 3, 1839, a farmer in Delmar township; Edwin, 
 born April 7, 1840, a farmer in the same township; William, of Delmar; Franklia, 
 born October 1, 1845, and died March 31, 1856, and Maiy, bom August 14, 1848, wife 
 of Burt Schrader, of Tioga. Mr. Campbell and wife were members of the Presby- 
 terian church, and in politics, he was a stanch Democrat. He died upon his fajrm 
 in Delmar, June 11, 1890, and his wife, January 29, 1885. 
 
 William Campbell was born upon the homestead farm in Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, June 30, 1841, and is the third son of Eobert Campbell. He attended 
 the common schools of the district in boyhood, and has always lived upon the home 
 farm, which he purchased at his father's death. It contains 150 acres of well- 
 improved land, and he makes a specialty of dairy farming and sheep growing. On 
 September 19, 1882, he married Sarah Phinnie Bartle, a daughter of E. D. Bartle, 
 of Delmar township. They are the parents of four children, viz: Cora B., born 
 July 31, 1883; Franklin E., January 14, 1886; Harry C, March 16, 1890, and died 
 August 6, following, and Erwin B., bora October 13, 1893. Mr. Campbell is an 
 ardent Democrat, and may be safely classed among the leading farmers of his native 
 township. 
 
 James Campbell was born in Lodi, Seneca county, New York, July 33, 1812, 
 and is the oldest living child of Archibald and Elizabeth (Seely) Campbell. He 
 was reared upon a farm in his native county, and came to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1833, locating in Delmar township. Three years later he purchased the 
 farm now owned by his brother, William P., on which he lived a short time engaged 
 in clearing and improving it. In 1850 he purchased his present farm, but after five 
 years sold it and bought a farm in Sullivan township. He subsequently traded his 
 Sullivan farm for the one previously owned in Delmar township, on which he has 
 since resided. Mr. Campbell was married March 37, 1833, to Emma M. Ely, a 
 daughter of William and Fannie (Curry) Ely. She was born September 39, 1816, 
 and became the mother of eight children, viz: William E., born September 7, 1835, 
 
730 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and died November 5, 1837; Elizabeth C, born June 15, 1838, wife of Eugene Mil- 
 ler, of Slate Eun; I'ranees, born July 13, 1840, wife of Samuel Kendriek, of Stony 
 Eork; Margaxet, born May 4, 1844, wife of J. B. Wilcox, of Wellsboro; Archibald, 
 bom March 27, 1847, an insurance agent of New York City; Cornelia, born August 
 18, 1850, wife of Orrin Williams, of Wellsboro; Edward H., born February 9, 1852, 
 a resident of Delmar, and Harriet, bom January 16, 1854, wife of Thomas Frost, 
 of Elmira, New York. Mrs. Campbell died September 5, 1889, in the seventy-fourth 
 year of her age. Mr. Campbell resides with his son, Edward H., on the old home- 
 stead, and is one of the oldest citizens of Delmar. 
 
 Edward H. Campbell, a son of James Campbell, was born upon the farm 
 where he now resides, in Delmar township, Tioga county, February 9, 1852, attended 
 the district schools of his neighborhood, and has devoted his entire attention to 
 farming. On December 25, 1873, he married Sophia E. Bartle, a daughter of E. 
 D. Bartle, of Delmar township. They are the parents of four children, viz: Edith 
 I., born April 29, 1875, and died May 24, 1883; Tracy Elsworth, bom August 18, 
 1879; Cordelia, bom May 19, 1885, and one that died in infancy. In politics, Mr. 
 Campbell is a Democrat, and is also a member of the Knights of the Golden Eagle. 
 
 Newell T. Campbell, a prominent retired farmer of Delmar township, was 
 bom in Lodi, Seneca county. New York, June 28, 1837, a son of Archibald and 
 Elizabeth (Seely) Campbell. He was reared on a farm, and obtained a common 
 school education in his native county. In 1850 he came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and purchased a portion of his present farm in Delmar township, to which 
 he has added by subsequent purchases until he now owns one of the best farms in 
 this locality. Mr. Campbell was married December 3, 1857, to Angeline Houghton, 
 a daughter of Ferris H. Houghton, of Delmar, to which union have been born two 
 children, viz: Norman, who died at the age of twenty-seven, and Estella, who mar- 
 ried E. W. Toles, of Westfield, Tioga county, and died at the age of thirty-one years, 
 leaving one daughter, Myrtle. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell attend the Presbyterian 
 church of Wellsboro, and in politics, he is a stanch Democrat. He has been assistant 
 assessor of his township, and is recognized as one of the substantial citizens of Del- 
 mar, where he has lived for nearly half a century. 
 
 Simon G. Willcox, a native of Ehode Island, settled in Chenango county. New 
 York, in early life, and there remained until his eleven children were bom. He 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 184.3, and lived among his children. He 
 was twice married. His first wife, Anna Cartwright, a native of Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, bore him a family of six children, viz: Phoebe, deceased wife of Aaron 
 Symonds; Anna, deceased; Job, deceased; Mary D., deceased wife of Sylvanus 
 Moore, Jr.; Clarissa H., deceased wife of J. F. Townsend, and Simon. Some time 
 after the death of his first wife, Mr. Willcox married her sister Phoebe, who became 
 the mother of five sons, viz: Daniel B. and Benjamin C, both deceased; John D., of 
 Olmsville, Delmar township; Nathan F., deceased, and Ira L., a resident of Kansas. 
 Mr. Willcox died June 12, 1851, aged seventy-two years, and his wife, Phoebe, July 
 18, 1849, aged fifty-nine. 
 
 Job Willcox was born in Chenango county. New York, in 1807, eldest son of 
 Simon G. and Annie Willcox. He came to Tioga county in 1833, and purchased 
 timber lands at Bound Island, now Tiadaghton, where he followed lumbering up 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 73^ 
 
 to 1839. He then removed to "Wellsboro, formed a partnership with C. & J. L. Eob- 
 inson, and continued his lumber operations with these gentlemen, and also conducted 
 a store in the borough. Six years later he sold his interest in the store and bought 
 a large farm in Delmar township, and subsequently severed his business connection 
 with the Eobinsons in the lumber business. He was at times associated with some 
 of the well-known himbermen of the county, and his operations were extensive and 
 lucrative. Mr. Willcox was married in early manhood, to Asenath White, of 
 Chenango county, New York, who bore him seven children, viz: Charles C, of 
 Delmar township; Simon, deceased; Edwin and Edward, twins, the former deceased 
 and the latter a resident of Delmar township; Galusha B., also a resident of Delmar, 
 and George and Caroline, both of whom are dead. Mr. and Mrs. "Willcox died in 
 Delmar township, the former in May, 1874. 
 
 Chahles C. Willcox, oldest child of Job Willcox, was born in Chenango 
 county, New York, December 15, 18:39, and was in his fourth year when his parents 
 settled on Pine creek, in Tioga county. When twenty-one years old he began Job- 
 bing in the lumber woods, which occupation he followed ten years. He afterwards 
 piirchased a farm on Middle Eidge, lived on it a few years, and then went to Lycom- 
 ing county, where he followed lumbering one year. Eetuming to Delmar, he began 
 merchandising at Stony Fork, and continued that business four years, at the end 
 of which period he purchased eighty-eight acres of his present farm and settled down 
 to farm life. He later added to his original purchase 150 acres, making in all 238 
 acres of well-improved land. He has since devoted his entire attention to agricul- 
 tural piirsuits, and is one of the substantial farmers of his township. Mr. Willcox 
 was maxi'ied October 36, 1852, to Tabitha Ann Webb, a daughter of Orson Webb, 
 of Delmar. She was bom October 17, 1832, and is the mother of eight children, 
 all of whom reside in Delmar township, viz: Addie, Cora L., Charles 0., E. Archi- 
 bald, Wellington W., Artelissa, Burton E. and Eoss G. The family are adherents 
 of the Baptist church, and all of the sons are members of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 In politics, Mr. Willcox is a Eepublican. 
 
 Galusha B. Wilcox, son of Job Willcox, was bom in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county. May 8, 1843, and was three years old when his parents located on the farm 
 he now owns. Here he grew to manhood, and has spent his entire life in agricultural 
 pursuits. His farm embraces 150 acres of well improved land, two miles north- 
 east of Stony Fork. In 1868 he married Ann Janett Kilbo'm, who bore him four 
 children, viz: Hiram E., a resident of Hoytville; Edith M., deceased; Asenath C, 
 and Leon, both at home. Mrs. Wilcox died December 21, 1878, aged twenty-nine 
 years. He was again married January 28, 1880, to Anna E. Brill, a daughter of 
 Peter Brill, who is the mother of four children, viz: Harry G., Blanche, Ealph, 
 deceased, and Yerne. In politics, Mr. Wilcox is a Eepublican. 
 
 Benjamin C. Wilcox, a son of Simon G. and Phoebe Willcox, was bom in 
 Preston, Chenango county, New York, January 3, 1823, and was fifteen years old 
 when his parents came to Tioga county. In December, 1839, he purchased a tim- 
 ber tract of 140 acres in Delmar township, and went to work to clear and improve 
 it. He erected buildings and lived on this property from 1843 to 1874. In the 
 latter year he sold it and bought a farm immediately west of Stony Fork, where he 
 resided up to 1891, and then retired from active life, making his home with his 
 
732 HISTOKT OP TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 son, George S., until his death, February 38, 1897. Mr. Wilcox was married Sep- 
 tember 1, 1844, to Xaney J. Butler, who bore him live children, viz: Harland, 
 Melvina and Simon, all of whom are dead; George S., of Delmar, and Nancy J., 
 wife of Albert Van Vleit, of the same township. Mrs. Wilcox died August 6, 1879, 
 aged fifty-four years. In 1881 he married Mary Wall, who died five years later, and 
 on April 23, 1887, he married Mrs. Elizabeth Kockwell, a daughter of Benjamin 
 Borden, whose first husband, Simon Wilcox, was a brother of Benjamin C. Mr. 
 Wilcox was a member of the First Baptist church. In politics, he was a EepubU- 
 can, and held the office of township supervisor two terms. 
 
 Geoege S. Wilcox, only living son of Benjamin C. Wilcox, was bom in 
 Delmar township, Tioga county, June 7, 1853, was reared on the homestead farm, 
 and obtained a common school education. WTien eighteen years of age he began 
 working for himself in the lumber woods, and four years later purchased a timber 
 tract on Heise run, which he cleared up and built upon. After three years' residence 
 there, he sold the property and went to work for Silas X. Billings, at Leetonia, but 
 soon after entered the employ of the Leetonia Tanning Company, with whom he 
 remained until 1885. In that year he bought his present mill property, to which 
 he has since added by subsequent purchases, until he now owns 140 acres. He 
 cultivates his farm and also operates the mill whenever there is work to do in that 
 line. Mr. Wilcox was married April 19, 1874, to Ida M. Bowen, a daughter of 
 DeForest Bowen, of Delmar township, who has borne him two children, Addie E., 
 and Georgie, the latter deceased. Mr. Wilcox and wife are members of the First 
 Baptist church, of Delmar, and also of the Patrons of Husbandry. He is connected 
 with the I. 0. 0. F., and the K. of G. E., and in politics, is an adherent of the Pro- 
 hibition party. 
 
 John D. Willcox was born in Preston, Chenango county, New York, Sep- 
 tember 4, 1835, where he resided with his parents, Simon G. and Phoebe Willcox, 
 until 1840, and was in his fifteenth year when he came to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and went to work for Job Willcox & Co., of Wellsboro, with whom he re- 
 mained three years. He later purchased a farm adjoining his present one, buying 
 the latter in 1867. He has since followed farming, and has also operated a saw-mill 
 on his farm. On February 34, 1844, he married Orrilla Dimmick, who bore him the 
 following children: Mary L., wife of P. E. Sherman, of Michigan; Phoebe C, wife 
 of E. H. Halstead, of Delmar township; Maria A., who died in infancy; Elam B., 
 who died at the age of thirty-three; Clarence A., Simon G., Orlando E. and Edwin 
 H., all residents of Delmar township, and Sanford D., of Harrison Valley, Potter 
 county. Mrs. Willcox died May 17, 1868, aged forty-two years. On May 13, 
 1869, he married Sarah M., a daughter of John Wilson, of Morris, Tioga county, 
 by which union he has three children, viz: Lillian M., wife of John Dortt, of 
 Shippen township; Sarah E., wife of A. H. Taylor, and William D. The family 
 are members of the Baptist church, and in politics, Mr. Willcox is a Eepubliean. 
 He has served as a school director for two terms, supervisor six years, and has been 
 postmaster of Olmsville, which is located at his home, since July 1, 1886. 
 
 Edwin Matson, Sk., lumberman and farmer, was born in Chenango county, 
 New York, January 31, 1815, a son of Zeba W. and Lydia (Merritt) Matson, natives 
 of Connecticut. He was reared and educated in his native county, and when 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 733 
 
 eighteen years of age came to Tioga county and entered the employ of Stowell & 
 Dickinson, who were engaged in the lumher business on Pine creek. Here he 
 remained thirteen years, and then went to Wrightsville, York county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he built and operated saw-mills for fifteen years. Eeturning to Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, he located on a farm which he had previously purchased. 
 After a few years he went to Northumberland county and again engaged in the 
 lumber business for seven years, and subsequently followed lumbering in Florida 
 for fourteen months. Going to Cleveland, Ohio, he completed an unfinished mill, 
 which he operated for one season, and then returned to his farm in Delmar. In 
 1881 he erected his present mill in Shippen township, which he has operated suc- 
 cessfully for the past fifteen years, under the firm name of B. Matson & Son. Mr. 
 Matson was married in 1837, to Mary Eberenz, a daughter of William Eberenz, of 
 Delmar, to which union were born seven children, viz: Aurelia, deceased; John 
 W., a resident of Cleveland, Ohio; William E., who served in a battery of New 
 York Heavy Artillery and died of wounds received in the battle of Petersburg; 
 Mary, wife of Charles Derbyshire, of Delmar; Charles, deceased; James H., de- 
 ceased, and Edwin, junior member of the firm of E. Matson & Son. Mr. Matson 
 is the owner of one of the largest farms in Delmar township, while his lumber 
 interests in Shippen are extensive and lucrative. He also conducts a store in con- 
 nection with his mill, which does an annual business of $12,000. Mr. Matson is 
 one of the leading Democrats of the township, and is the present postmaster of 
 Marsh Creek. The family are adherents of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 James H. Matson, a son of Edwin and Mary (Eberenz) Matson, was born 
 March 4, 1851, in Wrightsville, Pennsylvania. After acquiring a good English 
 education in the common schools of Delmar township, Tioga county, where his 
 parents still reside, he took a course in the law department of the Michigan 
 "University at Ann Arbor. He taught school for a time and then finished his legal 
 studies in the law office of Hon. Jerome B. Niles, Wellsboro, and was admitted to 
 the bar May 4, 1880. In 1884 he was elected district attorney and served one term. 
 On September 34, 1884, he purchased an interest in the Bepublican Advocate, of 
 Wellsboro, and on January 13, 1886, assumed editorial control, continuing in that 
 capacity until March 10, 1891, when he sold his interest to William L. Shearer, 
 the present proprietor. He then engaged in the insurance business in Wellsville 
 and Syracuse, 'New York, until the fall of 1894, when he was made state agent for 
 Connecticut of the Illinois Covenant Mutual Insurance Company, at New Haven, 
 which position he retained until his death, March 14, 1897. Mr. Matson was 
 married November 25, 1880, to Mary Seaman, of Nauvoo, to which union there 
 were born the following named children: Mildred Blanche, Anna Louise, LiUian 
 Elva, Edwin Augustus and Blma Amelia, both deceased, and James Henry. In 
 politics, Mr. Matson was an ardent Eepubliean. For a number of years previous to 
 his death he was a member of the official board of Grace Methodist Episcopal 
 church, New Haven, Connecticut. 
 
 Edwin Matson, Je., was born in Wrightsville, Pennsylvania, June 28, 1858, 
 a son of Edwin Matson, Sr., and came with his parents to Tioga county when about 
 one year old. He obtained a good common school education, and was reared prin- 
 cipally on his father's farm. In 1882 he engaged in the lumber business on Marsh 
 
734 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 creek, with his father, under the firm name of E. Matson & Son, where they have 
 since carried on business. Their mill has a capacity of 30,000 feet per day, their 
 product being hardwood and hemlock, which they ship to the northern markets. 
 Mr. Matson was married ISTovember 1, 1875, to Hattie U. Eussell, a daughter of 
 Lucius L. and Ann Eliza (Morse) Eussell. They are the parents of seven children, 
 namely: Nina M., John E., Nora E., James H., Jessie E., Edwin and Morgan L. Nora 
 E. and James H. are dead. In religion, the family axe adherents of the Baptist church, 
 and in politics, Eepublican. Mr. Matson has filled the ofi&ce of director and treas- 
 urer of the school boards in Shippen and Delmar townships. He is a member of 
 the I. 0. 0. F., and is connected with both the lodge and encampment. 
 
 Joseph Botden, a native of Massachusetts, born in 1775, there grew to man- 
 hood, married Abigail Gilmore, and in 1848 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and located in Delmar township. He was the father of nine children, as follows: 
 Nancy, who married Enoch Cheney; Harriet, who married Charles Bond; San- 
 ford, Addison, Lemuel, Miranda, wife of Albert Boot, of Wellsboro; Eliza, wife 
 of Lemuel Colvin, and Maria, who married Lyman Whitmore. Addison, Mrs. 
 Eoot and Mrs. Colvin are the only survivors of this family. Mr. Boyden died in 
 Charleston township, January 5, 1854, and his wife, July 11, 1858, aged seventy- 
 seven years. 
 
 Addison Botden was born in Vermont, October 10, 1805, was reared on a 
 farm, and attended the common schools of his native place. When twenty-one 
 years old he began working in the lumber woods of Canada, which he continued 
 for eight years. In 1833 he came to Tioga county, and located in Delmar town- 
 ship, where he followed the lumber business. In 1842 he bought 100 acres of timber 
 land in Delmar, and after clearing a portion of it, sold it and purchased the present 
 Boyden farm of 112 acres, a short distance west of Wellsboro, upon which he has 
 lived up to the present. In 1831 he married Sophia Colvin, who bore him ten chil- 
 dren, viz: Cynthia D. and Abigail, both deceased; Sanford N., of Wellsboro; 
 Melvin, of Delmar; Alfred, of the same township; Mary M., wife of Luther Torpy, 
 of Delmar; Charles P., of Delmar; Eosina A., wife of William Derbyshire, of Del- 
 mar; Addison C, of Delmar, and Sophia S., wife of Loren Phippin, of Delmar. 
 Mrs. Boyden died April 3, 1873, aged fifty-nine years. Mr. Boyden lives with his 
 son Alfred on the homestead farm. 
 
 Meltin Boyden was bom in Shippen township, Tioga county, July 19, 1841, 
 a son of Addison Boyden. He was reared on the homestead farm, obtained a com- 
 mon school education, and worked at home until he was twenty-five years old, 
 when he purchased his present farm in Delmar, and with the exception of three 
 years spent on a rented farm, he has devoted his whole attention to clearing and 
 improving his property. He was married December 6, 1862, to Sarah M. Pellows, 
 d daughter of Asahel Fellows, of Delmar township, and has two children, Charles 
 M., who owns and operates a fruit evaporator on the farm, and Ella S., wife of 
 Charles Spencer, of Delmar. Mrs. Boyden is a member of the Baptist church. 
 Politically, Mr. Boyden is a Eepublican, and has served as a school director six 
 years. He is deputy constable for the north district of Delmar township. 
 
 Alehed Boyden, son of Addison Boyden, was bom in Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, March 10, 1844, was reared on the farm, and attended the district 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 735 
 
 schools of his neighborhood. Jn 1862, when but seventeen years old, he enlisted 
 in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and par- 
 ticipated in the following battles: Pollock's Mills, Chaneellorsville, Gettysburg, 
 Funkstown, Haymarket, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna Kiver, 
 Cold Harbor, Pamunkey Eiver, Petersburg, Weldon Eailroad and Hatcher's Eun. 
 He was promoted to corporal November 3G, 1863, and was honorably discharged 
 from the service at Harrisburg, June 39, 1865. Mr. Boyden returned to his home 
 in Delmar township, and worked in the lumber woods for about ten years. For 
 the following three years he cultivated rented farms, and then took charge of his 
 father's farm, upon which he has since lived. He was married May 7, 1874, to 
 Mary E. Loudon, a daughter of James Loudon, of Delmar, and has two children. 
 Belle C. and Dana A. The family are connected with the Baptist church, of "Wells- 
 boro. Politically, Mr. Boyden is a stanch Eepublican, and a member of the G. 
 A. E. and P. of H. 
 
 Chaelbs F. Boyden was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, January 30, 
 1849, a son of Addison Boyden. He was reaxed on the farm, attended the common 
 schools, and worked at home until he was twenty-four years of age, when he went 
 to northern Wisconsin and operated a farm on shares for a year and a half. For 
 the following six months he drove team for a milling company, and then returned to 
 his home in Delmar, where he cultivated the old homestead for one year. At the 
 end of this period he purchased his present farm in Delmar township, and has since 
 devoted his attention to its cultivation. On June 23, 1873, he married Lydia 
 Matson, of Wisconsin, who has borne him the following children: Elida E., wife 
 of Ferdinand Nobles, of Delmar; Edith D., Edwin A., Flynn 0., Sarah E., and 
 Mary E., the last mentioned having died February 37, 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Boyden 
 are members of the Baptist church, and in politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Addison C. Boyden, youngest son of Addison Boyden, was born in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, July 30, 1853, attended the district schools and also the 
 Wellsboro Academy. He worked at home until twenty-six years old, and then 
 purchased his present farm in Delmar, which he has since cleared and improved. 
 On June 9, 1879, he married Amanda Matson, a daughter of Horton Matson, of 
 Delmar township, who has borne him two children, Bertha E. and Horace A. They 
 have also an adopted daughter. Mr. Boyden and wife are members of the Baptist 
 church, and in politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Alanson J. Wilson, a native of Massachusetts, and a son of Solomon Wilson, 
 came to Tioga county in the spring of 1839 and purchased a farm of eighty-six acres 
 in Delmar township. He was a shoemaker and also a blacksmith, and after locating 
 in Delmar township did considerable work in those lines, being one of the most 
 useful citizens in the community. Though a man of limited education, he pos- 
 sessed natural ability as a manager and accumulated a -competence. Mr. Wilson 
 married Julia Bradley, of Massachusetts, and reared a family of five sons, as fol- 
 lows: James A., who died at the age of twenty-two; Henry B., Milon D., Ira C. 
 and Baxter H., all residents of Delmar township. Mr. Wilson died in 1876, and his 
 
 wife ten years before. 
 
 Milon D. Wilson was born in Steuben county. New York, March 21, 1831, 
 and is the third son of Alanson J. Wilson. He was reared on a farm, attended the 
 
736 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 common schools, and when thirteen years old went to Wellsboro, Tioga county, 
 -Pennsylvania, and engaged with William S. Taylor to learn the tanner's trade, at 
 which he spent three years. He then returned home and worked in the woods and 
 as a farm hand for about nine years. At the end of this time he purchased the 
 farm upon which he now resides, and where he has since lived. On October 15, 
 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served 
 with his regiment up to December, 18.63, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. 
 Wilson was married December 1, 1856, to Mary Monroe, a daughter of Gamer 
 Monroe, of Delmar township, who bore him six children, viz: Daniel G., a resident 
 of Potter county; Alanson W., who died in infancy; Eosanna M., wife of Tully 
 Monroe, of Potter county; Mary E., wife of Frank Luddington, of Delmar; Caroline 
 A., wife of Charles Loucks, of Potter county, and Lillian L., who died in infancy. 
 Mrs. Wilson died September 11, 1891, aged fifty-nine years. February 21, 1894, 
 Mr. Wilson married Philura Plumley, of Delmar township. He is a member of the 
 Baptist church, while his wife is a Methodist. In polities, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Iea C. Wilson was bom in Harrington, Massachusetts, August 18, 1833, and 
 was in his sixth year when his parents came to Delmar township, Tioga county. He 
 was reared upon the homestead farm, attended the district school of his neighbor- 
 hood, and when fourteen years of age commenced working in the lumber woods as 
 a teamster; which he followed four years. Eeturning home he worked on the 
 farm until his majority, and then purchased eighty acres of land from William 
 Bache, located in Delmar township. At the end of six years, after clearing a part 
 of it, he sold this property and purchased the old homestead, upon which he lived 
 until he purchased his present farm of 130 acres, leasing the first to his son, Charles 
 L. He also owns two other farms of 100 acres each in Delmar, and is one of tlie most 
 prosperous farmers in the county. He married Mary Jane Nobles, a daughter of 
 Loron Nobles, to which union have been bom nine children, viz: Mary Louisa, de- 
 ceased wife of George Smith; Emma, wife of Daniel Bennett, of Shippen town- 
 ship; Lyman M., who died in infancy; Charles L., and Frank H., both residents of 
 Delmar; Ella, wife of Charles A. Buckley, of Delmar; Frederick J., and Minnie, 
 both of whom died in early youth, and Ira W., who lives with his parents. The 
 family are connected with the Baptist church, and in politics, Mr. Wilson is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 EoBEET Steele, Se., was bom in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, about 1766, there grew 
 to maturity and married Esther Eowe. He served a short time in the Eevolutionary 
 War, later studied medicine, but never practiced the profession. About 1805 he 
 came to Tioga county and located on the site of Ansonia, then known as Big 
 Meadows. He reared a family of nine children, viz: John, James, Matilda, 
 Ephraim, Henry, Elizabeth, Eobert, Polly and William. Mr. Steele died at the 
 home of his son Eobert in Delmar township in 1836. 
 
 EoBEET Steele was born on the site of Ansonia, Tioga county, October 13, 
 1810, a son of Eobert Steele, Sr. He was reared on a farm and attended tiie pioneer 
 schools of his neighborhood. In 1834 he located in Delmar township, purchasing 
 the farm where his son Miles now lives. His wife, Mary Ann, was a daughter of 
 William Blaekwell, an early settler of Morris township. She bore him ten children, 
 named as follows: Eiehard, who died in infancy; Louisa, wife of William Wal- 
 
^^ ^,::P^-^^^^ 
 
BI06EAPHICAL SKETCHES. 737 
 
 bridge, of Delmar; John, who died on his farm in Delmar, March 14, 1896; Sarah, 
 wife of Peter Walbridge, of Wellsboro; "William, who was wounded in the battle 
 of Petersburg, and died June 27, 1864; Miles, Charies and Eobert, all residents of 
 Delmar; Mary A., wife of Willis L. English, of Morris, and Otis, who lives in Wells- 
 boro. Mr. Steele died on the old homestead in Delmar, November 37, 1884. His 
 widow lives with her son Miles in that township. 
 
 John Steele, son of Eobert and Mary Ann Steele, and grandson of Eobert 
 Steele, Sr., was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, March 3, 1841, and lived 
 with his parents until he was twenty-six years old. His father then deeded him a 
 farm of 108 acres, two miles south of Wellsboro, where he resided until his death, 
 March 14, 1896. Mr. Steele was married September 18, 1866, to Alice Copestick, 
 a daughter of Charles Copestick, of Delmar. Six children were born to this union, 
 viz: Eaymond, a resident of Charleston township; Mabel, wife of Horatio Eeed, of 
 Delmar; Isabel, Eobert, Claude, deceased, and Carrie. When Lee invaded Penn- 
 sylvania, Mr. Steele went out with the Emergency Men to assist in defending his 
 native State, thus proving his patriotism. In politics, he was a Eepublican, and 
 served as clerk and treasurer of Delmar from 1882 to 1892. He belonged to the 
 Grange and was a liberal supporter of the public schools. Mr. Steele was a kind 
 father and husband, a good neighbor and a respected citizen. 
 
 William Eobeetson, Se., was bom in Scotland, there grew to manhood, and 
 became a stationary engineer and miner. In 1830 he came to the United States, 
 and worked in the Baldwin Locomotive Works five years. In 1835 he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, remained a short time in Wellsboro, and then pur- 
 chased a farm in Delmar township, on which he resided up to his death. He mar- 
 ried Agnes Archibald, who bore him twelve children, four of whom are living and 
 residents of Delmar township, viz: Frasier, wife of Thomas Clark; Thomas A., 
 William, and Jane, wife of James Dale. Mrs. Eobertson died October 14, 1886, at 
 the ripe old age of ninety-two years. 
 
 Thomas A. Eobehtson, eldest son of William and Agnes Eobertson, was born 
 in Scotland, March 17, 18S4, and came to the United States with his parents when 
 six years old. He attended the public schools of Philadelphia and Tioga county 
 in boyhood, and worked on the home farm until he was twenty-three years old. 
 He then cultivated a rented farm for two years, at the end of which time he bought 
 eighty-two acres on East Hill, Delmar township, a property he still owns, and 
 lived there from 1850 to 1891. He then removed to his present farm,, a portion 
 of the old homestead. Mr. Eobertson was married March 8, 1849, to Mary A. 
 Moyer, a daughter of Jonathan Moyer. Four children were bom to this imion, viz: 
 Margaret, who died at the age of twenty-six; George A., of Delmar; Adaline, wife 
 of Eobert A. Kerr, of Morris, and Isabel, wife of Eev. E. D. Eawson, of Allegany, 
 New York. Mr. Eobertson and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. In polities, he is a Eepublican, and is also a member of the Patrons of 
 Husbandry. 
 
 Geohge a. Eobeetson, only son of Thomas A. and Mary A. Eobertson, was 
 bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, was reared on the homestead farm, and 
 attended the district schools in boyhood. When twenty years of age he began 
 working in the lumber woods, but soon returned to farm work. He later spent 
 
 47 
 
738 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNIY. 
 
 three years in the Hoytville tannery, then bought a farm in Delmar, near the 
 Shippen line, which he sold two years later and purchased his present farm of 
 fifty acres, east of Stony Fork. Mr. Eobertson was married June 17, 1876, to Agnes 
 Dort, a daughter of Eussell Dort, an early settler of Delmar township, and has three 
 children, Edith, Leon A., and Pearly A. Mr. Eobertson, wife and oldest daughter 
 are members of the P. of H., and in polities, he is a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 William Eobeetson, youngest son of William Eobertson, Sr., was born on the 
 homestead farm in Delmar township, Tioga county, November 8, 1837. He at- 
 tended the common schools of his district and worked at home until he was twenty- 
 one years of age. He then began working out as a farm hand, but two years later 
 rented a farm and continued to cultivate rented farms up to 1876, when he bought 
 a homestead in Delmar township, which he sold six years afterwards and purchased 
 his present property of fifty acres adjoining the old homestead farm, in which he 
 owns a quarter interest. Mr. Eobertson was married September 35, 1859, to Lydia 
 A. Smedley, a daughter of William and Ellen (Shuart) Smedley, bom September 
 6, 1838. They have one daughter, Mazie, bom April 8, 1882. In politics, Mr. 
 Eobertson is an ardent Eepublican. 
 
 Aaeon Stmonds was bom in Connecticut, June 30, 1793, a son of John Sy- 
 monds. In early life he learned the blacksmith's trade, particularly the manufac- 
 ture of scythes, and followed that business until failing health compelled him to 
 abandon it, when he turned his attention to farming. In 1836 he came to Tioga 
 county and operated a saw-mill at Eound Island, now Tiadaghton. He afterwards 
 bought fifty acres of land on Middle Eidge, in Delmar township, where he followed 
 farming until his death, August 5, 1843. Mr. Symonds married Phoebe Willcox, 
 oldest child of Simon G. Willcox, ISTovember 5, 1818. She was a native of Chenango 
 county, New York, and became the mother of nine children, viz: leather, who died 
 at the age of twenty-three; David B., a farmer of Potter county; Job W., of Delmar 
 township; Hannah A., who died in 1888; Sarah A., deceased, wife of Darius B. 
 Ford; Clarissa, who died in 1886; Caroline, and Emeline, twins, the former of 
 whom died in girlhood, and the latter in 1886, and Betsey A., who died in April, 
 1863. Mrs. Symonds died in May, 1860, aged fifty-eight years. 
 
 Job W. Symonds, retired farmer and blacksmith, was bom in Chenango county. 
 New York, October 30, 1835, and was eleven years old when his parents settled in 
 Tioga county. On attaining his majority he began work in the lumber woods, 
 devoting his summers to farming, which he continued five years. He then bought a 
 farm of fifty acres on Middle Eidge, Delmar township, originally owned by his 
 father, erected a blacksmith shop, and followed farming and blacksmithing. He 
 did work for his neighbors, having picked up sufficient of the trade to be a fair 
 workman. In 1856 he sold this property and bought his present farm of 100 acres, 
 a short distance north of Draper. Here he followed blacksmithing and farming up 
 to 1886, when he retired. Mr. Symonds married Cynthia Borden, a daughter of 
 Benjamin B. Borden, of Delmar township, January 3, 1844. She was bom April 
 10, 1838, and became the mother of ten children, viz: Phoebe J., widow of A. S. 
 Torpy; George, an oil operator in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania; Mary E., who 
 died in infancy; Betsey E., wife of Asher A. Hines, of Minnesota; Mary A., wife 
 of Charles Orr, of Delmar township; Fidah M., wife of Albert Torpy; Myra B., 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 739 
 
 wife of Edwin Allen; Hurbin, who married Ida Compton, February 14, 1887; 
 Katie, wife of Ira Eice, and Benjamin, the last five of whom axe residents of Delmar 
 township. In politics, Mr. Symonds is a Republican. He has been superyisor one 
 year, and a justice of the peace fifteen years, in Delmar township. 
 
 Thomas Hobton was bom in Orange county. New York, in 1781, and came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1837. He purchased the farm in Delmar town- 
 ship on which his son Thomas C. now lives. He married Anna Cully, who bore 
 him a family of nine children, viz: Elizabeth, who married John Kimball; Hiram, 
 and Hannah, who married Daniel Slosson, all of whom are dead; Susan, wife of 
 Jeremiah Houghton, of Delmar; Thomas C, a farmer of the same township; Ezra, 
 deceased; Hector, of Delmar; Sarah A., wife of P. G. Walker, of Stony Pork, and 
 Samantha, wife of Edward Hastings, of Wellsboro. Thomas C. was bom in 
 Tompkins county. New York, September 1, 1820, came to this county with his 
 parents, and married Marietta Stanton, who bore him six children, viz: Newell P., 
 and Mary J., both deceased; Ezra, a farmer on Marsh creek; John and Nathan, both 
 deceased, and Myron, a resident of Virginia. Mr. Horton and wife spent the re- 
 maining years of their lives in this county. 
 
 Hector Hoeton, youngest son of Thomas Horton, was born in Schuyler 
 county, then a part of Tompkins county. New York, December 27, 1823, and was 
 in his fifteenth year when his parents settled in Delmar township. He worked at 
 home until twenty-three years of age, and then bought his present farm of 100 acres 
 from his father, on which he has since lived, devoting his attention to general farm- 
 ing and dairying. October 9, 1850, he married Permelia A. Emick, a daughter of 
 William Emick, of Morris township. They are the parents of seven children, viz: 
 Charles A., and Prank, both residing in the oil fields of Pennsylvania and Ohio, 
 respectively; Maria, wife of Andrew English, of New Mexico; George, and Pred J., 
 residents of Wood county, Ohio; Mary, and Hubert, both at home. The family 
 are adherents of the Baptist church, and politically, Mr. Horton is a Eepublican. 
 He is also a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 David Goeeib was bom near Wilmington, Delaware, March 28, 1820, a son of 
 John and Agnes (Ower) Gorrie, natives of Scotland. David is the youngest and 
 only survivor in a family of ten children. He was reared in his native place and 
 in the City of Philadelphia up to the age of seventeen, and obtained a common school 
 education. In the fall of 1837 he, with his mother and invalid brother, came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvajiia, where he bought a farm of about 120 acres, in Delmar 
 township, and devoted his entire attention to agricultiiral pursuits. In 1882 he 
 built upon the farm of 125 acres, where he now resides, disposing of the old home- 
 stead to his son Clarence. Mr. Gorrie was married in 1851 to Cerissa Griffin, of 
 Delmar township, and has reared four children, viz: Clarence, who lives upon the 
 old homestead; Norval, a farmer residing in Idaho; David, a farmer in the same 
 State, and Lillie M., at home. In politics, Mr. Gorrie is a stanch Democrat. He 
 is one of the prominent and respected farmers of Delmar township, and by his own 
 exertion and energy has aceumtilated through the passing years a handsome com- 
 petence. 
 
 Ltman Walbeidge was born near Springfield, Massachusetts, Pebruary 6, 
 1786, a son of Joshua Walbridge, a Eevolutionary soldier, born in 1758. He was 
 
740 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 reared on a farm, received a good education, and taught school for some years in his 
 native State. In 1837 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased the 
 farm in Delmar township now owTied by his son William, where he resided until his 
 death, August 17, 18C3. He married Ann D. Smith, a daughter of Eev. William 
 K. Smith. She was born in 1795, and bore him six children, viz: William, a resi- 
 dent of Delmar, bom September 16, 1821, who married Louisa, a daughter of Eobert 
 Steele, and has two sons, Bion and Arthur; Elizabeth, a resident of Europe; Joshua, 
 a judge of the common pleas court in Goldboro, Colorado; John W., aji oil operator 
 of Venango county; Eobert S., of Delmar, and Peter D., who lives in Wellsboro. 
 Mrs. Walbridge died April 10, 1880, aged eighty-four years. 
 
 EoBEBT S. Walbeidge was bom in New Jersey, October 5, 1831, and was about 
 six years old when his parents located in Delmar township, Tioga county. He was 
 reared upon the farm, and when twenty years of age began working out as a farm 
 hand, which he followed for ten years. He then bought his present farm of 100 
 acres, lying west of Stony Fork, where he has since devoted his attention to agri- 
 culture. On December 11, 1862, Mr. Walbridge married Mary Copestick, a daughter 
 of Charles Copestick, of Delmar, and has three children, viz: Alfred C, an electrical 
 engineer of Washington state; Bertha E., wife of C. E. Olmstead, of Delmar, and 
 George B., a student at Lafayette College. Mrs. Walbridge died January 31, 1889, 
 aged fortv-seven years. In politics, a Democrat, he has served as township clerk 
 and treasurer for several years. He is a member of the P. of H., and also of the 
 K. of G. E. 
 
 William Teowbeidge Deebyshiee was bom in Denmark, New York, Decem- 
 ber 28, 1809, a son of William and Laura (Trowbridge) Derbyshire. He was the 
 second in a family of seven children, and is to-day the only surviving member of 
 the family. , He received a common school education, and when sixteen years of 
 age went to Utica, Few York, and spent three years learning the harness maker's 
 trade, which business he followed about ten years in that State. In the autumn of 
 1837 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located in Wellsboro, where he 
 worked at his trade three years. He then purchased the Derbyshire farm in Del- 
 mar township, and for the succeeding twenty-five years devoted his attention to 
 clearing and improving his land, and working at his trade in Wellsboro. At the end 
 of this period he gave up working at his trade, and devoted his whole attention to 
 the farm. Mr. Derbyshire was married in January, 1835, to Mary Granger, a 
 daughter of Levi Granger, of Otsego county. New- York, to which union were bom 
 ten children, named as follows: William, who died at three years of age; Mary, 
 Caroline, Elizabeth, George E., who died in a rebel prison in Sbuth Carolina during 
 the war; Charles, and William, both residents of Delmar; Prank, deceased; Laura, 
 wife of Charles Smith, and Marian, wife of John Eussell, both residents of Delmar 
 township. Mrs. Derbyshire died in August, 1891, aged seventy-nine years. Mr. 
 Derbyshire is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and in politics, a Ee- 
 publican. He is one of the oldest citizens of Delmar township. 
 
 Chaeles Deebyshiee, son of William T. Derbyshire, was bom in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county. May 30, 1846, was educated" in the district schools, and 
 has made farming his life vocation. His farm is located four miles northwest oE 
 Wellsboro. He married Mary Matson, a daughter of Edwin Matson, Sr., of Delmar, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 741 
 
 December 31^ 1868, who has borne him five children, viz: Mary E., wife of John 
 Hasker, of Delmar; William E., who married Lizzie Covert, of Wellsboro; Eobert 
 C, Charles P., and Marion C. The family are connected with the Baptist church. 
 Mr. Derbyshire is a Eepublican, in politics, and is one of the school directors of his 
 district. 
 
 William Deebyshiee, son of William T. Derbyshire, was bom in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, September 6, 1848, and has spent his entire life upon the 
 homestead farm. On January 30, 1875, he married Rosina A. Boyden, a daughter 
 of Addison Boyden, of Delmar. Five children have been born to this marriage, four 
 of whom are living, viz: Carrie E., Mary 0., William T. and George E. The family 
 are members of the Protestant Episcopal church, and in politics, he is an adherent 
 of the Republican party. 
 
 HiEAM L. RoBLTEE was bom neai- Horseheads, Chemung county, Few York, 
 March 14, 1825, a son of Hiram and Rhoda (Sanford) Roblyer. His parents were 
 natives of Orange county, New York, whence they removed to Chemung county, and 
 in 1837 located in Rutland township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where they died, 
 the father May 6, 1857, aged eighty-two, and the mother, November 37, 1859, aged 
 seventy-eight. Their children were as follows: Austin, Diadama, Andrew J., David 
 S. and Ira, all of whom are dead; Dorcas M., widow of A. B. Tanner; Hannah J., 
 deceased; Sally Ann, widow of Northrop Smith, of Sullivan township, and Hiram 
 L. The subject of this sketch came to Tioga county with his parents when twelve 
 years old, and was reared to manhood in Riitland township. He afterwards worked 
 as a farm hand for several years. In 1851 he embarked in merchandising at Elk 
 Run in partnership with Northrop Smith, but in 1857 he sold his interest to Mr. 
 Smith and bought his present farm of 104 acres, on which he has since lived. Mr. 
 Roblyer was married October 3, 1855, to Almira Wood, a daughter of Solomon and 
 Lydia Wood, of Sullivan township, where her parents settled in 1831. Three chil- 
 dren have been born to this union, viz: Herbert, a resident of Delmar; Levi, who 
 lives in Sullivan, and Harvey, who died November 18, 1877. In politics, Mr. Roblyer 
 is a Republican, and has served as auditor and treasurer of his township. Both he and 
 wife are members of East Sullivan Grange. 
 
 Heebeet Robltes was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county, July 16, 1856, 
 eldest son of Hiram L. Roblyer. He was educated in the common schools, at the 
 Mansfield State Normal, and Warner Business College, Elmira, New York. When 
 twenty-one years of age he began teaching in winter, which he followed for seven 
 years, working on the farm during the summer season. In the fall of 1881 he pur- 
 chased his present farm of 100 acres in Delmar township, one mile north of Balsam, 
 on which he has since resided. Mr. Roblyer was married to Lina M. Wilbur, a 
 daughter of Nelson and Melissa Wilbur, of Wayne county, Pennsylvania, October 3, 
 1880, and has three children: Lulu May, Carrie Estella and Harvey Lewis. The 
 family attend the Episcopal church. Mr. Roblyer is secretary of Pomona Grange, 
 and also a director and secretary of the Tioga Coimty Grange Mutual Insurance 
 Company. He is a stanch Republican, has filled the office of school director in 
 Delmar, and is recognized as one of the leading citizens of the township. 
 
 Pbtee Buckley, a son of John and Hannah (Decker) Buckley, was bom in 
 Oxford, Chenango county. New York, November 33, 1809, and there grew to 
 
742 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COTTlirTT. 
 
 manhood. In 1839 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased the 
 present Buckley farm in Delmar township. He was a carpenter and millwright, and 
 for many years devoted a portion of his time to the construction of mills. On 
 November 26, 1837, he married Euth A. Bartle, a daughter of Charles Bartle, and 
 had one son, John H., when the family moved to this county. The following 
 children were bom after their settlement here: Byron C, who died in February, 
 1868, aged twenty-six years; Hulda A., who died aged two years; Charles A., of 
 Delmar township; Jerusha A., wife of Charles Copestick, of Delmar; Uriah, tele- 
 graph operator and station agent at Minoa Station, New York, and two that died in 
 infancy. Mr. Buckley died November 8, 1856, from an injury received while work- 
 ing on a saw-mill. His widow resides with her son, John H., in Delmar. In earlj 
 life a Democrat, he later became a Eepublican, and was quite active in political 
 
 John H. Bttcklet was bom in Oxford, New York, June 16, 1839, eldest child 
 of Peter Buckley, who came to Tioga county five months after our subject's birth. 
 He was reared upon his present homestead fann, and received a good education in 
 the common and select schools of Delmar township, and at Oxford Academy. He 
 worked at home until the death of his father, since which time he has had charge of 
 the farm, with the exception of the period when he was serving in the Union army. 
 On September 31, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, and participated in the battles of James Island, Blue Springs, Campbell 
 Station, Siege of Knoxville, Siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Jamestown and the Wil- 
 derness, where he was wounded. He was promoted to corporal in 1863, and was 
 discharged at McClellan Hospital, Philadelphia, on account of a gunshot wound 
 in the left hip. May 8, 1865. With the exception of the four years spent in the 
 service, Mr. Buckley taught school nineteen consecutive terms, principally in his 
 native township. He was married March 29, 1870, to Isabel, a daughter of Charles 
 and Isabel Copestick, of Delmar. Three children have been born to them, viz: 
 Euth, a student at the State Normal School, Mansfield; Charles, a graduate of that 
 institution, and now a teacher in the Philadelphia public schools, and Florence. 
 Politically, Mr. Buckley is a Eepublican, and has filled the office of auditor three 
 terms, and that of clerk and treasurer five terms. The family attend the Presby- 
 terian church, and Mr. Buckley is one of the most intelligent farmers in Tioga county. 
 
 Almon Bbooks, a native of New York state, was one of the early settlers of 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He purchased a farm in Delmar township, cleared and 
 improved it, and passed the remaining years of his life in making a home for himself 
 and family. He married Lena Miller, who bore him the following children: Anne 
 M., wife of D. E. Null, of WiUiamsport; Frank W., of Delmar; Charles M., a resident 
 of Williamsport; Emma E., wife of Z. 0. Campbell, of Wellsboro; John W., a resident 
 of Manhattan, Tioga county; Henry D., of Delmar, and Ada M., deceased wife of 
 Elmer E. Striker. 
 
 Feank W. Bhooks was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, Febmary 36, 
 1850, and is the eldest son of Almon and Lena Brooks. He worked at home until 
 he was sixteen years of age, when he went to Williamsport, where he lived several 
 years, during which period he worked in a saw-mill. He then purchased a farm 
 on Marsh creek, Tioga county, which he sold three years later to his brother-in-law 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 743 
 
 and went to the Manhattan tannery, where he worked as a teamster four years. He 
 was afterwards a hostler at the same institution for eight years. In the spring of 
 1893 he moved to his present farm in Delmar township, which he had previously 
 purchased and has since followed agricultural pursuits. Mr. Brooks was married 
 in Westfield, Tioga county, May 3, 1880, to Miss Etta Davis. She is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and gives his support 
 to the principles of that party. 
 
 EussELL Lawton was bom in Chenango county, New York, November 21, 
 1816, a son of Gideon and Polly (Dodge) Lawton, and grandson of Noyes and 
 Cynthia (Eathbone) Lawton, all natives of Ehode Island. Eussell was the fifth in a 
 family of nine children, named as follows: Eliza, Thomas, Harry, Lucinda, Eussell, 
 Almira, William, Charles and Ira. The father was born November 11, 1786, and died 
 February 13, 1841. The mother was bom May 35, 1793, and died October 31, 1861. 
 Eussell was reared on a farm, obtained a common school education, and came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1S39. He purchased a farm in Delmar township, 
 and followed agricultural pursuits up to his death. He married Susannah B. 
 Hardy — ^born in Delmar township January 19, 1833, — a daughter of Levi and Sally 
 (Borden) Hardy, natives of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, respectively, and 
 early settlers of Delmar township. They were the parents of five children, viz: 
 Levi E., who died at eleven years of age; Gilderoy H., Warren, Francis E., and 
 Edgar, all residents of Delmar township. Mr. Lawton departed this life October 
 29, 1888. His widow resides with their son, Francis E. 
 
 GiLDEEOY H. Lawton was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, February 
 30, 1843, a son of Eussell Lawton, and was reared upon the homestead, and attended 
 the common schools of his district. On August 8, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, 
 One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was in the battles of the 
 Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Petersburg, Weldon Eailroad and Hatcher's Eun. He 
 was wounded at Spottsylvania, and was honorably discharged at Elmira, New York, 
 with the rank of corporal, June 24, 1865. Eetuming to Delmar township, he 
 bought his present farm of 100 acres, and has devoted his attention to its cultiva- 
 tion. On January 33, 1866, he married Mrs. Lydia M. Berry, nee Lawton, who had 
 two children by her previous marriage, ■\dz: Mary S., wife of E. E. Sherman, of 
 Delmar, and George L., of Stony Fork. Mr. Lawton is a member of George Cook 
 Post, G. A. E., and his wife is conneet-ed with the Woman's Eelief Corps, of that 
 post. In politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Waeeen Lawton was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, October 31, 
 1844, a son of Eussell Lawton, was reared on the farm and educated in the public 
 schools. On March 6, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna 
 Eiver, Cold Harbor and Siege of Petersburg, and was discharged from the service 
 July 18, 1865. He returned to his home in Delmar township, and settled upon his 
 present farm of 135 acres, purchased while he was in the service, and has since made 
 farming his vocation. Mr. Lawton was married February 13, 1867, to Clarissa L. 
 Townsend, a daughter of Jacob F. Townsend, of Delmar, and has two children: 
 Noyes, who married Clara Lyons, and has two sons, Perley W. and Eussell P.; and 
 Clara L., wife of William A. Luddington, of Delmar township, who has one daughter, 
 
744 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 Clarissa M. Mrs. Lawton died April 23, 1892, aged forty-five years. Mr. Lawton 
 is a stanch Eepublican, and is a member of the G. A. E., the I. 0. 0. F., the K. of 
 G. E., and the P. of H. 
 
 Edgar Lawton, youngest son of Eussell and SusannaJi B. Lawton, was bom in 
 Delmar township, Tioga county, January 31, 1849. He was reared on the home- 
 stead farm, attended the district school in boyhood, and when twenty-three years of 
 aged purchased the C. G. Osgood farm in Delmar township, which he cultivated 
 twelve years. He then sold it and purchased his present farm of ninety acres, a half 
 mile west of Stony Fork, upon which he has since resided. He also followed the 
 stoiiemason's trade in connection with his farm duties for ten years. He makes 
 dairy farming a specialty, keeping on an average ten cows. Mr. Lawton was mar- 
 ried February 30, 1873, to Agnes Orr, a daughter of Thomas Orr, of Delmar, and 
 has two sons, Thomas E. and Frank E. Mrs. Lawton is a member of the Presby- 
 terian church, and their son, Thomas E., is connected with the Patrons of Husbandry 
 and the I. 0. 0. F. In politics, Mr. Lawton is a Eepublican. 
 
 Levi Hardy was one of the early settlers of Delmar township, Tioga County, 
 where he purchased a farm about 1837. He was a native of New Hampshire, a 
 son of Eufus and Lucy (Livermore) Hardy, natives of New England. He married 
 Sally Borden, who became the mother of nine children, viz: Eufus, John, William, 
 Lorenzo, Dexie, Henrietta, Annie, Susannah B., who married Eussell Lawton, and 
 Adaline. Mr. Hardy was a blacksmith, and followed his trade in connection with 
 agriculture up to his death, September 18, 1859. His widow survived him only a 
 few months, dying February 37, 1860. 
 
 James Playfoot was bom in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1815, a son of David and 
 Elizabeth (Day) Playf oot, and was the eighth in a family of nine children, named as 
 follows: David, Daniel, David (3d), Sarah A., John, Martha, Elizabeth, James and 
 Jonathan, all of whom are dead except Elizabeth and James. The mother died in 
 1846, and the father, in 1856. James was four years old when his parents removed 
 from Cincinnati to New York City, where his father engaged in the milk" business. 
 He attended the public schools of that city, and when fifteen years of age came with 
 his parents to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where his father purchased 150 acres 
 of timber land. The family staid but a couple of months, and then went to Sullivan 
 county. New York, where James learned the blackspiith's trade. Two years later 
 he went to Athens, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, to which place his father had 
 previously moved, and followed his trade there five years. After a couple of months 
 spent at Columbia Flats, he came to Covington, Tioga county, and continued to 
 work at his trade for three years. Eeturning to Athens, he followed blacksmithing 
 for about five years, with the exception of one year spent on his father's farm, and 
 again came to Tioga county. He worked at his trade on Pine creek a few months, 
 in Sullivan township three years, and at Covington fourteen years. At the end of 
 this period he purchased a farm, which he subsequently traded for his present farm 
 in Delmar, on which he has since lived. Mr. Playfoot was married Pebmary 13, 
 1843, to Susan A. Chapin, who has borne him the following children: David, who 
 died while a soldier in the Eebellion; Mary, who lives with her mother in Wellsboro; 
 Annie, deceased; Edward J., of Delmar; William, a minister residing in Monroe 
 county; George J., of Delmar; Charles, deceased, and Sarah, who lives in Wells- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 745 
 
 boro. Mr. Playfoot resides with his son Edward J., while his wife makes her home 
 m Wellsboro with her two daughters. Both are members of the Baptist church, 
 and in politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Edward J. Playfoot was bom on November 24, 1849, a son of James and 
 Susan A. Playfoot, and has made farming his life vocation. He worked in the 
 lumber woods during the winter seasons from 1869 to 1879, since which time he has 
 devoted his whole attention to the home farm. On April 17, 1879, he married 
 Emma Grosjean, a daughter of Edward Grosjeaja, of Delmar, and has two children. 
 Earl W. and Viva M. Mr. and Mrs. Playfoot and their son. Earl W., are members 
 of the Baptist church, and also of the Patrons of Husbandry. In politics, he is a 
 Eepublicaji. 
 
 Cteus Heath, bom in Cayuga county, New York, in 1785, came to Tioga 
 county in about 1840 and purchased a farm in Chatham township, where he followed 
 farming and lumbering until his death, in 1857. He married Pradence Pierce, who 
 bore him two children, Levi P. and Mary A., wife of William T. Hardin, of Wells- 
 boro. Mrs. Heath died in 1866, aged seventy-five years. 
 
 Levi P. Heath, only son of Cyrus Heath, was bom in Cayuga county. New 
 York, in 1823, and was eighteen years old 'when the family came to Tioga county. 
 He found employment in the lumber woods on Pine creek, which business he fol- 
 lowed two years. He then bought a farm in Chatham townshi'p, which he later 
 traded for one in Delmar. This he afterwards sold and moved to Wellsboro, where 
 he died in 1878. He married Harriet Amelia Humphrey, a daughter of James V. 
 and Harriet Humphrey, of Chenango county. New York, who bore him three chil- 
 dren, viz: Georgianna, wife of William Avery, of Delmar; Thomas J. and Frank P., 
 both residents of the same township. Mr. Heath was an ardent Democrat, and 
 always gave his support to that party. His widow, who was bom June 2, 1833, re^ 
 sides with her son. Prank P., in Delmar township. 
 
 Peank p. Heath, youngest child of Levi P. Heath, was bom in Delmar town- 
 ship, Tioga county, January 30, 1869. He was reared on a farm, and was educated in 
 the district schools of his native township and at Wellsboro High School. Since 
 his father's death he has cared for and supported his mother, working on a farm 
 and in the lumber woods until November, 1893, when he settled on his present 
 farm in Delmar township. Mr. Heath was married November 15, 1893, to Miss 
 Stella M. Bernauer, a daughter of Samuel Bernauer, of Delmar township, and has 
 one daughter. Hazel Gertrude. In politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Augustus Baktle, a native of Chenango county. New York, born June 19, 
 1796, was a son of John Bartle, a native of Massachusetts, and the father of seventeen 
 children, of whom Augustus was the fourth child and oldest son. He learned the 
 stone cutter's, trade in boyhood, and followed it until 1841. In that year he came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased the farm now owned by his son, 
 Jacob C. He married Cynthia Buckley, a daughter of John Buckley, of Oxford, 
 'New York, who bore him ten children, viz: Augustus C, who died in 1890, in 
 Texas; John, deceased; Jacob C, of Delmar township; Peter W., a resident of 
 Arkansas; Hannah L., wife of George W. Williams, of Arkansas; Mary J., wife of 
 Emanuel Impson, of Potter county; William V., who died in early youth; Emily E., 
 widow of J. C. Wheeler, of Wellsboro; Ann A., wife of Lewis P. Hastings, and Amy 
 
746 HISTOBT OS TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 C, wife of Floyd Taylor, both, residents of Dehnar township. Mr. Baitle died ia 
 1875, and his wife, in 1891, aged ninety years. 
 
 Jacob C. Baetle was born in Oxford, Chenango county, New York, June 39, » 
 1825, and lived in his native county until 1843, when he came to Tioga county, 
 whither his father had preceded him some two years. He labored at farm work 
 in the summer and in the lumber woods during the winter seasons, for six years. 
 In 1849 he purchased 240 acres of land in Delmar township, but subsequently sold 
 the greater portion of it, retaining seventy-two acres, upon which he has since lived. 
 He operated a grist-mill on the place for twelve years, when it was burned. He 
 then ran a mill in Charleston township for three years, at the end of which time he 
 erected a mill upon the old site, conducted it four years, when it was again burned, 
 and he has since devoted his whole attention to farming. Mr. Bartle was married 
 April 6, 1848, to Eunice Bacon, a daughter of Oliver Bacon. She was born January 
 15, 1828, and bore him a family of seven children, viz: Henrietta H., who has been 
 twice married, first to P. G-. Lyon, by whom she had four children, and afterwards 
 to J. T. "Wortendyke, of Delmar township; Clara J., who died April 9, 1890; Eli, 
 a resident of Shippen township; Adaline, wife of Henry J. Mitchell, of Delmar; 
 Nellie E., wife of Wilbur P. West, of Delmar; Lottie T., wife of Charles L. Miller, 
 of Addison, New York, and Eloise, wife of Clinton West, of Delmar township. Mrs. 
 Bartle died September 7, 1890, aged sixty-two years. The family are adherents of 
 the Presbyterian church, and in politics, Eepublicans. Mr. Bartle has been a school 
 director for three years, and is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 William Tatloh, born in Chenango county. New York, June 29, 1807, was 
 a son of Andrew and Julia (Stephens) Taylor. His father was a native of Scotland, 
 and his mother the first white female child born in Otsego county, New York. 
 They were the parents of five children: William, Andrew, James, Cornelia and 
 Martha, all of whom are dead. William was reared upon a farm, and married 
 Caroline Webb, a daughter of James Webb, of Chenango county. New York, who 
 bore him two children: William A., of Delmar township, and Julia A., wife of W. 
 S. Moore, of the same township. In 1844 Mr. Taylor and family came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he purchased the farm in Delmar township now owned 
 by his son, William A. Here he resided until his death, June 19, 1877. His widow 
 resides with William A. upon the old homestead. 
 
 William A. Tatloe, only son of William and Caroline Taylor, was bom in 
 Chenango county. New York, August 23, 1833, and was eleven years old when his 
 parents settled in Delmar township. He attended the public schools, and also the 
 Deerfield and Wellsboro Academies, and has since devoted his attention to agri- 
 culture, inheriting the farm purchased by his father in 1844. He commenced 
 teaching school when nineteen years of age, and taught for twenty winters, seven- 
 teen of them in Delmar township. The Taylor homestead contains 150 acres, and is 
 located one mile north of Olmsville. Mr. Taylor was married January 20, 1868, to 
 Sarah M. Horton, a daughter of George and Harriet (Plagg) Horton. She was bom 
 June 21, 1843, and is the mother of four children, viz: Edith E., William E., Caro- 
 line H. and George L. Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 In politics, Mr. Taylor is a Eepublican, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and 
 the K. of G. E. societies. 
 
 LoEON Nobles, retired farmer, was bom in Westfield, Massachusetts, February 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 747 
 
 11, 1813, a son of Elijah and Martha (Drake) Nobles. He was reared in his native 
 town, and when eighteen years of age began work in a cigar factory, where he re- 
 mained two years. For tlie succeedtag five years he found employment in a brick- 
 yard, and afterwards worked two years in a butt factory. He worked five years 
 in an ax factory, and for a short time as a farm hand. In 1844 he removed from 
 Massachusetts to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm of ninety-two 
 acres in Delmar township, which he disposed of six years later and bought 100 acres 
 in the same township. He sold the latter in 1887, and purchased his present farm, 
 some five miles west of Wellsboro. On July 13, 1836, Mr. Nobles married Jane C. 
 Eussell, to which union were born the following children: Mary J., wife of Ira C. 
 "Wilson, of Delmar; William and George A., who enlisted in Company A, One Hun- 
 dred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and died in the service; Ella, wife 
 of William M. Wilson, of Delmar; Daniel L., of Tioga; Julia, wife of George W. 
 Balfour, of Antrim, and Ferdinand E., a fanner of Delmar. In politics, Mr. Nobles 
 is a Eepublican, and both he and wife are members of the Baptist church, and also 
 of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Feedinand E. Nobles, youngest child of Loron and Jane C. Nobles, was bom 
 in Delmar township, Tioga county, July 28, 1859, and obtained a common school 
 education. When eighteen years of age he rented a farm, which he cultivated one 
 year, and then went to Michigan and worked in the lumber woods for eighteen 
 months. At the end of this time he opened a boarding house, which he carried on 
 for a year and a half, and then returned to Tioga county. He worked for his father 
 a short time, then purchased fifty acres of land from the latter, and has since been 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits. In the spring of 1894 he opened a small grocery 
 store, which he conducts in connection with his farm. Mr. Nobles was married 
 February 19, 1890, to Lida Boyden, a daughter of Charles F. Boyden, of Delmar, and 
 has four children: Jesse L., Bessie J., Zorado Mildred and Clara Lydia. Mrs. 
 Nobles is a member of the Baptist church. He is connected with the P. of H., and 
 politically, is a Eepublican. 
 
 Geoege Valsing was born in Germany, July 32, 1835, a son of Martin and 
 Anna Valsing, who immigrated from Germany to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, with 
 their family, consisting of three children, George, Walter and Veronia, and located 
 on the present Valsing farm in Delmar township, Here Mr. Valsing died May 14, 
 1855, aged forty-nine years. His wife died May 17, 1870, aged sixty years, after 
 an illness of four years. George was seven years old when the family came to this 
 county, and grew to manhood on the homestead farm. On Noyember 35, 1868, he 
 married Clara Dartt, a daughter of Eussell Dartt, of Delmar township, to which 
 union were bom four children, viz: Walter, bom September 1, 1873; Nellie J., 
 March 4, 1875, a graduate of the State Normal School at Lock Haven, and a teacher 
 by profession; Hattie, October 34, 1878, and Eussell, March 30, 1881, all of whom 
 reside with their mother on the old homestead. Mr. Valsing died January 3, 1883. 
 He was an ardent Eepublican, and an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 The family attended that church, and Mrs. Valsing and her two oldest children axe 
 members of the Patrons of Husbandry. Walter has chaxge of the farm, and has 
 proven himself a good son, and an energetic farmer. 
 
 Feedinaitd T. Stuemee was born in Prussia, Germany, January 10, 1803, there 
 
748 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 learned the harness mater's trade, which he followed in his native laad up to 1836. 
 In that year he immigrated to New York City, worked at his trade there for a short 
 time, and then came to Manchester, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he found 
 employment in saw-miUs for eight years. At the end of this time he purchased 
 eighty acres of land in Delmar township, and devoted his attention to farming in 
 the summer seasons and working at his trade in Wellsboro during the winter. In 
 1844 he married Diana Bernauer, who became the mother of five children, viz: 
 George, of Delmar; Mary L., deceased wife of Walter Wetherbee; Maria A., deceased 
 wife of Edward D. Fisher; Frances, wife of Eobert L. Wilson, of Delmar, and Fer- 
 dinand, who died at the age of twenty. Mr. Sturmer died February 5, 1873, and his 
 wife, December 13, 1887. 
 
 Geoege Stuemee, eldest child of Ferdinand T. Sturmer, was bom in Shippen 
 township, Tioga county, December 36, 1845. He was reared on a farm, attended 
 the district school in boyhood, and worked for his parents until he was thirty-one 
 years old. He then purchased the homestead farm from the other heirs, and operated 
 it until 1886, when he sold the property and purchased his present farm of eighty- 
 seven acres in Delmar township. He also owns fifty-three acres of timber land in 
 Shippen. On June 13, 1877, Mr. Sturmer married Eliza Boot, a daughter of George 
 and Polly (Wilson) Eoot, of Liberty township. They are the parents of four chil- 
 dren, viz: Eay V., deceased; Eank V., Eoss M. and George E. He is a member of 
 the P. of H., and politically, a Eepublican. 
 
 Daniel Fishee was born in Germany, in 1815, a son of Peter and Elizabeth 
 (Lininger) Fisher. He grew to manhood in his native land, and in 1837 immigrated 
 to the United States and found employment on a farm in New Jersey for three years. 
 He subsequently clerked in a grocery store in Few York City for several months, 
 and then removed to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where he spent one year. The 
 following year he lived in Susquehanna county, on a farm, and then came to Tioga 
 county. After working one year as a farm hand, he purchased 100 acres of land 
 in Delmar township, located upon it, and has since been engaged in farming and 
 lumbering. In 1843, he married Catherine Sticklin, a daughter of Henry and Mar- 
 garet (Grosjean) Sticklin, to which union have been born nine children, viz: Mar- 
 garet, wife of James English, of Kansas; Edward D., of Wellsboro; Adelia, wife of 
 Nelson Wedge, of Kansas; Carrie, deceased; Mary, wife of Frank Parks, of Delmar; 
 Henry, who lives with his parents; Annie, wife of Lewis Deane, of Delaware county, 
 New York; John, a farmer of Shippen township, and Albert C, at home. Mrs. 
 Fisher is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. In politics, Mr. Fisher is a 
 Democrat, and has filled the ofiice of school director. 
 
 Edwaed D. Fishee, eldest son of Daniel Fisher, was born in Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, January 18, 1845, was reared on the homestead and obtained a com- 
 mon school education. At the age of eighteen he began working in the lumber 
 woods in Delmar township, which business he continued for eighteen years. He 
 then purchased a farm in Delmar, cultivated it for eight years, and then sold it and 
 bought his present farm of 106 acres within the borough limits. Mr. Fisher was mar- 
 ried March 30, 1876, to Maria A. Sturmer, a daughter of Ferdinand T. and Diana 
 (Bernauer) Sturmer, of Delmar. She died May 33, 1879, aged thirty-two years. 
 He was again married March 5, 1883, to Corrinne West, a daughter of Luther and 
 
BI06EAPHICAL SKETCHES. 749 
 
 Eosalthe (Keeney) West, of Middlebury township. They have an adopted son, 
 Harry, born June 39, 1878. Mrs. Fisher is a member of the Christian church. In 
 politics, Mr. Fisher is a Democrat, and has served as supervisor of Delmar and as- 
 sessor of Wellsboro. 
 
 Ira D. Hotchkiss was born in Harpersfield, Delaware county. New York, Oc- 
 tober 16, 1825, and is the youngest in a family of six children born to Joseph and 
 Lydia (Davenport) Hotchkiss, only two of whom are living. The father died in 
 1831, aged forty-one years, and his wife, in 1875, aged eighty-three. Ira D. was 
 reared on a farm, and obtained his education in the public school of his native town. 
 In 1845 he came to Knoxville, Tioga county, where he was engaged as a clerk in a 
 general store for five and a half years. He then went to Hornellsville, New York, 
 and followed clerking for three years, at the end of which time he opened a store in 
 Jasper, New York, where he carried on merchandising for six and a half years. 
 Selling out he returned to Tioga county and rented a farm in Deerfield township, 
 which he worked for six years, and then located on his father-in-law's farm in 
 Delmar township. At the end of one year he moved to Bath, New York, to take 
 charge of the Davenport Orphan Girls' Home fajm, his wife serving as matron of 
 that institution. They occupied these respective positions for six and a half years, 
 and in 1873 again returned to Tioga county and purchased his present farm of 
 sixty-seven acres, a short distance south of Wellsboro. Mr. Hotchkiss was married 
 in 1854, to Sarah Bulkley, a daughter of George Bulkley, of Deerfield township, and 
 has two children by that marriage: Lucy, wife of E. J. Tuttle, of Delmar, and Carrie, 
 wife of Orrin Penfield, of Delaware county. New York. Mrs. Hotchkiss died in 
 1859, aged twenty-seven years. In 1864, he married Lucy Moore, a daughter of 
 Eiehard Moore, of Delmar township. She is a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church, and both she and her husband belong to the Patrons of Husbandry. In 
 politics, Mr. Hotchkiss is a Eepublican, and has filled the ofiices of assessor and 
 auditor of Delmar township. 
 
 Daeius B. Foed, a native of Smithfield township, Bradford county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, bom July 8, 1837, came to Tioga county in 1845, and purchased the present 
 Ford farm in Delmar township. He cleared and improved this property, and de- 
 voted the balance of his life to farming and lumbering. Mr. Ford was married May 
 5, 1850, to Sarah A. Symonds, bom on January 39, 1831. Six children were the 
 fruits of this union, named as follows: Laurena M., Caroline G., wife of Charles W. 
 Fuller, of Charleston township; Emeline L., wife of Hiram Tomb, of Delmar; 
 Cassius M. and Elmer E., both residents of Delmar, and Clara S., wife of Lee 
 English, of the same township. Mrs. Ford died March 15, 1883, and her husband, 
 November 7, 1889. 
 
 Cassitjs M. Foed, second son of Darius B. Ford, was born in Delmar town- 
 ship, Tioga county, April 16, 1859, and has spent his entire life upon the home- 
 stead farm, where he has devoted his attention to agriculture. He married Addie 
 Dibble, a daughter of Calvin Dibble, October 27, 1877. Mr. Ford is a Eepublican, 
 in politics, and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Vine Baldwin was bom near Athens, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in 1784, 
 the first white male child born in that locality. He was a son of Thomas and a grand- 
 son of Isaac Baldwin, pioneers of Bradford county. He married Sarah Burt, of 
 
750 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Chemung county, New York, who bore him seven children, as follows: Thomas, 
 a resident of Troy, Bradford county; Vine H. and Eobert C, both deceased; 
 Mrs. Martha Kress, deceased;' Mrs. Mary Pickering, deceased; Miles 
 C, of Chemung county. New York, and Morgan. In 1834 Mr. Baldwin came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and bought a large tract of land on the "Big Marsh," 
 now the site of Stokesdale, but after a few years' residence here he moved 
 to Chemung county, New York, where he died in 1872. 
 
 Vine H. Baldvfin was born in Eidgebury township, Bradford county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1815, second son of Vine Baldwin. He was reared on a farm, and ob- 
 tained a common school education. In 1847 he came to Tioga county and purchased 
 eighty acres of land in Delmar township, to which he subsequently added by other 
 purchases until he owned 365 acres. On May 37, 1853, Mr. Baldwin married 
 Cynthia D. Boyden, a daughter of Addison Boyden, of Canada, to which marriage 
 were born five children, viz:' Thomas, a farmer of Delmar township; Charlotte, 
 who died Novemiber 17, 1883; Eosette, wife of Eugene English, of Shippen; Alfred 
 M., of Delmar, and Charles V., of the same township. Mr. Baldwin filled the offices 
 of overseer of the poor and supervisor, and in politics, was a Eepublican. He died 
 May 3 1887, and his wife, November 9, 1890. 
 
 Alfeed M. Baldvtin was born upon the present homestead farm, in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, July 4, 1864, a son of Vine H. Baldwin. He attended the 
 district school, and when twenty-one years of age took charge of a farm in Delmar 
 township given him by his father, where he has since lived. On December 17, 1887, 
 he married Ella Ainsley, a daughter of Marvin Ainsley, of Potter county. In 
 polities, Mr. Baldwin is a Eepublican. 
 
 Joseph Mitchell was bom in Yorkshire, England, December 24, 1833, a son 
 of James and Martha (Driver) Mitchell, natives of Scotland and England, 
 respectively. James Mitchell was a miner by occupation, and was a foreman of 
 itiines in England and Nova Scotia during the greater portion of his life. He was 
 the father of the following children: Eobert, William, Jeremiah, James S. and 
 Charles, all of whom are dead; Henry, a retired mine owner of Nova Scotia; Grace 
 and Thomas, both deceased, and Joseph, of Delmar. Mr. Mitchell died in Nova 
 Scotia, aged fifty years. His widow came to the United States with her three sons, 
 Henry, Thomas and Joseph, and located in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, whence 
 they removed one year later to Blossburg, Tioga county, where the sons found 
 employment in the mines. She died at the home of her son Joseph, in Delmar town- 
 ship, aged ninety-three years. The subject of this sketch was fifteen years old 
 when his mother came to Pennsylvania. He worked in the mines near Blossburg 
 four years, and later five years in the mines at Morris Eun. He then moved to 
 Liberty township, purchased a farm, and lived upon it ten years. Selling out, he 
 bought coal lands in Morris township, now known as the "Mitchell Mines," and 
 operated them for twelve years, at the end of which time he sold the property and 
 bought his present farm in Delmar township, on which he has since resided. Mr. 
 Mitchell was married July 15, 1854, to Sarah Langwith, a daughter of Henry Lang- 
 with, of Nova Scotia, who has borne him seven children, viz: Henry J., of Delmar 
 township; Martha, who died at the age of four years; Grace, wife of Ford Kings- 
 bury, of Hoytville; Jennie, wife of "William Shaw, of Elmira, New York; Annie, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 751 
 
 Sadie and Elizabeth, all of whom live with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell and 
 their three youngest daughters, are members of the Patrons of Husbandry, and in 
 politics, the family is strongly Eepublican. 
 
 Heney J. Mitchell, eldest child of Joseph Mitchell, was born in Morris Eun, 
 Tioga county. May 4, 1855, and was reared beneath the parental roof. From the age 
 of twelve years he worked in his father's mines in Morris township, at which business 
 he continued until he was twenty-four. He later conducted a hotel at Sand Eun, 
 Tioga county, for two years, and then purchased a farm on East Hill, Delmar town- 
 ship, which he cultivated five years. At the end of this time he sold out and bought 
 his present farm, which originally embraced 173 acres, off which he has since sold 
 seventy-two acres, leaving 100 acres of well-improved land, to which he has recently 
 added thirty-one acres. He makes a specialty of dairy farming, keeping about six- 
 teen cows. Mr. Mitchell was married July 29, 1879, to Adaline Bartle, a daughter 
 of J. C. Bartle, of Delmar township, and has three children, viz: Martha, Harry B. 
 and Eunice. Mrs. Mitchell is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics, 
 Mr. Mitchell is an ardent Eepublican, and has been assistant assessor of Delmar 
 one term. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and he and his wife are members of 
 the Daughters of Eebekah, and also of Stony Fork Grange, 'No. 1033, P. of H. They 
 have always taken a deep interest in the growth and progress of Pomona Grange. 
 
 AuGTJSTTis P. AND Chaeles Keeislee were natives of Bremen, Germany. The 
 former came to the United States alone and located in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 purchasing the present Kreisler farm in Delmar township. Charles came out a few 
 years later to visit his brother, and concluded to remain here. He married Martha 
 Putman, a daughter of John Putman. She was born August 33, 1838, and became 
 the mother of six children, as follows: William A., a lumberman on Marsh creek; 
 Andrew J., a farmer in Nebraska; Eliza, deceased; Elias E., of Delmar; Nettie M., 
 wife of William Vandergrift, and Franklin L. Charles Kreisler died in 1867, and 
 his widow married his brother, Augustus P., who died April 6, 1884. Mrs. Kreisler 
 lives with her son, Elias E., on the old homestead. 
 
 Elias E. Keeislee was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, September 10, 
 1854, a son of Charles and Martha Kreisler. He was reared on the farm, and attended 
 the common schools of his district. Since the death of his step-father, Augustus P. 
 Kreisler, he has owned and cultivated the homestead, which embraces eighty-seven 
 acres. On October 38, 1885, he married Mary J. Bartle, a daughter of Eansford D.. 
 and Cordelia Bartle, and has two children, Delia A. and Otto E. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Kreisler are members of the Patrons of Husbandry, and he is also connected with the 
 I. 0. 0. P. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 William Statts was born in Darmstadt, Germany, June 31, 1799, there grew 
 to manhood and married Maria Doahvengen. In 1841 he immigrated with his 
 family to Baltimore, Maryland, where he worked as a laborer seven or eight years, at. 
 the end of which period he came to Shippen township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and worked in the saw-mills for about fifteen years. He then removed to Delmar 
 township, and made his home with his children until his death. May 3, 1870. To 
 William and Maria Statts were born the following children: Johann, a resident of 
 Eichmond, Virginia; Margaret, deceased; John, of Delmar township; Henry W., of 
 
752 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the same township; Anna K., and James, both deceased. Mrs. Statts died November 
 7, 1885, aged eighty-six years. 
 
 John Statts, eldest son of William Statts, was bom in Germany, February 28, 
 1825, and came with his parents to Tioga county. He worked in saw-mills for 
 fifteen years, during which time he bought his present farm of ninety-two acres, 
 four miles west of Wellsboro. The land was then covered by the primitive forest, 
 but by hard and diligent labor he has converted it into a fertile farm. In 1852 Mr. 
 Statts married Mary Smith, and has reared three children, viz: Margaret, de- 
 ceased wife of Charles Balfour; William A., who lives on the home farm, and Mary, 
 wife of Joseph E. Fishier, of Delmar. Mr. Statts is a member of the Presbyterian 
 church, while his wife is an adherent of the Catholic church. Politically, he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 William A. Statts, only son of John Statts, and grandson of William Statts, 
 was bom in Shippen township, Tioga county. May 6, 1854. He attended the com- 
 mon schools of this county, and has spent his entire life with his parents on the home 
 farm. He was married September 28, 1875, to Anna Eosette Fisehler, a daughter 
 of John Fisehler, of Delmar township. Six children have blessed this union, viz: 
 Laura M., John W., Edward Lloyd, William Leon, deceased; Albert Joseph and 
 Leo Leonard. The family are members of the Catholic church. In politics, Mr. 
 Statts is a Democrat, and has served as clerk of Delmar for three terms. 
 
 Henet W. Statts was bom in Germany, March 29, 1831, and came to Balti- 
 more, Maryland, with his parents when about nine years old, and subsequently to 
 Shippen township, Tioga county, where he worked in the saw-mills of that locality 
 for eight years. He afterwards came to Delmar township, bought twenty acres of 
 land on the Pine Creek road, and began farming. In 1884 he purchased his present 
 farm of sixty-seven acres, on the Stowell road, four miles west of Wellsboro. Mr. 
 Statts was married October 15, 1853, to Maria E. Kiphart, who has borne him four 
 children, viz: Annie I., who died June 13, 1862; Carrie Viola, wife of M. W. 
 Carpenter, of Cedar Eun, Lycoming county; Eose who died in infancy, and Maud 
 Ellen, a student at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima, ISI'ew York. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Statts are members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 Allen Webstee, a native of Massachusetts, bom November 22, 1805, came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1825, and purchased a farm in Sullivan township, 
 where he resided until his death. He was twice married. His first wife. Thanks 
 Norton, was bom September 5, 1806, and bore him six children, viz: Alvin N., of 
 Delmar township; Solomon, deceased; James D., a farmer in Shippen township; 
 Triphena, wife of Noah Bradway, of Eichmond township; William, a farmer of Sul- 
 livan, and Ellen, deceased. His second wife was Laura Tinkham, who became the 
 mother of three children, viz: Ehoda, Orso and Berdett, all residents of Sullivan 
 township. Mrs. Webster died upon the homestead in that township. 
 
 Alvin N. Webstee, eldest child of Allen and Thanks (Norton) Webster, was 
 bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county, April 5, 1829, was reared on a farm, and 
 educated in the common schools. At the age of twenty-one he began working out 
 as a farm hand and in the lumber woods, which he followed one year. In 1851 he 
 purchased his present farm in Delmar township, of 103 acres, then covered with 
 the primitive forest, which he has since cleared and improved, devoting his entire 
 
(j}Ja^nd^ c^^^>^-(-<^ 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 753 
 
 attention to agriculture. On July 8, 1856, he married Esther M. Woo&ter, a 
 daughter of Moses Wooster, of Chenango county, New York. She was bom March 
 8, 1832, and is the mother of four children, viz: Ellen E., deceased; Violetta, wife 
 of Luther Walbridge, of Delmar; Carrie M., wife of Arthur Stratton, of Niles Valley, 
 and Sarah L., wife of William F. Gitchell. Mr. Webster and wife are members of 
 the Baptist church, and politically, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 James Olmstead, a native of Ireland, came to the United States in early man- 
 hood, and learned the blacksmith's trade, in which business he became quite pro- 
 ficient. He worked for many years at Milltown, near Wftverly, New York, and 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1865. He purchased a farm near Wellsboro, 
 upon which he passed the remaining years of his life. Mr. Olmstead was the father 
 of five children, viz: Henry, a resident of Great Bend, New York; Stephen, deceased; 
 Ashmond, a resident of Sayre, Bradford county; Jane, widow of George Ayres, of 
 Sayre, and Clement P. He also reared two adopted daughters, viz: Mrs. Kate 
 Denmark, of Wellsboro, and Mrs. Sarah Eussell, of Delmar. 
 
 Clement P. Olmstead was bom at Milltown, near Waverly, New York, in 
 1834, there grew to manhood, and in 1852 purchased the present Olmstead farm of 
 120 acres in Delmar township, Tioga county, upon which he settled the same year. 
 Some years later he lost his mind, and in 1876 wandered away from home and never 
 returned. It is supposed that he died in the dense forest then covering this portion 
 of the county. He married Sarah J. Townsend, who reared three children, Jacob 
 E., Francis H. and Charles E., all farmers of Delmar township. Mrs. Olmstead 
 resides with her son, Jacob E., on the old homestead. 
 
 Jacob E. Olmstead, eldest child of Clement P. and Sarah J. Olmstead. was 
 bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, September 24, 1855. From the age of 
 seven to fourteen years he worked out for his board and clothes, and had very little 
 advantage to obtain an education. When fourteen years old, he commenced working 
 as a farm hand in summer and in the lumber woods during the winter seasons, which 
 he followed until 1881. He then rented a farm, which he cultivated four years. In 
 1885 he and his brother, Charles E., bought his present farm, but in 1889 he pur- 
 chased his brother's interest. This is the same property owned by his father, which 
 had passed out of the family's possession. Mr. Olmstead was married February 2, 
 1887, to Olive V. Stradley, a daughter of Archibald T. Stradley, of Lycoming county. 
 They have four children, Lealon C, Cleovia J., and Gail A. and Gladys L., twins. 
 Politically, Mr. Olmstead is a Eepublican. 
 
 Eanseoed D. Babtle was bom in Chenango coimty, New York, February 20, 
 1832, a son of John W. and Arvilla (Hill) Bartle. His father was born in Che- 
 nango county, January 28, 1804, a son of David Bartle, and married Arvilla Hill, a 
 daughter of Chauncey Hill, in 1831. They were the parents of five children, as 
 follows: Eansford D., of Delmar township; Erwin D., who resided on the old home- 
 stead in Chenango county, until his death, January 29, 1896; John S., deceased; 
 David W., who died at Oxford, New York, February 3, 1897, and Newton D., a resi- 
 dent of Guilford, Chenango county. The father died November 7, 1871, and the 
 mother, October 14, 1890, aged seventy-eight years. Eansford D. was reared on a 
 farm, and worked at home until he was twenty years old. In 1852 he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, purchased a farm in Covington township, and culti- 
 
 48 
 
754 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 vated it eight years. He then sold it and came tO' Delmar township, where he pur- 
 chased his present farm of 156 acres, on which he has since resided. Mr. Bartle 
 was married June 22, 1854, to Cordelia Allen, a daughter of Thomas and Deborah 
 (Walker) Allen, of Cazenovia, New York. Ten children have been bom to this 
 union, viz: Sophia A., wife of Edwin Campbell, of Delmar; Saxah Phinnie, wife of 
 William Campbell, of the same township; Carrie D., deceased wife of William B. 
 Eberenz; Thomas W., a miller at Stony Pork; Mary J., wife of Elias Kreisler, of 
 Delmar; Alanson P., Birdie A., Arthur S., who maxried Isabel Copestick, a daughter 
 of Charles Copestick, and Earl L., all of whom reside at home, and Lewis V., who died 
 Pebruary 2, 1892, in his twelfth year. Mr. Bartle is a stanch Democrat, and one 
 of the progressive farmers of Delmar. 
 
 Lewis P. Hastings was born in Smithville, Chenango county, New York, May 
 2, 1833, a son of William P. and Diana (Johnson) Hastings. He is the youngest in 
 the family of seven children, named as follows: Sarah A., Clarinda and John S., all 
 of whom are dead; Elizabeth, widow of Lucius Campbell, of Stony Pork; Edward, 
 deceased; Catherine, wife of C. E. Whitman, of Oswego, New York, and Lewis P. 
 The subject of this sketch obtained a good common school education, and came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, when nineteen years of age. After working nine years 
 as a farm hand, he bought his present farm of eighty acres in Delmar township, 
 where he has since devoted his attention to farming. Mr. Hastings married Ann 
 Augusta Bartle, a daughter of Angus Bartle, of Delmar township, and has three 
 children, viz: Elva D., Fred B. and Charles L., all residents of Delmar. In politics, 
 Mr. Hastings is a Democrat, and is also a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Patrick H. Scanlin was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, September 
 15, 1832, a son of Thomas and Mary (Hennessy) Scanlin, natives of Ireland. 
 Patrick is the third in a family of five children, viz: John, a resident of Bradford 
 county; Annie, who died when six years old; Patrick H., of Delmar township; 
 Thomas, who lives in Bradford county, and Mary, wife of James Hyde, of Sullivan 
 county. Both the parents are deceased. The subject of this sketch was reaxed on 
 a farm, attended the public schools of his native county, and when twenty-one years 
 of age came to Tioga county and worked in the lumber woods five years. He then 
 purchased his present farm of 160 acres in Delmar township, on which he has since 
 lived. Mr. Scanlin was married Pebruary 1, 1861, to Ellen Johnson, a daughter 
 of Abraham and Maryett Johnson, of Delmar township. Six children are the fruits 
 of this marriage, named as follows: Charles, who married Dela Marshall, and lives 
 in Wellsboro; Thomas, Mary, Annie, John, who died March 17, 1895, and Daniel, 
 the last two being twins. Mr. Scanlin is a stanch Eepublican, and one of the sub- 
 stantial farmers of his township. 
 
 Stlvanus Mooke was born in McDonough, Chenango county, New York, 
 June 7, 1812, a son of Sylvanus Moore, a native of Connecticut, who came to Che- 
 nango county itfearly manhood, where he followed farming and was also agent for the 
 Ludlow Land Company. He was twice jnarried, and reared quite a large family, 
 only five of whom are living. The parents died in New York state. The subject 
 of this sketch was reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his native 
 county. He followed farming and Itimbering there until 1854, when he cam.e to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased the farm in Delmar township on which 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 755 
 
 his son, William S., now resides. He married Mary D. Wilcox, a daughter of Simon 
 and Anna Wilcox, to which union were born eight children, viz: Charlotte, widow 
 of J. S. Coles; Henry, deceased; William S., of Delmar; Louisa, wife of Fra.nk 
 Dodge, of Elmer, Potter county; Uriah B., deceased; Adelbert, of Delmar; Emeline, 
 deceased, and Herman S., a resident of Elmer, Potter county. Mrs. Moore died 
 July 24, 1878, aged sixty-nine years. Her husband died March 27, 1895, in Outa- 
 gamie county, Wisconsin. 
 
 William S. Moore was bom in McDonough, Chenango county. New York, 
 April 18, 1838, was reared upon the farm in his native county, and received his 
 education in the common schools. He was sixteen years old when his parents located 
 in Delmar township, Tioga county, and he remained at home assisting in the duties 
 of the farm until his majority. He then began working in a saw-mill on Pine creek, 
 but at the end of six months took a lumber job and rafted the lumber down 
 Pine creek and the Susquehanna to Columbia, which business he followed 
 two years. He then purchased 400 acres of timber land in Delmar town- 
 ship, and devoted four years to clearing and improving it, still continuing 
 in the lumber business. In 1867 he moved on his present farm, once 
 owned by his father, on which he has since resided. In 1865 he mar- 
 ried Julia Adelaide Taylor, a daughter of William and Caroline (Webb) Taylor, 
 of Delmar, and has two children, viz: Wilburn T., bom December 26, 1867, who 
 married Hulda Devowl, and has four children: Carl, Asyrius, Cleris aud an in- 
 fant daughter; and Marian, who married Alfred Walbridge, had two children, 
 Marian and Florence, and died May 3, 1892. Mr. Moore and son are members of 
 the I. 0. 0. P., and in politics, adherents of the Eepublican party. 
 
 John Pischler was bom in Germany, in 1832, a son of Joseph and Margaret 
 (Hoagg) Pischler. He attended the public schools of his native land, and in 1854, 
 when twenty-two years old, immigrated to the United States, coming soon after- 
 wards to Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He worked on a farm for Samuel 
 Dickinson one season, and then went to Charleston township, where he worked for 
 James Kelley seven years. In 1862 he purchased his present farm of 112 acres, 
 four miles west of Wellsboro, which he cleared and improved and upon which he 
 has since lived. In 1856 Mr. Pischler married Wilhelmina Kohler, who is the 
 mother of the following children: Anna K., wife of W. A. Statts, of Delmar; Lena, 
 wife- of Lewis B. Smith, of Delmar; Joseph E., a farmer in the same township; 
 Louisa, wife of Joseph Glass, of Wellsboro; Sarali, wife of Daniel McCarty, of the 
 same place; Maggie, wife of Otto Martz, also a resident of Wellsboro; Samuel and 
 Maiy, both living at home. The family are members of the Catholic church, and 
 in polities, adherents of the Democratic party. 
 
 Avert Kennedy, a son of Alexander and Catherine (Brown) Kennedy, was 
 born in Vermont, in 1800. He was reared on a farm, and made farming his life vo- 
 cation, first locating in Springfield township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 whence he came to Tioga county about 1856. He purchased a farm in Delmar 
 township, upon which he resided until his death, in 1870. He was a local preacher 
 in the Free Will Baptist church, and preached the gospel in Bradford and Tioga 
 counties. Mr. Kennedy was twice married. His first wife, Julia A. Wilcox, was the 
 mother of seven children, viz: Philura and Mary A., both deceased; Avery J., of 
 
756 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Delmar; Daniel and Evelyn, both deceased; Alexander A., a resident of Minnesota, 
 and Samuel W., of Delmar. His second wife was Axey Hugg, who bore him eight 
 ohildren, viz: Stephen F., of Wellsboro; Eussell, of Middlebury; Olive, wife of 
 Eobert Francis, of Shippen; William, deceased; Lydia, wife of Dickison Francis, 
 of Delmar; Hosea, of the same township; Jennie, wife of Thomas Ashley, and 
 Letitia, wife of Frank Kennedy, both residents of Delmar. 
 
 Samuel W. Kennedy, youngest child of Avery and Julia A. (Wilcox) Kennedy, 
 was bom in Springfield township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, February 28, 
 ihoi. He followed farming in his native county until the removal of the family to 
 Delmar township, Tioga county, where he subsequently purchased his present farm 
 of 133 acres, upon which he located in 1866. In 1855 he married Emma E. Wright, 
 a daughter of James Wright, of Eutland township, Tioga county. She was bom 
 January 20, 1838, and is the mother of five children, viz: Charles E., a farmer of 
 Shippen township; Amanda F., wife of Willard Ashley, of Shippen; Fannie M., 
 wife of Isaac B. Horton, of Delmar; Lewis W., who was bora July 31, 1862, pur- 
 chased the homestead from his father in 1893, and has since cultivated it, and 
 Delia M., who lives at home. Mrs. Kennedy is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and both she and husband, also their son, Lewis W., are connected with the 
 Patrons of Husbandry. In politics, the family are adherents of the Democratic 
 paxty. 
 
 Chaelbs Goodeeau was bom in St. Hyacinthe, Canada, March 22, 1818, a son 
 of Charles and Mary (Labeaux) Goodreau, and the eldest of a family of five children. 
 When nineteen years of age he went to Saratoga county, New York, and followed 
 farming some fifteen years. He then removed to Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he was engaged in the lumber business some years, and afterwards operated 
 a tannery at Canton, Bradford county, from 1849 to 1852. In 1856 he came to 
 Tioga county and located at Wellsboro, but three years later bought his present 
 farm in Delmar township, where he has since devoted his attention to agricultxire, 
 with the exception of a short time that he owned and operated a saw-mill at Stony 
 Fork. Mr. Goodreau was married June 9, 1875, to Maggie Kennedy, a daughter of 
 George W. Kennedy, of Delmar. Five children are the fruits of this union, viz: 
 William L., bom October 6, 1876; Mary L., September 9, 1878; Charles L., Sep- 
 tember 13, 1880; Mortimer E., November 19, 1882, and Eex E., February 9, 1886. 
 Mrs. Goodreau and children are connected with the Baptist church, and also with 
 the Patrons of Husbandry. Politically, the family is Democratic. 
 
 Simon Geoss, a native of Connecticut, bom in 1782, came from Chenango 
 county. New York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1840. He was a shoemaker, 
 but followed farming in this county for two years, then removed to Potter county, 
 purchased a farm, and was accidentally killed in 1848. He married Clarissa Starkey, 
 who bore him nine children, viz: Abraham, Lucy, Currency, Morilla, Loduskey, 
 Angeline (all of whom are dead), California, Ersula and William S. Mrs.Gross died 
 in 1839, aged sixty years, and he subsequently married Julia E. Taylor, but had no 
 issue by this marriage. 
 
 William S. Geoss was born in Oxford, Chenango county. New York, May 11, 
 1825, and was fifteen years old when his parents came to Tioga county. Two years 
 later he went with them to Potter county, where he followed farming up to 1857, 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 757 
 
 when he sold his property and bought a farm in Shippen township, Tioga county, 
 on which he hved three years. He then sold it and purchased his present home- 
 stead in Delmar township, where he has devoted his attention to farming and the 
 carpenter's trade, which he learned in early manhood. In 1847 he married Martha 
 Taylor, who bore him three children, viz: William D., a blacksmith and farmer 
 of Delmar; John D., a merchant, and Martha C. Mrs. Gross died in April, 1862, 
 aged thirty-three years. In September, 1863, he married Julia E. Kennedy, and 
 has two children by this union: Hiram A., of Delmar, and Emma, wife of Avery 
 Francis, of Delmar. Mr. and Mrs. Gross are members of the Free Will Baptist 
 church, and in politics, he is a Eepubliean. 
 
 William D. Geoss was bom in Potter county, Peimsylvania, March 9, 1850, 
 and followed farming until he was twenty-five years of age. He then learned the 
 blacksmith's trade, to which he devotes his principal attention, though he also gives 
 some attention to agriculture. He is the owner of two farms in Delmar township. 
 
 HiHAM A. Gross was born in Shippen township, Tioga county, September 4, 
 1863, a son of William S. and Julia E. Gross. He has followed farming and lum- 
 bering the greater portion of his life. On September 28, 1885, he married Eosa 
 Francis, a daughter of Eobert Francis, of Shippen township, and has two children, 
 Samuel L. and Eobert W. Mrs. Gross is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. In politics, Mr. Gross is a Eepubliean, and is also a member of the K. of 
 G. E. He resides on the old homestead with his parents. 
 
 Lucius L. EussELL was born in Hector, Tompkins county. New York, August 
 14, 1819, a son of Elijah and Esther (Austin) Eussell. He obtained a common 
 school education, and learned the carpenter's trade with his father, which he fol- 
 lowed in New York until 1858. In that year he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and purchased 100 acres of land two miles west of Wellsboro, upon which he settled 
 and resided until his death, November 11, 1873. He followed his trade in connec- 
 tion with agriculture throughout his residence in this county. Prior to his settle- 
 ment in Tioga county, he was superintendent of the public schools in Catlin, Che- 
 mung county. New York. Mr. Eussell was married October 23, 1845, to Ann E. 
 Morse, a daughter of Barak Morse, of Broome county. New York. She was bom 
 January 20, 1825, in TuUy, Onondaga county. New York, and is the mother of 
 seven children, viz: William 0., of Wellsboro; Alice A., wife of Thomas D. Marsh, 
 of the same borough; Kate E., wife of Henry Grosjean, of Stokesdale Junction; 
 John M., of Delmar; Hattie U., wife of Edwin Matson, Jr., of Marsh Creek; Lucius 
 L., of Delmar, and George M., of the same township. Mr. Eussell was a member 
 of the Presbyterian church, to which denomination his widow also belongs. She 
 resides in Wellsboro. 
 
 John- M. Eussell, son of Lucius L. Eussell, was born in Catlin, Chemung 
 county, New York, July 17, 1853, received a common school education, and grew to 
 manhood on the homestead farm. When twenty years of age he began working in 
 the lumber woods on Marsh creek, at which he continued five years. He then bought 
 two tracts of timber land on Heise run, and was in the lumber business up to 1889, 
 when he rented the Edwin Matson, Sr., farm, and has since cultivated it. On April 
 25, 1877, Mr. Eussell married Marian C. Derbyshire, a daughter of William T. 
 Derbyshire, of Delmar township, to which union have been bom four children, viz: 
 
758 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ' Harry H., Kate E., Charles F. and Lura D. Mr. and Mrs. Eussell are members of 
 the Protestant Episcopal church. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and is connected 
 with the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 RoBEKT Oee, a native of Wigtonshire, Scotland, bom in 1807, and a son of 
 James and Catherine (Kenmnre) Orr, was reared and educated in his native land, 
 and there learned the weaver's trade. In 1828 he immigrated to New York City, 
 where he worked at his trade a few years, and then removed to Onondaga county, 
 New York. He continued working at his trade in that county up to 1849, in which 
 year he removed to Wyoming county, where he spent ten years, only part of the time 
 following his trade. In 1859 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and rented a 
 farm one mile south of Wellsboro, in Delmar township, which he cultivated for 
 two years. He then bought a farm adjoining that now owned by Thomas J. Orr, 
 on which he passed the remaining years of his life, dying in September, 1891. He 
 married Delia Cook, and to them were born four children, viz: Catherine, wife 
 of W. E. Tyler, of Minnesota; Thomas J., of Delmar; Eobert S., who was killed 
 before Petersburg, September 9, 1864, while serving in the Union army, and Alice, 
 deceased wife of A. C. Mack. Mrs. Orr died in 1887, aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 Thomas J. Ore, only living son of Eobert Orr, was bom in Onondaga county. 
 New York, May 3, 1843, and was educated in that county and Wyoming county. 
 When seventeen years old he came to Tioga county with his parents, and worked 
 on the homestead farm up to 1885, when he purchased his present property of 217 
 acres, a short distance northwest of Stony Fork, where he makes a specialty of 
 dairy farming, usually keeping twenty-five cows. Mr. Orr was married March 8, 
 1864, to Euth Willard, a daughter of Joseph Willard, of Delmar township, and has 
 three children, viz: Eobert J., Kate E. and Neva A. A daughter of his deceased 
 sister Mrs. Mack, Laura D., also lives with them. Mr. Orr is a stanch Democrat, 
 is a member of the K. of G. E., and both he and wife are connected with the 
 Patrons of Husbandry. He is one of the substantial and progressive farmers of his 
 township. 
 
 Eeuben Heeeington, a native of Owego, Tioga county. New York, bom in 
 1785, came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1821, and located on Pine creek, in 
 what is now Shippen township, where he followed lumbering and farming. He 
 married Eunice Ellis, who bore him nine children, five of whom are living, viz: 
 Jacob, a resident of Potter county; Sally A., wife of C. L. Carsaifr; Charles, of 
 Delmar; Deroy, who lives upon the old homestead in Shippen township, and Har- 
 riet, wife of J. T. Purvis, of Niles Yalley. Mr. Herrington died in 1861, and his 
 wife in 1866. 
 
 Chaeles Heeeixgton, second son of Eeuhen Herrington, was bom in 
 Shippen township, Tioga county, December 23, 1821, was reared upon the home- 
 stead, and obtained a good education in the district schools and at Wellsboro 
 Academy. When twenty-one years of age he opened a store near Gaines, in Potter 
 county, but one year later removed to Middlebury, Tioga county, where he continued 
 merchandising four years, when the store was burned. He had also followed lum- 
 bering in Potter county, which business he continued up to 1859, when he pur- 
 chased his present farm in Delmar township. Mr. Herrington was married in 1849, 
 to Sarah J., a daughter of John Mathers, who has borne him seven children, viz: 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 759 
 
 William M., a traveling salesman; Charles L., deceased; Happy, wife of Edward 
 Bryden, of Wellsboro; Sadie, John P., Carrie, and Jennie, wife of Dr. Charles 
 Main, of Clearfield county. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and in polities, adherents of the Eepublican party. 
 
 John Buenett was born in Ontario county. New York, April 18, 1821, a son 
 of Frederick and Eachel (Wooden) Burnett, the former a son of Major Burnett, 
 a Eevolutionary soldier. John was the fifth in a family of nine children, named 
 as follows: James, a resident of Orleans county. New York; Patrick and Lucelia, 
 both deceased; Abigail, wife of Milo Bronson, of Brockport, New York; John, of 
 Delmar township; Albert, Elizabeth and Louisa, all deceased, and Clinton, a farmer 
 near Brockport. The father died in 1831, and the mother in 1854. The subject 
 of this sketch was reared on a farm and came to Tioga county in the winter of 1859, 
 prior to which time he had worked in a foundry. He rented a farm in Delmar 
 township, and for the following seven years continued to cultivate rented farms on 
 shares. He afterwards kept a boarding house at Blossburg one year, and ran a saw- 
 mill at Tiadaghton the following year. In May, 1868, he purchased his present 
 farm of ninety-three acres in Delmar township, and has since devoted his attention 
 to its cultivation. Mr. Burnett was married in January, 1845, to Delia A. Sears, a 
 daughter of Leonard Sears, of Brockport, New York, who died May 15, 1893, 
 leaving a family of four children, as follows: Franklin A., who lives at home; 
 George F., a merchant and real estate dealer at Galeton; Viola, wife of Edward D. 
 Crippen, and Louisa, wife of Jay Crippen, both residing in Galeton. In politics, 
 the family support the Eepublican party. 
 
 Haeey Daniels Wheelbe was born in Oxford township, Chenango county. 
 New York, June 30, 1839, a son of Harry D. and Lucina (Eace) Wheeler, natives of 
 New York and Massachusetts, respectively, and of English, Irish and German an- 
 cestry. His father was bom in Chenango county. New York, in 1800, was a car- 
 penter, and died in his native town in 1850. His mother died in June, 1893, aged 
 eighty-six years. The subject of this sketch went to work for a farmer in Coventry, 
 Chenango county, when fourteen years of age, and remained with him until he was 
 twenty-one. In 1860 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located at Stony 
 Fork, in Delmar township, and engaged in lumbering. In 1864 he purchased thirty- 
 five acres of land in Delmar, upon which he settled in 1866. He continued in the 
 lumber business until 1875, when he went to Wellsboro as a clerk in the grocery 
 store of his brother, J. C. Wheeler and C. L. Wilcox, with whom he remained two 
 and a half years. He subsequently traveled three years on the road selling cigars and 
 tobaceoes for Thorn Brothers, of Binghamton, New York, and afterwards filled a 
 similar position with George A. Kent & Company, of the same city. Eeturning to 
 his farm in Delmar, he was soon after appointed collector of the township, and 
 served ten years, and later served nine years as constable. In the fall of 1888 he 
 was elected, on the Democratic ticket, a county commissioner, served three years 
 in that ofiice, and has since given his attention to farming. He purchased his 
 present farm of 120 acres in 1874. Mr. Wheeler was married June 16, 1864, to 
 Euth E. Horton, of Green township, Chenango county. New York, who bore him 
 five children, viz: Edward M., Ruth E., Lucina, Arthur B and Grace M. Mrs. 
 Wheeler died December, 4, 1882, and he was again married September 2, 1885, to 
 
760 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Ida T. Butler, of Delmai township, who is the mother of one child. Bertha. Mrs. 
 Wheeler is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and both she and her 
 husband are connected with the P. of H. In politics, he is an unswerving Democrat. 
 
 Thomas Oee was bom in Wigtonshire, Scotland, August 13, 1812, a son of 
 James and Catherine (Kenmure) Orr, the former a sailor by occupation. Thomas 
 was educated in the common schools of his native country, and there learned the 
 stonemason's trade. In September, 1851, he immigrated to Arcade, Wyoming 
 county, New York, where he worked at his trade until April, 1865, when he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm in Delmar township, upon which 
 his son Charles now resides. He followed farming there until 1888, when he re- 
 tired and bought his present home at Stony Fork, where he and his wife are passing 
 their declining years in peace and comfort. Mr. Orr was married January 25, 1842, 
 to Charlotte McLees, a native of Scotland. They are the parents of nine children, 
 viz: Elizabeth J., Sarah, Charles, Charlotte, Agnes, Mary A., Margaret, Maria and 
 Isabel. Mr. Orr and wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and in polities, 
 he is a Republican. He has served three years as a school director, and has always 
 taken a deep interest in educational matters. 
 
 Chakles Oee was born in Scotland, February 11, 1847, and is the only son of 
 Thomas and Charlotte Orr. He was in his fifth year when the family came to the 
 United States, and he obtained his education in the common schools of Wyoming 
 county, New York. He learned the earriagemaker's trade, but after the family 
 came to Tioga county, he worked upon the farm in Delmar township. In 1870-71, 
 he worked at his trade, and in 1875 purchased his present farm from his father, 
 and has since devoted his attention to agriculture. Mr. Orr was married December 
 15, 1871, to Mary A. Symonds, a daughter of Job W. Symonds, of Delmar town- 
 ship, to which union have been bom six children, viz: Harry E., William M., 
 Charles T., Grace C, deceased; Ella M. and Charlotte S. Mr. Orr is a member of 
 the Presbyterian church, and in politics, a Eepublican. He has served as a school 
 director for the past fifteen years. He makes dairy farming a specialty, keeping 
 twenty-five cows, the product from which he sells to Stony Fork Creamery Company, 
 in which he is a stockholder and director. 
 
 John- M. Gentey, physician and surgeon, of Stony Fork, was bom in Green 
 county, Virginia, February 26, 1843, a son of John and Caroline (Douglass) Gentry, 
 and of English and Scotch extracation. His father was bom in Virginia, in 1812, 
 was a farmer by occupation, and died in June, 1888. His mother, bom in 1813, lives 
 with a son on the old homestead farm in Virginia. John M. was reared on the 
 homestead, and was educated in the public schools of his native county. He came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1869, and in 1872 purchased a farm in Delmar 
 township, upon which he worked until 1881. He then commenced the study of 
 medicine with Dr. C. W. Webb, of Wellsboro, attended lectures at the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Maryland, and graduated from that institution 
 in the spring of 1884. He then sold his farm, and commenced practice at Stony 
 Fork in June, 1884, which he has successfully continued up to the present. Dr. 
 Gentry was married July 13, 1869, to Miss Emma Herrington, a daughter of George 
 W. Herrington, of Shippen township, and has two children, E. Blanche and George 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 'JQl 
 
 W. Dr. Gentry is the only physician in Delmar township outside of Wellsboro, 
 and enjoys a Lucrative practice. 
 
 Samuel Navil was born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, in 1831, a son of 
 John and Eebeeca (Kline) Navil. His father was born in Lycoming county, in 
 1808, and was twice married. By his first wife, Rehecca Kline, he reared Eve chil- 
 dren, viz: Jacob, of Lycoming; George, of Wellsboro: Samuel, of Delmar, Andrew, 
 who lives in Lycoming county, and Rebecca, deceased. His second wife was 
 Elizabeth Gamell, who bore him the following children: Emily, James, who was 
 killed in the Civil war; Ellen, Albert, Robert, who was killed in the war; Elizabeth, 
 John, Philip, Harriet and Mary. Samuel received a common school education, and 
 when twenty-one years old began farming on shares, which he continued up to 
 1872. In that year he came to Tioga county and purchased a farm in Delmar town- 
 ship on which he has since lived. In 1851 he married Anna Eliza Bevier, of 
 Lycoming county, and has three children: Hannah E., wife of Daniel Horton, of 
 Delmar; Orrin J., and Lois A., wife of Lorenzo Tomb, of Delmar. Mrs. Navil 
 is a member of the Free Will Baptist church, and both she and Mr. ITavil are con- 
 nected with the Patrons of Husbandry. In politics, he is a Democrat. 
 
 Oekin J. Navil, only son of Samuel Navil, was born in Cummings town- 
 ship, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1854. He obtained a common 
 school education, and when twenty-one years old purchased sixty-one acres of tim- 
 ber land, in partnership with E. J. Playfoot, from which they sold the bark. He 
 then rented a farm in Delmar, which he cultivated three years, and later carried on 
 a grocery store at Kennedy five years. He afterwards conducted a restaurant at 
 Westfield one year, then returned to Kennedy, where he resumed the grocery busi- 
 ness, in which he continued three years. In 1890 he purchased his present farm 
 of eighty acres, and has since devoted his attention to farming. On November 3, 
 1876, he married Marian Grosjean, a daughter of Edward Grosjean, of Delmar. 
 Mr. Navil was postmaster at Kennedy from 1881 to 1892. He is a memher of the 
 I. 0. 0. F., the K. of G. E., and the P. of H. 
 
 RoBEHT B. WiLSO^r was born in Harford county, Maryland, September 7, 1817, 
 a son of William K. and Sarah (Miller) Wilson. When eight years old he began a 
 seafaring life as cabin boy, and finally rose to the captaincy of a sailing vessel on 
 Chesapeake bay. In 1839 he gave up that occupation and came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he engaged in lumbering on Little Pine creek, continuing that 
 business for eighteen years. He afterwards acted as a pilot on the West Branch of the 
 Susquehanna river up to 1881, when he engaged iq farming in Delmar township. 
 He had previously purchased the Dr. Archer farm in Morris township in 1859, but 
 sold it in 1885 and bought his present farm in Delmar. Mr. Wilson married Jane 
 McMasters, who bore him six children, viz: William Me., of Delmar; Kenly, who 
 died at the age of forty-three years; Anna, wife of John Black, of Liberty town- 
 ship; Mary Etta, wife of William Blackwell, of Morris township; Robert L., of 
 Delmar, and Frank, who died in infancy. Mrs. Wilson died in 1852, and he was 
 again married, to Mary Kriner, to which imion were bom seven children, viz: Sarah 
 J., wife of Thomas Blackwell, of Morris; Frank and Ida, both of whom died in 
 childhood; Libbie, wife of B. C. Fish, of Morris; Ulysses G., of Delmar; Samuel 
 D., of Delmar, and Mina, wife of Samuel Campbell, of the same township. Mr. 
 
762 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Wilson now resides with his son, Eobert L., in Delmar township. His wife died in 
 May, 1896, aged sixty-eight years. 
 
 KoBEKT L. Wilson was born in Morris township, Tioga county, August IT, 
 1850, and is the youngest living child of Eobert B. and Jane (McMasters) Wilson. 
 He was reared on the farm, attended the district schools in boyhood, and on obtain- 
 ing his majority worked in the lumber woods four years in Tioga county. He 
 then located on his present farm, which he had purchased in 1873, and has since 
 been engaged in farming. He owns twenty acres in Delmar, and fifty in Shippen 
 township, and has cleared and improved most of his present property. Mr. Wilson 
 was married June 1, 1875, to Frances Sturmer, a daughter of Ferdinand T. Sturmer, 
 and has one daughter, Edith M. Politically, he is a Republican, and is also a mem- 
 ber of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 George W. West was bom in Southport, New York, December 13, 1818, a son 
 of Jonathan West, a Baptist minister. Before reaching manhood he came to Penn- 
 sylvania, locating in Troy, Bradford county, where he lived until twenty-six years 
 of age. He then came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, and followed the shoemaker's 
 trade, but was soon afterwards elected constable and made a faithful and fearless 
 ofiicer. He also served as deputy sheriff and was instrumental in breaking up the 
 band of horse thieves and counterfeiters on Pine creek, and arrested the noted 
 counterfeiter, Winslow. He removed to Michigan and remained there a year and 
 a half, and then returned to Wellsboro. On February 4, 1846, he married Abigail 
 Eitter, a daughter of Daniel and Lydia Eitter. To this union were bom ten chil- 
 dren, viz: Henry Dallas, a resident of Nebraska; Georgiana, deceased; Mary, wife 
 of Orr Kennedy, of Wellsboro; George, who lives in Seattle, Washington; Clinton, 
 a resident of Delmar township; Alice, wife of Warren Call en, of Michigan; Wilbur 
 F., a resident of Delmar; Hannah, wife of M. Ogden, of Cedar Eun; Adney, a resi- 
 dent of Idaho, and Allen, deceased. Mr. West followed farming for a number of 
 years and also kept a hotel at Stony J'ork. In 1879 he removed to Nebraska, re- 
 mained there until 1888, and then returned to Tioga county, locating in Charleston 
 township, where he resided until his death, May 9, 1896. 
 
 Clinton West was born in Shippen township, Tioga county, April 7, 1857, a 
 son of George W. West. When fourteen years of age he began making his own 
 living, working as a farm hand and in the lumber woods of his native county for 
 several years. He then went to Bradford county, where he worked upon a farm 
 two years. Eeturning to Tioga for a short period, he afterwards went to Nebraska, 
 but came back a year later and continued working on a farm and in the lumber 
 woods. He finally rented a farm, and in the spring of 1887 bought forty acres of 
 his present homestead, to which he added fifty-one acres more in the fall of 1888, 
 on which he has since resided. Mr. West was married June 39, 1884, to Eloise 
 Bartle, a daughter of J. C. Bartle, of Delmar, who has borne him four children, 
 viz: J. Frederick, Lottie, Harvey D., deceased, and Harold J. Mr. West is a member 
 of the Grange, and also of the K. of G. E. In politics, he is an independent voter. 
 
 WiLBUE F. West was born in Wellsboro, May 3, 1860, a son of the late George 
 W. West, of Charleston township. When sixteen years of age he began working 
 out as a farm hand, which business he followed several years, and subsequently 
 bought sixty acres of land in Delmar township. He sold this farm later and pur- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 763 
 
 chased his present farm of ninety acres, on which he has since lived. Mr. West 
 was married May 11, 1881, to Nellie E. Bartle, a daughter of J. C. Bartle, of Delmar, 
 to which union have been horn five children, viz: Flora E., Nellie M., Eunice, 
 Wilbur T., and Allen J. Mr. AVest and wife are members of the Grange, and ad- 
 herents of the Baptist church. He is connected with the K. of G. E., and in polities, 
 be is a Democrat. 
 
 MiNEE Benjamin was born in 1814, in St. Lawrence county. New York, and 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1843. Here he married Sarah Wilson, of 
 Liberty, Tioga county, in 1845. He followed lumbering as an occupation until 
 1868, when he was accidentally killed by being stinick by a log. To Miner and 
 Sarah Benjamin were born six children, viz: Frances, wife of the late Eobert 
 Quimby, of Lycoming county; William Q., who married Margaret Eoland, of Wells- 
 boro; Clara, wife of George Greene, of Wellsboro; Janette, wife of Charles Steele, 
 of Delmar; Charles W., who died when he was fourteen months old, and Elmer E. 
 The family is connected with the Baptist church. 
 
 Elmee E. Benjamin was bom. in 1863, in Tioga county. His father was 
 killed when our subject was five years old, and since then he has lived with his mother 
 on the homestead farm in Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. In 1893 
 Mr. Benjamin was elected clerk and treasurer of Delmaj township and served three 
 years. In politics, he is a Eepublican. Mr. Benjamin was married June 22, 1893, 
 to Nellie Wheeler, of Wellsboro, a daughter of the late J. C. Wheeler. 
 
 Daeius C. Andesws was born near Burlington, Rutland county, Vermont, 
 April 4, 1812. When he was about eighteen months old his parents started for 
 Tioga county. New York, but before the journey was completed his mother died, 
 and he was given to an aimt, Mrs. Thomas Caidkins, an early settler of Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. Here he grew to manhood and married 
 Jane Coombs, who was born in Steuben county. New York, October 10, 1815. She 
 became the mother of seven children, as follows: Deborah D., widow of William 
 Brockway, of Port Huron, Michigan; Anna, wife of Albert Brown, of Roaring 
 Branch, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania; Thomas, a resident of Mason City, Iowa; 
 Catherine, wife of Alexander Miller, of North Yakima, Washington; Harriet, wife 
 of a Mr. Brown, of Salem, Oregon, and two that died in infancy. About 1837 Mr. 
 Andrews removed to Sullivan county, Pennsylvania, where he lived five or six years 
 and then returaied to this county, locating in Chatham township. Here he re- 
 mained about ten years, when he went to Steuben county. New York, but soon 
 returned to Tioga county. About 1879 he settled on a farm on Marsh creek, in 
 Delmar township, where he died September 3, 1893. Mrs. Andrews is living with 
 her daughter, Mrs. Harriet Brown, in Salem, Oregon, at the ripe age of nearly 
 eighty-two years. In 1857 an estrangement arose between Mr. Andrews and his 
 wife, which resulted in a legal separation. In 1861 he married a Mrs. Potter, of 
 Troupsburg, New York, who bore him two children, viz: Flora, wife of Walter 
 French, of Mills, Potter county, and Abram D., of Marsh Creek. 
 
 Feancis M. Andeews, eldest child of Darius C. and Jane (Coombs) Andrews, 
 was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, October 8, 1835. After receiving 
 a common school education, he learned the millwright's trade, at which he worked 
 in Middlebury and Elk townships. In the winter of 1854 he went to Canada and 
 
764 HISTORY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 a year later to Wisconsin. He remained in the latter twenty-three j'ears and became 
 a prominent lumberman and mill operator, owning and operating mills at Merrill, 
 Lincoln county, Wisconsin. About 1877 he removed to Cerro Gordo county, Towa, 
 where he followed agriculture until 1881 and then returned to Tioga county and 
 took charge of his father's farm. To this he has since added until he now owns 
 385 acres. Mr. Andrews was married September 10, 1868, to Theresa J. Beeman, 
 a daughter of Stephen Van Eensselaer and Lorena Beeman, of Middlebury town- 
 ship. She bore him four children, viz: Frank M., Lulu, deceased; Fred B., and 
 Eaymond. Mrs. Andrews died February 22, 1879, and September 15, 1880, he 
 married Ella Chamberlain, a daughter of Joel and Ellen (Wait) Chamberlain. Mr. 
 Andrews is a Republican, and served as county supervisor of Lincoln county, 
 Wisconsin, seven years, and also as a school director, and has filled the offices of 
 assessor and auditor of Delmar township. He is a member of both lodge and chap- 
 ter in the Masonic order, and also of the Grange. Mr. Andrews and wife are ad- 
 herents of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 James Hoddeh, a native of South Wales, born May 30, 1841, is a son of Simeon 
 and Anna (Watkins) Hodder, natives of the same country. His parents reared a 
 family of eleven children, seven of whom came to the United States. James was 
 the eldest, and worked with his father in the coal mines of his native land until 
 1869, when he immigrated to Pennsylvania and found employment in the mines 
 at Fall Brook, Tioga county, where he worked until 1873. He then went to An- 
 trim, and continued at the same business for ten years. In the meantime he had 
 purchased fifty acres of land at Hoytville, in 1874, which he sold in 1880 to the 
 Hoytville Tannery Company, upon which the tannery works were subsequently 
 erected. He then bought his present farm of eighty-six acres in Delmar township, 
 upon which he located in 1881, since which year he has devoted his attention to 
 agriculture. Mr. Hodder was married December 24, 1861, in South Wales, to Mar- 
 garet Davis, and they are the parents of eleven children, viz: Margaret A., wife of 
 Elmer Emmick, of Morris; Florence, Benjamin Sidney, Simon James, Libbie, 
 deceased; Elizabeth, Lillie, Katie, Emma, Mary and William C. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hodder are members of the First Baptist church of Delmar. In politics, he is a Ee- 
 publican, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. P. and the P. of H. societies. 
 
 Geoege p. Eaish, farmer and lumberman, was born in Lackawanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, October 22, 1859, a son of Godfrey and Jane (Olewine) Eaish, natives 
 of Lackawanna and Monroe counties, respectively. His father was a lumberman, 
 and died in 1874, aged forty-three. His mother died in 1865, aged twenty-five years. 
 They were the parents of four children, viz: George F., Charles A., a resident of 
 Colorado; William, deceased, and Samuel, who resides in Snyder county. The 
 subject of this sketch came to Tioga county in September, 1879, and found employ- 
 ment in the Leetonia tannery for eight years. While there he bought thirty acres of 
 land in Delmar township, upon which he settled after lea,ving the tannery. He fol- 
 lowed teaming four years, and then took a large bark and lumber contract, and in 
 the next three years got out 3,700 cords of bark, and 7,400,000 feet of lumber. 
 He later took a large contract to supply a Penn Yan, New York, firm 
 with bark and lumber, which proved a successful venture. He recently pur- 
 chased a farm of 120 acres immediately west of Draper, and devotes his atten- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 765 
 
 tion to farming and lumbering. On July 4, 1879, Mr. Kaish married Amelia 
 George, a daughter of Levi George, of Luzerne county. They are the parents of 
 the following children, viz: Charles, Edgar, Walter, Ivan C, Leonard, Freeman, 
 Lee G., Violet A., and one that died in infancy. Mr. Eaish and wife are members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he is a Republican. He is also 
 connected with the P. of H., the K. of G. E., the I. 0. 0. F., and the F. & A. M., in 
 all of which he takes a deep interest. 
 
 John Lageebom was born in Sweden, March 1, 1839, a son of Carl Lagerbom. 
 He worked as a farm hand and in the construction of railroads in his native land 
 until 1871, when he immigrated to Pennsylvania and worked one year on the Fall 
 Brook raifroad. He then found employment at the Mansiield furnace, where he 
 remained one year, and for the following eight years worked in the mines at Morris 
 Eun and Antrim. In 1881 he purchased ninety-four acres of timber land in Dun- 
 can township, which he cleared up and improved. He resided upon it until the 
 spring of 1893, when he bought his present farm of 156 acres in Delmar township, 
 on which he has since resided. Mr. Lagerbom married Caroline Oleson, and has 
 four children, viz: Mary H., who lives in Chicago; Jennie, wife of Lloyd Henry, 
 of Delmar; Charles, and Eva, both of whom live with their parents. The family 
 are members of the Lutheran church, and in polities, Mr. Lagerbom, is a Republi- 
 can. He is also a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 CHAELESTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Petee Shumwat, a native of Massachusetts, was one of the early settlers of 
 Tioga county. He was a veteran of the Revolution, in which he served nearly seven 
 years, and received a discharge signed by George Washington which is now in pos- 
 session of his great-grandson, Peter E. Shumway, of Wellsboro. He located south 
 of Mansfield about 1805, and a year later removed to Charleston township, settling 
 on the place since known as the Shumway homestead, near the line of Delmar. 
 Here Mr. Shumway and wife, Dolly (Nichols) Shiimway, passed the remaining 
 years of their lives. Both died in the early thirties. They reared a family of six 
 children, named as follows: Lydia, who married Joseph Wilson; Clarissa, who mar- 
 ried Samiiel Palmer; Jerusha, who married William Palmer; Zilpha, who married 
 Luther Johnson; Lucretia, who married Alden Thompson, and Sleeman, all of 
 whom are dead. 
 
 Sleeman Shtjmway, only son of Peter Shumway, was bom in Massachusetts, 
 April 10, 1797, and was eight years old when his parents came to Tioga coiinty. 
 His subsequent life was spent on the old homestead on Shumway Hill, in Charles- 
 ton. He married Desdemona Whitmore, of that township, and reared the follow- 
 ing children: Joseph, deceased; Peter, a resident of Wisconsin; Luther, of Charles- 
 ton to-vvnship; William P., also a resident of Charleston, and Hiram, who lives in 
 Wisconsin. Mr. Shumway died on his farm May 3, 1864, and his wife April 11, 
 1882, aged eighty-eight years and five months. 
 
 William P. Shumway was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, April 
 9, 1833, a son of Sleeman and grandson of Peter Shumway. He received a common 
 school education; was reared on the homestead farm, and has made agriculture his 
 life vocation, being to-day one of the successful farmers of his township. On April 
 
766 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 15, 1847, he married Maiy Bacon, a daughter of Elmer and Mary Bacon, early set- 
 tlers of Charleston. She was born November 3, 1828, and became the mother of 
 seven children, viz: Ellen, wife of Elbert Johnson, of Coming; George, Arthur 
 and Peter E., all residents of Wellsboro; Mary, who died April 33, 1877; Clarence 
 and Clara, twins, the former a resident of Coming and the latter of Wellsboro. 
 Mrs. Shumway died September 12, 1877. Februarj' 32, 1882, Mr. Shumway mar- 
 ried Lucretia Austin, a daughter of Nelson and Lydia Austin, of Charleston. Po- 
 litically, he is a Eepublican, and has served as treasurer and supervisor in his town- 
 ship. 
 
 Joseph Thompson was bom in Stonington, Connecticut, January 5, 1757, and 
 was the youngest son of a family of eighteen children, consisting of twelve sons 
 and six daughters. He was reared to manhood in his native State and served in the 
 Eevolutionary War. He later removed to Otsego county, New York, where he 
 married Catherine Coates, who bore him five children, viz: Joseph, Alanson, 
 Lucretia, who married James Kimball, an early hotel-keeper of Wellsboro; Cynthia, 
 Lorinda, who became the wife of Col. Hiram Freeborn, for many years a prominent 
 business man of Knoxville, and Alden, who settled in Charleston township. Mr. 
 Thompson came to Tioga county before 1820 and made his home with his children, 
 some of whom had preceded him, settling on Shumway Hill, in Charleston town- 
 ship. He died November 23, 1842, aged eighty-five years, ten months and eighteen 
 days, and was buried in the old cemetery at Wellsboro. 
 
 Alden Thompson, youngest son of Joseph Thompson, was bom in Otsego 
 county, New York, December 18, 1794. When about nineteen years of age he 
 came to Tioga county, but did not locate permanently until after his majority, 
 when he bought eighty-seven acres of land on Shum.way Hill, in Charleston town- 
 ship, containing a small clearing. This tra^t he afterwards added to until he was 
 the owner of 200 acres. He passed through the experiences of pioneer life, and by 
 rigid industry became a prosperous farmer. Mr. Thompson was married about 
 1820, to Lucretia Shumway, a daughter of Peter Shumway, a Revolutionary soldier 
 and the first settler on Sh vim way Hill. Two children were bom to them, viz: 
 Charles K., for many years a well-known physician of Wellsboro, and Darwin, now 
 a resident of the same place. Mr. Thompson died March 7, 1872, and his wife 
 May 5, 1872. 
 
 Darwin Thompson, youngest son of Alden Thompson, and grandson of Joseph 
 Thompson, was born on the old homestead in Charleston township, August 28,. 
 1839. He was educated in the common schools and at Wellsboro Academy, and 
 made farming his life vocation. He resided in Charleston township until 1888, 
 when he removed to Michigan, remaining there one year. Eetuming to Tioga, 
 county, he located in Wellsboro, where he still resides, but continues to carry on his 
 farm of 200 acres in Charleston. Mr. Thompson was married December 6, 1864, 
 to Adeline Warner, a daughter of Bostwick and Priscilla Warner, of Chenango- 
 county, New York. She died April 6, 1865. On January 21, 1874, he married 
 Mrs. Ellen Kriner, widow of Darius Kriner, of Delmar, who has borne him two 
 children, viz: Lucretia E. and Viola F. In politics, Mr. Thompson is a Republi- 
 can, has filled the office of school director, and was for eight years clerk of Charles- 
 ton township. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 767 
 
 James Gillis Daett was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 6, 1833, a son of James and Mary (Gillis) Dartt, pioneers of that 
 township. He was educated in the public schools, and has devoted his entire life 
 to agricultural pursuits. On March 23, 1843, he married Emily Tipple, of Verona, 
 Oneida county. New York, who became the mother of ten children, as follows: 
 Ella, wife of David Dockstetter, of Charleston township; David, deceased; Clarinda, 
 deceased wife of James K. Austin; Robert, a physician of Belief onte, recently 
 deceased; Ondlle, a farmer of Charleston; Alice, wife of Edwin Winters, of the 
 same township; Fannie, wife of James K. Austin, Charleston; Emily, wife of Vine 
 Losey, of Charleston; Effie, wife of Edward Eleitz, also of Charleston, and Sadie, 
 who lives at home. Mrs. Dartt died August 35, 1893. In politics, Mr. Dartt is a 
 Eepublican; has been a school director for several terms, and was appointed post- 
 master at Charleston under President Lincoln's administration, which office he 
 filled continuously up to 1894, receiving in his final settlement with the United 
 States government a check for two cents, being the amount- due him to balance his 
 account. This is said to have been one of the smallest checks ever drawn in the 
 United States. 
 
 Caleb Austin, a native of New England, was one of the early settlers of 
 Charleston township, Tioga county, locating on the land now occupied by the poor 
 farm, about the beginning of the present century. He m.arried Clarissa Peterson, 
 who bore him nine children, named as follows: Caroline, deceased wife of James 
 Kimball, of Wellsboro; Adeline, deceased wife of Rudolph Christenot; Emily, who 
 married Luman Fenton, of Cherry Flats; Charles, a farmer in Charleston township; 
 Nelson, deceased; Angeline, deceased wife of Col. Alanson E. Niles; Nathan, de- 
 ceased; Ruth, wife of John Doumaux, and Benjamin, deceased. Mr. Austin and 
 wife spent their declining years in Charleston township, and died upon the old 
 homestead. 
 
 Chaeles Austin was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, August 15, 
 18].5, a son of Caleb Austin. He attended the subscription schools of pioneer days, 
 and worked on the homestead farm for his parents until he reached the age of 
 twenty-eight years. He then bought a farm in Charleston township, on a part 
 of which he now resides, and has devoted his entire attention to agriculture. He 
 married Sarah Losinger, of Wellsboro, who bore him seven children, viz: Dwight, 
 deceased; Hiram J., S. C. and C. N., all of whom are farmers in Charleston town- 
 ship; Clarissa, wife of Joshua Atherton; Mary Josephine, wife of George Wilkinson,, 
 and Sarah Angeline, deceased. Mrs. Austin died upon the homestead farm, where 
 her husband now resides. 
 
 C. N. Austin, youngest son of Charles Austin, and grandson of Caleb Austin, 
 was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, December 33, 1855. He attended 
 the common schools of his native township, and assisted his parents on the farm until 
 twenty-four years of age, when he began life for himself. In 1881 he bought his 
 present place of seventy-five acres, where he has since continued in agricultural pur- 
 suits. November 31, 1879, Mr. Austin married Rosella Wilkinson, a daughter of 
 William Wilkinson, of Charleston township, and has two children, Blaine Dwight 
 and Mary A. In polities, a Eepublican, he has filled several local offices, and is also 
 a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
768 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 NoBMAN Rockwell, a native of Vermont, was an early settler of Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania. He located at Cherry Flats, where he operated a general store, and 
 was made postmaster at that point when the office was established, which position 
 he filled for twenty-five years. He died at his home in 1883, leaving three children, 
 viz: Levi E., a farmer of Sullivan township; Silas S., of Charleston, and Amy E., 
 wife of Jerome B. Potter, of Washing-ton, D. C. 
 
 Silas S. Eockwell was born at Cherry Flats, Tioga county, and is a son of 
 Norman Rockwell. He was reared on a farm, and obtained his education in the 
 common schools. In early manhood he engaged in stock dealing for several years, 
 was later deputy sheriff under Jerome B. Potter, and has since devoted his atten- 
 tion to farming in Charleston township. He married Alice Harkness, a native of 
 New York state, to which union have been born the following children: May R., 
 wife of F. A. Halstead, of Elizabeth, New Jersey; Frank H., a lawyer of "Wellsboro; 
 Rose S., wife of S. F. Mclnroy, of Middlebury, Tioga county, and Minnie A., who 
 lives at home. 
 
 Albert F. Packard, merchant. Cherry Plats, was born July 31, 1839, in Sulli- 
 van township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, a son of John and Rebecca (Rose) 
 Packard, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Connecticut. He 
 was educated in the common schools of Mainesburg, and at the age of eighteen com- 
 menced teaching. At the end of one year he went to Ohio, where he remained 
 two years, then returned to Tioga county and engaged in farming near Mainesburg. 
 On August 2, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, and pai-ticipated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancel- 
 lorsville, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and several other minor engagements, and 
 was honorably discharged from the service at Chambersburg Hospital, July 3, 1865. 
 Returning to Tioga county, he engaged in various occupations up to 1892, when 
 he opened a general store at Cherry Flats, in Charleston township, where he has 
 since carried on a prosperous business. Mr. Packard was married April 15, 1861, 
 to Miss Mary R. Hubbell, of Monroeville, Huron county, Ohio, to which union have 
 been bom six children, viz: Mattie, wife of George Hall, of Shippen township; 
 Francis, of Delmar; Herbert A., of Elmira, New York; Cora, wife of John C. 
 Secor, postmaster at Cherry Flats; Anna R., and Clara M. In politics, Mr. Packard 
 is a Prohibitionist, and has filled the offices of township clerk and school director, 
 also county auditor one term. He is a member of the G. A. R., the I. 0. 0. F., and 
 the Patrons of Husbandry, in all of which he takes an active interest. 
 
 James H. Smith was bom in Delaware county, New York, April 15, 1801, a 
 son of Peter and Abigail (Cleveland) Smith. Peter Smith was born December 25, 
 1743, and died January 15, 1843. He was the father of seventeen children, several 
 of whom were soldiers in the War of 1813. James H. was educated in the common 
 schools of his native county, and learned the trade of a cloth dresser. In 1827 
 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and after a short stay on Pine creek, located 
 in Charleston township, but followed his trade in Wellsboro and Mansfield for 
 years. He married Sallie Button, a native of Otsego county. New York, who bore 
 him five children, viz: James E., deceased; John E., and Jason E., both farmers 
 of Charleston township; Jane E., deceased, and Nancy L. Mr. Smith died June 9, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 769 
 
 1878, and his wife, January 31, 1877. They were members of the Free Will Bap- 
 tist church, and in politics he was a Eepublican. 
 
 Jason E. Smith was born in Mansfield, Tioga county, July 3, 1831, a son of 
 James H. and Sallie Smith. He obtained a common school education, and has 
 followed farming since early manhood, now residing on a farm of 335 acres in 
 Charleston township, a part of which was purchased by his father. Mr. Smith was 
 married October 18, 1858, to Mary A. Wilbur, a daughter of David and Anna 
 (Havens) Wilbur, and a native of Hector township. Potter county, Pennsylvania. 
 They have two children living, Jennie A., and G-eorge C, a farmer of Charleston. 
 Their oldest child, Charles H., bom November 29, 1859, died May 10, 1864. In 
 politics, a Eepublican, Mr. Smith has filled the office of township treasurer two 
 terms. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry^ and is one of the most sub- 
 stantial farmers in his section of the county. 
 
 EoBEET H. Pbatt was born in Ninevah, Broome county, New York, September 
 14, 1791, and was there reared and educated. He came with his family to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in February, 1833, and located on Marsh creek, in Shippen 
 township, removing three years later to the vicinity of Whitneyville, Charleston 
 township. He made farming his principal occupation, but was also a pilot on the 
 Susquehanna river. He married Elmina Stowell, bom in Broome county. New 
 York, March 10, 1802, to which union were born the following children: Eiley E., 
 a resident of Iowa; Edwin, of Mansfield; Luman, deceased; Lura, deceased wife of 
 John Jennings; Mary Ann, deceased wife of George Parker; Jerusha, deceased 
 wife of Mr. Abrams; Lewis, a resident of Binghamton, New York; Sallie, deceased 
 wife of Edgar 'Grinnell; Sarah, deceased wife of Maxwell Conable; Jane, wife of 
 Andrew J. Patchen, of Lawrence township; Emily, deceased wife of Albert Avery; 
 Olive A., deceased wife of Albert Dartt, and Eobert Vine, a resident of Jefferson 
 county. After residing near Whitneyville five years, Mr. Pratt removed into Eieh- 
 mond township, where he and wife spent the remaining years of their lives. She 
 died on February 13, 1860, and her husband, July 33, 1884, in his ninety-third year. 
 
 Edwin Peatt, second son of Eobert H. Pratt, was born in Ninevah, New York, 
 August 13, 1839, and was four years old when his parents came to Tioga county. 
 Here he grew to manhood, and attended the common schools during his boyhood 
 days. He was married November 20, 1851, to Martha Wilcox, a daughter of Joseph 
 and Eunice (Douglass) Wilcox, of East Charleston, to which union have been bom 
 six children, viz: Carrie, widow of A. A. Perry; Emma A., wife of Otis Eice; Helen 
 Maria, wife of Clark Kingsley; Arthur S., Fred. H. and Frank L. Mr. Pratt 
 followed farming in Charleston township until 1860, when he removed to Eich- 
 mond township, where he has since resided. In polities, a stanch Eepublican, he 
 voted for John C. Fremont in 1856, and has since given his support to every presi- 
 dential candidate of his party. 
 
 Ahthue S. Peatt, son of Edwin Pratt, and grandson of Eobert H. Pratt, 
 was bom in Eichmond township, Tioga county, May 33, 1860. He was reared 
 upon the homestead, and obtained his education in the common schools and at the 
 State Normal, in Mansfield. He remained at home until his majority, and then 
 went to Morris, where he was engaged in lumbering three years. Eetuming to 
 Eichmond, he worked on a farm for two years, and in 1885 purchased his present 
 
 49 
 
770 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 farm of eighty-six acres in Charleston township. Mr. Pratt was married May 
 
 19, 1886, to Miss Clara Mckson, of Charleston. He is a member of the Patrons 
 of Husbandry, and in politics, a Kepublican. 
 
 Denison a. Lockwood was born in Greenwich, Fairfield county, Connecticut, 
 February 8, 1811, a son of Denison and Sally (King) Lockwood, the former a native 
 of Connecticut, and the latter of Ehode Island. He was reared in his native town, 
 and at the age of seventeen went to K'ew York City, where he clerked in a store one 
 year. He then entered the employ of the North Kiyer Steamboat Company, as engi- 
 neer on the steamers Constitution, Ohio and Swallow, plying the Hudson river, 
 which business he followed nine years. At the end of this period he went to Buffalo 
 and put in the propelling machinery for the Wisconsin, a lake boat, and continued 
 on her as engineer from 1838 to 1843, when he returned to New York and entered 
 the employ of the West Point Foundry Company as mechanical engineer. He filled 
 this position five years, going to Detroit in 1847 with the Fashion engine 
 from New York to superintend the construction of the machinery for the Fashion, 
 then being built at Detroit. He next became engineer of the Sultana, plying 
 between Buffalo and Chicago. In 1849 he went to California, via Cape Horn, where 
 he was engaged in mining and in constructing mining machinery and putting up 
 quicksilver machines for two years. He later accepted a position as engineer on 
 the Panama, but when he reached the Isthmus of Panama, he resigned, and crossed 
 the Isthmus on a mule to the mouth of Chagres river, whence he proceeded to New 
 York, as assistant engineer of the Georgia. He was subsequently engineer on the 
 following boats, all plying between New York and South America: Northern Light, 
 Star of the West, Eldorado, and Empire City, and also on the Oregon, a river boat. 
 In December, 1861, he enlisted at the Kittery Navy Yard, Maine, in the United 
 States navy, as first assistant engineer on the United States man-of-war, Sacra- 
 mento, which proceeded to Wilmington, North Carolina, as a part of the blockade 
 fleet. Later he was sent on board the ironclad Sagus, operating on the James 
 river. Having received a serious injury, from which he has never fully recovered, 
 he was found un£t for duty and sent to Portsmouth Hospital, which closed his 
 career in the navy. In the meantime Mr. Lockwood had purchased a farm in 
 Charleston township, Tioga county, embracing 100 acres, in 1837, and lived upon 
 it when not engaged on duty. On October 20, 1837, he married Margaret Berard, 
 of New York City, who became the mother of one daughter, Amelia Gertrude, 
 widow of Darius W. Smith, of Charleston township. Mrs. Lockwood died March 
 
 20, 1885. In politics, Mr. Lockwood is a Eepublican. 
 
 Dan p. Webstee was born in Connecticut, September 12, 1812, and was there 
 reared and educated. He learned the carpenter's trade in his native State, and sub- 
 sequently came to Tioga county and settled in Charleston township. He pur- 
 chased one hundred acres of land and followed lumbering and farming in connec- 
 tion vrith his trade until a short time before his death. He married Lydia Ives, a 
 daughter of Eoswell Ives, of Middlehury township. Eleven children were the 
 fruits of this union, viz: Lucy, deceased; Olive, wife of Thomas Lester, of Charles- 
 ton; Frances, wife of J. B. Doane, of Cayuga county, New York; Harley B., who 
 enlisted in Company K, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers and 
 was killed near Eichmond, Virginia, a few days before Lee's surrender; Eoswell I., 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 771 
 
 who served in the same company, and now resides in Ward township; Janette, wife 
 of Lewis Kohler, of Eichmond township; Delphene, deceased wife of Henry Crit- 
 tenden, of Eichmond; Newell P., of Charleston; Dan F., of Middlebury; Gilbert 
 G., of Eichmond, and one that died in early youth. Mrs. Webster died in 1866, 
 aged forty-nine years. 
 
 Newell P. Webster, son of Dan P. and Lydia Webster, was bom on his 
 present homestead in Charleston township, Tioga county, February 2, 1851. He 
 was reared on the farm, and attended the district schools in boyhood. He worked 
 on the farm with his father until 1871, when the latter retired, and Newell P. 
 bought the place. On April 35, 1871, he married Annie Neal, a daughter of 
 Joseph Neal, of Charleston, and has two children, Stella and Gertrude. Mr. 
 Webster is a member of the I. 0. 0. P. and the P. of H., and politically, an adherent 
 of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Jacob Ingeeick was born in New York City, September 38, 1804, a son of 
 John and Harriet E. Ingeriek. He obtained a meager education, and when four- 
 teen years of age he went to Eockland, Sullivan county, New York, where he 
 learned the carpenter's trade. In 1830 he located in Eutland township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he worked at his trade ten years, and then removed 
 to Charleston township. Here he spent the remaining years of his life, dying 
 June 15, 1890, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. He married Hannah M. How- 
 land, a native of Sullivan county. New York, who became the mother of four chil- 
 dren, viz: Hannah, deceased; Elmer, deceased; John W., of Steuben county, New 
 York, and George H., deceased. Mr. Ingeriek was a local minister in the Free Will 
 Baptist church, to which faith his wife also belonged. She died in 1876, aged 
 seventy-two years. 
 
 Elmee Ingeeick, eldest son of Jacob and Hannah M. Ingeriek, was born in 
 Eockland, Sullivan county, New York, January 3, 1829, and was about one year 
 old when his parents came to Tioga county. He was reared in Eutland and 
 Charleston townships, where he attended the common schools. On January 19, 
 1853, he married Ellen Benedict, a daughter of Marcus and Lucy (Jennings) 
 Benedict, of Wells, New York. Eight children were bom to this union, named 
 as follows: Edgar A., of Wellsboro; George E., of Charleston township; Norman 
 G., of Amot; Lovella A., wife of Wesley G. Johnson, of Corning, New York; 
 Orson, deceased; William L., of Charleston; Sadie I., wife of George Avery, and 
 Olon L. Mr. Ingeriek was a Eepiiblican, and served two terms as a school director. 
 He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church for many years, and 
 died in that faith March 13, 1897. 
 
 William Adams, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, bom in 1772, was reared 
 in his native land, and in 1840 immigrated with his family to Pennsylvania, and 
 settled in Charleston township, Tioga county, purchasing 100 acres of land, now a 
 part of the Adams farm. To William and Nancy Adams were born six children, viz: 
 Mary, Joseph, William, John, James and Eobert, all of whom are dead. The 
 parents spent their declining years in Charleston township, where Mr. Adams died 
 March 7, 1861, aged eighty-nine years, and his wife, September 20, 1857, aged 
 eighty-six. 
 
 Eobeet Adams, youngest child of William and Nancy Adams, was bom in 
 
772 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1820, and was twenty years old when the family settled 
 in Charleston township. After his father's death, Eobert inherited the homestead, 
 to which he subsequently added by purchase 400 acres. He was a successful and 
 progressive farmer, and one of the prominent citizens of the township. He mar- 
 ried Ann Jane Irwin, a native of Ireland, who bore him six children, viz: Eobert 
 W., deceased; N^ancy, wife of William McEntee, of Fall Brook; Mary, wife of 
 Edgar A. McEntee, of the same place; Eliza, Erwin J., and Lucinda, wife of Dr. 
 A. W. Cummings, of Oswayo, Potter county. Mr. Adams died August 16, 1889, 
 aged sixty-nine years. His widow resides with her son, Erwin J., on the old 
 homestead. 
 
 Ebwin J. Adams, only living son of Eobert Adams, was bom in Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, on his present farm, August 1, 1865, and obtained a com- 
 mon school education. At his father's death he took charge of the homestead, 
 which he has since managed successfully. Mr. Adams was married February 38, 
 1891, to Eliza Bennett, a daughter of Martin Bennett, of Charleston township, and 
 has one son, Eobert Erwin. He is a member of the K. of P., and in politics, a stanch 
 Eepublican. 
 
 JoHK C. Jennings was born in Otsego county, New York, in 1811, a son of 
 Joseph and Lucy (Corbin) Jennings. He was reared in his native State, whence he 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm in Charleston township, 
 near the Eichmond township line, where his son, Charles M., now resides. He 
 was a sawyer by occupation, and worked at that business twelve years in Manchester. 
 Mr. Jennings was twice married. His first wife, Lois Pratt, of Eichmond township, 
 died leaving two sons: Eobert P., who died in Washington in 1863, and Joseph E., 
 a Union soldier, who died in Andersonville prison in 1863 or 1864. Mr. Jennings 
 subsequently married Sarah A. Sloat, of Charleston township, who became the 
 mother of five children, two of whom grew to maturity, viz: Susie M., wife of Mel- 
 ville Greene, died in March, 1889, and Charles M. Mr. Jennings died in 1883; his 
 widow died April 11, 1895. 
 
 Chaeles M. Jennings, only son of John C. Jennings, was bom on his present 
 homestead, in Charleston township, Tioga county. May 9, 1859, and attended the 
 common schools of his neighborhood in youth. He remained with his parents 
 until the age of twenty-four years, when he went to Madison county, New York, 
 where he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked there five years. In 
 1888 he returned to Tioga county, and has since been engaged in farming and 
 working at his trade. October 20, 1881, he married Emma McLean, a daughter of 
 Alexander McLean, of Middlebury, and has two children, Eobert and Ealph. Mrs. 
 Jennings is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, he is a 
 Eepublican, and is also connected with the I. 0. 0. P. amd the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Elijah Peake, Se.. was bom in Schoharie county. New York, there grew to 
 manhood and learned the blacksmith's trade, and in 1841 came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and purchased 100 acres of land in Charleston township. He set- 
 tled upon it, but also followed his trade. He married Sally Willis, of Albany, New 
 York, who bore him five children, viz: Kiel, a farmer of Charleston; Elijah, and 
 Willis, both deceased; David, a farmer of Delmar, and Margaret, deceased. Mr. 
 Peake and his wife passed the remainder of their lives in Charleston township. 
 
 Elijah Peake, second son of Elijah Peake, Sr., was born in Schoharie county, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 773 
 
 New York, May 33, 1818, and came to Tioga county with, his brother Hiel one year 
 before the other members of the family. They settled in Charleston township, in 
 the locality where Hiel now resides, near Bound Top postoffice. Here he followed 
 farming until his death. May 16, 1885. Mr. Peake was married February 22, 1841, 
 to Nancy Clark, a daughter of Seth Clark, of Vermont. Six children were bom to 
 this union, named as follows: George Clark and Dyer, both deceased; Electa, who 
 married 0. H. Brooks; Franklin C, of Charleston; Seth Elijah, of Eound Top, 
 and Elizabeth, deceased. Mrs. Peake is living in Charleston township. 
 
 Franklin C. Peake was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, October 
 4, 1855, and is the eldest living son of Elijah Peake, Jr. He attended the common 
 schools of Charleston, and on attaining his majority began farming and operating 
 a threshing machine. On October 9, IST'S, he married Ella M. Close, a daughter 
 of Eeuben and Harriet (Lockwood) Close, of Chatham township, and has two chil- 
 dren, Erwin M. and Walter L. In 1891 Mr. Peake purchased his present farm of 
 eighty acres, lying one mile east of Wellsboro, and has since devoted his attention 
 to its cultivation. In politics, a Republican, he has served as school director one 
 term, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Seth E. Peake, a son of Elijah Peake, Jr., was born in Charleston township, 
 Tioga county. May 23, 1863, and there grew to manhood. He followed lumber- 
 ing eight years, and in 1885 commenced blacksmithing at Summit, Duncan town- 
 ship, which business he followed there for six years. In 1891 he came to Eound 
 Top, where he has since carried on blacksmithing, and also operates a steam thresher 
 during the autumn season, as well as a cider mill. Mr. Peake was married June 
 24, 1885, to Anna M. Skelton, a daughter of John Skelton, of Charleston township, 
 and has one son, Fred. In politics, Mr. Peake is a Eepublican, and is also a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Daniel Mills was born near Owego, Tioga county, New York, September 
 28, 1788, and is believed to have been the first white child born in that county. 
 His father, Stephen Mills, was a soldier in the Eevolution, and lived to the remark- 
 able age of 104 years. Daniel followed farming in Tioga county, New York, the 
 greater portion of his life, and finally came to Charleston township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he died, March 3, 1871. His wife, Patience Trapp, of Orange 
 county. New York, died in Charleston, February 24, 1871, a week before her hus- 
 band. They were the parents of seven children, viz: Jane F. and Rachel P., both 
 deceased; Martha B., Samuel, James F., deceased; Amos 0. and Eobert I. 
 
 Samuel Mills, oldest son of Daniel and Patience Mills, was born in Tioga 
 county, New York, November 28, 1821, and grew to manhood in that county. At 
 the age of eighteen he began an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade, which 
 business he followed in that county up to 1844. He then came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and purchased his present farm of 113 acres in Charleston township, 
 and has since devoted his attention to farming in connection with his trade. On 
 March 9, 1844, Mr. Mills married Marcy A. Chapman, of Friendsville, Susquehanna 
 county, Pennsylvania, who bore him three children, viz: Eliza, deceased wife of 
 J. E. Catlin; Martha L., and Amos D., deceased. Mrs. Mills died August 21, 1850. 
 He was again married January 1, 1851, to Mary Tucker, a daughter of Benjamin 
 and Nancy (Brundage) Tucker, of Otsego county, New York, who is the mother 
 of eight children, viz: Cicero E., of Crawford, Nebraska; Marcy A., wife of C. 
 
774 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 A. Stewart, of Delmar township; Abram L., deceased; Mary L., wife of Ferdinand 
 E. Field, of Wellsboro; Ellen A., wife of Samuel Coolidge, of Colorado; Eachel 
 A., a graduate of the State Normal School, Mansfield, in the class of 1894; Benjamin 
 J., and Louis, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Mills are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and charter members of the local Grange. In politics, he is a Eepublican, 
 and has filled the office of township supervisor. 
 
 Martin Clemens was born in Germajay, in 1804, was educated in his native 
 land, and there served an apprenticeship to the weaver's trade. He immigrated to 
 the United States in 1831, and settled at Trenton, New Jersey, where he learned 
 the shoemaker's trade, at which he worked in that city up to 1845, when he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He purchased 100 acres of land in Charleston town- 
 ship, and devoted his attention to its cultivation during the remaining years of his 
 life. He died in 1852. Mr. Clemens was married in Germany to Barbara Siple, 
 to whom were bom eight children, viz: Frank, of Charleston township; William, 
 a farmer in Covington; Chaxles, deceased; Martin V., Louisa, deceased wife of 
 William Houck; Nichols, of Elmira; George, of Charleston township, and Peter, 
 deceased. 
 
 Feank Clemens was born in Trenton, New Jersey, July 20, 1833, and was 
 twelve years old when his parents came to Tioga county. He assisted them on the 
 homestead in Charleston township until 1850, when he engaged in lumbering on 
 Pine creek, which business he followed seven years, operating several saw mills in 
 that locality. Eetuming to Charleston township, he engaged in farming, which he 
 has since continued in connection with the lumber business. Mr. Clemens was mar- 
 ried January 6, 1856, to Mary Ann Churchill, a daughter of Asa Churchill, a well- 
 known local writer of Charleston township. To this union have been bom five chil- 
 dren, viz: Francis Ira, of Charleston township; Martha, wife of Alonzo Waters, of 
 Lamb's Creek; Charles W., deceased; Mary Eva, and Samuel A. Mr. Clemens en- 
 listed in December, 1862, and served in the Binghamton Construction Corps, in the 
 Army of the Potomac, until the close of the war. Politically, he is a stanch Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 Maetin V. Clemens was born in Trenton, New Jersey, December 8, 1840, and 
 was about four years old when his parents settled in Charleston township, Tioga 
 county. Here he grew to manhood, working on the farm and in the lumber woods 
 with his father until 1863, when he enlisted in Company A, Ninety-eighth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers. He served with the Army of the Potomac, and passed through 
 unharmed. He was honorably discharged at Washington, D. C, in July, 1865, and 
 returned to his home in Tioga county, where he purchased his present farm the fol- 
 lowing year. Mr. Clemens was married December 31, 1863, to Mary Ann Ely, a 
 daughter of Seldin Ely, of Charleston township. Nine children are the fruits of this 
 union, viz: Frederick J., of Charleston; Morton S., deceased; Minnie M., wife of 
 Adelbert Kittell, of Delmar; John B. and Herbert, deceased; Lewis Edgar, Bertie, 
 Decatur Martin and Mamie Bell. In politics, Mr. Clemens is a Democtat, and is 
 also a member of the I. 0. 0. P. 
 
 Alonzo Whitney was bom at Nine Partners, New York, in 1801, a son of 
 Abram J. and Philena (Adams) Whitney, both natives of Connecticut. He ob- 
 tained a common school education, and soon after attaining his majority settled in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 775 
 
 Danby, Tompkins county. New York, whence he removed to Caroline, New York, 
 where he had a contract for furnishing timber to be used in the construction of the 
 Ithaca and Owego railroad, now the Ithaca division of the Delaware, Lackawanna 
 and Western. He subsequently removed to Gibson, now Coming, New York, 
 where he kept a hotel for twenty-five years, and was also a foreman in the construction 
 of the Chemung canal. In 1848 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and pur- 
 chased 300 acres of land in Charleston township, at what is now known as Whit- 
 neyville, where he followed farming the remainder of his life. His wife, Fannie, 
 was a daughter of Lewis Pitts, of Danby, New York, and had one son. Nelson. 
 Mr. "Whitney held nearly all of the township offices at different periods, and was 
 postmaster at Whitneyville several years. He was a Democrat up to the nomina- 
 tion of Lincoln, when he cast his vote for the Eepublican candidates. Mr. Whitney 
 died on his farm in Charleston, May 1, 1881, aged seventy-nine years. His wife 
 survived him more than six years, dying August 3, 1887, aged eighty-five. 
 
 Capt. Nelson Whitney, only child of Alonzo and Fannie Whitney, was born 
 in Danby, Tompkins county. New York, January 5, 1833. When he was seven 
 years old his parents moved to Caroline, and two years later to Corning, New 
 York, where he grew to manhood. In 1848 he came with the family to Tioga 
 county and settled in Charleston township, where he devoted his attention to farm- 
 ing until 1858, when he also embarked in merchandising at Whitneyville, and did 
 a business of about $20,000 per annum. When Sumter was fired on, he at once 
 tendered his services to the government, and when President Lincoln made his 
 first call for volunteers, Mr. Whitney went out with the recruits from Bradford, 
 Sullivan and Tioga counties, as quartermaster, with the rank of major, in the Thir- 
 teenth Division, and rendezvoused at Troy, Bradford county. After remaining 
 there ten days, they proceeded to Camp Curtin, near Harrisburg, where Major 
 Whitney acted as quartermaster of the old Bucktail regiment until the expiration 
 of his term, when he returned home. On August 6, 1861, he received orders from 
 the adjutant general of Pennsylvania to raise a company, which he accomplished, 
 recruiting his command in Charleston township. It was mustered into the service 
 as Company G, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, with Mr. Whitney as captain. 
 He reported at Camp Curtin, where his company was mustered in, October 14, 
 1861, and thence proceeded to Washington, D. C, and from there to Fortress Mon- 
 roe. On December 6, 1861, they were sent to South Carolina, to join the Army 
 of the South, under Sherman and Hunter, and participated in the battle of .James 
 Island. Shortly after Captain AVhitney received a sunstroke, at Hilton Head, 
 South Carolina, from the efl'eets of which he has never fully recovered. The com- 
 pany was then sent to Newport News, Virginia, where it became a part of the Ninth 
 Army Corps, under General Burnside. Here Captain Whitney was compelled to 
 resign, August 31, 1862, because of faihng health. He returned to Charleston 
 township, and about ten days later recruited another company, but did not again 
 go into active service. At the close of the war he sold his mercantile business and 
 engaged in farming and wool buying. Captain Whitney was married January 1, 
 1845, to Susan C. Parsell, a daughter of Samuel Parsell, of Coming, New York. 
 Nine children blessed this union, viz: William E., deceased; Mary, wife of Abram 
 Tipple, of Charleston; Frank, of Corning, New York; Fanny, wife of Otis L. 
 
776 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Allen, of Kansas; Willis, a farmer of Middlebury; Seymour, of Charleston; Nellie, 
 wife of H. W. Neal, a resident of the same township; Jessie, at home, and Jane, wife 
 of Charles Symonds, of Bath. Captain Whitney has always taken an active inter- 
 est in public affairs, and though a Eepublican, was a candidate for sheriff on the 
 Greenback ticket, and for associate judge on both the Democratic and Greenback 
 tickets,, but the county was so strongly Republican that he was defeated. He is 
 a member of the Masonic order, and one of the well-known citizens of Tioga county. 
 
 Thomas D. Davies, a native of Carmarthenshire, Wales, grew to manhood 
 in his native land, and there married Elizabeth Jones. In 1841 they immigrated 
 to the United States, and located in Blossburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, -where 
 Mr. Davies operated the incline plane for eighteen years. In 1868 he removed to 
 Charleston township, where his wife died in 1879, and himself in 1891. They 
 were the parents of six children, five of whom were born in Tioga county. The 
 oldest, John, was born in Wales; came to Blossburg with his parents, and enlisted 
 in Company G, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was 
 kUled at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, when 336 were killed or captured 
 out of a regimental roster of 450 men. 
 
 Thomas J. Davies was bom in Blossburg, Tioga county, April 15, 1843, a son 
 of Thomas D. Davies. He attended the common schools and Blossburg Academy 
 in boyhood, and has m.ade farming his vocation. On September 18, 1861, he en- 
 listed in Company G, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served throughout 
 the war, being promoted to second lieutenant on January 24, 1865. At the battle 
 of South Mountain he was struck by a piece of shell, which fractured his skull, and 
 he was taken to Patterson Park Hospital, Maryland. He rejoined his regiment in time 
 to take part in the battle of Fredericksburg, and was afterwards transferred to the 
 Army of the South, in Kentucky, which re-enforced Grant at Vicksburg. His 
 regiment next served in the engagements of Blue Springs, Campbell Station and 
 the Siege of Knoxville. Here he was discharged, December 31, 1863, in order to 
 re-enlist as a veteran, at Blain's Cross Roads, Tennessee. His command was then 
 transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and he served-in the following battles: 
 Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, and the assault on 
 Petersburg. During the Siege of Petersburg his brigade held the salient line. 
 He received a gunshot wound here, which grazed the right side of his skull, striking 
 near the right eye. He was taken to Harwood Hospital, Washington, D. C, where 
 he remained four months, and then rejoined his regiment in front of Petersburg, 
 where he remained until the town was captured. While in command of Company 
 D, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the capture of Fort Walker, he was again 
 wounded by a musket ball in the right wrist, and was taken to City Point Hospital. 
 In May, 1865, he rejoined his command at Alexandria, and served on the court 
 martial board three weeks, as one of the junior officers. His command was mus- 
 tered out of service July 17, 1865, by general order of the war department. Re- 
 turning to his home in Tioga county, he resumed the peaceful pursuits of agricul- 
 ture, which he has continued up to the present. He owns one of the finest farms 
 in Charleston township, located in the Welsh settlement, about five miles from 
 Wellsboro. Mr. Davies was married January 14, 1868, to Jane L. Davis, a daughter 
 of David S. Davis, of Covington. Eight children have been born to this marriage. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 777 
 
 viz: Harriet E., Elizabeth J., Avife of Charles Harkness; Edith May, John E ., M. 
 Gertrude, William L., A. Verne, and Benjamin, deceased. The family are mem- 
 bers of the Congregational church. Mr. Davis is past lieutenant colonel and a 
 member of the staff of the commanding general in the Union Veteran Legion. 
 He is also a member of the 1. 0. 0. F., the K. of H., and the G. A. R. In politics, 
 a Republican, he has served two terms on the school board, and is one of the sub- 
 stantial and progressive citizens of his native county. 
 
 Chahles Close, son of Reuben Close, and grandson of Newbury Close, Sr., 
 was born in Chatham township, February 3, 1826, and was reared to manhood in 
 his native township, receiving his education in the common schools. About 1847 
 he removed to Westfield and engaged in mercantile business with his brother 
 George. In 1853 he removed to Charleston township and settled at Round Top, 
 where he established potash works, which he carried on until about 1870, when he 
 purchased the Round Top Cheese Factory, which had been established in 1865 by 
 a stock company. In 1873 he bought out the general store of Samuel Morgan. 
 This and a small farm he carried on in connection with his cheese factory until his 
 death. May 16, 1883. Mr. Close was married in 184-7, to Jane Owlett, a daughter 
 of Gilbert B. and Martha (Pope) Owlett, of Chatham township. To this union 
 there were bom seven children, viz: Martha E., widow of Benjamin P. Claus; 
 Mary E. and Sybil A., deceased; Gilbert Burton, of Delmar: Reuben G., of Keeney- 
 ville; Edd G., of Round Top, and Arthur C, merchant and cheese manufacturer, 
 Keeneyville. Mrs. Close makes her home with her children. Mr. Close was a Re- 
 publican, in politics; was a justice of the peace in Chai'leston township from 1860 
 to 1870, and postmaster of Round Top for many years. He was a man of strict 
 integrity, honorable in his dealings, and esteemed and respected by all who knew 
 him. 
 
 E. G. Close, merchant and cheese manufacturer, at Round Top, Charleston 
 township, Tioga county, was bom in that township, Januajy 37, 1867, a son of 
 Charles and Jane (Owlett) Close. He obtained his education in the public schools 
 of his native township and at Westbrook's Commercial College, Olean, New York. 
 In February, 1888, he purchased the Round Top Cheese Factory from his father's 
 estate. This factory, which has a capacity of thirty tons per annum, he has since 
 operated. In 1890 he opened a general store at Round Top, and has carried on 
 merchandising in connection with the cheese industry. November 39, 1889, Mr. 
 Close was appointed postmaster of Round Top, which office he has filled up to the 
 present. He was married February 1, 1888, to Ella L. Marks, a daughter of Charles 
 and Jane Marks, of Charleston township, and has three children, viz: Florence J., 
 Max C. and Jay Marks. Mr. and Mrs. Close are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church. In politics, he is an adherent of the Republican party, and also a 
 member of Tyoga Lodge, No. 330, I. 0. 0. F., "Wellsboro. 
 
 "Waldo Speae, merchant and postmaster at East Charleston, was born in 
 Springfield township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, April 19, 1843, a son of 
 Hiram and Lucy (Ripley) Spear. He was educated in the common schools and 
 Mansfield Classical Seminary. On October 14, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, 
 Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and participated in the following battles: Lebanon, 
 Murfreesboro, McMinnville and Gallatin, where he was taken prisoner August 31, 
 
778 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1862. He was paroled because of injuries, and, when exchanged, was detailed as 
 courier of the Second Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland, in which capacity 
 he served until December 28, 1864, when he was honorably discharged. Eeturning 
 to his home in Bradford county, he lived there until 1866, and then located at Mar- 
 din, Tioga county, where he was engaged in farming for seventeen years. In April, 
 1883, he purchased his present inercantile business at East Charleston, which he 
 has since successfully conducted. He was appointed postmaster of that office in 
 February, 1883, and has filled the position continuously up to the present. Mr. 
 vSpear was married January 37, 1880, to Eva C. Benedict, only child of J. C. and 
 Mary M. Benedict, of Austinville, Bradford county. They are the parents of one 
 son, Leland Ealph, bom May 9, 1886. Politically, Mr. Spear is a Eepublican, and 
 in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is secretary, lecturer 
 and overseer of Grange, ISTo. 939, P. of H.. and is commander of Tent, IsTo. 303, K. 
 0. T. M. 
 
 John S. Bliss, a native of Massachusetts, born June 7, 1817, was a son of 
 Stephen and Charlotte (Bailey) Bliss, natives of the same State. He came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, with his parents, and settled in Wellsboro, where he worked 
 at cabinet making until 1853. In that year he purchased a farm in Charleston 
 township, settled upon it and devoted his attention to farming during the balance 
 of his life. He died on April 10, 1894. He married Nancy Van Horn, a daughter 
 of William Van Horn, deceased, of Williamsport, who became the mother of seven 
 children, viz: Dwight and William, both farmers in Charleston; Mary, wife of 
 Eugene Close, deceased; John J., George, Lloyd B., and Charles, all of whom are 
 farmers in Charleston township. Mr. Bliss was a Republican in politics, and served 
 as school director one term. 
 
 John J. Bliss, a son of John S. and Nancy Bliss, was born in Charleston town- 
 ship, Tioga county, November 11, 1853, and grew to manhood on the homestead 
 farm, attending the district school during his boyhood days. At the a^e of twenty- 
 three he purchased his present farm, five miles south of Wellsboro, on which he 
 has since resided. He married Miss Nettie Childs, of Nauvoo, Liberty township, 
 Tioga county. Mr. Bliss is a memiber of the I. 0. 0. P., and the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, and in politics, an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Feedinand Embbhger was bom in Germany, in 1816, was educated in his 
 native land, and at the age of forty came to the United States. He was a black- 
 smith, and worked at his trade in Iowa one year. He then went to Eochester, 
 New York, where he continued blacksmithing until 1859, when he came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and settled in Delmar township. He also worked at his 
 trade in Middlebury township, and in Lycoming county. In 1874 he located in 
 Charleston township, where he passed the remaining years of his life retired from 
 active business, dying in 1883. He was married in Germany to Anna Mary Miller, 
 to whom were bom six children, viz: Catherine, deceased; Henry, who enlisted 
 in Company L, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was mortally wounded at Dal- 
 las, Georgia, May 37, 1864; Ignatius, deceased; Martin, of Cherry Plats; Joseph, 
 of Charleston, and Anna, wife of William McCaslin. Mrs. Emberger died in 1861. 
 
 Joseph Emberger, youngest son of Ferdinand Emberger, M-as bom in Eoches- 
 ter, New York, April 13, 1858, and removed with his parents to Tioga county when 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 779 
 
 one year old. At the age of fifteen years he accompanied his father to Lycoming 
 county, where he remained two years, going thence to Lodi, New York. In the 
 autumn of 1880 he returned to Tioga county, where he has since resided. 
 He obtained his education in the common schools, the Wellsboro High School, 
 and the State Normal School, Mansfield, graduating from the last named in 
 the class of 1885. He taught school in Tioga county six terms, being principal 
 of the Amot graded school one year. In 1887 he purchased a farm of eighty acres 
 in Charleston township, on which he now lives. Mr. Emberger was married No- 
 vember 29, 1883, to Sarah Mclnroy, a daughter of Hugh Mclnroy, of Charleston. 
 She died April 33, 1888, followed ten days later by the death of their only child, 
 Hugh C, aged three years. In politics, Mr. Emberger is a Democrat, and has 
 served as auditor of Charleston township three terms. In 1896 he was elected a 
 member of the board of auditors of Tioga county. 
 
 Denton Gerow was bom in New York state, January 19, 1819, and came to 
 Tioga coimty, Pennsylvania, in 1866, settling in Charleston township. He was 
 a blacksmith, and followed that occupation through life. He married Bersheba 
 Gale, of Ulster county. New York, who bore him eleven children, viz: Green M., 
 of Wellsboro; Bailey A., of Knoxville; James N., of Charleston township; Mary 
 J., wife of Simeon Brown, of Watkins, New York; Dewitt C, of Charleston; 
 Marcus L., and Phoebe, both deceased ; Emma, wife of Dowling Ellenberger; Wal- 
 teo" E., of Charleston; Libbie, deceased, and Anna, wife of A. Lincoln Eaton. Mrs. 
 Gerow died on April 37, 1888, and her husband, February 16, 1892. 
 
 Dewitt C. Gerow, son of Denton Gerow, was born in Seneca county. New 
 York, August 2, 1848, and attended the common schools of his native countyin 
 boyhood. Before attaining his majority he commenced working at blaeksmithing 
 with his father, continuing the same until August 31, 1864. On that date he en- 
 listed in Company G, Fiftieth New York Engineers, and served in the Army of the 
 Potomac until June 13, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. Eetuming to 
 his home in New York, he continued to work at his trade until the fall of 1866, 
 when he came to Tioga county and located in Charleston township. He followed 
 blaeksmithing there two years, and then went to Lodi, New York, and engaged 
 in farming. A year later he returned to Charleston township, where he has since 
 devoted his attention to agriculture. Mr. Gerow was married January 1, 1870, 
 to Laura E. West, a daughter of Willliam and Caroline (Johnson) West, of Charles- 
 ton township. They are the parents of ten children, viz: Winnie, wife of Otis 
 Pealce, deceased; Ethel, wife of Miner Hinkley; Leon, Ada, Carrie, Edna, deceased; 
 Gale, Floyd, Miner and Irma. Politically, Mr. Gerow is an ardent Eepublican. 
 
 Isaac E. Bowbn was born on his present homestead in Charleston township, 
 Tioga county, October 30, 1869, a son of Joshua and Diana (Evans) Bowen, natives 
 of Carmarthenshire, South Wales. He attended the district schools of his native 
 township in boyhood, and also the State Normal School, at Mansfield, and then 
 engaged in teaching, which vocation he followed four years. At the end of this 
 period he went on the road as a traveling salesman for a short time, and later em- 
 barked in the tinning and plumbing business, which he followed until his father's 
 death. He then took charge of the homestead farm, and has since devoted his 
 attention to agriculture. Mr. Bowen was married October 29, 1888, to Mattie B. 
 
780 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Husted, a daughter of Ashley Husted, of Charleston township, and has three daugh- 
 ters: Maude, Beatrice and Neva. The family are connected with the Congrega- 
 tional church, and Mr. Bowen is a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and the K. 0. T. M. 
 In politics, he is a Eepublican, and is recognized as one of the enterprising young 
 farmers of the township. 
 
 James E. Petees was born in Almond, Allegany county. New York, October 
 18, 1834, and was a son of Joseph and Eliza (Carey) Peters, natives of England 
 and Pennsylvania, respectively. His education was acquired in the public schools 
 and Union Academy. He early became a resident of Parmington township, Tioga 
 county, where he followed agriculture up to 1878. In that year he was elected a 
 county commissioner, and removed to Elkland. He was re-elected in 1883 
 and filled the office six years. In 1884 he settled in Deerfield township 
 and engaged in merchandising at Academy Corners, which he continued 
 until 1891, when he was appointed superintendent of the county poor house. This 
 position he held up to his death, March 23, 1896. Mr. Peters was married Sep- 
 tember 3, 1851, to Priscilla Smith, a daughter of Henry and Phoebe (Cook) Smith, 
 of Nelson, Tioga county, to which union have been bom six children, viz: Sadie 
 M., wife of Daniel E. Casbeer, of Parmington; John W., Charles E. and Lena, all 
 of whom are dead; Eena, and J. Earl. The family are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. Mr. Peters was actively identified with the Eepublican party 
 from early manhood. He was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., the K. of H., and the 
 Patrons of Husbandry, and was elected Grand Master of the last named order in 1888. 
 
 CHAPTEE LX. 
 
 BIOGllAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 MiDDLEBURY AND FAEMINGTON TOWNSHIPS— NeLSON, ELKLAND AND OSOEOLA 
 
 Boroughs. 
 
 EiCHAED Goodwin was born in New Hampshire, in 1760, and came to Tioga 
 county with his family in 1807. He purchased a tract of land in Middlebury town- 
 ship, a portion of which is owned by his grandsons, George H. and Calvin A. Good- 
 win. Here he resided and cultivated his farm until old age prevented him from 
 further work. He died December 10, 1858, at the remarkable age of ninety-eight 
 years. He married Lauranie Carpenter, who bore him six children, viz: Benjamin, 
 Calvin, Charles, Lucy, Sally and Susan. The mother died soon after the family 
 came to Tioga coimty. 
 
 Caltin Goodwin was born in Vermont, January 9, 1799, and was about nine 
 years old when his parents, Eichard and Lauranie Goodwin, settled in the primitive 
 forest of Middlebury township. Here he grew to manhood, surrounded by the trials 
 and hardships of pioneer days, attending school in the little log building of the 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 781 
 
 neighborhoodj and assisting his parents to clear and improve the homestead. He 
 was an honest, hard-working man, and accumulated a good property. He spent 
 his entire life in this county upon the old homestead settled by his father. In 
 1825 Mr. Goodwin married Anna Sloat, a daughter of David Sloat. She was bom 
 in 1809, and bore him a family of eight children, named as follows: Albert, who 
 died in the South, while a soldier in the Union army; Milo, a resident of Middle- 
 bury; Matilda, wife of Edie Handy, of Deerfield; James W., a resident of Charles- 
 ton; Charles, who died at the age of fifty-nine; Charity, wife of Mason Bennett, 
 of "Wellsboro; Susan, who died at the age of forty-seven, and Calvin A., who lives on 
 a portion of the old homestead and with whom Mrs. Goodwin resides. 
 
 MiLO Goodwin, second son of Calvin Goodwin, was 'bom in Middlebury town- 
 ship, Tioga county, September 8, 1837, received a common school education, and 
 lived with his parents until his majority. He then bovight forty acres of land in 
 Charleston township, lived there two years, then sold it and purchased his present 
 farm west of Keeneyville. August 9, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, One Hun- 
 dred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania A^olunteers, under Captain Hammond, and 
 later Capt. John I. Mitchell, the present president judge of Tioga county, and was 
 honorably discharged at Harrisburg, in June, 1863. Mr. Goodwin was married 
 in 1847, to Fannie Spaulding, a daughter of William Spaulding, to which union 
 have been bom five children, viz: William, a resident of Chatham; Ettie, wife of 
 Salem Butler, of Deerfield: Frank, a farmer of Middlebury; Angle, wife of Gardner 
 Andrews, of Wellsboro, and Callie S., who lives on the homestead. In politics, 
 Mr. Goodwin is a Eepublican, and has served as a school director three years. He 
 is also a member of the G. A. K. and the P. of H. societies. 
 
 Calvin A. Goodwin, youngest child of Calvin Goodwin, was bom in Middle- 
 bury township, Tioga county, February 30, 1848. He attended the district schools 
 in boyhood, and has always lived on the old homestead, engaged in farming and lum- 
 bering. He married Marian West, a daughter of Thomas M. West, of Middlebury 
 township. May 13, 1867. She was born May 7, 1847, and is the mother of nine 
 children, viz: William, who died in infancy; Ida, wife of Eli Peck, of Middlebury; 
 Addie, wife of Leon West, of the same township; Orrin, Charles, James and Matie 
 A., all residents of Middlebury; Albert and Susan, both deceased. Mrs. Goodwin 
 is a member of the Free Will Baptist church. In politics, Mr. Goodwin is a Ee- 
 publican, has served as a school director one term, and is also a member of the 
 Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Charles Goodwin was born in New Hampshire, October 5, 1807, a few weeks 
 before the family removed to this county. He was the youngest son of Eichard 
 Goodwin, and was reared upon the homestead farm in Middlebury, which became 
 his property after his father's death. He married Esther Sloat, to which union 
 were born seven children, viz: Eoanna K., widow of Walter Briggs, of Eichmond 
 township; Adaline, deceased; George H., of Middlebury; Clarissa, Howard and 
 Alfred, all of whom are dead, and Eveline, wife of Henry Hayes, of Middlebury. 
 Mrs. Goodwin died on July 11, 1867, aged fifty-six years, and her husband, February 
 4, 1880, in his seventy-third year. 
 
 George H. Goodwin, only living son of Charles Goodwin, was bom on 
 his present farm in Middlebury township, Tioga county, August 18, 1836, was 
 
782 HISTOET OF TIOUA COUNTY. 
 
 educated in the district schools, and has made agriculture his hfe vocation. July 
 34, 1864, he married Beatrice K. Keeney, a daughter of Ransom Keeney, of Middle- 
 bury. She was born April 9, 1844, and has had three children, viz: Floyd H., who 
 died at the age of five years; Fred. A., who died at fourteen years of age, and Eoy, 
 who died in infancy. In politics, Mr. Goodwin is a stanch Democrat. 
 
 Thomas Keeney was born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 28, 1776, the 
 eldest of two sons born to Thomas Keeney, Sr., the younger one being Jesse. His 
 father was a native of Scotland, born May 31, 1751, and came to America prior to 
 the Eevolution, serving under Washington during that struggle for liberty. 
 Thomas spent his early life in his native place, whence he removed to Onondaga 
 county. New York, and in the autumn of 1815 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and purchased a large farm on Crooked creek, in Middlebury township. Here he 
 spent the remaining years of his life, dying September 1, 1853. He married Anna 
 Parshall, who bore him nine children, viz: Mercy, Israel P., Elijah, Elisha, Jesse, 
 and Alvira, all of whom are dead; Eansom, of Middlebury township; Anna, de- 
 ceased, and Thomas, a resident of Middlebury. Mrs. Keeney died February 28, 
 1827, aged forty-nine years. Mr. Keeney was a deacon in the Baptist church. 
 
 IsEAEL P. Keeney, eldest son of Thomas and Anna Keeney, was born in 
 Onondaga county. New York, in 1802, and was thirteen years old when the family 
 came to Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, and made farming his life voca- 
 tion. His wife, Clarinda, was a daughter of Aaron Niles, and bore him a family 
 of eleven children, as follows: Henry S., of Middlebury; Euth, who died in infancy; 
 Euth A., wife of Daniel Holiday; Mercy, deceased wife of Benjamin Starkey; 
 Alvira and Clarinda, both deceased; Deborah, deceased wife of Samuel Hayes; Mary, 
 wife of Joseph Brown, of Lawrence township; Henrietta, wife of 0. D. Whiteomb; 
 Delia, deceased wife of Orrin West, and Lafayette, deceased. Mr. Keeney and wife 
 were members of the Baptist church, in which he filled the office of deacon. He died 
 at Middlebury Center, March 11, 1886, and his wife, August 12, 1885, aged eighty- 
 seven years. 
 
 Heney S. Keeney, eldest child of Israel P. Keeney, and grandson of Thomas 
 Keeney, was born in Middlebury township, Tioga county, January 1, 1824. He 
 was reared upon the homestead, and assisted his parents on the farm until he was 
 twenty-two years of age, when he began working out as a farm hand and mill man. 
 May 11, 1845, he married Zunilda Whitney, a daughter of Jeremiah Whitney. She 
 was bom August 7, 1826, and is the mother of six children, as follows: Loren D., 
 who died at the age of eleven; Calista S., wife of Ephraim Thomas, of Mansfield; 
 Van Buren, of Chatham township, who married Sarah Short, who has had five 
 children: Frankie, deceased, Hattie, Vola, Olen and Stella; Euth A., wife of Clark 
 Sweet, of Middlebury; Henry S., a carpenter of Middlebury Center, who married 
 Katie Badman, and has three children, Leah, Eva and Seymour B.; and Flora A., 
 wife of Thomas B. Bolton, a resident of Middlebury Center. In September, 1864, 
 Mr. Keeney enlisted in Company G, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers. He was soon afterwards taken sick, and in May, 1865, was discharged at 
 Philadelphia because of disability. Politically, he is a Eepubliean, and both he and 
 wife are members of the Free Will Baptist church. 
 
 Jesse Keeney, youngest son of Thomas Keeney Sr., was born in Hartford, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 783 
 
 Connecticut, September 28, 1778, being exactly two years younger than his brother 
 Thomas. His father was a native of Scotland, born May 31, 1751, and came to 
 America prior to the Eevolution, serving under Washington during that struggle 
 for liberty. Jesse spent his early life in his native place, and married Catharine 
 Middaugh December 29, 1799, subsequently removing to New York state. His wife 
 was born September 13, 1781, and bore him the following children: Elias, Sarah, 
 Thomas, Permelia, Jesse, Abram S. and Jesse M., all of whom are dead; Caty, wife 
 of Delinas Walker; Mercy, deceased; Eichard M., a resident of Farmington town- 
 ship; Euby and George D., both deceased. Mr. Keeney came to Tioga county in 
 1831, and located on a farm at Mill Creek, where he died on June 18, 1834. His 
 wife survived him fourteen years, dying August 13, 1848. 
 
 Geoege Daniel Keeney, youngest child of Jesse Keeney, was bom at 
 Cortland, New York, December 5, 1825, and was six years old when his parents 
 settled in this county. Here he grew to maturity, and in the fall of 1848 located 
 at Keeneyville, where he engaged extensively in lumbering, and purchasd several 
 tracts of land. In 1859 he was commissioned first lieutenant of the Northern 
 Artillery. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster at Keeneyyille, and in 1866 was 
 elected a justice of the peace, an o£&ce he filled continuously for thirty years. He 
 also served as a school director several terms, and filled other minor ofiices of his 
 township. He was an ardent Eepublican, and always gave his support to that party. 
 Mr. Keeney was married August 27, 1848, to Jane A. Drew, a daughter of Deacon 
 John Drew. She was born March 2, 1830, and became the mother of nine chil- 
 dren, as follows: Florence A., wife of Prof. F. M. Smith, of Arcade, New York; 
 Agnes E., of Keeneyville; Ernest H., who died at the age of seven; Ida E., wife of 
 Leroy Costley, of Middlebury township; Arthur M., of Keeneyville; Helen J., de- 
 ceased; Eva G., wife of Elmer E. Guernsey, of St. Paul, Minnesota; Burton L., of 
 Keeneyville, and Myrtle L., who died at the age of twenty-three years. Mrs. Keeney 
 died January 1, 1893. She was for many years a member of the First Baptist 
 church. February 27, 1895, he married, for his second wife, Eachel L. Morse, of 
 Scranton, Pennsylvania. Mr. Keeney died February 11, 1896. He was a consistent 
 member of the First Baptist church; was also connected with the K. of H., and was 
 one of the oldest and most respected citizens of the community. 
 
 Ahthue M. Keenbt was born at Keeneyville, June 21, 1859, and is the oldest 
 living son of George D. Keeney.^ He was educated in the Keeneyville graded 
 school, and is now engaged in the retail meat business. On October 3, 1879, he 
 married Laura Wedge, a daughter of Samuel Wedge, of Middlebury township, and 
 has three children: Maude, Harry and Ethel. The last mentioned was given to 
 her uncle, Henry Wedge, at her mother's death, which occurred March 31, 1893. 
 Mr. Keeney is a member of the First Baptist church, also of the 1. 0. 0. F., the 
 K. 0. T. M., and the P. of H. societies. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and one of 
 the well-known business men of Keeneyville. 
 
 BuETON L. Keeney, youngest son of George D. Keeney, was bom at Keeney- 
 ville, Tioga county, October 20, 1866, and received his education at the Keeneyville 
 High School and the State Normal School, Mansfield. He also graduated in 
 stenography from Barnes' Shorthand College, St. Louis, Missouri, and practiced 
 as a professional stenographer for five years in Keokuk, Iowa, and St. Paul, Minne- 
 sota, and also in the courts of Tioga county. April 3, 1895, he married Luella P. 
 
784 HISTOEY OF TIOGA OOTJNTY. 
 
 ClooSj youngest daughter of Philip T. Cloos. Their daughter, Bdytha Luella, 
 was bom April 17, 1896. Mr. Keeney is a member of the Baptist church, a charter 
 member of the K. 0. T. M., and in politics, a Kepublican. He devotes his atten- 
 tion to farming. 
 
 Edsell Mitchell was born at the mouth of Mitchell's creek, in Tioga town- 
 ship, Tioga county, August 37, 1793, eldest child of Eichard and Euby (Keeney) 
 Mitchell, and is claimed by his descendants to have been the first white child bom 
 in this county. In 1816 he came to Middlebury township and located on the present 
 Mitchell faiTQ, where the remainder of his life was passed. He served in the War 
 of 1812, and is one of the well-remembered pioneers. He resided in Middlebury up 
 to his death, August 15, 1870. Mr. Mitchell was thrice married. His first marriage 
 occurred March 26, 1818, to Nancy Hill, bom December 27, 1793. She became the 
 mother of seven children, viz: Melissa, deceased; Alonzo and Thomas E., both 
 residents of Middlebury township; Margaret A., deceased; Lorenzo D., a farmer 
 of Charleston; Mercy, wife of Gr. L. Stevens, of Chicago, and Edsell, deceased. 
 Mrs. Mitchell died August 25, 1829. He was again married in December, 1829, 
 to Nancy Ottison, who bore him five children, viz: Eichard, Nancy and Jane, all 
 deceased; William A., of Middlebury, and Harriet, wife of Albert Longbothum, of 
 Mansfield. The mother died September 15, 1844, and he subsequently married 
 Mrs. Margaret Bates, a native of Ireland. 
 
 Thomas E. Mitchell, son of Edsell Mitchell, and grandson of Eichard 
 Mitchell, was born on his present farm in Middlebury township, Tioga county, 
 April 10, 1822, and attended school in the little log building near his father's home. 
 When twenty-seven years old he rented an adjoining farm, and one year later went 
 five miles into the forest of Charleston township, cut the first tree on a 100-acre tract, 
 cleared it up, and resided thereon for twenty-three years. In 1873 he sold this 
 property and located on his present farm, a part of the old homestead, where he 
 has since lived. Mr. Mitchell was married February 13, 1848, to Zelina Z. Stebbins, 
 a daughter of Orrin and Lydia (Treat) Stebbins. She was bom in Eaton, Madison 
 county. New York, March 11, 1829, and came to this counfy with her mother in 
 1835. Five children have been born to this marriage, viz: Frances E., who died 
 in childhood; Edgar A., a resident of Montgomery county; Thomas J., and Walter 
 B., residents of Middlebury township, and Lettie Z., who died in early youth. Mr. 
 Mitchell and wife have been life-long members of the Baptist church, and in 
 politics, adherents of the Eepublican party. While a resident of Charleston town- 
 ship, he served as collector and supervisor, has filled the ofiice of constable in Mid- 
 dlebury, and has always taken quite an active interest in public affairs. 
 
 William A. Mitchell, eldest living child of Edsell and Nancy (Ottison) 
 Mitchell, was born where he now resides, in Middlebury township, July 29, 1837. 
 He attended the common schools in boyhood, and was reared upon the homestead 
 farm, where he has spent his entire life, with the exception of five years, from 
 1870 to 1875, when he was operating a grist-mill at Tioga. He has also operated the 
 McClure mill, near his home, but has devoted his principal attention to farming. 
 Mr. Mitchell has been twice married. On March 16, 1861, he married Helen E. 
 Leete, a daughter of Thomas Leete, who bore him three children, viz: Cora C, who 
 died in childhood; Winfield, a tinsmith in Wellsboro, and Willie E., at home. 
 Mrs. Mitchell died February 3, 1886, and he was again married on September 20, 
 
^y^^^f^^ ^ ^^/^'C'A-^:^^^^^^''^^'^^ 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 785 
 
 1887, to Anna Prutsman, a daughter of Jacob Prutsman, of Middlebury township. 
 She was bom July 5, 1851. Mr. Mitchell and wife are members of the Baptist 
 church. Politically, a Eepublican, he has filled the offices of school director, con- 
 stable and township clerk. 
 
 Waltek B. Mitchell was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1857, a son of Thomas E. and Zelina Z. Mitchell, and grandson of Edsell 
 Mitchell. When twenty-one years old he began for himself by cultivating rented 
 farms, but at the end of four years bought his present property from Charles J. 
 Humphrey, which embraces 153 acres, located on Hill's creek. Mr. Mitchell was 
 married November 13, 1878, to Helen White, a daughter of Waldo White, of Mid- 
 dlebury township, and has two children, Nellie E. and Ava I. In politics, he is 
 an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 John Eoe, a native of Vermont, came from Delaware county. New York, to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1815, and located on Crooked creek, in Middle- 
 bury township. He was married in New York state to Waitie Burdick, who bore 
 him seven children, viz: Cornelius, Eosanna, Henry, Samuel, Mary, Elizabeth 
 and Jonathan B. Mr. Eoe and wife spent their declining years in this county, and 
 died on their homestead in Middlebury township. 
 
 CoENELiTTS EoE, eldest child of John Eoe, was bom in Orange county. New 
 York, in 1794, there grew to manhood, and in 1833 came to Tioga county and located 
 on the Tioga river, in Tioga township, where he found employment on a farm for 
 a few months. He then purchased ninety acres of land in Middlebury township, 
 on which he made his home the remaining years of his life. He married Betsey 
 Mills, to which union were born eight children, as follows: Jane, widow of Jefferson 
 Button, of West Avon, New York; James M., of Delmar township; Adelia and 
 Andrew J., both deceased; John 0. and Thomas E., of Middlebury township; 
 Mercy E., widow of Joseph Haines, of Wilmington, Delaware, and Marian E., wife 
 of Eobert J. Hill, of Savannah, Georgia. Mrs. Eoe died June 3, 1843, aged forty- 
 three years, and her husband, June 25, 1861. 
 
 James M. Eoe was bom in Delaware county. New York, August 18, 1832, and 
 is the eldest son of Cornelius Eoe, and grandson of John Eoe. He was reared upon 
 a farm, and was eleven years old when his parents came to Tioga county. He 
 lived on the home farm until 1867, a portion of which he had owned since 1855. 
 In April, 1867, he bought his present farm in Delmar township, one mile and a half 
 west of Wellsboro, where he has resided up to the present, with the exception of a 
 few years spent in Wellsboro. Mr. Eoe was married July 1, 1847, to Harriet Paulina 
 Hutchinson, a daughter of Solomon and Austania (Morse) Hutchinson. She was 
 bom June 29, 1836, in Guilford, Chenango county. New York; came to Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1843, and is the mother of the following children: Julia M., born May 1, 
 1848, and died November 15, 1888; Lewis A., bom December 33, 1849, and died 
 November 38, 1893; Sheldon N., born January 3, 1851, who resides at home; 
 Austania J., bom April 3, 1854, and died September 10, 1877; Comelius E., bom 
 July 2, 1857, married Ida Kizer, January 31, 1883, and has had two children, Guy 
 H., deceased, and Lettie J.; James E., bom June 8, 1863, and died August 16, 
 1864, and Byron L., bom November 13, 1864, a practicing physician. The family 
 attend the Presbyterian church, and both Mr. Eoe and wife are members of the 
 
 50 
 
786 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. In politics, he is a Democrat, and has served as a school 
 director in Middlebury township twelve years. 
 
 John 0. Eoe, a son of Cornelius Eoe, and grandson of John Eoe, was bom in 
 Delaware county. New York, October 24, 1828, and was five years old when his 
 parents came to Tioga county. He was reared in Middlebury township, and has fol- 
 lowed farming and lumbering all his Hfe. With the exception of eighteen months 
 spent in St. Paul, Minnesota, he has resided upon his present farm, a portion of 
 which belonged to the old homestead, since his marriage. On March 12, 1864, he 
 married Mrs. Ann Eliza Deeper, a daughter of Sands Springer. She was bom 
 March 24, 1834. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Roe 
 is connected with the Patrons of Husbandry. Politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 Thomas E. Roe, son of Cornelius and Betsey Eoe, was bom in Orange county, 
 New York, September 30, 1832, and was about one year old when his parents came 
 to Tioga county. He was reared upon the homestead in Middlebury township, and 
 has lived upon the same place since early boyhood. He spent three years in Oregon, 
 from September, 1891, where he owns 400 acres of timber land. For some years 
 he has been engaged in selling wagons and farm implements, when not pursuing 
 his farm duties. On January 13, 1854, he married Hannah Gee, a daughter of 
 Joseph Gee. She was bom April 30, 1838, and is the mother of nine children, viz: 
 John C, who is engaged in the lumber business in Oregon; Fred S., deceased; 
 Clark E., a carpenter and mill man; Thomas A., who died at the age of thirty; 
 Amos, who died in infancy; Joseph W., a furniture dealer and undertaker at 
 Keeneyville; Anna M., wife of "Wallace W. Caskey, of Oregon; Hannah G., who died 
 at the age of fourteen, and Mildred, who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Roe are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. 
 In politics, a Republican, he has filled the ofiice of township supervisor fourteen 
 years. 
 
 James Bryant was born in Steuben county, New York, December 31, 1799, 
 and came to Tioga county with his parents in the year 1800. Here he grew to man- 
 hood and became quite a successful farmer, owning several hundred acres of land 
 in Middlebury township. On October 24, 1824, he married Mary Rattze, who was 
 bom in Tioga county, November 20, 1806, and became the mother of the fallowing 
 children: Hiram, deceased; Ephraim J., who died in a rebel prison during the Ci-vil 
 War; Jabez Z., a farmer in the west, and Mary D., deceased. Mr. Bryant died on 
 July 3, 1857. His wife survived him thirty-two years, dying August 27, 1889. 
 
 Hiram Bryant, eldest son of James and Mary Bryant, was bom in Middle- 
 bury township, Tioga county, June 24, 1825, there grew to manhood, and obtained a 
 common school education. Mr. Bryant was married three times. In 1848 he 
 married Jane Smith, who died soon after without issue. He was again married May 
 6, 1854, at Canton, Bradford county, to Cordelia Packard, a daughter of Silas 
 Packard. She was bom in Bradford county, October 10, 1833, and became the 
 mother of six children, viz: Herman F., James E., Niles E., Rose B., wife of Parshall 
 E. Wilcox; Millie A., who died at the age of seventeen, and John M. The five 
 surviving children are residents of Middlebury township. Mrs. Bryant died Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1881. His third wife was Sophia Scofield, nee Beach. Mr. Bryant died 
 April 19, 1892. His widow resides in Middlebury township. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 787 
 
 James E. BeyanTj second son of Hiram Bryant, and grandson of James Bryant, 
 was bom on the homestead farm in Middlebury township, Tioga county, November 
 17, 1857. When fifteen years old he began working out as a farm hand, which he 
 continued until his twenty-fourth year. He then rented a place in Farmington 
 township, and at the end of one year bought out the other heirs to the old home- 
 stead, and now owns 150 acres of well-improved land. On November 13, 1881, he 
 married Alice 0. Mies, a daughter of Wallace Niles, of Middlebury township, and 
 has two children, Olaf Gr. and Alaf G. Mrs. Bryant was a member of the Free Will 
 Baptist church. She died June 29, 1895. Mr. Bryant is a member of the K. 0. T. 
 M., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 NiLES Emmee Bbtant, third son of Hiram Bryant, was born in Middlebury 
 township, Tioga county, June 33, 1859. He worked at home until twenty-two years 
 of age, and then found employment in the lumber woods. In the spring of 1885 he 
 bought his present farm of 213 acres, a short distance north of Holiday, upon which 
 he has since lived. On September 16, 1885, he married EUa Archer, a daughter of 
 William Archer, of Middlebury township, and had one son, who died in infancy. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bryant are members of the Free Will Baptist church, also of the Patrons 
 of Husbandry. In politics, he supports the Eepublican party. 
 
 Ekastus Niles, Sk., third son of Nathan and Irene Mies, was bom in Connec- 
 ticut, November 5, 1787, and was about nine years old when the family came to 
 Tioga county. He remained with his parents in Tioga township up to 1820, when 
 he and his brother Aaron located in Middlebury township, purchasing a part of the 
 original Strawbridge warrant. He at once began the work of clearing and improv- 
 ing his land, which is now owned by his son, Erastus M. He married Permelia 
 Ferry, a daughter of Ebenezer Ferry, a pioneer of Tioga township, who bore him a 
 family of seven children, viz: Aurilla, widow of Nathan T. West, of Middlebury; Mary, 
 wife of Philander West, of the same township; Erasmus W., deceased; Nathan H., 
 of Charleston township; Elvira, deceased wife of Harrison Combs; Cordelia, de- 
 ceased wife of Eichard M. Kinney, and Annetta, wife of Green Smith, of Middlebuiy. 
 Mrs. Mies died in 1837, and he was again married, to Mrs. Austania Hutchinson, 
 nee Morse, who became the mother of four children, as follows: James Homer, of 
 Middlebury; Helen D., wife of D. P. Herrington, of Charleston; Dora, deceased 
 wife of Harrison Combs, and Erastus M., of Middlebury. Mr. Mies died on his 
 farm in Middlebury township, July 24, 1877, in the ninetieth year of his age. 
 
 James Homee Niles, eldest child of Erastus and Austania Mies, was bom at 
 Mies Valley, Tioga county, January 7, 1839. He was reared on the homestead, and 
 remained with his parents until twenty years of age, when he began in life for him- 
 self. For a short time he worked as a teamster at Niles Valley, and later followed 
 the same business at Salamanca, New York. Eetuming home, he went to Virginia 
 in 1860, where he found employment as a railroad brakesman for six months. He 
 again came home, but soon after went to Washington, D. C, and entered the govern- 
 ment service as a member of a construction corps, and was sent to Tennessee, and 
 later to Atlanta, Georgia. In the fall of 1864 he returned to Tioga county, and the 
 following spring located on his present farm, then owned by his father. Here he 
 erected a log house and followed farming one year. At the end of this time he moved 
 to Niles Valley, bought a home and worked as a millwright for fifteen years at that 
 
788 HiSTOET or tioga county. 
 
 point. In 1880, his father having previously died and left him his present home- 
 stead, he sold his property in Niles Valley and located on the farm, where he erected 
 a fine residence in 1882. Mr. Niles was married March 5, 1865, to Emily L. Bene- 
 dict, a daughter of Marcus Benedict, of Eichmond township. She was bom August 
 23, 1842, and has one daughter, Clara A., wife of W. W. Stevens, of Parmington. 
 The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, ad- 
 herents of the Democratic party. Mr. Niles has filled the office of school director one 
 term, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Eeastus M. Niles, youngest child of Erastus and Austania Niles was bom on 
 his present homestead, in Middlebury township, Tioga county, March 8, 1846. He 
 was educated in the common schools, and has devoted his entire attention to culti- 
 vating the home farm at Niles Valley, which embraces 130 acres of well-improved 
 land. He married Jane Prench, a daughter of Moses Prench, of Middlebury tovm- 
 ship, and has two children, Marion P. and Angle. Politically, Mr. Niles is a stanch 
 Democrat, and is recognized as one of the prominent farmers of his native township. 
 
 Erasmus W. Niles, eldest son of Erastus Niles, Sr., was bom in Niles Valley, 
 Middlebury township, in May, 1827, and followed farming and lumbering all his life. 
 He was well known among the lumbermen of Tioga county, and did a great deal of 
 rafting down the Susquehanna river. In 1851 he married Catherine Backus, of 
 Charleston township, who bore him the following children: Erastus, of Charleston; 
 Parmelia Alvaretta, wife of Eeuben Maynard, of Elk township; Annetta Louisa, 
 wife of George Jackson, of Middlebury; Almeda, wife of H. T. Eoe, of the same 
 township; Nathan B., deceased; Alice Aurilla, wife of Edie Bryant, of Middlebury; 
 Catherine, wife of J. E. Jackson, also a resident of Middlebury; Wallace L., of 
 Chatham; Emma E., deceased, and Geary, who resides in Middlebury. Mr. Niles 
 died April 9, 1871, and his wife, November 23, 1893. In politics, a Eepublican, 
 he served as supervisor of Middlebury township fourteen terms. 
 
 Eeastus Niles, eldest child of Erasmus "W. Niles, was bom on the homestead 
 in Middlebury township, Tioga county, Pebruary 20, 1853, and has always followed 
 farming and lumbering. He removed from his native township to Charleston town- 
 ship, where he purchased his present farm. On March 3, 1882, he married Ella 
 Guerin, a daughter of Edward Guerin, of Charleston, who has borne him three 
 children: Harry E., Nathan L., deceased, and James Erastus. Mr. Niles is a Ee- 
 publican, and is now serving on the school board. He is also connected with the 
 I. 0. 0. P. and the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 SoLOMOisr Westbeook was born in Chemung county, New York, March 1, 
 1795, there grew to manhood, and served in the War of 1813. A few years later he 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm on the Cowanesque 
 river, some three miles west of Lawrenceville, in Lawrence township. Two years 
 afterwards he sold this and removed to Middlebury township, where he bought 
 seventy-five acres of land near Holiday. Here he resided until his death, August 1, 
 1863. He was married at Tioga, in 1823, to Betsey E. Prutsman, a daughter of Jacob 
 and Mary Pmtsman, who came from Easton, Pennsylvania, to Tioga county in the 
 fall of 1804. She was bom near Easton, March 3, 1803, and by her marriage to 
 Solomon Westbrook became the mother of seven children, viz: Mary, born March 
 30, 1824, and died July 2, 1835; John A., born Pebruary 10, 1826, who resides in 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 789 
 
 Middlebury township; Albert H., bom May 8, 1828, and died ia 1883; William J., 
 bom August 13, 1830, and died in 1878; Jacob H., bom October 18, 1832, a farmer 
 of Tioga township; Theresa A., bom July 27, 1834, wife of George Stevens, of 
 Galeton, and Abram L., a resident of Middlebury township. Mrs. Westbrook died 
 on March 3, 1883. 
 
 Abeam L. Westbeook, youngest child of Solomon Westbrook, was bom in 
 Middlebury township, Tioga county, October 18, 1836. He obtained a common 
 school education, and remained at home until his father's death. He then bought* 
 . out the other heirs and became the owner of the old homestead. He subsequently 
 purchased 135 acres adjoining, and later a farm of 130 acres, a short distance north 
 of the home farm, upon which he resides, but cultivates both places. Mr. West- 
 brook was married in 1875, to Miss Mary Harris, who bore him one son. Boy S. 
 Mrs. Westbrook died in 1877. Mr. Westbrook is a member of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, and in politics, a Eepublican. By rigid industry and close attention to his 
 business, he has accumulated through the passing years a large property, and is 
 to-day one of the leading farmers of his native township. 
 
 Thomas Leete was born in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, in 1790, and was 
 a sailor in early life. He came to Tioga county early in the present century, and 
 located on a farm in Middlebury township, where he cleared and improved a 100- 
 acre tract, on which he resided up to his death. He possessed a good education, 
 and a fair knowledge of surveying, which business he followed for many years. His 
 wife, Sallie, was a daughter of Sala Cole, and bore him six children, viz: Fannie M., 
 wife of James McWhorter, of Middlebury; Alfred and Clark, both farmers of that 
 township; Orpha, wife of A. B. Eundall, of Mansfield; Katharine, deceased wife of 
 Waldo White, and Helen E., deceased wife of William A. Mitchell. Mr. Leete died 
 April 38, 1868, and his wife, N'ovember 3, 1876, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Claek Leete was bom in Middlebury township, Tioga county, March 25, 1837, 
 a son of Thomas Leete. He obtained a limited education in the district schools of 
 his native township, entering the lumber woods when he was sixteen years old, 
 which business he followed for twenty years. In 1872 he purchased the Dunham 
 farm, which he traded two years later for his present homestead. In 1883 he bought 
 another farm of 135 acres, northwest of Hammond, and now cultivates both. On 
 October 34, 1860, he married Sally, a daughter of Abram and Catherine (Cole) 
 Adams, to which union have been bom five children, viz: Arthur A., Albert and 
 George W., all deceased; Frederick H. and Frank T. Mr. Leete is a member of the 
 I. 0. 0. P., and in polities, a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Elphetts Button was one of the early settlers of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 Ifaving located in Middlebury township about 1830. He wa« bom Febmary 7, 
 1787, and died March 36, 1870, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He married 
 Betsey Hill, to which union were bom the following children: Jehiel, Jefferson and 
 Charles, all deceased; William, a resident of Keeneyville; Hiram, a farmer of Mid- 
 dlebury township; Ealph, deceased; Polly, widow of P. Y. Houghtaling; Harvey, 
 a retired farmer; Henry, Alonzo and Melissa, all of whom are dead, and Miles, a 
 resident of Homellsville, New York. Mrs. Button died March 30, 1869, aged eighty 
 years. 
 
 Haevet Button- was bom in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1827, 
 eighth child of Elpheus and Betsey Button. He attended the pioneer schools of his 
 
790 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 neighborhood, and subsequently engaged in farming, which he followed until 1890. 
 He then sold his farm to his son, Charley B., and now lives with his son, Ellis P., 
 in Chatham township. He married Emily Hamm, in 1853, and has three children, 
 viz: Marshall, of Chatham township; Charley B., of Middlebury, and Ellis P., a resi- 
 dent of Chatham. Mrs. Button died on June 21, 1889, in her fifty-eighth year. 
 
 Chaeley B. Button, a son of Harvey Button, and grandson of Elpheus Button, 
 was bom in Middlebury township, Tioga county, August 36, 1859. He worked on 
 the home farm until his twenty-fourth year, and then found employment in the 
 Mies Valley tannery four years. He later followed lumbering one year, and in 
 March, 1890, purchased the old homestead of eighty acres from his father. He cul- 
 tivated this farm two years, and then went to Newark, New Jersey, where he was em- 
 ployed for two years in a retail grain and feed store. At the end of this time he 
 returned to his farm in Middlebury, and has since devoted his attention to agri- 
 culture. On July 21, 1883, Mr. Button married Helen L. Brown, a daughter of 
 Orlando and Jane A. (Marvin) Brown. Her father was bom in Tompkins county, 
 New York, in 1839, came to Tioga county in 1853, and followed stationary en- 
 gineering and farming to the time of his death. Her mother reared three children, 
 viz: Helen L., Lillie A., wife of E. B. Chambers, of Newark, New Jersey, and H. 
 Arthur, the last of whom resides with his mother in Middlebury township. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Button has been bom one child. Alma L., who died in infancy. They have 
 an adopted son, George H. White, b6m April 6, 1884. They axe members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and also of the K. & L. 0. T. M. Mr. Button is also 
 connected with the I. 0. 0. P., and the P. of H., and in politics, a supporter of the 
 Eepublican party. 
 
 S.ALA Cole was born in Windham, Vermont, there grew to manhood and mar- 
 ried Sallie Stevens, who bore him seven children, six of whom grew to maturity, 
 viz: Heber, Maria, Adaline, Sallie> Catherine and A. Clark. In the summer of 
 1834 the family came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled on a farm near 
 Hammond, in Middlebury township. Here Mr. Cole and wife passed the remain- 
 ing years of their lives. 
 
 Heber Cole, eldest child of Sala and Sallie Cole, was bom in Windham, Ver- 
 mont, September 13, 1803, there grew to maturity, and in February, 1834, came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, preceding the other members of the family a few 
 months. He worked three years for fifty acres of timber land, on which he located, 
 clearing and improving what is now known as the Cole homestead. On April 17, 
 1836, he married Louisa Stevens, a daughter of Martin and Polly Stevens. She 
 was bom in Vermont, May 13, 1813, and became the mother of six children, viz: 
 Celestia M., bom February 9, 1837, and died August 35, 1858; George L., born 
 December 25, 1838, a farmer in Middlebury; Oscar E., born May 10, 1841, and 
 died May 5, 1864; Katie, who died in infancy; Eveline S., born July 2, 1843, and 
 died November 14, 1848, and Delia E., born August 8, 1849, wife of W. D. Sim- 
 mons, of Middlebury township. Mrs. Cole died on November 17, 1863, and April 
 16, 1865, he married Mrs. Charlotte Welch. Mr. Cole followed farming all his life, 
 and died on his farm in Middlebury, August 24, 1891. His widow resides in Tioga. 
 In politics, a Eepublican, he was collector of the township in 1840, and was a liberal, 
 active and successful man. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 791 
 
 Geoege L. Cole was born on his present farm at Hammond, in Middlebury 
 township, Tioga county, December 35, 1838, obtained a common school education, 
 and has always followed farming. June 4, 1864, he married Laura A. White, a 
 daughter of George White, of Farmington township, to which union have been 
 bom three children, viz: Oscar E., a farmer of Middlebury; Celestia M., and Katie 
 L., both of whom died in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Cole are members of the First Baptist 
 church, at Hammond, in which he fills the office of deacon. Politically, he is a 
 Eepublican. He owns a farm of 130 acres one mile north of the old homestead,- 
 which is cultivated by his son, and is one of the successful farmers of his native 
 township. 
 
 Ebbnezek Feeey, a native of Massachusetts, whose ancestors came from Eng- 
 land to America at an early day, was one of the first settlers of Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania. He served in the Wax of 1812, from Massachusetts, and in 1818 purchased 
 a farm near Tioga, in Tioga township, where he resided up to' 1839. He then sold his 
 farm and removed to Charleston township, where he and wife both died at a ripe 
 old age. He married a Miss Bruce, of Massachusetts, and they were the parents of 
 seven children, all of whom axe dead, viz: Yalona, Permelia, Louisa, Fidelia, Sally, 
 Chauncey and Charles. 
 
 Chauncet Feeey was bom in Massachusetts, April 3, 1800, ajid was the 
 eldest son of Ebenezer Ferry. He was eighteen years old when the family came 
 to Tioga county, and having received a good education in his native State, fol- 
 lowed school teaching in this county for several yeaxs. He later purchased a farm 
 in Sullivan township, cultivated it for a few years, and then sold out and bought 
 one in Middlebury township. Soon after he sold this also and purchased a property 
 in Tioga township, whence he removed into Charleston township, where he bonght 
 quite a large tract of land. His wife, Stella, was a daughter of Samuel Van Gorder, 
 of Lawrence township, and bore him a family of eight children, viz: Catherine, 
 deceased wife of Alfred Sehieflelin; Charles D., a farmer of Charleston; Sarah, wife 
 of James Mack, of Elmira, New York; Mary, deceased wife of George Kohler; 
 Eobert B., of Middlebury; Hannah, wife of Dennis Gorsline, of Kansas; Elizabeth, 
 wife of Theodore Wright, of Philadelphia, and one that died in infancy. The 
 parents spent the remaining years of their lives in Charleston township, botii dying 
 on the old homestead. 
 
 EoBEET Betjce Fbeey wbs bom near Tioga, Tioga county, August 8, 1838, 
 youngest son of Chauncey Ferry. He worked at home until twenty-one years of age, 
 and then found employment in the lumber woods until the breaking out of the 
 war. On September 17, 1861, he enlisted at Wellsboro, in Company L, Second 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served in many of the fiercest battles of the war, such as 
 Standaxdville, Rappahannock Station, Second Bull Eun, Brandy Station, German- 
 town, Gettysburg, Aldee, Middleburgh, Mine Eun, Wilderness, Siege of Peters- 
 burg, etc. His horse was shot from under him June 23, 18G3, near Middleburgh, and 
 he was severely injured by the fall. He was successively promoted to first duty 
 sergeant, orderly sergeant, second lieutenant, and captain. In the spring of 1863 
 he was detaailed as guide for the Seventh Michigan Cavalry, and was discharged at 
 Brandy Station, December 16, 1863. He re-enlisted the following day in his old 
 company, and served until mustered out,, Jime 26, 1865. Eeturning to his home in 
 
792 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Tioga county, he cultivated a rented farm for a short time, and then bought one on 
 Losey creek, in Middlebury township. After living upon it three yeaj^, he sold it 
 and purchased a farm in Eiehmond township, which he cultivated four years. 
 Selling out he went to Kansas, but returned to this county at the end of a year, 
 and worked rented farms for eight years. In the spring of 1890 he bought his 
 present home at Mies Valley, where he makes a specialty of tobacco growing. Mr. 
 Ferry was married February 1, 1866, to Flora Wilson, a daughter of Luther and 
 Amarett (Upton) "Wilson. She was born at Stoddard, New Hampshire, April 28, 
 1841, and has three children, viz: Leon B., an attorney at Wellsboro; Ealph W., a 
 medical student, and Clive C. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and in polities support the Republican party. Mr. Ferry is a member of the K. of 
 H., and the G. A. E. 
 
 Reuben Towee Palmee was bom in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in 1814, 
 a son of Abram and Hannah Palmer. His father was a native of Vermont, whence 
 he removed to Bradford county at an early day, coming to Tioga county about 1830 
 and locating on a faim in Middlebury township, where both he and wife died. They 
 were the parents of thirteen children, Eeuben T. being the eighth in the family. 
 He was reared on a farm, and first came to Tioga county in boyhood to bum char- 
 coal. In 1835 he purchased a farm in Middlebury township, and henceforth de- 
 voted his attention to agriculture. He subsequently mairied Mary Ayres, a daughter 
 of Marcus Ayres, of Bradford county, lived in that county for a short period, and 
 then took up his residence on his farm in Middlebiiry. Nine children were bom to 
 Eeuben T. and Mary Palmer, as follows: Otis G., a resident of Michigan; Chauncey 
 King, deceased; Addie, wife of William Carr, of Michigan; Delila, deceased wife of 
 William Holt; Emma, wife of James Shutter, of Tioga township; Hannah, de- 
 ceased; Alzuma, wife of Silas Holt, of Canton, New York; Lueian B., of Farming- 
 ton township, and Laura, wife of Orson Daggett. Mr. Palmer died March 31, 1898. 
 His widow is in her eightieth year, having been born September 11, 1817. 
 
 Chauncey King Palmer, second son of Eeuben T. Palmer, and grandson of 
 Abram Palmer, was bom in Granville, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, December 
 13, 1840. He was reaped in Middlebury township, obtained a common school edu- 
 cation, and when eighteen years old went into the lumber woods as a teamster. He 
 was later employed as a farm hand until the breaking out of the war. April 32, 
 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Sixth Pennsylvania Eeeerve, imder Capt. Julius 
 Sherwood, and participated in. the following battles: Ball's BlufE, Drainsville, 
 Seven Days Fight before Eiehmond, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, 
 Second Bull Eun, and Gettysburg. He was wounded at Antietaotn, and was finally 
 discharged at Washington, D. C, July 28, 1864. Eetuming home he was unable 
 to work for two' years because of sickness contracted in the army. In May, 1875, 
 he purchased a farm of 115 acres, northeast of Keeneyville, on which he resided 
 until his death, November 30, 1896. Mr. Palmer was married May 10, 1881, to 
 Jane Cloos, a daughter of Newbury Cloos, Jr., of Middlebury township, and left 
 one son, Harry N. Politically, he was a Eepublican, and in religion, a zealous 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was also a member of Alfred 
 Toles Post, G. A. E., and of Middlebury Grange, and was highly respected by the 
 community in which the greater portion of his life was spent. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SEETCHES. 793 
 
 Maetin Stevens was born in Warwick, Franklin county, Massachusetts, Sep- 
 tember 8, IT're. His father, Martin Stevens, came with two brothers from England 
 to America prior to the Eevolution and located in Ehode Island, whence he re- 
 moved to Massachusetts. His mother, Deborah, was a native of the latter State, 
 where she met and married Martin Stevens, Sr. The subject of this sketch followed 
 milling in his native State, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, 
 locating on a farm a short distance above Tioga village. Three years later he re- 
 moved to Middlebury township, and purchased a portion of the present Stevens 
 farm, to which he subsequently added by purchase. He was married in 1798, to 
 Polly Gale, a native of Warwick, Massachusetts, born February 18, 1777. Eleven 
 children were bom to this union, viz: Emory, Polly, Sally, MeUnda, Martin, Abram, 
 Louisa, Daniel G., Ezra I., Alvira M. and Clarissa P., all of whom axe dead except 
 Alvira M., widow of Dr. Joel Rose. The parents died upon the old homestead in 
 Middlebury township. 
 
 Daniel G. Stevens was bom in Townsend, Windham county, Vermont, July 
 10, 1816, son of Martin Stevens, and came to Tioga county with his parents when 
 about eleven years old. He received a good common school education, and fol- 
 lowed teaching for a time. He worked upon the home farm for some years, and 
 later engaged extensively in lumbering, but in later life became a farmer. He was 
 a good business man, and was fairly successful. In politics, a Eepublican, he filled 
 all of the township offices at different periods, and served one term as county com- 
 missioner. He was also a very active member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and a 
 stockholder in the Wellsboro and Tioga plank road. Mr. Stevens was married Octo- 
 ber 9, 1845, to Eveline Dunham, of Albany, 'New York, bom January 15, 1820. Five 
 children were the fruits of this union, viz: Horace L., of Middlebury; Clara M., 
 widow of J. 0. W. Bailey, of Mansfield; Walter B.-, and Adele L., both of whom died 
 in early youth, and Ada B., wife of John A. McLean, of Hammond. Mr. Stevens 
 died on May 28, 1875, and his wife, September 13, 1895. ' 
 
 Hoeace Leeoy Stevens, oldest child of Daniel G. Stevens, was born on his 
 present farm ia Middlebury township, December 19, 1847. After attending the 
 district schools of his native township, he entered the State Normal School of 
 Mansfield, and later Clinton Liberal Institute, Clinton, New York. He has always 
 remained on the homestead farm, and at his father's death purchased the interest of 
 the other heirs. This farm origiually embraced 520 acres, of which he has since 
 sold 290 acres. At one time he devoted his attention to hop growing, but it proved 
 a failure, and he has since been engaged quite extensively in lumbering and tobacco 
 growing. On December 35, 1871, he married Augusta N. Bailey, a daughter of 
 Cephas and CaroHne (Wright) Bailey. She was bom in Peru, Vermont, November 
 12, 1851, and has three children, Grace M., Daniel G. and Ezra B. Mr. Stevens and 
 wife are members of the Universalist church, and he is also connected with the I. 
 0. 0. F. and the P. of H. societies. In politics, a Republican, he has been a school 
 director for eleven years, and is one of the leading farmers of his native township. 
 
 Joseph E. Lyon was born in Chemung county, New York, in 1810, a son of 
 Augustus and Mary (Bennett) Lyon, natives of Massachusetts, who came from New- 
 York state to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1831, and purchased a farm at Niles 
 Valley, where the parents passed the remaining years of their lives. He obtained 
 
794 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a good education, and followed the profession of a teacher many years. He came to 
 Tioga county with his parents, and for more than twenty years taught in the district 
 schools of the neighborhood, and also assisted in cultivating the home farm. After 
 his father's death his mother sold the farm at Niles Valley and purchased the present 
 Lyon farm, which at her death became the property of the sons of Joseph E. Lyon 
 by the will of their grandmother. Here he continued to follow agricultural pur- 
 siiits up to his death, January 6, 1888. He married Martha Ives, a daughter of 
 Eoswell Ives, of Middlebury, to which marriage were bom eight children, as fol- 
 lows: Augustus, who enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, and was captiired and died of starvation in Salisbury prison,North 
 Carolina; Mary, widow of Delan Catlin, of Charleston township; Henry, and Abram, 
 both residents of Middlebury; Sarah, wife of Lorenzo Catlin, of the same township; 
 John, who enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and died of starvation in Salisbury prison; Lydia, wife of Orlando Jones, 
 of Charleston, and Bennett, a resident of Wellsboro. Mrs. Lyon died in 1863. 
 Mr. Lyon was a well-known farmer of Middlebury, and took an active interest in the 
 public schools of the township, filling the ofiice of school director many years. 
 
 Abeam Lyon was bom at Niles Valley, Tioga county, March, 14, 1839, a son 
 of Joseph E. Lyon. He remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age, 
 when he began for himself by working in the lumber woods of his native county. 
 On April 33, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Sixth Pennsylvania Eeserve, being the 
 first man to enlist in Mies Valley. He served in the battle of Drainsville, and was 
 then taken sick, and spent a long period in the hospital. He was discharged in the 
 autumn of 1863, and returned home to regain his health. The following summer 
 he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, and took part in the battles- of the Mines, Weldon Eailroad, and Petersburg. 
 He was discharged at Harrisburg, in September, 1865, and returned to his home in 
 Middlebury, where he continued to work on his farm until his father's death. He 
 purchased the interest of the other heirs, and thus became sole owner of the old 
 homestead. On September 13, 1873, Mr. Lyon married Almira Adamy, a daughter 
 of Sylvester E. and Eoxina (Brovra) Adamy, natives of New York. She was the 
 second in a family of eight children, and was bom January 16, 1854. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lyon have been bom two children, viz: John J. and Bertha E. The family 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, adherents of the Ee- 
 publican party. Mr. Lyon is a member of the G. A. E., and one of the well-known 
 citizens of his native township. 
 
 Andeew Holiday, a native of Ireland, immigrated to Pennsylvania prior to 
 the Eevolution, and finally settled at Stroudsburg, Monroe coimty, Pennsylvania. 
 He was a soldier in the Continental army, and did good service for his adopted coun- 
 try. He was twice married, and reared a family of nine children, two by the first 
 marriage, and seven by the second. About 1800 he came with his son, Daniel to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located at Lawrenceville. He subsequently re- 
 moved to Troupsburg, New York, but later returned to Tioga county and settled at 
 Elkland, where he died and was buried. 
 
 Daniel Holiday, Se., son of Andrew HoHday, was bom at Stroudsbiirg, Penn- 
 sylvania, and came to Tioga county with his father about 1800. With the exception 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 795 
 
 of a short time spent at Troupsburg, New York, he resided in this county up to his 
 death, dying at the home of his son, Daniel, at Holiday, Middlebury township, in 
 1855. He married Ehoda Searls, of WoodhuU, New York, who bore him eleven 
 children, viz: John, deceased; Daniel, a resident of Holiday; Margaret, Lavina, 
 Timothy and Amos, all of whom ai-e dead; Catherine, wife of Ambrose Ives, of 
 'IVoupsbiirg; Mary, wife of Daniel White, of Holiday; Samuel S., a resident of 
 Marsh Creek; Ehoda, and Thomas, both deceased. Mrs. Holiday died upon the 
 old homestead. 
 
 Daniel Holiday, oldest living child of Daniel Holiday, Sr., was bom in Elk- 
 land township, Tioga county, September 26, 1810. When twelve years old he began 
 working out as a farm hand, later learned the carpenter's trade, and came to Holiday, 
 Middlebury township, in 1833, where he conducted a hotel for fifteen years. He 
 was then elected a justice of the peace, which ofSce he filled continuously for forty 
 years, and also served as a notary public six years. He carried on a general store 
 five years, and conducted a farm during the whole time, finally retiring about 1876. 
 Mr. Holiday married Alvira Keeney, a daughter of Thomas Keeney, who bore him 
 the following children, viz: Byron B., a merchant of Blmira; Van Buren B., sta- 
 tion agent at Holiday; Delos, a farmer at Marsh Creek; Milford, deceased; Milton G., 
 who was killed in the Eebellion; Darius, a resident of Wellsboro; Helen, deceased 
 wife of Porter Blanchard, and Haletus P. His second wife was Euth A., a daughter 
 of I. P. Keeney, who became the mother of four children, viz: Viola, deceased; 
 Mary, wife of Samuel Putnam, of Covington; Addie, wife of Samuel Maxwell, of 
 Corning, and Claude M., also a resident of Corning. Politically, Mr. Holiday is a 
 Democrat, and has filled nearly all the towTiship offices at different periods. 
 
 Haletus P. Holiday, youngest child of Daniel and Elvira Holiday, was born 
 at Holiday, Tioga county, September 30, 1844. When a week old he was taken by 
 Lavina Cady, a sister of his father, and wife of Calvin Cady, with whom he lived for 
 many years. July 3, 1866, he married Ellen Eoot, born September 4, 1846, a 
 daughter of Isaiah and Sophronia Eoot. To this union there have been born two 
 children, viz: George M. and Nettie, wife of Ervin Lewis. He built a house on the 
 Cady farm and followed agriculture up to 1886, having bought forty-five acres of 
 his father's farm in 1880, and later 144 acres adjoining it. He next purchased the 
 hotel property at Holiday, and conducted the house for five years, during which 
 time he also engaged in selling farm implements. Since giving up the hotel business 
 he has devoted his attention to tobacco growing. In 1890 the Cady farm was willed 
 to him and his son, George. Mr. Holiday and wife are members of the P. of H., and 
 he is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 John- West, a native of Stoughton Harbor, Massachusetts, born December 2, 
 1778, was a son of John West, a native of England. He was reared in Vermont, 
 and subsequently located in Madison county. New York, whence he removed to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1829. He engaged quite extensively in the lumber 
 business, and a few years later purchased the farm of the late Nathan T. West, at 
 Middlebury Center, where he died May 3, 1853. He married Polly Holt, to whom 
 were born the following children: Thomas M., Cynthia, John, Polly, Joseph C. and 
 Nathan T., all of whom are dead; Philander, of Middleburv township, and Philetus, 
 
796 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 deceased, the two last mentioned being twins. Mrs. West survived lier husband four- 
 teen years, dying May 30, 1867, aged eighty-three. 
 
 Thomas M. West, oldest child of John and Polly West, was born in Madison 
 county, New York, November 7, ] 804. He grew to manhood in his native county, 
 and in 1833 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on a farm on Losey 
 creek, in Middlebury township. A short time after he bought and moved to the 
 farm now owned by his son Ira, where he followed farming ajid lumbering up to 
 his death, February 20, 1882. In 1826 he married Emily Balch, a native of Madison 
 county, New York, bom in 1809, who bore him twelve children, viz: Truzilla, de^ 
 ceased; Adaline, wife of Alexander Combs, of Wisconsin; Aaron and Eliza, both de- 
 ceased; Elizabeth, widow of Thomas B. Keeney; Daniel H., a soldier in the Union 
 army, who died at the age of twenty-eight years, while home on furlough; Thomas 
 H., deceased; Orrin, and Ira, farmers of Middlebury township; William E., a farmer 
 and lumberman of Wisconsin; Emily, wife of Gibson Niles, of Delmar township, 
 and Marian A., wife of C. A. Goodwin, of Middelbury. Mrs. West died on May 
 30, 1881, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Iea West was bom in Middlebury township, Tioga county, October 12, 1842, 
 the ninth child of Thomas M. and Emily West. He attended the common schools 
 of his neighborhood and worked at home until twenty-two years of age, and then 
 began working farms on shares, which business he continued up to 1880. In that 
 year he purchased the homestead farm, and cared for his parents during the re- 
 mainder of their lives. On March 6, 1865, Mr. West married Polly P., a daughter 
 of the late Nathan T. West, of Middlebury Center. She was born September 25, 
 1845, and is the mother of nine children, all of whom are living in Middlebury 
 township, viz: Ploretta, wife of J. M. Whitney; Ada B., wife of G. L. Niles; William 
 E., Alvira A., wife of Walter Ames; Dora M., Thomas H., Annetta P., Adrain C. and 
 Nathan T. Mrs. West is a member of the Free Will Baptist church, and both she 
 and her husband are connected with the P. of H. In politics, he is an independent 
 voter. 
 
 Nathan T. West was bom in Madison county. New York, in 1818, and was 
 about eleven years old when his parents, John and Polly West, came to Tioga 
 county. He remained on the home farm until nineteen years of age, when he pur- 
 chased the fajm now owned by his son, John E., then consisting of 103 acres of timber 
 land. He cleared and improved this property, and made it his home until his 
 father's death, when he purchased the interest of the other heirs in the old home- 
 stead and located upon it. He married Aurilla Niles, a daughter of Erastus Niles, 
 March 23, 1838. She was bom in Tioga township, March 19, 1821, and is the 
 mother of the following children: Adelbert, a farmer of Middlebury; John E., a 
 resident of the same township; Nathan B., a stonemason at Keeneyville; Polly P., 
 wife of Ira West, of Middlebury; Edward W., of Parmington; Alfred C, who lives 
 in Middlebury township; Hobart P., a resident of Wellsboro; Aurilla A., wife of 
 George Eeynolds, of Chatham, and Eichaxd A., who lives near Jamestown, New 
 York. Mrs. West is a member of the Free Will Baptist church. Mr. West died 
 October 6, 1896, aged seventy-nine years. In polities, he was a stanch Democrat, 
 held aJl the township offices at different periods, and was one of the most substantial 
 farmers in the county. 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 797 
 
 Adelbeet West, eldest child of Nathan T. West, was bom in Middlebury town- 
 ship, Tioga county, October 17, 1839. He attended the district schools in boyhood, 
 and worked on the home farm until 1863, when he purchased eighty-six acres of his 
 present farm and settled upon it. He followed farming five years, and then went to 
 Warren county, Pennsylvania, where he worked two years. Returning to his farm 
 in Middlebury, he has ever since devoted his attention to agriculture, with the ex- 
 ception of eighteen months spent in Warren county working for the Buffalo and 
 Warren Eailroad Company. He now owns 151 acres of well-improved land. Mr. 
 West was married in July, 1863, to Frances Cummings, a daughter of Dwight Cum- 
 mings, who bore him two children, viz: Adelbert D., a farmer of Middlebury, and 
 Kittie, wife of Frank Pease, of the same township. His second wife was Marian 
 L. Briggs, a daughter of William Briggs, of Warren county, Pennsylvania, whom he 
 married November 33, 1867. Four children have been bom to this union, viz: 
 Leon J., Loretta, Frederick W. and Eufus B. The family are members of the Free 
 Will Baptist church, and Mr. West and wife are connected with the Patrons of 
 Husbandry. In politics, he is an ardent Democrat. 
 
 John E. West, second son of Nathan T. West, was bom on his present farm 
 in Middlebury township, August 10, 1841. He attended the district schools in boy- 
 hood, and when twenty years of age began for himself by renting a portion of the 
 old homestead from his father, which he continued to doi for sixteen years. In 
 1870 he purchased thirty acres of land adjoining, to which he added a small tract 
 in 1875, and in 1876 bought from his father the seventy-eight acres he had been rent- 
 ing, also seventy-nine acres more, and in 1882 an additional forty acres. In 1888 
 he moved to Virginia, purchased a farm of 450 acres, and resided upon it three years. 
 Eetuming to Tioga county, he traded his "Virginia land for eighty-one acres adjoin- 
 ing his Middlebury farm, and now owns a well improved farm of 300 acres all in one 
 body. September 37, 1860, Mr. West married Martha Wormer, of Chatham town- 
 ship, who bore him one son, Nathan T., a farmer of Middlebury. Mrs. West died 
 May 14, 1865, aged twenty-four years. Mr. West was again married July 4, 1865, to 
 Olive I. Croft, a daughter of John M. Croft, of Chatham township. She was bom 
 October 26, 1847, and has had four children, viz: Minnie, wife of E. E. Goodwin, of 
 Deerfield; Nellie, who died at the age of four; John B., and Mildred E. Mr. and 
 Mrs. West are members of the Free Will Baptist church, and in politics, he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 William Spaulding was bom in Hebron, New York, September 38, 1788. 
 Soon after his birth the family moved to Vermont, where his father died when William 
 was about four years old and he then went to live with a Mr. Taylor. He obtained 
 a common school education, and subsequently purchased a small farm in Vermont, 
 where he lived up to 1836. In that .year he came to Tioga county and bought a 
 piece of timber land in Chatham township, erected his cabin in the midst of the 
 primitive forest, and resided there until his death, November 9, 1863. His wife, 
 Mary Briggs, whom he married in Vermont, was born in Dummerston, Vermont, 
 December 4, 1790, and became the mother of thirteen children, as follows: Pris- 
 eilla, who died at the age of seventy-six; Seth B., who died at the age of sixty-six; 
 William, who died aged seventy years; Mary, aad Luther, both of whom died at the 
 age of seventy-five; John, a resident of Chatham township; Samuel, who died in 
 
798 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 early youth; Sem P., a farmer of Middlebury; S. Seymour, who died aged sixty-eight; 
 Hannah, widow of J. B. Brown; Faimie, wife of Milo Goodwin, of Middlebury; Laura, 
 wife of David H. Curtis, of Chatham, and Simeon. Mrs. Spaulding died February 
 19, 1886, at the remarkable age of nearly ninety-six years. 
 
 Sem p. Spaulding was born in Londonderry, Vermont, January 5, 1825, 
 eighth child of William and Mary Spaulding. He was eleven years old when his 
 parents came to Tioga county, and he worked on the homestead in Chatham township, 
 assisting his father to clear and improve it, until he was seventeen years old. He 
 then began working out as a farm hand and in the lumber woods, which he followed 
 a few years. At the end of this period he purchased a portion of his present farm, 
 now embracing 250 acres, where he has since resided, devoting his attention to 
 farming and lumbering. He married Susan E. Beckwith, a daughter of Sylvester 
 Beckwith, an early settler in Tioga borough, and later in Middlebury township. She 
 was bom in Tioga, Tioga county. May 38, 1835. Five children were bom to this 
 union, viz: Mary D., wife of George Vanderhoof, of Middlebury; George B., who 
 married Sarah Brigdon, and lives on a part of the old homestead; Sem P., who mar- 
 ried Annie Mosier, and also lives on a part of the home farm; William H., a cigar 
 maker of Wellsboro, who married Cassie Gaylord, of Mansfield, and Effie M., at 
 home. Mrs. Spaulding is a member of the First Baptist church, at Hammond. _ In 
 politics, the family are Eepublicans. Mr. Spaulding has served as school director 
 and supervisor, and is a successful farmer and an enterprising citizen. He is the 
 only one of the family that cared for the gun and rod, and he has been quite a 
 famous sportsman. His home is adorned with many trophies of the chase, in which 
 he takes much pride. 
 
 William Stakkey was born in the state of N"ew York, in 1787, there grew to 
 manhood and learned the carpenter's trade. About 1835 he came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, worked at his trade here a few years, and then bought a farm in Mid- 
 dlebiiry township. He cleared a portion of it, and resided there until his death, 
 November 14, 1851, aged sixty-four years. He married Mary E. Benjamin, who 
 bore him six children, viz: Harriet, deceased wife of Luther Washburn; Clarissa, 
 wife of Allen Daggett, of Southport, New York; Philena C, wife of William Barnes, 
 of Middlebury township; Samuel B., deceased; Eliza, wife of Erstine Ives, of Mid- 
 dlebury, and John, who resides at Middlebury Center. Mrs. Starkey died January 
 13, 1866, in the seventy-fourth year of her age. 
 
 John Staekey was bom in Allegany county, New York, February 33, 1830, 
 the youngest son of William Starkey. When twenty-one years of age he began for 
 himself on a rented farm, but at the end of one year he returned to his father's farm 
 and finished clearing it up and paying off the debt still due upon it when his father 
 died. There he remained up to 1868, in which year he removed to a farm he had 
 previously purchased at Middlebury Center, where he also acted as superintendent 
 of the tiimpike from Tioga to Wellsboro for sixteen years. He built and conducted 
 a general store at Middlebury Center for about ten years, and during his whole busi- 
 ness career has been actively engaged in lumbering. In 1888 he purchased the hotel 
 at that point, and moved into it the following year. In 1891 the building was 
 burned, but he immediately rebuilt and continued the business. Besides his hotel 
 property, Mr. Starkey owns over 1,000 acres of land in Tioga county, and also a 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 799 
 
 property in Wellsboro, all of which he has accumulated by untiring industry and 
 careful management. He is to-day one of the largest property owners in Middle- 
 bury township, as well as one of its most successful business men. Mr. Starkey 
 was married January 18, 1859, to Caroline Palmer, a daughter of Lemuel M. and 
 Eunice E. (Storer) Palmer, of Rutland township. She was born in Tioga codnty, 
 March 37, 1839, the fourth in a family of seven children. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Starkey have been bom eight children, viz: Addie V., wife of Truman E. Carpenter, 
 of Charleston township; Jennie M., wife of Judson H. Stephens, of Middlebury; 
 Prank W., a merchant of Middlebury Center, who married Anna L. Dennison, of 
 Charleston township, and has two children, Maude and George W.; Angle H., de- 
 ceased; Emma S., wife of George N. Shaff, of Belmont, New York; Anna L., deceased; 
 Fred L., and Nellie E., wife of Byron E. Churchill, of Middlebury township. In poli- 
 ties, Mr. Starkey is a liberal Eepublican, and is recognized as one of the substantial 
 citizens of Tioga county. 
 
 Olivee Bhiggs, a native of New England, came from Tioga county. New 
 York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1834, and located in Middlebury township, 
 on the farm now owned by his son, A. B. A. Briggs. Here he followed farming to 
 the time of his death. He was twice married. His first wife, Lydia Hoag, bore 
 him three children, viz: Jacob, deceased; Elizabeth, widow of Perry Gage, of Jack- 
 son township, and Ebenezer H., a farmer of Middlebury. Mrs. Briggs died in 1830, 
 and he was again married, to Betsey E. Edwards. Eight children were bom to 
 this union, viz: Edward and Lydia A., both deceased; Ira, a farmer of Middlebury; 
 Clarissa, Walter, Louisa and Oliver, all deceased, and A. B. A., who lives on the 
 old homestead, where the parents died. 
 
 Iea Beiggs was bom in Spencer, Tioga county. New York, October 1, 1839, and 
 is the oldest living child of Oliver and Betsey E. Briggs. He was five years old 
 when his parents came to this county. Here he grew to maturity, attended the dis- 
 trict schools in boyhood, and assisted in the duties on the farm. When nineteen 
 years of age he went to work for his brother, Jacob, with whom he remained four 
 years, and then purchased a portion of his present farm from the Bingham estate. 
 Eight years later he purchased an adjoining tractfrom his brother, Jacob, making 
 a farm of 146 acres, on which he has resided up to the present, devoting his at- 
 tention to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Briggs was married in March, 1853, to 
 Margaret A. Morrell, second daughter of Stephen Morrell, of Jackson township, -^th 
 whom he lived about twelve yeai-s, and was then legally separated. On January 1, 
 1871, he married Ermina M. Conley, second daughter of Jacob Conley, to which 
 union were bom five children, viz: Bert J.,Ettie May, who married A. B. Pish, March 
 7, 1896; Eosa Nell, wife of Homer P. Cloos; Jennie Y. and Mattie B., all of whom 
 aj-e living. The family attend the Baptist church. Beginning in life without a 
 dollar, he has accumulated through the passing yeajs a good property, and has been 
 fairiy successful in his business affairs. He taught music from 1868 to 1871, and 
 the family possess considerable musical talent. In polities, Mr. Briggs is a Ee- 
 publican. 
 
 Samuel A. Cady, a native of Jasper, New York, born March 15, 1810, was 
 the fourth m a family of five children born to Abel Cady, viz: Michael Daniel 
 Manassa, Samuel A. and Esther. He received a common school education,' but was 
 
800 HISTORY OE TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 only four years old when his father died, and was compelled to make his own living 
 from early boyhood. When twenty-five years of age he bought the Cady farm in 
 Middlebury township, Tioga county, where he followed agriculture until his death, 
 March 22, 1881. He was postmaster of Chatham Valley for a number of years, 
 also at Holiday for two years, was an active Democrat, and one of the best business 
 men in his section. In religion, he was an Adventist. On March 3, 1832, Mr. 
 Cady married AdaHne Cole, a daughter of Sala Cole, who was bom in Vermont, 
 March 3, 1815. Four children were bom to this union, viz: Charlotte M., wife of 
 Dennis Andrews; Celestia M., wife of Edward A. Keeler; Wesley P., who enlisted in 
 Company G, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed 
 in the charge on Port Mahone, in front of Petersburg, April 2, 1865, in the twenty- 
 sixth year of his age, leaving a widow and two daughters, the former now the wife of 
 M. B. Brown, of Lawrence township; and Sala V. Mrs. Cady died on December 26, 
 1874. 
 
 Sala V. Cady, youngest child of Samuel A. Cady, was bom on his present 
 farm in Middlebury township, Tioga county, July 18, 1851, was reared on the home- 
 stead, and worked in the lumber woods during the winter seasons. He was married 
 November 8, 1882, to Jane N. Clark, a daughter of Albert Clark, of Chatham town- 
 ship, and has one child, Leo I^etto, born April 3, 1884. In politics, Mr. Cady is 
 a stanch Democrat, and is recognized as one of the progressive farmers of his 
 native township, where he owns a well-improved farm of 137 acres, a part of it 
 having belonged to the old Cady homestead. 
 
 Alexadee a. McLean was bom in Yates county, New York, November 3, 
 1814, and learned the blacksmith's trade at Dresden, where he served an apprentice- 
 ship of five years. In 1832, when but eighteen years of age, he came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and worked for three years as foreman of a blacksmith shop 
 in Tioga village. He then moved to Middlebury Center and carried on a shop for 
 some ten years, at the end of which time he went to Indiana and remained in that 
 state up to 1860. Eeturning to Tioga county, he established a shop at Hammond, 
 and continued blaeksmithing imtil 1880, when he retired from active business and 
 was succeeded by his son, John A. Mr. McLean married Mary J. Potter, a daughter 
 of Henry H. Potter. She was bom October 25, 1820, and became the mother of 
 thirteen children, viz: William and Marietta, both of whom died in early youth; 
 Edwin, a resident of Indiana, who served tliree years and nine months in the Ke- 
 bellion; Sarah, deceased wife of James Marcus; Henry H., who died at Chattanooga, 
 Tennessee, while a soldier in the Kebellion; Delia, wife of M. S. Potter, of Syracuse; 
 Lewis G., a resident of Indiana; Alanson C, who lives in South Dakota; John A., 
 a blacksmith at Hammond; Lizzie, wife of G. W. Groom, of South Williamsport; 
 Emma, wife of Charles M. Jennings, of Charleston township; Ida L, deceased wife of 
 C. L. Ferry, and Carrie, who died at the age of three years. Mrs. McLean died 
 April 17, 1880. Her husband resides with his son, John A., at Hammond. 
 
 John A. McLean, son of Alexander A. McLean, was born at Bob Roy, Fountain 
 county, Indiana, January 15, 1853, and was seven years old when his father 
 located at Hammond. When thirteen years of age he went into his father's shop to 
 leam the blacksmith's trade, which he has followed continuously ever since at 
 Hammond, but has also been engaged in farming on a small scale on land owned by 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 801 
 
 his wife. Mr. McLean was married October 6, 1881, to Ada B. Stevens, a daughter 
 of Daniel G. Stevens, of Middlebury, to which union have been born four children, 
 . viz: Henry H., Eveline J., Clara E. and Ida E. The family attend the First Bap- 
 tist church, and in politics, support the Eepublican party. 
 
 Chakles N. Wilcox was bom March 29, 1815, and came to Tioga county in 
 early manhood, locating in Middlebury township. He married Euby Keeney, a 
 daughter of Jesse Keeney, of that township, July 31, 1839. She was bom May 18, 
 1833, and became the mother of five children, viz: Edward A., bom April 19, 1840, 
 who died in infancy; George E., born November 13, 1841, and died November 6, 
 1847; Jesse K., bom November 12, 1843, and died in Andersonville prison, in 
 October, 1864, while a Union prisoner; Catherine E., born April 13, 1846, and died 
 December 34, following, and Eansom E.j bom March 24, 1848, a farmer of Middle- 
 bury township. Mr. Wilcox was a stanch Democrat. He died July 11, 1854, at 
 Waterville, Wisconsin, while on his way to visit a brother in the west. His widow 
 survived him six years, dying December 4, 1860. 
 
 Eansom Eugene Wilcox, only living child of Charles N. Wilcox, was bom at 
 Keeneyville, Tioga county, March 24, 1848. He received a common school educa- 
 tion up to the age of twelve years, when the death of his mother compelled him to 
 go out into the world to make his own living. He worked as a farm hand until he was 
 twenty-three years old, when he went to learn the carpenter's trade. He purchased 
 a home in Keeneyville, followed his trade there until 1877, and then bought his 
 present farm of eighty acres northeast of that village. He still continued to work 
 at his trade for some ten yeaxs, but has since devoted his whole attention to agri- 
 culture. Mr. Wilcox was married March 34, 1869, to Mary L. Dickinson, a daughter 
 of Nathaniel Dickinson, of Middlebury township, where she was bom August 13, 
 1844. Five children have been the fruits of this union, viz : Jesse N., bom February 
 10, 1870, and died September 5, 1889; Eaymond C, bom January 19, 1873, and 
 died March 6, following; Agnes M., bom January 5, 1875, wife of Waorren Colgrove, 
 of Savona, New York; Charles E., bom June 38, 1878, and Euby L., bom August 
 33, 1880, and died October 14, of the same year. Mr. Wilcox is a Prohibitionist, and 
 is also a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 Nathaniel Dickinson, a native of New York state, was born September 18, 
 1818, a son of Arnold and Mary (Sutton) Dickinson. His father was a son of 
 Nathaniel Dickinson, who came with his brothers, Francis and Amold, from England 
 to America about 1770. Nathaniel, Sr., and one of his brothers were soldiers in the 
 Eevolution. The subject of this sketch was reared in New York and came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in 1839. He purchased a farm four miles north of Holiday, 
 in Middleburj' township, but was obliged to cut a road through the forest from 
 Holiday to his farm before he could reach the latter. He cleared and improved this 
 property, and resided upon it up to his death, July 7, 1869. He married Eliza L. 
 Smith, a daughter of David Smith. She was bom in Hartford, Connecticut, Jan- 
 uary 3, 1819, and is the mother of five children, viz: Mary L., wife of E. E. Wilcox; 
 George W., a farmer of Middlebury; Fidelia I., wife of Albert E. Hackett, of Smeth- 
 port, McKean county; John J., of Middlebury, and a daughter that died in infancy. 
 Nathaniel Dickinson was a well educated and public-spirited citizen, and quite ac- 
 
 51 
 
802 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tive in public affairs. Politically, a Eepublican, he filled nearly all of the town- 
 ship offices at different periods. His widow resides with her son, John J. 
 
 Geoege W. Dickinson, eldest son of Xathaniel Dickinson, was born in Mid- 
 dlebury township, Tioga county, November 15, 1845. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools and the academies of the county, and also attended Bryant and Strat- 
 ton's Commercial College, Binghamton, New York. When nineteen yeai-s of age 
 he commenced teaching, and taught at Losey Creek, Keeneyville, Shortsville, Koe 
 and Treat's. He remained on the home farm until twenty-three years old, and then 
 became book-keeper for a lumber firm in Shippen township. Soon after he pur- 
 chased his present farm of fifty acres, which was then covered by the primitive 
 forest, and has since resided upon it. In 1887 he bought seventy-two acres more, 
 a short distance northeast of the original homestead, and has devoted his attention 
 principally to farming. Mr. Dickinson was married November 15, 1868, to Myra 
 J. Keeney, a daughter of Eichard M. Keeney, of Middlebury township. They are 
 the parents of two children, viz: Anna M., born March 19, 1871, and died June 21, 
 1880, and Burton N., bom June 24, 1881. The family are members of the Free 
 Baptist church, in which Mr. Dickinson has been choir leader for many years. In 
 politics, a Eepublican, he has held all the township offices except constable and 
 justice of the peace, and has been clerk for many years. Mr. Dickinson is president 
 of the Tioga County Grange Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and a member of the 
 executive committee of the State Grange. Both he and wife are members of the P. 
 of H., and he has always taken a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of that 
 society, to which he has devoted a great deal of valuable time. 
 
 John Shaff, a native of Saratoga Springs, New York, bom in 1776, was a 
 son of William Shaff, who came from Germany to America and fought in the Eevo- 
 lution. John was reared in New York state, and married Annis McCarty, who bore 
 him a family of eleven children, viz: Nancy, widow of Darius Dickinson; Stephen 
 C, a resident of Middlebury; Betsey, William, Margaret, Jane and Angeline, all 
 of whom are dead; Eosanna, widow of Moses French; Lucinda, deceased; Welling- 
 ton, a farmer in Lawrence township, and John H., a resident of Potter county. 
 Mr. Shaff and family came to Tioga county in 1839, and located on a farm in Mid- 
 dlebury township. Here his wife died in 1857, and himself in 1871. 
 
 Stephen C. Shaff, oldest son of John Shaff, was born in Schoharie county. 
 New York, April 4, 1809, and came to Tioga county, Pennsjdvania, in January, 1836. 
 He purchased eighty acres of timber land in Middlebury township, and set to work 
 clearing and improving it, making agriculture and lumbering his life vocation. He 
 married Cynthia West, a daughter of John West. She was bom February 19, 1806, 
 and became the mother of nine children, viz: Mary A., wife of A. E. Eowley, of 
 Middlebury township; Henry J. and Porter D., both residents of Middlebury; Lois, 
 wife of John E. Eoe, of the same township; Asa, James A. and Hulda, all of whom 
 are dead; Matilda, wife of Jacob Schaffner, of Lindley, New York, and Alonzo D., 
 of Middlebury. Mrs. Shaff died September 24, 1875. In July, 1862, Mr. Shaff en- 
 listed in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 served until February, 1863, when he was discharged on account of sickness.' In 
 politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Heney J. Shaff, eldest son of Stephen C. Shaff, was born in Madison county, 
 New York, September 10, 1834, and was less than two years old when his parents 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHBS. 803 
 
 came to Tioga county. He was reared on the homestead in Middlebury township, 
 and in the spring of 1854 went to Wisconsin, and worlced in the lumber woods of 
 that State a few years. In 1858 he and his brother, Porter D., purchased the old 
 homestead of 205 acres, on which they both now reside. Here he followed farming 
 up to 1866, when he and Newbury Cloos, Jr., built a saw-mill on Losey Creek. He 
 followed that business up to December, 1894, quite successfully. Mr. ShafE 
 has been identified with many of the leading industries of the county, and every 
 dollar he now possesses was earned by hard work and rigid economy. He was mar- 
 ried September 6, 1861, to Amarilla Cloos, eldest child of Newbury Cloos, Jr. She 
 was born in Deerfield township, April 1, 1844, and is the mother of three children, 
 viz: George, deceased; George N., a resident of Belmont, New York, and Sophia B., 
 wife of Matthew Haskell, of Middlebury township. In politics, Mr. ShafE is a 
 Democrat, and has served as a school director three years. He is a member of the K. 
 of H., and one of the enterprising farmers of the community. 
 
 PoBTEE D. Shaff, second son of Stephen C. Shaff, and grandson of John ShafE, 
 was born in Madison county. New York, October 13, 1835, three months prior to the 
 coming of his parents to Tioga county. He was reared in Middlebury township, 
 and attended the common schools of his district in boyhood. With the exception 
 of a few months in 1865, when employed by the United States government, and 
 about one year spent in Illinois and Wisconsin, he has always been engaged in farm- 
 ing and lumbering in this county. His homestead farm contains 307 acres, and he 
 also owns 1,193 acres of timber land in Lunanburg county, Virginia. On September 
 7, 1861, he married Mary J. Dickinson, a daughter of Darius Dickinson. She was 
 born DeeembesT 30, 1835, and has five children, named as follows: Stephen C, a 
 resident of South Dakota; James E., of Middlebury; Ida A., wife of Burt Sherburn, 
 a resident of the same township; Clarence B., and Nettie J., wife of Orrin Doan, 
 both residents of Middlebury. In politics, Mr. Shaff is a stanch Eepubliean, and has 
 been a school director for the past twenty-five years, and assistant assessor three 
 terms. Mr. Shaff and sons, James and Clarence, are members of the I. 0. 0. P., 
 and themselves and wives are connected with the Patrons of Husbandry. He is 
 one of the progressive, enterprising farmers of the county. 
 
 Alonzo D. Shaff, youngest son of Stephen C. Shaff, was bom in Middlebury 
 township, Tioga county, April 9, 1851, obtained a common school education, and 
 worked for his brother. Porter D., until his majority. He then began working out 
 as a farm hand, and at the end of six years purchased the farm on which he now re- 
 sides. Bight years later he sold a part of it to' his father, and again went to work 
 as a laborer, lumberman, and farmer, on rented farms, returning to his old property 
 in 1894, which is owned by his father. Mr. Shaff was married January 15, 1876, to 
 Louise Eggleston, a daughter of B. H. Eggleston, of Middlebury township. She 
 was bom April 23, 1856, and is the mother of nine children, as follows: Cynthia, 
 Edwin, Mary, Iva, Grant, Grace, Burr, who died in infancy; Ethel, and Harold. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Shaff are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, 
 he is an independent voter. 
 
 Gilbert B. Owlett, Sk., was born in Kent county, England, April 11, 1799. 
 His father, Thomas Owlett, was a farmer, and the son adopted the same vocation. 
 In 1822 he married Miss Martha Pope, and in 1831 came with his family to the 
 
804 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 United States, locating in Saratoga county, N'ew York. Later he removed to 
 Otsego county. New York, and in 1840 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and 
 purchased a farm of 140 acres on the line of Chatham and Middlebury townships. 
 Here he resided until his death, August 22, 1877. His farm then passed into the 
 possession of his son Benjamin, and is still owned by him. Mr. Owlett was thrice 
 married. His first wife died in 1851, leaving eleven children, as follows: Thomas 
 M., a deceased farmer of Chatham township; Martha, wife of Edwin Temple, of 
 Corning, New York; Gilbert B., a retired farmer, Keeneyville; Jane, widow of 
 Charles Close; Mary Ann, wife of Albert Foote; Mrs. Eebecca Poote, of Elkland; 
 Susan, wife of James Hamilton, of Jackson township; John, a deceased farmer 
 of Chatham; Sally A., wife of Charles H. Van Dusen: Benjamin, a retired farmer, 
 Keeneyville, and Joseph, a farmer of Chatham township. His second wife, Mrs. 
 Phila Lee, was a daughter of Jidius Seely. She died in 1860, leaving two chil- 
 dren: Henry J., of Horseheads, New York, and Edward Howland, an attorney 
 of Wellsboro. His third wife, Mrs. Adelia Van Osten, nee Eord, survived him a 
 few years. Mr. Owlett was a representative pioneer farmer. Rugged physical 
 powers, practical wisdom and strict integrity were his distinguishing characteristics. 
 "When he came to Tioga county he took possession of an uncleared tract of land in 
 an almost unbroken wilderness. At the time of his death five of his sons were set- 
 tled on adjoining farms, the family possessions embracing over 1,000 acres of land. 
 
 GiLBEET B. Owlett, retired farmer, KeeneyvUle, was born in Kent county, 
 Englaad, June 26, 182G, and was five years old when the family came from England 
 to the United States, and fourteen when they settled in Middlebury township, 
 Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, and at the age of twenty-two years pur- 
 chased a farm of eighty-two acres of heavily timbered land in Middlebury town- 
 ship. This has since been cleared, added to and improved, until his present farm 
 embraces 225 acres, and is one of the best in this part of the county. In 1890 Mr. 
 Owlett rented his farm and moved to Keeneyville, where he purchased a hotel prop- 
 erty, which he has since remodeled and fitted up as a residence. Mr. Owlett has 
 been twice married. In 1848 he married Sarah Temple, a daughter of Maj. Russell 
 Temple, of Chatham township, who bore him three children, viz: Jane, wife of 
 Lawrence Martin, of Parmington; James H., a farmer of Chatham, and Madella, 
 wife of Charles 0. Churchill, of Chatham township. Mrs. Owlett died June 9, 
 1888. On March 14, 1895, Mr. Owlett married Julia Roushy, a daughter of Jacob 
 Eoushy, of Chemung county. New York. In polities, a Republican, he is one of 
 the prominent and substantial citizens of Middlebury. 
 
 Calvin Hammond, a son of Ebenezer and Sally Hammond, was bom in War- 
 ren county. New York, November 1, 1820. He attended the common schools of his 
 native county, and on attaining his majority came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and found employment in a saw-mill at Hammond. A short time later he bought 
 the plant and carried on quite an extensive lumber business, subsequently purchas- 
 ing the farm which his two sons now own. Mr. Hammond was an energetic business 
 man, upright and honest in all his dealings, and had many friends in the commimity. 
 He was married in Warren county. New York, to Louisa Wells, who bore him five 
 children, viz: Janette, wife of Andrew Briggs, of Wellsboro; Alice M., widow of 
 Henry Hymes; Emmer, wife of Prank Steele, of Bradford county; Prank, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. gQS 
 
 George, the latter deceased. Mrs. Hammond died August 39, 1860, and her husband 
 ■was again married, to Emma A. Stone. Three children were born to this union, 
 viz: Arthur G., of Middlebury; Jennie and Ida. Mr. Hammond died May 5, 1876, 
 and his widow, December 31, 1891. 
 
 Feank Hammond, superintendent for J. B. Weed & Company, at Slate Eun, 
 Lycoming county, was bom in Middlebury township, Tioga county, and is the only 
 son living of Calvin and Louisa (Wells) Hammond. He obtained a good education 
 in the public schools of Tioga and Wellsboro, and at Mansfield Business College. 
 He worked on the home farm until twenty years of age, and then followed lumbering 
 in Middlebury township for two years. He next cultivated a farm for three years, 
 and conducted a store at Hammond for two years. At the end of this period he was 
 appointed foreman with J. B. Weed & Company, lumber operators, and was soon 
 after made shipping clerk. He worked for that firm three years, and then entered 
 the employ of C. B. Parr & Company, lumber dealers, and later engaged with the 
 Union Tanning Company. After a year spent with the latter, he returned to J. B. 
 Weed & Company, with whom he has since filled the position of superintendent at 
 Slate Eun. He owns and lives on a part of the old homestead, and also owns an 
 additional tract of seventy-eight acres in Middlebury township. Mr. Hammond 
 was married August 20, 1876, to Amy Thurston, a daughter of A. K. Thurston, of 
 Middlebury, and has two children, Keith C. and Callie M. The family belong to 
 the First Baptist church, at Hammond. In politics, Mr. Hammond is a Eepubhean, 
 and has filled the office of school director one term. He is a member of the I. 0. 
 0. F., the F. & A. M., and the K. 0. T. M. societies, and is recognized as one of the 
 enterprising citizens of the community. 
 
 Aethue G. Hammond, only son of Calvin and Emma (Stone) Hammond, was 
 bom on his present farm, in Middlebury township, October 20, 1867, and obtained 
 a good education in the district schools and Tioga graded schools. He is living on 
 the old homestead, a well-improved farm of 160 acres near Hammond, and has 
 devoted his attention to agriculture. On February 33, 1888, he married Martha 
 Simonds, a daughter of Oscar Simonds, of Middlebury township, and has one daugh- 
 ter. Hazel. The family are members of the First Baptist church, at Hammond. 
 In politics, Mr. Hammond is a Eepublican, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 He is one of the substantial young farmers of Middlebury. 
 
 Henet H. Pottee, a son of Benjamin Potter, was born in Ehode Island, Sep- 
 tember 15, 1791, and removed with his parents to Onondaga county, !N"ew York, in 
 1804. He was a soldier in the War of 1813, serving under General Scott, and partici- 
 pated in the battle of Lund/s Lane and other engagements on the Canadian fron- 
 tier. He was thrice married. His first wife was a Miss Ketehum, who bore him one 
 son, Alanson E., now a resident of Spring Lake, Minnesota. His second wife was 
 Abigail Maxwell, to which union were born three children, viz: Howard H., who 
 died in Wisconsin in 1878; Jane, deceased wife of A. A. McLean, and Delia A., 
 widow of A. C. Cole. About 1824 Mr. Potter removed to Spring Mills, Allegany 
 county, 'New York, and built the first mill at that place, thus giving the hamlet its 
 name. In 1827 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and kept the tavern at 
 Lawrenceville, afterwards known as Slosson's Hotel. Here his second wife died, 
 December 17, 1828. On March 13, 1829, he married Malinda G. Stevens, a daughter 
 
806 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of Martin Stevens, an early settler of Middlebury township. To this union were born 
 eight children, viz: Harriet, deceased wife of the late W. H. Currier, of New 
 Hampshire; Jerome B., and Angle, wife of H. E. Potter, both residents of Wells- 
 boro; Benjamin B., who lives in St. Clair, Michigan; JuUa A., wife of L. A. Potter, 
 and George W., both residents of Middlebury; Albert W., of Mansfield, and Alice, 
 wife of Poleman Brown, of Middlebury. In 1830 Mr. Potter removed to Tioga and 
 for several years kept the old Willard Hotel. During the building of the Corning 
 and Blossburg railroad in 1839-40, he took contracts for two sections of the road bed, 
 on which he lost over $4,000 by the failure of the party with whom he made the 
 contract. Mr. Potter, however, paid his employes to the last cent. For several 
 years afterwards he was seriously embarrassed, but eventually succeeded in recovering 
 from his financial troubles. In 1843 he located at Middlebury Center, where he 
 kept hotel for many years, the place becoming widely known as "Potters." He 
 was elected county commissioner in 1843, and sheriff of the county in 1846. For 
 thirty years he was postmaster at Middlebury Center, the office originally being 
 named "Potter" in his honor. He died March 34, 1879, in the eighty-eighth year 
 of his age, and his wife, January 8, 1886, in her seventy-ninth year. 
 
 Jeeome B. Pottee was bom in Tioga, Pennsylvania, January 6, 1833, and is 
 the eldest son of Henry H. and Malinda G. Potter. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Alfred Seminary, in Allegany county, Few York. About 1855 he 
 embarked in the mercantile and lumber business at Middlebury Center, continuing 
 four years. In the spring of 1861 he was appointed to a clerkship in the United 
 States treasury department, Washington, D. C, which position he resigned four 
 years later on account of ill health. Eeturning to his home, he was elected sheriff 
 of Tioga county in 1867 and served one term. He next engaged in the real estate 
 and lumber business which he followed up to 1880. In 1876 he was appointed one of 
 the inspectors of internal revenue during the Centennial Exposition at Philadel- 
 phia. In 1878 he was elected sergeant-at-arms of the House of Eepresentatives at 
 Harrisburg and served through two sessions. In 1881 he became private secretary 
 to Hon. John I. Mitchell, United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He was also 
 appointed clerk of the Senate committee on pensions, serving in that capacity nine 
 years. In December, 1895, he was appointed one of the assistant door-keepers of the 
 House of Representatives at Washington, a position he still holds. Mr. Potter rsr 
 tains his residence in Wellsboro and owns the old homestead in Middlebury town- 
 ship. He was married December 3, 1858, to Amy E. Eockwell, a daughter of ISTor- 
 man and Sophia Eockwell, of Cherry Flats, to which union have been born nine 
 children, as follows: Cora L., wife of T. C. Sullivan, of Wellsboro; May M., de- 
 ceased; Burton M., an attorney of Wellsboro; Edwin S., editor of the Pathfinder, 
 Washington, D. C; Margaret S., a physician of the same city; Maud A., wife of C. 
 H. Seaton, of Washington; Frances W., a teacher in the Washington public schools; 
 Helen H. and Shirley B. Mr. Potter has been a life-long Eepublican and a stanch 
 adherent of the principles and measures of that party. He was a delegate from this 
 congressional district to the National Eepublican Convention in 1856, and also to 
 the National Eepublican Convention of 1872. 
 
 EiCHAED Beown is One of the oldest and best known farmers in Middlebury 
 township. He is a native of Woodstock, Connecticut, bom August 6, 1815, a son of 
 James and Elizabeth (Carpenter) Brown, natives of Connecticut and Ehode Island, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 807 
 
 respectively, and of English ancestry. Eichard was the fourth in a family of six 
 children, as follows: William, Maria, Almira, Eichard, Amy and James B. The 
 father was drowned in Ehode Island about 1845, and the mother died in Middlebury 
 township, at the home of her son Eichard, aged seventy-nine years. The subject of 
 this sketch is the only survivor of the family. When ten years old he went to work 
 in a cotton factory in his native town, where he was employed eight years, at the 
 end of which period the family moved to Ehode Island, and from there to Otsego 
 county. New York, and subsequenty to Michigan. In 1849 Eichard came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and rented a farm at Wellsboro, where he resided ten years. 
 In March, 1859, he purchased his present homestead in Middlebury township, upon 
 which he has lived for the past thirty-eight yeajs. On August 5, 1847, Mr. Brown 
 married Annette Wilcox, a daughter of Archibald Wilcox. She was bom September 
 16, 1822, and is the mother of two children, viz: James H., born November 20, 
 1852, who resides with his parents, but owns a farm adjoining the old homestead 
 which he also cultivates; and Mary L., bom May 11, 1854, wife of Albert Eedfield, 
 of Virginia. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Baptist church. In politics, the family 
 are stanch Eepublicans. 
 
 James B. Beown was bom in Woodstock, Connecticut, December 18, 1820, a 
 son of James and Elizabeth (Carpenter) Brown, and a younger brother of Eichard 
 Brown. When a mere lad he went to work in a calico-printing mill, where he was 
 employed up to 1839. He then emlisted in the United States navy, and soon after was 
 chosen as one of 300 picked men to make the famous voyage around the world on 
 board the United States man-of-war Boston. (This vessel was lost with all on board, 
 off Key West, on the next voyage). On his return from this voyage, which lasted 
 three and a half years, he went to Chenango county. New York, where he worked 
 on a farm for a period. In 1845 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and found 
 employment ia the lumber woods, and later worked a year on a farm in Middlebury. 
 In 1847 he bought eighty-eight acres of timber land north of Holiday, and some 
 years later purchased 112 acres more, on which he passed the remainder of his life, 
 engaged in agriculture pursuits. His wife, Hannah, was a daughter of William 
 Spaulding, of Chatham Valley. She was bom in Windham county, Vermont, March 
 5, 1829, and reared one son, Poleman E. Mr. Brown died December 16, 1894. His 
 widow resides on the old homestead. By his own energy and industry, he created 
 one of the finest farms in Middlebury township. An upright. Christian man, he was 
 for years a deacon in the First Baptist church at Holiday, and a very liberal con- 
 tributor towards that society. He was an active member of the Eepublican party, 
 and filled the offices of supervisor, school director and collector at different periods. 
 
 PoLEMAsr E. Brown, only child of James B. Brown, was born on his present 
 homestead in Middlebury township, Tioga county, March 20, 1849, and has spent 
 his entire life on the home farm. He was married September 24, 1872, to Alice 
 Potter, youngest child of Henry H. Potter. She was born at Middlebury Center, 
 September 23, 1850, and is the mother of six children, viz: Eoy, who died at the age 
 of five years, Shirley A., James C, Earl H., Eoss E. and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Brown are members of the First Baptist church, and also of the P. of H. He belongs 
 to the I. 0. 0. F., and in politics, is an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Aevine Claeke was bom near Bennington, Vermont, July 7, 1791, and re- 
 
808 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 moved with his parents to Chenango coimty, New York, in 1805. His father was in 
 the battle of Bunker Hill, and served with Ethan Alien and Benedict Arnold at the 
 capture of Fort Ticonderoga. Early in life he became interested in the lumber busi- 
 ness, and in 1840 lumbered extensively on the Chemung river and its branches, 
 extending his operations to the lands and mills on Crooked creek, near Tioga, known 
 as the "Bill Willard" property, during which period he lived in Elmira. About 1848 
 he came to Tioga, becoming interested in several tracts of timber land, and built 
 the first steam saw-mill in the county, on Crooked creek, near Hammond. He died 
 in 1858 at the home of his son-in-law, H. M. Johnson, then president of Dickinson 
 College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Mr. Clarke married Eliza Higgins Clarke, of 
 Chenango county. New York. She was born April 23, l'i'89, and died August 26, 
 1877, and is buried beside her husband at Milford, New York. They were the 
 parents of ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Clarissa Ann, 
 widow of Timothy Eose; Lucena Eliza, who married H. M. Johnson, D. D., LL. D., 
 and died March 4, 1890; Mary Euth, who married Dr. Isaac Sullivan, of Mississippi, 
 and died January 29, 1860; Sarah Mariah, widow of Hon. John Eddy; David 
 Arvine, who died in Middlebury township; Hairiet Calista, wife of L. D. McCabe, 
 D. D., LL. D., vice-president of the Ohio Wesleyan University; William Edgar, a 
 minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Marvin Emory, a resident of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 David Aevine Clahke was born at Sidney Plains, New York, March 7, 1833, 
 and received a college preparatory education at Elmira, and Cazenovia Seminary. 
 After coming to Tioga county, he embarked in the lumber business with his father, 
 and also engaged in merchandising for a short time. In 1850 he bought the farm 
 in Middlebury township on which his son, John E., now resides, and devoted a part 
 of his time to agriculture. He was one of the well-known citizens of the com- 
 munity, and at his death, April 39, 1894, left a large circle of friends. He married 
 Martha J. Lockwood, of Horseheads, New York, to whom were bom five children, 
 viz: John E., of Middlebury; Sarah P., a school teacher in Scranton; Milbum A., 
 deceased; Mary E., a trained nurse residing in Philadelphia, and Anna C, a phy- 
 sician of Scranton, with whom Mrs. Clarke resides. 
 
 John E. Clabke, eldest child of David A. and Martha J. Clarke, and grandson 
 of Arvine Clarke, was bom in Middlebury township, Tioga county, November 9, 
 1853. He attended the common schools of his district, and subsequently the normal 
 school at Cortland, New York, and has since devoted his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits in Middlebury township. On April 4, 1882, he married Sarah J., a daughter 
 of D. N. Lawrence, of Bradford county, where she was bom July 2, 1854. They 
 have three children: Arvine N., Daniel M. and Martha J. Mrs. Clarke is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically, Mr. Clarke is a Eepublican, and is 
 also a member of the Grange. 
 
 William Gee, a native of New York state, came to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, about 1824, and purchased a farm in Parmington township. Here both 
 he and wife spent the balance of their lives. He died in 1838, and his wife in 
 1843. They were the parents of eight children, named as follows: Joshua, Thomas, 
 Joseph, Daniel, John, Jane, Pattie and Sally, all of whom are dead. 
 
 Joseph Gee, second son of William Gee, was born in Orange county. New York, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 809 
 
 in 1808, and was sixteen years of age when he and an elder brother came to Tioga 
 county ahead of their parents and made the iirst clearings upon the old homestead 
 in Farmington township, which he afterwards purchased. He was educated in 
 the district schools, and after attaining his majority devoted his attention to farm- 
 ing, and was also engaged in lumbering on the Cowanesque river. He married 
 Lavina Culver, who bore him eleven children, viz: Mary, wife of C. W. Barlow, 
 of Wisconsin; Ephraim, Charles F. and Sallie, all deceased; Hannah, wife of Thomas 
 Roe, of Middlebury; Joseph, deceased; Amasa, a resident of Delmar; Sabra, wife 
 of Ali Briggs, of Middlebury, now deceased; Leander, of Middlebury; Walter, de^ 
 ceased, and Clark, a farmer of Middlebury township. Mr. Gee was burned to death 
 in 1868, while attempting to rescue valuables from his burning house in Middlebury. 
 His widow resides with her son, Leander, in that township. 
 
 Leandeb Gee was born in Farmington township, Tioga county, December 12, 
 1847, a son of Joseph Gee, and grandson of William Gee. He obtained a common 
 school education, and has made farming his life vocation, now owning the home- 
 stead in Middlebury, which embraces 160 acres of well-improved land, located a short 
 distance northeast of Keeneyville. He has devoted some attention to buying and 
 selling live stock and wagons. April 34, 1873, Mr. Gee married Delia Leonard, 
 a daughter of Justus and Nancy (Young) Leonard, of Farmington township. She 
 was born May 26, 1855, and is the mother of two children, Leander L. and Ephraim 
 S. They have also an adopted son, Frank Hoyt, whom they took when less than 
 three years old, and legally adopted in July, 1895. Mrs. Gee and children are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, the family are Eepubli- 
 cans, and are also connected with the Patrons of Husbandry. Mr. Gee has served 
 one term as school director, and is one of the prominent and successful farmers of 
 Middlebury. 
 
 Kewbuet Cloos, youngest son of Newbury Cloos, St., was born in Deerfield 
 township, Tioga county, in 1837. He received a good common school education, 
 and taught during his early manhood. He subsequently purchased a farm in Mid- 
 dlebury township, and for many years was one of the prominent and successful 
 farmers of that locality. He married Cynthia Church, to which union were born 
 eight children, viz: Amarilla, wife of Henry J. ShaflE, of Middlebury township; 
 Ehoda, wife of Hiram Kilbourne, of Wellsboro; Esther and Sophia, both deceased; 
 Jane, widow of C. K. Palmer, of Middlebury; D. Wilmot and Julia, both deceased, 
 and Luther N., a well-known physician of Keeneyville. Mr. Cloos died on his farm 
 in Middlebury, February 23, 1875. 
 
 Lutheb Newbttby Cloos, physician and surgeon, Keeneyville, wa^ bom in 
 Middlebury township, Tioga county. May 5, 1860, and is the youngest child of 
 Newbury and Cynthia Cloos, and grandson of Newbury Cloos, Sr. He received his 
 primary education in the district schools of his native township, and later attended 
 the State Normal School, at Mansfield, where he completed his studies. He read 
 medicine under Dr. Augustus Niles, and graduated at the Baltimore Medical Collegft 
 in the spring of 1893. He soon afterwards purchased the residence and practice 
 of his preceptor, and enjoys a large and lucrative business. Dr. Cloos makes a 
 specialty of the diseases of women and of the eye and ear, in which he has been 
 highly successful. On May 1, 1884, he married Cora L. Hazlett, a daughter of 
 
810 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Amariah Hazlett, of Middlebury Center, and has one son, David Wilmot. Mrs. 
 Cloos is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics. Dr. Cloos is a 
 Democrat, and is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F., the K. 0. T. M., and the L. 0. T. 
 M., for all of which he is the local medical examiner. 
 
 Isaac Beyant, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Tioga county ia 1850. His 
 father, David Bryant, was one of the early settlers of the county. Isaac purchased 
 the property in Middlebury township where his widow and son, James H., now reside, 
 and followed farming up to September, 1863. He then enlisted in Company K, 
 One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, the famous Bucktail regi- 
 ment. He was a brave and gallant soldier, was taken prisoner at the battle of the 
 Wilderness, and died in Andersonville prison. His wife, Mary A., was a daughter 
 of Henry Eogers, of Seneca county, New York. She was born October 7, 1819, 
 and became the mother of six children, viz: Alonzo H., a farmer in Middlebury, 
 who served in the Civil War; Melissa A., deceased; Albert T., also a soldier in the 
 Rebellion, who died in Salisbury prison. South Carolina; Henry E., who served in 
 the Union army, and has since died; Lizette J., who died in infancy, and James 
 H., who cultivates the old homestead. Mrs. Bryant is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and one of the intelligent, helpful women of her neighborhood. 
 She is very active in good works, and is well preserved for a person of her advanced 
 years. Her husband and three of her sons went out in defense of the flag, and two 
 of the four laid down their lives that this free government might live. 
 
 Geoegb Westbeook, a native of Chemung county, Wew York, born in 1808, 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and settled on a farm near Tioga. 
 Three years later he purchased a large farm in Middlebury township, a portion of 
 which is now owned by the widow of Horace P. Westbrook. In 1867 he traded for 
 a farm on Crooked creek, a half mile below Holiday, and later moved to Middle- 
 bury Center, thence to Wellsboro, and finally to Chatham township, where he died. 
 He married Lovisa B. Taylor, bom in Windsor county, Vermont, in 1808, who bore 
 him a family of fifteen children, eight of whom grew to maturity, as follows: 
 Polly, widow of Baitman Monroe, of Addison; Horace P., deceased; Ephraim, a 
 resident of Mansfield; Jane, wife of Jason Prutsinan, of Elmira; Stella, wife of 
 Samuel Love, of Little Marsh; Benjamin, who lives in Mansfield; Hattie, wife of 
 George Curran, of Knoxville, and James T., deceased. Mrs. Westbrook died Octo- 
 ber 18, 1887, aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 HoEACE Feeeland Westbeook was born in Chemung county, Wew York, No- 
 vember 27, 1829, eldest son of George Westbrook. He lived with his parents until 
 the family removed to Tioga county, when he purchased a half interest in the farm 
 bought by his father in Middlebury township, where he was engaged in farming 
 until the autumn of 1861. He then enlisted in Company F, Fifty-seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, and went to the front with the rank of orderly sergeant. He 
 fought in every battle in which his regiment was engaged up to Malvern Hill, where 
 he was killed, July 1, 1862. He married Eachel M. Prutsman, a daughter of 
 Abram and Maria Prutsman, at Tioga, Tioga county, September 30, 1856. She 
 was bom at Tioga village, October 17, 1833, and bore him three children, viz: Wil- 
 lis H., who lives in Tioga; Edgar L., of Middlebury, and Ada B., wife' of Otis L. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 811 
 
 Coolidge, of Morris. Mrs. Westbrook resides on the old homestead. She is a 
 member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Edgae L. Westbbook, youngest son of Horace F. Westbrook, was born in 
 Middlebury township, Tioga county, August 29, 1859, and obtained his education 
 in the district schools and the Soldiers' Orphan School, at Mansfield. He has re- 
 mained on the home farm, assisting his mother in its cultivation. On November 
 3, 1881, he married Helen H. Johnson, a daughter of Dennis and Hester (Bates) 
 Johnson, of Sullivan county, New York, to which union have been bom three chil- 
 dren, viz: Mamie A., Nida L., and Clarence J., the last deceased. Mr. Westbrook 
 is an independent voter and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 societies. 
 
 James E. Andrews, a native of Cayuga county, New York, and a son of Obed 
 Andrews, was bom Febraarj- 16, 1799. His father was a native of the same county, 
 and a well-to-do faraier. James E. was the oldest in a family of nine children, viz: 
 James, Parmelia, Lansing, Ephraim, Hulda, Harrison, Sarah, Serena and Obed. 
 He obtained a common school education, and followed farming in his native county 
 up to 1855, in which year he came to Tioga county and purchased the present An- 
 drews farm in Middlebury township. Here he resided until his death, September 
 22, 1871. He married Clarissa Weeks, February 7, 1822. She was born in Cayuga 
 county. New York, Febraary 7, 1802, and bore him eight children, viz: Gardner 
 K., who died in September, 1892, aged sixty-eight years; Sarah J., who died on 
 April 14, 1877, aged fifty-two years; Eliza E., who died on August 22, 1858, aged 
 thirty-one years; Matthias A., who died in California in May, 1871, aged forty-two 
 years; Dennis, a farmer in Middlebury township; Obed H., who died while a soldier 
 in the Union army, November 19, 1861, aged twenty-eight years; Alfred A., a 
 resident of Middlebury, and Liscomb L., who resides in the west. All of this family 
 except Dennis and Liscomb were school teachers. Mrs. Andrews died September 
 7, 1880, She was a! member of the Methodist church. 
 
 Dennis Andrews, a son of James E. Andrews, was born in Venice, Cayuga 
 county. New York, April 10, 1831, and received a common school education. When 
 eighteen years old he commenced learning the carpenter's trade, which he followed 
 in his native county until the removal of the family to this county in 1855. He 
 joined his father in the purchase of the present homestead, off whieb he sold 100 
 acres in January, 1896, retaining seventy-five acres, and has since devoted his 
 attention to farming and lumbering in connection with his trade. Mr. Andrews 
 was married June 21, 1857, to Charlotte M. Cady, a daughter of Samuel A. Cady, 
 who has borne him six children, viz: Francis S., a carpenter of Wellsboro; Gardner 
 L., who also follows that trade in Wellsboro; Eddie P., and Flora A., both of whom 
 died in infancy; Eobert S., who lives on the home farm, and Grace L., at home. 
 In politics, Mr. Andrews is a Democrat, and has filled the oflaee of township assessor. 
 He, wife and daughter, Grace, are members of the Patrons of Husbandry. His sons, 
 Gardner L. and Eobert S., are members of the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Hiram Wahren Avas born in Eoxbury, Massachusetts. He was a descendant 
 of the brother of General Warren of Eevolutionary fame, and his father was a soldier 
 in the Continental army, and was wounded at Bunker Hill. Hiram Warren was 
 reared in Herkimer county. New York, and came to Tioga county about 1838, 
 
812 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 locating in Charleston township. He was a shoemaker, and followed his trade until 
 his death. His wife, Maiy, was a daughter of Ludwig Hart, of Charleston town- 
 ship, and bore him ten children, viz: James, a farmer of Nelson township; Majy, 
 wife of Coleman Furmaji, of Wellsboro; Sylvester, who died in infancy; Nancy, 
 deceased wife of Andrew Teachman; Elijah, a resident of Charleston township; 
 Philo S., a farmer of Middlehury; Solon S., who lives in Wellsboro; Martha, who 
 died at the age of seven years; Alonzo, a farmer of Chatham, and George, a resident 
 of Delmar. 
 
 Philo S. "Waeeen, son of Hiram Warren, was born in Herkimer county. New 
 York, September 30, 1835, and was three years old when his paients came to Tioga 
 county. He was reared in Charleston township, and worked as a farm hand until 
 he was twenty-one years old, when he moved on a farm in Chatham township 
 owned by his wife, a part of his present property. In 1865 he purchased the land 
 adjoining, which he now owns, and has devoted his attention to farming. He worked 
 in the lumber woods during the winter seasons for many years, with the exception of 
 four months that he was employed by the United States government in a construction 
 corps during the Eebellion. On February 10, 1856, he married Anna M. Chamber- 
 lain, a daughter of Simon S. and Mercy (Keeney) Chamberlain. She was bom 
 December 6, 1833, and is the onJy living descendant of the Chamberlain family in 
 Tioga county. Two children have been born to this union, viz: Jasper C, a Free 
 Will Baptist minister, located at Keeneyville, and Bion S. Mr. and Mrs. Warren 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he is a Kepublican. 
 
 BioN Snydee Waeeen was born in Middlebury township, Tioga county, De- 
 cember 25, 1859, and was educated in the district schools and the State Normal 
 at Mansfield. He has remained upon the homestead farm, assisting in its cultiva- 
 tion. On July 13, 1881, he married Sarah J. Stewart, a daughter of Eobert and 
 Hannah (Ellison) Stewart, of Farmington township, and has three children. Earl 
 M., Eppa M. and Pearl M. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. Mr. Warren is a stanch Eepublican, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. 
 society. 
 
 Simon Snydee Chamberlain was born in Belfast, Allegany county. New 
 York, in 1804, a son of Calvin and Isabel (Ives) Chamberlain, and was reared there 
 and in the Cowanesque valley. His father was bom in Eoxbury, Massachusetts, in 
 1771, the third son of Simon Chamberlain, one of three brothers who came from 
 England to Eoxburj', where he married a Miss Dodge and reared a family of four 
 sons and five daughters. His mother was a daughter of Ambrose Ives, and a sister 
 of Timothy, Titus and Benajah Ives, early settlers of Tioga. To Calvin and Isabel 
 Chamberlain were born four children, viz: Chandler, Simon S., Ives and Deborah. 
 The father came to the Cowanesque valley early in the century and spent the re- 
 maining years of his life in this part of the State, and New York state, dying in 
 Middlebury township, at the home of his son, Simon S., in 1859, aged eighty-eight 
 years. His wife died in Farmington to^^^lship in 1834, aged seventy-one years. 
 Simon S. came to Middlebury in 1824 and settled on Crooked creek, on land" pur- 
 chased from the Bingham estate. He married Mercy Keeney, a daughter of Deacon 
 Thomas Keeney, a soldier of the War of 1812. Mr. Keeney settled in Middlebury 
 m 1815. He married Anna Parshall, a daughter of Israel and Euth Parshall of 
 
BIOGSAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 813 
 
 Chemung county, New York. They were charter members of the First Baptist 
 church of Tioga, organized in 1816. To Simon S. and Mercy Chamberlain were 
 born two children, viz: Anna M., wife of Philo S. Warren, and Snyder K., de- 
 ceased. Mrs. Chamberlain died July 29, 1889, and her husband, March 14, 1891. 
 
 DwiGHT CuMMiNGS, a natiTB of Cayuga county. New York, born July 37, 1818, 
 is a son of Gurdon and Abigail (Pettis) Cummings, natives of Connecticut, of 
 Scotch-Irish extraction. He came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1856, and 
 for one year rented a farm in Chatham township and the following two years 
 worked a rented farm in Middlebury. He then purchased seventy acres of land in 
 Middlebiiry, to which he has added until he now owns 250 acres of well-improved 
 land. On November 6, 1845,'he married Sally Wormer, who was bom July 15, 1827. 
 Five children were the fruits of this imion, viz: Frances B., wife of John Hagen- 
 camp, of Deerfield; Charles Giu-don, of Middlebury; Ellen J., wife of David French, 
 of the same township; Burdett C, also a resident of Middlebury, and Abram W., 
 a physician of Oswayo, Potter county. Mrs. Cummings died Augu-st 6, 1881. Po- 
 litically, Mr. Cummings is a Eepublican, and is also a member of the Patrons of 
 Husbandry. 
 
 Chaeles Guedon Cummings, eldest son of Dwight Cummings, was bom in 
 Cayuga county. New York, December 16, 1847. Coming to this county with his 
 parents when about ten years of age, he worked on the homestead farm until his 
 majority, and then began working in the lumber woods in the winter seasons, and 
 on farms in summer time, which he followed six years. At the end of this period 
 he rented a farm in Chatham township, stayed there one year, and then moved to 
 the farm in Middlebury township which he now owns. He worked it on shares 
 for five years, and in August, 1880, bought the property, which embraces 116 acres. 
 He has since purchased 349 acres more in Middlebury, and thus owns 465 acres of 
 land. He erected his present fine home in 1888, and is one of the successful farmers 
 of his township. Mr. Cummings married Emma J. Button, a daughter of Ralph 
 Button, of Middlebury, November 15, 1874. Eight children have been bom to 
 this union, viz: Claude G., Earl D., George B., Roy E., Ella J., Lee "W., Kate M., 
 and William C, the last of whom died in infancy. In politics, the family affiliates 
 with the Republicans, and Mr. Cummings is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 He is a good example of what energy and perseverance can accomplish. Twenty 
 years ago he was working as a farm hand, while to-day he is one of the largest prop- 
 erty owners and most substantial citizens of Middlebury township. 
 
 Amos E. Rowley, inventor and cabinet maker, was born at Southampton, 
 Massachusetts, January 4, 1825, a son of Chester and Rispa (Barnes) Rowley, natives 
 of Massachusetts. His parents reared the following children: Horace, deceased; 
 Mary, wife of Moses Thorpe, of Cahfomia; Hayden, of Saginaw City, Michigan; 
 Amos E., of Middlebury township; Elvira, wife of Henry Wells, of New Haven, 
 Connecticut; Gensie, Lewis, Benjamin and James, all of whom reside in Connecti- 
 cut. Amos E. learned the cabinet maker's trade in Massachusetts, and followed that 
 business in the East up to^ 1859, when he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He 
 settled at Keeneyville, and has since followed his trade in this county, with the 
 exception of ten years spent in Wellsville, Coming and Sandy Hill, New York. He 
 retired from active work in 1894, while a resident of Wellsboro, removing to his 
 
814 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 farm in Middlebury township, where he devotes his attention to inventing, a business 
 that has received a large portion of his time from early manhood. Among his 
 principal inventions are the Eowley Car Coupler, the Eowley Power Mortising 
 Chisel, which removes its own chips, the Eowley Bosom Board, the Eowley Weight 
 Power, and the Eowley Eotating Churn Dash, all of which have been fairly success- 
 ful. In 1844 he was married at AYaterville, l^'ew York, to Ellen Tower, who bore 
 him seven children, four of whom are living, viz: Alice, wife of Eev. Bain, of Edmes- 
 ton, IsTew York; Frank, a Methodist Episcopal minister, of Troupsburg, New York; 
 Charles, a pattern maker of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Eose, wife of James Shaff, 
 of Middlebury toAvnship. Mr. Eowley's second wife was Mrs. Mills, and his present 
 wife, Mrs. Mary Brown, nee Shaff. In polities, he is an ardent Eepublican. 
 
 Sylvester E. Adamy, a son of Daniel and Catherine (Brink) Adamy, was 
 bom in Schuyler county, New York, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 
 1853. He located near Tioga, where he worked in a saw-mill three years, and then 
 removed to Wisconsin. Five years later he returned to Tioga county and purchased 
 a farm near Keeneyville, but continued working in saw-mills imtil his death, in 
 1873. He married Eoxina Brown, a daughter of Nathaniel Brown. Eight children 
 were the fruits of this union, viz: George E., a merchant of Niles Valley; Almira, 
 wife of Abram Lyon; Daniel, a train dispatcher at St. Paul, Minnesota; Dewitt, 
 deceased; Clara B., wife of Henry Sweet, of Middlebury; Catherine A., wife of 
 Versal Ives, of the same township; Minnie A., wife of William Ellison, also a resi- 
 dent of Middlebury, and Abram L., a resident of Galeton, Potter county. 
 
 George E. Adamy, merchant and proprietor of saw-mills at Niles Valley, is 
 a native of New York state, bom September 31, 1851. When twenty-one years old 
 he went to Norfolk, Virginia, but returned to Tioga county one year later and 
 foimd employment as an engineer in a saw-mill for three years. For the succeeding 
 nine years he was engineer at the Niles Valley tannery, and later carried on the 
 livery business in Elmira, New York. Eeturning to Niles Valley, he was foreman 
 in the tannery four years. He then purchased his present home and mercantile 
 business, which he has since successfully carried on, also operating a saw and shingle- 
 mill. Besides his property at Niles Valley, he is the owner of a farm in Chatham 
 township. Mr. Adamy was married July 25, 1875, to Mary A. Wedge, daughter 
 of Samuel Wedge, of Niles Valley, and has six children, viz: May, Burt, Henry S., 
 Georgianna, Louisa and Laura E. The family is connected with the Methodist 
 Episcopal chiirch. In polities, Mr. Adamy is a Eepublican, and is also a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Jacob B. Conley was born at Lock, Cayuga county. New York, November 23, 
 1827. His father, Jacob Conley, was bom in the same county about 1788, and died 
 in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1S84, while on a visit to his son. He was twice 
 married and the father of fourteen children. His first wife, a Miss Howard, 
 bore him twelve children, of whom Jacob B. was the fifth. The subject of 
 this sketch was reared in his native county, whence he removed to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1854. He bought a farm in Chatham township, lived there 
 up to 1860, then sold out and returned to New York. In 1865 he came back 
 to this county and purchased a farm in Middlebury township, on the Chatham line, 
 which he sold two years later and bought the present Conley farm of forty-one acres 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. §15 
 
 in the spring of 1867. While working in the lumber woods, he was killed by a 
 rolling log, December 23, 1867. His wife, Martha J., whom he married January 1, 
 1850, was a daughter of Jefferson and Sophronia (Henderson) Bowker. She was 
 bom January 29, 1832, and bore him four children, viz: Amelia, wife of Charles 
 Corkins, of Colorado; Brmina M., who married Ira Briggs; Jefferson B., a farmer in 
 Middlebury, and Sophronia, wife of Alvin Rice, of Charleston township. Mrs. Con- 
 ley was again married in 1870, to Silas Staples, who died June 3, 1888. His widow 
 now resides with her son, Jefferson B., in Middlebury township. 
 
 Jeffebson B. Conley, only son of Jacob B. and Martha J. Conley, was born 
 in Chatham township, Tioga county, September 1, 18G5. When fifteen years of 
 age he commenced working out as a farm hand, at which he continued for three 
 years. He then returned to the homestead farm, and bought the property, on which 
 he has since resided. For five years he fanned on a small scale and engaged in sell- 
 ing wagons and farming implements and running a threshing machine. In 1888 
 he bought what is known as the Ralph Button property. Six years later he also 
 purchased the George Weller place, and commenced farming on a larger scale, 
 keeping quite a large dairy. In 1894 he was burned out, sustaining a heavy loss, 
 but the same year he rebuilt. Mr. Conley was married April 13, 1879, to Alice West, 
 a daughter of Philander West, who has borne him four children, viz: Lola E., de- 
 ceased; Martha J., Nina E., and Wand V. Mr. and Mrs. Conley are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, and also of the Patrons of Husbandry. Politically, 
 he is an independent voter, and is connected with the K. 0. T. M. society. 
 
 Thomas Colegeove, a native of Rhode Island, bom Pebraary 32, 1785, was 
 a son of Oliver Colegrove, a grandson of Eli Colgrove, and a great-grandson of 
 Francis Colegrove, who came from England about 1667, and located at Warwick, 
 Rhode Island. Thomas came to Tioga county in 1841, and settled in Lawrence 
 township, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, February 
 3, 1854. He was married in Rhode Island, to Polly Brightman, who bore him ten 
 children, viz: Taber, Zachariah P., John N., Charlotte and Marilda, all of whom 
 are dead; Willet S., a resident of Knoxville; Andrew J., who lives in Faxmington; 
 George T., of Middlebury; Henry B., a farmer in Lawrence township, and Aurilla, 
 wife of Robert Babeock, of Lawrence. Mrs. Colegrove died in December, 1864, 
 sun'iving her husband over ten years. 
 
 Geoege Thomas Colegeove was bom in Troupsburg, New York, August 19, 
 1830, a son of Thomas and Polly Colegrove. He was eleven years old when his 
 parents came to Tioga county, and he grew to manhood in Lawrence township. 
 When twenty-three years of age he purchased land in Farmington township, lived 
 there until 1865, and then bought a farm near Holiday, in Middlebury township, 
 which he soon afterwards sold. In 1873 he bought his present farm of 145 acres, 
 a part of which lies in Farmington township, and has since been engaged in cultivat- 
 ing it. In 1853 he married Clarissa E. Bradley, a daughter of Henry Bradley, of 
 Farmington township. She was bom July 27, 1837, and has borne him six chil- 
 dren, viz: Eugene T., a farmer in Tioga township; Martha J., wife of Frank Lutz, 
 of Middlebury; James E., who died September 18, 1887, aged twenty-seven years; 
 Warren W., who lives in Steuben county, New York; Alma A., wife of Byron D. 
 Paris, of Lawrence township, and Cora L., wife of Abram Ballman, of Middlebury. 
 
gj^g HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mrs. Colegrove is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically, Mr. 
 Colegrove is a Kepublican, and a well-known, successful farmer. 
 
 Geoege Eude was bom in Connecticut, in 1837, removed with his parents to 
 Cayuga county, New York, when about two years of age, and there received a good 
 education. He came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1853; remained eight years, 
 and then returned to Cayuga county, New York. A few years later he returned to 
 Tioga and purchased the present Eude farm in Middlebury township. Here 
 he devoted his time and attention to agriculture for the succeeding thirty 
 years, dying on the old homestead, April 17, 1893. He married Lucy A. Saxbury, 
 a daughter of Adam Saxbury, of Chatham toAvnship, to which union were bom 
 four children, as follows: Abigail, wife of George Brimmer, of Osceola; Jonas, 
 deceased; Orson, bom July 7, 1859, and George, bom May 7, 1869. Orson and 
 George live upon the old homestead, which is owned by the latter. Their mother 
 makes her home with them. They are engaged in the business of hay pressing, 
 threshing, shingle sawing, wood cutting, and feed grinding, by steam power, own 
 two large engines, and carry on a profitable trade. Both are adherents of the Ee- 
 publican party, and George is also a member of the Patrons of H'usbandry. 
 
 John T. Puhvis, county surveyor, was bom in Cumberland, Maine, June 10, 
 1823, a son of Adam and Euth (Tibbets) Purvis, natives of Maine, and grandson of 
 Adam Purvis, a native of Scotland. His father was a clothier, and died at Yar- 
 mouth, Maine, January 15, 1878, aged seventy-eight years. His mother died 
 August 9, 1876, aged seventy-six years. They were the parents of eight children, 
 viz: Andrew, deceased; John T., of Niles Valley; Julia, wife of Mr. Cobb, of Yar- 
 mouth, Maine; Susan, deceased; Buthetta, wife of Andrew Leighton, of Yarmouth; 
 and Anna, Jane and Mary, all of whom are dead. John T. received an academic 
 education, graduating from Lewiston Falls Academy. He learned the cabinet 
 maker's trade, and in 1842 went to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, where he was 
 engaged in lumbering two years. He then located on Pine creek, near the site of 
 Ansonia, Tioga county, and carried on a large lumber business for nine years. He 
 next removed to Sinnamahoning, Cameron county, as superintendent for Phelps, 
 Dodge & Company, extensive lumber operators, which position he filled seven years. 
 Tn the meantime he had studied the art of surveying, and the last year he spent 
 with Phelps, Dodge & C^ompany he was employed in that capacity. Eemoving to 
 Wellsboro, Tioga county, Mr. Purvis formed a partnership with Calvin Kelly and 
 opened a general store, which they carried on two years. In 1867 he located at 
 Niles Valley, in Middlebury township, purchased his present residence, and erected 
 a store building, in which he conducted the mercantile business up to 1885. He 
 has been station agent at Niles ■\''alley since the Pall Brook railroad was built, but 
 has devoted a great deal of his time to siirveying, and is at present filling the office 
 of county surveyor. Mr. Purvis was married February 11, 1855, tO' Harriet E. 
 Herrington, a daughter of Eeiiben Herrington, one of the eai-ly settlers on Pine 
 creek, where Mrs. Purvis was bom April 17, 1830. She is a member of the Presby- 
 terian church. Politically, Mr. Purvis is a Democrat, is also a member of the F. 
 & A. M., and is one of the prominent citizens of Middlebury. 
 
 Aaeon Vandeehoof, a native of Kew Jersey, was bom September 27, 1814, 
 and grew to maturity in that State. He followed farming there up to I867', when 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 817 
 
 lie came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased 103 acres of land in the 
 western part of Middlebury township. Here he continued in agricultural pursuits 
 uiitil 1886, in which year he sold out to his son, George, and returned to New Jer- 
 sey, where he died, February 25, 1893. His wife, Delila Wagner, was bom in New 
 Jersey, June 22, 1817, and reared five children, viz: Lydia A., wife of Theodore 
 PauUison, of New Jersey: Susie, wife of John P. Lantz, of the same State; Ophelia, 
 who died at the age of forty-three; Aaron, a farmer of Tioga township, and George, 
 of Middlebury. Mrs. Vanderhoof is a resident of New Jersey. 
 
 Gbokge Vandeehoof was bom in Passaic county. New Jersey, October 25, 1852, 
 youngest child of Aaron Vanderhoof. He came to this county with his parents in 
 1867, and worked on the home farm up to 1881. He then moved to Hammond, 
 where he first rented and afterwards purchased a faim. Five years later he bought 
 the old homestead, and soon after sold his farm at Hammond. In 1891 he pur- 
 chased fifty-three acres adjoining the home farm, upon which he has lived for the 
 pa^t ten years, devoting his attention to agriculture. Mr. Vanderhoof married 
 Majy D. Spaulding, a daughter of Sem P. Spaulding, in 1876. She was bom June 
 17, 1851, and is the mother of the following children: Sem P., a resident of New 
 Jersey; Mary E., John, Monroe H., Susie L., Clyde, Jennie M.,who died in childhood; 
 Dorothy, and one that died in infancy. Mrs. Vanderhoof is a member of the L. 
 .T. M., while her husband is connected with the K. 0. T. M., and the P. of H. In 
 politics, the family are adherents of the Eepublican party. 
 
 John B. Faee, Se., a native of England, came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 about 1800, and finally settled on a farm in Sullivan township. He was a soldier 
 in the War of 1812. His wife, Lydia, was a native of Germany, and bore him the 
 following children, viz: John B., William, Jacob, Josiah, Seely, a resident of 
 Chemung county. New York; Czar, a resident of Jackson township; Polly, Lucy, 
 Betsey and Lydia. Mr. Farr and wife died at the age of ninety-four and eighty- 
 six years, respectively. 
 
 John B. Uaee, eldest child of John B. Farr, Sr., was born in Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1804. In early life he was a mail carrier and stage driver, and later 
 engaged in the saw-mill business. He maiTied Caroline Ives, who bore him the fol- 
 lowing children, viz: Adelaide, Jacob, Isaac and Sarah J., all of whom are dead; 
 Lydia A., wife of Charles Dimmick, of Tioga; Lafayette, of Middlebury; Juliette 
 and Samuel, both deceased; Barney and Albert, residents of Elkland, and Allen, 
 deceased. Mr. Farr died in 1860, and his wife in 1891, aged eighty years. 
 
 Lafayette Fake was born at Seely Creek, New York, June 15, 1845, a son of 
 John B. and Caroline Farr, and grandson of John B. Farr, Sr. In the autumn of 
 1863, when but eighteen years old, he enlisted in Company D, Eleventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Peach Bottom, Black Water, City 
 Point, Johnson Farm, Eeam's Station, Darbytown, Five Forks, Berksville Station, 
 and was present at the surrender of Lee. He was discharged in September, 1865, 
 at Philadelphia, and returned to his home in this county. He followed lumbering 
 for a time, then learned the carpenter's trade, and finally engaged in farming, which 
 has since been his occupation. He owns a farm of 115 acres near Hammond, which 
 he has rented, and lives on the farm of A. C. Cole. Mr. Farr was married September 
 6, 1874, to Mary A. Eeiger, and has two children, Jennie D. and Nida M. In poli- 
 
 52 
 
818 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tics, a Eepublican, he has served two terms as supervisor ajid one term as assistant 
 assessor of his township. He is a m.ember of the I. 0. 0. F., and the G. A. R. 
 societies. 
 
 GrEOEGE W. Pbckham was horn in Middletown, Ehode Island, May. 14, 1829, a 
 son of Timothy and Zoa (Maxen) Peckham, natives of Rhode Island. His father, 
 who died February 3, 1834, was a son of Philip Peckham, a soldier in the War of 
 1813, who owned and sold to the government the land on which Port Adams stands, 
 at Newport, Ehode Island. George W. is the fourth in a family of six children, 
 viz: Cyrus, Sarah, Phoebe, George W., James, deceased, and Annie W. The 
 mother died in 1879. The subject of this sketch received a common school educa- 
 tion in his native town, and when nineteen years old went to Providence, where he 
 learned the machinist's trade. He worked there up to 1859, and then went to 
 Philadelphia and embarked in the printing business, but returned to Rhode Island 
 two years later and engaged in farming. In 1881 he came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and located on his present farm of 100 acres, then the property of Ezra 
 Potter. Mr. Peckham married Matilda Potter, a daughter of Ezra and Eunice 
 (Sweet) Potter, June 30, 1851. Nine children have been bom to this marriage, as 
 follows: Ida E., deceased wife of Charles Monroe, of Warren, Ehode Island; Zoa A., 
 wife of E. A. Newman, of Bristol, same State; George E., proprietor of a book store 
 in New York City; Albert S., mercantile agent of Brooklyn, New York; Josephine 
 L., a trained nurse of New York City; Frank 0., cashier and book-keeper in a whole- 
 sale grocery of New York; James S., deceased; William E., who lives at home, and 
 Royal D., a merchant tailor of Wellsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Peckham are members 
 of the First Baptist church, and the P. of H., and in politics, adherents of the Re- 
 publican party. 
 
 Louis Albert Potter was bom at Albion, Orleans county. New York, October 
 11, 1837, a son of Dr. Stephen M. and Ann (Harding) Potter. Dr. Potter was bom 
 in Washington county. New York, in 1794, a son of Benjamin Potter, a sea captain. 
 He studied medicine under Dr. H. P. Moore, of Manlius, New York, and com- 
 menced practice at Albion, whence he removed to Cazenovia, where he practiced his 
 profession the greater part of his life. He served in the War of 1812, represented 
 his county in the General Assembly in 1845, and was sheriff of Madison county. 
 New York, three years. He was an ardent Democrat, a prominent physician, and 
 a respected citizen. He died at Manlius, New York, October 4, 1885, aged ninety- 
 one years. Dr. Potter was thrice married. His first wife, Polly Moore, bore him 
 one daughter, Maria, deceased wife of John C. Remon, of Syracuse. His second 
 wife, Hulda Collins, died without issue. His third wife, Ann Harding, was born 
 at East Hampton, Connecticut, in August, 1810, a daughter of Daniel and Betsey 
 Harding, and became the mother of eight children, six of whom died in infancy. 
 The two surviving children are Louis A., of Middlebury township, and Charles L., 
 who lives in Syracuse. Mrs. Dr. Potter died in 1893. Louis A. obtained a common 
 school education, and adopted farming as his vocation. He first came to Tioga 
 county in 1859, where he found employment with a lumber firm to scale logs and 
 measure lumber. He settled permanently in this county in 1879, purchasing his 
 present farm near Middlebury Center, to which he has since devoted his attention. 
 In 1861 he married Julia A. Potter, a daughter of Henry H. and Malinda G. (Ste- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 819 
 
 Yens) Potter. She was born in Tioga in 1840, and has two sons, L. Clarence, a pattern 
 maker, residing at Syracuse, and Jerome V., who lives with his parents. Politi- 
 cally, Mr. Potter is a stanch Democrat. 
 
 James Lewis Beees, physician and surgeon, Holiday, was bom at Danby, 
 Tompkins county, New York, November 18, 1859. Ilis parents, Andrew J. and 
 Jemima (Kightmyer) Beers, were natives of New York state. His father was a 
 wagonmaker, and died at Danby, February 23, 1891, aged sixty^six years. His 
 mother died May 17, 1885, aged forty-five years. James L. was the eldest in a 
 family of four children, the others being Fred. E., a resident of Ithaca, New York; 
 Anna, wife of Elbert Hill, of Danby, and George A., of Holiday, Middlebury town- 
 ship. After graduating from the Danby High School, the subject of this sketch 
 commenced the study of medicine under Dr. W. H. Fisher, of Spencer, New York, 
 later attended lectures at University Medical College, New York, and graduated 
 from that institution in March, 1883. He began practice at Preeville, Tompkins 
 county. New York, removed one year later to Sayre, Bradford county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, practiced there one year, and then located at Willseyville, New York, where 
 he remained eighteen months. At the end of this time he went to Colorado, fol- 
 lowed his profession there for a year and a half, and then returned to Pennsylvania. 
 He located at Holidaytown, Tioga county, where he has since built up a lucrative 
 practice. Dr. Beers has been twice married. His first marriage occurred April G, 
 1883, to AUie Shepard, a daughter of Salomons Shepard, of Spencer, New York, 
 who bore him one daughter, Luella. His second marriage took place September 
 6, 1888, to Cora B. White, a daughter of M. G. White, of Holiday, Tioga county. 
 He is a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 William T. Compton, a native of Ithaca, New York, and a son of John Comp- 
 ton, was bom June 31, 1829, and learned the miller's and millwright's trades in his 
 native State, which he followed there up to 1885. In that year he came to Tioga 
 county, and with his son, Jesse, took charge of the Central Mills, at Holiday, at the 
 mouth of Hill's creek, which he continued to operate until his death, July 6, 1890. 
 Mr. Compton was a well-known and successful miller, and did a good business. 
 On July 4, 1856, he married Jane Butcher, of Post Creek, New York, born Decem- 
 ber 30, 1832, to which union were bom three children, viz: Eobert A., who lives 
 in Michigan; Luanna, wife of W. H. Hamilton, of Coming, and Jesse, of Holiday, 
 Middlebury township Mrs. Compton died June 30, 1880. 
 
 Jesse Compton-, manager of the Central Mills, Holiday, Middlebury township, 
 Tioga county, was born at Cuba, Allegany county. New York, August 9, J 860. 
 When sixteen years of age he went to work with his father to learn the millwright 
 and miller's trade, and has followed that business up to the present, having been 
 connected with the Central Mills since coming to Tioga county, in 1885. Mr. 
 Compton was married December 18, 1887, to Cora E. Lyon, a daughter of Henry 
 Lyon, of Charleston township, to which union have been born five children, viz: 
 Jane L., Alta M., Pearl L., William T., and Henry L. In politics, Mr. Compton is 
 a Eepublican. Since taking charge of the Central Mills, he has built up a good 
 trade and increased their reputation among the people of Tioga county. 
 
 Lemuel Jackson was a native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, bom in 1797. 
 there grew to manhood and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed in his 
 
820 niSTOKY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 native county until the forties. He then came to Tioga county and settled on a 
 farm near Osceola, remoTing a few years later into Middlebury township, and 
 tinally to Chatham, where he died in 1891. He was twice married. By his first 
 wife there were seven children born to him, viz: Smith and Isaiah, both residents 
 of Bradford county; Miner, who lives in Chatham township; George H., of Nelson, 
 Pennsylvania; Fancy, wife of Abisha Woodward, of Iowa; Paulina, wife of Edward 
 Shepard, of Bradford county, and Jane Ann., wife of Mordecai Schoonover, of Brad- 
 ford county. His second wife was Sarah Jane Clark, a native of Bradford county, 
 who bore him nine children, as follows: Esther, wife of Joseph Crippen, of Ne- 
 braska; Isabella, wife of Albert Saxbury, of Chatham township; Lemuel W., a 
 resident of Clymer; James and Jerry, both of whom live in Middlebury; Martin 
 v., of Charleston; General H., of Chatham; Amos, who lives at Academy Comers, 
 and Flora, wife of Jefferson Chappel, of Deerfield. Mrs. Jackson resides with her 
 daughter, Mrs. Saxbury, in Chatham township. 
 
 Jebht Jackson was born in Deerfield township, Tioga county, June 10, 1852, 
 a son of Lemuel and Sarah Jane Jackson. He obtained a common school education, 
 and on attaining his majority commenced learning the blacksmith's trade with 
 M. L. Wilson, of Keeneyville, and has since worked at Mansfield, Holiday and 
 Chatham Valley. In the spring of 1886 he removed from Chatham Valley to West 
 Valley, where he has since built up a good business, making a specialty of horse- 
 shoeing. In 1880 he married Kittie Niles, a daughter of Wallace Mies, and has 
 three children, viz: Cleve Merton, Nellie Myrtle and Pahy Homer. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Jackson are members of the Free Baptist church, in which he has filled the office 
 of deacon, and is at present one of the trustees. He is also a member of the K. 0. 
 T. M., and in politics, a Prohibitionist. 
 
 FAEMINGTOK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 John C. Eobb, a son of John Eobb, was born in Muncy township, Lycoming 
 county, Pennsylvania, November 2, 1809. His grandfather, Eobert Eobb, was an 
 ensign in the French and Indian war, in 1758, and one of the first settlers of Muncy 
 township. When about eleven years of age John C. came to Tioga county and 
 lived for a time with Aaron Niles, at Niles Valley. He afterwards went to Law- 
 renceville and worked several years for Charles Ford. About 1831 he came into 
 Farmington township, and soon after bought a farm, a part of the Bingham estate, 
 in the Peter Mourey neighborhood, which had previously been occupied by a man 
 named Compton, one of the first settlers of the township. Mr. Eobb married Susan 
 Locke, who became the mother of four children, viz: Eachel, deceased wife of 
 Eev. Francis Eand, of West Berlin, Massachusetts; Levi E., deceased; Minerva, 
 wife of Jeremiah E. Green, of Tioga, and James L., a resident of Wellsboro. Levi 
 E. enlisted September 18, 1861, and was mustered in as sergeant of Company H, 
 Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers; re-enlisted January 1, 1864, and was pro- 
 moted to second lieutenant January 24, 1865, and later to the rank of captain. He 
 participated in many battles and engagements. In the Wilderness a part of his 
 brigade was captured and marched off southward, but Lieutenant Eobb determined 
 to escape and broke for liberty. The guard fired on him and his clothes were 
 pierced by thirty-two bullets, but he escaped safely and comparatively uninjured. 
 Eejoining his regiment, he was mortally wounded at Fort Hell, in front of Peters- 
 
BIOGSAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 821 
 
 burg, April 2, 1865, and died at City Point Hospitai seven days later. John C. 
 Eobb remained on the homestead in Farmington until 1868, when he sold it to his 
 son, James L., and removed to Tioga, where he died October 7, 1877. His wife sur- 
 vived until April 6, 1890, dying at the age of seventy-two years. In politics, he 
 wa^ a Democrat until 1860, when he became a Eepublican and voted for Abraham 
 Lincoln. He served as a justice of the peace from 1840 to 1845, and as a county 
 auditor from 1851 to 1854. In religion, he was a Presbyterian, and one of the 
 organizers and leading members of the Presbyterian church of Farmington, in 
 which body he served as an elder for many years. 
 
 Waltek Van" Dusen, a native of Schoharie coimty. New York, settled in 
 Farmington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1835, where he cleared and 
 improved a farm of 130 acres. In 1870 he removed to 'Wellsboro, and died there 
 in April, 1879, at the age of eighty-six years. He married Betsey Thorne, and 
 they were the parents of eleven children, viz: Hannah, who married Jonas Seely; 
 John, Maria, who married Ansel Wright; Catherine, who married Franklin Rus- 
 sell; "William, Polly, who married E. D. Fish; Milo, Ann, who married Robert 
 Potter; Stephen, Andrew, and James, who was killed April 2, 1865, in front of 
 Petersburg, Virginia, while serving in the Union army. 
 
 William Van Dusbn was born in Schoharie county, ISTew York, January 8, 
 1822, and came with his parents, Walter and Betsey Van Dusen, to Farmington 
 township, Tioga county, in 1835. On attaining his majority he purchased a tract 
 of fifty acres in Farmington, for which he went in debt $200, and before the principal 
 was all paid, the interest amounted to $108. He subsequently added to his original 
 purchase until he owned ninety acres, which he sold. In 1863 he bought the Lemuel 
 Cady homestead of 100 acres, and subsequently added thereto 100 acres more. A 
 good share of the last tract he cleared and improved, and resided upon this farm until 
 his death. Mr. Van Dusen married Emily Cady, a daughter of Lemuel and Ruth 
 (Gleason) Cady, to which union were born four children, viz: Oscar A., .Tosephine, 
 deceased; Frank and Fred, the last two being twins. In politics, he wa.o a stanch 
 Republican, and in religious belief, a Methodist. He held many of the local ofl&ces 
 in Farmington, was highly respected in the community, where he spent nearly sixty 
 years of his Ufe, and always took an active part in public affairs. 
 
 Frank Van Dusen, son of AVilliam Van Dusen, and grandson of Walter Van 
 Dusen, was bom in Farmington township, September 29, 1863. He was reared 
 upon the old homestead, and obtained a good education in the public schools, and 
 the State Normal School at Mansfield, and gradiiated at Allen's Business College, 
 Elmira, New York, in 1884. He then entered the employ of the Fall Brook Rail- 
 road Company, as station agent at Harrison Valley, Potter county, remaining there 
 one year. He was afterwards one of the keepers in the New York State Reforma- 
 tory, at Elmira, which position he held nine m.onths. In the autumn of 1887 he 
 returned home, and taught one term of school. In 1888-89 he was constable of 
 Farmington township, since which time he has been engaged in farming on the old 
 homestead. It comprises 100 acres, and he also owns 107 acres known as the John 
 Van Dusen farm. He is an ardent Republican, and during the session of 1892, 
 he was door-keeper of the House at Harrisburg, and was a delegate to the state con- 
 vention in the same city in 1894. On June 30, 1887, Mr. Van Dusen married Dell 
 
822 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Hall, a daughter of George M. and Sarah (Green) Hall, of Farmmgixjii, and has had 
 two children, Gusta and Euth, both deceased. Mr. Van Dusen is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and also of the I. 0. 0. F. He is one of the enterpris- 
 ing citizens of his township. 
 
 EoBEET Casbeee, a son of "William and Catherine (Jay) Casbeer, was bom at 
 Owego, Tioga coimty, New York, September 4, 1811, and was reared in Osceola, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, from the age of five years, in the family of Deacon 
 Elihu Hill. On attaining manhood he worked Mr. Hill's farm five years, and for 
 five years afterwards was engaged in farming in WoodhuU, Wew York. In 1841 
 he settled in Farmington township, Tioga county, where he cleared and improved 
 upwards of 300 acres of land, upon wliich he lived for many years, removing late 
 in life to Osceola, and dying in 1893. His first wife was Susan House, and they 
 were the parents of the following children: Ann, wife of Aaron E. Baker; Benja- 
 min, deceased; Catherine J., wife of John E. Smith; Daniel E., Emily, wife of 
 Jerome Spencer; Flora, wife of Benjamin Adams, and Gratia, wife of Fred Gaig. 
 Mr. Casbeer was a man of positive character and decided views, and possessed a vig- 
 orous and energetic nature. He was ever ready to help the needy, often refusing 
 to sell his farm produce for money, saying to the would-be purchaser, "You have 
 money and can buy of others, while I have poor neighbors to whom I must sell and 
 wait for my pay." His wife, Susan, was, in every sense of the word, a helpmeet. 
 Brought up in an atmosphere of refinement, a school teacher before her marriage, 
 and possessing a naturally self-reliant disposition, she was in every way qualified to 
 help make a Christian home. She was an earnest member of the Presbyterian 
 church. About two years after Mrs. Casbeer's death, Mr. Casbeer married for his 
 second wife, Mrs. Maria Barker Fish, an estimable Christian woman, kind and 
 efficient in all her ways. She survived him nearly two years. Mr. Casbeer was a 
 member of the Presbyterian church, a sincere and consistent Christian, and did 
 much to shape and mould the moral sentiment of the community in which he lived. 
 He always took a prominent part in public affairs, and served as assessor of Farming- 
 ton township seventeen successive terms. In polities, he was a Eepublican. 
 
 Daniel E. Casbbee was born in Farmington township, Tioga county, Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1852, and is the only surviving son of Eobert and Susan Casbeer. He 
 grew to manhood upon the old homestead, and was educated in the common schools 
 and at the Osceola High School. Farming has been his life vocation, and he has 
 lived on his present farm of 140 acres since 1877. Mr. Casbeer was married No- 
 vember 8, 1876, to Sarah Peters, a daughter of James E. and Priscilla (Smith) 
 Peters, of Farmington township. Four children are the fruits of this union, viz: 
 Bennie L., Fred D., Grace E. and Charlie E. Mr. Casbeer has been a member of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church for twenty years, and is a trustee in the Pleasant 
 Valley society. In polities he is a Eepublican, and is a member of the I F 
 the P. of H., and K. S. F. I. ' ' "' 
 
 Caelos House was born in Connecticut, November 8, 1812, son of Ansel aad 
 Nancy (Beel) House, early settlers of Farmington township. They located on the 
 farm now occupied by W. C. House about 1830, and there spent the remaining years 
 of their lives. Their children were as follows: Eockwell, Andrew, Carlos, and Eliza 
 who married Daniel Mourey. Carlos assisted in clearing the old homestead, where 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 823 
 
 he resided until his death. He was instrumental in having a postoffiee established 
 at Farmington Center, of which he was the first incumbent, holding the office eight 
 years. He was married October 3, 1853, to Adelia Lee — bom July 28, 1834, in 
 Milford, Otsego county, New York — a daughter of Barnes and Azubah (Sergrents) 
 Lee, who bore him two sons, Willie C, and Clarence M., born May 8, 1855, and died 
 in November, 1855. Mr. House died December 11, 1887. 
 
 Willie C. House, only living cliild of Carlos House, was bom on the old 
 homestead in Farmington township, Tioga county, December 15, 1857, and has 
 spent his entire life upon the farm. He obtained a common school education, and 
 has made farming his life vocation. On June 10, 1893, he married Bertha Dodge, 
 bom June 9, 1873, a daughter of Alpha W. and Mahala (Smith) Dodge, of Chatham 
 township, and has two daughters, Helen L., born March 3, 1894, and Julia Zella, 
 bom September 24, 1895. Mr. House is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, 
 and in politics, an adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 Elisha Soule was born in Massachusetts, May 15, 1806, a son of Eowland 
 and Mary (Phelps) Soule. In early life he removed to Truxton, Cortland county, 
 New York, where he was married May 10, 1826, to Polly Colgrove, a daughter of 
 William and Susannah (Brightman) Colgrove. She was born in Ehode Island, 
 whence the family removed to New York state. Eleven children were the fruits 
 of this union, viz: Comelia S., wife of William P. Abbott, of Monroe county, Wis- 
 consin; Sarah F., wife of James D. Abbott, of the same eoimty; WiUiam L., who 
 entered the United States service in March, 1863, and contracted typhoid fever, 
 from which he died at his father's home in Farmington, October 2, following; 
 Wesley V., a resident of Monroe county, Wisconsin; James E., who enlisted in 
 Company H, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in September, 1861, and served 
 with his regiment until the battle of Spottsylvania, May 10, 1864, where he was 
 killed; Catherine E., widow of J. D. Greenfield; Perry E., who enlisted in Com- 
 pany L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, in March, 1862, served with his regiment 
 until 1864, when he was taken prisoner and confined at Andersonville until De- 
 cember of the same year, when he was paroled and sent to Annapolis, Maryland, 
 where he died, December 31, 1864; Amanda M., wife of George W. Bowen, of 
 Farmington; Omar H., who enlisted in Company L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 in February, 1864, and served until the close of the war, and is now a resident of 
 Steuben county. New York; Julia A., deceased wife of Charles Baker, of Law- 
 rence township, and Lelia L., wife of Henry J. Weltroth, of Williamsport. In 
 1830 Mr. Soule settled in Farmington township, Tioga county, removing a few 
 years later into Middlebury township. About 1839 he located near Keeneyville, on 
 the Griffin farni. After living there seven years he sold it and retumed to Farm- 
 ington. In 1849 he purchased the farm where his son-in-law, George W. Bowen, 
 now lives, upon which he resided until his death. By sturdy industry he cleared 
 and improved this property, erecting substantial buildings, and bringing the land 
 to a high state of cultivation. Mr. Soule was a stanch Eepublican, and both he and 
 his wife were consistent members of the Methodist church. He died April 5, 1871, 
 and his wife, November 21, 1885. 
 
 Geohge W. Bowen was born in Farmington township, Tioga county, March 
 4, 1839, a son of David and Matilda (Winser) Bowen, formerly of Ehode Island. 
 
824 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 From the age of two yeaxs he was reared in the family of Peter Mourey, of Farm- 
 ington, with whom he remained working on the farm until his majority. On Jime 
 30, 1861, he married Amanda M. Soule, a daughter of Elisha and Polly Soule, to 
 which union have been born seven children, viz: Stella F., Grant and Daisy, all 
 of whom are dead; James E., a resident of Philadelphia; "Wesley G., a resident of 
 Corning; Votcott E. and Alfred. On September 2, 1864, Mr. Bowen enlisted in 
 Company H, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served with 
 his regiment until the close of the war. In August, 1865, he bought the Preston 
 farm in Farmington township, where he lived until 1873, in which year he located 
 upon his father-in-law's homestead, which has since been his place of residence. 
 He also owns a home in Tioga. Mr. Bowen is a member of Tioga Eiver Lodge, 
 No. 797, I. 0. 0. F., of Tioga, and both he and his wife are charter members of 
 Fair View Grange, No. 817, of Farmington. In polities, he is a Eepublican. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bowen are members of Farmington Hill Presbyterian church. 
 
 Hbney Smith, a native of Jasper, Steuben county, New York, was bom Jan- 
 uary 39, 1813, and came to Nelson, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, before attaining 
 his majority, where he worked by the month. After his maniage he settled in 
 Nelson township permanently. In early manhood he engaged in lumbering, in 
 which business he continued several years, and later followed agriculture, clearing 
 and improving the farm now occupied by his son-in-law, Jerome L. Bosard, upon 
 which he resided until his death, in January, 1894. He married Phoebe M. Cook, 
 a daughter of John Cook, of Nelson, to which union were born seven children, viz: 
 "Willard, Priscilla, widow of James E. Peters; Elizabeth, wife of Charles E. Howland; 
 Maria, wife of Harry Baxter; John E., Alice, wife of Jerome L. Bosard, and Frances, 
 wife of Walter Pease. Mr. Smith was an ardent Eepublican, and in religion, a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 John E. Smith was born in Nelson township, Tioga county, January 8, 1848, 
 and is a son of Henry Smith. He was reared in his native township, ajid was 
 educated in the public schools and Union Academy. Since 1870 he has been engaged 
 in farming in Fajmington township. On December 23, 1868, he married Catherine, 
 a daughter of Eobert and Susan (House) Casbeer, of Farmington, and has four 
 children, viz: Henry B., Lena E., Susan H., and Phoebe M. Politically, Mr. 
 Smith is a Eepublican, and has served three years as constable and collector of his 
 township. He is a member of the F. & A. M., the I. 0. 0. F., and the P. of H. so- 
 cieties, and is one of the prominent farmers of this vicinity. 
 
 "William Baxter, a native of Delaware county. New York, bom in 1803, was 
 a son of Nathan Baxter, a Eevolutionary soldier, and came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, about 1836. He settled in Nelson, where he engaged in the manufacture 
 of fumiture for several years, but later located on a farm in Farmington township, 
 where he resided until his death. His wife, Eachel, was a daughter of James Paul, 
 of Delaware county, New York, and bore him four children, viz: Sarah A., who 
 married Myron A. Johnson; Alva, William H., and Adeline, who married Henry 
 Mourey. Mr. Baxter was a Democrat, and though not a member of any church, 
 was a regular attendant at the services of the Methodist Episcopal society. 
 
 Alva Baxteh, eldest son of William Baxter, was bom in Delaware county. 
 New York, July 6, 1829, and came to Tioga county with his parents when about 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §25 
 
 seven yeaxs old. He attended the common schools of Nelson, and later learned the 
 carpenter's trade, which he has followed more or less ever since. About 1863 he 
 settled on the farm he now occupies in Faxmington township, embracing 180 acres 
 of land, the greater part of which he has cleared and improved. In 1855 he mar- 
 ried Lorency Gleason, a daughter of Warren and Sarah A. (Treat) Gleason, of 
 Farmington. Three children have been bom to them, viz: Sarah A., Eachel, wife 
 of Charles Davenport, and Edmn. Mr. Baxter is a Democrat, in politics, and has 
 been assessor of Fannington several times. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and 
 the P. of H., and is one of the leading farmers of his township. 
 
 JuLiFS A. Phelps Mas bom in New England, April 19, 1803. His parents, 
 Oliver and Eoxanna Phelps, natives of New England, were pioneers of Nelson town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where both resided until their death. They 
 had six children, viz: Lydia, who married Gershom Clark; Julius A., Gilbert, 
 Oliver, George W., and Fidelia, who jnarried Joseph White. The subject of this 
 sketch settled in Mansfield, Tioga county, in early manhood, and was engaged in 
 farming in that locality up to 1842, when he removed to Farmington township, to 
 the farm now owned by his son, Warren. He cleared and improved this property, 
 and resided on it until his death, January 2, 1883. His wife, Clarissa, was a daugh- 
 ter of Benjamin Worden, of Potter county, Pennsylvania, and bore him five chil- 
 dren, as follows: Maria, M'ho married Charles Webster; Caroline, who became the 
 wife of Benjamin Powers; Wesley, Orilla, wife of Ambrose Place, and Warren. 
 
 WakbejST Phelps, youngest child of .Julius A. Phelps, was bom in Mansfield, 
 Tioga county, October 9, 1838, and was reared on the old homestead in Farmington 
 township. He attended the common schools of his district, and has lived upon 
 his present farm, which was settled by his father, since he was three years old. 
 February 24, 1858, he married Maria Teaehman, a daughter of Abram and Louisa 
 (Brimmer) Teaehman, of Osceola. In politics, he is a Democrat, is a member of 
 the I. 0. 0. P., and is one of the substantial farmers of his township. 
 
 Eetjben- H. Close was bom at Locke, Cayuga coxmty, New York, November 
 20, 1832, a son of Peter M. and Lucretia (Holmes) Close. He came with his parents 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled in the southeastern part of Farmington 
 township, on the farm now occupied by E. W. Close. He remained at home until 
 his majority, and for a few years after he was engaged in the nursery business at 
 Elmira, New York. On September 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty- 
 fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and soon after entering the service he was commis- 
 sioned second lieutenant of that company. He was, however, taken sick and was 
 honorably discharged for disability about a year later. Mr. Close was married 
 February 16, 1864, to Esther 0. Hurlbut, a daughter of Lyman and Caroline (Sco- 
 viUe) Hurlbut, of Lawrence township, to which union have been born the following 
 children: Carrie H., wife of Frank M. Leonard, a lawyer of Wellsville, New York- 
 Mary A., Eandolph E., who died at the age of tw.enty-four; William E Mead P ' 
 Fred, deceased, and one that died in infancy. Mr. Close was engaged in merchan'- 
 dismg at Farmington Hill for a few years after the war, and later purchased a farm 
 of 110 acres, where he has since resided, owning one of the best improved farms in 
 the township. He devotes his whole attention to the cultivation and improvement 
 of his land, and makes a specialty of fruit growing. He has served as a school 
 
826 HISTORY OF TIOGA OOITNTT. 
 
 director for twenty-five years, being either secretary or treasurer of the board during 
 this period, with the exception of one year, and has also filled the offices of assessor 
 or assistant assessor for fifteen years and those of township clerk or treasurer for 
 ten consecutive years. Mrs. Close is a member of Farmington Hill Presbyterian 
 church. He is connected with the Masonic order, and is also a charter member of 
 Wallace Bogart Post, No. 363, G. A. E., of Nelson. 
 
 Jacob B. Doan was bom in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, and was a 
 son of Joshua Doan. He came from Scipio, New York, to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1841, and after drifting about the county for some years, finally settled 
 in Chatham township, where he cleared and improved a farm, in the meantime work- 
 ing at the carpenter's trade. He died upon the homestead in 1887. His wife was 
 Sally Churchill, and bore him seven children, viz: Andrew J., Elizabeth, who mar- 
 ried Charles Lines; Eliza, wife of Nathan Bard; Sylvester, who married Polly 
 Butler; Mary, wife of Albert Baker; Sally, wife of George Baker, and Jacob, who 
 married Mary Owlett. Mr. Doan was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 He was originally an adherent of the Whig party, later a Eepublican, and finally 
 an advocate of the Greenback doctrines. 
 
 Andeew Jackson- Boas was born in Scipio, New York, July 8, 1833, and 
 came to Tioga county with his parents in 1841, where he has since lived. He learned 
 the carpenter's trade, and followed that business for fifteen years. In 1868 he 
 located in Farmington township, and since 1872 he has resided on the farm he now 
 occupies, comprising 100 acres, the greater part of which he has cleared and im- 
 proved. In 1857 he married Melissa E. Eowley, a daughter of Orlando and Jane 
 Eowley, of Farmington, and has one daughter, Nellie E. Politically, he is a Pro- 
 hibitionist; has been mercantile appraiser of Tioga county, and has served as justice 
 of the peace four years. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and is one of Farming- 
 ton's progressive citizens. 
 
 Charles Blanchaed, Se., a native of New England, settled in Lawrence town- 
 ship, Tioga county, about 1803, a few years later removing to Lancaster county, 
 and thence to Hairisburg, where he died. He was widely known as a contractor 
 on public works, and in the construction of public roads, canals, etc., during the 
 early years of the century. His wife was a Miss Bigelow, and they were the parents 
 of the following children: Ebenezer, Duodatus, Sylvanus, Charles, Hopestill, Han- 
 nah, who manied Samuel Snow; Abigail, who married Hosea Ballon; Esther, 
 Aurilla, Ira and Lodema. 
 
 Chaeles Blanchaed was born in Whitehall, New York, April 11, 1795, a 
 son of Charles Blanchard, Sr., and came to Tioga county with his parents when 
 about seven years of age. Before attaining his majority he assisted in clearing and 
 improving the farm in Lawrence township upon which his father settled, and there 
 lived the remaining years of his life, dying July 11, 1878. He married Lovina Ham- 
 mond, a daughter of Josiah Hammond, of Elkland, who became the mother of nine 
 children, viz: Oliver H., Hopestill, Eebecca A., wife of Chester B. Hoyt; Cal- 
 phurnia, wife of William Phelps; Jane E., wife" of J. L. Hurlbut; Charles, Emily, 
 wife of M. Eandolph; Myra and Lewis. Mr. Blanchard was one of the organizers 
 of the Presbyterian church of Nelson, of which he was a deacon many years. In 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §27 
 
 politics, he supported the Eepublican party. He was a man of strict temperance 
 habits, and a member of the first temperance society organized in Tioga county. 
 
 Olivee H. BiANCHAED, eldest child of Charles and Lo-vina Blanehard, was bom 
 in Lawrence township, Tioga county, March 4, 1833, and was reared to manhood 
 on the old homestead. In 1850 he settled in Farmington township, and cut the 
 first stick of timber on the farm he now occupies, and upon which he has lived for 
 nearly half a century. Mr. Blanehard has been twice married. January 13, 1853, 
 he married Emily J., daughter of Hopestill and Myra (Kirk) Blanehard, of Tioga 
 county, who bore him five children, viz:. Charles, deceased; Mary, wife of Dr. A. 
 H. Forsythe; "William P., Chester H. and Frank E. His second maxriage occurred 
 September 36, 1866, to Mary J. Mulford, a daughter of Benjamin S. and Eaehel 
 (Locke) Mulford, of Fannington, to which union have been bom two children, 
 Oliver B. and Charles E. Mr. Blanehard is a member of the Presbyterian church, 
 and also of the I. 0. 0. F. In politics, a Eepublican, he was the first nominee of 
 that party for the office of county treasurer of Tioga county, to which he was elected, 
 and served a fuU term of two years. 
 
 Chaeles Oudeekiek was bom in Onondaga county, New York, September 
 10, 1816, a son of Meholas and Catharine Ouderkirk, and came of Dutch ancestry. 
 In 1844 he located in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, whence he removed 
 to Farmington township in 1851, locating on the farm now occupied by his sou, 
 Linsford. This he cleared and improved, and erected all of the buildings. His 
 wife, Euby, was a daughter of Linsford and Mary (Taylor) Coates, pioneers of Elk- 
 land, who bore him four children, viz: Linsford, Kate, wife of Frank Tubbs; Mor- 
 gan, and Diantha, wife of Frank L. Hood. Mr. Ouderkirk was a Eepublican, but 
 took no active interest in public affairs. He died March 30, 1893, and his wife, 
 Euby, May 36, 1895. Both are buried in Highland cemetery, at Elkland. 
 
 LiNSFOED Oudeekiek, eldest son of Charles Ouderkirk, was bom in Hector, 
 Potter county, Pennsylvania, July 33, 1843, and was an infant when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. He grew to manhood in this county, and obtained a good 
 education in the Osceola High School and the State Normal School, at Mansfield. 
 He has followed farming and teaching as his principal vocation, and has taught fall 
 and winter terms for the past twenty years. Since 1851 he has lived upon the old 
 homestead, which he now owns. In 1882 he was postal clerk on the Cowanesque 
 division of the Fall Brook railroad. Politically, Mr. Ouderkirk is a Eepublican, and 
 in religious belief, a close communion Baptist. 
 
 Ehodes W. Hall was born in Hancock, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, May 
 8, 1833, a son of Eeuben HaJl. On August 33, 1851, he married Jane A. Knight, 
 and in the spring of 1853 settled in Farmington township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and became a partner with his cousin, G. M. Hall, who still resides in 
 that township. He purchased 100 acres of land of Hiram Merritt, which he cleared 
 up. He then bought 100 acres of the Bingham estate. In 1873 he purchased from 
 A. J. Fisk 186 acres and cleared 160 acres in one fallow. He died April 4, 1883. 
 His wife, Jane A., was a daughter of Caleb Knight, of Eensselaer county. New 
 York. She bore him six children, who grew to maturity, viz: Alpha, who died in 
 1874; Lyman, Emma, wife of Charles L. Beiver; Nettie, Anna, wife of 0. L. 
 Ashdown, and Jennie, wife of William Butler. Mrs. Hall died in September, 1894'. 
 
828 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hall were members of the Methodist Episcopal chiirch, and Mr. Hall 
 was an adherent of the Eepubliean party. 
 
 Lyman Hall was born in Parmington township, Tioga county, Jame 23, 1859, 
 and is a son of Ehodes W. and a grandson of Eeuben Hall, pioneers of the same 
 township. He obtained a common school education, and learned the blacksmith's 
 trade, subsequently spending several years in Colorado. He also followed farming 
 on the old homestead for eight years, a part of which he now owns, but since 1892 
 he has conducted a blacksmith shop in Nelson. On December 4, 1883, Mr. Hall 
 married Katie M., a daughter of Alanson and Esther (Young) Buckbee, pioneers of 
 Farmington township, and has four children liying: Alta, Floyd, Beimie and 
 Philip. Mr. Hall is a Republican, in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. E. and the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Stephen Maetin, Sr., was born in Eichmond, Cheshire county, ISTew Hamp- 
 shire, in 1802, a son of Wilderness Martin, the first white child born in that town. 
 His father was a farmer by occupation, and in religious belief, a QuaJcer. Stephen 
 was reared in New Hampshire, and from 1826 to 1855 was a resident of Vermont. 
 In the latter year he settled in Farmington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he followed farming until 1882. He then removed to Westfield, where he 
 died in 1889. His wife, Esther, was a daughter of Eeuben Bemis, of Springfield, 
 Vermont, and bore him six children, viz: Amy, who married Zimri Allen; Ansel 
 H., Almon P., Louisa, wife of John Felker; Eeuben B. and Stephen. Mr. Martin 
 was a supporter of the Eepubliean party. 
 
 Stephen Maetin, youngest child of Stephen Martin, Sr., was bom in Barton, 
 Orleans county, Vermont, July 21, 1835, there grew to manhood, and received an 
 academical education. He came to Tioga county with his parents in 1855, and for 
 twenty years taught school during the winter seasons and followed farming in the 
 summer. He lived in Farmington township until 1882, when he removed to West- 
 field, which has since been his home. On March 26, 1864, Mr. Martin enlisted in 
 Company I, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was 
 in the engagements in front of Petersburg, and Weldon Eailroad. In September, 
 
 1864, his regiment was ordered to Philadelphia, where it remained until May 11, 
 
 1865, when his company was sent to McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania, on detached 
 duty, and was mustered out of service August 8, 1865. Mr. Martin married Ann 
 Smith, a daughter of Philemon and Mahala (Beach) Smith, of Chatham township, 
 June 10, 1857. Six children are the fruits of this marriage, viz: Armenia, de- 
 ceased; Lawrence S., Clarence E., Philip Sheridan, Ernest and Fred. Politically, 
 Mr. Martin is a Eepubliean, and is a member of the K. of H., and the G. A. E.' 
 societies. 
 
 Laweence S. Martin, eldest son of Stephen Martin, was bom in Farmington 
 township, on the farm where he now resides, November 16, 1859. With the excep- 
 tion of twelve yeajs, he has always lived on the old homestead. On November 1 
 1882, he married Jane Owlett, a daughter of Gilbert and Sarah (Temple) Owlett' 
 of Middlebury township. Mr. Martin is a stanch Eepublicaji, and is a member of 
 the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Lewis Beiver was bom in Berks county, Pennsylvania, May 10, 1827, and served 
 aa apprenticeship to the tanner's trade at Jonestown, Pennsylvania. About 1849 
 
biogeaphioal sketches. 829 
 
 lie came to Nelson, Tioga county, where he was employed in the Blaekwell tannery 
 up to 1863. He then purchased a farm in Farmington township, now owned and 
 occupied by his son, Charles L., which he partially cleared and improved, and 
 there died in February, 1885. His wife, Eliza, was a daughter of Charles and Mary 
 A. (Chandler) Lugg, of Farmington, and was the mother of three children, two of 
 whom grew to maturity, viz: Mary D., wife of E. W. Close, and Charles L. Mr. 
 Beiver served in the army during the Eebellion, as a member of Company H, Two 
 Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Vohmteers. Politically, he was a Eepublican, 
 was connected with the I. 0. 0. F. and K. of H. societies, and was a member of the 
 Presbyterian church. 
 
 Charles L. Beivee, son of Lewis Beiver, was born in Nelson, Tioga county, 
 March 5, 1859, and grew to manhood in Farmington township. He obtained a good 
 education in the common schools and State Normal School, Mansfield. In 1881-83 
 he was book-keeper for a mining company at Hillsboro, New Mexico, and the balance 
 of his life has been spent on the old homestead, where he has prosecuted farming 
 quite successfully. Mr. Beiver was married October 31, 1883, to Emma Hall, a 
 daughter of Ehodes W. and Jane A. (Knight) Hall, of Farmington, and has two 
 sons, Claude H. and Clyde A. In politics, he is a Eepublican, has held the office of 
 school director in his township, and has been secretary of the school board for nine 
 years. He is one of the most intelligent and progressive citizens of his township. 
 
 NELSOJT BOEOUGH. 
 
 Joseph Campbell, Se., a native of Scotland, came from the north of Ireland 
 to Pennsylvania, in 1810, locating in what is now Nelson borough, Tioga county, 
 on the farm now owned by his grandson, Joseph D. Campbell, where he resided 
 until his death. His wife was Mary Harper, and their children were as follows: 
 John, Sally, who married Samuel Hazlett; Jane, who married John Hazlett; Wil- 
 liam, who died young; Joseph, Elizabeth, who married Eichard Ellison; James, and 
 Mary, who married a Mr. Gibson. Mr. Campbell was a very strict Presbyterian, 
 and it is said that in maple-sugar season he woiild turn over his sap-buckets on 
 Saturday night, and would not permit any work to be performed on the Sabbath 
 day, even forbidding the cooking of food for family use. In politics, he was a 
 Democrat. 
 
 Joseph Campbell, Je., son of Joseph Campbell, Sr., was born in Scotland in 
 1793, and came with his parents to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1810. He soon 
 after took up 350 acres of land in Nelson township, upon which he resided until 
 his death, in 1864. In 1833 he manied Anne Clinch, a daughter of Thomas Clinch. 
 She was born in England, and became the mother of twelve children, eleven of whom 
 grew to maturity, viz: William, Sally, who married Benjamin D. Congdon; Mary 
 A., who married Allen Seely; Eleanor, who married M. D. Bosard; Elizabeth, who 
 married Daniel H. Hughey; Phoebe, who married William Hoyt; Jane, who became 
 the wife of George Ttibbs; John H., Joseph D., Maria, wife of James Loop, and 
 Julia, wife of Edward Selph. Mr. Campbell was a member of the Presbyterian 
 church at Nelson, which he assisted in organizing, and was a deacon and elder in 
 that body. Politically, he was a Eepublican. 
 
 John H. Campbell, son of Joseph Campbell, Jr., was born in Nelson town- 
 
330 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 ship, Tioga county, January 12, 1836. He was educated in the common schools 
 of his district, in the Wellsboro High School, and at Union Academy, and com- 
 menced his business life as a farmer in Farmington township. In August, 1864, 
 he enlisted in Company H, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 was in the battles of Fort Steadman, Dutch Gap and Petersbiirg. In June, 1865, 
 he was honorably discharged at Alexandria, Virginia. On his return home he 
 engaged as a traveling salesman for a firm in Corning, New York, but since 1867 
 he has followed the general insuranc-e business at Nelson. On February 10, 1858, 
 Mr. Campbell married Calfurnia L. Bottum, a daughter of Nathan and Betsey 
 (Lockwood) Bottum, of Tyrone, New York, and has two children, Adelbert E., and 
 Luella B., wife of Philip E. Young. Mr. Campbell and wife are members of the 
 Presbyterian church of Nelson, and he is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. In politics, 
 he is a Kepublican, and has held various local offices. 
 
 Adelbeet E. Campbell was born in Farmington township, Tioga county, De- 
 cember 19, 1859, and is the only son of John H. Campbell. He received a common 
 school education, and engaged in the general insurance business with his father at 
 Nelson, with whom he was in partnership five years. In 1886 he embarked in 
 business for himself at Nelson, but removed to Elkland in the spring of 1891, where 
 he conducted a successful insurance business until January 1, 1896, when he sold 
 out and removed to Elmira, New York, where he is now engaged in the fire insurance 
 business. On April 6, 1882, he married Carrie Sebring, a daughter of Siras and 
 Almira (Fenno) Sebring, of Tyrone, New York, and has two children, J. Harvey 
 and William S. In politics, Mr. Campbell is a Eepubliean, and is recognized as an 
 enterprising and progressive young business man. 
 
 Joseph D. Campbell was bom in Nelson, Tioga county, December 29, 1839, 
 and is the youngest son of Joseph Campbell, Jr. He was educated in the public 
 schools and Union Academy, and remained working on the old homestead farm until 
 1866. For the succeeding five years he was in the mercantile business at Nelson. 
 From 1871 to 1876, he was in partnership with his brother, John H., in the general 
 insurance business, but since the latter year he has been a member of the firm of 
 J. Bottom & Company, of Nelson, wholesale and retail dealers in coal, grain, pressed 
 hay, etc. From 1879 to 1881, this firm had a large commission house in New York 
 City, and from 1880 to 1883 were the proprietors of a wholesale grain and feed store 
 at Elkland, Tioga county. They were afterwards proprietors of a general flour and 
 feed store at Harrison Valley, Potter county, where, in 1883, they erected a building 
 suitable for carrying on that business. This firm took an active part in securing- 
 the right of way for, and in building the Cowanesque branch of the Fall Brook 
 railroad, of which Mr. Campbell has been station agent at Nelson since 1879. He 
 was married December 2, 1862, to Dolly Bottom, a daughter of Charles and Phoeb& 
 (Pierce) Bottom, to which union have been born three children, viz: Grace, wife of 
 G. W. Buck, of Elmira; Myra and Phoebe, the last two of whom are dead. Politically, 
 Mr. Campbell is a Eepubliean, and in religious faith, an adherent of the Presbyterian, 
 church. He is a charter member of Nelson Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., has held most of the 
 offices in Nelson borough, including justice of the peace for ten years, and ha& 
 served two terms as burgess. He is a gentleman of commendable enterprise and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. §31 
 
 public spirit, and has done his full share towards promoting the best interests of 
 the Cowanesque valley. 
 
 Walter Bottom, formerly spelled "Bottum," was a native of Connecticut, and 
 settled in Nelson, Tioga county, Pennsybania, in. 1837. He built a mill and was 
 engaged in lumbering for many years, dying there at the age of seventy-five. His 
 wife was Dolly Clark, and their children were as follows: Eliza, who married Gilbert 
 Phelps; Walter, Dolly, who married Leander Culver; Charles, Sally, who married 
 William Clark; Nathan, and Sophronia, who became the wife of Jacob Brooks. 
 
 Charles Bottom, son of Walter Bottom, was a native of Connecticut, and came 
 with his parents to Nelson township, Tioga county, in 1837. On attaining his 
 majority he settled in Farmington township, where he cleared and improved one 
 of the largest farms in the township, upon which he lived upwards of thirty-fiv.e 
 years, and then removed to Nelson, which has since been his home. His wife, 
 Phoebe, is a daughter of Cromwell Pierce, of Farmington township. They are the 
 parents of five children, three of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Dolly, wife 
 of Joseph D. Campbell; Jerome, and Eebeeea, widow of Eobert Lugg. Mr. Bottom 
 has been a life-long member of the Presbyterian church, and has been a Republican 
 since the organization of that party. 
 
 Jerome Bottom was bom in Farmington township, Tioga county, January 31, 
 1843, and is the only son of Charles Bottom. He was reared on the old homestead, 
 and attended the pubHc schools of his district in boyhood, also assisting his parents 
 in the duties of the farm. In 1861 he commenced buying and shipping stock, in 
 which he continued for some years. Since 1876 he has been the senior member of 
 the firm of J. Bottom & Company, wholesale and retail dealers in coal, grain, 
 pressed hay, etc. Mr. Bottom has been in business at Nelson since 1870, and a resi- 
 dent of the town since 1879. He was prominent and active in securing the right of 
 way for, and in the construction of the Fall Brook railroad, and in 1875 shipped the 
 first car load of pressed hay over that road to New York City. Januajy 8, 1861, he 
 married Mary Eedfield, a daughter of Joseph B. and Ann (Lee) Eedfield, of Farm- 
 ington township. Mr. Bottom is a stanch Eepublican, and is recognized as one of 
 the public-spirited and substantial business men of the Cowanesque valley. 
 
 Samuel Eathbun, a native of Massachusetts, was an early settler o| Nelson town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, locating on the farm now occupied by Mrs. 
 Mariam Eathbun, widow of his oldest son, Henry. He cleared and improved this 
 property, and continued to reside there until his death, in 1845, and was buried on 
 the homestead, where all of the deceased members of the Eathbun family have been 
 interred. His wife, Jane Vroman, who died March 18, 1876, was a native of the 
 Mohawk valley, and bore him eleven children, named as follows: Henry, Mary, 
 who married Henry Dinninny; Eliza, second wife of William Heysham; John' 
 Susan, who married Philip Perkins; Betsey, first wife of William Heysham; Orsemus. 
 who died December 7, 1896; Samuel, Thomas, Job and G. M. Dallas. Mr. Eathbun 
 was one of the leading citizens of his day in the Cowanesque valley, and in addition 
 to farming, he was associated with Joel Parkhurst, of Elkland, in the lumber busi- 
 ness for some years. He assisted in clearing the land in Wellsboro whereon the 
 present court house stands. In politics, he was a Democrat. 
 
 Henry Eathbun was bom in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, March 6, 1816, and 
 
g32 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 was a son of Samuel Rathbun, who soon afterwards located in Nelson township, 
 where Henry spent nearly all his life, engaged in farming. He married Mariam 
 Owen, a daughter of Ambrose and Betsey (Wright) Owen, of Addison, New York, 
 January 16, 1844, to which union were bom nine children, who grew to maturity, 
 named as follows: Eosetta, wife of Emory Bland; Elizabeth J., wife of Theodore 
 Smith; Diantha, wife of John E. Mack; Lydia, wife of Frank Congdon; Julia, 
 wife of "William Cady; Cora, wife of i'rank Kice; Tressa, deceased wife of William 
 Eice; Carrie, wife of Herbert Dunning, and George Dell. Mr. Eathbun died August 
 19, 1871. He was an ardent Democrat, and served one term as treasurer of Tioga 
 county. He was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and one of the most respected citizens 
 of the community in which he lived. 
 
 Job Eathbitn was born in Nelson township, Tioga county, March 18, 1841, 
 and is a son of Samuel Eathbun. He grew to manhood upon the old homestead, 
 and attended the common schools and Union Academy during his boyhood days. 
 For many years he was engaged in farming in Nelson township, and spent nine years 
 in the west, where he followed lumbering in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and 
 Iowa. He has been a resident of Elkland since 1889, where for three years he con- 
 ducted a milk route, but since 1893 he has been in the lumber business. He still 
 owns a farm in Nelson township. Mr. Eathbun was married March 7, 1869, to Susie 
 Tubbs, a daughter of Benjamin and Susan (Bowman) Tubbs, of Westfleld, and has 
 one son, Benjamin S. Mr. Eathbun is a member of the E. A. U., and in politics, 
 an ardent Democrat. 
 
 Geoege Henet Baxtee was bom in Tuscarora, Steuben county. New York, 
 November 9, 1824, and is a son of Ira and Betsey (Manley) Baxter, and grandson of 
 Eev. Aaron Baxter. The latter was bom in Connecticut, in 1766, a son of Aaron 
 Baxter, both of whom served in the War of the Eevolution. Ira and his father 
 removed from Connecticut to Schoharie county. New York, and subsequently to 
 Chenango county, early in the present century. Ira afterwards settled in Steuben 
 county, where for a number of years before his death, which occurred in 1838, he 
 was a justice of the peace. George Henry Baxter was reared in his native town, 
 and there received a common school education. In 1849 he located in Nelson, 
 Tioga countyj Pennsylvania, where he engaged in merchandising, which he fol- 
 lowed the greater part of his time up to 1880. Mr. Baxter was twice married. In 
 1845 he married Clarissa Campbell, of Nelson. His second marriage occurred in 
 1850, to Clara Manley, a daughter of Thomas and Betsey (Wright) Manley, of 
 Canton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania. Her grandfather, Charles Wright, was 
 a Eevolutionary soldier, and her father a soldier in the War of 1812. She bore 
 him five children, viz: Nora, Telia F., Eva, wife of J. E. Hazlett; Susan, wife of 
 M. F. Cass, and Calvin S. Politically, he was a Eepublican, was postmaster at 
 Nelson from 1860 to 1880, associate judge of Tioga county from 1880 to 1885, and 
 from 1889 to 1892 he filled the office of jury commissioner. Mr. Baxter was a 
 member of the Presbyterian church, and belonged to the I. 0. 0. F. After giving 
 up merchandising he engaged in farming, which he followed the latter years of his 
 life. 
 
 Calvin S. Baxtee, physician and surgeon, is a son of Judge George Henry 
 and Clara (Manley) Baxter, and was bom in Tuscarora, New York, October 8, 1860. 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 833 
 
 He was reared in Nelson, Tioga county, and was educated in the public schools and 
 at the literary institute of Franklin, New York. In 1878 he commenced his medical 
 studies with Dr. A. M. Loop, of Nelson, and graduated at the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1883. For five years he practiced his pro- 
 fession in Carbon county, Pennsylvania, locating in Nelson in 1887, where he has 
 since devoted his attention to its active duties and is recognized as an able physician. 
 Dr. Baxter has been twice married. His first wife was Hattie Elderkin, a daughter 
 of David and Hattie (Eobinson) Elderkin, of Franklin, New York, who bore him two 
 children, Clara and Florence. His second wife was Mary A. Eenton, a daughter 
 of James and Mary (Whitney) Eenton, of Elmira, New York. The Doctor is a 
 member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, also of the F. & A. M. and 
 the I. 0. 0. F., and in politics, he is a Eepublican. Dr. Baxter lives on a part of 
 the land settled and improved by his great grandfather, Eev. Aaron Baxter, whose 
 wife, Abigail Webster, was a direct descendant of Gov. John Webster. 
 
 Jerome L. Bosaed was born in Osceola, Tioga county. May 39, 1849, and is 
 the third son of Andrew Keller Bosard, and grandson of Andrew Bosard. He was 
 reared upon the homestead farm and obtained his education in the Osceola High 
 School. He learned the carpenter's trade with his father, which he has followed more 
 or less since attaining his majority. With the exception of three years, from 1883 
 to 1885, that he spent in Dakota, he has been a resident of Nelson since 1871. Mr. 
 Bosard was married May 9, 1871, to Alice M. Smith, a daughter of Henry and 
 Phoebe M. (Cook) Smith, of Nelson, and has three children: Myra L., Andrew K. 
 and Edith M. In politics, Mr. Bosard is a Eepublican, and in religion, a Pres- 
 byterian. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the K. 0. T. M. societies. 
 
 Chakles M. Pheston- was born in Steuben county, New York, March 8, 1853. 
 His father, Aaron 0. Preston, a native of Massachusetts, married Ann Olcott, and 
 in 1857 located in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he carried on a 
 hotel for several years. He was the father of three children, viz: Charles M., 
 William 0. and Emma L. He died in Elkland in 1884, aged sixty-five years. 
 . Charles M. was about four years old when his parents came to Tioga county, where 
 he grew to manhood. In the spring of 1880 he went to Dakota, where he spent 
 nine years, and then returned to Tioga county. He has since devoted his atten- 
 tion to farming, and is one of the substantial farmers of Nelson township. Mr. 
 Preston was married December 33, 1887, to Ellen Tubbs, a daughter of Philip and 
 Betsey (Spencer) Tubbs, of Nelson, and has two children, Otis and Ernest Politi- 
 cally, he is a Eepubhcan, and is at present serving as one of the school directors of 
 Nelson. 
 
 William B. Stetens, physician and surgeon, was born at Campbell, Steuben 
 county. New York, January 1, 1865, a son of Ealph and Margaret (Gilmore) 
 Stevens, and is of English and Scotch extraction. He was reared in his native 
 county, and there obtained a public school education. He entered a drug store at 
 Campbell, New York, and served an apprenticeship of four years at that business. 
 In 1884 he established a drug store at Elkland, Tioga county, which he carried on 
 two years, and the following two years conducted a similar business at Harrison 
 Valley, Potter county. In 1885 he began the study of medicine with Dr. M. E. 
 Pritchard, of Harrison Valley, and in 1888 entered Jefferson Medical College, Phila- 
 
 53 
 
834 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 delphia, where he graduated in April, 1891. He immediately located at Nelson, 
 Tioga county, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession, and has built up a successful btisiness. Dr. Stevens was married September 
 28, 1887, to Anna M. Gray, a daughter of Eobert T. and Fannie (Brown) Gray, of 
 Corning, New York, and has two daughters, Fannie L. and Margaret. He is an 
 ardent Eepublican, and an earnest advocate of the principles and measures of that 
 party. In religion, he is a Presbyterian, and is a member of the F. & A. M., the 
 I. 0. 0. F., and the K. 0. T. M. societies. 
 
 Eev. Hallock Aemsteong, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Nelson, was 
 born in Minisink, Orange county. New York, October 31, 1823. His parents, 
 James T. and Euth (Hallock) Armstrong, were natives of Orange county, his 
 father's ancestors being Scotch-Irish, and those of his mother early settlers of 
 Connecticut. During the Eevolutionary War his paternal grandfather was con- 
 fined for several months on a British prison ship in New York harbor. His father, 
 a farmer by occupation, removed to Sussex county. New Jersey, in 1830, and thence 
 to Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, in 1838. In his old age he located in Bing- 
 hamton. New York, where he died in March, 1884. His mother died in February, 
 1878, aged seventy-eight years. The subject of this sketch was the second in a 
 family of five children, viz: Frances Maria, deceased wife of Simeon Hanchett; 
 Hallock, of Nelson; Mary Elizabeth, who died in childhood; James Horace, a con- 
 tractor and builder, of Binghamton; Albert D., an attorney at law, who died in 
 Sioux City, Iowa, in 1886. Mr. Armstrong was educated in the public schools 
 and at Lafayette College, graduating from the latter institution in 1848. He then 
 took a course in Princeton Theological Seminary, where he graduated in 1851, and 
 then entered the ministry. He began preaching at Wilkes-Barre, where he preached 
 and taught three years, and then went to Bethany, Genesee county. New York, and 
 taught in the Presbyterian Academy two years, preaching at Portage. He next 
 preached and taught six years at Laporte and Dushore, Sullivan county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and served as county superintendent of schools in that county from 1858 to 
 1861. His next charge was at Monroetown, Bradford county, where he remained 
 nineteen years, seventeen of which he spent in teaching, fourteen being passed in 
 the same school room. In 1864 he was drafted into the army and mustered in as 
 chaplain of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in which capacity he served 
 nearly a year. In 1881 he went to Aspinwall, Bradford county, where he had charge 
 of a congregation for ten years. In July, 1891, he became pastor of the church at 
 Nelson, which position he has since filled acceptably. Mr. Armstrong was married 
 on September 2, 1851, to Mary Bronson, of Harford, New York, a daughter of Eev. 
 Edwin and Mary H. Bronson. Her father died in November, 1893, aged ninety- 
 three; her mother resides with our subject, at the ripe age of eighty-eight. The 
 following children were born to this union: Mary Frances, wife of Charles Myer, 
 of Athens, Bradford county; Charies E., of Troy, Bradford county; A. A., a phy- 
 sician, of Fair Haven, New Jersey; Euth Hallock; William C, a physician, of 
 Eedbank, New Jersey, and James Edwin, a resident of Brooklyn, New York. Mr. 
 Armstrong is a Eepublican, in politics, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. P., K. of p' 
 and G. A. E. societies. Since entering the ministry in 1851, he has lost but two 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §35 
 
 Sundays by reason of illness, and during the last thirty-four years has moved but 
 twice. He is able and scholarly, and, notwithstanding his advanced years, an 
 eloquent preacher. 
 
 ELKLAND B0E0TJ6H. 
 
 LiNTSFOED CoATBS, a native of Otsego county, New York, a son of Timothy 
 and Content (Stuart) Coates, was of English and Scotch extraction. He settled 
 at an early day in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, cleared and improved a 
 farm, and was quite extensively engaged in lumbering. He resided there until his 
 death. He married Mary A. Taylor, of Tioga county, and they were the parents 
 of the following children: Betsey, who married Perry Daily; Timothy, David, 
 Mahala, who married Daniel Parks; Harriet, Euby, who married Charles Ouder- 
 kirk; John, Diana, who married John Daily, and Morgan. 
 
 Timothy Coates, second child and eldest son of Lintsford Coates, was bom 
 in Elkland, Tioga county, July 30, 1812. He there grew to manhood and cleared 
 a farm within the present limits of Elkland borough. The homestead is now occu- 
 pied by his widow and children. Mr. Coates was in the mercantile trade at Elkland 
 for many years, and was also extensively engaged in lumbering. He married Almira 
 B. Johnson, a daughter of Moses and Betsey (Cole) Johnson, of Wellsboro, Novem- 
 ber 11, 1850. Six children were the issue of this union, viz: Mary E., Timothy I., 
 Lintsford M., Franklin N., Edwin W. and Eva L. Mr. Coates was an advocate of 
 temperance in all things, and was a very worthy citizen. He died August 9, 1891, 
 in the eightieth year of his age. In politics, he was a Democrat, and filled the 
 ofQees of councilman and burgess of Elkland. 
 
 LiNTSEOED M. Coates, son of Timothy Coates, was bom in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, February 5, 1856, and attended the public schools of that town in boyhood. 
 In 1879 he embaxked in the livery business, which he continued up to 1886. In 
 that year he formed a partnership with his brother, Edwin "W., under the firm name 
 of E. & L. Coates, and engaged in the general hardware, agricultural implement and 
 harness business, which they have since successfully carried on, doing the leading 
 business in this line in Elkland. Mr. Coates was married in June, 1888, to Ann 
 Taylor, a daughter of Philip S. Taylor, of Osceola, and has one son, Eoy T. In 
 politics, he is a Democrat. 
 
 Edwin- W. Coates, of the firm of E. & L. Coates, was born in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, June 33, 1863, and is a son of Timothy Coates. He received a good com- 
 mon school education, and at the age of seventeen taught one term in Nelson town- 
 ship. In 1886 he became a member of the firm of E. & L. Coates, of Elkland, general 
 hardware and implement dealers, with which he has since been connected. From 
 1885 to 1887, he was collector of taxes for Elkland borough. In politics, he is an 
 adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 Joel Paekhttest was bom at Marlborough, New Hampshire, April 8, 1800, 
 and received a good English education. When seventeen years of age he came to 
 Pennsylvania and located at Loyalsock, I^ycoming county, where he taught a term 
 of school during the winter season. The next winter he taught at Long Reach, 
 near Williamspoi't, and then removed to the vicinity of Painted Post, New York. 
 During the winter of 1832 he taught at Mansfield and studied medicine during his 
 spare hours, his father and several brothers being physicians. Not liking the pro- 
 
836 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 fession, he gave up his studies and entered the government employ as a sun^eyor. 
 While on Lake Erie, en route to Michigan to fulfill this engagement, the steamboat 
 carrying him and othere was overtaken by a storm and compelled to put into Cleve- 
 land for repairs. This delay caused him to change his plans, and he walked to 
 Hteubenville, Ohio, carrying his baggage on his shoulder. Here he purchased a 
 horse and saddle, intending to return to his home in Eiehmond, New Hampshire, 
 which he did, after a short stay in Pittsburg. He clerked two years for a merchant 
 in Eiehmond, accepting goods to the value of $300 for his services. After buying a 
 horse and wagon on credit, he loaded his goods and made his way to Mansfield, 
 Pennsylvania, where his brother, Dr. Dexter Parkhurst, was engaged in the practice 
 of medicine. This was in 1835. After remaining here a short time he went to 
 Lawrenceville and there formed a mercantile partnership with his brother, Dr. 
 Curtis Paxkhurst. In 1838 this partnership was dissolved and he went to Elk- 
 land and entered into partnership with John Eyon and Eobert Tubbs, whose 
 interests he soon aiterwards bought out, and continued the business alone. He was 
 the second postmaster of the village and held the ofi^ce several years. Mr. Park- 
 hurst became the leading merchant of the Cowanesque valley, his business tact and 
 ability enabling him to safely weather the panic and convulsions of 1837. Through 
 the passing years he accumulated a large fortime and became one of the wealthy men 
 of the northern tier. In 1867, in connection with John Parkhurst, he established 
 the banking house of J. & J. Parkhurst, in Elkland, with which he was connected 
 for several years. The Pattison National Bank of Elkland is the lineal successor 
 of that institution. Mr. Parkhurst was also intimately identified with the principal 
 manufacturing enterprises of Elkland during his business career, and did much to 
 forward the growth and prosperity of the borough. Mr. Parkhurst was twice mar- 
 ried. On November 16, 1835, he married Emeline E. Allen, at Cortland, New 
 York. She was bom in Bridgewater, New York, December 13, 1815, and bore him 
 a family of eight children, as follows: Edward J., John C, Sarah M., Anna S., 
 Mary, Prank, Curtis S. and Charles, all of whom died in childhood except Anna 
 S., who became the wife of Charles L. Pattison. Mrs. Parkhurst died in Elkland 
 October 29, 1854. On May 14, 1855, Mr. Parkhurst was again married at Lindley, 
 New York, to Martha H. Steele, to which union were born two children, viz: Susan 
 A., deceased wife of Eev. John B. Grier, and Benjamin H., of Elkland. Mr. Park- 
 hurst died at his home in Elkland, December 6, 1884; his wife survived until Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1889. In religion, he was a Presbyterian, and in politics, an active and 
 influential supporter of the EepubHcan party. He is one of the best remembered 
 citizens of the Cowanesque valley, where he lived for more than half a centurv. 
 
 Chaeles L. Pattison was bom in Chestertown, AVarren county. New York, 
 February 16, 1841, a son of Thurman and Susan W. (Bishop) Pattison. In 1847 he 
 removed with his parents to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where his 
 father was extensively engaged in the lumber business up to 1867. In that year 
 Thurman Pattison removed to Lock Haven, Clinton county, where he continued the 
 same business until 1872. He then retired from active life, and since 1882 he has 
 been a resident of Wellsboro. To Thurman and Susan W. Pattison were bom four 
 children, viz: Orville, Charies L., Mary A. and John. The subject of this sketch 
 was but SIX years of age when his parents came to Tioga county. He was reared in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 837 
 
 Lawrenceville and there received an academical education. During his school days 
 he occasionally assisted his father in rafting and lumbering. In August, 1860, 
 he began clerking in the store of the Fall Brook Coal Company, at Pall Brook, in 
 whose employ he remained ten years, two years of which time he was paymaster and 
 four years cashier. On October 21, 1868, Mr. Pattison married Anna S. Parkhurst, 
 a daughter of Joel and Emeline (Allen) Parkhurst, of Elkland, and in October, 
 1869, he came to Elkland and obtained a half interest in the banking house of J. & 
 J. Parkhurst, the name of which was then changed to J. Parkhurst & Company. It 
 continued until August 1, 1889, when the title was changed to C. L. Pattison & Com- 
 pany, and from June 20, 1890, up to his death, Mr. and Mrs. Pattison were sole pro- 
 prietors. The bank was well and favorably known throughout the Cowaaesque valley 
 and transacted a large business. It was succeeded by the Pattison National Bank, 
 June 2, 1896, so named in honor of the dead financier. Mr. Pattison was secretary 
 and treasurer of the Cowanesque Valley Eailroad Company, since absorbed by the 
 Fall Brook Company, and the chief promoter of the enterprise. He also organized 
 and was president of the Addison and Pennsylvania Eailroad Company, which com- 
 pleted the section from Addison to "Westfield in ninety days and ran a train of cars 
 between those points within that period. lie was president of the Pennsylvania 
 division of the road during the last twelve years of his life. Another of his enter- 
 prises was the Elkland Furniture Factory, which he established in 1883 and kept in 
 operation until its destruction by fire ten years later. Mr. Pattison studied law and 
 was admitted to the bar of Tioga county, September 7, 1888, biit gave no attention 
 to his profession aside from using his legal knowledge to avoid litigation and suc- 
 cessfully guide and manage his many large and diversified interests. He was also 
 a member of the bar association and one of its most liberal friends. He affiliated 
 with the Democratic party up to 1890, since which year he was a Eepublican, though 
 he took no active part in political affairs. He, however, served as burgess of Elk- 
 land from 1894 until his death, April 10, 1896. 
 
 The death of Mr. Pattison was a severe blow to the business interests of the 
 Cowanesque valley, of which he was one of the foremost citizens. This sad event 
 occurred at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, where 
 he had gone with the hope of obtaining relief through a surgical operation for 
 disease of the stomach, but died soon after the operation was performed. The bar, 
 of which he was a member, passed appropriate resolutions on his demise, and several 
 of his legal friends, including the court, spoke warm words of praise on his many 
 excellent qualities as a business man, citizen and friend. Mr. Pattison was a kind- 
 hearted, generous and upright man, courteous in his social relations, and thorough 
 and practical in his business methods. The accuracy and rapidity with which he 
 transacted business, his wonderful capacity for work, his quiet reserve and dignity, 
 and his absolute truthfulness were among the strongest traits of his character. In 
 his death the church and the school lost a liberal supporter and the poor a benevolent 
 friend, to whom suffering humanity never appealed in vain. 
 
 Dr. Edward L. Wilson, of Few York, an old personal friend, pays the following 
 tribute to the memory of Mr. Pattison in the June number (1896) of "Wilson's Pho- 
 tographic Magazine: 
 
838 HiSTOEY or tioga cotjntt. 
 
 Mr. Pattison was the head of the banking- firm of C. L. Pattison & Company, at Elk- 
 land, and was connected with many business enterprises in Tioga and Potter counties. 
 He was an enthusiastic friend and patron of photography. Besides owning a fine 
 camera and assisting others in the practice of our art, he was able, owing to his peculiar 
 opportunities, to do more than usually falls to the lot of the busy man, to create food, 
 so to speak, for the camera. His home was situated at Elkland, in the beautiful Cowan- 
 esque valley, a. few rods from the picturesque river of the same Indian name, where 
 lovely views of hill and valley appear on every side. Mr. Pattison, we say, did more than 
 any one to bring about these sublime combinations of natural scenery. He came into 
 this valley nearly fifty years ago from Chester, New York, with his father (one of the 
 most prominent early settlers). Then the hills were covered with dense forests, and 
 there were no thoroughfares along the Cowanesque. Since then the mines of coal have 
 been developed; the woodsmen, the lumbermen, and the raftsmen have been and are 
 gone; the forests have fallen; well-kept highways now zigzag along each side of the 
 stream and wind over every hill. The rolling stock of two railways may be seen from 
 any incline, ascending, descending, plunging through a valley lined by magnificent 
 farms, the scene varied by many prosperous towns on the way. With the development 
 of all this Charles L. Pattison had to do. His happy school-days were broken into occa- 
 sionally by rafting experiences, many of which were related by him as we strolled to- 
 gether with the camera among the pictures which his industry and enterprise had helped 
 to makei After serving a time as cashier of a great coal company, he in turn became 
 operative farmer; manager of real estate; banker; a party to all sorts of enterprises; 
 a member of the bar; a railroad president and a manufacturer. He never forgot the 
 importance of keeping a photographic record of the many changes which contributed 
 to making the valley of the Cowanesque prosperous and picturesque. He was a noble, 
 warm-hearted, generous man. Prospered unusually, he took the unusual view that wealth 
 was a blessing which should be used to assist others; and so it was his policy to keep 
 his means employed in the development of the community in which he resided. Thus 
 he brought much personal labor upon himself that he need not have undertaken; thus 
 he became the great blessing he was to the people among whom he lived. So, it came 
 about that those who best knew him, most loved him. His w^ord was truth. No one 
 ever thought of doubting what he said. He was manly and brave. One of his mottos 
 (a legacy for all of us) was, "I never dread anything that I feel I ought to do.'' His 
 passing away seems untimely; but as to that we may not judge. A great shadow hangs 
 over all the pictures now; yet we may continue to gather sunshine and inspiration from 
 his busy life. 
 
 Oetillb Pattison, president of the Pattison liational Bank, of Elkland, 
 Tioga county, was bom in Chestertown, Warren county, New York, May 13, 1838, 
 eldest son of Thurman and Susan W. Pattison. In the summer of 1847 he came 
 with his paxents to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, where he graduated from the public 
 schools at the age of nineteen, and later took a course in the Bryant and Stratton 
 Business College, Buffalo, N"ew York. Eetuming home he clerked in a general 
 store at Lawrenceville, and also had charge of the books, which he attended to in the 
 evening after his day's work was done. In May, 1860, he entered the service of the 
 Pall Brook Coal Company, in whose employ he remained more than twenty yeajs. 
 After spending two years at Pall Brook, he was promoted to the position of head 
 book-keeper in the general office at Watkins, Kew York, where he continued until 
 1879, when because of failing health he was appointed agent of the company store 
 at Antrim, Tioga county. In the spring of 1884 he located at Elkland and formed 
 a partnership with his brother, Charles L., and engaged in the manufacture of 
 furniture. He also assisted his brother in the private banking office of J. Parkhurst 
 & Company. He continued in the furniture business until the factory was burned, 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 839 
 
 in January, 1893. In 1890 he entered the bank of C. L. Pattison & Company, of 
 which institution he was cashier until the death of his brother necessitated a re- 
 organization of the business. A^Tven the Pattison National Bank was organized, June 
 2, 1896, Mr. Pattison was elected president, a tribute to his financial abilitj and 
 cajefvil business methods. November 7, 1867, Mr. Pattison married Susie Bloore, 
 daughter of Joshua and Catherine Bloore. Her father died at Waterford, New 
 York, and her mother married Judge George C. Shearer. Her maternal grand- 
 father was a surgeon in the United States navy, and his son was Eear Admiral 
 John A. Livingstone, U. S. N. Mrs. Pattison is the mother of two sons, John 
 Orville and Charles Lewis, twins. Mr. Pattison's early habits of industry and long 
 association with careful business men have fitted him to fill the responsible position 
 he now holds, and to continue the successful financial record established by his 
 deceased brother. 
 
 Geokge Doeeance was born in Columbia, Tolland county, Connecticut, Oc- 
 tober 10, 1802, and was a son of George Gershom and Mary (Crocker) Dorrance, and, 
 grandson of Col. George Dorrajice. The ancestor of the American branch of the 
 Dorrance family, was Eev. Samuel Dorrance, a Presbyterian clergyman, who came 
 from Ireland in 1723, and had charge of the congregation at Voluntown, Con- 
 necticut, upwards of forty years. His son, George Dorrance, was born at Volun- 
 town, March 4, 1736, and became a lieutenant colonel of militia in the Connecticut 
 Line. He was one of the principal officers under Col. Zebulon Butler in his oper- 
 ations against the British and their savage allies. Colonel Dorrance took a lead- 
 ing part in the battle of Wyoming, fought July 3, 1778, and distinguished himself 
 by his great bravery. He fell severely woiinded, was taken prisoner and bratally 
 slain by his Indian captors the following day. As he was highest in rank of the 
 victims of this terrible slaughter, known in history as the Wyoming Massacre, his 
 name is at the head of those inscribed upon the monument erected at Wyoming in 
 1843, in commemoration of their courage and patriotism. In the spring of 1839, 
 the subject of this sketch came to Blkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, then almost 
 a wilderness, and purchased about sixty acres of land, containing a small clearing, 
 erected a little frame house and began farming in true pioneer fashion. He soon 
 afterwards commenced lumbering, and, as the country grew older, he gradually en- 
 larged his operations, until he became one of the most extensive lumbermen in the 
 Cowanesque valley. He was one of the most successful business men in the county, 
 occupied a prominent position in its affairs, and stamped upon the business interests 
 of the community the impress of his own high character. Mr. Dorrance continued 
 to reside upon the old homestead, and, as the years rolled on, he made additions 
 to his farm until he owned 320 acres of well-improved land. In place of the old 
 house, he erected one of more commodious dimensions, which to-day will com- 
 pare favorably with any farm residence in the valley. In August, 1832, he mar- 
 ried Susan Hammond, a daughter of David aad Polly (Tubbs) Hammond, who 
 were among the first settlers of Elkland. Seven children blessed this imion, viz: 
 Lester, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Mary, Sarah, George G. and Charles. Throughout 
 his life, Mr. Dorrance was a generous contributor to the support of all charities 
 having for their object the relief of human suffering. He was honored and respected 
 by all -who knew him, and his purse-strings were ever open in assisting every good 
 
840 HISTOET OP TIOGA COtTNTY. 
 
 work. He did no man intentional -wrong, and his integrity and honesty were never 
 questioned in the community where he spent the greater portion of his life. Politi- 
 cally, he was a JefEersonian Democrat, and during the dark days of civil strife his 
 influence was ever on the side of the Union. He contributed freely towards the 
 payments of bounties of volunteers and the support of their families while they 
 were absent in the field. Mr. Dorranee was a practical farmer, of liberal and ad- 
 vanced ideas, and the farmers of the county have missed his good example in the 
 various improvements which have made the Cowanesque valley one of the garden- 
 spots of the State. He died at his home in Elkland, June 13, 1881, and his re- 
 mains rest in the new cemetery on the hillside, which his own hands helped to 
 beautify and adorn. 
 
 Hon. Benjamin Dokeance, second son of George Dorranee, was bom in Elk- 
 land, Tioga county. May 3, 1836. He was reared on the old homestead, and re- 
 ceived his primary education in the district schools. He later attended Union 
 Aeademj'-, Tioga county, and Alfred University, Allegany county, N"ew York, en- 
 tering the junior class of the latter institution at the age of eighteen, from which 
 he was graduated at the age of twenty, having, in the meantime, taught two or 
 three terms of public school. In 1856 the Eepublican party placed John C. Fremont 
 ia the field as its first presidential candidate, while James Buchanan was the choice 
 of the Democratic party. The campaign resulted in the success of the Democracy. 
 Although still in his minority, Mr. Dorranee took an active part in behalf of the 
 new party, attended mass meetings and torchlight processions, and did his full 
 share towards defraying the expenses. Until the day of his death, he remained 
 true to his early convictions, though all the other members of his family were Dem- 
 ocrats. After the close of his school years, he took charge of his father's extensive 
 lumber interests, making frequent trips down the river on rafts to the various 
 markets, and in the summer seasons assisting in the farm duties. In the early six- 
 ties he entered the copartnership with J. G. Parkhurst and David Dunbar, in the 
 mercantile business at Elkland, with whom he was associated until 1872, when the 
 firm was dissolved. He then embarked in the drug business at Elkland, which he 
 carried on five years. In 1877 he entered the political field as the Eepublican can- 
 didate for the legislature to fill out the unexpired term of Hon. Hugh Young. After 
 a hard and spirited contest he received the nomination, which was ratified at the 
 November election by a rousing majority. In the summer of 1878, he was a candi- 
 date for re-election, for a full term of two years. His party conceded him the nomi- 
 nation by acclamation, and in ISTovember following he was elected by an increased 
 majority, The next session of the legislature was a lengthy and exhaustive one, 
 and just before its close he was compelled to abandon his post on account of failing 
 health. His disease being of a pulmonary character, he went to Colorado, where he 
 spent nearly a year, seeking in vain for the restoration of his health. The winter 
 and spring of 1880 was spent in the south, with the same futile result, and he ar- 
 rived home in June, 1880. Here he spent the summer, aad in the autumn went 
 to Elmira, New York, for medical treatment, but science and skill were unable to 
 cope with his disease, and he died in his rooms at Elmira, June 26, 1881. By 
 strict attention to his business, and honorable dealing, he accumulated a'competency 
 of this worid's goods, which he judiciously disposed of by will ere he died. His 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. §41 
 
 death occurred while he was yet in the prime of manhood, with a future of great 
 promise; but he had lived to good purpose, and his mission was already fulfilled ac- 
 cording to the measure of his years. 
 
 George Geeshom Doekance, third son of George Dorrance, was bom on the 
 old homestead in Elkland township, Tioga county, September 21, 1849, and has 
 spent his entire life in his native place. He obtained a good common school edu- 
 cation, and has devoted his attention to farming. On February 5, 1890, he mar- 
 ried Carrie Bulkley, a daughter of Charles and Mariette (Perry) Bulkley, of Osceola, 
 and has two children: Susan Mariette and George. Mr. Dorrance is one of the 
 progressive and enterprising farmers of Elkland. Like his father, he has always 
 been a Democrat, and has filled various local offices, including that of burgess of 
 Elkland one term, and assessor and councilman about fifteen years each. In 1890 
 he was nominated by his party for the legislature, and ran far ahead of the ticket, 
 thus proving his popularity among the people of his native county. 
 
 AsAHEL Weight was bom in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1789, and was a son of 
 George and Betsey (Post) Wright. When quite young he removed to Greene 
 county, ISTew York, where he learned the miller's trade, and later owned and operated 
 a mill there. In 1844 he came to Tioga county, Peimsylvania, locating in Earm- 
 ington township, where he cleared and improved a farm of 100 acres, during which 
 period he also followed his vocation of miller in Lawrenceville and Nelson. After 
 getting his farm in good shape, he sold it and went to Minnesota, where he in- 
 vested his money in mortgages. After remaining there a number of years, he re- 
 turned to Tioga coimty, and resided in Kelson until his death, at the age of seventy- 
 five. His wife. Temperance Jones, was born at Saybrook, Connecticut, in 1789, 
 and was a relative of John Paul Jones of Eevolutionary fame. She became the 
 mother of nine children, viz: Cordelia A., who married David Stevens; Washington 
 E., Oscar F., Charles B., Chauncey P., William W., Almira A., wife of Alonzo Lee; 
 Omar H. and Judson P. 
 
 William W. Weight, physician and surgeon, was bom in Cairo, Greene coimty. 
 New York, March 31, 1830, and is a son of Asahel and Temperance Wright. He 
 came to Tioga county with his parents in 1844, and was educated in the High 
 Schools of Wellsboro, Tioga county, and Tompkins county, New York. In 1848 
 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Nelson Packer, of Wellsboro, attended 
 lectures at Geneva Medical College, Geneva, New York, and was graduated in the 
 class of 1849-50. In the latter year he commenced practice at Elkland, Tioga 
 county, where, with the exception of four years' residence at Nelson, he has con- 
 tinued in the active duties of his profession for the past forty-seven years. Dr. 
 Wright has been twice married. His first wife, Alice, was a daughter of David and 
 Polly (Tubbs) Hammond, of Elkland; while his second wife was Agnes A. Whitney, 
 of Ohio. He was a member of the old Tioga County Medical Society during its 
 existence, and has always been an ardent supporter of the Eepublican party. 
 
 John T. Wood was bom in Otsego county. New York, in 1797, and in 1836 
 settled in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he cleared and improved a 
 farm, on which he resided until 1868. In that year he removed to what is now the 
 State of South Dakota, where he died June 9, 1871. He was a son of Amos and 
 Ruth Wood, of Otsego county, New York, and came of Quaker ancestry. His wife, 
 
342 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTIN-TT. 
 
 Phoebe, was a daughter of John T. and Betsey (Daxtt) Benedict, formerly of 
 Norwich, Connecticut, who settled in Otsego county, New York, m 1816. Eight 
 children were bom to them, tiz: Eleazer, Edgar, Bligh, Eobert T., Euth, who mar- 
 ried Samuel Hitchcock, Bucklin, Levantia, wife of George W. Benedict, and Lester. 
 CoL. EoBKET T. Wood was bom in Laurens township, Otsego county, New 
 York, Febmary 2, 1830, and is a son of John T. Wood. He was educated at Mill- 
 viUe Academy, Orleans county, and Wilson College, Niagara county, New York. In 
 1850 he began the study of law with Hon. James Lowrey, of Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, and to the Supreme Court of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1869. With the exception of six years spent in what is now South Dakota, 
 and the time he was in the army, he has continued to practice his profession at Elk- 
 land since his admission to the bar. In August, 1861, he raised Company L, Sec- 
 ond Pennsylyania Cavalry, and went to the front as captain of his company. On 
 October 4, 1862, he resigned his commission, by reason of disability. But not con- 
 tented to remain idle while the Nation's life was in danger, he re-enlisted, July 6, 
 
 1864, raised Company H, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and again went to the front as captain of that company. On March 35, 1865, he was 
 promoted to the rank of major, and was mustered out of service June 7, 1865, with 
 the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was wounded in front of Petersburg, April 3, 
 
 1865. For six years he was district attorney of Bon Homme county, in what is now 
 South Dakota. On December 10, 1851, he married Mary E. Culver, a daughter of 
 Leander and Dolly (Bottum) Culver, of Elkland, and has two children, Leander and 
 Jennie. Colonel Wood is a stanch Eepublican, was clerk in the House of Eepre- 
 sentatives in 1869, 1870 and 1871, and has always taken a deep interest in the suc- 
 cess of his party. He has been commander of J. Edgar Parkhurst Post, No. 581, G. 
 A. E., of Elkland, five successive terms, and is a member of the Masonic order and 
 the I. 0. 0. F. In religious faith he adheres to the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Lewis W. Fbnton was born in WoodhuU, Steuben county. New York, June 
 23, 1846, a son of Lewis and Jemima (Eowley) Fenton, and is of American and 
 English descent. Until eleven years of age he resided with his mother, and came 
 to Elkland, Tioga county, in 1858, where he worked for his board, clothes and 
 schooling four years. On October 27, 1861, he enlisted in Company L, Second Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry, served until the fall of 1863, and then re-enlisted as a veteran in 
 the same company and regiment. He was promoted to corporal in the spring of 
 1864, and June 28, 1865, was honorably discharged, after three years and ten 
 months' service. He was taken prisoner by Mosby's command, near Fairfax Court 
 House, Virginia, in 1864, and after six days detention was paroled. He took part 
 in all the important engagements of his regiment, and was a good and brave soldier. 
 After his discharge he returned to Elkland, and was employed on a farm as a 
 teamster four years. In 1869 he went to Scranton, where for two years he was em- 
 ployed as a brakeman on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad. Since 
 1871 he has been a permanent resident of Elkland, and for fourteen years was en- 
 gaged in the livery business. Mr. Fenton was married June 4, 1878, to Sarah Case, 
 a daughter of William John Case, of Tompkins county. New York, and has one son, 
 Lewis Eaymond. Mrs. Fenton died March 13, 1896. On October 4, 1896, he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Lottie Eockwell, nee Earl. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has been 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 843 
 
 a member of the borough council of Elkland three years, and constable twenty-four 
 years. He is a member of J. Edgar Parkhurst Post, No. 581, G. A. E.; the I. 0. 
 0. P., the K. 0. T. M., and the K. of H. societies. 
 
 WiNDSOE Gleason was born in Waxren, Washington county, Vermont, August 
 26, 1837, and is a son, of Windsor and Sophia (Clark) Gleason. He was reared in his 
 native county until eighteen years of age, and attended the district schools of his 
 neighborhood. In 1845 he located at Chester, New Hampshire, remaining there 
 about five years, when he removed to Massachusetts, where he was engaged in farm- 
 ing until 1863. In November of that year he enlisted in the Pirst Massachusetts 
 Heavy Artillery, and participated in all the battles of the Wilderness Campaign. 
 He was wounded near North Anna, Virginia, May 37, 1864, and was honorably dis- 
 charged from the service in June, 1865. The same year he removed to Elkland, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he followed agricultural pursuits until 1888, when 
 he was elected a justice of the peace, to which of&ee he was re-elected in 1893. On 
 July 4, 1850, Mr. Gleason married Mary Angelia Powers, a daughter of David 
 Powers, of Hardwick, Worcester coimty, Massachusetts. Mrs. Gleason was bom in 
 Eichmond, New Hampshire, February 16, 1839. Of the siz children born to this 
 union, three are living, viz: Eugene H., Fred D., and Lottie L., wife of Morgan 
 Ouderkirk. The mother died at her home in Elkland, March 30, 1897, dying, as she 
 had lived, a faithful, consistent Christian. Mr. Gleason is an elder in the Presby- 
 terian church of Elkland, and is a member of the G. A. E., the K. of H., and the B. 
 A. TJ. societies. Politically, he is a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Eugene H. Gleason, eldest son of Windsor Gleason, was bom in Petersham, 
 Massachusetts, October 1, 1851, and was fourteen years old when his parents came 
 to Tioga county. He obtained a good common school education, and since attaining 
 his majority he has been engaged in lumbering, merchandising, dealing in real es- 
 tate, and contracting and building. On December 37, 1873, he married Mary Cady, 
 a daughter of Chester and Catherine (Baxter) Cady, of Farmington township, and 
 has one chUd, Pearl M. Mr. Gleason is a Eepublican, in politics, and a member of 
 the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Samitel Pbbey Babcock was bom in Otsego county, New York, May 9, 1805, 
 and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1838, remaining one year at Lawrenee- 
 ville. In 1840 he settled in Farmington township, where he had purchased 135 
 acres of land, and there made his home until his death, in 1878. He was twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife, Maxamilla Tallman, became the mother of three children, viz: 
 Lucretia, wife of Charles Weeks; Eobert, and Hester A., wife of Luther Bradley. 
 His second wife was Mary Ann CannifE, a daughter of William Canniff, of Broome 
 county. New York. Ten children were born to this union, as follows: William, 
 Oliver Perry, Juliaett, wife of Floyd Wiley; Buell E., Mercy J., Mary E., wife of J. 
 
 D. Seely; Ann E., wife of Job Bronson; Eva, wife of Evlyn Shaw; Dolly, and Samuel 
 
 E. Mr. Babcock was a Democrat, in politics, and in religion, a member of the Free 
 Will Baptist church. 
 
 Oliver Peeby Babcock was born in Farmington township, Tioga county, 
 Febraary 7, 1840, and is a son of Samuel Perry and Mary Ann (Canniff) Babcock. 
 He was reared in his native township, there obtained a common school education, and 
 began his business life as a farmer on the old homestead. In September, 1863, he en- 
 
844 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 listed in Company A, One Hundred and Seventy-first Pennsylvania Volunteera^ and 
 went into the war as second sergeant of his company. He participated in several 
 skirmishes and minor engagements, and was honorably discharged in March, 1863. 
 In September, 1864, he joined Company H, Two Hundred and Seventh regiment, 
 was promoted to first sergeant, and served in the battles of Fort Steadman and 
 Petersburg. He was wounded in the latter engagement; was sent to the hospital, and 
 was honorably discharged from the service June 5, 1865. On his return home he 
 purchased a farm in WoodhuU, Steuben county, Kew York, lived there three years, 
 and in 1869 bought his present homestead in Elkland borough, containing 150 acres, 
 upon which he has since resided. Mr. Babcock has been twice married. On July 5, 
 1863, he married Mary Davenport, a daughter of Lemuel and Polly (Boordman) 
 Davenport, of Elkland, who became the mother of two children, Charles L. and 
 Oliver Perry. His second wife was Kate Johnson, a daughter of Newton and Eliza- 
 beth (Tipple) Johnson, of Wellsboro. Politically, Mr. Babcock is a Eepublican. He 
 is a member of the Presbyterian church, and also of the 0. A. R., and I. 0. 0. P. so- 
 cieties. 
 
 Chaeles Levi Babcock, eldest child of Oliver Perry and Mary (Davenport) 
 Babcock, was born in Elkland, Tioga county, April 21, 1864, and there grew to 
 manhood. He was educated in the public schools and State Normal School, Mans- 
 field, and graduated at Lowell's Business College, Binghamton, New York, in 1882. 
 He then began clerking in the general store of R. K. Skinner, of Elkland, where he 
 was employed five years. In 1887 he engaged in the general mercantile business 
 at Nelson, which he successfully conducted until the fall of 1896, when he was 
 elected by the Eepublican voters to the office of register and recorder, which position 
 he now occupies. Mr. Babcock was married October 21, 1885, to Mae Bell Skinner, 
 a daughter of Richard K. and Ellen (Baker) Skinner, of Elkland. Three children 
 have been bom to them, viz: Portia, who died at the age of thirteen months: Gene- 
 vieve, and Richard 0. During his residence in Nelson, Mr. Babcock was the leading 
 merchant and was well known as a gentleman of enterprise and public spirit. A 
 stanch Republican, he has served the party in various official capacities. He is a 
 member of the Presbyterian church, also of the P. & A. M., the I. 0. 0. P. and the 
 K. 0. T. M. societies. 
 
 Joseph Coenelius was born in Hampshire, England, May 4, 1815, and was a 
 son of George and Mary Cornelius. He learned the tanner's trade in his native land, 
 and immigrated to the United States in 1854, settling in Graysville, Herkimer 
 county, New York, where he was superintendent of a tannery for ten years. In 
 1864 he removed to Aldenville, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, where he was superin- 
 tendent of a tannery until 1873. In the fall of that year he located at Elkland, Tioga 
 county, purchasing the Elkland tannery, which he enlarged from time to time to 
 accommodate his increasing business, and conducted it with gratifying success until 
 the autumn of 1893, when he retired from active business life, and died in Elkland 
 November 15, 1895. On August 6, 1853, he married Eliza J. Taylor, a daughter 
 of John and Jane Taylor, of Hampshire, England, who survived him one month 
 dying December 12, 1895. Eleven children were born to this union, as follows' 
 Ahce E., wife of John H. Brock; Florence, wife of William Brock; Mary J Fannie 
 E., wife of Eugene G. Webb; Frank M., William T., George S., Byron G ' Charles 
 
BI06EAPHICAL SKETCHES. 845 
 
 H., Carrie B., wife of Fred T. Smith, and Thome. Mr. Cornelius was a member 
 of the Elkland Methodist Episcopal ch-urch, and the most liberal contributor towards 
 the erection of the present church building. In politics, a Eepublican, he was one 
 of the leading citizens of his adopted home and a prominent factor in the gi-owth 
 and development of Elkland. 
 
 Feank M. Coenelius was born in Graysville, Herkimer county, New York, 
 December 10, 1860, and is a son of Joseph and Eliza J. (Taylor) Cornelius, natives 
 of England. He was reared in Wayne and Tioga counties, Pennsylvania, received 
 a good education, and later began clerking in his father's tannery office in Elkland. 
 In 1881-83 he was employed as book-keeper and assistant casMer in the banking 
 house of Joel Parkhurst & Company, of Elkland. In the fall of 1883 he took the 
 management of his father's tannery, and acted in that capacity until 1891, when he 
 engaged in the wholesale lumber business, which he continued until May, 1893. 
 He then became connected with the tannery interests of Proctor, Hunt & Com- 
 pany, of Boston, Massachusetts, as their agent and manager at Elkland, a position 
 he stUl occupies. Mr. Cornelius was married September 36, 1888, to Myra Edwards, 
 a daughter of Jacob C. and Ada (Carter) Edwards, of Elkland, and has three chil- 
 dren, Guy E., Alice Margaret and Joseph. Both he and wife are members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, of Elkland, and he was chairman of the building com- 
 mittee in the construction of the Methodist church in that borough. He was one 
 of the organizers of the I. 0. 0. F. lodge in Elkland, and has always taken a deep 
 interest in that society. Mr. Cornelius is an ardent Eepublican, and has filled 
 nearly all of the local ofiices of Elkland borough. 
 
 Elijah Smith came from Delaware cotmty, Kew York, to Tioga coimty, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1840, and followed the miller's trade in this county up to his death, 
 in Februarj', 1858, aged fifty-one years. He was caught in the machinery at the 
 Davenport mill, in Elkland, and was so badly injured that he died within an hour. 
 For three years prior to his death he had resided at Osceola. He married Maria 
 A. Eomaine, who bore him three children, viz: Diantha C, wife of John Tubbs; 
 Augustus and Eugene B. 
 
 AuGTTSTTjs Smith was born in Franklin, Delaware county, New York, June 27, 
 1838, and is a son of Elijah Smith. He was but two years old when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, and was educated in the public 
 schools and Union Academy. He commenced clerking at Osceola in a general 
 store, and later carried on the mercantile business there several years. Since July, 
 1883, he has been the agent at Osceola for the Addison and Pennsylvania Eailroad 
 Company. Mr. Smith was married April 30, 1863, to Helen Taylor, a daughter 
 of Col. Philip and Sally (Eyon) Taylor, of Osceola, and has two children, Eva L. and 
 Fred T. In politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Feed T. Smith was born in Osceola, Tioga county, January 37, 1870, and is a 
 son of Augustus Smith, and grandson of Elijah Smith. He was reared in his native 
 town until sixteen years of age, and then located at Knoxville as telegraph operator 
 for the Addison and Pennsylvania Eailroad Company, which position he filled six 
 months. In June, 1887, he came to Elkland, where he held the position of railroad 
 agent for the same company until January, 1894. In 1890 he engaged in 
 the wholesale lumber business, in which he still continues, and since May, 
 
§4.6 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1894, has also been sales agent for the lumber interests of C. L. Pattison. 
 Mr. Smith was married November 12, 1890, to Carrie B. Cornelius, a daughter of 
 Joseph and Eliza (Taylor) Cornelius, of Elkland, and has one son, Clayton C. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Presbyterian church, 
 and is also connected with the I. 0. 0. F. He is one of the enterprising young busi- 
 ness men of Elkland, and gives a hearty support to every worthy project. 
 
 Egbert P. McCann was born in Bath, Steuben county, New York, August 16, 
 1847, a son of Jacob and Phoebe (Gregory) McCann. His paternal grandfather, 
 John McCann, was a native of Ireland, while his maternal grandfather, Stephen 
 Gregory, was from Connecticut, and a pioneer of Steuben county. New York. His 
 father, Jacob McCann, was a native of Chemung county. New York, where he fol- 
 lowed the occupation of a farmer. During the Kebellion, he served in Company P, 
 One Hundred and Sixty-first New York Volunteers, and was wounded in the side 
 by a shell in the Eed Eiver campaign. After three years' service, he was honorably 
 discharged, and died in 1873, from the effects of his wounds. The subject of this 
 sketch was reaped in his native county, was educated in the common schools, and 
 from thirteen years of age was employed on a farm. In August, 1864, he enlisted 
 in Company H, One Hundred and Eighty-ninth New York Volunteers, and took 
 part in the battle of Five Forks and other engagements. He was promoted to 
 orderly sergeant in February, 1865, and the following May was mustered out with 
 his regiment at Washington, 3D. C. After his return home, he learned the brick 
 mason's and plasterer's trades, which he followed fifteen years. Since 1872 he has 
 been a resident of Elkland, Tioga county, where he engaged in the general insurance 
 business in 1889, which he still continues. In July, 1894, he was appointed post- 
 master of Elkland, which office he still occupies. In 1866, Mr. McCann married 
 Mrs. Mary E. Strong, daughter of John E. Shott, of "Waterlooj New York. He is 
 a member of the Presbyterian church, and also of the I. 0. 0. F., and the G. A. E. 
 In politics, he is a Democrat, and served five years as justice of the peace of Elkland. 
 
 Joseph C. Dulso was born at "Waterloo, Seneca county. New York, January 
 21, 1858, a son of Nicholas and Katherine E. (Ester) Dulso, and is of French and 
 German descent. His father was a soldier in the Union army during the Eebellion, 
 and died in the hospital at Newberne, North Carolina, in 1864, from yellow fever. 
 Our subject was reared in his native town, and there obtained a public school educa- 
 tion. He served an apprenticeship of over three years at the barber's trade, in 
 Seneca Falls, New York, and in 1875 he located at Elkland, Tioga county, where 
 he embarked in business for himself. At that time he was the only barber in the 
 Cowanesque valley, between Lawrenceville and the Potter county line. For the 
 past twenty yeaxs he has continued to carrj^ on the same business at Elkland, and 
 has accumulated a competence. In 1893 he erected a substantial brick building 
 for business purposes, fitted up with all modern improvements, including bath rooms. 
 The building is conspicuous for its beauty, and would attract attention in a much 
 larger town thau Elkland, being no doubt the finest barber shop in Tioga county. 
 Mr. Dulso was married May 27, 1877, to Sarah J. Cunningham, a daughter of John 
 and Margaret Cunningham, of Campbell, Steuben county. New York, and has two 
 children, Katie aud Annie. In politics, Mr. Dulso is a Democrat, and in religious 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 847 
 
 belief, a Catholic. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and one of the enterprising 
 citizens of the borough. 
 
 Joel Chambeeiain was born in Maryland, Otsego county, New York, in 1795, 
 a son of Elisha and Deborah (Holdridge) Chamberlain, natives of New England and 
 pioneers of Otsego county. In 1840 he came with his family to Chatham township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he cleared and improved a farm, subsequently 
 removing to Farmington township, where he died at the residence of his son, Henry, 
 February 1, 1869, in his seventy-fourth year. His wife, Eleanor, was a daughter 
 of Henry Waite, of Otsego county, New York, and died in Chatham township, June 
 26, 1879, in her seventy-seventh year. Their children were as follows: David W., 
 Henry E., Jonathan Ed., Martha A., who married Eli Beard; Sally D., who married 
 Oscar Clark; WilUam, Eleanor, who married Frank Andrews; _ Joel, and Esther M., 
 who married Samuel Kendrick. Mr. Chamberlain was a member of the Christian 
 church, while his wife was a Presbyterian. In politics, he supported the Eepublican 
 party, and was a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 Henet Elisha Chambeelaist, son of Joel Chamberlain, was born in Mary- 
 land, Otsego county. New York, March 14, 1837, and came to Chatham township 
 with his parents when about thirteen years old. He assisted his father to clear the 
 old homestead, and after his marriage, in 1849, he settled on a farm of fifty-five 
 acres in Chatham, which he subsequently sold and purchased 105 acres in the same 
 township, twenty of which he cleared. In 1882 he removed to Elkland borough, 
 where he resided until his death, June 3, 1895. On April 8, 1849, he married 
 Maria Gleason, a daughter of Nelson and Esther (Taylor) Gleason, whose paternal 
 and maternal grandfathers, Paul Gleason and Ebenezer Taylor, were pioneers of 
 Tioga county. Four children were bom to this union, three of whom survive, viz: 
 Sarah M., wife of Truman E. Pierce; George E., and Dora A., wife of E. A. How- 
 land. On September 13, 1864, Mr. Chamberlain enlisted in Company C, Ninety- 
 ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was transferred to the One Hundred and Ninety- 
 ninth regiment, and took part in the battles of Hatcher's Bun, Clover Hill, Appomat- 
 tox and Petersburg, and was honorably discharged, June 28, 1865. In religion, he 
 was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, a Eepublican, 
 He was connected with the G. A. R., and was a worthy, patriotic citizen. 
 
 Lemuel Cadt, a native of Connecticut, settled in Osceola, Tioga county, about 
 1810. In 1813 he removed to Farmington township and purchased 300 acres of 
 land, which he soon afterwards sold and returned to Osceola. He was a carpenter, 
 and worked at his trade up to 1833 in Osceola, when he bought 100 acres in Farm- 
 ington adjoining his original purchase. He cleared and improved this property 
 and resided upon it many years. In later life he removed to Iowa, and died in that 
 State at the age of eighty-four years. He married Ruth Gleason, of Connecticut, 
 who bore him eleven children, viz: Chester, Abner, Lemuel, William, Simeon, 
 Selina, who married I. D. Foote; Polly, who married Lucius Daly; Emma, who 
 married "William Van Dusen; George, Charles and Erastus. In religion, Mr. Cady 
 was an adherent of the Christian church, and in politics, a Republican. 
 
 Simeon Cadt, fourth son of Lemuel and Ruth Cady, was bom in Osceola, 
 Tioga county, January 27, 1822, was reared in Farmington township, and attended 
 the common schools in boyhood. He made farming his life vocation, first clearing 
 
348 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 up fifty acres in Farming-ton, which he later exchanged for 156 acres in the same 
 township. This he also cleared and improved, and owned it at the time of his 
 death. He resided on his farm until 1886, when he removed to Elkland, and died 
 in that borough, March 10, 1896, in his seventy-fifth year. Mr. Cady was married 
 May 24, 1843, to Jemima Baxter, a daughter of John and Phoebe Baxter, of Parm- 
 ington township, who bore him a family of six children, as follows: Melvtn, de- 
 ceased, who married Elizabeth Edwards; Edwin, who married Addie Upton; 
 Marietta, wife of Ira Keeney; Marcus, who married Ella Beard; Milton, who 
 married Lillian Shelly, and John, who married Bertha Bolt. Mrs. Cady died 
 January 23, 1894. Mr. Cady was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church half 
 a century, and in politics, an adherent of the Eepublican party. His life was an 
 example of honesty and industry, as well as kindly charity towards his fellowmen. 
 
 Geoege C. Signob, proprietor of the Hotel Signor, was bom at Kingston, 
 Ulster county. New York, February 15, 1858, and is a son of Capt. David A. and 
 Sarah M. (DeBell) Signor. His paternal grandfather, Jacob I. Signor, son of 
 David Abiel Signor, was a prominent citizen of Ulster county, of which at one 
 time he was sheriff. His paternal grandmother was Catherine Hasbrouck. His 
 maternal grandparents, Daniel and Phoebe A. (Fairchild) DeBell, were also resi- 
 dents of Ulster county, New York. Our subject was reared in that State, and was 
 educated in the Ithaca public schools and the State Normal School, at Cortland, 
 graduating from the latter institution in 1875. After leaving school he studied law 
 for a year and a half, for the purpose of fitting himself for business. He next spent 
 three years in Kansas, as overseer and manager of a large cattle ranch. In 1880 
 he located at Knoxville, Tioga county, where he conducted the Eagle House for 
 one year. The following three years he spent in Virginia, in the real estate busi- 
 ness, and in 1884 purchased the National Hotel at Corning, New York, which he 
 conducted one year. He then sold out and bought the Westlake Hotel, at Addison, 
 New York, which he carried on one year, and then sold it. In 1886 he purchased 
 the hotel property in Elkland, Tioga county, since known as the Hotel Signor. 
 Here he has built up a successful business, and conducts one of the model hotels 
 of the Cowanesque valley. Mr. Signor was married September 8, 1880, to Etta 
 Piay, a daughter of Nelson G. and Hattie (Howland) Pay, of Knoxville, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has one son. Pay. In politics, he is a stanch Democrat, and is a mem- 
 ber of the I. 0. 0. F., the K. of H., and the S. F. I. 
 
 Asa Ceandall, a native of Phode Island, was one of the first settlers of Coving- 
 ton, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in the manufacture of furni- 
 ture a number of years. He was of Scotch descent, his ancestors being members 
 of the Clan McCannan. His wife, Matilda, was a daughter of Captain Saunders, 
 an Englishman, who was lost at sea while on a whaling expedition. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Crandall were the parents of the following children: John, Eliza, who married 
 George Backus; Mary, who married George Frink; Asa, Artemesia, who married 
 a Mr. Booth; Sarah, who married Deacon Kinney; Hannah, who married Chauncy 
 Johnson, and Chai-les M. Mr. Crandall and wife were members of the Baptist 
 church, and in politics, he was a Whig. He died in Covington about 1850, and 
 is there buried. 
 
 Chaeles M. Ceandall, youngest son of Asa and Matilda (Saunders) Crandall, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 849 
 
 was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1834, and was reared in 
 Tioga county. In eaxly life he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Indiana, but dur- 
 ing the war, he returned east and located at Montrose, Susquehanna county, where 
 he was engaged in the manufacture of toys and novelties from 1861 to 1883. In 
 the latter year he removed to Waverly, New York, where he has since carried on 
 the same business. Mr. Crandall has been twice married. His first wife was Susan, 
 a daughter of Benjamin and Margaret (Wilcox) Kress, of Bradford county. Her 
 grandfather was an expert silversmith, and stole his passage to America because 
 of an English law prohibiting silversmiths leaving that country. Four children 
 were born to this union, viz: Fred W., Benjamin J., Jesse M. and Fannie. His 
 second wife was Annie F. Austin, a daughter of Dana Austin, of Montrose, Penn- 
 sylvania, who bore him five children, viz: Bessie, Charlie, Florence, Mable and 
 Dorothea. Mr. Crandall is an adherent of the Eepublican party, and in religion, 
 a member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Feed W. Ceandall, eldest child of Charles M. and Susan (Kress) Crandall, 
 was born at Laporte, Indiana, March 29, 1855. When six years oLd he removed 
 mth his parents to Montrose, Pennsylvania. He was educated in the public schools, 
 and at the State Normal School, Millersville, and v/hen fifteen years of age he 
 entered his father's factory at Montrose. He served as manager for two years, 
 and on attaining his majority he took entire. charge of the factory under contract, 
 occupying that position until 1880. A stock company was then organized, with 
 a capital stock of $100,000, our subject taking one-fourth of the amount. He eon- 
 tinned as manager of the manufacturing branch of the business up to 1883, when 
 the stock company was wound up, Mr. Crandall purchasing the business and con- 
 tinuing it under the firm name of F. W. Crandall & Company, until August 26, 
 1886. On that date the plant was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of $40,000. 
 Two weeks later he resumed business in rented rooms, using power from the agri- 
 cultural works at that place, and in January, 1887, he removed to Elkland, Tioga 
 county, purchasing the plant of the Elkland Chair Company. He has since added 
 sub=laniial buildings to accommodate his increasing business in the manufacture 
 of toys and novelties, and gives employment to from fifty to seventy-five hands, 
 doing an annual business of $30,000. He has also been engaged in lumbering since 
 1894, and is one of the enterprising and substantial citizens of the borough. Mr. 
 Crandall was married at Montrose, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1876, to Augusta A. 
 Seymour, a daughter of James and Ann E. (Howell) Seymour. They are the par- 
 ents of four children, viz: Susie K., Mary H., Fannie M. and Helen A. Mrs. 
 Crandall died March 14, 1893. Politically, he is a Eepublican, has served on the 
 school board and common council of Elkland, and is a member and trustee of the 
 Presbyterian church. 
 
 Clark B. Bailey, a son of Clark W. and Vesta (Judd) Bailey, and grandson 
 of Eoswell Bailey, a pioneer of Charleston township, Tioga county, was born in 
 Eichmond township, Tioga county, September 30, 1851. When he was five years 
 of age his parents removed to Mansfield, where he obtained his education at the 
 State Normal School. In 1884 he purchased a foundry plant at Knoxville, which 
 was burned in 1888, and in January, 1890, he erected a plant at Elkland. This 
 was burned in December following, and he immediately rebuilt in 1891, which he 
 
 54 
 
850 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 still owns, but leases. Prom August, 1893, up to March, 1896, he operated the 
 Elkland Basket Works, of which he was four-fifths owner, and gave employment 
 to seventy-five hands. On the latter date he sold to the Davidge Manufacturing 
 Company, in which he is a stockholder, and the works were removed to Coudersport, 
 Potter county. Mr. Bailey is general agent for the McCormick Manufacturing 
 Company, of Chicago, for the sale of their machines in Tioga and adjoining coun- 
 ties, which position he has held since 1888. He hiis built up an extensive business, 
 increasing his sales from twelve machines the first year to 300 in 1895. On March 
 15, 1882, Mr. Bailey married Fettle Bixby, a daughter of Gilbert H. and Louisa 
 Bixby, of "Waverly, New York. They are the parents of four children: Eoy J., 
 Clara V., Gertrude B. and Harold C. Mr. Bailey is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and in poliiics, is a Eepublican. 
 
 Phof. Makion F. Cass, principal of the Elkland public schools, was born in 
 .Farmington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1850, a son of 
 Willard and Esther (Cass) Cass, both natives of New Hampshire, and of Scotch 
 extraction. His parents settled in Farmington township about 1847, where his 
 father resided until his death in 1894. Marion F. was reared on the old homestead 
 until thirteen years of age, when he went to Elkland and entered the employ of Joel 
 Parkhurst, with whom he remained three years. He then returned to Farmington, 
 and worked on a farm in summer, while he taught school during the winter seasons, 
 for several years. He graduated at the State Normal School, Mansfield, in 1873, 
 and subsequently taught six years at Nelson anl three years at Lawrenceville. He 
 was county superintendent of schools for nine successive years, and filled the office 
 with credit and ability. In 1890 he was principal of the Elkland public schools, 
 and since 1891 he has filled the same position, being to-day one of the most popular 
 teachers in the county. Professor Cass was married May 17, 1876, to Susan M. 
 Baxter, a daughter of G. Henry and Clara (Manley) Barter, of Nelson township, 
 and has two children, George W. and Eva E. In polities, he is a Eepublican, and 
 is a member of the Presbyterian church, also of the F. & A. M., and the I. 0. 0. P. 
 
 Cael E. Bailey was born in Eichmond township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 January 11, 1865, and is a son of Eobert B. and Julia (Hager) Bailey, a sketch of 
 whom appears in this work. He was educated in the public schools of his native 
 township and at Charleston High School, In 1883 he went to Herkimer county, 
 New York, continuing there for nearly seven years, during which period he learned 
 his present business. In 1889 he located at Elkland, Tioga county, where he pur- 
 chased a meat market, and has since successfully carried on a wholesale and retail 
 business, the leading business of the kind in this vicinity. He also owns and oper- 
 ates the largest cold storage plant in Tioga county, and is the proprietor of the only 
 ice business in Elkland. Mr. Bailey was married April .33, 1891, to Viola Cross, a 
 daughter of Nathan and Adelia (Smith) Cross, of Little Falls, New York. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and in religion, both he and wife are members of the 
 Presbyterian church. He is also connected with Elkland Lodge, No. 800, I. 0. 0. 
 F., and is one of the progressive young business men of that borough. 
 
 John Wakely (originally spelled "Waklee"), born in Otsego county, New York, 
 in 1796, was a son of John and Elizabeth (Cummings) Wakely, pioneers 'of Deerfield 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. In 1827 he removed to Brookfield town- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 851 
 
 shipj where he cleared and improved a farm of 136 acres. In the spring of 1864 
 he sold out and removed to Tronpsbiirg, New York, where he died March 38, of 
 that year, aged sixty-eight. He was twice married. PLis first wife, Dinah, was a 
 daughter of Rnfus and Mary Cook, of Otsego county, New York, and became the 
 mother of six children. His second wife wa.s Mary A. Murdoek. During his resi- 
 dence in Deerfield township, Mr. "Wakely served as constable for several years, and 
 for twelve years he was a justice of the peace in Brookfield township. In 1837 he 
 was elected sherifE of Tioga county, which office he filled for three years. In 1841 
 he was elected to the legislature and served in that body with marked ability. Mr. 
 Wakely was a member of the Masonic order, and also of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 William 0. Wakely, son of John and Mary A. (Murdoek) Wakely, was bom 
 in Wellsboro, Tioga county, June 5, 1840, and was educated in the common schools 
 and Union Academy. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty- 
 sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was slightly wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, 
 and after nine months' service was honorably discharged. In 1864 he re-enlisted in 
 Company D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served 
 until the close of the war. For twelve years afterwards he dealt in horses, during 
 which time he resided in Westfield, and from 1888 to 1884, he followed the same 
 business in Wisconsin. Since that time he has been employed as a salesman of 
 agricultural implements in Tioga county and vicinity, his residence being at Elk- 
 land since April, 1894. Mr. Wakely has been twice married. His first wife, Mrs. Kate 
 Secord, was a daughter of John Losey, of West Pike, Potter county, Pennsylvania, 
 who left one son by her former husband, Sheridan J. Secord. His second wife 
 was Cassie Sherwood, a daughter of Orrin and Lucy A. (Seely) Sherwood, of Brook- 
 field township. Mr WaJcely is a member of the G. A. E., and in politics, an ad- 
 herent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Chahles Sandbach, son of William and Catherine Sandbach, was born in 
 Prussia, Germany, April 13, 1842, and immigrated to New York City in 1850. He 
 there learned and followed the occupation of a feeder of cylinder presses. In 1864 
 he married Maria Wiesner, of that city, and the same year located in Germania, Pot- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania, where he became the proprietor of the Germania Hotel, 
 which he conducted until 1880. In 1881 he purchased the Baldwin House, at 
 Wellsboro, Tioga county, changed the name to the Sandbach House, thoroughly 
 refitted and refiimished it, and has since successfully carried it on. Mr. Sandbach 
 and wife are the parents of five children, viz: Eobert W., Eichard E., Emily M., 
 wife of Dr. F. L. Dolbeai'e, of Brooklyn, New York; Martha and Elsa. In politics, 
 Mr. Sandbach is a Democrat, and is a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 EiCHAED E. Sandbach, second son of Charles Sandbach, was born in Ger- 
 mania, Potter county, October 29, 1866, and was reared in Potter and Tioga coun- 
 ties. In 1884 he went to New York City, where he was employed as entry clerk 
 and assistant book-keeper in a wholesale hotise until 1887, during which period he 
 passed a civil service examination for a clerkship in the appraisers' department of 
 the United States Custom House, which position he filled from January 18, 1887, 
 until March 6, 1890. On April 1, 1890, he returned to Wellsboro, Tioga county, 
 where he clerked in his father's hotel three months, and then assumed management 
 of the same until January 1, 1891. In October of the latter year, he went to Oeosta, 
 
852 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Washington, where he was engaged in the brewing business for two years and a half. 
 In May, 1894, he removed his brewery to Keno, Nevada, but sold out in October 
 and returned to Tioga county. His mother having purchased the Coles Hotel, at 
 Elkland, he became proprietor of the same, and since November 1, 1894, he has 
 since conducted it under the name of the Sandbach House. He is a member of 
 the I. 0. 0. r., and K. of P., and in politics, an ardent Democrat. 
 
 WiLLAKD C. Griffiths was born in Elmira, New York, February 38, 1867, a 
 son of William E. and Mary C. (Gould) Griffiths, and is of Welsh descent. He was 
 reared in New York state, and was educated in the Addison Union school and acad- 
 emy. On August 14, 1881, he entered the oiiice of the Addison Advertiser, to serve 
 an apprenticeship at the printer's trade, and remained there six years. In Novem- 
 ber, 1887, he went to New Haven, Connecticut, where he worked on different papers, 
 and finally lield an important position in a large job printing and book publishing 
 house of that city four years In 1891 he located at Elkland, Tioga county, pui'- 
 chasing the plant of the Elkiand Journal, which paper he conducted until Septem- 
 ber, 189G, when it suspended publication. Mr. Griffiths was married FebmarTy' 35, 
 1893, to .Jennie M. Hammond, a daughter of John W. and Addie (Delamater) Ham- 
 mond, of Osceola, and has two daughters, Helen M. and Florence A. Politically, 
 Mr. Griffiths is a Eepublican. 
 
 OSCEOLA BOROUGH. 
 
 IsH-4EL BuLKLET WHS One of the first settlers in the Cowanesque valley, locating 
 in Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in ISOO. The Bulkley family is of ancient 
 English lineage. Ten generations can be traced on English soil down to Eev. 
 Peter Bulkley, of Odell, a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, who immi- 
 grated to America in 1634, and settled at Concord, Massachusetts. From the Eev. 
 Peter Bulkley, the line of descent runs through the Eev. Gershom and Eev. .John 
 Bulkley, to Peter Bulkley, of Colchester, Connecticut, who married Susamiah 
 Newton, and was the father of Israel Bulklej', tlie pioneer of the family in Tioga 
 county. Israel was born January 33, 1763, and served a brief time in Capt. N. 
 Waterman's company, in the Eevolution, when the British burned New London. 
 He married Lucy Chapin, born November 23, 1767. Their children were as fol- 
 lows: Ealph, born December 19, 1794; George, November 37, 1796, who died young; 
 Lucy, March 39, 1799, who married Col. Lemuel Davenport; George (3nd), October 
 3, 1801, the first of the family born in Tioga county; Ira, March 3, 1804;" Hiram, Sep- 
 tember 17, 1806; Newton, April 34, 1809, and Charles, September 18, 1813, who 
 died, in early youth. At the time of his removal to this county, Mr. Bu.lkley pos- 
 sessed considerable property, and was recognized as one of the leading spirits in the 
 Cowanesque valley. He brought with him an improved breed of cattle and other 
 live stock, cleared the farm upon which his grandson, Charles Bulkley, now resides, 
 established a blacksmith shop, dealt in merchandise, built a grist-mill, earding-mill 
 and distillery, and was a land surveyor and agent for the Strawbridge estate. He 
 planted a nursery of fruit trees upon his farm, from which was raised the first 
 orchards in Tioga county. His plantation was a central point in the pioneer set- 
 tlements, and meetings, elections and general training-days were held at his place 
 for several years. He died January 18, 1838, and was succeeded by his son, Ira, who 
 then took charge of the homestead farm. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 853 
 
 Ika Bulkley was honi in Osceola, Tioga eoimty, Maxch 3, 1804, grew to man- 
 liood on the homestead, and limited his business operations almost entirely to farm- 
 ing. He brought his farm under a high state of cultivation, and was awarded the 
 prize of the Tioga County Agricultural Society several times for possessing the best 
 improved farm in the county. One of the attractions of the place for many years 
 was a well-stocked deer park. Mr. Bulkley was twice married. On October 4, 1826, 
 he married Harriet Belding, a daughter of Cyprian and Harriet (Belding) Wright, 
 to whom were bom three children, viz: Charles, bom November 25, 1827; Esther, 
 June 13, 1829, and Harriet, December 13, 1831, the last two of whom died young. 
 He was again married November 24, 1833, to Esther Maria Wright, born in 1812, who 
 died September 18, 1895. Mr. Bulkley died November 19, 1876. 
 
 Chaeles Bulkley, only living child of Ira Bulkley, was born on the homestead, 
 November 25, 1827. He was educated in the common schools and at Union 
 Academy. He succeeded to the home farm, and has acquired by successive purchase 
 the larger part of his grandfather's real estate, until to-day he is the owner of over 
 500 acres of highly improved farming land. He has held many local offices with 
 much acceptance to those he served. He has been twice married. On November 
 26, 1856, he married Marietta, a daughter of Lloyd and Maria (Eeynolds) Perry. 
 Their children were: Perry, bom August 29, 1857, who died young; Myra, Novem- 
 ber 15, 1858, wife of Henry Tubbs, and Carrie, September 24, 1867, wife of George 
 Gershom Dorrance. He was again married August 26, 1885, to Mrs. Clarissa 
 Mannigan, who died November 10, 1896. 
 
 George Newton Bulkley was bom in Osceola, Tioga county, October 8, 
 1845, and resided on the Newton Bulkley homestead in Osceola borough until his 
 death, January 7, 1885. He was a son of Newton and Phoebe Ann (Barker) Bulkley, 
 and a grandson of Israel and Lucy (Chapin) Bulkley. His father was born in Osceola, 
 April 24, 1809, married Phoebe Ann Barker, and lived and died upon the farm now 
 occupied by his grand-daughter, Mrs. Eobert C. Baker. The subject of this sketch 
 was married March 19, 1867, to Hannah Eudora Brader, a daughter of George and 
 Mary (Chapin) Brader, of Kingston, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, who bore him 
 two children: Thomas B., deceased, and Phoebe Prances, wife of Robert C. Baker. 
 Mr. Bulkley was a florist and market gardner, took a deep interest in horticulture, 
 and won many prizes at county fairs and exhibits. He owned 235 acres of land, of 
 which 160 acres is in the old homestead. In politics, he was an ardent Eepublican, 
 and in religion a member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Abner Gleason was born in Oxford, Massachusetts, December 6, 1745, a 
 son of Joseph and Lydia (Tarbox) Gleason. He came from Charlton, Massachusetts, 
 to what is now Osceola, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in 1809, and worked at the 
 cooper's trade. He was twice married. His first mfe, Abigail Rich, bore him six 
 children, viz: David, Rachel, Paul, Abigail, Abner and William. His second 
 wife, Deborah Baker, was the mother of two children: Ruth, who married Lemuel 
 Cady, and Polly, who married Simon Nicholas. Mr. Gleason died in 1816, and his 
 remains were the first interred in Osceola cemetery. 
 
 Paul Gleason, son of Abner and Abigail Gleason, was bom in Charlton, 
 Massachusetts, JaJiuary 12, 1778, and came with his parents to Osceola, Tioga 
 county, in 1809, where. he worked at the shoemaker's trade and also engaged in 
 
854 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 farming. On February 16, 1803, he married .Judith, a daughter of John and Cathe- 
 rine Warren. Seven children were the fruits of this union, viz: Nelson, Julia, 
 who married Armon Cloos; Warren, John W., George E., Anna, who married James 
 Tuhbs, and Maneir. Mr. Gleason was the first constable of Elkland, and held several 
 other local offices at different periods. He died June 38, 1843. 
 
 Mancie Gleason, youngest child of Paul and Judith Gleason, was born in 
 Osceola, Tioga county, July 14, 1834, and in early manhood began working in the 
 lumber woods, and also on a farm. He later spent two years as a jobber in clearing 
 land in Chatham township. In 1844 he purchased the farm in Osceola upon which 
 he now resides, where he has lived for more than half a centuiy. Mr. Gleason was 
 married November 9, 1851, to Mary Van Zile, a daughter of Isaac and Hannah 
 (Mills) Van Zile, of Osceola, and has three children: Ezra, James and Metta. 
 Mrs. Gleason died November 6, 1896. In politics, he is a Republican, and a member 
 of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 EzEA Gleason, eldest child of Maneir Gleason, was bom in Osceola, Tioga 
 county, September 33, 1853, grew to manhood upon the old homestead, and was 
 educated in the public schools of Elkland and Osceola. In 1877 he purchased 
 ninety acres of the old farm, most of which he has cleared and improved, and has 
 since added sixty-six acres to his original purchase. On March 33, 1877, he mar- 
 ried Sarah S. Perkins, a daughter of Samuel and Marietta (Brown) Perkins, of 
 Steuben county. New York. They are the parents of four children: Judd, Bertha, 
 Samuel and Harry. Mr. Gleason is a member of the P. of H., and the K. & L. of H. 
 He is a Republican, in politics, and is one of the school directors of Osceola. 
 
 Ebenezeb Tayloe was bom on the Delaware river, in either Pennsylvania or 
 New Jersey, November 15, 1767, a son of Ebenezer and Permelia Taylor. He 
 settled in what is now Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1803, removing to 
 what is now Osceola in 1811. He was a hunter of considerable note, and when 
 not out on the chase, devoted his attention to farming. He married Polly Cook, 
 a daughter of Reuben Cook, the pioneer, who died at Osceola, June 35, 1839. 
 Their children were as follows: Sally, who married John Mascho; Samuel, Per- 
 melia, who married Samuel Tubbs; Philip, Polly, who married Benjamin Tubbs; 
 Margaret, who married Abel Cloos; Esther, who became the wife of Nelson Gleason; 
 Catherine, who married Asahel Morey; Lavina, who married William Weeks; 
 Lucinda, who married John W. Gleason, and Elvira C, who became the wife of 
 David M. Van Zile. Mr. Taylor died November 14, 1850. 
 
 Col. Philip Tayloe, son of Ebenezer and Polly Taylor, is a well-remembered 
 farmer of Osceola, where he cleared and improved the farm now owned by Charles 
 B. Hoyt. He was married by Nathaniel Seely, Esq., June 3, 1835, to Sally Ryon, 
 a daughter of Judge John and Susannah Eyon, who settled on the site of Elkland 
 in the spring of 1811. She was bom in Newtown, now a part of Elmira, New York, 
 December 38, 1808, the eldest in a family of twelve children, six of whom are 
 living. Mrs. Taylor became the mother of eight children, seven of whom survive, 
 as follows: Polly, who married Jeremiah Stoddard; Charlotte R., widow of Prol 
 I. G. Hoyt; Hiram, Susan, who married J. B. Payne; Helen M., who married Au- 
 gustus Smith; Charles R., and Permeha, who married P. G. Wass. Mr. Taylor was 
 a colonel in the militia prior to the Rebellion, hence his title. He filled several 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 855' 
 
 local offices in the township at different periods, and took an active interest in pub- 
 lic affairs. Colonel Taylor and wife united with the Presbyterian church of Elk- 
 land, Majch 13, 1859, and remained consistent members until their death. He 
 died in 1866. His wife surviyed him thirty years, dying in Osceola, Sunday morn- 
 ing, March 1, 1896, in the eighty-eighth year of her age, one of the last links that 
 bound the historic past to the eventful and changing present. 
 
 Capt. Charles Eton Tatloe was born in what is now Osceola borough, 
 Tioga county, August 9, 1840, a son of Col. Philip and Sally Taylor. He was 
 reared in his native town, ajid was educated in the public schools and Union 
 Academy. He commenced his business life as a clerk in a general store at Academy 
 Oomers. October 8, 1861, he entered Company L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 as first lieutenant, and was promoted to captain November 1, 1862. He partici- 
 pated with the Army of the Potomac in the battles of Wolfton, Cedar Mountain, 
 Second Bull Eun, New Baltimore, Little "Washington, Berryville, Occoquan, Glou- 
 cester Point, Prying Pan, Gettysburg, Culpepper, Bristoe Station, Brentsville, Bev- 
 erly Ford, Brandy Station, Mine Eun, Beaver Dam, Meadow Bridge, Hawe's Shop, 
 Trevillian Station, White House Landing, St. Mary's Church, Jerusalem Plank 
 Eoad, Deep Bottom, Lee's Mills and Beam's Station, where he received a gun-shot 
 wound in the right hand, August 23, 1864, and was mustered out of the service 
 November 5, of that year. Captain Taylor returned to Osceola, and in 1871 em- 
 barked in the mercantile business in that borough, which he continued three years. 
 He was constable of Osceola for thirteen years, and has held the office of justice of 
 the peace since 1886. On February 17, 1870, he married Stella A. Seely, a daughter 
 of Morgan and Harriet (Beebe) Seely, of Osceola. In politics. Captain Taylor is a 
 stanch Eepublican, and is also a member of the F. & A. M., and the G. A. E. , 
 
 Samuel Tubes, Se., a son of Lebbeus and Bathsheba (Hamilton) Tubbs, was 
 bom in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1755. In 1773 he came with his parents from New 
 London, Connecticut, to Pennsylvania, and settled at "Wyoming. August 26, 1776, 
 he enlisted in Capt. Eobert Durkee's Independent Company, which was attached to 
 Col. John Durkee's regiment of the Connecticut Line. He remained in the service 
 until the close of the Eevolution, participating in the battles of Bound Brook, Mill 
 Stone Eiver, Mud Creek, Brandywine and Germantown. He wintered with the 
 army at Valley Forge, and served in Sullivan's Expedition against the Indians of the 
 Genesee valley in 1779. His father and the other members of the family were in 
 the fort at "Wyoming during the massacre, but escaped unhurt. His command was 
 on its way to the valley at the time and stopped the night before at Shoup's 
 Tavern, Northampton county, Pennsylvania. In 1787 he removed to Newtown, now 
 Elmira, New York, where he remained until March, 1811, when he came to Tioga 
 county and settled at Elkland, on a tract of land the original warrant for which was 
 issued to Dr. Henry Lattimer, of "Wilmington, Delaware. Here he remained until 
 his death, September 7, 1841. Mr. Tubbs married Sarah Susannah Dorrance, 
 eldest child of Lieut. Col. George and Mary ("Wilson) Dorrance. Colonel Dorrance 
 was killed in the "Wyoming Massacre. Mrs. Tubbs was born in 1760, and died Au- 
 gust 16, 1838. She was the mother of eleven children, as follows: A son born in 
 1778, who died in childhood; Eobert, born March 34, 1780, married Clara Hoyt, and 
 died August 9, 1865; Cynthia, bom May 11, 1782, married Samuel Jenkins, and 
 
856 HISTOET 0¥ TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 died Maxch 6, 1860; Betsey, born in 1786, married Jonathan Jenkins, and died 
 Maxch 28, 1817; Polly, born September 15, 1789, married David Hammond, ajid 
 died January 21, 1867; George, born in 1790, and died in 1792; Susannah, bom 
 January 10, 1794, married John Eyon, Jr., and died March 5, 1881; Samuel, born 
 December 15, 1794, married Permelia Taylor, and died May 15, 1870; Benjamin, 
 bom December 19, 1796, maxried Polly Taylor, and died August 19, 1873; James, 
 bom in January, 1800, married Sally Coates, and died November 20, 1823, and 
 Hannah, bom December 35, 1802, married Martin Stevens, and died May 24, 1850. 
 
 Samuel Tubes, Jb., son of Samuel Tubbs, Sr., was bom at Newtown, New 
 York, December 15, 1794, and was ia his seventeenth year when his parents located 
 at Elkland. In 1815 he maxried Permelia Taylor, a daughter of Capt. Ebenezer and* 
 Polly (Cook) Taylor, to which union were bom six children, viz: Polly, who mar- 
 ried Benson Tubbs; James, of Osceola; Clara, who lives with her youngest brother, 
 George; Sally, who married Lyman P. Hoyt; Philip, whose first wife was Sarepta 
 Crandall, and second wife, Betsey Spencer, and George, who married Jane Campbell. 
 Mr. Tubbs lived nearly all his life in Osceola. In 1840 he built the house now oc- 
 cupied by Morgan Seely, and died at the home of his son, George; May 15, 1870. His 
 wife died on July 21, 1851. 
 
 James Tubes, eldest son of Samuel Tubbs, Jr., was bom in Osceola, Tioga 
 county, February 12, 1818, there grew to maturity, and made farming his principal 
 vocation. In early manhood he taught school in Elkland and other places in the 
 Cowanesque valley. He was married May 9, 1841, to Anna Gleason, bom December 
 19, 1819, a daughter of Paul and Judith (Warren) Gleason, to .which union were 
 bom two children, viz: Charles and Henry, both residents of Osceola. Mrs. Tubbs 
 died April 29, 1879, and her husband makes his home with his son, Charles. He 
 was a captain of militia from 1841 to 1850, a school director for thirty years, a 
 supervisor for fifteen years, and has also served as burgess of Osceola. In politics, 
 he is a Eepublican. 
 
 George Tubes was bom in Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, January 12, 
 1829, and is a son of Samuel and Permelia (Taylor) Tubbs. With the exception of 
 three years that he lived in Elkland, he has spent his entire life in his native town- 
 ship. He attended the common schools in boyhood, and has since been engaged in 
 farming, having assisted in clearing several farms, including a part of the old home- 
 stead. On April 10, 1852, he married Jane Campbell, a daughter of Joseph and 
 Anna (Clinch) Campbell, of Nelson township, and has three children, viz: Prank, 
 Ann, wife of 0. A. Van Dusen, and Minnie, wife of W. H. Clark. Mr. Tubbs is a 
 stanch Eepublican, and has held various local ofiBees, such as supervisor and col- 
 lector, and has been a school director of Osceola ten years. He is a member of the 
 Patrons of Husbandry, and takes a deep interest in the growth and progress of that 
 society. 
 
 John Tubbs, son of Eobert and Clara (Hoyt) Tubbs, was bom and reared in 
 Osceola, Tioga county. He cleared a, farm of 150 acres, now owned by his son, Ed- 
 ward E., and was also extensively engaged in the lumber business. His wife, 
 Eebecca, was a daughter of James and Nancy (Eobb) Atherton, of Elkland, and 
 bore him two children, Edward E., and Lizzie A., wife of Eussell Wentworth. Mr. 
 Tubbs was a member of the Presbyterian chui-ch, also of the Masonic order, and 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §57 
 
 in politics, a KepuUican. He died January 9, 1893. His wife died June 3, 1873, 
 at the age of thirty-seven years. 
 
 Edwakd E. Tubes, only son of John and Eebecca Tubbs, was born in Osceola, 
 Tioga county, July 19, 1857, attended the public schools of his township in boy- 
 hood, and later the State Normal School, at Mansfield. He has always been a 
 resident of Osceola, and is engaged in farming and in buying and shipping live 
 stock for the New York markets. Mr. Tubbs has been twice married. His first 
 wife was Mrs. Delia 6. Pratt, a daughter of Philip Fridley, of Seneca county. New 
 York, who bore him one son, John E. His second wife was Alice Perry, a daughter 
 of Albert and Fannie (Coykendall) Perry, of Steuben county. In politics, Mr. 
 Tubbs is a EepubHcan, and is a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 Nathaniel Seelt was a native of Southport, Chemung county. New York, 
 bom November 30, 1788, a son of Nathaniel Seely, Sr. He settled in what is now 
 Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, where he engaged in farming up to 
 1830, also kept an inn for the accommodation of travelers, and for twenty years was 
 a justice of the peace. He was married February 16, 1809, to Lucy Kelsey, a daugh- 
 ter of Abner and Ann (Eaton) Kelsey, who became the mother of thirteen children, 
 only seven of whom grew to maturity, viz: Jonas B., George G., Morgan, Henry, 
 Jane E., who married Eussell Crandall; Ann K., who married A. W. Lugg, and Allen. 
 Mrs. Seely was bom August 31, 1791. Both she and her husband were members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church. He died at his home in Osceola, October 15, 
 1866. His wife survived him until September 15, 1873. 
 
 MoKGAN Seelt, banker, was bom in Osceola, Tioga county. May 15, 1816, and 
 is a son of Nathaniel and Lucy Seely. He was reared to manhood in his native 
 town, and completed his education at Wellsboro Academy. He commenced his bus- 
 iness career as a clerk in the store of the late Joel Parkhurst, of Elkland, with whom 
 he remained several years. In 1845 he embarked in the mercantile business at 
 Elkland, where he carried on merchandising one year. He subsequently conducted 
 the same line of business at Nelson and Osceola, his mercantile career extending over 
 a period of thirty years. In 1869, as a member of the firm of Seely, Coates & Com- 
 pany, he established a bank at Knoxville, which existed for eight years. In 1877 
 he founded a bank at Osceola, which he has carried on successfully up to the 
 present. In 1885, as a member of the firm of Tucker & Seely, he established the 
 Farmers' and Traders' Bank, of Westfield. This partnership existed until November, 
 1892, when he was succeeded by his son, Frank J. Mr. Seely was married in Feb- 
 ruary, 1847, to Harriet Beebe, a daughter of Anson and 'Lucy (Lincoln) Beebe, of 
 Lawrenceville, Tioga county, and is the father of four children, viz: Mrs. Stella 
 A. Taylor, Ida V., deceased wife of Dr. C. H. Bosworth; Frank J., and Ed. M. 
 Politically, Mr. Seely is a EepubHcan, and in religion, a member of the Presbyterian 
 church. 
 
 Peank J. Seelt was bom. in Osceola, Tioga county, November 14, 1854, and is 
 the third child and eldest son of Morgan Seely. He was reared in Osceola, and ob- 
 tained his education in the public schools of his native town and Wellsboro High 
 School. In 1875 he engaged in merchandising at Nelson, where he continued in 
 business until 1884. He then entered the banking house of his father, at Osceola, 
 and filled the ofl&ce of cashier until November, 1893, when he removed to Westfield 
 
858 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 to accept the same position in the Farmers' and Traders' Bank^ succeeding his 
 father as a member of the firm of Tucker & Seely. He is also a member of C. W. 
 Morgan & Company, wholesale dealers in hay, grain, etc., established at Osceola in 
 1889, to which place he returned in the spring of 1897. On October 30, 1880, he 
 married Maria Augusta Phelps, a daughter of Volcut C. and Diantha (Smith) 
 Phelps, of Osceola, and has two children, Gertrude and Sara. Mr. Seely is an ardent 
 Eepublican, is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is connected with the P. & 
 A. M., and K. & L. of H. 
 
 Ed. M. Seely, youngest son of Morgan Seely, was bom in Osceola, Tioga 
 county. May 15, 1861. He obtained his education at the public schools and at the 
 State Normal School, Mansfield, and received a preliminary banking training in 
 New York, and in 1880 entered his father's bank in Osceola. He was cashier of that 
 institution from 1882 to 1885. November 1, 1885, he was transferred to the 
 Farmers' and Traders' Bank, of "Westfield, of which he was cashier until November, 
 1892, when he returned to Osceola and resumed his old position as cashier of his 
 father's bank, which he still retains. Mr. Seely was married July 4, 1893, to 
 Kittie M. Strawn, a daughter of Samuel and Ann (Curran) Strawn, of Chatham 
 township. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, he 
 is a Eepublican. 
 
 Andeew Bosaed, one of the early settlers of Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, was born on the old Bosard homestead, in Monroe county, Pennsylvania, 
 February 14, 1780. His grandfather, Johan Philip Bossert, immigrated from Alsace, 
 Germany, in 1729 and settled at Bossardsville, Monroe county, immediately below 
 the Delaware Water Gap, in 1745, where he purchased a tract of land from the 
 sons of William Penn. Andrew there gxew to manhood, and learned the trade of 
 cabinet-making. On February 32, 1804, he married Nancy Hammond, a sister of 
 the late John Hammond, of Elkland, and settled upon a farm about two miles from 
 Bossardsville, where he remained until 1809, when he removed to Chemung county. 
 New York, locating near Elmira. In 1813 he came to the Cowanesque valley and 
 settled on the Bosard homestead, in Osceola, where he practiced the arts of hus- 
 bandry for many years. In 1814, during the War of 1812, he enlisted in the army, 
 but was never mustered into actual service. He died in Osceola on August 30, 
 1858. His wife, Nancy Hammond, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, April 4, 
 1784, and died in Osceola on November 24, 1839. Their children were as follows: 
 James Huntington, Alvers, Emma, Maria, Arthur F., Andrew Keller, Melchior De 
 Pui, Nancy and Peter. Alvers Bosard succeeded to the homestead, and his widow 
 and daughter now occupy the same. James Huntington, Emma and Nancy died 
 in 1834, 1831 and 1836, respectively. Maria married Henry C. Bosworth, in 1843 
 and lived for some lime at Smithfield, Pennsylvania, bub removed to Osceola about 
 1853, and resided there until her death, in 1870. 
 
 Andeew Kellee Bosaed was bom in Osceola, Tioga county, December 27 
 1819, a son of Andrew and Nancy Bosard. He was educated in the common schools 
 and at the TV ellsboro Academy, which he attended for a short time. He leamed the 
 trades of a cabinet-maker and carpenter, aud also taught school four or five years 
 m early manhood, subsequently devoting his attention to working on his farm and 
 at his trade. In October, 1843, he married Hetty CiUy, a daughter of John and 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 859 
 
 Marcia (Goodwin) Cilly, of Osceola. His wife died November 23, 1865, and in 1867 
 he married Anne Sherman. He resided at Osceola until his death, which occurred 
 March 12, 1877. His second wife survived imtil 1882. Mr. Bosard reared a family 
 of ten children, seven by his first wife and three by his second, as follows: James 
 Huntington, bom in 1845, a lawyer of Grand Forks, North Dakota; George Leroy, 
 bom in 1847, a carpenter and farmer, who married Mary Beagle, a daughter of the 
 late Cornelius Beagle, of Elkland, and died in 1878; Jerome Leon, bom in 1849, a 
 carpenter residing in Nelson; Florence Hortense, bom in 1851, who married WilUs 
 K. Bierly, of Williamsport, in 1872, and died in that city in 1873; Sara Louise, 
 bom in 1853, who married Willis E. Bierly, in 1874, and resides at Grand Forks, 
 North Dakota, where her husband is a newspaper man; Willie Bums, who married 
 Carrie Fical, in 1878, and in 1880 removed to North Dakota, and now resides at 
 Emerado; Maria, bom in 1859, wife of Herbert B. Mitchell, of Eock Island, Illinois, 
 a son of Judge John I. Mitchell, of Wellsboro; Emma, born in 1867, wife of J. B. 
 Eedfield, of Farmington; Stella M., bom in 1869, wife of Fred Allison, of Mills, 
 Potter county, and Lizzie, born in 1874, wife of Jesse 0. Treat. In the days of the 
 State Militia, before the war, Mr. Bosard was colonel of his regiment, and was active 
 on muster days at military encampments. During the Eebellion he was employed 
 by the township as recruiting agent, and represented Osceola at Williamsport, Har- 
 risburg and Carlisle. In polities, he was first a Whig of the Henry Clay school, and 
 was one of the first to join the ranks of the Eepublican party at its organization. 
 True to the instinct and teaching of his mother, he was a member of the Presby- 
 terian church, and lived and died in that faith. He was also connected with the 
 I. 0. 0. P. and the F. & A. M., in which societies he always manifested a deep 
 interest. 
 
 Stennett Ceandall was bom in Ehode Island, November 1, 1767, resided in 
 Madison county. New York, for many years, whence he removed to what is now 
 Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1823, settling on the farm originally occu- 
 pied by David Jay. He engaged in farming, and also worked at the shoemaker's 
 trade, having his shop in his dwelling house. His wife, Caty Greenman, bom June 
 10, 1773, bore him a family of eleven children, viz: Silas, Joel, Ehoda, who' married 
 Stephen Card; Tmman, Jairas, Bamey, Stanton, William, Henry, Eussell, and one 
 that died in infaacy. Mrs. Crandall died August 17, 1837, and her husband No- 
 vember 13, 1853. 
 
 Eussell Chandall was bom in Cazenovia, Madison county. New York, Au- 
 gust 9, 1817, and is the youngest son of Stennett Crandall. He was about six years 
 old when his parents located at Osceola, where he attended the pioneer schools of 
 the neighborhood, obtaining but a limited education. At the age of seventeen he 
 commenced life for himself, as a farm hand, working in that capacity eight years. 
 In 1841 he engaged iif general merchandising at Osceola, which he followed suc- 
 cessfully up to 1890, a period of nearly fifty years, when he retired. Mr. Crandall 
 was twice man-ied. His first marriage occurred March 12, 1844, to Jane Seely, a 
 daughter of Nathaniel and Lucy (Kelsey) Seely, pioneers of Osceola. Of the f Jur 
 children bom to this union, three grew to maturity, viz: Francis M., deceased; 
 Vine and Albert; S. His second wife was Mrs. Julia Scott, nee Carr, of Milesburg 
 Pennsylvania. Mr. Crandall is one of the leading citizens of Osceola, with which bor- 
 
860 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 oiigh he has been prominently connected for more than half a century. He took 
 an active part in establishing the Osceola High School, in 1860, served as a school 
 director for twenty-five years, and was treasurer for nearly as long. In politics, he 
 is a Republican. 
 
 Fhancis Marion Cbandall, eldest son of Russell and Jane Crandall, was a 
 native of Osceola, where he followed the mercantile business from 1868 until 1880, 
 when he removed to^ Grand Forks, Forth Dakota. He there continued merchandis- 
 ing until his death, which occurred in 1881. His wife was Orcelia C, a daughter of 
 Charles and Maria (Eng) Toles, of Tioga county, who bore him one son, Charles L. 
 During Lee's invasion, in 1863, he served three months with the Emergency Men. 
 In politics, he was a Republican, and was connected with the Masonic order. 
 
 Vine Ceandall, second son of Russell and Jane Crandall, was born at 
 Osceola, Tioga countj', SeptenAer 17, 1846, and obtained a good education in the 
 Osceola High School. In 1866 he entered the general mercantile business with 
 Philetus Crandall, under the firm name of P. Crandall & Company, in which he con- 
 tinued until 1869. He then located at Knoxville, where, as a member of the firm 
 of Seely, Coates & Company, he was engaged in the banking business a number of 
 years. In 1878 he returned to Osceola, where he has since devoted his attention to 
 lumbering. Mr. Crandall was married December 15, 1869, to Sarah A. Kinney, a 
 daughter of Rev. Chester D. and Eliza (jSTorthrup) Kinney, of Osceola, and has one 
 son, Henry K., bom April 15, 1879. In politics, Mr. Crandall is a Republican, is a 
 member of the F. & A. M., and is a trustee in the Presbyterian church. He is one of 
 the most progressive and enterprising citizens of Osceola. 
 
 Thuman Ceandall, third son of Stennett Crandall, was born in Rensselaer 
 county. New York, February 5, 1796, and settled in what is now Osceola township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1822, taking up 130 acres of land, which he cleared 
 aad improved. In 1850, he embarked in the general mercantile business at Osceola, 
 in which he was engaged for many years. He married Nancy Card, a daughter of 
 Judge Card, of Madison county. New York. She died November 12, 1863. To 
 this union were bom seven children, named as follows: Philetus, Saropta, who 
 married Philip Tubbs; Lydia, who married Henry Seely; Silas G., Phoebe, Charles 
 and Rebecca. Mr. Crandall died March 23, 1882, in his eighty-seventh year. 
 
 Silas G. Ceandall, son of Truman and Nancy Crandall, was bom in what 
 is now Osceola township, Tioga county. May 12, 1827, was reared upon the old 
 homestead, and obtained a limited education in the public schools. He followed 
 farming until 1850, and then engaged in the mercantile business at Osceola with 
 his father aad brother, under the firm name of P. Crandall & Brother. He also 
 built, in connection with others, a tannery at Osceola, which he operated for several 
 years. In 1859 he removed to Nelson, where he was engaged in farming up to 1883. 
 In that year he located at Kno.xville, which has since been his home, where he con- 
 ducted the hardware business for a number of years. Mr. Crandall was married 
 January 24, 1858, to Mary Weeks, a daughter of William and Lovina (Taylor) 
 Weeks, of Osceola township, and has two children: Eva G., wife of James C Good- 
 speed, and Lettie, wife of George W. Bottum. In politics, Mr. Crandall is a Re- 
 publican, and is a member of the E. A. U. 
 
 James Woeks, a native of Exeter, New Hampshire, settled in what is now 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 861 
 
 Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1813. In 1814 he removed to what is 
 known as the Ouderldrk farm, in Farmington township, and thence to Troupsburg, 
 New York, where he died and was buried. His first wife was Eachel Cass, of Exeter, 
 New Hampshire, who bore him six children, viz: James F., Matilda, who married 
 Hosea Aldrich; Loncy, who married George Champlin; Sally, who married a Mr. 
 Clark; Jane, who married a Mr. Brooks, and Asa. His second wife was a Miss 
 Whitaker, to which union was bom one son, Leonidas. 
 
 James F. "Wokks was bom in Exeter, New Hampshire, February 13, 1808, and 
 removed with his parents, James and Eachel Works, to Tioga county when about 
 five years old. He was reared by the Bulkl'ey family, of Osceola, vri.th whom he 
 lived twenty-eight years, and obtained a limited common school education. In 
 1841 he purchased seventy-five acres of land on Holden creek, in Osceola township, 
 upon which he resided until his death, which occurred December 33, 1894, in his 
 eighty-seventh year. His wife, Jane, was a daughter of Selas and Elizabeth (Horton) 
 Taylor, of Osceola, and bore him three children, viz: Esther M., wife of A. L. Brant; 
 Benjamin, deceased, and Justus M. E. Mr. Works was of a retiring disposition, 
 temperate in all'things, and was one of the last of the original settlers in this section 
 of the county to pass to the great beyond. In politics, he was a stanch Democrat, 
 but never took any active interest in public affairs. 
 
 Justus M. E. Woeks, son of James F. and Jane Works, was bom in Osceola, 
 Tioga county, August 13, 1860. He obtained his education in the public schools 
 and Woodhull Academy, and has made farming his vocation, having spent his en- 
 tire life upon the old homestead, where he was born and reared. In politics, he is 
 a Democrat, has held various local oifices in Osceola borough, and is at present a 
 school director. 
 
 John Hazlett, Se., son of Eobert Hazlett, was bom in the North of Ireland, 
 and immigrated to the United States in 1810. The same year he settled in Nelson 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he cleared and improved the farm now 
 occupied by his descendants, upon which he died. On April 11, 1811, he mar- 
 ried Jane Campbell, a daughter of Joseph Campbell, of Nelson township, and their 
 children were as follows: Eachel, who married James Cook; Mary, who married 
 John FHnt; Samuel, who married Catherine Knapp; Archibald, Jane, John, Eliza 
 Ann, who married William Merritt; Sally J., who married Charles Horsley, and 
 Maria, wife of Washington Eichardson. 
 
 John Hazlett, son of John and Jane Hazlett, was bom on the home&tead 
 farm in Nelson township, Tioga county, and spent his entire life there, engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits. He was married March 35, 1855, to Lucy Dunham, a daughter 
 of James and Nancy (Brown) Dunham, of Farmington township. Six children were 
 bom to this marriage, viz: Frank E., Nancy, wife of William Pepper; Edward, 
 Ella, deceased; Fannie, wife of William Monroe, and Herbert. Mr. Hazlett died 
 March 15, 1893. He was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and an adherent of the Ee- 
 publican party. 
 
 Feank E. Hazlett was born in Nelson township, Tioga county, April 3, 1856, 
 and is the eldest son of John and Lucy Hazldtt. He was reared in his native 
 township, and completed his education in the Coming High School. He began his 
 business career as a clerk in the largest grocery house in Ithaca, New York, and f ol- 
 
362 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 lowed that occupation five years. He was subsequently in the employ of the Fall 
 Brook Eailroad Company at Academy Corners for eleven months. In 1885 he 
 embarked in general merchandising at Osceola, which business he has since 
 continued, and by judicious management and strict attention to the details of his 
 business he has built up one of the largest trades in the Cowanesque valley, though 
 he conducts his establishment on a strictly cash basis. In 1894 he built a store in 
 Elmira Heights which is conducted by Hazlett, Monroe & Company. On December 
 23, 1888, Mr. Hazlett married Eula M. Taylor, a daughter of Hiram Taylor, of 
 Osceola, and has three children: Clinton E., John H. and E. Blaine. Politically, 
 he is a Republican, and is now serving as a justice of the peace. He is a member 
 of the Presbyterian church, and is also connected with the K. of H., the K. & L. 
 of H., and the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Henky C. Boswokth, M. D., was bom in Vernon, New York, March 8, 1811, 
 and was a son of Reed and Amarilla (Peck) Bosworth. He was reared in Bradford 
 county, Pennsylvania, and in 1837 was graduated from Geneva Medical' College, New 
 York. For thirteen years he practiced his profession at Smithfield, Bradford county. 
 In 1850 he removed to Deerfield, Tioga county, where he engaged in farming for two 
 years, and also in general merchandising at Academy Comers. In 1853 he re- 
 moved to Osceola, where he continued the mercantile, business up to his death, 
 December 5, 1870. His wife, Maria, was a daughter of Andrew and Nancy (Ham- 
 mond) Bosard, pioneers of Osceola, and bore him three children: Edward E.. Ur- 
 bane A. and Charles H. Dr. Bosworth was a man of genial disposition and pos- 
 sessed hosts of friends. He was a member of the Presbyterian church. In poli- 
 tics, a Republican, he served as postmaster of Osceola from. 1861 to his death. 
 
 Chahles H. Boswoeth, physician and surgeon, was born in Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, November 22, 1851, and is the youngest child of Dr. Henry C. 
 and Maria Bosworth. He was educated at Union and Woodhull Academies, com- 
 menced reading medicine in 1879, and was graduated from the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1881. From 1870 to 1890, he was engaged 
 in general merchandising at Osceola, and was postmaster of that borough from 1879 
 to 1886. He began the active practice of his profession at Osceola in 1890, to 
 which he has since devoted his whole attention. Dr. Bosworth was married Sep- 
 tember 2, 1872, to Ida V. Seely, a daughter of Morgan and Harriet (Beebe) Seely, 
 of Osceola, and has two children: Ford E. and Reed S. Mrs. Bosworth died April 
 14, 1896. In politics, he is a stanch Republican, is a member of the Masonic 
 order, and an adherent of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Peop. Isaac Gunn Hoyt was born in Kingston, Luzerne county, Pennsylva- 
 nia, July 23, 1826, a son of Levi and Sarah (Gunn) Hoyt. His paternal grand- 
 father, Daniel Hoyt, a son of Comfort and Anna (Beach) Hoyt, of Danbury, Con- 
 necticut, settled in Kingston, Pennsylvania, in 1795. His maternal grandfather, 
 Abel Gunn, was a direct descendant of one of the Scottish chiefs, who was head of 
 a claa in the Highlands of Scotland. He came to America prior to the Revolution, 
 and served in that war as a member of Washington's body-guard. The subject of 
 this sketch was educated at the Kingston graded schools, Wyommg Seminary and 
 Poughkeepsie Seminary, and studied music at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 
 Poughkeepsie, New York, and the New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ggg 
 
 Massachusetts. Tor several seasons he attended the annual sessions of the New 
 England Institutes of music, thus availing himself of the advantages to be obtained 
 by these courses under the best musical directors. He devoted his life to the musical 
 profeesion, and to the cultivation of music as an art. His method of teaching was 
 the same as that used by the New England Conservatory of Music, obtained from L. 
 Franklin Snow, secretary of the Conservatory, and consisted of studies from Bach, 
 Moschelles, Kohler, Beethoven and others of the old masters. In 1853 
 Professor Hoyt located at Osceola and entered upon his life-work as 
 a musical instructor. He taught here one year, and in 1854, at 
 Ithaca, New York. From 1856 to 1859 he was musical instructor at 
 Osceola and Union Academy; from 1859 to 1861 at Greensboro Synodi- 
 cal Female College, Atlanta, Georgia; from 1861 to 1865 in the Osceola High 
 School, and from 1866 to 1871 at the State Normal School, Mansfield. In 18,73 he 
 opened the Osceola School of Musical Instruction, which he conducted successfully 
 four yeaJB. In 1884 he was again called to take charge of the Musical Department 
 of the State Normal School at Mansfield, which position he filled until 1887. He 
 resigned and returned to Osceola, where he was engaged in giving musical instruction 
 and dealing in musical instruments up to his death, November 12, 1895. In 1859 
 Professor Hoyt married Charlotte E. Taylor, a daughter of Philip and Sally Taylor, 
 of Osceola. They reared an adopted daughter, Leah Louise. Professor Hoyt was 
 a member of the F. & A. M., and was an adherent of the Eepublican party from its 
 organization. 
 
 Stltanus S. Bakeb was bom in Otsego county. New York, November 38, 
 1813, a son of George and Susan (Knapp) Baiter. He was reared in his native 
 county, whence he removed in 1844 to Chatham township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a year later settled in Westfield township, where he cleared and improved 
 a farm, upon which he died in the winter of 1895. In May, 1834, he married Sally 
 Guiles, a daughter of Eay and Molly (Hodge) Guiles, of Otsego county. New York. 
 Nine children were born to this union, viz: Leroy, M0II3', who married Anderson 
 Burdick; George, Susan, who married Samuel Pierce; Aaron E., Lester, Arsula, who 
 married Albert Gament; Annie, wife of Dana Learn, and Allen. Mr. Baker was a 
 member of the Westfield Methodist church, and in politics, a Eepublican. Mrs. 
 Baker was an able and willing helper, beaxing cheerfully a large part in providing 
 for her family. She was one of whom those who knew her could say only good. 
 
 Aaeon E. Bakek, son of Sylvanus S. Baker, was born in Chatham township, 
 Tioga county. May 25, 1844, and was reared to manhood in Westfield township. 
 In 1867 he located on his present farm situated on the line of Osceola and Farming- 
 ton townships, and lived on the Farmington side up to 1884, when he moved to his 
 new residence in Osceola. Mr. Baker was married December 35, 1866, to Ann 
 Casbeer, a daughter of Eobert and Susan (House) Casbeer, who were among the 
 pioneers of Farmington township. Of the five children born to this union, four are 
 living, viz: Eobert C, Eaymond E., Victor H., and S. Lelia. Mr. Baker and wife 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is superintendent of the 
 Sunday-school, also a class leader. In politics, he is a Prohibitionist, and is a 
 member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 EoBEBT Casbeee Bakeb, eldest son of Aaron E. Baker, was bom in Farming- 
 
gg4 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ton township, Tioga county, August 30, 1868, was reared beneath the parental roof, 
 and obtained his education in the Osceola public schools. With the exception of 
 four years that he clerked in a general store at Osceola, farming has been his occu- 
 pation, and he has lived on his present farm since the fall of 1888. Mr. Baker was 
 married to Phoebe Trances Bulkley, a daughter of George Newton and HannaJi 
 Eudora (Brader) Bulkley, September 11, 1888. Mrs. Baker is a grand-daughter of 
 Newton and Phoebe Ann (Barker) Bulkley, and great-grand-daughter of Israel Bulk- 
 ley, who settled in what is now Osceola in the year 1800. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have 
 two children living. Prances Edna and Anna C. They reside upon the old Newton 
 Bulkley homestead. Mr. Baker is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 while his wife is an adherent of the Presbyterian faith. In politics, he is a Ke- 
 publican. 
 
 Gayloed G. Colvin was born in Herkimer county. New York, and was a son 
 of Joshua Colvin, and a grandson of Joseph Colvin, pioneers of Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. Joshua Colvin improved upwards of 300 acres of 
 land near Academy Corners, in which work he was assisted by our subject. The 
 Colvins were of Ehode Island Quaker stock. Joseph was a son of Joseph, a grandson 
 of Thomas, a great-grandson of Samuel, and a great-great-grandson of John Colvin, 
 the first of the family to settle in America. The children of Joseph and Euth 
 Colvin, the pioneers of Deerfield, were as follows: Wealthy, who married Nehe- 
 miah Eobinson; Joseph, Betsey, who married Daniel Cummings; Lydia, who married 
 Jonathan Matteson; Joshua, Christopher and Thomas. Of these Joshua and Chris- 
 topher were the father and father-in-law, respectively of our subject. Gaylord G. 
 Colvin came with his parents to Deerfield township, Tioga county, and was suc- 
 cessively a farmer and merchant. In later life he removed to Osceola, where he 
 died May 8, 1883, at the age of eighty-two years. His wife, Euth, was a daughter 
 of Christopher and Elizabeth (Hills) Colvin, of Herkimer county. New York. She 
 became the mother of seventeen children, only three of whom grew to maturity, viz: 
 Benjamin P., Daniel C, and Mary C, wife of Charles L. Hoyt. 
 
 Benjamin P. Colvin was born in Herkimer county. New York, January 10, 
 1836, a son of Gaylord G. and Euth Colvin. From the age of seven years, he was 
 reared in Spring Mills, New York. In 1848 he removed to Bingham, Potter county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he lived until 1871. In that year he removed to Osceola, 
 Tioga county, where he was engaged in farming until 1883, when he retired from 
 active business. On January 31, 1862, Mr. Colvin enlisted in Company K, One 
 Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers. In May following he was in- 
 jured in a railroad wreck, between Harper's Ferry and Winchester, Virginia, and 
 was honorably discharged from the service January 31, 1865. In October, 1865, 
 he married Jennie Crissman, of Blairsville, Pennsylvania. Mr. Colvin is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is also connected with the Masonic order and 
 the G. A. E. In politics, he is an advocate of the principles of the Prohibition 
 party. 
 
 John Beown was bom in Sweden, January 2, 1847, a son of Johannes and 
 Kate (Andrus) Brown. He was reared to manhood in his native country, there re- 
 ceived a common school education, and came to the United States in 1869. He re- 
 mained in Hartford, Connecticut, eight months, coming to Fall Brook, Tioga county, 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 865 
 
 Pennsylvania^ in 1870, where he found employment in the mines five yeao-s. In 
 1875 he removed to Elkland, entering the employ of Joel Parkhurst, and in 1876 en- 
 gaged in farming, which business he has since continued. He lived in Elkland up to 
 April 1, 1894, when he removed to Osceola, which was his home until the spring of 
 1897 when he took charge of one of the Pattison estate faxms in Elkland. During 
 "his former residence at Elkland, he was buyer for a large wholesale tobacco house of 
 New York City. On January 34, 1874, he was married in Pall Brook to Christina 
 Hunson, a native of Sweden, and has three children, viz: Anna, Charlie ajid Emma. 
 In politics, Mr. Brown is a Republican, was burgess of Elkland three terms, school 
 director three years and assistant assessor three years. 
 
 HoEACE Eldkidge, a native of Saratoga county. New York, was a son of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth (Graham) Eldridge, natives of Vermont, and New York 
 states, respectively, who settled in Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1847. Horace assisted his father in clearing a farm, and in 1861 returned to 
 Saratoga Springs, New York. In 1862 he enlisted in Company P, Ninety-fifth New 
 York Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Weldon Railroad, near Culpepper, 
 Virginia, in May, 1864. His wife, Mary, was a daughter of Sylvester Hall, of Sara- 
 toga, New York, and bore him two children: Elizabeth, wife of William Baker, of 
 Woodhull, New York, and John Edward, of Osceola, Tioga county. 
 
 John Edwakd Eldkidge was born in Clymer township, Tioga county, Sep- 
 tember 21, 1849, and is the only son of Horace and Maoj Eldridge. He was 
 educated in the common schools of his native township and at Port Edward Jnsti' 
 tute. Fort Edward, New York. He followed clerking in a general store for two years, 
 and from 1866 to 1880 clerked in various hotels, including the Marvin House, Sara- 
 toga Springs, New York; Sun Hotel, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Prasier House, 
 Blmira, New York. Since 1880 he has been employed in the Osceola tannery, and 
 for the past ten years has held the important position of superintendent of the 
 liquor department, being in charge of the liquid used in tanning leather. Mr. 
 Eldridge was married October 4, 1874, to Mary Gleason, a daughter of John and 
 Mary Gleason, of Elmira, New York. They have four children, viz: George, 
 Prances, "Walter and Gertrude. In politics, Mr. Eldridge is a Democrat, and is a 
 member of the K. of H. 
 
 Pbop. Aetemtjs Edwaeds was bom at Norwich, Chenango county. New York, 
 October 31, 1843, and is a son of Andrew and Sarah A. (Brookins) Edwards. He was 
 educated at Professor Kenyon's academy, Troupsburg, New York, and Alfred Uni- 
 versity, Alfred, New York, and began his career as a teacher at seventeen years of 
 age. He taught twenty terms in the common schools of New York state. On 
 March 27, 1863, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Sixty-first New York 
 Volunteers, was with General Banks on the Red River Expedition, and took part in 
 the battles of Spanish Port and Port Blakely. He was honorably discharged at 
 Tallahassee, Plorida, November 17, 1865, and returned to his home in New York, 
 where he resumed teaching. In 1882 he located at Westfield, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, where he was principal of the graded schools six years. In 1888 he be- 
 came principal of the Osceola High School, a position he filled in a very creditable 
 manner and to the satisfaction of the people up to the spring of 1896. In the 
 autumn of that year he took charge of the schools at Potter Brook, which position 
 
 55 
 
ggg HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 he Still occupies. On March 14, 1867, he married Maria BroTO, a daughter of 
 Joseph and Sarah (Bartles) Brown, of Oxford, New York, ajid had three children 
 by this union: Fr^d E., Edith M. and PaulJ. His second wife was May Northrop, 
 a daughter of Dr. G. W. and W. Ellen (De Wolf) Northrop, of Bradford county, 
 Pennsylvania, who is *he mother of two children: George A. and Ellen M. 
 Professor Edwards is a Democrat, in politics, and in religion, a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. He is a E. A. M. in the Masonic order, and is also 
 
 connected with the G. A. R. 
 
 Geoege Eebek was bom in Locust Valley, Schuylkill county, PennsylYania, 
 September 19, 1824, and is a son of George and Mary (Knittle) Eeber. His paternal 
 grandfather, George Eeber, was a native of Schuylkill county, where he kept a 
 hotel for many years, and was an extensive owner of coal lands. His maternal 
 grandfather, Abraham Knittle, was a prominent farmer of that county. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was reared in Schuylkill county, and received a meagre common 
 school education. He served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade, which he 
 completed in 1851, and followed that vocation upwards of thirty years. In 1885 
 he located at Academy Comers, Tioga county, where he was engaged in quarrying 
 stone for three years. He quarried the first flag-stone from the Ingham quarry, 
 near Academy Corners, and also from the Westfield quarry. In 1888 he located at 
 Osceola, where for the past nine years he has been engaged in quarrying a fine grade 
 of flag-stone from a quarry which he leased at that place. Mr. Eeber has been twice 
 married. His first wife, Mary Jane Cavenaugh, was a daughter of James and Mary 
 (Clark) Cavanaugh, of Elmira, New York, and bore him five children, viz: James, 
 George, Charles, Ella and Wilson. His second wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Eeed, nee 
 Fuller. Mr. Eeber is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, 
 a Eepublican. 
 
 Edwin E. Claek, physician and surgeon, was bom in WoodhuU, Steuben 
 county, New York, May 15, 1866, and is a son of Eleazer and Julia A. (Johnson) 
 Clark, and is of New England ancestry. He was reared in New York state, and was 
 educated in the common schools and Starkey Seminary. In 1889 he commenced 
 the study of medicine, and was graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 Baltimore, Mai7land, in April, 1893. In May of that year he located at Osceola, 
 where he has gradually built up a good practice, and has secured the confidence and 
 esteem of the community. Dr. Clark was married October 17, 1894, to Bertha May 
 Duley, a daughter of John G. and Alice (Ives) Duley, of Osceola. He is a member 
 of the P. & A. M., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Lewis J. Claek was bom at Scio, Allegany coimty. New York, July 10, 1867, 
 and is a son of John and Sarah (Eussell) Clark. His maternal grand- 
 parents, Hamilton and Sarah (Van Zile) Eussell, were pioneers of Osceola, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where his grandfather was a miller and merchant, 
 and died in that place. Lewis J. was reared in his native county, and began his 
 business life clerking in a general store at Allentown, New York, in which capacity 
 he served one year. He then learned telegraphy and was an operator on the Brad- 
 ford, Eldred and Cuba railroad, and also carried on a variety store at Allentown f our 
 years. For a short time he was employed as a traveling salesman, and for two yeai's 
 was a band leader and director of music in Allegany county. New York, and Potter 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §67 
 
 county, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1895 he opened a grocery and variety store 
 at Osceola, Tioga county, and has since built up a good trade. On .February 30, 
 1895, he married Euth, a daughter of 0. B. and Mary Van Velzor, of "Wirt Centre, 
 Allegany county. New York. In politics, he is a Populist, and is a member of the 
 I. 0. 0. P., the Jr. 0. U. A. M., the Knights of St. John and Malta, and the College 
 of Ancients. 
 
 W. Eensselaek Colvin was born in WoodhuU, Steuben county, New York, 
 May 39, IS'^O, a son of DeLaneey and Mary (Brooks) Colvih. He was educated at 
 "WoodhuU Union school, where he graduated in 1889. Mr. Colvin began life as 
 a merchant, which he continued five years, and subsequently was a buyer of live 
 stock for the New York markets. In. the fall of 1894 he embarked in the hotel 
 business "at Osceola, where he has since conducted one of the best hotels in Tioga 
 county, known as the Osceola Hotel. On December 34, 1890, he married Cora 
 "Wildrick, a daughter of "William and Susannah (Tubbs) "Wildrick, of "Woodhull, 
 New York, who died November 15, 1896. Mr. Colvin is a member of the K. 0. T. 
 M.., and in politics, an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 CHAPTEE LXI. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 Deeepield Township and Knoxville Borough— Westfield Township and 
 
 BOEOUGH— BrOOKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 "William Knox, formerly a resident of the Mohawk valley, New York, settled 
 in what is now Deerfield township, Tiog'a county, Pennsylvania, in 1798, on the 
 lands now owned by William J., George W. and John "W. Knox. "With the assist- 
 ance of his sons, he cleared and improved a farm here, upon which he resided until 
 his death. His wife was Margaret Colton, and their children were as follows: 
 John, William, Archibald, James, Colton, Betsey, who married Charles Carpenter, 
 and Dolly, who married -John E. "White. Mr. Knox died in the prime of life, but 
 left numerous descendants to perpetuate his name and revere his memory. 
 
 James Knox, son of William Knox, was the first white male child bom in what 
 is now Deerfield toivnship, Tioga county, his birth occurring March 38, 1800. He 
 spent his whole life in Deerfield, was an extensive land owner and a prominent 
 farmer. The homestead farm is now owned and occupied by his sons, Minzo W. and 
 Aaron. The house built by Mr. Knox in 1836, is now the home of the former. 
 He married Ann Faulkner, a daughter of Joseph Faulkner, of Deerfield, and their 
 
868 HISTOHY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 children are as follows: Archibald D., Franklin W., Harriet, wife of Peter Bosard; 
 Eleanor, Angeline, wife of John Husted; Aaron, and Minzo W. Mr. Knox died 
 September 20, 1881, in his eighty-second year. 
 
 Aechibald D. Knox, eldest son of James Knox, was born in Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, October 3, 1821, was reared upon the homestead farm, and 
 cleared a portion of the farm now owned by his son, Edward L., as well as that 
 owned by his son, George H., settling on the latter in 1852. He was twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Abigail Ann Eushmore, a daughter of Peter and Millie 
 Eushmore, of Clymer township, Tioga county, who bore him one daughter, Mary, 
 wife of F. V. Balch. His second wife was Julia A. White, a native of Erie coimty, 
 New York, and a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Horton) AVhite. Seven chil- 
 dren were born to this union, five of whom grew to maturity, viz: Abbie C!, wife of 
 E. A. Bean; Helen A., wife of Linden Case; Laura M., wife of J. C. White; Edward 
 L. and George H. Mr. Knox died Jime 25, 1892. He was a Eepublican, in poli- 
 tics, was superintendent of the Tioga county poor house for one year, and was a 
 well-known, representative farmer. 
 
 Edwaed L. Knox, son of Archibald D. and Julia A. (White) Knox, was bom 
 in Deerfield t-ownship, Tioga county, July 4, 1855. He was reared in this county, 
 and received his education in the common schools and "Qnion Academy. Farming 
 has been his life vocation, and since 1877, with the exception of two years, he has 
 lived on his present farm in Deerfield township. In September, 1878, he married 
 Mary Vredenburg, a daughter of George and Malinda (Leinaburg) Vredenburg, of 
 Knoxville. Three children were born to this union, all of whom are dead. Mr. 
 Knox is a member of the P. of H., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Geohge H. Knox, son of Archibald D. and Julia A. ("RTiite) Knox, was born 
 in Knoxville, Tioga county, April 8, 1860. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Williamsport Commercial College, and since attaining his majority 
 he has been engaged in farming the old homestead. Mr. Knox was married April 
 25, 1883, to Carrie A. Everitt, a daughter of Noah and Catherine (Winfield) Everitt, 
 of Deerfield township, and has two children, C. LaEue and Lulu B. In politics, he 
 is a Eepublican, has served two terms as school director, and three terms as auditor 
 of the township. He is also a member of the Grange. 
 
 Ebenezeh Seelye was born in Connecticut, and served throughout the Eevo- 
 lutionary War in Sheldon's Light Horse, a Connecticut company, a portion of the 
 time under Washington. He was married in Connecticut to Mehetabel Todd, and 
 later removed with lus family to Lindley, Steuben coimty. New York, where he 
 improved a large tract of land. In March, 1799, they removed from New York 
 to what is now DeerBeld township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled imme- 
 diately east of Academy Corners. Here Mr. Seelye erected a saw-mill in 1810, one 
 of the first in the Cowanesque valley. He died June 23, 1837, in the eighty-second 
 year of his age. His wife died May 27, 1839, in her eighty-third year. Their children 
 were as follows: Mehetabel, Anna, Lucina, Laura, Julius, Elanson, Harvey Eleazer 
 and Sally, who was born May 4, 1800— the first female child bom in Deerfield 
 township-and married Prince King. Mr. Seelye was a Quaker in religion, an 
 upnght man, and a good neighbor and citizen. Many of his descendants are among 
 the leading people of Tioga county. 
 
BI06HAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Elanson Seelte was born in Connecticut, and married Mercy Howland, a 
 native of Ehode Island, and one of the early teachers of Tioga county. Her par- 
 ents, John and Lois (Eddy) Howland, came with their son, Dr. Eddy Howland, to 
 Deerfield township in 1803. To Elanson and Mercy Seelye were bom fourteen 
 children, as follows: "Willard, Ebenezer, John, Mercy, Hulda, Lois, David, Eddy, 
 Chloe, Susan, Eoby, Elanson, Malvin and Franklin. Of these Eddy, Elanson, Mal- 
 vin, Lois and Eoby survive. Mr. Seelye died on the old homestead in Deerfield, 
 December 29, 1866, in his seventy-fourth year. His wife died November 35, 1867, 
 in the seventy-fifth year of her age. Like his father, Mr. Seelye was a stanch Demo- 
 crat, was an adherent of the Quaker faith, and an honored and respected citizen. 
 
 De. Eddy Howland was a son of John Howland, a descendant of John How- 
 land, one of three brothers who came to America in the Mayflower in 1620. The 
 Doctor and his father were among the pioneers of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 locating in what is now Deerfield township in 1803. His father is said to have 
 raised the first tobacco in the Cowanesque valley. Dr. Howland took up a large 
 tract of land, a pajt of which is still owned by his descendants, which he cleared 
 and improved with the assistance of his sons. He erected a saw-mill in 1804, estab- 
 lished a store in 1814, and built a cider-mill in 1817. He spent the remaining 
 years of his life upon the old homestead, and at his death was buried thereon. He 
 married Molly Parker, a native of Massachusetts, and their children were as fol- 
 lows: Eoby, who married Benjamin Smith; Eeuben, Eunice, second wife of Ben- 
 jamin Smith; John, Joseph, Polly, Eddy, Prince, and Olive, who married Charles 
 Hackett. 
 
 Eddy Howland, son of Dr. Eddy Howland, was born on the old homestead in 
 Deerfield township, Tioga county, March 12, 1808, and resided there until his 
 death, October 23, 1893. He married Charlotte Eexford, a daughter of Dr. John 
 Eexford, of Troupsburg, New York, August 5, 1832, and reared a family of three 
 children, viz: Harriet, wife of Nelson Eay; Charles E., and Maria, wife of William 
 Wagner. Of Quaker ancestry, Mr. Howland always lived up to that creed, and 
 was an estimable and worthy citizen. In polities, he was a Democrat, held the of&ce 
 of commissioner of Tioga county two terms, and for many years was a justice of the 
 peace. It is said that none of his decisions were ever reversed by a higher court. 
 
 Chakles E. Howland, son of Eddy Howland, was bom on the old homestead 
 in Deerfield township, Tioga county, August 5, 1836, and obtained his education 
 in the common schools and Union Academy. Farming has been his principal 
 occupation since early manhood, though for fourteen years he followed merchan- 
 dising at Academy Comers, and has also been extensively engaged in shipping 
 baled hay to eastern markets, having shipped as many as 333 carloads in one winter 
 to one man, besides other large shipm.ents. On October 16, 1859, Mr. Howland 
 married Elizabeth Smith, a daughter of Henry and Phoebe (Cook) Smith, of Nelson 
 township, and has three sons: Eay, Harry and Arthur. In politics, he is an ardent 
 Democrat, has filled various local oflices, and was postmaster at Academy Corners one 
 term. Mr. Howland is the owner of two fine farms in Deerfield township, and 
 is one of the progressive farmers of the county. 
 
 Emhee Bowen, Se., a son of Ezra Bowen, and a native of Massachusetts, came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and settled in Deerfield township, where 
 
870 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 he cleared and improTed what is known as the old Bowen homestead. Here he 
 resided until his death, May 3, 1841, aged seventy-one years. His wife, Huldah 
 Howland, was a direct descendant of John Howland, who came to America in the 
 Mayflower. She died July 9, 1847, aged seventy-two years. Their children were 
 as follows: Lois, who married Elisha Train; Orpha, who married Gamer Monroe; 
 Cynthia, who married Abram Pease; Samuel, who married Polly Cook; Miriam, 
 who married Ashbel Monroe; Otis D., who m.arried Melinda Luce; Benjamin S., 
 who married Hannah Whitaker; Susannah, who married Theodore Doty; Bmmer, 
 who married Nancy A. Clark; Patience, who married Leonard Daniels, and Huldah, 
 who became the wife of Oliver Pease. All the children are dead. The grand- 
 children of Emmer Bowen, Sr., number over 100, while his descendants by inter- 
 marriage are far more numerous. Mr. Bowen was a Quaker, in religion, and a man 
 of strong character and strict integrity. 
 
 Emmee Bowen was bom on the old homestead in Deerfield township, Tioga 
 county, May 37, 1815, a son of Emmer and Huldah Bowen. He was reared midst 
 scenes of pioneer life, and attended the common school of his district. He re- 
 mained on the old farm up to 1880, when he removed to the home of his son, Enoch 
 E., where he resided until his death, February 7, 1896, at the ripe age of nearly 
 eighty-one years. On December 13, 1837, he married jSTaney A. Clark, a daughter 
 of Eleazer and Abigail (Armstrong) Clark, of Deerfield township. She was born 
 in Eliode Island, in 1815, and bore him iovac children, two of whom grew to maturity, 
 viz: Enoch E., deceased, and Abbie C, wife of Henry E. Hayes, of Brooklyn, New 
 York. The widow lived with her son, Enoch E., in Deerfield township, until his 
 death. In 1840 Mr. Bowen and his brother, Benjamin, in company with a few 
 capitalists, built a large woolen factory in Deerfield township, of which they soon 
 afterwards became sole proprietors. They carried on the business successfully 
 imtil 1847, when the plant was burned. With characteristic enterprise they imme- 
 diately rebuilt the mill and continued the business until January, 1863, when it 
 was purchased by the late Joseph Ingham, and is now operated by J. S. Ingham & 
 Sons. Throughout this period Mr. Bowen was also engaged in lumbering and 
 farming. He was a man of strong convictions and inflexible principles, thoroughly 
 unselfish, and possessing unbounded faith and confidence in his fellowmen. °He 
 was one of the best known and most highly respected citizens of the community in 
 which his entire life was passed, and his jovial manners and lovable traits ca^ed 
 him to be widely known by the title of "Uncle Emmer." Mr. Bowen was for maav 
 years a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a pioneer in the F & A 
 M. and the I. 0. 0. P. societies. In poHties, he was originally a Whig, and a Ee- 
 pubJican from the birth of that party. 
 
 Enoch E. Bowen, son of Emmer and Nancy A. Bowen, was bom in Deerfield 
 township, Tioga county, October 6, 1838, there grew to manhood, and spent his 
 entire life near the place of his birth. He lived on the old homestead up to 1880, 
 when he purchased a farm in the same township, on which he died, April 17 1896 
 Mr. Bowen was married to Addie Guinnip, a daughter of E. H. and Adeline (Canan) 
 Gumnip, of Elmira, May 7, 1874. Politically, he was an ardent Eepublican. He 
 was a quiet, unpretentious man, a good neighbor, and an afEectionate son 
 
 Benjamin S. Bowen, a son of Emmer Bowen, Sr., was bom in Deerfield town- 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 871 
 
 ship, Tioga county, in 1807, and spent his entire life on the old homestead. He 
 maxried Hannah C, a daughter of Jabez B. and Thankful (Champlin) Whitaker, 
 who came from Ehode Island. Mrs. Bowen's brother, John C. Whitalcer, was a 
 leading physician, of Tioga county, and also filled the office of associate jiidge. She 
 became the mother of ten children, viz: lisura, who married J. D. Eay; John, 
 Samuel B., Mary, who married J. W. Allen; George C, Benjamin F., Sarah M., wife 
 of Dr. A. J. Heggie; Emmer H., Ezra E. and William H. Mr. Bowen died in 1889, 
 aged eighty-two years. From early manhood he was a member of the Free Baptist 
 church, and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Geoege C. Bowen, son of Benjamin S. and Hannah C. Bowen, was bom in 
 Deerfield township, Tioga county, November 11, 1838, and was reared in his native 
 township. He was educated in the common schools and at Union Academy, them 
 under the charge of Samuel B. Price, its founder. In 1859 he commenced clerk- 
 ing, and followed that vocation until 1874. Politically, he has always been a Ee- 
 publican. In the winter of 1874-75, he was doorkeeper of the Senate at Harris- 
 burg. In 1875 he was elected register and recorder of Tioga county, and was 
 re-elected three times in succession, filling the oilice four terms. During President 
 Harrison's administration, he was private secretary for the Commissioner of Cus- 
 toms two years, at Washington, D. 0. Since 1893 he has made his home in Elmira, 
 New York, and is at present a commercial traveler. In 1860, Mr. Bowen married 
 Hannah P. Stebbins, a daughter of Ebenezer and Hannah (Pierce) Stebbins, of 
 Jamestown, New York, and has three children: Charles E., Martha S., wife of G. 
 J. Stewart, and Anna P. Mr. Bowen is a member of the I. 0. 0. P.,and the K. 
 of H. 
 
 ^ John Goodspeed, Se., was bom in Vermont, in 1801, a son of Cornelius and 
 Phoebe Goodspeed, and grandson of Anthony and Abigail Goodspeed. In 1813 
 the family came to Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where the parents spent 
 the remaining years of their lives. John grew to manhood amidst the scenes of 
 pioneer days and acquired a good education for that period. He taught school 
 and also followed surveying, being employed by the Bingham estate as one of their 
 land agents and surveyors up to 1836. In that capacity he became widely known 
 throughout the Cowanesque valley. About this time he engaged in merchandising 
 at Knoxville, which business he followed many years, and also dealt quite extensively 
 in lumber. His long residence in Knoxville and his business enterprise entitles 
 him to recognition as one of its leading pioneers. Mr. Goodspeed died in that town, 
 August 26, 1864, in tlie sixty-fourth year of his age. His wife, Orril( Scott) Good- 
 speed, a daughter of Luke Scott, survived him one year, dying August 13, 1865, in 
 the sixty-seventh year of her age. They were the parents of seven children, named 
 as follows: Francis, John, Charles, Emily, Samuel, Charlotte and James. 
 
 John Goodspeed, Je., was bom in Knoxville, Tioga county, November 15, 
 1832, second son of John Goodspeed, Sr. He was reared in his native town and 
 there engaged in the mercantile business, which he followed until his removal to Sa- 
 binsville, where he died August 33, 1895. He married Melissa A. Phillips, a native 
 of Shippen township, Tioga county. She was bom June 31, 1828, a daughter of 
 Eiehard and Amity Phillips, a grand-daughter of Sylvester and Eachel Phillips, and 
 great-grand-daughter of Eiehard and Mercy Phillips, and died in Sabinsville, Janu- 
 
872 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ary 5, 1894. They were the paients of four children, viz: John Francis, James 
 C, Mary and Ella. 
 
 JoHK P. GooDSPBED was bom in Westfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, De- 
 cember 8, 1854, and is the eldest son of John ajid Melissa A. (Phillips) Goodspeed. 
 He was reared in Deerfield township, and educated in the piiblic schools of KnoxviUe, 
 Pennsylvania, and Elmira, New York. For two years he was engaged in the grocery 
 trade at KnoxviUe, and in 1884 located at Sabinsville, where for ten years he was 
 manager of a general store. In 1894 he embarked in the grocery, and hoot and 
 shoe business at Sabinsville, which he continued up to the spring of 1896. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and has filled the office of treasurer of Clymer town- 
 ship since 1891. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also of 
 the K. of H. Mr. Goodspeed wa^ married January 30, 1877, to Ida Johnson, a 
 daughter of Joel and Caroline (Ives) Johnson, of KnoxviUe. They are the parents 
 of three chUdren, named as follows: Leon F., Charles L. and James G. 
 
 James C. Goodspeed, now a prominent insurance man of Eochester, New 
 York, was bom in Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, November 3, 
 1858, the second son of John and MeUssa A. (PhiUips) Goodspeed, and is a de- 
 scendant of one of the oldest families of the county. He was reared in Deerfield, 
 attended the public schools of that township, and later the Elmira Academy, and 
 graduated from Warner's Business College, Elmira, New York, in the class of 1879. 
 In 1881 he embaxked in the general insurance business at KnoxviUe, which he 
 successfully prosecuted here in connection with dealing in real estate, until his re- 
 moval to Eochester, New York. Mr. Goodspeed was married December 15, 1880, 
 to Gertrude CrandaU, a daughter of Silas G. and Mary (AVeeks) Crandall, of Nelson 
 township, Tioga county. They are the parents of seven children, viz: Mary M., 
 Eva G., Helen C, Grace, Gertrude, Irving and Jeannie S. In politics, Mr. Good- 
 speed is a Democrat, and has filled several local offices in KnoxviUe. He is a E. 
 A. M. in the Masonic order, also a K. T. of Tyagaghton Commandery. 
 
 Chaeles Caepentee, a native of New England, was one of the first settlers 
 of the Cowanesque valley. He located on the site of Osceola, but a few years later 
 removed to Deerfield township and settled on the farm now occupied by the widow 
 of Lorentes Carpenter, which he partially cleared and improved. He died upon 
 that farm, as did also his parents, who came with him to Tioga coomty. His wife 
 was Lucy Darling, and they had a family of six children, viz: James, Abijah, 
 Charles, Sylvia, who married N. P. Eobinson; Lyman, and Samuel. 
 
 Lyman Caepentee, a sou of Charles Carpenter, was born May 5, 1796, and 
 was reai-ed to manhood in Deerfield township. After his father's death, he suc- 
 ceeded to the homestead farm, but later in life sold it and moved to Brookfield 
 township and thence to Farmington, where he died February 19, 1873. He was 
 twice married. His first wife was Almira Cook, a daughter of Levi and Elizabeth 
 (Calkins) Cook, who bore him a family of twelve children, as follows: EHzabeth, 
 who married Curtis Tifl;any; Lorentes, Arthxir, Polly, whose first husband was 
 Eldridge Eathbone, and second husband John Casner; Levi, Celestia, who married 
 Caleb Stadon; Sylvia, who married Charles Cronrath; Charles, Valores B., Maxey 
 B., Samantha, who first married Wallace Green and afterwards Normaji Bovee, 
 and George B. Mr. Carpenter's second wile was Mrs. Alta Elwood. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 873 
 
 LoEBNTES Caepentee, eldest son of Lyman and Almira Carpenter, was bom 
 in Deerfield township, Tioga county, April 4, 1823. He was reared on the homestead, 
 and during the sixties located on the farm now the home of his son, Willard S., 
 where he resided six years. Pie then purchased the Carpenter homestead, and lived 
 there until his death, October 7, 1893. He married Lois Seelye, a daughter of Elan- 
 son and Mercy (Howlaaid) Seelye, May 14, 1846. On the paternal side, she was a 
 grand-daughter of Ebenezer and Mahetabel (Todd) Seelye, and on the maternal side, 
 of John and Lois (Eddy) Howland, all pioneers of Tioga county. She bore him the 
 following children: Mercy S., deceased; Willard S., A. Delphine, who married 
 Ephraim Shaut; Delia, who married Grant Seely; Hattie, Belle, widow of C. Ells- 
 worth Clark; Clara, deceased wife of John Northrop; Frank, and Frances, twins. 
 Frank married Mamie Harrison, and Frances is dead. Mr. Carpenter was a mem- 
 ber of the Free Will Baptist church, and in politics, a Democrat. His widow lives 
 on the old homestead. 
 
 WiLLAED S. Caepentee, eldest son of Lorentes Carpenter, was born in Deer- 
 field township, Tioga county, Xovember 24, 1848. He was reared upon the home- 
 stead farm, and obtained his education in the public schools and Union Academy. 
 He has spent his entire life in Deerfield township, and has resided upon his present 
 farm of 225 acres since 1886, sixty acres of which he cleared. Mr. Carpenter was 
 married May 14, 1873, to Emma Daniels, a daughter of Henry F. ajid Esther 
 (Close) Daniels, of Deerfield township, who has had four children, viz: Leah, wife 
 of Frank J. Doan; Fred L., Ada E., and Walter L., deceased. In polities, he is 
 a Democrat, and in religion, a member of the Baptist church. He is one of the 
 representative farmers of Deerfield township, as well as a descendant of two of the 
 oldest families of Tioga county. 
 
 Eleazee Claek was bom in Burrellsville, Ehode Island, October 6, 1788, a 
 son of Capt. Eleazer and Pmdence Clark. His father was a farmer and cooper, was 
 captain of a company during the Eevolution, and lived and died in Rhode Island. 
 Our subject was reared in that State, was a cooper by trade, and came to Deerfield 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1817, locating on the farm now owned 
 and occupied by his son, Elias H. It embraces 200 acres, which he cleared and 
 improved. He followed his trade in connection with agriculture for upwards of 
 forty years, and was regarded as the best mechanic in his line for miles around. 
 Mr. Clark was twice married. His first wife was Abigail Armstrong, of Rhode 
 Island, who became the mother of five children, viz: Nancy, who married Emmer 
 Bowen; Roswell, William, Eleazer, and Abigail, who married Enoch Steere. His 
 second wife of Rosamond Salisbury, a daughter of John Salisbury, of Elkland, 
 Tioga county. Five children were bom to this union, viz: Erastus, George W., 
 Sarah J., wife of Franklin Fairchilds; Elias H. and Susan H. Mr. Clark died on 
 the old homestead in Deerfield township, October 7, 1863, being one day over 
 seventy-four years old. He was an enterprising and progressive farmer, a good 
 citizen and kind neighbor. In politics, he was a Democrat, and always took a com- 
 mendable interest in public affairs. 
 
 Elias H. Claek, youngest son of Eleazer and Rosamond Clark, was bom on 
 the old homestead in Deerfield township, Tioga county, April 38, 1836, and ob- 
 tained his education in the common schools and Union Academy. He has spent 
 
874 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COITNTY. 
 
 his entire life upon the old homestead, which he inherited from his father. He 
 has been an extensive tobacco grower since 1882, and is a breeder of Holstein cattle, 
 and has been a breeder of Hambletonian and Pereheron horses. Mr. Clark was mar- 
 ried May 11, 1862, to Marietta Close, a daughter of David and Maria (Sweet) Close, 
 of Westfield, Tioga county. Six children have blessed this union, viz: Byron L., 
 Cecil A., Eosamond M., Clare E. and Horton E. In politics, Mr. Clark is a Ke- 
 publican, is connected with the E. A. U., and is recognized as a progressive and 
 enterprising farmer. 
 
 Cecil A. Clakk, son of Elias H. and Marietta (Close) Clark, was bom on the 
 old Clark homestead in Deerfield township, Tioga county, February 13, 1864, where 
 he also grew to manhood. He was educated at the Osceola High School, and since 
 attaining his majority has been engaged in farming. In 1884 he removed to Brook- 
 field township, remaining there until 1894, when he located in Westfield town- 
 ship, where he has since been engaged in farming, making a specialty of raising 
 potatoes and buying and selling stock. Mr. Clark was married December 21, 1885, 
 to Ida Grist, a daughter of Chester and Amanda (Bowman) Grist, of Athens, Penn- 
 sylvania, and has four children, viz: EarlE., Marietta, Ivan L., and Manning. 
 In politics, he is a Eepublican; is a member of the F. & A. M., and the I. 0. 0. F., 
 and is one of the successful farmers of the township. 
 
 C. Elswobth Claek was bom in Osceola, Tioga county, August 25, 1861, 
 a son of Eleazer and Julia (Johnson) Clark, of Steuben county, ISTew York. His 
 father was a native of Tioga county, Pennsylvania, a son of Eleazer Clark, Sr. 
 Elsworth was educated in Osceola and at the business college in Elmira, New York, 
 graduating in both places. He later took charge of the old Clark homestead in 
 Steuben county, and afterwards of the old Carpenter homestead in Tioga county, 
 and was a thrifty, prosperous farmer. He married Belle Carpenter, a daughter 
 of Lorentes and Lois Carpenter, who survives him. Mr. Clark died Ifovember 
 29, 1893, leaving two children, Clarence E. and Loren C. 
 
 Joseph Falkneh, Sb., a native of New York state, was one of the early settlers 
 of Deerfield township, Tioga county, where he cleared and improved a farm now 
 the home of the widow of his sons, William and Joseph. Here he died in 1838 
 He married Phoebe Monroe, and reared a laxge family, eight of whom grew to 
 maturity. William served in the Civil War and died in a hospital at Washington, 
 D. C, June 21, 1864; Margaret, married William Hoskins; Levi, died in Knox- 
 ville; Elizabeth, married Silas Finch; Mary J., married John Cook; Lucinda, mar- 
 ried Smith Cornell; Joseph, died in Deerfield township, and Phoebe, married Miles 
 Finch. 
 
 Joseph Falkneb, Jb., was bom on the old homestead in Deerfield township, 
 Tioga county, April 25, 1829, and spent the greater portion of his life thereon, 
 making farming his vocation. On June 29, 1865, he married Mrs. Eleanor Fdk- 
 ner, widow of his brother, WilUam, and daughter of William and Polly (Humphrev) 
 Wass, pioneers of Chatham township. Mrs. Falkner was born near Elmira New 
 York, but was reared in Chatham township, Tioga county. She was married at 
 her father's home to William Falkner, after whose death she became the wife of his 
 brother, Joseph, who died March 16, 1895. In politics, Mr. Falkner was a 
 Democrat. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 875 
 
 Levi Faulkner was born in Deerfield township. Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 !N'ovember 21, 1814, and died at Knoxville, January 30, 1889, in the seventy-fifth 
 year of his age. He was a son of Joseph and Phoebe (Monroe) Faulkner, of New 
 York, who were among the early settlers of Tioga county. He was reared in Deer- 
 field, and after his parents' death had charge of the homestead farm until his mar- 
 riage, when he started out in life for himself, settling on a farm immediately east 
 of Knoxville, which is yet in possession of his widow. Mr. Faulkner was twice 
 married. His first wife was Polly Butler, of Otsego county, New York. She 
 •died September 1, 1863, in her fiftieth year. In September, 1864, he married 
 Miss Sarah A. Dearman, a daughter of George and Olive (Beach) Dearman, and 
 sister of Albert and Justus Dearman, a sketch of whom appears in this chapter. 
 She is the mother of two children: Mary L., and Wilson, the latter of whom died 
 in infancy. Mrs. Faulkner resides in Knoxville. Mr. Faulkner dealt quite ex- 
 tensively in live stock, was a careful, honest business man, and was respected most 
 by those who knew him best. 
 
 Silas Billings took a conspiciious part in the lumbering business on the 
 Cowanesque river and Pine creek in early days, and for many years was one of the 
 leading operators in this section of the State. He was bom in Amherst, Massa- 
 chusetts, May 23, 1790, and in 1820 settled on Seely creek, in Southport township, 
 Chemung county. New York, where he operated a linseed oil and wool-carding 
 mill. In 1822 he sold his factory and removed to Knoxville, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, purchasing large tracts of timber lands on the Cowanesque. Here he 
 built an extensive pearl ashery in 1823, and the same year he and his brother-in- 
 law. Col. Hiram Freeborn, erected a distillery, which business he carried on several 
 years. He also opened a store in the village and was the leading merchant of 
 Knoxville for a long period. In 1824 he erected a linseed-oil mill, and the follow- 
 ing year a ,giist-mill; operated several saw-mills and a tannery at different periods, 
 and conducted a hotel for the accommodation of travelers from 1836 to 1840, thus 
 setting an example of business enterprise to the people of the valley. During this 
 period he made extensive purchases of timber lands on Pine creek, operated saw-nulls 
 in what is now Gaines township, and rafted the luraber down Pine creek to Har- 
 risburg and other southern markets. Mr. Billings was one of the most prompt 
 and reliable lumbermen that did business on the Susquehanna in those days. In 
 many respects he was quite eccentric, but wa.s frank, outspoken and scrupulously 
 honest. When he came into Tioga county the forest along Pine creek was almost 
 unbroken, and no man of his day in the county made a better record in the de- 
 velopment of its great lumber interests. For seventeen years he labored in the 
 mill, in the woods and on the river, getting his lumber and timber to market. In 
 1840 he removed from Knoxville to Elmira, New York, and purchased the first 
 brick building erected in that city, in which he lived the remaining years of his 
 life, dying August 28, 1853, in his sixty-fourth year. While residing in Elmira 
 he still kept an eye on his business affairs in Tioga county, and after recuperating 
 his broken health, he returned occasionally to Gaines township, where his sons, 
 Silas X. and Charles F., and son-in-laAv, P. S. S. McNeil, were living, and prose- 
 cuted his business with increased vigor up to the time of his death. Mr. Billings 
 was married four times. His first wife was Lauriette Freeborn, a daughter of 
 
876 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 David Freeborn, of Cazenovia, Madison county. New York. She died in Cazenovia, 
 leaving three children, viz: Lauriette, David and Nancy. His second wife was 
 Abby Freeborn, his first wife's sister, who became the mother of Silas X., Abbie 
 B., widow of P. S. S. McNeil, who lives in Elmira, and Charles F., a resident of the 
 same city. Mrs. Billings died at Ivnoxville, February 16, 1831, and he was again 
 married to Eosette Chapman, who bore him one daughter, Mary, now the widow 
 of John Dexter. His last wife was Eachel Sloan, a native of Philadelphia, who 
 survived her husband three years. 
 
 Silas X. Billings, for many years one of the most prominent and successful 
 citizens of Tioga county, was bom in Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1836, a son of Silas and Abby (Freeborn) Billings. His father was an 
 extensive lumberman on the Cowanesque river and Pine creek, and Silas X. thus 
 became acquainted with the details of the lumber business. In 1840 his father 
 removed to Elmira, New York, where our subject acquired a good English educa- 
 tion in the Elmira Academy. In 1847 he was sent to take charge of the timber 
 lands owned by his father in Gaines and Elk townships, located on Pine creek, and 
 Cedar and Slate runs. Here a steam saw-mill was erected under the management 
 of Mr. Billings aad P. S. S. McNeil. In 1853 his father died, and Silas X. was 
 appointed one of the administrators to settle the estate, which he successfully car- 
 ried out at the end of two years, taking his own share of the estate in wild lands in 
 Tioga county. In 1855 he located permanently at Gaines, where he continued to 
 reside until his death. January 5, 1865, he married Miss Sarah M. Locke, a daugh- 
 ter of Jesse and Lura Locke, who survives him, and now resides in Wellsboro. 
 Mr. Billings was a man of great energy, methodical business habits, and unsullied 
 integrity. He purchased large tracts of coal and timber lands, erected mills, 
 stores, tanneries and hotels, and was eminently successful in all his undertakings. 
 Tie was prominently associated with the early struggles to obtain and keep alive 
 the charter for the Jersey Shore, Pine Creek and Buffalo railroad (now the Pine 
 Creek), which in the face of great opposition succeeded, though he did not live 
 to see the road built. A few months before his death, he was prevailed upon 
 by his friends to seek medical relief and repose, and went to New York City to 
 consult eminent physicians. On his return, while visiting his sister, Mrs. McNeil, 
 at Elmira, New York, he was stricken with an attack of Bright's disease, from 
 which, however, he rallied and returned to his home in Gaines. Some three' weeks 
 later he was again prostrated by the same insidious disease, and on the morning 
 of October 13, 1879, his spirit took its flight. His remains were interred in the 
 Wellsboro Cemetery, where a beautiful granite monument, erected by his loving 
 wife, marks his last resting place. Politically, he was a life-long Democrat but 
 aside from performing the duties of citizenship, took no active interest in public 
 affairs. Mr. Billings was a genial companion, a true and steadfast friend an 
 affectionate husband, generous and open hearted to the poor and suffering and 
 ever ready to give his encouragement and support to the upbuilding of the social 
 and material interests of his native county. 
 
 Chaelbs Febeboen Billings was born in the old Billings homestead at 
 Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, erected by his father in 1823 and yet 
 standing m the western limits of the borough, Februarv 16, 1831, and is the young- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. §77 
 
 est son of Silas and Abby Billings. He spent his childhood in his native town. 
 and removed with his father to Elmira, New York, in 1840, where he attended 
 school until sixteen years of age. He then returned to Tioga county to assist his 
 brother, Silas X., in the lumber business established by their father, where his 
 delicate constitution rapidly improved, drinking in the pure air of the pine forest 
 and eating the homely fare of camp life. After becoming familiar with the lumber 
 business, he had charge of various departments, finally returning to Elmira and 
 spending two years at school. After his father's death he gave his attention to 
 the farming interests of the large estate, while his brother had charge of the lum- 
 ber business. In the winter of 1858 Mr. Billings met Miss Helena Sweet, fourth 
 daughter of Eev. Elisha Sweet, a Methodist Episcopal minister then laboring in 
 the circuit embracing Knoxville, and September 13, 1859, the young couple were 
 married and settled on a fine farm of 225 acres on Troup's creek, in Deerfield town- 
 ship, a short distance from Knoxville. Here they resided some twenty years, when 
 the death of his brother placed an estate of aboiit -10,000 acres of timber, coal and 
 farm lands, lying in Tioga and Potter counties, under his control, besides one-half 
 of the personal property. Eemoving to Elmira, he has since devoted his attention 
 principally to the management of the property which then came to himself and 
 sister, Mrs. McNeil. Mr. Billings has been identified with the development of his 
 native county since early manhood, and usually spends the summer months in 
 Ejioxville. He assisted in securing the construction of the Addison and Penn- 
 sylvania railroad, which has proven a great benefit to the Cowanesque valley and 
 the vast lumbering and coal interests of western Tioga. Mr. and Mrs. Billings 
 are the parents of four daughters, viz: Carrie, wife of Preston Gilbert, of New 
 York City; Jessie, wife of Willis Beach, of Knoxville; Abbie, wife of Horace 
 Brewster, of Elmira, and Louise, Avife of Edward T. Youmans, a resident of the 
 same city. Politically, Mr. Billings voted with the Eepublican party until after 
 the presidential election of 1876, when believing that Samuel J. Tilden was the 
 legally-elected president of the United States, and was defrauded out of the office 
 by the Eepublican leaders, he left that party and has since been an independent 
 voter, though he generally supports the Democracy on state and national issues. 
 Possessing large means, he gives liberally to religious, charitable and educational 
 objects. The Billings Park at Knoxville is one of his gifts to the people of his 
 native village. 
 
 Col. Hibam FKEEBOHiir was born in Cazenovia, New York, in 1799, a son of 
 David Freeborn, and there grew to manhood. He came to Tioga county in 1832 
 with Silas Billings, his brother-in-law, and located at Knoxville, where he became 
 a partner of Mr. Billings in a distillery, which he subsequently carried on by him- 
 self for many years. He also engaged in farming, clearing up the land now occu- 
 pied by his son, D. L., upon which he lived and died. He married Cynthia Lorinda 
 Thompson, a daughter of Joseph Thompson, and a native of Otsego county. New 
 York. To this union were bom three children, viz: Levantia W., who married 
 Levi B. Eeynolds; DeLancy, of Knoxville, and Viola, who maxried William Mead. 
 Colonel Freeborn held various township offices, and was prominent in the militia 
 during the early years of the county's history. He was a Democrat until the 
 breaking out of the war, when he became a Eepublican. In religion, he was a 
 
878 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTTNTY. 
 
 member of the Congregational church, and died in that faith in 1889, in the nine- 
 tieth year of his age. Throughout the greater portion of his residence in Knoxville, 
 Colonel Freeborn was one of its prominent and influential citizens, and his name 
 is closely interwoven with the history of the tcyn. 
 
 Leti B. Ebynolds was a native of Ehode Island, and a son of William and 
 Lydia (Church) Eeynolds, of that State. When Levi B. was about seven years old 
 his parents removed to Spring Mills, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, where he 
 grew to manhood and learned the mercantile business with Judge Gaylord Colvin. 
 He later became a merchant at Bums, Few York, in partnership with Ira Daven- 
 port, of Bath, who furnished the capital against young Eeynolds' business experi- 
 ence. In 1847 the firm located in Knoxville, Tioga county, where the business 
 was continued, under the firm name of Levi B. Eeynolds, in a store building owned 
 by his father-in-law. Col. Hiram Freeborn. After his marriage to Levantia W. 
 Freeborn, Mr. Eeynolds bought his partner's interest and continued the business 
 up to 1870. In that year he removed to Wellsboro, where he followed merchan- 
 dising until 1874, when his store was destroyed by fire. Eeturning to Knoxville 
 he again embarked in merchandising, which he carried on until he was succeeded 
 by his son, William D., and his son-in-law, H. T. Gilbert. He then devoted his 
 attention to his real estate interests until his death, October 31, 1891, aged seventy- 
 two years. Mr. Eeynolds was a careful and honest business man, and highly 
 respected for his many sterling qualities. He was a member of the Presbyterian 
 church, and also of the I. 0. 0. F. and E. A. U. societies. He filled the office of 
 postmaster at Knoxville, as well as other local positions. His widow and three 
 children survive him, viz: Mrs. Ella C. Gilbert and William D., both residents of 
 Ehnira, ISTew York, and Mrs. Effie L. Beach, of Knoxville. 
 
 HiEAM Gilbert was born in JS'ew England, March 6, 1796, and came to Deer- 
 field township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1824, where he worked at the car- 
 penter's trade. He later engaged in the boot and shoe business at Knoxville, which 
 he carried on there upwards of thirty years. He then purchased a couple of farms 
 m Deerfield township, now owned and occupied by his sons, Wallace and George, and 
 died on that occupied by the former, June 10, 1871, in his seventy-sixth year His 
 wife was Eunice Powers, of Cuba, New York, who bore him six children, as follows: 
 Wallace, Mortimer, George, Eleanor, Truman and Emmett. 
 
 Geoege Gilbert, third son of Hiram Gilbert, was bom in Knoxville Tioga 
 county, June 27, 1829, there grew to manhood, and was educated in the public 
 schools and at Union Academy. Soon after attaining his majority, he engaged in 
 farmmg m Deerfield township, which vocation he has since continued and for 
 twenty-five years he also followed cattle droving. During the Eebellion, he en- 
 hsted m Company G, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Militia, known as Emergency Men, 
 who were called out for the purpose of repelling Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania. 
 On October 3 1854, Mr. Gilbert married Emeline Butler, a daughter of John and 
 Anna (Guy) Butler, of Otsego county, Few York, and has three sons living: Prank 
 L., Eiigene and Jerome. Mr. Gilbert is a member of the E, A. U., and in politics, is 
 an adherent of the Eepubhcan party. 
 
 Frank L. Gilbert, eldest son of George Gilbert, was bom in Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, September 9, 1856. He was educated in the public schools 
 
BIOGKAPmCAL SKETCHES. §79 
 
 of Knoxville and at the State Normal School, Mansfield, aiter which he taught 
 for two terms. In 1877 he emharked in the drug business at Knoxville, in which 
 he has continued up to the present, being recognized to-day as the leading druggist 
 of the borough. Mr. Gilbert was married March 14, 1879, to Eva M. Buckbee, a 
 daughter of Daniel H. and Emeline (Hammond) Buckbee, of Knoxville. They are 
 the parents of three children: Maud, Dora and Arthur B. In politics, Mr. Gilbert 
 is a stanch Eepublican, and was postmaster of Knoxville for four years during 
 Harrison's administration. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and the I. 0. E. M. 
 
 John E. White was bom in "Wyndham county, Connecticut, May 26, 1809, 
 a son of Jeremiah and Sarah (Bottum) White. His father was bom in Connecticut, 
 June 8, 1780, and died December 18, 1866. He was married four times. His first 
 wife was Sarah Bottum, whom he married October 1, 1801. She was born November 
 18, 1776, and died August 21, 1813. Their children were Malinda, Joseph M., 
 John E., Mary Ann and Sarah. His second wife was Elizabeth Bottum, who bore 
 him two children, Sumner P. and Sophronia. His third wife was Alice Hartson, 
 who became the mother of seven children, named as follows: George A., Freeman, 
 Earl A., Angeline, Sophronia, Charles and Henry. His fourth wife was Anna 
 Parkhnrst, to which union were born four children, viz: Lester, Eliza Ann, Sarah 
 A., and Lucian. John E. White came with his brother, Joseph M., to Nelson, 
 Tioga county, in 1831, where they worked at blacksmithing, which business they 
 had learned in Connecticut. In 1833 John E. removed to Knoxville, where he 
 continued working at his trade. His brother remained at Nelson, where he 
 afterwards filled the office of postmaster for many years. The subject of this sketch 
 was twice married. His first wife waS" Minerva C. Baker, a daughter of Abisha and 
 Martha (Lytle) Baker, of Nelson, Tioga county, whom he married September 23, 
 1832. She became the mother of three children, viz: Sumner P., Susan B. and 
 Malvina D., who married Enos Nichols. Mrs. Minerva C. White died June 18, 
 1849. On September 16, 1850, he married Dolly Knox, a daughter of William 
 Knox, who settled in Deerfield township, Tioga county, in 1798, and a sister of 
 John C. Knox, a distinguished jurist, at one time a judge of thei supreme court of 
 Pennsylvania. She died April 19, 1875. Four children were bom to this marriage, 
 viz: John C, James B., Newell K., and Emily K., wife of Richard Hill. Mr. White 
 was an ardent Republican, and filled the office of justice of the peace in Knoxville for 
 thirty-three years. He was a member of the Baptist church, also of the I. 0. 0. P., 
 and is one of the well-remembered pioneers of the borough, where the greater por- 
 tion of his life was passed. He died in Knoxville, January 31, 1884. 
 
 JoHur C. White, son of John E. and Dolly (Knox) White, was bom in Knoxville, 
 Tioga county, October 11, 1851. He was reared in his native village, and obtained 
 his education in the public schools and Union Academy. On attaining his majority, 
 he followed the vocation of a painter and paper-hanger several years, and for nine 
 years was constable and collector of Knoxville. Since 1885 he has been the clerk 
 of the Adams House at Knoxville, and has been manager of the same since the fall 
 of 1893. Mr. White was married June 23, 1878, to Laura M. Knox, a daughter 
 of Archibald and Julia A. (White) Knox, of Deerfield township. Mrs. White was 
 bom in that township June 20, 1853, and has one son, J. Archie, bom September 
 3, 1887. Mr. White is a member of the F. & A. M., the K. of H., the K. & L. of H., 
 
880 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and the I. F.A. In politics, he is a Kepublican, has been a member of the borough 
 council six years, and president of the board for two years. 
 
 Newell E. White, son of John E. and Dolly White, was born in Knoxville, 
 Tioga county. May 30, 1860. His education was acquired in the common schools 
 of his native town. Prom 1880 to 1884 he was in the employ of the Standard 
 Oil Company as a member of the pipe-line force. During the next three years he 
 was in the employ of the American House at Westfield. In 1890 he leased the 
 Park Hotel at Tioga and conducted that house for a year and a half. He then 
 located in Wellshoro and for four years was engaged in the manufacture of cider 
 and vinegar. Since September, 1895, he has been employed in the Coles House. 
 Mr. White was married March 2, 1889, to Margaret E. Lane, a daughter of Patrick 
 and Elizabeth Lane, of Westfield, and has three children, viz: William Francis, 
 John C, deceased, and Marguerite. In politics, Mr. White is a Democrat, and was 
 elected an inspector of election in Wellsboro in February, 1896. He is a member of 
 Tioga Lodge, No. 374, F. & A. M., Tioga, and of Wellsboro Lodge, No. 273, K. of P. 
 
 Daniel Angell was bom in the town of New Berlin, Chenango county. New 
 York, March 24, 1809, a son of Daniel and Cynthia (Burlingame) Angell. He was 
 reared in his native county, and learned the tanner's and shoemaker's trades. In 
 1842 he located in Nelson township, Tioga county, where he worked for Joel 
 Campbell two years. In 1844 he came to Knoxville, and the same year erected a 
 tannery, with which he was actively connected up to 1859, manufacturing mostly 
 finished leather in calf, kipp, upper and some sole leather. During this time he also 
 ran a shoe shop, and nearly all the leather made in the tannery was made up into 
 boots and shoes for the surrounding country, thus giving employment to a large 
 number of men. In 1859 he sold the tannery to A. D. Knox in exchange for a farm 
 about two miles west of Knoxville, where for the next twelve years, or until about 
 1871, he was actively engaged in farming and clearing land. In this line of work 
 he also gave employment to a number of men. In 1868 he again became the owner 
 of the tannery, which he thoroughly repaired, putting in steam power and many 
 modem improvements, and in addition to his farm business, he, in connection 
 with his sons, Delos D. and William Darius, carried on the tanning business until 
 the spring of 1872, when he sold the tannerj- to his son William Darius and the 
 balance of his property to other parties, and moved to Grafton, Fillmore county, 
 Nebraska, where he worked at farming until the spring of 1896, when he sold out 
 and returned to Knoxville, where he now resides. He w:as always one of the 
 leading business men of the commimity in which he lived. He married Mary A. 
 Tiffany, a daughter of Humphrey and Hannah (Mathewson) Tiffany, of Norwich, 
 New York. She bore him six children, viz: Daniel Delos, born March 15, 1839; 
 William D., September 14, 1844; Adelbert L., August 27, 1846; Orrin, October 
 30, 1848; Edward, May 18, 1854, who died December 4, 1890, and Albert, May 18, 
 1854, who died in childhood. Mrs. Angell died July 20, 1890. Mr. Angell is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 William Daeiits Angell, second son of Daniel Angell, was born in Knox- 
 ville, Tioga county. Pa., September 14, 1844, and has spent his entire life in his 
 native place. He was educated in the common schools and at Union Academy, 
 and began his business career on a farm. He engaged in the tanning business in 
 
A^cti^j^ C^%iA-^^-^p.^ 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 881 
 
 1868, followed it for ten years, and then embarked in general merchandising, which 
 he still continues. Mr. Angdl was married December 34, 1865, to Jennie E. How- 
 land, a daughter of Willard and Minerva (Luce) Howland, of Deerfield township, 
 and has three living children, viz: Bertha M., born February 3, 1868, wife of George 
 H. Fowler; Ellen I., born February 6, 1870, and Euth M., June 18, 1878. Melvin 
 D., born October 8, 1874, died August 15, 1876. Mr. Angell is a member of the 
 E. A. U. and K. of H., and is an ardent supporter of the Democratic Free Silver 
 party. 
 
 WiLLAED HowLAND was born in Exeter, New York, March 15, 1806, a son of 
 Willard and Polly (Munyan) Howland, and grandson of John Howland. His father 
 was an operator in the cotton mills of Webster, Massachusetts; a deacon in the Bap- 
 tist church, and reared a family of twenty children. The subject of this sketch 
 married Minerva Luce, a daughter of Jonathan and Mahetabel (Bates) Luce, and 
 in 1836 came to Tioga county and found employment in the woolen factory in 
 Deerfield township. He returned to Massachusetts twice, coming to this county 
 the last time in 1861, and dying September 18, 1889. His widow is still living at 
 the age of eighty-nine years. She is the mother of five children, named as follows: 
 Henry W., bom June 21, 1831; Erastus J., May 33, 1833; Mary M., May 8, 1835, 
 who died January 11, 1894; Melvin, February 9, 1838, and Jennie E., June 34, 
 1843, now the wife of W. D. Angell. Erastus J. went to Kansas in 1867, when 
 the free soil and pro-slavery trouble was the issue there, and was actively engaged 
 in it. His friends in the east had letters from him for some time afterward, when 
 they ceased, since which the most earnest efforts have failed to find any trace of 
 him. Melvin enlisted in the Fifteenth Volunteer Cavalry, July 13, 1861, in the 
 War of the Eebellion, and died in the hospital at Poolsville, Maryland, August 37, 
 1861, having been in the United States service only a little over a month. Henry 
 W. is now living in Camden, New Jersey, and is engaged in the mercantile business. 
 Geoege H. Fov7lee, son of Charles W. and Lucy A. (Harney) Fowler, was 
 born in Jacksonville, Tompkins county, New York, September 18, 1867. He re- 
 ceived a common school education; afterward studied pharmacy, and has since 
 followed the business of a druggist. He was married June 35, 1890, to Bertha M., 
 eldest daughter of W. D. and Jennie E. Angell. They are the parents of one 
 daughter, Irma, born June 30, 1893. Mr. Fowler is a resident of Knoxville. 
 
 Albeet and Justus Deaeman, sons of George and Olive (Beach) Dearman, 
 were bom in Groton, Tomkins county. New York, the former October 13, 1834, and 
 the latter September 8, 1839. Their father was a son of George and Sally Dearman, 
 and was a skillful mechanic and an artist of considerable ability. He died in 
 Knoxville, December 7, 1867, aged sixty-nine years. He was a member of the 
 Baptist church, and a temperate, industrious, good citizen. His wife died August 
 13, 1833. They were the parents of four children, viz: Albert, Sarah A., Justus 
 and Jane, the last two of whom are dead. In early manhood Albert worked with 
 his father at the house-painter's trade. In 1844 he came to Knoxville, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and entered the employ of his uncle, 0. P. Beach, in whose 
 store he clerked for one-half year, when his uncle took him into partnership under 
 the firm name of Beach & Dearman. In 1849 the firm dissolved, and Justus 
 Dearman then came to Knoxville and formed a partnership with his brother, for the 
 
 56 
 
882 nisTOKT OF tioga county. 
 
 sale of merehandisej the combined capital not exceeding $1,000. The firm of A, 
 & J. Dearman existed for fifteen years, and by fair dealing and strict attention 
 to business prospered beyond their expectations. At the end of that period the 
 firm dissolved by mutual consent, Justus continuing the business at the old stand. 
 In 1871 his store was destroyed by fire, and in 1873 he erected the substantial busi- 
 ness house which he occupied until his death, December 14, 1880. Justus Dearman 
 never married. He possessed great taste and pride in his home and surroundings, 
 and his store and grounds were arranged and ornamented under his personal super- 
 vision. He was a liberal contributor towards any project for the benefit of his 
 adopted town, while he was known as one of the most lenient creditors. He is 
 buried in Fairview Cemetery, at Osceola, in a lot which has been beautifully fitted 
 up with, all the attention brotherly affection could suggest. Albert Dearman 
 remains as he has been for many years, one of the leading merchants of Knoxville, 
 and is probably the oldest merchant in Tioga county in continuous business. He 
 married October 1, 1861, Jennie Sutliff, a daughter of Case and Jane (Dearman) 
 Sutliff, of Dryden, Tompkins county, New York, and has two children living: 
 Charlie G. and Everett J. Mr. Dearman is a Eepublican, and has been burgess 
 of Knoxville fifteen years, being last re-elected in 1894 for a term of three years. 
 He has also served several terms as a school director. In religious belief, he is a 
 Free-Thinker. 
 
 William Mahkham was born in England, July 6, 1817, a son of John Mark- 
 ham, who came to the United States in 1833 and located near Ithaca, Few York, 
 whence the family removed to Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. 
 John Markham was one of the early settlers of Deerfield, where he cleared a farm 
 of over 300 acres. Towards the close of his life he removed to Knoxville and died at 
 the age of eighty-five years. He was twice married. His second wife was Mrs. 
 Catharine Cornell, nee Quick. He reared five children: Samuel, William, George, 
 Thomas, and Ann, who married Thomas Kymes. The subject of this sketch grew 
 to manhood in Deerfield township, where he was engaged in farming, and also 
 worked at the carpenter's trade for many years. During the Civil War he carried 
 on a hardware store in Knoxville, in company with Giles Koberts. His wife, Betsey, 
 was a daughter of Benjamin and Anna (Baker) Giles, of Deerfield, and bore him 
 four children, viz: Mary A., wife of William Morse; Albert, Charles D., and 
 Sophronia, wife of Guy E. Kelts. Mr. Markham died on July 12, 1883, from 
 injuries received by falling from a scaffold. He was a member of the Christian 
 church, and in politics, a Eepubliean. 
 
 Albeet Maekham, eldest son of William Markham, and grandson of John 
 Markham, was born in Knoxville, Tioga county, December 37, 1850, and has always 
 lived in his native place. He obtained a common school education and also attended 
 Union Academy. After spending two years at the harness maker's trade, he em- 
 barked in business for himself in 1873, and, with the exception of five years, has 
 continued in that business up to the present. Mr. Markham married Mary Fisk, 
 a daughter of Orlando and Catharine (Loomis) Fisk, of Knoxville, February 13, 
 1876, and has two children, Walter and Mabel. In politics, Mr. Maxkham is a Ee- 
 publiean, and has filled various local oifices. He is a member of the P. & A. M., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 883 
 
 the I. 0. 0. F., the K. 0. T. M., aad the I. 0. K. M. societies, in all of which he takes 
 an active interest. 
 
 Giles Eobeets, a prominent merchant of Knoxville, was horn in Cincinnatus, 
 Cortland eotinty, E"ew York, March 10, 1833, and is a son of Samuel and Eliza 
 (Green) Roberts. The Eoberts family came from Connecticut, and the Green 
 family from Ehode Island. Mr. Roberts was reared in his native county until six- 
 teen years of age, and obtained a common school education. In 1848 he went to 
 Ehode Island, where he served an apprenticeship of three years at the tinner's 
 trade, and later worked as a journeyman in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. In 
 1853 he settled at Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and the same year em- 
 barked in the tin and stove business, as a member of the firm of Markham & 
 Eoberts, which partnership existed for ten years. He then purchased his partner's 
 interest, and has since carried on a general hardware business. During this period 
 he was also a member of the firm of Markham & Roberts, lumber dealers, and did 
 quite an extensive business in that line. In January, 1855, Mr. Roberts married 
 Helen Dunham, a daughter of William and Ruby (Mattison) Dunham, of Knoxville, 
 and has one daughter living, Mrs. Alfred Edgcomb. He is now serving his third 
 term as justice of the peace of Knoxville; was coroner of Tioga county one term, and 
 has always given an earnest support to the principles and measures of the Repub- 
 lican party. 
 
 Heney G. Short was bom in De Eeuyter, Madison county, New York, Feb- 
 ruary 14, 1821, a son of Zadock and Hannah (Van Horn) Short. He was reared 
 in Cortland county. New York, but never attended school except six weeks, and 
 whatever education he possesses was self-acquired. In 1853 he settled at Knox- 
 ville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and for fifteen years was a traveling salesman 
 for a New York hat, cap and fur house, and for an additional fifteen years filled 
 a similar position for a wholesale gTOcery house of the same city. He still' lives in 
 the suburbs of Knoxville, on a farm of thirty acres, upon which he settled more 
 than forty years ago, clearing and improving the land through the passing years. 
 Mr. Short was married July 2, 1845, to Mercy Barker, a daughter of Albert and 
 Sophronia (Eastman) Barker, of Homer, Cortland county. New York. They are 
 the parents of two children: Helen A., wife of E. H. Bowen, and John G. In 
 early life Mr. Short served a four years' apprenticeship at the harness-maker's 
 trade, but not liking the business, he never followed it afterwards. He is a member 
 of the E. A. U., and the P. of H. In politics, he is a Democrat, and has held every 
 local office in Knoxville from burgess down. 
 
 Joel Johnson was born in Triangle, Broome county, New York, August 28, 
 1818, a son of Edward and Eoxanna (Cook) Johnson. On attaining his majority 
 he engaged in farming until 1852, when he located at Jasper, Steuben county, New 
 York, where he operated a steam saw-mill and grist-mill for three years. He then 
 returned to Triangle, Broome county, whence he removd in 1863 to Knoxville, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, .ind purchased the grist and saw-mill property later 
 operated by his son, Laveme J. He continued in this business until his death, 
 which occurred November 9, 1893, at the age of seventy-five years. In 1888 he 
 tore down the old mill, erected in 1825 by Silas Billings, and built the present 
 one, which is equipped with all the modem improvements of mill machinery. His 
 
884 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 wife was Caroline Ives, of Guilford, New York, who bore him fcix children, five of 
 whom are living, viz: Frances, wife of 0. H. Wood; Leverett A., Alice, wife of 
 F. L. Seoville; Ida, wife of J. F. Goodspeed, and Laverne J. Mr. Johnson was 
 an adherent of the Republican party, and in religious faith, a member of the Pres- 
 byterian church. 
 
 Laveene J. Johnson, youngest son of Joel and Caroline Johnson, was bom 
 in Triangle, Broome county, 'New York, February 12, 1861, and was two yeaxs 
 old when his parents cajne to Knoxville, Tioga cotmty. He attended the public 
 schools of that borough, and later Starkey Seminary, Yates county, New York, and 
 Elmira Business College. Before attaining his majority, he took charge of the 
 grist-mill, purchasing and selling supplies, and in. 1883 entered into partnership with 
 his father and brother, which continued until January, 1894, when he became sole 
 proprietor of the mill, and managed it until August, 1895. Mr. Johnson was mar- 
 ried February 37, 1889, to Cora J. lAigg, a daughter of Anthony W. and Ann 
 (Seely) Lugg, of Knoxville, and has two children, Glenna A. and Eeed Laveme. 
 In politics, he is a Bepublican, and also a member of the F. & A. M. He is one 
 of the well known young business men of Knoxville, where he now carries on a 
 flour and feed store. 
 
 NoAK EvEEiTT was bom in Wantage, Sussex county, New Jersey, May 4, 1837, 
 and is a son of Jesse and Phoebe (Tuttle) Everitt, who came to Deerfield township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1870, where his father engaged in farming, 
 and died in 1874. Jesse and Plioebe Everitt were the parents of four children who 
 grew to maturity, viz: Isaac, Noah, Jesse and Josiah. The subject of this sketch 
 was reared in his native county, there received a good common school education, and 
 later taught school for several years, but has spent most of his life in agricultural 
 pursuits. He settled in Deerfield township, Tioga county, in 1866, purchasing 150 
 acres of land, which he partially cleared and improved, and for a number of years 
 he operated a dairy of thirty cows. In 1890 he removed to Knoxville, where he 
 has since carried on a grocery, flour, feed and general mercantile business. In 
 1858 Mr. Everitt married Kate Winfield, a daughter of Isaiah aaid Kate Winfield, 
 of Sussex county. New Jersey, and has three children: Henry, Caxrie, wife of Her- 
 man Knox, and Florence, wife of J. N. Losey. Mr. Everitt is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and a stanch adherent of the Democratic pajty. He 
 has filled various local offices in Deerfield township, and is now recognized as one 
 of the substantial business men of Knoxville. 
 
 Chestee Wells was bom in Binghamton, New York, April 33, 1835, a son of 
 Chester and Polly (Sleiter) Wells. His father was a native of Connecticut, of 
 Scotch ancestry, and his mother of Binghamton, New York, where she was bom in 
 1796, when that place contained but two log cabins. She was of French descent. 
 Mr. Wells was reared in Binghamton, and there learned the carpenter's trade with 
 B. F. Scisson, with whom he remained seven years. In 1851 he removed to Towanda, 
 Pennsylvania, where he went into the furniture and undertaking business, and 
 carried on the same until Jajiuary 1, 1865, when he removed to Waverly New 
 York and later to Addison. He followed the lumber business and also' con- 
 ducted a general store at Addison, remaining there between four and five years 
 In October, 1869, he located at Knoxville, Tioga countv, where he carried on the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 885 
 
 fiimiture and undertaking business for twenty-six yeajs. Mr. Wells was married 
 October 4, 1849, to Margaret A. Chambers, a daughter of George W. and Hannah 
 (Simonson) Chambers, of Staten Island, who died on January 14, 1894. Seven 
 children were the fruits of this union, named as follows: George, deceased; Ches- 
 ter F., a resident of Binghamton; J. Stewart, an attorney of West Superior, Wis- 
 consin; William P., Edmund L., Helen C. and Mrs. Grace Howland. Mr. Wells 
 died in Knoxville, October 3, 1895, and the business has since been conducted by 
 his daughter, Helen C. He was a member of, the I. 0. 0. F. ,and in politics, a 
 stanch Democrat. Upright and straightforward in all his dealings, he enjoyed 
 the confidence and respect of the community, and was one of the popular business 
 men of Knoxville. 
 
 Charles A. Reese, M. D., was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, August 
 30, 1841, and is a son of Eev. Charles and Catherine (Gephart) Reese, natives of 
 Lebanon and Lancaster counties, Pennsylvania, respectively, who were of Welsh 
 and German descent. His father was a minister of the Lutheran church, and was 
 widely known throughout the State. Charles A. was reared in Pennsylvania, and 
 was educated in the public schools and Bernville Academy, Berks county, Penn- 
 sylvania. From the age of eleven to nineteen he clerked in a general store, and 
 during the Rebellion recruited thirty-four men for the Union army, which under 
 the ruling of Governor Curtin entitled him. to a captaincy, but he never applied 
 for the commission. In 1860 he began the study of medicine in the office of his 
 brother. Dr. D. J. Reese, now of Renovo, Pennsylvania, and attended one partial and 
 one full course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. In 
 1863 he commenced practice at Sinnamahoning, Cameron county, where he con- 
 tinued for twelve years. In the fall of 1872 he attended another course of lectures 
 at the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated in the class of 1873, In 
 1875 he located at Knoxville, Tioga county, where for more than twenty-one years 
 he was engaged in the active duties of his profession. Dr. Reese was married 
 August 31, 1864, to Alice M. Stamp, a daughter of Joseph and Maria (Fish) Stamp, 
 of Clinton county, Pennsylvania. They are the parents of eight children, six of 
 whom grew to maturity. Their names are as follows: Libbie, wife of Eugene 
 Wortm.an; Frajacis Gurney Smith, who graduated at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania in the class of 1895, and is now practicing medicine in Coudersport; Imogene, 
 wife of Norman P. Madison; Bertie, deceased; Allie M. and Eva M. In politics. 
 Dr. Reese is a stanch Democrat, and was a member of the school board of Knox- 
 ville for seven years. During his residence in Cameron county, which is strongly 
 Republican, he was elected coroner by the largest majority ever given to a candi- 
 date for a county office up to that time. Against his earnest protest he was re- 
 nominated for a second term, but used his influence for his opponent, aad even then 
 was defeated by only a small majority. While a resident of Knoxville, he enjoyed 
 a good practice, and was recognized by his medical brethren as one of the able 
 physicians of the county. In the spring of 1897 Dr. Reese removed to Coudersport, 
 where he has since continued to pursue his profession. 
 
 John W. Fitch, a native of N"ew York state, and a son of Samuel and Sally 
 (Woodcock) Fitch, came in early manhood to Nelson township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, removing at a later day to Erookfield to^Tiship, where he purchased 
 
386 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a tract of land and cleared and improved a farm, now owned by Fred. Busli, which 
 he afterwards exchanged for a farm in the same township. He resided in- Brook- 
 iield upwards of forty years, and at one time owned over 400 acres of land in that 
 part of the coimty. During this period he was extensively engaged in lumbering, 
 and was an energetic, enterprising citizen. About 1878 he located at Knoxville, 
 where he later embarked in general merchandising, which business he conducted 
 until his death, September 26, 1889, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Mr. 
 Fitch was twice married. His first wife was Minerva Seeley, a daughter of Barney 
 Seeley, of Brookiield township, who bore him five children, viz: Sally A., who 
 married Henry Holt; Charles, William G., John E., and Ella, wife of Chauncey 
 Keynolds. His second wife was Sally Seeley, a sister of his first wife. At one 
 time Mr. Fitch was a member of the I. 0. 0. F. He was a Eepublicaji, in politics, 
 and served as a member of the Knoxville council. 
 
 John E. Fitch, son of John W. and Minerva Fitch, was bom in Brookfield 
 township, Tioga county, June 12, 1850. He was reared in his native township, 
 and obtained his education in the public schools and "Woodhull Academy. After 
 attaining his majority, he was engaged in farming for twelve years in Brookfield, 
 and also as a drover, buying and selling cattle for the New York and Philadelphia 
 markets. He lived in Brookfield until 1888, when he removed to Knoxville, where 
 he has since been successfully engaged in general merchandising. Mr. Fitch was 
 married October 18, 1875, to Orcelia Beagle, a daughter of James and Malvina 
 (Kevins) Beagle, of Steuben county, ISTew York, and has one son, David B., bom 
 March 13, 1880, also an adopted daughter. Myrtle. In politics, Mr. Fitch is a 
 Eepublican, has served five years in the borough council, and is one of the leading 
 business men of Knoxville. 
 
 Chaeles Lugg was born in Gloucestershire, England, October 11, 1791, a son 
 of Eobert and Phoebe (Haley) Lugg, the latter a cousin of Gen. Anthony Wayne. 
 He was reared on a farm, and followed that business as a vocation all his life. He 
 first came to the TJnited States with his family, consisting of his wife and five chil- 
 dren, in 1830, and located in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He later rented 
 a farm on Thorn Bottom creek, one mile and a half west of Nelson, on Beecher's 
 Island. But being disappointed with the country, he returned with his family to 
 England in May, 1831. In the autumn of 1833 he again came to Tioga county, 
 settling on what is known as Sober's Hill, in Farmington township, where he pur- 
 chased 100 acres of land, containing a log house and barn, and about four acres 
 cleared. He subsequently added 150 acres to his first purchase, cleared up 200 
 acres of the tract, and spent the remaining years of his life on this farm. Mr. Lugg 
 was married in England, by Eev. Edward Mansfield, August 18, 1818, to Mary Ann 
 Chandler, born June 30, 1797, a daughter of James Chandler, of Gloucestershire, 
 England, to which union were bom eight children, viz: Sarah, who married Isaac 
 C. Whitehead, and for her second husband, David Hoyt; Mary A., who married 
 Alanson Hoyt; Eliza, who became the wife of Lewis Beiver; Anthony W., Eobert 
 S., who married Eebecca Bottum; Caroline, who mamed Enoch Blackwell; Eliza- 
 beth and Charles. Mr. Lugg died January 13, 1874, aged eighty-three years, and 
 his wife, March 12, 1873, aged seventy-five years. Both were members of the Pres- 
 byterian church for sixty years. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 887 
 
 Anthony W. Lugg, eldest son of Chnxles and Mary A. Lugg, was born in 
 Grloueestersliire, England, August 25, 1835, and came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, with his parents in 1830, and again in 1833. In early manhood he en- 
 gaged in farming, which he followed until thirty yeaxs of age. In October, 1855, 
 he embarked in merchandising at Nelson, Tioga county, which he successfully 
 continued there up to 1881. In 1877-78 he spent seven months in California 
 for the benefit of his health, and in 1881-82 six months in that State for the same 
 purpose. From 1882 to 1886 he was engaged in farming on the old homestead 
 in Farmington township, and in the spring of the latter year located at Knox- 
 ville, where he resided until his death, January 29, 1897. As senior member of 
 the firm of A. W. Lugg & Sons, he followed general merchandising in that borough 
 for more than ten years. On February 6, 1851, Mr. Lugg married Ann K. Seely, 
 a daughter of Nathaniel and Lucy (Kelsey) Seely, of Osceola. Six children were 
 the fruits of this union, four of whom survive, viz: Wayne, Charles H., Cora, wife 
 of L. J. Johnson, and A. Waldo. In polities, Mr. liUgg was an advocate of pro- 
 hibition. While a resident of Nelson township, he served twenty-two years as a 
 justice of the peace, being elected five successive terms. For more than forty years 
 Mr. Lugg was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was one of the sub- 
 stantial and respected citizens of Knoxville, a kind husband and a good father. 
 
 Andrew B. Hitchcock was born in Caton, Steuben county. New York, May 
 15, 1863, a son of Ezekiel and Martha (Silsbee) Hitchcock. His parents came to 
 Covington, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1865, and later removed to Morris 
 Eun, and thence to Lawrence township, where his mother died in 1887. 
 They had eight children, six boys and two girls. Our subject was reared in 
 Tioga county from the age of two years, and was educated in the district schools 
 and the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pennsylvania. He graduated from 
 the latter institution in 1884, and commenced teaching in the fall of that year 
 in the schools of Union township, and the next year was principal of the schools 
 at Morris Eun. In 1886 he became principal of the Knoxville graded schools and 
 attained a front rank among the educators of the county. In 1895 he resigned 
 his position as principal and purchased a general insurance business. Mr. Hitch- 
 cock was married August 5, 1891, to Ola AVoodbury, the daughter of Frederick and 
 Sarah (Kelly) Woodbury, of Knoxville. They have had two children, Eeed W. 
 and Howard F. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, also of the 
 F. & A. M. In politics, he is a supporter of the Eepublican party, and was elected 
 justice of the peace in February, 1897, which ofiice he is now filling. 
 
 Philip Eeway was bom in Chemung county. New York, September 14, 1823, 
 a son of Philip and Anna (Fogel) Erway, and is of Irish and Dutch extraction. He 
 remained in New York state until seventeen years of age, and his education was 
 limited to less than three months' attendance at the common schools. In 1840 he 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and found employment on a farm in Delmar 
 township for three years. In 1843 he purchased a tract of seventy-five acres in 
 Chatham township, which, as time would permit, he cleared and improved, v.'-ork- 
 ing in the lumber camps during the winter seasons. In the meantime he built 
 a log cabin on his farm, in which he kept "bachelor's hall" for about two yeaxs, 
 and lived there until 1863, when he exchanged that farm for another of eighty 
 
888 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 acres, to which he subsequently added fifty acres more, making a total of 130 
 acres. In 1869 he purchased another sixty-acre tract, cleared and improved it, 
 and sold it in 1882. He lived in Chathajn township until 1886, when he re- 
 moved to Knoxville, where he has since resided. Mr. Erway has been twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Mary King, a daughter of Samuel P. and Eleanor (Spring- 
 steel) King, of Chatham township, who bore him eight children, viz: Eutsor P., 
 Oscar, Floyd, Amos, Euth, wife of Hiram Close; Edgar, Otis H. and Andrew G. 
 His second wife was Amy W. Marlatt, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Pease) 
 Marlatt, of Steuben county, New York. In politics, Mr. Erway is a Eepublican, 
 and is one of the prosperous, well known and respected citizens of the community. 
 
 John S. Adams was born in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1843, 
 a son of Elijah and Ann Eliza (Cressman) Adams, and was of English and Ger- 
 man descent. In early manhood he went to Pike county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he engaged in lumbering, and in the fall of 1881 he located in Galeton, Potter 
 county, where he remained one year. In October, 1882, he removed to Gaines, 
 Tioga county, and in partnership with Michael Maloney embarked in the hotel 
 business. They greatly improved the moral siirroundings of the house, and proved 
 that a hotel on Pine creek could be conducted decently and in order. He remained 
 there three years and a half in the hotel business, and after one year's retirement 
 he, in April, 1887, purchased the brick hotel property at Knoxville since known 
 as the Adams House. He soon built up the reputation of the house, and carried 
 it on successfully to the time of his death, which occurred October 31, 1893. Dur- 
 ing this period he had won the confidence and esteem of the leading business men 
 of the borough. Mr. Adams was married August 11, 1870, to Celestia Armstrong, 
 a daughter of Caleb and Louisa (Gardner) Armstrong, of Otsego county. New 
 York, who became the mother of three cliildren, viz: Mary E., Charles, deceased, 
 and Floyd. He was a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow; was also connected with 
 the K. of H., and in politics, was a stanch Democrat. Mr. Adams' word was re- 
 garded as good as his bond, and he was one of the best, if not the best, landlords 
 in the history of Knoxville. He was kind and hospitable, and no needy person 
 ever went hungry from his door. 
 
 Chaeles E. Beuglee, editor and publisher of the Knoxville Courier, was 
 bom in Blairstown township, Warren county New Jersey, March 7, 1855, a son 
 of James and Susannah (Konkle) Brugler. He was reared in his native county, 
 and obtained his education in the public schools and Honeywell Academy. He 
 served six years' apprenticeship at the printer's trade in the office of the Blairs- 
 town Press, and later was assistant foreman of the New Jersey Herald, published 
 at Newton, New Jersey, for nearly four years. On November 1, 1889, he purchased 
 the plant of the Knoxville Courier, at Knoxville, Tioga county, which under 
 his management has become one of the leading papers in the Cowanesque valley. 
 Mr. Brugler was married April 25, 1877, to Eosa A. Bunnell, a daughter, of Henry 
 and Mary (Lanterman) Bunnell, of Blairstown, New Jersey.- They are the parents 
 of four children, as follows: C. Harry, Lewis J., Milton A. and E. Bunnell. In 
 politics, Mr. Brugler is a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Presby- 
 terian church. He has always taken an active interest in social affairs, and is con- 
 nected with the K. of H., and the P. of H. societies. 
 
BIOGEArHICAL SKETCHES. 889 
 
 Alonzo KibbEj physician and surgeon, was bom in Harrison township, Pot- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania, April 16, 1856, a son of Thomas J. and Dorcas (Cotton) 
 Kibbe. He was reared on a farm, and obtained his education in the public schools 
 and TJlysses Academy. In 1883 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. M. K. 
 Pritchard, of Harrison VaUey, and was graduated from the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons, Baltimore, Maiyland, March 13, 1885. The same year he began 
 the practice of his profession at Galeton, Potter county, removing one year later to 
 Troupsburg, where he continued in practice for five years. In April, 1891, Dr. 
 Kibbe located at Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he has since been 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. He has been twice maxried. His first wife 
 was Ida L. Hurlbut, of Harrison township. Potter county. His second wife was Anna 
 G. Merrick, a daughter of Charles and Hannah (Sears) Merrick, of Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, who has borne him four children: Kussell L., Eose Geraldine, 
 Sarah lone and Stewart E. Dr. Kibbe is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and is connected with the F. & A. M., the K. 0. T. M., the K. of H., the I. 
 0. 0. P. and I. 0. E. M. In politics, he is a Eepubliean, and is a member of the board . 
 of health of Knoxville. Since locating in Tioga county, he has built up a lucrative 
 practice and attained a front rank among the medical fraternity of this portion of 
 the State. 
 
 William Wass was bom in Sussex county. New Jersey, March 37, 1794, and 
 was a son of Adam Wass, a native of Germany. He served through the War of 1813, 
 and drew a pension from the government for his services in that war. Soon after 
 its close, he removed to Elmira, New York, where he was married, and in 1817 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, settling in Deerfield township, but in 1818 
 he removed to Chatham township. Here he cleared two large farms, and also en- 
 gaged in the lumber business, and for forty years, during the rafting season, was a 
 pilot on the Susquehanna river. At the end of each season he walked home 
 from Columbia, Pennsylvania, a distance of 200 miles, making the trip in four 
 days. He died upon his farm in Chatham township, May 19, 1889, where he had 
 lived for more than seventy years, and is buried in Eiverside Cemetery, at Knox- 
 ville. His wife was Polly Humphrey, a daughter of Isaac Humphrey, of Ohio, who 
 bore him a family of ten children, viz: George, Eleanor, widow of Joseph Palk- 
 ner; John, Sally A., who married Abram Humphrey; Harriet, who married A. D. 
 White; Mary, wife of John Faulkner; William, Alexander, David and Eobert. In 
 politics, Mr. Waes was a Eepubliean, and is remembered as one of the oldest citi- 
 zens in the county at the time of his death, attaining the ripe old age of over ninety- 
 five years. 
 
 David Wass, son of William Wass, was bom in Chatham township, Tioga 
 county. May 13, 1837, and was reared on the old homestead upon which he lived 
 until 1890, when he removed to Knox\dlle, where he has since resided. He is still 
 the owner of the old farm, settled by his father nearly three-quarters of a century 
 ago. He has been engaged in farming and- lumbering since early manhood, and 
 has been quite successful. On May 3, 1874, he married Lucinda Perry, a daughter 
 of Wooster and Maria (Lucas) Perry, of WoodhuU, Steuben county, New York. 
 He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, while his wife is a Presbyter- 
 ian. In polities, he is an adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
890 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Moses Insoho, second son of Obadiah and Judith Inseho, was born April 28, 
 1793, and was six years old when his parents settled in Tioga county. He was reared 
 upon the homestead farm in Lawrence township, and in 1825 located in Deerfield 
 township, where he partially cleared and improved a farm. He did considerable 
 business as a teamster, owned a saw mill and dealt in lumber to some extent. About 
 fifty years ago he built the wooden bridge yet standing south of Knoxville. On 
 January 1, 1818, he married Mary Seelye, a daughter of Capt. John and Elizabeth 
 (Lindsley) Seelye, pioneers of Steuben county, New York. She was born January 
 31, 1793, and became the mother of ten children, as follows: William Edwin, 
 bom October 11,1818, and died May 10, 1881; Eliza Lindsley, born January 15, 
 1830, widow of John 0. Ward; Hiram, born February 24, 1831, and died March 
 35, 1896; Mary Ann, born ISTovember 6, 1832, who married Benoni Madison, and 
 died August 10, 1871; Charlotte A., bom July 5, 1835, who lives upon the old home- 
 stead; Eachel, born February 16, 1837; James Byron, born N"ovember 35, 1838, 
 and died September 16, 1854; Micajali Seelye, born November 12, 1830; Emily J., 
 bom May 22, 1833, and Lucius C, bom December 6, 1834, and died January 8, 
 1896. Mr. Inseho died October 1, 1848, in his fifty-seventh year, and his wife, 
 January 11, 1872, in her seventy-ninth year. Their daughter, Charlotte A., who 
 has remained unmarried, occupies the old homestead, and is the owner of 365 acres 
 of land. Her history from early girlhood is full of interest, and illustrates what 
 persistent industry can accomplish. She started in life with an earned capital of 
 $16, and is to-day one of the substantial farmers of Deerfield. She carried on mer- 
 chandising in Knoxville for many years, and is noted for her sound, progressive 
 business qualifications and sterling integrity. 
 
 HiHAM Inscho, second son of Moses Inseho, and grandson of Obadiah Inseho, 
 was born in Tioga township, Tioga county, February 34, 1831, and spent his entire 
 life in his native coimty engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was twice married. 
 His first wife was Lucretia George, and his second, Mrs. Betsy Glover, but he left 
 no children by either marriage. He died March 25, 1896. He was a quiet, retir- 
 ing, honest man, and a good citizen, but never accumulated much of this world's 
 goods. In politics, he was a Eepublican. 
 
 MicAJAH Seelte Inscho, son of Moses and Mary Inscho, and grandson of 
 Obadiah Inscho, was bom in Deerfield township, Tioga county, November 13, 1830, 
 He was reared on the Inscho homestead, and attended the common schools and Union 
 Academy in boyhood. At the age of fourteen he began working as a lumber pilot 
 on the Cowanesque river, and followed the lumber business upwards of thirty 
 years. He also bought cattle and sheep for the New York and Williamsport markets 
 for several years, and has devoted his principal attention to farming, having re- 
 sided in Westfield township since 1878. In 1858 Mr. Inscho married Charlotte 
 Howland, a daughter of Joseph and Lucy (Rexford) Howland, of Steuben county, 
 New York, and has three children, viz: Merrit F., Lucy, wife of Ealph Skinner, 
 and Mary, wife of Fred Preston. In September, 1863, he efilisted in Company A, 
 One Hundred and Seventy-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was honorably dis- 
 charged after a service of ten months. In politics, Mr. Inscho is a Republican. 
 
 Capt. John Seelte, though never a resident of this county, has numerous 
 descendants in the Cowanesque valley. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 891 
 
 April 22, 1757, and died in Lindley, Steuben county. New York, January 17, 1813. 
 He married Elizabeth Lindsley, March 9, 1783. She was bom July 17, 1764, and 
 died January 25, 1852. She was a daughter of Col. Eleazer Lindsley, a soldier of 
 the Eevolution and a pioneer of Steuben county, where the town of Lindley was 
 named in his honor, though a mistake was made in the ofBcial spelling of the 
 word, which was intended to be "Lindsley." Captain Seelye and wife were among 
 the honored pioneers of that locality, and reared the following children: Mahlon, 
 Samuel, Daniel, Mieajah, Mary, Phoebe, Louise, A¥illiam, Eleazer and Eliza. Cap- 
 tain Seelye was a prominent Mason, and his grand-daughter. Miss Charlotte A. 
 Inscho, has in her possession a gold locket containing his portrait, on the back of 
 which is carved the mystic symbols of the Masonic order. It is an heirloom highly 
 prized by its owner. 
 
 Nathan Bakee, of Otsego county. New York, came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1827, and in the following year settled in what is now Deerfleld town- 
 ship, on the farm owned and occupied by his grandson, Allen Baker. With the as- 
 sistance of his sons, he cleared and improved this farm, and resided there until his 
 death. He died April 17, 1846, and was interred upon the homestead. His wife 
 was Hannah Wood, and their children were as follows: Sally, who married Marvel 
 Handy; Daniel, Charlotte, who married Jarvis Freeman; Ira, Esther, who married 
 Hiram Bostwick; Nathan, Hannah, who married Hiram Swimley; Perry and 
 Elisha. 
 
 Iea Bakee, son of Nathan and Hannah Baker, was born in Otsego county. 
 New York, February 26, 1815, and removed with his parents to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1827. Soon after arriving at manliood he took up and cleared a farm 
 in Chatham township, about a mile south of the old homestead. Here he remained 
 until 1852, when he returned to the old homestead in Deerfield, settled by his father 
 in 1828, and there died September 23, 1894. He married Lydia Philley, a daughter 
 of Luman and Eunice ( Coburn) Philley, pioneers of Deerfield township. Three 
 children were born to this union, viz: Laura, wife of Timothy Hastings; Allen, 
 and Alta M., wife of Welch Eeynolds. Mr. Baker was a member of the Christian 
 church, and in. politics, a Eepubliean. 
 
 Allen Bakes, only son of Ira and Lydia Baker, was bom in Chatham town- 
 ship, Tioga county, January 15, 1843, and from nine years of age was reared on what 
 is known as the Baker homestead in Deeriield township, which he now owns and 
 occupies. He received a common school education, and has made farming his life 
 vocation. On December 24, 1875, he married Hattie Guile, a daughter of Alonzo 
 and Mary J. (Watkins) Guile, of Deerfield township, who is the mother of the fol- 
 lowing children: Edith, deceased; Emest G., Blanche 0. and Everitt A. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Baker is a Eepubliean; has served as school director of his township four- 
 teen years; is a member of the P. of H., and is one of the prominent and influential 
 farmers of the community. 
 
 Henet F. Daniels, Se., was bom in Broome county. New York, July 16, 
 1817, a son of George and Lydia (Hoskins) Daniels, who settled in Jasper, Steuben 
 county. New York, in 1828. Their children were as follows: Hannah, who mar- 
 ried Edmund Porter; Nathan, Barney, George W., William, Leonard, Lurania, 
 who married Abram Freeland; Ehoda, who became the wife of Amos Eaymond; 
 
892 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Henry F., and Lydia J., who married Truman Kibbe. In 1832 Henry P. came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, locating in what is now Deerfield township, and in 
 1838 he settled on his present farm, most of which he has cleared, and has erected 
 all the buildings now thereon. It embraces 186 acres. Mr. Daniels married Esther 
 Cloos, September 37, 1838. She is a daughter of IsTewbury and Esther (Short) 
 Cloos, and a grand-daughter of Eeuben Cloos, pioneers of Tioga county. Five 
 children have been born to this union, viz: Melissa, Henry F., Mary J., wife of 
 Lueian A. Mattison; Emma, wife of Willard S. Carpenter, and Jeannette, wife of 
 Frank H. Smith. Mr. Daniels is a member of the Christian church, and an ad- 
 herent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Heney p. Daniels, Je., was born in what is now Deerfield township, Tioga 
 county, February 26, 1841, and is a son of Henry P. Daniels, Sr. He lived upon 
 the old homestead until he was tliirty-two years of age, when he located upon the 
 farm of his uncle, Eeuben Cloos, which has since been his home. He was educated 
 in the Osceola High school, and the Union and Troupsburg academies, and has 
 always followed farming as an occupation. On July 14, 1866, he married Jerusha 
 L. Van Dusen, a daughter of Benjamin and Jerusha (Lee) Van Dusen, of Chatham 
 township. They have five children, viz: Ned J., and Fred P., twins, the latter de- 
 ceased; Bertha E., Ben. B. and George H. On Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, in 
 1863, Mr. Daniels joined Company G, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Militia, and served 
 two months. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has filled various local offices in 
 Deerfield, including clerk and treasurer, and was elected justice of the peace in Febru- 
 ary, 1896. He is a member of the 6. A. E., the Grange and the K. of H. 
 
 Moses Lee was bom in Milford, Otsego county, New York, December 32, 
 1813, a son of Daniel and Hannah (Butts) Lee, and was of English and 
 Dutch descent. He was reared in his native county, received a common school 
 education, and was a natural mathematician. In middle life he took up surveying, 
 became quite efficient in that profession, and did an extensive business. In 1832, 
 when nineteen years of age, he came to Chatham township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, where the balance of his life was spent in agricultural pursuits. A short 
 time after his coming, his parents located in Chatham township. Their children 
 were as follows: Moses, James E., Seneca, Thomas D., Jerusha, who married 
 Benjamin Van Dusen, and Maiy, who married Joseph Walling. The sons cleared 
 and improved a farm, which is now situated on the line of Deerfield and Chatham 
 townships, and is still in the possesion of the family. Moses Lee lived on the home- 
 stead until his death, December 10, 1892, being then within twelve days of eighty 
 years of age. His first wife was Sylvia Costley, a daughter of Charles and Orpha 
 (Bowen) Costley, of Deerfield township. She was the mother of four children, two 
 of whom- grew to maturity, viz: Mary, who married William Wass, Jr., and Daniel 
 H. They also had an adopted daughter, Jane, who married Lemuel Jackson. Mr. 
 Lee's second wife. Amy, a daughter of Abram Teachman, resides in Chatham town- 
 ship. 
 
 Daniel H. Lee was bom on the old Lee homestead, in what is now Deerfield 
 township, Tioga county, November 2, 1838, and is the only surviving son of Mo«es 
 and Sylvia Lee. He was educated in the common schools and Alfred University, and 
 has always followed farming as aa occupation. He lived on the old homestead until 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 893 
 
 twenty-four years of age, when he purchased an adjoining farm where he resided 
 until 1894 and then removed to Knoxville. He married Armenia M. Lee, a daugh- 
 ter of Alonzo and Almira (Wright) Lee, of Chatham township, and has one son, 
 Joseph H. In politics, Mr. Lee is a Republican. He is a member of Pomona Grange, 
 No. 30, P. of H., and also of the K. of H. 
 
 Jacob Peice, a New Jersey Quaker, was a pioneer of Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, locating near Freeman's grist mill', in Westfield township, where he made 
 a clearing and erected a house, which is still standing. He later removed to what 
 is now Philips Station, in the same township, where he continued in agricultural 
 pursuits until his death. He was maiTied three times. His second wife, a Miss 
 Baker, became the mother of twelve children, and his last wife bore him one child. 
 
 Samuel B. Peice, a son of Jacob Price by his second marriage, was bom in 
 Westfield township, Tioga county, in 1819. He received a good education, and for 
 twenty-one years followed school teaching, as well as farming, in Deerfield township. 
 He established Union Academy, at Academy Comers, which he conducted for twenty- 
 one years, and was an educator of considerable local celebrity. His wife was 
 Sophia Leonard, a daughter of Stephen and Peninah (Darrow) Leonard, of West- 
 field, who bore him two children, one of whom is living, Charles R. Mr. Price was 
 not only a leading educator, but a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and an enterprising, progressive citizen. He was a stanch Republican, 
 and served one term as superintendent of schools of Tioga county. He died in 
 1868. 
 
 Chaeles R. Peice, only surviving child of Samuel B. Price, was bom in Deer- 
 field township, Tioga county, February 36, 1856, and was educated at Union 
 Academy and the State Normal School, Mansfield. He later taught school for two 
 terms, but since 1871 he has devoted his attention to farming. On January 19, 1878, . 
 he married Emma Mead, a daughter of Frank and Mary (Phippen) Mead, of 
 Lawrenoeville, Tioga county, and has four children, viz; Earl P., Hugh S., Wayne 
 and Reid. Mr. Price is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also of 
 the P. of H. In politics, he is a Republican, and a strong advocate of prohibition. 
 
 Maetin Bowen, a son of Elihu and Lucy Bowen, was bom in Rhode Island, 
 October 9, 1788, and there grew to manhood. In 1816 he came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and settled in Westfield township, later removed to Farmington, and 
 thence to Deerfield, where he operated a tannery for some years. He died in Deer- 
 field, June 5, 1858. His wife, Freelove, was a daughter of Jonathan Potter, of 
 Rhode Island, and reared a family of nine children, viz; Cyrus P., William, Alma, 
 who married Joseph Edson, and subsequently William Weeks; Rhoda, Elihu, who 
 recently died in this township; Lucy, who married George Aldrich; Freelove J., 
 Ruth, who married Allen King, and Phoebe W. Mr. and Mrs. Bowen were mem- 
 bers of the Society, of Friends, and died in that faith. 
 
 Elihtj Bowen, son of Martin and Freelove Bowen, and grandson of Elihu 
 and Lucy Bowen, was born in Westfield township, Tioga county, March 14, 
 1819, and spent his entire life in this county. He was married May 37, 
 1849, to Eliza Ann Greene, a daughter of James and Polly Greene, of Steuben 
 county. New York, and settled on his late homestead in Deerfield township the same 
 year, where he resided until his death, Pebmary 14, 1896. His original purchase 
 
894 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 embraced ninety-seven acres, to which he afterwards added until he owned a well- 
 improved farm of 129 acres. He was the father of four children, viz: Eva J., de- 
 ceased wife of Elmer "Wheaton; Addie P., wife of Wallace Davis, of Deerfield; Lena, 
 deceased, and Cora M., wife of William Smith, of South Addison, Ifew York. Mrs, 
 Bowen resides on the old homestead. Mr. Bowen was an honest and respected 
 citizen of Deerfield, a member of the Baptist church, and in politics, a Prohibi- 
 tionist. 
 
 Joseph 0. I^bwman settled at Academy Comers, Deerfield township, Tioga 
 county, in 1855. He was a blacksmith, and followed his trade there until 1861, 
 when he removed to Sunderlinville, Potter county, where he continued working at 
 his trade until his death, in 1871. His wife was Sarah A. Burrows, of Otsego 
 county. New York, and their children were as follows: Andrew J., Albert, Esther, 
 wife of James Scott; Mary, wife of P. M. Spicer; Ferris L., Orlando, Edward aad 
 Willis. 
 
 Albert Newman, second son of Joseph 0. Fewman, was born in Otsego county. 
 New York, October 8, 1842. He attended school only two terms, and was prac- 
 tically reared in his father's blacksmith shop, which trade he has followed since 
 twelve years of age. In 1855 he came with his parents to Academy Comers, Tioga 
 county, and in 1861 removed with them to Sunderlinville, Potter county. In 
 Febraary, 1864, he enlisted in Company L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, which 
 formed a part of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Potomac, and 
 when not in the field he performed the duties of a blacksmith. He was in Sheridan's 
 campaign from the Eapidan to the Wilderness, and was in the engagements at 
 Cold Harbor, Weldon Eailroad, Spottsylvania, Todd's Tavern, Eiehmond Heights, 
 Malvern Hill, Jerusalem Plank Eoad, Gaines' Mill, Petersburg, and many others, 
 . and was honorably discharged from the service, July 22, 1865. He has been located 
 at Academy Comers, Tioga county, since 1867, where he has carried on the black- 
 smithing trade. In 1867 he married Mrs. Louisa Ellis, nee Wager, a soldier's widow, 
 of Sunderlinville, Potter county, and has one son living, Albert J. Politically, 
 Mr. Newman is a Eepublican. 
 
 Oliver L. Wood, a native of New Jersey, bom in 1797, and a son of Oliver 
 and Phoebe (Gregg) Wood, came from Orange county. New York, to Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1861, and located on a farm now owned and 
 occupied by his son, Joseph, consisting of 220 acres. He lived there imtil 1880, 
 then disposed of his farm to his son, Joseph, and removed to Sussex county. New 
 Jersey, where he died in 1882, at the age of eighty-five years. His children were 
 as follows: Absalom S., Oliver H., Phoebe J., wife of E. P. Masterson; Mary A., 
 wife of Martin Wilson; William C, Thomas E., Emily, wife of Samuel Christy, and 
 Joseph. 
 
 Joseph Wood, youngest son of Oliver L. Wood, was bom in Orange county. 
 New York, April 10, 1846, and when fifteen years of age came with his parents to 
 Deerfield township, Tioga county. He obtained his education in the common 
 schools and at Whiteman's Academy, Osceola, and has always made farming his 
 principal occupation. He owns and occupies the old homestead of 220 acres, upon 
 which his father settled in 1861, which he purchased from the latter in 1880, and 
 with the exception of two years' residence in Knoxville, he has lived upon this farm 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. g95 
 
 since coming to Tioga county. He has been a breeder of Hambletonian horses, 
 and is now interested in the breeding of Jersey cattle, and is also an extensive 
 tobacco grower. Mr. "Wood was married February 39, 1870, to Myrtilla Wain- 
 wright, a daughter of Jacob and Esther (Everitt) "Wainwright, of Deerfield town- 
 ship, and has four children, viz: Fred. J., Perry L., Edna N. and Russell. In 
 politics, Mr. "Wood is a Democrat, is a member of "V"alley Grange, of Academy 
 Corners, and Pomona Grange, of "Wellsboro, P. of H., and is one of the represen- 
 tative farmers of Deerfield township. 
 
 Joseph S. Ingham was born in Monroeton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 April 14, 1836, a son of Joseph and Johanna (Blakeley) Ingham, natives of England, 
 who immigrated to Philadelphia in 1821, and in 1835 removed to Monroeton. His 
 father there engaged in the manufacture of woolens, and also in lumbering, until 
 1863, when he settled in Deerfield township, Tioga county, purchasing the woolen 
 mills now owned by his son, Joseph S. He continued in the manufacture of woolen 
 goods until his death, December 35, 1869, at the age of seventy-three years. His 
 widow survived until August, 1888, dying at the age of eighty-six. They reared 
 the following children: Martha, who died in childhood; Elizabeth, who married 
 John G. Mason; James B., who was killed at the battle of Antietam, September 
 17, 1863; George "W., Henry H., Harriet A., who married Warren Landon; Joseph 
 S., Euth A., who married Omal Kellogg; Cecelia E., second wife of "Warren Landon, 
 and Alice. In religious belief, Mr. Ingham was a follower of Swedenborg, and in 
 politics, he was a stanch Eepublican. The subject of this sketch was reared in Brad- 
 ford county, and obtained his education in public and private schools. He later 
 commenced clerking in a general store, and in 1858 embarked in the mercantile 
 business at Monroeton, Pennsylvania, but at the end of a year his store was burned. 
 He then engaged as a traveling salesman for a flouring mill, at which he con- 
 tinued until 1861. On August 10th of that year, he enlisted in the Fiftieth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, and went to the front as second lieutenant of Company 
 K, his brother, James B., being captain of the same company. In August, 1863, 
 he was transferred as first lieutenant of Company B, same regiment, and com- 
 manded that company until his resignation, in November, 1863, on account of 
 sickness, doing the duty of captain and drawing a captain's pay. During his term 
 of service he was detailed as a recruiting officer until January, 1863. He par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Pocotaligo (where he was in command of the left skirmish 
 Hne), Second Bull Eun, Chantilly, South Mountain and Antietam. In 1863 he 
 came to Deerfield tovmship, Tioga county, with his parents, where he has since 
 been engaged in farming, manufacturing woolen goods, cider and jelly. His two 
 sons have been connected with him in business since 1887, under the firm name of 
 J. S. Ingham & Sons. On November 10, 1863, Mr. Ingham married Isabella M. 
 Purple, who was bom May 39, 1839, in the court house of Potter county, a daughter 
 of Ansel and Maria (Howard) Purple, of Deerfield township. Her father was a 
 pioneer of Potter county, Pennsylvania, was the first sheriff of that county, and 
 later settled at Purple Brook, on the line of "Westfield and Brookfield townships, 
 Tioga county, which place was named in his honor. Mrs. Ingham is the mother 
 of two sons, Daniel P. and Ansel Grant. The former married Nellie Howland, and 
 has one son, Lawrence. Ansel Grant married E. May Dunham, of Knoxville. Mr. 
 
896 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Ingham is ,a staacli Eepublican, has filled the oface of auditor of Deerfield for 
 seventeen years and is at present holding that position. He has cleared up the 
 township debt twice, and thus proven himself a good financier. He was transcribing 
 clerk of the House during the legislative sessions of 1874-75. He is a Eoyal Arch 
 Mason, and is also a member of the G. A. R., the K. of H. and the Grange. In 
 the summer of 1896 he developed on his land one of the finest stone quarries in 
 the county, for the product of which there is considerable demand in New York 
 and Pennsylvania. 
 
 William L. Meekick was bom in Potter county, Pennsylvania. His father, 
 Moses Merrick, was an early settler of Middlebury township, Tioga county, where 
 William L. was reared to manhood and partially cleared a farm. He later removed 
 to Chatham township, where he died in 1887, aged seventy years. His wife was 
 Caroline Whitney, a daughter of Jeremiah Whitney, of Middlebury township, Tioga 
 county. They reared five children, as follows: Fidelia, who married Erastus Rice; 
 Wheeler 0., Bradford W., E. Moses, who died from wounds received at the battle 
 of Cold Harbor, and Eannie, wife of Ira Mourey. Mr. Merrick and wife were mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he was a Democrat. 
 
 Beadfoed W. Meeeick, son of William L. Merrick, was bom in Middlebury 
 township, Tioga county, March 19, 1842. He was reared in this county, and ob- 
 tained his education in the common schools. On August 4, 1862, he enlisted in 
 Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was 
 honorably discharged after nine months' service. In the fall of 1864 he re-enlisted 
 in Company C, Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served until mustered out in 
 August, 1865. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
 and all of the engagements of the final campaign of the Army of the Potomac, 
 ending with the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. Prom the close of the war until 
 his death Mr. Merrick was engaged in famaing in Deerfield township. In 1866 
 he married Emily E. Howland, a daughter of Joseph and Lucy (Rexford) Howland, 
 of Chatham township, who bore him three children: Philip H., Fred. J. and Daniel 
 W. Mr. Merrick was a stanch Democrat, and a member of the G. A. R., the K. of 
 H. and the Grange. He died June 1, 1896, from diseases contracted in the army. 
 
 William Wagnee was born in Steuben county, ISTew York, December 23, 1842, 
 a son of Inglehart and Christina (Collier) Wagner, and is of German and English 
 extraction. His paternal grandfather, Abraham Wagner, was a native of Germany, 
 and a pioneer of Steuben county. William was reared in his native county, was 
 educated in the common schools, and on attaining his majority clerked in a store, 
 and later engaged in farming in Deerfield township, Tioga county, where he has 
 resided since 1870. In May, 1868, he married Maria Howland, a daughter of Eddy 
 and Charlotte (Rexford) Howland, of Deerfield township, and has one son living, 
 Eddy H. The latter has developed a rare taste for Indian and ancestral relics, 
 and, although but sixteen years of age, has gathered a collection to be proud of. 
 Mr. Wagner resides with his wife and son on the Eddy Howland homestead. In 
 politics, he is a Democrat, and has held the ofiice of school director nine years. He 
 is a member of the E. A. U., and a charter member of the Grange organized at 
 Academy Comers in 1889. 
 
 Ebbnezee a. Bean was born in Centreville, Allegany county, New York, 
 
^^.^r <v^n>^jp/^^^^^«-*'^ 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. "^ 897 
 
 April 10, 1844, a son of Orson and Clara (Van Buren) Bean. He was reared in his 
 native coimty, and obtained a common school education. On August 9, 1863, when 
 but eighteen jears of age, he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Thirtieth 
 New York Volunteers, from which he was transferred with his regiment, in July, 
 
 1863, to the First New York Dragoons. He participated in the battle of Deserted 
 Farm, near Black Water, Virginia, where he was wounded in the right hand, losing 
 his thumb, and also in other engagements, and was honorably discharged April 1, 
 
 1864. He then engaged in farming in Allegany county. New York, until 1875, 
 when he removed to Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he has 
 since resided. For the past twenty years he has operated a cheese factory in Deer- 
 field, and a similar factory in Austinburg, for twelve y^ars. These factories have 
 a combined annual product of 200,000 pounds. Since the spring of 1895 he has 
 operated the West Farmington Cheese Factory, in Farmington township. Its annual 
 output is 70,000 pounds. Mr. Bean was married May 18, 1890, to Abbie C. Knox, 
 
 ,a daughter of Archibald D. and Julia A. (White) Knox, of Deerfield township. He 
 is a member of the F. & A. M., also of Lafayette Hose Company, of Knoxville, and 
 in politics, is a Republican. 
 
 William A. jACKSOisr, son of Asa and Mary Jackson, was bom in Sullivan 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1833, and grew to manhood on his 
 father's farm, his parents being pioneer settlers of that township. He was married 
 December 30, 1856, to Susan Slocum, bom August 1, 1838, in Dutchess county, 
 New York, a daughter of John P. and Eliza T. Slocum, who settled in Chatham 
 township, Tioga county, about 1843, on the farm where Mrs. Jackson now resides. 
 After his marriage, Mr. Jackson resided in Shippen township three years, and then 
 removed to Chatham township, where he followed farming until his death, Oc- 
 tober 23, 1891. Seven children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, viz: Henry C, 
 a resident of Deerfield township; Anna E., wife of David Short; Lewis, deceased; 
 Lelia, A., wife of Frank Husted; Wilbur A., of Deerfield township; Tyna B., wife 
 of Fred. Walker, and Delia M. During the war Mr. Jackson served as a corporal 
 in Company G, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, partici- 
 pating with his regiment in numerous battles and skirmishes. He was taken 
 prisoner at the battle of Gettysburg, but was paroled on the field. In politics, he 
 was a Eepublican, and was a member of the G. A. R. and the K. of H. 
 
 Henet C. Jackson, eldest son of William A. Jackson, was born in Shippen 
 township, Tioga county, N"ovember 18, 1857. When about two years old his parents 
 removed to Chatham township, where he was reared to manhood, obtaining a 
 common school education. He engaged in fanning, and also kept a hotel at Academy 
 Comers four years. Since 1881 he has been a resident of Deerfield township. In 
 1880 he married Ellen Mattison, a daughter of Henry and Betsey (Cooper) Mat- 
 tison, of Chatham township, and has one daughter, Ethel R. In politics, Mr. Jack- 
 son is a Republican; has served as township supervisor two terms; as constable 
 six years, and as collector four years. He is a member of the Masonic order, and of 
 the I. 0. R. M. 
 
 John B. Bfsh was bom in the Province of Quebec, Canada, March 36, 1836, 
 a son of Peter and Julia ( Joard) Bush, both natives of Canada and of French descent. 
 His paternal grandfather was Jacques Bush, and his maternal grandfather was 
 57 
 
898 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Francis Joard, both natives of France. His parents located in Granville, Wash- 
 ington county, New York, in 1847. His father served in the Union army one year 
 during the Eebellion, enlisting at Fairfax, Vermont. He died in a hospital at 
 Washington, D. C, of disease contracted in the service, and is buried at Fairfax. 
 His mother was born July 13, 1809, in St. Ours, Canada; came to Brookfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, in 1866, where she remained until 1885, then returned to 
 Canada, and died at the residence of her daughter in 1890. The subject of this 
 sketch was reared in Granville, New York, from the age of eleven years. After 
 attaining the age of sixteen, he spent three winter terms in a country school, which 
 was all the educational advantages he ever received. In 1857 he came to Brookfield 
 township, Tioga county, where he rented a farm one year. In 1858 he purchased 
 108 acres of land which he cleared and improved, and still owns, and subsequently 
 added thereto 105 acres adjoining. He later purchased two farms of fifty acres 
 each in the same township. He resided in Brookfield until 1887, when he pur- 
 chased the Emmer Bowen farm, in Deerfield township, consisting of 250 acres, 
 for which he paid $10,500, and upon which he has since lived. During the Ee- 
 bellion he was drafted, and went to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, with the intention 
 of joining his regiment, but for family reasons subsequently sent a substitute. In 
 1886 he built a grist-mill at Westfield, Tioga county, at an expense of $10,000, 
 which he operated one year as a member of the firm of Eichardson & Bush, when he 
 sold out. The mill was burned in 1891. Mr. Bush was married in 1857, to Sarah 
 Kilburn, a daughter of Peter and Sophia (Burch) Kilburn, of Brookfield township, 
 and has four children living, viz: Florence E., wife of Samuel Ludlam; Julius 
 Edgar, Sarah Ethel and Zadie Evangeline. In politics, Mr. Bush is a Eepublican, 
 has filled various local oflS^ces, and is a member of Valley Grange. 
 
 Charles Metcalf was born in Brookfield township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, about 1838, a son of Daniel and Hanna (Terwilliger) Metcalf, pioneers of 
 Brookfield. He was reared to manhood in that township, and then located in Har- 
 rison township. Potter county, where he cleared and improved a farm, upon which 
 he resided until his death, at the age of forty-three years. His wife, Cornelia, was 
 a daughter of Peter and Polly (Young) Manchester, of Westfield township, Tioga 
 county. They were the parents of seven children, viz: Esther, wife of Henry Eood; 
 James, Justus, Daniel P., Lydia, Polly, wife of Charles Stephens, and Zoa, wife of 
 Eufus Camp. 
 
 Daniel P. Metcalf, son of Charles Metcalf, was born in Harrison township. 
 Potter county, July 30, 1861, and was educated in the common schools, Starkey 
 Seminary, and the State Normal School at Mansfield. He has followed farming as 
 an occupation, devoting considerable attention to tobacco growing. Since 1870 
 he has been a resident of Tioga county, and has lived in Deerfield township since 
 1888, where he owns a fine tobacco farm of 126 acres, known as the Eleazer Seely 
 farm. Mr. Metcalf was married August 12, 1896, to Caroline M. Wood, a daughter 
 of Oliver H. Wood, of Deerfield township. He is a member of the P. of H.; is a 
 Eepublican in politics; has held various local offices, and is now the assessor of Deer- 
 field township. 
 
 Samuel Ludlam was born in Eoseboom, Otsego county. New York, January 
 30, 1859, a son of Samuel and Martha (Barber) Ludlam, natives of Derbyshire, 
 
BI06HAPHICAL SKETCHES. 899 
 
 England, who came to the United States about 1835, and located in Otsego 
 county, New York, where the father engaged in farming. In 1867 he removed to 
 Charleston township, Tioga county, purchased a farm, and resided thereon up to 
 his death, January 27, 1884, aged seventy-six years. His wife died February 4, 
 1883, aged seventy years. They reared a family of nine children, viz: Mary A., 
 wife of Joseph Webb; Martha, wife of George Neal; Henry, who died of disease 
 while a soldier in the late war; George, John, Lucy, wife of George Wingate; 
 Elizabeth, deceased; Thomas and Samuel. The subject of this sketch was seven 
 years old when his parents came to Tioga county, and has always followed farming 
 as an occupation. He lived in Charleston township from 1866 to 1884, and then 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits in Osceola, later went to Nelson, and in 1890 
 located upon his present farm in Deerfield, which he purchased in 1893. Mr. 
 Ludlam has been twice married. His iirst wife was Huldah Monroe, a daughter 
 of Levi G. and Cynthia (Pease) Monroe, of Potter county, whom he married June 
 17, 1886, and who bore him three children, viz: Lewis L., Lawrence and Laura, 
 the last two being twins. His second wife, whom he married April 3, 1893, was 
 Florence E. Bush, a daughter of John B. and Sarah (Kilburn) Bush, of Deerfield. 
 Mr. Ludlam is a member of the Grange, in politics, a Eepublican, and has filled the 
 office of township auditor. 
 
 Henet Cubban was born in Chanceford, York county, Pennsylvania, March 
 jO, 1807, a son of Samuel and Mary Curran. He was reared in his native county, 
 snd about 1838 came to Tioga county, where he worked in the lumber woods and 
 in the spring rafted lumber down the Susquehanna to his home. On October 13, 
 1830, he married Mrs. SaUy Parker, a daughter of David Short, a pioneer of Deer- 
 field township, Tioga county, and the same year settled on his wife's farm in 
 Chatham township. He cleared and improved it, and resided there until his death, 
 October 6, 1855. Ten children were born of his marriage to Mrs. Parker, as follows: 
 Elias, Margaret, who married W. W. Beach; Melissa, who married Orange G. John- 
 son; Ira, Ann, who married Samuel M. Strawn; Emily A., who married Benjamin 
 F. Westbrook; George W., Clarissa, wife of Samuel P. King; Esther, wife of C. 
 E. Beach, and Henry. 
 
 Geoege W. Ctjeean, son of Henry Curran, was born on the old homestead in 
 Chatham township, Tioga county, July 33, 1844, obtained a common school educa- 
 tion, and resided on the home farm, which he still owns, until 1891. In that year 
 he removed to Knoxville. He has always followed farming as a vocation, and for 
 eight years made cattle droving a specialty, buying for the lower Pennsylvania 
 markets. Besides the old homestead of 113 acres, he also owns a 100-acre farm 
 adjoining. He served in Company G, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and participated in the battles of Port Steadman and Petersburg, his 
 company being in the front line during the latter engagement. He was honorably 
 discharged June 5, 1865. Mr. Curran married Hattie M. Westbrook, a daughter 
 of George and Lovisa (Taylor) Westbrook, of Middlebury township, September 1, 
 1867. After the death of Elias Curran and wife, they reared and educated his 
 brother's three children, viz: Frankie M., wife of Frank C. Teaehman; Samuel, and 
 Nettie, wife of George H. Bloom. They have also an adopted son, Fred. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Curran is a Eepublican, and is a member of the K. of H. and the G. A. E. 
 
900 . HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Benjamin Van Dusen was born in Maryland, Otsego county. New York, in 
 1806, a son of Jacob Van Dusen, whose ancestors were natives of Holland. He 
 grew to manhood in his native county, and came to Chatham township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in 1831, took up 150 acres of land, which he cleared and im- 
 proved, and resided there until 1869. In that year he removed to Cattaraugus 
 county. New York, where he died soon after at the age of sixty-three. His wife 
 was Jerusha Lee, a daughter of Daniel and Hannah (Butts) Lee, of Chatham town- 
 ship. Daniel Lee was a Eevolutionary soldier and a relative of the Lee family of 
 Virginia. She bore him a family of ten children, viz: Clarissa, Emily, who married 
 Morris Seeley; Daniel, Jacob, Charles H., Mary, wife of William Townsend; Ben- 
 jamin, Jerusha, wife of H. P. Daniels; James and Amelia, wife of Frank Godfrey. 
 
 Chaklbs H. Van Dtjsen, son of Benjamin Van Dusen, was bom on the old 
 homestead in Chatham township, Tioga county, August 35, 1837. He received 
 a good common school education, and taught school one term in Charleston town- 
 ship. He clerked for two years in a store at Wellsboro. In October, 1861, he en- 
 listed in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was honorably discharged 
 from the service in June, 1863. On his return home he engaged in farming in 
 Chatham township, which business he still continues, though he has resided in 
 Knoxville borough since 1893. Mr. Van Dusen married Sallie A. Owlett, a daughter 
 of Gilbert B. and Martha (Pope) Owlett, of Chatham township, January 17, 1866, 
 and has three children: Kate, wife of Eugene Sprague; Claribel, wife of Harley R. 
 Pride, and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Van Dusen are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and in politics, he is a Republican. He has held nearly all the minor o;ffices 
 of both Chatham and Deerfield townships, and is connected with the P. of H., K. of 
 H., and the G. A. R. 
 
 WESTFIELD TOWNSHIP AND BOEOUGH. 
 
 Jonathan Seamans, a native of Foster, Providence county, Rhode Island, 
 born April 19, 1794, was a son of Israel Seamans, and a grandson of Thomas Sea- 
 mans, who served as a major in the Revolution. Jonathan came to Westfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and settled on land now owned by Hol- 
 lister Baker, in Westfield borough. In 1848 he removed to the land still owned 
 by his sons, where he spent the remaining years of his life, dying August 15, 1867. 
 He married Rebecca Tuttle, September 38, 1819. She was a daughter of Ayers 
 Tuttle, who fought in the battle of Bunker Hill, and was bom in Catherine, 
 Tompkins county. New York, May 16, 1803. She came with her parents to what is 
 now Westfield township, Tioga county, in 1809, where she resided up to her death, 
 September 16, 1873. Thirteen children were the fruits of this union, twelve of 
 whom grew to maturity, viz: Polly R., who married Levi Scott; Eliza P., who 
 married William Morris; Hannah L., who married Aurora Streeter; Israel A., 
 William Orville, Eli B., Chloe L., who married John Potter; Lorania L., who mar- 
 ried Frank Cowles; Sheldon Alonzo, Loren B., John M. and Milo P. The family is 
 one of the oldest and best known in the county, and are eamest supporters of the 
 principles and measures of the Republican party. Numerous descendants of 
 Jonathan Seamans are living in Tioga county, and many of them are among the 
 enterprising citizens of the community which he helped to found. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 901 
 
 William Oeville Seamans, son of Jonathan and Eebeeca Seamans, was born 
 in Westfield township, Tioga county, May 6, 1839, and has spent his entire life in the 
 same. He cleared and improved a farm of seventy acres, and is one of the repre- 
 sentative farmers of his native township. On April 17, 1853, he married Julett 
 Thompson, a daughter of Demarous L. and Philadelphia (Rowell) Thompson, of 
 "Westfield. Her father was a soldier in the War of 1813, and wa^ stationed at 
 Saekett's Harbor. Her grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Seamans are among the well-known people of Westfield, and give an earnest support 
 to every worthy object. In politics, he is a stanch adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Eli B. Seamaks, son of Jonathan and Eebeeca Seamans, was bom in West- 
 field township, Tioga county, August 33, 1831, was reared upon the homestead 
 farm, and attended the public schools in boyhood. On attaining his majority he 
 engaged in farming, and owns fifty acres of his father's farm, and 100 acres ad- 
 ditional, most of which he has cleared and improved. In April, 1861, he enlisted 
 for the Three Months' service, in the famous Bucktail regiment, and on May 3, of 
 the same year, he re-enlisted for three years, in Company A, of the same regiment, 
 known as the First Pennsylvania Eifies. He was in the battles of Drainsville, 
 Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, and Charles City 
 Cross Eoads, and was wounded in the last engagement, in three places, June 30, 
 1863. He was there taken prisoner and sent to Libby prison. After four months 
 he was paroled and sent to Davis Island Hospital, where he remained four months, 
 and was then detailed for garrison duty at Fort Hamilton, and assisted in putting 
 down the New York riots of July, 1863. In September, 1863, he rejoined his regi- 
 ment at Culpepper, Virginia, and took part in the battles of Mine Eun, Wilderness, 
 Spottsylvania, North Anna and Bethesda Church. On June 14, 1864, he was 
 honorably discharged from the service at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and re- 
 turned to his home in Tioga county. Mr. Seamans was married July 3, 1865, to 
 Maria McMines, a daughter of William and Olive (Tubbs) McMines, of Westfield, 
 who has borne him four children: Jennie, William, Albert and Justus. Mr. Sea- 
 mans is a member of Babeock Post, No. 358, G. A. E., of Westfield, and in politics, 
 lie is a Eepublican. , 
 
 Sheldon Alonzo Seamans, fourth son of Jonathan and Eebeeca Seamans, 
 was born in Westfield township, Tioga county, February 15, 1839. He grew to 
 manhood beneath the parental roof, and obtained his education in the common 
 schools. He has been engaged in farming since attaining his majority, and owns 
 and occupies a part of the old homestead, cleared and improved by his father. For 
 upwards of thirty years he has also followed lumbering in connection with farming. 
 From 1857 to 1865, he was connected with the leading lumber firm of Salamanca, 
 New York, but since the latter year he has resided permanently on his farm. Mr. 
 Seamans was married December 3, 1867, to Susan G. Boileau, a daughter of Daniel 
 E. and Betsey Boileau, of Centre county, Pennsylvania. They are the parents of two 
 children: Daniel Eay, and Edna Eebeeca. In politics, he is a Democrat, and has 
 held various local offices in his township. He is a member of Eulalia Grange, No. 
 1088, of Westfield, and is recognized as one of the foremost and enterprising citizens 
 of the community. 
 
 Stephen Pottee, a native of Ehode Island, bom in 1789, came to Tioga 
 
902 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 county, Pennsylvania, in company with a party of settlers from his State, in 1817, 
 and later cut a road through the forest from the site of Westfield borough to that of 
 Potter Brook. Here he located in 1818, and cleared a farm of 135 acres. The vil- 
 lage of Potter Brook stands on a part of the old homestead, the remaining thirty- 
 five acres being owned by his son, George W. Mr. Potter was a stonemason and 
 bricklayer, and followed that business for many years. It is said that he laid every 
 stone in the front portion of the court house at WeUsboro. He learned his trade in 
 Ehode Island, serving seven years' apprenticeship. He married Matilda Aldrich, 
 to which union were born the following children: Sarah Ann, who married Charles 
 H. Metcalf; Elizabeth, who married David Taylor; Stephen, who married Olive 
 "Wood; Jonathan, who married Hannah Brooks; Mary Adelcy, who rdarried I. C. 
 Thompson; Matilda, who married Calvin Brooks; William, who remained single; 
 John, who married Chloe Seamans; George W., a resident of "Westfield township, 
 and Benjamin Franklin, who married Amanda Mack, entered the Union army, and 
 died in Andersonville prison. Mr. Potter was a member of the Free "Will Baptist 
 church, and an adherent of the Eepubliean party. He died April 9, 1875, in his 
 eighty-seventh year. His wife died August 36, 1874, in the eighty-second year of 
 her age. 
 
 Geoege W. Pottee, the only surviving son of Stephen and Matilda Potter, 
 was born on the homestead at Potter Brook, Tioga county, February 14, 1835, and 
 obtained his education in the common schools and at Union Academy. On at- 
 taining his majority, he worked for a short time at the mason's trade, and afterwards 
 worked as a carpenter for fifteen years. He next engaged in farming, and has 
 since operated a planing, shingle, feed and carding-mill. In 1863 he enlisted in 
 Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was taken 
 prisoner at the battle of Fredericksburg, and was confined in Libby prison about one 
 month. From there he was sent to Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland, where he 
 remained some five months, and was honorably discharged at Harrisburg after ten 
 months' service. Mr. Potter has been married three times. His first wife was Mary 
 L. Mulford, a daughter of Edward Mulford, whom he married January 1, 1869. 
 She bore him three children: ISTewell, Eddie and Frank, and died July 13, 1883. His 
 second wife was Emma E. Baker, a daughter of Harrison Baker, whom he married 
 January 1, 1885. She became the mother of three children, viz: Lena, Leon and 
 IN'ellie. He was again married July 20, 1895, to Mrs. Sarah E. Ordiway, widow of 
 John Ordiway, and a daughter of Edwin Manning. She has one daughter by her 
 former marriage, Ola Ordiway, now eighteen years of age. Mr. Potter is a Eepub- 
 liean, in politics, and a member of the G. A. E. 
 
 James King, Se., a pioneer of AVestfield tovmship, Tioga county, and a son of 
 James and Ehoda (Allen) King, was born in Providence, Ehode Island, March 38, 
 1765. His father was bom in December, 1731, and died December 16, 1818. The 
 family traces its ancestry back to James King, who came from England to America 
 and settled in Ehode Island. His son James married a Miss Clark, and reared two 
 sons and several daughters. The sons were David and James. The former never 
 married, but James married Ehoda Allen, and reared seven children, as follows: 
 Keziah, Ehoda, Phoebe, James, Sarah, Amy and Eachel. The subject of this 
 sketch settled on the farm in "Westfield borough, now owned by C. E. Krusen, in 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 903 
 
 1835. He cleared and improved this property and at his death was buried thereon. 
 He introduced and used the first cow stancheons in the county, and was quite a pros- 
 perous farmer. He married Eoby Howland, born March 9, 1769, who became the 
 mother of thirteen children, viz: Prince, Allen, Eddy, Ozial H., Sarah, who married 
 Christopher Sayles; John, James, Keziah, who married Joel Crandall; Willaxd 
 H., Hannah, who married Stephen Partello; Eoby, who married James Calkins; 
 Adriel and Almon. There was also a half brother, Stephen, who was older than 
 Prince. Mr. King died November 13, 1844, in the eightieth year of his age, and 
 his wife, Eoby, November 3, 1836, in her sixty-eighth year. 
 
 Peince King, eldest son of James and Eoby (Howland) King, was born in Bur- 
 rUlville, Providence county, Ehode Island, June 30, 1789. In 1815 he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and in 1831 settled on Jemison creek, in Westfield 
 township. Here he cleared and improved a farm, upon which he died October 14, 
 1871, at the age of eighty-two years. He married Sally Seelye, a daughter of Eben- 
 ezer Seelye, a Eevolutionary soldier and a pioneer of Deerfield township. She was 
 bom May 4, 1800, the first white female child bom in Deerfield, and died April 38, 
 1845. Ten children were the fruits of this union, viz: James, Allen, Julius S., Eoby, 
 who married Eufus A. Stanton; Ozial H., Ebenezer, deceased; Friendship P., who 
 married Squire Southworth; Mary S., who married Ethan Taft, and died May 26, 
 1894, in Midland, Michigan; Prince W. and "Willard A. Mr. King was a carpenter, 
 and followed his trade in connection with farroing. Originally a Democrat, he 
 was a Eepublican from the organization of that party. He was called upon many 
 times to fill various township ofi&ces, and was drawn as a jur5rman in the courts at 
 Wellsboro twenty-one years in succession. Mr. King was a great bible student, led 
 an exemplary life, and was highly respected by his friends and neighbors. 
 
 James King was bom in Deerfield township, Tioga county, April 9, 1820, a 
 son of Prince King, and grandson of James King, Sr. His parents removed to 
 Westfield township the year after his birth, where he grew to manhood. In 1842 
 he settled on the farm now owned by his sons, Lorenzo K. and Aaron P., cleared 
 and improved it, and resided there until his death, April 4, 1894. He married 
 Louisa Hoover, a daughter of John and Sarah J. Hoover. Her parents settled in 
 Westfield township in 1833, where her father died in February, 1841, and her 
 mother in June, 1847, aged sixty-three and sixty-six years, respectively. Mrs. King 
 became the mother of seven children, viz: Sally J., who married Alexander Lattimer; 
 Amelia, who married Seth Tremain; Adelia, who married G. H. Tremain (Amelia 
 and Adelia were twins); Sarah M., wife of Charles T. Boom; Ehadetska, Lorenzo 
 K. and Aaron P. Mrs. King died November 15, 1893, aged sixty-seven years. 
 Politically, Mr. King was a Eepublican from the organization of that party, prior 
 to which he was a Democrat, and held various local ofiices in the township. He 
 was one of the well-known mechanics and bridge builders of "Westfield. 
 
 Ehadetska King, son of James and Louisa King, was bom on the homestead 
 farm, in Westfield township, Tioga county, January 18, 1850, and obtained a common 
 school education. He is a natural mechanic, and has followed carpentering, bridge 
 building, and railroad contracting, in connection with farming. He has resided 
 on his present farm since 1870, and is one of the prosperous citizens of the town- 
 ship. He married Mary E. Boom, a daughter of John P. Boom, of Knoxville, Tioga 
 
904 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 county. Five children were born to this union, three of whom are living, viz: Ef- 
 fie, wife of Byron Havens; Jay and Bix Gilbert. In politics, Mr. King is a Kepub- 
 lican, and is one of the progressive citizens of the township. 
 
 LoHBNZO K. King was born upon the homestead in Westfield township, 
 Tioga county. May 13, 1852, a son of James and Louisa King. He was educated in 
 the common schools and at Mansfield State Normal School; has followed the occu- 
 pations of farmer, meehamc, teacher and jobber; was clerk in the county commis- 
 sioners' office at Wellsboro for three years, and served one term as county auditor. 
 He was one of the chief movers in organizing the Cowanesque Valley Agricultural 
 Society; was untiring in his efforts to estabUsh it on a firm foundation, and was 
 its first president. He also started the Breeders' and Dairy Association of Tioga 
 county, of which he is secretary. He has given considerable effort toward writing for 
 various publications, aud possesses good literary taste. Mr. King was married April 
 4, 1885, to Ada E. Haven, a daughter of Solon E. and Amelia A. (Kenyon) Haven, 
 of "Westfield township. She was born July 15, 1859, in Rutland, Tioga county, and 
 taught fourteen terms of school. She is the mother of one son, James Eex. In 
 politics, Mr. King is a Republican, and is one of the enterprising citizens of the 
 township. 
 
 OziAL H. King, son of Prince and Sally King, was born on the old homestead 
 in Westfield township, Tioga county, November 3, 1829. Heleamed the black- 
 smith's trade, which he followed forty years in connection with farming and lum- 
 bering, and has lived on his present farm since 1867. Mr. King was maxried May 
 13, 1854, to May Elizabeth Carpenter, a daughter of Samuel and Electa (Parker) 
 Carpenter, of Westfield. She was bom August 27, 1834, and is the mother of eight 
 children, viz: Amy Celia, born March 16, 1855, wife of Charles W. Bryant; Electa 
 L., bom August 22, 1857, wife of Darius S. Short; Eddie P., bom September 29, 
 1859; James Devillo, bom May 12, 1862; Willard H., bom August 12, 1864; Frank 
 J., bom November 7, 1871; Ward L., bom June 5, 1873, and Earl, bom May 30, 
 1877, and died July 15, following. In politics, Mr. King is a Republican. 
 
 WiLLAED King, the youngest child of Prince and Sally King, was bom on the 
 old homestead in Westfield township, Tioga county, August 29, 1843. He there 
 grew to manhood, and has always made it his residence. At thirteen years of age 
 he left school and started in life as a teamster, but since attaining his majority he 
 has cultivated the homestead farm. For the past thirteen years he has been as- 
 sociated with his brother, Prince W., in the lumber business. On October 26, 
 1883, Mr, King married Sarah Partello, a daughter of Stephen and Hannah (Kling) 
 Partello, of Whitesville, New York. Politically, he is a stanch Republican. 
 
 William Howland, eldest son of John and Susannah (Salisbury) Howland, 
 was bom in Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1814. His 
 parents were natives of Rhode Island, and among the first settlers of Deerfield 
 township, and later residents of Westfield. Their children were as follows: Wil- 
 liam, Hannah, who married Eleazer Seeley; Miriam, who married Samuel Mon- 
 roe; Polly, who maiTied James Swimelar; Roby, Susan, second wife of Samuel 
 Monroe, and John. The subject of this sketch cleared and improved a farm on Jemi- 
 son creek, in Westfield township, now occupied by his widow, and owned by his 
 son, John M. He married Sarah J. Hoover, a daughter of John and Sarah J. (Al- 
 
"%^ ^ ^;^J6^^s^^3*^<J^^<^ 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 905 
 
 bert) Hoover, January 2, 1840. Her parents were residents of Westfield, whence 
 they; came from Schoharie county, New York, in 1830. Thirteen children were the 
 fruits of this union, viz: Melvina, Emily, Miriam, who married Sherwood Hotal- 
 ing; Sarah J., Polly, who married L. Helmer; John M., Hannah, wife of Dolph Brace; 
 Susan, Louisa, Samuel, Bemieia, wife of Fred Warner; Theron, and Clara, wife of 
 Lee Witlers. Mr. Howland was a prominent farmer of his day, and held various 
 offices in the township. In politics, he was a Eepublican, and a member of the 
 Baptist church for twenty-three years. He died June 7, 1893. 
 
 John Melvin Howland, eldest son of William and Sarah J. Howland, was 
 bom in Westfield township, Tioga county, May 17, 1849. He attended the com- 
 mon schools of the district, and since attaining his majority has been extensively 
 engaged in farming and lumbering, turning out about 2,000,000 feet of lumber 
 annually. He is the owner of the old homestead in Westfield township, and 
 also owns a fine farm in Chatham township. Mr. Howland was mar- 
 ried April 31, 1867, to Jeannette Chapman, a daughter of Andrew and Margaret 
 (Swimely) Chapman, of Clymer township, and has five children: Lena B., wife of 
 Henry Spicer; Jennie, wife of Oren Mack; Lewell, who married Ella Mack; Maud, 
 wife of J. W. Smith, and Zecal. In politics, he is an ardent Democrat; has held 
 various township offices, and has served as a member of the Democratic county com- 
 mittee. Mr. Howland is a E. A. M. in the Masonic order. 
 
 Melkiee Labae, son of Melkier Labar, a native of France, was bom in 1755, 
 and settled in Westfield towniihip, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1834, on the 
 farm now owned and occupied by his son James. His wife was Margaret Jolly, 
 who became the mother of twelve children, ten of whom grew to manhood and 
 womanhood, as follows: Catherine, who married Jacob Krantz; Deborah, who 
 married Elijah Bellews; George, Philinda, who married Morgan Huyler; Matilda, 
 wife of Samuel Westgate; Priscilla, wife of Allen Brace; Phoebe A., wife of 
 James Carpenter; John, Mary, wife of Delos Parrish, and James. Mr. Labar died 
 on the homestead in Westfield township in 1851, at the ripe old age of ninety-six 
 years. 
 
 James Labae, youngest son of Melkier Labar, was bom in Tompkins county, 
 New York, August 9, 1832, and was about two years old when his parents settled in 
 Westfield township, Tioga county. He grew to manhood in this county, obtaining 
 but a limited education in the common schools, and has since lived on the old home- 
 stead, most of which he cleared from the original forest. He has erected all of the 
 buildings now upon it, and has owned the farm since 1861. In September, 1863, he 
 enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 participated in the battles of Mine Eun, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and 
 Petersburg. He was wounded in the last mentioned engagement, in June, 1864, 
 and was honorably discharged from the service in July, 1865. In 1855 he married 
 Harriet Hunt, a daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Knapp) Hunt, of Westfield town- 
 ship, and has two sons: Elvemon and Marion S. Mr. Labar is a Eepublican, in 
 politics, and is a leading farmer of his township. 
 
 Timothy Leonahd was bom in Mansfield, Massachusetts, July 3, 1757, 
 a son of Deacon Abiel and Abigail (Elliott) Leonard. His grandfather, Samuel 
 Leonard, was a son of Thomas Leonard, and a grandson of James Leonard, 
 
906 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a native of England, who settled at Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1653. James 
 Leonard was the progenitor of the Leonards of Taunton, and the ancestor of the 
 Leonards of Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He erected the first forge or furnace 
 in the Plymouth Colony, which afterwards became the principal one in America. 
 He and his sons often traded with the Indians, with whom they were on terms of. 
 friendship, and when King Philip's War broke out, strict orders were given 
 that the Leonards should not be harmed. Thomas Leonard became a noted phy- 
 sician; was a major in the militia, a justice of the peace, a church deacon, and 
 judge of the court of common pleas from 1703 to 1713. Samuel Leonard, his 
 fourth son, was a man of distinguished piety, and filled the ofiices of deacon in the 
 church, captain and justice of the peace. Deacon Abiel Leonard, son of Samuel, 
 was bom February 36, 1710, and died October 37, 1803. But little of his history 
 is known. Timothy Leonard, the subject of this sketch, married Susannah Presby, 
 of Taunton, Massachusetts, who bore Mm a family of eight children. He was a 
 man of strict integrity, earnest piety, and inherited the sterling qualities of his 
 ancestors, with the exception that he lacked successful financial ability. He died 
 at Smyrna, New York, July 10, 1830. 
 
 Stephen A. Leonaed, son of Timothy and Susannah Leonard, was born in 
 Saratoga county. New York, September 9, 1798, and in 1836 he settled in "West- 
 
 < field township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, on what is now known as the Leonard 
 homestead. He cleared and improved this farm, and resided there until his death, 
 which occurred May 4, 1868. On April 36, 1831, he married Penninah TJ. Darrow, 
 to which union were bom nine children, viz: Lovina H., who married C. Henry 
 Judd; Sophia, who married Samuel B. Price; Cornelia, who married Darius W. 
 Nobles; Walter, Timothy E., Peter D., S. Selina, who married Sidney Beach; 
 Orpha and Delos F. Mr. Leonard was a licensed preacher of the Wesleyan Metho- 
 dist church, and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Petee D. Leonaed, son of Stephen A. lieonard, was bom in Smyrna, Chenango 
 
 > county. New York, August 19, 1833, and was four years old when his parents 
 located in Westfield township, Tioga county, where he grew to manhood. He was 
 a farmer and manufacturer of cheese, and followed these vocations in .Westfield 
 and Delmar townships, also in New York, Harrison Valley and North Bingham, 
 Pennsylvania, finally returning to Westfield, where he continued to reside until his 
 death, March 30, 1893. Mr. Leonard was twice married. His first marriage 
 occurred March 14, 1859, to Selina Houghton, who died July 17, 1860. He was 
 again married December 15, 1863, to Martha Peet, a daughter of Joshua and Eliza- 
 beth (Allen) Peet, pioneers of Delmar township, Tioga county. To this marriage 
 were born seven children, four of whom survive, two sons and two daughters. 
 
 Geoege Champlin, a native of Charleston, Ehode Island, bom September 39, 
 1793, was a son of Joshua Champlin, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 
 1831. He worked a farm on shares in Deerfield township for one year, and in 1833 
 he purchased a farm in Harrison township. Potter county, cleared up a part of it, 
 and resided there fifteen years. In 1837 he returned to Tioga county, and pur- 
 chased the land in Westfield township now owned by his sons, James and John, upon 
 which he resided until his death. On January 6, 1832, he married Loncy Works, 
 a daughter of James and Eachel (Cass) Works, of Otsego county, New York, to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 907 
 
 which union were born eight children, viz: William, Eobert H., Mary M., James, 
 Emma A., wife of Stephen Sperry; Joseph W., John, and Alpha A., wife of James 
 E. Dodge. 
 
 James Champlin, son of George and Loncy Champlin, was bom in Harrison 
 township. Potter county, Pennsylsrania, March 13, 1831, and was six years old when 
 his parents located in Westlield township, Tioga county. He attended the pioneer 
 schools of his neighborhood in youth, and assisted his father in clearing and im- 
 proving the old homestead, of which he now owns seventy-eight acres. He also 
 owns 187 acres adjoining, a good share of which he cleared himself, and erected 
 thereon all of the buildings. He lived there until 1889, and then removed to 
 Cowanesque, where he is now enjoying the fruits of his early industry. In 1861 
 he married Mary Lattimer, a daughter of James and Helen (Haining) Lattimer, 
 natives of Scotland, who settled in Westfield township in 1853. Her parents died 
 at the age of eighty-five and seventy-five years, respectively. Mrs. Champlin was 
 born in Dumfrieshire, Scotland, April 10, 1841, and is the mother of five sons, viz: 
 Harrison, Sherman, Luman, James and Elder, all of whom are dead. The three 
 eldest and the youngest all died within five weeks with diphtheria, and a strange 
 coincident is that each died on a Thursday. Mr. Champlin has an adopted daugh- 
 ter, Hilda. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is- recognized as one of the sub- 
 stantial citizens of the township. 
 
 HoLLiSTEE Bakee, born in Eochester, New York, in 1816, a millwright by 
 trade, settled in "Westfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1839, and 
 erected one of the first grist-mills in that locality. He afterwards lived on Pine 
 creek for a time and later worked in a foundry and machine shop at Otsego, New 
 York. In 1849 he returned to Westfield and built a foundry, which he operated 
 until the sixties, when it was burned down. In 1865, in company with his son 
 Albert, he rebuilt on the same site, and began the manufacture of carriages and 
 wagons, which they manufactured four years, when the structure was again burned. 
 Nothing daunted, they rebuilt and carried on the works for a short time and then 
 sold out. Mr. Baker has since been engaged in farming. He married Dorlesca 
 Phillips, a daughter of Eichard and Amity Phillips, of Westfield, to which union 
 were born six children, viz: Albert, Victoria, wife of Dr. Frank Buck; Cecil 
 E., Viola, wife of E. M. Baker; Effie, wife of Herbert E. Baker, and Ora E. Mrs. 
 Baker died November 10, 1888, aged sixty-six years. Mr. Baker has been rather 
 independent in politics, and has filled the oifice of assessor. 
 
 Albeht Bakee, eldest son of Hollister Baker, was born in Westfield, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 16, 1842. He attended the public schools in boyhood, and later 
 Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York. Being a natural mechanic, 
 he adapted himself to the machinist's trade, though for some years prior to the 
 Civil War he worked at cajpentering. On May 30, 1861, he enlisted in Company 
 A, First Eifle Eegiment, Thirteenth Pennsylvania EeseiTe, widely known as the 
 Bucktail regiment, and participated in fifteen battles and skirmishes. He lost his 
 left arm at South Mountain, September 15, 1862, and was honorably' discharged 
 November 26, following. From 1865 to 1869, he was engaged in business with his 
 father in Westfield, and later studied civil engineering. In May, 1880, he em- 
 barked in business for himself in Westfield, where he has since successfuUv carried 
 
908 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 on a foundry, machine and general repair shop. Mr. Baker was married in 1864, 
 to Sellie Smith, a daughter of E. G. and Betsey (Burdic) Smith, of Sabinsyille, 
 Tioga county, and has three children: Ilba, wife of Emil Buhr; Vida, wife of 
 Edward Ladd, and Klein D. In politics, Mr. Baker is independent, and has held 
 various local offices. 
 
 Newbuky Cloos, Sk., a native of the Mohawk valley. New York, came with 
 his father, Eeuben Cloos, a native of Scotland, to the Cowanesque valley in 1807, 
 and settled in what is now Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he cleared and improved a farm. The records show that he acquired title to his 
 land on January 1, 1808. He was twice married. His first wife, Esther Short, was 
 the mother of eleven children, as follows: Eeuben, Polly, who married George Parker; 
 Abel, Matilda, whose first husband was William Falkner, and second husband, 
 Barney Daniels; Sophia, who married Charles Avery, an early settler of Chatham 
 township; Hannaii, who became the mfe of Daniel D. Church; Armon, David, 
 Ambrose, Newbury, and Esther, who married Henry P. Daniels, all of whom are 
 dead except Mrs. Daniels. Mrs. Cloos died October 2, 1839, and her husband mar- 
 ried Mrs. Patty P. Eeynolds, who survived him three months. He died May 7, 
 1853, in his eighty-first year, and his wife, Patty P., August 7, following, in the 
 eighty-third year of her age. 
 
 David Cloos, a son of Newbury and Esther Cloos, was born in Deerfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, March 7, 1809, and was reared on the old homestead. He 
 cleared and improved a farm in his native township, and in December, 1840, removed 
 to Westfield township, where, with the exception of two years that he occupied 
 the old homestead in Deerfield, he resided until his death, July 12, 1863. From 
 December, 1840, to April, 1847, he was proprietor of a hotel in Westfield, after 
 which period he devoted his whole attention to farming. He married Maria Sweet, 
 of Deerfield township, who bore him twelve children, eleven of whom grew to 
 maturity, viz: Ambrose, Noah, Marietta, wife of Elias H. Clark; Amelia, wife of 
 Eobert E. Parshall; Matilda, wife of Albert W. Potter; A. Byron, Bernard, Burnett, 
 Marie, wife of G. A. King, and Cora, wife of George Trim. 
 
 Ambeose Close, originally spelled "Cloos," is the eldest son of David and 
 Maria Cloos. He was bom in Deerfield township, Tioga coimty, March 4, 1835, 
 and came to Westfield with his parents when but five years of age. He was reared 
 in Westfield, and educated at the Union Academy and Alfred University. For 
 twenty years he was engaged in the mercantile business at Westfield, and three and 
 a half years at Elkland, and for forty years he has been more or less engaged in farm- 
 ing. Mr. Close was married March 12, 1861, to Ann V. Secord, a daughter of Gil- 
 bert S. and Sophia (Marsh) Secord, of Westfield, who bore him one son, Eoy, who 
 died February 2, 1881, in his fifteenth year. Mrs. Close died November 9, 1891, 
 aged fifty-nine years. She was an attendant of the Universalist church, a charitable 
 and kind neighbor, and a good wife and mother, who enjoyed the love and esteem 
 of all who knew her. Mr. Close has liberally supported the churches of Westfield, 
 more especially the Universalist church. He is an ardent Eepubliean, has been 
 burgess of Westfield for several terms, and has also filled other local offices. He 
 is recognized as one of the representative citizens of the borough, in which the 
 greater portion of his life has been passed. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. QQQ 
 
 Daniel McNaughton, M. D., a son of Malcomb and Christie McNaughton, 
 was a native of Howard, Steuben county, 'New York, and of Scotch descent. He 
 studied medicine in Eoehester, New York, and in 1845 began the practice of his 
 profession at Westfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he resided until his 
 death, which occvirred December 34, 1883, aged sixty-five years. He always took an 
 active part in public affairs, was a stanch Eepublican from the organization of that 
 party, and was appointed postmaster of Westfield in 1861, which position he filled 
 until 1873, when he resigned to take his seat as associate judge of Tioga county. 
 He filled the latter office one term, and was then elected a justice of the peace for 
 Westfield borough. Dr. McNaughton's wife was Ann Gray, a daughter of Abiathar 
 and Amelia Gray, of Howard, New York. She bore him a family of three children, 
 viz: Niles Wesley, Francis D., and Helen M., wife of B. E. Close. As a physician. 
 Dr. McNaughton became prominent among his professional brethren of Tioga and 
 adjoining counties, and as a citizen he was identified with the growth and progress 
 of his adopted home for nearly forty years. 
 
 NiLES Wesley McNaughton, eldest son of Dr. Daniel McNaughton, was bom 
 in Westfield, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1845, and was reared in his native town. 
 He was educated in the public schools and at Union Academy, Academy Corners, 
 and at seventeen years of age began clerking in a drug store, which business he 
 followed as clerk and proprietor from 1863 until 1893. During the incumbency 
 of his father as postmaster of Westfield, he filled the position of assistant, and during 
 President Grant's first administration he was appointed postmaster of Westfield, 
 which position he filled continuously until the fall of 1885. Like his father, he 
 is a stanch Eepublican, and gives his earnest support to the principles and measures 
 of his party. In 1867 he married Emma L. Larrison, a daughter of William and 
 Sarah (Stryker) Larrison, of Clymer township, Tioga county. Mr. McNaughton 
 is a member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M., Westfield Chapter, No. 365, 
 and Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 38, of Wellsboro, in all of which he takes an 
 active interest. 
 
 William Simmons was bom in Benton, Yates county. New York, December 
 13, 1837, eldest son of Peter and Sarah (Perry) Simmons. His paternal grand- 
 father, Joseph Simmons, was a pioneer of Yates county, where his father was born. 
 Peter Simmons was twice married. His first wife, Sarah Perry, bore him four 
 children, viz: William, Joseph P., Charles H., and Delia, who married Alvah 
 Hurlbut. His second wife, Cynthia Lilley, became the mother of six children, as 
 follows: Leonard, Peter, Wilbert, Lafayette, Triphena, and Elizabeth, who mar- 
 ried William Wood. When the subject of this sketch was a child his parents moved 
 to Independence, Allegany county, New York, and a few years later to West Union, 
 Steuben county. In 1845 he came to Westfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he became a clerk in the store of Eussell & Hunt, then in charge of Eichard Krusen. 
 About five years later he formed a partnership with Mr. Krusen, and they carried 
 on business in the original store building for two years. In 1855 he purchased a 
 part of the farm in Westfield borough on which he now resides, and has made addi- 
 tional purchases from time to time, erected a commodious residence, and made many 
 other improvements. Mr. Simmons has been connected with the mercantile busi- 
 ness more or less for a number of years. He was a member of the firm of E. E. & 
 
910 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ■William Simmons, of Westfield, for about seven years, and carried on the business 
 for two years alone after his son's death. He has since devoted his principal atten- 
 tion to his farm. On November 3, 1850, he married Annice C. Boardman, a daugh- 
 ter of Elkanah and Clarissa C. (Benedict) Boaxdman, of Otsego county. New York. 
 Five sons were born to this union, as follows: Esson E., born January 26, 1852, who 
 married Addie L. Smith, and died November 26, 1882; Charles B., bom January 
 19, 1862, who married Lena R. Patten, and lives in Westfield; Prank W., born 
 March 6, 1864, a resident of Buenos Ayres, South America; Pred P., born April 
 29, 1867, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, who married Ida Louns- 
 bery, ajid Arthur J., bom May 27, 1869, a resident of "Westfield. They have also 
 reared an adopted daughter, Mrs. Henry Hyde, of Groton, New York. The family 
 are adherents of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, support the 
 Eepublican party. 
 
 Peank W. Simmons, a son of "William Simmons, was bom. in Oswayo, Potter 
 county, March 6, 1864. He attended the common schools of "Westfield and grad- 
 uated at the State Normal School, Mansfield, in the class of 1882. He then entered 
 the law office of Maj. George "W. Merrick, of Wellsboro, but was compelled to dis- 
 continue his law studies because of failing eye-sight. He later became book-keeper 
 in the office of H. H. Craxy & Company, tanners, of Westfield, and subsequently went 
 to Salamanca, New York, to fill the position of general business manager for the same 
 people, under the firm name of James Horton & Company. In July, 1894, he was 
 sent to Chattanooga, Tennessee, by the United States Leather Company, as super- 
 intendent of two tanneries in Tennessee, onfe in Georgia, and one in Kentucky. In 
 March, 1895, he was sent by the same company to Buenos Ayres, to represent them 
 in South America, where he is at present living. Mr. Simmons was married Januaiy 
 10, 1892, to Pannie "W. Seidler, of Leroy, New York, who accompanied him to the 
 southern hemisphere. 
 
 Ahthue J. Simmons, youngest son of "William Simmons, was bom in "Westfield, 
 Tioga county. May 27, 1869, and was educated in the "Westfield public schools. He 
 later found employment in the tannery of H. H. Crary & Company for a short 
 time, and then went to Salamanca, New York, where he filled the position of 
 book-keeper in the tannery office for some two years. Returning to Tioga county, 
 he became book-keeper in the tannery office at Tioga. In July, 1893, he was ap- 
 pointed traveling auditor of the United States Leather Company, for the tanneries 
 controlled by that company in New York, "Wisconsin and Maine, which position he 
 still occupies, though making his home with his parents in "Westfield. 
 
 Lyman Tkemain was born in Connecticut, October 29, 1786, a son of Julius 
 and Lucy Tremain. His father was a son of Joseph and Mary (Shapley) Tremain, 
 and grandson of Joseph and Eliza Tremain, who came from England to America 
 in 1666, and settled at New London, Connecticut. Their grandson, Gaines Tre- 
 main, was a soldier in the Revolution. Lyman Tremain was a pioneer of Lawrence 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he improved a farm, and died in 
 Westfield, January 13, 1864. He was married January 16, 1811, to Sophia Mer- 
 sereau. She was bom August 24, 1786, and died August 10, 1880. They were the 
 parents of seven children, as follows: Edward, Julius, John M., Joshua, Martin, 
 Theodore and Arthur. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 911 
 
 John M. Tremain, third son of Lyman and Sophia Tremain, was born Decem- 
 ber 2, 1816, was reared on a farm, and commenced life for himself at Lindley, 
 Steuben county, New York. He was a pioneer of Lawrence township, Tioga 
 county, where he cleared and improved a farm. In 1858 he removed to Westfield, 
 and died in that borough, January 15, 1878, in his sixty-second year. He was twice 
 married, his first wife being Abigail B. Goodwin, of Lowell, Massachusetts, who 
 bore him ten children, namely: Almira M., who married Orson Bdgcomb; Seth 
 K., Lyman J., John A., Gilbert H., Warren H., Abigail, who married George W. 
 Neely; Orrin A., Maria L., who married Eobert Walker, and Theodore M. His 
 second wife was Mrs. Betsy Whipple, nee Pierce, of Westfield, who bore him two 
 children, Willis J. and Luther D. Sis of his sons by his first marriage served in 
 the Eebellion, namely: Seth K., Lyman J., who is supposed to have been killed in 
 the war; John A., who was killed at Gettysburg; Gilbert H., Warren H., and Orrin 
 A. Mr. Tremain was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, 
 an ardent Bepublican. 
 
 Gilbert H. Tremain, fourth son of John M. and Abigail Tremain, was bom 
 in Lindley, Steuben county, Xew York, December 26, 1843, and is of the sixth 
 generation from Joseph and Eliza Tremain, who settled at New London, Connecti- 
 cut. He was reared in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and was educated in the com- 
 mon schools. He enlisted in Company D., One Hundred and Forty-first New York 
 Volunteers, August 14, 1862, and served in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Mis- 
 sionary Eidge, Dalton, Einggold, Tunnel Hill, Eesaca and other engagements. He 
 was Avounded at Eesaea May 15, 1864, and was honorably discharged from the ser- 
 vice May 27, 1865. On his return home he engaged in lumbering up to 1873; later 
 served as constable and collector of Westfield, and in 1882 was appointed agent 
 for the Addison and Pennsylvania Eailroad Company at Westfield, which position 
 he s^jll occupies. Mr. Tremain was man-ied May 26, 1869, to Adelia, a daughter 
 of James and Louisa (Hoover) King, of Westfield. He is a member of Babcock 
 Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield; also of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. 
 M., and Westfield Chapter, No. 265, of Westfield, and Tyagaghton Commandery, 
 No. 28, of Wellsboro. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has taken an active 
 interest in local political afEairs for many years. 
 
 Theodore Tremain was born in Lindley, Steuben county. New York, April 
 10, 1825, a son of Lyman and Sophia Tremain. He removed with his parents to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and for many years was engaged in farming in Law- 
 rence and Westfield townships. He has been a resident of Cowanesque valley 
 since 1877. Mr. Tremain has been t^vice married. His. first wife was Josephine 
 Sprague, a daughter of Thomas and Keziali (Warren) Sprague, of Westfield, who 
 became the mother of three children, viz: Herman, E. Augustus and Samuel. 
 His second wife was Hannah Eeynolds, who bore him two children: Josephine, 
 wife of William Kress, and Lyman H. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist. 
 
 James Masten, M. D., was bom in Penn Yan, New York, May 26, 1827, a son 
 of Cornelius and Maria (Vosburg) Masten. His father was a prominent lawyer of 
 his day, and during President Van Buren's administration he was president judge 
 of Yates county. New York, and was also for a number of years president of Yates 
 County Academy. The maternal grandfather of our subject was Gen. Peter I. 
 
912 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Vosburg, of Stuyvesant, New York, who distinguished himself ia the War of the 
 Kevolution. Cornelius Masten at one time was the owner of valuable tracts of 
 timber lands in Warren county, Pennsylavnia, which have since become valuable 
 as oil producing territory. Dr. Hasten was educated at the Yates County Academy, 
 and the Military University at Norwich, Vermont. He commenced the study of 
 medicine with Drs. A. P. & W. Oliver, of Penn Yan, New York, and attended lectures 
 at Buffalo Medical College. He began the practice of his profession at White's 
 Comers, Potter county, Pennsylvania, in 1849, remaining there for eleven years. 
 In 1860 he located at Westfield, Tioga county, where he has since resided, having 
 attained a front rank in the practice of his profession. Dr. Masten was married 
 April 9, 1851, to Nancy C. Manning, a daughter of Lewis and Amanda M. (Gilbert) 
 Manning, of Harrison Valley, Pennsylvania, and grand-daughter of Eev. John D. 
 Gilbert, a distinguished divine of the Protestant Episcopal church. Dr. Masten 
 and wife are the parents of six children, five of whom grew to maturity, viz: Nor- 
 man L., Ida E., wife of Dr. W. E. Francis; Edward S. and Effie, twins, the latter 
 the wife of Isaac Taft, and Frank G., a graduate of the University of Buffalo, and 
 the Western Pennsylvania Medical College of Pittsburg. He also has a diploma 
 from the New York Polyclinic School, and began the practice of medicine in 1891, 
 and is now located at Westfield. He was married February 18, 1896, in New York 
 City, to Miss Amy Stead. The subject of this sketch is an active member of the 
 Masonic order, with which he has been prominently connected since 1853. He is 
 a member of Westfield Lodge and Chapter, being secretary of the latter, and is a 
 charter member of both organizations. Dr. Masten was censor, vice president, and 
 president of the old Tioga County Medical Society while it was in existence, and is at 
 present a member of the State Medical Society and the Elmira Academy of Medicine. 
 In 1884 he was appointed postmaster of Westfield by President Cleveland, and filled 
 the office four years. He has been a life-long Democrat, as was his father, and a 
 stanch advocate of Democratic principles. He has done considerable work as a 
 correspondent of various newspapers, and has also written a history of Westfield. 
 During the Rebellion he drilled the first members of the famous Bucktail regiment 
 LQ Tioga county, and has always taken a deep interest in military affairs. As a 
 physician. Dr. Masten is widely known, being the oldest practitioner in the north- 
 western part of Tioga county, where he has enjoyed for many years a large and 
 lucrative practice. He is now president of the Cowanesque Valley Agricultural 
 and Fair Association, and has given much attention to the gi-owth and progress of 
 agriculture. 
 
 William N. HI^ELB^T was bom in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, April 8, 1835, 
 third son of Lyman Hurlbut. He came with his parents to Tioga county in the 
 spring of 1856, and five years later removed to Lawrence township. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native county and at Wyoming Seminary. In 
 1862 he embarked in merchandising at Westfield, as a member of the firm of E. 
 Krusen & Company, which partnership lasted two years. He then removed to 
 Cowanesque village and formed a partnership with E. Skinner and Ira Edgcomb, 
 under the firm name of E. Skinner & Company, general merchants, and manu- 
 facturers of doors, sash and blinds, in which he was engaged for ten years. He 
 then returned to Westfield as a member of the firm of E. Krusen & Company, and 
 
JAMES CHAMPLIN. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 913 
 
 followed the lumber business until July, 1889. At that time he was appointed 
 postmaster of Westfield, was re-appointed on December 37, 1891, and filled the 
 position up to the close of 1895. Mr. Hurlbut was married January 18, 1869, to 
 Helen Close, a daughter of George and Eachel (Miller) Close, of Westfield, and 
 has three children, viz: Satie B., Nellie and Fred. In politics, a Eepublican, he 
 has been a school director of Westfield for twenty consecutive years. Mr. Hurlbut 
 is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is one of the enterprising, 
 well-known citizens of Westfield. 
 
 Isaac Plank, third son of Lovel Plank, Sr., was born at Penis Hill, Oneida 
 county. New York, in 1817, and removed with his parents to Brookfield township, 
 Tioga county, where he received a common school education. He cleared a farm 
 in that township, and followed agriculture until 1875, when he removed to West- 
 field and embarked in merchandising, which he followed for two years, and then 
 retired from business. He married Sally Ann Smith, a daughter of David and 
 Catherine (Duscheimer) Smith, of Harrison township. Potter county, to which 
 union were born five children, viz: Catherine, wife of Henry Wood; Lovel, 
 Devalience, Hajvey, and Lydia, wife of, Tyler Spaulding. Mrs. Plank was a mem- 
 ber of the Methodist church, and died July 34, 1859, aged forty-two years. In 
 politics, Mr. Plank was a Eepublican, and held various offices in Brookfield and 
 Westfield, and always took an active interest in public affairs. He was constable 
 and collector for many years, and at one time was personally acquainted with nearly 
 every voter in the county. He was a great favorite with the young, and was 
 familiarly known as "Uncle Isaac."' Mr. Plank died May 6, 1883, aged sixty-seven 
 years, dying as he had lived, a consistent member of the Baptist church. 
 
 Lovel Plank, eldest son of Isaac and Sally Ann Plank, was born in Brook- 
 field township, Tioga county, July 36, 1843, and grew to manhood iipon the old 
 homestead. Shortly after attaining his majority, he enlisted in Company D, Two 
 Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, which was assigned to the Third 
 Brigade, Third Division, Ninth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, and participated 
 in the battles of Port Stedman, Petersburg, Hatcher's Eun, and other minor engage- 
 ments, and was honorably discharged from the service May 13, 1865. In 1866 
 he located in Westfield, Tioga county, where he embarked in the grocery business, 
 which he continued for ten years, when he added thereto a stock of dry goods and 
 carried on a general store until 1883. In that year he engaged extensively as a dealer 
 in all kinds of agricultural implements, wagons, buggies, harness, etc., in which 
 he has since successfully continued. The firm of L. Plank & Company also carries 
 on the leading undertaking and furniture establishment in this section of the 
 county, keeping as fine a line of goods as is usually found in large cities. Mr. 
 Plank is also interested in other industries of Westfield. He owns and occupies for 
 business purposes the finest block in the borough, which he erected in 1885 on the 
 same site where he commenced business nearly twenty years before. On August 37, 
 1868, Mr. Plank married Mary A. Hancock, a daughter of Warren and Claxissa 
 (Hill) Hancock, of Clymer township, and has three children: Lydia, Burt B. and 
 Isaac W. In politics, Mr. Plank is a Eepublican, was the first burgess of Westfield, 
 and has served three consecutive terms in that office. He is a member of Babcock 
 Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield: Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. M.; West- 
 
 58 
 
9;l4 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 field Chapter, No. 265; Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 28, of Wellsboro, and 
 Jemison Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Westfield. He was one of the founders of the 
 Cowanesque Agricultural Society, of which he was president for several years, and 
 it owes much of its success to his liberality and efforts. Mr. Plank is now the 
 pioneer business man of Westfield and is recognized as one of the progressive and 
 public-spirited citizens of the Cowanesque valley. 
 
 Harvey Plank, the youngest son of Isaac and Sally Ann Plank, was bom 
 in Brookfield township, Tioga county, June 19, 1847, and was reared and educated 
 in his native township. After attaining his majority, he engaged in farming until 
 1883, when he removed to Westfield borough and embarked in the sash and blind 
 manufacturing business, as a member of the firm of E. Krusen & Company, which 
 he continued for two years. He then became a drover and stock dealer, which he 
 followed five years. In 1891 he carried on a meat market in Westfield, and has 
 since been engaged in various pursuits. Mr. Plank was married in 1871, to Jean E. 
 McCoy, a daughter of Hiram and Appia (Coffin) McCoy, of Brookfield township, 
 and has one daughter, Hattie. Politically, he is an earnest Eepubliean, and is a 
 member of the Iv. of H. 
 
 Feank P"]beele was bom in Bavaria, Germany, April 28, 1843, a son of Joseph 
 and Fanny (Schalkohn) Eberle. The Eberle family were tanners for many gen- 
 erations, while his mother came from an old and wealthy family of brewers. Frank 
 was reared and educated in his native land, and there served an apprenticeship of 
 three years at the tanners trade in his father's tannery and under his father's 
 instruction, and subsequently worked two years as a cun-ier. In 1866 he immi- 
 grated to Baltimore, Maryland, where he worked in his brother's tannery one 
 year, as a currier, and in 1867 he located in Westfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. 
 He continued working at his trade for six months and then purchased the old 
 tannery property of Ambrose Close, at that time almost completely run down. 
 With characteristic enterprise and energy, Mr. Eberle soon remodeled and equipped 
 the tannery with modem appliances and machinery, and gradually built up a suc- 
 cessful business, his product, upper leather and harness leather, finding a ready 
 market in the east, principally in New York City. Mr. Eberle's great energy was 
 manifested on many occasions. During the flood of 1889 he suffered a loss of over 
 $8,000, by the washing away of all his vats, bams and storehouses, but he imme- 
 diately rebuilt the plant, which is to-day one of the best appointed and equipped 
 tanneries in the State. On September 8, 1873, Mr. Eberle was married to Mary 
 H. Jeager, a daughter of Alouis and Crescence (Lang) Jeager, of Germania, Potter 
 county, to which union were bom four children, viz: Joseph F., who has charge 
 of the tannery; Frank and Fannie C, both deceased, and Cressie C. Mr. Eberle died 
 April 16, 1895, almost in the prime of life. In his death Westfield lost one of its 
 most substantial and useful citizens. In all that goes to make true manhood and 
 the higher success in life he was a shining example. A kind father and husband, 
 a good neighbor and a charitable man, he won and retained the respect of those 
 who knew him best. He was the moving spirit in the erection of the new Episcopal 
 church at Westfield and was an indefatigable worker in church affairs. He was 
 ever ready to assist the needy and lend a helping hand to those startling in life. In 
 polities, he was a Eepubliean, and was a member of the Knights of Honor. His 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 915 
 
 son, Joseph F., is following in his father's footsteps, having served an apprentice- 
 ship at the tanner's trade in all its branches, and has now the general supervision 
 of the business. 
 
 Geokge Bulkley, third son of Israel Bulkley, was born in what is now Osceola, 
 Tioga county, October 2, 1801. He was reared on the old homestead; was a natural 
 mechanic, and for some years carried on a general blacksmith and wagon shop. 
 He also owned ajid conducted a farm, and had a fine orchard in which he took much 
 pride, but his taste was for mechanical pursuits. About 1823 he married Laura 
 P. Whitaker. of Osceola, formerly of Eh ode Island, who became the mother of nine 
 children, seven of whom grew to maturity, viz: Olivia C, who married Julius 
 Seelye; Sarah F., who married Ira D. Hotchkiss; Lucy M., who married Augustus 
 Alba; Edwin B., Hannah, who married Jerome S. Warner; Julia, deceased, and 
 Ralph. In early life Mr. Bulkley was a Whig, but was a stanch Eepublican from 
 the organization of that party. He died January 17, 1867. 
 
 Edwin B. Bulkley, eldest son of George and Laura B. Bulkley, was born in 
 Osceola, Tioga county, June 2, 1835. He was reared on the old homestead; edu- 
 cated in the common schools and at Deerfield Academy, and began life as a farmer 
 upon the home place. On March 25, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Eighty- 
 sixth New York Volunteers, and was honorably discharged from the service October 
 18, 1862, because of disability through typhoid fever. In 1868 he located at West- 
 field, where he has since resided. Mr. Bulkley has been twice married. His first 
 wife was Delia H. Ellison, a daughter of Eichard and Jane (Hazlett) Ellison, of 
 ITelson, Tioga county, who bore him one son, Ira E. The latter married Maude 
 Williams. Mr. Bulkleys second marriage occurred March 30, 1864, to Malvina 
 Doud, a daughter of Harrison and Emily (Miller) Doud, of Lenoxville, Susque- 
 hanna county, Pennsylvania. She is the mother of three children, viz: Emily, 
 wife of James Streeter; George H., who married Eachel Strait, and Charles E. 
 Mrs. Bulkley's father, Harrison Doud, was a member of the Thirteenth Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry, and was a prisoner in Libby prison foiP some time. Her brother, 
 George H. Doud, also served three years and ten months in the late war. Mr. 
 Bulkley is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, while his wife is an 
 Episcopalian. He is one of the charter members of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. 
 & A. M., and is also a member of Babcock Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield. 
 In politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Lyman Hancock was born in Lebanon, Madison county. New York, in 1799, 
 removed to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1836, and settled in Clymer township. 
 He cleared a portion of a farm from the wilderness, and resided upon it until 1868, 
 when he removed to Westfield, where he died in 1882. His wife, Ehoda Ide, bore 
 him a family of seven children who grew to maturity, viz: Electa, who married 
 Freeman Wilcox; Sophronia, second wife of Freeman Wilcox; J. Warren, John, 
 Oliver, Lyman and William. 
 
 James Waeeen Hancock, eldest son of Lyman and Ehoda (Ide) Hancock, 
 was bom in Lebanon, Madison county. New York, July 5, 1830, and came to Tioga 
 county with his parents when six years of age. He was reared in Clymer town- 
 ship, and cleai'ed about sixty acres of the home farm before he was of age, his father 
 having been an invalid from the time our subject was thirteen years old, and never 
 
916 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 afterward able to work. He obtained a limited education in the common schools 
 of his neighborhood; learned the carpenter's trade, and has followed that business 
 since attaining his majority. He lived in Clymer township until 1870, in which 
 year he removed to Westfield, where he has since resided. In March, 1864, he 
 enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and paoiicipated in the battles oi Petersburg, Weldon Eailroad, and other minor 
 engagements, and was honorably discharged from the service in August, 1865. In 
 1851 Mr. Hancock married Clarissa, a daughter of Harry M. and Luna (Cobum) 
 Hill, of Clymer township, and has two children: Mary, wife of Lovel Plank, and 
 Clarence. In polities, he is an ardent Republicaji, and a member of Babcock Post, 
 No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield. He is also connected with Westfield Lodge. No. 
 477, F. & A. M., and Westfield Chapter, No. 365, E. A. M. 
 
 William Kizeb was born in Greenwich, Sussex county. New Jersey, March 
 7, 1808, and came from Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, to Farmington township, 
 Tioga county, in 1845. Here he cleared and improved a farm, on which he resided 
 until his death, in 1866. His wife was Susannah M. Stocker, a native of Easton, 
 Pennsylvania, whom he married in Wilkes-Barre, February 7, 1836. She bore 
 him a family of nine children, all of whom are living, viz: Morris, Delilah, wife 
 of Samuel Satterlee; Wairen H., William M., Frances A., wife of John J. Mascho; 
 John A., Mary A., wife of Charles Stansborough; Charles C. and Legrand E. 
 Mr. Kizer was a Eepubliean, and a stanch adherent of his party. 
 
 William Morgan Kizeb, third son of William and SusannahM. Kizer, was bom 
 in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1843, and was reared in Farmington 
 township, Tioga county, from the age of three years. He attended the common 
 schools of his neighborhood, and was engaged in farming, and later in butchering, 
 in Westfield and Wellsboro. Since 1869 he has been a resident of Westfield, where 
 he followed farming and merchandising until he finally retired from active busi- 
 ness. On May 6, 1862, he enlisted in Company L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 and participated in most of the battles of the Army of the Potomac, including 
 Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and the Wilderness. He received a bayonet woimd 
 at Eeam's Station, August 31, 1864; was taken prisoner, and confined in Libby, 
 Danville and Salisbury prisons until March, 1865. He was then paroled, and was 
 honorably discharged from the service May 30, 1865. Mr. Kizer was married April 
 1, 1866, to Nettie Tubbs, a daughter of Samuel and Mary E. (Lewis) Tubbs, of 
 Brookfield township, Tioga county, and has one son, Samuel T., who married 
 Bertha Pritchard, of Westfield. Mr. Kizer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and his wife of the Universalist church. In polities, he is a EepubUcan, 
 and is connected with the G. A. E., and the P. of H. 
 
 Joseph P. Simmons was born at Italy Hill, Yates county New York, February 
 13, 1838, a son of Peter and Sarah (Perry) Simmons. He was reared in West 
 Union, Steuben county. New York, attended the common schools during his boy- 
 hood, and commenced life as a farmer in West Union. In 1864 he embarked in 
 the mercantile business at Oswayo, Potter county, Pennsylvania, but after six 
 months removed to White's Comers, same county, and engaged in general mer- 
 chandising and farming for eight years. In 1873 he located at Westfield, Tioga 
 county, where he has since continued the mercantile business. His wife was Lucy 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 917 
 
 M. Mosher, a daughter of Lola Mosher, of Big Flats, Chemung county, New York, 
 to whom have been born two sons: George H. and Arthur "W. Mr. Simmons is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and the E. A. U., and in politics, he is 
 a supporter of the Eepublican party. 
 
 George H. Simmons, eldest son of Joseph P. Simmons, was born in Coming, 
 Steuben county. New York, September 2, 1857. He was reared in New York and 
 Pennsylvania, and was educated in the common schools and at Alfred UniTersity. 
 He came to Westfield with his parents in 1873, and in 1879 embarked in the livery 
 business, which he has since continued. He was married September 11, 1878, to 
 Fannie L. Packard, a daughter of Peter M. Packard, of Oxford, New York. Mr. 
 Simmons is a member of the F. & A. M., and the K. 0. T. M. He is a stanch Ee- 
 publican, and has served seven consecutive years as constable of "Westfield borough. 
 
 William H. Paesons was born in what is now Gallatin, Columbia county, 
 New York, July 4, 1827, and is a son of Joshua and Maria (Miller) Parsons, who 
 were of Scotch and Holland Dutch descent. He was reared in his native county, 
 receivd a limited education in the common schools, and served five j^ears' apprentice- 
 ship at the tailor's trade at Hudson, New York. After working as a journeyman 
 three years in Hudson, he removed in 1850 to Lanesboro, Susquehanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he carried on business for himself thirteen years. He was 
 afterwards located in business at TJnadilla, Gilbertville and Stamford, New York, 
 and ia 1872 settled in "Westfield, Tioga county, where he has since conducted a 
 merchant tailoring business. Mr. Parsons has been twice married. His first wife 
 was Elizabeth Baker, a daughter of Lewis Baker, of Lanesboro, Pennsylvania, 
 who became the mother of three children: George A., William H., and Frank 
 P. His second wife was Antoinette Flint, a daughter of Henry Flint, of 
 Unadilla, New York, to which union has been bom six children, namely: 
 Alice, Lester, Edwin, Anna B., Vanness and Charles J. His wife and family are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Parsons is a Eepublican, and 
 has held various offices in Westfield, having served nine successive years as school 
 director, and is now serving his sixteenth year as justice of the peace. 
 
 Chkistophee Satles was bom in Burrellsville, Ehode Island, January 18, 
 1791, a son of Christopher and Martha (Brown) Sayles. He was of the fourth genera- 
 tion from John Sayles, who came to America from England in the Seventeenth 
 century, and a great-grandson of Eoger Williams. He was reared in his native 
 town, and spent three years in "Vermont, where he learned the blacksmith's trade. 
 In March, 1825, he removed with his family to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, settling 
 in Delmar township, where he followed his trade until 1828. He then purchased 
 a farm on Jemison creek, in Westfield township, and conducted a farm in connection 
 with his trade until 1856, when he removed to a farm near the village of West- 
 field. In 1863 he went to Wellsville, New York, where he lived for eighteen years. 
 Eetuming to Westfield township in 1881, he made his home with his daughter, 
 Mrs. Keziah Bateheller, until his death, July 10, 1884, in his ninety-fourth year. 
 His wife, Sarah, was a daughter of James and Eoby (Howland) King, of Ehode 
 Island, and a descendant of John Howland and Govemor Winston, of Massachu- 
 setts, who came over in the Mayflower in 1620. She bore him a family of eight 
 children, who grew to maturity, viz: Ira, Eoby, who married Henry Crandall; 
 
918 HISTOET or TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 James, Loren, Martha, who married Joseph Pickett; Philander, Keziah, who mar- 
 ried Harrison Bateheller, and Adriel K. Mr. Sayles is one of the well remembered 
 pioneers of the community. 
 
 Adeiel K. Sayles, youngest son of Christopher and Sarah Sayles, was born 
 in Westfield township, Tioga county, December 9, 1832. He was reared in his 
 native township, learned the blacksmith's trade with his brother James and others, 
 and afterwards followed that business for twelve years as a journeyman. He served 
 in the Eebellion three years, as a sergeant of Company A, of the famous Bucktail 
 regiment, enlisting in 1861 and being honorably discharged in 1864. Mr. Sayles 
 was woimded at Spottsylvania Court House, and participated in nearly every battle 
 in which his regiment was engaged during his term of service. In 1865 he estab- 
 lished a blacksmith shop at Edgcomb, and for more than twenty years he has carried 
 on the same business at Westfield, doing the leading business in his line in the bor- 
 ough. In 1862 he married Martha Bennett, a daughter of John and Betsy (ShoufE) 
 Beimett, of Elkland, and has two sons: Edmund K., and Elmer T. Mr. Sayles is 
 a stanch Eepublican, is a member of Babcock Post, Ko. 358, G. A. E., and is con- 
 nected with Westfield Lodge, JSTo. 477, and Westfield Chapter, No. 365, P. & A. M. 
 
 Aethtje L. Bottum, M. D., was born in what is now Nelson township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, April 19, 1847, and is a son of Walter C. and Content (Culver) 
 Bottum. His father was born in Connecticut in 1805, was a son of Clark and 
 Hannah (Clark) Bottum, and came to Tioga county in 1839, his parents coming 
 later and settling in Nelson township. Walter C. was extensively engaged in the 
 lumber business for upwards of thirty years, and during this period he erected 
 three saw-mills in the Cowanesque valley. He also cleared and improved a farm 
 in Nelson township, upon which he resided until 1861, when he removed to Wood- 
 hull, Steuben county. New York. In 1886 he returned to Tioga county, and made 
 his home with his son in Westfield until his death, which occurred in 1890, in the 
 eighty-fifth year of his age. His wife was a daughter of Amasa Culver, a native of 
 New England and a suiweyor by profession. Her father was one of the pioneers 
 of Tioga county, and owned at one time a portion of the land now embraced in 
 Wellsboro. Mrs. Content Bottum, mother of our subject, was bom in what is now 
 Nelson township, Tioga county, in 1810, and was one of six pupils which formed 
 the first private school in that section of the county. She was the mother of six 
 children, as follows: Dorothea, Sarah, who married Samuel Hazlett; Hannah, who 
 married Lester Dorrance; Cornelia, who married T. A. Patterson; Clark, and 
 Arthur L. The last mentioned was reared in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and 
 Steuben county. New York, and received an academical education at the Knoxville 
 and Woodhull Academies. In 1871 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Wil- 
 liam T. Humphrey, of Osceola, Tioga county, later took a course of lectures at the 
 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and was graduated from the Detroit Medical 
 College, Detroit, Michigan, in 1875. In the spring of that year he located at West- 
 field, where he continued to practice for nine years. He then went to Europe 
 and took a special course at the Eoyal Imperial Hospital of Vienna, whence 
 he returned to Westfield to continue his professional duties. Dr. Bottum has 
 built up an extensive and lucrative practice, and is recognized as one of the 
 leading physicians of his native county. In 1891 he established a private hospital 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 919 
 
 in Westfield, for special diseases of women and surgery, which has proven a success- 
 ful venture. On April 13, 1876, Dr. Bottum was married to Lettia, daughter of 
 David and Isabel (Tate) Webber, of Westiield, and has two children: Charles N., 
 and Content A. The Doctor was a member of the old Tioga County Medical Society 
 during its existence, and in June, 1896, he was elected president of the present 
 society. He is a member of the State Medical Society, and has always taken a deep 
 interest in the groiwth and progress of medical science. He is an ardent supporter 
 of the Eepublican party, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. P., the K. of H., and the 
 K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Joseph Fhbdeeick Etjgaber was bom at Hazleton, Luzerne county, Penn- 
 sylvania, June 16, 1855, a son of Christian Z. and Mary Gr. (Pfiuger) Rugaber, natives 
 of Wurtemburg, Germany. His father came to Pennsylvania in 1853, and located 
 at Hazleton, removing in 1857 to Germania, Potter county, where he cleared a farm 
 from the wilderness. He was one of the pioneers of that section and took an active 
 part in building the first public highways in his vicinity. He served in the Re- 
 bellion one year, as a member of Company D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. He was 
 the father of ten children, as follows: C. Henry, J. Frederick, Minnie, who married 
 C. N. Rawson; Christian G., Sophia B., who married Cyrus Quick; Pauline C, who 
 married Fred Hagemann; George "W., Gottlieben D., who married John McKay; 
 John, and Mary M., wife of Fred Daggett. Mr. Rugaber died in 1885. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was reared on the homestead in Germania, Potter county, and 
 graduated from the Wellsboro Academy in 1873. In 1873 he entered on an appren- 
 ticeship to the shoemaker's trade, and served three years. In 1876 he engaged in 
 the shoe business at Westfield, as a member of the firm of ISTorthrup & Rugaber, 
 which partnership existed until 1881. In that year he purchased the plant of the 
 Free Press, at Westfield, which he canied on successfully for ten years, enlarging 
 the subscription list from 300 to 1,000 in a short time, and changing the sheet from 
 a four to an eight-page paper. He sold the plant in 1891, and has since conducted 
 a job printing office in Westfield. Since 1893 he has also been proprietor of a variety 
 store. In 1883 he married Sophia Baur, a daughter of John J. and Amelia Baur, 
 of Elmira, New York. They have four children: Charles F., Emma, Arthur and 
 Walter. Mr. Rugaber is a member of the Lutheran church; is a Republican in 
 politics, and is connected with Jemison Lodge, I. 0. 0. P., of Westfield, Westfield 
 Encampment, Canton Keystone of Wellsboro, the P. & A. M. and the K. 0. T. M, 
 
 Edwaed M. Tttckee, president of the Farmers and Traders Bank, of Westfield, 
 was born in Tr'oupsburg, Steuben county. New York, February 31, 1839, a son of 
 John and Lydia (Farwell) Tucker. His paternal grandparents, Daniel and Sally 
 J. (Mackenzie) Tucker, were of Scotch ancestry, and were among the pioneers of 
 Chenango county, New York, where they eleai-ed a farm from the primitive forest 
 which is still in the possession of their descendants. Dajiiel Tucker was the yoimg- 
 est of several brothers who served in the Revolution, two of whom died in the ser- 
 vice. The maternal grandparents of our subject, Abram M. and Lydia (Jackson) 
 Farwell, were of Puritan stock. His father, John Tucker, was bom in Chenango 
 county. New York, May 8, 1797, and removed to Steuben county in 1837, where 
 he engaged in lumbering. He afterwards followed agricultural pursuits and cleared 
 
920 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a farm which is still owned by the family. He was the father of eight children, 
 five of whom grew to maturity and are now living, as follows: EdAvard M., Jeannette, 
 wife of L. A. Williams; Daniel A., Catherine S., wife of Oscar P. Spencer, and 
 Naomi. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead in Steuben 
 county, New York, was educated in the common schools and Oxford Academy, 
 and commenced life as a farmer in his native county, where he resided until 1871. 
 In that year he came to I'ioga county, Pennsylvania, and in 1872 embarked in 
 merchandising at Little Marsh, in which he continued until 1877, when he removed 
 to Westfield. Here he followed the mercantile business in connection with the pur- 
 chase of tan bark for the Osceola tannery until 1885, when he became the leading 
 spirit in establishing the Farmers and Traders Bank of Westfield, the only banking 
 house in the borough. It proved a successful business venture, and is recognized 
 as a solid, substantial institution. Mr. Tucker was married in 1863, to Esther M. 
 Perry, a daughter of Wooster and Maria (Lucas) Perry, of Woodhull, Steuben 
 county, New York. They are the parents of two children: Ema L., wife of W. E. 
 Westbrook, and Perry H. Politically, Mr. Tucker is a Eepublican, and is a member 
 of Ossea Lodge, No. 357, P. & A. M., of Wellsboro. He is a progressive and enter- 
 prising citizen, and has shown his public spirit in many ways since locating in 
 Westfield. 
 
 John Wesley Smith was bom in Wayne, Steuben county. New York, Pebruary 
 1 1, 1852, a son of Benjamin and Lydia J. Smith. His father was a native of England, 
 and came to the United States with his parents in childhood. He was reared in 
 Steuben county. New York, learned the carriage maker's trade, and carried on a 
 shop of his own. He married Lydia J. Smith, a native of Orange county. New 
 York, where her parents were pioneers. Three children were born to this union, 
 viz: John Wesley, George S., deceased, and Carrie, wife of Edward Kniskem, of 
 Elmira. In religion, Mr. Smith was a Methodist, and both he and his wife took 
 a deep interest in church affairs. He died Pebruary 23, 1890, aged seventy-two 
 years. His widow resides in Wayne, New York. The subject of this sketch was 
 reared in his native place, was educated in the public schools, and began his busi- 
 ness life in 1876 as manager of Strock's Hotel, Woodhull, New York, where he 
 remained two years. In the spring of 1878 he came to Westfield, Tioga county, as 
 manager of the Westfield House, and in November of the same year purchased the 
 hotel, which he has successfully conducted up to the present time. Mr. Smith was 
 married September 3,1876 , to Maria "VanGorden, a daughter of J. D. VanGorden, 
 of Barrington, New York. One daughter, Inez, was born to this union, but died 
 in infancy. Mr. Smith is a member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A, M.; 
 also of Westfield Chapter, No. 263, and Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 38, of Wells- 
 boro. Politically, he is a Democrat, and is recognized as one of the progressive 
 citizens of Westfield. 
 
 Henry Pick was born in Prussia, Germany, March 30, 1847, a son of Prederick 
 and Mary (Wilson) Eick, who came to America in 1868 and located in Hancock, 
 Sullivan county. New York. In 1877 they removed to Westfield, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, where they spent the remaining years of their lives. They had a 
 family of five children, viz: Henry, Mary, wife of Hugh McNellen; Eicka, deceased; 
 Minnie, wife of Henry Eoner, and Betty, wife of John Weeks. The subject of this 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 921 
 
 sketch was reared in his native land, remaining there until 1873, and then immi- 
 grated to Sullivan county, New York, where he worked in a tannery three years. 
 In 1875 he located at Westfield, Tioga county, where he has since been in the 
 employ of the Cowanesque tannery, and has held the position of foreman since 
 1880. Mr. Eick married Augusta Taggie, a daughter of John and Dora Taggie, 
 of Germany. Ten children have been born to this union, viz: Charles, Fred., Otto, 
 deceased; Frank, Willie, deceased; Eoland, Mary, deceased; Eddie, Johnnie and 
 Essie. Mr. Eick is a member of the Lutheran church; is a Eetpublieaji, in politics, 
 and is connected with the K. of H., and the E. A. U. societies. 
 
 Claek Kimball was born at Weare, New Hampshire, April 31, 1803, a son 
 of Jonathan and grandson of Jonathan Kimball, both natives of Massachusetts. 
 In 1835 he removed to Woodstock, New York, and in 1835 settled in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in the mercantile business for many 
 years, and also in farming in what is now Osceola borough. He was twice married. 
 His first wife was Clarissa Cilley, of Woodstock, New York, who bore him four 
 children, one of whom survives, Laverne L. His second marriage occurred in May, 
 1841, to Hannah, a daughter of Clark W. Whittemore, of Lyndeborough, New 
 Hampshire, and grand-daughter of Jonathan Whittemore, a son of Daniel Whitte- 
 more. She bore him six children, three of whom survive, viz: Orville S., Alvin C, 
 and Ida H. Although not a member of any religious denomination, he was a 
 hberal supporter of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, he was for many 
 years a Eepublican, but in later life he was a stanch Prohibitionist. 
 
 Alvin C. Kimball, son of Clark and Hannah Kimball, was born in what is 
 now Osceola borough, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1846, was reared on 
 the homestead farm, and educated in the Osceola High School. He began teaching 
 At the age of seventeen, and followed that vocation, ofE and on in Tioga county, 
 and later in Wellsville, Missouri, for a number of years. In 1868 he removed to 
 Wellsville, where he owned a prairie farm, which he cultivated up to 1876, when 
 he returned to Tioga county and lived on the old homestead at Osceola until 1881, 
 since which time he has been a resident of Westfield. From 1880 to 1890 he was 
 engaged in the portrait and view business in various sections of the country. On 
 January 1, 1890, he purchased the plant of the Free Press, at Westfield, which paper 
 he has since made one of the brightest and newsiest papers in the county. Mr. 
 Kimball was married October 5, 1867, to Lucy L., a daughter of Orrin P. and Sarah 
 N. (Morse) Eice, of Farmington township, Tioga county. They are the parents of 
 two living children: Claude C. and Orrin E. Mr. Kimball and wife are members of 
 the TJniversalist church of Westfield. He is connected with the F. & A. M. and the 
 I. 0. 0. F. of Westfield. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist, and has served in the 
 borough council of Westfield for three years. 
 
 Oeville S. Kimball, son of Clark and Hannah (Whittemore) Kimball, was 
 bom in Osceola, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1843. In 1847 his parents 
 moved to the farm, where he practically resided until 1893. In February, 1863, he 
 enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Third New York Volunteers, for three 
 years or during the war. The regiment was a few days later ordered to Wash- 
 ington, D. C, thence to Annapolis, Maryland, and embarked on the United States 
 steamer Errieson. After a stormy voyage of five days it was landed at Hatteras 
 
922 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Inlet, North Carolina, and the following day, April 1st, proceeded by a river 
 steamer to New Berne. Mr. Kimball's company was on outpost duty at Evans' 
 Mills, seven miles from New Berne, until April 20, 1863, and was then detached 
 with two other companies and sent to Hatteras Island for guard duty. Corporal 
 Kimball, with a detachment of twenty men, was sent to Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, 
 as guard. September 1st, they received orders and joined the regiment on the 
 29th, at Antietam Creek, Maryland, and marched with the Army of the Potomac 
 to Fredericksburg, Virginia. The army crossed the Eappahannock on December 
 13, charged Marye's Heights on the 14th and recrossed the river on the 15th. In 
 February, 1863, the regiment came to Newport News, and a month later to Suffolk, 
 Virginia, where it was during the siege of that place, which ended in a hard fought 
 battle, May 3, 1863, in which the regiment sustained heavy loss. It was near 
 Portsmouth, Virginia, May 27, 1863; Yorktown, June 22; White House Landing, 
 July 1; Taylor's Farm and Hanover Jimction, July 4, and destroyed the railroad, 
 cutting off Lee's communication with Richmond; returned to Portsmouth, July 
 13, and landed at Folly Island, South Carolina, August 2, 1863. Mr. Kimball 
 re-enlisted in the field, in same company and regiment, at Folly Island, in February, 
 1864. He was at James Island, South Carolina, from July 2nd to the 10th, 1864, 
 and while commanding a skirmish line, his boot sole was shot away by a grape shot. 
 He was at Washington, D. C, in August, and later in the Shenandoah Valley until 
 December, 1864. He was at Bermuda Front from January until April, 1865. 
 After the close of hostilities, he was on detached service at Petersburg, and Surry 
 Court House, Virginia, in the subsistence department, until mustered out, De- 
 cember 16, 1865. He was promoted to sergeant in September, 1862, and to orderly 
 sergeant in December, following. On October 24, 1866, he married Mary L., a 
 daughter of Charles D. and Lucretia (Weeks) Cameron, of Osceola, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and went to housekeeping on the old homestead farm. Three chil- 
 dren have been born to this union: Ernest Harlan, Ida Grace, and Bessie May. In 
 1880 he was commissioned a Justice of the peace, and held the office for ten con- 
 secutive years. He is a charter member of Capt. A. J. Sofield Post, G. A. E., of 
 Osceola, of which he was commander four successive terms, quartermaster one 
 term, and adjutant eight terms. In March, 1891, Mr. Kimball accepted a position' 
 with the Free Press, of Westfield, with which paper he was editorially connected 
 for nearly five years. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, also of 
 the F. & A. M., and he and family are members of the Grange and the K. 0. T. M. 
 In politics, a Eepublican, he gives an earnest support to the principles of that party. 
 Eenest Haelan Kimball, only son of Orville S. and Mary L. Kimball, was 
 bom at Osceola, Tioga county, March 22, 1868. In early life he showed an aptitude 
 for photography, and has always been identified with that business, which he has 
 prosecuted quite successfully at Elkland, Tioga county, also in Kentucky, Indiana, 
 and different counties of Pennsylvania, as well as at Camden, New Jersey, and 
 other places. In January, 1894, he located permanently at Westfield, where he 
 has established a fine studio and has built up a successful business. Mr. Kimball 
 was married April 23, 1891, to Miss May L. Davies, of Westfield, to which union has 
 been bom a son, Harlan D. In politics, he is a Republican, and is also a member 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 923 
 
 of Westfield Tent, No. 155, K. 0. T. M., and a charter member of Fleetfoot Tribe, 
 No. 366, 1. 0. E. M., of Westfield. 
 
 Wilson Davis, eldest son of Jared and Parmelia DaTis, early settlers of Clymer 
 township, was born in Cortland county. New York, and came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, with his parents early in the century. He began his business career 
 as a lumberman on Pine creek, which business he continued for many years. He 
 later engaged in farming in Tioga and Potter counties, and died in the latter July 
 13, 1877, in his sixtieth year. His wife was Esther Pease, a daughter of Abram 
 and Cynthia (Bowen) Pease, of Westfield township, who bore him three children: 
 Frank M., Emmett, and Hattie, wife of Uri Lucas. Mr. Davis was a Democrat 
 in politics, and was a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Fhank M. Davis, eldest son of Wilson and Esther Davis, was bom in Clymer 
 township, Tioga county, August 14, 1853. He grew to maturity in Potter and 
 Tioga counties, attending the public schools during boyhood, and after attaining 
 his majority he followed lumbering for seven years, and for five years was a 
 farmer in Westfield. He was a clerk ten years at the Westfield House, in West- 
 field, and served one year in the same capacity at the Coles House, in Wellsboro. 
 In 1893 he embarked in the grocery and bakery business at Westfield, in which he 
 still continues. Mr. Davis was married June 10, 1883, to Ida Hoffman, of Clinton 
 county, Pennsylvania, and has three children, viz: John W., Perley, and Hazel. 
 In politics, Mr. Davis is a Democrat. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., of West- 
 field; Westfield Encampment, No. 272; Canton Keystone, No. 5, of Wellsboro; also 
 of the K. of P., and the K. of H., and is First Sachem of Fleetfoot Tribe, No. 366, 
 I. 0. E. M. 
 
 Elisha S. Hoeton was born in Spring Mills, Allegany county, New York, July 
 10, 1842, a son of Elias and Almira (Knox) Horton, and is descended from Puritan 
 ancestry. His ancestors on the paternal side, tradition says, came to America in 
 the Mayflower, in 1620. His father was a native of Wolcott, Connecticut, was a 
 millwright and carpenter, and settled in early manhood in the Cowanesque valley. 
 He married there and later located at Spring Mills, Allegany county, New York, 
 where he reared his family. In 1865 he returned to Tioga county, locating at 
 Lawrenceville, where he resided until his death, in 1882, at the age of seventy-nine 
 years. His wife was a daughter of William Knox, a pioneer of Tioga county, in 
 whose honor the borough of Knoxville was named. Eleven children were the 
 fruits of this union, viz: Alonzo B., Ira, Elias, William, Sarah, who married 
 Christopher Prutsman; Elisha S., John C.,Myra, who married J. C. Doane; 
 Chauncey, Emily and Mary. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood at Spring 
 Mills, New York, and received his education in the public schools and at Ulysses 
 Academy. On August 25, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-sixth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and was promoted to second sergeant in 1864. He served in the 
 battles of Winchester, and Chancellorsville, and was with Sherman on his celebrated 
 March to the Sea. He was taken prisoner twice, first at Winchester, where he 
 spent two months doing hospital duty, and was then exchanged. He was again 
 taken prisoner at Chancellorsville, and after spending two months in Libby, Castle 
 Thunder and Belle Island prisons, was paroled and sent to Annapolis, Maryland, 
 where he was exchanged. He rejoined his regiment at Dechard Station, Tennessee, 
 
924 HisTOBT or tioga county. 
 
 and was honorably discharged from the service at Washington, D. C, June 30, 1865. 
 He then located at Lawrenceville, Tioga county, and was engaged in farming two 
 years; next went to Blossburg and entered the hardware busiaess, which he fol- 
 lowed four years, and then embarked in the furniture and undertaking business, 
 in which he continued for the same period. He later engaged in general mer- 
 chandising for two years, when he was appointed administrator of his father-in- 
 law's estate. After settling it up he again engaged in farming, but in December, 
 1882, was appointed station and express agent at Westfield, for the Pall Brook Eail- 
 road Company, a position he still holds. Mr. Horton was married in 1872, to Kate 
 Campbell, a daughter of William and Helen (Peaslee) Campbell, of Nelson, and has 
 four children: Prank G., Nellie C, Harry J. and Arthur E. In politics, Mr. Horton 
 is a Eepublican. He is a member of Babcock Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield, 
 and Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. M. 
 
 Asaph T. Kunkel, M. D., was bom ia Berks county, Pennsylvania, July 15, 
 
 1859, a son of Daniel S. and Catherine (Trexler) Kunkel. He was reared upon the 
 homestead farm, and after obtaining a common school education, he attended the 
 State Normal School at Kutztown, and Muhlenburg College, at AUentown, Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1880 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. L. Bottum, of 
 Westfield, Tioga county, and afterwards read under Dr. J. W. Chambers, of Balti- 
 more, Maryland. He was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 of the latter city in 1883, and at once located in practice at Westfield, Tioga county, 
 where he has since prosecuted the duties of his profession. On September 25, 1884, 
 he married Dollie Parker, a daughter of Isaac P. and Euth (Kelley) Parker, of 
 Brookfield, Pennsylvania. Two children have been born to this union: Euth and 
 Kate. Dr. Kunkel is a member of the Hornellsville Medical Society, Steuben 
 county. New York, and the Tioga County Medical Society. He is a member of 
 Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. M.; Jemison Lodge, No. 332, I. 0. 0. P., of 
 Westfield, and Westfield Encampment. 
 
 John E. Dengle was bom in Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, October 28, 
 
 1860, a son of John and Mary (Blinn) Dengle, both natives of Germany. His father 
 came to the United States about 1850, and located in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, but 
 removed to Wellsboro prior to 1860, where he still resides. Por some years he was 
 engaged in farming in Delmar township. His children were John E., Louisa, wife 
 of Herbert Severson; Samuel L., and Anna, wife of William P. Jordan. Our subject 
 was reared in Wellsboro, and was educated in the public schools. In 1877 he entered 
 the employ of White Brothers, grocers, of Wellsboro, in whose services he remained 
 imtil the fall of 1883. He then removed to Gaines, where he was manager of the 
 store, warehouse and lumber business of Charles H. Eexford, until May, 1885, when 
 he located at Westfield, and has since been successfully engaged in the grocery and 
 crockery business. Mr. Dengle was married Pebmary 21, 1883, to Elizabeth U. 
 Eexford, a daughter of Charles H. and Alwilda (Vermilyea) Eexford, of Gaines, 
 and grand-daughter of Horace Vermilyea, one of the first settlers of that section 
 of the county. One daughter, Alwilda M., was bom to this union. Mr. Dengle is 
 a member of Jemison Lodge, No. 232, 1. 0. 0. P., of Westfield; Westfield Encamp- 
 ment, No. 272, and Canton Keystone, No. 5, of Wellsboro; the Grand Lodge of 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 925 
 
 Pennsylvania, and of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M. In politics, he is a 
 stanch Democrat, and was elected burgess of Westfield in February, 1897. 
 
 John C. Edgcomb, conductor on the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad, was 
 bom in Westfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, September 36, 1865, a 
 son of Orson and Almira (Tremain) Edgcomb. His paternal grandfather, Samuel 
 Edgcomb, came from Broome county. New York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 at an early day; was a cooper by trade, and one of the pioneers of the Cowanesque 
 valley. His maternal grandfather, John M. Tremain, was one of the pioneers of 
 Tioga county, as was also his maternal great-grandfather, Lyman Tremain, both 
 of whom have sketches in this chapter. Orson Edgcomb was engaged in lumbering 
 in early manhood, and was later a farmer and hotel-keeper at Cowanesque. His 
 children were as follows: Hester A., wife of George Daugherty; John C, and 
 Charles W. Our subject was reared in Westfield township, and obtained his edu- 
 cation in the public schools. He then became an employe of a sash and blind 
 factory at Cowanesque, where he worked for three years. In 1884 he entered the 
 employ of the Addison and Pennsylvania Eaikoad Company, as a brakeman, and in 
 the fall of 1891 was promoted to passenger conductor, a position he still holds. Mr. 
 Edgcomb was married April 34, 1889, to Kittle Melvin, a daughter of Edward and 
 Catherine (Loftus) Melvin, of Gouldsboro, Pennsylvania, and has one daughter, 
 Faye A. 
 
 John Eieppel was born in Hopfau, Bavaria, Germany, June 8, 1837, a son of 
 Albert and Theresa (Schrembs) Eieppel, who came to the United States in 1873 
 and located in Eenovo, Pennsylvania. His mother died there, and is buried in 
 North Bend Cemetery. His father was an iron worker, and was employed by the 
 Pennsylvania Eailroad Company for several years. After eleven years' residence 
 in Eenovo, he returned to Germany, and died there in 1889, aged seventy-nine 
 years. Our subject was reared in Bavaria, Germany, and was educated in the 
 Industrial and Polytechnic School, and by profession is a mechanical engineer. For 
 seven years he was connected with his father in the machinery and foundry business 
 in Germany. In 1871 he immigrated to Pennsylvania, and entered the employ of 
 the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company at Eenovo, where he worked as a machinist for 
 twelve years. In 1883 he removed to Gaines, Tioga county, and carried on a ma- 
 chine shop four years, when he was burned out, and then located in Westfield town- 
 ship, establishing his present foundry and machine shop, which he has since success- 
 fully conducted. In 1871 he married Anna KoUer, a daughter of Christopher 
 KoUer, of Eenovo. They are the parents of five children, viz: George, Maggie, 
 Martin, Emma and John. Mr. Eieppel is a member of Eenovo Lodge, No. 495, 
 P. & A. M., and in politics, he is independent. 
 
 NiMEOD Stott, senior member of the firm of Nimrod Stott & Sons, was bom 
 in Yorkshire, England, May 8, 1836, and is a son of Hartley and Nannie (Peal) Stott. 
 He was reared in his native land, and at the age of eight years began working in a 
 stone quarry, at which he served a thorough apprenticeship in all its branches, 
 and has followed the business for over half a century. In 1891 he came to the 
 United States, and located at Westfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and in part- 
 nership with his sons, George, Harry and Nimrod, purchased the stone quarry 
 at that place. They have since so successfully developed and operated it, that it 
 now produces the finest grade of stone for building and flagging purposes. Their 
 
926 HisTOEY or tioga county. 
 
 product finds a ready market in Westfield and nearby towns, while large shipments 
 are also occasionally made to Elmira, Kew York. The handsome new Episcopal 
 church at Westfield is constructed of stone from this quarry, and it has heen used 
 in many other buildings in Westfield, while all the stone sidewalks in the borough 
 have been taken from this quarry. The business has become one of the leading 
 industries of the borough. Mr. Stott was married in England, to Maria Jewett, a 
 daughter of John Jewett, of England, and has four living children, viz: George, 
 Harry, Nimrod, and Lucy, wife of John Beach. The firm of Mmrod Stott & Som 
 is one of the prosperous and substantial ones of Westfield. 
 
 John N". Mead was bom in New Jersey, in 1810, and in early manhood Uved 
 in Ludlow ville, New York, where he was engaged in contracting and in the car- 
 riage and foundry business. In 1857 he came to Tioga county and settled on a 
 farm in Chatham township, where he was engaged in farming until his death, AprU 
 1, 1872. He was a son of Eobert and Kebecca (Nichols) Mead. His first wife, 
 Sarah, was a daughter of William Brown, of Tompkins county. New York, and had 
 two children: William B. and Emily C. His second wife was Maria H. Newton, 
 of the same county, who became the mother of seven children, viz: John N., Celia 
 A., wife of Egbert Woodcock; Sarah L., wife of Horatio Chisholm; Marian A., 
 Maria B., wife of Homer Hawley; Ada E., wife of Alfred Short, and Ward. Mr. 
 Mead was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in polities, an adherent 
 of the Eepublican party. 
 
 William B. Mead, only son of John N. and Sarah (Brown) Mead, was bom 
 in Ludlowville, Tompkins county. New York, April 11, 1839, and was eighteen years 
 old when his parents removed to Chatham township, Tioga county. He attended the 
 common schools, and also Union Academy, at Academy Comers, and in 1862 be- 
 ' came an apprentice in a sash and blind factory, which business he has since followed. 
 He has been a member of the firm of Plank, Krusen & Company, of Westfield, since 
 1893.. Mr. Mead was married in 1867, to Viola, a daughter of Hiram and Cynthia 
 L. (Thompson) Freeborn, of Knoxville. His second wife was Eva M. Benedict, a 
 daughter of Dr. Elisha and Emily (Eyon) Benedict, of Elkland. They have had 
 two children, only one of whom, Harry, is now living. Mr. Mead is a member of 
 the Presbyterian church, and also of the K. of H. In politics, he is a Eepublican, 
 and during his residence in Elkland he was a Justice of the peace for two years. 
 
 E. J. Neal, proprietor of livery stables, was born in Ulysses, Potter county, 
 Pennsylvania, January 22, 1870, a son of John W. and Mary J. (Bailey) Neal. He 
 was reared in his native county, and obtained a common school education. On 
 attaining his majority, he engaged in the grocery business at Mills, Potter county, 
 Pennsylvania, and in 1893, he located at Westfield, Tioga county, where he has 
 since been connected with the livery business. In June, 1893, he married Miss 
 Bertha Stone, of East Charleston, Tioga county. In politics, Mr. Neal is a Eepub- 
 lican. 
 
 Asa Hill, proprietor of the American House, Westfield, was bom in Ulster 
 county. New York, July 9, 1856, a son of John and Harriet (Bowers) Hill, and of 
 English descent. He was reared in his native county, where he attended the public 
 schools, and in 1879 removed to Laporte, Sullivan county, Pennsylvania, where he 
 was employed by the Laporte Tannery Company, for two years. In 1880 he located 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 927 
 
 at Coudersport, Potter county, where he worked one season in the lumber woods, 
 and after a varied business career, he started a restaurant and billiard hall at Gale- 
 ton, Potter county, in 1886, which he conducted seven years. In February, 1894, 
 as a member of the firm of Hill & Eohrbach, he purchased the American Hotel 
 property at Westfield, which has since been thoroughly remodeled and fitted up 
 vrith modern improvements, and under Mr. Hill's mangement has obtained a fine 
 reputation. He married Carrie Eohrbach, a daughter of John Eohrbach, of Ger- 
 mania, Pennsylvania, in April, 1887, and has one daughter. May. Mr. Hill is a 
 member of Galeton Lodge, No. 1014, I. 0. 0. P.; Westfield Encampment, N'o. 272, 
 and Canton Keystone, No. 5, of "Wellsboro. Politically, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 John Eohebach was bom in Sullivan county. New York, May 6, 1862, a son 
 of John and Catherine (Yagge) Eohrbach, both natives of Germany. In 1886 the 
 family located at Germania, Potter county, Pennsylvania, where the father, who 
 was a carpenter, died in 1889. He had a family of ten children, of whom six are 
 now living, viz: Kate, wife of Michael Kerry; Mrs. John Applalf, Lucy, Andrew, 
 John and Michael. Our subject was reared in Sullivan county. New York, and 
 came with his parents to Potter county, Pennsylvania, in 1886, where he worked as 
 a lumberman for six years. In February, 1894, in partnership with Asa Hill, he 
 purchased the American Hotel at Westfield, which they conducted together, under 
 the firm name of Hill & Eohrbach, until Mr. Eohrbach's removal to Addison, New 
 York, in 1895. He was married in 1884, to Libbie Abbel, of Germania, Potter 
 county. In politics, Mr. Eohrbach is a Democrat, and is a member of the A. 0. 
 U. W. 
 
 Gbokge 0. Manwabing was bom in Smyrna, Chenango county, New York, 
 March 10, 1863, a son of Daniel 0. and Helen A. (Wilber) Manwaring. The 
 family is of English descent, and of Puritan stock. Our subject was reared in his 
 native county, attended the common schools in early boyhood, and at the age of 
 eleven years began working by the month on a farm, in which -vocation he 
 continued nine years. He then went to Syracuse, New York, where he was engaged 
 in clerking for five years, and in 1888 came to Potter county, Pennsylvania. For 
 a short time he was employed as a book-keeper in a lumber office, and was en- 
 gaged in lumbering on his own account for one year. In 1892 he located at 
 Brookfield, Tioga county, where he conducted a general store, and also filled the 
 position of postmaster, up to April 1, 1894, when he removed to Westfield borough, 
 where he has since carried on one of the leading grocery stores of the town. Mr. 
 Manwaring was married November 11, 1891, to Lizzie M. Pedley, a daughter of 
 John and Martha (Malone) Pedley, of Baldwinsville, New York. In politics, he 
 is a Prohibitionist, and in religion, an adherent of the Baptist church. 
 
 John Yottmans, Se., was bom in New Jersey, May 12, 1811, and came in 
 boyhood with his parents to Chatham township, Tioga county. They were for- 
 merly from New Jersey, and were among the pioneers of this section of the county. 
 John was reared on the homestead farm in Chatham township, and later cleared 
 several farms, one in Covington, and one in Eiehmond, and also jobbed for others. 
 His wife, Sarah, was a daughter of Jacob A. I. Johnson, of Covington township, 
 and they were the parents of eight children, viz: Harriet, who married Harry 
 Cleveland; Miles, Martha, who married, Z. M. P. Baird; John, William, Alphonso 
 
928 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 J., Charlotte, wife of Edwin Kloek, and Adelaide, who married Contine Connelly. 
 Mr. Youmans died January 26, 1859. His wife died in the fall of 1863. 
 
 John Yotjmans, second son of John and Sarah Youmans^ was bom in Cov- 
 ington township, Tioga county, February 2, 1841. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Mansfield Classical Seminary, and began life as a teacher. He 
 taught for several terms, and was the first principal of the graded school at Coving- 
 ton. In the meantime he had engaged in farming, and in 1880 removed from 
 Covington to Chatham township, where he partially cleared and improved a farm. 
 In 1888 he located in Knoxville, and engaged in the sewing machine business as a 
 salesman for the Singer Manufacturing Company, removing to Westfield in April, 
 1894. He is now located in Athens, Bradford county, where he is general agent of 
 the Singer Company. Mr. Youmans was married February 15, 1863, to Elizabeth 
 Wallace, a daughter of Thomas and Isabel (Baird) "Wallace, of Hazleton, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has five children, viz: Lizzie B., wife of George Beach; Lottie, wife of 
 William H. Husted; Ella, wife of Fred J. Wood; Myron L., and Arthur. In poli- 
 tics, he is independent, has served as auditor of Tioga county one term, and is a 
 member of the K. of H. 
 
 Daniel Hunt, a native of Muncy, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, born in 
 1796, was a son of WilHam and Kancy (Colbom) Hunt, and a grandson of Wilson 
 Hunt, a native of Cheshire, England, who was driven from his native land because 
 of his religious opinions, and at an early day settled in Warren county, New 
 Jersey, whence he removed to Scipio, New York. The parents of our subject 
 immigrated to Muncy, Pennsylvania, and later removed to Lansing, New York, 
 where they died. His father, William Hunt, entered the Continental army at the 
 age of seventeen, and served during the last three years of the war. Daniel Hunt 
 was reared in Lansing, New York, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and in 1840 
 settled in Westfield township, Tioga county, on the farm now owned and occupied 
 by his son Barton, which, with the assistance of his sons, he cleared and improved. 
 There he resided until his death, December 14, 1862, in his sixty-seventh year. 
 His wife was Sarah Knapp, a daughter of Samuel Knapp, of Dryden, New York. 
 They were the parents of nine children, viz: Samuel, Barton, Ann, who married 
 John Brown; Isaac, who married Catharine Whitmarsh; Charity, who married 
 Dewey Whitmarsh; Harriet, wife of James Labar; Betsey, Preelove, and AdeUne, 
 wife of John Eowland. 
 
 Babton Hunt, second son of Daniel Hunt, was bom in Ithaca, New York, 
 November 13, 1824, was reared in Tompkins county until sixteen years of age, and 
 then removed with his parents to Westfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he assisted in clearing the old homestead, which he now owns and occupies, 
 and where he has resided since coming to this county. For twenty-two years he 
 followed lumbering, and was also a pilot for twenty years on Pine creek and the 
 Susquehanna river, from Gaines to Fort Deposit and Columbia. He is an adept 
 with the jack-knife, and has more than a local reputation for making anything 
 that can be whittled out with an ordinary pen-knife. Mr. Hunt was married No- 
 vember 13, 1859, to Anna Douglass, a daughter of William A. and Salina L. (Han- 
 cock) Douglass, of Clymer toT^Tiship, and has had four children: Ada, deceased; 
 Effie M., wife of Clawson McMindes; William Sherman, deceased, and Charle* B. 
 
7^A, A^ c^a^^^^ 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 929 
 
 In politics, Mr. Hunt is a Democrat, has held various local offices in his township, 
 is a good farmer and respected citizen. 
 
 John Whitmaesh was bom in Otsego county. New York, about 1810, there 
 grew to manliood, and in 1843 settled in Westfield township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, on the farm now occupied by Cornelius Bush. He cleared a portion of 
 it, and resided in this township until his death, at the age of sixty-three years. 
 He was twice married. His first wife, Catherine Hilsinger, of Oneonta, New York, 
 was a daughter of Michael Hilsinger, a Eevolutionary soldier. She bore him one 
 son, Alexander. His second wife was Eleanor Hilsinger, a sister of his first wife. 
 Seven children were born to this union, viz : Catherine, wife of Isaac Hunt; Dewey, 
 Jacob, Amelia, wife of Jonathan Weeks; Frances, wife of Oscar Butler; Lucinda, 
 wife of William Case, and Susan, who married Herbert Moore. 
 
 Dewet Whitmaesh, son of John and Eleanor Whitmarsh, was bom in 
 Oneonta, New York, March 13, 1833, and was ten years old when his parents set- 
 tled in Westfield township, Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, and obtained 
 a Hmited education in the common schools. At the age of nineteen he commenced 
 life for himself, as a farmer, and in 1866 located on fifty acres of land in Westfield 
 township, which he still occupies, all of which he cleared and improved. In 1851 
 he married Charity Hunt, a daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Knapp) Hunt, of West- 
 field, and is the father of six children, viz: William, Charles, Lavina, wife of Lewis 
 Breese; Alice, wife of Ered Beach; James, and Nettie, wife of Charles Eoe. In 
 February, 1864, Mr. Whitmarsh enlisted in Company F, Second Pennsylvania 
 Heavy Artillery, and participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, 
 North Anna, James Eiver, and Petersburg. He was wounded in the last mentioned 
 engagement, June 17, 1864, and was honorably discharged from the service in 
 February, 1866. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and is a member of the Gr. A. E. 
 
 Aaeon- L. S. Leach was bom in Niagara county. New York, August 6, 1813, a 
 son of Willard and Irene (Brown) Leach, natives of New Hampshire. He was 
 reared in his native State, where he served an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's 
 trade, which occupation he followed for some years in New York state, and fox a 
 short period after his permanent settlement in this county, in 1840. In later life he 
 engaged in farming in Westfield township, clearing a part of the land now owned 
 by James Vincent, and also followed various other occupations, including dealing 
 ia horses, hotel keeping, and for a short time was in the grocery business at West- 
 field. He was a tireless, energetic man, and changed his business as often as cir- 
 cumstances warranted. Mr. Leach was married March 8, 1843, to Mary P. Bennett, 
 a daughter of John W. and Betsey (Shoff) Bennett. She was bom in New Hamp- 
 shire, and became the mother of seven children, viz: James V., a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, who died in 1875, in his thirty-first year; Virgil V., deceased; Frank V., 
 George V., deceased; Eoss V., Mary V., deceased, and William V. Mr. Leach died 
 January 25, 1890, in his seventy-seventh year. 
 
 Eoss V. Leach, son of Aaron L. S. Leach, was bom in Westfield, Tioga county, 
 June 9, 1853, and obtained a public school education. He commenced life for 
 himself working on a farm by the month. In 1878, with his brother, Frank V., he 
 purchased 100 acres of land in Westfield township, and shortly afterwards bought 
 his brother's interest. He lived upon his farm until 1893, when he removed to 
 
 59 
 
930 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Westfield borough, which has since been his home. Mr. Leach was married 
 March 13, 1878, to Almeda Converse, a daughter of Frank and Adelia (Jones) Con- 
 verse, of Steuben county, New York. They are the parents of two children: Leon 
 V. and Mna V. In politics, Mr. Leach is a stanch Democrat. 
 
 Chaeles H. Metcalf was bom in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, in 1803, 
 a son of Daniel and Jedidah (Lacy) Metcalf, natives of Connecticut, and pioneers 
 of Susquehanna county. He was reared in that county, and there learned the 
 cooper's trade. In 1827 he settled in Harrison township. Potter county, where he 
 cleared a farm of 300 acres, upon which he resided until 1843. In that year he re- 
 moved to Westfield township, Tioga county, where he cleared a portion of a 100- 
 acre farm. In 1833 he married Sarah A. Potter, a daughter of Stephen and 
 Matilda (Aldrich) Potter, pioneers of Westfield township. Four children were bom 
 to this union, viz: Sarah M., wife of Peter Edgcomb; James H., Mary E., wife of 
 Charles A. Gilbert, and Stephen L. Mr. Metcalf was prominent in temperance 
 circles, and died July 39, 1878, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 James H. Metcalf, eldest son of Charles H. and Sarah A. Metcalf, was born 
 in Harrison township. Potter county, Pennsylvania, August 34, 1838, and was five 
 years old when his parents located in Westfield township, Tioga county. He ob- 
 tained his education in the public schools and at Union Academy, Academy Comers, 
 and later learned the mason's trade, which he followed seventeen years. On Au- 
 gust 13, 1863, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and was honorably discharged May 39, 1863. He re-enlisted 
 February 39, 1864, in Battery P, Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, and was 
 finally discharged from the service May 39, 1866. He participated in the battles 
 of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters- 
 burg, and other engagements. He entered the service as third sergeant, and was 
 promoted to first sergeant. During his second term he was commissary sergeant 
 of Battery I, Provisional Heavy Artillery, and for twenty months was on detached 
 service in the chief quartermaster's department of Appomattox, under Capt. C. W. 
 Folsom. Since 1868 Mr. Metcalf has been engaged in farming in Westfield town- 
 ship, and has also followed his trade when convenient. He was married February 
 4, 1864, to Philena Tanner, a daughter of A. B. and Dorcas M. (Koblyer) Tanner, of 
 Clymer township, and has three children: Minnie, Estella and Jennie. He mar- 
 ried a second time, in 1878, Mrs. Elizabeth Aldrich, nee Dodge, of Westfield. Her 
 parents, Israel and Sally (White) Dodge, came to Potter county as pioneers. Mr. 
 Metcalf is a member of Babcock Post, No. 358, 6. A. E., and also of the K. of H. 
 Politically, a Republican, he has served ten years as justice of the peace of West- 
 field township. 
 
 Nathan Bhoughton, a native of Delaware county. New York, was among the 
 pioneers of Tioga county, Pennsylvania. In 1817 he located on Pine creek, but 
 later removed to Delmar township, where his principal business was lumbering, 
 and he resided there until his death, at the ripe age of eighty-four years. His wife 
 was Sally Walker, and their children were as follows: Uriel, Henry, Horace, Maria, 
 who married Fred Boos; William, Eliza, who married Andrew Greiner; Eachel, 
 who married Hiram Campbell; Nathan and Everton. 
 
 Henry Beott6hton, second son of Nathan Broughton, was born in Delaware 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 931 
 
 county. New York, in 1812, and was about five years old when his parents settled 
 on Pine creek, in Tioga county. He was reared in Delmar township, and in early 
 life engaged in farming and in lumbering. In 1845 he settled in Westfield town- 
 ship, on the farm now owned by his son, William, cleared and improved it, and 
 died there at the age of seventy-two years. His wife was Parmelia Phillips, a 
 daughter of Eichard Phillips, of Westfield, who bore him a family of seven chil- 
 dren, viz: Sarah J., who married George Baker; William, Saloma, who married 
 Herman Seeley; Barzilla, Phillips, Uriel, and Flora, wife of Le Grand Mascho. 
 Mr. Broughton was an adherent of the Kepublican party, and in religion, a mem- 
 ber of the Christian church. 
 
 William Beoughton, eldest son of Henry Broughton, was born in Delmax 
 township, Tioga county, March 27, 1840. When he was five years old his parents 
 removed to Westfield, where he has since resided, now owning the old homestead 
 farm. In 1862 he married Nancy Guile, a daughter of Herrick and Jane (Butler) 
 Guile, of Otsego county. New York. Mr. Broughton is a Eepublican, in politics, 
 and one of the enterprising f axmers of the community in which he lives. 
 
 Petee B. Bush, son of John Bush, was bom August 4, 1819, in Orange county. 
 New York, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1843, locating at Knox- 
 ville, where he was engaged in the hotel business two years. He then removed to 
 Westfield, and continued the same business five years, conducting the Eed Lion 
 and Boardman Hotels. He later engaged in farming, bought and sold stock quite 
 extensively, and for four years operated a stage line between Westfield and Addison, 
 New York. Mr. Bush was twice married. His first wife was Mary Ann Linder- 
 man, a daughter of Cornelius Linderman, of Schuyler county. New York, who 
 bore him three children: Cornelius, Mary, wife of Abijah Stanley, and Harriet, 
 wife of Delos Ellis. His second wife was Sarah Miller, a daughter of Samuel and 
 Elizabeth (Strawn) Miller, of Chatham township, Tioga county. Four children 
 were born to this union, viz: John M., Samuel, who died February 27, 1896; Jacob, 
 and Edwin M. Mr. Bush died January 7, 1874. He was a member of the I. 0. 0. P., 
 and in politics, a stanch Eepublican. 
 
 CoENELius Bush, eldest child of Peter B. and Mary Ann (Linderman) Bush, 
 was bom in Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1844, and when 
 he was about two years old his parents located at Westfield, where he grew to ma- 
 turity. He then engaged in farming and lumbering, partially clearing the farm 
 in Westfield township on which he now resides, upon which he located in 1867. 
 In 1866 he married Lina L. Douglas, a daughter of William A. and Salina (Hancock) 
 Douglas, of Clymer township. They have had one son, Charles P., who died Octo- 
 ber 26, 1896. Mr. Bush is a Eepublican, in politics, and is one of the representative 
 farmers of Westfield township. 
 
 John Little was born in Woodhull, Steuben county. New York, May 12, 1834, 
 a son of William and Margaret (Sammis) Little, and came with his mother and 
 family to Westfield township, Tioga county, in 1847, where, with the assistance 
 of her sons, she cleared and improved what is now known as the Graham farm. 
 She married George Graham after locating in this county, and died upon the home- 
 stead in Westfield township. By her first husband, William Little, she was the 
 mother of nine children, viz: Susan, who married Luke Scott; Latham M., Jesse, 
 
932 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 John, William W., James, Emma, who married William D. Eedner; Edwin E., and 
 Mary A., wife of Onan Trowbridge. The subject of this sketch was reared in 
 Westfield township from the age of thirteen years, and obtained his education in 
 a pioneer frame school house. Since arriviag at manhood, he has devoted his at- 
 tention to farming, though sometimes engaged in jobbing as a lumberman. He 
 has cleared a portion of several farms in Westfield township, and has lived on his 
 present homestead since 1864. In August, 1863, Mr. Little enlisted in Company 
 D, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in 
 the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. After nine months' service he 
 was honorably discharged, having never been absent from duty or missed a day's 
 service during his term. On December 25, 1863, he married Eachel M. Aldrich, a 
 daughter of Halsey and Matilda (Works) Aldrich, of Westfield township, to which 
 union have been bom the foUovring children: William J., Jesse H., Halsey J., 
 and Walter D., and they have also an adopted daughter, Grace B. In politics, Mr. 
 Little is a Eepublican, has held various local offices, and is a member of Babcock 
 Post, Fo. 258, Q. A. E., of Westfield. . 
 
 Thomas Sphague settled in Westfield township, Tioga county, in 1849, where 
 he cleared and improved a farm, now owned by L. E. Garner. He was a native of 
 Colchester, Delaware county, New York, and resided on his farm in Westfield town- 
 ' ship until his death, which occurred at the age of seventy-six years. His wife was 
 Keziah Warren, who bore him a family of eleven children, viz: Page, Maria, who 
 married Arthur Tremain; Melissa, who married Fred. Thurber; Josephine, who 
 married Thomas Tremain; Hiram, Helen, who became the wife of John Burtross; 
 Henrietta, who married Hiram Burdic; Hannah, who married Albert Orson; 
 Arthur, Albert, and Mary, who became the wife of L. E. Garner. 
 
 HiEAM Speagtje, son of Thomas and Keziah Sprague, was bom in Colchester, 
 New York, May 18, 1834, and removed with his parents to Westfield township, 
 Tioga county, in 1849. Here he cleared and improved a farm of fifty-one acres upon 
 which he now resides. He married Mary K. Eice, a daughter of Sylvanus and 
 Harriet (Seeley) Eice, of Tioga, and has two children: Lewis and Eugene. In 
 politics, Mr. Sprague is a Eepublican. 
 
 Lewis Speague, eldest son of Hiram and Mary K. Sprague, was bom in West- 
 field township, Tioga county, October 3, 1862; attended the common schools of his 
 district, and is a farmer and miller by occupation. In politics, he is a Eepublican, 
 and is filling the offices of constable and collector of Westfield township. On 
 November 27, 1884, he married Alvira A. Cooper, a daughter of Erastus and Amanda 
 (Sedam) Cooper, of Westfield township, and has two children: Frank E. and 
 Harriet A. Mr. Sprague is a member of the K. 0. T. M. 
 
 WiLLETT Vincent was a native of Swaygo, Dutchess county. New York, bom 
 June 3, 1805, and a son of Gilbert and Eebecca (Justis) Vincent, and was of French, 
 English, German and Irish ancestry. He came to Westfield township, Tioga county, 
 in 1850, settling on the farm now occupied by his son, James T. He cleared a por- 
 tion of it, and there died in November, 1868. His wife was Maria Tompkins, a 
 daughter of Cornelius and Kate (Brown) Tompkins, of Schenectady county. New 
 York. They were the parents of twelve children, ten of whom grew to maturity, viz: 
 Katie, who married James Southall, of Alabama; James T., Horace G., who died 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 933 
 
 in 1864, from disease oonti"aeted in the axmy, and who was buried in Greenwood, 
 Long Island j Phoebe, deceased; George, who was killed by a falling tree, in 1859; 
 Dow, deceased; Mary, wife of William E. McFall; Mercy, wife of Mulford Labax; 
 Harriet, wife of Orlando Tarbox, and Gilbert G. Mr. Vincent was a member of the 
 Baptist church, and in politics, an adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 James T. Vincent, son of Willett and Maria Vincent, was born in Broome 
 county, New York, December 36, 1830, was educated in his native county, and came 
 with his parents to Westfield township, Tioga county, in 1850. He has since resided 
 on the old homestead, settled by his father, most of which he has cleared, paid 
 for and improved. In politics, Mr. Vincent is an independent voter. 
 
 Isaac Thompson, a native of Connecticut, born in April, 1794, was a son of 
 Jared Thompson, and a grandson of Samuel Thompson, a pioneer of Tompkins 
 county, New York. In 1832 Isaac settled in Harrison township. Potter county, 
 Pennsylvania, in the midst of an unbroken forest, his nearest neighbors being from 
 two to four miles distant". Here he cleared a farm, upon which he resided until his 
 death, in 1873, aged seventy-nine years. His wife was Keziah Wickes, a daughter 
 of Israel P. Wickes, of Tompkins county, New York, but later a resident of Ohio. 
 She bore him six children who grew to maturity, viz: Lydia, who married E. Z. 
 Olney; Jared, Isaac C, Nancy, who married Aaron Webster; Prudence, who 
 married Alonzo Hawks; Harriet E., who married J. A. Smith, and Israel. Mr. 
 Thompson was a member of the Baptist church, and in politics, an ardent Eepub- 
 Hcan. He filled the office of county commissioner, and also treasurer of Potter 
 county, for one term each, and was a man of enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 Isaac C. Thompson, second son of Isaac and Keziah Thompson, was born in 
 Ulysses, Tompkins county, New York, November 16, 1821, and was in his twelfth 
 year when his parents settled in Potter county, Pennsylvania. He attended school 
 in the Uttle log school house of his district, and after attaining his majority, he 
 worked at the carpenter's trade seven years. Since that time, with the exception of 
 four years that he was engaged in merchandising at Potter Brook, where he erected 
 the first store building, he has followed farming in Potter and Tioga counties. He 
 assisted his father to clear the old homestead, and also cleared and improved a farm 
 for himself in Hector township. Potter county, but since 1866 he has been a resident 
 of Westfield township, Tioga county. In September, 1864, he enlisted in Company 
 D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; was detailed on detached 
 service, and was honorably discharged in June, 1865. Mr. Thompson has been 
 twice married. His first wife was Mary A. Potter, a daughter of Stephen and 
 Matilda (Aldrich) Potter, who settled in Westfield township, Tioga county, in 
 1817. She bore him five children, viz: Emily, who married William Weeks; 
 Sophronia, who married B. P. Mulford; Julia A., who married L. J. Skinner; Eva 
 K., who married A. V. Hawley, and Hattie, who became the wife of William Nivison. 
 He married for his second wife Mrs. Sarah A. Stevens, nee Eossiter. In politics, 
 Mr. Thompson is a Eepubliean, and an advocate of prohibition. During his resi- 
 dence in Potter county, he served as auditor, and also as a justice of the peace. 
 Since locating in Westfield township, he has filled the latter office two terms. He is 
 known in the community as a good citizen, a kind neighbor, and a public-spirited 
 man. 
 
934 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Ekastus G. Hill, a native of Lebanon, Madison county, New York, was one 
 of the first settlers of Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he 
 cleared and improved a farm, owning at one time 300 acres of land, which has since 
 been divided into several farms. Later in life he removed to Westfleld township, 
 where he continued farming, but afterwards erected a hotel in what is now Westfield 
 borough, known as the Hill House. He conducted this hotel for five years, then 
 sold out and retired from active business. His wife was Violet Thompson, who bore 
 him four children who grew to maturity, viz: Lafayette, Kirk B., Emma, wife of 
 George Parmenter, and Perry. Mr. Hill died in Westfield, in 1879, at the age of 
 sixty-two years. 
 
 Kirk B. Hill, second son of Erastus G. and Violet Hill, was born in Clymer 
 township, Tioga county, January 9, 1845. He obtained his education in the common 
 and select schools of Westfield, and in early manhood worked at the carpenter's 
 trade. For fourteen years he was employed in a sash and blind factory at Cowan- 
 esque. Since 1883 he has been engaged in farming in Westfield township, 
 and is one of its progressive and successful citizens. Mr. Hill was married Septem- 
 ber 25, 1874, to Addie Burdic, a daughter of Nelson and Susan (Pease) Burdic, of 
 Westfield, and has two children: Benjamin and Hazel. In politics, he is a Ee- 
 publican, is a member of Eulalia Grange, of Westfield, and has filled various local 
 offices in his township. 
 
 James Lattimee was born in England, February 6, 1803, was a miller by 
 trade, and spent some years in Scotland. In 1854 he immigrated to the United 
 States, and settled in Westfield, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming until 
 his death, September 8, 1889. His wife was Helen Haining, a native of Scotland, 
 who was the mother of eight children, viz: William, Agnes, who married John 
 T. Stephenson; Alexander, Mary, wife of James Champlin; James, George, David 
 and John. Mr. Lattimer was a life-long member of the Presbyterian church, and 
 in politics, he was an adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 Geoege Lattimee, fourth son of James and Helen Lattimer, was bom in 
 Dumfrieshire, Scotland, June 23, 1846, and came with his parents to Westfield, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1854. He was reared upon a farm; obtained a com- 
 mon school education, and has followed agricultural pursuits since boyhood. He 
 has resided upon his present homestead in Westfield township since 1879. On 
 December 25, 1874, he married Mary A. Price, a daughter of Phineas and Sybil 
 (Bump) Price, of Westfield township, and has one daughter, Maggie. In politics, 
 Mr. Lattimer is a stanch Democrat, and gives an earnest support to Democratic 
 measures and principles. 
 
 S. Austin Buck, a native of Bennington, Vermont, bom about 1826, was a 
 son of Hiram Buck, and came with his parents to Elkland, Tioga county, about 
 1849. Hiram Buck was a blacksmith, which trade he followed for some years at 
 Elkland, whence he removed to Coudersport. His children were as follows: Abel, 
 S. Austin, Hiram, Clarissa, who married Harry Wheaton; Lucy, who married 
 Alpheus Bassett; Myrtle, who became the wife of William H. Banks; Lucretia, 
 Frank and Charies. The subject of this sketch learned the blacksmith's trade with 
 his. father, and followed that business for many years at Elkland and Westfield. 
 He was also in the mercantile business at Westfield, and Harrison Valley, Potter 
 
BIOGEAFHICAL SKETCHES. 935 
 
 county, for several years, as a member of the firm of K. Krusen & Company, general 
 merchants and millers. About 1865 he purchased the farm in Westfield township 
 now occupied by his sons, Eugene A. and Eandolph H., where he continued to reside 
 up to his death, in 1870. His wife was Aurilla Hurlbut, a daughter of Giles Hurl- 
 but, of Harrison township. Potter county, to which union were bom four children, 
 viz: Eugene A., Randolph H., Norman and Loren. In politics, Mr. Buck was a 
 Eepublican, and was a justice of the peace for several years at Hanison Valley. 
 
 Randolph H. Buck, second son of S. Austin Buck, was born in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, November 35, 1852. He was reared in this county, obtained a common 
 school education, and served an apprenticeship of five years at the tanner's trade, 
 which business he gave up on account of ill health. Since 1879 he has been engaged 
 in farming, and is now serving his fourth year as treasurer of the Cowanesque 
 Valley Agricultural Society. Mr. Buck was married October 5, 1876, to Emily A. 
 Wheaton, a daughter of Lewis and Rozetta (Whitcomb) Wheaton, of Pine Creek, 
 Potter county, and has one daughter, Helen 0. In politics, he is a Republican, 
 and has been clerk of Westfield township for the past seven years. He has been 
 financial secretaxy of New Hall Council, No. 846, Jr. 0. II. A. M., of Potter 
 Brook, since its organization, and secretary of Eulalia Grange, No. 1088, of West- 
 field, for the past three years. 
 
 James E. Dodge was bom in Steuben county. New York, September 26, 1836, 
 a son of Israel and Sally (White) Dodge, both natives of Oxford, Chenango county. 
 New York, who settled in Harrison township, Potter county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1839. His father v/as a millwright, at which trade he worked, in eomiection with 
 farming, until his death. He had a family of nine children, viz: Angeline, who 
 married Henry Cummins; Martin, Franklin, Elizabeth, who married Horatio Aldrieh; 
 James E., Vincent, Clarissa, who married John Champlin; Anna, who married 
 Eugene Stevens, and Eugene. The subject of this sketch was reared in Potter 
 county, obtained a common school education, and began life for himself as a lum- 
 berman, which business he followed four years. In 1860 he located in Westfield 
 township, Tioga county, where he cleared and improved a farm which he still owns, 
 and is now the owner of two farms in Westfield township, embracing 260 acres, 
 and one of 111 acres in Harrison township. Potter county, besides some village 
 property in Harrison Valley. Mr. Dodge was married October 28, 1860, to Alpha 
 A. Champlin, a daughter of George and Loncy (Works) Champlin, of Westfield 
 township. Politically, he is a Republican, and has held various township offices. 
 
 Deacon Richahd Ellis, sixth child of Reuben and Mehitabel (Scott) Ellis, 
 was bom in Ashfield, Massachusetts, December 20, 1760. His paternal grand- 
 father, Richard Ellis, born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1704, came to America in 1717, 
 landing in Massachusetts, and in 1728 married Jane Phillips, a daughter of Capt. 
 John Phillips, of Easton, that State. They had a fam.ily of nine children. Reuben 
 Ellis, the father of Deacon Richard Ellis, was born in Easton, November 5, 1728, 
 there grew to manhood, and served in the French and Indian War from 1754 to 
 1757. He was an ensign in the Colonial service, and three of his sons served in the 
 Revolutionary War, the subject of this sketch being one of them. In 1811 Deacon 
 Richard Ellis settled in Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, purchasing 
 a large tract of land, upon which he later built two saw-mills and two erist-mills. 
 
936 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 He ■manufactured lumber on Pine creek, and was a man of great industry and enter- 
 prise. In later life he removed to EUisburg, Potter county, which was named ia 
 his honor, where he erected a saw-mill, a grist-mill and a tavern. He was twice 
 married, his first wife being Eunice Chilson, who bore him six children. His second 
 wife, Chloe Chilson, was a sister of his first, and to this union thirteen children were 
 bom. Mr. Ellis was a member of the Baptist church, to which denomination most 
 of his children adhered. He died at EUisburg, Potter county. May 14, 1841. 
 
 EiCHARD Ellis, Je., was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, December 6, 1795, 
 a son of Deacon Eichard and Chloe Ellis, and came to Del'mar township, Tioga 
 county, with his parents in 1811. He became a Baptist minister, though not or- 
 dained for some years after he commenced to preach. He kept a general store and 
 shoe shop at Wellsboro, for several years. His wife was Patience Herrington, who 
 bore him four children, viz: Amasa, Consider, Samuel G. and John M. Mr. Ellis 
 died in Wellsboro, in 1827. 
 
 Amasa Ellis, eldest son of Eichard Ellis, Jr., was born in what is now Shippen 
 township, Tioga county, February 18, 1819. In 1840 he located in the town of 
 Willing, Allegany county, 'New York, where he followed farming imtil 1865, when 
 he removed to AVestfield, Tioga county, Pennsyh'ania, which has since been his home. 
 On September 29, 1849, he married Martha Schoonover, a daughter of Christopher 
 and Chloe (Pemberton) Schoonover, of Clymer township, Tioga county. Eive chil- 
 dren have been bom to this union, viz: Mary E., wife of E. A. Buck; Delos E., James 
 D., Frank and Charles. In religious belief, Mr. ElUs is a Baptist, and in politics, a 
 stanch Democrat. During his residence in Willing, New York, he held the oflGice 
 of supervisor for seven consecutive years. 
 
 Delos E. Ellis was bom in Allegany county, New York, in the town of Will- 
 ing, September 13, 1853, a son of Amasa and Martha Ellis. He came to Tioga coimty 
 with his parents when about twelve years old, and obtained a common school educa- 
 tion. Since early manhood he has been engaged in farming in Westfield township. 
 On October 10,1882, Mr. Ellis married Harriet Bush, a daughter of Peter B.and Mary 
 A. Bush, of Westfield township, and has three children: Fred, Bessie M. and Burt. 
 In politics, he is a Democrat. 
 
 Job Eexfoed was bom in Cincinnatus, Cortland county, New York, January 23, 
 1817, and was of Irish descent. About 1839 he came to Shippen township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and for twenty-eight years was engaged in lumbering on Pine 
 creek. In 1865 he located in Westfield, and in 1877 removed to Harrison Valley, 
 Potter county, where he died in 1880. His wife was Chloe Ellis, a daughter of 
 David Ellis, of Shippen township. She became the mother of three children who 
 grew to maturity, viz: Perry E., Nancy 0., wife of J. W. Stevens, and Stella, wife 
 of Dr. E. J. Shaw. Mr. Eexford enjoyed a wide acquaintance in Tioga county, 
 and was one of its prominent citizens for many years. In politics, he was a Eepub- 
 Ucan, and filled the office of county commissioner for three terms, being the only 
 man to enjoy that honor in the history of the county. 
 
 Peeet E. Eexfoed, only son and eldest child of Job and Chloe Eexford, was 
 bom in Shippen township, Tioga county, February 22, 1845, and grew to manhood 
 in his native county. He attended the common schools in boyhood, and began his 
 business life as a farmer, which vocation he has followed up to the present. Since 
 1866 he has occupied his present homestead farm in Westfield township. In 1870 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 937 
 
 he married Clara J. Swetland, a daughter of M. W. and Parmelia (Stevens) Swetland, 
 of Harrison township, Potter county, and has three children, viz: Lillian, Edith and 
 Lena. Mr. Eexford is a member of the Baptist church, in politics, a Eepubliean, 
 and has held various township offices. 
 
 John P. Stephenson was born in Dumfrieshire, Scotland, August 13, 1836, a 
 son of James and Elizabeth (Pool) Stephenson. He was reared upon a farm in his 
 native land, and in 18-52 immigrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Westfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, where he spent five years. For the following five years he was 
 engaged in farming in Du Page county, Illinois. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Com- 
 pany B, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Volunteers, and participated in the battle 
 of Stone Eiver and all of the engagements on Sherman's March to the Sea. He was 
 honorably discharged at Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865. Eeturning to Westfield, 
 Tioga county, he there engaged in farming, and was also employed in the planing 
 mill at Cowanesque for eleven years. Here he lost his right hand, and has since 
 lived retired from active life. Mr. Stephenson was married in 1845, to Agnes Lat- 
 timer, a daughter of James and Helen (Haining) Lattimer, of Westfield township, all 
 natives of Dumfrieshire, Scotland. They are the parents of ten children, viz: John, 
 William,' Mathew, Helen, wife of A. P. King; James, Archibald, Mary, Janet, Prank 
 and George.' In politics, Mr. Stephenson is a Eepubliean, has held the offices of 
 school director and supervisor of Westfield township, and is a member of the G. A. E. 
 
 Samuel Tubes was bom in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in February, 
 1833. His father, James Tubbs, was a son of Samuel Tubbs, Sr., a pioneer oi Elk- 
 land, who at one time owned the land upon which that borough stands. James was 
 bom in January, 1800, and came to the site of Elkland with his parents in 1811. 
 He married Sally Coates, and they were the parents of two sons: Samuel and Benja- 
 min. The former was reared in Elkland and Brookfield townships, and now resides 
 in Brookfield, where he has been engaged in farming for more than half a century, 
 having cleared and improved three farms in that township. He married Mary Lewis, 
 a daughter of Simon Lewis, of Brookfield. Mrs. Tubbs became the mother of four 
 children, and died December 9, 1872. The children are as follows: James B., 
 Jeannette, wife of Morgan Kizer; Charles F., and Lueina, the last of whom died 
 Febraary 5, 1873. Mr. Tubbs is a stanch Eepubliean, and one of the substantial 
 farmers of his native county. 
 
 James B. Tubes, eldest son of Samuel and Mary Tubbs, was bom in Brookfield 
 township, Tioga county, July 3, 1844. He received an academical education in 
 Union and Troupsburg Academies. He has followed agriculture as an occupation 
 since boyhood, but has devoted some attention to teaching vocal and band music, 
 and was chorister in the Methodist Episcopal church over twenty-five years. He 
 located in Westfield in 1867, which has since been his home. In September, 1892, 
 he was appointed superintendent of Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, which position he still 
 occupies. Mr. Tubbs was married March 16, 1867, to Mary Snyder, a daughter 
 of John and Sally (Marble) Snyder, of Harrison, Potter county, and has two 
 children: Carrie G., wife of Frank Wedge, and Lewis L. He is a member of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church; also of the Grange, and the E. A. U., and is 
 Wigwam of Fleetfoot Tribe, No. 366, Improved Order of Eed Men. In politics, 
 lie is a Eepubliean, has held the office of constable, and is now serving his second 
 term as assessor of Westfield township. 
 
938, HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Chaeles H. Maetin was born in Erwin, Steuben county. New York, August 
 2, 1850, a son of Alfred and Mary J. (Onan) Martin. His paternal grandfather, 
 Hiram Martin, was a son of John Martin, a pioneer of Addison, New York. His 
 maternal grandfather, James Onan, was born in Ireland September 15, 1785. 
 In 1806, being then in his twenty-first year, he left his native country for America. 
 While on his way across the ocean he was taken by a British man-of-war and held 
 prisoner three years, when he effected his escape. After remaining secreted in Porto 
 Eieo three months, he made his way to the United States, and was naturalized in 
 Philadelphia, September 20, 1815. He afterwards removed to Cattaraugus county, 
 New York. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county, and there 
 received a common school education. In 1869 he located at Cowanesque, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and began work in the sash and blind factory at Cowanesque, 
 afterwards owned and operated by him for two years, and of which he has held the 
 position of foreman for eighteen years. Mr. Martin married Olive Luce, a daughter 
 of Ira and Isabel (Pease) Luce, of Cayuga county. New York, September 30, 1874, 
 and has one son, Eandall. In polities, he is a Democrat, has held various township 
 ofSces, and is now postmaster of Cowanesque. He is a member of Jemison Lodge, 
 I. 0. 0. F., of Westfield. 
 
 Dana Lbaen was bom in Groton, Tompkins county. New York, May 31, 1849, 
 son of Daniel J. S. and Catherine (Houser) Learn. Both his paternal and ma- 
 ternal grandfathers, John Learn and Samuel Houser, lived at Lansing, Tompkins 
 county. Our subject was reared in his native county, and obtained a common school 
 education. In 1870 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and for two years 
 worked on a farm and in the lumber woods. In 1873 he engaged in farming in 
 Clymer township, and the following year was elected constable of that subdivision. 
 In 1875 he removed to Woodhull, Steuben county. New York, but returned to Tioga 
 county in 1876, and located in Westfield township, where he followed agriculture 
 for three years. In 1879 he purchased a farm in Brookfield township, and lived 
 upon it two years. In 1880 he bought 110 acres in Westfield township, to which 
 he afterwards added fifty-seven acres adjoining, malting a total of 167 acres, seventy 
 of which he cleared and improved himself. Mr. Learn married Anna Baker, a 
 daughter of Sylvanus and Sally (Guiles) Baker, of Westfield township, February 
 5, 1873. Six children have been bom to this union, viz: L. Claude, Alta J., George 
 W., Grace, Clair and William. In politics, Mr. Learn is a Democrat; has held the 
 office of school director of Westfield township for two years, and is one of the sub- 
 stantial farmers in his locality. 
 
 Petee Rushmoee came from Dutchess county. New Y'ork, to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, early in the present century, and settled at Knoxville, removing at 
 a later day to Clymer township, where he cleared and improved a farm, upon which 
 he spent the remaining years -of his life. His wife was Amelia Wyatt, and their 
 children were as follows: Samuel, Amelia, who married George Campbell; Elsie, 
 who married Elihu Wixon; Abbey, who married Arch Knox; John, Silas, Emily, 
 who married William Tate; Joshua, Lizzie, who became the wife of Joseph Sunder- 
 lain, and Watson E. 
 
 Silas Rushmoee, son of Peter and Amelia Eushmore, was a native of New 
 York state, and came to Tioga county with his parents. He was a tanner and 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 939 
 
 currieT, and operated a tannery in Clymer township about fifteen years, where he 
 also cleared and improved a farm. His wife was Hannah Baker, a daughter of 
 James and Deborah Baker, of "Warsaw, New York, who became the mother of eight 
 children, viz: Watson E., James B., Peter, Silas, Levi, William, Deborah, who mar- 
 ried Wallace Wheaton, and Frank. Mr. Eushmore was a Democrat, in politics, and 
 filled various offices in Clymer township. He died upon his farm in that township, 
 August 7, 1878, at the age of sixty-four years. 
 
 Watson E. Eushmoee, eldest son of Silas and Hannah Eushmore, was bom in 
 Warsaw, Yates county, New York, September 16, 1843, was reared in Clymer 
 township, Tioga county, and obtained a common school education. In 1869 he 
 commenced farming for himself in Clymer township, which occupation he has since 
 successfully continued, owning two fine farms in Westfield township, where he per- 
 manently located in 1877. Since the fall of 1893 he has been a resident of West- 
 field borough. On October 20, 1869, he married Sophena Cottrell, a daughter of 
 Dr. W. S. Cottrell, of Whitesville, New York, and has four living children, viz: 
 William, Celestia, wife of Ira Sherwood; Albert E. and Nina May. On August 18, 
 1864, Mr. Eushmore enlisted in Company D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and was in the battles of Hallett House Battery, Hatcher's Eun, 
 Fort Steadman, Stony Creek, and Petersburg. He was wounded in the last men- 
 tioned engagement, April 2, 1865, and was honorably discharged. May 27, follow- 
 ing. Mr. Eushmore is a member of the Baptist church, and is connected with the 
 K. of H., the Orange, and the G. A. E. In politics, he is an ardent supporter of 
 the Eepublican party. 
 
 Joseph M. Deckee, a native of New York state, was a son of Henry Decker, 
 and was reared in Chemung county. He learned the carpenter's trade, followed 
 it in Breesport, New York, and in 1870 settled in Eutland township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he continued working at his trade in connection with farming. 
 In 1882 he removed to Westfield township, and resided there until his death, 
 which occurred on January 25, 1892, in his sixtieth year. Mr. Decker was thrice 
 mamed. His first wife was Jane Benson, who bore him one son, John. His 
 second wife was Minerva Wood, a daughter of Stephen H. Wood, of Eutland town- 
 ship, to which union were born three children, viz: Addie J., wife of Edgar Smith; 
 Charles P., and Anna, deceased. His third wife was Eliza A. Ackley, of Westfield 
 township. Mr. Decker was a member of the I. 0. 0. P., and in politics, a stanch 
 Eepublican. 
 
 Chaeles F. Deckee, son of Joseph M. and Minerva (Wood) Decker, was born 
 in Chemung county, New York, April 30, 1862, and was ten years old when his 
 parents came to Tioga county. He attended the common schools, and also Mans- 
 field Business College, and has been a farmer since attaining his majority. He 
 wns a farm in Eutland township, but has resided in Westfield township since 1885. 
 He married Hattie Ackley, a daughter of Henry C. and Eliza (Sweazy) Ackley, of 
 Westfield, to which union have been bom three children: Maude, Charles H. and 
 Joseph Walter. Mr. Decker is an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Waltee C. Kendall was bom at Altay, Schuyler county. New York, October 
 <!^, 1858, a son of Merritt and Adeline (Carmichael) Kendall, and is of New England 
 and Scotch descent. He was reared in his native county, and educated in the public 
 
940 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 scliools. He engaged in merchandising in 1877, at Kendall Station, Chemimg 
 county, New York, where he carried on business two years, and then removed to 
 Moreland, Schuyler county, where he continued as a merchant three years. In 
 1882, he located at Potter Brook, in general merchandising, where he has since 
 successfully carried on business, having to-day one of the finest stores in the county. 
 From 1883 to 1889 he was also extensively engaged in lumbering, and for five years 
 has been a member of the firm of Kendall & Wyckoff, proprietors of the Kendall 
 House at Potter Brook. In January, 1886, he married Maude Derr, a daughter 
 of David and Alice (Schrayer) Derr, of Hector, Potter county, and has two sons: 
 Clarence and Arthur. Mr. Kendall is a Democrat, in politics, and has been post- 
 master of Potter Brook since June, 1894. He is a member of the K. of H., and is 
 recognized as one of the enterprising citizens of the county. 
 
 Chaeles D. Mahkham was bom in Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 January 31, 1854, a son of William and Betsey Markham, a sketch of whom will 
 be found in this chapter. The subject of this sketch was reared in Knox- 
 ville, and obtained a common school education. He began his business career as 
 a clerk in a drug store at KnoxvUle, in which he served three years, when he 
 purchased the business of his employer and carried it on four years. The year 
 1882 he spent in the South, and in 1883 he located at Potter Brook, Tioga county, 
 where he has since carried on general merchandising. In 1879 Mr. Markham 
 married Emma J. Martin, a daughter of William and Mary A. (Johnson) Martin, of 
 Knoxville, and has one son, Carl W. Mr. Marldiam is a member of the Christian 
 church, and also of Cowanesque Lodge, No. 351, P. & A. M. In politics, he is 
 a Eepublican, and served as postmaster of Potter Brook five years. 
 
 Matthevt Eugene MgNinch was bom in Conesus, Livingston county. New 
 York, March 5, 1851, and is a son of John and Clarissa (Cruger) McNinch. He 
 grew to manhood in his native county, and there received a common school educa- 
 tion. In 1876 he located in Clymer township, Tioga county, where he was en- 
 gaged in farming until 1883, in which year he removed tO' Westfield township, 
 where he has continued in agricultural pursuits, and also conducted a milk route 
 in Westfield borough. Mr. McNinch was married January 1, 1874, to Amanda A. 
 Brownell, a daughter of Rev. Veranus Brownell, of Livingston county. New York, 
 and has one daughter, Ada Louise, wife of Delos Cooper. In politics, he is a Ee- 
 publican, and is one of the enterprising young farmers of the township. 
 
 William Champlain, a son of George and Loncy (Works) Champlain, was a 
 native of Potter county, Pennsylvania, but in early life removed to Westfield town- 
 ship, Tioga county, where he spent the remaining years of his life engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits. His wife was Nancy Verguson, and they were the parents of 
 two sons, George and Robert. 
 
 RoBEHT Champlain, youngest son of William and Nancy Champlain, was bom 
 in Westfield township, Tioga county, September 2, 1846, and lived in his native 
 township until his death, September 24, 1879, caused by being accidentally shot' 
 while cutting com on his farm. He dwelt on a part of the old homestead, and also 
 owned a farm on Broughton hill, which he cleared and improved. His wife,Helen 
 Eliza, was a daughter of Hiram and Catherine Graves, of Otsego county. New York, 
 
BIO&EAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 941 
 
 and bore him two children, Joseph and Einmett. The widow of Eobert Champlain 
 married I. P. Van Zile, and now resides in. Osceola. 
 
 Joseph Champlain, eldest son of Robert and Helen E. Champlain, was bom 
 in Westfield township, Tioga county, October 1, 1867, and attended the public schools 
 of Westfield and Osceola in boyhood. He served an apprenticeship of four years 
 at the blacksmith's trade, and has worked as a journeyman since 1885. He is a 
 member of the K. 0. T. M., and in politics, an adherent of the Republican party. 
 
 BEOOkFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 William Simmons was born April 7, 1804, in Delaware county. New York, and 
 removed to Brookfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1816. In 1819 
 he married Mary A. Brown, a daughter of John H. Brown, a Revolutionary soldier, 
 and one of the first settlers in Brookfield township. The following children were 
 born to this marriage: John, Ebenezer, Lucinda, who married Rev. William Gr. 
 Eaymondj Elizabeth, who married Joseph Montague; Andrew J., and Mary, wife 
 of William Bullock. Mr. Simmons first settled on the farm now owned by John 
 Dougherty, made a small clearing there, and later removed to the fai-m now owned 
 by his son, Andrew J., which, with the assistance of his sons, he cleared and im- 
 proved. He died upon the homestead January 17, 1880, aged nearly seventy-six 
 years. He kept a general store for many years, and for fifteen yeaxs filled the 
 office of justice of the peace. He was one of the leading Republicans of his town- 
 ship, and a very worthy citizen. 
 
 Andrew J. Simmons, youngest son of William Simmons, was born upon his 
 present homestead in Brookfield township, Tioga county, December 13, 1835. He 
 attended the common schools of his neighborhood, and later Union Academy, at 
 Academy Comers. He owns and occupies the old homestead, and since 1858 has been 
 engaged in farming, though he also conducted a general store in Brookfield for 
 twenty years, and held the office of postmaster for the same period. December 9, 
 1858, Mr. Simmons married Martha Hunt, a daughter of Richard and Phoebe Hunt, 
 of Brookfield township. They are the parents of eight children, viz: Gaylord B., 
 Fred C, Rose, wife of G. A. Kelley; Mary, wife of Eark Perry; George W., Amanda, 
 wife of Schuyler Lozier; Willie, and Lena, wife of P. E. Parker. Mr. Simmons is 
 the possessor of a valuable relic, consisting of a hollow pewter tube, with a plunger 
 or rod for compressing air, which was used by his grandfather, John H. Brown, 
 during the Revolution, for lighting punk with which to build fires. In politics, he 
 is an independent voter, and is an active member of the Farmers' Alliance. 
 
 Daniel Schoonovee, a son of Richard and Mima (Bailey) Schoonover, was 
 one of the early settlers of Brookfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. His 
 father was a native of Massachusetts, whence he removed to Lower Canada and 
 later to Troupsburg, New York, where he died at the age of eighty-seven years. 
 In 1814 Daniel settled on a piece of forest land in Brookfield, which he cleared 
 and improved. It is now owned by Jonas G. Kilbum. In 1865 he removed to 
 McKean county, where he died in 1867. His first wife was Minerva Seely, a daughter 
 of Cornelius and Sally Seely, and bore him three children: Anson, Benjamin and 
 Richard. His second wife was Dama Warner, to which union were born three 
 children, viz: Ezra, Charlotte, who married Joseph Fairbanks, and Daniel. 
 
942 HISTOHY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 EiCHAKD ScHOONOVEEj youiigest son of Daniel and Minerva Schoonover, was 
 bom in Brookfield township, Tioga county, August 6, 1826, there grew to ma- 
 turity, and obtained a common school education. He began his business life as a 
 jobber in lumber, but in 1847 looated on a farm in Steuben county. New York, and 
 engaged in farming. He returned to Brookfield township in 1875, since which 
 time he has occupied the farm upon which he now lives. For many years he dealt 
 in agricultural implements, beginning in New York state, and has also been engaged 
 in merchandising at Austinburg for several years in company with his son, Eichard 
 P. Nearly all his life he has been more or less engaged ia lumbering, which busi- 
 ness he has found congenial. In April, 1848, he married Sophronia Schoonover, 
 a daughter of Christopher and Chloe (Pemberton) Schoonovea:, of Clymer town- 
 ship. They have reared five children, viz: Chloe, deceased; Eichard P., Lucina, 
 deceased wife of John D. George; Hiram B., deceased, and Elizabeth. In politics, 
 he is an independent Democrat, and has held various local offices in Brookfield. 
 
 ErcHAED P. ScHOONOVEH, SOU of Eichard and Sophronia Schoonover, was bom 
 in Troupsburg, New York, February 8, 1854, and was reared to manhood in his 
 native county, receiving a common school education. In 1880 he located in Brook- 
 field township, Tioga county, where he followed farming until 1893, when he em- 
 barked in merchandising at Austinburg, in which business he still continues. Mr. 
 Schoonover was married February 26, 1873, to Eliza Lurvey, a daughter of Ben- 
 jamin and Eliza (George) Lurvey, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and has three children: 
 Albertus, Hiram and Teresa. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; 
 also, of the K. 0. T. M., and the P. of H. In politics, a Democrat, he has served 
 as clerk of Brookfield township three terms, and has been postmaster at Austin- 
 burg since 1893. 
 
 Darius W. Nobles was born in Brookfield township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, August 5, 1833, a son of Asahel and Hannah (Joseph) Nobles. His father, 
 and grandfather, Azel Nobles, both settled in Brookfield township in 1816, locat- 
 ing on the farm now the home of W. S. Hubbard, which was cleared and improved 
 by Asahel Nobles, and on which Asahel and Darius W. lived and died. Azel, grand- 
 father of Darius W., lived on the homestead but a short time. He removed to 
 Parmington township, and there died. Five generations of the family have lived 
 on the homestead, the wife of W. S. Hubbard being the fourth, and their son, Forrest 
 L., the fifth. Asahel Nobles was the father of two children, viz: Hannah, who 
 married John E. Coffin, and Darius W. The latter was bom, reared and died on the 
 old homestead. His wife was Cornelia Leonard, a daughter of Eev. Stephen A. and 
 Peninah U. (Darrow) Leonard, of Westfield. She was the mother of four children, 
 as follows: George E., Walter L., Emma P., wife of W. S. Hubbard, and Cora S., 
 wife of Gaylord B. Simmons. Mr. Nobles died March 11, 1894. He was a stanch 
 Eepublican, filled various local offices in his township, and was recognized as 
 one of its most prominent citizens. 
 
 WiNFiELD Scott Hubbahd was bom in Troupsburg, Steuben county, New 
 York, April 38, 1855, and is a son of Noah B. and Jemima (Cady) Hubbard. He 
 was reared in his native town, and educated in the common schools. Since 1876 he 
 has resided in Brookfield township, Tioga county, where he has been engaged in 
 farming. August 28, 1881, he married Emma P. Nobles, a daughter of Darius W. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 943 
 
 and Cornelia Nobles, of Brookfield township, and has one son, Forrest L. Mr. 
 Hubbard is a member of the K. 0. T. M.; is a Eepublican, in polities, and has held 
 various local of&ces in the township. 
 
 LovEL Plank, Sb., a native of Pomfret, Connecticut, born April 84, 1795, was 
 a son of William and Olive J. (Holmes) Plank, and a grandson of Ebenezer and 
 Jedidah Plank, who were of English descent. Lovel was the youngest in a family 
 of six children, named as follows: Matilda, Waldo, Elijah, Elisha, Elizabeth and 
 Lovel. In 1831 he settled in Brookfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 on the farm now owned by his grandson, W. L. Plank, where he resided until his 
 death, October 1, 1864, in his seventieth year. His wife was Mehitabel Metcalf, who 
 died December 28, 1857, aged sixty-six years. She bore him six children, viz: 
 Sylvester L., who married Permelia Stanton; Daniel L., who married Eliza White; 
 Olive J., who married Samuel Robinson; Isaac, Charles H., who married Lurania 
 Beebe, and Laura L., who married John George. Mr. Plank was a deacon in the 
 First Baptist church of Brookfield for many years, and also took an active part 
 in public affairs. 
 
 Chables H. Plank, fourth son of Lovel Plank, Sr., was born in Paris, Oneida 
 county, New York, January 19, 1820, and was eleven years old when his parents 
 settled in Brookfield township, Tioga county. He assisted in clearing the old home- 
 stead, upon which he spent the remaining years of his life, dying November 17, 
 1891, in his seventy-second year. His wife was Lurania Beebe, a daughter of 
 Harry and Martha (Foote) Beebe, of Harrison township, Potter county. She bore 
 him two sons, Spencer B., deceased, and Welcome L. Mr. Plank was a member of 
 the Baptist church, and an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Spencee B. Plank, eldest son of Charles H. and Lurania Plank, was born on 
 the old homestead in Brookfield township, June 35, 1851; was educated in his 
 native county and in Woodhull, New York, and made farming his life vocation. He 
 married Martha Pierce, a daughter of Zenas and Hannah (VanWinkel) Pierce. 
 Mr. Plank died in Westfield township, April 14, 1893. He was a member of the 
 Masonic order, and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Welcome L. Plank was bom in Brookfield township, Tioga county, August 
 31, 1854, and is the only surviving child of Charles H. and Lurania Plank. He has 
 lived upon the old homestead all his life, and has followed farming as a vocation. 
 On December 31, 1872, he married Jane Ackley, a daughter of George and Susan 
 (Yale) Ackley, of Clymer township, and is the father of the following children: 
 Charles W., Arthur L., deceased; John S., Anna E., George H. and Ethel M. Mr. 
 Plank is a member of the Baptist church, and a E. A. M. in the Masonic order. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and is recognized as a successful and enterprising 
 citizen. 
 
 Stephen Lane, a son of Joseph and Susannah (Ives) Lane, was born in Dan- 
 ville, New York, February 29, 1812. His father died in 1814, and his mother, who 
 was a daughter of Titus Ives, one of the first settlers of Brookfield township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, returned to that township after her husband's death. There 
 our subject was reared to manhood, and soon after settled on the farm now owned 
 by his son, William G., cleared and improved it, and died April 1, 1874. He 
 married Jane George, a daughter of John and Olive (Gardner) George, of Brook- 
 
944 HISTOEY OF TIOGA C0T7NTT. 
 
 field township, who had two children by this union, viz: Juliette, wife of G. J. 
 Davis, and William G. Mr. Lane was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 William G. Lane was bom on the Lane homestead in Brookfield township, 
 Tioga county, June 20, 1850, and is the only son of Stephen Lane. He has always 
 resided upon the home farm, and obtained a common school education in the district 
 schools. On January 1, 1879, he married Ida Davis, a daughter of James and Jane 
 (Finkner) Davis, of Westfield, and has two children, Bessie and Arthur. Politically, 
 Mr. Laae is a Republican. 
 
 Geoege W. Hunt was born in Connecticut, in 1771, a son of George and Mary 
 (Herrington) Hunt. His father was a soldier in the French and Indian war, while 
 he served in the War of 1812 for three months. He was married in Dutchess county. 
 New York, to Mary Brown, a daughter of John Brown, a Eevolutionaxy soldier. 
 He removed to Delaware county, New York, and in 1844 settled in Brookfield 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He was a blacksmith and worked at 
 his trade up to 1857. He died in 1859, at the age of eighty-eight years. To 
 George W. and Mary Hunt were bom eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity, 
 as follows: Charles, Elizabeth, who married Eri Baker; John, Eichard, George, 
 Jane, who married William Millard; Sally, who married William Coffin; Jackson, 
 Eobert and Adam. 
 
 EiCHAED Hunt, third son of George W. Hunt, was bom in Middletown, Dela- 
 ware county, New York, April 6, 1813, and was there reared and educated. He 
 worked on a farm, and also as a carpenter and joiner until 1844, when he removed 
 to Brookfield township, Tioga county, and cleared a part of the farm settled by 
 his grandfather, John Brown. He made all the improvements in buildings, but 
 sold out in 1866 and purchased the farm where he now resides. In 1838 he married 
 Phoebe Van Dusen, a daughter of Lawrence and Peggy (Turner) Van Dusen, of 
 Delaware county. New York. He has reared seven children, as follows: Martha, 
 who married Andrew J. Simmons; Sylvester, who died in 1863, while serving 
 in the Union army; Marietta, wife of Seth Kelly; George, Eoxanna, wife of S. P. 
 Chase; Violetta J., wife of Edgar McLean, and Lester B. The last mentioned is a 
 native of Brookfield township, was there reared and educated, and has made farm- 
 ing his life vocation. He married Eosetta Moore, a daughter of Samuel Moore, 
 and has four children living, viz: Lettie, Eea, Ina and Eichard E. He is a Ee- 
 publican, and has held several local offices of Brookfield township. Eichard Hunt is 
 proud of the fact that he has thirty-seven grandchildren and eight great-grand- 
 children living. In religious belief, he is a Tlniversalist. He is an adherent of the 
 Eepublican party, and filled the office of treasurer of Brookfield township for one 
 term. 
 
 Petee Kilbuen, a native of Montreal, Canada, came from Vermont to Farm- 
 ington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1854, whence he removed to Wood- 
 hull, New York, and in 1857 settled in Brookfield township, Tioga county. He 
 cleared and improved a farm in this township, and died at Austinburg, in 1889, at 
 the ripe age of eighty-four years. His wife was Sophia Burch, and their children 
 were as follows: Sarah, wife of John B. Bush; Jonas G., Serena, wife of Jackson 
 Bush; Solomon P., and Jane, wife of Joseph Bush. 
 
<^.:f ^iia-. 
 
 t<A/yi 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 945 
 
 Jonas G. Kilbukn, eldest son of Peter and Sophia Kilbum, was born in Or- 
 well, Franklin county, Vermont, May 11, 1843, and came with his parents to Tioga 
 conaty in 1854. Since attaining hiB majority he has deYoted his attention to farm- 
 ing. On September 17, 1861, he enlisted in Company P, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and held the ranks of corporal and sergeant during his term of service. 
 He took part in the battles of James Island, South Mountain, Antietam, Predricks- 
 burg, Chancellorsville, Knoxville, Jackson, Vicksburg, the Wildeimess, and many 
 other engagements. He was wounded in the left knee at the Wilderness, May 6, 
 
 1864, and laid in the woods three days before being picked up. He re-enlisted 
 in December, 1863, and was honorably discharged from the service, July 17, 1865, 
 having served nearly four years. In 1871 he married Libbie Wakley, a daughter 
 of John B. and Mary (Woodward) Waldey, of Deerfield township, and has four 
 children, viz: Walter J., Lola, Madge and Eena M. For some years Mr. Kilbum 
 was a breeder of Hambletonian horses, and among other valuable animals, he bred 
 "Kilbum Jim," with a record of 2.23, which he sold for the sum of $5,300. Mr. 
 Kilbum is an ardent Eepublican, and is one of the representative and progressive 
 farmers of his township. 
 
 Stephen P. Chase was born in 'Sew Bedford, Massa,chusetts, IsTovember 29, 
 1840, a son of Benjamin and Betsey T. (Payne) Chase, both of whom are dead. 
 He came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1854, and on September 7, 1861, he en- 
 listed in Company H, Eighty-sixth New York Volunteers. He was enrolled as a 
 private, and was promoted to corporal, sergeant, color-sergeant and color-bearer, sue- 
 sessively. In March, 1862, he was taken sick with typhoid fever, and was confined 
 in the regimental hospital near Good Hope, Virginia, for two months. On May 
 13, 1864, he was appointed color-bearer of the regiment, and at the battle of North 
 Anna, by a conspicuous act of bravery, he rallied the regiment, which resulted in 
 the capture of a line of rebel earthworks. Mr. Chase was honorably discharged at 
 Brandy Station, Virginia, December 30, 1863, and re-enlisted the following day in 
 his old company and regiment. He received a gun-shot wound in the left side of 
 head, at Petersburg, June 18, 1864, and was in hospital at Washington, D. C, and 
 Philadelphia, for five months. He has now in possession the bullet extracted from 
 his head, and prizes it as a precious relic. The wound soon broke out, and on 
 October 30, 1864, he was sent to City Point Hospital, where he was under treat- 
 ment for nine weeks. During his service he took part in the battles of Second Bull 
 Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Mine Run, 
 Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania, North Anna, South Anna, Cold Harbor, Siege 
 of Petersburg, and the final assault on the lines in front of Petersburg, April 2, 
 1865. He was finally mustered out of the service near Washington, D. C, June 27, 
 
 1865. Mr. Chase had two brothers in the service, Vincent, from Rhode Island, 
 and Charles W., who was a member of Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. A brother of Mrs. Chase served in Company H, Eighty- 
 sixth New York Volunteers, and died in the service. On November 21, 1867, Mr. 
 Chase was married at Jasper, New York, to Roxanna S. Hunt, a daughter of Richard 
 and Phoebe (Van Dusen) Hunt, of Brookfield township. Mrs. Chase was bom 
 January 21, 1848, and is the mother of the following children: Ina A., Cora B., 
 Charlie W., Phoebe A., Maud and Lucy M. Mr. Chase has been superintendent of 
 
 60 
 
946 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the Methodist Episcopal Sunday school at Brookfield most of the time since the 
 war. He is a member of the E. P. Babcock Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield. 
 He is a Eepublican, and has held the offices of justice of the peace, constable and 
 collector of Brookfield township. He has made farming his life vocation, and is 
 one of the most respected citizens in the community. 
 
 William Austin was bom in Carroll, Chautauqua county, New York, April 
 3, 1840, a son of James P. and Sally (Cook) Austin. In 1859 he located in Steuben 
 county, New York, where he followed farming until 1861. In September of that 
 year, he enlisted in Company H, Eighty-sixth New York Volunteers. He partici- 
 pated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and other 
 minor engagements. He held the ranks of corporal and sergeant successively, and 
 was honorably discharged February 7, 186-4, on a surgeon's certificate of disability. 
 He was slightly wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, but never reported it and 
 continued in active duty. On his return to Steuben county, he continued farming 
 until 1866, when he returned to Chautauqua county. In 1871 he located at what ia 
 now Austinburg, which is named in his honor, and there engaged in general merchan- 
 dising until 1892. ■ A postoffice was established at this point in 1877, mainly through 
 his efforts, of which he was the first incumbent. He held the office until August, 
 1893, when he voluntarily resigned. In June, 1878, he married Emeline Seely, of 
 Troupsburg, New York, who bore him three children, all of whom are dead. His 
 second marriage occurred October 30, 1888, with Harriet Seely, of Knoxville. Mr. 
 Austin is a member of the Masonic order, and also of the G. A. E. In politics, he 
 is a Eepublican, and has served as clerk of Brookfield township twO' terms. 
 
 William L. Etdee was born in Gloucester, England, January 8, 1857, and is a 
 son of Charles Henry Eyder, a member of one of the old and well known families 
 of that town. He was reared in his native land, and there received his education, 
 with the exception of three winter terms after coming to the United States. At the 
 age of fourteen he entered the British navy, where he spent five years. In 1875 he 
 came to the United States, and located in Livingston county. New York, where he 
 followed agricultural pursuits five years, and then removed to Brookfield township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he has since been engaged in farming. In 1891 
 he purchased what is known as the Grove farm, embracing ninety-six acres, prior to 
 which year he had conducted the old Samuel Bacon farm. In 1879 Mr. Eyder mar- 
 ried Mary Coleman, a daughter of Joseph and Eliza Coleman, natives of England, 
 who came to the United States in 1856. Four children are the fruits of this union, 
 viz: Mattie, Willie, Mabel and Maggie. Mr. Eyder is an attendant of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and a member of the K. 0. T. M. Politically, a Eepublican, he 
 is one of the respected citizens of Brookfield township. 
 
 Geoege Eiettee was bom- in Wurtemburg, Germany, December 15, 1830, a son 
 of Michael and Fredericka (Bach) Eietter. He was reared and educated in his native 
 land, and in 1854 immigrated to the United States, and soon after located at Smeth- 
 port, McKean county, Pennsylvania, where he worked by the month on a farm for 
 two years. He then engaged in f aiming for himself in that county, which he con- 
 tinued for tw3nty-f our years, four years at Smethport and twenty years at Eew City, 
 clearing and improving a farm at the latter place. In 1881 he removed to Brook- 
 field township, Tioga county, where he has since resided, and now owns a fine farm 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 947 
 
 of 400 acres. Mr. Eietter was majiied August 24, 1856, (o Eosa Burtch, a daughter 
 of Prederiek and Barbara (Fleisch) Burtch, of McKean county. Five children have 
 blessed this union, viz: Christina W., wife of Gotthold Burtch; John F., Ernest, 
 Frank and Delano. Mrs. Eietter died August 24, 1885, aged fifty-seven years. In 
 politics, Mr. Eietter, is a Democrat, and in religion, a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. He is a prominent supporter of the Patrons of Husbandry, aud 
 is one of the most successful farmers in Brookfield township. 
 
 CHAPTEE LXII. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 Chatham, Clymek, Gaines, Elk and Shippen Townships. 
 
 Stlvestee Teeat, Se., was bom in Madison county. New York, April 14, 
 1802, a son of Peter and Hannah Treat, who were of English ancestry, and settled 
 in Chatham township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1827, locating on the farm 
 now owned by his son, Sylvester, which he cleared and improved from the wilder- 
 ness. He resided there until his death, October 5, 1866. He first purchased 160 acres, 
 to which he kept adding until he owned 300 acres of good land. He was one of 
 the substantial citizens of Chatham, and was honored and respected by his neigh- 
 bors. His wife, Lucinda, was a daughter of Abiatha and Alvira (Holt) Gates, of 
 Madison county, New York, and bore him a family of seven children, viz: Mary, 
 wife of Thomas Owlett; Lydia, wife of Dr. William B. Eich; Eufus G., Caroline, 
 wife of L. D. Carl; Darinda L., wife of James H. Carl; Amelia, wife of Leonidas 
 Avery, and Sylvester. 
 
 EuFtrs G. Teeat, eldest son of Sylvester Treat, Sr., was bom on his father's 
 farm in Chatham townehip, Tioga county, July 31, 1832, there grew to manhood, 
 and attended the common schools of his district. He owns and occupies a part of the 
 old farm settled by his father, purchased before and since the latter's death, upon 
 which he has lived since 1853. On August 14, 1853, he married Mary J. Snyder, a 
 daughter of John and Adeline (Baker) Snyder, of Faxmington township. They 
 have reared a family of six children, viz: Caroline, wife of Thomas Eansom; Nellie, 
 wife of George Eansom; Jesse, who married Lizzie Bosard; Mary, wife of E. W. 
 Conklin; Ernest, and Ada, wife of Frank Palmer. In September, 18ff4, Mr. Treat 
 enhsted in Company D, One Hundred and Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 He was in the battle of Boydstown Plank Eoad, October 27, 1864, and for six 
 weeks after was on picket duty at Port Sedgwick, where he was transferred to the 
 
948 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Army of the James, under Gen. B. F. Butler, and later under Gen. 0. C. Ord. He 
 was mustered out of the service June 28, 1865, and received his final discharge July 8, 
 1865. Mr. Treat is one of Chatham's leading farmers, and has been postmaster of 
 East Chatham since 1870. In politics, he is a Republican, and is a member of the 
 G. A. R., and K. of H. 
 
 Sylvester Teeat, youngest son of Sylvester Treat, Sr., was born in Chatham 
 township, Tioga coauty, upon the farm where he now resides, December 36, 1846. 
 He was reared to manhood upon the old homestead, and became its owner at his 
 father's death. This farm now embraces 150 acres of well-improved land. On 
 September 38, 1868, Mr. Treat married Sarah Miller, a daughter of Samuel and 
 Judy (Close) Miller, of Chatham township. They are the parents of eight children, 
 viz: Lewis, Alice, wife of Judd Butler; Burt, Agnes L., Fannie, Claude S., Samuel 
 and Clara. In politics, Mr. Treat is a Republican, and has held the ofB.ee of school 
 director for six years. He is a member of the K. of H., and one of the progressive 
 farmers of the community. 
 
 Matthbvf Boom was born in Delaware county, New York, in 1798, and was a 
 son of Forgarty Boom. About 1836 he settled in Chatham township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, taking up 200 acres of land, and built a log cabin in the midst of 
 the forest. Here he cleared and improved a farm, upon which he resided until his 
 death. His «vife, Caroline Pangbum, a native of Montgomery county. New York, 
 was'the mother of eight children, named as follows: John F., William, Mary A., who 
 married James P. King; Sylvester, Phoebe E., wife of Paul Hunter; Darius, Melissa, 
 wife of William Coburn, and Ben. Mr. Boom did service as a guide in the War of 
 1812. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a very worthy 
 citizen. 
 
 Ben Boom, youngest child of Matthew Boom, was born on the old homestead 
 in Chatham township, Tioga county, April 4, 1843, there grew to manhood, and has 
 always followed farming as an occupation. In 1861 he married Nancy Mattison, a 
 daughter of Gardner and Betsey (Winegardner) Mattison, of Knoxville, Tioga 
 county, and has two children: Carrie E., wife of Myron Reynolds, and Jessie. In 
 politics, Mr. Boom is a Republican, and is a member of the K. of H. He is one of 
 Chatham's progressive farmers, and owns and occupies the old homestead settled by 
 his father about sixty years ago. 
 
 Jeebmiah Gaknee M-ern bom in Chenango county, New York, October 3, 1804, 
 and was a son of Gideon and Patty Garner. In 1841 he came from Locke, Cayuga 
 county, New York, to Chatham township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled 
 on the farm now owned by his son, Delos, upon which he resided imtil his death, 
 August 30, 3879, in his seveaty-fifth year. He cleared and improved this farm 
 through the passing years, and succeeded in making it valuable property. Mr. 
 Garner was a hard-working, honest and industrious farmer, and was highly esteemed 
 by his neighbors. He was married to Maria Reynolds, October 2, 1825, to which 
 union were born eight children, viz: Lucy A., wife of Charies Mosher; Wilham 
 J., Daniel W., Betsey J., wife of R. J. Mosher; Martha M., wife of John F. Ackley; 
 Delos, Sarah L., wife of Amason Sensabatigh, and Lucius R. Mrs. Garner died 
 March 5, 1875, in the seventieth year of her age. 
 
 Delos Gaenee was born in Cayuga county. New York, July 10, 1838, and came 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 949 
 
 to Chatham township with his parents, Jeremiah and Maria Garner, in 1841, since 
 which time he has lived upon his present farm. He attended the district schools 
 in boyhood, and his entire attention has been devoted to farming. Mr. Gamer 
 was mai'ried April 39, 1871, to Josephine GrifSn, a daughter of Philo and Jane 
 (Leach) Griffin, of Middlebury township. They have an adopted daughter, Millie 
 E. In politics, Mr. Gamer is a Eepubliean, and is recognized as one of Chatham's 
 leading citizens. 
 
 Lucius E. Gabneh, youngest child of Jeremiah Gamer, was bom on the old 
 homestead in Chatham township, Tioga county, June 12, 1844. He was reared in 
 his native township, attended the common schools in boyhood, and has always fol- 
 lowed farming as an occupation. Since 1880 he has resided on the old Sprague 
 farm in Westfield township. On April 29, 1871, Mr. Garner married Mary 
 Sprague, a daughter of Thomas and Keziah Sprague, of Westfield township, and 
 has one son, Jerrold Paige. Mr. Gamer is a Eepubliean, has filled several local 
 offices in the township, and is one of its respected citizens. 
 
 Solomon Coopek was born in Tompkins county, New York, April 5, 1827, 
 a son of Jason and Maria (Champlain) Cooper. He came with his parents to Chat- 
 ham township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1844, where his father took up a 
 tract of land, upon which he resided until his death. Jason Cooper was a soldier 
 in the War of 1812, and reared the following children: Solomon, Erasmus, Hannah, 
 who married "Warren Boom; Winchester E., Betsey, who married Henry Madison; 
 Burdick, Eobert, and Esther, who married William E. Freeman. On attaining 
 his majority, Solomon Cooper engaged in farming, on the farm now occupied by 
 W. E. Cooper, cleared and improved a part of it, and there died, January 11, 1856, 
 in his twenty-ninth year. His wife, Urania J., was a daughter of Samuel and 
 Ehza (Stringer) Mack, of Cayuga county. New York. She became the mother of 
 four children, three of whom survive: Eliza, wife of Norman Tremain; Jason and 
 Joseph. Mr. Cooper was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in 
 politics, a Whig. 
 
 Joseph Coopeh, youngest son of Solomon and Urania J. Cooper, was bom in 
 Chatham township, Tioga county, March 22, 1853. He left home when twelve 
 years of age, and for five years worked at anything he could find to do. At the 
 age of seventeen he engaged in farming, and so successful have been his efforts 
 through the passing years, that he owns to-day 700 acres of land in Tioga county, 
 principally in Chatham township. For upwards of twenty years Mr. Cooper has 
 been engaged in buying and shipping stock to the New York markets, and also has 
 been more or less interested in general merchandising. He has devoted his atten- 
 tion to various other business interests, and has been generally successful in all his 
 undertakings. Mr. Cooper was married July 9, 1870, to Helen Mosher, a daughter 
 of Charles and Lucy A. (Gamer) Mosher, of Clymer township, and has three chil- 
 dren: Lelia, wife of Luther Davis; Delos, who married Ada McNinch, and Fred 
 A. In politics, he is a Eepubliean, and has served as supervisor of Chatham town- 
 ship for ten years. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the K. of H., and takes 
 an active interest in social affairs. Mr. Cooper is pre-eminently a self-made man. 
 Without any school advantages, he made his way in the world from the age of twelve 
 
950 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 years, and is to-day one of the leading business men of his native county, as well 
 as one of its largest land-owners 
 
 Geoege Feeeis was bom in Locke, Cayuga county. New York, in 1833, and 
 was a grandson of Joseph Ferris, a native of New England. He came to Chatham 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1851, where he cleared and improved a 
 farm, now owned by Lucy Ann Goodwin, and a grandson, Loren Clark. In later 
 life he purchased another farm near Shortsville, Chatham township, where he died 
 in 1877, in his fifty-sixth year. He married Huldah A. Harris, a daughter of Joseph 
 and Eunice (Boga) Harris, of Massachusetts, who bore him three children: Joseph 
 H., Lucy Ann, wife of William Goodwin, and George A. Mr. Ferris was a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Joseph H. Feeeis, eldest son of George Ferris, was bom in Locke, Cayuga 
 county. New York, December 13, 1844, and was in his seventh year when his parents 
 located in Chatham township, Tioga county. He obtained his education in the 
 common schools and at the State Normal School, Mansfield. At eighteen years of 
 age he began his career as a teacher, and followed that profession during the winter 
 seasons for fifteen years. He was principal of Westfield High School in 1877, and 
 taught his last term at Little Marsh in 1880. Mr. Ferris has also followed the 
 carpenter's trade to some extent, as well as farming, and was in the mercantile 
 business at Little Marsh for a year and a half, and for several years was engaged in 
 huckstering on a large scale. On December 38, 1876, he married Emma J. Cady, 
 a daughter of Jerry P. Cady, of Cayuga county. New York. They are the parents 
 of four children, viz: Earl J., Frank A., Sadie Z. and Nellie. Mr. Ferris is a stanch 
 Eepublican, and was elected sheriff of Tioga county in 1885, and served three 
 years. He has also held nearly all the different local offices in Chatham township, 
 and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Alvin H. Eice, a native of Delaware county. New York, bom December 2, 
 1810, settled in Chatham township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1847, on a tract 
 of forest land, where he cleared and improved a farm, built a saw-mill and blacksmith 
 shop, and carried on one of the first stores at Little Marsh. His wife was Sally 
 Faulkner, and their children were as follows: Luther, Orrin, George W., Erastus, 
 Austin D., Chancey J., Amelia A., William A., James M., Eeuben H., Sally A. and 
 Charles A. Mr. Eice died March 23, 1869, and his wife, January 37", 1880. 
 
 Austin D. Eice was bom in Delaware county. New York, June 1, 1839, a son 
 of Alvin H. Eice, and came to Chatham township, Tioga county, with his parents 
 when he was about eight years old. He attended the district schools in boyhood, and 
 learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed about seven years. On September 
 17, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served 
 with his regiment in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. He lost his 
 left leg in the latter engagement, September 17, 1863, and received an honorable 
 discharge in March, 1863. On his retum home. he learned the shoemaker's trade, 
 which he followed eight years, but later engaged in general merchandising for five 
 years, since which time he has followed agricultural pursuits more or less. Mr. 
 Eice was married July 11, 1868, to Martha A. English, a daughter of George and 
 Ellen (McEwen) English, of Delmar township. Her father was a native of Ireland, 
 and her mother of Delmar township, Tioga county. Her maternal grandfather. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 951 
 
 John McEwen, was of Scotch-Irish descent, and a pioneer of Delmar township. 
 His wife was a Miss Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Eiee have two children living: Ellen wife 
 of Ural King, and Hazel. Mrs. Eice is a charter member of the Woman's Eelief 
 Corps, of Little Marsh. Mr. Eice is a member of the G. A. E., the TJ. V. L., the 
 K. 0. T. M., and the K. of H. In politics, he is an ardent Democrat, and served four 
 years as postmaster of Little Marsh under President Cleveland's first administration. 
 He was appointed to the same office in 1894, which he now occupies, and has held 
 various local offices in Chatham township, including that of justice of the peace for 
 twenty-four years. 
 
 NoEMAN A. AsHTON^ was born in Cayuga county, New York, ISTovember 10, 
 1827, a son of Matthew and Esther (Lewis) Ashton. He was reared in that State, 
 there married Hannah C. Mchols, a daughter of Henry and Electa (Eisden) Nichols, 
 of Livingston county, and in 1864 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and en- 
 gaged in farming in Chatham township. Here he continued in agricultural pursuits 
 up to his death. May 17, 1890. Five children were bom to him, four of whom grew 
 to maturity, viz: Frances, wife of J. M. Swimelar; ■ Catharina, wife of Grant Gleason; 
 Nathan W. and Henry A. Mr. Ashton was a Democrat, and filled various local 
 offices in his township. 
 
 Benjamin J. Fitlkeeson, physician and surgeon, was bom in Gulich town- 
 ship, Clearfield county, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1855, a son of Daniel and Eleanor 
 (Stephens) Fulkerson, and is of Welch and German extraction. He was educated 
 at Eeed Institute, Clarion county, Pennsylvania, and in 1873 began the study of 
 medicine with Dr. W. H. Edwards, of Smith's Mills, Clearfield county. In 1874-75, 
 he attended a course of lectures at Bellevue Medical College, New York, and in 1879- 
 80, and in 1880-81, he attended lectures at the University of New York City, where 
 he was graduated in March, 1881. In August of that year, he located at Little 
 Marsh, in Chatham township, Tioga county, where he built up quite an extensive 
 practice, and became widely known as a good physician. In 1895 he removed to 
 Tyrone, Pennsylvania, where he now resides and pursues his profession. Dr. Ful- 
 kerson was married September 1, 1881, to Ida J. Alleman, a daughter of Henry 
 and Catherine (Shoemaker) Alleman, of AUeman's, Clearfield county. They are 
 the parents of three children, viz: Katie, Eleanor and Daniel. In politics, he is a 
 stanch Eepubliean, and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F„ the K. of H., and the K. 0. T. 
 M. societies. 
 
 CLTMEB TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Luke Scott was bom in Vermont, May 11, 1765, and settled at Knoxville, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1804, where he engaged in lumbering. He sub- 
 sequently lived on Troup's creek, in Deerfield township, and resided with his son 
 Eufus, in Clymer township, at the time of his death, September 19, 1838. His 
 wife was Chloe Darling, and their children were as follows: Joanna, who married 
 Julius Seely; Stephen, Luke, Caroline, who married Archibald Knox; Orril, who 
 married ^ohn Goodspeed, Sr.; James, Eufus, Charles, and Harriet, who married 
 Orson Pemberton. 
 
 Eufus Scott, son of Luke Scott, was bom in New Hampshire, July 34, 1802, 
 and was about two jeaxs old when his parents settled at Knoxville, Tioga county. 
 In 1823 he located in Clymer township, where he cleared and improved the farm 
 
952 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 now owned and occupied by his son, Eli D., and resided there until his death, June 
 i, 1884, aged eighty-two years. His wife, Caroline, was a daughter of Robert 
 and Hannah (Mattison) Dickens, of Clymer township. They were the parents of 
 ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity, viz: Lafayette, Luke, James, Joel, 
 Eli D., Chloe, who married Stephen Dickens; Lemuel and Winfield. 
 
 WiNFiELD Scott, youngest son of Eufus Scott, and grandson of Luke Scott, 
 the pioneer, was bom on the old Scott homestead in Clymer township. May 18, 
 1847. He was educated at Union and Ulysses Academies, and has always followed 
 farming as an occupation. With the exception of a two years' residence in Hector 
 township. Potter county, he has spent his entire life in Clymer township. In 
 1873 he married Eosina Scott, a daughter of Levi and Polly (Seamans) Scott, of 
 Westfield, and has one daughter, Julia L. Mr. Scott is a leading farmer of Clymer, 
 and an active supporter of every worthy enterprise. In politics, he is a Republican, 
 and in religion, an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member 
 of the K. 0. T. M., and the P. of H., and takes a deep interest in both societies. 
 
 Silas S. Gbiffin was born in Georgetown, Madison county, New York, June 
 30, 1811, a son of William and Polly (Sweet) Griffin, and was of English descent. 
 His grandfather, Conrad Griffin, immigrated from England to Long Island. Our 
 subject was reared in his native county, and in 1833 settled in Clymer township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he cleared and improved a farm, now occupied 
 by his widow, the wife of Charles P. Bruce, upon which he spent the remaining 
 years of his life. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Thompson, 
 daughter of Bethlehem Thompson, a pioneer of Deerfield and Cljnner townships. 
 Two children were the fruits of this union: Mary E., who married Hannibal Ladd, 
 and Lucius. On May 7, 1845, he married Susannah M. Thomas, a daughter of 
 Abial P. and Lydia L. (Pickett) Thomas, natives of Connecticut and Massachusetts, 
 respectively, and early settlers of Troupsburg, New York. Eight children were 
 born to this marriage, viz: Silas Alvin, William Albert, Lucetta S., wife of Einaldo 
 Taylor; Maretta L., \vdfe of William PauU; Maletta Lavina, wife of John South- 
 worth; Annis Adora, wife of Eugene Schoonover; Lemuel A., and Sarah J., wife 
 of James Keman. Mr. Griffin was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 for many years, and in politics, a supporter of the Republican party. 
 
 Silas Alvin Geiffin, eldest son of Silas S. and Susannah M. (Thomas) 
 Griffin, was born in Clymer township, Tioga county, January 4, 1846. He was 
 educated in the common schools and Union Academy. In August, 1864, he en- 
 listed in Company D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 
 participated in all of the battles in which his regiment was engaged until the close 
 of the war. He was wounded in the right leg in the last fight in front of Peters- 
 burg, and was honorably discharged from the service May 31, 1865. After his 
 return home, he remained on the homestead until 1868, when he removed to a farm 
 of his own. He has cleared four farms in Clymer township, ha^ resided on his pres- 
 ent farm since 1879, and is one of the largest land-owners in this section of the 
 county. On August 11, 1867, he married Sai-ah E. Hurd, a daughter of Russell 
 and Louisa (Higgins) Hurd, of Gaines township, who bore him seven children, five 
 of whom grew to maturity, viz: Benjamin A., who married Olive Hoagland; Eva 
 M., who mai-ried Frank Keman, and died leaving one son, George Alvin, now being 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 953 
 
 reared by our subject; Maretta A., wife of Clayton Scott; Clai-k S., and Walter 
 D. Mr. Griffin is one of the prominent and progressive faxmers of Tioga county, 
 and takes a commendable interest in public affairs. In politics, a Republican, he 
 has held the office of school director several terms, and is a leading member of the 
 G. A. E. 
 
 Isaac Beach, a native of Dutchess county, 'New York, came from Tompkins 
 county. New York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in April, 1836, settling in 
 Clymer township, then a part of Westfield. He cleared and improved a farm, now 
 occupied by his son Burdett, where he also kept a store and entertained the travel- 
 ing public. He was quite a prominent citizen of his time, and both he and wife 
 died upon the old homestead. Her maiden name was Jane Miller, a native of 
 Tompkins county. New York, and she became the mother of seven children who 
 grew to maturity, viz: Jefferson B., Emily, who married Joshua Eushmore; Clark 
 W., Burdett, Annette, wife of Israel Smith; Almira, who married John Sunderlain, 
 and Miranville K. Mrs. Beach was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 but her husband was connected with no religious denomination. 
 
 Jefferson B. Beach, eldest son of Isaac and Jane Beach, was bom in Dryden, 
 Tompkins county. New York, August 25, 1835, and came with his parents to what 
 is now Clymer township, Tioga county, in 1836. He attended the district schools 
 in boyhood, and farming has been his life vocation. He cleared 350 acres of land 
 in Clymer township himself, and is the owner of four fine farms in that township, 
 embracing nearly 400 acres of land. In 1885 he retired from active b\isiness life, 
 and has since been a resident of "Westfield. Mr. Beach was married October 29, 
 1848, to Catherine Douglas, a daughter of William and Sally (Eedner) Douglas, 
 of Hector township. Potter county. Eight children were bom to this union, viz: 
 Wallace D., Augustus C, Ezra G., Charles L., Ida A., wife of Leon Kilbourn; John 
 W., who died aged eleven months; Jenny S., wife of Guy Waterman; Nettie, wife 
 of Frank Bristol, and Elwood S. Mr. Beach and wife are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, in which he served as steward forty-three years, and is now filling 
 the office of trustee. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, 
 and is one of the well-known and highly respected citizens of the county. 
 
 EzEA G. Beach was -bom in Clymer township, Tioga county, June 21, 1855, 
 a son of Jefferson B. and Catherine (Douglas) Beach. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools of his township, and on attaining his majority went into the lumber 
 woods jobbing for tanneries, principally for H. H. Crary & Company, of Westfield. 
 He has also been largely connected with lumber operations, and has given employ- 
 ment to a large number of woodsmen. He has followed this business successfully 
 for about twenty-four years, until the forests in his vicinity have been stripped of 
 their best timber. On July 6, 1888, Mr. Beach married Louisa Putman, a daughter 
 of Wilham and Harriet (Campbell) Putman, of Sunderlinville, Potter county, who 
 has borne him two children, viz: Mabel, who died February 26, 1891, and Grace 
 May, who died April 24, 1893. In 1894 Mr. Beach located on the old William 
 Furman farm, on Pine creek, which has since been his home. He is a member of 
 Middlebury Lodge, No. 844, I. 0. 0. P., of Keeneyville; also of Gaines Encamp- 
 ment, No. 314, of Gaines. In politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Orein Stebbins, Sh., a native of Connecticut, came from Madison county. 
 
954 HISTOEY OF TIOGA C0T7NTY. 
 
 Kew York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and located on the site of 
 Sabinsville, Clymer township, which was at that time covered with forest. Prior 
 to his settlement in this county he had married Nancy Hancock, who bore him 
 three children, viz: Nancy Lorena, born July 3, 1827, and died September 8, fal- 
 lowing; BUjah H., bom August 6, 1839, who died December 18, 1880, and Orrin, 
 born December 11, 1833, who died October 12, 1880. Mr. Stebbins cleared and 
 improved a farm in Clymer township, upon which he spent the remaining years 
 of his life, dying December 5, 1874. His wife survived until July 7, 1S84. 
 
 Elijah H. Stebbins was born in Lebanon, Madison county, New York, 
 August 6, 1829, and came with his parents to Clymer township, Tioga county, 
 when about eight yeajs of age. He attended the district schools of his neighbor- 
 hood, and followed farming and lumbering after attaining manhood, up to 1872, 
 when his father's property was divided and he received as his share a general store 
 and a part of the homestead farm. In 1875 he formed a partnership with his 
 brother-in-law, George Eoberts, and built a steam grist and saw-miU, which was 
 burned in 1877. In the autumn of that year he rebuilt the saw-mill, which he 
 continued to operate until his death, December 18, 1880. Mr. Stebbins married 
 Lydia A. Eoberts, a daughter of D. D. and Mary A. Eoberts, of Clymer township, 
 and reared three children, viz: Milford H., of Wellsboro; George A., of Sabins- 
 ville, and Cora I., who resides with her mother on the old homestead. He was 
 a charter member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. M. 
 
 Alonzo Giles Sabins was bom in Lebanon, Madison county. New York, 
 August 28, 1812, and settled in Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1838, on the farm now occupied by his widow and son, Luman E. At the time 
 of his settlement Clymer township was an almost unbroken Avildemess, with an 
 occasional clearing here and there, and he resided upon his land until his death, 
 which occurred October 30, 1886. He taught school the first winter after his 
 arrival, and was one of the first teachers in his locality. Mr. Sabins was married 
 September 15, 1838, in Lebanon, New York, to Phoebe F. Eisk, a daughter of John 
 and Millie (Stevens) Eisk. On the maternal side Mrs. Sabins is a grand-daughter 
 of Gaylord Stevens, of Lebanon, New York. On the day succeeding their mar- 
 riage, the young couple took their wedding trip to theii' new home in the forest 
 of Clymer township, and settled down to house-keeping. They became the parents 
 of two children, John M., deceased, and Luman E. Mr. Sabins was an attendant 
 of the TJniversalist church. In politics, he was a Democrat, and filled the office 
 of township auditor for a period. He was a thrifty and progressive man, and the 
 village of Sabinsville was named in his honor. 
 
 Luman- E. Sabins, only surviving child of Alonzo G. Sabins, was bom on the 
 homestead in Clymer township, Tioga county, August 15, 1845, and has spent his 
 entire life upon the home farm. On October 1, 1882, he married Flora Hewitt, 
 a daughter of George and Martha (Jewett) Hewitt, of Waterville, Oneida county. 
 New York, and has two children, John L. and Bessie A. Politically, Mr. Sabins 
 is a Democrat, has been tax collector, and is now serving his second term as constable 
 of Clymer township. He is a member of "Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M., 
 and also of the K. 0. T. M. and the Grange. 
 
 EiLET BuEDic came with his parents, Jesse Bnrdic and wife, to Clymer town- 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 955 
 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, where his father died at the age of 
 seventy-eight years, and his mother aged eighty years. They reared a large family, 
 and one of their sons served in the War of 1812. Eiley was mai-ried on Addison 
 HUl, Tnscarora township, Steuben county. New York, June 4, 1830, to Miss 
 Schoonover, a daughter of Jonas and Elsie (Strait) Schoonover. She became the 
 mother of six children, viz: Hiram, George, Sally Mariah, who married Wesley 
 ISrewton; William K., Emma, wife of John Jenkins, and Peleg. Mr. Burdic owned 
 a farm of 140 acres of land, upon which he resided until his death. In politics, he 
 was a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Free Will Baptist church. 
 His widow resides with her son, William E., in Clymer township, at the ripe age 
 of eighty-four years. 
 
 William E. Buedic was bom on the old homestead in Clymer township, 
 Tioga coimty, January 5, 1842, and was reared beneath the parental roof. In 
 August, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and served until the close of the war, participating in the Siege of 
 Petersburg and the charge on Port Steadman. After the war he returned to the 
 home farm, where he has since resided. In politics, Mr. Burdic is a Eepublican, 
 and is a member of the Grange and the G. A. E. 
 
 Feeeman Wilcox, a native of New York state, and a son of Hazzard Wilcox, 
 was born in 1810, and grew to manhood in his native State. About 1840 he came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and soon after purchased 100 acres of land, which 
 he cleared and improved, and upon which he resided until his death, in 1884, aged 
 seventy-four years. On March 19, 1843, he married Sophronia Hancock, a daugh- 
 ter of Lyman and Ehoda (Ide) Hancock, pioneers of Clymer township. She bore 
 him three children, two of whom survive, Frank L. and William W. Mr. Wilcox 
 was a quiet, unobtnisive man, and was respected by his neighbors. 
 
 William W. Wilcox, youngest son of Freeman and Sophronia Wilcox, was 
 born on the old Wilcox homestead in Clymer township, Tioga county, January 11, 
 1849, and has always lived upon the same farm, which he now owns. He received 
 a common school education, and has made agriculture his life vocation. On April 
 9, 1871, he married Mary Sutton, a daughter of Isaac and Huldah (SeeJy) Sutton, 
 of Deerfield township. They have three children living, viz: Joseph D., Eoba 
 and Arlington. Mr. Wilcox is a Eepublican, and has been supervisor of Clymer 
 township three years. 
 
 Thomas Eldeidge, a native of Vermont, and a son of John Eldridge, came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1847. He settled in Clymer township, and with 
 the assistance of his son, John, cleared and improved the farm now owned by the 
 latter, where he died in 1867. His wife was Elizabeth Graham, of Washington 
 county. New York. She bore him a family of eight children, viz: Joshua, Martha, 
 who married Abner Harding; Thomas, Horace, James, John, Edwin and Hiram. 
 Of these, Martha, John and Edwin are living. Mr. Eldridge was a soldier in the 
 War of 1812, and his father was a veteran of the Eevolution. 
 
 John Eldeidge was bom in Hartford, Washington county, New York, March 
 22, 1830, and came with his parents, Thomas and Elizabeth Eldridge, to Saratoga 
 and Tompkins counties. New York, where he was reared and educated. The family 
 settled in Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1847, where John 
 
956 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 remained one winter. For the nine succeeding years lie lived at Groton, New 
 York, where he was employed in buying material for a firkin factory. In 1857 
 he returned to Tioga county, and lived two years on his father's homestead, and in 
 1860 embarked in the hotel business at Sandy Hill, New York. In 1861 he sold 
 out and enlisted in a New York regiment, and served three months, when he was 
 honorably discharged. He then returned to Clymer township, Tioga county, 
 where he has since resided, with the exception of three years that he spent in the 
 hotel business at Addison, New York. In 1865, Mr. Eldridge married Almira 
 Morse, a daughter of Solomon Morse, of Moravia, New York, and has one daughter, 
 Ella E., wife of Charles Brewster. Politically, Mr. Eldridge is independent, votiag 
 for the best man, regardless of party creed. 
 
 EoswELL AcKLET was bom in Groton, New York, March 14, 1805, and was 
 a descendant of one of four brothers who came to America with Lafayette during 
 the Eevolution. In 1848 he settled in Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 on the farm, now occupied by his son. Chancy C, which he cleared and improved 
 with the assistance of his sons, while at the same time he worked at the carpenter's 
 trade. His wife, Almira, was a daughter of Beriah Southworth, and bore him eight 
 children, viz: George M., Sally A., wife of Aaron Yale; John, Beriah S., Lovinus 
 B., Henry C, Chancy C, and Mary A., wife of Alvin Sweazey. All of Mr. Ackley's 
 sons, except John, were soldiers in the Union army during the Eebellion. He and 
 wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, he was a Ee- 
 publiean from the organization of the party, but he east his first presidential vote 
 for Andrew Jackson, under whose administration he was postmaster of Groton 
 City, New York, though later he became a Whig. He filled several minor offices 
 in Clymer township, among them Justice of the peace. Mr. Ackley died May 31, 
 1883. 
 
 Chancy C. Ackley, son of Eoswell Ackley, was born in Groton City, New 
 York, September 6, 1840, and was eight years old when his parents came to Tioga 
 county. He was educated in the common schools and Union Academy and com- 
 menced life as a teacher, which vocation he followed for three years. He then 
 engaged in farming, buying and selling stock, and various other occupations at 
 different periods. On August 34, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry, entering the service as a sergeant. In December, 186,3, he was 
 honorably discharged. In the fall of 1863, he assisted in raising an independent 
 battery of 180 men, which, however, was afterward disbanded, by order of Adjtitant- 
 General Eussell. In August, 1864, he recruited forty men for Company D, Two 
 Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was commissioned second 
 lieutenant of said company September 3, 1864. He was mustered out of the ser- 
 vice May 31, 1865. During his first term he participated in all the battles of the Pen- 
 insular Campaign, as a member of the Eleventh Cavalry, and thence to Norfolk, 
 Virginia, and through to North Carolina. During his second term of service, he was 
 in command of the picket-line along the James river, and received the thanks of 
 his general for giving warning of an expected attack by the rebels in front of 
 Owlett House battery. He was also in the battles of Stony Creek, Hatcher's Eun, 
 and Fort Steadman. In the last battle he charged ahead of his compajiy, and took 
 five prisoners himself. He was severely wounded in the head, back and right arm 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 957 
 
 at Petersburg, from the eilects of which wounds he still suffers. Mr. Ackley was 
 married January 3, 1895, to Mary A. Higgins, a daughter of Thomas Higgins, of 
 Clymer township. He is a member of H. C. Ackley Post, No. 469, G. A. E., of 
 Sabinsville, and in politics, an ardent Kepublican. 
 
 Capt. Keuben Pish was born July 11, 1780, and was a son of Capt. Ebenezer 
 Pish, a Eevolutionary soldier. He spent nearly all his life in Cortland county, New 
 York, and was captain of a company during the War of 1812. His wife, Betsey, 
 was a daughter of Benjamin Cleveland, and was of the same ancestry as President 
 Cleveland. Their children were as follows: Parmelia, who married Jared Davis; 
 Ephraim C, and Ephraim (2d); Ebenezer D., Stephen P., Sally, who married 
 Holland Wood; Mary, who married Hendrick Nash; Perlina, who married John 
 Luce; Betsey, who married William Rexford; Lydia, John P., Jane, who married 
 Enos Campbell, and Eeuben. Many of the descendants of Capt. Eeuben Fish are 
 now residents of Tioga county. 
 
 Jaeed Davis was born in Ehode Island, September 25, 1795, a son of Daniel 
 and Deborah (Talbot) Davis. He was reared in the town of Butternuts, Otsego 
 county. New York, and spent his early manhood in Cortland county. New York, 
 where he married Parmelia Pish, a daughter of Capt. Eeuben and Betsey (Cleve- 
 land) Fish. In 1840 he removed to Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he spent one year, and then returned to Cortland county. In 1846 he located in 
 Gaines township, Tioga county, and engaged in lumbering until 1858, when he 
 removed to Clymer township, where he cleared the land now the site of Davis 
 Station, on the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad, which was named in his honor. 
 He resided there until his death, November 22, 1883. His children were as follows: 
 Wilson, Julia, wife of V. E. Gee; Eeuben F., Fanny, wife of Eufus Eice; J-ired, John, 
 Betsey, wife of Benjamin Eldridge, and Silas B. Mr. Davis was a veteran of the 
 War of 1812, and in politics, a stanch Democrat. 
 
 Eeuben F. Davis was born in Cincinattus, Cortland county. New York, Feb- 
 ruary 3, 1824, and is a son of Jared and Parmelia Davis. He was reared in his native 
 county, and obtained a common school education. In 1848 he came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and located in Gaines township, where he followed lumbering for ten 
 years. He then exchanged his business for a farm, located in Clymer and Hector 
 townships, in Tioga and Potter counties, respectively, which he cleared and im- 
 proved. He resided upon it until 1884, then removed to Sabinsville, where he lived 
 until the spring of 1895, when he returned to the old homestead. On March 25, 
 1846, Mr. Davis married Betsey Hickox, a daughter of Luther and Eunice (White) 
 Hiekox, of Cortland county. New York. They are the parents of three children, viz: 
 Helen, wife of C. S. Eushmore; Charles M., and Ida, wife of Myron Barber. Mr. 
 Davis is a stanch Democrat, in politics, and in religion, a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. 
 
 Chaeles M. Davis was bom in Gaines township, Tioga county, December 31, 
 1851, and is the only son of Eeuben F. Davis. He was reared upon the homestead 
 farm, and was educated in the Westfield High School and Union Academy. Since 
 attaining his majority, he taught school and followed agricultural pursuits up 
 to 1891, in Hector township. Potter county. In the latter year he removed to Sabins- 
 TiUe, Tioga county, where he has since been engaged in merchandising, and has 
 
958 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 filled the office of postmaster since May, 1894. Mr. Davis was married September 
 26, 1875, to Francelia, a daughter of Benjamin and Lavina (Miller) Bldridge, of 
 Clymer township, and has three children: Bert E., Bessie L., and Mary H. He is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, the E. A. U., and K. of H., and politi- 
 cally, an ardent Democrat. 
 
 JoHH Davis, son of Jared Davis, was bom in Cortland county. New York, 
 September 24, 1831. He came with his parents to Gaines township, Tioga county, 
 in 1846, and for a time was in business at Pike Mills, Potter county, where he was 
 appointed postmaster when but twenty years of age. In 1856 he located in Clymer 
 township, Tioga county, where he has since been engaged in farming and lumber- 
 ing. Since 1882 he has also carried on the mercantile business. He was instru- 
 mental in establishing the postoffice of Lansing, located at Davis Station, on the 
 Addison and Pennsylvania railroad. He was postmaster at Pike Mills from 1851 
 to 1856, and has filled the same office at Lansing from 1856 up to the present. He 
 has been postmaster ever since he was twenty years old. Mr. Davis was married 
 April 15, 1859, to Parmelia Larrison, a daughter of "William and Sarah (Stryker) 
 Larrison, of Clymer township, and has one daughter, Sarah L., wife of William A. 
 Eitter. Politically, he is a Democrat, has held the office of assessor of Clymer town- 
 ship for many years, and is now serving his first term as justice of the peace. He is 
 a charter member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, P. & A. M. 
 
 Chaeles N. Butts was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1851, 
 a son of Michael and Eliza (McCaslin) Butts, and is of English, French and Irish 
 ancestry. He was reared in his native city, and obtained a limited education in the 
 public schools. In boyhood, he drove mules on the canal, and was iaured to habits 
 of rigid industry. In the fall of 1864, he enlisted in Company C, Forty-eighth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, and participated in the battles of Five Forks, Petersburg, and 
 Farmersville, and was present at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He was hon- 
 orably discharged from the service in July, 1865, and then returned to his home in 
 Williamsport. He commenced learning the mason's trade, which he worked at up 
 to fifteen years ago, and then embarked in business for himself as a contractor, for 
 the erection of bridge abutments and all kinds of stone and brick work, excavating, 
 etc. He has an enviable record for first-class work in his line, and has carried on 
 quite a successful business. He has lived at SabinsviUe, Tioga county, since 1872. 
 On July 3, of that year, he married Adelia Newton, a daughter of Wesley and Sarah 
 M. (Burdic) Newton, of SabinsviUe. They have five children living, viz: Marcena, 
 Hattie, wife of Wallace Burrell, Charles L., Michael and Eena. In politics, Mr. 
 Butts is a Eepublican, and is connected with the G. A. E., the K. of H., the K. 0. 
 T. M., and the I. 0. 0. F. societies. 
 
 Thomas A. Bate, physician and surgeon, was bom in Mt. Pleasant township, 
 Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1848, a son of Jonathan and Harriet 
 (Brinker) Bair, and is of Holland Dutch and German extraction. His parents were 
 natives of Westmoreland county. His paternal grandfather, Adam Bair, was a 
 Eevolutionary soldier, and settled in Westmoreland county in 1783, receiving the 
 deed for his land from John Penn, the elder, and John Penn, the younger. His wife 
 was Catherine Eeichard. The matemal grandfather of our subject, Henry Brinker, 
 was also a pioneer of Westmoreland county. Thomas A. was educated in the com- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 959 
 
 mon schools and at Sewiekley Academy. In 1875 he commenced the study of medi- 
 cine, and graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1879. 
 He practiced at Holton, Jackson county, Kansas, for a year and a half, and in De- 
 cemher, 1880, located at Sabinsville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he has 
 since been engaged in the active duties of his profession. JDr. Bair has been twice 
 married. His first wife was Sarah J. Steele, of Westmoi-eland county, Pennsylvania. 
 His present wife was Ellen Eexford, a daughter of William and Betsey (Fish) Eex- 
 f ord, of Clymer township, Tioga county. She is the mother of one son, E. Eexford. 
 In politics. Dr. Bair is a Democrat, and is a member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, 
 F. & A. M.; also of the K. 0. T. M. and the Empire State Degree of Honor. He 
 is medical examiner for the K. 0. T. M. and the L. 0. T. M.; also for the New York 
 Mutual Life, New York Life, Aetna, Penn Mutual, New England Mutual and other 
 insurance companies. 
 
 Feank L. Seaes was bom in Groton, New York, August 4, 1840, a son of Frank 
 and Caroline (Eowland) Sears. He was reared in his native county, and educated 
 in the public schools, and since sixteen years of age he has been dependent upon 
 his own energies and resources. In 1861 he came to Wellsboro, Tioga county, where 
 for two years he was employed in a foundry. He then purchased a half interest in the 
 same, and for four years carried on the business, as a member of the firm of Sears & 
 Blather. Eetuming to Groton, New York, he purchased a farm, lived there five 
 years, and later spent one year in Wellsboro, Tioga county. In 1880 he located at 
 Sabinsville, Tioga county, where he has since been successfully engaged in general 
 merchandising. Mr. Sears was married September 15, 1869, to Josephine, a daughter 
 of Joseph and Mary (Doumaux) Eiberolle, both natives of France. Her father 
 settled in Wellsboro, Tioga county, in 1848, and died there in August, 1893. He 
 carried on a tannery in Wellsboro for thirty years, and is one of its well-remembered 
 citizens. Mr. Eiberolle was married three times. His second wife was Mrs. Nancy 
 Taylor, nee Brickley, and his third wife, Betsey Titus, who died in Wellsboro, No- 
 vember 9, 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Sears are the parents of two children: Walter J. and 
 Eddie E., both of whom are dead. They are members of the K. of H., and in politics, 
 he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Edwin B. Schott was bom in Waterloo, Seneca county. New York, April 9, 
 1838, a son of Frederick and Miranda (Bellis) Schott, and is of German and Scotch 
 descent. He was reared in his native town, and educated in the Union schools. In 
 1858 he went to California, where he spent twelve years in mining and ranching. 
 In 1870 he returned to Waterloo, New York, where he engaged in the grocery busi- 
 ness. In 1876 he came to Tioga coxiatj, Pennsylvania, remained in Elkland six 
 months, and then removed to Westfield, where he was engaged in the manufacture 
 of cigars and other pursuits until 1884. In that year he located at Sabinsville, 
 purchasing the Samuel Goodell mill property, which he has since operated as a saw 
 and feed-mill, and also carried on a cheese factory, with a capacity for using the 
 product of 600 cows. Since coming into the possession of this property, Mr. Schott 
 has practically rebuilt and remodeled the mill, and is doing a good business. He was 
 married July 16, 1884, to Flora 0. Gill, a daughter of Charles and Eliza (Winchester) 
 Grill, of Westfield. They have four children, viz: Miranda, Frederick, Walter and 
 
960 HISTORY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Ellen. Mr. Schott is a member of the F. & A. M., and the P. of H.; and is a stanch 
 adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 Elihu H. Fatjlknee was bom ia Orange county, New York, January- 15, 1814, 
 and was a son of John Faulkner, his mother's maiden name being Horton. About 
 1845 he located on Pine creek, in Gaines township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he was engaged in lumbering some twelve years. He then commenced farm- 
 ing in the same township, and cleared and improved the farm now the home of his 
 widow, where he resided until his death, July 33, 1885. His wife, Anna A., was a 
 daughter of John and Mary Elizabeth (Alberta) Benn, of Gaines township. Her 
 father was the first settler of Gaines village, cleared the land whereon it stands, and 
 resided in the township until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Faulkner were the parents 
 of five children, viz: John W., Leonard S., Lemuel M., Amanda E., wife of Edgar 
 Hurlbut, and Pasco N. 
 
 Lemuel M. Paulknek was born on the old homestead in Gaines township, 
 Tioga county, August 18, 1861, and is a son of Elihu H. Faulkner. He was reared 
 upon the farm, and attended the common schools of the district. On attaining man- 
 hood he engaged in fanning in Clymer township, on a farm adjoining his father's 
 place, which he still owns. In 1891 he removed to his present home, upon which 
 he has since resided. Besides farming, Mr. Faulkner has been more or less engaged 
 in the lumber business. He married Ida Briggs, a daughter of Eobert W. and Eliza 
 (Baker) Briggs, of Clymer township, December 25, 1884, and has two children: 
 Lottie A. and Duleie D. Mr. FaxUkner is a stanch Eepublican, is connected with 
 the P. of H., and is one of the progressive and enterprising farmers of his township. 
 Andkew Bbimegin was bom in County Clare, Ireland, November 30, 1844, a 
 son of John and Ellen (Halland) Brimegin, natives of the same place. His parents 
 had two children, Patrick and Andrew. The father died in Ireland, and the family 
 immigrated to the United States in 1846 and settled in Steuben county. New York. 
 Here the children grew to maturity and obtained a common school education. 
 Patrick is now a Jeweler in the city of New York. Andrew turned his attention to 
 farming and lumbering. On July 33, 1863, he enlisted in Company D, One Hun- 
 dred and Sixty-first New York Volunteers, and served through the war. He par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Port Hudson, Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill and the 
 Siege of Fort Morgan, and later was on guard duty over the assassins of Lincoln. 
 He was wounded in the battle of Fort Morgan by a bullet through the left wrist, 
 and was captured at Sabin Pass and served in rebel prisons at the mouth of Eed 
 river from September 8, 1863, to July 33, 1864. After the war he returned home, 
 where he devoted himself to farming. In 1866 he came to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he engaged in lumbering and afterwards in agricultural pursuits. He 
 now resides in Clymer township, where he has two farms, one of fifty and another 
 of forty acres. Mr. Brimegin has been twice married. His first wife was Emma 
 Swope, a native of Tioga county, and a daughter of Abiather Swope, of Shippen 
 township, to which union were born two children: Frank E. and Nellie E. His 
 second wife was Mrs. Eulalia Metcalf, a daughter of Joseph Lane, of Brookfield 
 township. Two children are the fruits of this union: Lloyd E. and Nettie. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Brimegin is a Republican, and has held nearly every office in Elk, Shippen 
 and Gaines townships, among them that of supervisor for ten years. In 1894 he 
 
IKerna^.VV 
 
 tiyt^^/^^y 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 961 
 
 was elected a jury commissioner, in which office he is still serving. He is a member 
 of E. C. Bahcock Post, G. A. E., of Westfield, and takes a deep interest in all matters 
 pertaining to the veterans of the war. 
 
 GAINES AND ELK TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Maktin W. Ftjeman was bom in Gaines township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 August 30, 1829, a son of William and Mary (Waldorff) Furman. His father came 
 from Sunbury, Northumberland county, to Gaines township, Tioga county, about 
 1806, and settled on the south bank of Pine creek, a mile and a half east of the site 
 of Gaines. He had been in this county several times prior to his final settlement; 
 was a noted hunter and was employed with the surveyors of the Bingham estate. 
 He was the father of ten children, and died in 1861. His widow survived him about 
 two years. Martin W. was reared on the homestead farm, and was trained to habits 
 of frugality and industry. In March, 1849, he married Eunice J. Dartt, a daughter 
 of John and Elizabeth Dartt, of Delmar township. The following children were 
 bom to this union, all of whom arrived at maturity before they died: Evelina, who 
 married Daniel Furman, of Delmar; Elizabeth, wife of Fred. Nobles, of the same 
 township; Delphine, who married John Ackley, of Sabinsville; George Hurlburt, 
 who married Julia Weeks; Manning, who mairied Hattie Dunbar, of Brookland, 
 Potter county; Cyrus, of Cross Forks, Potter county; Julius, of Gaines township; 
 Daniel, who lives in Corry, Erie county; Aurilla, wife of Charles McCoy, of Corry; 
 Annie N., wife of W. Nathan Ladd, of Gaines township; John Norton, of Brook- 
 land, Potter county, and Julia, wife of John Behrman, of Gaines township. About 
 1849 Mr. Furman bought a farm in Delmar, on which he lived up to 1861. He then 
 sold it and returned to the old homestead to care for his parents in their declining 
 years. After their death he took charge of the farm and cultivated it up to 1893, 
 when he sold it and purchased his present homestead. Though farming has been 
 his principal occupation, he has devoted considerable attention to lumber jobbing, 
 in which he has been fairly successful. Mrs. Furman died in 1877, and about three 
 years after her death, he married for his second wife, Viancy Hacket, of Sabinsville. 
 She became the mother of two children who died in infancy. She died and June 
 30, 1891, he married Sarah J. Strait, a daughter of Stephen and Mabel (Omes) 
 Strait, of Clymer township, Tioga county. In politics, he is a Eepubliean, and is 
 recognized as one of the substantial farmers of his native township. 
 
 Joshua Bebnatjee was born in Gaines township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 June 12, 1827, a son of Conrad and Maria (Zuber) Bernauer. His father emigrated 
 from Germany to Philadelphia in 1814, where he met and married Maria Zuber. 
 They lived in that section of Pennsylvania up to 1817, in which year they came to 
 Tioga county and bought 175 acres of land in what is now Gaines township. Here 
 his wife died, and he married Sarah Smith, who died on October 16, 1865. He 
 cleared and improved his farm, and resided upon it until his death, August 1, 1870, 
 in his eighty-first year. Joshua was reared upon the homestead, and attended the 
 common schools of his district in boyhood. On attaining his majority he learned 
 the cabinet-maker's trade, and subsequently the carpenter's trade, which he has 
 followed more or less up to the present. September 16, 1864, he enlisted in Battery 
 D, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, and a month later joined his regiment at 
 61 
 
962 niPTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Cedar Creek, taking part in that battle. He was soon after sent to the general hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, and was finally discharged June 8, 1865. Mr. Bemauer haa 
 been twice married. His first marriage occurred June 8, 1854, to Irene A. Smith, 
 a daughter of David and Lomanda Smith, of Gaines township, who bore him two 
 children, viz: Anna Maria, deceased, and Ellen Irene, wife of C. C. Flynn, of West 
 Pike, Potter county. Mrs. Bemauer died June 17, 1856. He was again married 
 February 28, 1857, to Lucy E. Beach, a daughter of Johial and Sally Beach, of Elk 
 township. Pout children were born to this union, as follows: Sally Bethana, who 
 died May 4, 1858; Mary Emeline, who died April 30, 1864; Morris John, of Gaines, 
 and Herbert, at home. Politically, Mr. Bemauer is a EepubUean, and has filled 
 several of the of&ces in his township. He is a member of the Free Baptist church, 
 and fills the office of deacon in that body. He is also a charter member of Marsh- 
 field Grange, No. 1113, P. of H., and is chaplain in the I. 0. G. T. 
 
 Alexandeh Mattison, originally spelled "Matteson," was born in Herkimer 
 county, 'N&w York, in 1810, and came with his parents, Alexander and Lydia 
 (Cleveland) Matteson, natives of Ehode Island, to the site of Knoxville, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in 1811. His father's brothers, Jonathan and Solomon, also 
 natives of Ehode Island, and their parents, came at the same time, from Herkimer 
 county, New York, and all settled on the Cowanesque river, where Knoxville now 
 stands. In 1815 Alexander and Jonathaja Matteson, and Joshua Colvin, erected 
 a saw-mill on the south bank of the Cowanesque, Alexander's wife sawing the first 
 board. In 1817 Jonathan built a grist-mill on the north bank of the river, opposite 
 the saw-mill, in connection with which was also a fulling-mill. The Mattesons were 
 interested in the erection of a log distillery about the same period, which stood in 
 the north part of the village. The subject of this sketch was reared at Knoxville, 
 whence he removed to Westfield, and about 1840 purchased a large tract of land in 
 Gaines township, containing a saw and grist-mill, where he later erected a hotel. 
 Lumbering was his principal occupation the greater portion of his life, and he was 
 a man of considerable enterprise and public spirit. He married Clara Potter, who 
 bore him a family of twelve children. Mr. Mattison was one of the best known citi- 
 zens in Gaines township, and died at his home in March, 1876. 
 
 Silas B. Mattison was bom in Westfield township, Tioga county, April 36, 
 1835, a son of Alexander and Clara Mattison. When he was five years old his parents 
 removed to Gaines township, where he assisted his father in lumbering and farming. 
 At the breaking out of the Eebellion, Silas B. enlisted in Company D, Fifty-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in all of the battles in which his regiment 
 was engaged up to Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, where he was taken prisoner. He 
 was paroled three weeks later at Eichmond, Virginia, was sent to Annapolis, Mary- 
 land, and was soon after discharged from the service. Eetuming home he purchased 
 a farm near Gaines, which he later sold and then bought his present home near 
 Marshfield, on which he has since resided. In April, 1865, Mr. Mattison married 
 Miss Lucy Coon, a daughter of Lyman and Lucy Coon. Seven children have been 
 bom to this marriage, as follows: Horatio, Grant, Howard, Andrew, Belle, Silas and 
 Clara E., the last being dead. Mr. Mattison is a charter member of Marshfield 
 Grange, 'So. 1113, P. of H., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 John H. Baknhaet was bom in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, Octo- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 963 
 
 ber 17, 1817, a son of Adam and Eachd (AnderBon) Barnhart, originally from 
 Union county. He was reared on a farm, and learned the carpenter's trade, which 
 was his principal occupation the greater part of his life. In 1843 he came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, and settled on a farm in Gaines township, immediately west 
 of the present Barnhart homestead, on which he located a few years later. At that 
 time Gaines was a comparative wilderness, with very few settlers and little or no 
 improvements. Mr. Barnhart assisted in building the first saw-mill on Elk run, as 
 well as the first house erected in that locality, that of David Smith, which is still 
 standing. By industry and economy he managed to clear and improve hit, farm, on 
 which he resided up to his death. May 18, 1894, being then one of the oldest citizens 
 in the township. On February 18, 1843, Mr. Barnhart married Sarah Harrison, a 
 daughter of John and Eachel (Freese) Harrison, who became the mother of ten 
 children, viz: Ann Elizabeth, wife of Justus D. Strait, of Gaines; Darwin, of the 
 same township; John M., Eachel 0., deceased; Amanda, wife of Oscar Macumber, 
 of Wisconsin; JuHa, deceased; Idessa M., wife of N. L. Hanscom, of Marshfield; 
 Justus W., deceased; Otis, and Ambrose B., the last two of whom reside with their 
 mother on the old homestead. Mr. Barnhart took an active interest in the affairs of 
 his township, and served as collector and treasurer. He was a kind husband and 
 father, a good citizen, and an honest, worthy man. 
 
 David Smith, a son of David Smith, Sr., was a native of New Haven county, 
 Connecticut, and came from Chenango county. New York, to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in the fall of 1833. Thirteen years later he and his son, Octaviiis A., came 
 to the place now called Marshfield, Gaines township, cleared a piece of land, and 
 made other preparations for building a home. In February following he came again 
 and built a log house, which he occupied the following spring. This was the first 
 permanent settlement made on Elk run, though there was at the time a saw-mill in 
 operation about a mile from the mouth of that stream, of which John L. Phoenix, Sr., 
 was proprietor. Mr. Smith lived on this farm up to the fall of 1869, when his feeble 
 health compelled him to take up his residence with his son, Octavius A , at whose 
 home he died March 15, 1870, aged eighty-eight years. His widow, whose maiden 
 name was Lomanda Wright, survived until April 30, 1875. They were the parents 
 of twelve children, nine of whom grew to maturity. 
 
 Octavius A. Smith, son of David and Lomanda Smith, was bom in Chenango 
 county, New York, May 5, 1833, and was only a few months old when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, receiving his education in the 
 public schools and Wellsboro Academy. About 1854 he located on a tract of timber 
 land near the site of what is now Marshfield, in Gaines township, and commenced 
 clearing and improving it, teaching school during the winter seasons. He has con- 
 tinued in agricultural pursuits on this farm up to the present, which he cleared 
 principally by his own individual efforts, and now in his riper yeaxs is enjoying the 
 fruits of a life of honest, persistent labor. Mr. Smith was married May 36, 1863, to 
 Hannah Kleinhans, a daughter of Carl and Wilhelmina (Hoeppe) Kleinhans, who 
 has borne him two children, viz: Marshall M., a merchant of Gaines, and WiUiel- 
 mina, wife of Prof. W. 0. Eobinson, supervisory principal of of the Athens High 
 schools, Athens, Pennsylvania. Mr. Smith has been township auditor for thirty 
 years, has filled the office of county commissioner one term, and that of county 
 
964 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 auditor for three years, and has also served the people in other capacities. In poh- 
 tics, he is an ardent Eepublican. Mr. Smith possesses considerable poetic and literary 
 ability, and is the author of quite a number of worthy productions that have been 
 extensively copied in the public press, some of which have been copyrighted. 
 
 Marshall M. Smith, son of Octavius A. Smith, and grandson of David Smith, 
 was born in Gaines township, Tioga county, March 7, 1864. He was educated in the 
 common schools and Wellsboro High school, and is also a graduate of Mansfield 
 Business College. He taught in the winter and worked on the farm at home during 
 the summer seasons for several years, and was also employed as a clerk in a store 
 at Leetonia and in the Galeton tannery store. In 1889 he came to Gaines, Tioga 
 county, and formed a partnership with William H. Vermilyea, in the mercantile 
 business. Three years later he purchased the interest of his partner and continued 
 the business alone. He has since purchased the store building and residence, has 
 remodeled the same, and has enjoyed a lucrative trade. On December 4, 1889, he 
 married Nellie E. Watrous, a daughter of William H. and Emma (Williams) Watrous, 
 of Gaines township, who' has borne him two children, viz: Sadie M. and Carl W. 
 Mr. Smith is a member of Tyadaghton Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Gaines, and of Gaines 
 Encampment, and has passed the chairs in both lodges. He is also a member of 
 Ossea Lodge, No. 317, P. & A. M., of Wellsboro. 
 
 Charles B. Watrous was born at Colesville, Broome county. New York, Oc- 
 tober 13, 1835, a son of William and Eliza H. (Smith) Watrous. His father, a son 
 of James S. Watrous, was bom in Connecticut, December 39, 1798, and removed to 
 Broome county. New York, whence he came to Gaines township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, in the spring of 1847, where he resided until his death, March 19, 
 1883. Charles B. was educated in the common schools, and was twelve years old 
 when the family came to Gaines township. Here his father engaged quite exten- 
 sively in lumber operations, and subsequently cleared and improved a farm one 
 mile south of the mouth of Elk run. The subject of this sketch has always been 
 connected with the lumber business, principally in Tioga county, though he also 
 spent some time in Michigan. In February, 1861, he married Harriet M. Hurd, a 
 daughter of Stephen Hurd, of Caton, New York. Two children were bom to this 
 union, viz: William, deceased, and Eobert S., of Watrous, Gaines township. Mr. 
 Watrous married for his second wife, Isabella Brewster, a daughter of Luther H. 
 and Olive (Palmer) Brewster, of Eichmond township, Tioga county. Two chil- 
 dren are the fruits of this union, as follows: Mary B., wife of Eobert Tuton, of 
 New York City, and William H., a resident of Minnesota. Politically, Mr. Watrous 
 is a Eepublican. He is still one of the active business men of Gaines, and devotes 
 his attention to lumbering. 
 
 Ethan Strait, a son of Daniel and Sally (Crowl) Strait, was bom in Steuben 
 county. New York, July 13, 1816. He was married September 20, 1838, to Julania 
 Wright, a daughter of Justus and Anne Wright, who bore him one son, Justus D., 
 a resident of Gaines township. Mr. Strait learned the wagonmaker's trade in early 
 life, and followed it for a number of years. In 1847 he located in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, whence he removed to Lawrenceville. In March, 1850, he settled in Gaines 
 township, on the farm now occupied by his son, Justus D. During the old training 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 955 
 
 days, lie took an active part in militai-y affairs and served as a captain in the militia. 
 He died March 12, 1876, aged sixty years. 
 
 Justus D. Stkait, only child of Ethan and Julania Strait, was bom in Steuhen 
 county. New York, June 23, 1839. When he was eight years old his parents came 
 to Tioga county, and in March, 1850, settled on the farm where he now resides. 
 Mr. Strait was educated in the common schools and Wellsboro Academy, and has 
 devoted his principal attention to agriculture. He has been a successful farmer 
 and dairyman, and was a merchant in Gaines for a few years. He is the owner of 
 a fine herd of thoroughbred Jersey cows, and his dairy is supplied with the most 
 improved appliances. September 31, 1861, Mr. Strait enlisted in Company I, Forty- 
 fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and re-enlisted in the field, December 31, 1863. He 
 participated with his regiment in over thirty engagements, besides a number of 
 sMrmishes. On September 30, 1864, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Poplar 
 Grove Church, and was confined in prisons at Petersburg and Eichmond, Virginia, 
 and Salisbury, North Carolina, and was exchanged February 23, 1865. After a 
 short furlough he rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, Virginia, and was discharged 
 at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1865. While in the service he was promoted 
 to corporal and sergeant, successively. April 5, 1865, Mr. Strait was married to 
 Annie E. Bamhart, a daughter of John H. and Sarah (Harrison) Barnliart, of 
 Gaines township. Nine children have been bom to this marriage, .ns follows: 
 Getta 0., wife of Harvey Gardner, of Gaines; Ida H., John E., Norman I., Julia, 
 Daxwin C, Eugene J., deceased; Sarah A., and Carl C. In politics, Mr. Strait is a 
 Eepublican, and has served as school director and auditor of his township three 
 terms each. He is a member of Ackley Post, No. 469, G. A. E., of Sabinsville, and 
 a charter member of the Association of Ex-Prisoners of War, of Wellsboro. He is 
 also connected with Tyadaghton Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 0. F., of Gaines; Marsh- 
 field Lodge, No. 130, 1. 0. G. T., and Forest Grove Lodge, A. P. A., of Forest Grove, 
 Oregon. In religion, Mr. Strait is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 David Ebxfokd was bom in Cincinnatus, Cortland county. New York, July 10, 
 1820, a son of William and Nancy (Blanchard) Eexford. He was reared in his 
 native county, and in 1839 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and engaged in 
 lumbering in Shippen township, which he followed there about sixteen years. In 
 1855 he purchased 900 acres of timber land in Gaines township, located upon it, 
 and continued in his lumber operations up to 1890, when he sold his mill and retired 
 from active business. Mr. Eexford was married August 27, 1843, to Catherine A. 
 Purman, a daughter of Josiah and Samantha (Grey) Furman, of Gaines township. 
 Ten children were bom to this union, as follows: Delos D. and Jesse J., both resi- 
 dents of Gaines township; Henrietta, deceased; William L., who lives at home; 
 Ahce L., deceased; Catherine A., wife of E. C. Kelts, of Sheffield, Pennsylvania; 
 Delia, wife of William Larrison, of Gaines township; Charles L., at home; Oscar, 
 and Ida May, both deceased. Mr. Eexford is a stanch Democrat, has held every 
 township ofiSce except justice of the peace, and is also a member of Tyadaghton 
 Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 0. P., of Gaines. 
 
 Delos D. Eexfokd, eldest child of David and Catherine A. Eexford, was bom 
 m Shippen township, Tioga county, November 9, 1844, and was about eleven years 
 old when the family removed to Gaines township. He was educated in the com- 
 
966 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 men schools and Union Academy, and was connected with his father in the himber 
 business from boyhood, though he also devoted considerable attention to fanning. 
 On March 23, 1868, he married Emma S. Seagers, a daughter of Henry J. and 
 Altaira (Eixford) Seagers, of Westfield, who has borne him six children, as fol- 
 lows: May H., wife of Eupert K. Jones, of Gaines; Satie B., who died at the age 
 of three years; Blanche L., Leon J., Ina A. and Kittie A. In politics, a Democrat, 
 Mr. Eexford has been constable and (|ollector of Gaines township for seven con- 
 secutive years, supervisor several terms, and is now filling the office of school direc- 
 tor. He is one of the energetic and enterprising fanners of his township. 
 
 William H. Veemilyea was bom near Addison, New York, July 18, 1847, 
 a son of Horace C. and Ursula A. (Green) Vermilyea. His parents came to the 
 Cowanesque valley when William H. was but seven years old. His father owned 
 and conducted a tavern at Academy Corners and later cai'ried on a hotel at Gaines, 
 where he also filled the office of postmaster for eighteen years. He died June 4, 
 1878. His wife died in Chicago, Illinois, November 34, 1895. They were the 
 parents of four children, viz: Alwilda, wife of C. H. Eexford; Albina, widow of 
 the late Dr. F. D. Eitter; Adelbert E., and William H. The subject of this sketch 
 graduated at the State Normal School, Mansfield, in 1869. After completing his 
 education he was induced to study chemistry and medicine at Athens, Pennsyl- 
 vania, with his brother-in-law. Dr. Eitter, and from 1873 to 1877 he was a drug- 
 gist in Westfield, Tioga county. He then accepted a position as traveling salesman 
 for the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company, of New York, and for ten 
 years was in the employ of that firm selling gas and coal oil fixtures. In the mean- 
 time he had purchased the hotel at Gaines from his father, and after leaving the 
 road he carried on the business up to his death, by accident, July 7, 1894. The 
 old hotel was destroyed by fire, and with characteristic energy and enterprise he at 
 once erected the present commodious structure now occupying the site and known 
 as Hotel Vermilyea. Mr. Vermilyea was married August 3, 1873, to Miss AUce 
 r. Closson, a daughter of David B. and Julia A. (Stryker) Closson, and a grand- 
 daughter of John and Eliza (Beach) Closson. Her father was bom in Great Bar- 
 rington, Massachusetts, May 7, 1813, and her mother in Morris county. New Jersey, 
 April 19, 1820. They reside with her in Westfield, to which place she removed in 
 189.5. Mr. and Mrs. Vermilyea were the parents of two children, viz: Inez M., 
 wife of W. W. Marsh, and Horace C. The latter died November 30, 1893, aged 
 eight years. In politics, Mr. Vermilyea was an ardent Eepublican, was postmaster 
 at Gaines under Harrison's administration, and served as chairman of one of the 
 county conventions. He was a member of the K. of P. and the I. 0. 0. F., and was 
 a Knight Templar in the Masonic order. He was a man of commendable enter- 
 prise and public spirit and his death was a great loss to the business interests of the 
 community in which he lived. 
 
 Heney S. Cowbuen was born in Dewsberry, Yorkshire, England, February 
 3, 1830, a son of Joseph and Mary Ann (Snowden) Cowburn. He was reared ia 
 his native land, and attended the public schools of Dewsberry. His father was 
 postmaster at Mirfield, England, for more than forty years, and died there April 
 30, 1871, in his sixty-ninth year. His mother died Febraary 11, 1869, aged sixty- 
 four years. Henry S. learned the blacksmith's trade in England, and came to the 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 967 
 
 United States when nineteen years of age, and found employmeait with Silas X. 
 BiUings, of Gaines township, Tioga county, for whom he worked a number of years. 
 He was married to Mercy Mattison, a daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (Brown) 
 Mattison, of Clymer township, July ^8, 1853. Six children were bom to this 
 union, as follows: Joseph E., of Gaines township; William B., of Ulysses town- 
 ship. Potter county; Charles S., of Perryville, Potter county; James H., of Gaines 
 township; Mary Hannah, and Jane Elizabeth, the last two of whom are dead. 
 Mrs. Cowbum died July 5, 1893. In 1871 Mr. Cowbum purchased a farm on Lick 
 run, in Gaines township, upon which he has since lived. He has cleared and im- 
 proved the land, and erected thereon substantial buildings. In religion, he is a 
 member of the Protestant Episcopal church of Brookland, Potter county. Politi- 
 cally, a Democrat, he has served as school director in Gaines township, and has 
 always taken an interest in the prosperity of his adopted home. 
 
 Charles E. Dimmick, a son of George "W. and Caroline M. (Hotchkiss) Dim- 
 miek, was born in Shippen township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, May 4, 1856. 
 He was reared on a farm and was educated in the common schools of his native town- 
 ship. He worked at lumbering until he came to what is now Watrous, Gaines 
 township, where he purchased the Conrad Bemauer farm at the mouth of Elk run, 
 on which he has since resided. In connection with his farm, Mr. Dimmick has 
 also continued lumber jobbing. He maxried Esther S. Putman, a daughter of 
 Wilham and Harriet (Campbell) Putman, of Sunderlinville, Potter county, June 
 6, 1885, and has two children, Bruce H. and Verl E. The new and rapidly growing 
 village of Watrous is built entirely on the farm of Mr. Dimmick. The first building 
 was commenced in December, 1894, and it is now a thriving hamlet of between thirty 
 and forty buildings, with two stores and a very commodious school house, built by 
 himself. It is on the line of the Buffalo and Susquehanna, and the Addison and 
 Pennsylvania railroads. Here is also located the Maple, Beech and Birch Flooring 
 Company's plant, which cost $30,000, and was incorporated in July, 1894. In 
 politics, Mr. Dimmick is a Eepubliean, and has filled the offices of supervisor and 
 school director. He has been a member of Tyadaghton Lodge, ISTo. 981, 1. 0. 0. F., 
 of Gaines, since 1884, and is also a charter member of Gaines Encampment, Ko. 
 314, and of Marshfield Grange. Mr. Dimmick is one of the progressive farmers of 
 his native county. 
 
 Daniel W. Etjggles was bom in Chemung county. New York, March 10, 
 1833, a son of Homer and Mercy S. (Morse) Euggles. His father was bom in 1793, 
 married Mercy S. Morse, and became one of the first settlers of Elk township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania. While a resident of New York state, Homer Euggles served 
 in the War of 1813. His wife's father was a soldier in the Eevolution. He 
 resided in Elk township from 1854 until his death, in 1865, aged seventy-two years. 
 Daniel W. was reared upon the homestead in Elk township, and assisted his father 
 on the farm up to 1856, in which year he purchased land in the same township and 
 devoted his attention to clearing and improving it. In February, 1858, he mar- 
 ried Eosette E. Kelley, a daughter of James and Sophronia (Butler) Kelley, of 
 Charleston township, Tioga county. The following children were born to this 
 union: Arthur A., of Westfield township; Eva M., wife of Jesse Beach, of 
 Wellsboro; James H., who carries on the harness business at Gaines; Mabel, wife 
 
968 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of Thomas A. Sweet, of Middlebury, and Martha V., wife of A. W. Stickley, of 
 Tiadaghton. Mrs. Ruggles died ia August, 1875, and January 2, 1877, he married 
 Zelia 0. Colgrove, a daughter of H. L. and Eliza (Bundle) Colgrove, of Elk town- 
 ship. Seven children have been bom to this marriage, viz: Charles D., Joseph 
 H., Emma E., Bessie L., Eben E., Hazel E. and Lena A., the last deceased. In 
 February, 1864, Mr. Euggles enlisted at Wellsboro, in Company A, One Hundred 
 and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, his company being in command of 
 Capt. George W. Merrick. They proceeded to Harrisburg, spent three weeks at 
 Camp Curtin, then went to Washington, D. C, and Joined the Army of the Potomac 
 at Cold Harbor, Virginia. Mr. Euggles served with his regiment up to November, 
 
 1864, when it was ordered to Philadelphia to recruit and do guard duty. In June, 
 
 1865, the regiment proceeded to Harrisburg, and was on guard duty at that place 
 until mustered out of the service in August following. Eetiirning home Mr. Rug- 
 gles engaged in farming in Charleston township, but a few years later embarked 
 in carpentering and wagon-making at Wellsboro. In 1875, on the death of his 
 first wife, he entered the employ of C. B. Watrous, of Gaines township, and since 
 that time he has followed farming in connection with operating a wagon shop at 
 Gaines. In politics, a Eepublican, he has served as constable about six years in 
 Elk township, and as many in Gaines township. He is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, also of Tyadaghton Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 0. P., of Gaines, and 
 Babcock Post, No. 258, G. A. E., of Westfield. 
 
 Charles H. Huhlbdrt, a son of Alexander and Hannah (Sogers) Hurlburt, 
 of Troupsburg township, Steuben county. New York, . was bom in Troups- 
 burg, December 9, 1854. He obtained a common school education, and was 
 reared on a farm. Before attaining his majority he came to Westfield, Tioga 
 county, where he found employment as a farm hand for one year, and later entered 
 the employ of Cook & Billings, as a teamster at their tannery on Pine creek. 
 About 1877 he bought a farm on Lick run, in Gaines township, but soon disposed 
 of it and located in the village of Gaines. In 1882 he again purchased property 
 on Lick run, where he has since resided. Mr. Hurlburt is also engaged in lumbering 
 in that locality. On January 1, 1875, he married Lydia Matteson, a daughter of 
 Harris and Emehne (Brace) Matteson, of Westfield township. Nine children have 
 been born to this marriage, named as follows: William H., deceased; George, Ina, 
 Addie May, Walter, Hannah E., Nancy J., Winfred C. and Bessie E. Mr. Hurlburt 
 is an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, a Democrat. 
 
 William Nathan Ladd, a son of Hannibal and Mary E. (Griffin) Ladd, was 
 bom in McKean coimty, Pennsylvania, near Port Allegheny, November 13, 1857. 
 Two or three years later his parents removed to the vicinity of Potter Brook, in 
 Westfield township, Tioga county. Soon afterwards William Nathan took up his 
 home with his paternal grandfather, William Ladd, in Westfield township, with 
 whom he lived until 1866, when he returned to the father's home in the same 
 township. At an early age he went into the lumber woods, first doing chores or 
 light work, and later taking a man's place. He was principally engaged on Pine 
 creek, but spent four years in the pineries of northern Michigan. Fifteen years 
 of his life was passed in the occupation of a woodsman, in which business he became 
 an expert. On July 5, 1881, Mr. Ladd married Annie M. Furman, a daughter of 
 
BIOQEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 9(59 
 
 Martin W. and Eunice J. (Dartt) Furman, to which union have heen born four chil- 
 dren, viz: Lola B., born July 28, 1883; Ida M., February 19, 1885; Archie W., 
 April 3, 1889, and Lillian Pearl, October 20, 1894. In October, 1883, Mr. Ladd 
 purchased a farm on the south bank of Pine creek, a mile and a half east of Gaines, 
 where he has since devoted his attention to agriculture, but also spends the winter 
 season in lumber jobbing. In politics, he is a Democrat, and one of the worthy 
 citizens of his township. 
 
 Samuel Weight was bom in Canandaigua, New York, February 5, 1819, a 
 son of Kobert and Hannah (Easland) "Wright. He grew to maturity in his native 
 place, and March 2, 1839, was married to Miss Sarah F. Farmer, a daughter of 
 James and Deborah (Jewell) Farmer. One son was bom to this union, who died 
 in May, 1880, at Bath, New York, and was interred in that town. Mr. Wright lived 
 two years in Canandaigua after his marriage, and then moved to Bloomfield, and 
 later to Kushville, in the same State, whence he returned to Canandaigua. He 
 next went to Perm Yan, where he resided about twelve years, then removed to Wayne, 
 and afterwards kept a hotel at Bath for twelve years. In 1886 he located in Gaines 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, purchasing a farm near Phoenix Station, 
 on the Addison and Pennsylvania railroad. Soon after this he became an invalid, 
 and continued in failing health up to his death, October 8, 1895. Since her hus- 
 band's death Mrs. Wright has made her home with her grand-daughter, Mrs. C. P. 
 Conine, of Prattsburg, New York, though she owns the homestead farm in Gaines 
 township, and spends a portion of her time in Tioga county looking after her 
 property. 
 
 John Fischleb was bom in Germany, February 25, 1845, a son of John and 
 Ehzabeth (Kalsch) Fischler, natives of Germany. In May, 1856, the family came to 
 Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where the father carried on a boot and shoe 
 store for more than twenty years. John learned the shoemaker's trade, and fol- 
 lowed that business in his father's shop. He was one of a family of twelve chil- 
 dren, eight of whom are living. The Fischler brothers are all accomplished musi- 
 cians, and, when living in Wellsboro, composed the Fischler orchestra of that place, 
 from 1878 to 1887. Charles is now leader of the Stopper & Piske Orchestra, 
 of Williamsport, and Edwin is a member of the same organization. In October, 
 1887, Mr. Fischler purchased the drug store at Gaines, then owned by Dr. F. D. 
 Eitter. On April 21, 1865, he married Louise A. Stickley, a daughter of Henry 
 and Lydia (Watkins) Stickley, of Wellsboro, who has borne him two children, viz: 
 Ernest M., a resident of Auburn, Indiana, and Lillian Louise, who lives at home. 
 They also have an adopted son, Lee, a son of Edwin and Lida (Newton) Fischler, 
 the former of whom lives in Williamsport. Mr. Fischler is a member of Tyadaghton 
 Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 0. F., and of Gaines Encampment, No. 314, both located at 
 Gaines, Tioga county. 
 
 Henet Mengee, a native of Hanover, Germany, and a son of Christopher and 
 Elizabeth (Volmer) Mengee, was bom January 33, 1824, and was reared and edu- 
 cated in his native land. He learned the cabinet maker's trade, and worked at the 
 same seven years after serving his apprenticeship. In 1846 he immigrated to 
 Brooklyn, New York, where he found employment at his trade for three years, and 
 then went to New York City and worked in the ship-joiner's shop of James H. 
 
970 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 Cutter. About 1866 he located in Germania, Potter county, Pennsylyania, where 
 he purchased a farm. Since that time Mr. Mengee has worked at his trade in 
 Wellsboro and other towns of the county, while his family carry on the farm. In 
 April, 1845, he married Louise Sittig, a daughter of Fred and Elizabeth (Volmer) 
 Sittig, natives of Germany, who came with him to the United States. Eight chil- 
 dren were bom to this union, as follows: Henry and Julia, both deceased; George A., 
 a resident of Watrous; William, of Wellsboro; Agnes, deceased; Fred L., of Ger- 
 mania; Emily, wife of Jacob Zoerb, of the same place; Henry F., a resident of 
 Washington, and Herman T., who lives in Prattsburg. Mrs. Mengee died in the 
 autumn of 1881, and was interred in the Germania cemetery. 
 
 Hbeman T. Mengee, youngest child of Henry Mengee, was born in Germania, 
 Potter county, Pennsylvania, April 38, 1868. He obtained a common school educa- 
 tion, and engaged in lumbering in the employ of Woef el, Zinert & Company, of Ger- 
 mania. In 1893-94 he was landlord of a hotel in that place, later named the Cottage 
 Hotel. In December, 1895, he purchased a lot at Watrous, one mile south of 
 Gaines, erected a store, stocked it with hardware and general merchandise, and 
 carried on business there until his removal to Prattsburg, New York, where he is 
 engaged in the hotel business. On April 30, 1893, he married Annie Meixner, a 
 daughter of Prank and Catherine (Zengule) Meixner, of Germania, Potter county, 
 and has two children, Clarence F. and Allen H. Mr. Mengee is a member of Abbott 
 Lodge, No. 1015, 1. 0. 0. F., of Germania, and was connected with Germania Tent, 
 K. 0. T. M. He is also a charter member of the Schutzen Verin, of Germania. 
 
 John Matnaed was bom in Adderbury, Oxfordshire, England, December 5, 
 1811, a son of Edward and Mary A. (Busby) Maynard. He was reared in his native 
 land, and immigrated to Vermont in 1837, soon after removing to Massachusetts. 
 There he met and married Abigail Whitney, a daughter of Harry and Mary Whitney, 
 of Littleton, New Hampshire, January 1, 1833. Seven sons and six daughters were 
 the fruits of this union, named as follows: Mary Ann, deceased wife of Wheeler 
 Bratton, of Vermont; C. John, who died in childhood; John C, of Gaines town- 
 ship; Martha M., wife of Gustave E. Winkler, of Camden, New Jersey; Marshall 
 M., who died in Kentucky, September 33, 1863, while a member of Company I, 
 Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers; Ede and Edward E., both of whom died in 
 youth; Edwin E., who died in 1885; Ede, wife of Charles Furman, of Camden, New 
 Jersey; Edward E. (3nd), deceased; Eeuben G., who lives on the homestead; Carrie 
 E., who first married John C. Trowbridge, and is now the wife of John M. Purhen, 
 of Elk township, and Annie M. I., wife of Herman Perry, of Kalamazoo, Michigan. 
 In June, 1847, Mr. Maynard came to Westfield township, Tioga county, and some 
 two years later removed to Shippen township, where he was foreman of the lumber- 
 ing interests of his brother, a member of the firm of Maynard & White. In 1853 he 
 located in Elk township, where several years before he had purchased over 500 acres 
 of timber land near the head of Elk nm. He was the first permanent settler in the 
 township, and built his home in the midst of the primitive forest, cleared up a good 
 farm and reared a large family. Mr. Maynard was a practicing physician ia that 
 section, but devoted his principal attention to the cultivation and improvement of 
 the homestead. He planted out large orchards of apples and pears at quite an 
 early day, and furnished his neighbors with abundance of frait free of cost. At 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 97^ 
 
 the organization of Elk township, Mr. Maynard was elected a justice of the peace, 
 and filled the ofSce continuously up to the time of his death. He also held nearly 
 every other township office at different periods, and was one of the commissioners 
 chosen to select the site of the county poor farm. In addition to his original pur- 
 chase, he had bought other tracts from time to time, until he owned and sold nearly 
 every farm for two miles square, in all between 1,600 and 1,700 acres. Mr. May- 
 nard died on his farm, December 9, 1878; his widow survived until September 33, 
 1886. 
 
 Eeuben G. Matnaed, a son of John and Abigail Maynard, was born in Ship- 
 pen township, Tioga county, January 39, 1851, and was two years old when the 
 family settled in Elk township. He attended the district school near his home, and 
 worked on the farm and in the lumber woods throughout his early life. He is now 
 the owner of the old homestead, to which he devotes his entire attention, and is one 
 of the leading farmers of this section of the county. He takes commendable pride 
 in the improvement of his property, and has an orchard of 500 bearing trees. On 
 May 5, 1875, Mr. Maynard married Ettie P. Mies, a daughter of E. "W. amd Catherine 
 (Backus) Niles, of Middlebury township, both of whom are dead. They are the 
 parents of seven children, viz: Edith K., wife of Charles Wheeler, of Earmington 
 township; Wallace, deceased; John W., Floyd and Lloyd (twins), the latter de- 
 ceased; Eeuben E. and Harry. Politically, Mr. Maynard is a Eepubliean, and has 
 filled the office of school director, supervisor, auditor, constable, collector and as- 
 sessor, and is the present treasurer of the school board. He is a member of Tyadagh- 
 ton Lodge, Ko. 981, I. 0. 0. P., also of Gaines Encampment, No. 314, and is con- 
 nected with Marshfield Grange, No. 1113, P. of H. Mr. and Mrs. Maynard are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is one of the most respected 
 and progressive citizens of the community. 
 
 Charles H. West, son of James H. and Catherine (Lull) West, was bom in 
 Cortland county. New York, August 26, 1836, and there grew to manhood. About 
 1865 he went to Vermont, where on December 3, of that year, he married Lura E. 
 Draper, a daughter of Daniel and Huldah (Kimberly) Draper, of West Haven, Eut- 
 land county, Vermont. Four children were bom to this union, viz : James H., who 
 died October 30, 1895; Arthur, born March 31, 1869; Norman E., bom October 
 7, 1871, and Lettie A., bom May 19, 1873. In 1868 Mr. West removed to Westfield, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and the same year located in Elk township, where he 
 purchased the farm, on the headwaters of Kettle creek, on which his family now 
 reside. It was covered by an almost unbroken forest, which has since been cleared 
 off, and here Mr. West died August 14, 1873. On October 9, 1874, Mrs. West mar- 
 ried Wilbur Welch, and to this union have been bom five children, as follows: Lettie 
 A., widow of Claude Ellsworth, who died at Sunderlinville, Potter county, August 
 27, 1895; Albert J., born October 6, 1877; Sarah E., April 17, 1880; Huldah L., 
 August 24, 1883; Annie E., March 31, 1885, and Henrietta A., November 38, 1887. 
 Mr. Welch is employed in cutting and stocking logs during the lumbering season, 
 and devotes his attention to farming the balance of the year. 
 
 John C. Teowbeidge was bom in Clymer township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 14, 1847, a son of Caleb and Eliza (Losey) Trowbridge. He was edu- 
 cated in the common schools and Union Academy, and assisted his parents on the 
 
972 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 farm until his marriage. On January 4, 1871, he married Carrie E. Maynard a 
 daughter of John and Abigail Maynard, of Elk township, who bore him two chil- 
 dren, Edward C, and Grace A., the latter deceased. After his marriage Mr. Trow- 
 bridge was engaged in lumber operations on Pine creek and its tributaries during 
 the fall and winter seasons, but always returned to the old homestead to assist his 
 parents in the duties of the farm, which he continued to do up to the time of his 
 death. 
 
 Edwaed C. Teowbeidge, only living child of John C. and Carrie E. Trow- 
 bridge, was bom in Clymer township, Tioga county, November 21, 1871. He at- 
 tended the common schools of his native township, and has since devoted his atten- 
 tion to farming and lumbering. He makes hjs home with his mother, Mrs. John M. 
 Purhen, in Elk township, where he is the owner of a farm and other property. He 
 is a member of Marshfield Grange, No. 1113, P. of H. 
 
 John M. Puhhen was born in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1854, a son 
 of Frank and Dorothy (Franck) Purhen, of Elk township, Tioga county, whither the 
 family removed during the childhood of our subject. He remained with his parents 
 until 1883, when he purchased a saw-mill, which he has since operated near his 
 present home. On February 27, 1884, he married Mrs. Carrie E. Trowbridge, widow 
 of John C. Trowbridge, a daughter of John and Abigail Maynard, who has borne 
 him two children, Marshall M. and Martha M., twins, born June 4, 1890. Mr. 
 Purhen is engaged in farming, in connection with the manufacture of lumber. He 
 is a member of Marshfield Grange, No. 1113, P. of H. 
 
 John E. Feeligh was bom in Cattaraugus county, New York, April 22, 1841, 
 a son of Moses J. and Harriet (Boughton) Freligh. AVhen he was a child his parents 
 removed to Delaware county. New York, where his father worked at the mason's 
 trade, though devoting a portion of his attention to farming. John E. was reared 
 on a farm. His mother having died when he was quite young, he was taken by a 
 farmer of Delaware county, with whom he lived many years. After attaining his 
 majority, he purchased a farm in Broome county. New York, and three years later 
 went to Iowa, where he continued in agricultural pursuits. In 1876 he bought 
 eighty acres of land in Floyd county, Iowa, on which he lived up to 1887, when he 
 came to Elk township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased his present 
 homestead. On August 10, 1862, Mr. Freligh married Emma P. Howe, a daughter 
 of Israel and Hannah (Childs) Howe, of Broome county. New York, and has four 
 children, viz: Lillian E., wife of W. H. Brownell, of Elk township; Edgar E., John 
 Wilbur and Elsie M. Mrs. Freligh owns 100 acres of land a short distance from 
 their home, left her by her father. The homestead is nearly all cleared and im- 
 proved, making a very pleasant place of residence. In 1892 Mr. Freligh became 
 interested with his son, Edgar E., in the Star Washer, and purchased the rights 
 to sell the same in New York and Pennsylvania. A year later they purchased 
 eleven more States. In 1892 they began the manufacture of these machines at 
 Westfleld, which they carried on up to the spring of 1894, when they suspended 
 work and Mr. Freligh returned to the farm. The family are all charter members 
 of Marshfield Grange, No. 1113, P. of H. Mr. Freligh is also a member of St. 
 Charles Lodge, No. 442, F. & A. M., of Charles City, Iowa, and in politics, is an 
 ardent Eepublican. 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 973 
 
 EoBEHT Thompson, third son of Samuel and Rachel Thompson, was bom in 
 County Antrim, Ireland, December 33, 1853. His parents were Scotch-Irish, and 
 reared the following children: Jane, wife of Taylor Quade, a farmer residing near 
 BufPalo, New York; James, a tannery foreman at Limestone, New York; John, a 
 farmer of Green county, New York; Robert, of Leetonia; Rachel, who lives in 
 Canada, and Margaret, deceased. The mother died in Ireland, and her husband 
 subsequently came to the United States and settled on a farm near Kingston, 
 Ulster county. New York, in 1862, where he still resides. The subject of this 
 sketch came to the United States in 1871, and found employment in a tannery in 
 Gouldsboro, Pennsylvania, where he learned the tanner's trade. In 1871 he re- 
 moved to Leetonia, Tioga county, becoming an employe in the Cedar Run Tannery, 
 which began operations that year. He has been foreman of the tannery for the past 
 five years, and is one of the most thorough and practical men in the business. 
 On June 14, 1880, Mr. Thompson married Addie Merrills, a daughter of Clum and 
 Elizabeth Merrills, of Lycoming county, who has borne him seven children, viz: 
 James, Bffie, William, Nellie, Daisy, Robert and Olive. Mr. Thompson is the oldest 
 citizen in point of residence in Leetonia, and enjoys the respect and esteem of his 
 neighbors as well as the confidence of his employers. In politics, a Republican, he 
 has filled the office of postmaster of Leetonia, and has served nearly eight years 
 as school director. 
 
 SHIPPEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 John English was bom in County Monaghan, Ireland, June 9, 1809, a son of 
 James and Margaret (McConnis) English, of that place. He was a weaver, and 
 worked at that trade until 1835, when he immigrated to the United States and 
 found employment with Hezekiah Stowell, on Pine creek, in Shippen township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He worked for Mr. Stowell about six years, most of 
 the time in the grist-mill at what is now Ansonia. About 1841 he bought a farm 
 in Delmar township, located near Dvitch hollow, on which he settled the same year. 
 At that time the country was sparsely populated, and the lands were covered by the 
 original forest. He made the first clearing on his farm, and after a residence there 
 of four or five years his wife died, and he then sold out and bought a house and 
 lot in Wellsboro. He continued in agricultural pursuits in the vicinity of his fiisst 
 purchase for a few years, and then located on his father-in-law's farm in Delmar, on 
 which he lived up to 1864, when he purchased a farm in Shippen township, near 
 Delmar postoffice, where he possed the remaining years of his life, dying July 17, 
 1887. Mr. English followed farming steadily and persistently, but also engaged 
 to some extent in the lumber business. In 1873 he was awarded a contract for the 
 construction of a public road from Antrim to Morris, which is to-day one of the 
 best roads in Tioga county. He was a stanch Republican, and in religion, a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church. He served as supervisor of Shippen township 
 three years; school director nine years, and assessor two terms. Mr. English was 
 three times piarried. In 1833 he was married in Ireland to Catherine Glass, a 
 daughter of John Glass, who bore him eight children as follows: Eliza, widow of 
 Alonzo Ellis, of Westfield; Mary, deceased wife of Stephen English, of Lycoming 
 county; Sarah, deceased wife of Stephen Campbell, of the same county; James, 
 George, John, Richard and William, all of whom died before they reached the 
 
974 HISTOfiY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 age of ten years. Mrs. English died in April, 1846, and the following year he 
 married Letitia Kelsey, a daughter of Daniel and Eebecca (Merrick) Kelsey 
 of Delmar township. Eight children were born to this marriage, viz: Daniel and 
 Benjamin E., both deceased; Eugene S., of Shippen township; WilHs L., of Morris 
 township: John F., a resident of Shippen; Anna C, wife of Frank Watkins, of 
 Wellsboro; Mary L., a teacher in Shippen, and Grant, who has been adopted by 
 Robert Kelsey, of Wellsboro, and has talcen his name. Mrs. English died on June 
 13, 1870, dying as she had lived a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. About a year after her death Mr. English married his third wife, Mrs. 
 Eliza Stevens, of Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Eugene S. English, oldest living child of John and Letitia English, was bom 
 in Delmar township, Tioga county, January 3, 1853, and was educated in the com- 
 mon schools, and Wellsboro High School, later attending Cook Academy, at Havana, 
 New York, in which institution he spent three years. He earned money in lum- 
 bering and at farm work to use in completing his education. After his return from 
 school, he lived at home and cultivated the farm, caring for his parents and his in- 
 valid brother, John. At the death of his father he inherited tFe old homestead, and 
 has made farming his principal vocation. Mr. English is one of the progressive, en- 
 terprising farmers of Shippen, and owns one of the best improved farms in the town- 
 ship. On December 15, 1886, he married Rosetta M. Baldwin, a daughter of Vine 
 and Cynthia D. (Boyden) Baldwin, of Delmar township, and has one child, Lottie 
 M. Mr. English and wife are members of Shippen Baptist church, and also of 
 Middle Ridge Grange, No. 384, P. of H. In politics, he is a Republican, and has 
 filled the offices of supervisor, auditor, clerk and treasurer in Shippen township. 
 
 Joseph A. Darling was bom in Otsego county. New York, July 5, 1837. His 
 parents, Joshua and Robay (Millard) Darling, were originally from Rhode Island, 
 and settled in Otsego county. New York, at an early day, whence they came to 
 Shippen township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where they lived from 1850 to 
 1854. In the latter year they removed to Nebraska, and resided in that state until 
 their death. Joseph A. was reared in his native county, and worked with his father 
 at the carpenter's trade until he was eighteen years of age. In 1846 he came to 
 Shippen township, Tioga county, and found employment with Hezekiah Stowell, 
 mt)stly in lumber jobbing. On August 19, 1850, he married Helen M. Swope, a. 
 daughter of Abiather and Julia Anna (Sherman) Swope, of Shippen township, who 
 has borne him six children, as follows: Alice E., wife of Vine R. Pratt, of Reynolds- 
 ville, Jefferson county; Anna M., widow of Lafayette Wetherbee, of Shippen town- 
 ship; Walter C, a resident of Elk township; May J., who died January 33, 1863; 
 Joseph E., a resident of Gaines township, and Grace E. M., wife of Byron Ford, of 
 Shippen. About 1855 Mr. Darling purchased a farm on Pine creek, in Shippen 
 township, known as the Pine Grove farm, which he cleared and improved. He 
 lived there up to 1883, when he sold the property and bought 300 acres of land 
 on Darling run, in the south part of Shippen township. It was then covered by the 
 original forest, which Mr. Darling has since cleared off, erected commodious build- 
 ings, and otherwise improved the property. In 1890 he purchased 137 acres in the 
 southeast part of Shippen, known as the R. W. Wheeler farm, both of which he 
 still owns. During these years Mr. Darling has jobbed more or less in connection 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 975 
 
 with farm duties, and has been quite successful in his business ventures. In politics, 
 a Republican, he has served as a Justice of the peace for twenty years continuously, 
 and has also filled nearly all of the other township offices. He is a member of Mid- 
 dle Ridge Grange, No. 384, P. of H., of Delmar township, and has also been con- 
 nected with the I. 0. 0. F. Mr. and Mrs. Darling are members of the Presbyterian 
 church, and he is one of the progressive farmers of Shippen township. 
 
 HoKACE Broughton was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylva^ 
 nia, September 1, 1818, a son of Nathan and Sally (Walker) Broughton, who came 
 from Delaware county, New York, to Tioga county in 1817. He was reared upon 
 a farm and learned the blacksmith's trade, which occupation he followed the greater 
 part of his life. He also' acted as a lumber pilot on Pine creek, and was engaged 
 during the rafting season of each year in piloting lumber to the markets in central 
 Pennsylvania. He finally purchased a farm on Pine creek, in Shippen township, 
 Tioga county, where he resided until his death, July 5, 1893. His wife, Elizabeth, 
 was a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Greenleaf) Sly, of Shippen township. They 
 were married August 19, 1838, and were the parents of nine children, as follows: 
 Amelia, wife of Isaac Holmes, of Michigan; Maria, wife of Ambrose Dimmick, 
 of Shippen township; Juliet, wife of George Dimmick, of Shippen; Sarah E., 
 who died in infancy; Lucy, deceased wife of Edwin T. Everett, of Covington; 
 jplichard H., a resident of McKean county; Job R., of Westfield borough; Emmet W.,, 
 of Shippen township, and Rosabella, wife of Matthew Luxenberger, of McKean 
 county. Mrs. Broughton died on January 1, 1877, in her fifty-seventh year. Both 
 she and her husband were members of the Presbyteriaa church, of Ansonia, and 
 are buried in the cemetery at that place. In polities, Mr. Broughton was a Republi- 
 can, and filled the offices of supervisor, auditor, inspector and judge of election at 
 different periods. He was also connected with Tyoga Lodge, I. 0. 0. P., of Wells- 
 boro. 
 
 Emmet W. Beoughton, a son of Horace and Elizabeth Broughton, was born 
 on the homestead in Shippen township, Tioga county, November 8, 1858, and at- 
 tended the common schools of the district in boyhood. He has always lived upon 
 the old homestead, assisting his parents in the duties of the farm, which he took 
 charge of at his father's death. On September 34, 1882, he married Anna M. 
 Britting, a daughter of Conrad and Catherine (Wingerter) Britting, of Germania,. 
 Potter county, who has borne him one daughter, Ruth A. They also have reared 
 Maggie Pletcher, a niece of Mrs. Broughton, whose father, George Pletcher, lives- 
 in Galeton, Potter county. Politically, Mr. Broughton is a Republican, and has 
 served as township clerk, treasurer, inspector and clerk of election for many years. 
 
 Harris Daett was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, Februarj' 11,. 
 1830, a son of John and Betsey E. (Butler) Dartt, early settlers of that township. 
 He was reared upon the homestead farm, ajid attended the district school of his 
 neighborhood until old enough to earn his own living, when his father gave him 
 his time and he afterwards made his own way in life. He learned the carpenter's 
 trade, and worked at that business in connection with farming. Soon after attaining- 
 his majority, he purchased a farm on East hill, Delmar township, and eleai-ed a 
 portion of it. A few years later he sold it and purchased a tract of timber land in 
 the south part of Shippen township, which he sold about 1858 and bought 138" 
 
976 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 acres two miles westward, where his widow and son, John B., now reside. This 
 farm was at that time unimproved, and Mr. Dartt began at once the erection of 
 a log house, and devoted his energies toward clearing and improving the laud. 
 On September 30, 1860, he married Mary Caroline Wilcox, a daughter of William 
 and Lydia (Buekbee) Wilcox, of Delmar township, who bore him one son, John B. 
 Mr. Dartt enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylva- 
 nia Volunteers, February 4, 1864, and served in the Army of the Potomac. He was 
 taken sick with fever while on his way to the front, and was sent to the hospital at 
 Philadelphia. He later rejoined his regiment, but was again returned to the 
 hospital as unfit for duty, and was finally discharged, June 28, 1865. He returned 
 to his home in broken health, to resume the duties of the farm. In 1888 he re- 
 placed the old log house with a more modem structure, also erected better out- 
 buildings, and continued to reside on this farm up to his death, December 28, 1895. 
 In politics, he was a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the First Baptist 
 church, of Shippen township, to which his widow also belongs. He served as school 
 director nine years, also as collector, judge of election, etc. He was a member of 
 Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. K., of Wellsboro, and one of the respected citizens of the 
 community. 
 
 John B. Daett was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, January 24, 
 1863, and is the only child of Harris and Mary C. Dartt. He has spent his entire^ 
 life on the homestead farm, which he took charge of at his father's death. On 
 July 2, 1889, he married Lillian Wilcox, a daughter of Deimis and Sarah (Wilson) 
 Wilcox, of Delmar township, and has two children, Nora and Harvey. Mrs. Dartt 
 is a member of the First Baptist church of Shippen, and in politics, the family ad- 
 here to the Eepublican party. 
 
 Elihu J. DoET, originally spelled "Dartt," was bom in Delmar township, Tioga 
 county, January 15, 1832, a son of John and Betsey E. (Fuller) Dariit, early settlers 
 of that township. Before attaining his majority he learned the blacksmith's trade, 
 which business he has followed more or less in connection with agriculture About 
 1862 he purchased an unimproved tract of 104 acres, in the south part of Shippen 
 township, on which he now resides. There was no settlement in that part of the 
 township at that time, and Mr. Dort was obliged to travel three miles through 
 the woods every night and morning while engaged in clearing a place for his dwell- 
 ing and in erecting the same. By rigid industry he gradually cleared ofE the dense 
 forest, year by year, and has lived to see that section thickly settled and converted 
 into productive farms. On January 1, 1858, he married Aurilla Sherman, a 
 daughter of Tile and Lurinda (Babcock) Sherman, of Shippen township, who has 
 borne him three children, viz: Lurinda G., wife of Daniel L. Plumley, of Shippen; 
 Frankie E., wife of Darius Plumley, of the same township, and Porter J. Mr. Dort 
 enlisted in Battery D, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, September 15, 1864, 
 and was under Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley until January 1, 1865. The 
 battery was then sent to winter quarters at Maryland Heights, and the following 
 April to Arlington Heights, and was finally discharged in June, 1865, when Mr. 
 Dort retumed to his home in Shippen and resumed work on the farm, to which he 
 has since given his principal attention, but has also kept a blacksmith shop for his 
 own convenience, as well as for the accommodation of his neighbors. In politics, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 977 
 
 a Eepublican, he has served as school director and assessor of Shippen. He is a 
 member of George Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. K. of "Wellsboro. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Dort are members of the Free Baptist church, at Kennedy, Delmaj township. 
 
 PoBTEK J. DoKT, joungest child ajad only son of Elihu J. Dort, was born on 
 the homestead in Shippen township, attended the common schools of the district, 
 and learned the blacksmith's trade with his father, at which he has worked in the 
 lumber woods to a considerable extent. On February 33, 1893, he married Laveme 
 6. Townsend, a daughter of Edward and Jennie (Hastings) Townsend, of Tia- 
 daghton, Tioga county. She was a native of Eau Claire county, Wisconsin, where 
 she was bom July 36, 1874. Mrs. Dort died March 30, 1894. In politics, Mr. Dort 
 is a Eepublican. 
 
 Benjamin E. Knowlton, eldest son of Timothy Knowlton, was born in Sulli- 
 van township, Tioga county, December 6, 1833, and remained with his parents until 
 his majority. He afterwards worked in different portions of the county as a farm 
 hand for a few years. On September 10, 1845, he married Lydia Ames, of Sulli- 
 van township, and in November removed to Lake county, Illinois, where he pur- 
 chased a farm on which he lived up to 1850. He then returned to Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, and bought a part of the old homestead, which he cultivated in 
 partnership with his brother, Andrew J., until 1863. In that yeax he sold his in- 
 terest in the homestead farm and purchased 150 acres in the south part of Shippen 
 township, which at that time contained little or no improvements. He has since 
 cleared and improved the property, erected a modern residence, substantial out- 
 buildings, and reared a large family, being to-day one of the pioneer landmarks of 
 Shippen township. Mrs. Knowlton was bom November 15, 1830, in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, and is the mother of eight children, as follows: George 0. and 
 Leander A., of Shippen township; Phoebe A., wife of Abram M. Sherman, of 
 Shippen; Eugene F., of Delmar; Herbert A., of Clymer; Lydia J., wife of Eev. 
 William J. Playfoot, a Baptist minister; Julian P., of Shippen, and Frank H., who 
 lives with his parents. Mr. Knowlton is an ardent Democrat, and has served as 
 supervisor, school director and treasurer in Shippen township. His sqns, Leander 
 and Frank, carry on the old homestead farm, and thus assist their parents in their 
 declining years. 
 
 Samuel Scbanton was bom in Schoharie county. New York, September 37, 
 1830, a son of Lyman and Elizabeth (Cronkrite) Scranton. He attended the common 
 schools of his native county, and removed with his parents to Bradford county, 
 Pennsylvania, thence to Ealston, Lycoming county. About 1835 they located in 
 Blossburg, Tioga county, where the father engaged in jobljing, clearing land and 
 limbering. Samuel worked with his father until his majority, and then settled in 
 Union township, Tioga county. From 1844 to 1849 he lived at Tiadaghton, where 
 he was employed by Wilcox & Eobinson, of Wellsboro. He then moved to Stony 
 Fork, in Delmar township, where he had purchased a tract of land, and lived there 
 up to 1864, in which year he removed to Marsh creek, near the Shippen line. Two 
 years later he purchased 300 acres in Shippen township, on which he has lived up to 
 the present. He followed the lumber business in connection with farming up to a 
 few years ago, but now devotes his entire attention to agriculture. On October 15, 
 1843, Mr. Scranton married Almira A. Wheeler, a daughter of Joseph B. and Laura 
 
 62 
 
g-^g * HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 M. (Smith) Wheeler, of Delmaa- township. Seven children have been bom to this 
 marriage, as follows: George M., of Shippen; Lauretta, wife of Amasa Gee, of Del- 
 mar; Arthur J., deceased; Stephen S., and Chester L., both residents of Shippen; 
 Anna M., wife of Charles L. Baker, of the same township, and Mary I., deceased. 
 Politically, Mr. Scranton is a Republican, and has served as supervisor of Shippen 
 two terms. He is a member of Shippen Grange, No. 903, P. of H., and is also 
 an adherent of the Free Baptist church. 
 
 Geohge M. Sceanton, eldest son of Samuel Scranton, was bom in Delmar town- 
 ship, Tioga county, July 20, 1844; was educated in the common schools, and remained 
 with his parents on the homestead until after his majority. On July 4, 187!J, he 
 married Eebecca E. Campbell, a daughter of King Jerome Campbell, of Delmar, 
 to which union have been born three sons: Arthur L., Walter L., and Samuel J. 
 For several years Mr. Scranton worked at different places. In 1875 he purchased 
 a tract of land on Maxsh creek, in Delmar township, and lived upon it seven years. 
 He then sold it and purchased an improved farm in Shippen, where he has since 
 resided. In 1881 he was elected constable and collector of Shippen and has held 
 these offices continuously up to the present. He is a member of Shippen Grange, 
 No. 902, P. of H., of Ansonia, and both he and wife are members of the Free Baptist 
 church. 
 
 Stephen S. Sgeanton, second son of Samuel Scranton, was bom in Delmar 
 township August 1, 1850. On April 6, 1891, he married Jennie Hunt, a daughter 
 of William E. Hunt, of Delmar, and has one child: Lyman H. Mr. Scranton owns 
 a part of the old homestead, where he now resides. In politics, a Eepublican, he 
 has been constable and collector, and also supervisor and inspector of elections. 
 
 Chestee L. Sgeanton, youngest son of Samuel Scranton, was bom in Delmar 
 township, January 4, 1854, and lived with his parents until his marriage. He 
 owns a part of the old homestead on which he now resides. On October 38, 1880, 
 he married Luella E. Holiday, a daughter of Delos Holiday, of Delmar, and has 
 two children: Homer L. and Benjamin M. Mr. Scranton has been connected 
 with the lumbering interests more or less since boyhood, and has also worked at 
 blacksmithing and farming. In politics, a Eepublican, he has been supervisor and 
 inspector of elections in Shippen township. 
 
 William C. Eeyman was born in Pike county, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1833, 
 a son of Jacob and Eachel (Empson) Eeyman. In 1834 his parents removed to Brad- 
 ford county and settled in Eidgebury township, where William C. grew to manhood. 
 He remained with his parents until their decease. His father died November 9, 
 1853, and his mother, October 14, 1854. He then lived on Bentley creek, in Ridge- 
 bury township, where he worked at the shoemaker's trade up to 1866, in which year 
 he removed to Shippen township, Tioga county, and settled on Marsh creek. He 
 worked in the lumber woods and jobbed at lumbering until 1881, when he bought 
 a small farm on Darling run, in Shippen township, cleared it and erected substantial 
 buildings. He has since given his attention to the cultivation and improvement of 
 his farm. On July 3, 1863, Mr. Eeyman married Hattie A. Campbell, a daughter 
 of King J. and Charlotte (Peterson) Campbell, of Delmar township, who has home 
 him two children, viz: Marian D., wife of J. Munson, of Troupsburg, New York, 
 and William J., of Shippen township. Mr. and Mrs. Eeyman are members of 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 979 
 
 Dexter Methodist Episcopal church, of Delmax township, and in politics, he is a 
 Republican. 
 
 William J. Eeyman, only son of William C. Eeyman, was born in Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, January 25, 1868, and received a common school education. 
 He hved with his parents until twenty-two years of age, during which time he 
 worked away from home at different periods. On December 24, 1889, he married 
 Jenaie L. Lockwood, a daughter of Charles C. and Carrie A. (Snyder) Lockwood, of 
 Sullivan county, New York, who has borne him one child. Hazel. In May, 1890, 
 he removed to Leetonia, Elk township, and was employed in the tannery at that 
 place up to November, 1895. He then located on a farm in Shippen township, which 
 he had purchased the preceding April, and has since been engaged in farming. 
 He is a member of Middle Bidge Grange, No. 384, P. of H., of Delmai township, and 
 in politics, is an adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Chauncey Bakes was bom in Otsego county. New York, February 12, 1817, 
 a son of George and Susan (Nott) Baker. He was reared on a farm, and September 
 22, 1838, married Abbie Marshall, a daughter of George and Lueretia (Marinus) 
 Marshall. To this union were bom fourteen children, thirteen of whom are living 
 and heads of families. Their names are as follows: Eliza L., wife of Edward 
 Eeese, of Clymer township; Henry, of Westfield township; Erastus, of Chenango 
 county. New York; George, of Bainbridge, New York; Jonathan 0., of North 
 Clarendon, Pennsylvania; S. Harvey, of Knoxville, Tioga county; James N., a res- 
 ident of Otsego county. New York; Susan L., wife of E. B. Bradley, of Shippen town- 
 ship; Mary J., wife of Warner Thayer, of Otsego county. New York; Charles L., of 
 Shippen township; Elizabeth A., wife of Chester Schoonover, of Clymer township; 
 Alfred E., of Otsego county, New York; Albert C, deceased, and Augustus B., of 
 Steuben county. New York. In 1856 Mr. Baker and family came from Chenango 
 county. New York, to Knoxville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he has lived 
 the greater portion of the time for the past forty years. His business has been 
 principally that of an agent, dealing in horses, mules, patent rights, etc. He repre- 
 sented Nathan Stockwell, of Broome county. New York, at the Centennial Exhibi- 
 tion, held at Philadelphia in 1876, having charge of several exhibits. Mrs. Baker 
 died March 19, 1865, and in 1867, he married Lucy Green, widow of Daniel Green, 
 of Osceola. She died^in September, 1890, at their home near Knoxville. Mr. Baker 
 now lives with his daughter, Mrs. Schoonover, in Clymer township. 
 
 Charles L. Bakeb, a son of Chauncey and Abbie Baker, was bom in Knox- 
 ville, Tioga county, April 3, 1856, and attended the common schools of his native 
 place. At the age of fifteen years he came to Shippen township and found employ- 
 ment in the lumber camps of Samuel Scranton, with whom he remained several years. 
 From 1876 to 1884 he was employed by Erastus P. Deane, and his son, Darius L. 
 Deane, of Wellsboro> surveyors, assisting them in surve}'ing the lands of Phelps, 
 Dodge & Company, in Shippen and adjoining townships, also in surveying the 
 Bingham lands. About 1880 he purchased 117 acres on Marsh creek, in Shippen 
 township, one mile east of Ansonia, to which he added 113 acres by purchase in 
 May, 1892, making in all 230 acres, much of which he has cleared and improved. 
 On July 18, 1875, Mr. Baker married Anna M. Scranton, a daughter of Samuel and 
 Almira A. Scranton, of Shippen township. Three children have been born to this 
 
980 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 union, viz: Homer L., Clarence L. and Stephen C. Homer L. died March 38, 
 1882. Mr. Baker and wife are members of Shippen Grange, No. 903, P. of H., and 
 he has served as school director of his district. 
 
 Thomas L. Woodruff, a son of Morgan M. and Elsie E. Woodruff, was bom 
 in Spencer, Tioga county. New York, December 14, 1833. His parents removed 
 to Chemung county when he was a youth, and he lived at home on his father's farm 
 until the death of his mother, October 38, 1850. About 1855 he went to Nemaha 
 county, Kansas, where he pre-empted a timber claim of eighty acres. Eighteen 
 months later he returned to Chemung county. New York, whence he removed to 
 Bradford county, Pennsylvania, and opened a store at Eidgebury. He also pur- 
 chased a farm there, and resided upon it up to 1873, when he sold out and bought 
 300 acres of land in Shippen township, Tioga county, about four miles northwest 
 of Ansonia. He cleared up a part of this land and otherwise improved it. Six 
 years later he sold the property and purchased a third interest in 3,100 acres of 
 the Babcock estate, on Long run, in Gaines township, retaining a mortgage on his 
 first farm. Subsequently he sold his interest in the Babcock lands to Silas X. 
 Billings and bought back his former home in Shippen township. He has bought 
 and sold several farms in this vicinity, and is now the owner of three farms aggre- 
 gating 334 acres. Mr. Woodruff is a prudent, successful business man, energetic 
 and enterprising in whatever he undertakes, and is recognized as one of the sub- 
 stantial citizens of the township. On February 30, 1861, he married Sarah A. 
 Eichardson, a daughter of Jacob and Caroline (Merritt) Eichardson, of Chemung 
 county. New York. The following children were bom to this marriage: Laura, 
 wife of Eush Culver, United States land agent at Marquette, Michigan; Nellie, 
 wife of Melvin Swope, of Shippen township; William M., deceased; Alvinza, who 
 lives on the homestead farm, and Lafayette, a resident of Chemung county, New 
 York. Mr. Woodruff is a Eepublica.n, and has filled the offices of supervisor, auditor, 
 school director and clerk. He is a member of Tyadaghton Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 
 0. P., of Gaines. 
 
 Asa Wakeiner was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, September 28, 
 1842, a son of William L. and Naomi (Chase) Warriner, of that township. He 
 obtained a common school education, and worked at the carpenter's trade with his 
 father during his boyhood days. At the age of sixteen he began working in the 
 lumber woods on Pine creek and vicinity, which he followed until the breaking 
 out of the Eebellion. On July 34, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Sixth Penn- 
 sylvania Beserve, and served with his regiment until July, 1862, when he was trans- 
 ferred to Battery A, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery. His command was a part 
 of the Army of the Potomac until July, 1863, when the battery was sent to Norfolk, 
 Virginia. About June, 1864, it Joined the Army of the James, at Bermuda Front. 
 Mr. Warriner was wounded October 27, 1864, at Fair Oaks, receiving a gunshot 
 in the left leg, and was sent to Hampton General Hospital. He was discharged 
 from the hospital May 30, 1865, and returned to his home in Tioga county. On 
 March 14, 1866, he married Josephine Hoadley, a daughter of William J. and 
 Eleanor M. (Wheeler) Hoadley, of Delmar township, and has two daughters: 
 Edith D., wife of Arthur E. Hawk, of Shippen, and Ina M., wife of Clarence B. 
 Bradley, of the same township. In April, 1875, Mr. Warriner purchased sixty- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. * 981 
 
 four acres of land on Marsh creek in Shippen township, and has since given his 
 attention to its improvement and cultivation. In politics, a Eepubliean, he has 
 served as township assessor two terms. He is a charter member of George Cook 
 Post, No. 315, Gr. A. R., of Wellsboro; is a member of Shippen Grange, No. 902, P. 
 of H., of Ansonia; also ofWashington Camp, No. 640, P. 0. S. of A., and of Mom- 
 ing Dawn Lodge, No. 61, 1. 0. G. T., both of Marsh Creek. 
 
 HoKACE BuTLEE, a native of Massachusetts, was a son of Joseph and Hannah 
 (Cross) Butler, of that State. He learned the carpenter's trade in early manhood, 
 but later gave it up and devoted his attention to farming and lumbering. On June 
 34, 1837, he married Polly Ferry, a daughter of John and Polly (Cross) Ferry, 'of 
 Massachusetts, who bore him seven children, viz: Ira F., Charles, Daniel, Edward 
 H., James M., deceased; Nelson, and Hiram, deceased. In 1855 Mr. Butler and 
 family came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm in Delmar town- 
 ship. He lived there until April, 1875, when he sold his property and went to 
 North Carolina. He bought a farm in that State, upon which he resided up to 
 Ms death, February 16, 1876. Mrs. Butler returned to Tioga county, and subse- 
 quently purchased a home in Delmar township, where she lived until 1890. She 
 then took up her residence with her son, Edward H., of Shippen township, and 
 died March 17, 1894. 
 
 Edwaed H. Btjtlee was bom in Munson township, Hampden countv, Massa- 
 chusetts, September 17, 1843, a son of Horace and Polly Butler, and was eleven 
 years old when his parents settled in Delmar township, Tioga county. He was 
 reared upon the homestead, and assisted his father on the farm and in the lumber 
 woods until he was twenty-five years old. He has since been largely connected with 
 the lumber interest, working in the woods during the fall and winter seasons up 
 to within a few years. On April 25, 1868, he married Laura E. Hoadley, a daugh- 
 ter of William J. and Eleanor M. (Wheeler) Hoadley, of Delmar township, who 
 has borne him four sons, viz: Leon M., Clayton W., Leverne J., and Ivan E. They 
 have also an adopted daughter, Mary E. Mr. Butler purchased a farm in Delmar 
 township near Stony Fork, and later a farm on Stony Fork creek, in the same town- 
 ship. In 1876 he sold his Delmar property and bought a farm on Marsh creek, at 
 the mouth of Asaph run, in Shippen township. This he sold in 1885 and pur- 
 chased his present homestead, in the same vicinity. He has improved several 
 farms, erected buildings, and has spent his entire life in farming and lumbering. 
 Politically, he is a Eepubliean, and has served as township supervisor five years. 
 
 James D. Webstee, son of Allen and Thanks (Norton) Webster, was bom 
 May 34, 1834, in Sullivan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where his parents 
 had settled, and he was there reared to manhood. He lived on the homestead farm 
 until his majority, and for the five succeeding years worked for Elliot S. Rose, of 
 Sullivan township. About 1861 he purchased a farm near Mainesburg, on which 
 he lived up to 1865, when he sold out and engaged in the grocery business in Mans- 
 field, which he continued to follow some eight years. In March, 1876, he bought 
 a tract of eighty-four acres of timber land in the south part of Shippen township, 
 on which he settled. With the assistance of his sons, Mr. -Webster has cleared 
 nearly the whole tract, erected substantial buildings, and otherwise improved the 
 farm. He has been twice married. On March 13, 1861, he married Mary Matteson, 
 
982 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a daughter of Solomon and Adaline (McFeal) Matteson, of Dundee, Yates county, 
 New York. She bore him two children, viz: Judd Lew, of Shippen, and Merwin 
 M., who lives with his father. Mrs. Webster died May 21, 1868, and was interred 
 in the Mansfield cemetery. On April 2, 1871, he married Permelia E. Perry, a 
 daughter of Marvin and Laura (Gaylord) Perry, of Eichmond township. Three 
 children were bom to this marriage, as follows: "Walter M., Mary, who died at the 
 age of four, and Allen J. Both the sons live on the homestead farm. Mr. Webster 
 was connected with the lumber business to a considerable extent from 1876 to 1886, 
 not only in marketing the timber from his own land, but in jobbing. Since the 
 latter year he has given his attention to the improvement of his farm. He is a 
 charter member of Mansfield Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and also of the I. 0. G. T. Since 
 early manhood he has been a member of the Close Communion Baptist church, 
 and is a deacon in the Shippen society. 
 
 Judd Lew Webster was born in Sullivan township, Tioga county, June 9, 
 1862, and is the eldest son of James D. Webster. In 1879 he was employed by the 
 Pennsylvania Joint Land and Lumber Company, of Williamsport, and went to 
 Telfair county, Georgia, where he was engaged in lumbering six months. About 
 1884 he purchased a farm adjoining his father's, which he has since cleared and 
 improved. He has also jobbed in lumber more or less in the vicinity of Pine creek. 
 On December 2, 1891, he married Clara Miller, a daughter of Lorenzo and Phoebe 
 (Knowlton) Miller, of Delmar township, and the following year located on his 
 farm. They are the parents of two children, Ola A. and Glenn D. Mr. Webster is 
 a member of Castle, No. 23, K. of G. E., of Stony Fork, and is one of the enterprising 
 farmers of Shippen township. 
 
 Jerry C. Darling, a son of Henry and Margaret (Backus) Darling, residents 
 of Covington township, Tioga county, was bom in Delmar township, Tioga county, 
 May 9, 1866. When he was ten years old his parents moved to Shippen township, 
 where he attended the common schools of the district in which they lived. After 
 attaining his majority he learned the carpenter's trade, and worked at that busi- 
 ness some four years. On April 4, 1889, he married Annie E. Copp, a daughter of 
 D. L. and Sabrina (Brewster) Copp, of Shippen township, who has borne him two 
 children, viz: Florence A., born June 21, 1892, and Mabel A., March 11, 1895, the 
 latter deceased. After working on a farm in Shippen township for one year, he, 
 in 1891, located on his father's farm, on Darling ran. He was also engaged in 
 manufacturing lumber with a portable mill for some time. Txl September, 1895, 
 he purchased a half interest in a farm of 127 acres, located in the northeast comer 
 of Shippen township, known as the E. W. Wheeler farm, which is a well-improved 
 property. Mr. Darling lives upon and cultivates this farm. He and wife are mem- 
 bers of Dexter Methodist Episcopal church, of Delmar township. 
 
 James C. Hamilton was born in Holtown township, Penobscot county, Maine, 
 December 25, 1847, a son of George and Eoxanna (Farewell) Hamilton, of the same 
 county. In 1866 he went to Cameron county, Pennsylvania, where he worked 
 until the spring of 1867 and then came to Tioga county and found employment 
 with Perry Smith, at that time a resident of Gaines township, and quite an ex- 
 tensive lumberman. The subject of this sketch worked in Potter, Tioga and Ly- 
 coming counties for Mr. Smith up to his marriage, which occurred on January 1, 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 9g3 
 
 1870, to Susan N. Smith, a daughter of Perry and Louisa (Else) Smith. Five chiU 
 dren were bom to this marriage, viz: Sadie L., wife of Samuel Gee, of Shippesu 
 township; George F., Lydia, Alma and Joseph J. For several years Mr. Hamilton 
 hved on Cedar run, near Leetonia, in Elk township, where he was employed in 
 jobbing. In 1875-76 he was prospecting in Texas, and in 1877 came to Shippen 
 township and purchased a farm on Marsh creek, near Ansonia, where the family 
 has since resided. Mr. Hamilton has cleared and improved the property, by the 
 erection of a residence and out-buildings. In 1884 he went to Oregon, leaving his 
 family on the farm, with a view of settling in that state. He remained in Oregon 
 three years and a half, working in the lumber woods most of the time, aind became 
 such an expert in driving oxen, which were the practical teams used, that he readily 
 commanded large wages. Since 1888 he has devoted his attention to cultivating his 
 farm during the summer seasons, and has lumbered in the winter time. In politics, 
 he is a Eepublican, and has filled nearly every office in the township, being at present 
 supervisor. He is a member of Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M., of Westfield, ' 
 and of Shippen Grange, No. 903, P. of H., of Ansonia, in both of which he takes an 
 active interest. 
 
 William G. Mason" was bom in Hamden, Delaware county, New York, April 
 30, 1838, a son of William and Nancy (Harrower) Mason, of the same county. His 
 father was a farmer, and died the day after the birth of our subject, who lived with his 
 mother until his majority. He then went to Colchester, Delaware county, where he 
 married Charlotte Bradley, a daughter of Elijah and Catherine (Williams) Bradley, 
 of the same county. Eight children were bom to this union, as follows: Nancy, de- 
 ceased; William, a resident of Cammal, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, who has 
 charge of the track work on the Black Forest railroad; Catherine, deceased wife 
 of Leander Griswold; Edwin H., of Shippen tovmship; Ida S., deceased; Charles 
 A., of Shippen township; Mary A., deceased, and Phoebe A., wife of Wilbiir Butler, 
 of Shippen. At an early age the subject of this sketch learned the carpenter's 
 trade, which busings he has followed a portion of his time. Before coming to 
 Tioga coimty he was engaged in lumbering, taking the timber from the stump, 
 through the different processes of manufacture, and converting it into dwellings. 
 About 1848 he bought a farm in Colchester, containing a saw-mill, which he operated 
 until 1854, when he sold the property and removed to Lindley, Steuben county. 
 He purchased a farm and saw-mill in that county, which he conducted success- 
 fully up to 1877, in which year he sold out and settled in Shippen township, Tioga 
 county, purchasing a farm on Marsh creek, near the mouth of Asaph run. He 
 cleared and improved this property, but sold it in 1893 and removed to Wellsboro, 
 purchasing five dwelling houses, and a small tract of land. He lived there up to 
 March, 1896, when he rented his property in Wellsboro and retumed to Shippen 
 township. On September 30, 1861, Mr. Mason enlisted in Company F, First New 
 York Light Artillery, which was attached to the Army of the Potomac. He re- 
 enlisted November 19, 1863, and was honorably discharged June 30, 1865, being mus- 
 tered out of service at Elmira, New York. Mr. Mason is a member of George Cook 
 Post, No. 315, G. A. E., also of Encampment, No. 105, U. V. L., of Wellsboro. Both 
 he and wife are charter members of Shippen Grange, No. 903, P. of H., and are 
 
984 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 also connected with "WellslDoro Grange, by transfer. They are members of the Free 
 Baptist church, and in politics, Mr. Mason is a EepubUcan. 
 
 Pbtee W. Bkadley was bom in Colchester, Delaware county, New York, June 
 7, 1834, a son of EUjah and Catherine (Williams) Bradley, of that county. He as- 
 sisted his father on the farm until he was twenty-two years of age. In September, 
 1856, he married Maria Eowe, a daughter of Samuel and Emily (Seudder) Kowe, 
 of Delaware county, New York, who bore him one child that died in infancy. Mrs. 
 Bradley died in September, 1857, and on October 20, 1859, he married Calista M. 
 Tilford, a daughter of Daniel Tilford, of Delaware county. Six children were 
 born to this maixiage, viz: Lomsa M. and Charles S., both deceased; Augusta A., 
 wife of Coleman Chaffee, of Pemberville, Ohio; Clarence B., of Shippen town- 
 ship; Mailon H., deceased, and Florence E., wife of Daniel Douglass, of Shippen. 
 Mrs. Bradley died November 9, 1877, and he was again married August 17, 1881, 
 to Angelirie Purman, a daughter of Coleman and Mary J. Purman, of Shippen 
 township, who bore him one daughter, Bessie L., and died in November, 1889. 
 About 1879 Mr. Bradley came to Tioga county and purchased a farm in Shippen 
 township, on which Zura Baker now lives. Here he resided up to 1885, when he sold 
 it and purchased sixty-three acres on the east side of Marsh creek, which he has 
 suice made his home, having cleared the land and erected substantial buildings. 
 On September 10, 1863, Mr. Bradley enlisted in Company C, Ninety-sevfnth New 
 York Volunteers, which belonged to the Army of the Potomac. He participated 
 in the battles of Bristoe Station, Mine Eun, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North 
 Anna, Cold Harbor, White Oak Swamp, and the assault on Petersburg, June 15 to 
 19, 1864. Here he was wounded by a minie-ball through the left foot and was sent 
 to Lincoln Hospital, Washiagton, D. C, and finally discharged on July 9, 1865. 
 In polities, a Eepubliean, he has served as township supervisor. He is a member of 
 Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. E., of Wellsboro, and also of Shippen Grange, No. 903, 
 P. of H., of Ansonia. 
 
 Elbkidgb J. Bradley was born ta Colchester, New York,.June 4, 1857, a son 
 of Isaac and Phoebe (Eyant) Bradley, of Delaware county. When he was two years 
 old his father died, and he then went to live with his uncle, Peter W. Bradley, of Col- 
 chester township, Delaware county, with whom he remained until he was eighteen 
 years of age, in the meantime removing to Sullivan county. New York, about 1867, 
 with the family. Leaving his uncle's home, he lived about a yeax in Colchester, and 
 then went to Onondaga county, where he learned the carpenter's trade. He 
 worked at that business in Onondaga and Delaware counties up to 1879, ia which 
 year he came to Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he continued 
 working at his trade. On June 2, 1881, he married Helen Cady, a daughter of Porter 
 and Catherine (Paddock) Cady, of Chatham township, who has borne him one son, 
 Linn N. In 1883 he purchased a farm on Marsh creek, in Shippen township, one 
 mile east of Ansonia, on which he settled soon after. He cleared and improved this 
 property, and has since cultivated the farm, while at the same time he devotes 
 considerable attention to his trade. In April, 1895, he leased aad took charge of 
 the hotel at Ansonia, owned by the Pennsylvania Joint Land and Lumber Com- 
 pany, of Williamsport, which he has conducted up to the present. Mr. Bradley is a 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 985 
 
 stanch KepuWiean, and was elected township auditor in February, 1896. He is 
 also a memher of the P. 0. S. of A. 
 
 Benjamin F. Wheelee was bom in East Hamburg, now Orchard Park, Erie 
 county, New York, July 3, 1834, a son of Joseph B. and Laura M. (Smith) Wheeler, 
 of Hamburg township, Erie county. In the autumn of 1836 his parents removed 
 to Seely Creek, New York, where they lived for six years, and then removed to 
 Oregon HUl, Lycoming coimty, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1860, after the death 
 of his mother, on February 8, of that year, his father came to Delmar township, 
 Tioga county, and purchased a farm near Stony Fork. He was a carpenter, and 
 followed his trade in connection with farming. Benjamin F. was in his sixteenth 
 year when they came to Delmar, and he made his home with Samuel Scranton, 
 his brother-in-law, until 1853. In that year he went to Lynn county, Iowa, where 
 he worked at the carpenter's trade until 1855 and then returned to Stony Fork, 
 Tioga county, where he was married, January 11, 1856, to Lucy A. Warriner, a 
 daughter of William L. and Naomi (Chase) Warriner, of Delmar township. Five 
 children have been bom to this marriage, viz: Willis F., of Washington; Martha 
 A., wife of William Francis; of Morris, Tioga coiuity; Metta E., wife of Walter 
 S. Brooks, of Wellsboro; Eva M., wife of Frank L. Beauge, of Landrus, and Maggie 
 E., who died in early youth. Mr. Wheeler bought a farm at Stony Pork, on which 
 he lived until 1886, also working at the millwright's trade during this period. In 
 1886 he removed to Wellsboro, lived there up to 1891, and, after a three months' resi- 
 dence in Petersburg, Virginia, purchased a home on Marsh creek, in Shippen 
 township, where he is now enjoying the fruits of his industry. In politics, a Repub- 
 hcan, he has served as assessor, constable and collector. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler 
 are members of Morning Dawn Lodge, No. 61, I. 0. G. T., of Marsh Creek, with 
 which order they have been connected since 1887. 
 
 Eli Bartle, a son of Jacob C. and Eunice (Bacon) Bartle, and grandson of 
 Augustus Bartle, Who settled in Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1841, was bom in Brown township, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, September 13, 
 1854. When he was two years old his parents located near Stony Fork, in Delmar 
 township, where he grew to maturity. He obtained his education in the common 
 schools and at Wellsboro Academy, and lived at home, assisting in the grist-mill 
 and on the farm, until he was twenty-six years of age. He also learned the car- 
 penter's trade, and about 1880 found employment in HoytviUe, Morris township, 
 where he worked two years. Eetuming to Delmar, he purchased a home in Stony 
 Pork, and followed the carpenter's trade up to 1886, in which year he settled on his 
 father's farm in Delmar and devoted his attention to agriculture. Two years later 
 he purchased an improved farm of 100 acres in Shippen township, which has since 
 been his home. Mr. Bartle was married September 14, 1881, to Clara A. Frost, a 
 daughter of Ashabel and Adeline (Morseman) Frost, of Charleston township, and 
 has two children, Charles L. and Edith C. Though Mr. Bartle devotes his principal 
 attention to farming, he occasionally works at his trade, and also does wagon and 
 sled repairing. In politics, he is a Republican, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. 
 Lodge, of Stony Fork. 
 
 Alexandee Ebeeenz was bom in Baden, Germany, December 30, 1848, and 
 is a son of Ferdinand Eberenz, now a resident of Delmar township, Tioga county. 
 
986 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a sketch of whom will be foimd in this work. He came to Tioga county with his 
 mother in early childhood, and was reared in Delmar township, where he also 
 attended the common schools. When about fifteen years of age he began working 
 ia Hezekiah StoweU's saw-mill, on Pine creek, where he found employment two 
 years. At the age of eighteen he purchased fifty acres of timber land in Delmar 
 township, and began clearing off the forest. He sold this property a few years later 
 to Loron Nobles, and bought fifty acres in the same township, with thirty acres 
 cleared, on which he erected good buildings. He also owned a farm of forty acres 
 near Wellsboro, which he paid for out of his own earnings. By the sale of these 
 two farms he was able to pay for the last purchase, iucluding the improvements, on 
 which he lived about eleven years. He worked at the carpenter's trade occasionally, 
 but devoted his principal attention to farming. In 1889, after a tour through Mary- 
 land, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Delaware, he purchased a farm near 
 the mouth of Asaph run, erected a house and other buildings and lived there up to 
 the autumn of 1894, when he sold the property, but has since resided in the same 
 neighborhood. For the past seven years he has been in the employ of Edwin 
 Matson & Son, lumber manufacturers and dealers, as general utility man, looking 
 after the camps, etc. On April 10, 1878, he married Alma Jane Campbell, a daugh- 
 ter of King Jerome and Charlotte (Peterson) Campbell, of Delmar township, who 
 has borne him two children, viz: Hattie Jane, who died on July 30, 1895, and Ethel 
 May. Mr. Eberenz is a member of Tyadaghton Lodge, No. 981, I. 0. 0. F., and 
 of Asaph Tent, No. 183, K. 0. T. M., of Shippen township. Politically, he is a 
 stanch Eepublican. 
 
 Cheney C. Maynaed, a son of Orville A. and Emily (Gardner) Maynard, was 
 bom in Covington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1860. When 
 he was a child his parents removed to a farm near Canoe Camp, in Eichmond town- 
 ship, where they resided a few years and then located near Mainesburg, in Sullivan 
 township. Cheney C. attended the public schools in Eichmond and Sullivan, and 
 assisted his parents on the farm. His mother died when he was about 
 fifteen years old, and he was then thrown upon his own resources and 
 began working out as a farm hand. On January 1, 1883, he married 
 Anna B. Webster, a daughter of Philander and Mary (Eockwell) Webster, of SulUvan 
 township. Six children have been bom to them, as follows: Hobart, Howard, 
 Joseph, Julia, Damie and Homer, all of whom are living at home. In 1884 Mr. 
 Maynard located upon his wife's farm in Sullivan township, which they sold 
 two years later and purchased a farm at Mainesburg, upon which they lived until 
 1889. In that year they sold this property and bought 105 acres in Shippen town- 
 ship, on which they have since lived. Mr. Maynard has given his attention to 
 farming and the handling of produce. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and with his 
 wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. He was also a member of the I. 0. 
 0. F. at Mainesburg. 
 
CHAPTEE LXIIL 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Tioga Township and Boeough — Lawrence Township and Lawbenceville 
 BOKOUGH— Jackson Township. 
 
 EiCHAED Mitchell, one of the first settlers of Tioga county, was born in 
 Orange county, New Jersey, July 5, 1769, and grew to manhood in his native place. 
 About 1791 he and his brothers, Thomas and Eobert Mitchell, removed to South- 
 port, Chemung county, Few York. A year later he and Thomas came up the Tioga 
 river in a canoe and settled at what has since been known as Mitchell's Creek, in 
 Tioga township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. On August 15, 1792, he married 
 Euby Keeney, who was bom at Hartford, Connecticut, October 4, 1771. Their 
 eldest child, Edsell, whom his descendants claim was the first white child bom in 
 this county, was bom at Mitchell's Creek, August 37, 1793. They were also the 
 parents of the following named children: Lovina, bom August 36, 1795, who 
 married John Inscho; Nancy, bom October 2, 1797, who died in youth; Thomas 
 K., bom August 5, 1799; Eichard, bom July 7, 1801, and William K., bom De*- 
 cember 4, 1810. Mr. Mitchell devoted his entire attention to farming, clearing 
 and improving a place on the Tioga river, near the mouth of Mitchell's creek. 
 Here he resided until his death, March 11, 1847. His wife died August 14, 1843. 
 He was a man of strong, athletic build, a fine type of the sturdy pioneers who 
 settled in the forests of Tioga county and by their energy and industry laid the 
 foundations of its present prosperity. At the time of his settlement the country was 
 a dense wilderness, with a few cabins near the junction of the Tioga and Cowanesque 
 rivers, and perhaps one or two further up the latter stream; but he lived to see the 
 county thickly settled and the forest gave way to well-improved farms and thriving 
 towns. 
 
 Thomas K. Mitchell, second son of Eichard and Euby Mitchell, was bom at 
 Mitchell's Creek, Tioga county, August 5, 1799. He was reared upon the homestead 
 farm and received such education as the pioneer subscription schools afforded. In 
 1826 he married Elizabeth Eoe, a native of Delhi, Delaware county, New York, 
 bom August 15, 1809. To this union were bom the following named children: 
 Solon, who died unmarried December 2, 1848; Mary Ette, who married G. W. Shear- 
 down; Almira, who married E. T. Bentley; Eowena, who married Micajah De 
 Labar; Euby, who died December 28, 1854; Thomas B. S., who was killed by the 
 cars at Tioga, December 2, 1893; Jefferson B., of Plainfield, Wisconsin; John I., 
 president judge of Tioga county; Elizabeth J., wife of Leroy Gleason, of Canton, 
 Bradford county; Emily A., wife of David Cameron, of Wellsboro, and Jane D., wife 
 of B. B. Borden, of Plainfield, Wisconsin. Mr. Mitchell passed his whole life at 
 Mitchell's Creek, engaged in farming, lumbering and merchandising. There he 
 
HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 erected in 1836, tlie year of his marriage, the first hrick house built in Tioga county, 
 and kept an inn in it for a number of years. He died August 28, 1861. His widow 
 died at the home of her son^ Thomas, February 15, 1887. In religion, the family 
 are adherents of the Baptist church, and in politics, supporters of the Eepubhcan 
 party. 
 
 EoBEKT Mitchell, a native of Vermont, was one of the early settlers of the 
 Tioga vaJley. He was born July 18, 1779, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 about the year 1796, settling at Mitchell's Creek, where his brothers, Eichard and 
 Thomas Mitchell, who came into the county in 1793, were then living. He took up 
 and cleared a farm and made farming the occupation of his life. He married 
 Abigail Ives, who bore him the following children- John, Thaddeus, Parmenia, 
 Cynthia, who married Amasa Mudge; Lucy, who married Alonzo Phelps; Lavina, 
 who married Jonathan Eoe; Nancy, who married Seth Albee; Eosina, who married 
 George Mitchell; Abby, who married WilHam Butler; Matilda, who married 
 Samuel Hartsock, and Euth, the only one now living, who married Dr. Seely, of 
 Addison, New York. Mr. Mitchell was a strong, athletic, vigorous man, and was 
 noted for his superior ability as a wrestler. He was also industrious and hard-work- 
 ing, and did his share as a pioneer in clearing the wilderness in the midst of which 
 he settled. 
 
 John Mitchell, eldest son of Eobert Mitchell, was born at Mitchell's Creek, 
 Tioga county, December 3, 1800, and there grew to maturity. He married Eliza^ 
 beth Hartsock, who was born November 19, 1810, and bore him the following 
 children: Albert, a resident of Millerton; Margaret, wife of M. K. Eetan, of the same 
 village; John, deceased; Thaddeus, also a resident of Millerton; George W., who 
 lives in Jackson township; Austin and Maiyette, both of whom are dead. Mr. 
 Mitchell settled on Alder run, in Jackson township, about 1836, where he passed 
 the remaining years of his life. He cleared a farm and operated a saw-mill at that 
 point, and died March 18, 1870. His wife died on April 6, 1885. 
 
 Albert Mitchell, eldest son of John Mitchell, and grandson of Eobert 
 Mitchell, was bom at Mitchell's Crec'k, Tioga county, August 30, 1839, and was about 
 seven years old when his parents removed to Jackson township. He was reared upon 
 the homestead farm, and received the usual education of a farmer's son. On April 
 39, 1853, he married Mary Deming, a daughter of Samuel and Electa (Dickinson) 
 Demi Tig, early settlers of Jackson township. Five children were bom to this mar- 
 riage, viz: Clark E., deceased; Eoss A., the present treasurer of the county; Mary 
 E., wife of John Snyder; John S. and Bertha, both deceased. Mr. Mitchell and wife 
 are now living in Millerton. 
 
 Eoss A. Mitchell, treasurer of Tioga county, was born in Millerton, Jack- 
 son township, February 13, 1856, and is the oldest living child of Albert Mitchell. 
 He was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools. In early manhood 
 he taught school four terms, later became a railroad employe, and was agent and 
 operator for several years at Millerton and Covington. Mr. Mitchell was superinten- 
 dent of the Covington Glass Works in 1894-95. In the fall of the latter year he was 
 elected on the Eepublican ticket treasurer of Tioga county and is now filling that 
 office. On March 17, 1880, he married Effie A. Hudson, a daughter of George W. 
 and Eunice Hudson, of Jackson township, and has four children: Albert, Arthur, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 989 
 
 Bemice and Eva. Mr. Mitchell is an excellent business man, careful, methodical 
 and reliable, and is an efficient and capable official. He is one of the popular mem- 
 bers of his party, and is also connected with Covington Lodge, No. 374, I 0. 0. F. 
 
 Nathan Niles, Se., a descendant of Capt. John Niles, of Wales, who settled 
 at Baintree, Massachusetts, in 1630, came to Pennsylvania from Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, and located in Tioga township, in September, 1796. This date is established 
 by the fact that his fourth son, Augustus Niles, boi-n February 6, 1793, was four years 
 of age when the family settled. Mr. Niles' father was a physician, and also, at times, 
 performed the duties of a local preacher of the Presbyterian church. For some 
 years previous to and during the Eevolutionary War, Mr. Niles was engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits and owned several vessels in the coastwise trade. During the 
 struggle for independence these were mostly captured by British cruisers, thus 
 depriving him of the bulk of his fortune. In 1796 he invested the remnant in 
 Connecticut titles to lands in Tioga county and removed hither with his family. 
 The land settled upon by himself and family was the most southern of the "Bar- 
 tholomew and Patton tracts, including the mouth of Mill creek." In 1797 he, with 
 many others, claiming lands under Connecticut titles, were arrested on a charge of 
 violating the Intrusion Law, taken to Williamsport, and there tried and acquitted. 
 A full account of the trial will be found in a preceding chapter. He finally obtained 
 a valid title to his land through the Pennsylvania Bank. Mr. Niles married Irene 
 Eussell in Connecticut, and their children were: Irene, who married Major William 
 Eathbone; Nathan, Aaron, Erastus, Augustus, Kodney, Clarissa, who became the 
 wife of John Beecher; Violetta, who majried John Daily, and Temperance, who 
 married Timothy Brace. Of the sons, Nathan, moved into Charleston township; 
 Aaron and Erastus into Delmar, and Kodney into Eutland. Augustus remained 
 on the homestead in Tioga township until his death. Mr. Niles was commissioned 
 a justice of the peace for the township of Tioga, January 7, 1808, while it was yet 
 under the jurisdiction of Lycoming county, and his name frequently occurs in the 
 early records. He served as a county commissioner from September, 1808, to Oc- 
 tober, 1811, when he was succeeded by Samuel W. Morris. He was also collector of 
 taxes for the year 1804 under the Lycoming county control of Tioga township. 
 When Wellsboro was founded Mr. Niles became identified with the interests of the 
 town. The residence of his sons in Delmar also tended to bring him into closer 
 communion with the people of the county seat. It is regretted that the Bible record 
 of his birth and death, as also that of his wife, was lost in the destruction by fire 
 of the house of his grandson, A. E. Niles, in October, 1878. He died about 1837, in 
 the eighty-fourth year of his age, which shows that he was bom about 1753. He left 
 as a legacy to his descendants an honored name and an unsullied reputation. He 
 was familiarly known as "Squire Niles." He was not the man to seek notoriety; 
 was plain and unobtrusive, conscientious, and -well disposed towards his fellow- 
 men. He left numerous descendants, all of whom were not only honored through 
 life, but many of them attained to high distinction in professional, political and 
 military station. 
 
 Nathan Niles, Jr., eldest son of Nathan Niles, Sr., was bom in Hebron, Con- 
 necticut, in 1783, and came to Tioga township with his parents in 1796. In 1809 
 he married Euth Gitchell, a sister of Elder and Benjamin Gitchell, and his chil- 
 
990 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 dren were Col. Alanson E. Mies and Mrs. John F. Donaldson. Mr. Niles lived on 
 his farm in Charleston, just outside the borough limits, but, as was the custom 
 in those days, all those who lived near the lines were claimed as practically belongiag 
 to the borough. In January, 1813, he was appointed a county commissioner and 
 served until the following October. He always took a deep interest in Wellsboro 
 affairs, and when the Academy was incorporated in 1817, he was named as one of 
 the trustees, and held the office until 1838, serving in the meantime as treasurer. As 
 a citizen he was held in high esteem by the public, and was fully entitled to that 
 best of all appellations, "a good man." He did not seek notoriety, being very much 
 like his father, and never put himself forward. Though a man of good general in- 
 formation, of fair education, and capable of filling any office in the county with credit 
 to himself and friends, he preferred the quiet of a farmer's life, rather than the per- 
 plexities of public office. So high was he regarded, that, "as honest as Nathan Niles" 
 was as good a recommendation as any man could desire. He died March 3, 1830, in 
 his forty-ninth year. 
 
 Aaeon Niles, the second son of Nathan Niles, Sr., was bom in Hebron, Connec- 
 ticut, June 27, 1784, and came with his parents to Tioga when it was comparatively 
 a wilderness. He endured all the trials and sufferings incident to the lives of 
 pioneers, and gave his full share of labor toward reclaiming the countrj' from its 
 wilderness condition. In June, 1807, he married Deborah Ives, a daughter of 
 Cornelius Ives, of Tioga. About 1810 he purchased wild land in Delmar and 
 cleared a farm, which he occupied for ten years. In 1820 he sold out and 
 removed to Middlebury township, settling at what is now known as Niles 
 Valley, where he cleared a valuable farm. Mr. Niles and wife had issue: 
 Clarinda, bom June 12, 1808; Philander, March 13, 1811; Erastus, April 
 17, 1814; Lucinda, August 28, 1816; Sylpha, August 29, 1818; Irena, Au- 
 gust 28, 1820; Betsey, March 13, 1822, and Russell, August 20, 1826. The majority 
 are now deceased. Mrs. Deborali Niles died in 1830, and March 4, 1833, he married 
 Mrs. Betsey Kilboume, bom May 5, 1798. She was a daughter of Rufus Butler, who 
 came from Vermont about the beginning of this century, and the widow of John Eal- 
 bourne. The issue of this marriage was one son, Jerome B., bom September 35, 
 1834, who has attained distinction as a lawyer and politician, and a sketch of whose 
 life will be found in the chapter on "The Bench and Bar." The last wife of Mr. 
 Niles died at the homestead in Niles Valley, June 3, 1863, aged a little over sixty- 
 five years. In 1865 Mr. Niles went to live with his youngest son, Hon. Jerome B. 
 Niles, at whose home in Wellsboro he died, February 22, 1872, in the eighty-eighth 
 year of his age. Like his honored father, he was a man of inflexible integrity and 
 undaunted courage, and was widely known as an energetic, industrious and public- 
 spirited citizen. 
 
 Augustus Niles, fourth son of Nathan Niles, Sr., was bom in Hartford, Con- 
 necticut, February 6, 1792, and was between four and five years old when his parents 
 came to Tioga eoimty. He was reared a farmer, and spent his life on the old home- 
 stead in Tioga township, where he died October 27, 1841, in his fiftieth year. He 
 married Anna Adams, a daughter of Capt. Lyman Adams, also an early settler of 
 Tioga township. She died in December, 1886, in the eighty-ninth year of her age. 
 Their children were as follows: Augustus E., a resident of Tioga township; Byrott 
 
BIOGHAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 99I 
 
 B.; a grain dealer of Topeka, Kansas, and Julia A., who married Whiting Miller, 
 and died at the home of her brother, Augustus E., March 16, 1894. 
 
 Attgustus E. Niles, eldest child of Augustus Niles, and grandson of Nathan 
 Niles, Sr., was bom on the homestead farm in Tioga township, March 36, 1819, and 
 upon the death of his father took charge of the same. He has spent his entire life 
 thereon, devoting his attention to agricultural pursuits. On January 18, 1853, he 
 married Belinda Bridgeman, and has two sons, viz: Augustus, a physician of Wells- 
 boro, and Henry C. The latter was bom on the home farm January 33, 1857; was 
 educated in the common schools of his district; was married on November 16, 1893, 
 to Nellie Cochran, a daughter of John and Ellen (Beam) Cochran, and has charge 
 of the old homestead. In politics, Mr. Niles was originally a Whig, but has been a 
 Eepublican since the organization of that party. He has filled the offices of col- 
 lector and supervisor of the township, the latter for twenty-nine years. Mr. Niles 
 is a member of Tioga River Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F., and is one of the leading 
 farmers of his native township. 
 
 Uriah Spencek was a man of considerable note in early days. He first came 
 into the Tioga valley in 1794, having purchased under the Connecticut title the 
 township of Hamilton, now embraced within the boundaries of Lawrence and Tioga 
 townships. He also bought the improvements of William Holden, and continued to 
 sell his lands under the Connecticut title until the spring of 1797, when he and 
 twenty-one other pioneers of the Tioga and Cowanesque valleys were arrested under 
 the Intrusion Law and taken to Williamsport, where they were subsequently tried 
 and acquitted. A few years later Mr. Spencer removed to the village of Tioga, where 
 he opened the first blacksmith shop at that point, and afterwards operated a saw- 
 mill. His first wife, who was Deborah Elliott, of Guilford, Connecticut, died in 
 November, 1802, and was buried in the Lawreneeville cemetery. She left four chil- 
 dren, two daughters and two sons. As early as 1804 he was married again, his second 
 wife being Eleanor Boher. By her he had seven children, three sons and four daugh- 
 ters. On the establishment of the postoffice at Tioga, January 1, 1805, he was ap- 
 pointed postmaster, it being the first in the county. In 1810 he was elected a 
 county commissioner; was prothonotary from 1818 to 1831, and again from 1834 
 to 1830. During his last two terms he also served as register and recorder. Through 
 his influence his son-in-law, Levi Vail, was appointed county treasurer in 1837. 
 
 On account of his many years of public life he becanie one of the leading poli- 
 ticians of the county. In 1836 he was a candidate for Congress, and John Eyon, Jr., 
 and Asa Mann were his conferees. The nominating convention met at Muncy, 
 Lycoming being one of the counties composing the IXth Congressional district, 
 but he failed to secure the nomination. 
 
 Mr. Spencer was also one of the committee chosen in 1836 to draft an address 
 to the governor of New York in furtherance of a canal from the head of Seneca 
 lake to the Pennsylvania line, to be continued thence by. Pennsylvania authority 
 to the coal mines at Blossburg. He and Judge Morris were chosen a committee 
 to present the petition to the legislatitre of New York, and Mr. Spencer visited 
 Albany for that purpose in the month of Febmary, 1837. He was also one of the 
 original incorporators of the Tioga Navigation Company. He was one of the most 
 
992 HISTOET OF TIOGA COTJNTT. 
 
 influential citizens of the county up to about 1835, when he lost his property and 
 his influence. 
 
 Notwithstanding his long residence in Wellshoro, Mr. Spencer had contracted 
 a violent hatred of the town, and especially of some of its leading citizens. This 
 dislike had its beginning in 1818, when, by reference to the history of the old 
 Academy, it will be seen that he was refused the loan of $500 by the trustees of 
 that institution, because the security he offered was not considered good. He was 
 one of the original trustees, but was not re-elected in 1818. This seems to have so 
 incensed him that ever after he was a bitter enemy of the school. Later, in the 
 attempt to remove the county seat to Tioga, he was a prominent actor in the move- 
 ment. Mr. Spencer was a man of strong convictions. One who knew him weU 
 has left this analysis of his character: 
 
 He was no hypocrite. He had never studied the art of blarney, nor did he duly 
 appreciate the true value of soft soap in managing men. What he thought he said. He 
 was not an adept in the use of those soft words that turn away wrath. He was a man of a 
 good deal of natural talent, though deficient in early education ; was a Democrat of the 
 strictest sect, and never strayed from the fold or went after other gods. He was a good 
 hater and a warm friend ; was never accused of dishonesty, or of altering his opinion when 
 he had once expressed it. 
 
 In the closing years of his life his mind began to waver, and he dwelt much 
 on his early land troubles, caused by purchasing Connecticut titles. His son, George, 
 held a clerkship in the postoffice department at Washington, D. C, and while on 
 a visit to his son's home in Georgetown, about 1850, he died, aged eighty years, and 
 was buried there. His widow, Eleanor, removed to Mainesburg, and died some two 
 years later. 
 
 Nicholas Prtjtsman, Sb., a native of Hamburg, Germany, immigrated to 
 Pennsylvania towards the close of the Eighteenth century anH located near Easton. 
 He had quite a large family, and in 1802 came to Tioga county, and settled a short 
 distance below the site of Tioga village. His three sons, Jacob, Adam and Nicholas, 
 Jr., came in 1804, but the two last soon removed to New York state, leaving Jacob 
 and their father in Tioga county. The latter erected a grist-mill, which he operated 
 until it burned down. He died about 1810. 
 
 Jacob Peutsman came to this county with his two brothers in 1804. He had 
 previously learned the cabinet maker's trade, which he followed many years, and 
 also owned and cu^iivated a farm. He married Mary Miller, who became the 
 mother of fourteen children, viz: Polly, John, Abram, Elizabeth, Jacob, Andrew M., 
 Adam, Sarah, Catherine, Susan, Eunice, Eachel, Mary and George, only one of 
 whom is living, Adam, a resident of Hlinois. Mrs. Prutsman died in 1847, aged 
 seventy-one years, and her husband, in 1863, aged eighty-nine. 
 
 Andbbw M. Peutsman was bom in Tioga township, Tioga county, in 1807, 
 fourth son of Jacob Prutsman. He was reared on the homestead, and in 1830 mar- 
 ried Mary A. Bentley, a daughter of Benjajjiin Bentley. She was bom in this county 
 in 1809, and bore him six children, named as follows: Martha J., bom December 
 17, 1831, and married Robert H. Brown, of Canisteo, New York, in 1859, who died 
 in 1862; Christian M., who served as a Ueutenant in the Union army in the Re- 
 bellion, and now resides in Nebraska; Mary A., wife of Edwin Spaulding, of Coming, 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 993 
 
 New York; Lindley H., who died while serving with the rank of lieutenant in the 
 late war; Henrietta M., wife of John H. Pattison, of Williamsport, Pennsylvania, 
 and Melville B., an engineer on the Fall Brook railroad, who resides at Newberry 
 Junction, Lycoming county.' Mr. Prutsman died in 1890, and his wife, in 1891, 
 each at the age of eighty-two- years. 
 
 Capt. Ltman Adams was horn in Lenox, Massachusetts, April 12, 1775, and 
 married Sophia Mantor, born April 31, 1782. In the spring of 1804 they came from 
 Tinmouth, Eutland county, Termont, to Tioga, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, airiv- 
 ing at their destination on July 4. They were accompanied by their three daughters, 
 Anna, Susan and Sophia, and the following children were born to them in this 
 county: Phoebe, Lucy, Maria, Lyman N., "William, Julia, Jane, Hiram and Mary B. 
 Anna became the wife of Augustus Mies; Susan married Lorain Lamb; Sopbia re- 
 mained unmarried; Phoebe married Amos Utley; Lucy married Sullivan Power; 
 Maria married G. E. Lillibridge; Julia married Samuel Naglee; Jane mapried W. 
 E. Crane, and Mary B., became the wife of Dr. A. J. Cole. The only survivors are 
 Juha, Hiram and Mary B. After living a short time in Tioga, Mr. Adams removed 
 to the mouth of Mill creek, where he kept a store and tavern during the War of 
 1812, and also followed farming. Subsequently removing to "Wellsboro, he cpn- 
 ducted a hotel there until 1827, when he returned to Tioga township and resumed 
 agricultural pursuits. He was a stanch Democrat, served as collector of taxes in 
 Tioga township in 1809-10, and also as constable for many years. Captain Adams' 
 died June 27, 1847, and Ms wife, July 1, 1868. 
 
 Ltman N. Adams, son of Capt. Lyman Adams, was bom in Wellsboro, Tioga 
 county, and grew to maturity in Tioga township. He engaged in the butchering, 
 business, which he followed during his residence in Tioga borough, where he located 
 in the thirties. He married Caroline Mantor, who bore him a family of three chil- 
 dren, viz: Frank H., of Tioga; Mary, wife of Jude Sweet, of Niles Valley, and 
 Charles, deceased. Mr. Adams died November 18, 1880, in the sixty-fifth year of his 
 age. His widow is stiU living in Tioga. 
 
 Feank H. Adams, only living son of Lyman N. Adams, and grandson of Capt. 
 Lyman Adams, was bom in Tioga borough, Tioga county, April 19, 1843. He 
 received a common school education and later began clerking in the store of Thomas 
 L. Baldwin, whom he bought out in 1865 and has since conducted the business 
 successfully. He carries a stock valued at $10,000, and owns the building in which 
 his store is located. Mr. Adams is one of the leading business men of Tioga, as well 
 as a progressive, public-spirited citizen. September 26, 1868, he married Ellen 
 M. Carpenter, a daughter of. A.. Carpenter, of "Warsaw, New York, and has one son, 
 Walter C. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Episcopal 
 church. He is connected vdth Tioga Lodge, No. 373, P. & A. M.; Tioga Eiver 
 Lodge, No. 797, 1. 0. 0. F., and Phoenix Lodge, No. 933, K. of H., in all of which 
 he takes an active interest. 
 
 Iea McAllistee was bom in Chenango county, New York, November 24, 1789. 
 When about eight years old he came with Ambrose Millard to Tioga, Pennsylvania, 
 and in later years settled on the site of Tioga village. In January, 1824, he mar- 
 ried Mary P. Hall, a daughter of Eoland Hall. She was bom NovembeT 9, 1788, 
 and became the mother of three children, viz: Thomas and Eliza, twins, bom 
 63 
 
994 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 September 19, 1835, and E. P. H., who lives in Tioga. Mr. McAllister was a 
 blacksmith and worked at his trade for a number of years. He died on March 29, 
 1854, and his wife, December 31, 1870. 
 
 R. P. H. McAllister, youngest child of Ira McAllister, was bom in Tioga 
 village, Tioga county, August 17, 1828. He received a common school education, 
 and after arriving at manhood engaged in farming and lumbering. In 1871 he 
 furnished the ties for the Fall Brook railroad. Upon the completion of the road 
 he was appointed ticket and freight agent at Tioga village, a position he held 
 twenty-three years, resigning July 1, 1894, because of ill health. Mr. McAllister 
 was married September 5, 1853, to Phoebe C. Hall, a daughter of Benjamin R. 
 and Deborah Hall. Six children were born to this union, viz: Mary, who died 
 July 5, 1889; David C, a resident of Tioga; Bennie R., who died in youth, and 
 three that died in infancy. In politics, Mr. McAllister is a Democrat, and has 
 filled the offices of constable, justice of the peace, school director, collector and 
 supervisor. In religion, he is a TJniversalist, and is also a member of Tioga 
 River Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F. He built and at one time owned every house 
 in Tioga village, and still owns a number of them. He has made an honorable 
 record as an enterprising and public-spirited citizen. 
 
 David C. McAllister, postmaster of Tioga, is a native of that borough and a 
 son of R. P. H. McAllister. ' He was reared and educated in Tioga, and in 1889 em- 
 barked in merchandising in Tioga village, as senior member of the firm of McAllister 
 & Shay. In 1891 he bought his partner's interest and continued the business alone 
 until 1893, when he sold out. On February 10, 1893, he was appointed postmaster 
 of Tioga, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James T. Davis, which 
 position he still holds. Mr. McAllister was married to Ruth H. Daily, a daughter 
 of V. B. and Mary Daily, October 10, 1888, and has three children: Edna, Beatrice 
 and Bennie. In politics, he is a Democrat, and served as township collector in 
 1890. Mr. McAllister is a member of Tioga River Lodge, No. 797, 1. 0. 0. F., and 
 also of Lawrenceville Encampment. He is one of the respected and popular citi- 
 zens of his native place. 
 
 Obadiah Inscho was bom in Delaware, in 1758, and was a descendant of one 
 of the pioneer families of that State. He came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, with 
 his family, in 1798, and settled on the east side of the Tioga river, a short distance 
 above the site of Lawrenceville. Here he cleared and improved a farm, upon 
 which he died. May 9, 1830, aged sixty-two years, and was buried in the Bentley 
 graveyard. His wife, whose maiden name was Judith Jennings, survived him until 
 August 10, 1842. Their children were as follows: Polly, who married Dr. Simeon 
 Power; John, Moses, Isaiah, Rachel, James, Thomas, Obadiah, Lavina M., who 
 married John Kemp; Solomon, Ruth, who married Asa Lincoln, and Robert. 
 
 John Inscho, eldest son of Obadiah and Judith Inscho, was bom November 
 1, 1789, and came with his parents to Lawrence township, Tioga county, in 1798. 
 He was reared on the homestead farm, and married Lavina Mitchell, a daughter of 
 Richard Mitchell, Sr. She was bom at Mitchell's Creek August 26, 1795. After 
 their marriage they settled in Tioga township, locating a little north of her father's 
 place, at Mitchell's Creek. The following children were bom to them: Richard 
 J., Ruby K., wife of Alpheus Keeney; Obadiah, Judith J., wife of Rev. Samuel 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 995 
 
 Broakman; John J., William M., Thomas M. and Lavina M. Mr. Inscho died 
 April 20, 1865, and his wife, Noyember 11, 1861. 
 
 EiCHARD J. Inscho, eldest son of John and Lavina Inscho, was bom on the 
 homestead in Tioga township, there grew to manhood, and married Euth P. Parshall, 
 a daughter of Asa and Susan (Keeney) Parshall. For a number of years after his 
 marriage he resided in Jackson township, then purchased the Prutsman farm, just 
 north of Tioga borough, where he passed the remainder of his life. By his mar- 
 riage to Euth B. Parshall, he became the father of the following children: Susan 
 K., wife of Seth Snell, of Woodstock, Maryland; Lavina M., deceased wife of Ira 
 H. Ayres, of Jackson township; Asa, deceased; John L., of Tioga borough; Jesse 
 P., of Elmira, New York; Albert, deceased; William W., of New Camp, Penn- 
 sylvania; E. Louisa, wife of T. F. Eolason, of Mansfield; Mary E., wife of Dr. 
 J. W. Stewart, of Big Plats, New York, and Eva B., wife of Charles T. Ehodes, 
 of Tioga. Mr. Inscho died January 20, 1875. His widow is a resident of Tioga. 
 
 John L. Inscho, eldest living son of Eiehard J. Inscho, was bom in Jackson 
 township, Tioga county, April 11, 1844, and was reared upon the homestead farm. 
 He received a common school education, supplemented by a course at the Elmira 
 Commercial College, from which he graduated in 1865. He remained on the farm 
 imtil 1873, when he embarked in merchandising at Holiday. In 1875 he removed 
 to Tioga and carried on a meat market and grocery there for several years. He 
 is now a member of the firm of Alford & Inscho, coal dealers, and also of Inscho 
 & Kimball, hardware merchants. Mr. Inscho was married February 13, 1868, to 
 Mary E. Miller, a daughter of Cephas C. and Lucy D. (Kelley) Miller, and has had 
 two children, Lena M. and Ida M., the latter of whom died June 17, 1882. Mrs. 
 Inscho's father resides at Mill Creek, Tioga township; her mother died March 17, 
 1892, aged seventy years. The family are members of the Baptist church, and in 
 polities, Mr. Inscho is a Prohibitionist, and stands high in the respect and esteem of 
 the community in which he lives. 
 
 Alvah C. BtrsH was bom in Bainbridge, New York, November 13, 1804, on 
 the place originally located by his father and now owned by his youngest brother, 
 Hon. Joseph Bush. His parents, Joseph and Betsey (Strong) Bush, were pioneers 
 of Chenango county. New York, the first house in Bainbridge having been erected 
 by his grandfather, Elnathan Bush. Alvah C. early displayed great energy and a 
 decided preference for an active business career. At the age of twenty-two he 
 embarked in merchandising and lumbering, and by enterprise, industry and the 
 exercise of good judgment his ventures proved successful. Desirous of finding a 
 more favorable field of operation, he spent the years of 1830 and 1831 in traveling 
 over the West, and in the latter year located in Tioga, Pennsylvania. Here in part- 
 nership with his brother, Jabin S., he engaged in merchandising and lumbering 
 on an extensive scale, and through his untiring energy became one of the leading 
 business men of Tioga county. About 1872 he began operating in Wall street, 
 New York, his ventures there also proving successful and adding to his reputation 
 as an able and sagacious financier. During the last fourteen yeajs of his life he 
 and his wife spent their winters in New York City and their summers in Tioga. 
 His Tioga residence was erected in 1841, and is one of the ideal homes of the county, 
 as well as one of the landmarks of the borough. Mr. Bush was married in March, 
 
996 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1831, to Ellen Bigelow, a daughter of the late Hon. Levi Bigelow, and a native of 
 Bainbridge, Chenango county, New York, whO' came to Tioga about 1850. During 
 his lifetime Mr. Bigelow occupied a number of positions of trust and honor, among 
 them that of judge of the circuit court. Mrs. Bush died December 3, 1831, leaving 
 an infant daughter, now Mrs. John A. Mathews, of Winona, Minnesota. He mar- 
 ried for his second wife her sister, Anna Bigelow, also a sister of Mrs. Frederick 
 E.. Smith;, of Tioga. Mr. Bush was a Democrat, in politics, but never sought or 
 held office, although he took a citizen's interest in public matters. He was fore- 
 mosti in every movement or enterprise calculated to promote the growth and pros- 
 perity of the borough. In 1873 he established Bush Park, on the hillside east of 
 town, as- a free pleasure resort for the ptiblic. He was known as a targ&-hearted, 
 public-spirited man; thoroughly practical in all business matters; untiring in 
 energy, and well informed upon everything relating to the commercial interests of 
 the country.. In his reading and studies he kept pace with the advanced thought 
 of the day. Mr. Bush died on October 14, 1880, after an earnest and useful life of 
 seventy-six years. His widow survived until August 11, 1895. She was a woman 
 of culture and refined tastes, whose kindly acts, unostentatiously performed, gave 
 her a high place in the esteem and regard of all within the circle of her acquaintance. 
 Fbedbhick Emeeson Smith was born at Amherst, Hampshire county, Massa- 
 chusetts; Ifovember 15, 1822. His father was Samuel Smith, whose ancestors landed 
 in this country, at the mouth of the Connecticut river, about 1635, and thence found 
 their way upward and settled along upon its banks. His mother, Mary (Hastings) 
 Smith, was- a daughter of Thomas Hastings, a Eevolutionary soldier, the fourth 
 bearing that name in direct descent from Deacon Thomas Hastings, an emigrant 
 from Ipswich, England, in the year 1634, and through him the family lineage runs 
 back to a younger brother of Sir Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, a grandson 
 of Lord William Hastings, a Yorkist Nobleman, bom in 1430, the family being one 
 of the extremely few in England that can trace their pedigree as far back as even 
 the Fourteenth century. Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, still shows the remains 
 of its castle, where William the Conqueror lodged before the decisive battle of 
 Hastings, October 14, 1066, in which he defeated the English under Harold and 
 overthrew the Saxon dynasty. Mr. Smith removed with his parents during boy- 
 hood to Marion, New York, where he prepared for college at the Marion Collegiate 
 Institute. In September, 1840, he entered the sophomore class in Union College, 
 Sohenectady, New York, and graduated Math honors from that institution in July, 
 1844. When in college he was a Delta Phi, and was graduated with the honor of 
 Phi Beta Kappa. In the same graduating class were James C. Duane, afterwards 
 brigadier-general of the United States army, and chief engineer of the Army of 
 the Potomac; Alexander H. Eice, ex-member of Congress and governor of Massa- 
 chusetts for three terms, and Frederick Townsend, adjutant general of New York, 
 and brigadier-general in the United States army. After graduation Mr. Smith was 
 principal of Wolcott Academy, Wolcott, New York, for one year, and of the Academy 
 at Clyde, New York, for the same length of time. Upon retiring from the princi- 
 palship of the latter seat of learning, he commenced the study of law with Hon. 
 Chauneey F. Clark, of Wolcott, New York. He removed to Tioga, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1846, completing his law studies with Hon. John W. Guernsey, of Tioga, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 997 
 
 was admitted to the bar of Tioga county in 1849, to the supreme court of Pennsyl- 
 Tania in 1853, and to the United States courts in 1865. In 1849 he formed a co-part- 
 nership with Hon. Charles H. Seymour of Tioga, in the practice of law, which asso- 
 ciation continued until 1853. On June 14, 1853, Mr. Smith was married to Stella 
 F. Bigelow, of Tioga, the youngest daughter of the late Judge Levi Bigelow. 
 
 In early life Mr. Smith was a Democrat, but became a Republican upon the 
 organization of that party, of which: he' was one of the founders. He ever after 
 took an active and prominent part in ..-sustaining and defending the principles 
 enunciated by the Eepublican party aridralways had the courage of his convictions.- 
 In 1856 he was elected a presidential electorion the Fremont ticket and served with 
 distinction, doing all in his power for the success of that ticket. In 1860 he was 
 elected a presidential elector on the Lincoln; ticket. During the dark days of the 
 Eebdlion, when the glorious Union seemed destined to be torn asunder, Mr. Smith 
 sustained the Union cause with a fidelity an'd courage only equaled by the brave 
 soldiers at the front, whose friend he ever was, contributing freely of his time and 
 money in defense of the flag. In 1865 he was appointed a United States commis- 
 sioner, which office he held until his death. In 1867 he was appointed United 
 States register in bankruptcy for the Eighteenth (now the Sixteenth) district, which 
 ofSee he held until the repeal of that law, serving with distinction and having before 
 him many important cases from both his own and other districts in the State. On 
 June 13, 1879, he formed a partnership with Horace and Samuel W. Pomeroy, of 
 Troy, Pennsylvania, in the well known banlring house of Pomeroy Brothers & P. 
 E. Smith, at Blossburg, the firm continuing under the same name until July 8, 
 1895, when it was succeeded by the Miners National Bank of Blossburg. In De- 
 cember, 1883, when the banking house of B. C. Wickham & Company, of Tioga, 
 failed, Mr. Smith was appointed one of the assignees. Considering the resoiirees 
 of that defunct house the affairs were executed in a manner that reflected much 
 credit on his business ability. Mr. Smith was a prominent Mason, being first a 
 member of Painted Post Lodge, No. 117, and afterwards one of the organizers of 
 the present Tioga Lodge, No. 373, P. & A. M., of Tioga, chartered October 16, 1866. 
 He was also a thirty-second degree member of the Supreme Council Ancient Ac- 
 cepted Scottish Eite of Free Masonery, Coming Consistory, of Corning, New York; 
 a member of Wellsboro Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and a charter member and first Noble 
 Grand of Adelphic Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Tioga, organized October 8, 1847. He 
 was also one of the trustees of Union College, his alma mater, and always took a 
 deep interest in the cause of education. 
 
 Mr. Smith was an able lawyer, at the bar or in the office, well grounded in the 
 principles of law, and had few superiors in northern Pennsylvania as an orator or 
 pubhe speaker. He possessed in a high degree the necessary qualifications of the 
 wise counsellor, successful lawyer and safe financier. Conscientious, just and 
 equitable in all his dealings, and endowed with fine legal and literary attainments, 
 lie won a well-deserved reputation at the bar. He took much pleasure in collecting 
 rare and valuable books and had one of the best literary and law libraries in the 
 State. Possessing an upright and honorable nature, he required and demanded the 
 same standard of honor from others. The young sought him for advice, and he 
 was ever ready to assist them and point out for their guidance the higher and nobler 
 
998 HISTORY OF TIOGA COITNTT. 
 
 aims of life. His public spirit, liberality and charity were always up to the fullest 
 measure, and he was ever ready to give his support to every undertaking that had 
 for its object the up-building of Tioga or the welfare and prosperity of its citizens. 
 He was a polished, genial and courteous gentleman, a loving husband, a kind father 
 and faithful friend. Mr. Smith died at his beautiful home in Tioga, on October 
 8, 1889, after an illness of but a few days. His widow and three sons survive him. 
 Alvah Lee Smith is president of the Miners National Bank, of Blossburg; Fred- 
 erick Bigelow Smith is an attorney at Tioga, and a representative in the state legis- 
 lature, and Dr. William Clive Smith, a physician at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Alvah Lee Smith, president of the Miners National Bank of Blossburg, is 
 the eldest son of Frederick Emerson Smith, and was bom at Tioga, Pennsylvania, 
 May 15, 1855. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and in 1871 
 entered the State Normal School at Mansfield, remaining there two years, when 
 he went to New York City to enter the preparatory schools for Columbia College. 
 In 1876 he commenced the study of law in his father's office, but instead of seeking 
 admission to the bar he decided to pursue a business career. On June 13, 1879, 
 he entered the banking house of Pomeroy Brothers & F. B. Smith, at Blossburg, 
 as book-keeper, and in September of the same year was appointed cashier and gen- 
 eral manager of that institution. In July, 1895, he re-organized the busiaess and 
 established the Miners National Bank, which succeeded the old firm, of which he 
 became cashier. The duties of this responsible position he discharged for seventeen 
 years with such ability and fidelity as to •gain for him a well-earned reputation as 
 a capable and conservative financier, careful alike of the interests of the institution 
 under his charge and of its patrons and depositors. On January 12, 1897, he was 
 elected president of the bank, as the successor of S. W. Pomeroy, deceased. So- 
 cially, Mr. Smith is a gentleman of culture, of easy manners and approachable by 
 anyone. He is much interested in art, and his fine apartments over the bank are 
 filled with rare works of vertu, such as costly etchings, oil paintings, statuettes, India 
 ink engravings, costly rugs, vases and bric-a-brac. He is a dii'ector in the Miners 
 National Bank, and a member of the City Club of Elmtra, and the Knickerbocker 
 Yacht Club, of New York. He is also resident agent of many of the leading life 
 and fire insurance companies. In politics, Mr. Smith is an ardent Eepublican, and 
 in religion, a member of St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal church, of Tioga. In 
 March, 1897, he was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the Cottage 
 State Hospital at Blossburg — an appropriate recognition of his prominence in the 
 community. 
 
 Feedebick Bigelow- Smith, attomey-at-law, was bom at Tioga, Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 3, 1863, and is the second son of Frederick Emerson Smith. He was 
 educated in the High School of Tioga, and entered the Kinne and Cascidilla pre- 
 paratory schools at Ithaca, New York, in 1879, and Cornell University, in Septem- 
 ber, 1881. After a course at Cornell he began the study of law in his father's 
 office; entered the law department of Columbia College, New York City, in 1886, 
 and graduated therefrom in 1888, with the degree of A. B. He was admitted to 
 the bar of Tioga county in 1888, and to the supreme court of Pennsylvania in 1893. 
 For nearly a year after his graduation he was employed in the recorder's ofiice at 
 Wellsboro indexing the records of that office, having been appointed by the court 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 999 
 
 to do that work. In October, 1889, he began the practice of his profession at Tioga, 
 and is now recognized as one of the rising young lawyers of the county, haying 
 many important estates in his hands for settlement. Mr. Smith possesses high 
 hterary attainments, and takes a groat interest in the welfare and business pros- 
 perity of his town, of which he has been secretary for a number of years. He is a 
 member of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, P. & A. M., and of Tyagaghton Commandery, 
 No. 28, K. T., of Wellsboro. He is a director in the Miners National Bank of 
 Blossburg, and local agent at Tioga of the leading fire and life insurance companies. 
 He is also a member of the City Club of Elmira, and City Club, of Coming, New 
 York. In religion, he is a member of St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal church 
 of Tioga, and a vestryman in that body. Politically a steadfast Eepublican, he takes 
 an active interest in promoting the success of his party. Mr. Smith was nominated 
 for the legislature in the spring of 1896 and was elected in November following 
 by the usual party majority. 
 
 William Clive Smith, M. D., third and youngest son of Frederick Emerson 
 Smith, was born at Tioga, Pennsylvania, April 18, 1868. He attended the High 
 School of his native town, and in 1886 entered Exeter Academy, at Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, and remained there for two years. In October, 1888, he entered the 
 University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and spent two years at that institution. In 
 1890 he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at 
 Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1893 with the title of M. D. After graduation 
 he became resident physician of the City Hospital at Pittston, remaining there 
 four months, at the end of which period he became resident physician of the City 
 Hospital at Wilkes-Barre, which position he filled one year, leaving there to become 
 resident physician of the Nursery and Childs Hospital, in New York City, devoted 
 entirely to children under four years of age and having over 400 beds. In Novem- 
 ber, 1895, Dr. Smith located at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, but still retains his 
 old liking for Tioga and his native county. Dr. Smith has been very successful 
 in his profession, has had a large hospital experience in surgical cases and children's 
 diseases, and is a rising young physician. He is a member of the Luzerne County 
 Medical Society, and the Westmoreland and Country Clubs, of Wilkes-Barre; also 
 of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. M., and of the Psi Upsilon fraternity of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan and University of Pennsylvania, and the Psi Upsilon Club of 
 New York. 
 
 EoBEET Bkuce Smith, physician and surgeon, son of Eussell N. and Caroline 
 (Sessions) Smith, was bom at Marathon, Cortland county. New York, August 23, 
 1840. His paternal ancestry was of Holland-Dutch descent. There is a tradition 
 in the family that its ancestors in this country accompanied Henry Hudson on his 
 famous voyage of discovery, in 1609, and that two brothers, Nicholas and Jacob 
 Smith, returned to the New World a few years later and established homes on the 
 Hudson river, in the vicinity of Albany, then Fort Orange. There is in possession 
 of the family a large iron-bound chest which tradition relates accompanied Hudson 
 on the voyage of the Half Moon. This story is doubtless a myth, but the chest is 
 certainly of extreme age and probably was brought from Europe at an early date. 
 It is a matter of conjecture whether the ancestors of the Smith family were Dutch 
 or English, but a long residence among the Dutch settlers of the Hudson river 
 
1000 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 imbued the family with Dutch ciistoms, manners and traditions. The first authen- 
 ticated record of this line of the Smith family, is that Jacob Smith was living in 
 Albany county, ISTew York, in the middle of the last century, and that he died there 
 about the year 1794. Among other ancient and curious papers foimd in the old 
 chest, was a bond and deed executed to Jacob Smith, bearing date 1767, to which 
 was affixed the royal seal of King George III, of England. Jacob Smith had four 
 sons, viz: Meholas, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, who was bom at 
 Albany, New York, in 1768; Hendriek, born at the same place in 1773, and two 
 others who were carried off by the Indians and kept in captivity seven years before 
 being restored to their parents. In 1795 Nicholas and Hendriek, accompanied by 
 their mother, removed to Upper Lisle, Broome county. New York, where Meholas 
 became the owner of a large amount of land and a prosperous sheep grower. Here 
 he continued to reside until his death, in 1852. 
 
 Eussell N. Smith, the second child of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Cornell) 
 Smith, was born in Lisle, Broome county. New York, in 1813. He was an extensive 
 land owner, and was noted for his honesty, industry and thrift. He married Caro- 
 line Sessions, a descendant of Samuel Sessions, a native of Wantage, England, and 
 a member of the King's Body Guard. Samuel came to America in 1630, with Gov. 
 Thomas Dudley, as farmer of his estate, and settled in Massachusetts. The ancestry 
 can be traced in an unbroken chain to Caroline Sessions, who was born in IJnion, 
 Tolland county, Connecticut, February 20, 1815. She married Russell N. Smith, 
 at Marathon, about 1837, and became the mother of three children, viz: Charles, 
 who died in infancy; Robert Bruce, a physician of Tioga, Pennsylvania, and 
 Elbert Burke, of Lexington, Nebraska. Russell N. Smith died in Cortland county, 
 New York, March 7, 1881. His wife, Caroline, died October 25, 1888. 
 
 The subject of this sketch spent his early years on his fathers farm in Cortland 
 county. New York. His primary education was acquired at the district schools 
 of the neighborhood, and he later attended Oxford Academy, Oxford, New York, 
 in which institution he graduated at the age of sixteen. He then began to teach 
 in the schools of his native county, and at the age of nineteen entered the sophomore 
 class of Union College in Schenectady, remaining there until the close of the 
 junior year, in 1861. The war spirit was strongly felt at Union College, which 
 contained about one hundred Southern students, who left in a body at the first 
 outbreak of hostilities. The majority of the Northern students and some of the 
 professors enlisted in the Union service. Among the former was Robert B. Smith, 
 who abandoned his studies and enlisted as a lieutenant in the Sixteenth New York 
 Independent Battery, which command at once proceeded to the front. The Six- 
 teenth Battery was attached to the Eighteenth Army Corps, and served in the 
 Armies of the Potomac and the James. For good service Lieutenant Smith was 
 transferred by order of General Butler to the command of Battery P, Krst Rhode 
 Island Light Artillery, which command he filled until the expiration of his term 
 of three years' service. He then returned to his home and began the study of medi- 
 cine under Dr. S. H. French, of Lisle, New York. In 1866 he graduated at Long 
 Island College Hospital, with the degree of M. D., and immediately afterwards 
 married Ellen A., a daughter of William Vrooman Share, of Lisle, New York. 
 Mrs. Smith is descended from one of the oldest Dutch families in the United 
 
BIOGKlPHICAL SKETCHES. IQOl 
 
 States. Prior to 1670 three brothers by the name of Vrooman came to this country 
 from Holland, one of whom, Hendrick Meese Vrooman, settled at Schenectady, 
 New York, in 1677. The family has figured prominently in the Colonial history 
 of New York state. At the Schenectady Massacre, on the night of February 9, 
 1690, two of the family were killed and three carried captives to Canada. The 
 fifth in descent from the original settler was William Vrooman Share, bom May 
 29, 1816; he married Lucetta Dunbar Hine, February 7, 1838, and died on January 
 29, 1861. Their only daughter, Ellen A. Share, was born at Lafayette, New York, 
 April 13, 1840, and was married to Dr. Eobert Bruce Smith, August 2, 1866. 
 
 Dr. Smith removed to Tioga, Pennsylvania, the year of his maxriage, and pur- 
 chased property on Broad street, which continues as the family residence up to 
 the present. Dr. Smith has three children, viz: Winifred, born August 13, 1868, 
 who graduated from Elmira College in the class of 1891, was preceptress of the 
 Wellsboro High School for two years, and has also taken a post-graduate course at 
 Yale College; Charles Eussell, born September 20, 1870, who graduated from 
 Union College, Schenectady, New York, in the class of 1894, and is now pursuing 
 a course in medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, and George Vrooman, 
 bom May 10, 1874, who was also a member of the class of 1894 at Union College, 
 and is now a law student at Yale. George V. has a decided talent for archaeological 
 research, and possesses one of the most interesting and valuable individual collec- 
 tions of Indian relics in this section of Pennsylvania. On coming to Tioga Dr. 
 Smith entered immediately upon the practice of his profession, which he has pur- 
 sued with marked success for the past thirty years, being now the senior practicing 
 physician in Tioga borough. In 1883 Union College conferred upon him the degree 
 of M. A. Aside from his prominence and success as a physician, Dr. Smith is also 
 recognized as one of the foremost citizens of Tioga county. He is a stanch Demo- 
 crat, unswerving in his adherence to the principles of his party, and a man of wide 
 influence in the community. In 1878 he was the Democratic nominee for Con- 
 gress in this district, and proved himself an able and eflEective campaigner. The 
 Eepublican majority of the district was, however, too large for him to overcome, 
 and his opponent was elected. Dr. Smith has established a fair reputation as a 
 public speaker, having spoken on many prominent occasions, paxtieularly during 
 commemorative exercises of days and events connected with the Eebellion. He 
 is recognized as an authority on expert medical testimony, and his long experience 
 as a physician and surgeon has made his presence of great value in consultation. 
 He is one of the consulting surgeons of the Cottage State Hospital, at Blossburg, 
 and was president of the board of pension examiners of Tioga county about three 
 years. He has been burgess of Tioga for two terms, and has repeatedly served as 
 eouncilman and school director of the borough. As president of the board of 
 health, he has been efficient in promoting the excellent sanitary condition of the 
 town. Dr. Smith is a member of Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. E., and is also Master 
 of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. M. He has been closely identified with the 
 growth of Tioga, and on all occasions contributed liberally towards the social and 
 material development of the community. 
 
 William Lowell, a son of Dajilel A. and Mary Lowell, was born October 21, 
 1804, and obtained a common school education. His father was a hatter and he 
 
1002 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 also learned that trade. Early in the thirties his parents, his brother Martin and 
 himself, and Thomas and Herbert HolHs, came from Bainbridge, New York, to 
 the village of Tioga, Tioga cotmty, Pennsylvania. They were all hatters, and 
 erected for their business place the main building now occupied by Paul EIraiss' 
 furniture store. On February 7, 1832, Mr. Lowell married Eebecca Preston. She 
 was bom May 31, 1810, and became the mother of four children, viz: Orlando B., 
 David A., May A. and "William A., all of whom are dead. Mr. Lowell worked as 
 a hatter until he purchased the old Goodrich Hotel, which he carried on for a num- 
 ber of years. Shortly before his death, which occurred April 3, 1848, he sold out 
 and retired. He was appointed postmaster of Tioga in 1846 and held the oifice 
 until 1848. His wife died June 7, 1852. 
 
 Oelando B. Lowell, eldest son of William and Eebecca Lowell, was bom 
 in Tioga, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1832. He was educated in the common 
 schools and in the Wellsboro Academy, and subsequently clerked in a store at 
 Elmira, New York, four years. He then embarked in the mercantile business in 
 Tioga with Charles 0. Etz, the firm being Etz & Lowell, in which he remained 
 two years, and then entered the employ of T. L. Baldwin & Company, for whom 
 he clerked five years. About 1866 Mr. Lowell bought the interest of H. F. Wells 
 in the tannery of Johnston & Wells, of Tioga, and also became interested in several 
 other tanneries in the county. The firm in Tioga became Johnston & Lowell, and 
 afterwards Lowell & Company. Finally the New York partner failed, carryuig 
 down the business with him. After retiring from the tannery business Mr. Lowell 
 devoted his attention to the cultivation of his 600-acre farm situated a mile north 
 of Tioga borough, and known as the old Jacob Prutsman farm. While paying due 
 attention to diversified crops, he devoted himself principally to the raising of 
 tobacco and the breeding of Hambletonian horses. He was a thorough business 
 man and brought business principles to bear upon every detail of his farm work. 
 Possessing untiring energy, a clear, well-balanced mind, and good executive abiUty, 
 he usually succeeded in whatever he undertook, and was regarded as one of the best 
 farmers in Tioga county. Mr. Lowell was twice married. His first wife was Laura 
 Schieffelin, a daughter of Jacob Schieffelin. She died September 18, 1866. On 
 November 18, 1869, he married Mrs. Sarah M. Etz, widow of Lieut. Charles 0. 
 Etz, of Company D, Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, who was killed by a 
 shell at the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862. Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. E., of 
 Tioga, was named in his honor. Mrs. Lowell is a daughter of Samuel B. aad 
 Amelia (Green) Wellington, and was bom in West Moriah, Essex county. New 
 York, December 6, 1834. She came with her parents to Tioga in 1845, and was 
 married to Charles 0. Etz, November 18, 1852. She was postmistress of Tioga 
 from 1863 to 1868. By her marriage to Mr. Lowell was born one daughter, Laura, 
 a graduate of Elmira College. In polities, Mr. Lowell was an ardent Eepublican, 
 was a member of the borough council of Tioga five years, and burgess from 1874 
 to 1876. He also served as a school director. He died June 19, 1896, of Bright's 
 disease, and his death, was sincerely mourned by the people of the community 
 wherein his whole life had been passed. 
 
 H. E. Smith was bom in Sidney, Delaware county, New York, November 4, 
 1811. His father, Samuel Smith, was a native of Bennington, Vermont, and as a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1003 
 
 boy witnessed the battle of Bennington, fought during the Eevolution. Samuel 
 married Lucy Greenslit, and during the closing years of the last century removed 
 to Sidney, New York, where he spent the remainder of his life. H. E. was reared, 
 in Sidney, and when a young man went tO' Oneonta to learn the boot and shoe 
 trade, remaining there until his removal to Tioga, Pennsylvania, in February, 1839. 
 Upon his arrival in that borough, he embarked in the boot and shoe business, which 
 he carried on in his own name until 1854, when the firm became H. B. Smith & 
 Son, his son, Henry N., taking an interest in the business. In 1856 the latter 
 removed to Buffalo, and September 29, 1859, his brother, C. B., became a member 
 of the firm, the title remaining the same up to the present. Mr. Smith was married 
 January 6, 1831, to Lucy M. Mantor, a daughter of Thomas and Mehitable Mantor. 
 She was bom November 25, 1813. This venerable couple, who recently celebrated 
 their sixty-sixth wedding anniversary, are the parents of four children, viz: Maria 
 L., widow of Dr. H. H. Borden; Henry N., a resident of New York City; C. E., 
 and Julia E., wife of C. J. Wheeler, of Wellsboro. In politics, Mr. Smith is a 
 Eepublican. He was a member of the first borough council, and also seized in that 
 body from 1862 to 1865, and again in 1873. He has also served as a justice of the 
 peace and township treasurer, and has been prominent in every undertaking calcu- 
 lated to forward the welfare and prosperity of the borough. 
 
 C. E. Smith was bom in Oneonta, Otsego county. New York, June 14, 1836, 
 a son of H. E. and Lucy M. Smith, and grandson of Samuel Smith. After acquiring 
 a common school education, he took a course in Alfred University, Alfred Center, 
 New York. The years of 1857 and 1858 he spent principally in St. Paul and 
 Minneapolis, and in traveling over wh^t was then considered the far west. In 
 1859 he returned to Tioga, and on September 29, of that year, entered into nart- 
 nership with his father in the boot and shoe business, in which he has since con- 
 tinued. The firm sufliered by the fire of 1871, but notwithstanding their heavy 
 loss at that time, have since carried on the business with success. Mr. Smith was 
 married August 24, 1859, to Mary Thorne Miller, a daughter of Abram and Julia 
 Miller, of Southport, New York. Their only child, Harry O., married Lena Phelps, 
 and resides in Tioga. In politics, Mr. Smith is a Eepublican, has been a member 
 of the borough council several terms, and is one of the leading citizens of Tioga. 
 
 Eettben Daggett was a native of Westmoreland county. New Hampshire, and 
 removed to Paris, Oneida county. New York, whence he came to Jackson township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1807. Here, with the assistance of his sons, Eufus, 
 Eeuben and Seth, he erected a mill, at the point since knovra as Daggett's Mills, 
 where he spent the remaining years of his life. 
 
 Seth Daggett, a son of Eeuben Daggett, was bom in Westmoreland county. 
 New Hampshire, July 3, 1790, and was seventeen years old when his father settled 
 in this county. He assisted him in operating the mill and became one of the 
 prominent citizens of the county, filling the office of sheriff one term. He built 
 several saw-mills in various localities, and in 1842 came to Tioga borough and pur- 
 chased the Willard property, and also three farms. He married Eunice Allen; of 
 Barnstable, Massachusetts, who bore him the following children: Allen, who died 
 in Lawrenceville, in March, 1886; George, who died in 1850; Lewis, a resident of 
 Tioga; Clymena, deceased wife of Eichard Stilwell; Minerva, widow of Daniel 
 
1004 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Dewey; Kowena, wife of W. T. Urell, of Tioga; Maxy Ann, widow of H. W. Caulk- 
 ing, and Charlotte, deceased. Mr. Daggett died Jannaxy 3, 1874, and his wife, 
 March 23, 1864. 
 
 Lewis Daggett, son of Seth Daggett, and grandson of Kenben Daggett, was 
 bom in Jackson township, Tioga county, May 5, 1816. He received a common 
 school education and began his business life as a lumberman and farmer. In 1838 
 he opened a general store at Daggett's Mills, and later built a saw-mill. In 1848 
 he came to Tioga, subsequently removing to Chatham township, where he remained 
 eighteen months. Eeturning to Tioga, he was engaged in merchandising for a 
 number of years. In 1870 he removed to Lawreneeville, where he ran the Daggett 
 House for a number of years, and was then succeeded by his son, W. L. In 1890 
 Mr. Daggett returned to Tioga, where he has since resided. On March 4, 1839, he 
 married Ellen S. Wells, a daughter of Norman and Elizabeth Wells. Of seven 
 children bom to this imion, three are living, as follows: Seth 0., of Tioga; W. 
 L., of Bellefonte, and Myrtle, wife of P. W. Fletcher, of Newberry, Lycoming 
 county. Mrs. Daggett was born January 30, 1821, and died on June 22, 1894. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and in religion, a Universalist. He was appointed 
 postmaster of Tioga in 1851, by President Pillmore, and in 1861 by President 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Seth 0. Daggett was bom at Daggett's Mills, September 14, 1845, and is 
 the oldest living child of Lewis Daggett. He obtained his education in the com- 
 mon schools and at Mansfield State Normal School, and before he was sixteen 
 years old began clerking for Sly & Alford, of Tioga. In 1862 he bought out the 
 business, continued it four years, and then engaged in lumbering on Pine creek, 
 which he followed one year. He next went west and spent some time in Chicago, 
 Cincinnati ajid other places. In 1870 he engaged in the hotel business with his 
 father in Lawreneeville, remaining there until 1880, when he came to Tioga and 
 conducted the Park Hotel for a year and a half. He next ran the Kiple House, 
 of Honesdale; then the Eyant House, of Horseheads, New York, two years; the 
 Wilcox House, of Wellsboro, five years; the Seymour House, of Blossburg, a year, 
 and the Stinson House, of Athens, one year. On July 1, 1890, he became proprietor 
 of the Park Hotel, of Tioga, which he conducted till May, 1896. Mr. Daggett was 
 married June 9, 1878, to Ella Boynton, who bore him two children, Georgia A. 
 and Leah M. His wife died October 2, 1885; he was again married on October 
 19, 1893, to Katie Hymes, who has borne him one child, Aldean M. In politics, 
 Mr. Daggett is a Eepublican, and is also a member of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & 
 A. M. 
 
 De. Jacob Schieffelin was bom in New York City, April 20, 1793. His 
 father, Jacob SchiefEelin, was bom in Philadelphia, August 24, 1757, and his 
 grandfather in Germany, February 4, 1732. The subject of this sketch was reared 
 to manhood in his native city. When but seventeen years of age he was an ensign 
 in the militia, at twenty a captain and at twenty-one a colonel. After a thorough 
 preparatory education, he began the study of medicine in 1810 with Dr. Onder- 
 donk, afterward Protestant Episcopal bishop of Pennsylvania, and attended three 
 courses of lectures at Columbia College, from which institution he graduated in 
 1822. He at once became a partner with his brother, H. H. Schieflelin, in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1005 
 
 ■wholesale drug house of H. H. SchiefEelin & Company, of New York. During 
 the next &ve yeaxs he spent his summers in New York and his winters in Savannah, 
 Charleston, Mobile, New Orleans and Hayana, acquiring in the meantime a fair 
 knowledge of the Spanish language. He was in command of the militia regiment 
 in New York City that received Lafayette in 1824, and at the reception which 
 followed he was presented to that distinguished visitor. In 1824 he went to Mexico 
 and opened a branch store. While there he made the acquaintance of Santa Anna, 
 then a lieutenant in the Mexican cavalry, but afterwards the celebrated commander- 
 in-chief of the Mexican army. In 1828, having previonsly purchased large bodies 
 of land in Tioga and Lycoming counties, Pennsylvania, he removed to Tioga 
 county and located on Hill's creek, in Chaxleston township. In 1830 he erected 
 a saw-mill and the fallowing year a laxge frame dwelling. He later disposed of his 
 land and in 1845 removed to Tioga borough, where he passed the remaining years 
 of his Ufe, dying December 27, 1880, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. Dr. 
 SchiefEelin married Elizabeth Black and reared the following named children: 
 Chnton, who died in Los Angeles, California; Alfred, a resident of «Charleston 
 township; Elizabeth, a resident of Tioga; Laura, who married the late 0. B. 
 Lowell, of Tioga, and died in Elmira, September 18, 1866; Cornelia, who lives in 
 Los Angeles, California; Edward G-., a resident of Wellsboro and superintendent 
 of the Stokesdale tannery; Jacob, a retired merchant of Tioga, and Mrs. Hannah 
 Lyon, who lives in Illinois. Mrs. Schieifelin died in 1881, aged eighty-four years. 
 
 Jacob Schieefelin, youngest son of Dr. Jacob Schieffelin, was born in Charles- 
 ton township, Tioga county, April 18, 1838, and removed with his parents to Tioga 
 in 1845, where he grew to manhood. In 1866 he was one of the contractors who 
 drilled the oil well on the Abiel Sly land, on Bear creek. In 1867 he established 
 in Tioga a hardware and tinsmithing business, which he carried on with marked 
 success until January, 1895, when he sold out to William Kimball and retired 
 from active business. Mr. SchiefEelin was married February 1, 1865, to Ella Eyon, 
 a daughter of Charles and Susanna Gertrude (White) Eyon, and has three children, 
 viz: Lila G., Edward E. and Jacob. Mrs. SchiefEelin died in 1894, aged fifty-two 
 years. In politics, Mr. SchiefEelin is a Eepubliean, and in religion, a member of 
 the Presbyterian church. Since arriving at manhood he has been regarded as one 
 of the most enterprising citizens of Tioga, and every worthy project has found in 
 him an earnest and liberal supporter. He stands high in the esteem of his fellow- 
 citizens, afi a man of sterling integrity and upright character. 
 
 W. T. Ueei,l was bom at Eath-na-leen, County Tipperary, Ireland, in May, 
 1832. He immigrated to the United States and settled in Tioga, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1848, where he found employment in the store of Lewis Daggett. He after- 
 wards served as deputy postmaster under C. G. Dennison during the presidency of 
 Taylor and Pierce, and in 1857 was appointed postmaster by President Buchanan, 
 a position he held until 1861. He was also postmaster during President Cleve- 
 land's first term, resigning at that time the office of justice of the peace, which he 
 had filled for several terms. In 1857 Mr. Urell embarked in business, confining 
 himself to groceries, provisions, books and notions, and has to his credit a continu- 
 ous and successful business career of nearly forty years. He owes his sucpess in life 
 to persistent and persevering industry, strict honesty, and sterling integrity, which 
 
1006 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 have won for him the respect and confidence of the community in which he has 
 lived for nearly half a eentmy. Mr. TJrell united with the Presbyterian church 
 about 1860. He married Eowena Daggett, a daughter of Maj. Seth Daggett, to 
 which union have been bom five children, all natives of Tioga, viz: Robert Emmett, 
 bom June 4, 1851; Charles Allen, October 16, 1852; Mary Lottie, November 4, 
 1864; Tom Moore, May 3, 1857, and Richard Daggett, June 19, 1859. Robert E. 
 married Eva Squire, only child of Aaron Squire, June 21, 1893. Mary L. mar- 
 ried H. L. Baldwin, a lawyer of Tioga, June 36, 1884, and has two daughters. 
 Marguerite and Dorothy. Tom M. married Maud Babcock, a daughter of F. G. 
 and Prances L. Babcock, of Tioga, October 12, 1893. Richard D. remained at 
 home until 1887 and then took charge of the Brooklyn Hotel, which he has since 
 purchased and still conducts. He married Emma VanGorder, who has borne him 
 two children, Nona, deceased, and Walter. With the exception of a few years the 
 three elder sons have been and are the efficient assistants of their father in the 
 mercantile business. The whole family have been life-long Democrats and have 
 taken an active interest in promoting the success of the principles and measures of 
 that party. Robert E., especially, has been prominent in local politics. He believes 
 in free trade and advocates the single tax theory on land values as the only means to 
 insure and preserve the equal rights of all men to a fair share of the land. He was the 
 Democratic county chairman in 1890, and his party's nominee for state senator in 
 the Twenty-fifth district in 1892. Though unable to overcome the large Republi- 
 can majority he made a vigorous and creditable canvass. 
 
 Stephen C. Alfoed was bom in Connecticut, in 1817, and removed with his 
 parents to Bainbridge, New York, at an early age. About 1831 he came to Tioga, 
 Pennsylvania, and began clerking for A. C. Bush, with whom he remained several 
 years. In 1855 he embarked in merchandising in partnership with Abiel Sly, and 
 the firm of Sly & Alford continued in business for seven years. Mr. Alford mar- 
 ried Ruth Lindsey, a daughter of David B. Lindsey. She was bom in Wellsboro, 
 Tioga county, in 1824, and is still living. She became the mother of two children: 
 James, who died in 1862, and H. S., of Tioga. Mr. Alford died in January, 1871, 
 after a residence in Tioga of some forty years. 
 
 H. S. Alfokd, only living child of Stephen C. and Ruth Alford, was bom in 
 Tioga, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1855. He received a good English education, 
 and subsequently found employment with the Erie Railroad Company, serving as 
 assistant telegraph operator under J. Dillistin, whom he succeeded in 1883, as 
 ticket and freight agent of the Erie Company in Tioga, a position he still holds. 
 He is also a member of the firm of Alford & Inscho, coal dealers. Mr. Alford was 
 married September 30, 1880, to Mary E. Doane, a daughter of Jesse B. Doane, and 
 has one daughter, Bessie. In politics, Mr. Alford is a Republican, and is also con- 
 nected with Tioga Lodge, No. 373, P. & A. M.; Phoenix Lodge, No. 933, K. of H.,, 
 and Tioga Tent, No. 176, K. 0. T. M. In the discharge of the duties of his position, 
 Mr. Alford has proven not only loyal to the interests of the railroad company, but 
 has made himself deservedly popular with the traveling public by his uniform 
 kindness and courtesy. 
 
 Jonas, Galusha Putnam was bom in New York state, in 1810. In early 
 life he was a millwright and built several of the first mills erected in northeastern. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1007 
 
 New York. In 1849 lie came to Tioga, Pennsylvania, where he continued to follow 
 the same business up to 1886, when he retired from active labor. He was married 
 in Essex county, New York, to Sophia Havens, who became the mother of three 
 children, as follows: George Stevenson and Mrs. E. S. Hickok, both residents of 
 Buffalo, and John H., a lawyer of Tioga. Mr. Putnam died in 1893, and his wife, 
 in 1886, in the seventy-second year of her age. 
 
 Philo Tullek, druggist, was born in Butler, Wayne county. New York, Octo- 
 ber 26, 1837, a son of Worden and Elizabeth (Olmstead) Tullcr. His father settled 
 in Wayne county at an early day, but afterwards removed to Hastings county, 
 Ontario, Canada, where he passed the remainder of his life. Philo received a com- 
 mon school education and at the age of eighteen began learning the cabinet-making 
 trade in Lyons, Wayne county, New York. In 1851 he came to Tioga, where he 
 carried on the cabinet-making business until 1860. Prom 1863 until after the 
 war, Mr. TuUer was employed by the government in the construction department. 
 He then returned to Tioga and embarked in the drug business, which he has carried 
 on successfully for the past thirty j^eaxs. On December 14, 1850, he married 
 Harriet Mack. In politics, Mr. TuUer is a Republican; was one of the signers of 
 the petition asking for the corporation of Tioga borough; served in the council 
 in 1866, 1871 and 1873; was a justice of the peace from 1867 to 1870; postmaster 
 of Tioga from 1868 to 1885, and was elected burgess in February, 1897. During 
 a residence of nearly half a century in Tioga, Mr. TuUer has been identified with 
 every movement for the upbuilding of the community. To' a successful and hon- 
 orable business career, he has added the reputation of a public-spirited citizen. In 
 his business he has kept pace with the times, and has a well-stocked store, especially 
 attractive in its interior arrangement. 
 
 Joseph Smead was born in Massachusetts, in 1759, and removed to Swanzey, 
 New Hampshire, at an early day, where he followed the blacksmith's trade. He 
 was an ardent patriot and served with honor in the Continental army during the 
 Revolution. He was twice married. His first wife, Sarah Lyman, bore him one 
 daughter, Sallie, who died in youth. His second wife, was Mrs. Sarah Wetherell, 
 nee Brown, widow of Bbenezer Wetherell. She became the mother of three chil- 
 dren, as follows: Persis Lyman, who died in 1840; Joseph B., a retired machinist 
 of Massachusetts, and Ephraim A., of Tioga. Mr. Smead died in 1834, and his 
 wife in 1858. 
 
 Ephhaim a. Smead, youngest child of Joseph and Sarah Smead, was born in 
 Swanzey, New Hampshire, February 1, 1833, and there obtained a common school 
 ediTcation. When seventeen years old he went to Boston and learned the tinner's 
 trade, at which he worked until 1853, when he came to Tioga county and bought 
 some land. Soon afterwards he secured a patent for making square pans, the right 
 to use which he sold in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other cities. In 1863 
 he came to Tioga borough and embarked in the hardware business, which he has 
 successfully continued up to the present, and erected his present store building on 
 Wellsboro street in 1873. On September 38, 1846, Mr. Smead married Susan 
 Knight, a daughter of Joseph and Sarah Knight. She was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, November 6, 1836. In politics, Mr. Smead is a Republican. He was one 
 of the signers of the petition asking for the incorporation of Tioga; served in the 
 
1008 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 ooiuncil from 1877 to 1881; was elected burgess in 1882, 1892, 1893 and 1894, and 
 was borough treasurer from 1884 to 1887, and again in 1889. He is a member 
 of St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal church, of Tioga, and also of Tioga Lodge, 
 No. 373, P. & A. M., and Tioga Eiver Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. P. Mr. Smead is 
 one of the leading citizens and substantial business men of Tioga. 
 
 Eli S. Pake was bom and reared at "Windham, Vermont, and there married 
 Mary Putnam. Pour children were bom to this union, as follows: W. 0., a book- 
 keeper in Seattle, Washington; Abram, superintendent of the Middlebury tannery, 
 and a resident of Niles Valley; C. B., of Williamsport, and Leroy, a resident of 
 Tioga. About 1854 Mr. Parr and family came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and located at the old railway station below Tioga borough, where Mr. Parr operated 
 a saw-mill and carried on a grocery store for a short time. He then moved back 
 to Vermont, where he stayed a year or two. About 1857 or 1858 he returned to 
 Tioga county, and after a short stay in Tioga borough, located in Wellsboro, and 
 conducted a hotel on the site of the present Coles House. About 1859 he removed 
 to the site now occupied by the Wilcox House, where he kept hotel for several 
 years. In 1863 he returned to Tioga borough, and took charge of the Goodrich 
 Hotel. He retired from active business in 1880, and died October 8, 1890, aged 
 seventy-six years. His widow is living in Tioga borough. 
 
 C. B. Pake, a son of Eli S. Parr, was born in Windham, Vermont, Pebruary 
 22, 1846, and was about nine years old when his parents came to Tioga county. He 
 attended the common schools of Wellsboro and Tioga. He later clerked for A. P. 
 Cone, on Pine creek, and next became a clerk for Eeddington, Maxwell & Leonard, 
 of Troy, Bradford county. In 1868 he took an interest in the mercantile business 
 with T. A. Wickham, which then became Wickham & Parr. He remained in this 
 firm until 1878, when he became interested with 0. B. Lowell in the Tioga and 
 Middlebury tanneries, which partnership was dissolved in 1884 and the business 
 discontinued. Mr. Parr then embarked in the lumber business on Pine creek, 
 under the firm name of 0. B. Parr & Company. In May, 1893, the firm sold out 
 to the Union Tanning Company, and he later removed to Williamsport, where he is 
 engaged with that company. Mr. Parr was married December 13, 1870, to Ella 
 A. Wellington, a daughter of Samuel B. and Amelia Wellington, and has two 
 children, Lowell W. and Quiney W. The family is connected with the Protestant 
 Episcopal church. In polities, Mr. Parr is a Eepublican, and was prominent in 
 the local councils of his party. He served in the borough council in 1869, and 
 from 1878 to 1883; also as burgess of Tioga from 1887 to 1891. He has also 
 filled the ofiice of school director, and is a man of commendable enterprise and 
 public spirit. 
 
 N. E. Shappee was born near Horseheads, Chemung county. New York, No- 
 vember 24, 1833, a son of Abner K. and Polly (Brooks) Shappee. His parents 
 resided in Chemung county until their death. They reared a family of seven chil- 
 dren, as follows: David, a resident of Alpine, New York; Abner, who died in 
 Nebraska in 1893; Thomas, a resident of Elmira, who died in 1895; Knapp, of 
 the same city, who died in 1896; Nathan E., of Tioga; Mariett, deceased wife of 
 Louis Larrison, of Horseheads, and Eebecca, wife of Burton Stanley, of Tioga. 
 The subject of this sketch received a common school education, and came to Tioga 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1009 
 
 in early manhood, where he followed the occupation of teaming for many years. 
 By industry and prudence he has accumulated a valuable property. On May 17, 
 1853, Mr. Shappee married Julia Schoch, a daughter of Frederick and Eosina Schoch, 
 who has borne him four children: Eosa, wife of F. C. Prutsman, of Elmira; Mollie, 
 who died in infancy; Anna, who died March 17, 1893, and Frederick W., a sten- 
 ographer of Tioga. During the Civil War Mr. Shappee served as a corporal in 
 Company H, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and for a part of the time was 
 quartermaster sergeant. In politics, a Eepublican, he has served in the council 
 from 1890 to 1896, and also filled the office of street commissioner for three years. 
 He is a member of Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. E., also of the E. A. TJ., and in religion, 
 is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Feedeeick W. Shappee, only son of N. E. Shappee, was born in Tioga, Penn- 
 sylvania, July 27, 1872, and was educated in the Tioga graded school and at Miller's 
 Business College, Elmira, New York. He clerked for G. G. Saxton for three years 
 and in November, 1893, accepted a clerkship in the law office of F. B. Smith, of 
 Tioga, Pennsylvania, where he has since been with the exception of about six 
 months, when he was with the wholesale grocery house of C. E. Maltby & Brother, of 
 Coming, New York. In June, 1895, he married Ann Wilkin, daughter of Daniel 
 Wilkin, of Morris Eun, Pennsylvania, who has borne him one daughter. Mr. 
 Shappee is a Eepublican, and was elected auditor of Tioga borough in 1892, which 
 office he filled for three years, and at the expiration of his term was elected a justice 
 of the peace in February, 1895, which position he still holds. He is a charter mem- 
 ber of Smead Hose Company, No. 1; also a member of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, 
 F. & A. M., of Tioga. He is very fond of athletic sports and was a member of the 
 Smead Eunning Team which gained an enviable reputation as sprinters in Tioga 
 county in the summer of 1894. During the spare moments he finds time to pursue 
 the study of law and gives promise of attaining a CTeditable place in the ranks of 
 that profession. 
 
 John J. Davis was bom in Millbrook, Pembrokeshire, Wales, in 1837, and immi- 
 grated to the United States when ten years of age. He became a door-tender in the 
 coal mines at Hyde Park, Lackawanna county, Pennsylvania, and worked in the mines 
 until eighteen years of age. He was then made a foreman, and later explored and put 
 down a number of shafts for the company. He subsequently came to Blossburg, 
 Tioga county, and was employed by the old salt company and its successor, the 
 Morris Eun Coal Company, in exploring and developing the mines at Morris Eun. 
 Mr. Davis opened up the East and Salt Lake drifts. He advocated and adopted 
 the T rail for mine tramways, and was the first to introduce mules in the mines. 
 He resigned in December, 1874, upon which, occasion he was presented with a gold 
 watch inscribed as follows: "Presented to John J. Davis, by workingmen of Morris 
 Eun, Pennsylvania, as a token of their esteem, December, 1874." In 1876 he was 
 appointed superintendent of mines at Amot, by the Blossburg Coal Company, a 
 position he held until the fall of 1880. While filling it Mr. Davis explored and 
 re-opened the lower drift, experimented with the coal, and demonstrated its 
 adaptability for coking purposes. In the fall of 1880 he resigned and removed 
 to Mansfield to educate his children. In 1882 Mr. Davis was employed as superin- 
 tendent of construction of the Tioga Coke and Coal Washing Plant, at Tioga, by 
 64 
 
1010 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 the Fall Brook Coal Company, and upon the resignation of Hon. Simon B. Elliott, 
 he became superintendent of the plant. He died while holding this position, 
 January 21, 1891, after an illness of three months. He was succeeded 
 by his son, James T., who held the position until July 1, 1894, when 
 the plant closed down because of its inability to meet ruinous competition. Mr. 
 Davis married Mary V. James, who was born in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, in 
 1837, and is now a resident of Tioga borough. Seven children were born to this 
 union, viz: Alfred J., shipping agent at Philadelphia, of the Buffalo, Eoch ester 
 and Pittsburg Eailroad Company; Eowland W., clerk in the office of the Fall 
 Brook Coal Company, at Fall Brook; James T., of Tioga; Anna M., who died in 
 Sefptember, 1885; Mary G., John J., a resident of Philadelphia, and Franchot E. 
 In politics, Mr. Davis was a Eepublican, and cast his first vote in 1860 for Abraham 
 Lincoln. In religion, a Baptist, he organized the Union Sunday-school at Morris 
 Eun, and was active in church and social affairs. 
 
 James T. Datis was born at Morris Eun, Tioga county, February 19, 1865, 
 a son of John J. Davis. He was educated in the common schools and at the Mans- 
 field State Normal, and read medicine with Dr. H. H. Borden, of Tioga. In the 
 autumn of 1886 he entered the Medical Department of the University of New 
 York, and in 1887 became a student at Columbia College. Ill health compelled 
 him to abandon his studies and forego a professional career. Eeturning home he 
 clerked for his father, and February 10, 1890, was appointed postmaster of Tioga, 
 which office he resigned February 10, 1893. In January, 1891, he succeeded his 
 father as superintendent of the Tioga Coke and Coal Washing Plant, which position 
 he filled until the business was abandoned. On July 1, 1894, he succeeded E. P. 
 H. McAllister as local ticket and freight agent of the Fall Brook Eailroad Com- 
 pany, at Tioga, which office he still holds. In politics, a Eepublican, he has filled 
 the offices of constable, school director, collector and township clerk. He is a 
 member of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. M., and is one of the most popular men 
 in the community. 
 
 S. P. Hakes, physician and surgeon, was bom in Parish, Oswego county, New 
 York, June 2, 1861, a son of Eichard and Minerva (Mack) Hakes. He is one of 
 nine children, named as follows: Montrose, a resident of Parish; Lucius A., of 
 Syracuse; Harriet J., wife of Frank Jones, of Utica; Marie H., wife of Charles 
 Aldrich, of Parish; Eollin, deceased; Catherine, wife of John Crim, of Parish; 
 Nettie, deceased; S. P., and Ella, wife of John Dennis, also a 
 resident of Parish. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm, 
 and after pursuing a course of study at Mexico, New York, he came to Tioga, 
 Pennsylvania, and entered the drug store of Philo Tuller, where he clerked three 
 years. He then began reading medicine under Dr. Eobert B. Smith, of Tioga, and 
 later became a student in the Medical Department of the University of New York, 
 from which institution he graduated in the spring of 1888. Eeturning to Tioga 
 he at once began the practice of his profession, which he has continued up to the 
 present. Dr. Hakes was married April 2, 1891, to May Cole, a daughter of A. C. Cole, 
 of Hammond, Tioga county, to which union has been bom one son, Howard. In 
 polities. Dr. Hakes is a Eepublican, and is also a member of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, 
 F. & A. M., and of Tioga Eiver Lodge, No. 797, 1. 0. 0. P. He is the local medical 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. IQH 
 
 examiner of the Equitable, New York Life, Prudential, Mutual Benefit, Odd Fel- 
 lows, and other insurance companies and associations, and is also a member of the 
 board of pension examiners of Tioga county. Dr. Hakes has built up a large and 
 lucrative practice by close attention to his professional duties and persistent industry. 
 His success is a merited recognition of his personal integrity and professional honor. 
 He is progressive in his ideas, and keeps himself fully abreast of the improvements 
 in medical science. 
 
 William Kimball, son of Dayton C. and Mary (Dunham) Kimball, was bom 
 in Catlin, Chemung county, New York, April 18, 1848. ] He was reared on a farm, 
 and when fifteen years of age ran away from home and enlisted in Company C, 
 One Hundred and Sixty-first New York Volunteers, and served until the close of 
 the war. Returning home he engaged in farming and lumbering. On January 1, 
 1869, he married Sarah Dunham, a daughter of Wright Dunham, deceased, of 
 Bradford county, to which union have been born the following children: Jesse, 
 Grace, Harry and Frank. From 1881 to 1893, in addition to his lumber interests, 
 Mr. Kimball also kept a general store at Mitchell's Creek. In the early part of 
 January, 1895, he purchased the hardware and tinsmithing business of Jacob 
 Schiefielin, in Tioga, which he carried on in connection with lumbering, until 
 January, 1897, when John L. Inscho purchased an interest in the business, and 
 the firm became Inscho & Kimball. Mr. Kimball is an ardent Eepublican, and 
 has filled the office of county commissioner and also that of road supervisor. Jan- 
 uary 1, 1897, he was appointed superintendent of the county almshouse and farm, 
 which position he still holds. He is a membra" of Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. 
 M.; Tioga River Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F., and Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. R., in 
 all of which he takes an active interest. 
 
 WiLBUB Bbown was born in Tioga township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 May 6, 1889, a son of Joseph and Eva Brown. His father, a native of Connecticut, 
 came to this county at an early day, where he followed farming and lumbering. 
 His mother died when Wilbur was a child, and his father remarried, and died in 
 1849, aged seventy-two years. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, 
 and throughout his earlier years followed farming and lumbering. He served in 
 Company H, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and took part 
 ia the battles of Fort Steadman, Port Royal, Spottsylvania and Petersburg. In 
 1866 he located in Farmington township, on a farm which he still owns, remaining 
 there until 1893. In that year he rerrioved to Tioga village, where he owns a resi- 
 dence and a small tract of land, and is living retired from the active duties of life. 
 Mr. Brown was married August 17, 1849, to Lucy Sharp, a daughter of Philip and 
 Catherine Sharp, and a native of Campbell Town, Steuben county, New York. 
 Her ancestors came from France and settled on the Delaware river, and later became 
 pioneers of Steuben county. Her father died in 1849, aged seventy-five years, 
 and her mother, in 1873, at the age of eighty-eight. Mrs. Brown is the mother 
 of four children, viz: Delia, wife of Thomas Spencer, of Farmington; Frajices 
 C, who died at the age of thirty-five; Reuben T., of Tioga township, and George, 
 of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 In politics, he is a Republican, and is also a member of Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. R. 
 
 Walter C. Adams was bo'm in Tioga, Pennsylvania, May 9, 1868, a son of 
 
±012 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Frank H. and Ellen M. (Carpenter) Adams. He was educated in the common 
 school's and Selwyn Hall Military School, Eeading, Pennsylvania. He learned 
 telegraphy and worked in the office of the Fall Brook Eailroad Company at Tioga, 
 four years, and later for some time in Buffalo, New York, in the Western Union 
 Telegraph office. He then clerked in his father's store in Tioga for two years. 
 In June, 1894, he engaged in the meat market and grocery business in the Park 
 Hotel block, Tioga, continuing until June, 1895. Since July, 1895, he has been 
 employed in the passenger service of the Fall Brook Eailway Company, and now 
 resides in Wellsboro. Mr. Adams was married September 18, 1886, to Nettie Van 
 Gorder, a daughter of George and Derinda VanGorder, and has one child, Dorothy. 
 In politics, he is a Eepublicaji, and in religion, a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Daniel L. Nobles, son of Loron and Jane C. (Eussell) Nobles, of Delmar 
 township, Tioga county, was bom in Delmar, November 16, 1850, and is the fifth 
 in a family of seven children. He received a common school education, was 
 reared upon the homestead, and after amving at manhood followed lumbering 
 about ten years. He next kept the Guide Board House, on the Wellsboro road, 
 in Delmar township, for four years. In 1890 he came to Tioga borough and em- 
 barked in the livery business, which he still carries on. Mr. Nobles was married 
 April 32, 1872, to Emma J. English, a daughter of William and Mary Ann English, 
 and has had two children, William H. and Charles Wesley, the latter of whom died 
 at two years of age. Mrs. Nobles' father died Februajy 4, 1890, and her mother. 
 May 26, 1870. She is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and with 
 her husband has been connected with Keystone Lodge, No. 105, Order of the 
 World. He is a member of Tioga Tent, K. 0. T. M., and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 Thomas Graves was born near Covington, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1820, a son of Josiah and Polly Graves, pioneers of that locality. He there grew 
 to manhood, and for a number of years afterwards conducted a hotel in Covington, 
 keeping at different times the Covington and Mansion Hotels. He married 
 Samantha Howe, who bore him the following children: Esther M., wife of Ed- 
 ward Doane, of Mansfield; Harr}' T., editor of the Milled;on Advocate; Frederick 
 L., editor of the Tioga Argus j Fannie, wife of W. J. Keeney, of Southport, New 
 York, and Walter A., a resident of Seely Creek, in the same State. Mr. Graves is 
 still living, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. 
 
 Frederick L. Graves, editor of the Tioga Argus, was bom in Covington, 
 Tioga county, April 8, 1852, second son of Thomas Graves. He received a com- 
 mon school education, and in October, 1870, began learning the printing trade in 
 the office of the Blossburg Register, then conducted by his brother, Haary T. He 
 later acquired an interest in the paper, the firm becoming Graves Brothers. In 
 the spring of 1875 he sold his interest to I. E. Doud, and continued in the office as 
 an employe. In 1878 he became Doud's partner, and two yeai-s afterwards they 
 sold the plant to John L. Sexton, Mr. Graves continuing to work in the office. 
 From 1882 to 1884 he published the Elkland Journal and then worked at his trade 
 in Mansfield for a time. He next became interested in the Blossburg Register, 
 as a partner of S. N. Havens, and subsequently with C. H. Ely. He afterwards 
 worked in Mansfield, remaining in that place until July 22, 1892, when he came 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1013 
 
 to Tioga and established the Argus, which he has since edited and published. Mr. 
 Graves was married Januajy 2d, 1879, to Maggie Lajiane, who died December 10, 
 1893, leaving a family of six children, viz: M. Flora, Fred L., Lulu E., Kaymond 
 J., Max V. and T. Walter. In polities, Mr. Graves is a Democrat. He is a member 
 o/Tioga Eiver Lodge, No. 797, 1. 0. 0. F., and of Tioga Tent, No. 176, K. 0. T. M. 
 
 Jeptha Hughes was bom ia DanvOle, Pennsylvania, where his father, Thomas 
 Hughes, settled before the Eevolution. On March 36, 1816, he purchased of John 
 Harrold, a tract of land in Lycoming county, on which he laid out the village of 
 Hughesburg, now the borough of Hughesville. He sold out his interests in July, 
 1820, to Daniel Harrold, and removed to Tioga county, locating finally at Beecher's 
 Island, where he remained until April 12, 1838, when he settled at Mitchell's 
 Creek, in Tioga township. Here he passed the remainder of his life. While a 
 resident of Lycoming county, Mr. Hughes married Betsey Hill, to which union 
 were born eight children, three in Lycoming and five in Tioga county, as follows: 
 Rachel, who married Charles Button; Sailie, wife of James Dewey; Frederick, a 
 resident of Tioga township; Polly, widow of John VanWey; Betsey, who married 
 Charles Gray; Eebecca, who married David Cunningham; George, a resident of 
 Jackson township, and Catherine, who lives with her brother George. 
 
 Feedbeick Hughes, oldest son of Jeptha Hughes, was bom in Hughesville, 
 Lycoming county, November 13, 1820, and came with his parents to Mitchell's 
 Creek in 1838. He remained with his parents on the homestead farm until he 
 was twenty-three years old, and thus assisted to rear and support his younger brothers 
 and sisters. He then worked out by the day for one year, and by prudence and 
 economy saved enough from his earnings to give him a start in life. He bought 
 130 acres of the Bingham estate, near the head of Mitchell's creek, containing some 
 improvements. With this as a beginning, he farmed in summer and followed lum- 
 bering ia winter, investing his earnings in land. By the exercise of good Judgment 
 he eventually acquired 1,600 acres lying along Mitchell's creek, thus becoming one 
 of the largest land owners and leading farmers in Tioga county. On June 17, 
 1847, Mr. Hughes married Harriet VanWey, a daughter of Henry and Betsey Yan 
 Wey, who bore him the following children: Henrietta, Benjamin, who died March 9, 
 1896; Betsey, wife of George Meeker; Phoebe, wife of Alonzo Gage; George A., of 
 Tioga township; Frank, a resident of Lavirrence township; Sim, Charles, John, 
 Hattie, who died in childhood; Frederick, a resident of Denver, Colorado, and 
 William E. Mr. Hughes has divided his land among his children, giving to each a 
 liberal amount of his large estate, retaining for himself only 100 acres surrounding 
 the family home at Mitchell's Creek.' In politics, he is an ardent Democrat, and 
 takes a deep iaterest in public affairs. He is recognized as one of the leading and 
 pubhc-spirited citizens of the township, of which he has been a resident for nearly 
 sixty years. 
 
 Geoege a. Hughes, oldest living son of Frederick Hughes, was born in Tioga 
 township, Tioga county, June 28, 1853. He was reared on the homestead farm 
 and remained with his parents until his twenty-second year. In 1875 he rented 
 a farm from his father, which he cultivated up to 1887, and then purchased the 
 old Peter Guernsey farm of 103 acres, on the Tioga river, one mile south of the 
 borough of Tioga, upon which he still lives. Mr. Hughes was married October 
 
1014 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 7, 1890, to Euby Smith, a daughter of Garrett and Abigail Smith, and has three 
 children: George, Thomas and Alfred. Mrs. Hughes' parents are residents of 
 Jackson township. In politics, Mr. Hughes is a Democrat, and is one of the pros- 
 perous and progressive farmers of Tioga. 
 
 C. F. MiLLEE was bom in Big Flats, Chemung county, New York, July 13, 
 1825, a son of John S. and Euth (Larison) Miller. His father was a native of 
 New Jersey, and his mother of Connecticut. They were the parents of nine chil- 
 dren, as follows: Horace D. and J. Foster, both deceased; Maria, wife of Austin 
 Eeeder, of Big Flats; Enoch Ward, deceased; C. F., of Tioga township; De- 
 borah, a resident of Elmira; John A., deceased; Orpha, and Hester, wife of John 
 Campbell, of Chemung county. Mr. Miller was reared on a farm, and when thir- 
 teen years old began to earn his own living, working out as a farm hand. In the 
 fall of 1844 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on the Major Bent- 
 ley farm, in Tioga township, purchasing 100 acres of it, to which he added 200 acres 
 more in 1883. Mr. Miller was married in 1847, to Mary D. Lawrence, a 
 daughter of Minard and Clarissa (Mix) Lawrence, which union has been blessed 
 by five children, viz: Charles L., of "Wellsboro; Frank S., a resident of Eau Claire, 
 "Wisconsin; Waldo W., a resident of Wellsboro; Simeon P., who lives at home, and 
 Thomas M., who died in childhood. Mr. Miller has one of the finest and best im- 
 proved farms in the township, and the family residence is a substantial and hand- 
 some structure, built with a view to making it a cheerful, homelike abode. In 
 politics, Mr. Miller is an ardent Eepublican, and a prominent member of his party 
 in Tioga county. He served as one of the county commissioners from 1862 to 
 1865, when he was elected county treasurer and filled that office one term. He has 
 also served as supervisor, assessor and school director in his township. He is a 
 member of Tioga Eiver Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F. In religion, the family are 
 Presbyterians, and liberal supporters of the church. Mr. Miller is not only a suc- 
 cessful and progressive farmer, but is recognized as a popular and public-spirited 
 citizen, who gives his support to every worthy project. 
 
 Michael Hickey was bom in Middle Swanzey, Cheshire county New Hamp- 
 shire, May 25, 1850, and is the only child of Charles and Mary (Hogan) Hickey. 
 His parents were natives of County Clare, Ireland, and immigrated to New Hamp- 
 shire in 1844. In 1850 they removed to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled 
 in Tioga township, where his father found employment with Joseph Aiken. His 
 mother died in December, 1851, and his father was again married to Ellen Mc- 
 Namara. Michael was reared in Tioga township, and in early manhood began 
 work on the railroads, which he has pursued in connection with farming up to the 
 present. He has been section boss for the Erie company at Mitchell's Creek for 
 twenty-nine years, and is one of the oldest and most faithful employes of the 
 company. In 1877 he purchased sixty acres of land half a mile east of Mitchell's 
 Creek, to which he has added at different times until he now owns a well-improved 
 farm of 320 acres, which is managed for him by his oldest son, Charles D. Mr. 
 Hickey was married December 19, 1869, to Mary McCarty, of Caton, Steuben county, 
 New York. Seven children have blessed this union, named as follows: Charles D., 
 Michael, James, Mary C, Anna, Margaret and Theresa. The family are members 
 of the Catholic church, and in politics, stanch adherents of the Democratic party. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAl SKETCHES. IQIS 
 
 Mr. Hickey^s father makes his home with him. Although a man who has had to 
 make his way in the world by hard work, Mr. Hickey has found time by hberal 
 reading to keep well abreast of the progress of the age, and is one of the intelligent 
 and well informed citizens of the township. 
 
 C. W. Loveless was bom in Saratoga county, New York, and there married 
 Leafy Graham, a native of the same county. In 1854 they came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, and settled on Mill creek, in Tioga township, a mile above the present 
 home of his son, C. 0. Here he followed lumbering until 1884, when he sold out 
 to his son, C. 0., and went to South Dakota, where he died March 32, 1894, aged 
 sixty-five years. His widow makes her home with her children in Tioga county. 
 The following named children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Loveless: C. 0., of Tioga 
 township; William and Frank, residents of Potter county, South Dakota; Fannie, 
 wife of Frank Woodward, of Wysox, Bradford county, and Leafy, wife of William 
 Archer, of Tioga township. 
 
 C. 0. Loveless was bom in Saratoga county, New York, December 7, 1850, 
 and was in his fourth year when his parents, C. W. and Leafy Loveless, came to 
 Tioga county. He was reared on the homestead in Tioga township, attended the 
 district schools in boyhood, and has made farming and lumbering his life vocation. 
 In 1884 he bought out his father, and now owns a well improved property of 413 
 acres, a part of which is timber land. On December 30, 1871, Mr. Loveless mar- 
 ried Harriet VanNess, a daughter of Peter V. and Celia VanNess, who has borne 
 him five children, viz: Harry, Edith, Fred, Mark and Ella. Mrs. Loveless' parents 
 are residents of Mansfield. In politics, Mr. Loveless is a Eepubliean, and has 
 served as supervisor and school director. Both he and wife are members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church of Tioga, and he is also connected with Tioga Eiver 
 Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F. Mr. Loveless is a successful fanner, and a man of in- 
 tegrity, enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 Jehemiah Millee was born in Claverick, New York, December 19, 1783, and 
 married Sally Campbell, May 17, 1808. She was a native of Nobletown, New York, 
 bom January 16, 1787, and was of Scotch ancestry, while her husband was of Ger- 
 man descent. Mr. Miller was an early settler of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he followed farming until 1854, in which year he moved to Tioga county 
 and settled .on Mann hill, in Lawrence township. He died in Illinois, October 1, 
 1859, while on a visit to relatives. His wife died in Tioga, October 3, 1863. 
 
 Cephas C. Millee was bom in Smithfield, Bradford county, August 17, 1817, 
 a son of Jeremiah Miller, and removed to Lawrence township, Tioga county, in 
 1854. He remained in that township nine years, and then located in Tioga bor- 
 ough. In 1874 he returned to Lawrence, remaining there until December, 1880, 
 when he settled on the farm on Mill creek, in Tioga township, now owned by his 
 son, Charles L., where he has since lived. Mr. Miller was married December 20, 
 1846, to Lucia D. Kelley, a daughter of Lewis and Matilda Kelley, of Bradford 
 county, and has four children, viz: Mary, wife of John L. Inseho, of Tioga; Flora, 
 wife of Arthur Tilden, of Waverly, New York; Charles L., of Tioga township, and 
 Eatie, wife of George Castle, of Elmira. 
 
 Chaeles L. Millee, only son of Cephas C. Miller, and grandson of Jeremiah 
 Miller, was bom in Lawrence township, Tioga county, March 10, 1856. He ob- 
 
1016 HISTOKT OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tained a common school education and was reared a farmer. On March. 35, 1885, 
 he married Mbjj T. Kimball, a daughter of Dayton C. Kimball, of Mitchell's Creek, 
 and has two children, Harry Eay and Flora May. In politics, Mr. Miller is a EepubU- 
 can, and in religion the whole family are members of the Baptist church. He haa 
 served as township auditor for three years, and is an enterprising and progressive 
 citizen. 
 
 Jacob H. Westbkooe;, son of Solomon and Elizabeth Westbrook, was bom in 
 Middlebury township, Tioga county, October 1, 1832. He was reared on his father's 
 farm, and received a common school education. On October 12, 1859, he married 
 Mary Angle Button, a daughter of Dean and Sallie (Stevens) Dntton. She was 
 bom on the farm where they now reside, October 12, 1841. Her parents were 
 natives of Vermont and early settlers of Tioga township. Her father died April 
 27, 1871, aged sixty-two years, and her mother in November, 1883, aged eighty 
 years. Three children have been bom to Mr. and Mrs. Westbrook, as follows: 
 Elroy, a resident of Olean, New York; Walter, who lives in Blmira, and Anna, 
 wife of George L. Strait, of Mansfield. In polities, Mr. Westbrook is a Republican. 
 He is one of the successful farmers of the county, and is the owner of a well- 
 improved farm of nearly 300 acres. 
 
 John G. Kbntch was bom in Meissen, Saxony, Germany, there grew to man- 
 hood and married Sophia Stanoel, to which union were bom the following children: 
 Morris S., Pauline, Julius, a resident of Silver Bow, Montana; Otto, a resident 
 of Blossburg; Hulda, wife of Frederick Coster, of New York; Mary, wife of Joseph 
 Poggendorf, of Tioga township; Francis and Thomas, both deceased, and John G., 
 a resident of Tioga tovraship. The oldest son, Morris S., came to Tioga, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1850, and in 1854 his father and other members of the family followed. 
 Mr. Kentch died September 28, 1854, a few days after his arrival in Tioga, aged 
 sixty-four years. His wife died in November, 1887, at the ripe old age of eighty- 
 seven. 
 
 MoEEis S. KentcHj oldest son of John G. Kentch, was bom in Meissen, Saxony, 
 Germany, June 24, 1827, grew to manhood in his native land, and in March, 1850, 
 married Caroline Matte. They immigrated the same year to Pennsylvania, and 
 settled in Tioga township, Tioga county, where four children were bom to them, 
 viz: Oakley, a resident of Farmington; Amanda, wife of Edward Sticklin, of Wells- 
 boro; James, a resident of the same place, and Ellen, wife of Frederick Sticklin, 
 of Fall Brook. Mrs. Kentch died on November 7, 1874, and October 7, 1876, he 
 married Laura Clarke, a daughter of Septimus Clarke, of Chatham township. She 
 died September 11, 1880, aged thirty-six years. He was again married November 
 19, 1884, to Mary Hussey, a native of England and a daughter of William and Eliza- 
 beth Hussey. She was bom January 20, 1832, and died March 5, 1897. Mr. 
 Kentch enlisted October 16, 1861, in Company D, Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, and participated in the Peninsular Campaign, the battle of Fair Oaks, and 
 the Seven Days' Fight before Eiehmond, in all of which he proved himself a brave 
 and patriotic soldier. While on duty at Hampton Eoads as brigade butcher, he 
 met with an accident which resulted in crushing and permanently crippling his 
 right leg. He also received a gunshot wound in the right index finger, necessitating 
 its amputation. His brother Thomas served in Company K, of the same regiment. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1017 
 
 In politics, Mr. Kentch is an ardent Eepublican, and in religion, an adherent of 
 the Lutheran faith. He is a member of Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. E., and also of 
 Tioga EiTer Lodge, No. 797, 1. 0. 0. P. 
 
 Joseph Poggendokf, a son of Samuel and Mary Poggendorf, was bom and 
 reared in Prussia, Germany, where his parents lived and died. He came to the 
 United States in 1862, and settled in Tioga, Pennsylvania. In 1867 he purchased 
 his present place of twelve acres, one mile west of the borough. The same year he 
 married Mary Kentch, a daughter of John G. and Sophia (Stanoel) Kentch, natives 
 of Saxony, Germany. To this union have been bom the following children: John, 
 a resident of Tioga borough; Lisa, Lena and William, who live with their parents. 
 Mr. Poggendorf is a Eepublican, in politics, and in religion, is a member of the 
 Lutheran church. His only brother, William, is a resident of Eochester, New 
 York. Mr. Poggendorf is an intelligent, public-spirited citizen, and enjoys the 
 respect and esteem of all who know him. He has lived a quiet, unassuming and 
 industrious life, and by prudence and economy has accumulated a valuable property. 
 
 EiCHAED Hetfield was born in Southport, Chemung county. New York, in 
 1793. His father, who was bom in 1766, was one of the first settlers of Southport. 
 Eichard was a farmer and hotel-keeper, and conducted the Summit Hotel, between 
 Horseheads and Elmira for fifty-eight years. His wife, Susan, was born in 1805, 
 and was the mother of the following children: William D., who died in 1864; 
 Charles, who served in the Eighty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and is now a 
 clerk in the postoffice department, Washington, D. C; Abner, who died May 3, 1858, 
 aged fifteen years, and Thomas G., of Tioga. Mr. Hatfield died April 31, 1870, and 
 his wife, September 2, 1883. 
 
 Thomas G. Hetfield, youngest son of Eiehard Hetfield, was bom in South- 
 port, New York, November 31, 1847. He was reared upon the homestead farm, 
 and before arriving at manhood learned the cigarmaker's trade. In 1870 he em- 
 barked in the manufacture of cigars at Horseheads, which business he carried on 
 there and in Elmira imtil 1880, when he came to Tioga, Pennsylvania, and was 
 employed in the factory of Yoorhes, Aiken & Company, until its removal to Mans- 
 field, where he worked at his trade until 1888. He then returned to Tioga and 
 established a cigar factory on the Wellsboro road, a short distance west of Tioga 
 borough. His factory and residence were destroyed by fire on September 15, 1893. 
 After the fire he resumed business in Tioga borough, remaining there until April, 
 1895, when he returned to his former location, having rebuilt both factory and 
 residence. Mr. Hetfield was married in May, 1866, to Lucy DeLapp, a daughter of 
 Hiram DeLapp. She died on October 31, 1887. In politics, Mr. Hetfield is a 
 Democrat. He devotes his attention to the manufacture of special brands of cigars, 
 such as ''Hetfield's Best," "T. G. H.," and "Gilt Edge." He is a popular business 
 man and citizen, and enjoys the respect of the community. 
 
 WiLLAED Eedstee, a SOU of William and Mary J. (Kennedy) Eedner, was bom 
 in Steuben county. New York, November 20, 1856. His parents were natives of 
 Tompkins county, and his paternal grandfather, of Orange county. New York. 
 His mother died Maich 35, 1893, aged sixty-nine years. His father died February 
 30, 1896, aged seventy-two years. Seven children were bom to William and Mary 
 J. Eedner, as follows: Adeline, wife of Charles Eobb, of Athens, Bradford county; 
 
1018 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Simeon, a resident of the same place; Willard, of Tioga township; Willis, who lives 
 in Tioga township; Frank, a resident of Tioga; Florence, wife of George Fams- 
 worth, of Big Flats, New York, and George, who resides in Harrison Valley, Pemi- 
 sylvajiia. Before coming to Tioga county Mr. Eedner resided in Tompkins and 
 Cameron counties, New York, Ashtabula county, Ohio, and Big Flats, Chemung 
 county. New York. In 1880 he remoTed from the latter place to Tioga township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on the H. W. Caulking farm, subsequently 
 removed to Chatham township, and later bought his present farm of 148 acres, in 
 the western part of Tioga township, formerly known as the H. H. Goodrich farm. 
 Mr. Eedner married Mrs. Sophia Kennedy, nee White, December 9, 1879, and has 
 five children: Frank, Henry, Ira, who died November 11, 1895, aged eleven years; 
 Vera, and Stanley, who died July 19, 1896, aged fifteen months. In politics, he 
 is a Eepublican, and has filled the office of constable. He is a member of the 
 Presbyterian church, also of Tioga Eiver Lodge, No. 797, I. 0. 0. F., and is one 
 of the prosperous and successful farmers of the township. 
 
 D. W. Htted was born in Caton, Steuben county. New York, August 2, 1849, 
 and is the only child of Charles and Jane (Harrison) Hurd. His parents were 
 natives of the same county, and his father died there in 1851. His mother resides 
 with our subject. Mr. Hurd learned the trade of stationary engineer in his youth, 
 which he followed in Steuben county up to 1870, when he went to Kane county, 
 Illinois, where he was engaged in farming eight years. Eetuming east, he located 
 on a farm in Lawrence township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, upon which he lived 
 until 1881, and then purchased his present farm of ninety acres in Tioga township. 
 Mr. Hurd was married to Mary Colder, a daughter of Hiram and Sarah Colder, 
 of Lindley, Steuben county, New York, December 36, 1869, and has four children: 
 Jennie, Harry, Harriet and Walter. Mrs. Hurd's father died July 28, 1891, aged 
 fifty-nine years; her mother lives in Lindley, New York. Her brother, James, 
 is also a resident of Lindley, while her sister, Kate, is the wife of William Ter- 
 williger, of Caton, New York. In politics, Mr. Hurd is a Eepublican, and has been 
 township supervisor for the past three years. He has made his way in life through 
 his own unaided efl'orts, and is a man of honest, upright character. 
 
 John A. Behgh was bom in Sweden, in 1845, a son of Andrew Olson and 
 Christina Bergh. He immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1873 and settled at Fall Brook, 
 Tioga county, where he followed the occupation of a coal miner until 1885. He 
 then rented a farm on the Cowanesque river, which he cultivated up to April, 1890, 
 in which year he leased the old H. W. Caulking place, containing %81 acres, in the 
 western part of Tioga township. This he conducted successfully until 1896, when 
 he removed to Elkland. Mr. Bergh was mamed October 24, 1875, to Augusta 
 Dyring, a native of Sweden, who is the mother of six children, as follows: Mary, 
 Alvira, Emelia, Helga, John and Corra. Mr. Bergh is a stanch Eepublican, and in 
 religion, a Lutheran. He is a member of Arbon Lodge, No. 489, 1. 0. 0. F., and En- 
 campment No. 153, of Blossburg, and is also connected with the K. of P. lodge, in 
 Amot. 
 
 Joseph Beegh was bom in Sweden, in 1858, a son of Andrew Olsen and Chris- 
 tina (Torstens) Bergh. He was reared in his native land, and came to Pennsylvania 
 in 1881, where he found employment for two years in the coal mines at Amot, Tioga 
 
BIOQEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1019 
 
 county. He then went to Elkland township and worked on a farm three years; 
 next rented a farm near Osceola, on which he remained until he came to Tioga town- 
 ship, in 1893. He rented the T. J. Berry farm of 300 acres, in the northern part of 
 the horongh of Tioga, which he has since managed with success, and now ranks 
 among the intelligent and progTessive farmers of the township. He devotes his 
 efforts to dairying and the growing of grain and tobacco, and is enjoying the pros- 
 perity due to persistent and well-directed industry. Mr. Bergh was married Sep- 
 tember 15, 1883, to Anna Mangnuson, a native of Sweden, to which union have 
 been born the following children: Charles J., Jennie C, Frank A., Oscar W. and 
 James Walter. In politics, Mr. Bergh is a Eepublican, and in religion, an adherent 
 of the Lutheran church. He is a member of Elkland Lodge, No. 800, I. 0. 0. F., 
 and of Tioga Tent, No. 176, K. 0. T. M. His brother, John A., is a farmer at Elk- 
 land; Otto, another brother, lives in Tioga; while his sisters, Emma Sophia, widow 
 of Olaf Danielson; Caroline, wife of John Hanson, and Ida, wife of Alexander 
 Anderson, reside in Amot, Tioga county. 
 
 LAWEENCE TOWNSHIP AND LAWKENCETILLE. 
 
 *HoN. James Foed was born at Morristown, JSTew Jersey, March 4, 1783. This 
 branch of the Ford family came from Middlesex county, England, six miles from the 
 city of London, between the years 1636 and 1660. Eecords do not agree on this 
 point. They were of the gentry and bore arms. Much of the data obtained from old 
 records leads to the belief that Marshfield, Massachusetts, was their first place of 
 settlement in America. Four brothers, Charles, William, Oswald and Samuel, went 
 from Massachusetts to New Jersey, settling in Piscataway, Woodbridge and Morris- 
 town. Charles, the ancestral grandfather of James Ford, married Meribah Thorn- 
 well, to which union were bom nine children. The third, Benjamin Ford, married 
 Jemima Walker, a daughter of Hon. Thomas Walker, son of Capt. Samuel Walker, 
 who was a member of His Majesty's Council under Lord Cornberry, governor of 
 East and West Jersey and New York. Captain Walker was named for governor 
 just before the Eevolutionary War broke out. The Walker family and Benjamin 
 Ford were Tories, and refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, 
 their property was confiscated and they were obliged to flee to New York City for 
 protection. Captain Walker died in that city and was buried in Old Trinity church- 
 yard. At an early age James Ford went with John P. Ryers, as clerk, to a little settle- 
 ment not far from Lawrenceville. About 1816 he purchased land on the Cowan- 
 esque river and built for himself a home, yet standing in Lawrenceville, where he 
 resided until his death. He named the new settlement "Lawrence," in honor of 
 Captain Lawrence of "Don't give u.p the Ship" fame. Old family letters show 
 that it was called Lawrence for many years. Mr. Ford was very successful in busi- 
 ness, a man of rare intelligence and advanced ideas, energetic, quick to see, reso- 
 lute to do and ready to venture on any new enterprise which promised success. 
 Nothing better was to be found in the settlement than the lumber and flour from 
 his mills which he shipped to southern markets. He took a prominent part in public 
 affairs, served two terms as a member of the state legislature, and two terms as 
 representative of this district in Congress during I^resident Jackson's administra- 
 
 * Contributed by Mrs. M. L. Beaumont. 
 
1020 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tiorij with wlioni he corresponded for a time. He was also a friend and corres- 
 pondent of James Buchanan. Mr. Ford married Maria Lindsley, a daughter of 
 Judge Eleazer and Eunice (Halsey) Lindsley, and grand-daughter of Col. Eleazer 
 Lindsley, who soon after the Eevolution purchased a tract of land six mUes square, 
 now Lindley township, Steuben county. New York. Colonel Lindsley's first visit 
 to this part of the country was with General Sulliyan on his march from the Wyom- 
 ing valley, the year after the Massacre, through to the lake country to punish the 
 Indians for their ravages and atrocities. Maria Lindsley was a direct descendant, 
 through Eunice (Halsey) Lindsley, of Lion Gardiner, Lord of the Isle of Wight, and 
 of Jeremiah Conkling, the ancestor of the Hon. Eoscoe Conkling. To James and 
 Maria Ford were bom the following children: Charles H. L., who married Eliza 
 Cruger, a daughter of General Cruger; Mary L., who married Milton P. Orton, M. 
 D.; Emily C, who married Eev. George E. H. Shumway, and Susan Eliza, who 
 married Col. Charles Dorranee, of Wilkes-Barre, a grandson of Col. George Dor- 
 rance, who fell in defense of home and country at the Wyoming Massacre. Charles 
 Dorranee spent a long, useful and honorable life near the place where his heroic 
 grandfather was slain by the cruel savages. James Ford was a friend to the poor and 
 rich alike, and a man who never spoke ill of any one or allowed others to do so in 
 his presence. He filled a prominent place in the early history of Tioga county, 
 and died at his home in Lawrenceville, in 1859. He was laid to rest in the family 
 burying ground, set apart by Colonel Lindsley for that purpose. 
 
 De. Simbon Powbe is one of the well-remembered pioneer physicians of Tioga 
 county, where he settled and began the practice of medicine more than ninety years 
 ago. He was bom in Guilford, Vermont, July 5, 1784. His parents were Manasseh 
 and Susannah (Paine) Power, the former a native of Lancaster, Massachusetts, and 
 the latter of Chatham, on Cape Cod. His father was a Teteran of the Eevolution. 
 Dr. Power came on horseback to this county in 1805, arriving at Samuel Miller's, 
 at what is now Millerton, in the evening. He intended to remain there over night, 
 but finding what he thought to be a rough gathering he rode on through the dark 
 forest, made hideous by the howling of wild animals, and finally arrived near day- 
 break at the home of Ira Kilbum, who lived on the site of what is now the borough 
 of Lawrenceville. Here Dr. Power decided to "hang out his shingle," but after a 
 short stay he removed to Knoxville and from there to Tioga — ^then the principal 
 village in the county. While in Tioga he was married to Polly Inscho, February 
 2, 1809, a daughter of Obadiah Inscho, who settled on the Cowanesque river in 1798. 
 She was bom in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, September 38, 1788, and was 
 about ten years old when her parents came to Tioga county. In 1831 Dr. Power 
 returned to Lawrenceville, where he continued in the active duties of his profession 
 during the remainder of his life. He first purchased a small tract of land within the 
 village limits. This he sold and then bought a farm near the western limits of the 
 town, and built the "Eed House" on Cowanesque street, now one of the old land- 
 marks of Lavrrenceville. Dr. Power and wife reared seven children, viz: Mary, who 
 married Samuel Eyon; Susan, who married Frederick Thnrber; Judith, who 
 became the wife of George Thurber; Simeon L, who was elected sheriff of Tioga 
 county in 1858 and died at Lawrenceville; Dyer, a resident of that borough; Caro- 
 line, now residing in Lawrenceville, who married George Prutsman, of Tioga, and 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1021 
 
 after his death Enoch Blaekwell, of Nelson; and Samantha, who lives in Corning. 
 The four oldest children are dead. Dr. Power was a prominent factor in the early 
 political history of the county. In 1815. he was elected the second sheriff of Tioga, 
 which ofBce he filled three years, and in 1851 he was chosen an associate 
 judge and sat upon the bench the full term of five years. An ardent Democrat 
 up to the war, he gave a loyal support to the Union cause, but gradually drifted 
 into the Kepublican party. He died at his home in Lawrenceville, December 19, 
 1863. His wife survived him until March 14, 1868, both dying in the eightieth 
 year of their age. They sleep side by side in the Power Cemetery, which was laid 
 out on their farm. During the early years of his professional labors. Dr. Power's 
 practice extended over a vast territory — ^westward up the Cowanesque into Potter 
 county; south as far as Williamsport, and northward to Addison, Painted Post and 
 Bath. A man of fine education, a good physician, and always kind and charitable 
 to suffering humanity, his memory is revered by his descendants and the people 
 of the community in which he spent the greater portion of his life. 
 
 John Eton, Sb., was b&rn on the Atlantic Ocean, March 10, 1748, while his 
 parents were en route to New York. His father. Sir Anthony Ryon, was a native 
 of Ireland, and died soon after coming to America. John grew to maturity in New 
 York, whence he removed to the Wyoming valley, in Pennsylvania, prior to the 
 Eevolutionary War. Here he married Sarah Goodale, a native of Long Island, and 
 settled near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was a veteran of the Revolution, in 
 which he served nearly six years. His name appears on the rolls as a private in 
 Capt. Thaddeus Weed's Company (formerly Capt. Solomon Strong's Company), 
 Fifth Connecticut regiment, commanded by Col. Philip D. Bradley, from July, 
 1777, to December, 1780, with the remark, "Enlisted October 20th, for during the 
 war." In 1779 he was with Sullivan's expedition against the Indians of the lake 
 country. The records also show that he served as a sergeant in the Fifth Company 
 (formerly Capt. Thaddeus Weed's), Second Connecticut regiment, commanded by 
 Col. Heman Swift, from March, 1781, to April, 1783. During a portion of his 
 services he was employed in the commissary department. New York City, superin- 
 tending the manufacturing of clothing for the ajrmy. He was subsequently pen- 
 sioned by the state of Connecticut for his services in the Revolutionary War. 
 While stationed in New York he was visited by his wife, who rode the whole distance 
 from Wilkes-Barre on horseback, carrying her infant son, Benjamin, in her arms, 
 and leaving her son, William, with friends in the Wyoming valley. Though the 
 route was infested with hostile Indians, the brave wife returned to her home in 
 safety, but both she and Benjamin died soon after from smallpox, contracted during 
 the trip. After the war closed Mr. Ryon returned to the Wyoming valley, where he 
 found his son, William, alive but sadly neglected. When William grew up he 
 married Miss Marcy, a cousin of Governor Marcy, of New York, settled in Wayne 
 county, Pennsylvania, and there died. Mr. Eyon's second wife was the widow of 
 Captain Inman, who was killed in the Wyoming Massacre. Two sons, James and 
 John, and a daughter, Betsey, were bom of this union. A few years after his 
 marriage to Mrs. Inman, Mr. Ryon- removed with his family to Southport, New 
 York, and later to Newtown, now a part of Elmira, where his wife and daughter died. 
 In the spring of 1811 his sons removed with a colony of settlers to the Cowanesque 
 
1022 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 valley, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled on the site of Elkland, where the 
 father joined them later. He served as postmaster at that place, then called Kyons- 
 ville, from 1833 to 1830, and died January. 20, 1833. His son, James, subsequently 
 removed to Illinois, while John remained in this county and became one of its most 
 distinguished citizens. 
 
 Judge John Eyon, son of John Eyon, Sr., was bom in the Wyoming valley, 
 near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1787. He came with the colony to the 
 site of Elkland, Tioga county, in March, 1811, but did not bring his family until 
 the following month. Here he cleared a large farm, engaged in merchandising, and 
 followed the mercantile and farming occupations for many years. About 1848 he 
 removed to Lawrenceville and purchased the present Eyon homestead, known as 
 "The Elms," where he carried on the mercantile business and spent the remainder 
 of his life. Judge Eyon was a self-made man, a politician of considerable note, 
 and one of the leading Democrats of Tioga county. In 1816 he was elected a justice 
 of the peace, in which capacity he served for many years. In 1819 he was elected 
 a county commissioner. He represented this district three terms in the legislature, 
 1831, 1833 and 1833, and was state senator in 1824-35. In 1839 he was appointed 
 superintendent of the West Branch division of the Pennsylvania canal, which 
 position he filled with ability and honor. On January 29, 1833, he was appointed 
 an associate judge of Tioga county, and served on the bench continuously up to 
 March, 1847. He also held several military positions in the militia, the highest 
 being that of lieutenant colonel. Judge Eyon was a kind, courteous, Christian man, 
 and an active worker in the Presbyterian church. A few years prior to his removal 
 to the Cowanesque valley, he married Susannah Tubbs, a daughter of Samuel Tubbs, 
 a pioneer of the Cowanesque. She was bom in Newtown, now a part of Elmira, New 
 York, and became the mother of twelve children, as follows: Sally, who married 
 Col. Philip Taylor, of Elkland, and died in Osceola, March 1, 1896; Samuel, a 
 deceased farmer of Lawrence township; George L., who died in the same township, 
 April 3, 1897; Emily, widow of Dr. E. D. Benedict, of Westfield; Harris T., of 
 Nelson; Harriet, deceased wife of Joseph Barker, of Chicago; Charles and Mary, 
 both deceased; John W., a lawyer and ex-congressman of Pottsville; Eobert T., 
 a resident of Columbia, Pennsylvahia; James, an ex-judge of Schuylkill county, 
 now living in Pottsville, and Wallace P., who resides in the old homestead at Law- 
 renceville. Judge Eyon died at his home in Lawrenceville, July 33, 1859. His 
 widow survived him nearly twenty-two years, dying March 5, 1881. He was one of 
 the most prominent and successful men in northern Pennsylvania, and a leader in 
 the Democratic party throughout his long and active career. His public and private 
 life was ever governed by the Eyon family motto — "Death before Dishonor." 
 
 Samuel Eyon, eldest son of Judge John Eyon, was bom in what is now Elmira, 
 New York, March 10, 1811, and was reared in Elkland, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he assisted his father in clearing off the forest then covering the site of that 
 borough. In 1833 he and his brother, George L., opened a store in Elkland, which 
 they carried on up to 1843. On January 27, 1833, he married Mary Power, a daugh- 
 ter of Dr. Simeon Power, a pioneer physician of the Cowanesque valley. Three 
 children, Alexander H., Simeon P. and Norman H., grew to maturity from this 
 union, the last being the only survivor of the family. Simeon P. represented 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1023 
 
 Columbia county, Pennsylvania, in the legislature, and died during his term, April 
 12, 1876. Samuel Eyon possessed a good education, was a fine mathematician, and 
 served as assistant ciyil engineer on the Pennsylvania canal while his father was a 
 member of the legislature. He was extensively engaged in farming and lumbering 
 on the Cowanesque, near Lawrenceville, whither he removed from Elkland, and 
 also operated a grist and woolen-mill at the same place for many years. Politically, 
 a life-long Democrat, he was appointed postmaster of Kyonsville, now Elkland, 
 April 24, 1834, by William T. Barry, postmaster general under President Jackson, 
 and served a full term. Mr. Eyon spent the latter years of his life in Lawrenceville, 
 where he died April 36, 1877. His wife died August 13, 1876. She was a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, while he adhered to the Presbyterian faith. 
 
 GrEOEGE L. Rton, sccond son of Judge John Ryon, was born in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, June 28, 1813. He was educated principally in the common schools at Elk- 
 land, but finished his education by attending school at Harrisburg. When nineteen 
 years of age he commenced business as a merchant in partnership with his older 
 brother, Samuel, at Elkland, where they carried on business for eleven years. In 
 1838 he succeeded his brother, Samuel, as postmaster at Elkland. In connection 
 with merchandising they carried on lumbering quite extensively. By the flood of 
 1843 they lost heavily, and were compelled to give up the lumber business. Mr. 
 Eyon then turned his attention to farming, and cultivated the old homestead at 
 Elkland for two years, at the end of which time he purchased an interest in a large 
 tract of land near Elkland, and began the work of clearing and improving it. He 
 was a noted pilot, knowing every part of the water from this county down the 
 Cowanesque, Tioga, Chemung and Susquehanna rivers to Port Deposit, Maryland, 
 a matter of importance in early days, as much depended on the skill and knowledge 
 of the pilot in charge of the immense rafts that were staxted from this county to tide- 
 water. Mr. Ryon was a captain in the State Militia, and for many years a prominent 
 figure at the "trainings," as they were then called. He commanded the Elkland 
 Guards, and one of his grandsons is now in possession of the sword presented to him, 
 which was at that time said to be one of the handsomest in the State. He was also a 
 noted rifle shot, and in his more youthful days was a keen sportsman. In 1849 he 
 sold out his interests at Elkland and purchased his late homestead farm near Law- 
 renceville, upon which he resided until his death, April 3, 1897, in the eighty- 
 fourth year of his age. In 1836 he married Hannah Hammond, a daughter of David 
 Hammond, of Elkland, who bore him a family of thirteen children, five of whom 
 died in early infancy. The remaining eight are named as follows: Ellen 0., who 
 married W. T. Rhodes, of Tioga, and died April 2, 1890; George W., a prominent 
 lawyer and banker of Shamokin; Alvin P., an attorney of Lock Haven; Majy M., 
 wife of H. L. Fitch, of New Hampton, Iowa; John A., a jeweler of Charles City, 
 Iowa; Alice H., wife of Clark S. Ingraham, a druggist of Elmira, 'New York; Wil- 
 liam W., a lawyer of Shamokin, and David H., a farmer of Lawrence township. 
 Mrs. Ryon died at the old homestead June 9, 1888, after a happy married life of 
 more than half a century. Mr. Eyon and wife were members of the Presbyterian 
 church, in which he filled the office of trustee for many years. In politics he was 
 aa ardent supporter of the Democratic party, and always took a commendable in- 
 terest in public afPairs, filling acceptably for many years the ofiice of school director 
 
X024 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 and other official positions. He was one of the most respected citizens of Tioga 
 county, in which his entire life was passed. In private life he was a dignified, un- 
 obtrnsive gentleman, very sociable and hospitable in his disposition, and when death 
 called him at the close of a busy and useful life, he left a record of a long and 
 honorable career as a valuable inheritance and example for his children. 
 
 Harris T. Eyon, third son of Judge John Kyon, was bom in Elkland, Tioga 
 county, January 9, 1816, and there grew to manhood. He then engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business at Elkland for two years, and later embarked in farming in Nelson 
 township, clearing a part of the farm now owned by Shaw and Tubbs. In 1849 he 
 located at Lawrenceville, where he was engaged in general merchandising eight 
 years. Eetuming to Nelson in 1861, he resumed agriculture, and has cleared and 
 improved most of the farm of eighty acres he now occupies. Mr. Ryon has been 
 twice married. In 1837 he married Hannah M., a daughter of George and Mary 
 (Champlin) Congdon, of Steuben county. New York. She bore him two children 
 who grew to maturity, viz: Alzadia, and Sarah A., wife of R. C. Bailey. Mrs. Ryon 
 died in 1842, and the following year he married Elizabeth Sherwood, a daughter 
 of John and Lucy Sherwood, of Orleans county. New York. Two children have 
 been bom to this union: John S., a lawyer of Elkland, and Emma A., wife of John 
 D. James. Mr. Ryon is a member of the Presbyterian church, in politics, a Repub- 
 lican, and is one of the representative farmers of Nelson township. He has lived 
 in the Cowanesque valley more than eighty years. 
 
 Wallace Pulaski Ryon was bom in Elkland, Tioga county, July 18, 1836, 
 and is the youngest child of Judge John Ryon. He was educated in the Lawrenceville 
 Academy, at Lawrenceville, in Lima College, at Lima, New York, and in Dickinson 
 Seminary, at Williamsport, and also studied under the private tutorship of Rev. 
 Sidney Mills. He read law with Hon. John "W. Ryon, now a resident of Pottsville, 
 and was admitted to the bar of Tioga county, at Wellsboro, in 1861. He next clerked 
 for his brother, John W., who was a paymaster in the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, 
 and in the spring of 1863 located at Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, for the practice of his 
 profession, remaining there one year. He then removed to Pottsville with his 
 brother, John W., where he followed his profession up to 1879. From 1869 to 1873 
 he was also cashier of the Pennsylvania National Bank, of Pottsville, and in 1873 
 was president of the Merchant's Exchange Bank of that place. In 1879 he removed 
 to Philadelphia, where he was connected with the coal and iron business up to 1883, 
 in which year he returned to the old homestead in Lawrenceville. He has since 
 devoted himself to farming and the practice of his profession. Like his father, Mr. 
 Ryon was a Democrat, and for many years gave his active support to that party. 
 He was connected with the secret service of the postal department during President 
 Cleveland's first administration, and was appointed by Postmaster-General Vilas, 
 president of a commission composed of postal experts to investigate the public 
 service in the first and second-class postoffices in the United States, and to formu- 
 late a uniform system of classification and compensation therein. Mr. Ryon was 
 married at Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1863, to Mary S. Rice, a daughter 
 of Edward L. Rice, of Wilmington, Delaware. Mrs. Ryon comes of a family distin- 
 guished in the early annals of the Colonies. On her father's side she is a descendant 
 of Don Eduardo Eeice, a Spanish refugee who settled at what is now Eastport, Maine, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1025 
 
 and whose descendants afterwards settled in Massachusetts, Delaware and Ohio. 
 The Delaware branch of the family is well known in the early history of the settle- 
 ments on the Delaware ri\-er. Her great-great-grandfather, Evan Eice, was judge 
 of the courts from 1756 to 1777, and her grandfather, Washington Eice, was one of 
 the early business men of Wilmington, being an importer of teas, coffees and spices. 
 Her father, Edward L. Eice, succeeded his father in business, and after an honorable 
 and successful career of twenty-five years, retired. He was bom in Wilmington, 
 January 2, 1811, and was one of Delaware's most prominent and respected citizens. 
 During the Eebellion he gave largely to the Union cause. In politics, he was origin- 
 ally a Whig, but later a Eepublican. He was twice tendered the nomination for 
 governor of his State, but refused to accept the honor. An enthusiastic sportsman, 
 he was known by the appellation of the "Nimrod of Delaware." He died November 
 21, 1891, after a long life of honor and usefulness. On her mother's side, Mrs. Eyon 
 comes from the sturdy Swedish stock that first settled in Delaware. The old Colonial 
 records give the Naff family prominence in the affairs of the Colony at Wilmington. 
 Several of her Swedish ancestors were Eevolutionary soldiers, serving principally 
 in Washington's army. Six children have been bom to Wallace P. and Mary S. 
 Eyon, viz: Edward Anderson, Estella Eice, Wallace Herbert, James Percy, John 
 Naff, deceased, and Mary Edith Louise. The family are members of the Protestant 
 Episcopal church, of Lawrenceville, in which Mr. Eyon is junior warden. 
 
 HiHAM Beebe was born in Canaan, Litchfield county, Connecticut, there grew 
 to maturity, and then came to Owego, New York, where he and a man named HoUa- 
 bert carried on a store for two or three years. In 1815 they came to Lawrenceville, 
 and opened the first store in the village, on the south comer of Cowanesque and 
 Main streets, under the firm name of Beebe & Hollabert. The latter remained only 
 a few years, but Mr. Beebe continued the business until 1840, when he sold out and 
 formed a partnership with Hunt Pomeroy, and opened a store at Nelson, in which 
 he was interested ten years. Soon after coming to Lawrenceville, Mr. Beebe married 
 Margaret Allen, of Owego, who bore him two children, both of whom died in youth. 
 He was one of the most influential Democrats in Tioga county, and for that reason 
 was locally named "King Hiram." He was postmaster at Lawrenceville many years. 
 In 1822 he was elected a county commissioner, and again in 1826. In connection 
 with merchandising, he also carried on the lumber business quite extensively, and 
 was agent for the Bingham lands until Mr. Clymer succeeded him. Mr. Beebe and 
 wife both died prior to the Eebellion. 
 
 Anson Beebe, a brother of Hiram, came to Lawrenceville in 1817 and engaged 
 in the manufacture of gloves and mittens, which business he followed until his death, 
 in February, 1830. He married Lucy Lincoln, a native of Worcester, Massachusetts, 
 who bore him the following children: Edward, who died in infancy; Charles, of 
 Lawrenceville; Harriet, wife of Morgan Seely, of Osceola; Mariah, who married 
 Jacob Prutsman, of Tioga, and James, the last two of whom are dead. Mrs. Beebe 
 died in 1875. 
 
 Chaeles Beebe was bom in Lawrenceville, September 10, 1819, a son of Anson 
 
 and Lucy Beebe. At the age of twenty he began learning the wagon-maker's trade 
 
 with Charles Powers, whose business he purchased in the fall of 1840. He carried 
 
 on wagon-making at Lawrenceville imtil February, 1885, a period of nearly forty- 
 
 65 
 
1026 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 five years, when he fell and broke his right hip, which compelled him to retire from 
 active work. On January 1, 1848, Mr. Beebe married Martha Dodd, of Spencer, 
 New York, and has one daughter, Mary C, wife of B. F. Madison, of Galeton, 
 Potter county. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and in religion, a Presbyterian. Mr. 
 Beebe is the oldest native born resident of Lawrenceville, and is regarded as one 
 of the best posted men on local history in the Cowanesque valley. 
 
 Dh. Lewis Daeling, Sh., one of the well-remembered pioneer physicians of 
 Tioga county, was bom in Woodstock, "Windsor county, Vermont, March 4, 1804, 
 a son of Seth and Chloe (Marsh) Darling, who were of Puritan stock. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools and the Woodstock Academy, and at the age of twenty- 
 two graduated from Dartmouth University. Three years later, in 1839, he took 
 his degree of M. D., at the same institution, and soon afterwards started west, driving 
 from Vermont to Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, where he commenced the practice of his 
 profession the same year. In 1831 he removed to Lawrenceville, where he continued 
 in active practice for fifty-one years. In 1862 he was appointed surgeon of the One 
 Himdred and Sixty-first New York Volunteers, with the rank of major, and served 
 under General Banks in the department of the gulf, accompanying his regiment 
 through the famous Eed River Campaign. Owing to poor health he was finally 
 obliged to resign and return to his home, where he resumed practice. In 1871 he 
 was appointed examining surgeon for the pension department, a position he held 
 until his death, July 15, 1882. Dr. Darling was married October 17, 1831, to Lucy 
 M. Parsons, a daughter of Capt. Luke Parsons, a cavalry soldier in the War of 1812. 
 Eight children were bom to this union, named as follows: Otis G. and Louis, both 
 of whom died in infancy; Horace M., a resident of Southport, New York; Bostock 
 J. and Parsons L., both deceased; Lewis, a well-known physician of Lawrence- 
 ville; Thomas V., deceased, and Emeline G., who graduated at Hartford Female 
 College in 1865, and resides with her brother in Lawrenceville. 
 
 HoBACE M. Daeling, son of Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr., was bom Febmary 2, 1835, 
 was educated at Hobart College, graduated in medicine from the University of 
 Michigan, and began the practice of his profession at Painted Post, New York, in 
 1858. One year later he removed to Helena, Arkansas, where he practiced his pro- 
 fession until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he was appointed surgeon of 
 the First Arkansas regiment, and served through the entire war. After its close he 
 located at Columbus, Mississippi, and continued in practice for a time, when owing 
 to failing health he gave up his professional duties and again entered the University 
 of Michigan, taking a full law course, and graduating with the degree of LL.B. 
 He then located at Mahanoy City, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, where he became 
 prominent in the legal profession and filled the of&ce of district attorney. Here 
 he married Miss Mollie James, at whose death he gave up his legal practice and 
 spent two years in travel, at the end of which period he located at Southport, New 
 York, and again took up the practice of medicine. After a time he removed to 
 Coming, but two years later returned to Southport, where he now resides on a farm. 
 Here he was married a second time to Miss Mary Webb. 
 
 Paesons L. Daeling, son of Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr., was bom on January 5, 
 1839, was educated at Hobart College, and went to Helena, Arkansas, where he 
 became principal of the High School. At the breaking out of the war he en- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1027 
 
 listed in the First Arkansas regiment, and was appointed commissary of subsistence, 
 with the rank of captain, and served as such through the war. He then went to 
 Columbus, Mississippi, and studied for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church, but giving up his studies he removed to Kansas City, where he died. 
 
 Dk. Lewis Dahling was bom in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, October 19, 
 1840, a son of Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr. 'He was educated in the Lawrenceville 
 Academy, and began the study of law with John "W. Kyon, but before his admission 
 to the bar he went west and clerked in a bank at Independence, Iowa, for one year. 
 He then returned to Lawrenceville and began the study of medicine under his father, 
 and attended the Medical College of Georgetown, D. C, for one year. At the end 
 of this time he enlisted as assistant surgeon, and did hospital duty one year at Wash- 
 ington, when he was assigned to the western army and served in the hospitals at St. 
 Louis and Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. He was also surgeon of the transport. City 
 of Memphis, engaged in carrying sick and wounded from the seat of war. He 
 was at the surrender of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, whence he returned to Jefferson 
 Barracks, and was later assigned to the Army of the Cumberland and served in the 
 hospitals at Chattanooga and Knoxville during the winter of 1863-64. In the 
 spring of 1864 he was with the Army of the Ohio in the Georgia Campaign, and 
 at the battle of Peach Tree Creek was operating surgeon of the Twenty-third Army 
 Corps. He was next assigned to the hospitals at Franklin and Knoxville, Tennessee, 
 and later went to Marietta, Georgia, where he resigned from the army, and received 
 permission to go before the examining board for an appointment as surgeon in the 
 United States navy, and was first assigned to the Brooklyn navy yaj-d, where he 
 served as one of the board of examiners for recruits. He was next appointed surgeon 
 for the United States steamer Florida, but before going to sea, he was detailed and 
 returned to duty on the receiving ship North Carolina, then in the Brooklyn navy 
 yard. In March, 1865, he was detached from this position and ordered to report to 
 the South Atlantic Squadron, under the command of Admiral Dahlgren, and as- 
 signed to duty in the naval hospitals at Land's End, Island of St. Helena and Port 
 Eoyal harbor. After serving a short time in these hospitals, he was assigned as sur- 
 geon to the United States steamer Nahant, in which capacity he served until the 
 close of the war. Eetuming home he entered the University of Michigan, at Ann 
 Arbor, where he graduated in medicine in 1866. After taking a post-graduate 
 course, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he practiced a few months, then returned 
 to Lawrenceville and became associated with his father in practice, which continued 
 until the death of the latter. He then succeeded his father as special pension ex- 
 aminer, a position he still holds. Dr. Darling is a member of the Pennsylvania State 
 Medical Society, the Elmira Academy of Medicine, the Coming Academy of Medi- 
 cine, the Tioga County Medical Association, and the Association of Railway Sur- 
 geons of the United States. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and the E. A. U., 
 being medical examiner for the latter society. He is also medical examiner for 
 seventeen life insurance companies, and local surgeon for the Fall Brook Eailroad 
 Company. On January 1, 1867, Dr. Darling married Julia L. Day, a daughter of 
 Hon. C. E. Day, of Avon, Connecticut. Three sons have been born to this union, 
 Tiz: Arland L., who studied medicine under his father, graduated at the University 
 
]^Q28 HISTOBT OF TIOaA COUNTT. 
 
 of Buffalo, in 1892, and has since been in partnership with his father; Carlos P., who 
 graduated at Hobart College in 1894, and is now engaged in special study, and 
 Walter W., now taking a post-graduate course. The family are members of the 
 Protestant Episcopal church, of Lawrenceville, in which Dr. Darling is senioi' 
 warden. In politics, he is a stanch Democrat, and served as assistajit deputy revenue 
 collector during President Johnson's administration. In February, 1897, he was 
 elected burgess of Lawrenceville. He has always taken an active part in the pro- 
 motion of education, and has been president of the school board for several terms. 
 Dr. Darling is recognized as one of the leading, successful physicians of his native 
 
 county. 
 
 Thomas V. Daeling was born in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, October 17, 
 1842, youngest son of Dr. Lewis Darling, Sr. He was educated at Lawrenceville 
 Academy, where he was a student at the breaking out of the war. He enlisted in the 
 United States Marine Corps and served four years. Eetuming home in shattered 
 health, he never fully recovered, and died in September, 1890. He married Delphine 
 Chase, of Lawrenceville, who, with two sons and two daughters, resides in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 
 
 *MiLTON Paedee Oeton, M. D., was bom at Sharon, Connecticut, in 1795. 
 His paternal ancestor, Thomas Orton, came to Ancient Windsor, Connecticut, in 
 1640, and from a very early date the family have been cultured, literary people. 
 He was also a descendant of Thomas Yale, one of the founders of Yale College, and 
 of George Pardee, of New Haven, whose parents were Huguenots and were driven 
 from France by the troubles there. George Pardee was the founder of the famous 
 Hopkins Grammar School, of New Haven. Dr. Orton was also descended from 
 Gapt. Samuel Turner, of New Haven, a member of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery and distinguished for his bravery. He graduated at Yale with honor, 
 after which he took the medical course at the same institution. In 1834 he came to 
 Lawrenceville, Tioga county, where he practiced his profession for nearly thirty 
 years. He married Mary Lindsley Ford, oldest daughter of Hon. James Ford. They 
 had ten children, seven of whom grew to matmity. Mrs. Orton died in 1852, aged 
 forty-two years. Dr. Orton died February 3, 1864, while surgeon in charge at 
 Hatteras Inlet. Their children were as follows: James Ford; Maria Lindsley, wife 
 of Col. Eugene B. Beaumont, U. S. A., a retired officer now living at Wilkes-Barre, 
 who served in the War of the Eebellion, being five times brevetted for gallant and 
 meritorious service, and appointed to receive Jefferson Davis when the latter was 
 captured; Stella Shoemaker, widow of the late Joseph F. Rusling, of Lawrenceville; 
 Charles Ford, who married Sarah Morgan; Ellen Bicking, who married James H. 
 Sherrerd, of Philadelphia; Benjamin Ford, who married Isabella A. Pleasants, 
 and Chester Butler Orton. 
 
 Joseph Fowlee Etjsling was born in Bridgton, Cumberland county. New 
 Jersey, November 29, 1831, a son of Eev. Sedgwick and Electa W. (Cummings) 
 Rusling, natives of New Jersey, and of English extraction. His parents reared a 
 family of seven children, and his father died in Lawrenceville in 1876. Joseph F. 
 was educated in the public schools of New Jersey and at Pennington Seminary. In 
 
 ♦.Contributed by Mrs. M. L. Beaumont. 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1029 
 
 September, 1847, he secured a clerkship with Bishop & Newell, a large grocery, 
 graia and coal firm of New Brunswick, New Jersey. Five years later he bought the 
 business and conducted it successfully for a long period. In 1855 he was appointed 
 an agent for Asa Packer for the sale of coal in New York City. He shipped the 
 first coal by rail to Newark, New Jersey, connecting the New Jersey Central, at 
 Ehzabeth, with the New Jersey railroad. These two roads having difEerent gauges, 
 he invented the broad tread-wheel, which permitted the cars to go direct through 
 to Newark without unloading. Mr. EusUng was founder and president of the second 
 building and loan association in the United States. At the breaking out of the 
 Eebellion, he secured letters from President Prelinghuysen, of Eutgers College, to 
 President Lincoln and Secretary Seward, and going to Washington, D. C, obtained 
 a contract for supplying the government with forage. In October, 1861, he was 
 appointed agent of the government to handle forage shipped over the Baltimore and 
 Ohio railroad under Colonel Ingals. In the spring of 1863 he became agent of the 
 government to purchase hay and oats in the west, ship them to the seat of war and 
 oversee their transportation. While thus engaged he was taken sick and returned to 
 his home in May, 1862,- and for two years was unable to do any business. In 1864 
 he removed with his family to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, which continued to 
 be his place of residence until his death, October 3, 1896. The first year of his 
 residence in this village he bought hay and grain for the government. In 1868 
 he embarked in the hay business for himself, operating at times as many as fifteen 
 presses, and continued the business up to 1873. In 1871 he invented a hay-tie, which 
 is now in general use, and the same year he erected the Eusling block in Lawrence- 
 ville. In 1878 he took charge of the cattle bill in Congress for the Humane Society, 
 and finally secured laws for the better transportation of live stock from the west 
 to the eastern markets. On December 23, 1857, Mr. Eusling married Stella Shoe- 
 maker Orton, a daughter of Dr. M. P. Orton, and grand-daughter of Hon. James 
 Ford, a pioneer of Lawrenceville. Six children were born to this union, as follows: 
 Ehzabeth L., wife of E. D. Brundage, of Wilkes-Barre; Charles S., Pord 0., Prank 
 D., Henry D. and Stella. Mr. Eusling was a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and was also connected with the I. 0. 0. P. and the P. & A. M. societies. 
 In politics, a Eepublican, he was burgess of Lawrenceville and president of the 
 school board in that borough at difEerent periods. 
 
 JoHK B. Smith, physician and surgeon, was bom at Hornby, Steuben county, 
 New York, March 14, 1838. His parents, Hugh and Lydia (Blendin) Smith, were 
 natives of that State, and reared a family of five children, viz: David P., a deceased 
 merchant of Eiceville, Iowa; John B., of Lawrenceville; Harriet E., wife of Edward 
 Markham, of Eiceville; Edward E., a merchant at Brownville, Iowa, and Prank A., 
 a merchant of Osage, Iowa. The father died in April, 1890, aged eighty-one years. 
 His widow resides at Osage, Iowa, aged seventy-six years. John B. obtained his early 
 education in the public schools of his native county, read medicine under Dr. 
 Shannon, of Savona, New York, and Dr. Harrington, of Coming, attended lectures 
 at the University of Buffalo, and graduated from that institution. He commenced 
 practice at Hornby, New York, where he remained for eighteen years. In 1885 
 he located in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, and has since built up a lucrative practice. 
 Dr. Smith married Lenora Chapman, a daughter of Samuel Chapman, of Law- 
 
1030 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 renceville, and has two sons, Lawrence C. and Hugh M. He is a member of the 
 F. & A. M., and the Eoyal Arcanum; also of the Elmira Academy of Medicine; the 
 Steuben County Medical Society, and the Tioga County Medical Society. In poli- 
 tics, he is a Eepublican. 
 
 Peleg B. Sandfoed, retired grocer, was born near Newark, New Jersey, De- 
 cember 8, 1814, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Back) Sandford, natives of New 
 Jersey and Connecticftt, respectively. He attended the public schools of New York 
 City in boyhood, and when fifteen years of age became a clerk in the grocery house 
 of James H. Cook, of New York, with whom he remained eleven years. He then 
 formed a partnership with Edmund Driggs, and opened a grocery store at the comer 
 of Twelfth and Broadway, where they continued in business two years, and then 
 removed to the comer of Houston and Eldridge streets, continuing the business 
 there up to 1856. In that year Mr. Sandford sold out and removed to Kidgebury 
 township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, and purchased a farm, upon which he 
 lived up to 1879, when he sold a part of it and located at Somer's Lane, in Lawrence 
 township, Tioga county, where he erected a store and carried on the mercantile 
 business until 1891, when he sold out and retired to Lawrenceville, which has since 
 been his home. On October 3, 1841, he married Keziah Maleomb, who bore him 
 six children, viz: Susan A., widow of Samuel Wilson, of Clifton, New Jersey; Peleg, 
 a resident of Caton, New York; Isabella, who resides at home; Catherine E., who 
 died in infancy, and Francis and Clara J., twins, the former of whom died in in- 
 fancy, and the latter the wife of P. L. Califf, of Lawrenceville. Mrs. Sandford died 
 in 1873, aged fifty years. In politics, Mr. Sandford is a Democrat. 
 
 Heney Kibkland was born in England, August 25, 1824, and came to New 
 York with his parents when ten years of age, settling in Utica. After attaining 
 manhood, he married Amanda Hutchins, who became the mother of one son, William 
 Henry, now a resident of Goodyears, New York. Mrs. Kirkland died in July, 1851, 
 and March 27, 1853, he married Mrs. Jane Ann Denton, widow of Lorenzo D. 
 Denton. She is the mother of one son by her first marriage, namely: James H. 
 Denton, a resident of Sayre, Pennsylvania. The children of her second marriage 
 are named as follows: George, a resident of Sayre, Bradford county; Harriet 
 Amanda, wife of Leroy Smith, of Smithboro, New York; Lorenzo D., who died in 
 1889; Francis G., of Lawrenceville, and Elmer, who lives in Elmira. In 1865 Mr. 
 Kirkland removed from Painted Post, New York, to Blossburg, Pennsylvania, and 
 became associated with Thomas J. Mooers in the Blossburg foundry, the firm being 
 Mooers & Kirkland. In the spring of 1868 he sold his interest in the business, 
 because of failing health, and died July 27, 1868. On February 5, 1872, Mrs. Kirk- 
 land married John Hicks, of Cayuta, Schuyler county. New York, who died April 
 27, 1875. During the past seven years Mrs. Hicks has made her home with her son 
 in Lawrenceville. 
 
 Feancis G. KiEKLjiND, proprietor of the Hotel Kirkland, of Lawrenceville, 
 was bom in Blossburg, Tioga county, December 5, 1865, a son of Henry and Jane 
 Ann Kirkland. When he was not quite three years old his father died, and his 
 mother removed to Painted Post, New York, where he received a common school 
 education. In July, 1882, he came to Lawrenceville and began clerking in the 
 Daggett House. During the succeeding seven years he clerked in stores in Com- 
 
BIOGHAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1031 
 
 ing, Freeville, Elmira and Havana, New York, and for Wing & Bostwick, of Law- 
 renceyille; and also in the hotel at Lawrenceville, and the Wilcox House, Wellsboro. 
 In February, 1890, he leased the hotel at Lawrenceville, and in January, 1894, 
 purchased the property and changed the name to the Hotel Kirkland. Under his 
 management the house has prospered, and is recognized as one of the best hotels 
 iu Tioga county. Mr. Kirkland is a Eepublican, in politics, and is now serving his 
 second term as a member of the borough council. He is connected with both the 
 lodge and encampment of the I. 0. 0. F., and in religion, is an adherent of the 
 Protestant Episcopal church. 
 
 Leon A. Chuhch, editor of the Lawrenceville Herald, was born April 30, 1860, 
 in Deerfield township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Theodore C. 
 and Julia (Dailey) Church, residents of Deerfield. His father is a son of Daniel D. 
 Church, who came from Troupsburg, New York, at an early day and settled in Deer- 
 field, and his mother is a daughter of Willis B. Dailey, a pioneer of Charleston 
 township. Leon A. was educated in the common schools and at the Mansfield State 
 Normal School, and began teaching in 1877, which occupation he continued for 
 thirteen years. In 1883 he entered the office of the Knoxville Courier, with the in- 
 tention of learning the printing trade, and during the next two years he worked in 
 Knoxville, Westfield and Elkland, when not engaged in teaching. On February 1, 
 1892, he became associated with W. P. Eyon, of Lawrenceville, in the publication of 
 the Herald, which partnership still continues. Mr. Church was married September 
 28, 1880, to Eleanor C. Corwin, a daughter of Daniel and Martha Corwin, of Deer- 
 field, and has three children: Myrtie E., Mabel I. and Herold E. In politics, Mr. 
 Church is a Eepublican, and in religion, an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. He has served as township clerk and inspector of elections in Deerfield, 
 and is now filling his third term as clerk of Lawrenceville borough. 
 
 Eleazeb Baldwin, a native of Connecticut, came to Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in March, 1806, and located in Lawrencie township, on the farm now owned 
 by John Irvin. A few years later he purchased and moved to the property now 
 owned by the widow of his son, Moses S. Baldwin. He married Betsey Stevens, 
 February 3, 1803, who bore him five children, viz: Buell, Eleazer, Eunice, Moses 
 S. and Thomas L. Mr. Baldwin died on the homestead, August 6, 1831, in the 
 sixty-second year of his age. 
 
 Moses S. Baldwiist was bom on the Baldwin homestead in Lawrence 
 township, Tioga county, September 22, 1815, attended the pioneer schools of his 
 neighborhood, and endured the hardships and privations of those early days. He 
 made lumbering and farming his principal business through life, and was an ener- 
 getic, progressive man. He married Millicent H. Wylie, a daughter of Daniel B. 
 and Betsey Wylie, July 26, 1846. She was bom in Susquehanna county, Penn- 
 sylvania, November 5, 1825. Eight children were the fruits of this union, viz: 
 Mary E., a physiciaji of Newport, Ehode Island; Buell, and another son, both of 
 whom died in infancy; Mose S., of Lawrence township; Kate W., a physician of 
 Philadelphia; Daniel W., a well-known laivyer of Westfield; Lucy D., and Lemuel 
 6., & physician of Brooklyn, New York. Mr. Baldwin died December 13, 1867. 
 In politics, he was a Eepublican, filled all the township offices at different periods, 
 and took a very active interest in public affairs. 
 
1032 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 MosE S. Baldwin" was bom on the Baldwin farm in Lawrence township, 
 Tioga county, September 28, 1852, and is the oldest living son of Moses S. 
 Baldwin. He was educated in the public schools and the State Normal School, 
 at Mansfield, and has followed agriculture on the home farm up to the present. 
 He married Miss Eose Osbom. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and has filled the 
 offices of township clerk and school director. 
 
 Epheaim Thomas was born in Ireland, in 1788, immigrated to the United 
 States about 1805, and finally located on the present Thomas farm in Lawrence 
 township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. His wife, Sally, bore him six children, 
 viz: Sally, who married John Mourhess; Betsey, who married Luman Peck; Wil- 
 liam, Ephraim, Mary, who first married George Madison, and for her second hus- 
 band, a Mr. MeClure, and Ezekiel, a farmer of Farmington township. Mr. Thomas 
 was a carpenter, and followed that trade in connection with farming. He was also. 
 a local Methodist preacher, and died on September 8, 1852. 
 
 William Thomas, eldest son of Ephraim Thomas, was bom in Lawrence 
 township, Tioga county, April 15, 1818, was reared on the homestead, and fol- 
 lowed farming during his lifetime. He purchased additional land to that taken 
 up by his father, and was quite a prosperous man. His wife, Mary Ann, was a 
 daughter of John and Caroline Crippen, of Farmington township. They were 
 married September 22, 1844, and had one son, William E. Mrs. Thomas died 
 August 10, 1866, and her husband, February 17, 1892. In early life Mr. Thomas 
 was a Democrat, but later united with the Eepublican pai-ty. 
 
 De. William E. Thomas, only child of William Thomas, was bom on the 
 homestead faim in Lawrence township, Tioga county, February 28, 1858, attended 
 the district schools in boyhood, and has spent his entire life on the place of his 
 birth. He married Flora J., a daughter of Amos and Harriet Wingate, the young- 
 est in a family of five children. She was bom February 11, 1858, and is the mother 
 of four children, viz: William E., Cai-oline C, Charles E. and Walter E. In 1881 
 Dr. Thomas began the study of medicine with Dr. Lewis Darling, of Lawrenee- 
 ville, and the following year entered the Medical Department of the University 
 of Michigan at Ann Arbor. The next three years he spent at the University of Buf- 
 falo, where he graduated in 1886. He practiced successfully for five years, when 
 failing health compelled him to abandon his profession. Dr. Thomas and wife are 
 members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, he is a Eepublican. 
 He is also connected with the I. 0. 0. F., both lodge and encampment. He is one 
 of the substantial farmers of his native township, where he owns a well-improved 
 farm of 185 acres. 
 
 Julius Tebmainb was bom in Steuben county, New York, October 4, 1814, 
 and was the second son of Lyman Tremaine. He was reared in his native county, 
 and followed lumbering and farming the greater portion of his life. He came with 
 his father to Lawrence township, Tioga county, where the family settled on the 
 present Tremaine farm. He majried Anna Eoff, a daughter of Henry Eoff. She 
 was bom September 30, 1814, and became the mother of seven children, as fol- 
 lows: Susan A., wife of W. M. Winter, of Lawrence township; Sarah J., wife of 
 Allen T. Porter, of the same township; Charles H., a farmer of Lawrence; George 
 M., a resident of Troupsburg, Few York; William B., who lives in Lawrenceville; 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1033 
 
 Levi J., a resident of La-wrence township, and Mary E., widow of E. J. Grant. Mr. 
 Tremaine was an upright, Christian man, a successful farmer, and a prominent 
 Democrat. He died December 39, 1883. His widow survived him over nine years, 
 dying January 31, 1893. 
 
 Charles H. Tremaine, eldest son of Julius Tremaine, and grandson of Ly- 
 man Tremaine, was born on the homestead farm in Lawrence township, Tioga 
 county, February 4, 1841, and has spent his entire life upon the same place. He 
 obtained a common school education, and worked with his father in the lumber 
 business until the death of the latter, when he bought out the other heirs and con- 
 tinued the business alone. On November 21, 1865, he married Thyrza M. Guile, 
 a daughter of Joseph Guile. She was bom December 18, 1841, and has two chil- 
 dren: Frank B., a farmer on the old homestead, who married Maria Kelts, a daugh- 
 ter of Delos and Maria Kelts, of Lawrence township, and has two chidren, Charles 
 D. and Gilbert E.; and Julius E., who resides at home. The family are members of 
 the Protestant Episcopal church, and in politics, adherents of the Democratic party. 
 Mr. Tremaine is a member of the F. & A. M., and of the I. 0. 0. F., both lodge and 
 encampment. He has served as a school director, and township supervisor, and 
 is one of the well-known citizens of the township. 
 
 Thomas Knapp was bom in Connecticut, in 1801, and the following year his 
 parents, Elijah and Currance (Barnes) Knapp, removed from Connecticut to Lind- 
 ley, New York. Thomas was the eldest in a family of eleven children, viz: 
 Thomas, Seldon, Frederick, Abraham, Jacob, Shadrack, Derrick, Betsey, Polly, 
 Sally and Lemiza. The father was killed by a rolling log, about 1838. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was reared in New York state, living there until 1832, in which 
 year he removed to Tioga county. He married Emily Cady, a daughter of John 
 and Amelia Cady, who bore him the following children: George, deceased; Mary, 
 wife of J. W. Jackson, of Wyoming county. New York; Thomas C, of Lawrence 
 township; Ira B., a carpenter of Steuben county. New York; John C. and Lewis 
 J., both deceased; Andrew M., a resident of Caton, New York; Theresa P., wife of 
 Daniel Stoddard, of Steuben county, and Martha, widow of Abraham Knapp. Mrs. 
 Knapp died April 15, 1875, and her husband, September 24, 1889. 
 
 Thomas C. Knapp, oldest living son of Thomas Knapp, was born in Lindley, 
 New York, June 37, 1831, and grew to manhood in this county. In 1850 he pur- 
 chased twenty-five acres of land in Lawrence township, and an additional tract of 
 fifty acres in 1861, on which he has been engaged in farming up to the present. In 
 1855 he married Julie Cady, a daughter of Samuel and Diantha Cady, of Lawrence 
 township, who bore him one son, Thomas, who died in infancy. In September, 
 1864, Mr. Knapp enlisted in the First New York Cavalry, and was later transferred 
 to the Second New York Cavalry. He participated in the battles of Cedar Creek, 
 Warm Springs, the capture of Early's command at Bladenburg, and Five Forks, 
 and was discharged from the service on June 5, 1865. Eeturning home, he re- 
 sumed his duties on the farm. Mr. Knapp is a member of the 6. A. R., and in poli- 
 ties, a stanch Democrat. He has filled the offices of supervisor, constable and col- 
 lector of Lawrence township. 
 
 Samuel Rockwell, retired farmer, was bom in Tariffville, Hartford county, 
 Connecticut, May 21, 1816, a son of John T. and Amanda (Cowles) Rockwell, na- 
 
1034 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 tives of that State. Samuel is the eldest in a family of six children, and the only 
 survivor. He received a common school education in Connecticut and New York, 
 his parents removing to Southport, New York, when he was about nine years old. 
 He learned the ehairmaker's trade, and in February, 1839, located in Lawrence- 
 ville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he followed his trade eleven years. He 
 then bought his present farm four miles east of Lawrenceville, on which he set- 
 tled, continuing to work at his trade for about twenty years, at the end of which 
 period he gave up that business and devoted his entire attention to farming. In 
 September, 1839, he married Johanna Hunt, a daughter of Hosea Hunt, to which 
 union were born ten children, as follows: Hosea H., a lawyer of Elmira; Edward 
 E., a farmer of Lawrence township; Anna, wife of George Mitchell, of Jackson town- 
 ship; John P., a resident of Minneapolis; Julia M., wife of Charles Seely, of Caton, 
 New York; Sarah J., wife of D. L. Mulford, of St. Paul; Joseph W. and Josephine, 
 twins, the former a resident of Lawrence township, and the latter died in infancy; 
 Nellie M., wife of Chester Blanchaxd, of Farmington township, and Gertrude A., 
 wife of E. W. Clark, of California. Joseph "W. was bom November 2, 1851, was 
 educated in the district schools and the State Normal School, at Mansfield, and 
 taught for seventeen terms, since which time he has followed farming. He was mar- 
 ried September 19, 1883, to Mrs. Lucy Chase, widow of William H. Chase, and 
 daughter of William W. Warren. He has served as constable and collector of the 
 ' township for seven years, and is the present township clerk. The mother of these 
 children died March 23, 1884, aged sixty-nine years. Mr. Eockwell is a member of 
 the Lawrenceville Presbyterian church, of which he has been ruling elder since June, 
 1840. Politically, he is a Eepublican, and has been a school director for fifteen 
 years, secretary of the school board for twelve years, and township assessor four 
 years. 
 
 Edwakd B. Eockwell, second son of Samuel Eockwell, was bom in Lawrence- 
 ville, Tioga county, September 4, 1841. He attended the district schools in boy- 
 hood, and when nineteen years of age went tO' Cameron county and worked one 
 year in the lumber woods. He then enlisted in Company K, Twenty-third New 
 York Volunteers, and served in General Pope's campaign, participating in the bat- 
 tle of Second Bull Eun, and also at South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericks- 
 burg. He was honorably discharged in May, 1868. Eeturning home, he followed 
 lumbering up to 1870, when he purchased his present farm of eighty acres, four 
 miles east of Lawrenceville, and has since been engaged in fanning. Mr. Eock- 
 well married Martha Tilford, a daughter of Charles Tilford, of Lawrence township, 
 November 15, 1865. They are the parents of two children, viz: Frank A., who 
 was accidentally killed while attending school at Homellsville, New York, and 
 Charles S., a fanner of Lawrence. Politically, a Eepublican, Mr. Eockwell has been 
 a school director for twelve years, and is now serving his third term as township 
 assessor. Like most old soldiers, he is a member of the G. A. E. He is a member 
 of the Bast Lawrence Christian church and has been Sunday-school superintend- 
 ent twelve successive years. 
 
 William H. Evans, a native of New Hampshire, came to Tioga county in 
 1836 and located in Blkland, where he was engaged in merchandising four years. 
 He then purchased a farm in Lawrence township, and died there in 1846. He max- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1035 
 
 lied Sallie Parkhurst, who bore him five children, viz: Maria, deceased wife of 
 Dr. E. P. Brown, of Addison, New York; Allison H., deceased; Martha, wife of 
 Thomas J. Lake, of Baxto, Florida; William M., a farmer at Amherst Court House, 
 Virginia, and Curtis P., a carpenter of Elkland. 
 
 Allison H. Evans was born in Springfield township, Bradford county, Penn- 
 sylvania, May 4, 1831, and was fifteen years old when his parents came to Elkland, 
 Tioga county. He was employed as a clerk ia his father's store in that town, where 
 he also worked for a time in a distillery. In 1840 the family located in Lawrence 
 township, where Allison H. was engaged in agricultural pursuits to the time of his 
 death, March 16, 1881. In 1846 he married Abigail Haven, who bore him one 
 daughter, Allena, who married J. M. Harrison, deceased, and is now the wife of 
 Marcus Nye, of Whitesville, New York. Mrs. Evans died in 1848, and in 1849 he 
 mamed Laura M. Haven, a sister of his first wife. Five children were bom to this 
 union, as follows: Alton C, of Lawrence township; Edgar F., a contractor and 
 builder of Elmira; Hattie E., wife of E. G. Haven, of the same city; Nettie L., wife 
 of Dr. M. E. Pritchard, of Haxrison Valley, and Nellie H., deceased. Mrs. Evans 
 died November 19, 1882, aged fifty-three years. 
 
 Alton C. Evans, oldest child of Allison H. and Laura M. Evans, was bom in 
 Lawrence township, Tioga county, March 9, 1853. He received a common school 
 education, and worked on the home farm until twenty-three years of age, when he 
 purchased a farm in Lawrence township, but sold it four years later and moved to 
 Farmington township. He cultivated rented farms ia that township eight years, 
 and then returning to Lawrence township, bought his present farm of sixty acres, 
 five miles west of Lawrenceville, on which he has since lived. Mr. Evans married 
 Phebe D. Lugg, a daughter of Eobert and Eebecca Lugg, of Nelson. She was born 
 August 6, 1859, and has two children: Leah E., a teacher, and DoUie. The family 
 are members of the Presbyterian church, and politically, Mr. Evans is a Democrat. 
 Joseph Guile, a native of Vermont, bom July 33, 1813, was a son of Leonard 
 Guile, who was born in the same State September 34, 1793. Joseph was reared in 
 Vermont, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1840, locating on Lamb's 
 creek, where he operated a saw-mill for about seven years. He then removed to Mid- 
 dlebury township and purchased 300 acres of timber land, from which he cleared 
 a farm of 150 acres. He next removed to Lawrence township, rented a saw-mill, 
 and followed lumbering there for five years, at the end of which time he removed 
 to Tioga township, leased the DePui saw and grist-mills, and carried on a large 
 and lucrative business for five years. Becoming a member of the firm of Tubbs, 
 Eansom & Guile, he engaged extensively in the lumber business in Lawrence town- 
 ship and vicinity for upwards of ten years, then sold his interest to his partners and 
 purchased a farm at Somer's Lane, where he also built a store and carried on the 
 mercantile business up to the time of his death, July 34, 1885. Mr. Guile married 
 Susan Leonard, a daughter of Ebenezer Leonard. She was born on February 15, 
 1813, and bore him a family of eleven children, viz: Marietta, bom February 15, 
 1831, and died October 7, 1889; John E., bom January 5, 1833, and died Febmary 
 14, 1854; Martha J., bom January 23, 1835, and died March 27, 1842; Curtis C, 
 bom April 17, 1837, a farmer just across the line in New York state; Adeline E., 
 bom July 9, 1839, and died in August, 1885; Thyrza M., born December 18, 1841, 
 
1036 HISTOBY 01? TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 wife of Charles Tremaine, of Lawrence township; Wyat S., bom November 35, 
 1843, and died December 16, 1853; Norman L., bom October 20, 1845, a farmer at 
 Crown Point, New York; Leonard J., bom July 23, 1848, a farmer in Lawrence 
 township; Quincy M., bom January 19, 1853, a conductor on the Fall Brook rail- 
 road, residing at Coming, and Charles E., bom Decembr 10, 1857, a conductor on 
 the Erie railroad, living at Cameron, New York. Mrs. Guile died on the old home 
 stead October 17, 1875. 
 
 Leonaed J. Guile, son of Joseph Guile, was bom in Lawrence township, 
 Tioga county, July 33, 1848, attended the common schools in boyhood, and when 
 nineteen years of age began working the home farm on shares. Two years later he 
 entered his father's store, in which he clerked two years, next spent two years in 
 Jackson township in the lumber business, and then found employment on the Tioga 
 railroad. At the end of one year he began working for the Fall Brook railroad, 
 where he remained five years. He next spent a year in tobacco growing, and then 
 went to Lyons, New York, and carried on a restaurant there for a couple of years, at the 
 end of which period he purchased his present farm of seventy-seven acres south 
 of Lawrenceville, on which he has since resided. On July 11, 1868, he married 
 Sarah A. Warren, a daughter of Elijah and Mary (Edison) Warren, who was born 
 on Atigust 8, 1844. Mr. Guile is one of the progressive farmers of Lawrence, and 
 in polities, a stanch Eepubliean. 
 
 Nelvin H. Beant was bom in Delhi, Delaware county. New York, in 1812, 
 a son of Hamilton Brant, a native of Massachusetts. He followed farming in his 
 native State up to 1857, in which year he purchased a farm in Lawrence township, 
 Tioga county, where the remaining years of his life were passed. His wife, Jerusha, 
 was a daughter of Jeremiah Mulford, of Steuben county. New York, and bore him 
 nine children, as follows: Albert and Bruce, both of whom were drowned in boy- 
 hood; Legrand G., of Lawrence township; Anna J., wife of James Loop, of Blmira; 
 Eoss M., who died at the age of twenty; Charles P., a carpenter at Coming; Bruce 
 N., who lives on the old homestead; Mrs. Ella S. Wells, of Elmira, and Jennie. 
 Mr. Brant died on September 3, 1865, and his wife, November 7, 1882, surviving 
 him over seventeen years. 
 
 Legeand G. Beant, oldest living child of Nelvin H. Brant, was bom in Lind- 
 ley, New York, March 20, 1848, and came with his parents to this county. On .Janu- 
 ary 14, 1864, when in his sixteenth year, he enlisted in Company G, One Hun- 
 dred and Sixty-first New York Volunteers, and participated in the following en- 
 gagements: Sabine Cross Eoad, Pleasant Hill, Cane Eiver Crossing, Ovalooses 
 Prairie, Yellow Bayou, Siege of Fort Morgan, and the Siege of Spanish Fort and 
 Port Blakely. He was transferred to Battalion One Hundred and Sixty-first New 
 York regiment, September 20, 1865, and promoted to corporal of Company B. He 
 was discharged at Tallahasse, Florida, November 12, 1865, and retuming home had 
 charge of the homestead farm for ten years. In 1866 he purchased a tract of land 
 in Lawrence township, to which he subsequently added, until he now owns 160 
 acres. In the spring of 1882 he located on this property, and is making a 
 specialty of sheep growing. Mr. Brant married Ella M. Horton, a daughter of Hiram 
 and Hannah Horton, of Lawrence, October 11, 1876. She is the youngest in a family 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1037 
 
 of eight children, and was born January 1, 1850. Seven children are the fruits of 
 this union, viz: Arthur G., Floyd H., Cora M., "Walter S., Morton C, Frank and 
 Jennie L. Mrs. Brant is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Brant is a Republican, has served as supervisor and school director, and is 
 a member of the G. A. E., and the P. of H. societies. 
 
 Lyman Huelbut was a lineal descendant of Thomas Hurlbut, who came 
 from England in 1635 and helped to establish the Saybrook colony, in Connecti- 
 cut. He was bom in the Wyoming valley, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1797, a son of Nap- 
 thali Hurlbut, a native of Groton, Connecticut, born August 13, 1767. His father 
 was married in Hanover, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1793, to Olive 
 Smith, a native of Lyme, Connecticut, and a daughter of Dr. William Hooker 
 Smith, of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Their children were as follows: Asenath, 
 Lyman, Esther Eliza, who married Abel Hoyt, of Osceola, and died in that borough; 
 Mary Ann, Amos Avery, William Hooker, and John Randolph, a resident of Osceola. 
 The father never lived in this county, and died in Bums, ISTew York, March 38, 1844. 
 When a young man, Lyman left his home in the Wyoming valley and entered the 
 mercantile house of Philip Hone, of New York City. After a varied experience 
 in New York, he returned to the Wyoming valley and became one of the leading 
 contractors of his time. He built a large portion of the North Branch canal, from 
 Wilkes-Barre to Towanda, several bridges across the Susquehanna, and employed 
 several hundred men for a number of years. In the spring of 1856 he came with his 
 family to Tioga county, and purchased what was then known as the Newbury 
 Cloos farm, on the Cowanesque river, in Deerfield township. In the spring of 1861 
 he sold this place and bought the Thomas Eichardson farm, four miles west of 
 Lawrenceville, in Lawrence township, where he lived until his wife's death, after 
 which he made his home with his youngest daughter, Mrs. Dewitt Baxter, in Nel- 
 son, and died on May 20, 1876, aged seventy-nine years. Mr. Hurlbut married 
 Caroline Scovill, July 17, 1823, to which union were bom eight children, as fol- 
 lows: George Lyman, John Scovill, Maria G., wife of James Hancock; William 
 N., a resident of Westfield; Esther Olive, wife of Eeuben Close; Caroline Scovill, 
 wife of Luke Gibson; Sarah Myers, wife of Dewitt Baxter, and Charles Fuller, a real 
 estate agent of Elmira, New York. Mr. Hurlbut was a man of strong personality, 
 striking physique, large-hearted and liberal in his views, and a consistent Christian. 
 George Lyman Hurlbut, eldest child of Lyman Hurlbut, was bom in Exeter, 
 Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, December 35, 1827. He received a good education, 
 graduating from the Wyoming Seminary, and taught a few terms of school In 
 1851 he went to California, where he spent about four years. Eeturning home, he 
 came with his parents to Deerfield township, Tioga county, in the spring of 1856, 
 where he became interested in the tanning business. Five years later the family 
 removed to Lawrence township. On August 9, 1862, Mr. Hurlbut enlisted in Com- 
 pany B, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated 
 in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and many other minor engage- 
 ments. He was honorably discharged at Harrisburg, May 29, 1863, and returned 
 to his home in Lawrence township. Here he followed agriculture up to his death, 
 November 12, 1893, leaving to his family a good farm of 200 acres. He was mar- 
 ried November 13, 1861, to Jane E. Blanchard, a daughter of Charles Blanchard, 
 
1038 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of Lawrence township, who bore him five children, as follows: Came L., a teacher 
 in Detroit; Emma, Marion, Charles L., who was drowned in the Cowanesque, at 
 Nelson, when about eighteen years old, and John, who manages the old home- 
 stead. Mr. Hurlbut was a member of the G. A. R., and I. 0. 0. F. In politics, a 
 Eepublican, he filled the offices of school director and assessor, and was one of the 
 prominent citizens of Lawrence township. 
 
 Heney p. Kiekendall, a native of New Jersey, was married in Tompkins 
 county, New York, and subsequently located in the town of Barton, Tioga county^ 
 New York, where he followed farming until his removal to Lawrenceville, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania. Here he engaged in the lumber business, and later bought, 
 a farm at gamer's Lane, where he spent the remaining years of his life. His family 
 were as follows: Mrs. Louisa T. Eeep, Julius B., deceased; Samuel E., a lawyer of 
 Millerton; Erastus, who lives on the old homestead; John K., and William H., 
 both deceased; Mary J., wife of Daniel Higgins, of Rockland, Illinois; James, Henry 
 P., Leonard E., and Martha, who died in infancy. Mr. Kirkendall was actively 
 interested in educational matters, axid always took a prominent part in school work. 
 
 Vine D. Patchin was bom in Paulding, Dutchess county. New York, in 1803, 
 a son of John and Jerusha (Cook) Patchin, and grandson of Andrew Patchin, a 
 native of New England, and a soldier in the Eevolution, who died at White Plains 
 during that struggle for liberty. Andrew married Mary Mallory, who bore him 
 two children, John, and a daughter who married a Mr. Vinegar. John Patchin 
 was bom in Dutchess county. New York, maorried Jerusha Cook, and reared three 
 children, viz: Vine D., Levi M. and Sally, all of whom are dead. Vine D. re- 
 ceived a common school education, followed farming for a livelihood, and came to 
 Tioga county in April, 1843, locating in Eichmond township, where he purchased 
 a farm on which he resided up to his death, in 1880. He married Maria H. David- 
 son, a daughter of James Davidson, to which union were bom three children, viz: 
 Andrew J., of Lawrence township; Orville M. and Arvine, the last two being de- 
 ceased. Mrs. Patchin died in 1885. 
 
 Andhew J. Patchin, only living child of Vine D. Patchin, was bom in Chen- 
 ango county. New York, May 25, 1830, and was twelve years old when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. When fifteen years of age he commenced working in the 
 lumber woods, and fifteen years later purchased a farm in Eichmond township, 
 which he cultivated five years, then sold it and went to work in the Amot mines. 
 In 1870 he bought his present farm, which now comprises 300 acres, in Lawrence 
 township, three miles south of Lawrenceville, where he has since resided. In 1852 
 he married Jane Pratt, a daughter of Eobert Pratt, who bore him two children, 
 viz: Vine D., bom December 14, 1866, who was killed by the cars October 1, 1892, 
 while filling the position of conductor, and Mart K., bom November 19, 1872, 
 who was married November 1, 1894, to Hattie J., daughter of Almeron Perry, of 
 Eichmond township, and has charge of the homestead farm. Politically, the family 
 are Eepublicans. Mr. Patchin has been a school director two terms, supervisor two 
 terms, and auditor for three terms. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and the I. 0. 
 0. P., while his son. Mart K., is also a member of the latter society. 
 
 Allen T. Poetee was bom in Troy, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, Jixly 8, 
 1837, a son of Uel Porter, a native of Bethlehem, Albany county. New York, bom. 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1()39 
 
 December 15, 1805. His father was the youngest of three children born to Thomas 
 and Hannah Porter, viz: John, Betsey and Uel. His grandparents located at 
 Troy, Pennsylvania, in 1814, where Thomas died July 19, 1834, and his wife. May 
 23, 1840. IJel Porter was married February 27, 1825, to Eliza A. Purman, of Co- 
 lumbia township, Bradford county, who was born in Delaware county. New York, 
 August 25, 1807. They became the parents of nine children, as follows: Rensse- 
 laer, born July 14, 1826, and died October 26, 1853; John F., born April 27, 1828, 
 and died in 1894; James, born April 22, 1831, is a farmer at Canton, Bradford 
 county; Lydia, deceased, who was bom April 2, 1833; Elizabeth, born February 
 14, 1835, wife of P. A. Palmer, of Chicago; Allen T., now residing in Lawrence 
 township; Ezra E., bom August 5, 1843, and died May 9, 1844; Eliza H., bom Janu- 
 ary 30, 1847, who is the wife of J. N. Chilson, of Chicago, and Alvin, bom De- 
 cember 22, 1849, now a carpenter and builder of Elma, Chehalis county, Wash- 
 ington. The parents both died in Troy, Bradford county. The subject of this 
 sketch remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age. He enlisted Febru- 
 ary 24, 1864, in Company M, One Hundred and Twelfth regijnent. Second Penn- 
 sylvania Heavy Artillery. His regiment was first stationed at Fort Ethan Allen 
 and Fort Marcy. He was engaged in the battle of Cold Harbor and in front of 
 Petersburg, where he was taken sick and sent to the hospital. He remained in 
 hospital almost a year, and was detailed for duty when discharged from the ser- 
 vice at the close of the war. Returning to Troy, Bradford county, he soon after 
 went to Fall Brook, Tioga county, where he was employed by the Fall Brook 
 Coal Company until the spring of 1866. Three years later he located at Lawrenee- 
 ville, but after a short stay in that borough moved to Mansfield, where he lived two 
 years. In the spring of 1874 he purchased his present farm of 127 acres two miles 
 west of Lawrenceville, where he has since devoted his attention to farming. Mr. Por- 
 ter has been twice married. On December 24, 1856, he married Wealthy Johnson, a 
 daughter of Dr. P. A. Johnson, of Troy, who bore him two children, viz: Edward E., 
 a merchant tailor of Denver, Colorado, and Carrie M., wife of H. B. Milligan, of Lake 
 Charles, Louisiana. His second marriage occurred June 30, 1867, to Sarah J., a 
 daughter of Julius and Anna Tremaine, of Lawrence township. Mr. Porter 
 is one of the prosperous and progressive farmers of his township. He is a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. F., the G. A. R., and the Farmers' Industrial Union, and was on 
 the state committee of the Farmers' Alliance and Agricultural School. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Porter is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 John McAvot was born in Queens county, Ireland, June 24, 1830, a son of 
 Samuel and Maria (Burke) McAvoy, natives of Ireland. His father was a ser- 
 geant and master-tailor In the British army, and had two children, Julia, widow of 
 Edward Hinds, who resides in Wisconsin, and John. The latter attended the pub- 
 lic schools of his native land, and worked on a farm until his ninteenth year, when 
 he immigrated to the United States and found employment in a bottling works 
 in Albany, New York, where he spent two years. He then removed to Coming, 
 but two months later located in Richmond township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and for thirty-four years was in the employ of the Tioga Railroad Com- 
 pany, as a foreman, with the exception of eight months, in 1868, when he worked 
 on the Kansas Pacific railroad, in Kansas. In the spring of 1879 he moved to his 
 
1040 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COTTNTT. 
 
 present farm, which, he had purchased two years before, consisting of seventy- 
 five acres, three miles south of Lawrenceville, on the Tioga river. Here he has 
 since devoted his whole attention to agriculture. Mr. McAvoy was married May 
 31, 1865, to Ann O'Co'nnor, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, May 23, 1825, a 
 daughter of John O'Connor. Three children have blessed this union, viz: Thomas 
 M., a train despatcher on the Fall Brook railroad at Corning, New York; Julia, wife 
 of Hugh Weiscot, of Rochester, New York, and Simon, telegraph operator for the 
 Fall Brook railroad at Lawrenceville during the past eighteen years. The family 
 are members of the Catholic church, and ardent supporters of the Democratic 
 party. 
 
 Miletus Beown was born in Cayuga county, New York, there grew to man- 
 hood, and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, purchasing a farm in Chatham town- 
 ship. He married Paulina Warner, who died on January 2, 1879. She was the 
 mother of eight children, named as follows: Burton, who was killed in a collision 
 on board the steamer West Point, August 18, 1862; Merrit B., of Lawrence town- 
 ship; George, a resident of Middlebury Center; Elizabeth, wife of J. D. Carpen- 
 ter, of the same place; Prudence, wife of Curtis Brewer, of Deerfield; John B., of 
 Mansfield; Charles, deceased, and Stella, wife of Charles Carpenter, of Middlebury 
 Center. Mr. Brown died in Chatham township, February 24, 1897, aged seventy- 
 seven years. 
 
 Meekit * B. Beown was bom in Cayuga county, New York, March 11, 1843, 
 and is the eldest living child of Miletus Brown. He received a good common school 
 education, and when fifteen years of age began working as a farm hand, which he 
 followed several years, and then purchased a few teams and hauled lumber for 
 some years. He later acted as agent for the Shakers, on a large broom-com farm, 
 and after this rented farm lands for several years, until he settled on his present 
 farm, which he finally purchased, and has since been engaged in general farming 
 and tobacco growing. Mr. Brown was married January 1, 1874, to Catherine, a 
 daughter of James Paddock, of Chatham township, and has one son, Dewitt A., 
 bom November 27, 1877. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Baptist church. In poli- 
 tics, Mr. Brown is a Republican, and has filled the oflSce of township auditor two 
 terms. 
 
 JoHK McCallum, a native of Scotland, is claimed to have been the fifth set- 
 tler of Farmington township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he located early 
 in the present century. He married Sarah Gee, a daughter of William Gee, of 
 Orange county. New York. Twelve children were bom to this union, nine of 
 whom grew to maturity, viz: William, a resident of Wisconsin; Joseph, Betsey 
 and Jane, all deceased; Charles, who lives in Wisconsin; John, deceased; Thomas, 
 a resident of Elmira; Joshua G., of Farmington township, and Maria, who lives 
 in Illinois. Mr. McCallum lived on the farm in Farmington township, now the 
 home of his son, Joshua 6., up to his death, in 1862. He cleared this property 
 from the original forest, and endured all the privations of pioneer life. He was 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, a Republican. 
 
 Joseph McCallum, a native of New York state, bom in 1814, came to Tioga 
 county with his parents, and subsequently settled on an adjoining tract of land to 
 the one taken up by his father, where he followed farming the remaining years 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1041 
 
 of Ms life, and died in April, 1880. He married Mercy A. ColegroTe, a daugh- 
 ter of William Colegrove, of Middlebury, to which union were bom the following 
 children: William H., of Lawrence township; Susanna P., wife of Lawrence Wat- 
 son, di Parmington; Sophia L., wife of Darius Gee, of Lindley, New York; Benja- 
 min P., deceased; Joseph B., who died while a soldier in the Union army during 
 the Eehellion; Celestia, deceased; Emma Jane, wife of Euclid E. White, of Gale- 
 ton; Adaline E., wife of P. D. Pierce, of Parmington; Elsie E., wife of C. H. 
 Buckbee, of Nelson; Olin E. and Pranklin, both deceased; Ada A., of Eochester; 
 Arthur L., who lives in Corning, and James B., a resident of Parmington township. 
 Mrs. McCallum died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Pierce, in Parmington town- 
 ship, October 1, 1896. 
 
 William H. McCallum was born in Parmington township, Tioga county, 
 March 30, 1836, oldest son of Joseph McCallum, and worked on the homestead 
 until 1862, when he purchased a farm in the same township. In August, 1863, 
 he was drafted, and assigned to Company A, One Hundred and Porty-ninth regi- 
 ment. He was wounded at Spottsylyania Court House, and was mustered out of 
 the service at Elmira, New York, at the close of the war. Eetuming home he 
 resumed his duties on the farm, and continued to live in Parmington township 
 until 1886. He then purchased 150 acres of land three miles southwest of Law- 
 reneeville, on which he has since resided. Mr. McCallum was married November 
 25, 1855, to Eachel Gee, a daughter of Daniel and Mary A. Gee, who bore him 
 three children, viz: Edgar L., who died at the age of twelve years; May B., wife 
 of Eugene Hammond, of Wellsboro, and Ployd E. Mrs. McCallum died in Sep- 
 tember, 1889, aged fifty-three years. He was again married November 1, 1890, 
 to Mrs. W. H. Sink, a step-daughter of J. W. Gilson, of Bradford. Politically, 
 Mr. McCallum is a Eepublican, served as constable and collector of Parmington 
 two years each, three years as auditor of Lawrence township, and six years as school 
 director. He is a member of the G. A. E., and also of the Grange. 
 
 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Gaehet Millek was the first white settler of what is now Jackson township, 
 Tioga coimty, Pennsylvania. In 1793 he came from Orange county, New York, 
 cutting a road through the unbroken forest, up Seely creek from Newtown, now a 
 part of Elmira, to a point near the State line, a short distance north of the site 
 of Millerton, where he erected a rude log cabin. Our authority for placing the 
 date of his settlement as 1793, is an inscription on the headstone of his son, Capt. 
 Samuel Miller, in Millerton cemetery, who died in 1850, which says the latter "Ee- 
 sided here for 57 years." Mr. Miller and wife, Mary, were the parents of 
 six sons and five daughters, named as follows: Samuel, Joshua, Garret, Nathan, 
 James, George, Patience, Sally, Betsey, Peggy and Mary. Soon after coming to 
 this county they removed to a tract farther south, building their second cabin on 
 the site of Millerton. Here Mr. Miller followed farming up to his death. May 2, 
 1824. His wife died nine days later. The family were the first settlers on the site of 
 the village of Millerton, which was named in honor of the pioneer. 
 
 James Miller was bom in Jackson township, Tioga county, a son of Garret 
 Miller. He was reared amidst the scenes of pioneer life, and married Eebecea 
 
 66 
 
1042 HISTORY 01' TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Kinner, wlio became the mother of twelve children, viz: Hector L., Mary E., Henry 
 F., Lydia, Julia, J. H., Benjamin, Amanda, Celestia, Susan, J. B., and Waxren. 
 Politically, Mr. Miller was a Democrat, and served as a justice of the peace for many 
 years. He was a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, which he 
 assisted in organizing in Jackson township. 
 
 J. H. MiLLEE, a son of James Miller, and grandson of Garret Miller, was bom 
 in Millerton, Tioga county, in 1834, there grew to manhood and obtained his educa- 
 tion in the common schools. In 1856 he married Martha Dunham, and has two 
 surviving children, viz: Lena, wife of Jesse W. Miller, and J. H., a student at Mans- 
 field State Normal School. For a few years aiter his marriage Mr. Miller followed 
 agriculture, but in 1866 he embarked in merchandising at Millerton, which busi- 
 ness he has successfully continued up to the present. The family is connected with 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, in which society Mr. Miller takes an active interest. 
 Though not a seeker after office, he has always taken a commendable interest in 
 public affairs and has been honored by his party as a delegate to state conventions. 
 He is one of the substantial and prosperous business men of the county. 
 
 William Gaeeisoit, a son of Justus and Phoebe (Barber) Garrison, was bom 
 November 8, 1808, and was one of the early settlers of Jackson township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, coming here a single man in 1833, where he later purchased a 
 farm of 166 acres, and passed the remainder of his life in that township. He com- 
 menced in early manhood working at farm labor for $8.00 a month, by which means 
 he saved sufficient to make his first payment on his land. Through the passing 
 years he accumulated considerable property in Jackson and Eutland townships, and 
 was one of the prosperous farmers of the county. His wife, Harriet, was a daughter 
 of Poster Updyke, of Jackson township, and bore him the following children: Nel- 
 son W., a farmer of Jackson township; Foster, a farmer of Sullivan township; 
 Angeline, wife of E. D. Shepard, of Mansfield; Eansom E., deceased; William H., 
 ex-county commissioner; Louisa, wife of William B. Eipley, of Eichmond town- 
 ship; Nancy H., deceased; Chester, a resident of Jackson township; Eeuben, a 
 farmer of Jackson, and Ansall E., a resident of Eutland township. Mr. Garrison 
 died upon his farm in Jackson township, in October, 1875. His wife survived until 
 December, 1893. 
 
 William H. Gaeeison was born upon the homestead farm in Jackson town- 
 ship, Tioga county, May 11, 1843, and is a son of William Garrison. He was reared 
 in his native township, there attended the public schools, and later entered the State 
 Normal School at Mansfield. On September 10, 1863, he enlisted in Company 
 D, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Gettysburg, 
 Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and other engagements, serving until the close of the war. 
 He was discharged June 17, 1865, returned home and resumed work upon his 
 father's farm. He has since devoted his principal attention to agriculture, and is 
 one of the leading farmers of his native township. Mr. Garrison was married 
 January 3, 1869, to Amelia N. Sturdevant, a daughter of William B. Sturdevant, of 
 Jackson township, to which union have been bom four children, three of whom 
 survive, viz: Freeman C, who married Ada, daughter of Henry French, of 
 Bradford county, has one child, Cecil, and lives upon his father's farm in Jackson; 
 Alta L., and W. Ernest. Mrs. Garrison is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. ' 1043 
 
 cliuich. In polities, Mr. Garrison is an ardent Eepublican, and has filled the offices 
 of supervisor of Jackson township three years, assessor ten years, school director 
 six years, and treasurer for two years. In the autumn of 1893 he was elected a county 
 commissioner, which office he filled until the close of 1896. Mr. Garrison is a 
 member of Seely Creek Lodge, I. 0. 0. ¥.; Charleg W. Deming Post, G. A. E.; 
 the Union Veteran Legion, and the Patrons of Husbandry, in all of which he takes 
 an active interest. 
 
 Stephen Moeeill, Se., was a native of Maine, where he followed the carpen- 
 ter's trade until late in Ufe. He then removed to Madison county, New York, and 
 about 1833 came to Jackson township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he passed 
 the remainder of his life. He was a veteran of the Eevolution, and reared a family 
 of eight children, as follows: Stephen, Asa, Jane, Mary, Bertha, Hiram, JefEerson 
 and William, all of whom are dead. 
 
 Stephen Moeeill, Je., oldest son of Stephen Morrill, Sr., was born in Maine, 
 September 38, 1796, and there grew to maturity. He served in the War of 1813. 
 About 1834 he married Sophronia !Frost, a daughter of Asa and Mary Frost, who 
 bore him two children, George J. and Sophronia, both of whom are dead. Mrs. 
 Morrill died about 1829, and he was again married to Sophronia Jackson, to which 
 union were bom ten children, as follows: Mary Ann, wife of Charles Hamilton, of 
 Elmira; A. Jackson, of Chemung county, New York; Margaretta A., wife of W. 
 R. Boyd, of Eddieville, Iowa; Lot W., of Jackson township; Jane, deceased; Jose- 
 phine, wife of A. E. Ballard, of Denver, Colorado; Sophronia, wife of W. C. Ma- 
 hurin, of Boston; William E., deceased; Orville B., and Charles S. About 1833 Mr. 
 Morrill came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on the farm in Jackson 
 township now owned by his son. Lot W., cutting the first stick of timber on the place. 
 Here he lived and reared his large family, giving them such educational advantages 
 as the country then aiforded. He became quite a prosperous farmer and accumulated 
 considerable property, which enabled him to live a quiet, retired life in his declining 
 years. Mr. Morrill was a Jacksonian Democrat, but never sought or would accept 
 public office. During his business life he followed merchandising for a time, and 
 also owned and ran a boat on the Erie canal. He died in 1881, one of the respected 
 pioneers of the community, and is kindly remembered by the older citizens of the 
 township. 
 
 Lot W. Moeeill, a son of Stephen and Sophronia (Jackson) Morrill, and 
 grandson of Stephen Morrill, Sr., was bom in Jackson township, Tioga county, in 
 1837, in an old log house on the Smith farm, familiarly known as the "Smith 
 House." He was reared a farmer, attended the district schools in boyhood, and re- 
 mained at home until twenty-five years of age. On December 31, 1861, he married 
 Eliza U. Smith, a daughter of Herman Smith, of Southport, Chemung county, New 
 York, and finally located on his present homestead, where he had spent his boyhood 
 days. Mr. and Mrs. Morrill have an adopted son, Frank D., who is now a student 
 at the Mansfield State Normal School, where he has won the confidence and re- 
 spect of the faculty by his earnest, studious habits. They have also educated and 
 fitted for a useful life Howard C. Morrill, who is station agent at Cedar Creek, but 
 previously was a commercial traveler for a New York house. Mr. Morrill is a prac- 
 tical temperance man, an earnest worker in the cause, and a member of the Grand 
 
1044 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Lodge, I. 0. Gr. T. In eonnection with agriculture, he also carried on a crate factory, 
 and seTeral other enterprises claimed a part of his attention. He is recognized as 
 one of the progressive citizens of the township. 
 
 James Fhiends came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in the twenties, and 
 located near Lawrenceville, where he engaged in lumbering and farming. The 
 country was then principally covered by the primitive forest, and he endured the 
 usual privations and hardships of pioneer life. About 1836 he removed to Jackson 
 township, and located on a farm still owned by his son, S. K. Here he spent the 
 remaining years of his life, dying in 1880, and left a family of eight children to 
 mourn his loss. In early life he was identified with the Democratic party, but 
 on the organization of the Eepublican party he became one of its active supporters. 
 Mr. Friends was a man of marked integrity, his word being always regarded as good 
 as his bond. 
 
 S. R. Fhiends was bom in Steuben county, 'New York, in 1825, a son of James 
 Friends, and came with his parents to Tioga county in early childhood. His 
 boyhood was passed in Lawrenceville and Jackson township, and he remained at 
 home until after his majority. He was then married to Mary Hogencamp, a daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Hogencamp, of Herkimer county, New York, and located on the 
 farm near where he now lives. He settled ia the woods, and was compelled to 
 clear and improve his land, erect buildings, and make for himself a home in the 
 wilderness. When the road was laid out through his farm, he assisted the sur- 
 veyors to run the line, and supplied them with com bread for food, the only kind 
 he possessed at that time. He began life with two cows and a team of horses, but 
 by hard and constant labor and strict attention to his affairs, he has accumulated 
 a handsome property, and is now one of the substantial farmers of the township. 
 He has reared a family of six sons and two daughters, all of whom are a credit to 
 their parents. Mrs. Friends died February 10, 1896. Industry, honesty, morality 
 and temperance have been the guiding principles of Mr. Friends' life. He early 
 united with the Baptist church, but later joined the Reformed Baptist church, in 
 which he now fills the offices of deacon and chairman. He has contributed liberally 
 towards the erection of the present church building, and is one of the leading mem- 
 bers of the society. In polities, he is an ardent Republican, and a stanch supporter 
 of the principles and measures of that party. He is also a member of the Patrons 
 of Husbandry. 
 
 Reuben Mann was bom in Vermont. He came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 when his son, John H., was about four years old, and located on the farm where the 
 latter now lives. Here he was engaged in farming and lumbering until his death. 
 His wife died April 3, 1886. Both he and wife were earnest Christians and active 
 workers in the church. Mr. Mann was scrupulously honest in all his dealings, and 
 was respected by the people of his township. Mr. and Mrs. Mann were the parents 
 of the following children: John H., of Jackson township; Jane, widow of Chauncey 
 Mills, of Wisconsin; Mrs. Jeanette Cobban, deceased; Laura, wife of Albert Mat- 
 thews, of Wisconsin; Jerome, deceased; Boardman, of Jackson township, and May, 
 deceased. 
 
 John H. Mann, eldest son of Reuben Mann, was bom in Dummerston, Ver- 
 mont, March 5, 1836, and remained at home until his marriage, August 14, 1865, to 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1045 
 
 Clara Friends, a daughter of Greorge and Phoebe (Edsall) Friends. He purchased 
 a part of the old homestead, on which he has since resided, and is now recognized as 
 one of the substantial and enterprising farmers of the township. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Maim have been bom two children, both of whom are dead. In politics, he is an 
 adherent of the Eepublican party, but has never aspired to nor held office. Char- 
 itable and kind to the poor and needy, Mr. Mann is highly esteemed in the com- 
 munity. He is now emjoying the fruits of many years of industry and good manage- 
 ment, and is regarded as one of the well-to-do citizens of the township. 
 
 Henet Teowbeidge was bom on the banks of the Kennebec river, at Clinton, 
 Kennebec county, Maine, June 39, 1834, and there grew to manhood. In 1846 he 
 came to Elmira, New York, where he was employed in running circular saws. While 
 there he sent to Boston, at an expense of five dollars, and helped to purchase a steam 
 railroad whistle, which he attached to a boiler at Hendy Hollow, near Elmira, com- 
 pleting the job at about four o'clock in the morning. When he pulled the valve, and 
 the strange, startling sound aroused the people from their slumbers, they cajne to 
 the mUl in a hurry to learn what the trouble was, and were agreeably surprised to 
 find themselves in no danger. In 1849 he married Sarah Jane Hunter, a native 
 of Connecticut, and purchased the farm at Trowbridge, Jackson township, Tioga 
 county, where he lived for forty-seven years. He was the first person in that vicinity 
 to receive a deed for his property. In 1850 Mr. Trowbridge returned to Maine and 
 brought out his father and three sisters to share his home in Tioga county. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Trowbridge were bom ten children, five sons and five daughters, six of 
 whom are living, viz: Henry 0., Sarah A., Loren E., deceased; Eoanna A., Fannie 
 A., George E. and Samuel E., both deceased; Georgiana, Lemuel A., and Hannah Et- 
 tie, deceased. Mr. Trowbridge always took an active interest in educational matters, 
 and was also a firm supporter of the government during the dark days of civil strife, 
 sending a substitute to the army to assist in defending the fiag. When the railroad 
 was built through Jackson township, he deeded to the company a site for a station, as 
 well as the right of way through his land, and in his honor the station was named 
 Trowbridge. A postoffice was also established there bearing the same title, the only 
 one in the United States of that name. When the question of dividing Tioga county 
 was being agitated, Mr. Trowbridge was largely instrumental in defeating the scheme, 
 securing 301 signers in opposition to it. He served as school director for nine years, 
 and although not active in politics, always fulfilled the duties of a good citizen. 
 He was kind and charitable to the poor and needy, and while enjoying the fruits 
 of his early industry, he also enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the community 
 up to his death, June 10, 1896. 
 
 EiCHAED J. Stilwell was bom in Eutland township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, ia 1831, a son of Clark Stilwell. His father was a native of Tompkins 
 county, New York, and located at Daggett's Mills, where he engaged in lumbering, 
 and later purchased a farm which he cleared and improved. He married Mary 
 Searles, who had seven children: Marvin, Eichard J., Sarah L., Herman C, Mary, 
 Eleetus C. and Selina. He reared this large family, and died in 1878. Eichard J. 
 grew to manhood in his native township, obtaining a limited education in the com- 
 mon schools of the district. In 1854 he married Laura A. Everett, a daughter of 
 William and Laura Everett, early settlers of the county. When Mr. Everett and 
 
1046 HISTOET 01' TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 his wife first located in the dense forest, it was customary for his wife to carry a horn 
 to notify her husband in case of being lost. She also often punched the burning 
 log heap at night to make it blaze brightly, for the purpose of driving away the howl- 
 ing wolves that surrounded their lonely cabin. Mr. Everett was a manufacturer 
 of shingles, also cleared up a farm, and aided in cutting a road through the forest 
 from Millerton. After his marriage, Mr. Stilwell located near his father's home, in 
 Eutland township, but in 1856 purchased his present farm, on which he has since 
 resided. Mr. and Mrs. Stilwell are the parents of nine children, three sons and six 
 daughters, viz: Emerson, Mary E., William, Frank, Elnore, Lena, Bell, Jessie and 
 Anna L. The parents and most of the children are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church. In politics, Mr. Stilwell is an active member of the Eepublican party, 
 and has filled the office of township clerk for several terms. By industry and ju- 
 dicious management he has become one of the substantial citizens of the township, 
 and is surrounded by the usual comforts which a successful life affords. 
 
 Geohge M. Hued was born in Knoxville, Iowa, April 8, 1858, a son of Elijah S. 
 and Nancy (Benson) Hurd, of Sullivan county, New York. His father was a son 
 of Solomon Hurd, a hotel keeper of Warsaw, New York, and removed to 
 Marion county, Iowa, in 1830. He was the first brick manufacturer of that State 
 and demonstrated the fact that bricks could be made from the common clay of the 
 soil of Iowa. Elijah S. Hurd was an honored and respected citizen of the State, and 
 one of its representative men. In early life a Whig, he was identified with the Eepub- 
 lican party from its formation, took a prominent part in the political history of the 
 Territory of Iowa, and was one of the delegates that assisted in framing the state 
 constitution. An ardent Abolitionist, his home was a station on the Underground 
 Eailroad, where many a fugitive slave was assisted in their flight for liberty. Mr. 
 Hurd filled many offices, among others those of state senator and lieutenant governor 
 of Iowa. He died in 1878, and his wife, in 1888. They reared four sons and three 
 daughters. George M. was the second son and received his primary education in 
 the schools of his native town. He later attended Central University, and graduated 
 at Epworth Seminary in 1883. Becoming interested in the life insurance business, 
 he organized a company at Dubuque, Iowa, in 1883, to do business in Iowa and 
 Minnesota. He was a director in and manager of the company and resided ia 
 Dubuque one year. Eemoving to Minneapolis he organized the Citizens Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company in 1885, which is yet doing business, and was an officer in 
 the company until 1889. In that year he became interested in the American Build- 
 ing and Loan Association, of Minneapolis, with which he was identified for two years, 
 when he disposed of his stock and removed to Chicago. Here he bought an in- 
 terest in the American Investment Company of that city, of which he was elected 
 treasurer, but at the end of one year he sold out and settled in Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania. Purchasing the old Everett homestead in Jackson township, he has since 
 so improved it as to make it one of the model farms in the county. In the autumn 
 of 1891 he went to California, where he became interested in the Pacific States 
 Savings and Loan Company. After an absence of one year he returned to his home, 
 and in May, 1893, organized the Elmira Mutual Building and Loan Association, 
 which has since done a large business in this locality. He was a director in and man- 
 ager of this company up to 1895 when he resigned and became connected with the 
 
BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1047 
 
 Guaxantee Savings, Loan and Investment Company, of Washington, D. C. Mr. Hurd 
 was married August 14, 1884, to Mary E. Stilwell, a daughter of Eichard J. Stilwell, 
 of Jackson township, Tioga county. Five children have been bom to this union, viz: 
 Walter E., Jerome S., George Ealph, Victor Hugo and Mary E. 
 
 Putnam C. Sisson, a son of Theodore H. and Nancy A. (Eggleston) Sisson, of 
 Jackson township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, was bom in that township on No- 
 vember 13, 1852. He attended the common schools of his neighborhood, and lived 
 with his parents until after his majority. On May 32, 1883, he married Carrie E. 
 Eoekwell, a daughter of Philander W. and Salina S. (Palmer) Eockwell, of Coving- 
 ton township, and located on a part of a tract of land which his father had purchased, 
 and has cleared and improved the same. He has since given his attention to general 
 fanning, in which he has been fairly successful, with the exception of four years that 
 he was engaged in the lumber business at Williamsport, where he removed in the 
 spring of 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Sisson are the parents of two children, Ivan E. and 
 Lina E. They are members of the Disciples church, of Williamsport, and take an 
 active part in church and Sunday-school work at Jackson Summit, where they now 
 reside. They were formerly connected with Jackson Summit Lodge, I. 0. G. T., 
 which has since passed out of existence. In politics, Mr. Sisson is a Eepublican. 
 He was a member of Seely Creek Lodge, I. 0. 0. P., and later a charter member of 
 Jackson Summit Lodge, of the same society. He is also connected with Mitchell's 
 Mills Grange, No. 912, P. of H., in all of which societies he takes an active interest. 
 
 Alfeed B. Hazen was born in Sussex county. New Jersey, March 11, 1837, a 
 son of James E. and Eoxy Ann (Eeed) Hazen. When he was about seven years old 
 his parents removed to Tioga county. New York, where he grew to manhood, receiv- 
 ing a common school education. He subsequently engaged in the manufacture of 
 lumber in that county, which business he continued until the breaking out of the 
 war. On November 1, 1855, he married Eachel A. Leonard, a daughter of Eobert 
 Leonard, of Tioga county. New York, who has borne him two children, viz: William 
 H., born June 7, 1856, and died April 19, 1865, and Stella A., born October 8, 1858, 
 now the wife of Henry Friends, of Jackson township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. 
 Mr. Hazen enlisted in Company G, Fifth New York Cavalry, December 23, 1861, 
 and served with the Army of the Potomac and in the Shenandoah valley. He was 
 wounded in the leg at Brandy Station, in June, 1862, and in the right arm at Spott- 
 sylvania. May 12, 1864. He was in hospital on account of these wounds about one 
 month after each occurred. He participated in all of the battles in which his regi- 
 ment was engaged up to the close of the wax, and was discharged at York, Peimsyl- 
 vania. May 24, 1865. Eeturning to his home in Tioga county. New York, he re- 
 moved in the spring of 1866 to Jackson township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he had purchased a farm the previous autumn, on which his son-in-law, 
 Henry Friends, now lives. Mr. Hazen cleared and improved this property, and 
 now makes his home with his daughter, Mrs. Friends, whose husband has charge of 
 the farm. Mrs. Hazen died December 24, 1888. Mr. Hazen is a Eepublican, and has 
 filled the ofi&ce of township supervisor. He is a member of Millerton Lodge, No. 935, 
 I. 0. 0. P., of Millerton, and of Jackson Encampment, No. 31, I. 0. 0. F., of 
 Daggetts. He is also connected with Charles W. Doming Post, No. 476, G. A. E., 
 
1048 HISTORY OF TIOGA OOUNTT. 
 
 of Millerton; with Mitcheirs Mills Grange, No. 912, and Pomona Grange, No. 30, 
 of Wellsboro. 
 
 Benjamin" 0. Wheelee was bom in Jackson township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, May 31, 1825, but went to Caton township, Steuben county. New York, 
 in youth, and lived there until 1874. He then returned to Jackson township, and 
 settled on the farm stiU owned by his son, Marion H. He followed farming as a life 
 vocation. On November 8, 1846, he married Anneda, a daughter of William and 
 Hannah (Kelley) Strock, then residents of Orange county. New York, buf later of 
 Caton. Three children were bom to this union, as follows: Amanda M., who died at 
 the age of fourteen; Marion H. and Jason C, both residents of Jackson township. 
 Mr. Wheeler and wife were originally members of the Free Baptist church, but in 
 their later years became Adventists. He died February 14, 1878, and his wife, Sep- 
 tember 12, 1894. 
 
 Maeion H. Wheelee, eldest son of Benjamin 0. Wheeler, was bom in Caton 
 township, Steuben county. New York, October 26, 1851. He attended the common 
 schools of his district, and lived with his parents on the farm until after his majority. 
 On September 10, 1873, he married Mrs. Esther Millard, widow of William Millard, 
 and daughter of William and Hannah (Hudson) Rathbun, of ColUnsville, Connec- 
 ticut. She was the mother of two children by her first marriage, viz: Ida A., de- 
 ceased, and Ef&e A., who lives at home. There has been no issue by her present mar- 
 riage. In 1874 Mr. Wheeler moved to an unimproved farm in Jackson township, 
 Tioga county, belonging to his wife, where they have since lived. He has cleared 
 and improved the land, erected substantial buildings, and brought the farm under 
 general cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler are members of Mitchell's Mills Grange, 
 No. 912, P. of H., of which he has been a trustee two years, during which time the 
 present Grange Hall property was purchased. 
 
 Haeet T. Geaves, editor of the Millerton Advocate, was born at Covington, 
 Tioga county, March 26, 1847, and is the eldest son of Thomas Graves. He was 
 educated in the common schools of his native town and assisted his father in the 
 hotel business at Covington during his boyhood days. In October, 1862, he enlisted 
 in Battery G, Third Pennsylvania Artillery, and re-enlisted April 2, 1864, in accord- 
 ance with the general order so allowing, in Company E, One Hundred and Eighty- 
 eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, then being organized. He was wounded at Fort 
 Darling, May 16, 1864, but participated with his regiment in the battles of Cold 
 Harbor, Siege of Petersburg, Mine Explosion, Fair Oaks, Fort Harrison, Chapin's 
 Farm and other engagements, and was discharged at Lynchburg, Virginia, November 
 13, 1865, with the rank of sergeant, his term of enlistment having expired and the 
 war ended. Mr. Graves opened a job printing office in Blossburg in 1868, and 
 January 1, 1870, issued the first number of the Blossburg Register, his brother, 
 Fred, now editor of the Tioga Argus, being connected with him in its publication 
 after the first three issues, under the firm name of Graves Brothers. The office 
 was destroyed by fire in 1873, but within three weeks the paper was again issued with 
 new material. He remained in the Register office until the fall of 1876, when he sold 
 out and removed to Covington. In October, 1877, he resurrected the Millerton 
 Advocate. There was no material of any value in the office, and his first issue was 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1049 
 
 printed at Tioga. He put in a newspaper and job press, and for nearly twenty years 
 has issued the Advocate regularly and enjoys a good circiilation. Mr. Graves is a 
 member of Deming Post, No. 476, G. A. R., in which he filled the position of com- 
 mander four successive terms from date of charter; is also a member of Wellsboro 
 Encampment, No. 105, U. V. L., and Millerton Lodge, No. 935, I. 0. 0. P. On 
 December 33, 1871, he married Maggie A. Doud, of Covington, who died January 
 15, 1890. Three children were bom to this union. The eldest, Nellie, died in 
 August, 1890; Haxry D., died February 9, 1894, and Fritz K. survives. Mr. Graves 
 is an ardent Democrat, and one of the well-known newspaper men of Tioga county. 
 
 Daniel N. Lucy was bom at Big Flats, Chemung coimty. New York, in 1865, 
 and attended the public schools of his native place. At the age of seventeen he 
 began working at the trade of a painter and finisher of hard woods, which business 
 he followed in Elmira, New York, for a period of eight years. He then located in 
 Millerton, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he conducted a general store for a few 
 years, and then resumed his former business. Mr. Lucy became a member of Mil- 
 lerton Lodge, No. 935, I. 0. 0. F., in 1893, has passed through the several chairs, 
 and is now chief ofl&cer of the lodge. In all matters pertaining to the order he takes 
 a deep interest, and is one of the working members of the society. In politics, he is 
 a Eepublican. 
 
 James R. Sheldon was bom in Sussex county. New Jersey, July 3, 1845, a son 
 of Charles and Mary Ann (Eoloson) Sheldon, natives of New Jersey, and of Holland 
 descent. His father was a blacksmith in early life and later a farmer. In 1864 the 
 family located at Aspinwall Corners, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where the 
 mother died. The father died in Elmira. They, were the parents of six children, viz: 
 James E., George, William, Ellen, Martha A., and Laura Ann. The subject of this 
 sketch was educated in New Jersey, and has devoted his principal attention to farm- 
 ing. He purchased a farm of 130 acres in Jackson township, which he cleared and 
 improved, but now resides in Millerton. Mr. Sheldon is interested in the Keystone 
 Suspension Fence, which he manufactures and sells principally in Tioga county. 
 He claims it is one of the best, cheapest and most satisfactory fences in the market. 
 Mr. Sheldon was married in Troy, Bradford county, to Helen M. Soper, a daughter of 
 George "W. Soper. They are the parents of three children, named as follows: Grace 
 B., wife of Charles Satterlee; Walton C, and Leah M. In April, 1865, Mr. Sheldon 
 enlisted in the Union army, but was soon after honorably discharged on account of 
 sickness. In politics, he is a Democrat, and takes an active interest in public affairs. 
 He is one of the well-known business men of the community in which he lives. 
 
CHAPTEE LXIV. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Richmond Township and Mansfield Boeough— Sullivan Township and Maines- 
 BUEG — Rutland Township. 
 
 Eev. Nehbmiah Hobaet Eiplet was bom in Massachusetts, May 5, 1771, and 
 removed to the vicinity of Albany, Ifew York, whence he came to Tioga coimty, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1815, and settled in Eichmond township, on Corey creek, about a 
 mile and a half east of Mansfield. Here, in 1836, he built a saw-mill, where the 
 Elijah Pincheon Clark mill afterwards stood. Mr. Eipley was credited with being 
 the first minister of the gospel to settle in Eichmond tovmship. Before coming to 
 this county he married Lucy Ball, who bore him a family of eleven children. His 
 second wife was Sally Shaw, a daughter of Joshua Shaw. Mr. Eipley was ordained 
 a Baptist minister, and preached for that denomination nearly fifteen years, then 
 became a Universalist, and continued to preach the doctrines of that faith until his 
 death, September 16, 1847. 
 
 Philip S. Eipley was bom near Albany, Few York, March 24, 1813, and was 
 a son of Nehemiah Hobart and Lucy Eipley. He came with his parents to Eichmond 
 township, Tioga county, in 1815, and there grew to manhood. When he was 
 twenty-one years of age he bought the farm upon which his son, Eoswell P., now 
 resides, where he lived until 1892, when he retired from active work and took up 
 his residence in Mansfield. Here he died, April 14, 1895, aged eighty-three years. 
 On December 28, 1837, Mr. Eipley was united in marriage to Lorena Webster, 
 second daughter of Eoswell Webster, a native of Connecticut, who settled in Sullivan 
 township, Tioga county, at an early day. Mrs. Eipley was born June 24, 1817, and 
 became the mother of the following children: Hobart, a resident of Glensted, Mi&- 
 souri; Homer J., of Sullivan township; Ezra, a resident of Oneida county, New York; 
 Joel, deceased; Lucy A., deceased wife of Joseph B. Eumsey; Vohiey, Eoswell P. 
 and Charles Creson, all residents of Eichmond township; Philander W., who lives in 
 Scranton, and Bertha J., deceased. Mrs. Eipley died June 3, 1888, and he was 
 again married, to Mrs. Eliza Miller, widow of Elias Miller, who survives him. In 
 politics, he was a Eepublican, and in religion, a stanch Universalist. He was known 
 for his moral rectitude, steadfastness of character, and devotion to friends and 
 family. 
 
 Capt. Homee J. Eiplet was bom near Mansfield, Tioga county, December 8, 
 1839, and lived and worked on his father's farm until he reached man's estate. He 
 was educated in the district schools and at Mansfield Seminary. In the summers of 
 1858-59, he assisted in laying brick in the erection of the Seminary building at 
 Mansfield, and in 1860 did similar work upon the jail in Wellsboro. In the winter 
 of 1861 he entered the store of A. J. & E. E. Webster, of Mainesburg, where he 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1051 
 
 clerked until the spring of 1862, and then entered Binghamton Commercial Col- 
 lege. In August, 1863, he enlisted in the Fourteenth United States Infantry, then a 
 part of the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. 
 In September, 1864, he was promoted to sergeant, and in November was made com- 
 missary sergeant. Having passed an examination for promotion before General 
 Casey^s board, he was commissioned second and first lieutenant, successively, in the 
 Fourteenth regiment, in June,. 1865. Soon afterwards he was made adjutant, and 
 left New York harbor with his regiment in November, 1865, for California. The 
 command reached Camp Goodwin, Arizona, in May, 1866, and in July the Third 
 Battalion of the Fourteenth became the Thirty-second United States Infantry. 
 He was promoted captain in the new regiment on September 15, 1867, and com- 
 manded at Camp Bowie, Arizona, until July, 1869, when he took a leave of absence 
 for a visit home, and was married November 1, 1869, to Adalena Eumsey, a daughter 
 of Aaron Eumsey, of Sullivan township. In February, 1870, Captain Eipley was 
 assigned to duty as commissary for the Arapahoe and Cheyenne Indians, at Camp 
 Supply, Indian Territory, and resigned from the service January 1, 1871. Upon his 
 return to civil life Captain Eipley engaged in merchandising at Mansfield, subse- 
 quently located on a farm, but seven years later again embarked in mercantile busi- 
 ness at Mainesburg. He closed his store at the latter place in January, 1888, to enter 
 upon his duties as register and recorder, in which office he served three con- 
 secutive terms, and then settled on his farm in Sullivan township. He is a member 
 of Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. E., and is also connected with the I. 0. 0. F., and 
 the F. & A. M. societies. Captain Eipley is an ardent Eepubliean, and one of the 
 most prominent, popular and active members of his party in Tioga county. 
 
 VoLNET Eipley was bom on the old homestead in Eichmond township, Tioga 
 county, October 5, 1843, a son of Philip S. and Lorena Eipley. He was reared on 
 the farm, and has made farming his life occupation. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted 
 in Company K, Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated 
 in the battle of White Oak Eoad. In July, 1865, he removed to Oneida county. New 
 York, purchased a farm, and lived there until January, 1867, when he traded it for 
 his present place of 100 acres, in the eastern part of Eichmond township. On 
 January 9, 1866, Mr. Eipley married Ameda Eumsey, a daughter of Aaron and 
 Aurilla Eumsey, and has two children, Maude A. and Adeline May. He is a Eepubli- 
 ean, in politics, and a Baptist, in religion. He has served as school director of his 
 district, and is connected with Mansfield Lodge, No. 536, I. 0. 0. F., also with 
 Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. E. Mr. Eipley is one of the prominent farmers of the 
 township, and is highly respected in the community where most of his life has been 
 spent. 
 
 Elijah Pincheon Claek was bom in Eichmond township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, May 16, 1807, a son of Elijah aad Lydia (Mixter) Clark. His father 
 was bom in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, in 1783, married Lydia Mixter in 1803, and 
 came to Tioga county in 1806. He was one of the pioneer settlers of Eichmond 
 township. His first wife died in 1833, and in 1835 he married Mrs. Hannah Jackson. 
 He died January 5, 1864, aged eighty-one years. The subject of this sketch grew to 
 manhood in his native township, and followed farming and lumbering. On Octo- 
 ber 20, 1834, he married Fanny Fitzgerald, a native of Orange county. New York, 
 
1052 , HI3T0ET OF TIOGA COTJNTY. 
 
 bom December 28, 1803. The following children were born to this union: Daaiiel 
 E., who died in Whitewater, Wisconsin, July 38, 1863; Warren M., a contractor and 
 builder, of Waverly, ISTew York; Frank W., a lawyer, of Mansfield; J. Miller, pro- 
 prietor of the Corey Creek Stock and Dairy Farm, former superintendent of the 
 State Orphan School at Hartford, Pennsylvania, and now superintendent of the State 
 Industrial School at Scotland, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and Myron S., who 
 died in 1865. Mrs. Clark died April 11, 1873, and in 1879 Mr. Clark married Mrs. 
 Eliza Eandall. He died October 27, 1884. 
 
 JoHif Kelts, a native of the Mohawk valley, New York, came to Tioga county, 
 about 1804, with his brothers, Peter and Jacob, and settled on the site of Mansfield, 
 being the first permanent settlers at that place. About 1813 he married Abigail 
 Button, who became the mother of the following children: Sobrine, of Eichmond 
 township; Jerusha, deceased wife of Seth Eumsey; Mary Ann, widow of Shippen 
 Eastman, of Lawrenceville; Edgar, a resident of Lawrenceville; Jacob, who resides 
 in Westfield; John, deceased; Finley, who lives at Homellsville, New York, and 
 Horace, who lives in Knoxville. Mr. Kelts died in Knoxville at the age of eighty-five 
 years. 
 
 SoBEiNE Kelts, eldest son of John and Abigail Kelts, was bom in Mansfield> 
 Tioga county, December 6, 1814, and is the oldest living person bom within the 
 limits of that borough. He was reared on his father's farm and endured the usual 
 privations of pioneer life. On August 27, 1837, he married Susan Middaugh, a 
 daughter of Joseph Middaugh, who settled in Lawrence township in 1806, on the 
 farm now occupied by Mrs. Elizabeth Knapp. Eight children have been bom to this 
 union, viz: Victor Leroy, deceased, who served in Company G, Fifty-first Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, and died at Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland, May 12, 1863; 
 Alexander Hamilton, a member of Company D, same regiment, who was killed at 
 Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; Isabel, wife of Valentine Eeep; Catherine, 
 widow of Daniel Clark; Delia, wife of Horace Eeep; Horace, a resident of Mansfield; 
 Sarah, wife of Sperry Eichmond, and Ida, wife of George W. Lenox. In politics, 
 Mr. Kelts is a Eepublican, and is one of the oldest native bom citizens in the county. 
 
 Jttstus B. Clakk was born in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, February 4, 1800, a 
 son of Seth and Eleanor (Burr) Clark. His father was a soldier under Washington 
 in the Eevolution. When Justice B. was six years of age, his parents removed to 
 Vermont, and in 1814, came to Tioga county and settled in the Tioga Eiver valley, 
 below Mansfield. A few years later they removed to a farm on Corey creek, two 
 miles east of Mansfield. In 1821 Justus B. was married to Catherine Hart, who 
 was bom May 25, 1805. The following children were bom to this union: John, 
 Julia, who married Albert Sherwood; Lucinda, who married Lyman Beach; Justus 
 B., Nancy, who married Hiram Middaugh; Daniel and Amanda, both deceased, and 
 Morris B. Mrs. Clark died October 7, 1872, and her husband, June 24,1892. He was 
 a typical pioneer and backwoodsman, and in early manhood spent much of his time 
 on the chase, hunting the wild animals that then so thickly infested this region. He 
 was a man of rugged physique and capable of great endurance, and retained his 
 powers of mind and memory up to the time of his death, at the remarkable age of 
 ninety-two years. 
 
 Justus B. Clark, Je., son of Justus B. and Catherine Clark, was bom in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1053 
 
 Eiehmond township, Tioga county, June 5, 1832, was reared on the homestead farm, 
 on Corey creek, and obtained a common school education. On June 5, 1856, he mar- 
 ried Susan H. Lucas, a daughter of James and Phoebe Lucas, who bore him two sons, 
 Lyman, deceased, and George A., now a resident of Mansfield. Mrs. Clark died 
 July 19, 1890, and he was again married, to Mary N". Johnson, nee Klock, widow of 
 Henry Johnson, by whom he has one son, Lee Earl. In the fall of 1861 Mr. Clark 
 enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served 
 antil the regiment was discharged, participating in the various battles in which 
 it took part. He entered the service as a private, and by successive promotions, 
 for meritorious conduct, reached the rank of second lieutenant before he was mus- 
 tered out of service. He was taken prisoner with his company at Plymouth, North 
 CaroUna, in April, 1864, and was confined in Andersonville and other southern 
 prisons until February, 1865. In 1866 he bought his present farm of 375 acres, in 
 the southeast part of Eiehmond township. From 1881 to 1885 he was engaged 
 in the general mercantile business in Mansfield with his son, George A. In 1891 
 he established the Mansfield Carriage Eepository, of which his son had charge, 
 retiring to his farm in 1892. Mr. Clark is a stanch Eepublican, and is also a mem- 
 ber of Mansfield Post, G. A. E., and of Sullivan Grange, of Mainesburg. He has 
 served as a school director, and has been one of the trustees of the State Normal 
 School for a number of years. In religion, he is an adherent of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. 
 
 Geokge A. Clabk, son of Justus B. Clark, Jr., and Susan H. (Lucas) Clark, 
 was born in Eiehmond township, Tioga county, August 4, 1859, was reared on the 
 homestead farm, and received his education at Mansfield State Normal School and Al- 
 len's Business College. From 1881 to 1885 he was a member of the firm of J. B. Clark 
 & Son, general merchants. In 1886 he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and engaged in 
 the real estate and brokerage business, under the firm name of Abbott & Clark. In 
 1889, owing to the serious illness of his mother, he sold his western interests, returned 
 to Mansfield, and later took charge of the carriage repository established by his 
 father, purchasing the same in 1895. The business consists of dealing in carriages, 
 wagons, harness, agricultural implements and machinery. On September 30, 1881, 
 Mr. Clark married Fredrika B., daughter of Henry and Jean M. Allen, of Mansfield, 
 who has borne him two children, viz: Frederic Blaine, deceased, and Irme Audrie. 
 In politics, Mr. Clark is a Eepublican. He is treasurer of Mansfield Lbdge, No. 5, 
 S. F. I. 
 
 Daniel Holden was born in Barre, Massachusetts, September 1, 1784. In 
 1809 he married Lydia Lownsbery, and they became the parents of nine children, 
 viz: Eliza, wife of Martin Stratton, of Blossburg; Lucy, deceased wife of Eobert 
 Bailey; Daniel L., born February 10, 1814, and died June 17, 1893; Isaac, born 
 August 13, 1816, and died March 8, 1893; DeWitt Clinton, born October 14, 1818, 
 and died in 1873; John A., bom December 30, 1831, now the oldest native-bom 
 resident of Mansfield; George E., a resident of Charleston township; Horace W., 
 a druggist of Elmira, New York, and Eeuben N., a resident of Eeed City, Michigan. 
 A few years after his marriage, Mr. Holden removed to Albany, New York, where 
 he kept a hotel. In 1819 he came to Tioga county and located at Canoe Camp, 
 removing to Mansfield the following year. He settled on the land now owned by 
 
1054 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 P. V. VanKess and D. H. Pitts. In 1836 lie built a store opposite his residence, the 
 first one in the village, where he eaiTied on business up to his death, September 4, 
 1830. His widow and son, Daniel L., continued the business until 1834. At the time 
 of his death he also owned a store in Sylvania, and was a partner with Thomas K. 
 Mitchell in one at Mitchell's Creek. He was a man of great energy aoad enterprise, 
 and occupied a prominent place among the pioneers. His widow died in 1874, aged 
 eighty-three years. 
 
 Isaac Holden was bom in Albany, Few York, August 13, 1816, a son of 
 Daniel Holden, and came with his parents to Tioga county in 1819. He grew to 
 manhood in Mansfield, and March 4, 1841, married Lydia Phelps, a native of Che- 
 nango county, New York. Her parents came to Tioga county in 1837, and set- 
 tled at Beecher's Island, where she grew to maturity. She became the mother 
 of six children, as follows: Delos W. and Ada C, both of whom died in childhood; 
 Charles A., of Mansfield; Addie, wife of George Dorsett, of Jersey Shore; Carrie, 
 and Eva, wife of Leonard Grover, of Buffalo. Mr. Holden was in the grocery busi- 
 ness in Mansfield before the war, but subsequently engaged in farming. He died 
 March 8, 1893. Politically, he was a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Chaeles a. Holden, oldest son of Isaac Holden, was bom in Mansfield, Tioga 
 county, December 30, 1849. He was educated in the common schools and the State 
 Normal School. After arriving at manhood, he gained a practical knowledge of 
 business as a clerk in Mansfield and Blossburg. On August 13, 1879, he embarked 
 in business for himself in Mansfield, where he opened a fruit and confectionery 
 store, which he has successfully conducted up to the present. Mr. Holden married 
 Catherine A. Dorsett, a daughter of P. E. ajid Sophronia Dorsett, of Mansfield. 
 
 John A. Holden was bom in Mansfield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, Decem- 
 ber 20, 1831, and is a son of Daniel and Lydia (Lownsbery) Holden. He received 
 such education as the common schools afforded, and in early manhood learned the 
 carpenter's trade with his brother-in-law, Martin Stratton, of Blossburg. He worked 
 in the latter place about two years, from 1840 to 1843, and then returned to Mans- 
 field. Up to 1860 he had either built or helped build over one-half of the houses 
 then in Mansfield. In 1861 he went to Fall Brook and worked two years, putting 
 up buildings there. He again returned to Mansfield, which has since been his home. 
 In 1880 he had charge of the work on the public school building of Mansfield. In 
 1885-86 he built his present home and the house adjoining, since which time he 
 has lived retired. He is now the oldest resident of Mansfield born within the bor- 
 ough limits. On May 34, 1848, Mr. Holden married Betsey Davis, a daughter of 
 Capt. Ezra and Betsey (Walker) Davis, natives of New Hampshire, and early settlers 
 in Mansfield. Mrs. Holden was bom in Londonderry, Vermont, December 14, 1825, 
 and came with her parents to Mansfield in the spring of 1838. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Holden have been born the following named children: Josephine Adelia, wife of 
 Asa L. Wilcox, of Canoe Camp; Nellie, deceased; Daniel Alfred, a resident of 
 Pittsburg, and Lydia Delphine, wife of Prank Wright, of the same city. In politics, 
 Mr. Holden was originally a Democrat, then a Free Soiler, and has been a Ee- 
 publican since the organization of that party. He was the second burgess of Mans- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1055 
 
 field, has been constable, and has served six terms as assessor, and eighteen years 
 as school director. 
 
 Lieut. Jacob Allen was born in Massachusetts, in 1763. He served as aide- 
 de-camp to his father at the begianing of the Eevolution, and after his father's death 
 in battle, he continued in the service until the close of the war. He was married 
 in his native State and became the father of seven children. In 1818 he removed to 
 Tioga county and settled on the old Elijah Claxk farm, in Eichmond township, where 
 he died December 11, 1836. 
 
 Almon Allen, second son of Jacob Allen, was bom in Massachusetts, in 1798. 
 He married Polly Bates, to which union were bom seven children, Fordyee Almon, 
 being the eldest. He came to Mansfield with his family in 1823, from Cummington, 
 Massachusetts, and in 1834 he and his brother-in-law, Solon Eichards, erected a 
 woolen factory in the village, which they operated several years and then sold. 
 After living for some years in Ohio, Massachusetts, and Chautauqua county, !N'ew 
 York, Mr. Allen returned to Mansfield, where he spent the remaining years of his 
 Hfe. He died in 1871, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Peof. Fohdtce Almon Allen, eldest son of Almon Allen, and grandson of 
 Lieut. Jacob Allen, was bom in Cummington, Massachusetts, July 10, 1830, and was 
 two years old when his parents settled in Mansfield. As a boy, he attended the old 
 plank school house near the railroad bridge, on Wellsboro street. His youth and 
 early manhood were spent in Ohio, Massachusetts, and Chautauqua county, New 
 York. While in Massachusetts he learned the clothier's trade. At nineteen years 
 of age he began life for himself, clerking in Coudersport, Potter county, where 
 he remained until 1844, clerking, attending school and teaching. He next attended 
 the classical school at Alexandria, N"ew York, one year. In 1845 he married Sarah 
 Caldwell, of Coudersport, Pennsylvania, to which union was bom one son, Clarence 
 E., now of Elmira. From 1845 to 1848 he taught in the public schools of Jamestown, 
 New York. In the latter year his wife died. He next filled the position of principal 
 of the Fredonia High School, Fredonia, New York, for two years and a half, re- 
 signing on account of ill health, upon the recovery of which he accepted the prin- 
 cipalship of the academy at Smethport, Pennsylvania. On December 33, 1853, 
 Professor Allen married Jane M., a daughter of Alexander and Eveline Martin, of 
 McKean county, Pennsylvania, to which marriage were bom four children, two of 
 whom survive: Frederick M. and Stella E. In 1853 Professor Allen became editor of 
 the McKean Citizen, and the following year he was elected superintendent of schools 
 of McKean county, the first to hold that office, which he filled until the spring of 
 1858, when he established a normal school at West Chester, Pennsylvania, of which 
 he was principal six years. In July, 1864, he came to Mansfield and took charge of 
 the State Normal School, and was principal of that institution five years. He 
 established the Soldiers' Orphan School in the autumn of 1867, the management 
 of which he retained until his death. In the fall of 1877 he again became principal 
 of the State Normal School at Mansfield, being elected for a term of five years, and 
 while still occupying that position, he died at his home in that borough, February 
 11, 1880. It was as a conductor of teachers' institutes, however, that Professor 
 Allen achieved his greatest reputation. So successful was he in this department 
 of normal school work, that his services were in constant demand in all parts of the 
 
1056 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 country. He devoted one winter to holding institutes in Wisconsin, and the sum- 
 mers of 1869 and 1870 to the same work in Maine. In the spring of 1871 he held 
 institutes in Vermont, New Orleans, and Mississippi, and in 1876 in Virginia. In 
 1879 he made a trip to California, and on the way home held institutes 
 in Kansas. In early life Professor Allen was aji Abolitionist, and supported James 
 G. Birney for the presidency, and later cast his fortunes with the Eepublican party. 
 In religion, he was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. His widow, who 
 still occupies the family home in Mansfield, treasures among her most valued pos- 
 sessions the large and well-selected library which her husband collected during his 
 life. Professor Allen was not only a leader in educational work, but was a powerful 
 moral force in the community. He was strongly opposed to the liquor traffic, and 
 bent his energies towards having it so far suppressed as to prohibit its sale within 
 a certain distance of the State Normal School. His untimely death caused general 
 sorrowing, for he was loved and respected by old and young. His ever cheerful 
 smile and encouraging words were an inspiration to all, and few educators could 
 develop the higher qualities in youth to a greater degree than he. So closely iden- 
 tified was Professor Allen with the leading interests of Mansfield, that he is still re- 
 membered as one of its most progressive, useful and public-spirited men. As a 
 Christian, friend, husband and father he was above reproach. He lived close to 
 Nature's great heart, which enabled him to understand the hearts of others and 
 teach them the purer, nobler paths of life that alone lead to happiness and con- 
 tentment. 
 
 LoEiN Btttts was bom in "Windham county, Connecticut, October 28, 1796, 
 there grew to manhood and learned the carpenter's trade. On May 5, 1819, he 
 married Harriet Hyde, a native of the same county, bom April 18, 1800. In the 
 fall of 1829 he removed to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he built 
 the Presbyterian church, said to be the first church building erected in the county 
 outside of Wellsboro. In February, 1833, he removed to Eichmond township and 
 settled on a farm now within the borough limits of Mansfield, on which stood a 
 small house and a log bam. In the summer of 1854 he built the present residence 
 of his daughter, Byrissa B. Butts, where he died August 16, 1874. His wife died 
 June 17, 1837. She was the mother of six children, as follows: Byrissa B., of Mans- 
 field; Harriet, who died October 4, 1847; Jean M., deceased wife of Henry Allen, 
 deceased; Lucy A., widow of Spencer Mclntyre, of Blossburg; Dyer J., of Mans- 
 field, and Lorin Hyde, who resides in New York City. Mr. Butts was an elder in 
 the Presbyterian church and a tireless, enthusiastic worker in both church and 
 Sunday-school. By his personal example and efforts, he did much to forward the 
 cause of religion and morality, and was especially prominent in temperance work. 
 His wife, too, was an earnest and devoted Christian, and was active in the charitable 
 work of the church. During the dark days of the Eebellion, he. was ever loyal and 
 devoted to the government and sent two sons into the army to assist in defending 
 the Union. In politics, Mr. Butts was a Eepublican, served five years as a Justice of 
 the peace, and also held various other township offices. He was practically the 
 founder of Friendship Lodge, No. 274, F. & A. M., and an active and conscientious 
 Mason. 
 
 Byrissa B. Butts, oldest child of Lorin Butts, was bom in Canterbury, Wind- 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1057 
 
 ham county, Connecticut, March 31, 1830. When nine years of age she came with 
 her parents to Lawrenceville, Tioga county, and four years later to Mansfield. Her 
 mother died when Byrissa B. was seventeen years of age, and the care of the younger 
 children fell upon her. She has remained unmarried, was the companion of her 
 father during the declining years of his life, and now occupies the old homestead 
 on South Main street, in Mansfield. This and the fifty acres of land adjoining she 
 owns and manages. Though advanced in years, she is still vigorous and active, and 
 gives her personal attention to the management of her property. Her memory 
 of events and incidents connected with the earlier history of the tovmship and bor- 
 ough is clear and accurate. She is known in the community as a very charitable 
 woman, who is always kind and helpful to the poor and needy — a woman whose 
 enterprise, public spirit and charity are well known in the Tioga valley, where she has 
 lived for almost seventy years. 
 
 Apollos Pitts, son of Hanover and MoUie (Cudworth) Pitts, was bom in Sul- 
 livan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1810, and spent his early 
 years in that township, with the exception of a few years after his mother's death 
 that he lived with a family named Eeynolds, in Hector, New York. His opportuni- 
 ties for obtaining an education were limited to the pioneer schools of that period, 
 and he was reared to habits of industry and economy. On May 10, 1833, he married 
 Phoebe M. Mudge, a daughter of Aaron Mudge, an early settler of Sullivan town- 
 ship, who bore him a family of eight children, four of whom are living, viz: Pem- 
 broke P., a resident of Belmont, New York; Mrs Mary P. Smith, of Osawatomie, 
 Kansas; Daniel H. and John F. The deceased are: Charles M., Aaron M., Emma 
 Josephine, who married J. "W. Bailey, and Lucinda H., who married J. S. Mur- 
 dough. In 1837 Mr. Pitts came to Mansfield, and engaged in mercantile business; 
 was also postmaster of that borough, and filled the office of justice of the peace so 
 many years that he was always addressed as 'Squire Pitts. He was instrumental 
 in building the Seminary and served as a trustee. He finally settled on a farm east 
 of Mansfield, since known as the Voorhees place, and lived there many years, farm- 
 ing, lumbering and operating a saw-mill. In 1855 he sold this place and bought a 
 farm four miles southeast of Mansfield. Here he lived until 1865, when he bought 
 the next farm below, now owned and occupied by his son, John P. Pitts. On this he 
 resided until his death, March 9, 1895. His wife died in December, 1873. A life- 
 long Democrat, he was as faithful to the principles of his party during the long 
 years since it lost its ascendency in this county, as when it was the majority party, 
 and never missed an opportunity of recording his convictions at the polls, his last 
 visit to Mansfield being on election day, in November, 1894. 
 
 Capt. Aaeon Mtjdge Pitts, son of Apollos Pitts, was bom in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, October 27, 1834, and came with his parents to Mansfield in 1837. 
 He was educated at the common schools, the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima, 
 New York, and Mansfield Classical Seminaiy. In 1858 he removed to Doniphan 
 county, Kansas, and while residing there served as constable and deputy sheriff. 
 On August 10, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company A, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, 
 and rose by successive promotions until he was commissioned captain of Company 
 D, in 1863. He served principally in Mississippi and Tennessee, and was highly 
 complimented by the commanding general for discipline and gallantry. In 1865 
 
 67 
 
1058 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 he was stationed at St. Louis as a member of the court martial board, and 
 was honorably discharged with the regiment at Fort Leavenworth in September of 
 that year. The following December he returned to Mansfield, and in February, 1866, 
 went into the mercantile business with J. S. Murdough and his brother, D. H. 
 Pitts, the firm being Murdough & Pitts Brothers. In 1869 the firm became Pitts 
 Brothers, and so continued until 1879, when Aaron M. withdrew and embarked 
 in the lumber and real estate business. He later engaged in the sale of agricul- 
 tural implements and buying grain, which he continued until failing health com- 
 pelled him to retire. Captain Pitts was married May 1, 1866, to Fannie A. Bixby, 
 a daughter of Amos and Lydia G. (Sheffield) Bixby. She was bom in Yonkers, 
 New York, May 4, 1839, and came to Mansfield with her parents in 1844. Two 
 children were bom of this union, viz: Harriet, wife of Eev. Charles K. Newell, 
 a resident of Big Plats, New York, and Wayne A., a merchant of Mansfield. Though 
 ■a life-long Democrat, Captain Pitts was proud of having voted for Lincoln in 1864. 
 He was a trustee of the Mansfield State Normal for many years, and was a prominent 
 member of the G. A. E. and the Tioga Valley Grange. He died October 3, 1891. 
 For over quarter of a century he was one of the leading citizens of Mansfield, noted 
 for his energy, enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 Daniel H. Pitts, son of ApoUos Pitts, was born in Mansfield, Tioga county. 
 May 11, 1839, and was educated in the common schools and Mansfield Classical 
 Seminary. After leaving school he worked on the homestead farm until April, 1861, 
 when he enlisted in Company K, Fifth Pennsylvania Eeserve, and served with his 
 regiment until June, 1864. Among other battles, he participated in the Seven 
 Days' Fight before Eichmond and the battles of the Wilderness, where he was 
 wounded in the right arm. After his discharge from the service, he became sutler 
 of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, and continued as such imtil the close of the war, 
 when he returned to Mansfield. In February, 1866, he became a member of the 
 firm of Murdough & Pitts Brothers, which three years later was changed to Pitts 
 Brothers. In 1879 his brother, Aaron M., withdrew, and Frank Hart acquiring 
 an interest, the firm then became D. H. Pitts & Company. A short time afterwards 
 Mr. Pitts purchased Mr. Hart's interest, and has since carried on the business 
 alone, his store now being the leading mercantile establishment in Mansfield. Janu- 
 ary 4, 1870, he married Jennie Bodine, a daughter of Frederick Bodine, to which 
 union have been bom three children, viz: Clyde D., Eva B. and Lew F. In poli- 
 ties, Mr. Pitts is a Democrat, and has served as burgess, member of the council, and 
 school director. As a business man, his career has been one of uninterrupted success, 
 and he justly ranks as one of the leading citizens of his native county. His store 
 stands upon the spot where he was bom, and the large business which he has built 
 up is the most enduring and appropriate monument that it could bear to mark the 
 growth and development of the town. Mr. Pitts has been a warm friend of the State 
 Normal School, and has served for many years as a member and president of the 
 board of trustees. He has taken an active interest in local and national politics, 
 and has been a delegate to many county conventions. In 1888 he was a delegate 
 from this congressional district to the National Democratic Convention at St. Louis 
 that re-nominated Grover Cleveland for the presidency. 
 
 John F. Pitts was born in Eichmond township, Tioga county, July 3, 1849, 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1059 
 
 and is the youngest living child of ApoUos Pitts. He was reared on a farm, and was 
 educated in the common schools of his township. When twenty-one years of age, 
 he purchased one-half of the old homestead, and in 1891 bought the other half, 
 making a farm of 300 acres, located a short distance southeast of Mansfield. In 
 December, 1871, Mr. Pitts married Sarah J. Baker, a daughter of Kussell Baker, 
 of Charleston township, and has four children, viz: Mary E., Kaymond D., Josephine 
 M. and Arthur H. Mr. Pitts gave his whole attention to farming until his election, 
 in November, 1893, to the office of county commissioner. His term expired January 
 1, 1897, since which time he has devoted himself to his farm. He had previously 
 served as supervisor of Richmond township, in 1889 and 1890. Like his father, 
 Mr. Pitts has been a life-long Democrat, and is a stanch supporter of Democratic 
 principles. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and the family adhere to the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal church. Mr. Pitts is not only one of the leading farmers of his town- 
 ship, but is one of the substantial, enterprising and progressive citizens of his 
 native county. 
 
 Amos Bixby was bom in Windham county, Vermont, and was reared in Sus- 
 quehanna county, Pennsylvania. He was a son of Darius and Eachel (Smith) 
 Bixby, natives of Vermont. In January, 1836, he was married in Eaxlville, New 
 York, to Lydia G. Sheffield, and in 1844 came to Mansfield, Tioga county. He 
 first engaged in the lumber and general merchandising business, and in building 
 canal boats at a yard northeast of the borough bridge crossing Tioga river. He 
 later became a railroad contractor and built several sections of the New York and 
 Erie road, being also engaged in track laying on that and the Northern Central. 
 He built and operated the plaster and paint-mill at the south line of what is now 
 Mansfield borough; also a saw-mill on the same site. In connection with the mills 
 was a farm on which he resided for ten yeaxs preceding his death. Mr. Bixby was 
 a stanch Whig and later a Eepublican. He was greatly interested in the varying 
 fortunes of the Mansfield Seminary, now the State Normal School, and served 
 many terms as a trustee. He also filled the office of county commissioner for two 
 years, resigning in 1863 on account of ill health. He died August 4, 1863, leaving 
 a wife, one son and two daughters. His wife died in 1881. The children are as 
 follows: Joseph NeweU, who died in 1895; Fannie A., widow of Capt. A. M. Pitts, 
 and Harriet M., who died in 1863. 
 
 Daniel Sheewood, a son of Henry Sherwood, was bom in Connecticut, Oc- 
 tober 33, 1774, and was a descendant of Thomas Sherwood, who came to America 
 in 1634 and settled in New England. While yet a young man the subject of this 
 sketch removed to the vicinity of Marathon, Cortland county, New York, where he 
 was married March 30, 1800, to Anna Stevens, a daughter of John Stevens. She 
 was bom May 8, 1783, and became the mother of nine children, all of whom are 
 dead except Hiram M., of Mansfield. In 1830 Mr. Sherwood, several of his sons, 
 and his brother, Noai, came to Tioga county and settled a short distance below 
 the site of Lamb's Creek, where they built a saw-mill. In 1839 they removed to 
 Mansfield, where Mr. Sherwood continued to reside until his death, April 7, 1859. 
 His wife died Pebraary 9, 1848. Before coming to Tioga county, Mr. Sherwood 
 represented Cortland county. New York, in the state legislature for several years, 
 and usually made the journey to and from Albany on horseback. He was the founder 
 
1060 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of the Baptist church at Mansfield, of which his son, Eev. Abijah Sherwood, was 
 the first pastor. He was a man of intelligence, strict integrity and good business 
 ability. His son, Daniel Lee Sherwood, bom near Marathon, New York, December 
 5, 1809, represented Tioga and Potter counties in the legislature in 1843-43, and 
 Tioga and Bradford in the State Senate from 1844 to 1846, being speaker during 
 the latter year. From 1877 to 1880 he was a representative from Northumberland 
 county. He died at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1886. 
 
 Albeet Sherwood, son of Daniel Sherwood, was bom near Marathon, New 
 York, August 37, 1817, and was about thirteen years old when his parents came to 
 Tioga county. In early life he devoted his attention to lumbering, and after the 
 family removed to Mansfield he engaged in farming. On May 38, 1845, he mar- 
 ried Julia A. Clark, a daughter of Justus B. and Catherine (Haxt) Clark, of Eich- 
 mond township, to which union were bom the following named children: Andrew 
 J., deceased; Daniel Andrew, a resident of Mansfield; Anna M., wife of Daniel L. 
 Fralie, of Coming, New York, and Clark B., who resides in Mansfield. Mr. Sher- 
 wood was for many years a Democrat, but in later life acted with the Prohibition 
 party. He was one of the early trustees of the State Normal School at Mansfield, 
 and the longest in service, and some years before his death was made an honorary 
 trustee for life. He was also a member and a deacon of the Baptist church of Mans- 
 field. He died September 4, 1896, aged seventy-nine years. 
 
 Daniel Andrew Sherwood was bom at Mansfield, Tioga county, July 16, 
 1848, a son of Albert Sherwood, and grandson of Daniel Sherwood. He obtained 
 his education in the common schools, the State Normal School of his native town, 
 and the University of Chicago. In 1870 he assisted in the Geological Survey of 
 Ohio, under Prof. J. S. Newberry, and was also engaged for five years in field work 
 on the New York Survey, under Prof. James Hall. Prom 1873 to 1878 he assisted 
 in the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, with Prof. J. P. Lesley, working 
 principally in Tioga, Bradford, Lycoming and Potter counties. During the World's 
 Fair in Chicago, he was the manager of the Pennsylvania Mineral Exhibit. He 
 has also been in the employ of the Anchor Oil Company in surveying and locating 
 wells. Mr. Sherwood was married April 17, 1873, to Jennie L. Knapp, a daughter 
 of A. M. and Elizabeth Knapp, of Lawrence township, and has five children, viz: 
 Anna L., Hugh M., Mattie J., Lola I. and Jennie E. Mr. Sherwood is a member of 
 the Baptist church, a writer of gospel hymns and sacred songs, and takes an interest 
 in religious work. In politics, a Prohibitionist, he was the candidate of that party 
 for the Assembly in 1884, and for Congress in 1894. He is one of the well-known 
 residents of Mansfield, where nearly his entire life has been passed. 
 
 Clark Burr Sherwood, youngest child of Albert Sherwood, and grandson of 
 Daniel Sherwood, was bom upon the old homestead at Mansfield, Tioga county, 
 February 33, 1852, and was educated in the common schools. After arriving at 
 manhood, he adopted farming as his avocation and has successfully pursued it up 
 to the present time. Mr. Sherwood married Sarah E. Smith, of Lawrence township, 
 a daughter of Morton and Deborah (IngersoU) Smith, formerly of Fairfield county, 
 Connecticut. They are the parents of three children, named as follows: Julia Floy, 
 by a former marriage; Lorena J., and Daniel Albert. In politics, Mr. Sherwood is 
 
BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1061 
 
 a Democrat, with independent tendencies. He is a member of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, and is one of the prominent and successful farmers of his native township. 
 
 De. Joseph P. Moeeis, son of Isaac W. and Sarah (Paschall) Morris, and 
 grandson of Capt. Samuel Morris, a soldier of the Eevolution, was born in Philadel- 
 phia, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1809. In 1834 he came to Tioga county, and soon 
 afterwards located iu Blossburg, there being at that time only a few families in the 
 place. He became a member of the Arbon Coal Company, the first company formed 
 to develop the Blossburg coal and iron deposits, among his associates being James 
 E. Wilson, of Philadelphia; Dr. Lewis Saynisch, of Blossburg, and James H. Gulick, 
 of New Jersey. He also was interested in and helped to build the Tioga railroad. 
 In 1843 he purchased of James E. Wilson 1,100 acres of land, formerly the Asa Mann 
 property, for $13,000. This included nearly all the ground now occupied by the 
 borough of Mansfield. Here he resided until 1846, devoting his time to his land 
 and to the practice of medicine. In the latter year he moved to Wellsboro, resided 
 there up to 1854, and then returned to Mansfield. As the village increased in 
 population, his land was laid out in town lots, and the sale of these and the pro- 
 motion of enterprises calculated to advance the growth of the town, kept his time 
 fully occupied, although he occasionally answered the call of those needing his 
 medical services. Dr. Morris was one of the original friends and promoters of the 
 Mansfield Classical Seminary and gave six acres of land as a site for that institu- 
 tion. He served as trustee and corresponding secretary of the Seminary for many 
 years, and was one of its stanchest friends, giving liberally of his means towards its 
 support. He was later a trustee of the State Normal School for some years, and 
 also gave the site for the Protestant Episcopal church at Mansfield. Dr. Morris 
 was married November 3, 1836, to Sarah B. Morris, a daughter of Judge Samuel 
 Wells and Anna (EUis) Morris. Her father was a son of Benjamin Wistar Morris, 
 a pioneer of Wellsboro, and married Anna Ellis, a» daughter of William Ellis, of 
 Muncy, Lycoming county. To Dr. Joseph P. and Sarah E. Morris were born three 
 children, viz: Alfred, bom September 6, 1837, and died June 17, 1860; Catherine, 
 widow of Charles P. Swan, and James Wilson, a civil engineer of Gallon, Ohio. 
 In politics. Dr. Morris was a Eepublican, and an earnest supporter of that party. 
 He died December 17, 1893, at the ripe age of nearly eighty-four years. Though 
 eighty years of age, Mrs. Morris is bright, active and energetic, and gives her per- 
 sonal attention to all matters pertaining to her late husband's interests. She pos- 
 sesses a fund of interesting information concerning the early history of Mansfield, 
 her memory of dates and events being remarkably clear and accurate. 
 
 Olivee Elliott, a son of Nathaniel Elliott, was born near Portland, Maine, 
 May 13, 1805. In 1808 his parents came to Tioga county and settled near Coving- 
 ton, removing to Cherry Plats in 1830. Here his father died in 1840, aged seventy- 
 one years, and his mother, in 1845, aged seventy-nine years. Mr. Elliott married 
 Mary Ann Eockwell, of Troy township, Bradford county, in 1826, who became the 
 mother of eight children, viz: Orson V., a merchant of Mansfield; Oliver W., who 
 died in the army; Anna B., deceased wife of Irving S. Harkness; Thomas D., a 
 resident of Mansfield; Victor Alanson, a resident of Denver, and for twelve years 
 circuit judge, and five years judge of the Supreme Court of Colorado; and Mary 
 and Silas, both deceased. Mrs. Elliott died in. 1846, and in 1847 he married her 
 
1062 HI3T0ET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 widowed sister, Mrs. Julia Bailey, who died in 1849. In 1850 he married Maria 
 Harkness, a daughter of Joel and Almina Harkness, early settlers of Covington 
 township. Three children were bom to this union, only one of whom grew up, 
 Judson A., a resident of Mansfield. From 1836 to 1849 Mr. Elliott resided on his 
 farm near Mansfield, but in the spring of 1850 he returned to Cherry Flats, where 
 he carried on a general store until 1868. From 1868 to 1873 he was a partner with 
 his eldest son, Orson V., in the shoe business at Mansfield. In 1873 he sold his 
 interest to his son and removed to Charleston township, and engaged in farming. 
 A year later he returned to Mansfield, and in 1876, with his youngest son, Judson 
 A., purchased the mercantile business of William Adams, and established the firm 
 of 0. Elliott & Son, in which he continued until his death, April 34, 1891. 
 
 Thomas D. Elliott, a retired farmer of Mansfield, was born in that borough 
 in 1834, and is the fourth child of Oliver and Mary Ann (Eockwell) Elliott. He 
 followed farming for some years, and later conducted a meat market in Wellsboro, 
 whence he removed to a farm in Charleston township, and subsequently to Mans- 
 field. He married Julia A. Macumber, of Eichmond township, and reared three 
 children, viz: Nettie, wife of S. C. Peake, of Troy, Bradford county; Walter V., a 
 dentist of Waverly, New York, and George H., deceased. Mr. ElHott and wife are 
 members of the Baptist church. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and served in the 
 Eebellion as a member of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers. 
 
 Geoege H. Elliott, youngest child of Thomas D. Elliott, and grandson of 
 Oliver Elliott, was born in Eichmond township, Tioga county, July 4, 1863. He 
 was reared on the Homestead farm, and obtained his education in the district 
 schools and at Wellsboro High School. When twenty-two years of age he began 
 running a huckster wagon in Charleston township, which business he continued 
 five years, at the end of whicl^ time he purchased a farm of 113 acres in Delmar 
 township, on which he resided until his death, January 36, 1897. Mr. Elliott was 
 married October 14, 1885, to Louise H. Coolidge, a daughter of D. K. and Maiy A. 
 (Meacham) Coolidge, and left one child. He was a member of the Baptist church, 
 to which his widow also belongs. In politics, he was an adherent of the Eepublican 
 party. 
 
 Laeman H. Elliott was bom in Ancrum, New York, June 4, 1794, a son of 
 William Elliott. He acquired a fair English education in his youth and later 
 learned the mason's trade. In 1804 he came to Pennsylvania and settled at Wysox, 
 Bradford county, where he witnessed the great eclipse of 1806. He afterwards 
 went to Sheshequin, in the same county, where, September 9, 1831, he married 
 Mary Wright, a daughter of Matthew Wright. She was bom in Lisle, Broome 
 county, New York, December 33, 1804. In 1841 they came to Tioga county and 
 located in Middlebury township, where he followed farming, school teaching and 
 working at his trade. In 1848 they removed to Mansfield, which remained their 
 place of residence until their death. Mr. Elliott died April 13, 1873, and his wife, 
 December 38, 1888. They were the parents of two sons, Charles Volney and Simon 
 Bolivar. 
 
 Chaeles Volnet Elliott, M. D., son of Larman H. and Mary Elliott, was 
 born in Sheshequin, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, March 37, 1834, and was 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1063 
 
 seTenteen years old when his father removed to this county. He read medicine with 
 Pr. Nelson Packer, of Wellsboro, and afterwards took a course of study at Geneva 
 Medical College, Geneva, New York. In 1847 he began the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Mansfield. In the autumn of 1856 he removed to Hudson City, Wis- 
 consin, but in 1859 returned to Mansfield, resumed his practice here, and also 
 opened a drug store, which he carried on up to 1891, when he sold out to J. M. 
 Smith. In 1860 he was appointed postmaster of Mansfield, and held the office for 
 twelve years. In 1876 he was elected to the legislature, and was re-elected in 1878. 
 He has also served as burgess of Mansfield, a member of the borough council, and 
 as trustee of the State Normal School. Dr. Elliott was married in August, 1847, to 
 Eliza A. Graves, a daughter of Elisha Graves, of Troy, Bradford county. Their 
 only child, Mary E., is now the wife of Dr. C. W. Brown, of Washington, D. C. 
 Mrs. Elliott died November 2, 1863, and Dr. Elliott married for his second wife, 
 Julia Ahce Holden, a daughter of D. L. and Elizabeth (Mudge) Holden, of Mans- 
 field. The only child of this marriage, Arthur H., was born September 4, 1867; 
 is a graduate of the College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia; married E. Mattie Doane, 
 and is now a druggist in Wellsboro. In politics. Dr. Elliott is a Eepubliean, and in 
 religion, an adherent of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is also a member of 
 Friendship Lodge, No. 247, P. & A. M. Dr. Elliott retired from business aad the 
 practice of his profession in 1891, since which time he has devoted his attention 
 to the cultivation of his pleasantly situated homestead in the northern suburbs of 
 Mansfield. During the many years he was engaged in the practice of medicine, he 
 not only earned an enduring reputation as a skillful and successful physician, but 
 has long been regarded as one of the foremost citizens of the county. His services 
 in the legislature and in the various other offices he has filled, were characterized by 
 an unfaltering fidelity to duty and an unwavering adherence to principle. True 
 to every trust reposed in him, he enjoys the respect and esteem of the community 
 in which the greater portion of his life has been spent. 
 
 William M. Baeden, M. D., was bom in Benton, New York, February 14, 
 1813, and was educated at Geneva Medical College. He married Olive Hanley, a 
 native of Hector, Schuyler county. New York, to which union were bom four chil- 
 dren, viz: 0. P., recently deceaaed, who for many years was a practicing physician 
 ia Tioga borough; Samuel 0., a resident of Eichmond township; Olive Louise, 
 who died in infancy, and John M., a physician of Eoseville, Tioga county. Mrs. 
 Barden died in 1847, in Benton, New York, and in 1853, Dr. Barden came to Mans- 
 field, Tioga county. He was the first homeopathic physician in the borough, and, 
 notwithstanding the prejudice in favor of the old school, he soon established a repu- 
 tation as a skillful and successful practitioner. He died September 30, 1884. 
 
 John M. Baeden, M. D., son of Dr. William M. Barden, was bom in Benton, 
 Yates county. New York, January 33, 1834. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Peach Orchard Academy, Hector, New York, studied medicine under 
 his father, and was admitted to practice in 1863. He located at Eoseville, Tioga 
 county, where he continued his professional duties until 1881, when he removed 
 to Mansfield. Here he practiced his profession until April, 1895, when he retumed 
 to Eoseville, where he now resides. Dr. Barden was married to Harriet H. Ketchum, 
 a daughter of Joseph and Phoebe Ketchum, January 5, 1860. Her parents came 
 
1064 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUITTT. 
 
 from Lisle, Broome coimty, New York, to Mansfield, in 1858. Pour children have 
 blessed this union, as follows: Kate, wife of A. W. Stevenson, of Mansfield; EsteUe, 
 wife of J. C. Gallop, of Smethport, MeKean county; John L., who lives with his 
 parents, and Otis, who died in infancy. Dr. Barden is a stanch Eepublican, and 
 while a resident of Mansfield filled the office of burgess, served in the borough 
 council, and was president of the board of trade, and the Smythe Park Association. 
 He is a member of the Baptist church, also of Friendship Lodge, No. 347, F. & 
 A. M., and Mansfield Lodge, Ko. 536, 1. 0. 0. F. He is connected with the Southern 
 Tier Homeopathic Association, of New York, and is one of the well-known practi- 
 tioners of his school of medicine. To a successful career as a physician. Dr. Barden 
 has added that of a citizen ever ready to forward the best interests of the commu- 
 nity in- which he lives. 
 
 Andrew J. Eoss was born in Pike township, Bradford county, Peimsylvania, 
 February 23, ISS?. His father, Isaac Eoss, was an early settler of Bradford county, 
 and also a contractor on the North Branch canal, where Andrew J. was employed 
 as a foreman. He afterwards clerked ia a store at Stanton, Pennsylvania, and in 1854 
 located in Wellsboro, Tioga county. A year later he removed to Mansfield, and in 
 partnership with the late Philip Williams, under the firm name of Eoss & Williams, 
 engaged in merchandising. In 1860 the firm added lumbering to their business, and 
 in 1865 sold out the store, but continued their lumber operations, and also opened 
 a loan office. On May 24, 1872, they established the banking house of Eoss & 
 Williams, of which Mr. Eoss continued as senior partner until his death, August 
 18, 1875. On April 33, 1856, he married Sarah McKune, a daughter of James 
 McKune, to which union were bom two children, Charles S. and Edward H. Mrs. 
 Eoss died on July 9, 1883, aged fifty-two years. During the thirty years of his 
 residence in Mansfield, Mr. Eoss was prominent both as a business man and a citizen. 
 He took a deep interest in the building up of the borough, and gave a cordial and 
 earnest support to every enterprise having that end in view. He was a warm friend 
 of the Mansfield Classical Seminary, and its successor, the State Normal School, 
 during the years it was beset with difficulties and vicissitudes, and served on the 
 board of trustees and as treasurer of the institution for a number of years. In 
 politics, he was a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Charles S. Eoss, eldest son of Andrew J. Eoss, was bom in Mansfield, Tioga 
 county, February 14, 1857. He was educated in the State Normal School, from 
 which he graduated in 1876. Immediately afterwards he entered the banking 
 house of Eoss & Williams, as the representative of his father's interest, and in the 
 summer of 1878 he succeeded to the place in that firm made vacant by his father's 
 death. After the death of Mr. Williams, in July, 1894, Mr. Eoss carried on the 
 business as surviving partner, until January 1, 1895, when he became the sole 
 proprietor, but continued under the old firm name. In polities, Mr. Eoss is a Eepub- 
 lican, but has never sought or held office. 
 
 Edwaed H. Eoss, youngest son of Andrew J. Eoss, was bom in Mansfield, Tioga 
 county, November 10, 1865. He was educated at the State Normal School, Mans- 
 field, and the military academy at White Plains, New York, from which institution 
 he graduated in 1883. He studied law in the office of Elliott & Watrous, of Wells- 
 
BIOQEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1065 
 
 boro, but has never practiced. In 1889 he established the Eoss Cigar Company, 
 which employs about fifty hands in the manufacture of cigars for the retail trade. 
 Under his management the enterprise has proven successful and is an important 
 factor in the industrial life of Mansfield. Mr. Ross was married April 5, 1893, to Miss 
 Mary Waldo, and has one son, Charles Waldo. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and is 
 connected with Friendship Lodge, No. 347, 5. & A. M. 
 
 Lawton Cummings was born in Oswego, New York, June 1, 1836, and was one 
 of nine children bom to Lawton C. and Polly (McMillan) Cummings, as follows: 
 Maria, wife of James C. Skinner, of Evanston, Illinois; David, deceased; Lawton, 
 of Mansfield; Frances, wife of L. H. Eobbins, of Mansfield; Edwin, deceased; 
 Eunice, wife of Horace Case, of Coldwater, Michigan; Elliott, a resident of Cali- 
 fornia; Lucy, and John, the last deceased. When the subject of this sketch was three 
 years old his parents removed to Oneida county, New York. There he grew to 
 manhood, attending school until he was fourteen years old, and later learning the 
 carpenter's trade. His mother died in 1840, and his father subsequently married 
 Lurana Hoard, removed to Coldwater, Michigan, and there passed the remaining 
 years of his life. In 1850 Mr. Cummings came to Mansfield, Tioga county, where 
 he worked at his trade a few years. In 1853 he embarked in merchandising, as a 
 member of the firin of Hoard, Beach & Cummings, in which he continued several 
 years. He was among the earliest subscribers to the Mansfield Classical Seminary 
 fund, and was employed as a foreman in the erection of the first building. He 
 was actively engaged as a carpenter and builder up to 1887, when he and his son, 
 John L., opened a bakery and confectionery, under the firm name of J. L. Cum- 
 mings & Company, which has proven a prosperous venture. On December 13, 1853, 
 Mr. Cummings married Polly Hunt, a daughter of Samuel Hunt, of Mansfield, to 
 which union have been bom three children, viz: Nettie S., John L. and Ida Belle. 
 In politics, he is a Democrat, and in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 John L. Cummings, son of Lawton Cummings, was bom in Mansfield, Tioga 
 coimty, August 3, 1863, and was educated in the State Normal School and the Allen 
 Business College. In 1887 he formed a partnership with his father, under the firm 
 name of J. L. Cummings & Company, and established their present baiery and 
 confectionery business. On August 16, 1894, he was appointed postmaster of Mans- 
 field, by President Cleveland, and still holds the oflaee. In politics, Mr. Cummings 
 is a stanch Democrat, has served as a delegate to county conventions, and is recog- 
 nized as one of the local leaders in his party. He makes a popular and efficient post- 
 master, and has discharged the duties of the office to the satisfaction of its patrons, 
 irrespective of party. In religion, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 EoswELL BaIley was bom in Vermont, December 35, 1783, came to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, about the year 1803, and located in Tioga township. In 1810 
 he removed to the Dartt settlement, in Charleston township, where he cleared and 
 improved a farm," and died October 34, 1840. In 1805 Mr. Bailey married Lucinda 
 Clark, of which union six children grew to maturity, named as follows: Clark W., 
 Eobert B., Eoswell W., Mary A., Benjamin M. and Justus B. Mrs. Bailey died in 
 the early twenties, and in 1833 he married Julia A. Eockwell, who became the mother 
 
1066 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of six children, viz: John W., Eockwell S., George W., Julia A., Ellen M. and Caro- 
 line. 
 
 Claek W. Bailey was born in Tioga township, Tioga county, January 12, 
 1806, and was the eldest son of Eoswell and Lucinda Bailey. He grew up amidst 
 pioneer surroundings, and attended school in the old-fashioned log school house 
 of early days. When twenty-one years of age he purchased a farm near Whitney's 
 Corners, Charleston township, and later formed a partnership with E. G. White, 
 erected a large steam saw-mill, and engaged in the lumber business on an exten- 
 sive scale. In 1857 he removed to Mansfield, where he purchased a grist-mill, and 
 the following year built a water-power saw-mill, both of which he operated until 
 1866, when he sold out to his sons, Thomas H. and Justus W. - He also owned and 
 operated a foundry in Mansiield, and was one of its most prominent business men 
 for many years. He was instrumental in establishing the Mansfield Seminary, was 
 a liberal supporter of all public enterprises, and an earnest member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. On May 13, 1827, Mr. Bailey married Vesta Judd, of Bingham- 
 ton, New York, to which union were bom ten children, as follows: Sarah L., Eoswell 
 G., Julius M., Wesley V., Thomas H., Emily J., Julia A., Justus W., Clarissa V. 
 and Clark B. Mr. Bailey died at the home of his son, Julius M., December 22, 1881. 
 His widow survived until October 2, 1882, dying at the age of seventy-four years. 
 
 Thomas H. Bailey was bom in Charleston township, Tioga county, Decem- 
 ber 1, 1839, and is the fourth son of Clark W. Bailey. He was reared on the home- 
 stead farm, obtained a common school education, and after attaining manhood he 
 purchased a grist-mill from his father, which he operated until 1889. In 1866 he 
 and his brother, Justus W., bought their father's saw-mill, and a few years later 
 they also bought the foundry at Mansfield. A short time afterwards, Thomas H. 
 purchased his brother's interest in both industries, but the mills were swept away 
 by the flood of June, 1889, entailing upon Mr. Bailey a heavy loss. He purchased 
 several large tracts of timber lands at different periods, some of which he still re- 
 tains. Mr. Bailey was married September 30, 1868, to Josephine Hillier, a daugh- 
 ter of John Hillier, of Larry's Creek, Lycoming county, and has two children, 
 Sarah V. and Harry W. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and Mr. Bailey is connected with the F. & A. M. and the I. 0. 0. P. societies. In 
 polities, he has been a life-long Eepiibliean, and one of the local leaders in his party. 
 He was burgess of Mansfield for several years; a member of the council for nine 
 years, and a member of the school board for six years. For eighteen years he was one 
 of the trustees of the State Normal School at Mansfield, in which institution he 
 has always taken a deep interest. In the autumn of 1890 he was elected a county 
 commissioner, and moved his family to Wellsboro the following spring. He was 
 re-elected in the fall of 1893, and served until the close of 1896. He then purchased 
 the Hotel Allen, in Mansfield, and took charge of that house in April, 1897, of 
 which he is now proprietor. 
 
 EoBEKT B. Bailey, second son of Eoswell and Lucinda (Clark) Bailey, was 
 bom January 28, 1808, in Tioga county. He was reared to manhood in Charleston 
 township. After his marriage he purchased a farm of 300 acres in Eichmond town- 
 ship, where he passed the remaining years of his life, and died October 17, 1884. Mr. 
 Bailey was married three times. His first wife, to whom he was married February 20, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1067 
 
 1834, was Lucy Holden, a daughter of Daniel Holden, an early settler in Mansfield. 
 To this union were born the following named children: Lydia, wife of George Hol- 
 lands, of Homerville, New York; Justus M., deceased; Mary Augusta, wife of 
 George Baker, of Eutland; Charlotte Lucy and Koswell Burr, of Mansfield; Dallaa 
 N., deceased, and Eliza May, wife of Alexander Gaylord, of Blossburg. Mrs. Bailey 
 was born December 31, 1813, and died July 13, 1847. Mr. Bailey's second wife was 
 Sophia Lewis. By this marriage there was no issue. For his third wife he married 
 Julia Hagar, born May 2, 1830, a daughter of Isaac and Sallie Hagar, of Sullivan 
 township. She bore him seven children, viz: Myron F., of Wellsboro; Kobert Wil- 
 son, deceased; Elton L., of Mansfield; Wallace J., of Wellsboro; Carl E., of Blkland; 
 Frank W., of Wellsboro, and Fred. D., of Mansfield. After Mr. Bailey's death his 
 widow removed to Mansfield, where she still resides. He was a Eepublican in poli- 
 tics, and had served as collector of Richmond township.. 
 
 John C. Howe was bom in Stafford, Connecticut, January 15, 1817, a son of 
 John and Mary (Davison) Howe. On his mother's side, he is descended from the 
 Cotton family, whose ancestor. Sir John Cotton, landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
 in 1633. His grandfathers, James Howe and Daniel Davison, served in the Eevo~ 
 lution, the latter under Gen. Israel Putnam, and his great-grandfather, Daniel 
 Davison, Sr., was in the French and Indian War. Three uncles. Col. Zepheniah 
 Williams, Corp. Silas Howe, and Joel Davison, served in the War of 1812; while his 
 brother, Frederick Howe, and three nephews, Samuel Burdiek (who died at Ander- 
 sonvUle), Dwight and Wesley Keigwin, the last of whom was a prisoner in Libby, 
 all served in the Rebellion. The subject of this sketch lived in Connecticut until 
 twenty-one years of age, and then came to Greenfield township, Lackawanna county, 
 whence he removed to Mansfield in April, 1859. On January 39, 1843, he married 
 Lodemia Smith, a native of Greenville, New York, born June 33, 1833. She became 
 the mother of six children, viz: Martha, wife of Horry B. Shaw, of Mansfield; 
 Elvira, deceased wife of William Gerald; John Frank and Hezekiah W., of Mans- 
 field; Emma, a resident of Lincoln, Nebraska, and Eunice, wife of J. M. D. Powers, 
 of Richmond township. Mrs. Howe died March 15, 1873, and April 15, 1874, he 
 married Elizabeth Van Deusen. She was bom at Palatine Bridge, New York, April 
 22, 1839, and is the mother of one son. Van V., a graduate of the State Normal 
 School. On November 15, 1861, Mr. Howe enlisted in Company B, One Hundred 
 and First Pennsylvania Volunteers. He received a gunshot wound in the right hand 
 at the battle of Fair Oaks. He also served in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, 
 Kingston, White Hall and Goldsboro, and was honorably discharged on April 1, 
 1863. Mr. Howe assisted in establishing the Mansfield Classical Seminary, and was 
 a member of the board of trustees for thirty-four yeaxs. He was a member of the 
 building committtee, and advanced a large sum of money to aid in the construction 
 of the buildings, which liberal act came near wrecking him financially. Originally a 
 Whig, he has been a Republican since the organization of that party. He has served 
 as a school director and one term as justice of the peace of Richmond township. He 
 is connected with Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. R., and is a member of the Presbjrter- 
 ian church. Mrs. Howe's great-grandfather, Gensman, served in the French and 
 Indian War, while her grandfather, Proudy Van Deusen, served under General Put- 
 nam in the Revolution. Her father had two brothers in the War of 1813, and three 
 
1068 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 of her brothers served in the Eebellion. She is a charter member of and an active 
 worker in Mansfield Post, No. 6, W. K. C. Her brother, Dr. George H. Van Deusen, 
 was a surgeon in the United States navy, and witnessed the memorable conflict 
 between the Monitor and Merrimac, while on board the man-of-wax Sachem, and her 
 brother, Gerrett, was a surgeon's steward in the fleet. 
 
 Eev. William DbWitt Taylok was bom in Yates county, New York, Sep- 
 tember 24, 1831, and was educated in Franklin Academy, Prattsburg, New York, 
 from which institution he graduated in the classical course in 1859. He taught 
 school successfully for several years and graduated at TJnion College, Schenectady, 
 New York. He entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, as a 
 member of the Genesee Conference. In 1863 and 1864 he was principal of the 
 Mansfield Classical Seminary. After the school passed under the control of the 
 State, he resigned and resumed his ministerial work, continuing in the active duties 
 thereof until 1886, filling in the meantime a number of important appointments. 
 For a few years after retiring from the ministry, he was engaged in the insurance 
 business in Binghamton, New York. In 1888 he purchased a farm of 190 acres, 
 near Canoe Camp, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he resided until his death, 
 January 16, 1892. Mr. Taylor was twice married. His first wife, Hattie Hayes, was 
 a daughter of Dr. Hayes, of Prattsburg, New York, and bore him one son, who died 
 in 1888, at the age of twenty-five years. Mrs. Taylor died in Binghamton, New 
 York. On January 3, 1888, he married Mrs. Amy (Davis) Cottrell, a daughter of 
 Capt. Ezra and Betsey (Walker) Davis. She was born in Mansfield, Tioga county, 
 and at the time of her marriage to Mr. Taylor was the widow of Charles S. Cottrell, 
 of McComb, Illinois, whom she married on September 17, 1873. Mr. Cottrell 
 died December 4, 1876. He was a prominent business man of McComb, a director 
 in the McComb bank and a leading and influential citizen. He left two children, 
 Charles S. and Clara D. Mrs. Taylor was married to Joseph Schusler, of Mansfield, 
 March 4, 1897. 
 
 Charles Sullings Kingsley was bom in Pittsford, Vermont, June 13, 1844, 
 a son of Ealph E. and Sarah (Sullings) Kingsley, both natives of Vermont and 
 descendants of prominent New England families. His father was bom Jmie 9, 1810, 
 and his mother in 1815. In 1847 the family came to Troy, Bradford county, 
 Pennsylvania, where Mr. Kingsley engaged in the tannery business as a member of 
 the firm of Bowen & Kingsley, with which he was connected ten years. In 1865 he 
 came to Mansfield, Tioga county, where he purchased an interest in the John W. 
 Kohn tannery. Three years later he bought out his partner, and was connected 
 with the business up to his death, December 26, 1893. His widow is yet living, at 
 the ripe age of eighty-one years. They were the parents of three children, viz: 
 Francis E., Charles S. and Flora, all residents of Mansfield. The subject of this sketch 
 was educated in the common schools and at the Collegiate Institute, in Towanda, 
 Pennsylvania. February 25, 1864, he enlisted in the Third Pennsylvania Artillery, 
 and was honorably discharged from the service at Philadelphia, November 9, 1865. 
 Most of the time he was stationed at Fortress Monroe, and the last nine months of 
 his term he was a clerk in the adjutant's office. Eeturning to Mansfield he en- 
 gaged in the tannery business with his father, the firm being E. E. Kingsley & Son 
 until the fall of 1868, when it was changed to C. S. Kingsley, its present title. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1069 
 
 On September 13, 18T2, Mr. Kingsley married Jenjaie Linn Bailey, a daughter of 
 Benjamin and Clarissa (Johnson) Bailey, and has three children, viz: Harry B., 
 Ealph E. and Kate S. In polities, Mr. Kingsley is a Eepublican, and has filled 
 the offices of burgess, councilman, school director and treasurer of the school board. 
 He is a member of General Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. E., and is one of the well- 
 known, enterprising citizens of Mansfield. 
 
 Levi Elliott was a native of Penobscot, Maine, born in 1791. He was a son of 
 Nathaniel and Nancy (Armstrong) Elliott, who came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1808. They located near Covington, and later removed to Cherry Flats, where 
 they passed the remainder of their lives. In 1813 the subject of this sketch married 
 Amy Gillett, also bom in 1791, a daughter of Aaron Gillett, who came from Con- 
 necticut to Tioga county in 1798, and settled at Canoe Camp, removing in 1813 to 
 Cherry Flats. Mr. Elliott was a farmer, and lived in Covington until 1833, when 
 he moved into Charleston township, where he resided until his death, December 
 5, 1866, aged seventy-five years; his wife died in 1883, aged ninety-two years. 
 They were the parents of seven children, of whom but two are living, viz: Horace 
 J., and Nathaniel A., the former a resident of Westfield, and the latter of Mans- 
 field, Tioga county. 
 
 Nathaniel A. Elliott was bom in Covington township, Tioga county, Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1817, a son of Levi Elliott. He was reared on a farm, and received such an 
 education as the pioneer country schools afforded. On attaining his, majority, 
 he purchased a farm of fifty acres at Cherry Flats, to which he added from time 
 to time until he owned 400 acres. In 1866 he located in Mansfield, which has since 
 been his place of residence. Mr. Elliott was married September 10, 1838, to Anna 
 Myra Hart, a daughter of Ludwig Hart. The only child of this union, Mortimer 
 F., a prominent lawyer, is now the attorney of the Standard Oil Company at Oil 
 City, though Wellsboro is his place of residence. Mrs. Elliott died April 3, 1843, 
 and October 10, 1844, he married Charlotte E. Harkness, a daughter of Joel and 
 Ehnina Harkness. Five children were bom to this marriage, viz: Francis and Ed- 
 ward A., both deceased; George Frederick, a physician of Mansfield; Fannie E., 
 wjfe of T. 0. Whitnall, of Syracuse, New York, and Henry A., deceased. In pol- 
 itics, Mr. Elliott is an unwavering Democrat, and for many years has been prominent 
 in the local councils of his party. He served in the state legislature in 1848-49; 
 was county commissioner from 1876 to 1883, and has also filled the offices of justice 
 of the peace, assessor of the borough and school director. President Cleveland 
 appointed him postmaster of Mansfield in 1886, and he held the office until 1890. 
 In religion, he is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is also connected with 
 Friendship Lodge, No. 347, F. & A. M. Colonel Elliott is one of the oldest living 
 citizens born in Tioga county, as well as one of the best informed concerning its 
 history. His long life has been earnest, useful and unblemished, and the respect 
 and esteem which he enjoys is a well-deserved tribute to his character. * 
 
 James Hoaed, son of Enos Hoard, was bom March 17, 1810, in Stockbridge, 
 New York, there grew to maturity, and January 1, 1840, married A-lmira Bobbins, 
 who was bom in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, November 1, 1809. In the fall of 
 1849 the family came to Eichmond township, Tioga county, and settled five miles 
 west of Mansfield, where Mr. Hoard was engaged in farming until 1874. In that 
 
1070 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 year he removed to Mansfield, and died on May 2, 1878. His wife died July 20 
 1890. They were the parents of the following children: Fannie Gertrude, wife of 
 Wesley Bailey, of Eichmond township; Sarah J., and James Perry, both deceased, 
 and Joseph Seth, of Mansfield. In polities, Mr. Hoard was a RepubUcan, and in 
 religion, a member of the Presbyterian church. He was an earnest, sincere man 
 whose upright life won him the respect of all who knew him. 
 
 Joseph Seth Hoaed was bom in Richmond township, Tioga county, Novem- 
 ber 7, 1852, and is the youngest child of James and Almira Hoard. He was reared 
 on a farm, attended the common schools of his distriftt in boyhood, and graduated 
 from the State Normal School, at Mansfield, in 1871. After his graduation he 
 taught one year, and then took a course in Eastman's Business College, Pough- 
 keepsie. New York. On November 1, 1872, he entered the banking house of Ross 
 & Williams, of Mansfield, as a book-keeper, and remained iu that institution up to 
 1885, during which period he also had charge of the insurance business carried 
 on in connection with the bank. Upon leaving the bank he established the well- 
 known insurance agency with which his name has since been connected. Mr. 
 Hoard was married June 10, 1875, to Sarah Margaret Elliott, a daughter of Orson V. 
 and Celia (Kelley) Elliott, of Mansfield, who has borne him three children, viz: 
 Harry Reed, Nellie Margaret and Donald Victor. In religion, Mr. Hoard is a 
 member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, an adherent of the Repubhcan 
 party. He is a trustee of the State Normal School, and has been secretary and as- 
 sistant secretary of Smythe Park Association for several years. He takes a deep ia- 
 terest in the cause of education, as well as in everything that assists in the moral 
 advancement of the community. 
 
 Maectjs S. French, proprietor of the Hotel French, of Mansfield, was born in 
 Corning, New York, August 7, 1847. His parents, Luther and Clara (Shepard) 
 French, natives of Otsego county. New York, reared five children, as follows: George 
 E., a resident of Centre county, Pennsylvania; Adeline, wife of Charles White, of 
 Caton, New York; Julia, wife of Henry Wescott, of Lindley, New York; Frances, 
 wife of Alvin K. Linderman, of Troy, Pennsylvania, and Marcus S. In 1854 Mr. 
 French went to California, where he remained eighteen years, engaged in mining 
 and cattle dealing. He then returned to Steuben county. New York, where he died 
 in June, 1891, aged eighty-nine years, and his wife, in September, 1893, aged eighty- 
 seven years. They were the oldest persons in Caton at the time of their death. The 
 subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, later learned the mason's trade, and 
 became a contractor and builder. In 1875 he came to Mansfield, where he followed 
 contracting and building up to April, 1891, when he took charge of the Hotel Allen. 
 During that period he erected the several brick blocks which formed the business 
 part of Mansfield, the graded school building, and did the masonry work on Alumni 
 Hall, of the State Normal School. He also erected buildings in other parts of the 
 county, all of which attest the faithful performance of his contracts. His suc- 
 cessful management of the Hotel Allen made him a popular landlord, and brought 
 him the liberal patronage and good will of the traveling public. He conducted this 
 house until the spring of 1897, when he opened the Hotel French in the same bor- 
 ough. Mr. French was married on December 25, 1871, to Henrietta Nares, daugh- 
 ter of James and Caroline (Lindon) Nares, who has borne him five children, viz: 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1071 
 
 George, deceased; Catherine E., wife of John H. Causer, of Elmira; Stella, de- 
 ceased; Mahel, and Mark J. In politics, Mr. French is a Democrat, and has served 
 several terms as school director. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 347, F. 
 & A. M., and the family are adherents of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Nathaniel Peaseley Moody was bom in Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1760. 
 His great-grandfather, "William Moody, came from Scotland in 1632. At sixteen 
 years of age Nathaniel P. entered the Continental army and served through the Eevo- 
 lution, at the close of which he took up his residence in Great Harrington, Massa- 
 chusetts, where he met and married Susan Griffin. He was a graduate of Yale 
 College, in which institution he completed his studies after leaving the army. In 
 1795 he came to Wysox, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, whence he removed to 
 Osceola, Tioga county, where he died in 1833, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 Moses Moody was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, October 5, 1790, 
 a son of Nathaniel Peaseley Moody, and was five years old when his parents settled 
 in Bradford county, Pennsylvania. He married Phoebe Allen, who became the 
 mother of twelve children, six of whom are living, as follows: John A., of Mans- 
 field; N. N., a merchant and postmaster of Asylum, Bradford county; H. M., 
 a physician of Smithfield; William W., of Litchfield, Bradford county; Elizabeth, 
 wife of Albert Lent, of Wysox, Bradford county, and Amanda, widow of William 
 Barnes, of Ithaca, New York. Mr. Moody died in October, 1873, and his wife, 
 January 1, 1876. 
 
 John A. Moody, oldest living child of Moses Moody, was bom in Wysox, 
 Bradford county, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1818. When he was twelve years old 
 his parents removed to Eome, in the same county, where he grew to manhood. He 
 followed famiing there until 1876, when he went to Canton and engaged in mer- 
 chandising, also in the insurance business, both of which he followed until 1884, 
 when he removed to Mansfield, Tioga county, and has since devoted his entire 
 attention to the latter. Mr. Moody was married January 3, 1841, to Harriet E., 
 a daughter of John and Jemima Dickerson, who bore him three children, viz: Ben- 
 jamin, a physician of Mansfield; Tillie, wife of G. W. Mills, of Lordsburg, California, 
 and Lewis, a resident of Canton, Bradford county. Mrs. Moody died October 16, 
 1874, and he married for his second wife Jeannette (Lewis) Moody, widow of his 
 cousin, Horace P. Moody. In politics, Mr. Moody is a Republican, and was elected a 
 justice of the peace in 1892, which position he now occupies. In religion, he is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Benjamin Moody, M. D., eldest son of John A. and Harriet Moody, was bom 
 in Frenchtown, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1841, and there 
 received his primary education. During the Eebellion he served in Company C, 
 Thirty-seventh Pennsylvania Emergency Men, and also in Company F, Eighth 
 New York Heavy Artillery. In 1865 he began the study of medicine under Dr. 
 T. F. Madill, of Wysox, Bradford county. He graduated from Geneva Medical 
 College, at Geneva, New York, in 1868, and from Jefferson Medical College, Phila- 
 delphia, in 1869, in which year he commenced practice with his preceptor, at 
 Wysox. From 1870 to 1875 he practiced in Wyalusing, Bradford county, removing 
 in the latter year to Eoseville, Tioga county, and in 1877 to Mansfield, where he 
 has since built up a lucrative practice. Dr. Moody was married September 28, 
 
1072 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1871, to Adelia Lyon, a daughter of Stephen and Margaret Lyon, of Spring Hill, 
 Bradford county. Four children have been bom to this marriage, viz: Eva Grace, 
 Hattie Blanche and Maggie Leone, all deceased, and Dora H. In politics. Dr. Moody 
 is a Eepubliean, and has filled the office of school director several years. In re- 
 ligion, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has been 
 steward for a number of years. He is also connected with Mansfield Post, No. 48, 
 Gr. A. K., of which he was commander in 1883 and 1896. Dr. Moody not only bears 
 the reputation of being a skillful and successful physician, but is regarded as one of 
 the leading citizens of Mansfield. 
 
 W. W. Bentlet, third son of Bethuel Bentley, was bom in Eutland township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, December 1, 1827. His grandfather, Major Bentley, 
 came from Chemung county, New York, and settled on the Tioga river, near 
 Mitchell's Creek, in April, 1806. The subject of this sketch was reared in his 
 native township, and became a farmer and well-known bridge builder. He married 
 Sarah Searls, a daughter of John Searls, and a native of Tompkins (now Schuyler) 
 county. New York, who bore him the following children: E. N., of Mansfield; Helen, 
 wife of E. M. Cass, of the same borough; Mary, wife of John H. Luckey, of Troy, 
 Bradford county; G. W., a resident of Mansfield, and Susan, wife of E. E. Long- 
 bothum, of the same place. In politics, Mr. Bentley is a Eepubliean, and has 
 served as a member of the borough council of Mansfield, where he has lived since 
 1877. In religion, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. A man 
 of great energy and industry, he has been largely interested in real estate and build- 
 ing enterprises in other places, in addition to his bridge building operations. 
 
 E. N. Bentley, oldest son of W. W. Bentley, was bom in Eutland township, 
 Tioga county, March 1, 1850, and obtained a common school education. In early 
 manhood he became an iron-worker, and in 1875 entered the employ of the Athens 
 Bridge Company, for whom he traveled two years. He next had charge of the 
 erection gang for two years, and then entered the service of the Keystone Bridge 
 Company. While in their employ as foreman, he built the bridge on the Mis- 
 sissippi river at Keokuk, Iowa. He afterward worked for Dean & Westbrook, of 
 New York City, and also for the Groton, New York, company, and for the Elmira 
 Bridge Company. In 1892 he commenced business for himself, as a bridge builder 
 and contractor, and the same year built the highway bridge across the Susquehanna 
 river, at Jersey Shore, Lycoming county. Since arriving at manhood he has built 
 thirty-six highway and several railroad bridges in Tioga county. On May 15, 1872, 
 Mr. Bentley married Lois Booth, a daughter of Erastus Booth, of Troy, Bradford 
 county, who bore him one daughter, Louisa, wife of A. M. Armour, of Morrisville, 
 New York, a nephew of Philip Armour, the great pork-packer of Chicago. Mrs. 
 Bentley died in January, 1880, and December 17, 1885, he married Elsie Odell. 
 In politics, Mr. Bentley is a Eepubliean. He devotes his whole attention and 
 energy to bridge building, and is one of the most successful contractors and builders 
 in that line in northern Pennsylvania. 
 
 D. C. BuENHAM, son of Halsey and Anna (Knickerbocker) Bumham, was 
 born August 3, 1859, in Granville, Bradford county, Pennsylvania. His father 
 was a native of Vermont, and his mother of Chemung county. New York. They 
 located in Bradford county in the early forties, where his father followed the pro- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1073 
 
 fession of civil engineer. He died NoYember 19, 1864, and his wife, April 7, 1891. 
 They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Burnham was 
 connected with the Masonic order. The subject of this sketch was their onl^ child, 
 and was reared in his native county. He obtained a good common school education, 
 and in 1877 came to Mansfield, Tioga county, where he found employment as a 
 clerk in Dr. C. V. Elliott's drug store. He remained in that position until 1890, 
 and then embarked in business for himself, and has since carried on a drug, book 
 and stationery store in Mansfield, and enjoys a good trade. On April 15, 1891, Mr. 
 Burnham married Addie E. Curtis, a daughter of Charles and Hannah Curtis, of 
 Norwich, New York. In politics, Mr. Burnham is a Eepublican, and in religion, 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is also connected with Mans- 
 field Lodge, No. 536, 1. 0. 0. F. Though one of the younger business men of Mans- 
 field, Mr. Burnham enjoys the confidence and esteem of the people, and is recognized 
 as a good business man and an enterprising citizen. 
 
 Joseph Hxtsted was bom in South port. New York, December 17, 1820, a son 
 of James and Catherine (Miller) Husted. His father was born in Burlington, Ver- 
 mont, August 3, 1782, and settled at Southport at an early day. In 1838 he came 
 to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on a farm in Covington, where 
 he resided for a number of years. He afterward moved to Mansfield, where he died 
 November 15, 1865. Joseph grew to manhood in Covington, and, August 24, 
 1843, married Juliet E., a daughter of Everett "Winter and Lydia (Walker) Bloss, 
 of Covington, who was bom at Blossburg, Pennsylvania, on May 24, 1826. Her 
 father was the oldest child of Aaron Bloss, a native of Killingby, Connecticut, bom 
 May 29, 1775, who settled in Chenango county. New York, whence he removed to 
 Covington, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1801, and in 1802 located on the site 
 of Blossburg, then a wilderness, which place was named in his honor. Upon his 
 land was found bituminous coal, the first mine being opened by Mr. Bloss. He 
 died at Covington, March 24, 1843. His son, Everett "Winter Bloss, was bom in 
 Chenango county, New York, September 20, 1800, was reared in Blossburg, and 
 removed to Covington in early manhood, where he resided until his death, Septem- 
 ber 29, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Husted are the parents of four children, viz: Cordelia 
 L., deceased wife of David S. Ireland; Wilmot D., of Mansfield; Lyman S., a resi- 
 dent of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and Lelia I., wife of Burt Coe, of Covington. 
 The parents are residents of Covington, and among the oldest citizens of that 
 borough. 
 
 Wilmot D. Hfsted was bom in Covington, Tioga county, April 15, 1856. and 
 is the eldest son of Joseph Husted. He was educated in the public schools and the 
 State Normal School, at Mansfield, and at the age of fifteen entered the employ 
 of the Covington Glass Company, where he acted as office boy one year. He then 
 became a clerk in the general store of Edwin Dyer, but in 1874 again entered the 
 ofiiee of the Covington Glass Company. After attending the State Normal School 
 until a member of the senior class, he taught school in the factory district of Cov- 
 ington. He next worked a few months for the Tioga Eailroad Company, and 
 then became a book-keeper for the Covington Glass Works, and a few months later 
 manager for that concern. In 1878 he came to Mansfield and entered the bank 
 of Boss & Williams, as book-keeper, which position he filled with slight interruption 
 
3^074 HISTOST OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 until 1887, when he was promoted to head book-keeper, a position he still occupies. 
 Mr. Husted was married January 20, 1876, to Kate Johnson, of Covington, Penn- 
 sylvania. Five children have been born to them, viz: Kay, Hajry Lee, deceased; 
 Marcus F., Leah Margaret and Genavene Louise. In politics, Mr. Husted is a 
 Eepublican, and has served one term as burgess of Mansfield and two terms as a 
 member of the school board. He is a member of Friendship Lodge, No. 347, F. & 
 A. M., and a charter member of the Mansfield Hook and Ladder Company. He is 
 secretary of the board of trade, and has always taken an active interest in promoting 
 the general welfare of the borough. 
 
 John Habmanus Yeddeh, son of TJri and Agnes Ellen Grieves (Joyce) Ted- 
 der, was bom in ITiskayuna, New York, September 2, 1830, the sixth in the line 
 of descent from Harmon Albertse Vedder, a native of Holland, who was a trader 
 at Beverwyck, New York, prior to 1657, and later settled at Schenectady. In 1663, 
 when Schenectady was first laid out, he became one of its landed proprietors. The 
 line of descent runs as follows: Harmon Albertse; Albert, born May 10, 1671; 
 Harmanus, bom September 3, 1704; Johannes, bom September 9, 1750; Uri, 
 bom April 13, 1808, and John Harmanus. Albert was captured by the French 
 and Indians at the buming of Schenectady in 1690, but returned to his home in 
 safety. The subject of this sketch was married at Duanesburgh, New York, October 
 3, 1853, to Catherine Elizabeth McFarlan, to^ which union were bom three children, 
 viz: Darey Alexander, bom July 36, 1854, and died March 9, 1855; Wentworth 
 Darcy, of Mansfield, and Mary Isabella, a resident of Troy, New York. A few 
 years after his marriage Mr. Vedder removed to Oxford, Wisconsin, where he lived 
 about one year. About 1859 he returned to New York state and took up his resi- 
 dence in Schenectady, where he died June 3, 1877. His wife died in the same place, 
 July 19, 1861. 
 
 Wentwoeth D. Veddee, M. D., was born in Oxford, Wisconsin, April 7, 1858, 
 and is the only living son of John H. and Catherine E. Vedder. When he was about 
 a year old his parents removed to Schenectady. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Union College, attending the latter institution from 1875 to 1877. 
 At the death of his father he entered the office of Dr. Livingston EUwood, of 
 Schenectady, and subsequently took a course at the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, Baltimore, Maryland, graduating in March, 1880, Prof. Oscar J. Coskery being 
 his preceptor. He began the practice of medicine at Troupsburg, New York, the 
 same year, whence he removed to Mansfield three months later, where he has since 
 continued in the active duties of his professsion. Dr. Vedder has recently taken 
 a post-gi'aduate course in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hos- 
 pital; is a diligent student; keeps well abreast of the progress in medical and surgical 
 science, and is recognized as a successful and skillful physician and surgeon. On 
 January 6, 1885, he married Kate Baldwin, a daughter of Dr. Aaron and Fannie 
 Baldwin, of Washington, D. C, who died April 36, following. On September 13, 
 1894, he married Cora Mahala Strait, a daughter of M. Sanford and Ehoda F. 
 Strait, of Lawrence township, to which union has been bom one son, Sanford 
 Elihu, August 19, 1895. In politics. Dr. Vedder is a Eepublican, and in religion, 
 a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is one of the most advanced 
 Masons in this section of the State, being Past Master of Friendship Lodge, No. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKBTCHES. 1075 
 
 247, of Mansfield; Past High Priest of Westfield Chapter, No. 265, of Westfield; 
 Eminent Commander of Tyagaghton Commandery, No. 28, of Wellsboro; a mem- 
 ber of Caldwell Consistory, of Bloomsburg, and of Rajah Temple, A. A. 0. N. M. S., 
 of Reading. He is also Past Noble Grand of Mansfield LK)dge, No. 536, 1. 0. 0. F., 
 and Past Chief Patriarch of Sylvania Encampment. Dr. Vedder is an ex-president 
 of the old Tioga County Medical Society, as well as of the present medical society. 
 He is a member of the Elmira Academy of Medicine, and also of the Pennsylvania 
 State Medical Society. He has been a member of the pension board of Tioga county, 
 appointed in 1888, and is one of the present consulting surgeons of the Cottage 
 State Hospital, at Blossburg. Dr. Vedder is a member of the Holland Society of 
 New York City, and is the owner of a Holland Dutch Bible that has been in the 
 Vedder family since 1681. The Doctor is actively interested in the cause of edu- 
 cation and is a member of the board of trustees of the State Normal School at Mans- 
 field. 
 
 Cephas Bailey was born in Andover, Vermont, May 16, 1806, there grew 
 to manhood and married Caroline M. Wright, a native of South Londonderry, 
 Vermont, who became the mother of the following children: Romanzo C, a resi- 
 dent of Elmira; Harrison C, of Mansfield; Victoria C, wife of Oseaj Simonds, of 
 Middlebury; Joseph 0. W., deceased; Nancy A., wife of Horace L. Stevens, and 
 two that died in early youth. They had also an adopted son, Henry C, now de- 
 ceased. Romanzo C. served in Company F, Sixth Massachusetts Volunteers, whose 
 march through Baltimore was one of the memorable events of the first month of the 
 Rebellion. He also served as first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers; as captain of Company A, Eighth United States Colored 
 Troops, and as first lieutenant of Company E, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Militia. 
 The subject of this sketch was a farmer and came to Middlebury township, Tioga 
 county, in 1856. After retiring from active work, he made his home with his son, 
 Haxrison C, in Mansfield, where he died December 23, 1884. His wife died August 
 1, 1878. 
 
 Haeeison C. Bailey was born ia Athens, Vermont, October 4, 1837, a son of 
 Cephas Bailey, and came with his parents to Middlebury township, Tioga county', 
 ia 1856. He obtained a common school education, and was reared on a farm. On 
 April 21, 1861, within a week of the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted in Company 
 G, First Pennsylvania Rifles, known as Bucktails. His regiment was assigned to 
 McCall's Division, of the Fifth Army Corps. ' On June 6, 1862, at the battle of 
 Harrisonburgh, West Virginia, he was wounded four times, one of which necessitated 
 the amputation of his left arm. Being thus incapacitated for further service, he 
 remained in the hospitals at Mt. Jackson and Winchester, Virginia, and Baltimore, 
 Maryland, until convalescent, and was honorably discharged at Harrisburg, July 
 21, 1862. Returning to Tioga county, he served as enrolling officer in Middlebury 
 in 1862 and 1863, and as second quartermaster of the Eighteenth Congressional dis- 
 trict, at Williamsport, in 1864-65. His grandfathers, Cyrus Bailey and Joseph 
 Wright, served in the War of 1812, and his great-grandfather, Sylvester Bailey, 
 served in the Revolution. Mr. Bailey was married October 19, 1863, to Minerva 
 L. Stoddard, a daughter of George G. and Louisa (Jackson) Stoddard. She was 
 bom in Swansea, Vermont, November 11, 1839, and is the mother of six children, 
 
1076 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 viz: Prank H., a civil engineer, Elmira, New York; Eula I., wife of Frank A. 
 Beach, of Elmira; May H., wife of L. A. Trowbridge, of Jackson township; Earl 
 C, Joseph 0. W. and Ealph J. Mr. Bailey is a stanch Eepublican, was treasurer 
 of Tioga county in 1868-69, and has also served as constable of Middlebnry town- 
 ship, and a& a member of the borough council of Mansiield, where he has lived since 
 1877. He is a member of Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. E., in which he has filled 
 the office of commander, while his wife is connected with Mansfield Corps, No. 
 6, W. E. C. 
 
 Isaac Steait was bom in Vermont, and came with his parents to Columbia 
 township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, about 1813, and there grew to maturity. 
 About 1830 he removed to Potter county, and became its first prothonotary. In 
 1841-42 he returned to Bradford county, where he resided until his death, in 1874. 
 Mr. Strait was twice married. His first wife was Maria Benson, a daughter of 
 Doctor Benson, who bore him the following children: Cornelia Sophia, wife of 
 Edmund Case, a resident of Bradford county; William B., who died in early man- 
 hood; George Prance, who died in Minnesota, in 1888; Charles L., and Edward E., 
 a resident of Topeka, Kansas. His second wife was Elizabeth Ayres, a daughter 
 of Abijah Ayres, who bore him four children, viz: Churchill B., deceased; Maria, 
 wife of Edward Eeddington, of Bradford county; Lois L., wife of Nelson Maynard, 
 a resident of the same county, and Mary, wife of William Bradford, who lives near 
 Sylvania. 
 
 Chaeles L. Steait, a son of Isaac and Maria Strait, was bom in Coudersport, 
 Potter county, September 30, 1835. When eighteen years of age he began clerking 
 in the store of A. D. Austin, of Austinville, Bradford county. In 1859 he came 
 to Eoseville, Tioga county, where he carried on a general store for about twenty 
 years. Coming to Mansfield in 1879, he became a member of the hardware firm 
 of Strait & Kohler, with which he was connected up to 1886, when he went to 
 Carter county, Tennessee, and engaged in lumbering, his family, however, remaining 
 in Mansfield. In 1890 he returned to Mansfield, where he has since lived. Al- 
 though not actively engaged in business, he is interested in the hardware store con- 
 ducted by his son, George L. Mr. Strait was married September 10, 1860, to 
 Cordelia M. Watkins, a daughter of W. B. Watkins, of Bradford county, who has 
 borne him four children, viz: George L., Thad B., Edith M., wife of Thomas D. 
 Farrer, of Boise City, Idaho, and Fred W. Mr. Strait is a member of the Universalist 
 church, and in politics, an adherent of the Eepublican party, his first presidential 
 vote being cast for Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 Geoege L. Steait, eldest son of Charles Ij. Strait, and grandson of Isaac Strait, 
 was born in Austinville, Bradford county, December 3, 1865. He obtained a com- 
 mon school education, and became familiar with the practical details of business 
 while clerking in his fathers store. On October 24, 1888, he mairied Anna E. 
 Westbrook, a daughter of J. H. Westbrook, and has two children, Walter C. and 
 Blanche. Mr. Strait is the head of the hardware and tinsmithing house of George 
 L. Strait, of Mansfield, and is noted for his energy and enterprise. In politics, a 
 Eepublican, he has served as a member of- the borough council. He is also connected 
 with Friendship Lodge, No. 247, P. & A. M. 
 
 Levi Hubbaed Shattuck was born at Fayston,- Vermont, September 1, 1816, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1077 
 
 a, son of Henry and Olive P. (Turner) Shattuek, natives of Massachusetts. He was 
 but two years old when his parents located in Massachusetts, where he received his 
 primary education in the common schools, later supplemented by terms at Deer- 
 field, Hopkins and Amherst Academies. In the meantime he taught school a part 
 of two years. In 1836 he removed to New Brunswick, New Jersey, and .three years 
 later to Plainfield, where he found employment as a locomotive fireman on the 
 Elizabethtown and Somerville railroad, now the New Jersey Central. Within three 
 months he becaxae an engineer on the same road, and later took the position of 
 station agent and contractor at Bound Brook, and followed the same business at 
 Somerville, spending two years in this line of work. For the succeeding nine years 
 he filled the position of conductor, three years on freight and six years on passenger 
 trains. On the completion of the road to Easton, in July, 1853, Mr. Shattuek was 
 appointed station agent at that place, which position he filled until November fol- 
 lowing, when he was tendered that of superintendent of the Corning, Blossburg and 
 Tioga railroad. He accepted the office and made his headquarters at Corning, New 
 York, for nearly fifteen years. In 1866 he removed to Blossburg, Tioga county, 
 where he continued acting as superintendent of the Tioga road. That part of the 
 road from Tioga Junction to Elmira was built under the management of Mr. Shat- 
 tuek, as was also the section extending from Amot to Hoytville, of which he was 
 president. On December 1, 1883, he resigned the superintendency of the Tioga 
 road for the purpose of recuperating his failing health, and retired to Mansfield in 
 October, 1884. In a letter announcing the resignation of Mr. Shattuek, J. C, 
 Guthrie, vice-president of the road, said: 
 
 For thirty-one years — with zeal, energy and honesty, through changes of ownership and 
 administration — Mr. Shattuek has faithfully served the interests of the company, and 
 in retiring hears with him its hest wishes for his health and prosperity. 
 
 On December 16, 1884, he- was again elected to his former position and resumed 
 the duties of superintendent, but finally gave up the office towards the .close of 
 1885. Eetiring to his home in Mansfield he resided there up to his death, November 
 1, 1888, aged seventy-two years. In 1841 Mr. Shattuek married Sarah L. Pack, 
 and reared a family of five children, all of whom are living, viz: Mrs. William F. 
 Fox, of Albany, New York; Mrs. Charles H. Verrill, of Franklin, New York; 
 Henry P., a resident of Buffalo; Mrs. Charles L. Shattuek, of Elmira, and Alfred 
 J., a lawyer of Wellsboro. Mr. Shattuek was originally a Presbyterian, but united 
 with the Baptist church after his marriage. He always took a prominent part in 
 church work, as teacher of an adult Bible class, and was a deacon in the Mansfield 
 church at the time of his death. He was a man of strong character, strict integrity, 
 and love of truth. Possessing excellent business methods, whatever his hands 
 found to do he did with all his energy, and his success in life was principally due to 
 his industry and faithfulness in the discharge of every duty. Upright and hon- 
 orable in all his dealings with the men under his charge, he merited and won the 
 confidence of the company and their employes. 
 
 Ebee VakKeueen, M. D., was born in Showangunk, Ulster county. New 
 York, January 35, 1831. He studied medicine and became a physician of the 
 regular school, and for over forty yeaxs practiced in Hammondsport, Bath, Coming 
 
1078 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 aoad Painted Post, ^ew York. On November 20, 1846, he married Sarah H. 
 Baker, a d^cendant of Samuel Baker, the first settler of Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania. She was bom in Pleasant Valley, New York, October 7, 1823, and be- 
 came the mother of three children, viz: Prank, who died in childhood; Nellie 
 B., wife of Samuel J. McCuUoch, an attorney of Kansas City, Missouri, and a son 
 of Eev. Samuel J. McCulloch, the first pastor of the Presbyterian church at Tioga, 
 and Frank B., editor of the Mansfield Advertiser. Dr. VanKeuren died in Com- 
 ing, New York, April 7, 1887, and his wife, December 3, 1886. 
 
 Fkank E. VanKeuren, son of Dr. Eber VanKeuren, was bom in Ham- 
 mondsport. New York, October 26, 1861. He received a common school education 
 and learned the printing trade in the ofiice of the Steuben Courier, Bath, New York, 
 where he worked four and a half years. He then found employment in the job 
 department of the Elmira Advertiser, Elmira, New York, and was afterwards fore- 
 man of the same office. Eetuming to Bath, he worked there for a time, and then 
 went to Wellsboro, Tioga county, where he had charge of the mechanical depart- 
 ment of the Advocate. In the spring of 1885 he came to Mansfield and purchased 
 the Advertiser from W. A. Kowland. In July following Sheridan E. Coles became 
 his partner, and the paper has since been published by VanKeuren & Coles. The 
 Advertiser is neutral in politics, and is devoted to the local interests of Mansfield 
 and the eastern portion of the county. It is ably edited, its local columns readable 
 and interesting, and it receives a liberal support. Mr. VanKeuren is well known 
 as a practical printer, and in the spring of 1896 he received the appointment as 
 instructor of the art of printing in the New York Trade School. On September 
 6, 1888, Mr. VanKeuren married Catherine E. VanNess, a daughter of P. V. and 
 Celia (Eeynolds) VanNess, to which union have been bom two children, Ealph 
 H. and Helen. In politics, Mr. VanKeuren is a Eepublicaa, and has served as 
 burgess of Mansfield. In religion, he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church, and is Past Master of Friendship Lodge, No. 247, F. & A. M. 
 
 Sheeidan E. Coles was bom in Elmira, New York, June 14, 1854, a son of 
 Samuel and Sarah J. (Ferry) Coles. His father is a native of England, and his 
 mother of Tioga county, Pennsylvania. They are the parents of six children, viz: 
 Stella, wife of L. L. Flower, of Lamb's Creek; Sheridan E., of Mansfield; Arthur 
 and Samuel, both of whom are in the marble business in St. Loids, Missouri; Mary, 
 wife of J. 0. Spelman, of Eochester, New York, and William, with Eogers, Peet 
 & Company, of New York. The subject of this sketch was two years old when his 
 parents removed from Elmira to Wellsboro, Tioga county, where they remained 
 until he was twelve years of age. He leamed the printing trade in the offices of 
 the Titusville Courier and Oil City Derrick, afterwards worked in Elmira, and for 
 a time in the state printing office, Topeka, Kansas. In December, 1882, he came 
 to Mansfield, and worked in the office of the Advertiser until July, 1885, when he 
 became a partner of Prank E. VanKeuren, under the firm name of VanKeuren 
 & Coles, who have since owned and published the paper. On March 23, 1881, Mr. 
 Coles married Nora A. Stacey, a daughter of Mrs. M. A. Stacey, of Leona, Bradford 
 county, who has home him four children, viz: Edwin S., Percy A., Inez M. and Lora 
 Aline. In politics, Mr. Coles is a Eepublican. He is a member of Friendship 
 Lodge, No. 247, F. & A. M., and of Mansfield Lodge, No. 526, 1. 0. 0. F. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1079 
 
 Joseph Schtjslek was born in Delmar township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 May 27, 1839, a son of Frederick and Sarah (Sofield) Schusler. His father was 
 a native of Germany and his mother of New Jersey. The former was bom August 
 1, 1801, came to America in 1819 and worked in a sugar house in New York City 
 for many years. He then removed to Beaver Dam, New York, where he farmed 
 until about the year 1836, when he came to Tioga county. Here he still continued 
 to follow agriculture. He died in Mansiield, February 11, 1890. His wife was 
 bom in 1804, and died April 14, 1893. By a former marriage, he was the father 
 of one son, Frederick, who now resides near Wellsboro. Six children were bom 
 of his second marriage, viz: Susan, Julia, Joseph, Sarah, Ella and Alice. The 
 subject of this sketch was reared in Tioga county, and in early manhood engaged 
 in railroading, first as fireman for two years and subsequently as engineer for six- 
 teen years on the Tioga railroad. He then settled on a farm in Kichmond town- 
 ship, where he lived ten years, when he traded it for property in Mansfield, which 
 has since been his home. Mr. Schusler also owns a farm of forty acres near that 
 borough. On March 4, 1897, he married Mrs. Amy D. Taylor, of Mansfield. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and has been a member of the borough council four 
 years. He is connected with the Masonic order, and in all the relations of life is 
 an exemplary citizen. 
 
 James Aegetsingee, a native of Montgomery county, New York, was bom 
 December 27, 1798. His wife, Catherine Winnie, a native of the same county, was 
 bom September 4, 1798, and became the mother of the following children: Hugh, 
 a resident of Mansfield; Philip, deceased, who was born November 25, 1824; Sarah 
 M., deceased, bom November 15, 1826; J. G., a resident of Mansfield, bom May 
 3, 1828; Hannah, bom May 16, 1831; Jane M., deceased, bom July 29, 1834, and 
 Frank W., bom October 18, 1836. Mr. Argetsinger came to Eutland township, 
 Tioga county, about 1838, where he passed the remainder of his life. He died 
 November 8, 1875, and his wife, September 19, 1883. 
 
 Hugh Aegetsingee was bom in Montgomery county. New York, January 6, 
 1823, and is the eldest child of James Argetsinger. He was about fifteen years 
 old when his parents located in Eutland township, Tioga county, where he grew 
 to manhood on the homestead farm. In March, 1862, he married Sarah Baker, 
 a daughter of Holland Baker, of Eutland township, who bore him one daughter, 
 Nora, deceased -wife of Frank Burdick. He married for his second wife, Blmina 
 Prutsman, who died in March, 1871. On January 14, 1873, he married Helen 
 Prutsman, to which union have been bom two children, Charles L. and Eoy J. 
 Mr. Argetsinger resided on his farm of 150 acres, near Eoseville, in Eutland town- 
 ship, up to the spring of 1881, when he removed to Eoseville, where he resided nine 
 years. He then became a resident of Mansfield for the purpose of educating his 
 children. In religion, he is a member of the Baptist church, and in politics, an 
 adherent of the Eepublican party. 
 
 Vabdis Shaw was bom in Plainfield, Massachusetts, in 1799, a son of Joshua 
 and Sarah (Hawes) Shaw, who came to Tioga county in 1811. They settled at 
 Lamb's Creek, where Vardis gi-ew to manhood. He married Eleanor Clark, a sister 
 of Justus B. Clark, and soon after moved into Sullivan township. He returned 
 to the old homestead in 1838, where the remaining years of his life were passed. 
 
1080 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 He died March 24, 1863, and his wife, April 23, 1859. They were the parents of 
 the following named children: Julia, Cynthia and Andrew, all deceased; Christina, 
 who married Austin Bell, and after his death David Hart, now also deceased; David 
 Porter, deceased; Maria, wife of William Althouse, of Oregon, Ilhnois; William 
 M., and Daniel, the last deceased. 
 
 William M. Shaw, a son of Vardis Shaw, was born in Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, January 8, 1834, and was reared on the old homestead at Lamb's 
 Creek. In 1856 he went to Illinois and in 1857 to Doniphan county, Kansas, where 
 he became a member of James Lane's Free State army. He subsequently lived in 
 !Nemaha county. In 1861 he returned to Tioga county, and in October of that 
 year enlisted in the quartermaster's department of the Army of the Potomac, in 
 which he served two years and seven months. On March 16, 1865, he married 
 Emma Wells, a daughter of Benjamin and Eliza Wells, who bore him eight children, 
 as follows: Benton, deceased; Delia, wife of Jesse Garrison, of Job's Corners; 
 Blanche, wife of Howard Lewis, of Richmond township; Wells, Alfred, Nellie, 
 William and Edna. After his marriage, Mr. Shaw settled on his present farm in 
 Richmond township, where he owns a well-improved property of 180 acres. In 
 politics, he is an ardent Democrat, and has served as supervisor of Richmond for 
 ten years. He is also a member of the Mansfield Grange, and is one of the leading 
 farmers of the township. 
 
 Peteh Whittekeb was bom in Canada, April 14, 1796. During the War of 
 1812, his father was drafted into the British service. Peter went as his substitute, 
 but not liking to fight against the United States, he deserted and took up his resi- 
 dence in Schoharie county. New York. There he met and married Ruth Lowns- 
 bery, a daughter of Isaac Lownsbery, October 13, 1816. She was born April 3, 
 1799. In 1818 Mr. Whitteker, his young wife and her father came to Tioga county 
 and located at Canoe Camp. A few years later he removed about two miles south- 
 east of his first location, on Canoe Camp creek, which has since been the family 
 homestead. Here he resided until his death, in 1877. To Peter and Ruth Whit- 
 teker were bom the following children: Catherine, deceased wife of S. L. Barber; 
 Seth, of Richmond township; Plyna, who died March 26, 1895; Ari, deceased; Ma- 
 tilda, wife of Russell Gillet, of Mansfield; Anna Maria, deceased wife of Samuel 
 Goodall; Mrs. Susan Eaton, of Michigan; Barney, who lives on the old homestead; 
 Lydia Jane, widow of James Cudworth; Mary, deceased wife of E. W. Phelps; Olive, 
 deceased; Nancy Margaret, wife of Morris Gillet, of Steuben county, New York; 
 Albert Melville, a resident of Thayer, Kansas, and Amanda Melvina, wife of Alex- 
 ander Mott, of The Dalles, Oregon. 
 
 Seth Whittekee, eldest son of Peter Whitteker, was bom in Canoe Camp, 
 Tioga county, October 25, 1818. He was reared on the homestead farm in Richmond 
 township, and attended the common schools in boyhood. On August 26, 1840, he 
 married Ruhamah Robinson, a daughter of Erastus and Ruhamah Robinson, natives 
 of Rutland county, Vermont. Eleven children have been bom to this marriage, as 
 follows: Sarah, Catherine, wife^ of Walter Phelps, of The Dalles, Oregon; Rosalia, 
 and Candaee, both deceased; Helena, deceased wife of Watson Phelps; Almeron, 
 James, a resident of Richmond township; Anna, wife of Edward Thomas, of Amboy, 
 Washington; Nelson, Celia, who resides near Amboy, and Lincoln, who lives near 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1081 
 
 his father. In politics, Mr. Whitteker is a Democrat, and has served as supervisor 
 two terms, as school director eleven years and as auditor several terms. He has lived 
 on his present farm nearly forty years. It was a part of the Bingham estate, and 
 originally comprised sixty-one acres, which he has added to by purchase until he 
 now owns over 300 acres. Mr. Whitteker is one of the oldest living persons bom 
 in the township, as well as one of its most substantial and respected citizens. 
 
 Michael Fealic was born in Unadilla, New York, August 18, 1802. He was 
 a millwright, and also followed rafting. In 1831 he came to Tioga county to erect 
 a saw-mill for Daniel Sherwood and his sons on the Tioga river, one-half mile below 
 Lamb's Creek bridge. He followed lumbering for several years and then purchased 
 200 acres of land two miles up Lamb's creek, which he cleared for the timber. He 
 lived on this tract up to 1853, when he removed to Lamb's Creek. About 1858 he 
 bought the old Gad Lamb water-power saw-mill of Hoard & Beach, and followed 
 the manufacture of lumber until about 1860. He then retired from business, and 
 was succeeded by his sons, Daniel L. and M. H., in 1866, who have since carried 
 on the enterprise under the firm name of Fralic Brothers. Mr. Fralic married An- 
 geline Lamb, a daughter of Daniel Lamb, son of the pioneer. Gad Lamb, to which 
 union were bom the following children: Jerusha L. and Eachel, both deceased; 
 Daniel L., a member of the lumber firm of Fralic & Flower, Coming, New York, 
 and of Fralic Brothers, Lamb's Creek, and M. H., a resident of the latter place. 
 Mrs. Fralic died in August, 1877, and her husband, December 34, 1885, aged eighty- 
 three years. 
 
 M. H. Fkalic, youngest child of Michael Fralic, was bom in Eichmond town- 
 ship, Tioga county, September 16, 1844, on what is now known as the Wilson Day 
 farm, in Lamb's Creek valley. From his youth up to the present he has been engaged 
 in lumbering. The old mill being damaged by water in 1869, they built a new one 
 in 1870, on the west side of the river, substituting steam for water power. Its 
 daily capacity is 10,000 feet and the product consists of lumber, lath, flooring, siding, 
 etc. Mr. Fralic was married December 16, 1869, to Maria J. Doane, a daughter of 
 Julius and Julia Doane, of Covington, Tioga county, who bore him four children, 
 viz: WiUard E., who is setter in the mill of Fralic & Flower, of Coming; Walter E., 
 George D. and Harry B. Mrs. Fralic died in August, 1889, and he was again mar- 
 ried July 16, 1894, to Sarah Elizabeth Perry, widow of William Perry. During the 
 Eebellion, Mr. Frahc enlisted twice. He served six weeks in Company K, Thirty- 
 fifth Emergency Men, and in the fall of 1864 again enlisted, in Company K, Two 
 Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvaaiia Volunteers. He served in the battles of Hatcher's 
 Eun, Weldon Eailroad and Appomattox. Politically, he is a Eepublican, and has 
 served several terms as treasurer of Eichmond township. He is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, of Lamb's Creek, and also of Mansfield Post, No. 48, 
 G. A. E., of Mansfield. 
 
 Welcome Jaquish was the eldest child of Joseph and Clarissa M. (Eeynolds) 
 Jaquish, and was born in Delaware county. New York, May 23, 1816. In June, 
 1838, the family came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled in Covington 
 township, on the farm where Charles Jaquish now lives. Welcome was then twelve 
 years old, and he assisted his parents in clearing up the homestead, on which he 
 grew to maturity, and subsequently removed to the Cleveland settlement, in Sullivan 
 
1082 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 township. On May 9, 1841, he married Eoxina Cleveland, a daughter of Aaron 
 and Betsey Cleveland, of Sullivan township, and in 1847 they settled on the farm 
 in the southeastern part of Eiehmond township, on which their son, E. W., now lives. 
 They became the parents of the following children: Avery W., deceased; Horace A., 
 E. W., of Eiehmond; Permelia E., widow of James S. Jeliff; Clarissa M., who died 
 January 13, 1883; Ada A., who died May 8, 1867; Elias, who died in June, 1886; 
 Ira M., who died March 5, 1858; Ira E., who died in infancy; Floyd D., a resident 
 of Sullivan township; Irene, who died January 3, 1863, and Emma E., who died 
 September 10, 1864. Mr. Jaquish died upon the homestead farm in 1884, in the 
 sixty-ninth year of his age. 
 
 E. W. Jaquish, a son of "Welcome and Eoxina Jaquish, was bom on the home- 
 stead in Eiehmond township, Tioga county, June 13, 1847, and obtained a common 
 school education. In 1870 he engaged in the meat business, running a wagon 
 through the mining districts for the accommodation of the miners, and five years 
 later opened a meat market in Fall Brook. This he continued until the fall of 
 1884, when he settled on the old homestead. This farm, which in 1847 consisted 
 of fifty-two acres, has been added to from time to time until Mr. Jaquish now owns 
 386 acres of land lying in Eiehmond, Covington and Sullivan townships. He is 
 one of the largest land owners and heaviest tax payers in the county and has accu- 
 mulated this property by untiring industry and good management. On April 27, 
 1881, Mr. Jaquish married Martha Preston, a daughter of Daniel and Mary Preston, 
 of Union township, who has borne him six children, as follows: Orrin "W., Daniel 
 P., Elvin W., Francis M., John J., and Harry, the last of whom died in childhood. 
 In politics, Mr. Jaquish is an ardent Eepublican, and has served as township auditor. 
 He is a member of the K. of H. and the I. 0. 0. F. societies. 
 
 Oelando W. Watkins was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, August 4, 1860, and is the only son of S. and Sarah (Eoblyer) Watkins. 
 His father was a native of Columbia township, Bradford county, and was reared in 
 that and Sullivan township, locating in the southwest corner of the latter in 1859, 
 where he made his home until his death, January 16, 1889. His widow lives 
 with her son in Eiehmond township. They were the parents of two children, viz: 
 Orlando W., of Eiehmond township, and Nellie, wife of F. "W. Horton, of Cov- 
 ington township. The subject of this sketch received a common school education, 
 supplemented later by a two years' course at the State Normal School, Mansfield. 
 He has devoted his attention to farming and lumbering, and is the owner of two 
 farms, one of fifty acres, a part of the old homestead, and one of sixty-two acres 
 on Canoe Camp creek, in Eiehmond township. The latter he purchased in 1889, 
 and it is his present home. Mr. Watkins was married March 16, 1887, to Bettie 
 Baity, a daughter of Edson and Eosalie Baity, of Sullivan township, and has two 
 children, Edson and Lyle. In politics, Mr. Watkins is a Eepublican, and is also 
 a member of Mainesburg Crange, Patrons of Husbandry. He is a progressive and 
 enterprising farmer and stands high in the esteem of his neighbors. 
 
 Feancis Flowee was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, August 14, 
 1811, a son of Alfred and Harriet Leonard Flower. His parents reared the fol- 
 lowing children: Eleanor, deceased wife of William B. Eipley; Sarah, who lives 
 on the old homestead in Massachusetts; Lucius, deceased; Alfred, and Samuel, 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1083 
 
 residents of "West Springfield, Massachusetts; Francis and Harriet, the latter de- 
 ceaaed. The father was a farmer, and a prominent citizen of Springfield. He 
 served in the Massachusetts legislature, and was for a number of years a justice 
 of the peace and overseer of the poor. He lived to the ripe old age of over ninety- 
 years. The subject of this sketch remained with his parents until the age of six- 
 teen when he went to Hartford, Connecticut, where he clerked in a store until 
 he was twenty-five. He then removed to Rochester, New York, and engaged in 
 the grocery business, which he followed a few years later in Buffalo, where he also 
 filled the office of justice of the peace. He spent several years in New Orleans, 
 Cincinnati, and other places, prosecuting business ventures. In 1867 he came 
 to Tioga county and became a member of the milling and lumbering firm of Flower 
 & Waters, of which his brother Lucius was the head. This firm afterwards became 
 Shaw, Flower & Company. They operated a saw-mill about a mile above the vil- 
 lage of Lamb's Creek, on the stream of the same name. About 1875 Mr. Flower lo- 
 cated in Lamb's Creek and opened a grocery store, which he still carries on. In 1881 
 he married Augusta A. Luther. Politically, Mr. Flower is a Democrat, and in 
 religion, a Presbyterian. He is one of the oldest citizens of Tioga county, not- 
 withstanding which he is in full possession of mind and memory, and quite an 
 active and vigorous man. 
 
 B. H. Osgood was bom in Chemung county. New York, April 11, 1853, and 
 came with his parents to Charleston township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1857. His father died in that township, and his mother still lives there. They 
 were the parents of seven children, as follows: Hannah J., deceased; Nathaniel, 
 a resident of Charleston; Levi, who lives near Keeneyville; Frank, a resident of 
 Michigan; B. H., of Richmond township; Elizabeth, wife of Shuble Peters, of 
 Elmira, and Mary, wife of Calvin Nixon, of Lawrenceville. The subject of this 
 sketch received a common school education and in early manhood followed lum- 
 bering. About the year 1878 he purchased 113 acres of land on Pickle hill, which 
 he still owns. Twelve years later he rented the old Asa Mann farm, north of 
 Mansfield borough, now the property of R. W. Rose, which he has successfully cul- 
 tivated in connection with his own homestead, and now ranks among the success- 
 ful and progressive farmers of the township. Mr. Osgood was married April 6, 
 1872, to Elizabeth McConnell, a daughter of Henry McConnell, to which imion 
 have been bom eight children, viz: Ruth, Clarence and Leonard, both deceased; 
 Watson, Irvin, Levina, Eva and Walter. In politics, Mr. Osgood is a Republican, 
 and has served as a supervisor in Richmond township. He is also a member of 
 the Mansfield Grange, and in religion, an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP AND MAINESBUEG. 
 
 Samuel Reynolds came from Vermont about 1803, to Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and was one of the first settlers in that part of the 
 county. For the first few years after his settlement, he, and sometimes his wife, 
 was compelled to go to Williamsport on horseback to secure provisions and house- 
 hold necessaries for his family. There were no roads through Sullivan at that 
 period, excepting mere bridle-paths cut out by the pioneers. He was married 
 
1084 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 before coming to this county, in 1801, to Anna Mann, of Hhode Island, and brought 
 his young wife into the wilderness of Sullivan township to share his trials^and 
 hardships. Ten children were born to them, viz: Mrs. Eliza Austin, Draper, 
 Thomas, Mrs. Phoebe Eew, Lyman, Mrs. Leonora Hazard, Mahala, Almeda, Asa 
 and Joshua, all of whom are dead except Mrs. Haaard, who resides in Illinois. Be- 
 sides rearing this large family, the parents secured a competence to protect them 
 in old age, though it was acquired by the greatest industry and the most rigid 
 economy. Mr. Eeynolds and family were firm adherents of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church. In politics, he was a stanch Democrat, and took an active part in 
 political affairs. He died in 1843, aged about sixty years. His wife survived him 
 eleven years, dying in 1854, aged seventy. 
 
 Thomas Eeynolds, second son of Samuel and Anna Eeynolds, was born in 
 Sullivan township, Tioga county, February 35, 1808. He died Octobei' 3, 1896, 
 and at the time of his death was one of the oldest citizens of his native county. In 
 boyhood he had no educational advantages, as there were no schools in his neigh- 
 borhood at that early day, but through the passing years he obtained that practical 
 knowledge of men and affairs which a man learns as he travels along the pathway 
 of life. In 1833 he married Amelia Webster, of Sullivan township, to which union 
 were bom four children, viz: VanBuren, Cyrus, a resident of Illinois; Lyman, 
 deceased, and Nelson. Mrs. Eeynolds died in 1851, and believing that his children 
 needed a mother's care, he was again married April 10, 1853, to Mary Moore, a 
 daughter of James Moore, of Sylvania, Bradford county, who is the mother of 
 one daughter, Mrs. Ella Eumsey. In politics, Mr. Eeynolds was always an ardent 
 Democrat, casting his first vote for Andrew Jackson for President. At the time 
 of his death he was the oldest citizen in Sullivan township, and was in full pos- 
 session of all his faculties, except that of sight. He possessed a most wonderful 
 memory, and his reminiscences of pioneer days and events were very interesting. 
 He was postmaster of the ofiBce now known as Sullivan during President Van 
 Buren's administration, and also served as constable, collector, supervisor and justice 
 of the peace. He assisted to clear the land now embraced within the borough of 
 Mansfield, and particularly that portion on which the bank and Hotel Allen now 
 stand. Mr. Eeynolds and wife were members of State Eoad Methodist Episcopal 
 church, in which he was the first Sabbath-school superintendent, and which he 
 helped to build and maintain. Eor many years he was class leader and steward of 
 the church, but when his eyesight failed him, he was compelled to give up active 
 church work. Mr. Eeynolds was a man of progressive ideas and public spirit, 
 upright in all things, and respected by the leading people of his native county. 
 
 James Geay, Sb., was bom in Sharon, Connecticut, in 1760, and there grew 
 to manhood. He resided a few years in Boston, Massachusetts, and then removed 
 to Cooperstown, New York. In 1805 he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and 
 located in what is now known as Gray's valley, which was so named in his honor, 
 where he bought 1,000 acres of land and paid cash for it. The place of his settle- 
 ment is one of the prettiest and most fertile spots in Tioga county, and he was one 
 of the earliest among the pioneers of the township. Little of his early life is known 
 by his descendants, except that he served seven years in the Continental army, and 
 thus did his full share towards establishing this free government. He was dis- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1085 
 
 charged from the service with the rank of captain. In 1785, he married Parthenia 
 White, of N"orfolk, Connecticut, who bore him a family of nine children, as follows: 
 John, James, Silas, George W., Eenssalear, Betsey, Mrs. Aurelia Eipley, Mrs. 
 Eyelina Rumsey, and Mrs. Melissa Reynolds. Mr. Gray was originally a Federalist 
 and afterwards a Whig. In religion, both he and his wife were Episcopalians. 
 He died March 1, 1846, his wife having preceded him to the grave, in May, 1833. 
 
 James Gray, second son of James Gray, Sr., was bom in Sharon, Connecticut, 
 November 25, 1790, and removed with his parents to Otsego county. New York, 
 in childhood. When he was fifteen years old the family located in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, and his subsequent life was passed in Gray's valley. On Septem- 
 ber 11, 1817, he married Maria Campbell, of Springfield, Bradford county, who 
 bore him one son, Victor M., since deceased. Mrs. Gray died February 36, 1820, 
 and on December 28th following, he married Lorena Doud, who bore him six chil- 
 dren, as follows: Mrs. Isabella Reynolds, deceased; Lafayette; Mrs. Louisa Rob- 
 bins, who lives at Coming; Mrs. Henrietta Young, deceased; Delaune, deceased, 
 and Mrs. Lorancy Baker, deceased. Mrs. Gray died October 2, 1833, and on May 
 19, 1844, he married Martha Pinkham, of Tioga, who bore him one daughter, Mrs. 
 Ida P. Webster, of Williamspoi-t. Mr. Gray died July 25, 1860. His widow siu:- 
 vived until July 10, 1877, and died at the residence of her daughter in Williams- 
 port. He was a Whig until 1828, when he supported Andrew Jackson for the 
 presidency, and remained a Democrat until 1856. In that year he became a Re- 
 publican, and voted that ticket until his death. For nearly twenty-five years he 
 served as a justice of the peace, and was postmaster at Gray's Valley a long period. 
 Mr. Gray and family were members of the Baptist church, in which he filled the 
 offices of clerk and deacon for many years. 
 
 Lafayette Geay, eldest son of James and Lorena Gray, was bom on the 
 homestead in Gray's valley, Sullivan township, Tioga county, March 20, 1824. He 
 obtained a good common school education, and from 1846 to 1855 he taught in the 
 public schools of the county. Since that time he has devoted his attention to farming, 
 making dairying a specialty. On October 3, 1847, he married Amanda V. Haven, 
 of Bradford county, who bore him four children, viz: James E., Wilton D., Mrs. 
 Alice Rose, and Fred L., a resident of California. Mrs. Gray died February 8. 
 1887, and he was again married May 19, 1891, to Mrs. Aletta Baker, a daughter of 
 Laben L. and Nancy Rockwell, of Rutland township. Prior to 1856, Mr. Gray 
 was a Democrat, since which year he has been an ardent Republican. He filled 
 the office of school director about nine years, and both he and his family are con- 
 nected with the Baptist church. 
 
 Wilton D. Gray, second son of Lafayette and Amanda V. Gray, was born 
 in Sullivan township, Tioga county, January 31, 1853, and was reared upon the 
 homestead faxm. After completing his primary education in the district schools, 
 he attended the Wellsboro graded schools until 1870, since which time he has de- 
 voted his attention to farming. He was married October 23, 1878, to Anna Rose, 
 a daughter of Elliott S. Rose, of Sullivan township, and has two children, viz: Nellie, 
 born October 9, 1888, and Jessie, March 21, 1893. Mr. Gray is a stanch Republican, 
 and both he and wife are members of the State Road Baptist church. He is con- 
 nected with Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, I. 0. 0. F., and takes a deep interest in 
 
1086 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 public affairs. Mr. Gray is recognized as one of the progressive young farmers 
 of his native township, in which his entire life has been passed. 
 
 Paul Cudwoeth was born in Massachusetts, there grew to manhood and mar- 
 ried Sarah Drinkwater, a native of the same State. Their children were Paul, 
 ApoUos, Samuel, James, Mollie, who married Hanover Pitts, and Susannah, who 
 married Noah Eumsey, Sr. Mr. Cudworth removed with his family to Vermont, 
 remaining there until about 1808, when he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 and settled in Sullivan township. He and wife were pioneers of that locality and 
 passed the remaining years of their lives in Sullivan. 
 
 James Cudwoeth, Se., son of Paul Cudworth, was born in Massachusetts, 
 August 17, 1795, and came with his parents to Sullivan township, Tioga county, 
 when about thirteen years old. He served as a drummer boy in the War of 1812. 
 Soon after arriving at his majority he married Anna Doud, a daughter of Peleg 
 Doud, one of the pioneers of Sullivan township. She was bom September 17, 1799, 
 and bore him the following named children: Jerome B., of Mainesburg; Sarah 
 Ann, widow of Edward A. Fish, of Wellsboro; James and William, both deceased; 
 Julia Ann, and Paul C, a resident of Michigan. Mr. Cudworth died April 18, 1836, 
 on the farm now the home of his grandson, James C. Cudworth. His wife died 
 January 16, 1866. 
 
 James Cudwoeth, a son of James Cudworth, Sr., was born m Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1826, and there grew to manhood. 
 He obtained very little schooling and spent his early life upon a farm. On May 30, 
 1849, he married Lydia J. Whitteker, a daughter of Peter Whitteker, of Richmond 
 township, who became the mother of three children, viz: Julia L., born September 
 17, 1851, wife of J. W. DeWitt; Virginia L., born October 7, 1853, wife of C. F. 
 Parkhurst, and James C. Mr. Cudworth removed to Mainesburg in 1885, enter- 
 ing into partnership with his son-in-law, J. W. DeWitt, in the mercantile business. 
 He remained in that business until March, 1892, when he sold out and returned 
 to his farm, where he died, July 16, 1892. His widow resides in Mainesburg. He was 
 a member of Cherry Flats Baptist church, to which his family also adheres. In 
 polities, he was a stanch Democrat, and during the Eebellion he gave both time and 
 money liberally towards raising troops to defend the flag and preserve the Union. 
 
 James C. Cudwoeth was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county, May 3, 
 1863, on the farm which he now owns and resides upon. He attended the district 
 schools in boyhood, and afterwards the State Normal School at Mansfield. After 
 working on the homestead farm five years, he formed a partnership with J. W. De- 
 Witt and engaged in merchandising at Mainesburg, which business he followed for 
 two years. In 1886 he purchased the old homestead, and has since given his attention 
 to agriculture. He makes a specialty of dairying, keeps from twenty to twenty-five 
 cows, and is one of the partners in the Mainesburg Co-operative Creamery. Mr. 
 Cudworth was married May 12, 1882, to Grace D. Maine, a daughter of Dr. G. D. 
 Maine, of Mainesburg, and has two children, Katie E. and Charles J. He is an 
 ardent Democrat, and has filled the office of school director. In religion, he is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of Mainesburg, to which society his 
 family also belong, and is held in high esteem by his neighbors. 
 
 Peleg Doud, a native of Hubbaidton, Vermont, came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1087 
 
 sylvania, about 1808 or 1809, and settled in Sullivan township. He was married in 
 Vermont to Isabella Rumsey, to which union were bom ten children, eight in Ver- 
 mont and two in Sullivan township, viz: Millie, who died in youth; Sally, who 
 married John Gray; Betsey, who married Roswell Webster; Lorena, who married 
 James Gray; Anna, who married James Cudworth, Sr.; Lurancy, who married 
 Levi Eexford; Philemon, Munson, Peleg W. and Eipley H. Mrs. Doud died in 
 1814. Her husband survived until about 1840, dying at a ripe old age. Mr. 
 Doud was one of the first settlers in Sullivan township. For many years he was 
 a deacon in the Baptist church and services were often held at his house. In 
 politics, he was a Whig. 
 
 Rev. Peleg W. Doud was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county. May 29, 
 1810, a son of Peleg Doud. He was reared on the farm and obtained his education 
 in the common schools. For many years he was a minister of the Free Will Baptist 
 church, and also a member of the church board of officers. On December 35, 1 833, 
 he married Amanda R. Packard, a daughter of John and Rebecca Packard, of Sul- 
 livan township. Five children were born to this union, viz: Warren, Hobart R., 
 Omer P., Annie, and Helen, wife of I)aniel F. Rumsey. Mrs. Doud died June 9, 1893. 
 Her mother, now in her 103nd year, resides in Covington township. Mr. Doud 
 makes his home with his son-in-law, Daniel F. Rumsey, of Sullivan. In early life 
 he was a Whig, but has been a Republican since the organization of that party. He 
 is now one of the oldest living persons bom in Tioga county. 
 
 Russell Rose was one of the first settlers in what is now Ward township, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania. He was born in Connecticut, June 11, 1753. Little is known 
 of his eaxly life, but at the age of twenty-three he enlisted in the Continental army 
 and served throughout that struggle for liberty. While in camp at Valley Forge 
 he was promoted to serve as an aide on Washington's staff, and did good and eflBcient 
 service. After the war was over he returned to Connecticut, where he married 
 Phoebe Orvis, who bore him two children, Achsah and Phoebe. Mrs. Rose died in 
 November, 1786, and in March, 1788, he married Lydia Orvis. She was bom in 
 Norfolk, Connecticut, March 30, 1764, and became the mother of eight children, 
 as follows: Daniel, Sophronia, Rexford, Crippin, Enos, Rebecca, the widow of John 
 Packard, who now resides in Covington, Tioga county, at the extraordinary age of 
 101, being the only survivor of the family; Lydia, and Phoebe. Mr. Rose and family 
 came from Connecticut to Tioga county in 1807, and located in the midst of an 
 unbroken forest, in what is now Ward township, but soon afterward removed to 
 Sullivan township, and settled on the State road. With the assistance of his children, 
 he rapidly cleared off quite a snug little farm, and at his death, June 1, 1830, he 
 was one of the best known men in the county. In polities, he was originally a 
 Federalist, and afterwards cast his fortunes with the Whig party. Both he and 
 wife were members of the Baptist church. She survived her husband over a quarter 
 of a century, dying June 3, 1857. It is stated of Mr. Rose that during President 
 Monroe's administration, he went afoot to Washington, D. C, to see why his pension 
 had been withheld from him. On his arrival the officer in charge said he could not 
 attend to his case until the next day, but Mr. Rose threatening to go to the President 
 direct, he promptly rectified the matter, and the old veteran returned home as he 
 had gone, arriving there none the worse for his long tramp. 
 
]^088 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Daniel Kose, eldest son of Eussell and Lydia Rose, was born in Norfolk, 
 Connecticut, May 16, 1789, and there grew to manhood. He came to Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, two years after his father, and settled in the eastern part of Sullivan 
 township, on what is now the State road. He enlisted in the War of 1812, and 
 served until May, 1814, when he returned to his home in Tioga county. In Sep- 
 tember, 1814, he married Sally Elliott, a daughter of Nathaniel Elliott, of Coving- 
 ton, Tioga county. She taught the first school opened in Eichmond township. 
 Eight children were born to this marriage, viz: James M., Elliott S., Mrs. Sally Ely, 
 Russell B., Mrs. Clarissa Wheeler, Daniel, Enos, and one that died in early youth. 
 Of these Elliott S. and Russell B. are living. The family were connected with the 
 State Road Baptist church, in which faith the parents lived and died. In politics, 
 Mr. Rose was an enthusiastic Whig, and a great admirer of Henry Clay. He died 
 February 4, 1853, in his sixty-third year. His wife survived him over eighteen 
 years, dying August 36, 1870, in the seventy-eighth year of her age. 
 
 Elliott S. Rose, second son of Daniel and Sally Rose, was bom in Sullivan 
 township, Tioga county, June 18, 1817. He attended the district schools in boy- 
 hood, obtaining but a limited education, and later engaged in farming, which, with 
 the exception of about twenty years spent in buying and selling cattle, he made his 
 life vocation, his specialty being dairying and sheep raising. Mr. Rose was married 
 October 38, 1841, to Laura A. Morgan, a daughter of Dennis and Betsey (Black) 
 Morgan, natives of Blanford, Massachusetts. She was bom in Blanford, February 
 2, 1834, and was only eight years old when her parents settled in Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county. She is the mother of four children, all of whom are living, viz: 
 William Pembrooke, Warren D., Anna, wife of Wilton D. Gray, and Morgan E. 
 Mr. Rose is a leading member of the State Road Baptist church, and has been an 
 officer in that body for many years. He was originally a Whig, casting his first 
 vote for William Henry Harrison for president in 1840, and when the Republican 
 party was organized he became one of its most enthusiastic workers. He served 
 as auditor and constable for many years. On October 38, 1891, Mr. and Mrs. Rose 
 celebrated their golden wedding, and it is said by one who was there, that "a more 
 pleasant and happy couple could not be found in Tioga county." Mr. Rose can 
 look back with pardonable pride on a successful business career and a life filled with 
 good deeds and kind actions. 
 
 William Pembkooke Rose was born on the old homestead in Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, December 4, 1846, and is the eldest child of Elliott S. and Laura A. 
 Rose. After completing the common school course, he attended the State Normal 
 School at Mansfield until 1865. He then entered the Commercial College at Bing- 
 hamton. New York, from which he was graduated February 3, 1867, thus complet- 
 ing his education. In 1869-70, he conducted a store at Fall Brook, Tioga county. 
 He afterwards returned to the farm in Sullivan township, on which he remained untU 
 1886, when he and M. F. Rose purchased a store in Mainesburg, and carried on the 
 mercantile business there for six years. After retiring from that business, he and 
 his brother, Warren D., under the firm name of Rose Brothers, commenced buying 
 and shipping to the eastern markets hay, grain and all kinds of farm produce, in 
 which they have been highly successful and still continue. Mr. Rose was married 
 November 25, 1870, to Harriet Palmer, a daughter of Nathan Palmer, of Sullivan 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1089 
 
 township, Tioga county, and has one son, Elmer N. Mr. Eose and wife are members 
 of the Baptist church, in which he fills the office of clerk. He is a stanch Ee- 
 publican, and has held nearly eTery office in Mainesburg at difEerent periods, includ- 
 ing the office of postmaster during Harrison's administration. He is one of the 
 oldest members and Past Grands of Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, I. 0. 0. F., is 
 recognized as a substantial and successful business man, and is held in high esteem 
 by the best people of the community. 
 
 "Waeeen D. Eose, second son of Elliott S. and Laura A. Eose, was bom in 
 Sullivan township, Tioga county, February 3, 1850, and grew to manhood upou the 
 homestead farm. He obtained a common school education, later attended the State 
 Normal School at Mansfield, and began teaching when but sixteen years of age, 
 following that vocation in Sullivan township six years. In the meantime he devoted 
 some attention to his farm duties, and also began buying and shipping live stock. 
 He subsequently entered into partnership with his brother, William P., for the 
 purpose of buying farmers' produce, in which line they have done a very large busi- 
 ness, being to-day among the extensive dealers in the county. Warren D. has also 
 been a successful live-stock buyer for twenty-five years. Mr. Eose was married 
 October 22, 1872, to Alice Gray, only daughter of Lafayette Gray, of Sullivan town- 
 ship, and has four children: Edith, a graduate of the State Normal School at 
 Mansfield, in the class of 1895, who is now engaged in teaching; Fred E., Warren 
 Gray, and an infant son. Mr. Eose is a stanch Eepublican, and has served as town- 
 ship treasurer for several years. He and family are adherents of the State Eoad 
 Baptist church, in which he fills the office of trustee. He is looked upon as one of 
 the most energetic and worthy citizens of his native township. 
 
 Morgan E. Eose, youngest son of Elliott S. Eose, was born on the homestead 
 in Sullivan township, Tioga county, February 36, 1859. After completing a com- 
 mon school education, he took a course in the State Normal School at Mansfield, and 
 then settled down to farm life. He manages about 400 acres of land, including his 
 father's homestead, and has devoted much time to stock raising. He is also engaged 
 in business in Mansfield, as a dealer in coal, wood and builders' supplies. On De- 
 cember 30, 1882, he married Nellie Miller, a daughter of Darwin D. Miller, of Sulli- 
 van township, and has one daughter, Edna. He and wife are members of the State 
 Eoad Baptist church, in which he has been superintendent of the Sabbath-school 
 for several years. In politics, Mr. Eose is a Eepublican, and is one of the progressive 
 farmers of Sullivan township. 
 
 Dennis Morgan was bom in Blanford, Hampden county, Massachusetts, in 
 1801, a son of Simeon and Elizabeth (Sewell) Morgan, of the same State. His farther 
 was a native of Wales, and a farmer by occupation. He followed his son to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he died at the age of seventy-four years. In 1832 
 Dennis Morgan came to Sullivan township, Tioga county, where he bought a farm 
 of 100 acres, which he cleared and improved. He married Betsey Black, a native of 
 Massachusetts, bom in 1801. She bore him three daughters and one son, named 
 as follows: Laura Ann, wife of Elliott S. Eose; Jane E., who married Eussell B. 
 Eose; Maryett, who married D. D. Miller, and Fordyce S. Mr. Morgan and wife 
 were members of the Baptist church, and died in that faith. He took a deep interest 
 69 
 
1Q90 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 in church work and acted as clerk for many years. In politics, he was a Whig. He 
 was captain of a local militia company, and was a man of soldiery bearing. 
 
 Noah Eumsey, Sh., was born in Fairfield. Connecticut. March 20. 1768. and 
 was a son of Isaac Eumsey. His grandfather, Joseph Rumsey, was a son of Robert 
 Eumsey, a grandson of William Rumsey, and a great-grandson of Robert Rumsey, Sr., 
 who settled in Connecticut in 1645. Noah grew to manhood in his native county, 
 and married Susannah Cudworth, who bore him a family of twelve children, eleven 
 of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Mrs. Sally Austin, Aaron, Noah, Mrs. 
 Deziah Grandy, Leander D., Orlando S., Jesse C, Mrs. Olivia DeWitt, Joseph, 
 Ameda and Abigail, all of whom are dead. Mr. Rumsey came from Hubbardton, 
 Vermont, to Sullivan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1807. He built 
 the first grist-mill in this section of the county, on the site of Mainesburg, which 
 he operated for a few years and then sold it. He was a Jeffersonian Democrat, but 
 took no active interest in public affairs. He died May 19, 1839, and his wife twelve 
 or fifteen years later, leaving numerous descendants. 
 
 Aaeon Rumsey, oldest son of Noah Rumsey, Sr., was born in Hubbardton, Ver- 
 mont, April 7, 1803, and was four years old when his parents settled in Sullivan 
 township, Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, assisting his parents in clearing 
 the farm and enduring the hardships of pioneer life. On April 27, 1837, he married 
 Orilla Pairchild, a native of Connecticut, born August 15, 1815, to which union 
 were bom the following children: Adelaide, deceased wife of Lewis B. Lucas; Jesse, 
 of Sullivan township; Adalena, wife of Capt. Homer J. Ripley; Adaline M., who lives 
 with her mother on the old homestead; Ameda S., wife of Volney Ripley; Martha M., 
 deceased; Emery J. and Daniel F., both residents of Sullivan; Julia Ann, wife of Ros- 
 well P. Ripley, and Fremont, deceased. Mr. Rumsey was prominent in the early 
 militia, in which he held the rank of major. He was a stanch Republican, in 
 politics, and filled several local offices. During his early manhood he followed 
 lumbering as an occupation, and was one of the prosperous farmers and leading 
 citizens of his township. He died July 11, 1886. 
 
 Emeky J. Rumsey was bo^m in Sullivan to'wnship, Tioga county, July 14, 
 1852, and is the second youngest son of Aaron Rumsey, and grandson of Noah 
 Rumsey, Sr. After completing a common school course, he spent two terms in the 
 State Normal School at Mansfield. He then engaged in clerking in the only general 
 store in Mainesburg at that time, which he followed one year, and then removed 
 to the farm upon which he has since liv.ed, located three miles east of Mainesburg. 
 On December 17, 1879, he married Ella Reynolds, a daughter of Thomas Reynolds, 
 of Sullivan township. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church of Mainesburg, and he is connected with Mainesburg Grange. Mr. Eumsey 
 is an imswerving Republican, and firmly believes in the principles of that party, 
 especially the doctrine of high protection for American industries. 
 
 Noah Rumsey, Jh., was bom in Hubbardton, Vermont, August 4, 1805, and 
 was but two years old when his parents settled in Sullivan township, Tioga county. 
 Here he grew to manhood assisting his parents in the home duties and undergoing 
 the trials and hardships incident to pioneer days. On February 20, 1834, he mar- 
 ried Sally A. Gitchell, of Sullivan township, who became the mother of twelve 
 children, viz: Mrs. Mary Miller, Charles M., Mrs. Olivia Jones, deceased; Josepli B., 
 and David N., the last deceased; Mrs. Elizabeth Lovell, Aaron L., Mrs. Ro&ina D. 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1091 
 
 Bardwell, Elmina, deceased; Eli G. and two that died in infancy. Like his father, 
 he was a stanch Democrat, and both he and wife were members of Cherry Flats 
 Baptist church. Mr. Eumsey died November 34, 1859, and his wife, March 21, 
 1887, aged seventy-four years. 
 
 Chaeles M. Eumsey, eldest son of Noah Eumsey, Jr., was bom in Sullivan 
 township, Tioga county, July 30, 1837, and was reared upon the homestead farm. 
 On November 1, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
 At Lebanon, Virginia, May 5, 1862, his horse was shot from under him, and in falling 
 broke several of his ribs. He was so severely injured that he was coinflned to the 
 hospital three months, and never fully recovered. During his confinement in the 
 hospital, he was taken prisoner, but was paroled the following day. Upon leaving 
 the hospital he was on detached duty, as clerk to the division commissary, and was 
 finally discharged from the service November 1, 1864. Eetuming to his home in 
 Sullivan township, he resumed farming, which occupation he has followed up to the 
 present. Mr. Eumsey was married March 27, 1866, to Matilda A. GifEord, a daughter 
 of William Gifford, of Eichmond township. Three children were born to this union, 
 one of whom died in infancy, the others being as follows: Clark, bom January 
 9, 1871, married Daisy Levalley, of Covington, November 16, 1892, and had one 
 child, Matilda, and died February 18, 1894; and Ealph, born February 9, 1873, who 
 died March 4, 1874. Mrs. Eumsey died May 30, 1884, and he was again married 
 February 17, 1886, to Angeline Ely, a daughter of Frederick and Sally Ely, of 
 Charleston township. Mr. Eumsey is an ardent Democrat, and served as county 
 commissioner one term. He also filled the offices of supervisor, constable and collector 
 of his township. He and family are members of the Disciples church, of Maines- 
 burg, and he is connected with Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. E., and Sullivan 
 Grange, No. 84, P. of H. 
 
 John Maine was bom in Scipio, New York, November 29, 1779, and came to 
 Tioga county,, Pennsylvania, in early manhood, locating in Lawrence township. 
 About 1825 he setted near the site of Mainesburg, which village was named in his 
 honor. He was a miller by trade, and always followed that business or farming. On 
 December 25, 1808, he married Nancy Spencer, a daughter of Uriah Spencer, to 
 which union were bom fourteen children, viz: Alexander, Horace S., Mrs. Celia Eose, 
 Samuel, Harriet, Uriah E., a resident of Missouri; Mrs. Deborah Phelps, Andrew J., 
 George D., Mrs. Fannie A. Green, Edwin E., Mrs. Sarah Eichards, a resident of 
 Nelson, Tioga county; Eleanor M. and Charles E. Of this large family only three 
 are living, Uriah E., Edwin E. and Mrs. Sarah Eichards. Mr. Maine was a 
 Democrat in early manhood, subsequently joined the Free Soil party, and later en- 
 tered the Eepublican ranks. Both he and wife were members of the Baptist church, 
 and he was also connected with the Masonic order. Mr. Maine died December 17, 
 1857, and his wife, September 21, 1873. 
 
 Geohge D. Maine, physician and surgeon, sixth son of John and Nancy Maine, 
 was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga county, July 24, 1826. He attended the dis- 
 trict schools in boyhood, was a student at the old Troy Academy, and afteirwards en- 
 tered the Medical Department of the University of Buffalo, from which institution 
 he graduated in the class of 1860. He commenced practice at Austinville, and one 
 year later located in Mainesburg, Tioga county, where he continued in the active 
 
;l^Q92 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 duties of his profession for thirty-six years. When the call for troops came, Dr. 
 Maine enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninety-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and served as assistant surgeon of that regiment until mustered out, in August, 
 1865, when he resumed his practice at Maineshurg. Dr. Maine married Jane E. 
 Gregory, of Elmira, ITew York, and reared two daughters, both married: Mrs. Kate 
 M. Holcomb, and Mrs. Grace D. Cudworth. Mrs. Maiae died in Philadelphia, 
 January 2, 1896, where she had gone for the purpose of having an operation per- 
 formed. In politics, Dr. Maine was a stanch Eepublican, and firm in. the support 
 of the principles and measures of that party. He also belonged to the I. 0. 0. P. 
 for many years. But his principal attention was devoted to his professional duties, 
 in which he was very successful. Through the passing years he won the confidence 
 and esteem of the community, both as a physician and a citizen, and was recognized 
 as a man of high honor and strict integrity. He died at his home in Maineshurg, 
 May 19, 1897. 
 
 Altin B. Austin was born in Chenango county, New York, in 1800, and fol- 
 lowed the occupations of farmer and mason. In 1820 he came to Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, locating at what is now Maineshurg. On January 
 8, 1824, he married Sally D. Eumsey, a daughter of Noa.h Eumsey, Sr., a pioneer of 
 Sullivan. Seven children were born to this marriage, viz: Mrs. Ameda Shelton, 
 deceased; Aaron, who resides in Nevada; Luther, a resident of Bradford county; Le- 
 ander E., deceased; Daniel B., who lives in California; Joseph B., deceased, and Jesse 
 W., a resident of Maineshurg. Mr. Austin and family were adherents of the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal church, and in polities, he was first a Whig and afterwards a Eepubli- 
 can. Mrs. Austin died March 11, 1878, and her husband, December 21, 1881. 
 
 Leandee E. Austin was born in Sullivan township, Tioga county, on the site 
 of the Maineshurg church, June 28, 1831, and was the third son of Alvin B. and Sally 
 D. Austin. With the exception of a short period that he clerked for his uncle, L. 
 D. Eumsey, in a store, he followed agriculture until 1876, when he embarked in 
 merchandising at Maineshurg, in partnership with Baldwin Parkhurst. In 1880 
 they dissolved partnership, and in 1882 he purchased H. E. Bartlett's dry goods and 
 grocery store, which he sold to E. W. Eose in 1884. On June 26, 1884, he bought 
 the drug store of Dr. I. N. Wright, and converting it into a grocery and hardware 
 store, he formed a partnership with Capt. Homer J. Eipley. In 1886 he sold his in- 
 terest to Captain Eipley, and in 1888 he entered the employ of the Keystone View 
 Company as salesman, in which capacity he acted until 1890 when he became a 
 partner in the business and so continued until his death, October 9, 1893. Mr. 
 Austin was twice married. His first marriage occurred in 1857, to Eebecea Brown, 
 of Covington, who died in 1876. On February 20, 1878, he married Mittie E., a 
 daughter of P. P. Smith, of Sullivan township, who bore him one daughter, Ethel L., 
 born February 10, 1892. L. Emory Austin, third son of Jesse W. Austin, became a 
 member of the family of Leander E. and Mittie E. Austin April 10, 1880, and March 
 5, 1890, he married Miss Minnie Eumsey. They have one daughter, Leai. Graice, 
 bom August 1, 1895. Mr. Austin was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 of Maineshurg, and also of Maineshurg Lodge, No. 754, 1. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Joshua Smith came from Tompkins county, New York, to Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1824. Shortly before, he married Lydia Clark, of 
 the first-named State and county, and they came to Sullivan township together and 
 
BIOGSAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1093 
 
 commenced pioneer life in Tioga county. Seven children were bom to them in this 
 county, named as follows: Dennis, deceased; Philetus P., Ephraim C, Burinthia, who 
 was scalded to death; Joshua, who was burned to death in a coal fire when an infant; 
 Mrs. Olive Squires, aad Mrs. Diantha Watkins. Mrs. Smith died in 1840, and he 
 was again married in 1842, to Diadama Eoblyer, who became the mother of one 
 daughter, Lydia, since deceased. Mr. Smith was an ardent Eepublican, and both 
 he and wife were members of Mainesburg Methodist Episcopal church. He died in 
 1859, and his wife, December 1, 1846. 
 
 Philetus P. Smith was born in Sullivan township, Tioga county, January 13, 
 1835, and is the eldest living child of Joshua and Lydia Smith. He obtained a good 
 common school education, and subsequently taught for fifteen years in Sullivan town- 
 ship, during the wiater seasons, with the exception of one term in Eutland. In 
 the summer months he followed farming, ajad since giving up teaching he has made 
 farming his occupation. He married Eoxie E. Scouten, of Sullivan township, and is 
 the father of eight children, viz: Mrs. Elizabeth Eumsey, Mrs. Frankie Leiby, Mrs. 
 Mittie E. Austin, Mrs. Florrie E. Maynard, Mrs. Jennie Bartlett, Mrs. Vinie L. Smith, 
 H. P., and one that died in early youth. Mr. Smith is an active Prohibitionist, has 
 been a school director for twenty-four years, and has also filled the office of town- 
 ship auditor. He and family are members of Mainesburg Methodist Episcopal 
 church, in which he has been a class leader, steward and trustee for about twenty-five 
 years. Some years ago he was a member of Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, I. 0. 0. P. 
 Mr. Smith is recognized as one of the intelligent and progressive farmers of his native 
 township. 
 
 Abad Smith came from New York state to Sullivan township, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania, about 1824, bringing with him his young wife to share the hardships 
 and trials of pioneer life. He was married in New York, in April, 1822, to Margery 
 Ganoung, who became the mother of six children, as follows: Charles G-., Mrs. Phoebe 
 Palmer, Levi, deceased; Mrs. Sally Chandler, deceased; Albert, and Mrs. Loiuisa Nash, 
 deceased. Mr. Smith settled in the midst of the primitive forest, erected a log 
 cabin, and went to work bravely to make for himself and family a home, in which un- 
 dertaking he was successful. In politics, he was a Jeffersonian Democrat, and m re- 
 ligion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Elk Eun. He did not be- 
 lieve in secret societies, consequently never became a member of any of them. Mr. 
 Smith died in Mansfield, November 4, 1889, surviving his wife more than seven 
 years, her death occurring January 1, 1882. 
 
 Chaeles G. Smith, eldest child of Arad Smith, was born in New York state. 
 May 4, 1823, and was in his second year when his parents settled in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood, inured to the hardships of pioneer 
 days, and has made farming his life vocation. In September, 1843, he married 
 Sallie Chandler, of Sullivan township, to which union were bom four children, viz: 
 Mrs. Margery Eichmond, .Byron C, Mrs. Julia Tanner, deceased, and Fred I., who is 
 now studying for the ministry. Mrs. Smith died April 9, 1872, and he was again 
 married October 8, 1873, to Emeline Brundage, who died April 7, 1879. Mr. Smith's 
 third marriage occurred November 19, 1879, with Eosilla Perry, a daughter of 
 Marvin Perry. Her father was a son of Jonathan Perry, and married Laura Gay- 
 lord, of Vermont, who bore him a family of six children. Marvin Perry died Feb- 
 
1Q94 HISTOET OF TIOGA COITNTT. 
 
 ruary 25, 1863, aged sixty-one years, and his wife, October 17, 1873. Mr. Smith and 
 wife are members of Elk Kun Methodist Episcopal chtirch, and in politics, he is a 
 Prohibitionist. He is also connected with East Sullivan Grange, No. 831, P. of H. 
 Mr. Smith began his business life comparatively poor, but is to-day one of the pros- 
 perous citizens of the township. 
 
 Jacob Httlslandee came from Tompkins county, New York, to Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, about 1831. He was married in Tompkins county, 
 in May 1805, to Elizabeth Bell, who bore him a family of ten children, viz. John, 
 Isaac, David, Peter, "William, Ezekiel, Jacob, Mrs. Susan Sweet, Mrs. Eliza Stewart 
 and Maria, all of whom are dead except William, who lives in Steuben county. New 
 York. Mr. Hulslander was a soldier in the War of 1813, while his father served in the 
 Eevolution. In politics, he was a life-long Democrat, and in religious faith, a 
 Presbyterian. He died upon his farm in Sullivan township, in May, 1849. His 
 wife survived him until June, 1853. 
 
 Petee Httlslandee, fourth son of Jacob Hulslander, was bom in Orange county. 
 New York, April 17, 1813, and came with his parents to Sullivan township, Tioga 
 county, when about eighteen years of age. He was bom and reared on a farm, aad 
 made farming his life vocation. On October 16, 1834, he married Amanda Soper, 
 a daughter of Eoger Soper, of Bradford county, Pennsylvania. Ten children were 
 bom to this union, as follows: Elijah, a resident of Bradford county; William, de;- 
 ceased; Mrs. Mary Benedict, of East Charleston; Mrs. Ellen Benedict, of Bradford 
 county; Prof. George F., of Boston; C. B., of Sullivan township; Mrs. Melinda Furge- 
 son, of Liberty township; Winfield S., who lives in Scranton; Mrs. Charlotte Bobbins 
 and Mrs. Emma Colgrove, of Detroit, Michigan. William, George F. and C. B. were 
 soldiers in the Union army during the Eebellion. Mr. Hulslander was first a Whig 
 and later a Republican. He died in March, 1891, his wife having preceded him, Feb- 
 ruary 6, 1886. 
 
 C. B. Httlslandee was bom on the old homestead in Sullivan township, Tioga 
 county, June 19, 1847, and is a son of Peter Hulslander. In August, 1864, when but 
 seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company A, Two Hundred and Seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, and served in the battles of Fort Steadman, Petersburg, and 
 several other minor engagements. He was honorably discharged in June, 1865. 
 Mr. Hulslander was married November 31, 1869, to Janette Ferguson, a daughter of 
 Uriah Ferguson, of Bradford county. Nine children have been bom to this marriage, 
 viz: Fred and Eva, both deceased; Nellie, Thomas, Harry, Vera, Fannie, Burt and 
 Morton. In politics, Mr. Hulslander is a Eepublican, and is a member of Eoseville 
 Post, No. 616, G. A. E. 
 
 Joshua Shaw was bom in Abington, Massachusetts, in 1764, there grew to man- 
 hood and married Sarah Hawes, of the same place. In 1810 he came on foot to Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, in company with Noah Nash, and purchased 106 acres of land 
 from Elijah Clark, located in Tioga valley, between Lamb's Creek and Mansfield. Ee- 
 tuming to his native State, he brought his family to his new home in Tioga county 
 in 1811, and began the life of a pioneer. He was a carpenter, but followed farming the 
 greater portion of his life. To Joshua and Sarah Shaw, were bom seven children, 
 viz: Mrs. Ehoda Burley, subsequently Barnes; Mrs. Sallie Eipley, Vardis, Mrs. Polly 
 Cleveland, Eodney C, Deborah and Daniel M., all of whom are dead. The family 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1095 
 
 were adherents of the Baptist church, and Mr. Shaw was one of the organizers of 
 that society in Sullivan, township, the first services being held at the house of Peleg 
 Doud, eight miles distant, whither they traveled through the forest on horseback. 
 In politics, Mr. Shaw was an enthusiastic Whig.' He died May 34, 1843, a^ed 
 seventy-eight years. His wife survived him eight years, dying May 13, 1850, in the 
 eighty-third year of her age. 
 
 Daniel M. Shaw was bom in Massachusetts, in 1808, and came with his 
 parents to Tioga coimty, Pennsylvania, when about three years old. He grew to 
 manhood upon the homestead farm, assisting his parents in the home duties, and at- 
 tending at intervals the pioneer schools of the neighborhood. On January 33j 1835, 
 he married Jane Seaman, a daughter of Gardner and Mercy Seaman, of Bradford 
 county. She was born in that county December 8, 1811, and became the mother of 
 eleven children, one of whom died in infancy. The others were named as follows: 
 Charles Milton, Byron M., who enlisted in 1861, in Company B, One Hundred and 
 Fifst Pennsylvania Volunteers, and died in the rebel prison at Florence, South Caro- 
 lina, in 1865; Claudia and Flavius J., both deceased. Freeman, a resident of Sullivan 
 township; S. G., who lives in Bradford county; Martha A., widow of E. H. Brodrick, 
 and mother of two children, C. Eay and Eobert M.; Mary, deceased; Mrs. SElrah.M. 
 Hagar, of Eiehmond township, and Mortimer, deceased. After Mr. Shaw's marriage, 
 he purchased ninety acres of land in Sullivan township, to which he subsequently 
 added until he owned 235 acres of as fine land as lays in Sullivan township. He was 
 originally a Whig, but cast his fortunes with the Eepublican party in 1856, and re- 
 mained so until his death. He served for many years as a school director, and was 
 one of the useful citizens of the community. He was a member of the Universalist 
 church, of Mansfield, and also of the Good Templars' society^ of Mainesburg. He 
 died April 30, 1884. His widow resides upon the old homestead, now the property of 
 her son. Freeman, and Mrs. Martha A. Brodrick, and at the ripe old age of eighty- 
 five years, confidently awaits the call to eternal life. 
 
 Feeeman Shaw was born in Sullivan township, Tioga county, November 28, 
 1843, and is a son of Daniel M. and Jane Shaw. After completing a common school 
 course, he settled down to work upon his father's farm, and has since devoted his at- 
 tention to agricultural pursuits. He makes a specialty of dairying, and is one of 
 the most successful and substantial citizens of the township. In polities, he is an 
 active worker in the Eepublican party, but refuses to accept or hold office of any 
 kind. He is a member of Mainesburg Lodge, 'No. 754, 1. 0. 0. F.; also of Maines- 
 burg Grange, Ko. 84, P. of H., and is one of the enterprising farmers of his native 
 township. 
 
 Charies Milton Shaw, eldest son of Daniel M. and Jane Shaw, was bom in 
 Eiehmond township, Tioga county, July 24, 1836, and was reared to manhood upon 
 his father's farm. In 1855 he started on a trip west, by way of the Great Lakes, and 
 located in Marquette county, Wisconsin. He remained in that section of the country 
 three years, and then returned home, via the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Pittsburg, 
 and thence overland. He settled down to farming, which occupation he has since 
 followed. He now makes a specialty of dairying, having at all times from fifteen to 
 twenty head of cattle on his farm. On December 29, 1859, Mr. Shaw married 
 Melissa E. Mabie, a daughter of Levi Mabie, of Sullivan township. Her father was 
 
1096 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a captain in the Seventieth New York regiment in the War of 1812. Eight children 
 were horn to this union, viz: Nettie E., hom April 23, 1861, who married S. A. 
 Smith, of Middlebiiry, November 22, 1882, and has two children, Maude E. and 
 Kalph M.; Bertha A., bom April 10, 1863, who married Fred Bryan, January 1, 1884, 
 and has one child, Eoss E.; Charles M., bom Febraary 22, 1866, who married Ada 
 Dewey, June 8, 1887, and has one child, Mabel; Elmer M., born May 14, 1870, who 
 married Florence Tiers, Jiine 17, 1891, and has two children, Archie N. and Oscax; 
 Archie E., bom November 15, 1872, and died January 15, 1881; Nellie E., bom 
 July 11, 1876, and died January 5, 1881; Leon G., born November 7, 1880, and 
 Homer E., October 28, 1883. Mr. Shaw and family attend the TJniversalist church, 
 and in politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. He is a charter member and one of the' 
 oldest living Past Grands of Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, 1. 0. 0. F., and is Worthy 
 Master of Sullivan Grange, No. 84, P. of H., to which Mrs. Shaw also belongs. 
 
 NoETHEOP Smith was bom in Fairfield county, Connecticut, May 4, 1819, and 
 was a son of Eufus and Eunice (Wilson) Smith, early settlers of Sullivan townshiu 
 Tioga county. The Smith genealogy runs as follows: John Smith came from 
 England and settled in Eidgefield, Connecticut. His sons were Ebenezer, Samml 
 and Thomas. The children of the last mentioned were Jonah, Hannafi, Jabes^, 
 Gideon, Isaac, Thomas and David. Deacon Thomas Smith, son of Thomas, was tlje 
 father of Gideon Smith, who married Sarah Benedict, and died February 7, 179&. 
 Their son Elijah, bom December 29, 1735, married Elizabeth Benedict, and reartd 
 seven children, viz: Elizabeth, Elijah, Elnathan, Timothy, Isaiah, Phoebe and MSt- 
 thew. The last was bom October 30, 1775, and married Abigail Benedict, who be- 
 came the mother of seven children, viz: Samuel B., Eufus, Polly, Phoebe A., Norto.- 
 rop, Timothy and Nancy. Eufus was born May 10, 1799, married Eunice Wilson, 
 and reared the following children: Northrop, Sarah, Abigail, Thomas, Amandk, 
 Solomon, Elizabeth, Nancy, Mary A., Timothy, Matthew and Eube. Eufus was for 
 many years a justice of the peace in Sullivan township, Tioga county. Northrop 
 Smith came to this county with his parents and became a prosperous farmer and mer- 
 chant. He was twice married. His first wife was Hannah J. Eoblyer. His second 
 wife was Sally A. Eoblyer, a daughter of Hiram Eoblyer. She was bom July 29, 
 1822, in Warwick, New York, and is the mother of nine children, viz: Lorena and 
 Diadama, both deceased; Mary E., Clarence A., Augusta, deceased; E. Bell, Joseph 
 N., Augustus B. and Mark S. Of these, Mary E., E. Bell, Joseph N. and Augustus 
 B. are physicians. In religion, Mr. Smith was a Methodist, and in politics, a Eepub- 
 lican. He served several terms as justice of the peace, and died on the old homestead 
 in Sullivan township. 
 
 Clabence a. Smith, eldest son of Northrop Smith, was born in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, December 7, 1852, and there obtained a common school educa- 
 tion. He followed farming in Sullivan until 1880, when he engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of lumber, at Elk Bun, Tioga county, in which business he still continues. 
 He is a mechanic and also a millwright by occupation. Mr. Smith was married 
 November 38, 1875, to Edith Smith, a daughter of A. G. Smith, and has six children, 
 viz: Louis N., Fred, Dana, Atchsee Marie, Helena and Joseph. In politics, Mr. 
 Smith is a Eepublican, has filled a number of local offices, and taies an active part 
 
BIOGHAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 1097 
 
 in public affairs. He and family are connected with the Methodist Episcopal church 
 at Elk Eun. 
 
 Joseph E. Beadford came from Bristol, Ehode Island, to Smithfield, Brad- 
 ford county, Pennsylvania, in 1822, and three years later removed to Columbia, 
 Bradford county, where he remained until 1830, when he settled in Eutland town- 
 ship, Tioga county. Subsequently returning to Columbia, he lived there until 1836, 
 when he located in Sullivan township. He passed the remaining years of his life 
 upon his farm in that township, dying in June, 1867. In May, 1822, Mr. Bradford 
 married Mary Monroe, of Portsmouth, Ehode Island, who bore him four children, 
 viz: Levi D., deceased; Mrs. Mary A. Smith, Daniel, a resident of Bradford county, 
 and Leonard J., a physician of Sullivan township. Mrs. Bradford died in February, 
 1842, and her husband remarried April 16, 1844, to Mary Merrill, of Bradford 
 county, who became the mother of two children: Mrs. Harriet E. Ashley, deceased, 
 dnd William H., who lives at Wayne, Nebraska. The mother died in June, 1855, and 
 Mr. Bradford subsequently married Harriet Gaylord, of Covington, Tioga county, 
 who is now a resident of Wellsboro. In politics, he was first a Whig and later a Ee- 
 publican. In religion, he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Leonard J. Bradford, physician and surgeon, was born in Eutland town- 
 ship, Tioga county, October 12, 1833. After obtaining a common school education, 
 he attended Troy Academy, and later entered Hahnemann Medical Institute, of Phil- 
 adelphia. In November, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Seventy- 
 first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was detailed to service in the Hospital Corps, 
 because of his knowledge of medicine. He was discharged in June, 1863, and then 
 entered Penn Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1865. The 
 same year he located in practice at Austinville, remaining there two years, and came 
 to Sullivan township, Tioga county, in 1867, where he has since been engaged in the 
 active duties of his profession. On September 1, 1875, Dr. Bradford married Alice 
 I. Dartt, of East Charleston, Tioga county, and has five children, named as follows: 
 Bayard G., Carl M., Leonard J., Joseph D. and Chauncey, all of whom axe living. 
 In politics, the Doctor is an unswerving Eepublican, and has served as school di- 
 rector several terms. He is a member of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, P. & A. M., of 
 Troy, also of the I. 0. 0. F., and both he and family are connected with the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, of Elk Eun. Dr. Bradford enjoys quite a lucrative practice, to 
 which he devotes his principal attention, but is also the owner of one of the finest 
 dairy farms in the county. 
 
 Marcus Strange was bom in Freetown, Massachusetts, December 24, 1798, 
 and was a son of Capt. Charles Strange. His grandfather, John Strange, Jr., was a 
 son of John Strange, Sr., a gTandson of Lot Strange, and a great-grandson of James 
 Strange, who came from Wales to Portsmouth, Ehode Island, in 1694, and the fol- 
 lowing year married Alice Sherman, of that place. Marcus was reared in his 
 native county, and in 1828 married Hannah Burt, of Berkeley, Massachusetts, who 
 bore him nine children, as follows: Esther, deceased; Mrs. Joanna Adams, deceased; 
 Marcus, a resident of Bradford county; Charles, deceased; Ezekiel, of Bradford 
 county; Mrs. Hannah Eichmond, of Mansfield; Joseph, of Sullivan township; Mrs. 
 Julia Eockwell, of Burlington, and Mrs. Ellen Burley, who resides in Bradford 
 county. In 1838 Mr. Strange and family located in Sullivan township, Tioga county. 
 
1098 HISTORY OF TIOGA COCTNTT. 
 
 Pennsylvania, where he purchased the farm now owned by his son Joseph. Here he 
 spent the remaining years of his life, dying May 20, 1852. His widow survived him 
 until November 27, 1889. Mr. Strange was a Democrat in polities, and in religion, 
 a member of the Baptist church. 
 
 Joseph Stkange was. born on the homestead farm in Sullivan township, Tioga 
 county, January 3, 1841, and is the fourth son of Marcus Strange. He attended the 
 public schools of his district during his boyhood years, and then settled down to 
 fanning, which business he has followed up to the present. He makes a specialty of 
 dairying, and keeps about twenty-iive head of cows. He owns a fine farm in Gray's 
 valley, and takes great pride in keeping it in the highest state of cultivation. 
 In politics, Mr. Strange is a Democrat, and is recognized as one of the substantial 
 farmers of his towliship. 
 
 Chaeles Sthange, second son of Marcus and Hannah Strange, wasborn in Free- 
 town, Massachusetts, March 9, 1835, and was about three yeajs old when his parents 
 came to Tioga county. He grew to manhood upon his father's farm in Sullivan town- 
 ship, attending the district schools until he was sixteen years of age, after which he 
 devoted his whole attention to farm work, which became his life vocation. Mr. 
 Strange was married to Marietta Cooley, a daughter of Norman Cooley, of Spring- 
 field, Bradford county, November 24, 1864. Seven children were the fruits of this 
 union, named as follows: Nellie D., born December 13, 1865, and died February 
 13, 1883; Mary E., born June 30, 1869, who married M. F. Eose, of Mansfield, August 
 6, 1889; Joseph N., born February 18, 1871, who married Jane Eose, October 17, 
 1893; Charles H., bom July 13, 1873; John C, May 28, 1875; Laura E., October 
 28, 1881, and Julia H., October 12, 1883. Mr. Strange was a member of the State 
 Eoad Baptist church, and also a "Worthy Past Master of Sullivan Grange, P. of 
 H. In politics, a stanch Eepublican, he served as justice of the peace for ten years, 
 and held several other minor offices. He died February 11, 1892. His widow is 
 living on the old homestead in Sullivan township. 
 
 Chaeles H. Steange, second son ot Charles Strange, was bom July 13, 1873, 
 on the homestead farm in Sullivan township. After completing a common school 
 education in his native township, he attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, 
 and later the Elmira Business College, since which time he has devoted his attention 
 to farming. He is an enthusiastic Eepublican; a member of the State Eoad Baptist 
 church, and is connected with Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, 1. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Bateman Moneoe was bom in Portsmouth, Ehode Island, March 2, 1815, and 
 from the age of thirteen until he was twenty-five, followed the occupation of market 
 gardener in Newport, Rhode Island. When twenty-five years old he left Ehode 
 Island and came to Sullivan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled upon 
 his present farm in 1840. At that time the land was covered with forest, but to-day 
 it is one of the finest farms in Sullivan township, made so through the energy and 
 untiring industry of Mr. Monroe. He has been married four times; In December, 
 1836, he married Hannah Dyer, of Newport, Ehode Island, who lived but ten months, 
 dying in October, 1837. In December, 1838, he married Jane Lay, of Columbia 
 county. New York, who became the mother of one daughter, now Mrs. Charlotte J. 
 Besley, of Bradford county. Mrs. Monroe died March 18, 1863, and July 30th 
 following, he married Susan Besley, of Troy, Bradford county, who survived until 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1099 
 
 October 26, 1885. Mr. Monroe was again married September 30, 1886, to Eliza 
 Ayers, a daughter of Abijali Ayers, of Mansfield, Tioga county. She died July 3, 
 1896. In polities, Mr. Monroe was a Democrat until 1856, when he became a Ee- 
 publican, since which time he has been an active supporter of that paxty. He has 
 served about thirty years as a school director, and twenty years as supervisor. He 
 is now the only living charter member of Troy Protestant Episcopal church, and 
 has been junior warden of that body many years. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. 
 F., and is Worthy Past Master of East Sullivan Grange, No. 831, P. of H., and was 
 a charter member of Grange No. 84, of Sullivan township. During the Eebellion 
 he was very active and prominent in raising money for the boys in blue, and did 
 all in his power to assist the government throughout those dark days of civil strife. 
 Mr. Monroe is one of the oldest citizens of Sullivan township, and boasts of the fact 
 that he owes no man a dollar. He is recognized as a man of strict honesty and 
 integrity, and is highly respected by the people of his adopted home. 
 
 Chaeles Smith came from Tompkins county, New York, about 1840, and 
 settled near Maiaesburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, purchasing a farm, upon which 
 he lived until his death, in October, 1885, aged eighty-six years. On September 
 10, 1833, he married Elizabeth Thomas, of Tompkins county, New York, to which 
 union were bom ten children, five of whom are living, viz: Thomas and Isaac, 
 both deceased; Jackson, Charles, deceased; George, Mrs. Mary Eumsey, Jonathan, 
 William, Jason and James, the last two deceased. The mother died in November, 
 1876, aged sixty-seven years. Mr. Smith was a Democrat until 1856, when he sup- 
 ported Fremont for the presidency, and ever after was an earnest Eepublican. He 
 held various offices in the township at different periods, and both he and family 
 were adherents of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Geohge Smith, fifth son of Charles and Elizabeth Smith, was bom in Jackson, 
 New York, December 39, 1833, and was in his eighth year when his paxents located 
 in Sullivan township, Tioga county. He attended the district schools of his town- 
 ship for about two months in each year until he was fourteen years old, when he 
 went to work on the farm. He was married March 1, 1853, to Mary Tiers, a daugh- 
 ter of Zopher Tiers, of Sullivan township, and has four daughters, viz: Josephine, 
 wife of C. H. DeWitt; Martha, wife of J. H. DeWitt; Mrs. Lydia Case, of Troy, 
 Bradford county, and Mrs. Ida Squires. In politics, Mr. Smith is a Democrat, and 
 the family attend the Mainesburg Methodist Episcopal church. He is a Worthy 
 Past Master, of East Sullivan Grange, No. 831, P. of H., and is a striking example 
 of what industry and energy can accomplish when properly directed. Commencing 
 life a poor boy, he is to-day the owner of four well-improved farms, and is recognized 
 as one of the substantial citizens of the township. 
 
 Caleb H. DeWitt was bom in New Jersey, in 1830, obtained but a limited 
 education, and was put to work on the farm in early boyhood. After attaining 
 manhood, he met and married Mary Alberts, a daughter of Peter Alberts, of Mon- 
 roe county, to which union were bom five sons, viz: Joseph H., W. F., John W., Cal- 
 vin H., and Horace C, deceased. The family came from Monroe county to Brad- 
 ford county, staying there about one year, and then removed to Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, in 1859, where the parents resided until death, the father dying in 
 October, 1880, and the mother May 31, 1894. They were members of Mainesburg 
 
1100 HISTORY 01? TIOGA COITNTY. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal ehtiTcli. In politics, Mr. DeWitt was a Democrat, but always 
 voted for the man he thought best fitted for the office. 
 
 Calvin H. DeWitt, fourth son of Caleb H. DeWitt, was born in Monroe 
 county, Pennsylvania, October 29, 1853, and was in his sixth year when his parents 
 located in Sullivan township, Tioga county. He attended the common schools, 
 and continued to work upon the homestead farm until 1873, in which year he 
 entered a store at Troy, Bradford county, where he remained about eighteen months. 
 He then returned to the farm, and followed fanning until 1890, when he was elected 
 county commissioner, in which office he served three years. During his term the 
 jail, court house and poor farm buildings were remodeled and fitted up with modem 
 conveniences. On N"ovember 30, 1873, Mr. DeWitt married Josephine Smith, a 
 daughter of George Smith, of Sullivan township, who has borne him six children, 
 viz: Pannie, George, Charles, Jennie, Ethel and Josie. The family are adherents 
 of Mainesburg Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, Mr. DeWitt is a Demo- 
 crat, and is also a member of the K. of P., of Wellsboro. He is one of the enterpris- 
 ing citizens of the county, and is held in high esteem by his friends and neighbors. 
 
 James Lay, youngest son of Edward Lay, was born at Sylvania, Bradford 
 county, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1837. He obtained a meagre education, and 
 became an apprentice in the tinning establishment of Tabor, Young & Company, 
 at Tioga, Tioga county, in 1854. After serving a full term, he began working as 
 a journeyman, which he followed a short time. On August 33, 1857, he married 
 Hannah Euggles, of Sullivan township, Tioga county, and located at what is now 
 known as Gray's Valley. Three children have been born to this union, all of 
 whom are living, viz: Orrin E., George L. and William G. Mr. Lay is a stanch 
 Eepublican, and has served as treasurer of his township for a number of years. He 
 and family are members of the Free Will Baptist church, to which he is a liberal 
 contributor. He is a Past Grand in Sylvan Lodge, No. 926, 1. 0. 0. P., of Sylvania; 
 is Worthy Past Master of East Sullivan Grange, No. 821, and is also a member of 
 the E. A. U. of Sylvania. 
 
 Oeein E. Lay, eldest son of James Lay, was bom in Sullivan township, Tioga 
 county, September 35, 1858, and was reared upon the homestead faxm. After 
 completing a common school education, he engaged in farming, which business he 
 has followed up to the present. On November 3, 1887, he married Emma C. 
 Squires, a daughter of Lafayette Squires, of Sullivan township, and has three 
 children: Sarah E., Mary H. and Esther L. Mr. Lay is an axdent Eepublican, 
 and is also a member of Sylvan Lodge, No. 936, I. 0. 0. P., of Sylvania, and of 
 East Sullivan Grange, No. 831, Patrons of Husbandry. Though one of the younger 
 farmers of the township, Mr. Lay stands high among his neighbors as a man of 
 energy and public spirit. 
 
 Geoege E. Stauffeb was bom in Frederick county, Virginia, July 30, 1834, 
 and when he was about six months old his parents moved to Frederick county, 
 Maryland. There he resided until the fall of 1854, when he went to Waynesbor- 
 ough, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and two years later located in Troy, Bradford 
 county, where he was employed in a hotel some three yeai"s. On June 1, 1859, he 
 moved to Sullivan township, Tioga county, where he was married February 7, 1863, 
 to Alice M. Dewey, a daughter of Sanford and Lorena Dewey. Mrs. Stauffer was 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1101 
 
 bom April 19, 1848, and became the mother of five children, as follows: Hamilton 
 S., Mack E., Maggie L., born December 12, 1873, married Merton G-. Rorabaugh, 
 fireman on the Pall Brook railroad, who died December 13, 1893, and his widow 
 resides in Mainesburg, engaged in the millinery business; John G. and Grace J., 
 twins, borii December 1, 1876, the former a farmer living in Mainesburg, and the 
 latter deceased. Mr. StaufCer moved to Mainesburg April 1, 1864, in which place 
 he carried on bl'acksmithing until a short time before his death. During the first 
 year of the war he served in Company C, Second Maryland Cavalry, as blacksmith, 
 and afterwards with Falkner's brigade. He was captured at Frederick City, Mary- 
 land, in June, 1863, but was paroled in September and returned home. Mr. Stauf- 
 fer was a member of the Disciples church of Mainesburg. In September, 1857, he 
 joined Madison Lodge, No. 466, I. 0. 0. P., of Pottstown; was one of the charter 
 members of Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, of the same society, and at the time of his 
 death was one of the oldest living Past Grands of said lodge. In politics, he was 
 a Democrat up to a recent date, but, during later years, he acted with the Prohibition 
 party. He served in the school board and council for many years. 
 
 Hamilton S. Statjffee, eldest son of George E. and Alice M. Stauffer, was 
 bom in Mainesburg, Tioga county, September 11, 1868. He attended the com- 
 mon schools in boyhood, and learned the blacksmith's trade with his father. For 
 a time he was a brakeman on the Fall Brook railroad, but not liking that calling 
 he returned to his trade and worked with his father and brother. Mack E., in Maines- 
 burg. Though formerly a Democrat, he is now a Prohibitionist. He has been 
 a member of the Democratic central committee, and has served as inspector of elec- 
 tion four years. Mr. Stauffer is a member of the Disciples church; is a Past Grand 
 in Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, 1. 0. 0. F., and is also a member of lUion Encamp- 
 ment, No. 335, of Sylvania. He has represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge 
 of Pennsylvania, and has alwaj's taken a deep interest in the I. 0. 0. F. society. 
 
 Mack E. Stattffee, son of George E. and Alice M. Stauffer, was bom in 
 Mainesburg, Tioga county, March 11, 1871, and was educated in the common 
 schools. In the fall of 1890 he went to Ellsworth county, Kansas, and worked on 
 a cattle ranch. In the winter of 1893 he returned to Mainesburg, entered his 
 father's shop and learned the blacksmith's trade, which he still follows. On 
 Febraary 3, 1893, he was married in Kansas, to Laura M. Kuntz. They have one 
 child, Gordon E. 
 
 James Lucas came from Bradford county, Pennsylvania, to Eichmond town- 
 ship, Tioga county, in 1856, and settled on the farm where he passed the remaining 
 years of his life. In 1831 he married Phoebe Bishop, of Tompkins county. New 
 York, who bore him nine children, as follows: Uriah, Mrs. Millieent Daney, Mrs. 
 Jane Greno, James, Mrs. Nancy Grandy, Furman, L. B., Mrs. Susan Clark, and 
 Theodosia Strong. Mrs. Grandy, Furman and L. B. are the only survivors. Mr. 
 Lucas was a carpenter, and in pursuit of that calling and in farming he secured a 
 competence. Originally a Democrat, he became a Eepublican prior to the war, and 
 voted that ticket until his death. He was a member of the Masonic order, affiliating 
 with the lodge at Troy. Mr. Lucas died August 14, 1859, and his wife, February, 
 15, 1876. 
 
1102 HISTOKY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 L. B. Lucas, son of James and Phoebe Lucas, was born in Wells township, 
 Bradford county, May 1, 1837. When seventeen yeaxs of age he went to learn 
 the blacksmith's trade with Van Loon, of Mainesburg, Pennsylvania. In 1858 he 
 located at Daggett Hollow, where he remained over two years, and then returned 
 to the old homestead, following agriculture in summer and his trad© in winter. In 
 1885 he started a shop in Mainesburg, where he has since devoted his entire atten- 
 tion to his trade. In March, 18C1, he married Adelaide Kumsey, of Sullivaa 
 township, to which union were bom five children, viz: Carrie and Malcolm, both 
 deceased; Mrs. Minnie Eeynolds, H. G. and J. C. The mother died September 
 5, 1870. Mr. Lucas was again married October 33, 1871, to Lois Tice, of Tioga 
 county, who has borne him three children, viz: Eva Clark, L. D. and Henry. In 
 politics, Mr. Lucas is a Prohibitionist, and has served in the council of Mainesburg, 
 and also as school director. He is a Past Grand of Mainesburg Lodge, No. 754, 
 I. 0. 0. F., and is also connected with Sylvania Encampment. Both he and wife 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Mainesburg. 
 
 Ebv. James A. James was bom at Swansea, Wales, April 35, 1860, and is a 
 son of James James. His parents died in AVales, and he has two sisters and one 
 brother who reside there. In his boyhood he attended the public school and Am- 
 minford Academy, and later entered Arnold College, at Swansea, from which 
 institution he graduated in the spring of 1884. He then attended Haverford West 
 Baptist Seminary, graduating in the spring of 1888, and was shortly afterwards 
 ordained pastor of Pisgah church, at which place he remained until the fall of 1889, 
 when he resigned this charge and made a tour of the principal cities of England. 
 In the spring of 1890 he crossed the Atlantic to Philadelphia, arriving in that city 
 about the middle of May. In 1891 he took charge of the Baptist church at Jermyn, 
 Lackawanna county, Pennsylvania, remaining there until the fall of 1893, when 
 he resigned to accept a call from the State Eoad Baptist church, in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, of which society he has since been pastor. The church has 
 prospered greatly under his administration, adding sixty-nine converts to its mem- 
 bership, and now numbers 164 members. Mr. James is a member of Mainesburg 
 Lodge, No. 754, I. 0. 0. P., and in politics, he is an unswerving Eepublican. 
 
 John A. Knipple, physician and surgeon, was bom in Bedford county, Penn- 
 sylvania, August 23, 1840, there attended the public schools in boyhood, and later 
 entered the Parish Medical College, of Philadelphia, graduating from that institu- 
 tion in 1860. He practiced in Altoona and vicinity until January, 1893, when he 
 located in Mainesburg, Tioga county, where he continued his professional duties 
 until his removal to Bellwood, Blair county, in the spring of 1897. 
 On September 6, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and was discharged because of disability, in February, 1863. He re- 
 enlisted Febmary 23, 1864, in Battery L, Third Heavy Artillery, and received his 
 final discharge November 9, 1865. He participated in the following battles: Bath, 
 Blue Gap, Eomney, Harper's Ferry, Cumberland Mountains, Winchester, Fredericks- 
 burg, Port Eoyal, Cross Keys, Mechanicsville, Peach Orchard, Cedar Mountain, 
 Haymarket, Second Bull Eun and Fairfax Court House. On December 25, 1860, 
 he married Martha Benton, a daughter of Jonathan Benton, of Bedford county, 
 to which union were bom seven children, viz: Jacob, Catherine, deceased; Grant, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1103 
 
 William, Frederick, Harvey E., deceased, and Julianetta. He married for his second 
 wife Nancy J. Wertz, a daughter of William Wertz, of Loop, Blair county, to which 
 union were born four children, viz: James Garfield, Ella E., deceased; Grace and 
 David. Mrs. Knipple died April 18, 1890. Dr. Knipple belongs to the Mennonite 
 church, and he is an ardent Prohibitionist, giving that party his support at all times. 
 He is a member of Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. K. 
 
 RUTLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Jesse Smith was one of the first settlers of Rutland township, Tioga county, 
 coining from Delaware county, New York, in the year 1808. He was compelled 
 to cut his way through the unbroken forest for several miles, as there were few 
 settlers in this section of Tioga county at that early day. He brought with him 
 his young wife, Annes, daughter of William Werden, of Delaware county. New York, 
 and together they shared the trials and hardships of a pioneer life. They were 
 the parents of twelve children, seven of whom are now living, viz: Morris, Mrs. 
 Margaret Ashley, who resides in Minnesota; John, Tristam, William, George W., a 
 resident of Missouri, and Warren. The deceased are Isaac, Mrs. Dolly Ann Wood, 
 Leviza, Silas and Jesse. Mr. Smith and wife were consistent members of Eutland 
 Hill Methodist Episcopal church, of which he was a class leader and trustee for 
 forty-five years. The first Methodist services in Tioga county were held in the 
 double-log house of Jesse Smith in the year 1813. The preacher came from Spring- 
 field, Bradford county, and afterwards held services at Lamb's Creek and Wellsboro, 
 making a circuit of the three charges. In early manhood Mr. Smith was an ardent 
 Democrat, later changed to a Whig, and when the Republican party was formed 
 he cast his fortunes with that organization. Mr. Smith died May 35, 1871, aged 
 eighty-six years, nine months and fifteen days. His wife died January 35, 1874, aged 
 eighty-five years, two months and nine days. 
 
 MoEEis Smith, second son and eldest living child of Jesse and Annes Smith, 
 was bom in Rutland township, Tioga county, April 13, 1809, and is the oldest living 
 inhabitant bom within the confines of the township. He has always followed agri- 
 culture, with the exception of a short period that he was engaged with his brother 
 John in the carpenter's business. On February 3, 1833, Mr. Smith married Matilda 
 Gaylord, a daughter of Elijah Gaylord, to which union were bom two children, viz: 
 Erastus, deceased, and Sanford, who has charge of his father's farm. Mrs. Smith 
 died June 16, 1872, and he was again married, December 10, 1873, to Emeline 
 Black, a daughter of John Black, of Steuben county, New York. He and wife are 
 adherents of Eutland Hill Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Smith has 
 been a trustee for about forty years. In early manhood he was a Democrat, but 
 became a Whig with his father, and is at present a firm believer in the principles 
 of the Republican party. At different times he has refused to accept offices tendered 
 him, believing he could serve his party better as a private citizen. 
 
 William Smith, fifth son of Jesse Smith, was bom in Rutland township, Tioga 
 county, October 3, 1818, grew to manhood in his native township, and has always 
 followed farming. On August 30, 1843, he married Dorothy Allen, to which union 
 were bom four children, named as follows: Mrs. Alzima Wood, Mrs. Susan Wilson, 
 Jesse and Mrs. Elizabeth Wheeler. Mrs. Smith died about 1855, and on March 1, 
 
]^']^Q4 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 1859, he married Eliza A. Loomis, a daughter of John Loomis. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Smith are members of Eutland Hill Methodist Episcopal church. He is a Jack- 
 sonian Democrat, an ardent supporter of the principles of his party, and is one of 
 the progressive citizens of his native township. 
 
 Eeynolds Sixbee was bom in Jefferson, Wisconsin, in the year 1819, and 
 about 1840 came east and settled in Bradford county, Pennsylvania. He found 
 employment with Major Daggett, whose daughter, Hannah, he married ia 1841, 
 and with his wife came on a sled into Eutland township, Tioga county, settling in 
 the midst of an unbroken forest. He erected a cabin and began clearing the place 
 now known as the Sixbee fai-m. In those days game was very abundant, and it was 
 a common thing for him to go out and shoot a deer or two before breakfast. He 
 had for playmates for his children five tame deer, two old ones and three fawns, 
 and he very frequently used these deer for the purpose of trapping wild ones. In 
 later years Mr. Sixbee worked at blacksmithing and lumbering in connection with 
 his farm duties. Of his seven children, two died in infancy, and five are living, 
 viz: Mrs. Emma Horton, of South Creek, New York; Mrs. Sadie Horton, of Mbjis- 
 field; Mrs. Delia Lebarron; Floyd, and Mrs. Belle McConnell, of Eutland township. 
 Mrs. Sixbee died February 11, 1893, and her husband, October 2, 1895. In religion, 
 he was a Methodist, and in politics, an earnest Eepublican. He was one of the 
 substantial citizens of Eutland township, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem 
 of his neighbors. 
 
 Ulysses Chambeelain was bom in Vermont, came to Tioga county in the 
 year 1850, and purchased the farm on which his widow now resides, in Eutland 
 township. He was for a short time engaged in Itimbering in Cameron county, but 
 the greater part of his life was passed upon his farm. In 1852 he married Char- 
 lotte Benson, a daughter of John Benson. Ten children were bom to this union, 
 nine of whom are living, viz: George, Thomas, John, Edward, David, Floyd, Charles, 
 Nathan and Frederick. Mr. Chamberlain was a Jaeksonian Democrat, and a stanch 
 supporter of Democratic principles. Though not a member of any church, he was 
 a diligent student of the Bible to the day of his death. 
 
 Floyd Chambeelain, sixth son of Ulysses Chamberlain, was bom in Eut- 
 land township, Tioga county, March 32, 1863. He attended the common schools 
 in boyhood, and later took charge of the homestead, which is now one of the finest 
 farms in Eutland township. Like his father, Mr. Chamberlain is a stanch Dem- 
 ocrat, but has firmly refused to accept office, though frequently tendered him. He 
 is one of the leading citizens of Eutland, and stands high in the community where 
 his whole life has been passed. 
 
 Laben L. Eockwell came from Bradford county, Pennsylvania, to Eutland 
 township, Tioga county, in 1853, and bought a farm on what is known as Pumpkin 
 Hill, where the remaining years of his life were spent. He was married in Brad- 
 ford county, January 15, 1831, to Mary Elliott, who bore him three children, viz: 
 Philander, Mrs. Clarinda Harkness and Mrs. Lavina Doud. Mrs. Eockwell died 
 September 14, 1838, and he was again married July 16, 1839, to Betsey Newell, 
 of Troy, Bradford county. Two .children were the fruits of this union, viz: Mrs. 
 Mary Webster, and Sarah, deceased. On September 18, 1833, the mother died, and 
 Mr. Eockwell subsequently married Nancy Wilson, a daughter of George Wilson, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1105 
 
 and sister of the late Judge S. F. Wilson, of Wellsboro. Five children were born to 
 this marriage, riz: Catherine and Eebecca, both deceased; Aletta, wife of Lafayette 
 Gray; Almira, deceased, and Laseelle, of Columbia, Bradford county. Mr. Eoek- 
 well died on his farm in Rutland township, December 34, 1854. His widow sur- 
 vived him until January 19, 1891. He was a stanch Eepublican, and the family 
 were members of the Baptist church, in which faith he lived and died. 
 
 J. Mack Swbelt, son of David Sweely, was bom in Susquehanna township, Ly- 
 coming county, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1853. He obtained a limited education in 
 the common schools, and was reared on a farm. On February 35, 1873, he married 
 Emma Knoor, a daughter of Dr. Knoor, of Clinton county. Ten children have 
 been bom to this union, named as follows: Leonard, Nellie, Maude, Theresa, Ellen, 
 Eose, Mable, Elsie, J. Mack, and one that died in infancy. The family are ad- 
 herents of the Baptist church at Eoseville. Mr. Sweely is a member of Job's 
 Corners Grange, No. 1110, Patrons of Husbandry, and is also the charter Sir 
 Knight Commander of Eutland Tent, No. 87, K. 0. T. M. Locating in Eutland 
 township, Tioga county, in 1879, he has since been engaged in farming, and now 
 makes a specialty of dairying, keeping at all times over forty head of cattle. In 
 politics, Mr. Sweely is an ardent Eepublican, and takes a deep interest in the suc- 
 cess of his party. 
 
 Benjamin A. Haeeis, son of Levi B. Harris, was born in LeEoy, Bradford 
 county, Pennsylvania, February 37, 1853. He attended the common schools of his 
 native place until 1866, when his parents removed to Waxrensville, Pennsylvania. 
 In 1868 he returned to LeEoy, where he learned the milling trade with his uncle, 
 Amos Harris. In 1879 he came to Eutland township, Tioga county, and in 1890 
 purchased the farm on which he now resides. He makes a specialty of dairying, 
 sheep raising and lumbering, and in the last four years he has manufactured and 
 disposed of over 3,500,000 shingles. On November 11, 1879, Mr. Harris married 
 Eosetta E. Colby, a daughter of James W. Colby, and has had one daughter, Nettie 
 May, bom December 17, 1880, and died January 37, 1884. Mr. Harris is an ardent 
 Eepublican, in polities, and is a charter member of Eutland Tent, No. 87, K. 
 0. T. M. 
 
 Eev. John C. Ceotttheb was born in Dutchess county. New York, November 
 34, 1859, son of Joseph and Hannah Crowther. He received a common school edu- 
 cation. When about seventeen years of age, he commenced evangelistic work, and 
 continued in the same for about fifteen years, in and about New York. He took 
 work in the Methodist Episcopal Conference, Elmira district, and was assigned to 
 Millerton, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in which place he had gratifying success. 
 He was next assigned to the circuit comprising the Methodist Episcopal churches 
 at Eoseville, Eutland Hill, and Lawrence Corners, all within the boundaries of 
 Tioga county. During his pastorate the church at Eoseville has nearly doubled 
 its membership, gaining 140 converts in the past two years. Mr. Crowther has 
 also erected a neat parsonage and bam at Eoseville, and both spiritually and ma- 
 terially his charge is to-day in a flourishing condition. On August 3, 1883, he 
 was married at Seymour, Connecticut, to Hattie E. Hickox, a daughter of Samuel 
 Hiekox, and a grand-daughter of Eev. Samuel Hickox, who preached the first ser- 
 mon in the Methodist Episcopal church at Waterbury, Connecticut. Two children 
 blessed this union, Fannie May, and Charles L., the latter deceased. After being 
 70 
 
23^06 HISTOEY OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 an invalid for eleven years, Mrs. Crowther died February 9, 1895. Mr. Crowther was 
 again married February 11, 1896, to Lena Walters, a daughter of John Walters, of 
 Mansfield. 
 
 HiKAM Johns was born in Sullivan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1832. His father, Seely Johns, came from Massachusetts to Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, about 1826, and spent the remaining years of his life in this county. 
 He had a family of nine children, as follows: Sanford, James an,d Hiram, both de- 
 ceased; Sylvia, wife of W. A. Eockwell; William, Moses and Seely, all of whom are 
 dead; John B., a resident of Missouri, and Charles, who lives in Mansfield, Tioga 
 county. Hiram Johns married Theresa Morehouse, a daughter of T. W. and A. M. 
 Morehouse, of Jersey City, !N"ew Jersey, to which union was born one son, Thomas 
 W. During the war period, Mr. Johns was superintendent of schools of Tioga 
 county. He later removed to Lamed, Kansas, where he practiced law until his 
 death. 
 
 Thomas W. Johns was bom in Williamsport, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, 
 June 27, 1869, and is the only child of Hiram Johns. He obtained a good com- 
 mon school education, and afterwards attended Alfred University. He then went 
 to Lamed, Kansas, where he studied law with his father, and was admitted to the 
 bar in April, 1893. For a short time he practiced at Hutchison, Kansas, and returned 
 to Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in July, 1893. In April, 1894, he removed to Eut- 
 land township, Tioga county, and has since resided on a farm. Mr. Johns is a 
 strong Eepublican, and a man of enterprise and public spirit. He makes the 
 growing of poultry and fruit a specialty, and devotes his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 Collins W. Sopee was a native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where his 
 parents were among the early settlers. His mother, during a trip to Elmira on 
 horseback, was pursued and driven into a deserted house by a pack of wolves, and 
 kept there all one bitter cold night. Soon after daybreak the following morning 
 help arrived and she was enabled to proceed on her journey, not much the worse 
 of her adventure, except for being nearly frozen. This incident illustrates the 
 trials and hardships of pioneer life. When quite young, Collins W. attended school 
 at Southport, New York, intending to enter a profession, but before he had com- 
 pleted his studies he was called home by his father to take charge of the farm. 
 Mr. Soper possessed a natural' tact for acquiring and saving, was very successful, 
 and divided among his sons over 500 acres of land. He married Didamia Harris, 
 a native of Vermont, and reared five sons, viz: Elwyn, Walter, Ward B., Llewellyn 
 and Morton. Mr. Soper was a stanch Democrat, filled several township offices at 
 different periods, and served one term as county commissioner of Bradford coimty. 
 He died December 33, 1893, aged seventy-six years. His wife survivd him until 
 September 35, 1895. 
 
 Waed B. Sopee was bom in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, about 100 rods 
 east of where he now lives, April 16, 1852, and is the third son of Collins W. Soper.. 
 He attended the district schools in boyhood, and later engaged in farming, working at 
 the mason's and painter's trades at intervals. On December 1, 1880, he married 
 Isadore Sharpe, a daughter of Lewis Sharpe, of Orange county. New York, and has 
 two adopted children, Laura May and Clara Belle, daughters of John B. Clark. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1107 
 
 Mr. Soper and wife attend the Baptist church of Roseville, and, like his father, 
 he is an ardent Democrat. He has never held an office or belonged to any secret or- 
 ganization, and is one of the progressive farmers of the township. 
 
 CHAPTER LXY. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Covington Tov^nship and Borough— The Blossbueg Coal Region— Liberty 
 AND Union Tovtnships— Morris Tov^nship. 
 
 Aaron Bloss, the foimder of Blossburg, was a native of Killingby, Connec- 
 ticut, born May 29, 1775. His father, Samuel Bloss, was a great-grandson of Ed- 
 ward Bloss, who came from England to America about 1630. Aaron came from Che- 
 nango coimty. New York, to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in July, 1801, and was one 
 of the first settlers of Covington township. Thef oUowing year he removed to "Peter's 
 Camp," a station on the Williamson road, now the site of Blossburg, where he erected 
 a house in which he conducted a hotel until 1830. In that year he built a larger 
 hotel and continued the business up to 1835, when he returned to Covington, and 
 died March 24, 1843. Mr. Bloss married Ruah Lownsbery, to whom were born 
 nine children. Four of these grew to maturity, as follows: Everett W., Lloyd, 
 Eliza and Caroline. Mrs. Bloss died April 17, 1839, aged sixty-seven years. Mr. 
 Bloss was a man of strong common sense, great determination and courage, an expert 
 woodsman and hunter, patient, shrewd and far-seeing. Such was the pioneer 
 of Covington and Blossburg, the first man to settle in the unbroken wilderness 
 then covering this section of the county. 
 
 Everett Winter Bloss was born in Whitestown, Oneida county. New York, 
 September 20, 1800, eldest son of Aaron Bloss. He was reared at Blossburg, Tioga 
 county, and in youth became an expert hunter. In early manhood he spent some 
 time at the carpenter's trade, and also worked at shoemaking. In 1839 he removed 
 from Blossburg to a farm on the river, a short distance above Covington, and five 
 years later located on the present Bloss farm, where he purchased 120 acres of 
 forest land, upon which he passed the remaining years of his life, engaged in clearing 
 and improving the property. He died September 29, 1882, aged eighty-two years, 
 at the home of J. D. Burr, in Blossburg. He married Lydia Walker, a daughter 
 of Isaac Walker, who bore him five children, as follows: Julia E., wife of Joseph 
 Husted, of Covington township; Josephine M., deceased wife of William Singer- 
 land; Randolph P., who died on the old homestead; Warren W., deceased, and 
 Clara A., wife of John Everett, of Covington. Mrs. Bloss was born in New Hamp- 
 shire, May 27, 1807, and died in Covington, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Clara 
 A. Everett, September 16, 1887. 
 
1108 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Eandoiph F. Bloss, eldest son of Everett Winter Bloss, and grandson of Aaron 
 Bloss, was born in Blossburg, Tioga comity, September 6, 1830, and was nine years 
 old when his parents removed to Covington township. In 1855 he married Mary 
 Peritor, a native of Ireland, who bore him two children, viz: Edie E., born August 
 8, 1861, who married J. D. Burr, of Blossburg, and died August 14, 1895, and Myrtle 
 E., born April 5, 1867, who from early womanhood was a great sufferer from spinal 
 disease, and died February 1, 1895. Both were earnest Christian women. Mr. 
 Bloss was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics, a Eepublican. 
 He died on the homestead in Covington township, October 3, 1896, aged sixty-six 
 years. 
 
 Datid Clemons is acknowledged to have opened the first coal mine on Bear 
 creek, at Blossburg, early in the present century, hauling an occasional load of coal 
 overland to Painted Post. He was bom on the banks of Lake Champlain, in Ver- 
 mont, a son of Thomas demons, and received a good education. In eaxly life he 
 followed school teaching, and married a Miss Mallory, who died in Vermont in 
 1803, leaving three children, Camelia, Colbum and Alanson. In 1806 he came to 
 Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and settled about three miles above the site of Cov- 
 ington borough, on the farm now owned by W. J. Eichards. Soon after locating 
 here he married Euth Eeynolds, also a native of Vermont, who became the mother 
 of five children, viz: "William, deceased; Susan, who lives with her sister, Mrs. 
 Ames, in Covington township; Cuyler, deceased; Eoxanna, widow of Horatio W. 
 Ames, and James, a retired farmer of Covington township. Besides operating ia 
 coal to some extent, Mr. demons also cleared and improved a small farm, upon 
 which he resided until his death, in 1833. 
 
 Alanson Clbmons, youngest child of David demons' first marriage, was bom 
 in Vermont, April 3, 1803, and was but three years old when his father located in 
 the forest then covering Covington township. He remained with his father until 
 twenty-three years of age, when he bought a farm west of the river, on the present 
 Copp Hollow road, where he cleared and improved some 200 acres, being one of the 
 successful farmers of the community. He married Luthania, a daughter of John 
 Copp, who became the mother of ten children, as follows: Sally A., widow of An- 
 drew J. Clark, of Iforth Dakota; Lucy, deceased wife of G. M. Butler, of Covington 
 township; Thomas, a resident of Blossburg; Holland, George and David, all farmers 
 in Covington township; Orrin, who died in infancy; Laumon, a contractor of Bloss- 
 burg, and Nelson N. and William S., farmers of Covington township. Mr. Clemens 
 and wife were earnest workers in the Christian church. He died February 3, 
 1867, and his wife, October 17, 1880. 
 
 Holland Clemons, second son of Alanson demons, and grandson of David 
 demons, the pioneer, was born in Covington township, Tioga county, August 10, 
 1834, and is one of the prominent and successful farmers of his native township. 
 He remained on the homestead farm until twenty-one years of age, and then bought 
 fifty-six acres of his present place, to which he has since added, until he is now the 
 owner of 132 acres of well-improved land. On April 17, 1858, he married Martha 
 Walker, a daughter of Lewis Walker. She was bom in the Frost settlement, June 
 27, 1830, and is the mother of two children, viz: Frank L., bom February 14, 1862, 
 who died March 29, 1891, leaving a widow, Mrs. Ida (Ely) Clemons; and Mary I., 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1109 
 
 wife of W. H. Olney, of Mansfieldj who has three children, Charles H., Frank L. 
 and Dee H. Frank L. demons was educated at WeUsboro, graduating in the class 
 of 1881, and was soon after appointed deputy sheriff. He served in that ofBce eight 
 months, after which he taught two terms in the home school, and then became 
 principal of the Covington graded school. He subsequently became book-keeper 
 and paymaster of the Cedar Eun Tanning Company, at Leetonia, and two years 
 later store manager. He had been promised the appointment of superintendent 
 of the Leetonia plant, but death cut short his promising career. Mrs. Holland 
 demons is a member of the Church of Christ. In politics, Mr. demons is a Ke- 
 publican, has filled the offices of treasurer, school director, assessor and supervisor 
 in Covington township, and is also a member of the Grange. 
 
 Isaac Walker, a native of Shirley, Massachusetts, was bom March 18, 1767^ 
 a son of Samuel and Mary (Stratton) Walker. His father was bom in Massachusetts, 
 August 30, 1721, and was a son of Seth and Eleanor (Chandler) Walker, a grand- 
 son of Joseph and Sarah (Wyman) Walker, and great-grandson of Samuel Walker, 
 who came from England to America in 1630, with his father, Capt. Eichard Walker, 
 also a native of England, and the founder of this branch of the Walker family in 
 America. Isaac was reared in his native place, and married Polly Porter, of Charles- 
 ton, New Hampshire. They located at Langdon, New Hampshire, where eleven 
 children were bom to them, as follows: Eoyal, Isaac, Polly, Asahel, Stratton, 
 Luther, Lewis, Eoswell, Lydia, James and Cynthia. Of these Isaac, Asahel, Eoswell 
 and Cynthia removed from Covington to Illinois. In 1813 Isaac Walker and family 
 came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and located on what is now the Charles How- 
 land farm, in Covington borough. Here he passed the remaining years of his life> 
 dying July 25, 1839. His wife died March 24, 1847, at the ripe age of seventy- 
 eight years. They were among the first settlers of Covington, and their descendants 
 are among the leading and respected people of the community which they helped to 
 found. 
 
 EoTAL Walker, eldest son of Isaac Walker, was born at Langdon, New Hamp- 
 shire, January 14, 1796, and was seventeen years old when the family came to Tioga 
 county. He married Eachel Johnson, of Bradford county, and resided on the farm 
 settled by his father during the remainder of his life. To Eoyal and Eachel Walker 
 were bom eight children, all of whom are dead, viz: Samuel S., for forty-six years 
 an engineer on the Erie railroad; Eliza, deceased wife of Charles Howland, of 
 Covington; William, who died in Australia; James P., a conductor on the Erie 
 railroad for many years; Henry E., a fireman on the same road, who was killed in 
 a wreck; Elmina, Elvina and Zilphia. Mr. Walker died at Covington October 16, 
 1875, in which place his wife had died August 30, 1842. 
 
 Stratton Walker, fifth child of Isaac Walker, was bom in Langdon, New 
 Hampshire, July 14, 1801, and came with his parents to Tioga county in boyhood; 
 He was reared in Covington, and subsequently purchased a tract of timber land 
 adjoining the farm of his brother, Lewis, with whom he made his home while 
 clearing and improving his property. He was a sufferer from curvature of the 
 spine, and consequently never married. He spent his later life with his nephew, 
 Lewis E. Walker, to whom he had rented his farm, and died Febrtrary 14, 1880, in 
 his seventy-ninth year. 
 
1110 HISTOET OF TIOGA C0T7NTT. 
 
 Lewis Walkee, seventh child of Isaac Walker, was horn at Langdon, New 
 Hampshire, December 15, 1803, came with his parents to Tioga county, and re- 
 mained working on the home farm until he was twenty-three years old. He then 
 bought 100 acres of timber land two miles east of CoTington borough, and building 
 thereon a rude cabin, he took up his residence on his purchase and began the work 
 of clearing and improviag it. Mr. Walker became a well-known and successful 
 farmer, a good business man and a highly respected citizen. December 14, 1826, he 
 married Isabel Butler, of Vermont, who shared with him the trials and hardships of 
 pioneer life. They became the parents of ten children, named as follows: Elizabeth, 
 deceased wife of Charles Jaquish; Emmeline, deceased wife of J. G. Noble; Martha, 
 wife of Holland demons, of Covington township; Olive, wife of Charles Marvin, 
 of Bradford county; Lewis E., of Covington township; Ellis, who died at the age of 
 two years; Isaac D., who died at NashviUe, Tennessee, July 37, 1864, while a 
 soldier in the Union army; Mary J., wife of Benajah Wilcox, of Coming, New 
 York; James, who died in Andersonville Prison during the Eebellion, and Milton 
 R., who lives on a part of the old homestead. In politics, Mr. Walker was a Demo- 
 crat, and in religion, both he and wife were members of the Christian church. He 
 died June 17, 1870, and his wife, December 23, 1876. 
 
 Lewis Eandall Walkee, oldest son of Lewis and Isabel (Butler) Walker, 
 was bom on the homestead farm in Covington township, Tioga county, December 
 1, 1834. He received a common school education, and remained with his parents 
 until 1861, when he began for himself on a rented farm. In the autumn of 1862 he 
 located on his present farm, then owned by his uncle, Stratton Walker, where he 
 has since been engaged in general farming. On December 26, 1860, Mr. Walker 
 married Arvilla Wilcox, a daughter of John H. Wilcox. She was bom in Delmar 
 township, May 28, 1842, and became the mother of nine children, as follows: Henry 
 E., a tinsmith, residing in Coming; James A., a hardware merchant of WoodhuU, 
 New York; Isaac D., a farmer of (ribson, New York; O'ra J., a farmer of the same 
 place; Eva A., wife of Ealph VanKeuren, of Gibson; Lewis S., who died in child- 
 hood; Earl S., a teacher in New York state; Martha A., who is employed in the 
 State Normal School, at Mansfield, and Alfred G., who lives in Gibson. Mrs. 
 Walker was an active member of the Christian church. She died March 14, 1882. 
 Mr. Walker was again married February 24, 1883, to Louisa Miller, a daughter of 
 Isaac Miller, of Potter county, who bore him four children, viz: Porter N., Mary 
 E., Jessie Q. and Eandall C. Mrs. Walker died on August 21, 1894. She was a 
 consistent member of the First Baptist church of Covington. For twenty years Mr. 
 Walker was a member of the I. 0. 0. P. Politically, he is a Eepublican, and has 
 held most of the township offices at different periods. 
 
 Milton E. Walkee, youngest child of Lewis and Isabel Walker, was bom 
 on his present farm in Covington township, June 14, 1846, and has spent his entire 
 life upon the homestead, which contains seventy-four acres and is well-improved. 
 May 4, 1872, he married Hannah M. Wilcox, a daughter of Benajah Wilcox. She was 
 bom August 30, 1850, and is the mother of five children, as follows: Cora M., 
 William J., Lewis, Isabel and Hannah M. Mrs. Walker is a member of the Christian 
 church. In politics, he is a Democrat, and has served three years as school director 
 and one year as treasurer of the school board. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. HH 
 
 James Walkee, youngest son of Isaac Walker, was bom at Langdon, New 
 Hampshire, April 33, 1809, and was only four years old when the family settled in 
 Covington township, where he attended school in the pioneer log building of that 
 locality. After attaining manhood he purchased a small farm, and also worked 
 in a sash and blind factory at Covington for a few years. He later took up the car- 
 penter's trade, and subsequently sold his property in Covington and bought a 
 farm in the eastern part of Covington township, which he afterwards disposed 
 of and moved to Blossburg, where lie was employed for about twenty years as 
 foreman of the carpenter department in the shops of the Tioga Eailroad Company. 
 In 1884 he retired from active labor, and resided with his son, Delos H., up to his 
 death, July 18, 1887. Mr. Walker married Eliza Hazleton, a daughter of Dr. John 
 Hazleton, of Townsend, Vermont, who bore him three children, viz: Delos H., 
 of Covington township; Roswell A., who died at Belle Plains, Virginia, December 
 9, 1863, while a soldier in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-second Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, and Mary A., wife of Alfred T. James, of Philipsburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Mrs. Walker died at the home of her son, Delos H., January 35, 1885. 
 
 Delos Hazleton Walkee, oldest child and only living son of James and 
 Eliza Walker, was bom in Covington, Tioga county, November 35, 1835. He' 
 obtained a good common school education, commenced teaching when nineteen 
 years of age, and taught seven winter terms. When twenty-one years old he 
 rented a farm in Covington township, on which he resided up to 1863, and then 
 went to Morris Eun, where he was employed for ten years by the Morris Run Coal 
 Company, first as weighmaster, and later as book-keeper. In the autumn of 1873 
 he moved to Wellsboro, and in December following he was appointed deputy 
 sheriff, by Sheriff Bowen. In the fall of 1876 he was elected sheriff, on the Re- 
 publican ticket, with which party he has always affiliated, and served a full term. 
 In the spring of 1880 he removed to a farm in Covington township, three miles 
 southwest of Covington, which he had purchased during his residence in Morris 
 Eun. It contains 130 acres of well-improved land, and he also owns 180 acres of 
 timber land in the same township. He has since devoted his principal attention to 
 general farming, and is one of the leading agriculturalists of this section of the 
 county. Mr. Walker was married June 9, 1860, to Julia A. Frost, a daughter of 
 Lyman Frost, who came from Tioga county. New York, at an early day and located 
 in Covington township, the locality being now known as the "Frost Settlement," 
 where he engaged in the lumber business. Mr. Frost married Hannah TJfford, who 
 bore him eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity, viz: Asal V., of Wis- 
 consin; Ruel, of Nevada; Nathaniel, who lives in Minnesota; Keziah, wife of 
 M. C. Seely, of Washington; Nancy, wife of Horman Allen, of Missouri; Julia 
 A., wife of D. H. Walker; Sarah, wife of A. M. Whittaker, of Kansas; Maa7, de- 
 ceased wife of Arthur Goodspeed, of Mansfield; Jane, wife of S. D. Cudworth, of 
 Missouri, and Lyman, a resident of the same State. Mrs. Frost died in Mirabile, 
 Missouri, April 33, 1885, and her husband, in the same place, August 7, 1896, at 
 the ripe age of ninety-one years. Mrs. Walker was bom June 38, 1839, and is 
 the mother of five children, viz: Maud Lillian, and Bertie Roswell, both of whom 
 died in infancy; Houston Frost, principal of the Blossburg schools; Bertha May, 
 wife of Oliver F. Kelley, of Coming, and Lyman James. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are 
 
1112 HISTOBY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 members of the First Baptist church of Covington. He has always taken a promi- 
 nent part in public affairs, has fiUed the offices of school director, auditor and town- 
 ship clerk, and is a member of the K. of H. 
 
 Samuel Pbost, a native of Massachusetts, bom April 7, 1781, was a successful 
 farmer and lumberman. He married Keziah Edson, and reared a family of eleven 
 children, viz: Lucy, Hiram, Lyman, Julia, Calvin, Ashbel, Samuel, Betsey, James, 
 Stilhnan and EHas, the last three of whom were bom in Tioga county, New York. 
 Of this family, Lyman, Calvin, Samuel, James and Elias, all located at or near what 
 is now known as the "Frost Settlement" and have left numerous descendants in 
 this section of the county. 
 
 Elias Fkost, youngest son of Samuel Frost, was bom in Tioga county. New 
 York, February 19, 1833. When he was sixteen years old he went to work on his 
 own account, and after arriving at manhood bought a farm in the Frost settlement. 
 Nine years later he sold this property and in the fall of 1856 purchased 133 acres in 
 Kichmond township, where he has since resided. In 1847 he married Elizabeth 
 Bryant, a daughter of David Bryant, of Eichmond township, who bore him six 
 children, as follows: Adaline, deceased; Harvey, a resident of Eichmond township; 
 "Samuel S., of Covington township; Ameda, deceased; Adeloa, wife of Burt Mudge, 
 o'f Covington, and Arthur, a farmer of the same township. 
 
 Samuel S. Fkost, a son of Elias Frost, and grandson of Samuel Frost, was bora 
 in the Frost settlement, Tioga county, July 38, 1850, and attended the common 
 schools in boyhood. When nineteen years of age he began working out as a farm 
 hand, which he continued up to his twenty-fourth year, when he and his brother, 
 Harvey, bought a farm. A year later he sold his interest in this property, and 
 in April, 1874, purchased fifty acres of his present farm. In October, 1883, he 
 bought an additional sixty acres, and in April, 1888, fifty acres more, and now 
 owns a well-improved property of 160 acres. Mr. Frost was married March 30, 
 1873, to Dorcas M. Kiley, a daughter of John Kiley. She was born on December 
 30, 1853, and is the mother of four children, viz: Walter E., Stella M., John S. and 
 Earl J. Mrs. Frost is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, 
 a stanch Eepublican, Mr. Frost has filled the office of school director for the past 
 five years and was treasurer of the school board for three years. He is one of the 
 enterprising farmers of his native township. 
 
 Ephbaim B. GrEBOULD was bom in Newtown, Connecticut, January 14, 1788, 
 a son of Jabez and Demaris (Bennett) Gerould. His father was born in Wrentham, 
 Massachusetts, November 1, 1748, and was a son of Gamaliel and Eebecca (Law- 
 rence) Gerould, and a grandson of Dr. Jacques Gerould, a silk manufacturer of 
 France, who came to America in 1685 and finally located in Medfield, Massachusetts. 
 Jabez Gerould was a soldier in the Eevolution, and subsequently followed black- 
 smithing in Newtown, Connecticut, whence he removed to Franklin, New York, in 
 1798. In 1801 he located in East Smithfield, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he died on June 13, 1803. His wife, Demaris, survived until March 30, 
 1839. Their children were Jerusha, James, Susanna, Ephraim B., George, Ziba, 
 Jabez L., Abel J. and Theodore. Ephraim B. was thirteen years old when the 
 family settled in Bradford county. There he grew to manhood and married Eliz- 
 abeth Foster, who bore him one son, Theodore Clark. She died on August 11; 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1113 
 
 1824, and soon afterwards Mr. Gerould came to Tioga county and bought a large 
 farm in Covington township. He subsequently married Christiana Putnam, a 
 daughter of Thomas Putnam, who became the mother of three children, viz: Henry 
 M., Otis G. and Maria E. Mr. Gerould was a prominent and successful man, and 
 was actively engaged in merchandising, lumbering and farming. He was also a 
 surveyor, and agent for the Bingham lands in this section of the county. He was 
 an earnest worker in the Baptist church, and in politics, a stanch Democrat. He 
 filled the oflBce of postmaster for a period, and was a brigade inspector in tlie militia.- 
 He died on April 22, 1845, and his wife, Christiana, October 23, 1871. She also was 
 an active and zealous worker in the Baptist church, and it was through her faith- 
 fully carrying out the plans of her husband, after his death, that the Baptist church 
 edifice was erected. 
 
 Otis Gibson Geeould, ex-treasurer of Tioga county, was bom in the borough 
 of Covington, Tioga county, December 17, 1830, and grew to manhood in his native 
 township. He obtained a good education, and adopted farming as his life vocation. 
 In November, 1861, he enUsted in Company L, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and 
 was made commissary sergeant. In 1862 he was promoted to battalion commissary 
 sergeant, and served in that capacity until September 9, 1863, when he rejoined his 
 company with the rank of first sergeant, and participated in all of its battles up to 
 October 13, 1864, when he was wounded near Eome, Georgia. He was confined 
 in hospital until March, 1865, when he rejoined his company with the rank of 
 first lieutenant, and was honorably discharged at Macon, Georgia, in August, 1865. 
 Eeturning to his home he resumed farming, which he continued up to 1880. In 
 1889 he ■B;as elected county treasurer, and filled the office three years. He has also 
 been a justice of the peace for ten years, and has filled the offices of school director, 
 member of council, high constable, street commissioner and collector of taxesj 
 as well as that of burgess of Covington. Mr. Gerould was married January 13, 
 1855, to Mary, a daughter of John Seamon, of Ithaca, New York, to which union 
 have been born seven children, viz: Putnam B., a glass worker, of Covington; 
 Otis, a book-keeper and farmer, who lives in California; Adah, who died at the age 
 of six years; Effie, a kindergarten teacher in Cleveland, Ohio; Belle, wife of Herbert 
 L. Bloom, of Wellsboro; Christiana, wife of Edgar E. VanCampen, and James N. 
 a glass worker, of Kane, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Gerould are members of the 
 First Baptist church, and in politics, he is a Eepublican. He has been a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. P. since 1856, and was district deputy for eight years. He is also 
 connected with the U. V. L. and the G. A. E., in both of which he takes an active 
 interest. 
 
 Timothy Knovtlton was one of the early pioneer settlers of Sulli- 
 van township, Tioga county, where he located as early as 1812, pur- 
 chasing 300 acres of land four miles east of Covington, the present 
 townships of Covington, Eichmond and Sullivan cornering on his farm. 
 He was bom in Mason, New Hampshire, July 2, 1788, a son of Henry 
 and Sybil (Wright) Knowlton, and came from New Hampshire to Tioga county. 
 At that time Sullivan tovmship was covered by the primitive forest, with here and 
 there a clearing and a rude log cabin. Mr. Knowlton was then unmarried, and his 
 sister Eunice kept house for him five years. He went bravely to work to make 
 
1114 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 a home, the forest gradually yielded to his sturdy industry, and cultivated fields 
 took its place. His entire life in this county was spent in the peaceful pursuits 
 of agriculture. On January 6, 1820, he married Polly Pitts, a daughter of Hanover 
 and Mollie (Cudvrorth) Pitts, pioneers of Sullivan township. She became the 
 mother of ten children, as follows: Polly M., deceased wife of Hosea Kennedy; 
 Benjamin P., of Shippen township; John C, of Eichmond township; Andrew J. 
 and Charles W., both deceased; Caroline M., widow of Isaiah Blackburn; Eliza J., 
 deceased wife of Frank Vanvalin; Mary A., deceased wife of Lyman Hakes; Leander, 
 who died in infancy, and Hanover Pitts, of Covington township. Mr. Knowlton 
 lived on his farm in Sullivan up to 1865, when he went to Vineland, New Jersey, 
 and made his home with his daughter, Mrs. Vanvalin, until his death, August 16, 
 1868. Mrs. Knowlton survived her husband nearly nineteen years, and died at 
 the home of her daughter, Mrs. Blackburn, in Eichmond township, Tioga county. 
 May 30, 1887. 
 
 Hanovee Pitts Knowlton, youngest child of Timothy Knowlton, was born 
 in Sullivan township, Tioga county, December 19, 1838, and was educated in the 
 common schools of his district. When twenty years of age he went to Tioga and 
 opened a meat market, remaining in that business one year. He theh purchased 
 a farm of seventy-two acres in Delmar township, upon which he lived until the 
 spring of 1866, when he removed to Mansfield and engaged in merchandising. He 
 continued in that business twenty months, at the end of which period he removed to 
 a farm in Sullivan township. He later engaged in the meat business, and then 
 bought a farm in the Frost settlement, on which he has since lived. He is the 
 owner of two farms in Covington, embracing 110 acres, and also owns thirty acres 
 of timber land in Sullivan township. After locating in Covington, he followed the 
 meat business for a period, but has since devoted his whole attention to general 
 farming and dairying, being also the owner of a steam thresher. Mr. Knowlton 
 was married January 7, 1860, to Sarah E., a daughter of Leonard Phillips, of Sul- 
 livan township, where she was born on February 23, 1839. Eight children have 
 blessed this union, as follows: Julia M., widow of E. L. Smith, of Jersey City, New 
 Jersey; Eliza L., wife of D. "W. Williams, of Colorado; Carrie M., wife of Nelson 
 Whitteker, of Eichmond township; Leonard J., principal of the High School, 
 Butte, Montana; Matthew S., also a teacher; Sadie L., wife of Daniel Burnside, 
 of Silverton, Colorado; Hanover W., and Ethel L., both of whom live with their 
 parents. In politics, Mr. Knowlton is an ardent Democrat, has served three years 
 as school director, and is an active member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 John Jaquish was bom in New York City, June 17, 1754. His father, a 
 native of England, was a sea captain, whose home was in New York, and was finally 
 lost at sea, though it is supposed that he was murdered by Captain Kidd, the 
 notorious pirate. When John was fourteen years old he was bound out to learn 
 the harness-maker's trade, and at the breaking out of the Eevolution he enlisted 
 and served throughout the war. He was afterwards given a pension and three land 
 grants in the state of New York, on one of which he settled, in Delaware county, 
 where he resided up to his death, August 3, 1845. He married Catherine Wheaton, 
 who bore him eleven children, viz: John, Margaret, Dorothy, Joseph, Eliza- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1115 
 
 beth, David, James, Matthias, Daniel H., Sarah and Nathan B. Mrs. Jaqnish 
 died September 8, 184^, in the eighty-first year of her age. 
 
 Joseph Jaquish, second son of John Jaquish, was born in Delaware county. 
 New York, November 2, 1787, and there grew to manhood. He received a good 
 education, and after teaching school for a few years, he rented land and engaged in 
 farming. In June, 1838, he came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and bought 
 120 acres of forest land, where Charles Jaquish now lives, which he cleared and im- 
 proved, residing thereon up to his death, August 3, 1867. He married Clarissa 
 M. Keynolds, a native of Ehode Island, bom December 2, 1793, who became the 
 mother of eight children, viz: Welcome, who died in 1884, in his sixty-ninth year; 
 John W., who died in 1874, in his fifty-sixth year; Horace S., a resident of Eichmond 
 township, bom in 1819, who followed teaching and farming, and also served in 
 Company B, One Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteers; Charles, a 
 farmer of Covington township; Joseph B., a resident of Minnesota, who served in 
 Company K, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; Phoebe M., de- 
 ceased wife of W. H. Strong, of the same State; Desire A., widow of Henry 
 Beardsley, who lives in Wisconsin, and Elizabeth M., widow of Evan Lewis, of 
 Charleston township. Mrs. Jaquish died on the old homestead, February 17, 1864. 
 Chahles Jaquish, a son of Joseph Jaquish, was bom in Delaware county. New 
 York, November 21, 1823, and was in his fifth year when the family settled in Cov- 
 ington township, Tioga county. He attended the common schools of thg.t township, 
 and when twenty-one years old bought a farm of seventy acres in Sullivan township, 
 on which he resided up to the spring of 1885. He then sold his Sullivan farm and 
 bought eighty-four acres of the farm which was settled by his father in 1828, where 
 he has since resided. On November 12, 1846, he married Elizabeth Q. Walker, a 
 daughter of Lewis Walker. She was bom on October 25, 1827, and bore him a fam- 
 ily of six children, viz: Charles L., who died on December 30, 1880, leaving a widow, 
 Eliza (Eobinson) Jaquish, and one son, Frank C, who live in Mansfield; George H., 
 an outside foreman in the mines of Clearfield county; Ellen J., wife of B. A. Webster, 
 of Sullivan township; Joseph S., also an outside foreman in Clearfield county mines; 
 Francis E., who died on March 13, 1873, and Jane A., wife of Lincoln Whitteker, of 
 Eichmond township. Mrs. Jaquish died on March 27, 1874. Politically, Mr. Ja- 
 quish is a Eepublican, and has filled the offices of school director and justice of the 
 peace. He was a member of the I. 0. 0. P. for^hirty years, but is not now actively 
 connected with the society. 
 
 Chaeles Howland was bom in Hamden, Delaware county. New York, Febru- 
 ary 17, 1820, a son of Asa Howland, a native of New Hampshire, and a grandson of 
 Seth Howland, Asa learned the shoemaker's trade in his native place, and later re- 
 moved to Delaware eoimty. New York, and became a farmer. In 1839 he removed to 
 Springfield township, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where he followed farming 
 for many years, but finally resumed work at his trade. He removed to Elmira, 
 New York, about 1850, and there died July 4, 1861. His wife, Lucretia Benjamin, 
 bore him a family of eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity, as follows: 
 Juliette, deceased wife of Albert Jones, of Elmira, New York; Marietta, who died 
 in Elmira at the age of sixty-eight years; Charles, of Covington; Eansford F., who 
 died in Williamsport, leaving one daughter, Hattie; Angilette, widow of Dr. Julius 
 
1116 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Eea, of Milford, Delaware; Antoinette, deceased wife of Kobert Hill, of Elmira; 
 Gaylord, a resident of Canandaigua, New York; Benjamin F., a leather merchant 
 of Cedar Eapids, Iowa; Leroy, who died in Kansas, and Janette, widow of George 
 W. Parsons, of Elmira. Mrs. Howland died in Elmira in September, 1881. Her 
 husband was a soldier in the War of 1812, serving from New York state. Charles 
 Howland spent his early life on his father's farm. In 1840 he came to Tioga coimty 
 and found employment with Boyd & Cleaver, a lumber firm of Covington town- 
 ship. During the next twelve years he also worked for other firms, aud made a 
 number of trips down Pine creek, and the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers as 9, raft 
 steersman, acquiring much skill and proficiency in that line of work. In Sep- 
 tember, 1840, Mr. Howland helped load the first coal train that left Blossburg 
 over the Tioga railroad, then just completed. In 1842 he sawed three months on 
 the lumber used in the construction of the Seymour House, Blossburg. In 1858 
 he bought the Eoyal "Walker farm of eighty-one acres, upon which he has since lived, 
 giving his attention to agriculture. On January 1, 1849, he married Eliza Walker, 
 a daughter of Eoyal Walker.' She was born August 11, 1824, and became the 
 mother of seven children, as follows: Ella L., widow of S. A. Hoagland, of Marion, 
 Iowa; Edward L., a box maker in the Covington Glass Works, who married Mary 
 Williams, and has three children, Eliza, Pearl and Harry; Emma L., who died at 
 the age of nine years; William E., a glass worker in Prankton, Indiana, who mar- 
 ried Louisa Lutes, and has one child, Maude; Charles H., a glass blower in Frank- 
 ton, who married Sarah Coe, and has one child, Hazel; Eansford and Eandolph, 
 twins, the latter of whom died at two years of age. Eansford is a packer in the 
 Covington Glass Works, married Anna Marvin, and has three children: David F., 
 Anna and Eansford. Mrs. Howland died October 29, 1873. On December 16, 
 1874, Mr. Howland married Martha J. Johnson, a daughter of Simon Johnson, of 
 Troy, Bradford county. She was bom November 22, 1836, and is a member of the 
 First Baptist church of Covington. In politics, Mr. Howland is a Democrat, and 
 has filled the offices of burgess, assessor, collector and served in the Covington 
 council. He is also connected with the I. 0. 0. P., and the P. of H. societies, and 
 is recognized as one of the substantial citizens of the borough. 
 
 John Caltin Bennett was bom in Sherman, Connecticut, September 9, 1812, 
 and removed with his parents to the Canisteo valley, near Homellsville, New York, 
 about 1824. About 1836 he purchased a pre-emption right to several hundred 
 acres of land near Clinton, Iowa, upon which he located. Owing to the unsettled 
 condition of the country, on account of hostilities breaJdng out between the whites 
 and Indians, he disposed of his claim and returned to Pennsylvania, settling in 
 Eiehmond township, Tioga county. Here he was married September 11, 1838, to 
 Olive Wilson, a daughter of Sumner Wilson, one of the pioneer settlers of that 
 township. To this union were born two children, Albert M. and Frank E. The 
 latter died in 1861. In 1849 Mr. Bennett removed to Covington and engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, continuing there during the remainder of his life. His death 
 occurred on January 21, 1889. His wife survived him about a year, dying March 
 19, 1890. Mr. Bennett was a member of the Presbyterian church for many years, 
 and was connected with the I. 0. 0. F. from 1849, in which year he joined the 
 Covington lodge. His surviving son, Albert M., continued the business started 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1117 
 
 by his father until January 1, 1896. In 1893, associating with other business men 
 of Covington, they purchased the Covington Glass Works, of which he became 
 manager. Resigning early in 1893, he removed to Elmira, New York, where he 
 erected and became manager of the Elmira "Window Glass Works, owned by the 
 Elmira Glass Company, which position he still holds. 
 
 Joseph W. Whiting was bom in Eeadsboro, Vermont, January 5, 1820, a son 
 of Danforth and Rebecca (Sherman) Whiting, and a grandson of Danforth Whiting, 
 who located in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, about 1837. Joseph W. received 
 a common school education, and when twenty-one years of age bought a small farm 
 in Columbia township, Bradford county, on which he resided for seventeen years, 
 adding to his original purchase until he owned 315 acres. He sold this farm in the 
 spring of 1849, and bought his present farm in Covington township, Tioga county, 
 from Lyman Frost, which now embraces 325 acres. Here he has lived for the past 
 forty-seven years, engaged in general farming. On October 24, 1867, he married 
 Julia A. Kingsbury, a daughter of Absalom and Polly Kingsbury, of Covington 
 township. She was bom July 37, 1827, and bore him one daughter, Gena, born 
 July 28, 1871, now the wife of James H. Kendrick, of Covington township. Mrs. 
 AVhiting died December 27, 1887, and he was again married May 34, 1888, to Laura 
 N. Ayers, a daughter of Abijah A. and Thursa (Palmer) Ayers, of Canton, Bradford 
 county. She was bom September 33, 1847. Mr. Whiting is a member of the 
 First Baptist church, of Covington, while his wife is connected with the Methodist 
 Episcopal church. In politics, a Republican, he has served five years as Justice of 
 the peace, one year as assessor, one as collector, and about thirty years as a school 
 director. Mr. Whiting is one of the prominent, well-to-do farmers of the town- 
 ship, and is highly respected for his many sterling qualities. 
 
 Stephen F. Richaeds was bom in Milford, Otsego county. New York, October 
 26, 1823, a son of Rectus and Susanna (French) Richaxds, natives of Massachusetts. 
 His father was a farmer and cloth manufacturer, and was twice married. His first 
 wife, Susanna French, bore him six children, viz: William, who died in infancy; 
 Mary, deceased wife of the late David Pitts; Stephen P., of Covington township; 
 Emily, wife of Samuel Hitchcock, of Massachusetts; Otis, who was a farmer, mer- 
 chant and teacher, and died at Nelson, Tioga county, and Susanna, who died in 
 childhood. Mrs. Richards died in 1836, and he subsequently married Nancy 
 Thayer, of Massachusetts. He died in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, in 1873, 
 aged eighty-four years. Stephen F. obtained a good common school education, and 
 in 1846 came to Tioga county. He purchased a farm in Sullivan township, where 
 he lived up to 1858, when he sold it, also another property that he owned in the 
 Frost settlement which he had bought in 1854, and then purchased eighty acres 
 of his present homestead, since increased to 200 acres. Here he has resided, en- 
 gaged in general farming, but making a specialty of raising and handling stock, 
 principally horses, having sold one horse, Beucephalus, for $3,400. Mr. Richards 
 has been twice married. His first wife, Mary Snow, bore him one child, Mary, now 
 the wife of Harris Guilford, of Massachusetts. His second marriage occurred Sep- 
 tember 29, 1860, to Elizabeth C. Johnson, a daughter of Joseph Johnson, of Cov- 
 ington township. She was born in Blossburg, April 20, 1843, and is the mother of 
 three children, viz: Stephen F., born April 30, 1863, and died on April 2, 1880; 
 
wig HISTOHT OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 William F., born March 20, 1866, and Edward A., born July 29, 1881. William 
 F. was educated in the common schools and at Mansfield State Normal, and is 
 engaged in farming on the homestead. He married Florence DeHaas, a daughter 
 of Alexander M. DeHaas, of Clinton county, September 3, 1891, and has two chil- 
 dren, Helen V. and Harold J. Both he and wife are members of the Presbyterian 
 church. Mr. and Mrs. Eichards are members of the Presbyterian church, also of 
 the Patrons of Husbandry, and he is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. He has served 
 two terms as Justice of the peace, and in politics, is an independent voter. 
 
 John Kiley, retired farmer, was born in Georgia, Franklin county, Vermont, 
 May 27, 1821, a son of Michael and Betsey (Hurlbut) Kiley, the former a native of 
 Ireland, and the latter of Vermont. His father came to the United States at the 
 age of fiftfeen and learned the tailor's trade, and followed that business in connection 
 with farming. He reared six children, viz: John, James, Ebenezer, Henry, Mary 
 and Lydia. John received a limited education, and worked on the homestead farm 
 in Vermont until twenty-one years of age. He then removed to New York state, 
 where he worked in a saw-mill six years. In 1849 he came to Tioga county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and found employment in the saw-mills on Mill creek, in Eutland town- 
 ship. Three years later he rented the James E. Wilson farm in Eichmond town- 
 ship, which he cultivated up to October, 1862. He then enlisted in Company B, 
 One Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in the battles 
 of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. He was wounded in the latter engagement, which 
 incapacitated him for further service, and he was discharged June 20, 1863. Ee- 
 tuming to his home in Eichmond township, he lived there until 1865, when he 
 purchased a farm of 257 acres in Eichmond township,^ and a short time later bought 
 his present homestead of 167 acres in Covington township. He has been unable to 
 do any manual labor since the war. Mr. Kiley was married September 18, 1848, 
 to Dorothy Codney, who bore him six children, viz: Betsey, wife of Harvey Frost, 
 of Eichmond; Dorcas, wife of Samuel Frost, of Covington; Samuel H., a resident 
 of the latter township; John, a physician of Morris Eun; Lydia, wife of Prof. C. 
 B. Clark, of Antrim, and Frank, a ph3'sician of Gordon, Schuylkill county. Mrs. 
 Kiley died in February, 1887, aged forty-seven years. Mr. Kiley resides with his 
 son, Samuel H. He is a stanch Eepublican, and a member of the G. A. E. and the 
 P.. of H. 
 
 Samuel H. Kiley, eldest son of John Kiley, was born in Eichmond township, 
 Tioga county, July 26, 1857, and attended -the common schools in boyhood. In 
 1882 he purchased his present homestead in Covington township, and has since 
 devoted his attention to farming. On December 25, 1879, he married Adel 
 Clark, a daughter of John Clark, of Sullivan township, and has four children, viz: 
 Love, John, William and Eoss. Mrs. Kiley is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. Politically, Mr. Kiley is a Eepublican, and has filled the offices of super- 
 visor and school director. He is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and P. of H. 
 societies, in both of which he takes an active interest. 
 
 Nicholas Watkins was bom in Connecticut, July 4, 1810, and was the 
 youngest son of Benoni Watkins, a native of the same State, who settled on a farm 
 of 200 acres where Austinville, Bradford county, now stands, in 1816. Benoni 
 previously married Hannah Peet, and they reared a family of seven children, viz: 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1119 
 
 Daniel, Delighta, Betsey, Sally, Abel, Granson and Nicholas. The subject of this 
 sketch was about six years old when his parents settled in Bradford county. He 
 worked at home until 1830, whe^i he purchased a farm in Columbia township, 
 Bradford county, on which he lived six years. In 1836 he bought a farm in Sulli- 
 van township, Tioga county, which he cultivated until old age^ and then retired to 
 Mainesburg, where he died in May, 1893. He married Sarah Eose, to which union 
 were bom six children, as follows: John E., of Covington township; Benoni, a 
 wagonmaker in Ft. Scott, Kansas; Lodemia, who died in infancy; Hannah, wife 
 of Jesse Austin, of Mainesburg; Charlotte, Mdfe of Omer Doud, of the same place, 
 and Philetta, wife of B. P. Connelly, also a resident of Mainesburg. Mrs. Watkins 
 ■resides in Mainesburg with her daughter, Mrs. Doud, at the ripe age of eighty- 
 four years. 
 
 John E. Watkins, eldest child of Nicholas Watkins, and grandson of Benoni 
 Watkins, was born on the Tioga and Bradford line, two and a half miles west of 
 Austinville. He obtained a common school education and worked on the homestead 
 until twenty-five years of age, when he began in life for himself, as a farmer. In 
 the fall of 1869, he purchased his present farm of ninety acres, in Covington town- 
 ship, on which he lived for ten years. He then went to Bradford, McKeam county, 
 and carried on a fruit and vegetable store for two years, at the end of which period 
 he returned to his farm in Covington. In 1889 he embarked in the lumber business, 
 which he continued until the spring of 1896, when he resumed farming. On Feb- 
 ruary 20, 1857, Mr. Watkins married Sophia Welsh, a daughter of Leonard Welsh, 
 of Sullivan township, and has two children, viz: Eosa B., wife of David Ames, of 
 Covington township, and Jay E., who was born on July 31, 1867. The family 
 are members of the Church of Christ, and in politics, adherents of the Eepubliean 
 party. 
 
 Abel Watkins was born in Connecticut, in 1806, a son of Benoni Watkins, 
 a native of the same State, who settled on a farm of 200 acres where Austinville, 
 Bradford county, now stands, in 1816. Benoni previously married Hannah Peet, 
 and reared a family of seven children, viz: Daniel, Delighta, Betsey, Sally, Abel, 
 Granson and Nicholas. Abel was ten yesirs old when the family located in Brad- 
 ford county, and he grew to manhood on the homestead farm, and attended the 
 pioneer school of the district. He later purchased a farm in Sullivan township, 
 Tioga county, where he followed farming and stock-droving up to 1872, when he 
 retired to Sylvania, Bradford county, and died in 1880. He married Mary Van 
 Gorder, who bore him seven children, as follows: Hannah, deceased wife of the 
 late Dr. Burchard, of Chicago; Andrew J., deceased; Emma, wife of E. E. Backer, 
 of Elmira; George, a resident of California; Jerusha, widow of Dayton HoUenback, 
 of Sylvania; Seely E., a farmer of Eichmond township, and Frank, a lumberman 
 of Covington township. Mrs. Watkins died on June 23, 1894. 
 
 Andeew J. Watkins, oldest son of Abel Watkins, was bom in Sullivan town- 
 ship, Tioga county, October 13, 1830, and was reared and educated in his native 
 place. On attaining his majority he purchased a farm in Eutland township, whence 
 he removed to Eichmond, but returned to Eutland again. In 1870 he located in 
 Covington township, purchasing a farm of 350 acres, one mile above Covington, to 
 which he later added 180 acres more. He and his brother Seely also bought the 
 
]^]^20 HISTOET or TIOGA COUNTT. 
 
 old homestead in Sullivan township. In 1889 he moved to a small faorm in Cov- 
 ington borough, where he died in February, 1890. He married Clarinda Hurd, 
 who bore him four children, as follows: Eush J., a steamboat captain in the state 
 of Washington; Eugene 0., of Covington township; Olive A., of the same town- 
 ship, and Frederick B., deceased. Mrs. Watkins resides in Covington. Mr. Watkins 
 served in the Union axmy during the late Eebellion. He was an active Eepublican, 
 and filled the offices of assessor and school director. 
 
 Eugene 0. "Watkins was born in Eichmond township, Tioga county, July 
 9, 1860, a son of Andrew J. Watkins, and grandson of Abel Watkins. He attended 
 the common schools of the township and borough of Covington, and has always 
 lived on the old homestead farm. On June 17, 1886, he married Mary A. Harding, a- 
 daughter of Simeon and Lydia (Goodnow) Harding, early settlers of Covington, 
 and has two children. Ploy L. and Maude C. Mrs. Watkins is a member of the 
 First Baptist church, of Covington. In politics, Mr. Watkins is a Eepublican, 
 and is also connected with the I. 0. 0. F. and the P. of H. societies. 
 
 Eet. George W. Sguddek was bom at Gorham, Ontario county, 'New York, 
 August 35, 1818, a son of Ezra Scudder. He received a good education and in 
 early manhood began preaching for the Free Will Baptist church, but when the 
 slavery question began to be agitated, he became a Wesleyan Methodist, and for 
 many years preached for that church in the counties of Steuben, Allegany, Schuyler 
 and Tompkins, New York, and in Sullivan, Bradford, Tioga and Potter counties, 
 Pennsylvania. He first came to Tioga county in the spring of 1863, and in 1865 
 purchased a farm in Charleston township, on which his son resided up to 1883. He 
 then sold it and bought one in the northeast corner of Covington township, where 
 he resided until a year and a half before his death, which occurred October 36, 
 1894, when he was stricken with paralysis and removed to the home of his son, 
 Franklin B. Mr. Scudder was married to Emmeline Parsons, a daughter of Thadeus 
 Parsons, of Clifton Springs, New York, October 31, 1841. She was bom October 
 30, 1830, and is the mother of two children, viz: Ezra F., bom July 38, 1843, and 
 died June 31, 1859, and Franklin B., who lives on the old homestead. Mrs. Scud- 
 der lives with her son in Covington township. 
 
 Feanklin B. Sctjddee, only living child of Eev. George W. Scudder, was 
 bom in Potter, Yates county, New York, June 85, 1845. When eighteen years of 
 age he enlisted in Battery F, Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, and served in 
 the battles of Weldon Eailroad and Chapin Farm. He was transferred to the 
 light artillery, in which he served six months, and later three months as a mounted 
 herdsman. In the fall of 1865 he was detailed to the provost guard, and later on 
 the detective force, where he served until discharged, at City Point, in January, 
 1866. He returned to his home in Charleston township, and a year later went to 
 Sullivan county, Pennsylvania, where he worked out and attended school at in- 
 tervals for two years. Eetuming to his father's home, he worked for his parents 
 until the fall of 1886, when he bought fifty-thre€ acres immediately east of the 
 homestead, which he cultivated until his father's death. He then inherited the 
 homestead property of sixty acres, and is now the owner of 113 acres of well-im- 
 proved land. October 36, 1868, Mr. Scudder married Eoxie T., a daughter of 
 Joseph Fawcett, of Sullivan county, where she was bom on May 9, 1851. They 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1121 
 
 axe the parents of five children, viz: Jennie E., wife of Maxlin Clemens, of 
 Charleston township; Grace V., William W., Emma L. and Frankie B. Mr. axid 
 Mrs. Scudder are members of the Wesleyan Methodist church, while their daughter 
 Grace is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics, the family are 
 adherents of the Republican party. 
 
 THE BLOSSBUBG COAL REGION. 
 
 Maetin Steatton was bom near Towanda, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, 
 December 33, 1807. His parents, Cephas and Hannah (Adams) Stratton, natives of 
 Simsbury, Connecticut, settled in Bradford county in 1791. In 1813 they came to 
 Tioga county, and located near Canoe Camp. They resided in Eichmond township 
 and in Mansfield until October 13, 1818, when the family left for Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 settling four miles from that city, on Mill creek, where the parents passed the re- 
 mainder of their lives. In 1831 the subject of this sketch went to Cincinnati to learn 
 the carpenter's trade. After serving three years as an apprentice and one year as 
 a journeyman, he went to New Orleans, where he remained but a short time. Re- 
 turning to Cincinnati, he was induced, by promises of government work, to go to 
 Fort Independence, Missouri. Being disappointed in this, he returned to Cincinnati, 
 and in March, 1831, came back to Mansfield. After a three years' stay in 
 Tioga county, he again returned to Cincinnati, and a year later removed to La 
 Salle, Illinois. In 1840 he returned to Mansfield, and in December, 1841, located 
 at Bloesburg. For thirteen years he had charge of the repairs of coal chutes, etc., 
 in Blossburg, for William Mallory & Company, and from 1861 to 1876 was in the 
 employ of the Fall Brook Coal Company, at Fall Brook, as master mechanic. For 
 a number of years he has been living retired in Blossburg, his residence, built in 
 1841-43, being one of the oldest houses in the place. In polities, he is a Republican, 
 and has served as justice of the peace and school director. In religion, he is a member 
 of the Baptist church. Mr. Stratton was married October 18, 1833, to Eliza Holden, 
 a daughter of Daniel and Lydia Holden, pioneer settlers of Mansfield. Mrs. Strat- 
 ton was bom in Schoharie county, New York, in 1811, and they celebrated the six- 
 ty-fourth anniversary of their marriage, October 18, 1896. Three children have been 
 born to them, viz: Daniel H., Myron S., a railroad engineer, killed in aji accident 
 at Gray's run, Tioga county, August 35, 1893, and Lucy, wife of Rev. Marcellus 
 Karcher, rector of Christ Protestant Episcopal church, of Blossburg. Lydia, an 
 adopted daughter, is the wife of A. F. Gaylord of the same borough. 
 
 Daniel H. Steatton, eldest son of Martin Stratton, was bom in Covington, 
 Tioga county, January 1, 1834. He learned the carpenter's trade with his father, 
 and from 1853 to 1855 he was in the employ of William Mallory & Company, of 
 Blossburg. He then engaged in the grocery business in that place, continuing in the 
 same three years. In the latter part of 1858 he went to Fall Brook, as foreman 
 in charge of constructing and repairing chutes, etc., for the Fall Brook Coal 
 Company. In 1864 he took charge of the railroad shop in Blossburg, a position 
 he still holds. Mr. Stratton was married June 33, 1854, to Mary C. Scott, a 
 daughter of Robert and Eliza Jame Scott, to which union have been born ten children, 
 viz: Alice, deceased; Prank H., Mary, deceased wife of E. S. Guernsey, of Sala- 
 manca, New York; Fred and Nina, both deceased; Lucy H., Jennie, Daniel R., a 
 71 
 
1122 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 graduate of the Medical Department of the University of New York; Kate, wife 
 of E. J. Bosworth, of Gaines, Tioga county, and Eaymond. In politics, Mr. Strat- 
 ton is a Democrat. He served in the first council of Blossburg, and has filled the 
 office of justice of the peace, school director, auditor and township clerk. He is 
 a member of the Masonic order, and of the K. of H. 
 
 Frank H. Stkatton, eldest son of Daniel H. Stratton, was born in Blossburg, 
 Tioga county, April 14, 1857, and was educated in the public schools and the 
 State Normal School at Mansfield. He clerked for some years in the railroad shop 
 office, and for seven years had charge of the weigh office in Blossburg of the 
 Morris Eun and Fall Brook Coal Compajiies. From 1885 tO' 1889 he was United 
 States gauger of the Twelfth district of Pennsylvania, after which he again took 
 charge of the weigh office of the companies named. On March 39, 1894, he was 
 appointed by President Cleveland postmaster of Blossburg, which office he still 
 holds. He is also superintendent of the Blossburg Water Company. Mr. Stratton 
 was married in June, 1889, to Maria Bowen, a daughter of the late Stephen Bowen, 
 sherifE of Tioga county from 1873 to 1876. They are the parents of three children, 
 viz: Augustus D., Agnes and Nina. Mr. Stratton is an ardent Democrat. He is 
 a past master of Bloss Lodge, No. 350, F. & A. M., and is also connected with 
 Wellsboro Chapter, and Tyagaghton Commandery, of Wellsboro. 
 
 Pathick Bannon was born in Thurlas, County Tipperary, Ireland, in April, 
 1814. In 1827 he went to "Wales, and worked in the iron furnaces there until 1836, 
 when he immigrated to the United States and located in Troy, New York, but soon 
 afterwards removed to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, where he worked as a moulder in 
 a foundry. In 1840 he came to Blossburg, Tioga county, and during the remaining 
 years of his life, until he retired, he worked in the mines at Blossburg and Morris 
 Eun. A few years before his death, which occurred September 17, 1894, at the age 
 of seventy-nine, he was interested in developing a tract of coal land near Hoytville. 
 His agreement with the owner was that if he struck the Blossburg vein he was to 
 have one-half the land. He died before securing the deed, and the matter is now in 
 the courts. Mr. Bannon came to Blossburg when there were but few families in 
 that place. The railroad had just been completed and the work of developing the 
 coal deposits begun. He soon became known as a man of enterprise and public 
 spirit. It was through his efforts that the first Catholic church in the county was 
 established in Blossburg. He secured the gift of the site from Hon. Horatio Sey- 
 mour, and collected the money for the erection of the church building, which was 
 afterwards dedicated as St. Andrew^s Catholic church. He was a member of the 
 C. T. A., and also of the K. of L. In politics, he was a stanch Eepublican, and 
 served as a member of the council, supervisor and school director for a number of 
 years. He was tireless in his efforts to secure the establishment of a public school 
 in the village, in which project he was finally successful. He lived an earnest, 
 useful life, and enjoyed the respect and esteem of the leading people of the county. 
 Mr. Bannon was married April 14, 1839, in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, to Joana Loner- 
 gan, a daughter of William Lonergan, a merchant of Thurlas, Ireland. Mrs. Ban- 
 non, who, notwithstanding her advanced age, preserves an active mind and a clear 
 memory, was born April 7, 1816, and came to Canada with her parents when a child. 
 Her father located on a farm near Montreal, where the family resided until 1834, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1123 
 
 when they removed to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, where Mrs. Bannon met and married 
 her late husband. Four of her brothers were in the Union army, viz: William, a 
 deceased manufacturer of St. Louis, Missouri; James, a farmer of the same State; 
 Patrick, who also resides in Missouri, and John, a resident of Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
 Another brother, Michael, went to St. Louis at an early day, and died there of 
 yellow fever in 1837. Mrs. Bannon is the mother of seven children, viz: Mary, 
 wife of William Lai-kin, of Bradford, McKean county; William, a resident of the 
 same place, who married Lida English; Anthony, a resident of Bradford, ex-state 
 senator of this district, to which office he was elected in 1893, having previously 
 served as a member of the council of Kemdall Creek, coroner of McKean county, 
 sheriff of the county, chairman of the Eepublican county committee, a delegate to 
 the state convention, congressional conferee, reading clerk of the State Senate in 
 1889 and journal clerk of the same body in 1891; Joana, a resident of Bradford; 
 Jane, who resides with her mother; Lizaie, wife of Christopher O'Connor, of 
 JefEerson county, and Alice, who lives at home. Mrs. Bannon is a woman of edu- 
 cation and refinement, and enjoys the regard and confidence of a large circle of 
 friends. She is one of the oldest living residents of Blossburg. 
 
 Henet Kilbouhn, physician and surgeon, was bom in Shrewsbury, Vermont, 
 March 23, 1802. He studied medicine in his native State, at Castleton, and re- 
 ceived his diploma in 1828. In December of that year he married Miss Fannie 
 Briggs, to which union were bom the following children: Henrietta, a resident of 
 Portland, Oregon; Antionette, widow of S. B. Brown; Henry, deceased; Ferdinand, 
 a resident of Sumnerville, Kansas; Catherine, a resident of Wellsburg, New York, 
 and James V., who resides at Silverton, Colorado. The mother died, and he mar- 
 ried for his second wife Lucy M. Dyke, who bore him two children, viz: Orpha, 
 deceased, and Kenyon. His second wife died May 13, 1873, aged thirty-six years. 
 In 1840 Dr. Kilboum came to Tioga county and settled in Covington, from which 
 time until his death, November 26, 1886, he continued the practice of his pro- 
 fession. During this period he lived alternately at Covington and Blossburg, the 
 last twenty years of his life being spent in the latter town. He traveled throughout 
 the eastern part of Tioga county, where he is held in loving remembrance. He 
 also practiced at Fall Brook, and for many years was the leading physician in that 
 portion of the Tioga valley. Dr. Kilboum was descended from one of the oldest 
 families of New England, and brought with him to Tioga county a musket used by 
 one of his ancestors in a desperate fight with Indians at Walpole, Connecticut, in 
 1755. It measured from muzzle to shoulder-guard five feet eleven inches, and 
 carried an ounce ball. Dr. Kilboum was a great story teller, and somewhat eccentric, 
 but was respected by all who knew him. 
 
 Kenton Kilbouen, only son of. Dr. Henry and Lucy M. (Dyke) Kilboum, 
 was bom in Covington, Tioga county, June 1, 1862, and received a common 
 school education. After leaving school he worked for a time on the coal chute at 
 Amot, and later as a brakeman on the Tioga railroad. In the spring of 1885 he 
 was employed in the freight office at Blossburg, remaining until March, 1888, when 
 he secured his present position as weighmaster for the Erie Eailroad Company, his 
 duties being to weigh the coal mined at Amot and Landrus. The position is 
 one of much responsibility, but during the past eight years he has proven himself 
 
1124 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 faithful and efficient. Mr. Kilbourn was married July 19, 1885, to Elnora N. 
 f ulkerson, a daughter of Eaoch and Mary Ann Fulkerson, of Blossburg, and has 
 four children: Edna K., John M., Cora B. and an infant son. In politics, he is a 
 Eepubliean, and is recognized as an enterprising citizen. 
 
 LuTHBE Johnson was born in Vermont, in 1790. In 1813 his parents came 
 to Tioga county, and settled on a farm near Wellsboro, in Charleston township. 
 Here he grew to manhood and married Zilpha Shumway, bom June 11, 1796, a 
 daughter of Peter Shumway, to which union. eight children Avere bom, as follows: 
 Silas, Eli, and Jacob, deceased; Sarah, wife of Elmer Bacon, of Nebraska; Moses 
 and Luther W., deceased; Lydia, wife of Curtis Culver, of Middlebury, Tioga 
 county, and Alonzo, a farmer residing in Wellsboro. Mr. Johnson died October 
 17, 1849; his widow survived him until February 17, 1877, dying at the age of 
 eighty-one years. 
 
 De. Luthee W. Johnson, son of Luther and Zilpha (Shumway) Johnson, 
 was born in Wellsboro, May 4, 1833. His early education was acquired in the Wells- 
 boro Academy, from which he graduated in 1852. He next took a course in the 
 classical and medical department of the State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 
 graduating in 1856. In 1857 he began the practice of medicine in Liberty, Tioga 
 county. He continued the practice of his profession at that place until 1883, when 
 he removed to Blossburg, where he practiced without interruption until his death, 
 June 29, 1896. He was one of the oldest physicians in years of practice in Tioga 
 county. He was formerly a member and one of the organizers of the Tioga County 
 Medical Society. Dr. Johnson was married June 7, 1858, at Wellsboro, to Mary C. 
 Mathers, a daughter of John Mathers. To this union were bom the following 
 children: Edward W.; Nettie V., wife of Dr. XT. G. Beck, of Elmira, New York; 
 Helen B., wife of Edward Saks, of Milton, Pennsylvania, and Gracie. Dr. Johnson 
 was a life-long Democrat and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 
 addition to his extensive practice he also conducted a drug store. He was recog- 
 nized as an able and experienced practitioner and as one of the progressive and en- 
 terprising citizens of Blossburg. 
 
 John Cook was bom at Stockton-on-Tees, County of Durham, England, Janu- 
 ary 24, 1831, and is a son of Isaac and Ellen (Eoe) Cook. They were the parents of 
 eleven children, of whom six grew to manhood and womanhood, viz: Elizabeth, 
 deceased wife of Phineas Harrington; Isaac, deceased; Jane, wife of Joseph 
 Baker, deceased; John, the subject of this sketch; Hannah, wife of George Watson, 
 and William, who died at Morris, Tioga county, in September, 1892. John came 
 to Pennsylvania in 1847, and spent a few months .in Eeading, locating at Bloss- 
 burg, 'Tioga county, April 5, 1848. He had leamed the bricklayer's and plasterer's 
 trades in England, and followed the same after coming to Pennsylvania. He also 
 worked in the coal mines at Arnot, Barkley, Fall Brook and Morris Eun for about 
 six years; but his trade has been his life vocation, and he has worked on a 
 majority of the buildings erected in Blossburg since 1848. Mr. Cook was married 
 May 24, 1851, to Mary Harris, a daughter of Eev. Henry Harris, a native of Haber- 
 suchan, Monmouthshire, Wales, who came to Pennsylvania in 1837, resided for a 
 time in Minersville, and then located in Blossburg, Tioga county. He afterward 
 went to Providence, Ehode Island, to work, and was fatally injured by a boiler ex- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1125 
 
 plosion, living but a few days. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are the parents of eight chil- 
 dren, viz: William H., Isaac Herbert, deceased; Phoebe Ellen, widow of David 
 Botchford; Hannah Mary, wife of James S. Kirkwood; Isaac Herbert (2nd), 
 George Edward, Alice Jane, deceased, and Elizabeth Jane, wife of Henry H. 
 Eeese. In politics, Mr. Cook is a Prohibitionist, has served as treasurer of the 
 borough for several years, also as judge and inspector of elections, and is now serv- 
 ing a second term as justice of the peace. For a number of years he has been a local 
 preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for ten years or more superin- 
 tendent of the Sunday-school. He is one of the oldest citizens of Blossburg, and 
 has lived a life of quiet industry. A man of high moral character and deep religious 
 convictions, he has exemplified his principles and his belief in his daily life, winning 
 thereby the respect and esteem of his fellowmen. 
 
 John Laweence Sexton was bom in Veteran township, Chemung county, 
 New York, July 13, 1830, a son of John Lawrence and Hannah (Kenyon) Sexton. 
 He is a descendant of one of the oldest Scotch-Irish families of the United States, 
 his paternal ancestor having located in the valley of the Connecticut in 1637. His 
 grandfather, Elijah Sexton, was a soldier in the French and Indian War and an 
 officer in the Continental army. When John L. was quite young his parents re- 
 moved to Big Flats township, Chemung county, New York, where his father pur- 
 chased 700 acres of white pine timber land, erected saw-mills and engaged in lum- 
 bering. Young Sexton was reared on the farm, was principally educated at the 
 fireside and in the common schools, but received special training in elocution, logic 
 and rhetoric. Before he was twenty years of age he had read Blackstone, Kent, 
 Storey and Marshall and the standard English poets, and had mastered "Town's 
 Analysis of the EngHsh Language." On May 28, 1851, he married Grace Adelaide 
 Patterson, a grand-daughter of Eobert Patterson, a Revolutionary soldier, and a 
 daughter of Benjamin and Jane (Jones) Patterson, of Lindley, Steuben county, 
 New York. For ten years thereafter he pursued farming and lumbering, in the 
 meantime serving six years as superintendent of township schools of Big Plats, and 
 several years as deputy United States marshal. Meeting with reverses, through the 
 failure of the Bank of Corning, he came to Fall Brook, Tioga county, and was em- 
 ployed by Hon. John Magee, first as a laborer in the forest and subsequently as store 
 clerk, weighmaster and shipper of coal. He also filled the offices of assessor, school 
 director, justice of the peace, burgess and principal of the public schools, receiving 
 provisional, professional and a permanent certificate from the school department 
 of Pennsylvania, as a teacher. In 1875 Mr. Sexton was selected by Gen. William 
 McCandless as clerk to assist in organizing the bureau of labor and industrial statis- 
 tics of Pennsylvania, at Harrisburg, and almost the entire labor of formulating, 
 classifying and arranging the details of the bureau devolved upon him. At the 
 close of his four years' term he returned to Tioga county, located at Blossburg, and 
 established the Blossburg Industrial Register, which he continued to publish for 
 two years. The next five years he devoted to literary pursuits, during which time 
 he wrote the histories of Tioga and Bradford counties, Pennsylvania, and Steuben, 
 Chemung, Tioga and Schuyler counties, New York; "The White Slaves of Monopo- 
 lies," "Uncle Jonas Lawrence's Letters," and numerous articles for the Sunday 
 
1126 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Telegram of Elmira, the New York Sun, the Harrisburg Patriot and other news- 
 papers. 
 
 In December, 1885, his son, Benjamin P. Sexton, established the Blossburg 
 Advertiser, of which the subject of this sketch is business manager and a general 
 contributor to its columns. "Under Mr. Sexton's management the Advertiser has 
 attained a large circulation, and it wields a strong influence throughout the Bloss- 
 burg coal region. Mr. Sexton is a fearless and able writer, and has delivered 
 many public addresses, among them the Centennial address in the House of 
 Eepresentatives, at Harrisburg, July 4, 1876, on the progress and development of 
 Pennsylvania for 100 years; two Centennial addresses at Painted Post, New York; 
 an address at the unveiling of the monument erected to the memory of William 
 Mapes, a Revolutionary soldier, by the counties of Steuben and Chemung, at Big 
 Flats, in August, 1873; the Centennial address on the establishment of the Grand 
 Lodge of Free Masons, and the Centennial address at the Polish celebration in Bloss- 
 burg, May 3, 1891. Mr. Sexton is a member of the Dauphin County Historical 
 Society, of Harrisburg; an honorary member of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
 vania, at Philadelphia, and is well versed in the history of the State, and well ac- 
 quainted with its geological formations and its varied mining, manufacturing, agri- 
 cultural, railroad and industrial interests generally. Mr. Sexton's family consists 
 of his wife, Grace Adelaide, three sons and four daughters, viz: Samuel M., Ben- 
 jamin Patterson, John Lawrence, Grace Adelaide, Mary B., wife of Levi Plummer, 
 of Pindlay, Ohio; Jane P. and Susie T. 
 
 Jacob B. Mereick was bom in "Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, July 
 4, 1835, a son of Isaac Merrick, and grandson of Israel Merrick, Sr., and obtained 
 a common school education. Upon arriving at manhood he adopted dentistry as his 
 profession, and resided and practiced at different times in Charleston township, 
 Tioga county; Troy, Bradford county; Blossburg and Mansfield, Tioga county, and 
 in Elmira, New York. He removed from the latter place to Mansfield in 1875, 
 and made it the place of his residence until his death, March 1, 1878. Dr. Mer- 
 rick married Lucy A. Bums, a native of Oppingham, Fulton county, New York, to 
 which union were bom three children, viz: A. E., a dentist of Millerton, Tioga 
 county; D. 0., a dentist of Blossburg, and- Walter T., attomey-at-law of the same 
 borough. On December 5, 1883, Mrs. Merrick married for her second husband, Eev. 
 Hiram Short, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church. They reside in Bloss- 
 burg. 
 
 Michael Kelly was born in County Kerry, Ireland, in 1832. He came to 
 the United States in 1853 and located in Gibson, Steuben county. New York, at 
 which place he resided for three years. In 1856 he removed to Gang Mills, in the 
 same county, where he remained two years, and then located in Coming. Here he 
 embarked in the grocery business, which he carried on in that city up to 1866. In 
 June of that year he came to Blossburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and bought 
 the building then owned by Daniel Williams, formerly occupied by the store of the 
 Arbon Coal Company, in which he opened a grocery. He continued in business 
 until 1870, when owing to failing health his wife took charge of the store, which 
 she still carries on under the name of Mrs. M. Kelly. It is now the oldest business 
 house in the borough. Mr. Kelly was married August 10, 1856, to Bridget Healy, 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1127 
 
 a native of County Kerry, Ireland, to which union were bom ten children, as fol- 
 lows: John W., Mary A., widow of James Kirwan, of Blossburg; Johanna E., 
 Michael F., who married Mary Downs, daughter of William and Mary (Diggins) 
 Downs, of Washington, D. C, and has two children, William D. and Walter L.; 
 Bridget and Kate, twins; Thomas P. and Peter D., both deceased, and two that 
 died in infancy. Mr. Kelly died December 19, 1888. In politics, he was a Demo- 
 crat, and in religion, a member of St. Andrew's Eoman Catholic church of Bloss- 
 burg, to which his widow and children belong. John W. has served one term in 
 the borough council. He is an adherent of the Eepublican party, a member of St. 
 Andrew's Catholic Total Abstinence Society, and is regarded as one of the public- 
 spirited and progressive citizens of the borough. 
 
 David E. Evans, son of Eiehard A. and Mary Evans, was born in Capcoch, 
 South Wales, February 28, 1859. His parents immigrated to Pennsylvania, and 
 located in Morris Eun, Tioga county, in December, 1870, where his father mined 
 coal until 1874, when he moved to Eound Top, where he still resides. The subject 
 of this sketch is the fourth of six children, named as follows: Mary Ann, wife of 
 Daniel Griffiths, of Antrim; Evan E., of Blossburg; John E., of Antrim; David 
 E., of Blossburg; Catherine, wife of Eobert Carpenter, of Antrim, and Elizabeth 
 Jane, wife of Arthur Bowen, of Eound Top. At the age of eight years David E. 
 entered a tea store in Wales, remaining there until the family came to the United 
 States. He worked five yeaxs in the mines at Morris Eun, and in 1876 began clerking 
 in the store of the Fall Brook Coal Company, at Antrim. In 1879 he went to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, was there employed for a year as a salesman, and later worked two 
 years in a rolling mill. In 1882 he returned to Antrim, re-entered the service of 
 the Fall Brook Coal Company, was employed three months exploring for coal, and 
 was then given the position of boss mule driver in the mines. This he filled for 
 several years, and then resumed mining. He next was employed as a traveling sales- 
 man for the Grand Union Tea Company. In 1889, in connection with J. J. Mills, 
 he bought out the tea, crockery and glassware firm of Hyde & Cowley, of Bloss- 
 burg. The business was carried on under the firm name of Evans & Mills until 
 1890, when it was consolidated with that of Daniels & Newport. In October, 1894, 
 Mr. Evans bought out Mr. Daniels' interest, and has since conducted the business 
 in his own name. October 16, 1879, he married Jane Davis, a daughter of John 
 and Ann Davis, of Cherry Plats, Tioga county, to which union have been bom six 
 children, viz: Gwennie, Mary, deceased; Annie, Jane Victoria, deceased; Ethel, 
 deceased, and Eena. In politics, Mr. Evans is a Eepublican, and in religion, a 
 member of the Welsh Congregational church. He is also connected with Blossburg 
 Lodge, No. 167, K. of H. 
 
 Matthew C. Blaik, merchant tailor, was bom in Cumbernauld, Dumbarton- 
 shire, Scotland, June 2, 1841, and is one of nine children bom to James and Mary 
 (Crawford) Blair. The other members of the family are as follows: Eliza, wife of 
 John Eussell, a resident of Scotland; Marian, wife of Alexander Allen, a resident of 
 the same land; James, who resides in Anita, Pennsylvania; William and John, both 
 residents of Scotland; Mary, wife of a Mr. Murray, of Scotland; Janet, wife of James 
 Wiley, of Liberty township, Tioga county, and Jennie, who lives in Scotland. Mr. 
 Blair's father came to Amot, Tioga county, in 1873, worked in the coal mines for a 
 
1128 HISTOEY OK TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 few years, and then returned to Scotland, where he died in 1878. The subject of this 
 sketch received a common school education, and served an apprenticeship to the 
 tailor's trade in Scotland. In June, 1869, he immigrated to Pennsylvania, and 
 located in Amot, Tioga county. He worked in the mines for thirteen years and 
 later at his trade in Ariiot for eight years. In 1890 he came to Blosshurg and opened 
 a merchant tailor's establishment over Eoberts' store. In the spring of 1891 he 
 moved further south on the same street, renting for a year and then purchasing 
 the building. Here he remained until the fall of 1895, when he removed to the 
 building previously occupied by H. H. Eoberts. He carried on merchant tailoring 
 exclusively until 1894, when he added ready-made clothing, hats, caps and furnishing 
 goods. Mr. Blair was married December 31, 1861, to Susan Arthur, a daughter of 
 John and Susan (Carrick) Arthur, of Cumbernauld, Scotland. Fourteen children 
 have been born to this union, all of whom are living, viz: James, Kate, wife of John 
 Hutchinson, of Houtzdale; Mary, wife of N. E. Mitchell, of Blossburg; Susan, Eliza, 
 Elizabeth, Marion, John, Agnes, Janet, Jennie, Ada and Emma, twins, and Mat- 
 thew. In politics, Mr. Blair is independent, and in religion, a member of the 
 Church of Christ at Amot. By unremitting industry and prudence, Mr. Blair has 
 not only reared and educated his large family, but has built up a profitable and 
 growing business. He is a progressive and enterprising citizen, and has achieved 
 a well-earned reputation for honesty, industry and integrity. 
 
 Andhew Andbbson, merchant tailor, was born in Dolsland, Sweden, January 
 25, 1859, and is a son of Andrew and Cagsa Anderson. He learned the tailoring 
 trade in his youth, and in June, 1881, immigrated to Pennsylvania, remaining a 
 short time in Antrim, Tioga county. He then came to Blossburg and worked for 
 L. Meyers until 1886, when he started in business for himself in the Odd Fellows' 
 Hall block. In 1887 he removed to his present location. He has two brothers in this 
 country, Eric, a coal miner at Antrim, and Frank, employed in the tailor shop. 
 His father died in 1878, aged fifty-three years. His mother is still living in Sweden. 
 Mr. Anderson was married in October, 1882, to Annie Carlson, a native of Sweden, 
 to which union two children were born, viz: Kate and Gustav. Mrs. Anderson 
 died December 25, 1884. On August 15, 1887, he married Mary N. Hyland, a 
 daughter of Joseph Hyland, of Blossburg, and has three children by this mar- 
 riage, as follows: Euth, Arthur and DeSeales. In politics, Mr. Anderson is a 
 Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Lutheran church. He is also con- 
 nected with Blossburg Lodge, No. 167, K. of H. He is popular both as a business 
 man and citizen, and during the years he has been in business for himself as a mer- 
 chant tailor, has built up a profitable trade. 
 
 William E. Logan was bom February 9, 1849, and in 1857 came with his par- 
 ents, Eobert and Barbara (Shaw) Logan, to Morris Eun, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania. His father was a coal miner and worked in the mines at Morris Eun, Fall 
 Brook and Arnot, until 1875, when he removed to Jackson township, where he fol- 
 lowed farming until his death, September 15, 1884, at the age of sixty-nine years. 
 His widow died March 23, 1895, aged seventy-three years. William E. was one 
 of fourteen children, viz: James, who enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and 
 Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed at Gettysburg; Alexander, 
 a chute foreman at Arnot; Eobert, manager of Bell & Lewis' stores, Dubois, Penn- 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1129 
 
 sylvania; John S., an engineer on tlie Northern Central railroad, who resides in 
 Bbnira; Sarah, deceased wife of James Stevenson, of Cherry Flats, Tioga county; 
 William E., of Blosshurg; Margaret R., wife of John B. Brown, of Covington; 
 Jacob, who died in October, 1881; Charles S., a physician of Amot; Barbara, de- 
 ceased wife of E. J. Payne, of Jackson Summit, Tioga county; Jennie R., a resident 
 of Blossburg; Agnes N., a school teacher of Amot; David Y., a farmer at Jackson 
 Summit, and Lizzie W., who died November 11, 1895. Prom 1860 to 1871, Mr. 
 Logan worked in the mines, but in the latter year he entered the store of the Bloss- 
 burg Coal Company as a clerk, and continued in the employ of their successors, W. 
 W. Bradbury, and the W. W. Bradbury Company, until January, 1897, when he 
 located in Blossburg and there opened a groceiy store, which he has since carried 
 on. His long experience in Amot has given him a thorough knowledge of the busi- 
 ness, which will prove valuable to him in his new field of effort. On October 24, 
 1873, he married Elizabeth Prethero, a daughter of Charles and Ann Prethero, of 
 Morris Run. To this union have been bom six children, viz: Robert E., a book- 
 keeper in the office of the Bossburg Coal Company, at Amot; M. Gertrude, William 
 R., deceased; Charles P., deceased; James R., and Laura M., deceased. In politics, 
 Mr. Logan is a Republican. He served as justice of the peace from 1889 to 1894, 
 and has filled the various township offices. In religion, he is a member of the 
 Presbyterian church, and is also connected^ with the K. of P., of Amot. 
 
 Israel Biddle was born in Canton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, July 13, 
 1838, and is the third in a fiamily of eight children, born to Joseph and Elizabeth 
 (Headley) Biddle. His brothers and sisters are named as follows: Martha, de- 
 ceased; Wallace, a resident of Blossburg; Euphema, wife of Alfred J. Conklin; 
 Fidelo and Almerian, residents of Canton; Hettie, deceased, and Silas, also a resi- 
 dent of Canton. The parents were natives of Montour county, Pennsylvania, and 
 removed to Bradford county early in the thirties, where they passed the remainder 
 of their lives. Israel was reared on a farm and obtained a common school educa- 
 tion. He learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked until the breaking 
 out of the war. In April, 1861, in response to President Lincoln's first call, he 
 volunteered, but the quota being full his company was not accepted. In September, 
 1861, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 was mustered in as first corporal, and participated in the engagements of Ball's 
 Bluff, Big Bethel, Strausburg, Siege of Yorktown, New Kent Court House, Pair 
 Oaks, Seven Days' Eight before Richmond, and Malvern Sill. While building 
 an observatory or lookout, at Yorktown, he had three ribs broken by falling timbers 
 dislodged by shells from the rebel batteries. While engaged on the skirmish line 
 at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862, his blanket, which was rolled up on his shoulders, was 
 riddled with bullets, and a ball was imbedded in an ambrotype in his pocket, a like- 
 ness of the woman who became his wife. He was honorably discharged November 
 10, 1862, by reason of sickness arising from his injured side. In June, 1863, he 
 responded to the call for Emergency Men, and enlisted in Company C, Thirtieth 
 Pennsylvania Militia. He was made orderly sergeant of his company, and on June 
 25, 1863, he was promoted to second lieutenant. He was discharged with his com- 
 mand, July 26, following. His brother, Wallace, served in Company C, One Hun- 
 dred and Thirty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was severely wounded at 
 
1130 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Antietam; while his brother Fidelo was a member of Company D, One Hundred 
 and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and his brother Almerian, of Company C, 
 Thirtieth Pennsylvania Militia. The two latter re-enlisted in Company D, Fiftieth 
 IsTew York Engineers. Mr. Biddle was married September 3, 1863, to Adelia Den- 
 mark, a daughter of Jesse D. and Emeline Denmark, of Ward township, Tioga 
 county. Seven children have been born to this union, viz: Elmer E., a resident 
 of Kane, McKean county; Ina E., wife of Isaac H. Cook, of Blossbuig; Bert J., 
 Jesse D., Prank I., Elizabeth and Anna. After leaving the army Mr. Biddle re- 
 turned to Canton and resumed work at his trade. In 1871 he removed to Ogdens- 
 burg, Tioga county, and in 1876 settled in Blossburg, where for the past twenty 
 years he has worked as a carpenter. In politics, he is a Kepublican, and in religion, 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has held the of&ce of P. C. of 
 Brown Post, No. 171, G. A. K., of Blossburg, for seven successive terms, excepting 
 the year 1894. 
 
 Patkick Dwteb was bom and reared in County Tipperary, Ireland, and there 
 married Mary Eyan, a native of the same county. In 1853 he came to Pennsylvania 
 and settled at Blossburg, Tioga county, where he worked as a laborer. When the 
 coal mines were opened iip at Morris Eun he removed there, remaining four years. 
 He next found employment in the construction of the railroad from Blossburg to 
 Fall Brook, settling in the latter place upon its completion, and died in that borough, 
 March 8, 1888, aged sixty-six years. His widow makes her home with her son-in- 
 law, M. S. Murray, of Blossburg. She is seventy-two years of age. They were the 
 parents of six children, viz: John F., of Antrim; Edward P., who died September 
 19, 1882; Iforah, wife of M. S. Murray, of Blossburg; Michael, a resident of Antrim; 
 Mary, wife of Thomas Howe, of Fall Brook, and Bridget, a resident of Blossburg. 
 In religion, the family are adherents of the Catholic church, and in politics, sup- 
 porters of the Democratic party. 
 
 John F. Dwtee, eldest son of Patrick and Mary Dwyer, was bom in Morris 
 Eun, Tioga county, November 6, 1854. He attended the village school until ten 
 years of age, when he commenced working in the mines at Fall Brook. In Sep- 
 tember, 1879, he went to Corning, New York, and found employment as a brakeman 
 until July, 1880, when he returned to Fall Brook and had charge of the shipping 
 of coal for the Fall Brook Coal Company until April 1, 1881. On that date he took 
 charge of the Fall Brook Hotel, which he managed up to May 1, 1888. He then 
 removed to Antrim, where he has since conducted the Antrim Hotel, and is a suc- 
 cessful and popular landlord. Mr. Dwyer was married June 3, 1879, to Catherine 
 Kain, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Kain, of Painted Post, New York, who 
 has borne him seven children, as follows: John F., Edward P., who died August 
 19, 1893; James K., Elizabeth, Mary and Joseph (twins), and Paul. In politics, 
 Mr. Dwyer is a stanch Democrat, and is regarded as one of the leading members of 
 his party in the county. He is a member of the county committee, and in 1896 
 was one of the Democratic congressional conferees. In religion, he is a member of 
 the Catholic church, and is connected with Division No. 3, A. 0. H. He is essen- 
 tially a self-educated and self-made man, and owes his business success to untiring 
 effort and strict integrity. 
 
 M. S. MuERAY, proprietor of the Seymour House, Blossburg, was bom in County 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1131 
 
 Wateriord, Ireland, May 15, 1858, and is a son of Patrick and Catherine (Shanna- 
 han) Murray. He is the second in a family of six children, named as follows: 
 John, a resident of Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania; M. S., of Blossburg; Mary, wife 
 of M. J. Coyne, a resident of Wisconsin; William, an engineer on the Buffalo, 
 Eochester and Pittsburg railroad; Maggie, wife of William Daley, of Detroit, Michi- 
 gan, and Patrick, who died October 23, 1896. In April, 1864, the family immi- 
 grated to Poughkeepsie, New York, whence they removed two years later to Barclay, 
 Bradford county, Pennsylvania, remaining there until 1887. They then located in 
 Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, where the father died in February, 1893, and where 
 the mother is still living. The subject of this sketch was married September 38, 
 1882, to Norah Dwyer, a daughter of Patrick and Mary Dwyer, and has a family 
 of five children, viz: Mary, Edward, John, Genevieve ajid Francis. Mr. Murray 
 began workng in the mines when twelve years of age. In 1883 he became a clerk 
 in the Fall Brook Company's store, and in 1887 took charge of the Fall Brook Hotel, 
 which he managed successfully until January, 1895, when he leased the Seymour 
 House, at Blossburg, and since taking charge of the latter has largely increased its 
 patronage and proven himself a popular lajidlord. In polities, Mr. Murray is a 
 stanch Democrat, and in religion, a member of St. Andrews' Catholic church, of 
 Blossburg. He is a prominent member of the A. 0. H., has served several years 
 as county president, and in 1896 was elected state vice-president of that order. As 
 a business man, he is energetic and enterprising, and as a citizen, public-spirited 
 and progressive. 
 
 William F. O'Donnell, son of Eichard and Mary O'Donnell, was born in 
 Clare county, Ireland, April 10, 1845. His parents came to America in the spring 
 of 1854, and settled near Ealston, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania. In 1856 his 
 father purchased a farm near Canton, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, which he 
 cultivated for over thirty years. He died February 17, 1890, aged ninety-one years, 
 and his wife in Febmary, 1885, aged eighty-five years. The subject of this sketch is 
 one of nine children, of whom but two beside himself are living, viz: Mary, widow 
 of Daniel Downes, residing in Canton, Bradford county, and Eichard, a farmer of 
 Union township, Tioga county. Mr. O'Donnell received a common school education 
 in his youth. At the age of fifteen he went to Fall Brook and secured employment 
 as a woodsman. He afterwards secured the position of superintendent of mule 
 drivers in and about the mines at that place, filling it from 1872 to 1885. For the 
 next three years he was engaged in supplying and conducting a meat market in 
 Fall Brook. In August, 1888, he came to Blossburg, and bought the Yonkin 
 House, previously run by Joseph Yonkin. He changed the name to the O'Donnell 
 House, and carried it on until April, 1895. He then removed to Canton, intending 
 to embark in business. In April, 1896, he returned to Blossburg, purchased the 
 Murray House, and changed its name to the O'Donnell House. This he has since 
 successfully conducted. Mr. O'Donnell was married June 5, 1864, to Catherine 
 O'Donnell, a daughter of John and Nora O'Donnell, to which union nine children 
 have been bom, viz: Mary J., deceased; Margaret, Catherine, Elizabeth, Eichard, 
 Willie, deceased; John, William F., and one died in infancy. In politics, Mr. 
 O'Donnell is an independent, and while in Fall Brook he served as tax collector, 
 school director and secretary of the .school board. Mr. O'Donnell and family are 
 
1132 HISTOBT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 members of the Catholic church. He is a member of the C. K. of A. and of the A. 
 0. H., and is looked upon as one of the progressive and enterprising citizens of 
 Blossburg. 
 
 J. D. CoNNEES, son of J. D. and Mary (Sullivan) Conners, was bom in Way- 
 land, Steuben county, New York. He received a common school education and 
 when sixteen years of age left home and went to Morris Eun, where he was employed 
 in a meat market, continuing there until 1892, when he removed to Blossburg, and 
 embarked in the wholesale liquor business, which he still carries on. He was mar- 
 ried September 23, 1890, to Anna Fogarty, daughter of Daniel and Anna (Blake) 
 Fogarty, to which union one child, May, has been bom. In politics, Mr. Conners 
 is a Eepublican, and in religion, a Catholic. He is a member of the A. 0. H. While 
 a resident of Morris Eun he filled the office of auditor. He has one brother, D. J., 
 a farmer living near Curtis, New York. His mother died in 1877, and his father 
 in November, 1892. 
 
 Frank D. Andeews was bom in Wyoming county. New York, February 18, 
 1835. He came to Blossburg, Tioga coimty, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1871, and en- 
 gaged in the wholesale liquor business, which he has continued up to the present 
 time. He has ever taken an interest in the prosperity of the borough, and has done 
 much to promote its general welfare. He has been elected burgess of Blossburg 
 four times, and his previous terms were most successful in all the departments com- 
 ing under his jurisdiction. The streets were permanently improved, the cross walks 
 and culverts made of stone, the fire department well-equipped, the debt of the bor- 
 ough reduced and its affairs placed on an economical and business basis. The sub- 
 ject of water works had been agitated from time to time, without accomplishing the 
 desired purpose. Failing to enlist the council and the people in the enterprise of 
 putting in water works on their own account, Mr. Andrews was largely instrumental 
 in enlisting capital from another locality to accomplish the work, thus protecting, 
 to a large extent, the property of citizens from destructive fires and giving the 
 people an opportunity of securing pure water for drinking and culinary purposes. 
 Mr. Andrews is now filling his fourth term as burgess. He is a public-spirited 
 citizen, and highly respected for his integrity of purpose and for his interest in the 
 public good. 
 
 Fbancis Louis Viel was born in France, about the year 1815, and, while yet 
 a young man, removed to the Isle of Jersey, where he married Duce LeHuquet, 
 who bore him five children, viz: Mary Ann, wife of B. Vaselin, of Blossburg; Ann, 
 wife of Mr. Lainare, a resident of France; Francis A., of Blossburg; Elizabeth, wife 
 of Peter Eussell, of Aukland, New Zealand, and Jane, wife of Peter Bruielly, of 
 Blossburg. Mr. Viel, who was a contractor and builder, came to the United States 
 in 1881, and made his home with his son, Francis A., of Blossburg, Tioga coimty, 
 until his death. He died March 10, 1886, and his wife, in 1884. 
 
 Feancis a. Viel, only son of Francis Louis Viel, was bom on the Isle of 
 Jersey, August 23, 1847. He received a common school education, and served an 
 apprenticeship to the mason's trade. Coming to Pennsylvania in 1873, he located 
 in Blossburg, Tioga county, where he followed contracting and building until De- 
 cember, 1894, when he bought out the hardware and tinsmithing establishment of 
 Miller & Eussell. Mr. Viel was married January 1, 1867, in the Isle of Jersey, to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1133 
 
 Ann LeVesconte, to which union there haye been bom four children, viz: Anna, 
 deceased; Morenee, wife of William Besanceney, of Blossburg; Francis, and Annie. 
 Mr. Viel is a stanch Democrat, and has filled the office of borough assessor. He 
 is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and is also connected with the 
 Masonic and Odd Fellows' societies. He carried on a general hardware and tin- 
 smithing btfsiness up to November, 1896, and is now engaged in contracting and 
 building. 
 
 Albeet Beutee, son of Frederick and Lena (Plank) Beuter, was bom May 
 31, 1861, in Liberty township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. Two brothers, Wil- 
 liam and Henry, and one sister, Ethel, as well as his father and mother, reside in 
 Charleston township; while one brother, Perry, and a sister, Laura, are dead. The 
 subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a common school educa- 
 tion. In 1889 he went to Mansfield and worked in the saw-mill of Wilson Day. 
 In 1891 he came to Blossburg, and makes teaming his occupation, devoting himself 
 principally to delivering coal from the mine of Golden Brothers. Mr. Beuter was 
 married in March, 1885, to Anna Clemens, a daughter of Nicholas Clemens, of 
 Charleston township, Tioga county. They have three children: Harry, Lawrence 
 and Frederick. In politics, Mr. Beuter is a Democrat. 
 
 Nicholas Schultz, son of Andrew and Margaret (Zimmer) Schultz, was bom 
 in Prussia, Germany, January 18, 1844, and is the oldest of three children, born 
 to the first marriage of his father, his brother John, an engineer in the Staat- 
 Zeitung building, in Chicago, and himself being the only survivors. His mother 
 died in Germany in 1851, and his father married Theresa Vietchie, a native of 
 Baden, Germany. Jasper, the first-born of this union, and Jacob, the second, are 
 residents of Cohocton, Steuben county. New York. Mr. Schultz came to the 
 United States in 1850, and located in Syracuse, New York, where he was joined 
 by his sons, John and Nicholas, who came from Germany with an uncle, a few years 
 later. In 1861 the parents moved to Cohocton, where they still, reside, the father 
 being seventy-nine years of age. The subject of this sketch received a common 
 school education, and began life for himself as a farm hand in Herkimer county. 
 New York, where he worked for two years. He then found employment one year 
 with the Onondaga Salt Company, and later was a watchman for Stiles Eust, of 
 Syracuse, two years. He then entered the employ of Franklin N. Drake, of Cohoc- 
 ton, remaining there until 1866, when Mr. Drake transferred him to Amot, Tioga 
 county, Pennsylvania, where the coal mines were then being opened up. At the 
 time Mr. Schultz located in Amot there were but three houses in the place. He 
 went to work in the saw-mill as head sawyer and saw setter, continuing there for 
 three years, when he was given the position of saw filer, which he filled until 1881, 
 when he was made outside foreman of the mills at Amot, a position he has since 
 filled in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Schultz was married in July, 1869, to Margaret 
 Muntz, a daughter of John Muntz, of Cohocton, New York, and is the father of 
 seven children, named as follows: John, a resident of Cohocton; Margaret, de- 
 ceased; Frank, Flora, wife of James Creighton, of Amot; William, Nora, deceased, 
 and Eay. In politics, Mr. Schultz is a Democrat, and in religion, a member of the 
 Catholic church, of Arnot. He is also a member of the Father Matthew Branch 
 of the C. K. of A., of Blossburg. 
 
1J^34 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Matthew A. Blaie, son of Walter and Elizabeth (Allen) Blair, was bom in 
 Cumbernauld, Scotland, March 13, 1855, and is one of eight children, three of whom 
 are living. James, the fourth bom, is a physician in Groton, New York, and Wal- 
 ter, the youngest, is a clerk in the employ of the Bl'ossburg Coal Company at Amot, 
 Tioga county. The others died in early youth. In 1869, Matthew A. and his 
 father came to Pennsylvania and settled in Amot, Tioga county, where they found 
 employment in the mines. In 1870 his mother, with the remainder of the family, 
 joined them. His father died in October, 1876, aged forty-five years, but his mother 
 is still living. Mr. Blair received a common school education in. Scotland. At 
 eleven years of age he went to work in the mines, and followed coal' mining until 
 September, 1884, when he entered the store of the Blossburg Coal Company, in 
 Amot, as a clerk, which position he filled until 1888.^ He was then placed in 
 charge of the company's store at Landrus, where he remained until August, 1893, 
 when he returned to Amot, and, with Mack Scudder, took charge as manager of 
 the stores of the W. W. Bradbury Company. Mr. Blair was married January 11, 
 1884, to Nettie Mitchell, daughter of James 6. and Mary Mitchell, of Amot, to 
 which union have been born five children, viz: Walter, James, Nellie, Ethel and 
 Mary. In politics, Mr. Blair is a Republican. During his residence in Landrus 
 he served as postmaster, and also filled the offices of town clerk and school director. 
 He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and also of Bloss Lodge, No. 350, P. & 
 A. M., and of Arbon Lodge, No. 489, I. 0. 0. P. As the result of a practical ex- 
 perience of nearly thirty years, Mr. Blair is thoroughly acquainted with all the details 
 of coal mining, and by industry and an intelligent discharge of the responsible duties 
 of his various positions, has merited his successive promotions. 
 
 D. C. Watees, physician and surgeon, was born in Cortland county. New York, 
 April 26, 1842, and is a son of Aretus and Caroline Waters. His parents had a 
 family of twelve children, named as follows: Eunice and Sarah, both of whom died 
 in infancy; Alexander, a resident of Cortland county. New York; Merton, who 
 died May 22, 1894; Albertus, a resident of Nebraska; Oscar, who resides at Lan- 
 sing, Michigan; Orson, who lives in Truxton, New York; Alvah D., who died May 
 21, 1870; Henry, a resident of Cuyler, New York; D. C, a physician of Amot; 
 George, who lives in Australia, and Emily, wife of James Blanchard, of Baltimore, 
 Maryland. The father died November 17, 1869, aged eighty-seyen years, and the 
 mother. May 30, 1876, aged eighty-seven years. The subject of this sketch was 
 educated in the common schools and at the State Normal School, Cortland, New 
 York. In the winter of 1859-60 he attended lectures at the Medical College, George- 
 town, D. C. On May 9, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Twelfth New York Vol- 
 unteers, and on December 9, of the same year, he was transferred to Mt. Pleasant 
 Hospital, Washington, D. C, where he filled the position of hospital steward until 
 August 1, 1862, when he joined Company E, One Hundred and Pifty-seventh New 
 York Volunteers. The following December he was again transferred to Mt. Pleas- 
 ant Hospital, where he filled the position of acting assistant surgeon until discharged, 
 August 28, 1865. He soon after resumed his medical studies, and attended George- 
 town College, from which he graduated March 4, 1867. Sixteen days later he began 
 practice in Scott, Cortland county. New York, where he continued until November 
 21, 1870, when he removed to Amot, Tioga county, I'ennsylvania, where he has 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1135 
 
 since resided and practiced medicine. Dr. Waters was married November 1, 1868, 
 at Knoxville, Tioga county, to Miss Sue Brown, a daughter of Eev. J. W. Brown. 
 They are the parents of the following children: Nellie, wife of Seth Palmer, of 
 Baltimore, Maryland; Blanche, who died October 33, 1890; John W., Montgomery, 
 Gladys and Happy, all of whom are dead. In politics. Dr. Waters is a Eepublican, 
 and is now serving his fifth term as justice of the peace. He has also filled the office 
 of school director. The family are members of the Presbyterian church, and he is 
 connected with the K. of P., of Amot; Bloss Lodge, No. 350, F. & A. M.; Winter- 
 view Castle, No. 220, K. of G. E., of Amot, and Brown Post, G. A. E., of Bloss- 
 burg. Dr. Waters has built up a good practice and ranks among the skillful phy- 
 sicians of the county. He enjoys the respect and esteem of the people of Amot, 
 among whom he has lived and practiced his profession for a quarter of a century. 
 
 J. W. Jackson, son of Charles and Elizabeth Jackson, was born in Cornwall, 
 England, September 17, 1859. In 1868 his parents came to Pennsylvania and 
 settled in Burlington, Bradford county, remaining there until 1870, when they 
 removed to Blossbiirg, Tioga county, where they now reside. The subject of this 
 sketch is the eldest of four brothers. Charles E., resides in Binghamton, New 
 York; David E., in Elmira, and Alfred T., in Blossburg. Mr. Jackson received 
 a common school education, and learned the trade of a painter and paper hanger, 
 under his father. He later entered the drug store of Dr. Williams, of Blossburg, 
 and remained with him and his successor, Stewart Brothers, between one and two 
 years. He also clerked in the drug store of Ingram & Palmer and their successors 
 for several years. In 1880 he embarked in the drug business for himself, in the 
 store now occupied by Sehofield & Babcock, of Blossburg. He next went to Spring- 
 field, Illinois, where he followed painting until 1882, then returned to Blossburg, 
 and bought out Stincoman & Company, painters and paper hangers. In 1884 he 
 took charge of the drug store of the late Stephen Bowen, remaining until February, 
 1886, when he went to Amot to take charge of the drug department of the Bloss- 
 burg Coal Company's store, now the store of the W. W. Bradbury Company, which 
 position he has since occupied, and has discharged the duties thereof in a capable 
 and efficient manner. Mr. Jackson was married April 9, 1883, to Minnie M. 
 George, a daughter of Griffith George, of Springfield, Illinois, to which union have 
 been bom four children, viz: Percy H., Eoy W., Edward G. and Alfred J. In 
 politics, Mr. Jackson is a Eepublican, and has served as a member and treasurer of 
 the school board. He is P. N. G. of Arbon Lodge, No. 489, I. 0. 0. F. of Bloss- 
 burg; also P. H. P. of Enterprise Encampment, and a member of Bloss Lodge, No. 
 350, P. & A. M., of the same place. 
 
 Feank H. Welch, son of Jefferson and Lucy Ann (Palmer) Welch, was bom 
 in Sullivan township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1852, and is a de- 
 scendant of pioneer families of the county. He is one of eight children, his brothers 
 and sisters being named as follows: Jane, deceased wife of Horace Scott; Mary, 
 wife of Horace Welch, of Windfall, Bradford county; Stephen, Lanson and Charles, 
 all deceased; Bert, a resident of Blossburg, and Willis, who resides in Mansfield. 
 The father died in April, 1889, in his sixty-ninth year. His widow, who was born 
 November 25, 1821, resides near Mansfield, Tioga county. Frank H. was reared in 
 Sullivan township and attended the common schools of his district. He remained 
 
l\QQ HISTORY Of TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 on the farm until he was twenty-four years of age, when he entered the employ of 
 the Blossburg Coal Compajiy, as a woodsman, and later clerked in the company's 
 store at Amot. In 1889 he took charge of the Amot Hotel, and in September, 1892, 
 bought out the livery stable and undertaking business at that place, both of which 
 he now carries on in connection with his hotel. Mr. Welsh was married December 
 13, 1876, to Anna E. Months, a daughter of John Months, and a native of Dajiville, 
 New York, who bore him one son, Clyde. She died November 7, 1896, aged forty- 
 seven years. In politics, Mr. Welch is a Democrat, and is a member of the K. of 
 P., of Amot, and of Arbon Lodge, No. 489, 1. 0. 0. F., of Blossburg; also of Enter- 
 prise Encampment. Mr. Welch is a genial, affable gentleman, and is well liked 
 both as a business man and a citizen. 
 
 Geoege Watson, son of Peter and Catherine (Eogers) Watson, was bom in 
 Middleton, Orange county, New York, May 27, 1853, and is the oldest of six chil- 
 dren, the other members being as follows: Maggie, wife of Elias Sehultz, of Avoca, 
 New York; Kate, deceased; Andrew, a resident of Sayre, Pennsylvania; Agnes, 
 who resides with her mother in Waverly, New York, and Peter, a conductor on the 
 Lehigh Valley railroad, who resides in Sayre. The father died February 20, 1867. 
 Mr. Watson has followed lumbering since arriving at manhood. In 1883 he came 
 to Amot, Tioga county, and entered the employ of the Blossburg Coal Company. 
 Two years later he was made foreman of the companjr's saw-mill at Landrus, a posi- 
 tion he has since filled. On October 8, 1873, Mr. Watson wa^ married to Annie 
 Clark, a daughter of Patrick Clark, of Addison, New York, to which union have 
 been bom nine children, viz: John, Peter, Edward, Mary, Albert, Bessie, George, 
 Nellie and Curtis. In politics, Mr. Watson is a Democrat, and has served as town- 
 ship supervisor one term. He has also represented his party as a delegate to county 
 conventions. In religion, he is a member of the Catholic church. Years of ex- 
 perience in the woods and in the mill, have given Mr. Watson a thorough knowledge 
 of the lumber business, and has thoroughly equipped him for the discharge of the 
 duties of his present position. He has proven himself capable and competent, and 
 is popular with the men associated with him. 
 
 Mace Scuddee was bom in Prattsville, Greene county. New York, May 22, 
 1842. His parents, Daniel and Irene (Tole) Scudder, were natives of Delaware 
 county. New York. In 1848 the family removed to Equinunk, Wayne county, Penn- 
 sylvania, where his father built a tannery, which he operated until 1859, and then 
 removed to Middlebury Center, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. In 1863 he settled 
 in Elmira, New York, where he died in March, 1886, aged seventy-six years. His 
 wife died in July, 1873, aged fifty-four years. The subject of this sketch was one 
 of eleven children, six of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Sarah A., widow of 
 Col. J. S. Bates, of IClmira; Aaron A., a resident of New York City; M. E., widow 
 of Solomon Bennett, of Elmira; George P., who was first lieutenant of Company 
 F, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Cold 
 Harbor, and Charles T., deceased. In his youth Mr. Scudder received a common 
 school education, supplemented by a course at Knoxville Academy. He acquired 
 a practical knowledge of business as a clerk in Equinunk, where he served behind 
 the counter three and one-half years. He afterwards clerked in Elmira, a portion 
 of which time he was employed by a lumber firm as inspector and accountant. From 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1137 
 
 187j0 to 1873, he was employed in Mclntyre's store at Ealston, Lycoming coimty, 
 and then until the fall of 1876, with Col. J. S. Bates, of Driftwood, Cameron county, 
 in the mercantile business. In the autumn of 1876 he became yardmaster of the 
 Tioga division of the Erie railroad, at Elmira. On June 19, 1893, he became man- 
 ager of the W. W. Bradbury Company's store at Amot, Tioga county, as the suc- 
 cessor of W. W. Bradbury, deceased, which position he held until August 1, 1896. 
 Mr. Scudder was married December 30, 1866, to Maria L. Lord, a daughter of Free- 
 man A. and Abbie Lord, of Hancock, Delaware county, ISTew York. Eight children 
 have been born to this union, viz: Sarah Libbie, a graduate of the public schools 
 of Elmira; A. Irene, a graduate of the public schools of Elmira, and of the State 
 Normal School, at Cortland, New York; Maria Lord, a graduate of the public 
 schools of Elmira and the Elmira College; Joseph M., employed in the electric 
 plant at Landrus, Tioga county; Daniel P., a clerk in the ofSce of the Blossburg 
 Coal Company, at Amot; Theodore, Georgia and Wheeler. In polities, Mr. Scud- 
 der is a Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. 
 He is also a charter member of Driftwood Lodge, F. & A. M., of Driftwood, Penn- 
 sylvania, having been made a Mason of Hancock Lodge, Hancock, Delaware county, 
 New York, in 1865. 
 
 Thomas Deiscoll was born in Ireland, and came to Canada in 1837, locating 
 near Toronto, where he followed the occupation of a laborer. He married EUen 
 Connelly, also a native of Ireland, to which union were bom eight children, viz: 
 Michael and Patrick, residents of Morris Eun; Dennis and Thomas, both deceased; 
 Mary, a sister in St. Joseph's Catholic Hospital, at Erie, Pennsylvania; James; who 
 resides in Morris Eun; John, a resident of Blossburg, and Ellen, wife of Daniel 
 Duggan, of Morris Eun. In the fall of 1838 Mr. Driscoll removed to Mt. Morris, 
 New York, and two years later to Corning, where he lived four years. He next 
 located at Blossburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he was employed as a coal 
 miner until 1854, when the mines at Morris Eun were opened up and he removed 
 to that place. He continued coal mining until 1861, then bought a farm in Ward 
 township, upon which he passed the remainder of his life, dying February 9, 1893, 
 aged eighty-six years. His widow resides in Morris Eun, with her son-ia-law, Daniel 
 Duggan, and is now in her eighty-third year. 
 
 Michael Deiscoll, eldest son of Thomas Driscoll, was bom near Toronto, 
 Canada, July 17, 1838. He received a common school education, and early became 
 an employe in the mines at Blossburg and Morris Eun. He has worked in Morris 
 Eun since the opening of the mines ia 1854. In 1879 he was made foreman of 
 the Jones miae, a position he still holds. It is one of much responsibility, which 
 he has filled to the satisfaction of the company, and at the same time has made him- 
 self popular with the men under him. He is regarded as one of the best practical 
 miners in this section of the State. Mr. Driscoll was married October 17, 1865, to 
 Mary Duggan, a daughter of John and Mary Duggan, of Morris Eun, and has nine 
 children, viz: Ella, Mary, Thomas, Hannah, Kate, Anna, Alice, Elizabeth and John. 
 In politics, Mr. Driscoll is a Democrat, and has served four years as township assessor, 
 three as constable, and a number of terms as school director. In religion, he is a 
 Catholic, and. is a member of Branch, No. 30, C. K. of A., of Blossburg. Mr. Dris- 
 72 
 
;1138 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COtTNTT. 
 
 coll is one of the leading citizens of Morris Eun, and is known as a man of strict 
 integrity and high character. 
 
 Geohge Davis was horn in Old Park, Shropshire, England, and was a son of 
 Mark Davis. He learned the painter's trade in his native land, and in November, 
 1863, he came to the United States, being accompanied by his parents and other 
 members of his family, and located at Bloomsburg, Columbia county, Pennsylvania. 
 Here he remained two years, during which time his father died. In the fall of 1865 
 he removed to Morris Eun, Tioga county, and entered the employ of the Morris 
 Eun Coal Company, working at his trade during the summer and in the mines during 
 the winter seasons. A few years after his settlement in Morris Eun, his mother 
 died. For several years he carried the mail betwen Morris Eun and Pall Brook. In 
 1878 he opened a hotel in Morris Eun, which he carried on until his death, December 
 17, 1892, aged fifty-three years. Mr. Davis was manied in England, January 37, 
 1860, to Sarah Ann Tipton, a daughter of Isaac and Susanna Tipton, to which 
 union eight children were born, viz: Julia, wife of W. C. Fairman; Euth, widow 
 of A. D. McKenzie; William and Mark, residents of Blossburg; Emma M., deceased; 
 Bertha M., a graduate of the State Normal School at Mansfield, and now a teacher 
 in the public schools; Frederick G., a graduate of the same institution, and a stu- 
 dent in the Philadelphia Dental College, and Ealph T., a student at the State 
 Normal School, Mansfield. In politics, Mr. Davis was a Eepublican, and served 
 for a number of years as justice of the peace of Plamilton township. He was a mem- 
 ber of the I. 0. 0. P., K. of H., and K. of P. lodges of Morris Eun, and of Bloss 
 Lodge, No. 350, P. & A. M., of Blossburg. Mrs. Davis and her unmarried children 
 live in Morris Eun, and enjoy a comfortable competence left by a kind husband 
 and father. 
 
 James C. Hadley was born in Dudley, Worcestershire, England, May 26, 1852, 
 immigrated to Pennsylvania, in September, 1873, and located in Morris Eun, Tioga 
 county, where he followed the occupation of a coal miner. In July, 1880, he went 
 west, and for the next three years followed coal mining in Ohio, Iowa, Illinois and 
 Wyoming. In April, 1883, he returned to Moms Eun, and resumed working in 
 the mines. On November 7, 1893, he was promoted to mine foreman, a position 
 which he still holds. He is one of the valued and trusted employes of the com- 
 pany, and earned his promotion by years of faithful and efficient service. Mr. Had- 
 ley was married October 16, 1870, to Eoseanna Bennett, a daughter of Isaiah and 
 Eebeeca Bennett, of Dudley, Worcestershire, England. Twelve children have been 
 bom to this union, four of whom are living, viz: William, James B., Benjamin E. 
 and Mary Gertrude. Mrs. Hadley died March 18, 1893, aged forty-two years. In 
 politics, Mr. Hadley is a Eepublican, and has been secretary of the township school 
 board six years. He is a member of Morris Eun Lodge, No. 698, 1. 0. 0. P.; Tioga 
 Lodge, No. 304, K. of P., and Bloss Lodge, No. 350, F. & A. M., of Blossburg. Mr. 
 Hadley is not only a practical miner, but is well informed on matters of public in- 
 terest. He has a valuable private library, and is conversant with the standard works 
 of English literature. 
 
 Edgae a. McEntee was born January 4, 1857, in Leroy, Genesee county. New 
 York, and is a son of Owen and Kate (Hand) McEntee, natives of County Louth, 
 Ireland. His parents came to Genesee county. New York, in 1851, where his father 
 
BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1139 
 
 followed farming until his death, March 30, 1895, aged seventy-five years. His 
 mother died August 15, 1891, aged seventy-two. They were the parents of the fol- 
 lowing children: Mary, deceased wife of Nicholas Clemens; Annie, wife of George 
 Wilson, of Mansfield; Maggie, wife of Henry Priset, of the same place; William 
 and Thomas, both deceased; Edward and Edgar A., twins, the former a resident 
 of Corrunna, Michigan, and the latter a resident of Fall Brook; Frank, who lives 
 in Montana, and Eugene, who resides in Leroy, New York. The subject of this 
 sketch received a common school education, and in early manhood engaged in lum- 
 bering, working four years in different saw-mills in Charleston township, Tioga 
 county. In April, 1880, he went to Colorado, and continued the same business 
 between Denver and Leadville. In July, 1886, he went to Arkansas, where he was 
 employed in saw-mills until September, 1887, when he came to Fall Brook, Tioga 
 county, and worked in the saw-mill for a time. He then was promoted to the posi- 
 tion of outside foreman, which he still holds. Mr. McEntee was married June 6, 
 1888, to Mary Adams, a daughter of Eobert Adams, of Charleston township, and 
 has three children: Leone and lone, twins, and Edna May. In politics, Mr. Mc- 
 Entee is an ardent Democrat, and has served in the council of Fall Brook, and 
 three terms as burgess of that borough. He is a member of Bloss Lodge, No. 350, 
 F. & A. M., of Blossburg. Mr. McEntee is one of the most popular citizens of Fall 
 Brook, and a faithful and efiBcient employe of the company. 
 
 Stephen H. Wood was bom in Montgomery county. New York, November 33, 
 1834, a son of Hezekiah and Mary (Adamy) Wood, of that county. He was reared 
 in his native town, and February 15, 1849, he married Mary Jane Owen, a daughter 
 of Daniel and Ehoda Owen, of Tompkins county. New York. A year after their 
 marriage they removed to Granville, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, where they 
 lived until March, 1852, when they came to Tioga county and settled on the farm in 
 Bloss township, now the residence of their son, Harvey D. The land was then 
 covered with the primitive forest, in the midst of which Mr. Wood erected a frame 
 house, one of the first in that part of the county. Here he lived clearing and tilling 
 his land until his death, September 7, 1887, leaving one son, Harvey D. Three 
 daughters, Ehoda, Elmina C. and Clara Adel, died in early youth. He was a good 
 fanner, owned nearly 300 acres of well-improved land, and was one of the pros- 
 perous, progressive and leading agriculturists of the county. Mr. Wood was a stanch 
 Eepublican, in politics, and in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. He served nine months in Company A, One Hundred and Seventy-first 
 Pennsylvania Militia, and was a loyal, patriotic citizen. His widow resides in Mans- 
 field. 
 
 Haevey D. Wood was bom in Bloss township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 December 11, 1864, and is a son of Stephen H. and Mary J. (Owen) Wood. He 
 was educated in the common schools and at the State Normal School, Mansfield, 
 from which he graduated in 1884, and subsequently taught school a few years. 
 On August 33, 1888, Mr. Wood married Jennie Callender, of Peekville, Lackawanna 
 county, Pennsylvania, and has two children, Stephen E. and Harvey Dwight. In 
 politics, he is a Eepublican, and has served one term as township assessor. Besides 
 the old homestead on which he resides, he owns a farm of 100 acres across the line 
 in Charleston township, the two making a valuable property of 386 acres. Mr. Wood 
 
H40 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 is one of the leading farmers of the township, and is a man of education, enterprise 
 and public spirit. 
 
 Selah Phillips was born in North Wales, October 1, 1836, son of Philip and 
 Blizabetli Phillips. In 1866 he came to Blossburg, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, 
 but soon after went to Brookville, Ohio, where he worked as a coal miner for three 
 years. He then returned to Tioga county and worked in the coal mines at Amot 
 until 1888, when he moved to his present farm of thirty acres of land in the north- 
 west part of Bloss township, which he bought in 1878. Here he opened a general 
 store, which he has since carried on in connection with the cultivation of his land. 
 Mr. Phillips was married in "Wales, March 5, 1859, to Elizabeth Turner, a daughter 
 of James and Ann Turner, to which union have been born six children, viz: Blias 
 and Thomas, who reside at Lemont Furnace, Fayette county, Pennsylvania; Mary 
 Ann, wife of "Williajn Powell, of Blossburg, Tioga county; Elizabeth, wife of David 
 Williams, of Edwardsdale, Pennsylvania, and James and David, both of whom reside 
 at home. Mr. Phillips is a stanch Eepublican, and has served as treasurer of Bloss 
 township. He is a member of the Baptist church, and also of Arbon Lodge, No. 
 489, 1. 0. 0. F., of Blossburg. He is a quiet, unassuming man, whose life of industry 
 and integrity has won for him the respect of all who know him. 
 
 John E. Henet was born in Charleston township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 11, 1833, and is a son of James and Nancy Henry. His father was a 
 native of New Hampshire, and came with his parents to Charleston township, Tioga 
 county, at an early day, where he died in 1849, aged sixty years. His mother died 
 in 1871, aged sixty-seven years. They were the parents of the following children: 
 Lydia J., wife of Jacob Johnson, of Delmar township; Eliza, deceased wife of Venus 
 Growl, of the same township; Amanda, deceased wife of Tunis Bush, of Gaines 
 township; John B., Eosalie, deceased, who was twice married, first to James Bush, 
 and afterwards to James Hakes; Chloe, wife of Ben Carson; James H., a resident 
 of Prescott, Pierce county, Wisconsin; Orville, deceased, and Eichard, a resident 
 of Potter county. John E. was reared in Charleston township, and on March 18, 
 1864, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and served until May, 1865. His brothers, Orville and Eichard, were 
 in the same company and regiment. Mr. Henry was married May 10, 1854, to 
 Hannah Kimball, daughter of Lazell Kimball, of Charleston township, to which 
 union have been born three children, viz: Geraldine, wife of Charles Patterson, of 
 Hornellsville, New York; Josephine, who died in infancy, and Charles M., who lives 
 on an adjoining farm to his father's. In politics, Mr. Henry is a Eepublican, and 
 has filled the office of school director. He is a member of the Grange at Eound 
 Top, and of George Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. E., of Wellsboro. Mr. Henry is the 
 owner of a well-improved farm in Bloss township of 100 acres, and is one of the lead- 
 ing farmers of this section of the county. 
 
 LIBEETY AND UNION TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Jonathan Sebeing, a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, settled at Liberty, 
 Tioga county, in 1813, where he became proprietor of the old Block House tavern, 
 succeeding its original landlord, Anthony. He kept this house for many years, 
 entertaining the pioneers and travelers over the Williamson road, and finally erected 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1141 
 
 on the same site the Liberty Hotel. Mr. Sebring was a shoemaker and carpenter, 
 which trades he followed while conducting the hotel, and also cleared and cultivated 
 a farm. He sold out and went to Wisconsin in 1856, where he resided until his 
 death, in 1879, at the remarkable age of ninety-six years. To Jonathan Sebring and 
 wife were bom thirteen children, twelve of whom lived to maturity. He was one 
 of the real pioneers of Liberty, and endured the privations, hardships and trials 
 incident to that period. 
 
 EoBBRT C. Seeking, a son of Jonathan Sebring, was bom in Liberty, Tioga 
 county, April 5, 1819, and obtained his education in the pioneer schools of his native 
 place. In 1835 he began clerking in his brother John's store, in Liberty. In 1840 
 his brother removed to Jersey Shore, Eobert C. continuing the business at Liberty 
 until about 1856, when he sold a half interest to William Narber, who subsequently 
 purchased the remaining interest. In 1867 he erected a new store building and 
 formed a partnership with Horace Fellows, who a few weeks later sold Ms interest 
 to Charles A. Miller and the firm became Sebring & Miller. It so continued until 
 the autumn of 1872, when Mr. Sebring bought out his partner and carried on the 
 business alone one year. He then sold out to Charles A., Nathaniel and Ira Miller 
 and took charge of the Eagle Hotel, which he conducted for twO' years. In 1875 
 he engaged in farming, and three years later purchased the Liberty Hotel, fo'rmerly 
 owned by his father, which he carried on up to within a short time of his death. In 
 May, 1844, Mr. Sebring married Phoebe Keed, of Trout Eun, Lycoming county, who 
 bore him eight children, four of whom are living, viz: John, a resident of Lock 
 Haven; Clara P., wife of C. A. Miller, of Liberty; Mattie, wife of Nathaniel Skin- 
 ner, of WUliamsport, and Grant, of Liberty. Mr. Sebring died May 33, 1884, and 
 his wife, June 21, 1891. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 PoHtieally, he was a Eepublican, and was also a charter member and Past Grand 
 of Block House Lodge, No. 398, I. 0. 0. F., of Liberty. 
 
 Gbant Seeking, proprietor of the Sebring House, at Liberty, was bom in 
 Liberty borough, Tioga county, March 8, 1865, and is the youngest living child of 
 Eobert C. Sebring. After completing a common school course, he attended the 
 Williamsport Commercial College. When but fifteen years of age he and his brother 
 John built and conducted the Coleman House, at Morris, Tioga county, where they 
 also carried on a general mercantile business. In 1885 he sold his interest and en- 
 gaged in farming, which he continued to follow until February, 1888. At that time 
 he purchased his present hotel property, and has since carried on the business suc- 
 cessfully. On April 5, 1888, Mr. Sebring married Emma H. Hartsock, a daughter 
 of John Hartsock, who has borne him one child, Clara Belle, deceased. In politics, 
 Mr. Sebring is a Eepublican, and is a member of the borough council. He is also 
 connected with Block House Lodge, No. 398, I. 0. 0. F., and Washington Camp, 
 No. 628, P. 0. S. of A., of Liberty. Mr. Sebring is recognized as a genial and suc- 
 cessful landlord, and the Sebring House is not only the leading hotel in the bor- 
 ough, but is patronized by the majority of the traveling trade. 
 
 John Sheffee, Se., was one of the earliest settlers of Liberty, Tioga county, 
 Pennsylvania. He was bom in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1779, the 
 son of a Eevolutionary soldier, whose ancestors came from Holland. He was 
 reared in his native county and there learned the tailor's trade. Mr. Sheffer was 
 
1142 HISTOKT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 twice married, but his first wife lived only a brief period. June 8, 1803, he mar- 
 ried Susannah Reynolds, and soon after removed to Williamsport, Lycoming county. 
 Here he continued working at his trade for several years, or until his appointment 
 as deputy sheriff. While filling that office he became security for a debtor and his 
 property was sold to satisfy the claim. Discouraged and disgusted by such treat- 
 ment he removed with his family to Liberty township, Tioga county, in February, 
 1814, and bought of John Norris 150 acres of academy land on what has been since 
 known as "Shefler Hill." Here in the midst of an almost unbroken wilderness he 
 erected a rude cabin and began the arduous task of carving a home from the primi- 
 tive forest. While devoting his principal attention to agriculture he also worked 
 at his trade for the pioneers and did considerable surveying, which business ho fol- 
 lowed until his death, August 5, 1841. His wife survived him until September, 
 1860. They were the parents of the following children: John, William, Samuel, 
 Elizabeth, who married William Harmon; Catherine, who married Peter Lutz; Jacob, 
 Polly, Susannah, who married Daniel Miller; Joseph, Mary, Michael, Julia 
 Ann, who married Nicholas Elter; George E., and Sarah. Of these Mrs. Miller, 
 Michael, Mrs. Elter and George E. survive. Mr. Shelter and wife were members of 
 the Lutheran church. In politics, he was a Democrat, and served as justice of the 
 peace in Liberty for many years. 
 
 John Sheffek, Je., was born in Williamsport, Lycoming county, February 8, 
 1803, and was a lad of eleven years of age when his parents settled at Liberty, Tioga 
 county. In 1816-17 he carried the mail on horseback between Williamsport and 
 Painted Post, being thus one of the pioneer mail carriers of this section. He after- 
 wards learned the blacksmith's trade in Williamsport. May 13, 1835, he married 
 Sarah Shaffer, a daughter of John Shaffer, of White Deer valley, Lycoming county, 
 Pennsylvania, and the same year opened a blacksmith shop in Liberty, where he 
 carried on business continuously forty-five years, retiring in 1870. To John and 
 Sarah Sheffer were born ten children, viz: George, Henry, Mari;in, and Philip, the 
 last three of whom are dead; Susan, wife of Charles Hagenbach, of Kansas; Sarah, 
 wife of Jonas Artley, of Bradford, McKean county; George Washington, of Bloss- 
 burg; Alpheus, of Liberty; Elvina, and Ada, wife of Jabez Hancher, of Liberty. 
 Mr. Sheffer and wife were members of the Lutheran church, and died November 8, 
 1876, and April 4, 1887, respectively. In politics, he was a stanch Democrat, and 
 served as a school director for many years. 
 
 Alpheus Sheffeb, youngest son of John Sheffer, Jr., and grandson of John 
 Sheffer, Sr., was born in Liberty township, Tioga county, February 15, 1841. He 
 obtained a common school education, and learned the blacksmith's trade with his 
 father, with whom he remained from 1857 to 1870, when he started in business for 
 himself, in which he still continues. March 8, 1863, he married Jennie, a daughter 
 of Daniel Achenbach, of White Deer valley, Lycoming county, who has borne him 
 five children, viz: Leona, deceased; Kate, wife of John Budd, of Williamsport; 
 Harry G., Jennie, deceased, and Carrie. Harry G. was bom November 4, 1868, 
 learned the blacksmith's trade with his father, which he followed up to 1891, when 
 he began clerking in the Wilcox House, in Towanda, and remained there until 1894. 
 He then secured a position as brakeman on the Northern Central railroad, but is now 
 working with his father. Mr. and Mrs. Sheffer are members of the Lutheran church. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1143 
 
 In politics, the family is Democratic, and Mr. Sheffer has filled the offices of con- 
 stable and school director. He is also a member of Block House Lodge, No. 398, 
 I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Samuel Shepfee, third son of John ShefEer, Sr., was born in Williamsport, 
 Lycoming county, January 11, 1806, and was eight years old when his parents set- 
 tled at Liberty, Tioga county. Here he grew to manhood and learned the carpen- 
 ter's trade, which business he followed the greater part of his life. He was also a 
 stage driver between Williamsport and Sunbury, and Elmira and Painted Post for 
 several years. He married Susan Kinsman, a daughter of James Kinsman, of 
 Towanda, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, to which union were born eleven children, 
 as follows: James, of Liberty; Harrison, Evan, and Lydia Jane, all of whom are 
 dead; Amanda, wife of George Hartley, of Lycoming county; Theodore, a resident 
 of Decatur county, Iowa; Eiland, who lives in Nebraska; Frank, a resident of Mil- 
 lerton, Tioga county; Cornelia and Amelia, residents of Denver, Colorado, and one 
 that died in infancy. Mr. Sheffer died in Liberty, January 31, 1889, while his wife 
 died in Iowa, in 1893. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and 
 in politics, he was a Eepublican. 
 
 James Sheffer, eldest child of Samuel Sheffer, and grandson of John Sheffer, 
 Sr., was born in Towanda, Bradford county, February 10, 1837. He was reared in 
 Liberty, and learned the carpenter's and cabinet-maker's trades with his father. 
 In 1858 he married Elizabeth Caylor, a daughter of Isaac Caylor, of Lycoming 
 county, to which union have been born eight children, viz: Celestia, wife of John 
 Mitchell, of Blossburg; Emma, wife of Joseph Eidge, of Tioga county; Isaac P., 
 Ella, wife of Frank Bastian; Mamie, wife of George Heyler; Alice, Edith and Lela. 
 Mr. Sheffer served in Company F, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, towards 
 the close of the Eebellion. In 1865 he removed to Iowa, where he lived seven 
 years. He then returned to Tioga county and has since made his home in Liberty 
 borough, where he follows the carpenter's trade. In politics, he is a 'Eepublican, 
 and in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Michael Sheffer is the oldest living son of John and Susannah (Eeynolds) 
 Sheffer, and was bom on Sheffer hill, in Liberty township, Tioga county, November 
 17, 1821. He was reared upon the homestead farm, spending his boyhood days 
 in the rugged pursuits of clearing off the forest and tilling the soil, the country at 
 that time being a comparative wilderness. In 1839 he went to Williamsport, where 
 he learned the wagon-making trade, remaining there two years. Eetuming to 
 Liberty he established a shop, and was engaged in the wagon-making business up 
 to within the last few years. September 28, 1843, Mr. Sheffer married Mary E. 
 Cox, a daughter of William Cox, and a sister of Gen. Eobert C. Cox, of Well'sboro. 
 Five children were bom to this union, as follows: Francis Marion, the present 
 prothonotary of Tioga county; Sarah J., wife of William Woodruff, of Liberty; 
 Warren, who is in the employ of the Arnot Coal Company; Edgar, who is engaged 
 in business in Clearfield county, and Eobert, who died in infancy. Mr. Sheffer is 
 a stanch Eepublican and has filled several of the local offices. For more than half 
 a century he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has filled 
 the position of teacher and superintendent of the Sunday-school since its organi- 
 zation. He justly enjoys the confidence and esteem of his neighbors and a wide 
 
1144 HISTOHT OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 circle of friends, and has been a resident of Liberty township for over three-quarters 
 of a century. 
 
 Fkancis Maeion Sheffeb, prothonotary of Tioga county, was bom in Liberty 
 township, Tioga county, August 17, 1844, a son of Michael and Mary E. (Cox) 
 Sheffer. He was educated in the public schools of Liberty township, and when 
 seventeen years of age entered his father's shop to learn wagon-making. When 
 twenty-one years old he began life for himself, and worked at his trade in Liberty 
 township imtil 1881, when he purchased a saw and planing-mill, which he operated 
 until 1889. Mr. Sheffer has always been an ardent Eepublican and has given an 
 unwavering support to that party. In the autumn of 1864, he enlisted in Company 
 
 D, Ifinety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. 
 While a resident of Liberty, he filled the offices of school director and constable three 
 years each, and that of justice of the peace five years. He was elected sheriff of 
 Tioga county in 1889, served in that office three years, and then returned to his home 
 in Liberty township. In 1893 he was elected prothonotary, and was re-elected in 
 1896, which position he still occupies. He is one of the most efficient and popular 
 officials in the county, and is quite prominent in the local councils of his party. 
 Mr. Sheffer was married December 28, 1864, to Margaret L. Bastian, a daughter of 
 Benjamin Bastian, of Jackson township, Lycoming county, to which union have 
 been born two children: Leroy W., deceased, and Ada B. The family are members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Sheffer belongs to the Masonic order. 
 
 Chables a. Miller, merchant, was born in Jackson township, Lycoming 
 county, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1840, and there grew to manhood. He obtained 
 a common school education, and subsequently entered the employ of Werline & 
 Miller, merchants of Liberty, Tioga county. At the end of two years he purchased 
 the interest of Mr. Werline, and the firm then became H. Miller & Company. In 
 1863 this partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Miller worked in saw-mills and at lum- 
 bering. In 1864, in coimection with Isaac Miller, he built a saw-mill at Eoaring 
 Branch, which they operated until 1867, when he sold out to his partner. He then 
 entered the employ of Sebring & Fellows, general merchants at Liberty, and one 
 month later bought the interest of Mr. Fellows and continued as a member of the 
 firm of Sebring & Miller until 1872. In that year he sold out to E. C. Sebring and 
 removed to his farm in Jackson township, Lycoming county, but in 1873 purchased 
 the Sebring store, in partnership with his brothers, Nathaniel and Ira, and carried 
 on the business up to 1877, when his brothers sold out to G. T. Werline. Mr. Wer- 
 line continued as a partner until 1883, since which time Mr. Miller has conducted the 
 business alone, being to-day the leading merchant of the borough. Mr. Miller has 
 met with considerable losses during his business career. In 1865 his mill and boom 
 were swept away, and December 5, 1879, his store was destroyed by fire. His safe 
 has been robbed three times, and he also suffered much loss by the great June flood. 
 Notwithstanding these reverses, Mr. Miller is to-day the owner of one of the leading 
 business houses in Tioga county, as well as one of its most substantial citizens. On 
 July 15, 1869, he married Clara F. Sebring, a daughter of Eobert C. Sebring, of 
 Liberty, to which union have been bom four children, viz: Merton E., Phoebe 
 Belle, wife of George C. McVoy, of Carney, Michigan; Minnie M., wife of Fred 
 
 E. Baird, and Fred B. Mr. Miller is an enthusiastic Eepublican. He was ap- 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1145 
 
 pointed postmaster of Liberty under President Harrison's administration and served 
 nearly five years. He has also filled the offices of justice of the peace, school director 
 and auditor. In 1896 he was chosen as one of the Eepublican delegates to the state 
 convention at Harrisburg. He is a Past Grand of Block House Lodge, "No. 398, 
 I. 0. 0. F., and is also a member of Washington Camp, No. 638, P. 0. S. of A. 
 
 Meeton E. Millee, eldest child of Charles A. Miller, was born in Liberty, 
 Tioga county, April 7, 1870, and obtained his education in the common schools and 
 at Williamsport Commercial College, from which institution he graduated in 1889. 
 He afterwards took a special course in stenography and typewriting, and then en- 
 tered his father's store in Liberty, where he has reniained up to the present. Mr. 
 Miller is an ardent Eepublican, and has filled the positions of auditor, inspector, 
 clerk and chairman of the vigilance committee. He is a member of Amot Lodge, 
 No. 465, K. of P., of Amot; Washington Camp, No. 628, P. 0. S. of A., of Liberty, 
 and is also connected with the L. A. W. and the Williamsport Turn Verein. 
 
 William F. Weseman, M. D., is a native of Goettengen, Kingdom of Hanover, 
 Germany, where he was born December 23, 1822. His father, Frederick Weseman, 
 was a prominent government official, and a member of a leading German family. 
 William F. spent his boyhood in the University of Hanover, and at the age of twenty- 
 two entered the Medical University at Goettengen, \7here he pursued a full course 
 of study. When twenty-five years of age he came to the United States and com- 
 menced the practice of medicine in the Mahanoy valley, Northumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he remained four years. In 1852 he located in Liberty, Tioga 
 county, and during the succeeding twelve years built up a large practice. On Sep- 
 tember 8, 1864, Dr. Weseman was commissioned by Governor Curtin quartermaster 
 of the Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, with the rank of first 
 lieutenant, and served with his regiment until the close of the war, being mustered 
 out May 31, 1865. He then resumed practice in Liberty, which he continued up to 
 a recent date, when he retired from the active duties thereof. Dr .Weseman has been 
 very successful in his profession, enjoyed an extensive practice, and was held in high 
 esteem because of his medical skill and kind attention at the bedside of the suffering. 
 He is a member of the G. A. E., and one of the oldest physicians in Tioga county, 
 where he has lived for nearly half a century. 
 
 Daniel Haetsock was bom in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, in September, 
 1806. His parents removed to Williamsport a few years later, and when Daniel was 
 seven years old they located in Jackson township, Lycoming county, where he grew 
 to manhood. He married Magdalena Brion, whose parents were early settlers of 
 that locality, and in 1830 removed to Liberty township, Tioga county, where both 
 he and wife resided until death. They were the parents of twelve children, seven 
 of whom are living, as follows: Christina, widow of James McVoy; Eiehard H., 
 a resident of Liberty; George, Mary, wife of John Eaker; Elizabeth, wife of Sylvester 
 Keeler; Harriet, wife of Seth Wilson, of Nebraska; Jacob, deceased; Levi, Samuel, 
 Daniel and Henry, the last three of whom are dead. Mr. Hartsock died in 1885, and 
 his wife in 1880. They were members of the Lutheran church, and in politics, he 
 was a Eepublican. At the time of his death Mr. Hartsock was one of the largest land 
 owners in Liberty township. 
 
 EiCHAED H. Haetsock, oldest son of Daniel Hartsock, was bom in Liberty 
 
1146 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 township, Tioga county, December 11, 1833, and was reared on the homestead farm. 
 At the age of twenty-one he engaged in merchandising at Liberty, which business 
 he followed for three years, and then began dealing in wild lands in connection with 
 fajming. In 1881 he established a general store in Liberty, which business he con- 
 tinued for eleven years. In 1893 he embarked in the milling business, followed it 
 for two years, and then engaged in stock and grain dealing, which he has continued 
 up to the present. In politics, Mr. Hartsoek is a stanch Kepublican, and is one of 
 the oldest and most substantial citizens of his native place. 
 
 Fkedeeick Heylee came from Stuttgart, Germany, about 1818, and settled 
 on a farm in Liberty township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. He was married in 
 Germany to Dora Goodschmert, who bore him nine children, as follows: Frederick, 
 Mary, who married Henry Kohn, of Lycoming county; Catherine, who married John 
 Linek, of Morris; Jackson, deceased; John, Daniel, deceased; Mina, who mar- 
 ried Fred Boger; Caroline, who married Jacob Gleckner, and Gottlieb. In politics, 
 Mr. Heyler was a Democrat, and in religion, a member of the Lutheran church. He 
 died in November, 1881, and his wife in May, 1876. 
 
 John Heylee was bom in Liberty township, Tioga county, in September, 1836, 
 a son of Frederick Heyler, and has spent his entire life in his native township, en- 
 gaged in agricultural pursuits. On May 11, 1853, he married Elizabeth Boger, who 
 became the mother of nine children, as follows: Julia Ann, wife of William Snyder; 
 Johanna, wife of Samuel Maneval; Mary Ann, wife of John Mayer, of South Dakota; 
 Joseph, who married Annie Smith; Samuel, who married Annie Purhan; John, 
 who lives in South Dakota; Edwin and Emma, both of whom live in South Dakota, 
 and Titus, who lives with his parents. Mr. Heyler is a stanch Democrat, and is a 
 member of the Lutheran church. 
 
 John Fick was born in Northimiberland county, Pennsylvania, a son of John 
 Fick, who removed from Berks county to Northumberland county in 1793. In 
 1835 the family came to Liberty township, Tioga county, where the father died in 
 1863. At the age of twenty-four Mr. Fick left home and lumbered for two years 
 along Big Pine creek, and later worked two years on the Tioga railroad, from Mans- 
 field to Berry's bridge. He subsequently bought a farm in Liberty township, on 
 which he lived until 1890, when he sold out and moved to Liberty borough. He 
 reared a family of four sons, viz: Levi J., Huling J., Perly H. and Albert L.; also 
 an adopted daughter, Mary S., who married Abraham L. Monroe, of Delmar town- 
 ship. Mr. Fick has retired from active labor and is spending the evening of his life 
 with his son, Albert L., of Liberty, being now seventy-seven years old. In religion, 
 he is a Lutheran, and in politics, an adherent of the Democratic party. 
 
 Peely H. Fick, third son of John Fick, was born in Liberty township, Tioga 
 county, July 37, 1857. He was reared on his father's farm and attended the com- 
 mon schools of the district. At the age of twenty-one he began lumbering, which 
 business he continued for eight years. He then went to Detroit, Michigan, worked 
 at house-painting in that State for three years, at the end of which period he re- 
 turned to Tioga county and bought his father's farm. He farmed one year, then 
 sold out and worked at house-painting for two years, when he purchased a tract of 
 land in Pine township, Lycoming county, where he engaged in clearing the land 
 and lumbering. In the spring of 1895 he bought a small place a mile and a half from 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1147 
 
 Liberty borough, where he follows faxming and painting as an occupation. In 
 politics, he is a Democrat. Mr. Fick was married in Wellsboro, May 2, 1890, to 
 Delila A. Boswell, a daughter of Kichard E. Boswell. Her father was a native of 
 Conway, Stafford county. New Hampshire, ajid settled at English Centre, Lycoming 
 county, where Mrs. Fick was bom November 9, 1854. She is the mother of one 
 daughter, Katherine May, bom July 8, 1893, the only grandchild in the family. 
 
 Petek Maneval emigrated from Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1828, and set- 
 tled in Liberty township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania. His parents, Peter Maneval 
 and wife, came a short time afterwards and located close to their son. Both Peter 
 and his father were stocking weavers, which trade they followed in their native land. 
 Our subject was the eldest in a family of four children, viz: Peter, Jacob, Louis and 
 John. The father died in 1834, while the mother survived until 1856, living to the 
 ripe age of ninety-two years. The subject of this sketch was married in Germany, 
 but his wife died soon after coming to this county, leaving four children, viz: David, 
 deceased; Charles, who lives in Lycoming county; Peter, deceased, and Jacob, a resi- 
 dent of Salladasburg, Lycoming county. Mr. Maneval married for his second wife, 
 Maria Kopp, of Liberty, who became the mother of five children, as follows: Mary, 
 wife of Jacob Essiek, of Blossburg; Susan, Catharine, widow of Henry Root; John, 
 of Liberty, and Elizabeth, wife of James Morehouse. In politics, Mr. Maneval was 
 a Democrat, and in religion, a Lutheran. He died in 1856, and his wife in 1889. 
 
 David Maneval, eldest child of Peter Maneval, was born in Wurtemburg, 
 Germany, in October, 1817, and was eleven years old when his parents settled in 
 Liberty, Tioga county, where he grew to manhood. In 1837 he married Elizabeth 
 Boger, a daughter of Jacob Boger, who bore him a family of thirteen children, as 
 follows: Peter, a resident of Ohio; Eosanna, wife of Michael Heyd, of Lycoming 
 county; Benjamin, of Liberty township; Daniel, who lives in Williamsport; Ed- 
 ward, deceased; Aaron, a resident of Ohio; Mary, deceased wife of Albert Douglas; 
 Catherine and David, both deceased; James, who lives in Denver, Colorado; "Wilson, 
 a resident of Clearfield county; Elizabeth, wife of Charles Cowden, of Williams- 
 port, and one that died in early youth. In politics, Mr. Maneval was originally 
 a Democrat, but joined the Eepubliean party in 1860. He filled the ofiices of super- 
 visor, school director and oollector in Mifilin township, Lycoming county, and spent 
 his entire life engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the Evangelical 
 Protestant church. His death occurred in August, 1864, and that of his wife, in 
 November, 1890. He remjsved to Lycoming county in 1846, where he spent the 
 remaining years of his life. 
 
 Benjamin Maneval, second son of David Maneval, and grandson of Peter 
 Maneval, was bom in Liberty township, Tioga county, April 8, 1842, and was four 
 years old when the family removed to Lycoming county. He there grew to maturity 
 and learned the blacksmith's trade at Linden, Lycoming county, and Turbottville, 
 Northumberland county. He worked at his trade in those two counties until the 
 spring of 1865, when he returned to Liberty township, Tioga county, settled at 
 Nauvoo, and has since followed blacksmithing and farming at that place. January 
 1, 1865, he married Mary Linck, of Moms township, who has borne him five children, 
 viz: Elizabeth, wife of Freemont Russell, of Omaha, Nebraska; Charles E., William 
 H., Lydia May, and one that died in infancy. Mr. Maneval is a stanch Republican, 
 
1148 HISTOEY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 has served as a school director, and in religion, is an adherent of the Evangelical 
 Protestant church. He is one of the prosperous and progressive citizens of his native 
 township. 
 
 William H. Maneval, youngest son of Benjamin Maneval, was born in Liberty 
 township, Tioga county, July 11, 1871. After attending the common schools of 
 the district, he settled down on the homestead farm, where he has remained up to 
 the present. He is an ardent Eepublican, and is now filling the office of school 
 director. In 1896 he was a candidate for county commissioner, and considering 
 the number of candidates in the field, he received a flattering vote. Mr. Maneval 
 is a member of the Union church at Nauvoo. 
 
 Lewis Moyee was bom in Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1829, a son of Jacob 
 Moyer, a native of the same place. His father immigrated to Pennsylvania, remained 
 a short time at Mauch Chunk, and in 1831 came to Liberty township, Tioga county, 
 and settled near the old "Block House." Here he spent the remaining years of his 
 life, dying at the age of seventy-five. Lewis was but two yeais old when his parents 
 settled in Liberty township. He was reared on the homestead farm, and attended 
 the common schools of his district. In 1854 he married Mary Kopp, a daughter of 
 John Kopp, of Liberty tovmship, to which union have been bom seven children, 
 as follows: Henry L., Minerva, wife of John S. Brion, who has three sons, Edwin, 
 Charles and Iver; Almina, deceased; Ida C, wife of George D. James, a native of 
 Derbyshire, England, who lives in Liberty township; William W., Edmond and one 
 that died in infancy. On February 21, 1865, Mr. Moyer enlisted in Company D, 
 Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged from the service at 
 Washington, D. C, June 39, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Moyer are members of the Evan- 
 gelical church. In politics, he is a Democrat, and one of the substantial farmers of 
 the township. 
 
 Alexander Hahvey was born in Scotland, in 1820, and immigrated to the 
 United States in the early sixties. He spent a short time in the Pittsburg region 
 and then located at Amot, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, before the railroad was 
 completed into that now famous coal field. He was among the pioneers of what is 
 now one of the leading coal fields in Pennsylvania. Mr. Harvey was a good citizen, 
 and was widely known for his honesty, integrity and originality. He had a family of 
 ten sons and one daughter, all of whom were in the employ of the Arnot Coal Com- 
 pany. Seven sons and one daughter are living, viz: Four sons in Amot, one in 
 Alaska, one in Colorado, and one in Parrandsville, Clinton county, while the daugh- 
 ter lives on the homestead farm in Liberty township with her widowed mother, who 
 still retains a strong and vigorous constitution at the age of seventy-six years. Prior 
 to the death of two sons, one of whom was killed in Colorado and the other in the 
 woods near Amot, it was no uncommon thing to see the parents and their eleven 
 children all together at the home farm. Through the frugal habits of Mrs. Harvey, 
 they finally saved enough to purchase a good farm of 320 acres in Liberty township, 
 Tioga county, and there Mr. Harvey passed his declining years, after being connected 
 with mining for half a century. He died on his farm in Liberty, January 9, 1895, 
 and was interred beside his three sons in Blossburg cemetery. The family were all 
 ardent Eepublicans, and in 1880 Mr. Harvey and his ten sons marched to the polls 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1149 
 
 and voted for James A. Garfield for president, an event which brought their names 
 into local prominenee. 
 
 The oldest son, John C. Harvey, is perhaps the best known of the children. He 
 had traveled extensively before locating in Tioga county, and induced the family 
 to come to the coal region. He became well known over Tioga county, especially 
 in political and labor circles, and his advice was keenly sought in all mining troubles. 
 He was foremost in the memorable fight for the establishment of check-weighmen 
 on the tipples, in opposition to the Erie Eailroad Company. He has always been a 
 stanch Eepublican, and his influence in the coal region was recognized by the local 
 party leaders. Mr. Harvey is now employed with the famous Farrandsville Fire 
 Brick Company, of Farrandsville, Clinton county. He claims that Tioga county 
 is underlaid with as good fire clay as exists in the State. He has been employed on 
 several occasions to trace the fire clay strata from the West Branch and Scootac 
 regions to the borders of Tioga county. This he hopes to see developed in the near 
 future, and Blossburg become one of the fire brick centers of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Samuel Haetman was bom in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, August 35, 1833, 
 a son of Samuel Hartman, Sr. His father was born in Bucks county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, January 4, 1791, there grew to manhood, and in 1821 married Margaret 
 Miller, of Selins Grove, Snyder county. They soon after removed to Williamsport, 
 and in 1836 settled in Jackson township, Lycoming county, where both spent the 
 remaining years of their lives. Their family consisted of the following children: 
 Jacob, Samuel, Jonas H., Catherine, who married Kieholas Fessler; Mrs. Harriet 
 N. Baird, who lives in New Jersey; Henry, who died at Fort Scott, Kansas; Sarah 
 A., who married Daniel Hartman; Julia A., who married C. Meaker; Margaret, 
 who married Charles Harman, of Wisconsin; M. D., who lives at Fort Scott, Kan- 
 sas, and Eliza C, widow of Eev. T. Morris, of Williamsport. The subject of this 
 sketch was three years old when his parents located in Jackson township, Lycoming 
 county. He spent his boyhood on the homestead in that township, and at the age 
 of twenty-three married Mary A. Werline, a daughter of Isaac Werline, of Liberty 
 township, Tioga county. In March, 1861, Mr.Hartman located in Liberty, where 
 he soon afterwards engaged in the drug and mercantile business, which he followed 
 until 1893, when he retired from active labor. Mr. and Mrs. Hartman have reared 
 several adopted children, viz: Catherine Werline, Joseph W. Hartman, a nephew, 
 who enlisted in the army at the age of fifteen; Thomas Hartman, Delia Applegate, 
 Mary and Isabella. Mr. Hartman. 4ias been identified with the churches and Sab- 
 bath-schools of Liberty for many years, and has also filled the offices of school di- 
 rector and treasurer. 
 
 Geobge Beck was one of the oldest citizens in Liberty township at the time of 
 his death, November 13, 1896. He was boim in Jackson township, Lycoming 
 county, Pennsylvania, July 9, 1817, a son of Daniel Beck, who came from Mauch 
 Chunk, Pennsylvania, in 1813-14, and settled on a farm in Jackson township, Lycom- 
 ing county. His grandfather, Andrew Beck, came to the United States from 
 Neidergelheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, at an early day, and settled in the coal 
 regions, whence the family removed to Lycoming county, locating in Jackson town- 
 ship, south of the old "Block House." The subject of this sketch was left an orphan 
 at the age of two years, attended the common schools of his native township in boy- 
 
1150 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 hood, and assisted his grandfather, Miller, in the duties of the farm. At the age 
 of eighteen he went to Williamsport, where he followed blaeksmithing three years. 
 In 1839 he purchased 100 acres of land, a part of the old homestead, and began 
 farming. In 1844 he married Catherine Taylor, of Muncy, Lycoming county, who 
 became the mother of nine children, as follows: Jonas D., of Liberty; L. H., of 
 Elmira; John S., a farmer of Cogan House township, Lycoming county; George 
 W., deceased; Uriah 6., a dentist of Elmira; Warren P., also a resident of that 
 city; Mary Margaret, deceased; one that died in infancy, and William B., who died 
 at the age of twenty-two years. Several members of the family are well known 
 inventors and patentees. Jonas D. has invented and patented a machinist's vise; 
 also invented an automatic boiler-feeder which keeps the water at any height desired 
 without waste of steam or fuel, and an electric light. L. H., Uriah G. and Warren 
 F. are the inventors of the Eureka Cash Eegister and Pass Book System, now 
 established at Scranton, Pennsylvania, in which they sold their interest, and later 
 invented the Standard Pass Book System, since succeeded by the Standard Account 
 System, now established in Elmira, New York, with a cg.pital of $50,000. L. H. 
 Beck is employed by the Standard Account Company, successor of the Standard 
 Pass Book Company, in which he and his brothers are financially interested as 
 patentees. George Beck spent nearly his entire life in agricultural pursuits, but 
 finally retired from active labor to enjoy the fruits of his industry. At the time 
 of his death he was one of the oldest and most respected citizens of the community. 
 
 Heney Youdis was born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, May 8, 1858, a 
 son of Frederick and Christina (Weaver) Youdis. His father was bom in Germany, 
 in 1819, and came to Lycoming county with his parents when but nine years old. 
 They settled in Jackson township, where Frederick grew to maturity. He was 
 twice married. By his marriage to Christina Weaver, a daughter of Henry Weaver, 
 were born three children: Sena, wife of Levi Hartsock; Henry, of Liberty town- 
 ship, and George, who lives in Jackson township, Lycoming county. Frederick's 
 second wife was Lizzie Callenback, of Lycoming county, who bore him three chil- 
 dren, viz: Sarah, Mina and Charles. He was a Eepublican in politics, and a 
 Lutheran in religion. He died in February, 1890. Henry was reared in Jackson 
 township, there attended the common schools, and worked on the homestead faxm 
 until his marriage. On February 11, 1884, he married Laura Hartsock, a daughter 
 of K. H. Hartsock, of Liberty township, and settled upon the farm where he still 
 resides. They are the parents of three children: Manie, Mervin and Clair. Mr. 
 Youdis is an independent voter, supporting men rather than party. He makes a 
 specialty of stock raising and sugar making, in which branches of agriculture he 
 has been quite successful. 
 
 John Duff was bom in Bonny Bridge, Sterlingshire, Scotland, in 1838. His 
 father was a sergeant in the British army, and some of his ancestors fought against 
 Napoleon. In possession of the Duff family is a pair of eye glasses of peculiar make, 
 encased in a tortoise shell frame, which belonged to a grand uncle of Mr. DufE. 
 They were used by General Abercrombie in his Egyptian campaign, and are highly 
 prized by the Duff family. They also own an ancient Bible, published in Scotland. 
 The svibject of this sketch was reared in his native land, and was there married ia 
 1868, to Jane Shaw, a daughter of David Shaw, of Dumbartonshire. In 1881 he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1151 
 
 came to the United States with his two sons, and stopped a few days in Fall 
 Brook, Tioga county, Pennsylvajiia. He then went to Arnot and found employ- 
 ment with the Tioga Kailroad Company. Here his wife joined him in April, 1883. 
 He remained with the Tioga Railroad Company about one year, and later found 
 employment with the Blossbbrg Coal Company, for which he worked three or four 
 years. At the end of this time he purchased a farm in Liberty township, Tioga 
 county, and has since devoted his attention to agriculture in connection with mining 
 and other pursuits. To Mr. and Mrs. Duff were born four children, viz: James, 
 bom in Scotland, February 3, 1870, who is engaged in mining and farming; David 
 S. and John H., twins, born in Scotland, June 4, 1873, both of whom axe engaged 
 in mining, and Jessie C, born February 9, 1874, who lives at home. In religion, 
 the family are Presbyterians, and in politics, adherents of the Republican party. 
 They are also members of Sebring Grange, No. 1047, P. of H. Mrs. Duff died 
 March 6, 1894. 
 
 Michael McMahon was born in County Clare, Ireland, January 6, 1838, a son 
 of Michael McMahon, also a native of Ireland, who immigrated to the United States 
 in 1848. His father was a distant relative of Marshal McMahon, of France, com- 
 mander of the French forces under Napoleon, and subsequently president of the 
 French Republic. He settled in Elmira, New York, where he lived two years, 
 engaged in farming and working on what was then known as the New York and 
 Lake Erie railroad. In 1850 he came to Jackson township, Tioga county, in which 
 year his wife and six children came to the United States. The subject of this sketch 
 was then twelve years old. He had attended the common schools of his native land, 
 and afterwards went to the academy at Troy, Pennsylvania. In 1853 he located in 
 Elmira, and followed farming and railroading. In 1863 he came to Nauvoo, Lib- 
 erty township, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in general merchan- 
 dising, removing in 1867 to the farm on which he now resides. From 1868 to 1870 
 he was engaged in the mercantile business in Liberty, during which time he also 
 followed farming, and did considerable lumbering in Jackson and Pine townships, 
 Lycoming county. He introduced and bred what was known as the "Clay" or 
 "McMahon" horses in Tioga county, and was also a breeder of fine cattle. In 1883 
 he married Minda Reed, a daughter of Isaac Reed, d Liberty township, Tioga 
 county, and has one son, Michael K., born July 5, 1885. In politics, Mr. McMahon 
 is a Republican. 
 
 William H. Leisenking is a native of Liberty township, Tioga county, where 
 he was bom May 4, 1844. After quitting school he went to Seneca Falls, New York, 
 and learned the machinist's trade with John A. Rumsey & Company, at which he 
 worked until December 38, 1861. He then enlisted in Company A, Thirty-third 
 New York Volunteers, became color bearer, and served until March 37, 1863, when 
 he was discharged, but immediately re-enlisted in Company A, Third New York 
 Volunteers. He served in this regiment until February 9, 1863, when he was again 
 discharged, and again enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-eighth New 
 York Volunteers for the three years' service. He participated in all the battles and 
 skirmishes in which his command took part, including the operations against Peters- 
 burg and Richmond, Swift Creek, Proctor's Creek, Drurys Bluff, Bermuda Hun- 
 dred, and Cold Harbor, where he received a sabre woujid, and also five gunshot 
 
1152 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 wounds in the right side and leg. He was subsequently confined in the hospital at 
 Portsmouth Grove, Ehode Island, from June, 1864, until July, 1865, when he was 
 honorably discharged and returned to his home in Liberty township. March 34, 
 1868, Mr. Leisenring married Lodiaskia Emick, of Liberty, to which union have 
 been bom seven children, viz: Matilda, wife of "Wesle^ Lloyd, of Blaekwells, Tioga 
 county; H. W., F. L., Hannah A. and John E., both deceased; EoUa E. and Mary 
 Lydia. In politics, Mr. Leisenring is a stanch Eepublican, and is a member of 
 King Brothers Post, No. 288, G. A. E., of Liberty. He is also a member of Guyon 
 Lodge, No. 16, P. & A. M., of Seneca Palls, New York. 
 
 Chaeibs p. Heyleb was bom in Liberty township, Tioga county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, March 1, 1862, was reared in his native township, and received a common . 
 school education. His father was a butcher, and Charles P. assisted him in that 
 business for twelve years. In 1887 he went to Towanda, Bradford county, where 
 he learned the tailor's trade, which business he worked at in that place for seven 
 years. In 1894 he returned to Liberty, and has since devoted his attention to his 
 trade in that borough. In polities, Mr. Heyler is a stanch Eepublican, and in 
 religion, a member of the Evangelical Protestant church. He is also connected 
 with Washington Camp, No. 638, P. 0. S. of A., of Liberty. 
 
 Samuel Loudenslagee was bom in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, there grew 
 to manhood, and spent his entire life in his native State. He married Mary 
 Kevel, to which union were bom fourteen children, two of whom died in infancy. 
 The living are as follows: Henry, George, Adaline, who married John Shugar; 
 Ellis, Wesley, Oscar, Clarence, Elmer, Daniel, Alice, Emma and Cora. Mr. Louden- 
 slager resided on his farm in Liberty township up to his death, in 1888. His widow 
 is living on the old homestead. 
 
 Benjamin Ievin was bom in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, in 1801., a son of 
 David and Mary (Sechler) Irvin. His father was bom in the North of Ireland in 
 1774, came to the United States when about twenty-five years old, and located in 
 Lehigh county, Pennsylvania. He was married in that county to Mary Sechler, 
 operated a distillery for several years, and finally removed to the far west, where he 
 died. Benjamin was educated in the common schools, and followed the manufacture 
 of charcoal. He married •Prudence Dunbar, and "reared the following children: 
 John, of Lawrenceville; Samuel, deceased; Martha, deceased wife of Leroy Gleason; 
 William, a resident of Big Eun, Jefferson county; David, a merchant of Union town- 
 ship, Tioga county; Elizabeth, wife of Augustus Veil, of Jefferson county; Alex- 
 ander, who died in youth; Charles, who enlisted in the Twelfth Illinois Volunteers 
 and was killed at Port Donelson; Emeline, who died in youth; James, who enlisted 
 in the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and died while in the service, and Benjamin 
 P., postmaster of Scranton, Kansas. Benjamin Irvin and family removed from 
 Lehigh to Lycoming county in 1849-50, where they lived a few years. He then 
 purchased a farm in Union township, Tioga county, and resided there until his death 
 in March, 1891. In religion, he was a member of the Disciples church, and in 
 politics, a Eepublican. 
 
 John Ievin was bom in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, May 24, 1830, grew 
 to manhood in Lehigh and Lycoming counties, and obtained a common school edu- 
 cation. When twenty-one years of age he engaged as foreman in a lumber contract 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1153 
 
 on Pine creek, which position he filled for six years. He next spent three years 
 as a charcoal contractor for an iron factory in Lycoming county. Later he opened 
 a store in Ogdensburg, Union township, Tioga county, and operated the same until 
 the fall o-f 1861. On August 37, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred 
 and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in which he was commissioned second lieu- 
 ienant. His brothers, Samuel, William and David, were in the same company. Mr. 
 Irvin participated in all the engagements in which his regiment took part, was pro- 
 moted to first lieutenant of Company D, and later to captain of Company B, and 
 finally commissioned major. He was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, and 
 was mustered out in October, 1864, but was retained to take command of the One 
 Hundred and Sixth Battalion. After three months he was discharged by a general 
 •order, affecting all officers who had served three years. Eetuming to Tioga county, 
 he resumed merchandising at Ogdensburg, where he also built and operated a steam 
 saw-mill until the fall of 1891, when he was elected sheriff of Tioga county, a position 
 he filled for three years. He then located in Lawrenceville, where he has since lived. 
 On January 1, 1855, Mr. Irvin was married to Betsey A. Barker, a daughter of 
 Ambrose and Mary Barker, of Union township. Five children were born to this 
 marriage, viz: Martha, deceased wife of V. "W. Sheffer; Mary, wife of Henry Veil, 
 oi Williamsport; Emma, who died in infancy; Myrtie, wife of Curtis Treat, of 
 Elmira, and Minnie, wife of Eli Eoberts, of Lawrence township. Mrs. Irvin died 
 in Lawrenceville, December 6, 1896, a consistent member of the Church of Christ. 
 Mr. Irvin is a member of the P. & A. M., the I. 0. 0. P., and the K. of P., and is also 
 connected with theUnion Veteran Legion and the G. A. E. In politics, he is a 
 Republican, and has always taken an active interest in public affairs. 
 
 JoH2sr Geeen was one of the lumber operators in this section of Pennsylvania 
 iorty years ago. He was a native of Westchester county, New York, bom in 1785, 
 a son of Isaiah and Elizabeth (Purman) Green, natives of the same State. His 
 father was a farmer near the famous "Sleepy Hollow," in Westchester county, and 
 reared a family of seven children, viz: William, John, Fannie, Amy, Rhoda, Jacob 
 -and Samuel. The subject of this sketch received a good education, and subsequently 
 •secured a position as clerk in a wholesale house in New York City. After a short 
 time he became proprietor of a large store in that city, which he afterward sold and 
 opened stores at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Poughkeepsie, New York, where 
 he carried on business successfully up to 1836. In that year he sold his business 
 interests and purchased a farm near Poughkeepsie, on which he lived five years. 
 In 1841 he disposed of this property and came to Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He 
 had purchased 20,000 acres of timber lands in Lycoming county in 1838, 15,000 of 
 ■which he had sold prior to his settlement in Williamsport. He was the incorporator 
 of and a large stockholder in the Eed Eun Coal Company at Eoaring Branch, and 
 also owned and operated a saw-mill at that point. He finally removed from Wil- 
 liamsport to Eoaxing Branch, where the remaining years of his life were passed. 
 Mr. Green married Eliza Shearman, a daughter of David Shearman, who bore him 
 a family of nine children, as follows: Ann and Elizabeth, both of whom died in 
 youth; David, a prominent surveyor and later in the employ of the United States 
 treasury department, who died in 1878; Mary, who lives with her brother, Charles 
 S.; John E., who died in childhood; Charles S., a resident of Eoaring Branch; 
 
1154 HISTOET OP TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 John B., who lives in the same village; Moa.tgoniery, deceased; Hannah T., who 
 makes her home with Charles S., and Henry C, superintendent of the lumber de- 
 partment of the Eed Run Coal Company, at Ealston. Mr. Green died at Eoaring 
 Branch, in December, 1866, and his wife in Williamsport, in March, 1861. 
 
 Chaeles S. Gkeen is the second oldest living child of John and Eliza Green, 
 and one of the prominent and successful lumber dealers in northern Pennsylvania. 
 He was bom in Poughkeepsie, New York, July 6, 1839, there attended the public 
 schools in boyhood, and completed his education at what is now Dickinson Semi- 
 nary, in "Williamsport, then a private school for boys. Soon after leaving school 
 he began clerking in a drug store in Williamsport, going one year later to New 
 York City, where for two years he continued the same occupation. Eemoving to 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts, he clerked in a book store for eleven years, thus ob- 
 taining a thorough knowledge of the mercantile business. In June, 1855, he came 
 to Eoaring Branch, where he erected a mill for the manufacture of shingles, barrel 
 staves and heading, and two years later opened a general store, which he carried on 
 up to 1883. In 1891 he re-opened the Eed Eun Coal Company's mines, at Ealston, 
 of which he is general manager, and where the company also carry on an extensive 
 lumber business. Soon afterwards the Ealston Brick Company was organized for 
 the manufacture of dry pressed brick from clay found in the Eed Eun mines, in 
 which Mr. Green is largely interested and treasurer of the company. His lumber 
 business at Eoaring Branch consists in the manufacture and sale of all kinds of hem- 
 lock and hard wood lumber. In 1871 he built his handsome residence on the hill 
 overlooking the beautiful valley of Eoaring Branch, and it is a model of comfort 
 and convenience. The family are members of the Society of Friends, and in poli- 
 ties, Mr. Green is a Eepublican. He is one of the wealthy and substantial citizens 
 of Tioga county, in which he has lived for more than forty years. 
 
 George E. Teipp was bom in Washington county. New York, July 13, 1825, 
 obtained a common school education, and subsequently engaged in farming and 
 lumbering. On February 11, 1855, he married Mahala Austin, of New York state, 
 who bore him one daughter, Alice, now the wife of William Dann, of Ogdensburg, 
 Tioga county. Mr. Tripp came to Tioga county in 1858, and in 1861 enlisted in 
 Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. At the end of one 
 year he was discharged on account of disability, but in 1864 he again enlisted, this 
 time in Company G, Two Hundred and Third Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was 
 wounded at Fort Fisher and sent to Mercy Hospital, in New York City, where he 
 remained for one year, and was finally discharged in May, 1865. He has never fully 
 recovered from the effects of the wound, being almost as helpless as a child, but is 
 still proud of the fact that it was received while fighting for his country. In politics, 
 he is a stanch Eepublican, and in religion, a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. Mr. Tripp is also connected with Ingram Post, No. 91, G. A. E., of Canton. 
 
 MOEEIS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Enoch Blackwell, Se., was born and reared in Haven Parish, Gloucestershire, 
 England. In 1805 he came to the United States as one of a colony of settlers organ- 
 ized by Eev. John Hey, of Philadelphia, for the purpose of settling on certain lands 
 in Pine township, Lycoming county, the lands located upon being still known as 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1155 
 
 the "English Settlement." He died at Jersey Shore in 1816, while on a business 
 trip. He was twice married, his first wife being Mary Perrine, of Haven Parish, 
 who bore him the following children: John, who came to America with his parents 
 and died in Bradford county, Pennsylvania; William, the founder of Blackwells, 
 Tioga county; Enoch, who died in England; Nancy, who married Henry Tomb; 
 Sarah, who married John Gamble; Phoebe, who married Joel Shearer and settled in 
 Eoek county, Illinois, and Hannah, who became the wife of Bben Haydock, of ISTew 
 Jersey. Mr. Blaekwell's second wife survived him and became the wife of John 
 Campbell, a pioneer of ISTelson township, Tioga county. The children of the second 
 marriage were Enoch, afterwards a prominent citizen of Nelson, and Mary, who 
 mairied Kobert Campbell, of the same township. 
 
 William Blackwell, second son of Enoch and Mary Blackwell, was bom in 
 Haven Parish, Gloucestershire, England, June 21, 1790. He came to the United 
 States in 1804, preceding his parents one year. He rejoined them on their arrival 
 at Philadelphia, and settled in Pine township, Lycoming county. In 1811 he pur- 
 chased froni^his father 120 acres of land on Pine creek, in Tioga county, both above 
 and below the mouth of Babb's creek, on which he located in 1817, and became the 
 founder of the village of Blackwells. He engaged in cutting and rafting square 
 timber down Pine creek and the Susquehanna, which business he followed many 
 years. In 1815 he married Sarah Morrison, of Lycoming county, who became the 
 mother of seven children, viz: Mary Ann, who married Eobert Steele, of Delmar; 
 George and Enoch, residents of Blackwells; John, deceased; William, a physician 
 of Blackwells; James, of Morris township, and Sarah, widow of Gurdon Steele, of 
 Delmar. Mr. Blackwell died December 6, 1859, and his wife, in January, 1881, 
 aged eighty-six years. 
 
 Enoch Blackwell, second son of William Blackwell, and grandson of Enoch 
 Blackwell, Sr., was bom at Blackwells, Tioga county, January 29, 1834. He ob- 
 tained a common school education, and since arriving at manhood has been exten- 
 sively engaged in lumbering, merchandising and farming. He is still in the lumber 
 business, and pursues a busy life. Mr. Blackwell was married October 3, 1847, to 
 Mary E. Webster, a daughter of Sylvester and Tamar Webster, of Liberty township, 
 to which union were bom the following children: Horace W., a resident of Morris 
 township; Clara Ann, wife of William H. Walters, of Pine township, Lycoming 
 county; Thomas, a resident of Blackwells; Addie, wife of Henry Tidd, of Piae 
 township; Eugene and Sylvester, of Blackwells; Harriet, wife of William Plank, 
 of Morris township, and Miles, a merchant of Morris. Mrs. Blackwell died March 
 23, 1894, and he was again married, June 26, 1895, to Matilda Callahan, widow of 
 Perry Callahan, of Delmar township. Mr. Blackwell has devoted most of his life 
 to lumbering, and has followed every department of that business, from scaler of 
 logs to mill owner and operator. He was also engaged in merchandising at Black- 
 wells for a number of years. Politically, a stanch Eepublican, he has filled various 
 township ofiices, and was postmaster at Blackwells from 1862 to 1886. He is 
 recognized as one of the representative citizens of his native county. 
 
 AirGirsTTTS G. Seaman was bom near Unadilla, Otsego county, New York, 
 April 36, 1831, a son of William and Mary Seaman. His father was a native of 
 England and his mother of Connecticut, and pioneer settlers of Otsego county. 
 
1156 HISTOET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Their children were named as follows: Benjamin S., deceased; Mary Ann, de- 
 ceased wife of William Baisley; Mrs. Sarah Davis, deceased; William, who resides, 
 in Otsego county; Augustus G., of Morris township; Serena M., deceased wife of 
 Joseph Hopkins; Marietta, wife of Edward Bowen; James, a resident of Chenango 
 county. New York; Catherine L., wife of Francis Walker; Cyrus, a resident of 
 Unadilla, and Adeline, wife of Edward Granger. The parents died on the home- 
 stead in Otsego county, the father at the age of seventy-seven, and the mother at 
 the age of sixty-six. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county 
 and came to Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1844, settling on fifty acres of land in 
 Morris township, near the Lycoming county line, to which he has since added a tract 
 of fifty acres. He has devoted his attention to farming and lumbering. On De- 
 cember 34, 1846, he married Louisa Childs, a daughter of Eichaxd and Margaret. 
 Childs, and has one son, William W. In politics, Mr. Seaman is a Republican, and 
 has filled the offices of supervisor, collector and school director in Morris township. 
 He is a well known and highly esteemed citizen of Morris and one of its oldest living 
 residents. 
 
 William W. Seaman, only child of Augustus G. and Louisa Seaman, was born 
 on the homestead farm in Morris township, Tioga county, April 9, 1848. He at- 
 tended the common schools of his district and devoted himself to farmiag and lum- 
 bering until 1880, when he engaged in exploring for coal in Clearfield, Jefferson and 
 Centre counties, for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, achieving marked success 
 and earning a well-deserved reputation in that line. Mr. Seaman also purchased the 
 option on 60,000 acres of coal lands near Clearfield, and later associated with him 
 Hon. William A. Wallace, of Clearfield, and Hon. S. E. Peale, of Lock Haven, and 
 they organized the Clearfield Bituminous Coal Company, which owned 35,000 acres 
 of land and had a capital stock of $5,000,000, upon which at present the Beech 
 Creek and 'New York Central railroads carry on their soft coal operations, in 
 Clearfield and Centre counties. In 1895 he returned to his farm in Morris town- 
 ship and has since been engaged in farming and lumbering. Mr. Seaman was mar- 
 ried September 17, 1863, to Annie Irwin, a daughter of Henry Irwin. She died 
 in 1881. In 1883 he married LiUie Boyer, a daughter of Samuel and Angeline 
 Boyer, of Centre county. To this union have been bom eight children, all of whom 
 are living, viz: Louisa, W. A., Angeline, Samuel, Florence, Lillie, Richard and 
 Landius. Mr. Seaman is one of the largest land owners in Tioga county, his lands 
 lying in both Tioga and Lycoming. Much of it is covered with hemlock, pine and 
 hard-wood timber and is very valuable. His lumbering operations axe extensive 
 and he ranks among the substantial business men and leading farmers of the county. 
 On October 5, 1894, his fine residence, which cost $13,000, was destroyed by fire. In 
 the summer of 1896 he erected his present residence at a cost of $14,000. In 
 politics, Mr. Seaman is a Republican, and in 1896 was one of the conferees of Tioga 
 county that met at Williamsport and nominated Hon. Horace B. Packer for Con- 
 gress. He has also filled the offices of school director, supervisor and justice of the 
 peace, and is a citizen of commendable enterprise and public spirit. 
 
 Stlvestee Webstee was bom at Athens, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1804, a son of Aaron and Mary Elizabeth (Campbell) Webster. His parents re- 
 moved from Bradford county to the Cowanesque valley, Tioga county, a few years 
 
BIOGHAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1157 
 
 after his birth, where his father operated a tajinery until his death, in 1813. Aaron 
 Webster was the father of three children, viz: Maria, who married William Em- 
 mick; Lyman, who settled in one of the western States, and Sylvester. His widow 
 married William Babb, a son of Samson Babb, the pioneer settler of Morris town- 
 ship. The subject of this sketch learned the carpenter's trade and became a miller. 
 He erected a saw-mill and a grist-mill at Nauvoo, Tioga county, for Jeremiah Black 
 at an early day. In 1824 he married Tamar Bmmick, to whom were born six chil- 
 dren, viz: J. E., of Morris township; Mary Elizabeth, deceased wife of Enoch 
 Blackwell, of Blackwells; Lydia Jane, deceased wife of George Clark, of Brown, 
 township, Lycoming county; Arminta, wife of James Morrison, of Cedax Eun; 
 Harriet, deceased wife of Bethuel Diggen, of Muncy, and Anna. Mr. Webster died 
 September 33, 1889, and his wife, July 23, 1840. 
 
 J. E. Webstee, eldest son of Sylvester and Tamar Webster, was bom in Liberty 
 township, Tioga county, September 9, 1827, and was reared upon a farm. In 1860 
 he removed to Morris, residing there until 1871, when he located on his present farm 
 in Morris township. July 4, 1850, he married Alsina Steele, a daughter of James' 
 and Hannah Steele, to which union have been reared the following children: Wil- 
 liam J., deceased; Walter, a resident of Morris; Martha, wife of William O'Connor,, 
 of Wellsboro; Orrin, a resident of Potter county; Daniel, of Morris; Eobert, whO' 
 lives in West Virginia; Homer 6., a resident of Morris township; Sylvester J. and 
 Lowell E., both residing in Potter county. Mr. Webster is a Republican, in politics; 
 has been township supei-visor during 1862-63; a school director for fifteen years;, 
 census enumerator in 1890, and is now township assessor. During the Civil War 
 he served in Company P, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Militia, known as Emergency 
 Men. In rehgion, he is a member of the Baptist church. 
 
 Andeew Dinnisojt was born in Scotland, March 4, 1804, and grew to man- 
 hood in his native land. His wife, Mary, was bom December 28, 1814. In 1849- 
 they immigrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Jackson township, Lycoming county, 
 where he died April 4, 1865. His wife died April 36, 1888. They were the parents 
 of the following children: Maiy, wife of James McNeil, of Saginaw county, Michi- 
 gan; Jane, wife of Charles Naylor, of Lycoming county; James, gf Morris town- 
 ship; John, who died June 11, 1888; Sarah, wife of Andrew Wylie, of Liberty town- 
 ship, and William, a resident of the same township. 
 
 James Dinnison was bom in Scotland, June 15, 1839, a son of Andrew and 
 Mary Dinnison, and was ten years old when his parents settled in Lycoming county. 
 He grew to manhood on the old homestead, and came to Tioga county in 1866, locat- 
 ing immediately west of Nauvoo, in Morris township. He became a partner with 
 Eobert Custard in the old Nelson Boot saw-mill property. In 1869 he bought hiS' 
 partner's interest in the mill and has since carried on the enterprise alone. The 
 mill was destroyed by fire and re-built, and was washed out by the flood of 1889, 
 and again re-built. Since 1893 Mr. Dinnison has also operated a roller buckwheat 
 mill and a buhr feed mill in the building foirmerly used as a woolen facto^ry. Both 
 mills are run by water power. Mr. Dinnison was married November 7, 1871, to Har- 
 riet Plank, a daughter of John Plank, to which union have been bom eight children^ 
 viz: Mary M., who died September 31, 1877; Sarah J., John F., James A., Ada 
 Elizabeth, Adam B., who died December 15, 1895; William and Euth. In politics,. 
 
1158 HI3T0ET OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Dinnison is a Prohibitionist, and in religion, a member ol the Lutheran church. 
 He has served as school director and township treasurer. He combines farming 
 with his milling business, and owns and cultivates a farm of ninety-two acres ia 
 Liberty township. Honorable and upright in all his dealings, he enjoys the respect 
 and esteem of the community. 
 
 Isaac F. Black was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1835. 
 He obtained a common school education, and also a good knowledge of book-keep- 
 ing, after which, in 1856, he began clerking in Jeansville, Luzerne county. He 
 was soon after promoted to book-keeper, and in 1860 formed a partnership with J. 
 F. Eandolph, Jr., and continued merchaadising in that place. He later sold his 
 interest and removed to Eohrsburg, Columbia county, where he engaged in the 
 general mercantile business. In 1882 he came to Morris, Tioga county, and pur- 
 chased the Black Hotel property, from William Black, and carried on that business 
 successfully until 1893, when he rented the house to B. A. Kennedy, his son-in-law. 
 In 1866 he married Emma E. Kleiber, who bore him one daughter, Ella, now the 
 wife of E. A. Kennedy, of Morris. Mrs. Black died December 33, 1894. In politics, 
 Mr. Black is a Democrat. He is Past Chancellor of Woodland Lodge, No. 375, K. 
 of P., of Hoytville, and is also a member and financial secretary of Washington 
 Camp, No. 624, P. 0. S. of A., of the same place. He has filled the offices of school 
 director and auditor, and is one of the best known citizens of Morris township. 
 
 Thomas J. Biemingham, son of Thomas and Mary (Brooks) Birmingham, 
 was bom at Pine City, Chemung county, New York, February 9, 1870. His' parents 
 were natives of Ireland and came to Elmira, New York, in 1866, later removing to 
 Pine City, where his father became a tannery employe. In 1878 he came to Tioga 
 county, settling at Millerton, Jackson township. He afterwards became a railroad 
 employe, and was accidentally killed at Seely Creek, New York, June 10, 1886. 
 His wife died at Pine City, October 5, 1876. To Thomas and Mary Birmiagham 
 were born six children, viz: Patrick, a resident of Morris; Mary, wife of John 
 Leonard, of Blossburg; Annie, wife of John McNamara, of the same place; Thomas 
 J., of Morris; Bridget and Michael, aiso residing in Morris. The subject of this 
 sketch received a common school education, and when fifteen years of age entered 
 the store of W. W. Tate, of Morris, for whom he clerked one year. The following 
 eight years he was in the employ of E. E. Kelts, of the same place, whom he bought 
 out, April 1, 1896, and is now one of the leading merchants of the town. In poli- 
 tics, he is a Democrat, and is the present postmaster of Morris. He is a member of 
 the Catholic church and is connected with the A. 0. H. and the C. T. A. societies, 
 being now secretary of Sacred Heart Branch of the latter organization. Though a 
 young man, Mr. Birmingham ranks as one of the leading business men of Morris. 
 His success in business has been due to painstaking industry; a conscientious dis- 
 charge of duty from day to day; a genial and courteous bearing, and a high regard 
 for honor and honesty in all his dealings. 
 
 E. F. EoBiNsoN, physician and surgeon, was born at State Eoad, Lycoming 
 county, Pennsylvania, in 1862, on the old Eobinson homestead, settled by his grand- 
 father in 1802. After attending the public schools of Lycoming township imtil the 
 age of fourteen, he spent two terms at the Montoursville Normal School, and in the 
 winter of 1879-80, he engaged in teaching. The following summer he attended 
 
BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1159 
 
 the Muncy Normal, and taught during the winter seasons up to 1882, when he grad- 
 uated with high honors. He next attended the AVilliamsport Commercial College, 
 where he graduated, and then took a two years' course at Lock Haven Normal 
 School, graduating from that institution and carrying off one of the highest honors. 
 Selecting the medical' profession as his chosen vocation, he began his studies under 
 Dr. G. D. Nutt, of Williamsport. In 1886 he went to Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in 1888. After practicing for 
 a short time in Williamsport, he accepted the position of medical attendant at the 
 Cedar Eun Tannery, Leetonia, Tioga county, which he filled three years. In 1891 
 he located in Morris, and the following year purchased the drug store of the late 
 W. P. Kerr, which he has since carried on successfully in connection with his pro- 
 fessional duties. Dr. Eobinson is a member of the Lycoming County Medical So- 
 ciety, and has built up a large and lucrative practice in his present field of labor. 
 
 Peter Kline, proprietor of livery stables in Morris, was born in Sullivan 
 county. New York, October 8, 1863, a son of John and Kate (Hayne) Kline. His 
 father came from Germany, to Sullivan county. New York, in 1853, where he met 
 and married Kate Hayne, who bore him a family of eleven children, eight of whom 
 are living, viz: John and Jacob, both residents of Sullivan county. New York; 
 Peter, of Morris, Tioga county; Barbara, wife of Jacob Wingert; Katie, Michael, 
 Lizzie, wife of Conrad Metzgar, and Bertha. The subject of this sketch worked on 
 his father's farm up to 1883, in which year he came to Tioga county, where he 
 followed lumbering and Jobbing until April 1, 1896. He then erected a livery bam 
 in Morris, stocked it with new rigs and good horses, and has since carried on the 
 business. Mr. Kline was married March 10, 1890, to Kate Walter, of Sullivan 
 county. New York, to whom has been born three children, viz: Harry, Lizzie and 
 Ealph Albert. In politics, Mr. Kline is a Democrat, and in reUgion a member of the 
 German Presbyterian church, while his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. He is also connected with Hoytville Lodge, No. 665, 1. 0. 0. P. 
 
 E. L. KiNGSBtTBT was bom at Lake Como, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, August 
 17, 1853, a son of William and Mahala (Woodmansie) Kingsbury. His parents were 
 natives of the same county, his father being employed for a number of yeaxs as fore- 
 man of the woods at Lake Como tannery. His mother died in 1869, and his father 
 married for his second wife Samantha Stanton, and is still living at Lake Como. 
 The subject of this sketch worked at^the tannery at that place, where he filled the 
 position of weighmaster four years. In July, 1884, he removed to Hoytville, Tioga 
 county, where he found employment at the Brunsvrick Tannery, and has since filled 
 the position of outside foreman and weighmaster. In 1874 Mr. Kingsbury mar- 
 ried Carmith Sherwood, a daughter of Amos 0. and Lucinda Sherwood, of Wayne 
 county. She died on October 15, 1890, leaving six children, viz: Cora, Grace L., 
 William S., Elwyn, Charles H. and Basil. On October 20, 1892, he married for 
 his second wife Grace Mitchell, who has one child, Lyle. Mr. Kingsbury is a Repub- 
 lican, and has served three terms as supervisor of Morris township. He is a member 
 of the I. 0. 0. F. and the K. 0. T. M. societies. Since coming to Hoytville, Mr. 
 Kingsbury has discharged the duties of his responsible position in a satisfactory 
 manner. 
 
 G. W. Darby was born in Greene county. New York, May 14, 1839, there grew 
 
1160 HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 to maturity, and in 1857 removed to Wayne county, Pennsylvania, where he worked 
 in a taimery for twelve years. Ketuming to Sullivan county, New York, in 1869, he 
 worked in a tannery there seven years, and two years in the same business in Lewis 
 county. In 1878 he came to Sullivan county, Pennsylvania, and worked for the 
 Hoyt Brothers, and in 1892 came to Hoytville to accept a responsible position in 
 the tannery at that place, where he is still employed. Mr. Darby has been twice 
 married. His first wife was Melissa C. Horton, of Mt. Pleasant, who bore him nine 
 •children, as follows: Delbert H., of Hoytville; Samuel, of the same place; Clarissa, 
 wife of Walter Hoffman, of Sullivan county; Edgar, Fred, Nettie and John, both 
 ■deceased; Mittie and Florence. Mrs. Darby died October 30, 1889, and in Decem- 
 ber, 1893, Mr. Darby married Ida Moyer, of Watsontown, Pennsylvania. In poli- 
 ties, he is a Republican. 
 
 Delbeet H. Darby was bom in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, February 7, 
 1862. After leaving school he clerked in Hillsgrove, Sullivan county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, for three years. He afterwards learned the tanner's trade, and in 1885 went 
 to Petoskey, Michigan, to take charge of a tannery at that place. In 1887 he came 
 to Hoytville, Tioga county, where he has since filled a responsible position in the 
 Hoytville tannery. In 1883 Mr. Darby married Ella A. Connelly, of Hillsgrove, 
 ^ho bore him one daughter, Delia H. Mrs. Darby died on April 23, 1887, and in 
 March, 1889, he married Stella J. Field, of Wellsboro. In politics, Mr. Darby is 
 -a Republican. He is a Past Grand of Hoytvile Lodge, No. 665, 1. 0. 0. F., and Past 
 •Commander of Morris Tent, No. 215, K. 0. T. M. 
 
INDKX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Aborigines 29 
 
 Academy Corners 420 
 
 Academy, Lawrenceville 538 
 
 Academy, The Wellsboro 275 
 
 Academy Trustees, election contest of. . 286 
 
 Academy, Union 417 
 
 Aekley, Chancy C 956 
 
 Ackley, Eoswell 956 
 
 Acreage and Production, 1890 117 
 
 Adams, Erwin J 772 
 
 Adams, Frank H 993 
 
 Adams, John S 888 
 
 Adams, John Willard, sketch of 170 
 
 Adams, John Willard, portrait of 593 
 
 Adams, Capt. Lyman 273, 993 
 
 Adams, Lyman N 993 
 
 Adams, Kobert 771 
 
 Adams, Walter C 1011 
 
 Adams, William (Mansfield) 158 
 
 Adams, William (Charleston town'fehip) . 771 
 
 Adamy, Greorge K 814 
 
 Adamy, Sylvester E 814 
 
 Addison and Pennsylvania Railroad 108 
 
 Additional Lavr Judges 138 
 
 Advertiser, The Blossburg 1126 
 
 Advertiser, The Mansfield 588 
 
 Advertiser, The Wellsboro 321 
 
 Advocate, The Millerton 549 
 
 Advocate, The Kepublican 326 
 
 Agitator, The Wellsboro 321 
 
 Agriculture, progress of 116 
 
 Agricultural Societies and Pairs 118 
 
 Alford, Chauncey 292 
 
 Alford, H. S 1006 
 
 Alford, Stephen C 1006 
 
 Allegheny Mountain Plateau 18 
 
 Allen, Dr. Adolphus 191 
 
 Allen, Almon 1055 
 
 Allen, Prof. Fordyce Almon, sketch of.. 1055 
 Allen, Prof. Fordyce Almon, portrait of. 257 
 
 Allen, Henry 164 
 
 Allen, Lieut. Jacob 210, 1055 
 
 Allen, Thomas 162 
 
 Anderson, Andrevr 1128 
 
 Andrews, Darius C 763 
 
 AnSrevrs, Dennis 811 
 
 Andrews, Francis M 763 
 
 Andrews, Frank D 1132 
 
 Andrews, James E 811 
 
 Angell, Daniel 880 
 
 Angell, William Darius 880 
 
 An Obdurate Judge 92 
 
 An Old Indictment 83 
 
 Ansonia, village of 473 
 
 Ansonia, origin of name 113 
 
 Page. 
 
 Anthony or Anthonyson 640 
 
 Anticlinals and Synclinals 19 
 
 Anticlinal, Wellsboro 21 
 
 Antrim, village of 495 
 
 Arbon Coal Company 104, 124 
 
 Arbon Land Company 105, 125 
 
 Archer, Dr. Eobert H 197 
 
 Argetsinger, Hugh 1079 
 
 Argetsinger, James 1079 
 
 Argus, The Tioga 512 
 
 Armenia Mountains 20 
 
 Armstrong, Rev. Hallock 834 
 
 Aenot. — First Settlement, 607; Named 
 Draketown, 606; Changed to Arnot, 
 607; Rapid Growth, 607; Business En- 
 terprises, 607 ; Physicians, 608; Schools, 
 608; The First Presbyterian Church, 
 60S; Christ Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, 609; Gethsemane Swedish 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church, 609; St. 
 Andrew's Roman Catholic Church, 
 609; The Swedish Free Mission, 609; 
 The Puritan Congregational Church, 
 609; Societies, 610. 
 Arnot and Pine Creek Railroad Com- 
 pany 105 
 
 Asaph PostofSce 474 
 
 Ashton, Henry A 181 
 
 Ashton, Norman A 951 
 
 Assessment of 1896, summary of 118 
 
 Associate Judges 139 
 
 Associate Justices Supreme Court of 
 
 Pennsylvania 137 
 
 Attorney Generals of Pennsylvania 137 
 
 Auditor General of Pennsylvania 137 
 
 Austin, Alvin B 1092 
 
 Austin, Caleb 767 
 
 Austin, Charles 767 
 
 Austin, C. N 767 
 
 Austin, Leander R 1092 
 
 Austin, William ' 946 
 
 Austinburg, village of 455 
 
 Avery, Charles 715 
 
 Avery, Cyrus W ,. 715 
 
 Azelta Postofiice 468 
 
 B 
 
 Babb's Creek 63 
 
 Babb, Samson 63, 487 
 
 Babcock, Charles Levi 844 
 
 Babeock, Oliver Perry 843 
 
 Babcock, Samuel Perry 843 
 
 Bache Auditorium' 349 
 
 Bache, John N., sketch of 158 
 
1162 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Bache, John N., portrait of 273 
 
 •Bache, William, Sr 265, 658 
 
 Bache, Mrs. William, Sr 268 
 
 Bache, William, Jr., sketch oi 658 
 
 Bache, William, Jr., portrait of 65 
 
 Bacon, Dr. Daniel. 199 
 
 Bacon, Daniel Harvey 720 
 
 Bacon, Elmer 703 
 
 Bacon, Dr. Ethan B 193 
 
 Bacon, Morgan L., M. D., sketches of 199, 704 
 Bacon, Morgan L., M. D., portrait of . . . . 201 
 
 Bacon, Oliver 720 
 
 Bacon, Oliver, Jr., sketch of 721 
 
 Bacon, Oliver Jr., portrait of 737 
 
 Bacon, Simeon, sketch of 720 
 
 Bacon, Simeon, portrait of 721 
 
 Bailey, Carl E 850 
 
 Bailey, Cephas 1075 
 
 Bailey, Clark B 849 
 
 Bailey, Clark W 1066 
 
 Bailey, Harrison C 1075 
 
 Bailey, John W., sketch of 670 
 
 Bailey, John W., portrait of 673 
 
 Bailey, Julius M 672 
 
 Bailey, Leon 672 
 
 Bailey, Llewellyn L 671 
 
 Bailey, Hon. Morton S 671 
 
 Bailey, Ransom W 672 
 
 Bailey, Robert B 1066 
 
 Bailey, Roswell 361, 1065 \ 
 
 Bailey, Thomas H., sketch of 1066 
 
 Bailey, Thomas H., portrait of 625 
 
 Bair, Thomas A., M. D 201, 958 
 
 Baker, Aaron E 863 
 
 Baker, Albert 907 
 
 Baker, Allen 891 
 
 Baker, Charles L 979 
 
 Baker, Chauncey 979 
 
 Baker, Hollister 907 
 
 Baker, Ira 891 
 
 Baker, Nathan 891 
 
 Baker, Robert Casbeer 863 
 
 Baker, Hon. Samuel 56, 207, 524 
 
 Baker, Sylvanus S 863 
 
 Balance, The 587 
 
 Baldwin, Alfred M 750 
 
 Baldwin, Daniel W 185 
 
 Baldwin, Eleazer 532, 1031 
 
 Baldwin, Ethan 84 
 
 Baldwin, Henry i 211 
 
 Baldwin, H. L 178 
 
 Baldwin, Moses S 1031 
 
 Baldwin, Mose S 1032 
 
 Baldwin, Vine 749 
 
 Baldwin, Vine H 750 
 
 Balsam Postoffice 359 
 
 Banking House of Morgan Seely 399 
 
 Banking House of Ross & Williams 586 
 
 Banner, The Northern 512 
 
 Banner, The Tioga 325 
 
 Banner, The Tioga County 324 
 
 Bannon, Patrick 1123 
 
 Baptist Chtjkches. — Wellsboro, 307, 310; 
 
 Delmar, 355-56; Charleston, 364-65; 
 
 Middlebury, 373-74; Deerfield, 418-19; 
 
 Knoxville, 428; Westfleld township, 
 
 435; Westfield borough, 447; Brook- 
 
 Page, 
 field, 453-54; Chatham, 461; Clymer, 
 467; Shippen, 473; Gaines, 480; Mor- 
 ris, 490; Antrim, 497; Tioga borough, 
 513; Lawrenceville, 538; Jackson, 
 546-47; Rutland, 554-55; Sullivan, 
 561-62; Mansfield, 588; Covington, 603; 
 Blossburg, 620; Morris Run, 628-29; 
 Union, 652. 
 
 Bar Association, of Tioga County 186 
 
 Bar of Tioga County 151 
 
 Bar, present members of 185 
 
 Barden, John M., M. D 199, 1063 
 
 Barden, O. P., M. D 200 
 
 Barden, William M., M. D. 198, 1063 
 
 Barnes, Augustus F 707 
 
 Barney, William 536 
 
 Barnhart, John H 962 
 
 Bartle, Augustus 745 
 
 Bartle, Eli 985 
 
 Bartle, Jacob C 746 
 
 Bartle, Ransford D 753 
 
 Bastian, John C, M. D 198 
 
 Baxter, Alva 824 
 
 Baxter, Calvin S., M. D 202, 833 
 
 Baxter, George Henry 832 
 
 Baxter, William 824 
 
 Beach, Clark W 169 
 
 Beach, Ezra G 953 
 
 Beach, Isaac 953 
 
 Beach, Jefferson B 953 
 
 Bean, Ebenezer A 896 
 
 Bear Run-Coal Mines 610 
 
 Beard, Dr 192 
 
 Beauge, Eugene 712 
 
 Beauge, Francis 712 
 
 Beauge, Frank L 713 
 
 Beck, George 1149 
 
 Beebe, Anson 1025 
 
 Beebe, Charles 1025 
 
 Beebe, Hiram 1025 
 
 Beecher, Hopestill 406 
 
 Beecher, John 272, 406 
 
 Beecher, Mrs. John 270 
 
 Beecher, Thomas 406 
 
 Beers, James Lewis, M. D 202, 819 
 
 Beiver, Charles L 829 
 
 Beiver, Lewis 828 
 
 Bellews, Ira W., M. D 436 
 
 Bench and Bar 145 
 
 Benedict, Elisha B., M. D 195 
 
 Benjamin, Elmer E 763 
 
 Benjamin, Miner 763 
 
 Bennett, John Calvin 1116 
 
 Bennett, Albert M 1116 
 
 Bentley, E. N 1072 
 
 Bentley, Dr. J. Irving 203 
 
 Bentley, W. W 1072 
 
 Bergh, John A 1018 
 
 Bergh, Joseph 1018 
 
 Bernauer, Joshua 961 
 
 Berry, Thomas 506 
 
 Beuter, Albert 1133 
 
 Biddle, Israel 1129 
 
 Big Marsh 351 
 
 Big Meadows 470 
 
 Billings, Charles Freeborn, sketch of... 876 
 Billings, Charles Freeborn, portrait of. . 417 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1163 
 
 Page. 
 Billings, Silas, enterprises 6'f .114,423,478, 484 
 
 Billings, Silas, sketch of 875 
 
 Billings, Silas X, sketch ol 876 
 
 Billings, Silas X., portrait of 309 
 
 Billings Park 421 
 
 Birmingham, Thomas J 1158 
 
 Birrolo, Dr. Francis A 617 
 
 Bixby, Amos 1059 
 
 Black, Isaac F 1158 
 
 Blackwell, Enoch, Sr 487,1154 
 
 Blackwell, Enoch 1155 
 
 Blackwell, William 1155 
 
 Blackwell, Dr. William 199 
 
 Blaekwells, village of 492 
 
 Blair, Matthew A 1134 
 
 Blair, Matthew C 1127 
 
 Blair, Orrin 714 
 
 Blanchard, Charles, Sr 826 
 
 Blanchard, Charles 826 
 
 Blanchard, Oliver H 827 
 
 Bliss, John J 778 
 
 Bliss, John S 778 
 
 Bliss, Mrs 268 
 
 Block House 96, 640 
 
 Bloss, Aaron 593, 612, 1107 
 
 Bloss, Everett Winter 1107 
 
 Bloss, Eandolph F 1108 
 
 Bloss Coal Vein 120, 122 
 
 Blossburg Advertiser 1126 
 
 Blossbubg Bobough.— Opening of the 
 Williamson Road, 611; Peter's Camp, 
 611; Physical Features, 611; Streams, 
 611; Altitude, 611; Population, 612; 
 Pioneer Settlers, 612; Early Indus- 
 tries and Enterprises, 613; Discovery 
 of Coal, 613; Judge John H. Knapp's 
 Enterprises, 613; The Arbon Coal Com- 
 pany, 614; Postmasters, 614; Early 
 Stores and Hotels, 614; Coming and 
 Blossburg Eailroad, 614; John G. 
 Boyd's Speculations, 615; Sir Charles 
 Lyell's Visit, 615; Manufacture of 
 Glass, 615; Morris Run Eailroad, 615; 
 Fall Brook Railroad, 616; Leather 
 Tannery, 616; Borough Organization 
 and Officials, 616; Fire Department, 
 616; The Fire of 1873, 617; Physicians 
 and Lawyers, 617; Schools, 618; Mt. 
 Zion Welsh Congregational Church, 
 618; Christ Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, 618; St. Luke's Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, 619; St. Andrew's 
 Roman Catholic Church, 619; St. 
 Mary's Roman Catholic Church (Po- 
 lish), 619; The First Presbyterian 
 Church of Blossburg, 620; The First 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Bloss- 
 burg, 620; The First Baptist Church 
 ol Blossburg, 620; The Second Con- 
 gregational Church of Blossburg, 621; 
 Cemet-eries, 631; Societies, 621; The 
 Blossburg Petroleum Company, 623; 
 The Blossburg Water Company, 623; 
 The Blossburg Beef Company, 623; 
 The Blossburg Building, Real Estate 
 and Improvement Company, 623; The 
 Miners National Bank, 623; The Cot- 
 
 Page. 
 
 tage State Hospital, 624; The Bloss- 
 burg Advertiser, 1126. 
 Bloss Township. — Organization, 604; 
 Area and Boundaries, 604; Altitude, 
 604; Streams, 604; Forest Growth, 
 604; Mineral Deposits, 605; Farming 
 Lands, 605; Justices of the Peace, 
 605; Reductions of Area, 605; The 
 Blossburg Coal Company, 605; Arnot, 
 607; Landrus, 610; The Bear Run 
 Coal Mines, 610. 
 Blossburg Coal, character and uses of.. 127 
 
 Blossburg Coal Company 105, 605 
 
 Blossburg and Gaines Coal Basins 119 
 
 Blossburg Mountain Basin 20 
 
 Bodine, Abram L 674 
 
 Bodine, Ellis M 673 
 
 Bodine, Fred M 674 
 
 Bodine, Isaac M 673 
 
 Bodine, William T 674 
 
 Bonney, Dr. Hibbard 193 
 
 Bonney, Dr. Jonathan 191 
 
 Boom, Ben 948 
 
 Boom, Matthew 214, 948 
 
 Booth, Henry 285 
 
 Borden, H. H., M. D 197 
 
 Borden, Robert J 698 
 
 Bosard, Andrew 858 
 
 Bosard, Andrew Keller 858 
 
 Bosard, James Huntington 174 
 
 Bosard, Jerome L 833 
 
 Bosworth, Charles H., M. D 202, 862 
 
 Bos worth, Henry C, M. D 198, 862 
 
 Bottom, Charles 831 
 
 Bottom, Jerome 831 
 
 Bottom, Walter 831 
 
 Bottum, Arthur L., M. D 200, 918 
 
 Boundary Line Dispute 48 
 
 Boundary Line of Purchase of 1768 34 
 
 Bowen, Benjamin S 870 
 
 Bowen, Elihu 893 
 
 Bowen, Emmer, Sr 869 
 
 Bowen, Emmer 870 
 
 Bowen, Enoch E 870 
 
 Bowen, George C 871 
 
 Bowen, George W 823 
 
 Bowen, Isaac R 779 
 
 Bowen, John R 684 
 
 Bowen, Martin 893 
 
 Bowman, Charles O 164 
 
 Bowman, Godfrey 213 
 
 Boyden, Addison 734 
 
 Boyden, Addison C 735 
 
 Boyden, Alfred 734 
 
 Boyden, Charles P 735 
 
 Boyden, Joseph 734 
 
 Boyden, Melvin 734 
 
 Boyer, Dr. H 200 
 
 Bradford, Joseph E 1097 
 
 Bradford, Leonard J., M. D 1097 
 
 Bradley, Elbridge J 984 
 
 Bradley, Peter W 984 
 
 Brant, Legrand G 1036 
 
 Brant, Nelvin H 1036 
 
 Breck, Eev. Charles 397 
 
 Brewster, Alexander S. .-. 156 
 
 Brewster, Jonah 666 
 
1164 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Briggs, Ira 799 
 
 Briggs, Oliver 799 
 
 Brill, Louis 717 
 
 Brimegin, Andrew 960 
 
 Brookfield Township. • — Organization, 
 449; Origin of Name, 449; Area and 
 Boundaries, 449; Physical Conforma- 
 tion, 449; Elevations, 449; Streams, 
 449; Population, 450; Justices of the 
 Peace, 450; Early Settlers, 450; Mills 
 and Factories, 452; Schools, 453; The 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Brookfield, 452; The Second Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church of Brookfield, 
 453; The Free Will Baptist Church of 
 Brookfield, 453; The First Baptist 
 Church of Brookfield, 454; Brookfield 
 Hollow Union Cemetery Association, 
 454; The Plank Cemetery, 454; Wood- 
 lawn Cemetery Association, 454; 
 Brookfield, 454; Austinburg, 455; Syl- 
 vester, 456. 
 
 Brookfield, village of 454 
 
 Brooks, Almon 742 
 
 Brooks, Frank W 742 
 
 Broughton, Emmet W 975 
 
 Broughton, Henry 930 
 
 Broughton, Horace 975 
 
 Broughton, Nathan 930 
 
 Broughton, William 931 
 
 Brown, James B 807 
 
 Brown, Dr. Jeremiah 192 
 
 Brown, John 864 
 
 Brown, John H 209 
 
 Brown, Dr. Leon C 203 
 
 Brown, Merrit B 1040 
 
 Brown, Miletus 1040 
 
 Brown, Poleman E 807 
 
 Brown, Eichard 806 
 
 Brown, Wilbur 1011 
 
 Brownlee PostofBce 497 
 
 Brugler, Charles E 888 
 
 Brunswick Tannery 492 
 
 Bryant, Hiram 786 
 
 Bryant, Isaac 810 
 
 Bryant, James 786 
 
 Bryant, James E 787 
 
 Bryant, Niles Emmer 787 
 
 Buck, S. Austin 934 
 
 Buck, Randolph H 935 
 
 Buckley, John H 742 
 
 Buckley, Peter 741 
 
 Buckwheat, cultivation of 118 
 
 Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad 108 
 
 Bulkley, Charles 853 
 
 Bulkley, Edwin B 915 
 
 Bulkley, George 915 
 
 Bulkley, George Newton 853 
 
 Bulkley, Ira 853 
 
 Bulkley, Israel 208, 853 
 
 Bundy, Dr. Oliver Treat 193 
 
 Burdic, Riley 954 
 
 Burdie, William R 955 
 
 Burg-in, John Jacob 694 
 
 Burley, Ebenezer 210 
 
 Bumham, D. C 1072 
 
 Page. 
 
 Burnett, John 759 
 
 Bumside, Hon. Thomas 145 
 
 Burrows, Gen. John, narrative of 63 
 
 Bush, Alvah C 995 
 
 Bush, Cornelius 931 
 
 Bush, John B 897 
 
 Bush, Peter B 931 
 
 Butler, Allen 724 
 
 Butler, Edward H 981 
 
 Butler, Horace 981 
 
 Butler, John M 724 
 
 Butler, Wellman 734 
 
 Button, Elpheus 789 
 
 Button, Charley B 790 
 
 Button, Harvey 789 
 
 Butts, Byrissa B 1056 
 
 Butts, Charles N 958 
 
 Butts, Lorin, sketch of 1056 
 
 Butts, Lorin, portrait of 569 
 
 C 
 
 Cady, Leniuel 847 
 
 Cady, Sala V 800 
 
 Cady, Samuel A *. 799 
 
 Cady, Simeon 847 
 
 Caldwell, Dr. Henry E 301 
 
 Caldwell, Dr. John 300 
 
 Caldwell, Dr. William 200 
 
 Calkins, Rev. J. F 300 
 
 Cameron, David 178 
 
 Campbell, Adelbert E 830 
 
 Campbell, E. B 113 
 
 Campbell, Edward H 730 
 
 Campbell, Francis C 84 
 
 Campbell, James 729 
 
 Campbell, John H 839 
 
 Campbell, Joseph, Sr 839 
 
 Campbell, Joseph, Jr 839 
 
 Campbell, Joseph D 830 
 
 Campbell, Newell T 730 
 
 Campbell, Robert (Morris township) 211 
 
 Campbell, Robert (Delmar) 729 
 
 Campbell. William 729 
 
 Cannon, Hyram . . , 192 
 
 Cannon, Dr. Stillman 192 
 
 Canoe Camp, village of 573 
 
 Canoe Camp Full Cream Cheese Fac- 
 tory 574 
 
 Canoe Place 35 
 
 Carl, Dimcan 214 
 
 Carpenter. Charles 872 
 
 Carpenter, Lorentes 873 
 
 Carpenter, Lyman 872 
 
 Carpenter, Willard S 873 
 
 Carpenter Postoffice 653 
 
 Casbeer, Daniel E 833 
 
 Casbeer, Robert 832 
 
 Casbeer, William 213 
 
 Cass, Prof. Marion F 850 
 
 Catholic Chtjeches. — St. Peter's, Wells- 
 boro, 309; Church of the Sacred Heart, 
 Hoytville, 491; St. John's, Antrim, 
 496; St. Mary's, Tioga borough, 515; 
 Mansfield Mission, 591; St. Andrew's, 
 Amot, 009; St. Andrew's, Blossburg, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1165 
 
 Page. 
 619; St. Mary's, Blossburg', 619; St. 
 Mary's, Morris Eun, 629; St. Joseph's, 
 Morris Kun, 639; St. John's, Fall 
 Brook, 638; St. John's, Union town- 
 ship, 653. 
 
 Central Union Church, Sullivan 564 
 
 Chamberlain, Floyd 1104 
 
 Chamberlain, Henry Elisha 847 
 
 Chamberlain, Joel 847 
 
 Chamberlain, Simon Snyder 812 
 
 Chamberlain, Ulysses 1104 
 
 Champaign, William E 711 
 
 Champlain, Joseph 941 
 
 Champlaiu, Eobert 940 
 
 Champlain, William 940 
 
 Champlin, George 906 
 
 Champlin, James, sketch of 907 
 
 Champlin, James, portrait of 913 
 
 Chandler, Norman T 691 
 
 Channell, Leon Sewell 184 
 
 Channell, S. Fowler 178 
 
 CnAELESTOJsr Township. — Organization, 
 360; Area and Boundaries, 360; 
 Streams, 360; Elevations, 360; Popu- 
 lation, 361; The Pioneers, 361; Mills 
 and Other Enterprises, 362; Schools, 
 363; Justices of the Peace, 363; The 
 Charleston Baptist Church, 364; The 
 Old School Baptist Church, 364; The 
 Kegular Baptist Church of Cherry 
 Flats, 364; The Eegular Baptist 
 Church of East Charleston, 365; The 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Catlin Hollow, 365; The First Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church of Charleston, 
 365; The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Round Top, 366; Mt. Zion Wesleyan 
 Methodist Church, 366; The Welsh 
 Congregation and Society of Charles- 
 ton, 366; The First Christian Church 
 of Charleston, 366; Cemeteries, 366 
 Societies, 367; Cherry Flats, 367 
 Cherry Plats Cheese Factory, 367 
 Whitneyville, or East Charleston Post- 
 office, ' 368; The East Charleston 
 Cheese Factory, 368; The Dartt Settle- 
 ment, 368; The Welsh Settlement, 
 368; Eound Top, 368; The Eound Top 
 Cheese Factory, 369; Hill's Creek, 369. 
 
 Chase, Stephen P 945 
 
 Chatham Township. — Organization, 457; 
 Area and Boundaries, 457; Streams, 
 457; Physical Peculiarities, 457; Early 
 Settlers, 458; Pioneer Industries, 459; 
 Schools, 460; Justices of the Peace, 
 460; The Free Will Baptist Church of 
 Chatham Valley, 461; The First Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church of Chatham, 
 461; The Second Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 461; The First Chatham Ceme- 
 tery Association, 461; The Lee Ceme- 
 tery Association, 461; The Robert 
 Hill Cemetery Association, 462; The 
 Boardman Cemetery, 462; Societies, 
 462; Little Marsh, 462; Chatham Val- 
 ley Postoffice, or Shortsville, 463; 
 East Chatham, 463. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Chatham Valley Postoffice 463 
 
 Cheney, Alpheus 663 
 
 Cherry Flats, village of 367 
 
 Cherry Plats Cheese Factory 367 
 
 Chief Justice Supreme Court of Penn- 
 sylvania 137 
 
 Christian Churches. — Charleston, 366; 
 Knoxville, 438; Lawrence, 540; 
 Mainesburg, 564; Canoe Camp, 572; 
 Covington, 603; Union, 653. 
 
 Church, Leon A 1031 
 
 Clark, C. Elsworth 874 
 
 Clark, Cecil A 874 
 
 Clark, Edwin E., M. D 203, 866 
 
 Clark, Eleazer 873 
 
 Clark, Elias H 873 
 
 Clark, Elijah Pincheon 1051 
 
 Clark, Frank W 169 
 
 Clark, George A 1053 
 
 Clark, Justus B 1052 
 
 Clark, Justus B., Jr 1058 
 
 Clark, Lewis J 866 
 
 Clark, Seth 210 
 
 Clarke, Arvine 807 
 
 Clarke, David Arvine 808 
 
 Clarke, John E 808 
 
 Clemens, Frank 774 
 
 Clemens, Martin 774 
 
 Clemens, Martin V 774 
 
 demons, Alanson 1108 
 
 Clemons, David 131, 1108 
 
 Clemons, Holland 1108 
 
 Clemons Coal Mine 121 
 
 Cleveland, Dr. J. E 199 
 
 Clpos, David 908 
 
 Cloos, Luther Newberry, M. D 203, 809 
 
 Cloos, Newberry 809 
 
 Cloos, Newberry, Sr 908 
 
 Close, Ambrose 908 
 
 Close, Charles 777 
 
 Close, E. G 777 
 
 Close, Reuben H 825 
 
 Clymer Postoffice 469 
 
 Cltmbr Township. — Original Name, 463; 
 Why Named Clymer, 463; Elevation, 
 464; Drainage, 464; Form and Area, 
 464; Early Settlers, 464; Early In- 
 dustries, 466; Schools, 466; Justices, 
 466; The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Clymer, 466; Clymer Baptist Church, 
 467; The Free Will Baptist Church of 
 Sabinsville, 467; The Sabinsville Ceme- 
 tery, 467; The Ackley Cemetery, 467; 
 The Labar Burying Ground, 467; The 
 West Beech Woods Cemetery, 467 ; The 
 Bristol Burying Ground, 467; The Bar- 
 ber Cemetery, 467; The Larrison and 
 Swimelar Cemeteries, 467; Societies, 
 467; Mixtown, 467; Sabinsville, 468; 
 Davis Station, or Lansing Postoffice, 
 468; Azelta, 468; Clymer, 469. 
 
 Clymer, William B 463 
 
 Clymer, Mrs. William B., patriotism of. . 217 
 
 Coal, discovery of at Blossburg 121 
 
 Coal Measures and Veins 120 
 
 Coal Mines and Mining 119 
 
 Coal Mining, past and present 131 
 
1166 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Coal Milling Statistics 130 
 
 Coal, production of 125 
 
 "Coal Regions of America," extracts 
 
 from 126 
 
 Coal Run Mine 124 
 
 Coal Seams Described 126 
 
 Coates, Edwin W 835 
 
 Coates, Lintsford 835 
 
 Coates, Lintsford M 835 
 
 Coates, Timothy 835 
 
 Cobb, M. H., printer and poet 253, 321 
 
 Coke, manufacture of 128 
 
 Coke Ovens 128 
 
 Cole, Dr. Alston J 200 
 
 Cole, George L 791 
 
 Cole, Heber 790 
 
 Cole, John J 215 
 
 Cole, Dr. Orson C 200 
 
 Cole, Royal Sll, 215, 267 
 
 Cole, Sala 790 
 
 Colegrove, George Thomas 815 
 
 Colegrove, Thomas 815 
 
 Coleman, Dr. Samuel 190 
 
 Coles, Lyman 718 
 
 Coles, Sheridan E 1078 
 
 Coles, William Riley 718 
 
 Colvin, Benjamin P 864 
 
 Colvin, Gaylord G 864 
 
 Colvin, W. Rensselaer 867 
 
 Commissioners' Clerks 143 
 
 Commissioners, first session of 76 
 
 Commissioners' Contract with David 
 
 Henry 133 
 
 Commissioners' and Prothonotary's 
 
 Building 134 
 
 Common School System Adopted 291 
 
 Compton, Jesse 819 
 
 Compton, William T 819 
 
 Cone, A. P 159 
 
 Conevery, Prank 708 
 
 Congregational Chubches. — Elkland, 
 392; Nelson, 410; Arnot, 609; Bloss- 
 burg, 618, 621. 
 
 Conley, Jacob B 814 
 
 Conley, Jefferson B 815 
 
 Conners, J. D 1132 
 
 Constitutional Conventions, members 
 
 of 138 
 
 Converse, Chester R 687 
 
 Converse, M. M 687 
 
 Conyngham, John Nesbit 146 
 
 Cook, "Granny" 191 
 
 Cook, John 1124 
 
 Cook, Reuben, Sr 207, 405 
 
 Cook, Reuben, Jr 406 
 
 Coolidge, Amos 268 
 
 Cooper, Jason 214 
 
 Cooper, Joseph 949 
 
 Cooper, Solomon 949 
 
 Corey, Benjamin 575 
 
 Cornelius, Charles H 185 
 
 Cornelius, Prank M 845 
 
 Cornelius, Joseph 844 
 
 Corning and Blossburg Railroad. .. .105, 123 
 
 Coroners 143 
 
 County Auditors 142 
 
 County Commissioners 141 
 
 County House and Parm 136 
 
 County Records Stolen 90 
 
 County School Convention, first 291 
 
 County Seat Laid Out 73 
 
 County Seat, lots advertised 74 
 
 County Superintendents 144 
 
 County Surveyors 143 
 
 County Treasurers 140^ 
 
 Courier, The Knoxville 437 
 
 Courts, early 80 
 
 Court House and Jail 134 
 
 Covington Borough. — Creation, 597 ; 
 Description, 597; Population, 597; 
 Early Settlers, 597; Manufacturing 
 Enterprises, 598; Early Hotel Keepers 
 and Merchants, 599; Borough Organi- 
 tion and Oflicials, 600; Postmasters 
 and Physicians, 601; Newspapers, 601; 
 Schools, 602; The Church of Christ of 
 Covington, 603; The Pirst Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of Covington, 602; 
 The Pirst Baptist Church of Coving- 
 ton, 603; The Pirst Presbyterian 
 Church of Covington, 603; Secret So- 
 cieties, 604 
 
 Covington Glass Works 116, 595 
 
 Covington Township. — Organization, 
 593; Area and Boundaries, 593; 
 Streams, 593; Physical Peatures, 593; 
 Population, 593; Early Settlers, 593; 
 Early and Later Enterprises, 594; The 
 Covington Glass Works, 595; Schools, 
 595; Postmasters and Justices, 596; 
 The Pirst Methodist EpiscopJtl Church 
 of Cherry Flats,. 596; The Second Ad- 
 ventist Church, 596; The Covington 
 Cemetery, 596; The Gray Cemetery, 
 596; The Lewis Farm Cemetery, 596; 
 Societies, 596. 
 Cowanesque Branch of Pall Brook Rail- 
 road 106 
 
 Cowanesque, meaning of name 27, 395 
 
 Cowanesque River 27 
 
 Cowanesque River Declared Navigable.. 104 
 
 Cowanesque Valley 24 
 
 Cowanesque Valley Bank 399' 
 
 Cowbum, Henry S 966 
 
 Cox, Gen. Robert Corson, sketches of .317, 679' 
 Cox, Gen. Robert Corson, portrait of . . . 341 
 Cox, Gen. Robert Corson, "Memories of 
 
 the War" 217 
 
 Crags and Pines — poem 356 
 
 Crajidall, Asa 848' 
 
 Crandall, Charles M 848 
 
 Crandall, Francis Marion 860^ 
 
 Crandall, Fred. W 849 
 
 Crandall, G. D., M. D 200' 
 
 Crandall, Russell 859 
 
 Crandall, Silas G 860 
 
 Crandall, Stennett 859 
 
 Crandall, Truman 860' 
 
 Crandall, Vine 860' 
 
 Crippen, John 214 
 
 Crooked Creek 25 
 
 Crooked Creek Basin 22 
 
 Crooked Creek Canon 25 
 
 Crooked Creek, course of 23 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1167 
 
 Page. 
 
 Crooked Creek Declared Navigable 104 
 
 Crooked Creek Postoffice 376 
 
 Crowther, Rev. John C 1105 
 
 Cudworth, James, Sr 2] 2, 1086 
 
 Cud worth, James, sketch of 1086 
 
 Cudvyorth, James, portrait of 553 
 
 Cudworth, James C 1086 
 
 Cudvyorth, Paul 1086 
 
 Cummings, Dwight 813 
 
 Cummings, Charles Gurdon 813 
 
 Cummings, John L 1065 
 
 Cummings, Lawton 1065 
 
 Curran, George W 899 
 
 Curran, Henry 899 
 
 D 
 
 Daggett, Levids 1004 
 
 Daggett, Reuben 1003 
 
 Daggett, Seth 1003 
 
 Daggett, Seth 1004 
 
 TJaggetts, village of 549 
 
 Dairy and Meadow Farms 117 
 
 Damon, Pardon 157 
 
 Daniels, Henry F., Sr. . . v 891 
 
 Daniels, Henry F., Jr 892 
 
 Daniels, Richard 526 
 
 Darbv, Delbert H 1160 
 
 Darby, G. W 1159 
 
 Darling, Horace M 1026 
 
 Darling, Jerry C 982 
 
 Darling, Joseph A 974 
 
 Darling, Dr. Levris, Sr 193, 1026 
 
 Darling, Dr. Levris 199, 1027 
 
 Darling, Parsons L 1026 
 
 Darling, Thomas V 1028 
 
 Dartt, Albert P '. . . 700 
 
 Dartt, Arthur H 700 
 
 Dartt, Cyrus 699 
 
 Dartt, Edgar S 700 
 
 Dartt, Harris 975 
 
 Dartt, Hiram W 700 
 
 Dartt, James Gillis 767 
 
 Dartt, John B '... 976 
 
 Dartt, Col Justus 211, 699 
 
 Dartt Settlement 368 
 
 Davidson, Dr. James 190 
 
 Davies, Thomas D 776 
 
 Davies, Thomas J 776 
 
 Davis, Charles M 957 
 
 Davis, Frank M 923 
 
 Davis, George 1138 
 
 Davis, Hugh Llewellyn, M. D., sketches 
 
 of 201, 704 
 
 Davis, Hugh Llewellyn, M. D.. portrait 
 
 of 705 
 
 Davis, Jared 214, 957 
 
 Davis, John 958 
 
 Davis, John J., sketch of 1009 
 
 Davis, John J., portrait of 129 
 
 Davis, James T 1010 
 
 Davis, ReuTDcn F 957 
 
 Davis Station 468 
 
 Davis, Wilson 923 
 
 Day, Dr. William W 198 
 
 Deane, Darlus L 177 
 
 Deane, Erastus P 674 
 
 Page. 
 
 Deans, Frank A., sketch of 711 
 
 Deans, Frank A., portrait of 337 
 
 Deans, Horace A 710 
 
 Dearman, Albert 881 
 
 Dearman, Justus '. 881 
 
 Decker, Charles F 939 
 
 Decker, Joseph M 939 
 
 Deeboteld Township. — Origin of Name, 
 412; Original Area, 412; Present Area 
 and Boundaries, 412; Streams, 412; 
 Physical Features, 412; Altitude, 412; 
 Population, 412; Early Settlers, 413; 
 James Strawbridge's Experience, 413; 
 James Knox, the First White Male 
 Child, 414; Business and Manufactur- 
 ing Enterprises, 415; The Moses Lee 
 Cheese Factory, 416; The E. A. Bean 
 Cheese Factory, 416; J. S. Ingham & 
 Sons' Woolen Mill, 416; Pioneer 
 Schools, 417; Union Academy, 417; 
 Early Physicians and Justices, 418; 
 The Free Will Baptist Church of Deer- 
 field, 418; The First Baptist Church of 
 Deerfield, 419; East Deerfield Free 
 Baptist Church, 419; Highland Ceme- 
 tery Association, 420; Academy Cor- 
 ners, 420; Societies, 420. 
 
 Delmar Postoffice 359 
 
 Delmab Township. — Taxables of 1812, 
 68; Township Formed, 75; Bound- 
 aries Defined, 75, 350; Original Area, 
 75; Origin of Name, 350; Constituted 
 a Separate Election District, 350; Pres- 
 ent Area and Boundaries, 350; Phys- 
 ical Features, 350; Streams, 351; The 
 Big Marsh, 351; Elevations, 351; Pio- 
 neer Settlers, 352; Manufacturing En- 
 terprises, 353; Schools, 355; The First 
 Baptist Church of Delmar, 355; Marsh 
 Creek Baptist Church, 355; The Del- 
 mar Free Baptist Church, 356; The 
 Delmar and Shippen Free Baptist 
 Church, 356; The Coolidge Hollow 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, 356; The 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Middle Ridge, 356; The Dexter Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, 357; Cemete- 
 ries, 357; Stony Fork, Village of, 357; 
 The Stony Fork Creamery Association, 
 358; Secret Societies, 358; Stokesdale, 
 358; The Wellsboro Leather Company, 
 358; Stokesdale Junction, 359; Village 
 of Tiadaghton, 359; Kennedy, 359; 
 Olmsville, 359; Knapp, 359; Delmar; 
 359; Draper, 359; Balsam, 359. 
 
 Democrat, The Tioga 512 
 
 Democrat, The Wellsboro Weeklj"- 323 
 
 Dengle, John R 924 
 
 Deputy Attorney General 139 
 
 Derby, George H 696 
 
 Derby, George 696 
 
 Derbyshire, Charles 740 
 
 Derbyshire, William 741 
 
 Derbyshire, William Trowbridge 740 
 
 DeWitt, Caleb H 1099 
 
 DeWitt, Calvin H noo 
 
 Dickinson, George W 802 
 
1168 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Dickinson, Nathaniel 801 
 
 Dickinson, Peter 114 
 
 Dickinson, Samuel 114 
 
 Dimmick, Charles E 967 
 
 Dinnison, Andrew 1157 
 
 Dinnison, James 1157 
 
 Dip of the Rocks 31 
 
 District Attorneys 139 
 
 District Line 640 
 
 Doan, Andrew Jackson 826 
 
 Doan, Jacob B 836 
 
 Docket Entries 85 
 
 Dodge, James E 935 
 
 Donaldson, John P 186 
 
 Dorrance, Hon. Benjamin 840 
 
 Dorranee, George 839 
 
 Dorrance, George Gershom 841 
 
 Dort, Elihu J. 976 
 
 Dort, Porter J 977 
 
 Doud, Peleg 1086 
 
 Doud, Rev. Peleg W 1087 
 
 Drake, Dr. Emery G 201 
 
 Draketown 607 
 
 Draper Postofflce 359 
 
 Driscoll, Michael 1137 
 
 DriscoU, Thomas 1137 
 
 Dufe, John 1150 
 
 Dulso. Joseph C 846 
 
 Duncan Township. — Origin of Name, 
 493; Organization, 493; Area and Boun- 
 daries, 493; Physical Features, 493; Ele- 
 vations, 493; Population, 494; Justices, 
 494; TheFallBrook Coal Company, 494; 
 The Lawrenceville and Wellsboro Rail- 
 road, 494; The Village of Antrim, 495; 
 Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 496; St. John's Catholic Church, 496; 
 The Baptist Church of Antrim, 497; 
 The Swedish Baptist Church of An- 
 trim, 497; The Swedish Evangelical 
 Ijutheran Lebanon Church, 497; The 
 Presbyterian Church of Antrim, 497; 
 Brownlee Postoffice, 497. 
 
 Duhkle, Frank S 719 
 
 Dunsmore, Andrew B 182 
 
 Dwyer, John F 1130 
 
 Dwyer, Patrick 1130 
 
 E 
 
 Eagle, The Tioga 323 
 
 Early Attempts at Development of Coal 
 
 Deposits 122 
 
 Early Financial Statements 77 
 
 Early Mail Carriers 370 
 
 Early Military History 206 
 
 Early Navigation Schemes 103 
 
 East Charleston Postoffice 368 
 
 East Chatham Postoffice 463 
 
 East Point PostofBce 649 
 
 East and West State Road 85, 102 
 
 Eaton, Professor 123 
 
 Ebenton Postoffice 474 
 
 Eberenz, Alexander 985 
 
 Eberenz, Charles 723 
 
 Eberenz, William, sketch of 721 
 
 Eberenz, William, portrait of 353 
 
 Page. 
 
 Eberenz, William B 722 
 
 Eberle, Frank, sketch of 914 
 
 Eberle, Frank, portrait of 465 
 
 Edgcomb, John C 925 
 
 Edward's, Prof. Artemus 865 
 
 Eick, Henry '. 920 
 
 Eightieth Regiment — Seventh Cavalry.. 229 
 
 Elbridge Postoffice 383 
 
 Eldridge, John 955 
 
 Eldridge, John Edward 865 
 
 Eldridge, Horace 865 
 
 Eldridge, Thomas 214, 955 
 
 Elevations Above Tide Water 25 
 
 Elk Township. — Organization, 483 ; 
 Boundaries ajid Area, 483; Physical 
 Features, 483; Streams, 483; Popula- 
 tion, 483; Early Settlers, 483; Indus- 
 trial Enterprises, 484; The Cedar Run 
 Tannery, 484 ; Schools, 485 ; The 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Lee- 
 tonia, 485; North Elk Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, 485; Justices of the 
 Peace, 485; Leetonia, 485; Malone, 
 485. 
 Elkland Boroitgh. — Township of Elk- 
 land, 384; Reductions of Area, 384; 
 Final Extinction, 384; Erection of Bor- 
 ough of Elkland, 384; Erection of 
 Townships of Nelson and Osceola, 384; 
 Pioneer Settlers, 384; Village Growth, 
 385; Later Enterprises, 386; The Elk- 
 land Tannery, 386; Decker & Metcalf's 
 Sash, Door and Blind Factory, 387; 
 The Pattison National Bank, 387', The 
 Cowanesque Valley Oil Company, 387; 
 The Tioga Telephone Company, 387; 
 The Elkland Furniture Association 
 (Limited), 387; The Favorite Folding 
 Chair Company, 387; The Elkland 
 Manufacturing Company, 388; The 
 Elkland Carriage Works, 388; The 
 Elkland Planing Mill, 388; The Elk- 
 land Foundry, 388; The Elkland 
 Basket Works, 388; The Elkland Pure 
 Oil and Gas Company, 388; The Elk- 
 land Bicycle Club, 388; Schools, 388; 
 Hotels, 390; Borough Organization 
 and Officials, 390; Postmasters, 391; 
 Physicians and Lawyers, 391; News- 
 papers, 392; First Congregrational 
 Church of Elkland, 392; The Presby- 
 terian Church of Elkland and Osceola, 
 392; The Tabernacle, 392; The First 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Elk- 
 land, 393; The Presbyterian Grave- 
 yard, 394; The Highland Cemetery 
 Association of Elkland, 394; Socie- 
 ties, 394. 
 
 Elk Run Postoffice 566 
 
 Elliott, Charles Volney, M. D 197, 1062 
 
 Elliott, P. G., M. D 202 
 
 Elliott, George H 1062 
 
 Elliott, John 528 
 
 Elliott, Larman H 1062 
 
 Elliott, Levi 1069 
 
 Elliott, Hon. Mortimer F., sketch of 168 
 
 Elliott, Hon. Mortimer P., portrait of... 169 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1169 
 
 Page. 
 
 Elliott, Col. Nathaniel A 1069 
 
 Elliott, Oliver 1061 
 
 Elliott, Thomas D 1062 
 
 Elliott, Victor A 185 
 
 Ellis, Amasa 936 
 
 Ellis, Delos E 936 
 
 Ellis, Deacon Eichard 211, 935 
 
 Ellis, Richard, Jr 936 
 
 Elmira and State Line Eailroad 107 
 
 Emberger, Ferdinand 778 
 
 Eniberger, Joseph 778 
 
 Emery, Josiah 155, 282 
 
 Emery's, Josiah, English Grammar 249 
 
 Emery's Josiah, reminiscences 262, 283 
 
 English, Eugene S 974 
 
 English, John 973 
 
 Era of Plank Eoads 103 
 
 Era of Eapid Development 112 
 
 Erie Eailway Company 105 
 
 Erosion of Surface 28 
 
 Ervyay, Philip, sketch of 887 
 
 Erway, Philip, portrait of 881 
 
 EVAWGELICAl AND LtTTHEBAN ChUBCHES. 
 
 — Knoxville, 428; Antrim, 497; Amot, 
 609; Morris Eun, 629; Liberty, 644-46. 
 
 Evans, Allison H 1035 
 
 Evans, Alton C 1035 
 
 Evans, David E 1127 
 
 Evans, William H 1034 
 
 Everitt, Noah 884 
 
 Execution, Only criminal 136 
 
 Express, The Mansfield 587 
 
 Express, The Tioga County 512 
 
 Express, Tioga 512 
 
 F 
 
 Pair Play System 38 
 
 Eairman, Charles G 326 
 
 Talkner, Joseph, Sr 874 
 
 Palkner, Joseph, Jr 874 
 
 Eall Brook: Bobough. — Location, 633; 
 Altitude, 633; Population, 633; The 
 Fall Brook Coal Company, 633; The 
 Fall Brook Eailroad, 634; Telegraph 
 Line, 636; Borough Organization and 
 Oificials, 636; Schools, 637; Presbyte- 
 rian Church, 637 ; St. Thomas' Protest- 
 ant Episcopal Church, 637; St. John's 
 Catholic Church, 638; Societies, 638. 
 
 Eall Brook Coal Company 633 
 
 Fall Brook Eailroad 105 
 
 Fall Brook Eailroad System 107 
 
 Farmers' Alliance 119 
 
 F'armers' and Traders' Bank 443 
 
 Fairmington Hill Postoffice 383 
 
 Faeminoton Township. — Organization, 
 379; Area and Bovtndaries, 379; Phys- 
 ical Features, 379; Population, 379; 
 Early Settlers, 379; Manufacturing 
 Enterprises, 380; The West Farming- 
 ton Cheese Factory, 380; Schools and 
 Justices, 381; The Presbyterian Con- 
 gregation of Farmington, 381; The 
 Farmington Hill Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 381; The Methodist Episcopal 
 •Church of West Farmington, 382; The 
 
 Page. 
 Farmington Cemetery Association, 
 382; The Union Cemetery Company 
 of Farmington, 382; The Cemetery As- 
 sociation of North Farmington, 382; 
 The Moury Cemetery, 383; The Gee 
 Burying Ground, 383; The Jacob Pruts- 
 man Burying Ground, 383; West Farm- 
 ington Postoffice, 383; Farmington 
 Hill Postoffice, 383; Blbridge Post- 
 office, 383; Odle Corners Postoffice, 
 383. 
 
 Farr, C. B 1008 
 
 Farr, Eli S 1008 
 
 Farr, John B., Sr 212, 817 
 
 Farr, John B 817 
 
 Farr, Lafayette 817 
 
 Faulkner, Elihu H 960 
 
 Faulkner, Lemuel M 960 
 
 Faulkner, Levi 875 
 
 Faulkner, Dr. Peter ". 192 
 
 Fellovirs, Asahel 725 
 
 Fellows, Charles L 185 
 
 Fellows, Erastus 273 
 
 Fellows, Mrs. Erastus 269 
 
 Fellows, George Leroy 726 
 
 Fellows, John 725 
 
 Fenton, Lewis W 842 
 
 Ferris, George 950 
 
 Ferris, Joseph H 950 
 
 Ferry, Chauncey 791 
 
 Ferry, Ebenezer 212, 791 
 
 Ferry, Leon B 184 
 
 Ferry, Eobert Bruce 791 
 
 Pick, John 1146 
 
 Fick, Perley H 1146 
 
 Field, Daniel 722 
 
 Field, Darwin S 724 
 
 Field, Ferdinand E 723 
 
 Field, Isaac F 722 
 
 Field, Moses D 723 
 
 Field, Eansford W 723 
 
 Field, Zenas 722 
 
 Fifty-seventh Eegiment 227 
 
 Fifty-ninth Eegiment — Second Cavalry. 228 
 
 Financial Statements, early 77 
 
 First National Bank of Wellsboro 335 
 
 First National Bank of Wellsboro, rob- 
 bery of 336 
 
 Fish, Capt. Eeuben 957 
 
 Fisher, Daniel 748 
 
 Fisher, Edward D 748 
 
 Fisher, Samuel W., mills of 110, 260 
 
 Fischler, John (Delmar township) 755 
 
 Pischler, John (Gaines township) 969 
 
 Fitch, John E 886 
 
 Fitch, John W 885 
 
 Fitch, Dr. John S 199 
 
 Fleming, Lester M 701 
 
 Fleming, Eobert H 701 
 
 Flower, Francis '. 1082 
 
 Foote, Henry M 176 
 
 Foote, Dr. Ira B 198 
 
 Ford, Cassius M 749 
 
 Ford, Darius B 749 
 
 Ford, Hon. James, sketches of 533, 1019 
 
 Ford, Hon. James, portrait of 521 
 
 Forty-second Eegiment — Bucktails 220 
 
1170 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Forty-fifth Kegiment 223 
 
 Port Sumter, news of firing on 216 
 
 roster, Eev. Thomas 399 
 
 Foundries 115 
 
 Fourteenth United States Infantry 347 
 
 Fowler, George H 881 
 
 Fralic, Michael 1081 
 
 Fralic, M. H 1081 
 
 Francis, Dr. Walter B 301 
 
 Frazer, Dr. Allen, Jr 193 
 
 Freeborn, Col. Hiram 877 
 
 Free Press, The Westfield 445 
 
 Freligh, John E 973 
 
 French Explorers and Missionaries 33 
 
 French, Marcus S 1070 
 
 Friends, James 1044 
 
 Friends, S. E 1044 
 
 Frost, Elias 1112 
 
 Frost, Samuel 1112 
 
 Frost, Samuel S 1113 
 
 Fulkerson, Benjamin J., M. D 201, 951 
 
 Fuller, Dr. Ephraim 193 
 
 Furman, Benjamin 736 
 
 Furman, Mrs. Julia A 300 
 
 Furman, Martin W 961 
 
 Furman, Wilkinson 736 
 
 Furmantown 58 
 
 G 
 
 Gaines Coal Basin 119 
 
 Gaines Coal and Coke Company 478 
 
 Gaines Township.— Organization, 475; 
 Area and Boundaries, 475; Origin of 
 Name, 475; Physical Characteristics, 
 475; Streams, 475; Population, 476; 
 Early Settlers, 476; Past and Present 
 Enterprises, 477; The Gaines Coal and 
 Coke Company, 478; Early Schools, 
 479; Physicians, 479; Justices, 479; 
 The First Methodist Church of Gaines, 
 479; The Methodist Episcopal Chvirch 
 of Marshfield, 480; The First Free 
 Baptist Church of Gaines, 480; The 
 Old Phoenix Graveyard, 480; The 
 Brookside Cemetery Association, 480; 
 The Elk Eun Cemetery Association, 
 480; Societies, 480; The Village of 
 Gaines, 481; Marshfield, 481; Watrous, 
 483; Manhattan, 483; Gurnee, 483. 
 
 Gaines, village of 481 
 
 Gardner, David 693 
 
 Gardner, Levi A 693 
 
 Garfield, Dr. L. K ] I97 
 
 Garner, Delos 948 
 
 Garner, Jeremiah 948 
 
 Gamer, Lucius E 949 
 
 Garrison, William IO42 
 
 Garrison, William H IO43 
 
 Garretson, William I53 
 
 Gaskill, Dr. Sullivan A 203 
 
 Gazette, The Wellsboro 324 
 
 Gear, John T 178 
 
 Gee, George Henry 216 
 
 Gee, Joseph 808 
 
 Gee, Leander 8O9 
 
 Page. 
 
 Gee. William 808 
 
 Gentry, Dr. Clarence C 203 
 
 Gentry, Dr. John M 303, 760 
 
 Geological Features 18 
 
 Geological Survey, first 123 
 
 Gerould, Ephraim B 1112 
 
 Gerould, Otis Gibson 1113 
 
 Gerow, Denton 779 
 
 Gerow, DeWitt C 779 
 
 Gibson, Hon. John Bannister 145 
 
 Gibson, Dr. Otis L 193 
 
 Gilbert, Frank L 878 
 
 Gilbert, George 878 
 
 Gilbert, Hiram 878 
 
 Gisjn, John 701 
 
 Glass, manufacture of 116 
 
 Glass Sand 116 
 
 Glass Works 116 
 
 Gleason, Abner 853 
 
 Gleason, Eugene H 843 
 
 Gleason, Ezra 854 
 
 Gleason, Paul 853 
 
 Gleason, Mancir 854 
 
 Gleason, Windsor 843 
 
 Gleason Postoffice 654 
 
 Gleckler, Ernest W 184 
 
 Goodreau, Charles 756 
 
 Goodspeed, John, Sr 871 
 
 Goodspeed, John, Jr 871 
 
 Goodspeed, James C 873 
 
 Goodspeed, John F 873 
 
 Goodwin, Calvin 780 
 
 Goodwin, Calvin A 781 
 
 Goodwin, Charles 781 
 
 Goodwin, George H 781 
 
 Goodwin, Milo 781 
 
 Goodwin, Eichard 780 
 
 Goodyear Line 108 
 
 Gordon, John 533 
 
 Gorrie, David, sketch of 739 
 
 Gorrie, David, portrait of 753 
 
 Graves, Frederick W 689 
 
 Graves, Frederick L 1012 
 
 Graves, Harry T 1048 
 
 Graves, Thomas 1012 
 
 Gray, James, Sr 209, 1084 
 
 Gray, James 1085 
 
 Gray, Lafayette 1 085 
 
 Gray, Wilton D 1085 
 
 Gray's Valley PostoiEce 566 
 
 Great Slave Hunt 87 
 
 Green, Charles S 1154 
 
 Green, John 1153 
 
 Greenfield, Dr. Arthur M 203 
 
 Greenleaf, Israel 211, 267 
 
 Griffin, Douglas H 184 
 
 Griffin, Silas Alvin 952 
 
 Griflin, Silas S 952 
 
 Griffiths, Willard C 852 
 
 Gross, Hiram A 757 
 
 Gross, Simon 756 
 
 Gross, William D 757 
 
 Gross, William S 756 
 
 Guernsey, Hon. John W 156 
 
 Guile, Joseph 1035 
 
 Guile, Leonard J 1036 
 
 Gurnee Postoffice 483 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1171 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hadley, James C 1138 
 
 Hakes, S. P., M. D 202, 1010 
 
 Haley, Dr. Edward M 302 
 
 Hall, Lyman 838 
 
 Hall, Rhodes W 827 
 
 Hamilton, James C 982 
 
 Hamilton Township. — Organization,625 ; 
 Physical Features, 625; Mineral De- 
 posits, 625; Streams, 625; Railroads, 
 625; Population, 635; Justices of the 
 Peace, 625 ; Morris Run Mines and Rail- 
 road, 636; Coal Mining Companies, 626; 
 The Tioga and Morris Run Telegraph 
 Company, 627; The Village of Morris 
 Run, 627. 
 
 Hammond, Arthur G 805 
 
 Hammond, Calvin 804 
 
 Hammond, Frank 805 
 
 Hammond, Eugene 697 
 
 Hammond, Noah 696 
 
 Hammond, William A 697 
 
 Hammond, village of 378 
 
 Hancock, James Warren 915 
 
 Hancock, Lyman 915 
 
 Hardt, Anton, sketch of 684 
 
 Hardt, Anton, portrait of 305 
 
 Hardy, Levi '. 744 
 
 Harkness, Dr. Henry C 203 
 
 Harman, Isaac 698 
 
 Harman, John 698 
 
 Harman, Joseph H 698 
 
 Harris Benjamin A 1105 
 
 Harrison, JefEerson 169 
 
 Harrison, Leonard 677 
 
 Harrison, William 676 
 
 narrower, D. C 182 
 
 Hart, Adam 207, 530 
 
 Hart, George 207, 530 
 
 Hartford Postoffice 649 
 
 Hartman, Samuel 1149 
 
 Hartsock, Daniel 1145 
 
 Hartsock, Richard H 1145 
 
 Ha,rvey, Alexander 1148 
 
 Harvey, John C 1149 
 
 Haskin, Dr. Herbert P 303 
 
 Hastings, Lewis P 754 
 
 Hazard, E. W 185 
 
 Hazen, Alfred B 1047 
 
 Hazlett, Dr. Charles W 203 
 
 Hazlett, Frank R 861 
 
 Hazlett, John, Sr 861 
 
 Hazlett, John 861 
 
 Heath, Cyrus 745 
 
 Heath, Prank P 745 
 
 Heath, Levi P 745 
 
 Hebe, George 316 
 
 Heggie, Dr. Adelbert J 199 
 
 Henry, John E 1140 
 
 Herald, The Lawrenceville 537 
 
 Herald, The Tioga County 319 
 
 Hermaic Journal, The 325 
 
 Herrick, Hon. Edward 145 
 
 Harrington, Charles 758 
 
 Herrington, Reuben 758 
 
 Hetfield, Richard 1017 
 
 Hetfield, Thomas G 1017 
 
 Heyler, Charles F 1153 
 
 Heyler, Frederick. 1146 
 
 Heyler, John ' 1146 
 
 Hickey, Michael a 1014 
 
 Higgins, Newell F 185 
 
 Hildreth, George, the old-time printer. . 319 
 
 Hill, Asa 926 
 
 Hill, Erastus G 934 
 
 Hill, Kirk B 934 
 
 Hill's Creek Settlement 369 
 
 Hitchcock, Andrew B 887 
 
 Hoard, James 1069 
 
 Hoard, Joseph Seth 1070 
 
 Hodder, James 764 
 
 Holden, Charles A 1054 
 
 Holden, Daniel 1053 
 
 Holden, John A 1054 
 
 Holden, Isaac 1054 
 
 Holden, William 56, 537 
 
 Holiday, Andrew 207, 794 
 
 Holiday, Daniel, vSr 794 
 
 Holiday, Daniel. 795 
 
 Holiday, Haletus P 795 
 
 Holidaytown 376 
 
 Horacetown 542 
 
 Horrors of the Wilderness 63 
 
 Horse Thief, first conviction of a 85 
 
 Horton, Elisha S 933 
 
 Horton, Hector 739 
 
 Horton, John C 172 
 
 Horton, Thomas 739 
 
 Hospital, The Cottage State 634 
 
 Hotchkiss, Harris 209 
 
 Hotchkiss, Ira D 749 
 
 Houghton, Jeremiah 725 
 
 Houghton, Simeon 735 
 
 Houghton, Thomas 735 
 
 House, Carlos 823 
 
 House, Willie C 823 
 
 Howe, John C .- 1067 
 
 Howe, Morris D 736 
 
 Howe, William 726 
 
 Howland, Charles 1115 
 
 Howland, Charles R 869 
 
 Howland, Dr. Eddy 191, 869 
 
 Howland, Eddy 869 
 
 Howland, John Melvin 905 
 
 Howland, Willard 881 
 
 Howland, William 904 
 
 Hoyt, Prof. Isaac Gunn 862 
 
 Hoytville, village of 492 
 
 Hubbard, Winfleld Scott 942 
 
 Hughes, Frederick 1013 
 
 Hughes, George A 1013 
 
 Hughes, Jeptha 1013 
 
 Hughes, Dr. Richard B 193 
 
 Hulslander, C. B 1094 
 
 Hulslander, Jacob 212, 1094 
 
 Hulslander, Peter 1094 
 
 Humphrey, Dr. Abel 195 
 
 Humphrey, Dr. William T 198 
 
 Humphrey, Dr. Wilmot G 201 
 
 Hunt, Barton ggg 
 
 Hunt, Daniel 213, 928 
 
 Hunt, Dr. D. N 197 
 
 Hunt, George W 213, 944 
 
1172 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hunt, Richard 944 
 
 Hurd, D. W 1018 
 
 Hurd, George M 1046 
 
 Hurlbut, George Lyman 1037 
 
 Hurlbut, Lyman 1037 
 
 Hurlbut, William N 913 
 
 Hurlbut, Charles H 968 
 
 Husted, Joseph 1073 
 
 Husted, Wilmot D 1073 
 
 Huston, Dr. Thomas T 194 
 
 I 
 
 Idea, The Westfield 445 
 
 Index, The Westfield 445 
 
 Indian Characteristics and Peculiarities 37 
 
 Indian Paths 30 
 
 Indian Eelics 33 
 
 Indian Villages 30, 33 
 
 Industrial Development 109 
 
 Ingerick, Elmer 771 
 
 Ingerick, Jacob 771 
 
 Ingham, Joseph S., sketch of 895 
 
 Ingham, Joseph S., portrait of 897 
 
 Ingham, J. S. & Sons, woolen mill 416 
 
 Ingram, Dr. Nelson 199 
 
 Inscho, Hiram, sketch of 890 
 
 Inscho, Hiram, portrait of 961 
 
 Inscho, John 994 
 
 Inscho, John L 995 
 
 Inscho, Micajah Seelye 890 
 
 Inscho, Moses 890 
 
 Inscho, Obadiah 994 
 
 Inscho, Eiehard J. 995 
 
 Intelligencer, The Covington 601 
 
 Intelligencer, The Kiverside 601 
 
 Internal Improvements 93 
 
 Intrusion Law, arrests under 80, 83 
 
 Iron Foundries and Smelting Works 115 
 
 Iron 0re Deposits 133 
 
 Irvin, Benjamin 1152 
 
 Irvin, John 1152 
 
 Ives Family 506 
 
 J 
 
 Jackson Center 550 
 
 Jackson, Ebenezer 267 
 
 Jackson, Henry C 897 
 
 Jackson, Jerry 820 
 
 Jackson, J. W 1135 
 
 Jackson, Lemuel 819 
 
 Jackson, Mary Emily, the poetess 252 
 
 Jackson, Mordecai M 661 
 
 Jackson, Mrs. Moi-decai M 369 
 
 Jackson, William A 897 
 
 Jackson Summit Postoffice 550 
 
 Jackson Township. — Organization, 543; 
 Boundaries and Area, 543; Surface and 
 Drainage, 543; Elevation, 543; Popu- 
 lation, 548; Pioneer Settlement, 543; 
 Early Milling Enterprises, 544; Schools, 
 545; Physicians, Lawyers and Justices, 
 546; The First Jackson Baptist Church, 
 546; The West Jackson Baptist Church, 
 547; Jackson Summit Baptist Church, 
 547; The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 Page, 
 of Millerton, 547: the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church of Daggett's Mills, 548; 
 The Methodist Church of Jackson 
 Center, 548; Cemeteries, 548; Societies, 
 548; Daggetts, 549; Millerton, 549; 
 Millerton Advocate, 549; Job's Cor- 
 ners, 550; Mitchell's Mills, 550; Maple 
 Ridge, 550; Jackson Center, 550; 
 Trowbridge, 550; Jackson Summit, 
 550. 
 
 Jails 134, 135 
 
 James, Kev. James A 1102 
 
 James, John 125 
 
 Jaquish, Charles 1115 
 
 Jaquish, E. W 1082 
 
 Jaquish, John 1114 
 
 Jaquish, Joseph 1115 
 
 Jaquish, Welcome 1081 
 
 Jay, David 208 
 
 Jennings, Charles M 772 
 
 Jennings, John C 772 
 
 Job's Corners, village of 550 
 
 John O' the Smithy — poem 256 
 
 Johns, Hiram 1106 
 
 Johns, Thomas W 1106 
 
 Johnson, Joel 883 
 
 Johnson, Laverne J 884 
 
 Johnson, Dr. L. M 199, 705 
 
 Johnson, Luther 1124 
 
 Johnson, Dr. Luther W 198, 1124 
 
 Jones, Dr. Richard 1 195 
 
 Journal, The Elkland 392 
 
 Judges, Additional Law 138 
 
 Judges, Associate 139 
 
 Judges, President 138 
 
 Jury Commissioners 144 
 
 K 
 
 Eeeney, Arthur M 783 
 
 Keeney, Burton L 783 
 
 Keeney, George Daniel 783 
 
 Keeney, Henry S 783 
 
 Keeney, Israel P 782 
 
 Keeney, Jesse 782 
 
 Keeney, Thomas 782 
 
 Keeney ville, village of 378 
 
 Kehler, William M 184 
 
 Kelly, Michael 1136 
 
 Kelts, John 1052 
 
 Kelts, Sobrine 1052 
 
 Kelsey, Daniel 661 
 
 Kelsey, Robert 662 
 
 Kendall, Walter C, sketch of 939 
 
 Kendall, Walter C, portrait of 929 
 
 Kennedy, Avery 755 
 
 Kennedy, Samuel W 756 
 
 Kennedy Postolfice 359 
 
 Kentch, John G 1016 
 
 Kentch, Morris S 1016 
 
 Kibbe, Alonzo, M. D 202, 889 
 
 Kidd, John 71 
 
 Kilboum, Henry, M. D 197, 1123 
 
 Kilbourn, Henry, Jr., M. D 199 
 
 Kilbourn, Kenyon 1123 
 
 Kilburn, Ira 531 
 
 Kilbum, Jonas G., sketch of 945 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1173 
 
 Page. 
 
 Kilburn, Jonas G., portrait of 945 
 
 Kilburn, Peter 944 
 
 Kilburn, Dr. Ralph 191 
 
 Kiley, Dr. Prank L 303 
 
 Kiley, John 1118 
 
 Kiley, Samuel H 1118 
 
 Kimball, Alvin C 921 
 
 Kimball, Charles-N 184 
 
 Kimball, Clark 931 
 
 Kimball, Ernest Harlan 933 
 
 Kimball, James 372 
 
 Kimball, Orville S 921 
 
 Kimball, William 1011 
 
 Kimble, Dr. Z. Ellis 303 
 
 King-, James, Sr 902 
 
 King, James 903 
 
 King, Lorenzo K 904 
 
 King-, Ozial H 904 
 
 King, Prince 903 
 
 King, RhadetsRa 903 
 
 King, Samuel P 214 
 
 King, Willard ; 904 
 
 Kingsbury, E. L 1159 
 
 Kingsley, Charles SuUings 1068 
 
 Kirkendall, Henry P : 1038 
 
 Kirkendall, Samuel E 165 
 
 Kirkland, Erancis G 1030 
 
 Kirkland, Henry 1030 
 
 Kizer, William 916 
 
 Kizer, William Morgan 916 
 
 Kline, Peter 1159 
 
 Klock, Adam A 715 
 
 Klock, Jeremiah 716 
 
 Klock, Milan L 716 
 
 Knapp, Dr. Jerome B 198 
 
 Knapp, Judge John H 122 
 
 Knapp, Thomas 1033 
 
 Knapp, Thomas C 1033 
 
 Knapp PostofBce 359 
 
 Knipple, John A., M. D 1102 
 
 Knowlton, Benjamin E 977 
 
 Knowlton, Hanover Pitts 1114 
 
 Knowlton, Timothy 1113 
 
 Knox, Archibald D 868 
 
 Knox, Edward L 868 
 
 Knox, George H 868 
 
 Knox, James 414, 867 
 
 Knox, Hon. John C 157 
 
 Knox, William 867 
 
 Knoxvili-ejBokough. — Organization,421; 
 Origin of Name, 421; Streams, 421; Area 
 and Elevation, 421; Billings Park, 421; 
 Population, 431; Early Settlers, 421; 
 Manufacturing Enterprises, 433; Daniel 
 Cummings' Pulling Mill, 433; Silas Bill- 
 ings' Enterprises, 433; The Knoxville 
 Foundry, 423; The Knoxville Sash and 
 Blind Factory and Planing Mill, 434; 
 Chester Wells Furniture Factory, 434; 
 D. L. Freeborn's Foundry and Machine 
 Shop, 434; Mercantile Enterprises, 434; 
 Inns and Hotels, 434; Schools, 435; Bor- 
 ough Organization and Officials, 425; 
 Postmasters, 436; Physicians and Law- 
 yers, 436; Newspapers, 437; Quaker 
 Society, 427; The First Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, 427; The Knoxville Free 
 
 Page. 
 Church Association, 428; The Christian 
 Church of Knoxville, 428; The First 
 Evangelical Congregational Church of 
 Knoxville, 428; The Baptist Church of 
 Knoxville, 438; The First Presbyterian 
 Association of Knoxville, 429; The Old 
 Quaker Burying Ground, 439 ; The Free 
 Church Cemetery, 429; The Riverside 
 Cemetery Association, 429; Societies, 
 439. 
 
 Krause, Dr. F. W 195 
 
 Kress, William Clymer, sketch of 697 
 
 Kress, William Clymer, portrait of ... . 697 
 
 Kreisler, Augustus P 751 
 
 Kreisler, Charles 751 
 
 Kreisler, Elias E 751 
 
 Kunkel, Asaph T., M. D 202, 924 
 
 Labar, James 905 
 
 Labar, Melkier 905 
 
 Labor Strikes and Troubles 138 
 
 Ladd, William Nathan 968 
 
 Lagerbom, John 765 
 
 Lamb, Gad 212, 568 
 
 Lamb's Creek, village of 573 
 
 Land Company, trouble, in the 60 
 
 Land Troubles, early 533 
 
 Landrus, Henry Jackson, sketch of.... 683 
 
 Landrus, Henry Jackson, portrait of 325 
 
 Landrus, village^ of 610 
 
 Lane, Stephen. ." 943 
 
 Lane, William G 944 
 
 Lansing Postoilice 468 
 
 Lathy, Dr. William Kent 190 
 
 Lattimer, George 934 
 
 Lattimer, James 934 
 
 Lawbence Township and Lawhenoe- 
 viLLE. — Township Organization, 520 ; 
 Boundaries and Area,521; Drainage and 
 Physical Characteristics, 521; Early 
 Land Troubles, 533; Hon. Samuel 
 Baker, the First White Settler, 534; 
 Other Early Settlers,536 ; The William- 
 son Road, 537; The Borough of Law- 
 reneeville, 534; Manufacturing and 
 Business Enterprises, 535; Physicians 
 and Lawyers, 536; Newspapers, 537; 
 Schools, 537; The Lawrenceville Acad- 
 emy, 538; Pioneer Religious Services, 
 538; The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Lawrenceville, 538; The First Pres- 
 byterian Church of Lawrenceville, 
 539; St. John's Protestant Episcopal 
 Church,540; The Christian Church,540; 
 Sabbath-Schools, 540; Cemeteries, 541; 
 Justices and Burgesses, 541; Lawrence- 
 ville Lodge, No. 913, L O. O. F., 543; 
 Lawrenceville Encampment, No. 98, I. 
 O. 0. F., 542; Capt. Phil. Holland Post, 
 No. 357, G. A. R., 543; Horacetown, 
 542. 
 Lawrenceville and Wellsboro Railroad 
 
 Company 106 
 
 Lawton, Edgar 744 
 
 Lawton, Gilderoy H 743 
 
1174 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Lawton, Eussell 743 
 
 Lawton, Warren 743 
 
 Lay, James 1100 
 
 Lay, Orrin E ; . 1100 
 
 Leach, Aaron L. S 929 
 
 Leach, Harvey, M. D 180, 195 
 
 Leach, Harvey B 180 
 
 Leach, James V 174 
 
 Leach, Eoss V 939 
 
 Leader, The Tioga County 326 
 
 Learn, Dana 938 
 
 Leather Company, The United States. . 115 
 
 Leather Company, The Wellsboro 358 
 
 Lee, Daniel ; . 208 
 
 Lee, Daniel H 892 
 
 Lee, Moses 892 
 
 Leete, Clark 789 
 
 Leete, Thomas 789 
 
 Leetonia, village of 485 
 
 Leisenring, William H 1151 
 
 Lent, Dr. Willard G 203 
 
 Leonard, Peter D 906 
 
 Leonard, Stephen A ?06 
 
 Leonard, Timothy 905 
 
 Levris, Hon. Ellis 153 
 
 Levyis, Eankin 317 
 
 Liberty BoBOtrGH. — First White Men, 
 640; The Block House, 640; Anthony or 
 Anthonyson, 640; Early and Later 
 Taverns and Hotels, 647; First Post 
 Eoute, 647; A Youthful Mail Carrier, 
 647; Postmasters, 647; Some Old-Time 
 Letters, 647; Early Merchants, 648; 
 Borough Organization and Officials, 
 648. 
 Liberty Township. — Organization, 639; 
 Physical Characteristics, 639; Minerals 
 and Timber, 639; Drainage, 639; Popu- 
 lation, 639; Pioneer Settlement, 640; 
 The District Line, 640; The William- 
 son Eoad, 640; The Block House, 640; 
 Anthony or Anthonj'son, 640; Other 
 Early Settlers, 641; Mills and Other 
 Enterprises, 642; Physicians, 643; Jus- 
 tices, 643; Schools, 644; Frieden's Evan- , 
 gelical Lvitheran Church, 644; Salem 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church, 644; The 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church at Nau- 
 voo, 644; The Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church at Sebrings, 644; The Evangeli- 
 cal Church at Liberty, 644; The Evan- 
 gelical Church of Nauvoo, 645; The 
 Evangelical Church of East Point, 645; 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Liberty, 645; The Methodist Episcopal 
 Church at Nauvoo, 646; The Universal- 
 ist Church, 646; The United Evangeli- 
 cal Church of Liberty, 646; The Eben- 
 ezer United Evangelical Church of 
 East Point, 646; Union Churches, 
 646; Cemeteries, 646; Societies, 646; 
 Nauvoo, 648; Sebrings, 648; Shoptown, 
 649; East Point, 649; Hartford, 649. 
 
 Literature of Tioga 249 
 
 Little, John ' 931 
 
 Little Mar.sh, village of 462 
 
 Lloyd Postoffice 492 
 
 Lock, James 663 
 
 Lock, Miss Lydia 292 
 
 Page. 
 
 Locke, Jesse, Sr 695 
 
 Locke, Jesse 695 
 
 Lockwood, Dennison A 770 
 
 Logan, Dr. Charles S 202 
 
 Logan, William E 1128 
 
 Longwell, Dr. John P 203 
 
 Loop, Dr. Albert M., M. D 195 
 
 Lorenton Postoffice 493 
 
 Losey, Jesse 209, 505 
 
 Losses in the War 248 
 
 Loudenslager, Samuel 1153 
 
 Loveless, C. 1015 
 
 Loveless, C. W 1015 
 
 Lovi^ell Orlando B 1002 
 
 Lowell, William 1001 
 
 Lownsbery, Deacon Isaac 310 
 
 Lowrey, Hon. James 154 
 
 Lucas, James 1101 
 
 Lucas, L. B 1103 
 
 Lucy, Daniel N 1049 
 
 Ludlam, Samuel 898 
 
 Lugg, Anthony W 887 
 
 Lugg, Charles 886 
 
 Lumber Business, risks and charms of.. 114 
 
 Lumber Eafts in 1804 .., Ill 
 
 Lycoming County, area in 1795 36 
 
 Lycoming County Organized 39 
 
 Lycoming Creek 25 
 
 Lycoming Township, formation of 39 
 
 Lycoming township, original boundaries 
 
 of 39 
 
 Lyell, Sir Charles, visit of 126 
 
 Lyman, Dr. Harvey 193 
 
 Lyon, Abram 794 
 
 Lyon, Joseph E 793 
 
 M 
 
 Mabie, Capt. Levi 213 
 
 Macfarlane, James, description of coal 
 
 seams, 136 
 
 Magee, Hon. John '. 633 
 
 Magee, Hon. John, monument of 348 
 
 Magill, James P : 323 
 
 Magisterial Districts Established 86 
 
 Maine, George D., M. D., sketches of .198, 1091 
 
 Maine, George D., M. D., portrait of 561 
 
 Maine, John 1091 
 
 Mainesbttrg BoKOtTGH. — Location, 565; 
 Origin of Name, 565; Postmasters, 
 565; Burgesses, 565; Justices, 566. 
 
 Malone Postoffice 485 
 
 Manchester Mills 113 
 
 Maneval, Benjamin 1147 
 
 Maneval, David 1147 
 
 Maneval, Peter 1147 
 
 Maneval, William H 1148 
 
 Manhattan, village of 482 
 
 Manly, Eev. M. J 703 
 
 Mann, John H 1044 
 
 Mann, Eeuben 1044 
 
 Mansfield Borough. — Location and 
 Area, 575; Drainage and Altitude, 575; 
 Population, 575; Early Settlers and En- 
 terprises, 575; Borough Organization 
 and Officials, 578; Fire Department, 
 578; The Mansfield Hook and Ladder 
 Company, No. 1, 578; A. M. Pitts Hose 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1175 
 
 Page. 
 Company, No. 2, 579; Allen Hose Com- 
 pany, No. 3, 579; Postmasters, Physi- 
 cians and Lawyers, 579; Hotels, 580; 
 Public Schools, 580; Mansfield Classical 
 Seminary, 580; The Mansfield State 
 Normal School, 582; The Alumni As- 
 sociation of the State Normal School 
 of Mansfield, 584; Soldiers' Orphan 
 Home, 584; The Mansfield Business 
 College, 585; The Allen Business Col- 
 lege, 585; The Mansfield Tannery, 
 585; The Sun Milling Company, 585; 
 The Tioga Iron Works, 585; Bailey's 
 Steam Saw-mill, 585; Edward Doane & 
 Company, 585; Mart King's Furniture 
 Factory, 586; The Banking House of 
 Eoss & Williams, 586; Smythe Park, 
 586; The New Era Mills, 586; The Ross 
 Cigar Company, 586; The MansfielH 
 Opera House Company (Limited), 586; 
 The Mansfield Foundry and Machine 
 Shops, 586; The Paisley Woolen Com- 
 pany, 587; The Mansfield Board of 
 Trade, 587; The Mansfield Wood Nov- 
 elty Works, 587; The Mansfield Build- 
 ing and Loan Association, 587; The 
 Mansfield Water Company, 587; The 
 Mansfield Chair Company, 587; The 
 Balance, 587; The Mansfield Express, 
 587; The Valley Enterprise, 587; The 
 Mansfield Advertiser, 588; The First 
 Presbyterian Church of Kichmand,588; 
 The First Baptist Church of Mansfield, 
 588; The First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Mansfield, 589; St. James' 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, 589; 
 The Presbyterian Church of Mansfield, 
 590; The Universalist Church, 590; 
 Roman Catholic Sunday-School, 591; 
 Hope Cemetery, 591; Oakwood Ceme- 
 tery Company, 591; Friendship Lodge, 
 No. 247, F. & A. M., 591; Mansfield 
 Lodge, No. 526, I. O. O. F., 591; General 
 Mansfield Post, No. 48, G. A. R., 592; 
 General Mansfield Corps, No. 6, W. R. 
 C, 592; The Mansfield Club, 592; Tioga 
 Valley Grange, No. 918, P. of H., 592; 
 Other Societies, 592. 
 
 Mansfield Classical Seminary 580 
 
 Mansfield State Normal School 582 
 
 Manwaring, George 927 
 
 Map of Tioga County 16 
 
 Maple Eidge Postojffice 550 
 
 Mardin Postofiice 574 
 
 Markham, Albert 882 
 
 Markham, Charles D 940 
 
 Markham, William 882 
 
 Marsh, The Big 351 
 
 Marsh Creek 26 
 
 Marsh Creek Postoffice 474 
 
 Marsh, H. F 184 
 
 Marshfield Postofiice 481 
 
 Martin, Charles H 938 
 
 Martin, Lawrence S 828 
 
 Martin, Stephen, Sr 828 
 
 Martin, Stephen 828 
 
 Mason, Williain G 983 
 
 Page. 
 
 Masten, Frank G., M. D 203 
 
 Masten, James, M. D., sketches of . . . .199, 911 
 
 Masten, James, M. D., portrait of 433 
 
 Mastin, Dr. Nathan W 201 
 
 Mather, John William 175 
 
 Mathers, Charles Coolidge 688 
 
 Mathers, John, Sr 687 
 
 Mathers, John 687 
 
 Mathers, William T 688 
 
 Matson, Edwin, Sr., sketch of 732 
 
 Matson, Edwin, Sr., portrait of 481 
 
 Matson, Edwin, Jr 733 
 
 Matson, James H 182, 733 
 
 Matthews, Henry, "Indian Doctor" 302 
 
 Mattison, Alexander 962 
 
 Mattison, Silas B 962 
 
 Maynard, Cheney C 986 
 
 Maynard, John 970 
 
 Maynard, Hon. John Wesley 155 
 
 Maynard, Eeuben G 971 
 
 McAllister, David C 994 
 
 McAllister, Ira 993 
 
 McAllister, R. P. H 994 
 
 McAvoy, John 1039 
 
 McCallum, John 1040 
 
 McCallum, Joseph 1(510 
 
 McCallum, William H 1041 
 
 MeCann, Robert P 846 
 
 MoCloskey, Dr. J. B 202 
 
 McClure, Robert 84 
 
 McEntee, Edgar A 1138 
 
 McLean, Alexander A 800 
 
 McLean, John A 800 
 
 McMahon, Michael 1151 
 
 McNaughton, Daniel, M. D./ 197, 909 
 
 McNaughton, Niles Wesley 909 
 
 McNeil, John T 185 
 
 McNinch, Matthew Eugene 940 
 
 Mead, John N 926 
 
 Mead, William B 926 
 
 Medical Profession, The 189 
 
 Medical Society of Tioga County 205 
 
 Members of Constitutional Conventions. 138 
 "Memories of the War," extracts from.. 217 
 
 Mengee, Henry 969 
 
 Mengee, Herman T 970 
 
 Mercantile Appraisers 144 
 
 Merrick, Bradford W 896 
 
 Merrick, Major George W 172, 237 
 
 Merrick, Israel, Jr 659 
 
 Merrick, Israel, Sr 660 
 
 Merrick, Jacob B 1126 
 
 Merrick, Hon. Walter T 181 
 
 Merrick, William L 896 
 
 Metcalf , Charles 898 
 
 Metcalf , Charles H 930 
 
 Metcalf, Daniel P 898 
 
 Metcalf, James H 930 
 
 Methodist Churches. — Wellsboro. 306; 
 Delmar, 356-57; Charleston, 365-66; 
 Middlebury, 374-75; Farmington, 381- 
 82; Elkland, 393; Osceola, 402; Nelson, 
 411; Knoxville, 427; Westfield town- 
 ship, 434-35; Westfield borough, 445- 
 46; Brookfield, 452-53; Chatham, 461; 
 Clymer, 466; Shippen, 472; Gaines, 
 479-80; Elk, 485; Morris, 489-90; Tioga 
 
1176 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 township, 502; Tioga boroug-h, 513; 
 Iiawrenoeville, 538; Jackson, 547-48; 
 Entland, 554; Mainesburg, 563; Sulli- 
 van, 563-64; Bichmond, 572; Mansfield, 
 589; Covington, 596, 602; Blossburg, 
 620; Morris Kun, 629; Ward, 632; Lib- 
 erty, 645-46; Union, 652. 
 
 Mexican War 216 
 
 Middaugh, Cornelius 213 
 
 Middaugh, Joseph 530 
 
 Middlebury Center, village of 377 
 
 MlDDLEBTTBT TOWNSHIP. — Organization, 
 369; Streams, 369; Elevations, 370; 
 Agxieultuxal Products, 370; Popula- 
 tion, 370; Early Settlers, 370; Early 
 and Later Enterprises, 371; The Niles 
 Valley Tannery, 372; The Keeneyville 
 Cheese Eactory, 372; Schools and Jus- 
 tices, 372; The Eirst Baptist Church 
 of Middlebury, 373; The Hammond 
 Kegular Baptist Church, 373; The Kee- 
 neyville Free Baptist Church, 374; 
 The Free Baptist Church of Holiday- 
 town, 374; The First Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church of Middlebury, 374; The 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Keeney- 
 ville, 374; The Eirst Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church of Niles Valley, 375; The 
 Holidaytown Cemetery Association, 
 375; The Middlebury Cemetery Asso- 
 ciation,375; The Niles Valley Cemetery 
 Association, 375; The Keeneyville Cem- 
 etery, 375; The Shingle School House 
 Cemetery, 375; The French HUl Ceme- 
 tery Association, 375; Societies, 376; 
 Holidaytown, or Crooked Creek Post- 
 office, 376; Niles Valley, 376; Middle- 
 bury Center, 377; Keeneyville, 378; 
 Hammond, 378. 
 
 Militia System, old-time 215 
 
 Militia Trainings 215 
 
 Miller, Charles A., sketch of 1144 
 
 Miller, Charles A., portrait of 649 
 
 Miller, Cephas C 1015 
 
 Miller C. F 1014 
 
 Miller, Charles L 1015 
 
 Miller, Garret 543, 1041 
 
 Miller, James 1041 
 
 Miller, J. H 1042 
 
 Miller, Jeremiah 1015 
 
 Miller, Merton R 1145 
 
 Miller, X 272 
 
 Millerton, village of 549 
 
 Mills, Daniel 773 
 
 Mills, Samuel 773 
 
 Miners and Laborers Benevolent Union. 128 
 
 Miners National Bank 623 
 
 Minor Streams 28 
 
 Miscellaneous Commands 243 
 
 Mitchell, Albert 588 
 
 Mitchell, Edsell 212, 784 
 
 Mitchell, Henry J 751 
 
 Mitchell, John 988 
 
 Mitchell, Hon. John Inscho, sketch of. . 150 
 Mitchell, Hon. John Inscho, portrait of . . 153 
 
 Mitchell, Joseph 750 
 
 Mitchell, Richard 987 
 
 Page. 
 
 Mitchell, Robert 988 
 
 Mitchell, Ross A 988 
 
 Mitchell, Thomas E 784 
 
 Mitchell, Thomas K 987 
 
 Mitchell, Walter B 785 
 
 Mitchell, William A 784 
 
 Mitchell's Creek Postoffice 503 
 
 Mitchell's Mills 550 
 
 Mixtown 467 
 
 Monitor, The Weekly 601 
 
 Monroe, Bateman 1098 
 
 Monroe, A. J 158 
 
 Monument of Hon. John Magee 348 
 
 Monument, Soldiers' 248 
 
 Moody, Benjamin, M. D 200, 1071 
 
 Moody, John A 1071 
 
 Moody, Moses 1071 
 
 Moody, Nathaniel Peaseley 208, 1071 
 
 Moore, Sylvanus 754 
 
 Moore, William S 755 
 
 Morgan, Dennis 1089 
 
 Morgan, Jonathan V 709 
 
 Morgan, Samuel, Sr 709 
 
 Morrill, Lott W 1043 
 
 Morrill, Stephen, Sr 209, 1043 
 
 Morrill, Stephen, Jr 214, 1043 
 
 Morris, Benjamin C, M. D 195 
 
 Morris, Benjamin Wistar 260, 655 
 
 Morris, Mrs. Mary Wells 73 
 
 Morris, Samuel Wells, sketches of ..266, 655 
 
 Morris, Samuel Wells, portrait of 16 
 
 Morris, Mrs. Samuel Wells 269 )i 
 
 Morris, Dr. Joseph P., sketches of .195, 1061 
 
 Morris, Dr. Joseph P., portrait of 577 
 
 Morris' Great Trust 59 
 
 Morris' Mills 62 
 
 Morris' Offer 72 
 
 Morris Run Coal Mining Company 627 
 
 Morris Run Railroad 105 
 
 Morris State Road 100 
 
 MoHHis Run. — ^Early Settlement, 627; 
 Rapid Growth, 628; Postmasters, 628; 
 Physicians, 628; Hotel, 628; Schools, 
 628; The Presbyterian Church of Mor- 
 ris Run, 628; The Welsh Baptist 
 Church, 628; The Primitive Methodist 
 Church, 629; The First Welsh Congre- 
 gation of Morris Run, 629; St. Mary's 
 Roman Catholic Church, 629; St. Jo- 
 seph's Roman Catholic Church (Po- 
 lish), 629; The Swedish Lutheran 
 Church, 629; The Morris Run Baptist 
 Church, 629; Societies, 629. 
 Morris Township. — Organization, 486; 
 Area and Boundaries, 486; Physical 
 Features, 486; Streams, 486; Railroads, 
 487; Population, 487; Pioneer Settle- 
 ment, 487; Mills and Other Enterprises, 
 488; Schools, 489; Physicians, 489; Jus- 
 tices, 489; The Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Blackwells, 489; Hoytville 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, 490; The 
 Mt. Pleasant Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 490; Dixe's Run Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, 490; The Plank 
 School House Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 490; The First Baptist Church 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1177 
 
 Page. 
 
 of Morris, 490; The Church of the Sa- 
 cred Heart, Catholic, 491; Societies, 
 491; Morris, Village of, 491; Black- 
 wells, 493; Lloyd, 493; Hoytville, 492; 
 The Brunswick Tannery, 493; Loren- 
 ton, 493. 
 
 Morris, village of 491 
 
 Moulding Sand 116 
 
 Mountain Ranges 18 
 
 Mourey, Peter 314 
 
 Moyer, Lewis 1148 
 
 Murphey, Dr. John B 192 
 
 Murray, M. S 1130 
 
 Murry, Betty 663 
 
 Muriy, Uncle Eben 264, 663 
 
 Murry, Aunt Hetty 264, 662 
 
 N 
 
 Nails, high price of 134, 278 
 
 NauToo, village of 648 
 
 Navil, Orrin J 761 
 
 Navil, Samuel 761 
 
 Neal, E. J 936 
 
 Neal, John 215 
 
 Nelson Bokough. — Organization, 404; 
 Area and Boundaries, 404; Streams, 
 404; Physical Characteristics, 405; 
 Railroads, 405; Village of Nelson, 
 405; Nelson Station, 405; Population, 
 405; Early Settlers, 405; Reuben Cook, 
 Sr., 405; Dorman Bloss, 406; Beecher's 
 Island, 406; Manufacturing and Busi- 
 ness Enterprises, 407; The Nelson Sep- 
 arator and Butter Company, 408; Bor- 
 ough Organization and Officials, 409; 
 Physicians, 409; Schools, 409; The Sec- 
 ond Congregational Church of Elkland, 
 410; The First Presbyterian Church of 
 Beecher's Island, 410; The Centenary 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Nelson, 
 411; The Cemetery, 411; Societies, 411. 
 
 Nelson Station 405 
 
 Nelson, village of 405 
 
 "Nessmuk," the poet 355 
 
 Newelltown 654 
 
 Newman, Albert 894 
 
 Newman, Joseph 894 
 
 New York Regiments, men who enlisted 
 
 in 346 
 
 Nichols, Alfred 1 699 
 
 Nichols, Archibald 664 
 
 Nichols, Enos 665 
 
 Nichols Family 664 
 
 Nichols, Levi 1 665 
 
 Nichols, Mary E 292 
 
 Niles, Aaron 990 
 
 Niles, Aaron R 179 
 
 Niles, Col. Alanson E 678 
 
 Niles, Alfred J 183 
 
 Niles, Augustus 990 
 
 Niles, Augustus, M. D., sk^ches of . .201, 705 
 
 Niles, Augustus, M. D., portrait of 713 
 
 Niles, Augustus E 991 
 
 Niles, Erasmus W 788 
 
 Niles, Erastus, Sr 787 
 
 Niles, Erastus 788 
 
 Niles, Erastus M 788 
 
 Page. 
 
 Niles, James Homer 787 
 
 Niles, Hon. Jerome B., sketch of 166- 
 
 Niles, Hon. Jerome B., portrait of 177 
 
 Niles, Nathan, Sr 989 
 
 Niles, Nathan, Jr 989 
 
 Niles Valley, village of 376. 
 
 Nobles, Asahel 213 
 
 Nobles, Azel 209 
 
 Nobles, Daniel L 1012 
 
 Nobles, Darius W 943 
 
 Nobles, Ferdinand E 747 
 
 Nobles, Loron 746 
 
 Norris, John 62, 352, 656 
 
 Northern Central Railway 108 
 
 Novel Entertainment in the Wilderness. . 97 
 Nye, Dr. O. S 202 
 
 O 
 
 O'Connor, William 702 
 
 O'Donnell, William P 1131 
 
 Odle Comers Postoffiee 383 
 
 Ogdensburg, village of 654 
 
 Old Indictment 83 
 
 Old-Time Militia System 215 
 
 Old-Time Taverns and Landlords 37a 
 
 Old Quaker Meeting House 395 
 
 Olmstead, Clement P 758 
 
 Olmstead, Jacob R 753 
 
 Olmstead, James 753 
 
 Olmsville Postoffiee 359 
 
 One Hundred and First Regiment 230 
 
 One Hundred and Sixth Regiment 231 
 
 One Hundred and Eighth Regiment — 
 
 Eleventh Cavalry 231 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Regi- 
 ment 23a 
 
 One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment. 234 
 One Hundred and Seventy-first Regi- 
 ment — Drafted Militia 235 
 
 One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Regi- 
 ment 336 
 
 One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment. . 339 
 One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment. 339 
 
 Ormerod, John 177 
 
 Orr, Charles 760 
 
 Orr, Robert 758 
 
 Orr, Thomas 760 
 
 Orr, Thomas J • 758 
 
 Orton, Milton Pardee, M. D 195, 1028 
 
 Osceola Borough. — Organization as a 
 Township, 395; Organization as a Bor- 
 ough, 395; Village of Osceola, 395; 
 Elevation, 395; Streams, 395; Etymol- 
 ogy of the Word Cowanesque, 395; 
 Pindarville, 396; Population, 396; 
 Lands and Settlement, 396; Early and 
 Later Industries, 398; Inns and Hotels, 
 400; Schools, 400; Borough Organiza- 
 tion and Officials, 401; Physicians, 
 403; The First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Osceola, 402; The Osceola 
 Cemetery Association, 403; Holden 
 Brook Cemetery, 403; Fairvjew Ceme- 
 tery Association, 404; Secret Societies, 
 404. 
 
 Osgood, B. H 1083 
 
 Charles G 685. 
 
1178 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Other States, men who enlisted in 247 
 
 Ouderkirk, Charles 837 
 
 Ouderkirk, Linsf ord 827 
 
 Owlett, Edward Howland 182 
 
 Owlett, Gilbert B., Sr 803 
 
 Owletti Gilbert B 804 
 
 P 
 
 Packard, Albert P 768 
 
 Packer, Hon. Horace B 174 
 
 Packer, Dr. Nelson, sketch of 195 
 
 Packer, Dr. Nelson, portrait of 193 
 
 Pagan, Kudolph 697 
 
 Painter Eun PostofSce 504 
 
 Palmer, Chauncey King 792 
 
 Palmer, Eeuben Tower 792 
 
 Panther and Wolf Scalp Bounties 43 
 
 Parkhurst,. Dr. Curtis 192, 533 
 
 Parkhurst, Dr. Dexter 193 
 
 Parkhurst, Joel 835 
 
 Parsons, William H 917 
 
 Patehin, Andrew J 1038 
 
 Patchin, Vine D 1038 
 
 Patriotic Action of Wellsboro Council 
 
 in 1861 217 
 
 Patriotism of Mrs. William B. Clymer. . . 217 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry 119 
 
 Patterson Brothers — Eobert and Ben- 
 jamin 121, 209 
 
 Pattison, Charles L., sketch of 836 
 
 Pattison, Charles L., portrait of 385 
 
 Pattison, Orville 838 
 
 Pattison National Bank 387 
 
 Patton, William 152 
 
 Peake, Elijah, Sr 772 
 
 Peake, Elijah 772 
 
 T'eake, Franklin C 773 
 
 Peake, Seth E 773 
 
 Peck, Charles L 174 
 
 Peckham, George W 818 
 
 Penbryn, village" of 653 
 
 Pennsylvania Joint Land and Lumber 
 
 Company '. 113 
 
 Pershing, John 315 
 
 Peter's Camp 96, 121 
 
 Peters, James E 780 
 
 Petition of Early Settlers 40 
 
 Phelps, Julius A 825 
 
 Phelps, Dr. Thaddeus 195 
 
 Phelps, Warren 825 
 
 Phillips, Dr. H. A 200 
 
 Phillips, Selah 1140 
 
 Phoenix, The 318 
 
 Pierson, Lydia Jane, poetess 249 
 
 Pierson, Oliver 249 
 
 Pine Creek 35 
 
 Pine Creek Branch of Fall Brook Rail- 
 road 106 
 
 Pine Creek Land Company 58, 59, 61 
 
 Pioneer Mills on Pine Creek 112 
 
 Pioneer Mines and Mining 121 
 
 Pioneer Physicians 189 
 
 Pioneer, The Tioga 317, 511 
 
 Pipe Line PostoiRce 550 
 
 Pitts, Capt. Aaron Mudge, sketch of 1057 
 
 Pitts, Capt. Aaron Mudge, portrait of. . 585 
 Pitts, Apollos 1057 
 
 Page. 
 
 Pitts, Daniel H 1058 
 
 Pitts, John P 1058 
 
 Plank, Charles H 943 
 
 Plank, Harvey 914 
 
 Plank, Isaac 913 
 
 Plank, Lovel, Sr 943 
 
 Plank, Lovel 913 
 
 Plank, Spencer B 943 
 
 Plank, Welcome L 943 
 
 Playf oot, Edward J 745 
 
 Playfoot, James 744 
 
 Poems.— "Crags and Pines," 256; "John 
 O' the Smithy," 256; "The Long Fare- 
 well," 251; "The Parting," 253; "The 
 World Would be the Better for It," 
 254. 
 
 Poggendorf , Joseph 1017 
 
 Pomeroy, Mark M. ("Brick") 204 
 
 Pomona Grange 119 
 
 Porter, Allen T 1038 
 
 Porter, Seth John, M. D 193 
 
 Potter, B. M 180 
 
 Potter, Ezra 717 
 
 Potter George W 903 
 
 Potter, Henry H 214, 805 
 
 Potter, Hiram E 717 
 
 Potter, Jerome B 806 
 
 Potter, Louis Albert 818 
 
 Potter, Stephen 901 
 
 Potter Brook, village of 436 
 
 Power, Dr. Pliny 191 
 
 Power, Dr. Simeon, sketches of .191, 533, 1030 
 
 Power, Dr. Simeon, portrait of 49 
 
 Pratt, Arthur S 769 
 
 Pratt, Dr. Cyrus 195 
 
 Pratt, Edwin 769 
 
 Pratt, Robert H 769 
 
 Peesbttekian Churches. — Presbyterian 
 Church, Wellsboro, 299; Presbyterian 
 Congregation of Farmington, 381; 
 Presbyterian Church of Elkland and 
 Osceola, 392; First Presbyterian, Beech- 
 er's Island, 410; First Presbyterian As- 
 sociation, Knoxville, 429; "Pine Creek 
 Church," Ansonia, 473; Presbyterian 
 Church of Antrim, 497; Presbyterian 
 Church of Tioga, 515; First Presby- 
 terian, Lfiwrenceville, 539; First Pres- 
 byterian, of Richmond, 588; Presby- 
 terian Church of Mansfield, 590; First 
 Presbyterian, Covington, 603; First 
 Presbyterian, Amot, 608; First Presby- 
 terian, Blossburg, 620; Presbyterian 
 Church, Moriis, Run. 628; Presbyte- 
 rian Church of Fall Brook, 637. 
 
 President Judges 138 
 
 Preston, Charles M 833 
 
 Price, Charles R 893 
 
 Price, Jacob 893 
 
 Price, Samuel B 893 
 
 Pritchard, Lyman and Calvin 531 
 
 Pbotestant Episcopal Chubches. — St. 
 Paul's, Wellsboro, 297; St. John's, 
 Westfield borough, 446; Trinity, An- 
 trim, 496; St. Andrew's, Tioga bor- 
 ough, 514; St. John's, Lawrenceville, 
 540; St. James', Mansfield, 589; 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1179 
 
 Page. 
 Christ Church, Arnot, 609; Christ 
 Church, Blossburg, 618; St. Luke's, 
 Blossburg, 619; St. Thomas', Fall 
 Brook, 637. 
 
 Prothonotaries 140 
 
 Prutsman, Andrew M 993 
 
 Prutsman, Jacob 993 
 
 Prutsman, Nicholas, Sr 993 
 
 Public Buildings, iirst erected 133 
 
 Public Building's and Oiiicials 132 
 
 Public Officials, roster of 137 
 
 Pultney Estate 95 
 
 Purchase of 1758 35 
 
 Purchase and Treaty of 1768 34, 35 
 
 Purchase and Treaty of 1784 35 
 
 Purhen, John M 972 
 
 Purple, Norman H 185 
 
 Purvis, John T 816 
 
 Putnam, John H 183 
 
 Putnam, Jonas Galusha 1006 
 
 E 
 
 Races in the Wilderness 97 
 
 Eafts of Lumber in 1804 Ill 
 
 Eafting Reminiscence Ill 
 
 Eainf all, mean annual 28 
 
 Raish, George P 764 
 
 Raker, Dr. Jacob, Jr 195 
 
 Ramsdell, Henry J 326 
 
 Rathbone, Clarendon 152, 617 
 
 Rathbun, Henry 831 
 
 Eathbun, Job 832 
 
 Rathbun, Samuel 831 
 
 Real Estate Values, 1896 118 
 
 Eebellion, War of the 216 
 
 Eeber, George 866 
 
 Record Building 136 
 
 Eecord, The Covington 601 
 
 Records, extracts from 40, 43 
 
 Records Stolen 90 
 
 Redfield, Augustus l'?4 
 
 Redner, Willard 1017 
 
 Reep, Jacob 529 
 
 Rees, Thomas T 713 
 
 Reese, Charles A., M. D 200, 885 
 
 Registers and Recorders, 140 
 
 Eeinwald, Dr. Frederick 197 
 
 Relies of Catholic Altar Service 34 
 
 Reminiscences of Gen. Johp Burrows ... 63 
 
 Reminiscences of Josiah Emery 262 
 
 Representatives in Congress 137 
 
 Revolution, War of the 206 
 
 Revolutionary Soldiers 207 
 
 Rexford, David 965 
 
 Rexf ord, Delos D 965 
 
 Rexford, Job 936 
 
 Ttexford, Perry E 936 
 
 Reyman, William C 978 
 
 Reyman, William J 979 
 
 Reynolds, Levi B 878 
 
 Reynolds, Samuel 1083 
 
 Eeynolds, Thomas 1084 
 
 Rice, Alvin H 950 
 
 Rice, Austin D 950 
 
 Rich, Dr. William B. 197 
 
 Richards, Stephen F 1117 
 
 Page. 
 
 Richmond Township. — Organization, 567; 
 Area, 567; Elevations, 567; Popu- 
 lation, 567; Streams, 567; Mineral 
 Wealth, 567; Pioneer, Settlers, 568; 
 Pioneer Enterprises, 570; Schools and 
 Justices, 571; Early Religious Services, 
 572; The First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Lamb's Creek, 572; The 
 First Church of Christ of Canoe Camp, 
 572; Cemeteries, 573; Lamb's Creek 
 Village, 573; Canoe Camp Village, 573; 
 Mardin Postoffice, 574. 
 
 Eieppel, John 925 
 
 Rietter, George '. 946 
 
 Ripley, Major Ebenezer 210 
 
 Ripley, Capt, Homer J. 1050 
 
 Ripley, Rev. Nehemiah Hobart 1050 
 
 Ripley, Philip S 1050 
 
 Ripley, Volney 1051 
 
 Ritter, Dr. F. D 200 
 
 Eixf ord, Simon 208 
 
 Road, East and West State 102 
 
 Road, Morris State 100 
 
 Road, Williamson 95 
 
 Roads, early 93 
 
 Roads, plank 103 
 
 Roaring Branch, village of 654 
 
 Robb, James L., sketch of 716 
 
 Robb, James L., portrait of 769 
 
 Robb, John C, sketch of 820 
 
 Robb, John C, portrait of 377 
 
 Robbins, Dr. E. S. 198 
 
 Roberts, Dr. D. H 193 
 
 Roberts Family 506 
 
 Roberts, Giles 883 
 
 Roberts, Dr. Hiram B 193 
 
 Roberts, William, sketch of 686 
 
 Roberts, William, portrait of 289 
 
 Roberts, William H 686 
 
 Robertson, George A 737 
 
 Robertson, Thomas A 737 
 
 Robertson, William, Sr 737 
 
 Robertson, William 737 
 
 Robinson, Chester, sketch of 666 
 
 Robinson, Chester, portrait of 81 
 
 Robinson, Jesse Morse 669 
 
 Robinson, John L., sketch of 667 
 
 Robinson, John L., portrait of 97 
 
 Robinson, E. F., M. D 202, 1158 
 
 Roblyer, Dr. David S 197 
 
 Roblyer, Herbert, sketch of 741 
 
 Roblyer, Herbert, portrait of 801 
 
 Roblyer, Hiram L 741 
 
 Rockwell, Edward E 1034 
 
 Rockwell, Frank H 183 
 
 Rockwell, Laban L 1104 
 
 Rockwell, Norman 768 
 
 Rockwell, Samuel 1033 
 
 Rockwell, Silas S 768 
 
 Rockwell, Dr. T. N 202 
 
 Roe, Cornelius 785 
 
 Roe, James M 785 
 
 Roe, John 785 
 
 Roe, John O _ 786 
 
 Roe, Thomas E ' 786 
 
 Rohrbach, John 927 
 
 Roland, Henry W 177 
 
1180' 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Eose, Daniel 212, 1088 
 
 Rose, Elliott S., sketch of 1088 
 
 Bose, Elliott S., portrait of 545 
 
 Eose, Frank Hamilton, D. D. S 706 
 
 Eose, Dr. Joel 197, 706 
 
 Eose, Dr. Levi 195 
 
 Eose, Morgan E 1089 
 
 Eose, Russell 210, 1087 
 
 Eose, Warren D., sketch of 1089 
 
 Eose, Warren D., portrait of 609 
 
 Eose, William Pembrooke, sketch of 1088 
 
 Eose, William Pembrooke, portrait of.. 601 
 EosE"Vii,i.E BoBOUGH. — Origin of Name, 
 555; Early Taverns, 555; Eutland Post- 
 office, 555; Postmasters, 556; Mercan- 
 tile Enterprises, 556; Borough Organ- 
 ization and Officials, 556; Justices, 
 556; Secret Societies, 556; A Destruc- 
 tive Eire, 556. 
 
 Eoss, Andrew J 1064 
 
 Eoss, Charles S 1064 
 
 Eoss, Edward H 1064 
 
 Eoster of Public Officials 137 
 
 Round Top, village of 368 
 
 Eowley, Amos E 813 
 
 Eoy, Arthur M 708 
 
 Eoy, Dr. Eobert 204 
 
 Eude, George 816 
 
 Eugaber, Joseph Frederick 919 
 
 Euggles, Daniel W 967 
 
 Euggles, Homer 215 
 
 Eumsey, Aaron 1090 
 
 Eumsey, Charles M 1091 
 
 Eumsey, Emery J 1090 
 
 Eumsey, Jeremiah 210 
 
 Rumsey, Noah, Sr 1090 
 
 Rumsey, Noah, Jr 1090 
 
 Rumsey, Dr. Philemon 202 
 
 Rushniore, Peter 938 
 
 Eushmore, Silas 938 
 
 Eushmore, Watson R 939 
 
 Rusling, Joseph Fowler 1028 
 
 Russell, John M 757 
 
 Russell, Lucius L 757 
 
 Rutland Postoffice 555 
 
 Rutland Township.- — Organization, 551; 
 Boundaries, 551; Physical Features, 
 551; Streams, 551; Elevations, 551; 
 Mineral Deposits, 551; Population, 
 551; Early Settlers, 551; Mills and 
 Other Enterprises, 552; Schools, 553; 
 Physicians, 553; Justices, 554; The 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of North 
 Sullivan and South Eutland, 554; The 
 Second Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 554; The Third Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Eutland, 554; Bailey Creek 
 Baptist Church, 554; The Eutland Bap- 
 tist Church, 555; Cemeteries, 555; 
 Eoseville Borough, 555. 
 
 Eyan, Norman H 169 
 
 Ryder, William L 946 
 
 Ryon, George L 1023 
 
 Ryon, George W 166 
 
 Ryon, Harris T 1024 
 
 Ryon, John, Sr 208, 1021 
 
 Ryon, Judge John, sketch of 1022 
 
 Ryon, Judge John, portrait of 33 
 
 Page. 
 
 Ryon, John S 177 
 
 Ryon, Hon. John W 159 
 
 Ryon, Samuel 1022 
 
 Ryon, Wallace Pulaski 166, 1024 
 
 S 
 
 Sabins, Alonzo Giles 954 
 
 Sabins, Luman E 954 
 
 Sabinsville, village of 468 
 
 Sandbach, Charles 851 
 
 Sandbach, Richard E 851 
 
 Sandel-s, T. C 177 
 
 Sandford, Peleg B 1030 
 
 Sayles, Adriel K 918 
 
 Sayles, Christopher 917 
 
 Saynisch, Dr. Lewis 194, 617 
 
 Scanlin, Patrick H 754 
 
 Schieffelin, Edward G 682 
 
 Schieffelin, Dr. Jacob, sketch of 1004 
 
 SchiefEelin, Dr. Jacob, portrait of 113 
 
 Schieffelin, Jacob ■ 1005 
 
 Schoonover, Daniel 941 
 
 Schoonover, Richard 942 
 
 Schoonover, Richard P 943 
 
 Schott, Edwin B 959 
 
 Schultz, Nicholas 1133 
 
 Schusler, Joseph 1079 
 
 Scott, Luke 951 
 
 Scott, Rufus 951 
 
 Scott, Winfield ' 952 
 
 Scranton, Chester L 97S 
 
 Scranton, George M 978 
 
 Scranton, Samuel 977 
 
 Scranton, Stephen S 978 
 
 Scudder, Franklin B 1120 
 
 Scudder, Rev. George W 1120 
 
 Scudder, Mack 1136 
 
 Seagers, Vine 215 
 
 Seaman, Augustus G 1155 
 
 Seaman, William W 1156 
 
 Seamans, Eli B 901 
 
 Seamans, Jonathan 900 
 
 Seamans, Sheldon Alonzo 901 
 
 Seamans, William Orvllle, sketch of 901 
 
 Seamans, William Orville, portrait of . . . 905 
 
 Sears, Frank L 9S9 
 
 Sears, George W. — "Nessmuk" 255 
 
 Sebring, Grant 1141 
 
 Sebring, John . .^ 215 
 
 Sebring, Jonathan 1140 
 
 Sebring, Robert C il41 
 
 Sebrings Postoffice 648 
 
 Secor, Dr. John Cross 203 
 
 Seely, Ed. M 858 
 
 Seely, Frank J 857 
 
 Seely, Morgan 857 
 
 Seely, Nathaniel 857 
 
 Seelye, Ebenezer 207, 868 
 
 Seelye, Elanson 869 
 
 Seelye, Capt. John 890 
 
 Seminary, Mansfield Classical 580 
 
 Seneca Indians 29 
 
 Sentinel, The Lawrence 512, 537 
 
 Sexton, John Lawrence 1125 
 
 Seymour, Hon. Charles H 160 
 
 Shaff, Alonzo D 803 
 
 Shaft", Henry J 802 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1181 
 
 Page. 
 
 Shaff, John 802 
 
 Shafl, Porter D 803 
 
 Shafll, Stephen C 802 
 
 Shappee, Frederick W 1009 
 
 Shappee, N. R 1008 
 
 Shattuck, Alfred Jones 179 
 
 Shattuck, Iievl Hubbard 1076 
 
 Shaw, Charles Milton 1095 
 
 Shaw, Daniel M., sketch of 1095 
 
 Shaw, Daniel M., portrait of 617 
 
 Shaw, Freeman 1095 
 
 Shaw, James H 185 
 
 Shaw, Joshua 1094 
 
 Shaw, Vardis '. 1079 
 
 Shaw, William M 1080 
 
 Shearer, Dr. John Henry 198, 706 
 
 Shearer, William Lincoln 182, 707 
 
 Sheff er, Alpheus 1142 
 
 Sheffer, Francis Marion, sketch of 1144 
 
 ShefCer, Francis Marion, portrait of 641 
 
 ShefE er, James 1143 
 
 ShefEer, John, Sr : 1141 
 
 ShefEer, John, Jr 1142 
 
 ShefEer, Michael 1143 
 
 ShefEer, Samuel 1143 
 
 Sheldon, James R 1049 
 
 Shepherd, Dr. Ralph 1 197 
 
 SherifEs 140 
 
 Sherwood, Albert 1060 
 
 Sherwood, Clark Burr 1060 
 
 Sherwood, Daniel 1059 
 
 Sherwood, Daniel Andrew 1060 
 
 Sherwood, Harry N 184 
 
 Sherwood, Hon. Henry, sketch of 160 
 
 Sherwood, Hon. Henry, portrait of 161 
 
 Sherwood, Julius 159 
 
 Sherwood, Salmon 676 
 
 Sherwood, Walter 170 
 
 Shippen PostofBce 474 
 
 Shippen TowNSHlP.^Organization, 469; 
 Boundaries and Area, 469; Streams, 
 469; Physical Features, 469; Popula- 
 tion, 470; Early Settlers, 470; Big' 
 Meadows, 470; The Six Nations, 470; 
 Division of Township, 471; Early Mills, 
 471; Schools, 472; Justices, 472; Pine 
 Creek Church, 472; The Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, 472; The Shippen 
 Baptist Church, 473 ; The Ansonia Cem- 
 etery, 473; Ansonia, 473; Shippen Post- 
 ofBce, 474; Ebenton Postofflce, 474; 
 Pine Creek Railroad, 474; Societies, 
 474; Marsh Creek Postoffice, 474; 
 Asaph Postoffice, 474. 
 
 Shoptown 649 
 
 Short, Henry G 883 
 
 Shortsville 463 
 
 Shumway, Peter 210, 361, 765 
 
 Shumway, Sleeman 765 
 
 Shumway, William P., sketch of 765 
 
 Shumway, William P., portrait of 369 
 
 Siemens, Carl L 692 
 
 Siemens Fred W 692 
 
 Signer, George C 848 
 
 Simmons, Andrew J 941 
 
 Simmons, Arthur J 910 
 
 Simmons, Frank W 910 
 
 Page. 
 
 Simmons, George H 917 
 
 Simmons, Joseph P 916 
 
 Simmons, William (Westfield) 909 
 
 Simmons, William (Brookfleld) 941 
 
 Simpson, Robert C 677 
 
 Single Freemen, 1812 68, 71 
 
 Sisson, Putnam C 1047 
 
 Sixbee, Reynolds 1104 
 
 Slave Hunt, The Great 87 
 
 Smead, Ephraim A 1007 
 
 Smead, Joseph 1007 
 
 Smith, Alvah Lee 998 
 
 Smith, Arad 1093 
 
 Smith, Augustus 845 
 
 Smith, Benjamin B 266, 318, 663 
 
 Smith, Charles 1099 
 
 Smith, C. E 1003 
 
 Smith, Charles G 1093 
 
 Smith, Clareiice A 1096 
 
 Smith, David 963 
 
 Smith, Elijah 845 
 
 Smith, Dr. Frank 200 
 
 Smith, Frederick Bigelow 182, 998 
 
 Smith, Frederick Emerson, sketches 
 
 of 162, 995 
 
 Smith, Frederick Emerson, portrait of .505 
 
 Smith, Fred. T 845 
 
 Smith, Dr. G. A 200 
 
 Smith, George 1099 
 
 Smith, George Dwight 664 
 
 Smith, H. E 1003 
 
 Smith, Henry (Wellsboro) 719 
 
 Smith, Henry (Nelson) 824 
 
 Smith, James ' 213 
 
 Smith, James H 768 
 
 Smith, Jason E 769 
 
 Smith, Jesse 1103 
 
 Smith, John A 213 
 
 Smith, John B., M. D 202, 1029 
 
 Smith, John R 834 
 
 Smith, John Wesley 920 
 
 Smith, Dr. Joseph N 202 
 
 Smith, Joshua 1092 
 
 Smith, Marshall M 964 
 
 Smith, Morris 1103 
 
 Smith, Dr. Nathaniel 197 
 
 Smith, Northrop 1095 
 
 Smith, Octavius A 963 
 
 Smith, Philetus P 1093 
 
 Smith, Robert Bruce, ItJ. D., sketches 
 
 of 199, 999 
 
 Smith, Robert Bruce, M. D., portrait of . 513 
 
 Smith, William 1103 
 
 Smith, William Clive, M. D 999 
 
 Smith, W. H 185 
 
 Smythe, Dr. H. G 195 
 
 Smythe Park Association 119 
 
 Soldiers' Monument 248 
 
 Soldiers' Orphan Home 584 
 
 Soper, Collins W 1106 
 
 Soper, Ward B .1106 
 
 Soule, Elisha 833 
 
 Spalding, Adolphus D 693 
 
 Spalding, George M 693 
 
 Spaulding, Ezra, trial and conviction of . 80 
 
 Spaulding, Ezra, history of 81 
 
 Spaulding, Sem P., sketch of 798 
 
1182 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Spaulding, Sem P., portrait of 785 
 
 Spaulding, William 797 
 
 Speaker of House of Kepresentatives of 
 
 Pennsylvania 138 
 
 Speakers of the State Senate 138 
 
 Spear, Waldo 777 
 
 Spencer, Alenson 737 
 
 Spencer, Francis Upton 212 
 
 Spencer, Lyman 727 
 
 Spencer, Uriah 277, 506, 528, 991 
 
 Spencer, William Lee 727 
 
 Sprague, Hiram 932 
 
 Sprague, Lewis 932 
 
 Sprague, Thomas 932 
 
 Spratt, Dr. George 195 
 
 Starkey, John 798 
 
 Starkey, William 798 
 
 State Line Koad 93 
 
 State Line Surreys 93 
 
 State Normal School, Mansfield 582 
 
 State Eoads 100, 102 
 
 State Representatives 138 
 
 State Senators 138 
 
 Statistics, coal mining 130 
 
 Statls, John 752 
 
 Statts, Henry W 752 
 
 Statts, William 751 
 
 Statts, William A 752 
 
 Stauffer, George E 1100 
 
 Stauffer, Hamilton S 1101 
 
 StaufEer, Mack E 1101 
 
 Stebbins, Elijah H 954 
 
 Stebbins, Milford H 713 
 
 Stebbins, Orrin, Sr 953 
 
 Steele, John 737 
 
 Steele, Robert, Sr 211, 736 
 
 Steele, Robert 736 
 
 Stephenson, John P 937 
 
 Stevens, Daniel G 793 
 
 Stevens, Horace Leroy 793 
 
 Stevens, Martin 793 
 
 Stevens, William B., M. D 303, 833 
 
 Stewart, Sylvester 313 
 
 Stilwell, Richard J 1045 
 
 Stinehofer, Dr. John 193 
 
 Stokesdale, village of 358 
 
 Stokesdale Junction 359 
 
 Stone, Capt. Amos 307, 526 
 
 Stone, Eugene Howard 728 
 
 Stone, Israel 728 
 
 Stone, Hon. William A 173 
 
 Stony Fork, village of 357 
 
 Stott, Nimrod 925 
 
 Stowell, Hezekiah 113 
 
 Stowell & Dickinson 113 
 
 Strait, Charles L 1076 
 
 Strait, Ethan 964 
 
 Strait, George L 1076 
 
 Strait, Isaac 1076 
 
 Strait, Justus D 965 
 
 Strang, Hon. Butler B 163 
 
 Strang, J. C 185 
 
 Strange, Charles 1098 
 
 Strange, Charles H 1098 
 
 Strange, Joseph 1098 
 
 Strange, Marcus 1097 
 
 Stratton, Dr. Daniel 203 
 
 Page. 
 
 Stratton, Daniel H U31 
 
 Stratton, Frank H 1122 
 
 Stratton, Martin 1121 
 
 Strawbridge, James 413 
 
 Streams, minor 28 
 
 Streeter, Augustus 164 
 
 Streeter, Dr. Burton 193 
 
 Stull, Col. Marinus W 213 
 
 Sturmer, Ferdinand T 747 
 
 Sturmer, George 748 
 
 Sturrock, David 675 
 
 Sturrock, Capt. Robert W 244 
 
 Sullivan Postoffice 566 
 
 Sullivan Township. — Organization, 557; 
 Area and Boundaries, 557; Elevation, 
 557; Soil, 557; Streams, 557; Origin of 
 Name, 557; Population, 557; Early Sel^ 
 tiers, 557; Business Enterprises, 559; 
 Schools, 560; Physicians, 561; Justicee, 
 561; The Old School Baptist Church 
 of Sullivan, 561; The Free Will Baptist 
 Church of Sullivan, 561; The East Sul- 
 livan Baptist Church, 562; The Sulli- 
 van State Road Baptist Church, 563; 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Mainesburg, 563; The State Road Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Class, 563; The Elk 
 Run Methodist Episcopal Church, 564; 
 The Church of Christ of Mainesburg, 
 564; The Central Union Church or Con- 
 gregation on the State Road, 564; The 
 Doud Burying Ground, 564; The State 
 Road Cemetery, 564; Gray's Valley 
 Cemetery, 565; The Mainesburg Ceme- 
 tery, 565; Secret Societies, 565; Bor- 
 ough of Mainesburg, 565; Sullivan 
 Postoffice, 566; Gray's Valley Postof- 
 fice, 566; Elk Run Postoffice, 566. 
 
 Sun, The Covington 601 
 
 Sweeley, J. Mack 1105 
 
 Sylvester, village of 456 
 
 Symonds, Aaron 738 
 
 Symonds, Job W 738 
 
 T 
 
 Tanning Industry 115 
 
 Taxables, 1800 41 
 
 Taxables, 1812 64 
 
 Taylor, Capt. Charles Ryon 855 
 
 Taylor, Ebenezer 854 
 
 Taylor, Col. Philip 854 
 
 Taylor, Richard C 124 
 
 Taylor, William 746 
 
 Taylor, William A 746 
 
 Taylor, Rev. William' DeWitt 1068 
 
 The Cottage State Hospital 624 
 
 The First Welsh Congregation, Morris 
 
 Run 639 
 
 The Knoxville Free Church Association. . 428 
 
 The Long Farewell, poem 251 
 
 The Miners National Bank 623 
 
 The Old Academy 375 
 
 The Parting, poem 253 
 
 The People's Church, Potter Brook 435 
 
 The People's Church, Ogdensburg 653 
 
 The Quaker Meeting House, Wellsboro.. 396 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1183 
 
 Page. 
 
 The Quaker Society, Knoxville 427 
 
 The Second Adventist Church, Cherry 
 
 Flats 596 
 
 The Swedish Free Mission, Amot 609 
 
 The Welsh Congreg-ation of Charleston.. 366 
 The World Would be the Better for It, 
 
 poem 354 
 
 Thirty-fifth Regiment— Sixth Eeserve... 319 
 Thirty-fifth Regiment — Emergency Men 243 
 
 Thomas, Ephraim 1032 
 
 Thomas, William 1032 
 
 Thomas, Dr. William R 202, 1032 
 
 Thompson, Alden 766 
 
 Thompson, Dr. Charles K 197 
 
 Thompson, Darwin 766 
 
 Thompson, Duncan L 213 
 
 Thompson, Isaac 933 
 
 Thompson, Isaac C 933 
 
 Thompson, Joseph 766 
 
 Thompson, Robert 973 
 
 Tiadaghton, Indian Chief 31 
 
 Tiadaghton, Indian village of 30, 33 
 
 Tiadaghton & Fahnastalk Railroad 108 
 
 Tiadaghton, village of 359 
 
 Tioga Borough. — Situation and Physical 
 Features, 505; Pioneer Settlers, 505; 
 Population, 507; Village Industries and 
 Enterprises, 507; Early Physicians and 
 Lawyers, 509; Early and Later Hotels, 
 510; Borough Organization and Offi- 
 cials, 510; Postmasters, 511; Newspa- 
 pers, 511; The Tioga Pioneer, 511; The 
 Northern Banner, 512; Tioga Demo- 
 crat, 512; Lawrence Sentinel, 512; 
 Wellsboro Banner, 512; Tioga County 
 Express, 512; Lawrenceville Herald, 
 512; Tioga Express, 512; Tioga Argus, 
 512; Schools, 512; The First Baptist 
 Church of Tioga, 513; The First Metho- 
 dist Church of Tioga, 513; St. An- 
 drew's Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 514; The Presbyterian Church of 
 Tioga, 515; St. Mary's Catholic Church, 
 515; Willardsburg Lodge, F. & A. M., 
 515; Tioga Lodge, No. 373, F. & A. M., 
 516; Adelphic Lodge, I. O. O. F., 516; 
 Tioga River Lodge, No. 797, I. O. O. F., 
 516; Etz Post, No. 401, G. A. E., 516; 
 Beneficiary Orders,516; The Tabor,Ma- 
 thews & Company Foundry, 516; 
 The Union Tanning Company, 516; 
 The Tioga County Bank, 517; The Rob- 
 ert Bishop Factory, 517; The Lucky 
 Oil Well Company, 517; Voorhees, 
 Aiken & Company, 517; T. G. Hetfield'a 
 Cigar Factory, 517; The Tioga- Water 
 Works Company, 518; The Park Hose 
 Company, 518; Smead Hose Company, 
 No. 1, 518; Fire and Flood, 518. 
 
 Tioga County Bank, Tioga 517 
 
 Tioga County Boundaries Defined 45 
 
 Tioga County Boundary Line Dispute. . 48 
 
 Tioga County Created 45 
 
 Tioga County, derivation of name 46 
 
 Tioga County, first white settlers in 56 
 
 Tioga County, first white children born 
 in 414, 499, 526 
 
 Page. 
 
 Tioga County, first courts of 84 
 
 Tioga County, first trustees 72 
 
 Tioga County, form and area 46 
 
 Tioga County, organization completed . 71 
 
 Tioga County, county seat laid out 73 
 
 Tioga County, county seat lots adver- 
 tised 74 
 
 Tioga, Indian village at 33 
 
 Tioga County Medica,l Society 205 
 
 Tioga Navigation Company 104, 123 
 
 Tioga River 34 
 
 Tioga River Declared Navigable 104 
 
 Tioga Township. — Petition of Settlers, 
 39; Township Erected, 39, 498; Created 
 a Separate Election District, 43, 498; 
 Taxables of 1813, 64; Reductions of 
 Area, 498; Present Boundaries and 
 Area, 498; Physical Characteristics, 
 498; Streams, 498; Population, 499; 
 Pioneer Settlers, 499; Early Enter- 
 prises, 501; Schools, 501; Justices, 502; 
 The Free Methodist Church at Painter 
 Run, 502; An Indian Burying Ground, 
 502; Family Burying Grounds, 502; 
 Evergreen Cemetery, 503; Mitchell's 
 Creek Postoffice, 503 ; Tioga Village, or 
 Brooklyn, 503; Painter Run Postoffice, 
 504. 
 
 Tioga, village of 503 
 
 Topographical Features 18 
 
 Tragedy, The Walker 36 
 
 Travis, George, execution of 136 
 
 Treasurer, first county 77 
 
 Treasurer, first statement of 78 
 
 Treat, Rufus G 947 
 
 Treat, Sylvester, Sr 947 
 
 Treat, Sylvester 948 
 
 Treaty of 1768 35 
 
 Treaty and Purchase of 1784 35 
 
 Tremain, Gilbert H., sketch of 911 
 
 Tremain, Gilbert H., portrait of 449 
 
 Tremain, John M 911 
 
 Tremain, Lyman 910 
 
 Tremain, Theodore 911 
 
 Tremaine, Charles H 1033 
 
 Tremaine, Julius 1032 
 
 Trexler, Dr. Charles 303 
 
 Trieman, Dr. George A 203 
 
 Tripp, George E 1154 
 
 TrowlDridge, Edward C 973 
 
 Trowbridge, Henry 1045 
 
 Trowbridge, John C 971 
 
 Trowbridge Postoffice 550 
 
 Truman, Albert A 702 
 
 Truman, Lucius. 701 
 
 Trust, declaration of 58 
 
 Trustees, first county 73 
 
 Tubbs, Hon. Charles 171 
 
 Tubbs, Edward R 857 
 
 Tubbs, George 85i6 
 
 Tubbs, James 856 
 
 Tubbs, James B 937 
 
 Tubbs, John 856 
 
 Tubbs, Samuel, Sr 308, 855 
 
 Tubbs, Samuel, Jr 856 
 
 Tubbs, Samuel 937 
 
 Tucker, Edward M 919 
 
1184 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Tuller, Philo 1007 
 
 Tuttle, Ayres 308 
 
 Tuttle, Lauren H 176 
 
 Two Hundred and Seventh Eegiment... 239 
 
 U 
 
 Union Center 654 
 
 Union Tanning Company 115 
 
 Union Township. — ^Boundaries, 649; Or- 
 ganization, 649; Area, 649; Drainage, 
 649; The Northern Central Eailroad, 
 650; Population, 650; Pioneer Set- 
 tlers, 650; Early and Later En- 
 terprises, 651; Schools, 651; Phy- 
 sicians, 651; Justices, 652; The Baptist 
 Church of Union, 652; The Methodist 
 Episcopal Church at Newelltown, 652; 
 The Stull Ridge Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 652; The Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Eoaring Branch, 652; The 
 Church of Christ, 653; St. John's Cath- 
 olic Church, 653; The People's Church, 
 653; Cemeteries, 653; Secret Societies, 
 653; Penbryn, 653; Newelltown, 654; 
 Eoaring Branch, 654; Ogdensburg, 654; 
 Union Center, 654; Gleason, 654. 
 
 United Glass Company 116 
 
 United States Leather Company 115 
 
 United States Senator 137 
 
 Univeesalist Chtjbches. — Westfield,447 ; 
 
 Mansfield, 590; Liberty, 646. 
 Urell, W. T 1005 
 
 "Valley of the Cowanesque 24 
 
 Valley Enterprise, The 537 
 
 Valsing, George 747 
 
 "Van Campen, extracts from life of 32 
 
 Vanderhoof, Aaron 816 
 
 Vanderhoof , George 817 
 
 "Van Dusen, Benjamin 900 
 
 Van Dusen, Charles H 900 
 
 Van Dusen, Prank 821 
 
 Van Dusen, Walter 821 
 
 Van Dusen, William 821 
 
 Van Horn, Benjamin T 690 
 
 Van Horn, Eankin L 690 
 
 Van Horn, William 690 
 
 Van Horn, WilUiam B 690 
 
 Van Horn, William D 691 
 
 Van Keuren, Eber 1077 
 
 Van Keuren, Prank E 1078 
 
 Van Wert, Dr. John J 203 
 
 Vedder, John Harmanus 1074 
 
 Vedder, Wentworth D., M. D 201, 1074 
 
 Vermilyea, William H 966 
 
 Viel, Francis A 1132 
 
 Viel, Francis Louis 1132 
 
 Vincent, James T 933 
 
 Vincent, Willett 932 
 
 Voorhees, Dr. Charles 546 
 
 Voorhees, Dr. Sherman 546 
 
 Page. 
 
 W 
 
 Wagner, William 896 
 
 Wakely, John 850 
 
 Wakely, William 851 
 
 Walbridge, Lyman 739 
 
 Walbridge, Eobert S 740 
 
 Walker, Daniel 533 
 
 Walker, Delos Hazleton 1111 
 
 Walker, Isaac 1109 
 
 Walker, James 1111 
 
 Walker, Lewis 1110 
 
 Walker, Lewis Eandall 1110 
 
 Walker, Milton E 1110 
 
 Walker, Eoyal 1109 
 
 Walker, Stratton 1109 
 
 Walker Tragedy, The 36 
 
 War of 1812 211 
 
 War, The Mexican 216 
 
 War of the Eebellion ' 216 
 
 War of the Eevolution 206 
 
 War, losses in the 248 
 
 Wabd Township. — Origin of Name, 630; 
 Boundaries and Area, 630; Streams, 
 630; Coal Deposits, 630; Population, 
 630; Justices, 631; Early Settlers, 
 631; Manufacturing Enterprises, 631; 
 Schools, 631; Baptist Church, 632; The 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Ward Township, 632; Cemeteries, 63Z; 
 Ward Grange, No. 900, P. of H., 632. 
 
 Warren, Bion Snyder 812 
 
 Warren, Hiram 811 
 
 Warren, Philo S 812 
 
 Warriner, Asa 980 
 
 Wass, David 889 
 
 Wass, William 213, 889 
 
 Waters, D. C, M. D 200, 1134 
 
 Watkins, Abel 1119 
 
 Watkins, Andrew J 1119 
 
 Watkins, Eugene 1120 
 
 Watkins, Frank 714 
 
 Watkins, John E 1119 
 
 Watkins, Nicholas ■. 1118 
 
 Watkins, Orlando W 1082 
 
 Watrous, Charles B 964 
 
 Watrous, F. E 176 
 
 Watrous, village of 482 
 
 Watson, George 1136 
 
 Wattles, Daniel 209, 555 
 
 Webb, Clarence W., M. D 201 
 
 Webb, Wellington W., M. D 198 
 
 Webster, Allen 752 
 
 Webster, A. J 185 
 
 Webster, Alvin N 732 
 
 Webster, Dan P 770 
 
 Webster, James D 981 
 
 Webster, J. E 1157 
 
 Webster, Judd Lew 982 
 
 Webster, Newell P 771 
 
 Webster, Sylvester 1156 
 
 Welch, Prank H 1135 
 
 Wells, Chester 884 
 
 Wells, William Hill 352 
 
 Wellsboro. — Why so Named, 72; De- 
 scriptive, 258; The Original Town 
 Plot, 259; Additional Lots Surveyed, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 1185 
 
 Page. 
 
 259; Price of Lots Fixed, 260; Order 
 of Commissioners Concerning Sale of 
 Lots, 76; Prominent Pioneers, 260; As- 
 sessment of 1812, 260; Tavern Licenses 
 Granted, 261; First Store, 261; Josiah 
 Emery's Reminiscences, 262; Postoifice 
 and Postmasters, 270; Old-Time Tav- 
 erns and Landlords, 272; Modern Ho- 
 tels, 273; Village Schools, 375; The Old 
 Academy, 275; Common School System 
 Adopted, 291; First Public School 
 Building, 293; Later Buildings and 
 Teachers, 294; Willow Hall School, 
 295; The Old Quaker Meeting House, 
 295; St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, 297; The Presbyterian Church 
 of Wellsboro, 299; The First Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, 306; First Baptist 
 Church, 307; St. Peter's Catholic 
 Church, 309; The Free Will Baptist 
 Church, 310; Academy Hill Cemetery", 
 311; The Wellsboro Cemetery, 312; 
 Calvary Cemetery, 313; Tyoga Lodge, 
 No. 230, I. O. O. F., 313; Wellsboro En- 
 campment, No. 78, I. O. O. P., 313; 
 Canton Keystone, No. 5, Patriarchs 
 Militant, I. O. O. P., 314; Ossea Lodge, 
 No. 317, P. & A. M., 314; Tyoga Chap- 
 ter, No. 194, R. A. M., 314; Tyagaghton 
 Commandery, No. 28, K. T., 314; George 
 Cook Post, No. 315, G. A. R., 314; 
 George Cook Corps, No. 88, W. R. C, 
 315; Tiog-a County Association of Ex- 
 Union Prisoners of War, 315; Encamp- 
 ment No. 105, Union Veteran Legion, 
 315; Wellsboro Lodge, No. 949, K. of 
 H., 315; Wellsboro Lodge, No. 72, I. O. 
 G. T., 315; Wellsboro Tent, No. 152, K. 
 O. T. M., 315; Wellsboro Hive, No. 45, 
 L. O. T. M., 315; Division No. 5, A. O. 
 H., 316; Wellsborough's Military Band, 
 316; The Tioga Pioneer, 317; The Phoe- 
 nix, 318; The Tioga Herald, 319; George 
 Hildreth, 319; The Wellsboro Adver- 
 tiser, 331; The Wellsboro Agitator, 321; 
 The Tioga Eagle and Its Successors, 
 323; The Wellsboro Gazette, 324; The 
 Tioga Banner, 325; The Hermaic Jour- 
 nal, 325; The Tioga County Leader, 
 326; The Republican Advocate, 326; A 
 Noted Correspondent, 326; Incorpo- 
 rated as a Borough, 327; Early Ordi- 
 nances, 328; Burgesses, Clerks, Treas- 
 urers and Justices, 339; Borough 
 Boundaries, 330; Fire Department, 331; 
 Water Works System, 333; The Wells- 
 borough Electric Company, 334; The 
 First National Bank, 335; The Wells- 
 borough National Bank, 336; The 
 Great Bank Robbery, 336; The Prop- 
 erty Taken, 343; Two of the Robbers 
 Captured, 343; Cosgrove Reforms, 344; 
 Manufacturing and Other Enterprises, 
 345; The Wellsboro Tannery, 345; 
 The Spencer Planing and Shingle Mill, 
 345; The Wellsboro Carriage Works, 
 345; The Wellsboro Foundry and Ma- 
 
 Pagc. 
 
 chine Shop, 346; R. H. Edwards' Foun- 
 dry and Machine Shop, 346; Sheffler's 
 Brewery, 346; Och's Brewery, 346; 
 The Wellsboro Manufacturing and 
 Building Company (Limited), 346; The 
 Wellsboro Cigar Factory, 346; C. A. 
 Yale Cigar Factory, 347; The Wells- 
 boro Roller Mill, 347; The Keystone 
 Mills, 347; The Wellsboro Glass Com- 
 pany (Limited), 347; The Wellsboro 
 Veneer Works, 347; The Wellsboro 
 Telephone Exchange, 347; The Wells- 
 boro of To-day, 348; The Park or 
 Green, 348; The Soldiers' Monument, 
 348; The John Magee Monument, 348; 
 The Bache Auditorium, 349. 
 
 Wellsboroug'h National Bank 336 
 
 Welsh Congregation of Charleston 366 
 
 Welsh Settlement 368 
 
 Weseman, William P., M. D 198, 1145 
 
 West, Adelbert 797 
 
 West, Charles H 971 
 
 West, Clinton 762 
 
 West, George W 768 
 
 West, Ira 796 
 
 West, John 795 
 
 West, John E 757 
 
 West, Nathan T 796 
 
 West, Thomas M 796 
 
 West, Wilbur P 762 
 
 Westbrook, Abram L 789 
 
 Westbrook, Edgar L 811 
 
 Westbrook, George 810 
 
 Westbrook, Horace Freeland 810 
 
 Westbrook, Jacob H 1016 
 
 Westbrook, Solomon 214, 788 
 
 West Covington Postffice 596 
 
 West Parmington Postoffice 383 
 
 Westpield Borough. — Location and Sur- 
 roundings, 438; Population, 438; Early 
 Settlers, 438; Borough Organization 
 and Officials, 440; Postmasters, 440; 
 Physicians, 441; Lawyers, 441; Busi- 
 ness and Manufacturing Enterprises, 
 441; Scott & Turner, 441; The Phillips 
 Mills, 441; Hollister Baker's Foundry, 
 442; The Eberle Tannery, 442; Rood's 
 Carriage and Wagon Shop, 442; Kelts 
 & Gilbert's Tannery, 442; The Cowan- 
 esque Tannery, 442; Albert Baker's 
 Foundry and Machine Shop, 442; The 
 Westfield Co-operative Association, 
 443; The Westfield Planing Mill, 443; 
 The Farmers and Traders Bank, 443; 
 The Westfield Steam Flouring Mill, 
 443; The Westfield Marble Works, 
 443; The Pride Opera House, 443; The 
 Westfield Oil and Mining Company, 
 443; Cowanesque Valley Agricultural 
 Society, 443; Westfield Water Com- 
 pany, 444; Union Tanning Company, 
 444; The United States Pipe Line 
 Company, 444; Hotels, 444; The West- 
 field Index, 445; The Westfield Idea, 
 445; The Westfield Free Press, 445; 
 Railroads, 445; The Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church of Westfield, 445; The First 
 
1186 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Westfleld, 446; St. John's Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, 446; The Univer- 
 salist Church of Westfield, 447; The 
 First Baptist Church of Westfield, 447; 
 The Krusen Cemetery, 447; Mount 
 Pleasant Cemetery Company, 447; 
 Westfield Lodge, No. 477, F. & A. M., 
 447; Westfield Chapter, No. 265, K. A. 
 M., 448; Jemison Lodge, No. 332, I. O. 
 O. F., 448; R. P. Babcock Post, No. 
 258, G. A. E., 448; R. P. Babcock W. E. 
 C, No. 128, 448; Other Societies, iiS. 
 Westfield Township. — Boundaries, 430; 
 Organization, 430; Origin of Name, 430; 
 Area, 430; Physical Features, 430; 
 Streams, 431; Population, 431; Early 
 Settlers, 431; Early Enterprises, 433; 
 Schools, 434; Justices, 434; The First 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Cowan- 
 esque, 434; The Wesleyan Methodists, 
 435; The Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Potter Brook, 435; The Potter 
 Brook Branch of the Harrison Valley 
 Baptist Church, 435; The People's 
 Church of Potter Brook, 435; The Pot^ 
 ter Cemetery Association of Potter 
 Brook, 435; The Champlin Cemetery 
 Association, 436; Cowanesque, 436; 
 Potter Brook, 436; Phillips Station, 
 437 
 
 Wheeler, Benjamin P 985 
 
 Wheeler, Benjamin 1048 
 
 Wheeler, Harry Daniels 759 
 
 Wheeler, Julius C 694 
 
 Wheeler, Marion H 1048 
 
 White, Dr. Francis H 195 
 
 White, James L 710 
 
 Whitej John C 879 
 
 White, John E 879 
 
 White, Newell E 880 
 
 White, Hon. Eobert Gray 146 
 
 Whitehead, Dr. Harmon 195 
 
 Whiting, Joseph W 1117 
 
 Whitmarsh, Dewey 929 
 
 Whitmarsh, John'. 939 
 
 Whitney, Alonzo 774 
 
 Whitney, Capt. Nelson 775 
 
 Whitneyville, village of 368 
 
 Whitteker, Peter 1080 
 
 Whitteker, Seth :.1080 
 
 Wilcox, Benjamin C 781 
 
 Wilcox, Charles N 801 
 
 Page. 
 
 Wilcox, Freeman 955 
 
 Wilcox, Galusha B 731 
 
 Wilcox, George S 732 
 
 Wilcox, Eansom Eugene 801 
 
 Wilcox, William W 955 
 
 Wilderness, horrors of the' 63 
 
 Willard, Dr. William 191, 507 
 
 Willcox, Charles C 731 
 
 Willcox, Job 730 
 
 Willcox, John D 732 
 
 Willcox, Simon G 730 
 
 Williams, Dr. Charles N 203 
 
 Williams, George W 711 
 
 Williams, Hon. Henry W.. sketch of 148 
 
 Williams, Hon. Henry W., portrait of . . . . 145 
 
 Williston, Hon. Horace. 146 
 
 Williston, Hon. Lorenzo Parsons 157 
 
 Wilson, Alanson J 735 
 
 Wilson, Ira C 736 
 
 Wilson, Milon D 735 
 
 Wilson, Eobert B 761 
 
 Wilson, Eobert L 762 
 
 Wilson, Hon. Stephen Fowler 149 
 
 Wilson, Thomas 529 
 
 Winsor, Dr. Charles Clarence 201 
 
 Woester, Dr. Theodore P 201 
 
 Wood, Dr. Ezra 193 
 
 Wood, Dr. Frederick Green 203 
 
 Wood, Harvey D 1139 
 
 Wood, John T 841 
 
 Wood, Joseph 894 
 
 Wood, Oliver L 894 
 
 Wood, Col. Eobert T 164, 842 
 
 Wood, Stephen H 1139 
 
 Woodruff, Thomas L 980 
 
 Works, James 860 
 
 Works, James F 861 
 
 Works, Justus M. E 861 
 
 Wright, Asahel 841 
 
 Wright, Frederick K., sketch of 689 
 
 Wright, Frederick K., portrait of 689 
 
 Wright, William W., M. D 198, 841 , 
 
 Wright, Samuel 969 
 
 Y 
 
 Youdis, Henry 1150 
 
 Youmans, John, Sr 927 
 
 Youmans, John 928 
 
 Young, Ezra Benedict 175, 695 
 
 Young, Hon. Hugh, sketch of 680 
 
 Young, Hon. Hugh, portrait of 321 
 
 Young, Eobert Kennedy 179