hjl '^J CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINE ARTS LIBRARY The works of Ernest Flagg. 3 1924 015 703 089 DATE DUE .lV^r4^^ -n^ ^ 79 ii rrrw. r>"ty ' » ^ :-J. f%^ ^^i^^vJu^^'s* ■i^a^m s*,»i.jaEfef^ g; PRIHTCOINU.*.*. ^ol. XI. No. 8 / ^^^ ^°' '^- l^'Ml^. RECORD rf '/t' f r'" s mMIJ -lBiBMiiiBiii mr'r :wi' ' SS-I ^'"■.''«r- y»^L,^i^.^.g'l- „..^: -■:." .L. il—t ■Bimrii I ~i8itT '^^*-'**^'-^ THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD CO., t4-t^ Vpspv Sfi-^^t- i\r. V. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. t^ CHARLES T. WILLS BUILDER No. 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Telephone, 3716 i8th Street «^ Ti^e ArclAitcctural Record A MONTHLY 'ITH this issue of ARCHITECTURAL Record, this periodical ceases as a quarterly to appear henceforth monthly. The first number of the new series will be issued on May 15, and the sub- sequent monthly numbers will be published thereafter on the fifteenth day of each month. 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Lord »Sc Burnham Co., The Roehr Company, Jno. Williams, Cooper & Wigand P. & F. Corbin, Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co Reading Hardware Co., Thomas Diamond, Theo. Westing, John Burkbardt, . Troy Laundry Machinery Co , Ltd P. & F. Corbin, Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., Reading Hardware Co., Batterson & Eisele, John H. Shipway & Bro., Batterson & Eisele, G. W. Koch & Son, James Armstrong, The Kcole des Beaux Arts, Architectural Photographs, I.oiillard Rtfrigerator, The J. L. Mott Iron Works Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., Hitchings & Co., Thatcher Furnace Co., George Brown & Co., B. A. & G. N. Williams, . New York Telephone Co., American Enameled Brick & T ile Co. Cutler Mfg. Co., . New Jersey Zinc Co., Page. 69 Second Cover 48 64 70 65 59 66 67 51 53 Back Cover Third Cover 44 46 68 09 Third Cover 44 46 57 62 57 67 70 60 71 5 52 68 66 69 65 59 4 56 3 6 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. mmniivikim^ THE R. H. MACY DEPARTMENT STORE BUILDING BROADWAY, 34th AND 35th STS., NEW YORK, N. Y. THE LARGEST FIREPROOF BI4ILDING IN THE WORLD THE ROEBLING SYSTEM OF FIREPROOF FLOORS THROUGHOUT THE ROEBLING CONSTRUCTION CO. NEW YORK CHICAGO CLEVELAND PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS SAN FRANCISCO THE ROEBLING SYSTEM OF FIREPROOFING IS THE RECOGNIZED STANDARD Ube Vol. XI APRIL, 1902 No. 3 THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. INTRODUCTION. ' I "* HE first building that brought Mr. Flagg into prominence was the new St Lul-ce's Hospital, on Morningside Heights, in New York City. Roughly speaking that is an affair of a decade ago. Rarely has an architect been so fortunate as to make his debut upon so monumental a stage, and a student of architectural his- tory might be pic^ued to inc|uire whether this unusual opportunity was not merely a gift of chance, were he not estopped by the archi- tectural worth of the building itself, and bv the rapid professional successes that followed it, won by its author in a series of works, which in volimie at least, represents a marked achievement even in these days of big "architectural plants," and large "outputs." Omitting for a moment the "personal factor," the explanation of both the initial opportunit)- and the subsequent success is to be found in the fact that Mr. Flagg brought to his task a very thorough preparation obtained at the Ecolc des lieaux Arts. Mr. Flagg was fortunate in that he brought that particular train- ing to this country at that particular moment, thus joining a small coterie of architects possessed of a professional equi])ment similar to his own — men of "the School" whose work in the beginning of the "Nineties" was coming into style, that is coming to possess high commercial value. Our architecture at that moment was in a transitional condi- tion. The "Romanesque Movement" derived from Richardson, was running feebly to its impotent conclusion. It was in its very Copyright, 1!102, by "The Architectural Record Co." A]\ Itights Reserved. Entered as "Second-Class Matter" in the Post Office in .\'e\v Yorli. X. Y. THE WORKS OP ERNEST FLAGG. last stage. Practitioners were struggling to throw off the heavy archaic handwriting the)- had so laboriously acquired (luring the preceding decade and over, and in the main were turning for novelty to the "classic" of Rome and to the Renaissance. It is in- teresting now from an historical point of view to study designs like that of Post's Plavemeyer Building on Cortlandt Street, or R. H. Robertson's Corn Exchange Bank, to see the new tendency and the old habit struggling one with the other. The new Neth- erlands Hotel, the Metropolitan Telephone Building, the Mutual Reserve Building were recent expressions of an expiring faith, whereas from designs such as those of the Bowery Savings Bank, the Waldorf Hotel, the "Mail and Express" Building, the Herter residence, the John Jacob Astor residence, we obtain some idea of the many directions in which novelty was sought. The conditions of modern architecture do not permit or at least do not favor a general style and the Romanesque movement even at its height was signalized not only by the nuriiber of its adher- ents, but by the contrasting achievements of the nonconformists. But although we cannot hope for a commonly accepted style, there is always observable a tendency towards some centre of design, and in the early "Nineties" when Mr. Flagg entered practice he was extremely fortunate in bringing with him those particular architectural ideas that were destined in the next ten vcars to attract the profession, catch the public eye and become the basis of the latest "current style." Others before Mr. Flagg had en- joyed the benefits of the Ecole des Beaux Arts training, but as was the case with the elder Hunt and with Richardson this training was merch' their schooling, and in much of the work of the former and in still more of the work of the latter, one might easily miss all trace of the Parisian academic training. In Mr. Elagg's case, however, as in the cases of a few other "Beaux Artists" the importation is obvious. No one, not even the man in the street, can possibly mistake, say, the Scribner Building or the Singer Building, for anything but Parisian in general form and spirit, and even in such cases as, let us say, the homelike Clarke residence on Riverside Drive, New York City, or the splendid Iniildings for the Naval Academy, at .\nnapolis, :Maryland, no one at all instructed THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. would hesitate for a moment in saying that, despite a foreign accent, such things speak French ver}' well. It must not be imagined that in describing as "importation" the ideas and training underlying this work, there is any intention to disparage. Those ideas and that training are technically considered the best the world to-day affords. They have a vitality and reality cjuite unmatched. If there be a distinctly modern style of value as fine art it is the French, however much one may be inclined to quarrel with it. In turning from the Romanesc|ue and the Classic to Modern French, American archi- tects directed their thoughts, at any rate, from the dead to the living, from a style archaic and obsolete that had entirely passed from the world with the conditions that produced it, to a style "foreign" it may be, but alive, producing its examples and capable of contemporary explanation. Of course, fictitious in a sense, the modern French style must always be for our architects, or at any rate, for all who, unlike Mr. Flagg, have not acquired it as their vernacular. And despite the vast amount of work produced in it lately, little is at all ver- nacular. Probably none has more of the native spirit than Mr. Flagg's. With him it is not the French of Stratford-atte-Bow. Herein, no doubt, we have another reason for his rapid success or vogue, for clearly at a time and in a "movement" when all are imitating and most imitating badly, the artist who draws, so to speak, "from the source," possesses a distinct advantage. But neither the timeliness of Mr. Flagg's advent nor the "au- thenticity" of his product in the midst of a widespread imitative movement accounts for the high position he has attained in the ranks of his profession. The designs of few men in the country are more sought for and studied professionally than are Mr. Flagg's. This interest is, perhaps, livelier with men of the rising generation than with the older architects, and the basis of this interest lies in the fact that Mr. Flagg's designs are, if one may say so, so thoroughly professional or technical, have been so obviously arrived at by a special trained process of thought, and are expressed in a manner so thoroughly gram- matical and educated. Flis work is indubitably the work of a THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. man who has thoroughly accepted certain well-detined principles from which he proceeds logically. There is nothing obscure, slipshod, unformulated ; no groping, no obvious experimentation. The result is work wherein ever3'thing seems definitely and pur- posely "placed," and the building-, as you study it, clearly "de- clares itself." One may or may not like the building, one may prefer something more structural, or something more picturesque, but there is no denying that the building before one, such as it is, has been deliberately "done," is organic and logical and repre- sents a clear process of architectural thought and not a number of loose reminiscences forced together in some way onto paper. And there is something very admirable, and, let us add, very French, in this clearness. There is very little work in this countr)' that is so architectural or will stand so well technical analysis as Mr. Flagg's. We sa}' technical analysis advisedly, because in many cases the excellences are more of a technical and formal character than of an imaginative order ; much more likely to ex- cite admiration from the educated than from the popular critic. We hope no one will derive from this any idea that ;\Ir. Flagg's work is "caviare to the general." The intention is to point out one of its distinctive excellences. As a matter of fact, no style to-day is quite so "taking" with the crowd as the modern French. Its very defects are of the sort that attract the public, and Mr. Flagg's buildings do not seem to miss popular appreciation, be- cause they are technically excellent as well as French. But then popular admiration of a design rarely reaches what is really ar- chitectin-e. Finally, we ought to qualify what we have already said by point- ing out that Mr. Flagg is not always French. Witness the F. K. Bourne residence, the admirable Lawrence Library, and his own country place on Staten Island. These show that his thoughts are free enough in other styles, but even here wo may notice the same good qualities of design that distinguish his Parisian mode —logical clearness, freedom from eccentricity and all those irri- tating marks of the uneducated pencil. /-/. JV. Desmond. THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. ^ H !X -^ :n: /:-g O _^ CH Oj o fc '2 _2 o c^ ^ ^ ^ rt es-":i -•^ - -^ T3 w CTi -i' ,^ ==E«^o 3 ^ ^' S ° » g — a- bD'^ a tb « . O -c jq HB u 3HH THE WORKS OF FR.\^nST FLAGC. o Q y, o H O O « J o K o i-H On! J ra rf 2 n o 03 g THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. 2; o CS •z ■< ^ < o PJ H J ►J •z < o o o o H K H O g S H "IJ OJ o M "^ el fe § d r;; ■«-> ^ •CO) .1-1 «^ fr-go a ^-o -^ a « ■« a ffl ■do ,« ■" ctj CS •a 2 ^ s •73 .Q 13 . 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"% bh 'O O 'di; oj-^ o -^ o d : W Eh O ri - .2 ca o ft9 ►J HH "S tfi 13 CC -d o ■" g 5 bfl-d ^ o fa O J H •" J3 .2 . i» a. o g a ::i o fl =a a, ^ g^ ti •« « ,„ ° lla-35 fa o O 0) S "'O 5 " 5 "= 0) § fa ■z *^ ■SS-;^ g ^m ^ u\ tH C5 s^sas*^ fa ^ ,-, § ° "Brt 22 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. v. o y. a.' O « o 5 H 2 •? ^ s 1 1 c •-: too" THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. 23 ^\ I I [fb . 1. ITJiJUN.^UL i"«M UiiU p^^^ ra-* » L ( -I. J FIG. 20. PLAN OF ST. MARGARET MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, PITTSBURG, PA. This plan is of a different type from St. Lulte's, New Yorli. In this case, there is an abundance of comparatively inexpensive land. The administration building is in the cen- ter of the group. The private patients' pavilion is to the right of it, and the nurses pavil- ion to the left of it, both on the same axis. Two ward pavilions project at right angles from this central line on one side and the chapel on the other. Provision is made for two more ward pavilions on the side with the chapel. The two staircases and elevators are each in a separate octagonal construction, conveniently placed for all the buildings, but separated from all by fresh air cut-offs. Like St. Luke's Hospital, the wards have light on three sides but in this case the windows are in the two long sides and one end, while m the other the windows are in one long side and two ends. Every pavilion can be completely Isolated from the rest and the air can circulate freely around each. The ward dependencies are much less extensive than at St. Luke's. The water closets are placed in detached turrets at the side of the ward pavilions. 24 THE ARCHITECTUR4L RECORD. o a (U OJ ^ 5 OJ O rt S — • cj d g pq ^ S 2 : g a 5- 3 ! ^ "9^ o o a> rt _• (/3 Qj . 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H [1 d d d d CC r-. n r| ki 44 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. THE WORKS OF ERNEST ELACG. 43 ■" o a H i2 46 TJ-IR ARCniTECTURAl. RECORD. MILLS HOUSE NO. 2, RIVINGTON STREET. NEW YJRK CITY. ErneEl Flagg and \V. B. Chamb?rs, Architects. This bui'ding is situated at the corner ol Rivington and Chrystie streets It is built of the same liinds of materials as the Mills House No. 1. but is somewhat less than half its size. The internal arrangement is very much like that of the Bleccker street house There are accommodatirns for 000 guests. THE WORKS or F.RXF.ST FLAGG. 47 P S o J J o I-' o o J <; Bi H z H o 48 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. ••CT M-::^i.*.:^.i-'. FIG. 45. FIRE-ENGINE HOUSE IN GREAT JONES STREET, NEW YORK CITY, The building occupies two lots. II is built of Indiana limestone and red brick. The cor- nice Is of copper, supported by wrought-iron brackets. The brickwork is laid up with wide jolDts, and the face brick, as in all Mr. Flagg's later work, bonds with the rough brick backing. The brickwork of the coves at either side of the large window is an inter- esting and very fine specimen cf bricklaying. The erst of the building was about .$40,000. THR WORKS OP ERNESr PL. ICG. •■19 FIG. JIJ. FIRB-ENGIXE HOUSE IN 17UTH STREET. Ernest Flagg and W. B. Chambers, Architects. The building occupies a 25-foot lot. It resembles the Great Jones street house in de- sign and construction, except that the brick is light yellow instead of red. 50 THE ARCHlTECTfRAL RECORD. 2 THE WORKS OF ERNEST ULAGG. ^-~-L.-lrv--j-il SlJCOND FLOOR PLAN KESIDENCE. MKS ALFRED COkWINi. 'I.aRK. RIVEKSIDH DRIVE aND S^lh SI' N'EVV VORK FIRST FLOOR PLAN. RESIDENCE. MRS ALFRETl CORNINn CLARK. RIVERSIDE DRIVE AND '^ath ST NEW VORK FIG. AS. PLANS OF A HOUSE FOR THE CLARK ESTATE. RIVERSIDE DRIVE AND SiJTH STREET. This house occupies a plot of ground of irregular shape, but whose principal dimensions are about 140 feet by 175 feet. The body of the building ia about 70 feet wide and 80 feet lonf. The drawing room and library are each 22 feet wide and the hall is 18 feet wide. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. FIG. 4:1. MAIN ENTRANCE, RESIIJENCE OF MRS. ALFRED CORNING CLARK, S:)TH STREET AND RIVERSIDE DRIVE, NEW YORK CITY. THE WORKS OF ERNEST FL.-IGG. 53 FIG. 50. SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. New Britain, Conn. Ernest Flagg, Aicliitect. 54 THI- -IRCnrniCTURAL RliCORD. .\(J. , EAST 7-1) cTKEET. FIG. TpI. residence of 0. O. JEXNIXGS, ESQ. NEW YORK CITY. Ernest Flagg and "VV. B. Chambers. Architects. The facade is 2S feet wide, built of Indiana limestone. The rcof is of copper and slate. The alternate stone courses on the lower story are vermiculaled. The entrance doors are a beautiful example of wood carving. THE n ORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. 5S FIG. 52. PL.'VN OF THE M.VIX FLOOR, RESIDENCE OF. O. G. JENNINGS, ESQ., NO. 7 E.4ST 72D STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Ernest Flagg and W. B. Chambers, Architects. The lot measures 2S by 100 feet. The drawing room is 25 feet wide and .31 feet long. The library is 20 feet wide and 21: feet long. Considering the size of the lot, the interior of the house appears very spacious. The building is fireproof. 56 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. **''i^l ^,^2^ PIG. 53. STAIRCASE OF I.NDIANA LIMESTO.VB, RESIDENCE OF O, G. JENNINGS, ESQ. NO. 7 EAST T2D STREET. NEW YORK CITY. Ernest Plagg and W. B. Chambers, Architects. THE WORKS OF liRSEST FLAGG. d7 58 THE AKCHlTECTi'RAL RECORD. PIG. 55. H.\LL IN RESIDENCE OF O. G. JE.M.XIXGS, ESQ., NO. 7 EAST T2D STREET, NEW YORK CITY. THE WORKS OF F.RXEST FLAGG. 59 H P Z > < M trt u 5 _ lO d H ^ O C4 fc H 6o THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. H P Z > Z o a H H H « H O o ^ fi O ^ >; := o p: r u H Q « o > o M THE WORKS OF ERXEST FLAGG. 6i FIG. ."S. PLANS OF RESIDENCE OF R. FULTON CUTTING, ESQ., lliTH STREET AND MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. The lot is ii leet wide and lOQ teet long. About one-half of the ground floor is given up to the kitchen and its dependencies. The entrance to this section is at the rear on Madison avenue. The main entrance is on GTth street. The den and billiard room adjoin the en- trance hall on this floor. On the first floor the three principal rooms are handsomely decorated and unusually large for the size of the house. The drawing room occupies the GTth street end, the dining room Is in a similar position at the other end, and the library is between them on the Madison avenue side. 62 THE ARCHlTliCrURAL RECORD. 55 o I— ( fa THE WORKS OF ERNEST ELAGG. •>3 ft a p > < O m -t Q % Q W « <3 >. m — H ■§ ^ ^" " a H o N P '3 s '^ H o O w o ?^ a Q r/i H « 2 64 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. THE WORKS OF ERNEST ELAGG. H FIG. {i2. PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR, RESIDENCE OF EDWIN GINN, ESQ., WINCHESTER, MASS. The hall is IS leet wide. The music room is about 25 feet wide and .3.5 feet long. The library and dining room are each 20 feet wide and 25 feet long. The circular vestibule, 18 feet in diameter, is an effective feature. 66 TUP. ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. i « s 0;^ ^ ■^^ S m e^ 5 UJ — I w ^ S « "^ 2 g: w t/j W ^a^ ffi •r^ o o ( ; F' ^ d) y, i2 ^ p ra "^ rt p: »£ 03 a w w y. ^SSI y. m =« '^ rt o ;> [i Q [x, ^g^s £:'0 S W O ■?55« y. w "S-^o^ n Vi ^"^"i H %x>a « J J ^ ,„■"« °.2 ^ to g o a) a ■ ScJ=- •^ „, i- s-Sss o ,cl -^ 0) ;3 E oJ^a- ■S s S g ■S 2 0) K o ■" ^' 55 M . . ;=: oj cs ^ 3«:.2 t- r; J2 tC " « THE irORKS OF ERNEST ri.ACG. 67 o E 0) rQ M +-• ^ W) H C O P H 7-. « o m o H o z H O CO H ft; a p 0) he O <1J -* [A B 0) JO ,Q O fl y CO S 60 rt W) ft ^ ''"St."" ° 9. s ^ S £ V " m 0) M -S 68 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. H J O a o H z o m o z H g H S THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. 69 H < Q C5 (D 0) fe 1=1 w H t*. Y. . CU ,\ H ^^ ^ Q < ^ (-, o t-i OJ tr" THE WORKS OF EKXEST FL.IGG. 71. p « p o m t^ CD H 0> C J ^ y; jd w P- r/? -^ W is fc; -m ^ >^ r| OJ p: ,a --rl CC w RD. o ^ ti o CO) o CI ja o > E a o Q H O y. H Q H K O H ?^ W fa o ?; <; J « o o fa ° M en • o o c CI '^ 0) (D t- M t- a o M i-H -M S (U t- O r1 O £ OrS i -CI ■-C10 ° 0, TS-O S J C M ofa , a J : tM -^ t3 a ° 2 H^ Oi MS » "^ m ir .2 cd ^ ^ O lis- C 2:; H ; J _D ^ +-' CD — td a* ..Is -p o c ^== S ai Qj g 0) t- -"£ M. 4 ■- (0 f. C " £ £ <= " o o rt cfl t- f- O .c CO OJ fO t> C4 ri H X t^ t« ; ^ o O O r bo « ■- 5"= 5 „ OJ nj w .9 & oi'S p^ m IJ (ij be S5 o ^ .- m Qj n 5 .c "^ +J g o c 0. ■ 5 0) s<^' a ^ *- 1) 5 ot-^a THE JVORKS OF ERNEST FLACG. // I— I 7S Tim .IRCHITIICTI'RAL RECORD. o o a c; a o H o y, w Q w H K J 2 5 THE irORKS OF ERXEST ELAGC. 79 .> f J ^H ^ i=i d o 'r" rd W -: n^ a SJ o a p; ^ > o td GJ SO o o o o; . -ci.t:; y. 5- "^ fl a- n H- y. s« ^.2 |.2 -1 %% o H a is I.J rt :3 b M H a "! — ; Q H ^ .2 '^ ° y. 03 a H 5? fe W) o O ■^ o 9 -d ItI ^ -^ o M a OJ 0) /, ■^ W) > w CI ' 2^ Q rjl wi" 'i^ Q o ri « Oj bJ3 '^ d o o ^. ^^e Ol bfi cc , ?^ fl r1 U «-l i: TS O O ; a '^ i fl TO dj 0) -■ QJ 1i a. t/( CD a» nd ^ 8o THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. o o K W O H O /^ H Q m W « H y. w o o THE WORKS OF ERXEST FLAGG. FIG. 78. WATER TOWER AND STABLES, RESIDENCE OF ERNEST FLAGG, DONGAN, S. I. FIG. 79. WATER TOWER, RESIDENCE ERNEST FLAGG, ESQ. THE ARCmTECrURAL RECORD. THE XAVAL ACADE.MY DESIGNS. Regarding the drawings of the Naval Academy herewith given, it is proper to sa)' that some of them represent modifications in tlie original plan which have come about through further stud_v and changes necessitated by the increase in size recjuired for the marine engineering course. Originally the marine engineering course was followed only by cadet engineers ; now it is taken by all the cadets, and this change involved a much larger building. The building is located directly back of the Academic Building on the original I)lan. The Library and offices for the administration were to have been in the Academic Building. As the new Marine Engineering Building would shut in the Librar)-, it was thought better to make a separate building for it, and place it near the basin on the north- east side of the campus directly opposite the chapel. The Officers' Mess, which was to have been at the right of the chapel as one faces the campus, has been placed at the end of the main row of officers' houses. The Administration Building was to have been at the left of the Chapel as one faces it from the campus. This has now been placed to the right of the Chapel. The building to the left is the residence of the superintendent. The superintendent was to have occupied an old Colonial building which was formerl}- the residence of the gn the first floor, which can be entered from the terrace in front of the house, are the principal rooms of entertainment. 'Jdie dining-room is at the southwest side ajid is circular. The second and third floors contain the bedrooms. The Administration Liuilding at the other side of the chapel resembles the superintendent's residence in appearance, and the size is identical, but it has no court\'ard, and the architect has given it more the appearance (jf a jjuljlic building, while preserving the same Inilk and general outline. The circular room on the first floor, which corresponds to the dining-room in the superintendent's residence, is the meeting room for the .\cademic lioard. THE irOliKS OF URN EST PL. -ICC. 83 In rc-arraiiijint;- the t^roii]) i)f 1)uililini;s wliicli occuin- the f(5rnici- site of the Academic lluikhiic;-, the architect has made the most of the new Marine Engineering liuikhng. In order that this mav be seen from the campus he placed the Academic Building (now greatly reduced in size) on one side of the ccjurt, and the Plivsics and Chemistry Buikling cju the other, retaining the ( )l)servatory Tower in its original place, but detaching it from all the other buildings. We show a plan of this grouj), and an elevation showing the ends of the Physics and Chemistry Building, the Academic Building, the Observator)' Tower, and the Marine Engineering Building in the background. This latter building is at a lower level, there being a road between it and the group just mentioned. As this Marine Jingineering liuilding contains shops, storage rooms, etc., it is somewhat suliordinated to the two buildings which stand at either side of the courtyard, and which are used strictl}- for academic purposes. This subordination is effected by placing it at a lower level than that of the main courtyard, from which it is separated by a sunken road. The Librar_\', of which plans and elevations are given, is to stand in the center of the river side of the campus. On the side towards the campus, the building is preceded by a terrace from which the main portico is reached. This opens upon a lobby, which con- tains a staircase at either end. Beyond the lobby is the main read- ing-room which overlooks the river, TIu stack rooms ])roject from the main body of the building on either side. ( )n the second floor is to be the rooms of the Xaval Institute. It only remains to speak of the OiTlcers' Mess. This is a long narrow building at the end of the main row of officers' houses and opposite the gvmnasiuni. It has been moved from the place (U-iginally assigned for it near the i'h)'sics and Chemistry Build- ing, to the water side of the southeast end of the grounds, at the southwest of the parade ground. The football field will be between the gymnasium and the officers' mess. The C)fficers' Mess is used siimewhat as a club house, and contains a billiard room, reading- room, card room and various dependencies on the ground floor, while on the two floors above are suites for bachelor officers and for guests. The gymnasium plan is not yet sufficiently worked out for illus- tration. These notes with others accompanying the illustrations will make clear the ])urpose and general scheme of the extensive and noble group of buildings.- 84 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. r e-a . ; B- -■^iii!^X"-fi- ,jw',)-J • ••■tp. '-. B' ...J ;;rrn"ij:: tM;j ■{._•;.;.; ,J-iinSia u o ^ -iS -^ 6 ■§ o -5 3 esape OCCU Colo ondit rem & Fh '^ F1 - - c^ "^ rt ^ -nS - <« ?^ d 5g ..SH'ZbHS o a ?^ irl M oj r5 ' a a- 2(6 fl a- oj "^ J -S _ ■- -, M bx; r?::; ;Z| .- ; .5 ?^ ? oi : -1^ - J3 OJ 5 o ^ ^ o ^ So -c tH -*^ a; -^ ^ H '♦^ d o m t^ r- M ^ m^ 1 a- Q -^ Is Ei *^ CO *J — -73 3 ;>, < I- o a c^ r^ ^'^^ ■ =3 S O O p ^ C^ X <3j H ni 1^ d t>> a> K* ss !-, CD T- " '^ ,d a> -< 25||2.|S ;?'. go ° M S ■« "^^ P ^"^ 'A OJ ■o .9 1, ° 2 -a -^ Oi ;:x S ■= fl :" £ S f o^ , ^ ,— ' r- t:: cc -^ bi) o ^ ^ ^ r o j2 J rtftwj O™ hT^iD-Cl -^ ■-1 cd ^■3b£S-S£- oi " fl E 5 p " -3 ^ a H ^ < ?: -Q H CD O OJ <1 3 !^ 5a 2 • i3 »j ^ ; o o^r d o. 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"3 a w d .2 ^ ^ cd n) CD CU ^. H ra ^ ^ 00 ^8 3 a CO THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. 89 r1 O a ii TO ■W r" ^ ni _ t- "^ '3 o -) to fd s " <0 i'O s O i » S °'° a) S ^ o 3 2 fl O d *"" a. 2 S'S =11 i§ « 3 tH t, S to 5 rt 53 ^ O ^ f3 rC^ B H o^ o -" a o " m . 3 2 dm P w t-, 13 QJ O P CO '^ r— ? J o p W ;::: .!^ 3 ', 'u tJ QJ t- •o •= ^' 8 ■? 3 '? th a fa 'y — - ^, j_l tH o nj i a; ft.^ =^ -S ^ w p, ■ „ w o n] 'Ci .2 ^ *j O -^ rt 1^ 'I' l-H (J tT3J «w OJ i' S W "°g3l| o m O a Z- -^ — ' ^ o w ca rt J (D H o a . ^ -r .t; ^ OJ q 3 ^ '^ a s ^ .t^ ^ 53 -^ " a w y cS N J3 ►-I .^ ^ O -H « ■^ ^ a, ^ "^ re rl O CQ p M Ss « ^ s s « S S is 5 J-- -^ - -,' _;J ^ ■ ' P i ; ■■TTt'' " - [ ;j -< . .'■ :■«■ ^" i^!^ *''^* 'l£ Q . : ' 1' } [ ^ . 1 F" j jjf < J> ■- .-.:,,,, i'-'-i --■-* i- -JK H !■ ■(■' ^i. _L It ' sii m 1 ii i ^ -■ ^ •:^t '^r ■1 jii' ': r - i^ -J - rri i f^-- %■- -3; - *• -^ ; ' '■ H 1 \ Jl y. 1 ""} z — ^ ■ ■' r w :■ '""'L, -,- .- ^ t... i 1 ' ^ n !: . . i y. (1 i; -' . « ..'--^ ■ 1 I H -, ,, ■ 1 ! H j| ;,; ■ '"nT^TH i J, 3 z M ' 1 .fSrfe^ - -•« , 5 ' ■' *!"'' -"' :^.- ^' i ;, a m , . 1 K KL^ S - J ; ji| : j ■ [ i * P-, :i * • ' , ' :i •; •■ ffi ; ^ , . i" fc i !■: -'. 3.1 [ '" '[ ' j 1 i' 1 t ;: M '• <; ^ ( ! ■ V J M >- - ...Jz",;"; J . J CM fi 00 KSeaHETSr?^ - — -""■ -' fc 92 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. o y, 5 y, o O « y D H o o y, o o THE irORKS OF ERNEST FLACG. 93 94 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Q o a, H n T" J o Q y. « o o rt" o o O C5 E fr :^ n t- t ri bi 1 4 — J- -I— « o o J p o o H &. o Z; < THE Jt'ORKS OF ERXEST FLAGG. 95 It; %j 1u^_ I r ';■ I -i I I ® CTr~2 ,« * ^S>'i 'w ©I"'' ©1-+: yd k i ►J o PM <; ?^ 2; o 2 96 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. J o z o fa THE WORKS OF ERNEST FLAGG. 97 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. I ■ i n ; r I. J— *<„, , ..v„„.. liL 1^1 'i4m I nil tt: Hi ^ i -1 ^i. J,. -Ml . ^""^^MlMfiJz!:^ PIG. 95. PLAN OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AND ACADEMIC BUILDINGS, ANNAPOLIS. THE irORKS OF ERNEST FLACG 99 a tn o PL, < y. g 3 B cq « w W o P C3 100 THE ARCHITECTl'RAL RECORD. ^m=fr:— '■— i*lS^ ;! ^.1 ^ -a-I-.-T-.c:-,-.-:.- ^m' ;bc, - \ \ ifiizn f -.lii^iyrird \ M THE irORKS OF ERNIIST PL, -ICC. 101 102 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. m S o THE JJ-ORKS OF ERNEST TLACG. 103 of. o9 M- ""-si s?' rt IK rq JJ > i ; fcj) ' (u . o o '' ^ 2 aja JO'S ja = « s. I04 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Q « o o Z o o 4 o o M o TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT- THE WORK OF THE (iEXERAL CONTRACTOR. University Club. McKim, Mead &. White, Architects. C. T. Wills, Builder. As our building operations become more complex and expensive, new agencies must be employed to render them more effective. With the in- creased cost of structures has come the necessity for more perfect me- chanical appliances for handling ma- terials, a more highly developed sys- tem of operating, and more effective capacity for handling men in large numbers. A few years ago the con- struction of a million dollar building was regarded as a great undertaking, but to-day there are numerous build- ings in New York the cost of which involved the expenditure of several millions. The modern builder is not onlv architect, but engineer and artisan as well. In the field of construction he is an operator whose training demands the manipulation in a ])road and general way of the whole operation, and the handling of the minutest details as well. One of the most flattering evidences of confidence in a builder is to have a contract awarded him on the merit of his work rather than the fact that he is the lowest bidder. This speaks far more than any testimonial that was ever written, for is shows in the most practical wa}' that his work is worth more to a client at a higher price than that of his competitors. Such a compliment was recentlv paid to ^Ir. Charles T. Wills, and no man has taken so large a part in revolutionizing the building trade of New York. After the plans for the New York Stock Exchange were finally accepted, the question came up as to who should have charge of the construction. Some of the committee suggested that the work be let to the lowest bidder, but this suggestion was not received favorably by the majority. They preferred to place the important work in the care of a builder whose works are ac- cepted as the highest type of building construction. Represent- ing an expenditure of three million dollars, with its construction embodying the highest achievements of modern engineering skill, the Building Committee of the Exchange were unanimous in choosing for this important work ;Mr, Charles T. Wills, and the architect, Mr. George B. Post, heartily endorsed their selection. io6 THIi JRCHITIlCri'RAL RECORD. Residence, H. T. Sloane. Esq. Carrere & Hastings, Architects. C. T. Wills, Builder. The class of buildings being erected to-day is different from the character of the buildings ten ^ears ago, and each one presents a special problem. The builder of to- dav must be both engineer and archi- lect. He must bring to bear on the difficulties which confront him a trained mind with superior powers of organization and fertilit_v of resource. Tluilding in Xew York has from the Ijeginning been regulated b)' economic considerations. Ever since the cit}- acquired metropolitan char- acteristics the work of the builder has been increasing in importance. In no other cit}' in the world has so much capital been used in producing residences and structures dedicated to commercial and pleasure pursuits. The yearly cost of building in the city of New York amounts to more than the yearly cost of the food for its inhabitants. So the builder is prominent in the metro- politan field. The cause for this is not far to seek. The enor- mous increase in land values and the improvements made in build- ing construction have turned the buildings erected in New York thirty years ago into simple encumbrances. It is not an unusual thing in New York to see a handsome commercial building torn down to make room for a modern sky-scraper, which will prove more profitable. In less than twenty-five vears a new architecture has been introduced and perfected among us that has practi- cally revolutionized all previous methods of construction. The prob- lems that confront the builder to-dav are of such a widely different char- acter from all that the world has ever known before, that they constitute a new era of engineering science. And it is because they are the most varied and difficult problems that anv build- er ever had to face, because they ne- cessitate greater knowledge, experi- ence, skill and resources than any nation of builders ever had, oV The singer Building. dreamed of having, that no fair- ^ITchit'e'"^*'' ^uiil^r'"' THE WORK OF THIl GENERAL CONTRACTOR. 107 minded judge would hesitate to accord tlie modern New York builder the very foremost place in all the history of his profession. The high buildings in New York to-day are the architectural fea- tures of the citv. That they are the safest in the city one has only to inquire the rates of insurance on them to know. The difficulties both of design and construction encountered in our new public and commercial architecture would fill pages, but our builders have attacked the problems of tower construction, overcome every ob- stacle and silenced every opposing voice. They have erected more imposing structures and contributed more new knowledge of con- structive engineering than the world had learned in centuries before. \\'e shall not attempt to describe all the work that Mr. Wills has done, or even allude to the most important of his contracts. From his 'prentice days he has had a liking for the more serious prob- lems of the structural arts, and his ability to overcome olistacles The New York Stock Exchange. Geo. B. Post, Architect. C. T. Wills, lUiilder. that would be the despair of less able men has secured him the favor and liking of the most prominent architects. To-day it re- (juires that the contractor shall be not only a man of the most unquestioned finanical responsibility, but also one of superior organizing powers and fertility of resource to meet the difficulties that are sure to arise, and which cannot be foreseen. Mr. Charles T. Wills has carried out a surprising number of important con- tracts, including the finest office buildings, club houses, railway depots, residences, apartment houses, churches, factories and theatres, and to-day, has many large contracts on hand for office buildings particularly. Among his numerous new contracts we must not forget the building to be erected on the corner of Pme Street and Nassau, which will be an addition of which New York- may well be proud. RECEXT P,l-TLDTX(;. "BILTMORB." Country House of Geo. W. Vanderbilt, Esq. Richard Morris Hunt, Arcliitect. The requirements for a builder are twofold : Mrst, he must possess a comprehensive and practical working knowledge of the build- ing trades and all the iDranches thereof; and, second, he must have made a good record for himself. The mammoth strides that have been made in the past twenty and even ten years in the building business, not only in the extent of work done, but in the character and efficiency of that work as well, have caused the development of the modern builder's resources to an extent which makes this profession one of the most exacting and honored of the day. For the education of the builder, there is only one ade- quate school, /. c, the building. College training will help him little in the practical work of construction and superintendence. A piece of terse advice on this subject given the writer by a prominent builder is worth quoting: "Take a boy with a good common school education, give him a little higher mathematics, a year or two in an architect's office, and then put him on the building. He can't expect to know it all before he goes there, and must pick it up as he goes along. It's the only way." The builder's responsibility is greater than that of the architect, not only in the matter of fulfilling his contract, but in the question of his own remuneration, for while the architect's fee is fixed and ordinarily certain, the builder's profit is often a matter of more or less anxious conjecture until his job is finished. Thus, it is obvious that in order to conduct his business on anything like a large scale, he must be able to command a large amount of capital. Fortunate, indeed, is the builder whose reputation is so well es- tablished that his contracts are not necessarily the results of his bids having been the lowest. This, to him, means success. One of the best and most noticeable features of the modern ex- pansion in building operations in the United States is the growth of the country house. Time was, and not so many years ago, when the American coimtry house, although ever so large and comfortable and delightful, could b)- no means rival, from an archi- RECllKT BUILDIXC, 109 Residence. Hon. Levi P. Moitou. MeKim, Mead & White. Aretiitects tectural point of view, tlie villa of Itah^ or the chateau of France. But with the great increase in prosperity following the Civil War, and its attendant inspiration to culture and refinement, men sought to expend their sur- plus wealth in the erection of country residences on a scale of elegance and gran- deur that should far out- class anything of the kind that this country had ever known. Following the old world plan, many of these palatial homes have become not merely architectural features of the landscape, hut also literal storehouses of art treasures and em- bodiments of every luxury and delight which modern ingenuity has devised. Chief among the more recent of these private buildings is the magnificent home of ( ieo. W. A'anderbilt, at Biltmore, N. C. There is a chain of fortuitous circumstances connected with this building which have comljiiied to make it remarkable in many ways. In the first place it seems particularlv appropriate that Mr. Vanderbilt, one of the wealthiest men in this country, a man of artistic and studious temperament, preferring the beautv and quiet of rural life to the gayety and whirl of the town, should dream of building the finest private residence in the United .States, if not in the world. Then it was eminently fitting that Mr. Vanderbilt should select for his architect the man who, probably, above all others, was (lualitied to design such a building, the father (with Richardson) of the Beaux Arts in this country — Richard Alorris Hunt. And once again was it fortunate that the man upon whose shoulders should rest the responsibility of executing this glorious creation of the Master Architect's mind, the man to solidify into stone, so to speak, the refined and carefully adjusted ideas of the designer should be Francis J\T Weeks, of the long-established firm of D. C. Weeks & Son. It is surely a pleasant commentary on the well-known story of the building of Biltmore, that, during all the five long years of its construction (which l\Ir. Weeks spent for the most part in the saddle) owner, architect and builder worked together in harmony no THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. that was peculiarly in keeping with the character of the building as it stands to-day. It may readily be supposed that Biltmore was not the only large contract that T\'Ir. Weeks executed from the designs of Mr. Hunt. A relationship such as existed between these two men could have been severed by but one thing, and in this case, when the sad day came, the relationship was but transferred from the father to the son. Biltmore was the last, in son^e res]X'Cts the greatest of Mr. Hunt's w'orks. He barely Hved to see it completed. In previous years Mr. Hunt has designed the country house of Mr. Archibald Rogers at Hyde Park, N. Y., and also the town resi- dence of Mr. C. O. D. Iselin at 53d street and Fifth avenue, New York City, and the man chosen to erect these buildings was the fu- ture builder of Biltmore. Within the last five years Mr. Weeks has built three large country houses in quick succession — all from the designs of Richard Howland Hunt, wdio, during the last years of his father's life, was the latter's only pupil. The first of these resi- dences was that of Oliver Harriman at White Plains, N. Y. ; the second was for Richard Mortimer in Tuxedo Park, and the other is the home of Mr. Vanderbilt — Idle Hour, at Oakdale, L. I. Among the many fine New York City residences erected by the same builder are the Hon. Levi P. Morton's house at 681 Fifth ave- nue, designed by McKim, Mead & White, and the King residences at Nos. 16, 18 and 20 East 84th street, owned by Mr. Geo. Gordon King and designed by Clinton & Russell. For the last-named architects Mr. Weeks was also the builder of the Morton Building at the corner of Nassau and Ann streets, New^ York City. An- other office building wdiich should not be excepted in this partial list of the work of a famous buider is the Anderson Building, 14 and 16 John street, near Broadway, of which J\Ir. R. S. Townsend was the architect. These three different classes of buildings, viz. : the large country house, the fine city houses and the high office building presented new and varied fields of building operations, and the man who would successfullv master them all must needs have much experience. That Mr. Weeks remains in the front ranks of modern builders — a rank, by the way, that has been much depleted of late years — has been abundantly proved by his success in the works mentioned. Still other fields, however, bear witness to the fruits of his energy and skill. Among the collegiate works that Mr. Weeks has built are Rockefeller Flail at Vassar College, Poughkeepsic, N. Y., \\Iiich was designed by York and Sawyer and the Administration Building of Drew Seminary at Madison, N. J., designed by Bigelow & Wallis. To show the kind of works done by the Weeks family of builders before ^Mr. Francis M. Weeks be- came the head and ruling spirit of the firm, no better examples could be mentioned than that beautiful example of French Gothic at 53d street and Fifth avenue, New York, known as St. Thomas' (Tiurch, and the Old Library Building of Columbus College, C harles C. Flaight, architect, on 49th street, between Madison and Park avenues, New York. ART WORK IN HARDWARE, qOLONlAU DOOJt HANDLE quality of this furniture has ities have increased. Much such things, is the result of a general improve- ment in taste, but much of it also is clue to the di- rect suggestion of lead- ing architects, who urge their clients to fit and furnish their houses either with the best that can be bought abroad, or else with some of the excellent imitations. An architect for, in- stance, will plan a room, or group of rooms in a particular style — say that of the Italian or French Renaissance, and in or- der to carry out that style completely he will An American returning re- cently from abroad, after an absence of some years, re- marked as one of the most conspicuous changes which had taken place during his absence, the increased inter- est of which there was evi- dence on every hand, in the artistic fitting, trimming, fur- nishing and decoration of houses. The amount of old furniture, hangings, and the like, which an observer can see during a visit to the im- portant Fifth avenue and Fourth avenue shops, has probably increased several fold in ten years, and the improved as considerably as its qual- of this larger and better interest in Cartouche for Front Door for O. G. Jenuiug's Residence. Designed by Ernest Flagg. 112 I nil jKcniriicrrKjL kucord. iiileiiui' Duois uf First I''l(ior O. n. JenniiiK's Residence. thc\' do not reacli modern American standards ijf me- chanical efficiency a n d ci iin'enience. And this assertion is pccnliarly Irne of llic Ijiiilders' liardware that goes into the contemporar\' Amer- ican linilding of tile iK-lter class, (Jn tlie one hand, architects demand tliat this hardware shall he designed in lps of Europe ransacked in the search fr)r appropriate and fitting nian- lle-pieces, furniture, tapestries and screens, and the most careful selcctiim is necessary, SM that the different oljjects used will gci well together, and will he characterized 1;)\- the stime ieeling. In si.dne of the fittings of a rormi, hijw- e\er, the uld a])])liances fcjrmerl)' used afjrr)ad etumijt he transferred to this countr)" in the waA- furniture and tapestries are transferred, ]")artlv because there is mucli difHcult\' about transferrino- them intact, Init also, Jtiecanse I lie CoiMji]-, Lock Set, Xn. Uii-I,-,. Xiim,-,u,s 10 out lioor Set. Seliool I^ouis XIV. ART WORK IN HARDWARE. 113 hand, their clients demand that the appHances used shall contain the latest improvements of American ingenuity as appHed to house hardware — that the locks, door-knobs and metal work generally shall not merely be well designed and carefully finished, but that their mechanism shall be simple and effective. Among the firms of the manufacturers of builders' hardware, there are none who are more competent to meet the exacting and diversified recjuirements of contemporary architects than that of P. & F. Corbin, whose offices arc at Nos. 11, 13 and 15 Murray street, and whose large and well equipped factories are at New Britain, Connecticut. The long experience of this firm in the manufacture of this hardware, and the large amount of work that they have done is a sufficient guarantee that their product is of the highest standard in point of mechanical excellence. Moreover, they are keeping well up to the needs of the times, both in their ability, to furnish hardware of admirable design and superior fin- ish, as well as in their ability. to manufacture hardware from special designs supplied by the architects themselves. They are prepared to turn out at the shortest notice and on satisfactory terms any- thing that an architect ma}' need so that the metal work of a room or a house may be in keeping with its other fittings and fur- niture. This demand for special designs is a comparatively re- cent innovation in the business of manufacturing l:)uilders' hard- ware, but it is obviously a demand which is growing, and which must be adec|uately supplied by the leading firms in the trade. It is the full appreciation of this fact which has led P. & F. Corbin to make special exertions to meet this demand in a manner which will be entirely satisfactory to their customers. The large number of important buildings into which the artistic hardware of this firm has already been introduced testify to the quality of its work in the past. Among the buildings in New York City may be mentioned the Empire Building, Kimball & Thomp- son, architects ; The Washington Life Building, Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, architect ; The Park Row Building, R. H. Robertson, architect; the Franklin Building, Clinton & Russell, architects; The Dakota Apartment House, Henry J. Hardenbergh, architect ; Edison Building, Carere & Hastings, architects ; The Shoe and Leather Bank Building, Cady, Berg & See, architects; the Park Building, George B. Post, architect, and the Vanderbilt Building, McKim, Mead & White, architects. It will be noticed that the designers of these buildings include manv of the well-known architectural firms in New York City. Among the metropolitan architects, however, there are none for whom P. & F. Corbin have done so much work as for Mr. Ernest Flagg. This archi- tect's work has been verv varied, and there is no class of structure 114 THE ARCHlTECTrRAL RECORD. in which examples of their metal work is not to be found. Among these buildings may be mentioned: The Singer and the Bourne Otifice buildings, New York City; The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington; St. Margaret's Memorial Hospital in PittslDurg; the Lawrence Library, Pepperill, Mass. ; the First National Bank Building, in Hartford, Conn. ; the residence of F. G. Bourne, Oak- dale, Long Island, and residences for O. G. Jennings, Ernest Flagg, the Clark Estate and Charles Scribner, all in New York City. In almost all of these buildings the hardware was made from spe- cial designs, which is a sufficient indication of the facilities of the firm in turning out this important ami crowing class of work. Designed by E: iie-t r!;-.sc: tcv M^ii;, Entrance of Singer Building A NEW TYPE OF ELEVATOR. SINCE the modern expensive New York residence has tended to become taUer, reaching in some cases as high as six stories, a need has existed for a type of ele- vator which is adapted to the pecnliar con- dition of sucli a building. An elevator in a residence does not need to be large, neither is it being constantly used ; and it seems ab- surd to have a bo)- wasting his time around the house for the greater part of the day, merely for the purpose of operating the ele- vator for twenty or twenty-five trips. In order to meet this need, the "Otis Elevator Company" has been introducing a tvpe of elevator which is operated Ijy the person using it with the help of some ingenious mechanical devices, and which dispense en- tirely with the elevator boy. Elevators of the same kind have been successfully in use in Paris ; but the mechanism of those now being in- troduced by the "Otis Elevator Company" is supe- rior to that of its Parisian analogue. The fact, however, that a similar kind of ele- vator is used in Paris apartment houses suggests the possibility of employing them in small flat houses in New York and other American cities. This elevator is designed to combine perfect safety with the greatest mechan- ical simplicitv and couA-enience. It is a case of "Push the button and the elec- tric motor, with automatic safety devices, does the rest." Any one with intehigence enough to count the buttons in the ele- vator corresponding to the landing or floors of the building, can operate the electric elevator with absolute security. The ])erfecting of the Electric Elevators ii6 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. is another feather in the cap of the "Otis Elevator Company," and it is needless to sav that within the comparatively short time during which they have been used, these elevators have become ex- tremely popular. As stated above, the system of opera- tion is entirely by means of push-but- tons. After entering the car and closing the door, the passenger presses the push-button inside the car, which corre- sponds to the landing at which he de- sires to stop, ami the car takes him there and stops automatically. Simple, isn't it? '"Yes," the reader will say, "that is simple enough. But think of the danger of having an elevator which can be operated from any ffoor. Sup- pose, for instance, the car is at the fourth floor, the landing door is open, and just as I am stepping into the car somebody on the first floor pushes the button, the car descends and I am caught between the under side of the car roof and the un\-ielding floor." In making this o b j e c t i o n, the reader fails to re- meml)er that the elevator we have b e e n describing is manufactured h\ the "Otis Eleva- tor C o m p a n y," which has been making elevators since 1856, which is the leading manufacturer o f elevators in the whole world, and which can truth- fully state that, during all the time it has been in Inisi- A NEII' TYPE OF ELIU'ATOR. 117 ness, not a single passenger has Ijcen seriously or fatally injured. That is a proud boast, and it is all the more wonderful when you take into consideration the fact that in New York alone, the eleva- tors made by the "'Otis Compan)-" carry more passengers than all the New York elevated roads. An accident such as you have imagined is absolutely impossible in one of the '.'Otis Electric Elevators," because as long as the landing door is open, the car cannot be moved, and in addition, the door cannot be opened until the car comes to a full stop at the landing. This is due to a system of automatic door-locking devices connected with the operating mechanism, b\- means of which all danger of falling into the shaft or being struck by the car is eliminated. Furthermore, while the car is in motion, or when it is at a landing, and the door is open, the landing push- buttons are inoperative, allowing full control of the car to its occupant. These safety devices, and the fact that the car is at all times under control of the passengers, does away with the necessity of an attendant, and affords conclusive evidence that the elevator boy will soon be superseded by the push-button in the private residences, as the horse is being superseded bv the auto- mobile. THE C(^LL1-:CTI()N AND DESIGNING OF FURNITURE. iianiciital design for tlie bow of tlio If. S. S. Cruiser Cincinnati. Designed and manufactured by The Hayden Co. The collecting of antique fur- niture began some time ago, when it was difficult to obtain good designs in any other way. \\'ith the gradual improvement of taste, which has been so no- ticeable in many departments of .American life, people who de- sired furniture of simple out- lines and free from superfluous and showv ornament founil the mahogam' and oak pieces dis- carded bv our predecessors so much snpericTr to those of con- tempi irancons maiuifacture, that thev began to make a system- atic search tor them and to buy them wherever they could. This search was a perfectly natural one, and was a justifiable protest against the ugh' forms and the over-elalioration of the current machine-made furniture ; and it has led to radical changes in the de- sign and construction of nuich (.if the furniture that is used in the houses of people of refinement or wealth. The best contemporarv dealers in furniture make a s]iecialty of securing old pieces belong- ing to the best periods of Italian, hrench and iMiglish interior decoration. But this is not all that is re- quired of the best contempor- ary collectors and manufactur- ers of furniture. In an elabor- ate modern residence, all the furnishing of any one room should belong to the same pe- riod, and be plamied to oc- cupy a particular place and to produce a certain effect. It is sometimes very difficult, if not impossible, to find old pieces that meet prccisclv the re- quired conditions, and, as ,1 matter of fact, while there is an abinidance of ordinarN' pieces Ornamental design for tlie stern of the U. S. S. Cruiser Cincinnati. Designed and manufactured by The Hayden Co. THE COLLECTIOX AND DIISIGXIKG OF FURXITURE. 119 Library Table. Designed and manufactured by The Hayden Co. of antique manufacture, it is comparatively difficult and costly to obtain pieces of really rare and distinguished design. The conse- quence is that while dealers and collectors generally prefer the old furniture, because of the quali- ties of the wood, and its sober air of destinction, the more en- terprising of them are not satis- fied merely to collect old ex- amples. They are prepared, not only to copy such pieces with the utmost fidelity and skill, but they make a specialty of de- signing and manufacturing fur- niture, which are as good as the old pieces in outlines and proportions, and which are more precisely adapted to modern needs. The consequence is that both the architects and their cli- ents are tending more and more to give their business to firms and companies that are equal to any emergency in the way of special designs, and who can make in their own shops pieces which they cannot supply out of stock. The dealers in furniture of this class are obliged consequently to have a most diversified and complete organization. They are prepared at once to carry out the designs of architects, to interpret the ideas of customers, and to assume the responsibility them- selves for the entire furnishing and decoration of the most elab- orate houses. Tliev have in their draughting rooms designers who have devoted their lives to the study of the forms and proportions of good furniture. They have in their shops workmen, who have been in their employ for years, and who are in sympathy with their methods. They can control the pieces of furniture they turn out to the smallest detail of their design ; and as every one knows, perfection of detail is supremely necessary in the interior arrange- ments of a house. They are prepared, in addition to su]5pl)'ing fur- niture, to do all kinds of archi- tectural cabinet work, and if de- sired, the decorative painting and drapery of a house. Such organization cannot be put to- gether in a few months ; it must be the growth of many years, and the product of good taste, labor, study and &^ "^ '^^ Sideboard. experience. Designed and manufactured by It is safe to sav that among The Hayden co. 120 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. KU^H the furniture dealers, designers and makers of the kind above-de- scribed, the work of none is more generally and favorably known than that of "The Haj'den Company." This company formerly oc- cupied a building on the Stewart property, on the north side of 34th street, near Fifth ave- nue : but the destruction of the buikhng to make way for a more modern structure, has prompted the removal of the company to. still more desir- able quarters at 520 Fifth avenue, between 43d and 44th streets. It has done work for many of the best archi- tects in the city — among them Mr. Ernest Flagg, who awarded them contracts for a large part of the work in the residence of Air. Fredk. ,G. Bourne, at Oakdale, L. I. ; in that of Mr. A. C. Clark, on Riverside Drive, and in the Connecticut Mutual Life In- surance Building, at Hart- ford, Conn. We present herewith illus- trations of some representative work which has been designed and manufactured by "The Hayden Co." Of this work there is none which has met with more general approval than the orna- mental decoration which it has furnished for the U. S. cruisers, the Cincinnati and Olympia. The ornamental figurehead and stern- piece, which are reproduced in this article were carved in wood for the Cincinnati ; and this decoration was so satisfactory that the design was adapted to suit the different conditions of the Olympia. In the second case bronze was used instead of wood. It is much to be desired that other vessels in the I^. S. navy will be similarly ornamented. Rush-bottomed Chair. Designed and manufactured by The Hayden Co. SOMETHING ABOUT STEFX CONSTRUCTION. Residence, 0. G. JuMiiiings, Esq., 7 'East 72d Street, New Yo;k. Probably the most spectacular and |)opularly interesting- sight connected with modern American architecture is the l)are steel frame of a contemporary "sk-)--scrapcr," before the wall or the flo(jrs are laid. The public have a vague impression that steel construction is the most important American contribu- tion to the art of fireproof building, and this stimulates them to take an interest in a spectacle which is in itself curious and extraordinary. It is alwavs pleas- ant to liave a difficult scientific or engi- neering structure exposed plainly to the view ; and a careful observer can deduce a tolerably complete concep- tion of the purposes and advantages of steel construction from a careful scrutiny of one of the steel skeletons, which may be seen arising every year in the central and lower part of New York. He would notice, for instance, during the first stages of the job that caissons were often sunk to bed rock so as to obtain sufficient- ly secure foundation for the enormously heavy structure that is to be reared above. He would notice also that the columns and gird- ers of the lower stories are much heavier than those above ; and he could not help noticing finally that the walls instead of being liuilt from the ground up, are generally started at different levels, betraying the fact that the walls of each floor are car- ried by the girders, which mark that storv. And he could conse- quently infer the threefold merit of this method of con- struction: (i) that since the walls and partitions are carried on the girders they do not ap- preciably increase in thickness with the height of the building ; (2) that it is the great strength of the material, which permits Connecticut Mutual Building, Hartford, Conn. 122 THIi ARCHrrECTURAL RIICORD. F^ — — "w.;, fc^^^^^Kw^-- ?S ,'^?'l: ^'fl ^1 Connecticut Mutual Building, Hartford, Conn, the structure to be carried to such great heights ; and, (3), that construction is facihtated b)' the fact tliat if the foundations are placed on difficult ground, the load may be concentrated upon the most available points. It is obvious that the problems presented by these steel struc- tures are mainly engineering problems; and that an architect in planning a building of this kind cannot get along without expert engineering assistance. The importance of such assistance can be shown by a short de- scription of some of the condi- tions, which a stable structure of steel must meet. The ar- rangement of the columns, both of the outer walls and of the interior distribution must first be laid out upon a general plan, keeping in mind the gir- der connections, which with columns form the skeleton of the building. Then a plan must be made of each floor, and the area carried bv each column and girder computed. Next, begin- ning at the top, the weight of the roof, with its load of snow or wind is first computed, and since this weight rests tipon the col- umns of the top story they must be proportioned accordingly. In calcu- lating the size of the columns of the floor below, it must be reckoned that they carry the load coming to them from the columns of the top floor, to- gether with the weight of the floor, and its live load ; and this method must be continued from the roof to the foundation. The foundation itself must, of course, be proportioned to the weight of the whole struc- ture. The amount of assistance, which architects receive from engineers out- side their offices in making these cal- culations and in drawing the plans based upon them varies in different cases ; but it is obvious that the work of actually erecting these buildings requires the services of a contractor staircase, Bourne Ofllce Building, New York. SOMETHING ABOCT STEEL CONSTRUCTION. 123 who is also an engineer — a necessity which has led to the increas- ing importance of firms of engineering contractors, who make a specialty of work of this kind. These iirms are prepared either to work in cooperation with architects, and execute their plans for bnildings which require large amounts of structural steel ; or they are prepared, if necessary, to furnish as well as to carry out the designs for given buildings. They are prepared, moreover, to erect such structures in a space of time, which, cimsidcring the amount of material used, and the extent of the structure, seems to be extremely small. They have obtained this facility, and are able freely to handle the heavy steel col- umns and I^eams at considerable heights because of improvements in the form and arrangements of the steam hoisting engines and the other erect- ing machinery, h'or it must be re- membered that the actual work of constructing steel frames offers as many and as complicated and difficult problems as their designing. An of- fice that accepts and performs these jobs on a large scale requires an ex- traordinary amount of expert knowledge and experience, and an organization of the most complete and varied character. One of the most important of these firms of contracting engi- neers is that of JMilliken Bros., with offices in the Bowling Green Building, New York. The house of ]\Iilliken has been established since 1857, although it has been known as Milliken Bros, only since 1887. It is one of the oldest contracting and engineering houses in this country, and has an enviable record for integrity and ability. The amount of work performed by this firm may be gath- ered from the fact that it employs in its main offices alone about one hundred engineers and draughtsmen, and still can scarcely keep abreast of its orders. By means of its excellent organiza- tion and facilities, it can execute orders very rapidl}', turning out the structural steel work for an entire building in five or six weeks. There is no part of the world in which structural and ornamental iron and steel work is used in which it does not do business, for it has branch offices in Honolulu, H. 1. ; San Francisco, Cal. ; Mex- ico City, Mexico ; Havana, Cuba ; London, England ; Cape Town, South Africa ; and Sidney, Australia. The firm designs and con- structs iron and steel work for armories, bridges, docks, office Slai rcase, Bourne Office Building, New York. 124 Tim AKCHITIICTCKAL RECORD. 1)uildings, dwellinos and factories. It is prepared to furnish, be- sides all kinds of structural iron and steel, automatic fireproof and burglar-proof doors, lialconies, balustrades, bell-towers, canopies, chinme^s, smokestacks, derricks, metal elevator enclosures, fire- towers, fountains, gates and all kinds of ornamental work, either from designs furnished in its office or bv the architects. The illus- trations are all taken from the work which this firm has done for Mr. Ernest Flagg, which includes the Singer Building, the Bourne r)uil(ling, the Connecticut Alutual Life Building, the Lawrence Li- brary, and the residence of O. G. Jennings. Among the other buildings, the steel work for which was furnished by the same firm may be mentioned the New Maternity Hospital at Second avenue and 17th street, the Siegel-Cooper Building, Hotel Majestic, Ho- tel Royalton, the N. Y. Clearing House, the Reade St. and Water- side Stations of the lulison Electric Illuminating Co., the Dun Building, and the jMorgenthau Building, 19th street and Sixth ave- nue, all in New York ; the fiftth Street Power Station of the Edison ]{lectric Illuminating Co., of Brooklyn; the Wainright Building, St. Louis; 13th and 14th Regiments' armories in Brooklyn; the Buffalo Street Railway Power Station, the Atlas Portland Cement Company's Building, at Northampton, Pa., the Oahu Sugar Com- pany's Boiler and Grinding Mill at Honolulu, and eight other sugar mill Ijuildings. These facts are the best possible testimony to the ability of the firm to perform its varied \vork cheaply and effi- cientlv. STOXE AS A RUILDIXG MATERIAL. Mills Hotel, Xo. 1 The whole histor)- of architec- lure is a sufficient proof of the as- sertion that there is no great and permanent architecture without the use of stone. The only build- ers who used clay were the Bab^•- lonians and Assyrians; and that is the reason why the architectural remains of their civilization have been ground into dust-heaps in- stead of remaining coniparativelv strong and permanent like the stone monuments of Egvpt. And so it is with the other great building nations. The (ireeks, the Romans, the Mediaeval Frenchmen, and the Italians and Frenchmen of the Renaissance all used stone for their substantial buildings — the buildings that have a permanent place in architectural history. And the reasons are obvious. Stone has the value oi durability. In addition it has the value of being massive and structural. It gives the impression of weight, substance and stability. Finally, it has the value of texture and color. This is an aspect of the use of stone which, as yet, has been neglected by American archi- tects ; but in all the most important period;, of architectural his- tory, stone was used quite as much ^vith an e}'e to its surface as its structural qualities. Stone, as has been said, is the "epic" ma- terial, and the choice of any other has at all times acted as a hin- drance to work of the highest character. Of the increasing use of many varieties of stone in the building work of this citv, there can be no manner of doubt. The brown stone, once so uni- versalh' the favorite of New "!i^ork builders, has indeed, been entirelv superseded ; and for a while its place was for the most part taken by brick ; but at present the tendency is running strongly in the direction of Resideiue r. Fuiton cutting. Esq. w 126 77-/ /f ARCHirnCrCKJI. liliCORP. Residence, 0. G. Jeiiiiings, Eyq. various kinds of light stone — stones of excellent appearance and first-rate architectural value. Even the houses in which brick is used commonly pos- sess a much larger proportion of stone trimmings than formerly ; but in a great many cases, no brick is now used at all. This is not only true of public buildings, such as the New Hall of Records, the Appellate Court House, and the Public Library, but it is also true of many office buildings and private houses in all parts of the city. Many of the office buildings, such as the Western Union, the Tribune, and the Mills Buildings were constructed chiefly of brick; and their inferiority of appearance arising from the character of the material, to such structures as the Times and the Union Trust Com- pany Buildings, is considerable and conspicuous. Among the more recent "sky-scrapers," the buildings like those of the Washington Life and the American Exchange National Bank, which are constructed entirely of stone, present a more dig- nified and impressive appearance than one like the Broad Ex- change Building, in which a light brick is used above the lower stories. C)ne of the few buildings on Broadway, in which the combination of a good stone with brick has proved efifective, is the Singer Building. The same tendency toward the successful use of stone appears still more strongly in the modern New York residence. It is well known that during recent years the average cost of each private dwelling, erected in jN'Ianhattan, has increased from less to $20,000 to almost $40,000; an-^l this enlargement of means at the disposal of architects has led, among other things, to the increased use of stone. Among the notable exam- ples of handsome dwellings, in which stone has been used, may be mentioned the residence of O. G. Jennings, on East 72d street; of Isaac Sterne, of ITenry T. Sloane, of Senator Clarke, at Fifth avenue and 78th street; of Charies T. Yerkes, and of many others. In fact, one may be tolerably certain that in almost every case when the designer for a rich man of a sumptuous and luxurious mansion has a chance, he will use stone; and this is par- ginger Building. STONE AS A BUILDING MATERIAL. 127 ticularly true of the architects who have learned their profession in Paris. One reason, however, for the increased use of stone is the fact that tlie product has been cheapened by the much more extensive emplo^-ment of machinery. It was not so many years ago that very little machinery of any kind was used in the dressing of stone ; but a visit to a modern stone yard, such as that of J. J. Spurr & Sons, at Harrison, N. J., would tell a ver\' different tale of the methods of the present day. These works, ^vhich are most exten- sive and most perfectly ecjuipped, are operated entirely by machin- ery and steam. The great masses of rock arc carried to all parts of the building by traveling cranes ; they are cut into the sizes desired by saws ; and planed by planing machines. The amount of hand labor used is reduced to the lowest possible margin, and the consequence is that a stone yard, such as that of J. J. Spurr & Sons can put stone on the market at a price and deliver it with a promptness which was for- nicrlv unknown. Their works being located on the Passaic River and having a railroad switch into their yard, they are enabled to ship their product by vessel or rail, according to the location of the building they are erecting. Among some of the important work done by this firm are as follows : Bv Ernest Flagg, Architect : Residence of R. Fulton Cutting, Aladison avenue and 67th street; Mills Hotel, No. i, Bleecker street; residence of O. G. Jennings, No. 7 East 72d street; Singer Building, Broadwav and Liberty street ; Bourne Building, Liberty street. New York City, and Conn. Mutual Life Lis. Co. Building, Hartford, Conn. By McKim, Mead & White, Architects: In- terior hall and stairs of H. C. Villard residence, Madison avenue and 50th street; residence of Henry Eahnstock, East 51st street; residence of J. Coleman Drayton, Fifth avenue. New York City ; Stickler Memorial Library, Orange, N. J., and St. Peters Church, Morristown, N. J. By Geo. B. Post, Architect: World Build- ing, Park Row ; Mills Building, Broad, Wall and Exchange Place ; Schernierhorn Building, Broadway and Fourth street, New York City. Bv Brite & Bacon, Architects: Residence of George Crocker, Fifth avenue and 64th street. New York City. By R. H. Robertson, Architect: Mohawk Building, Fifth avenue and 21st street ; JNIadison Avenue M. E. Church, Madison avenue and 60th street ; residence of W. L. Skidmore, Madison avenue and 67th street ; residence of J. J. JNIcCook, ^^'est 54th street ; N. Y. Academy of Medicine, West 43d street, New York City. By Edward H. Kendall : Residence of Robert Goelet, Fifth avenue and 48th street. New York Citv. Bv Bruce Price, Architect : St. Law- rence Building, Broadway and Cedar street. New York City. By 128 THIi AKCI-llTECTriiAL KHCOIW. Clinton & Russell, Architects : Fahy's Building, Maiden Lane and Liberty street; Battery Park Building, Bridge, Pearl and State streets; Phelps, Dodge & Co. Building, John and Cliff streets; Woodbridge Building, William and John streets ; residence of Charles W. Clinton, No. 39 East 57th street. New York City. By H. T. Hardenbergh, Architect: Waldorf Hotel, Fifth avenue and 3^d street. New York City, and Newark Gas Co. Building, Broad street and Central avenue, Newark, N. J. By Richard M. Hunt, Architect: Residence of W. V. Lawrence, Fifth avenue and 78th street. New York City. By Renwick, Aspinwall & Owen, Archi- tects : Christ Church, Amsterdam avenue and 71st street. New York Citv. By De Lemos & Cordes, Architects : Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Building, Pine street, New York City. Bv Augustus Laver, Architect: Residence of Flon. J. C. Flood, San Francisco, Cal. By Schickel & Ditmars, Architects: Residence of Wm. Pickhardt, Fifth avenue and 71st street; St. Mncent Hospital, nth street and Seventh avenue. New York Citv. By Howells & Stokes, Archi- tects : American Geographical Society Building, 8ist street and Central Park West, New York City. By R. Maynicke, Architect : Mercantile Building, Fifth avenue, 17th and 18th streets; Mercan- tile Building, Fifth avenue and 19th street; Mercantile Building, Broadway and 13th street. New York City. By W. Wheeler Smith, Architect : Mercantile Building, Broadway and Third street. New York Citv, and many others. Cnnneclicul .Vlutiial 1 iisuraiire Building, Hartford, Conn. [MODERN PLUMBING. ASSUREDLY there is no department of the work of building construction m wlrich progress is more rapid and steady, and results more assured than in the department of plumbing. In all the different branches of the building construction there is not one that has enlightened the public more than the plumbing, both from a sanitary condition and a decorative appearance. It has all been revolutiorjized mostly this last ten years, so one wcmld say we are still in our infancy regarding sanitar)' plumbing. Every body wants good plumbing; almost every body knows what good plumbing is ; and inventors and business men have been, and are the most active agents in originating and introducing im- proved sanitary devices. They all realize that no matter how well built, a house is unsafe as long as the plumbing is imperfect, and the money which the public is willing to spend for the purpose is every year used with better results. In order to obtain some notion of improvements which have re- cently been made in sanitary devices, the writer called recently upon Mr. John Boyd, of No. 274 Columbus avenue, who, probably knows as much about practical plumbing as any man in the United States. Mr. Boyd was perfectly willing to talk about his favorite topic, and agreed to do so, provided the writer would keep him in the l^ackground, saying; "I prefer to let my work talk for me," which, as every one is aware who is acquainted with Mr. Boyd's work, does talk most eloquently on his behalf. It has been placed in many of the most important buildings in New York, and has uniformly given satisfaction. Among other things, Mr. I'oyd remarked that the great ad- vance in plumbing and sanitar}- appliances generally, had come about within the past ten years. But let Mr. Boyd tell the story in his own way : "A short time ago I made a smoke test on a large office building, of which I am doing the plumbing work. I was informed by the owners that every part of the plumbing was in perfect condition, but it did not take me long to convince them, by their own per- sonal observation, that they were not so up to date as they thought. "I discovered a large brick cesspool in front of the cellar under- neath the floor, into which all the sewerage matter discharged. It was constructed in such a manner that it could never be entirely emptied. All the drains were built of brick, where a great manv leaks were discovered : there were no traps on the leaders, allowing the gases to pass through them and enter through the open win- I30 THE ARCHirECrURAL RECORD. dows abo^ i the gutter, and many other leaks in the iron soil pipe. Several of the toilet rooms were ventilated b}' a small iJ4-inch lead pipe, branched from the soil pipe, and brought to the external air underncath the wondows on the different floors. "The (juestion was asked me by the owners what I should sug- gest. 1 recommended that modern plumbing should be executed m such a building. My views on modern plumbing in any build- ing are that it should be constructed in such a manner as to have proper light and ventilation. "All the main, soil, waste and ventilating pipes are to be carried through the roof, and the vent branches of the different fixtures to be connected to the crown of the traps or bends, and continued to the nearest main ventilating pipe. The wastes of water closets to be connected independently to the soil lines, and other fixtures may be branched into each other and make a separate connection to the soil line. "The drainage and sewerage pipes may be either of extra cast- iron pipe with extra heavy fittings, or galvanized wrought-iron pipe with galvanized recessed drainage fittings ; but it is more dur- able to use extra heavy cast iron for drainage purposes, when same are placed under ground. "For instance, I wish to give a few explanations of the different plumbing fixtures and the various advantages of each. "WATER CLOSETS. — The wash-out closet, being introduced as the first of our modern plumbing closets, was constructed of one piece of earthenware, Ijut after a few years we improved it by intro- ducing a syphon jet closet, which has advantages over the old wash-out closet used with the cistern. The wash-out closet de- pended upon the flushing capacity of the rim constructed in the earthenware, and this was very objectionable, on account of the noise when Ijeing flushed. Often it was not sufficient to cleanse the trap properly ; this was sometimes caused by the valves of the cistern not being properh' constructed. "The syphon-jet closet is constructed similar to the wash-out closet, but has the additional syphon partition made so as to allow the flush of closet to enter half into the trap and half into the flush- hig rim of the bowl — creating a syphonic action in the trap, which is more reliable in cleansing on account of its construction. "Of recent years vitreous earthenware has been substituted for common glazed earthenware to prevent crazing. "The Kenney ITushometer has its advantages over the cis- tern of the overhead closets, in that it has a solid column of water immediately close to the bowl, and such an arrangement entirelv overcomes the several imperfections, which attend the use (jf a disconnected stream of water released from an over- liead tank, as in t!ie case of the numerous other tvpes of apparatus in use at the ])rcsent time. "It is designed for use on either direct pressure or tank systems, and to work with ease and efiicienc\- under ain- pressure, givino- a (|uick flush of large volume at the start, and finishing with a slow after-flush of small ^-olume. "This svstem dispenses entirely with the overhead flush-tank which IS a necessary feature of nearlv all water closets now on the market, and is highly suital)le for dwellings or other buildino-s in MODERN PLUMBING. J31 which there may be closets on each floor, while only a single supply tank is located in the attic or roof space. It is only necessar)- to connect each closet to the main pipe by a branch liush pipe. "LAVATORIES. — There is a great difference of opinion as to what should be used in different Iniildings now being constructed. The old marble slabs with earthen bowls attached with clamps have become things of the past, being superseded by solid earthenware in one piece. The advantages are that the bowl and slab being made of one solid piece of earthenware, which does away with plaster joints between bowl and the slab, and the material being of a non-absorbent nature and the porcelain bowl heavier in con- struction gives an advantage over ordinary bowls, for there is no chance for any separation to take place between bowl and slab. There is no doubt this makes a more durable and substantial fix- ture, which harmonizes with the material of other fixtures, and in due justice to decorators of other materials, I can safely say they can duplicate any decoration required. Lavatory fittings for waste and supplies are too numerous to mention at this time, but they have advanced as rapidly as other sanitary ap- pliances. "Bi\THS. — The manufacture of baths has created more interest in plumbing industry than any other material, for the reasons that a piece of solid porcelain earthenware of such large magnitude, ex- posed to such extreme temperature in the kilns, finished in such perfect condition, far surpasses any that ever have been imported, both from workmanship and decorative appearances, thus giving credit to American industrv. Baths are now being constructed in one solid piece, and resting on floor, thereby doing away with legs. Moreover, I must make mention of enamelled iron baths, wdiich have reached the same height of perfection as solid porcelain baths, both as regards manufacture and decorations. "CONCLUDING, I would say that the improvements as regards rough plumbing now put in buildings are most rapid. Originally lead was used for drainage, soil, waste and supplies. About 1870 cast-iron pipe and fittings of a light weight, now called "Standarcl," was used, and to protect from decay, were tar-coated. Later, cast- iron pipe and fittings of heavier grade, called "Medium," were man- ufactured to take the i^lace of "Standard." At this time was also conmienced the manufactiu-e of a grade of cast-iron pipe and fit- tings called "Extra Heavy," which is the grade now used exclu- sively in New York City, and is the only grade of pipe and fittings which is allowed in construction of plumbing system by the New York Building Department. "Of recent years, a number of leading architects and ]ilumbers have been advocating the use of galvanized wrought-iron pipe and drainage fittings for soil, waste and vent systems. It is claimed for the galvanized wrotight-iron drainage system that more reliance can be placed on a screw joint than on a lead caulked joint. At the present time, drainage soil, waste vent and supplies for plumb- ing system can be installed either of cast iron, wrought iron or brass, as architect or owner may desire, and wdien constructed in accordance with rules and regulations of New York Building De- partment, there is no reason wdiy either of these above-mentioned materials cannot be used and work made jierfectlv sauitar\- in all ])arts," IT is an astonishing feature of the Imilding lousiness that some engineers and arcliitects permit tlie use of brands of cement which are neitlier well established nor endorsed by competent chemists. Xotwithstanding the important part hydraulic cement plavs in every structure, whether of stone or Ijrick. builders sometimes overlook the importance of specifying the use of the "Dragon'' brand of Portland cement. This Ijrand has been on the market for over a dozen }ears, and its increased sales demonstrate the endorse- ment given it by all users of good Portland cement. jj. — -T — - — - — — , The multiplication of mills CJ ji_i_v_»„_> __- _. . f,jj- ^\^f, manufacture of Port- land cement within the past few )'ears is an indication of the in- creasing popularity of this American product so far as they were constructed as legitimate business enterprises. \Mien Dragon Cement was first placed on the market, the annual output of American Portland was 275,000 barrels per annum from all the mills, and this had increased to over 12,000,000 barrels in 1901. The finished product of many manufacturing establishments should be carefullv examined by the users of cement. If any plants were built bv speculators with a view of disi)osing of them for profit, the equality of the product made by inexperienced hands might be very inferior and treacherous to users. There are few cities of importance throughout the seaboard states and contiguous territory from Maine to Texas, wherein "Dragon" cement has not been extensivelv used. Not onl)' does "Dragon" enter into the foundations and su])erstructures of build- f, Ik fi fi m ^f- i^ THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE. DRAGON PORTLAND CEMENT. 133 LAWRENCE CEMENT CO. mgs, but it is well adapted and used for sidewalks, curliing and street pavements. Many of the prominent railroads have used "Dragon" in the construction of their bridges and other heavy masonry. For the foundations of their freight houses, depots and platforms, thousands of barrels of "Dragon" Portland have l)een satisfactorily used. The United States (iovernment selected "Dragon" cement for the erection of many of its heaviest fortifications and sea walls and other harbor work. The building of the new Custom House in New York City in 1901 calls attention to the fact that this same company furnished the cement used in the construction of the old Custom House in 1840. The Lawrence Cement Company furnished the cement used on the Wall Street building in the forties, and are now supplying their "Dragon" Portland brand in the erection of the new Cus- tom House, at Bowling Creen and the Battery. It is used as well for the foundations of the new Stock Exchange, the Chamber of Commerce Build- ing and the East River P)ridge, and the Muscot Dam, on the Croton Water-shed. The extensive cement plant where "Dragon" brand is made, is situated in the Lehigh \'alley on the line of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The company has acquired the property on which the first cement stone was discovered. The\' control about two hundred acres of land, containing an inexhaustible supply of the best cement rock in the Lehigh Valley, and own also enormous deposits of a superior c|uality of limestone. Their cjuarries are admitted to be su])erior to most others in that region. Thev are open to the inspection of engineers and architects who would like to know something regarding ilie inside merits of "Dragon" cement which they should specify and use. "Dragon" cement exceeds all the requirements of the .American Society of Civil Engineers, both for neat and sand tests. The testing laboratories of the best well-known chemists confirm these facts. Scientific examination of the natural rock, sampling of the com- position and complete analysis of the finished product are made every hour throughout the day and night, as the cement plant runs continuously the whole twenty-four hours. The company's laboratory tests include not only the chemical 134 THn ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. A TRAIN OF Ti CARS TO OXE CUS- TOMER IX THE WEST. analysis of the cement, but also the cold water, steam and boil- ing test and the usual tests for tensile strength, both neat and with sand. "Dragon" cement exceeds by a liberal percentage the niaximimi standard for fine- ness, and strength, and its spe- cific gravity comes fully up to the standard. "Dragon" cement has attained that degree (jf perfection in its manufacture which places it beyond rivalry. It is in a high class by itself. The compan^•'s assurance goes with every barrel of "Dragon" Portland. The present managers of The Lawrence Cement Company have the benefit of the experience of more than fifty years in the manufacture of cements, during which time the comjjany has superintended the making of over 20,000,000 barrels of Portland and natural cements. If wisdom follows experience, it should be conceded that their "Dragon" cement ought to possess all the excellent merits attributed to this popular branrl. "PARAGON" PORTLAND. i\nother brand of Portland cement made b)' this company is known as "Paragon." Its increased shipments every }'ear prove its value by engineers and contractors. "Paragon" Portland being uniform in fineness and having excellent sand carrying capacity, makes a very plastic mortar, which masons are pleased to use. "Paragon" answers the demand of builders for a Portland cement that possesses a tensile strain of about 500 I1)s. to the sc|uare inch in one week. "Paragon" recommends itself for use to bricklayers and other masons, as it makes a very safe mortar that is readilv applied with the trowel. Quite a number of engineers and contractors prefer a moder- ately high testing cement like the "Paragon," instead of the record- breaking 1)rands of extremely strong tensile strength. The greatest usefulness and moderate cost of a standard cement are not always nor easily combined in one brand. "Paragon" Port- land possesses these precise particulars, and for this reason is very popular with architects in their specifications. "Paragon" is an easy-selling brand, and gives satisfactory results in the construction of culverts, conduits, cistern-linings, cellar lloors and sewers, liy many of its users, "P'aragon" is regarded as one of the best Portlaufl cements in the market, even in comjiarison with hioher DRAGOX PORTLAXD CEMENT. 135 o-rades, and for nine ^•ears past has Ijcen handled with increasinsj pleasure and profit to theniseh-es and excellent results in the work performed. IMPROVED SHIELD. To meet the requirements of builders for a s^ood cement of less strength and quicker setting- properties than Portland possesses, the Lawrence Cement Compan\- have manufactured a brand for the last eleven years known as "Improved Shield." It is an excellent cement, and in many j^laces gives as good satisfaction as some brands of Portland. I'or fineness, it e(|uals any other cement, ex- RE.\DING TEiRMIN.\L. cept high-grade artificial products, and far surpasses most brands of so-called Rosendale cements. "Improved Shield" invariably shows the following good record : Ninet3'-nine per cent, passes a No. 50 sieve ; 95 per cent, passes No. 100 sieve ; 81 per cent, passes No. 200 sieve. What Rosendale cement can equal this? For strength in 24 hours, "Improved Shield" breaks neat over 100 pounds; in seven days the breakage averages 175 pounds, and 275 pounds in 30 days. With two parts sand, its tensile strain is 100 pounds in seven days; 200 pounds in 30 days and 400 pounds in six mouths. "Improved Shield" is the strongest of natural rock cements, and its adhesiveness and resistance to compression have won for it a first place among the best enduring cements. 136 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. '•Improved Shield" can be relied upon to grow harder every vear, and produce the strongest work for superstructures. ■■Improved Shield" cement is manufactured with the same care and attention in all details that are given to higher-priced cements. It has surpassed the expectations of architects and shown valuable qualities, exceeding the guarantees of its manufacturers. The conclusion of the whole subject is that the best business in- terests of architects, engineers, contractors and other users of hydraulic cement will demand that only reliable, standard brands be employed in their work. This should direct their attention to the experience and long time service of the cement manufacturer. Some business men are willing to take large risks in order to save a few dollars. They fretiuently sacrifice a reputation for reliability without adequate returns. In order to place its product on the market already occupied, most new business enterprises are com- pelled to offer inducements in one form or another. Either the new goods must be better than those already for sale, or the price must be lower. The risk to the purchaser in handling the new product must be more or less commensurate with the inducement. Good judgment demands the best material procurable in the building line. The reader may feel sure he is using excellent judg- ment when he specifies that the cements mentioned in this article be used on all future contracts. ''l^.J _:„J_l . ,^ *:w'i THE NEW YORK CUSTOM HOUSE. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Otis Elevator Company. 71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. THE OTIS ELEVATOR PARTIAL LIST OF IMPORTANT BUILDINGS EQUIPPED WITH OTIS ELEVATORS. Bilimore— Kesidence, Geo. W. Vanderbilt, Esq Richard M. Hunt, Architect. The Brealcers— Residence, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Esq Richard M. Hunt, Architect. Residence, Blbridge T. Gerry, Esq Richard M. Hunt, Architect. St. Paul Building George B. Post, Architect Havemeyer Building George B. Post, Architect. Union Trust Building George B. Post, Architect. New York Lite Insurance Building McKim, Mead & White, Architects. Madison Square Garden McKim, Mead & "White, Architects. Metropolitan Club McKim, Mead & White, Architects. Townsend Building Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, Architect. Washington Life Insurance Building Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, Architect. New York Bar Association Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, Architect. Mohawk Building R. H. Robertson, Architect. Mclntyre Building R. H. Robertson, Architect. Van Ingen Building R. H. Robertson, Architect Schermerhorn Building C23d Street) Henry J. Hardenbergh, Architect. Astor Building Henry J. Hardenbergh, Architect. Martinique Hotel Henry J. Hardenbergh, Architect Metropolitan Opera House Cady, Berg & See, Architects. National Shoe and Leather Bank Cady, Berg & See, Architects. Hartford Fire Insurance Building Cady, Berg & See, Architects. Varick Street Warehouses Chas. C. Haight, Architect. Lawyers' Title Insurance Building Chas. C. Haight, Architect. N. Y. Orthopaedic Hospital Chas. C. Haight, Architect. Mutual Life Insurance Building Clinton & Russell, Architects. Woodbridge Building Clinton & Russell, Architects. Sampson Building Clinton & Russell, Architects. Mail and Express Building Carrere & Hastings, Architects. Pierce Building Carrere & Hastings, Architects. Residence of H. T. Sloane, Esq Carrere & Hastings, Architects. Empire Building Kimball & Thompson, Architects. Manhattan Life Iiisurance Building Kimball & Thompson, Architects. Standard Oil Building Kimball & Thompson, Architects. New Altman Stores Kimball & Thompson, Architects. Mutual Reserve Fund Building W. H. Hume & Son, Architects. Spingler Building W. H. Hume & Son, Architects. Netherlands Hotel W. H. Hume & Son, Architects. Scott & Bowne Biii'ldirig. .'. . .' Schickel & Ditmars, Architects. R. H. Macy & Co Schickel & Ditmars, Architects. Lakewood Hotel ..'.'.' '. Schickel & Ditmars, Architectr Presbyterian Building.' .... . .' James B. Baker, Architect Johnston Building James B. Baker, Architect. National Bank of Commerce James B. Baker, Architect. United States Trust Co R- W. Gibson, Architect. New York Clearing House R. W. Gibson, Architect Onondaga County Savings Bank, Syracuse, N. Y R- W. Gibson, Aiuhitect St. Luke's Hospital Ernest Flagg, Architect Singer Building Ernest Flagg, Architect. D. 0. Mills Model Hotel J?'"°^'',n^lt?,^' Architect Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital W. B. Tuthill, Architect Carnegie Music Hall A' V •'^- ^. J"*^?'"' .^'"^.^'^J'^- Kuhn, Loeb & Co De Lemos & Cordes, Archltecti. Pulton Building ^^ Lemos & Cordes, Architects. Eagle Building. ^^ Lemos & Cordes. Archltecti. Metropolitan Lite insurance Building N. Le Brun & Son, Architects. Fire Department Headquarters ^- J"l ^'■"" * , ,"• Architects. New York Commercial Buildings Robert Maynicke, Architect John Wanamaker's Ro^^f' Maynicke. /rcfctfeM 41 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. A 'Tpl AC Portland -^ * l-w/^^:^ Cement GUARANTEED TO BE SUPERIOR TO ANY IMPORTED OR DOMESTIC CEMENT ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 30 Broad Street, New York. SINGER BUILDING Ernest Flagg, Architect MILLS' HOTELS, Nos. 1 and 2 Ernest Flagg, Architect SCRIBNER BUILDING Ernest Flagg, Architect ST. PAUL BUILDING George B. Post, Architect HAVEMEYER STORES George B. Post, Architect EQUITABLE BUILDING George B. Post, Architect WELD ESTATE BUILDING George B. Post, Architect COE ESTATE BUILDING George B. Post, Architect THE PARK BUILDING George B. Post, Architect EMPIRE BUILDING Kimball & Thompson, Architects STANDARD OIL BUILDING Kimball & Thompson, Architects SHERRY BUILDING McKim, Mead & White, Architects NEW YORK LIFE INS. BUILDING McKim, Mead & White, Architects UNIVERSITY CLUB McKim, IVIead & White, Architects EXCHANGE COURT BUILDING Clinton & Russell, Architects METROPOLITAN LIFE INS. BUILDING N. Le Brun & Son, Architects CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE McKim, Mead & White, Architects NEW YORK HOSPITAL Cady, Berg & See, Architects CLARK RESIDENCE, 5th Ave. and 77th St Lord, Hewlett & Hull, Architects AMERICAN SURETY BUILDING Bruce Price, Architect RESIDENCE, GEO. J. GOULD, ESQ Bruce Price, Architect JOHNSTON BUILDING J. B. Baker, Architect PRESBYTERIAN BUILDING ' J. B. Baker, Architect BANK OF COMMERCE J. B. Baker, Architect GILLENDER BUILDING Berg & Clark, Architects HARTFORD FIRE INS. BUILDING Cady, Berg & See, Architects TOWNSEND BUILDING Cyrus L. W. Eidlltz, Architect FIDELITY AND CASUALTY BUILDING Cyrus L. W. Bidlitz, Architect WASHINGTON LIFE BUILDING Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz, Architect MORTON BUILDING Clinton & Russell, Architects AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK Clinton &. Russell, Architects PARK ROW BUILDING R. H. Robertson, Architect LYING-IN HOSPITAL R, H. Robertson, Architect CORN BUILDING, 5th Av. and 17th St R. Maynicke, Architect CORN BUILDING, fi32 Broadway _ R. Maynicke, Architect THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. THE GARVIN MACHINE CO. BUILDING. SAYRE & FISHER CO., Charles C. Halght, Architect. JAS. E. SAYKE. Jr. & CO., Agents, 207 BROADWAY, corner of fulton st., NEW YORK. PRESSED FRONT BRICK, ENAMELED BRICK, HARD FIRE BRICK, HOLLOW BRICK. Quantity Front Brkk. ARCHITECT. 200,€00 BRUCE PRICE ,1(1,(100 BRUCE PRICE 2(HI,0IH) KIMBALL & THOMPSON FINE BUILDING BRICK, BUILDINGS. AMERICAN SURETY BUILDING WELSH DORMITORY, YALE COLLEGE MANHATTAN LIFE BUILDING EMPIRE BUILDING 3,-.(l,lNWl KIMBALL & THOMPSON SCOTT & BOWNE BUILDING 2(.IO,<100 SCHICKEL & DITMARS SETON SANITARIUM 100,000 SCHICKEL & DITMARS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO 2riO,OI>0 CLINTON & RUSSELL WOODBRIDGE BUILDING 450,000 CLINTON & RUSSELL DAKOTA APARTMENTS 300,000 H. J. HARDENBERGH THE TAYLOR BUILDING 2150,000 H. J. HARDENBERGH CENTRAL BUILDING nOO.OOO PEABODY & STEARNS LUDLOW BUILDING 150,000 PEABODY & STEARNS THE POSTAL TELEGRAPH BUILDING 150,000 HARDING & GOOCH COMMERCIAL CABLE BUILDING 350,000 HARDING & GOOCH VARICK STREET STORES 200,000 CHAS. C. HAIGHT HOSPITAL FOR RUPTURED AND CRIPPLED. . 175,000 CHAS. C. HAIGHT PRESBYTERIAN BUILDING 100,000 JAMES B. BAKER BANK OF COMMERCE 4,10,000 1 AMES B. BAKER COFFEE EXCHANGE 100,000 R. W, GIBSON MILL'S HOTELS 700.000 ERNEST FLAGG CORCORAN ART GALLERY. WASHINGTON, D.C. ,50.000 ERNEST FLAGG BOWLING GREEN BUILDING 750.000 W. & G. AUDSLEY THE BREAKERS, NEWPORT, R. I. (7,000,000 hard building brick used.).. .RICHARD M. HUNT 43 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Mazarin Design Louis XIV. Residence, H. M. FLAGEE, Esq., Palm Beach, Fla. Carrere & Hastings, Aroliitects. RUSSELL & ERWIN MANUFACTURING CO. NEW BRITAIN, CONN. NEW YORK. TBADE MABK. PHILADELPHIA. CHICAGO. BOSTON. SAN FRANCISCO. BALTIMORE. LONDON. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. VULCANITE PORTLAND CEMENT THE rapid growth of "Vulcanite" Portland Cement, unpre- cedented in the historj' of cement manufacture, is due to untiring and painstaking care in the process of manufacture beginning with the selection of the raw material — argillaceous rock — it follows the process through to the end, including burning, grinding and curing, the result being an absolutely uniform, sound and reliable cement. It is recognized by the leading engineers, architects and contractors as the most economical and satisfactory of all Portland cements. More than 150, ooo barrels have been used in the Jones & Laughlins Works, Pittsburg, in important construc- tion during the past two years. More than 75 per cent, of the leading sidewalk paving construction companies in the United States use it, finding it superior tor the purpose to the old reliable Ger- man brands. It has been used in the construction of many of the largest and most important buildings in the United States. The sales have increased from 14,000 barrels in 1895 to 730,000 barrels in 1 901. The names of prominent engineers architects and builders ■who have used this cement will be furnished upon application to the home office, Philadelphia. Vulcanite Portland Cement Co. Real Estate Trust BIdg., PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK CHICAGO 160 Fifth Avenue 317 Chamber of Commerce Bldg. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Reading Hardware Company READING, PA. '\ NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO 96 and 98 Reade Street 617 Market Street 105 Lake Street Fine Artistic . . . . Builders' Hardware Architects' Designs Carefully Executed Bolt designed for the residence of H. W. POOR, ESQ. Mc'Kim. Mead & Wliite, Arcbitects. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. CEMENT CONSTRUCTION. Entrance to Private Residence. Executed witli Lafarge Cement, by Matt. T. Mollison. LAFARGE PORTLAND CEMENT is not only the one non-staining cement for setting, pointing and backing Limestone, Granite and Marble, but it is the only suitable material to use in the production of architectural detail and ornament in cement concrete, exterior stucco and general concrete construction, requiring perfect finish and uniform light color. FOR SALE BY THE PRINCIPAL BUILDING MATERIAL DEALERS IN THE UNITED STATES NON-STAINING CEMENT CO, SALES AGENTS 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 47 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. ff ill"; (tftr ,ni!uiir[ re ri I nil It II II it It "irrri ATLANTIC BUILDING, Wall and William Streets, New York. THOMPSON-STARRETT CO. Builders ATLANTIC BUILDING NEW YORK Clinton & Russell, Architects. HOTEL NAVARRE NEW YORK Barney & Chapman, Architects. RESIDENCE, MRS. R. H. TOWNSEND WASHINGTON, D. C. Carrere & Hastings, Architects. HAHNE & CO.'S BUILDING NEWARK, N. J. Clinton & Russell, Architects. RESIDENCE, A. FABBRI, ESQ NEW YORK Haydel & Shepard, Architects. RESIDENCE, A. D. RUSSELL, ESQ PRINCETON, N. J. Clinton & Russell, Architects. THOMPSON-STARRETT CO. BUILDERS H. S. THOMPSON THEO. STABRETT QOLDWINE STABRETT 51 WALL STREET TVriT'WT -VT/^D V THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. m. if % Sloam The interior treatment of a house so far as its dominant color tones, its decorations, floor coverings, and furniture are concerned is as important from an artistic standpoint, as the work of the architects upon its exterior. We are pre- pared to under- take the com- plete decora- tion and fur- nishing of houses any- where in the United States, placing at the service of our customers our corps of artists and experts. Wewill.uponre- quest, present a comprehensive scheme for securing the most satisfactory results from a given sum of money. This work may include only the mural decorations, or, where desired, it may em- brace the entire furnishing, including the carpets and rugs, which may be made to order, so as to insure a correct interpretation of any style or period desired. We submit finished water-color drawings for approval, and insure the highest grade of work and the most effective treatment. We invite correspond- ence from house owners or architects as to details. Broddivay $ i# Street NEW YORK THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. WM. J. SLOANE WM. MOLLER SLOANE 5f MOLLER CARPENTERS and BUILDERS Manufacturers of FINE CABINET WORK Factory Lumber Yard 319 to 331 East 64th Street 35O East 64th Street Office: 331 East 64th Street Telephone, 258 79th Street The following- work was done by us for Ernest Flagg, Architect: SCRIBNER BUILDING 153-157 5th Ave., New York. MILLS' HOTEL, No. 1 160 Blescker St.. New York. MILLS' HOTEL, No. 2 Rivington and Chrystie Sts., New York. N. Y. FIREPROOF TENEMENT ASSOC. BLDGS. .. .10th Ave., 41st and 42d Sts., N. Y. RESIDENCE, O. G. JENNINGS, ESQ 7 East 72d St., New York. RESIDENCE, R. FULTON CUTTING, ESQ. Madison Ave. and C!7th St., New York. COUNTRY HOUSE, F. G. BOURNE, ESQ Oakdale, L. I. COUNTRY HOUSE. ERNEST PLAGG, ESQ Dongan Hills, Staten Island. OTHER RECENT WORK. Architects. MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, r,th Ave., N. Y . .Arnold W. Brunner. NEW HOTEL MANHATTAN, Madison Ave. and 42d St Henry J. Hardenbergh. NEW YORK YACHT CLUB, .37-41 W 44th St .Warren & Wetmore. THE YALE CLUB, 30 W. 44th St Tracy & Swartwout. CARNEGIE MUSIC HALL, 7th Ave. and .57th St Henry J. Hardenbergh. ADMINISTRATION BLDG., Yale University, New Haven. Conn Howells & Stokes. COUNTRY HOUSE, J. B. HAGGIN, ESQ., Elmendort, Ky Copeland & Dole. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Pittsburg, Pa. ST. MARGARET'S MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. Ernest Flagg, Architect The Roehr Company Pittsburgh Office, Westinghoose Bldg. BUCYRUS, OHIO Manofactofefs of the "Roehr" interior trim for Office Buildings, Hotels, Banks, Public Buildings and Private Residences. .* .* .* .* .* .* .* The highest grade of Cabinet Work set up without nails, guaranteed not to open at joints. .* .* .* Work done for Ernest Flagg, Architect. (New) UNITED STATES NAVAI. ACADEMY Annapolis, Md. ST. MARGARET MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Pittsburg, Pa. LAWRENCE LIBRARY Pepperell, Mass. CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INS. BUILDING Hartford, Conn. FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING Hartford, Conn. RESIDENCE, OF MISS CASE Hartford, Conn. ERNEST FLAGG'S OFFICES, MILLS' BUILDING Wall St., New York. 51 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. The J. L. Mott Iron Works, 84-90 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK. NEW YORK: 103 Fifth Avenue. PHILADELPHIA: BOSTON: 1 128 Walnut Street. 332-334 Boylston St. Plate 20S3 R. BATH ROOM— BARONIAL. Copyright, 1800, by the J. L. Mott Iron Works. The above illustration is of the Bath Room (our exhibit) at the Paris Exposition, for which The J. L. Mott Iron Works was awarded the Gold Medal. This Bath Room was considered the finest Sanitary Exhibit ever presented in France. For full description, see circular, which may be had on application. rnii .IKCini'liCl'i'RAL RECORD. TOTAL HEIGHT 24 FT. IN., DIAMETER 22 FT IN. COLOSSAL CAST BRONZE DOME FOR MAUSOLEUM fN Course of Erection at Jno. Williams Bronze Foundry. N Y. DESIGNED eV RENWICK, ASPINWALL & OWEN, ARCHITECTS, N. V. JNO. Williams Joseph Mitchell James Williams JNO. WILLIAMS Wrought Iron Works H. D. Stillman Associate Bronze Foundry and Works • Wrought Iron Works **SVmencan SVrt in Bronze anir 3ron" ♦♦ arcbttectural •♦ 2)ccorattvc m jEcclC6la»tfcal « OTolossal JSroiiK ^tatuari? anti fBlomimrntal OTastings Office. 556 WEST 27TH STREET WORKS. 544 TO 556 WEST 27TH STREET FOUNDRY, 549 TO 555 WEST 26TH STREET NEW YORK 53 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. ■*i!pi*^Hf ^BffWipi «'[s?«^'p-r| P i. j ""LiiflWiw^T' |';.';j. mu. ai)j, |i.;uj. "HILLAIR" SNELLING & POTTER, Architects. Residence of PAUL G. THEBAUD. WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK. (ESTABLISHED 1852.) Telephone, 775 Melrose. WM. V. MURRAY, Successor to MARCUS MURRAY. CUT STONE CONTRACTOR, 141st Street and Walnut Avenue, V." , NEW YORK. 64 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. % #^ JOHN W, RAPP Fireproof Doors and Floors Partial List of Recent Work CONN. MUTUAL LIFE BUILDLNG, Hartford. Ernest Flagg. Architect. MT. SINAI HOSPITAL, New York, A. W. Brunner, Architect. APPELLATE DIV. SUPRE.ME COURT, James Lord Brown, .Architect. DUNHAM RESIDENCE, Carrere & Hastings, Architects, REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDI.\G, Philadelphia, Edgar V. Seeler, Architect. PENN. R. R. OFFICE BUILDING. Philadelphia, Purness & Evans. Architects. WOODWARD & LOTHROP DEPT. STORE, Washington, Henry Ives Cobb, -Archilect. NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING, Philadelphia. John Windrin, Architect. BROWNING-KING BUILDING, New York, John E, Nitchie, Architect. HOME OFFICE AND WORKS 313-329 East 94th Street NEW YORK CITY 56 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. JULIUS A. STURSBERG, President. J. V. V. BOORABM, Vife-President. J. FRANCIS BOORAEM, Sec'y-Treas. and Manager. BERNARD JACQUART, Supt. AMERICAN Enameled Brick & Tile Co. I.VCORPORATED ]Sn.3. 1 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK BOSTON, CINCINNATI, BALTIMORE, RICHMOND, HAVANA, CUBA, Branch Offices: PHILADELPHIA, WASHINGTON, CLEVELAND, DETROIT, PITTSBURG, MONTREAL, CANADA. SYDNEY, N. S. W. 56 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. ^^•Vs§v, >^ '''' 1 !te«i^'--o... ;^Mi^ W^^ /'■• ^ -i^3Slv^^:^;vsa -■^..■■• '' i' V ^1 ^HP' -iilt'^^HSl' 'f^Hf 1 s;y ' BATTERSON & EISELE, Mosaic CUorkers. IMMIAN AND VENETIAN MOSAIC FOR FLOORS, WALLS, MANTELS, ETC, RICH OR PLAIN DESIGNS. MPORTERS AND WORKERS OF MAEBLE, OmrX AND GRANITE Office: 431 Eleventh Avenue, Bet. 35TH and 36TH Sts. Steam Mill and Works: 425-433 Eleventh Avenue. NEW YORK. 57 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. "Brooklyn Bridge" Brand IS THE STANDARD Rosendale Hydraulic Cement FAC-SIMILE OF NEW LABEL. SPECIFIED AND USED ON Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The New Columbia College Buildings. New York Athletic Club Building. Park Row Office Building (30 Stories). There haj been 268,000 Barrels used on the New York Croton Aqueduct in the Last Four Years. NEW YORK and ROSENDALE CEMENT COMPANY, 280 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 58 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. B. A. & G. N. WILLIAMS. (ITSrCOBPOBATED . ) Established 1854. Cut Stone Contractors, Avenue A. and 6Sth Street, Ne-w York Office Buildings. Architects. WASHINGTON LIFE BUILDING Cyrus L, W Bidlltz PARK ROW BUILDING . R. H. Robertson CONSTABLE BUILDING Schickel & Ditmara PRESBYTERIAN BUILDING James B. Baker CABLE BUILDING McKim, Mead & White TOWER BUILDING James B. Baker GILLBNDER BUILDING Berg & Clark MORTON BUILDING Clinton & Russell UNITED CHARITIES BUILDING Rowe & Baker 395, 397 AND 399 BROADWAY R Maynlcke 244 FIFTH AVE r. Maynlcke NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Geo B Post 145 AND 147 FIFTH AVENUE H. E. Ficken Institutions. NEW YORK HOSPITAL BUILDING Cady Berg & See ST, LUKE'S HOME Trowbridge & LiTingston BARON DE HIRSCH TRADES SCHOOL Frledlander & Dillon HEBREW CHARITIES BUILDING, Second Ave. and 21st DeLemos & Cordes ST. ANDREWS' COLLEGE Schickel & Ditmars NEW YORK ORPHAN ASYLUM James B. Baker Hotels. ASTORIA HOTEL Henry J. Hardenbergh MANHATTAN HOTEL Henry J. Hardenbergh HOTEL SAVOY Ralph S. Townsend HOLLAND HOUSE Harding & Gooch MILLS HOTEL NO. 2 Ernest Flagg Banks. BOWERY BANK York & Sawyer SHOE AND LEATHER BANK Cady, Berg & See CORN EXCHANGE BANK R. H. Robertson NEW YORK SAVINGS BANK R. H. Robertson MADISON AVE. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH James E. Ware & Son FREE CHURCH OF ST. MARY THE VIRGIN N. Le Brun & Son CHURCH AND SCHOOL OF ST. IGNATIUS Schickel & Ditmars SECOND CHURCH OP CHRIST, SCIENTIST F. R. Comstock Clubs. BAR ASSOCIATION BUILDING Cyrus L. W. Bidlltz ENGINEERING CTjUB, West 57th Cyrus L. W. Eldlltz College Buildings. HALL OP FAME, New York University McKim, Mead & White LIBRARY, New York University McKim, Mead & White Printing House. NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE CO McKim, Mead & White Store. B. ALTMAN &C0 Kimball & Thompson Theatre. KNICKERBOCKER THEATRE J. B. McElf atrlck & Son ■Country House. "IDLEHOUR," Oakdale, L. I Richard H. Hunt Residences. WM. H. MOORE, 4 and 6 East 54th McKim, Mead & White FRANCIS B. HOFFMAN, 58 East 79th Carrere & Hastings C. M. HYDE, 206 Madison Ave N. C. Mellen JOHN D. CRIMMINS, 40 East 68th Schickel & Ditmars T. WYMAN PORTER, 25 Bast 56th Clinton & Russell CHARLES T. YBRKES, 864 Fifth Ave R. H.- Robertson LEVI P. MORTON, 681 Fifth Ave McKim, Mead & White ISSAC STERN, 8.58 Fifth Ave Schickel & Ditmars R. M. HOE, 11 Bast 71st Carrere & Hastings D. G. REID, 875 Fifth Ave Welch, Smith & Provot WM. SALOMON, 1020 Fifth Ave Trowbridge & Livingston FRANCIS BURTON HARRISON, 876 Fifth Ave Welch, Smith & Provot SIMON H, STERN, 986 Fifth Ave .■ A-. J. Manning WM. B. LEEDS, 987 Fifth Ave Welch, Smith & Provot WM. NELSON CROMWELL, 12 West 49th ^.Carrere & Hastings MARGARET S. REMSBN, 3 Bast 80th Welch, Smith & Provot PHILLIP KLBEBERG, 3 Riverside Drive V^'-.v-^; ,lj^i Gilbert P. G. TIMMiBRMAN, 1007 Fifth Ave Welch Smith & Provot CHARLES STEELE, 34 West 49th .^V ,' v ^"St ?-„^°°^ WILLIAM A. HALL, 1008 Fifth Ave Welch Smith & Provot H. P. SCHOONMAKBR, 26 West 53d i^V/V o ■*,, p O,"''*""; B. N. DUKE, 1009 Fifth Ave ^®''=%Smith& Provot HENRY SELIGMAN, 30 West 56th •>-,■ f- "• 'f""®" JOHN MURRAY MITCHELL, 9 East 67th °i'°'^° ^ nnl J. S. BACHE, 8 Bast 67th ■„■ Ci\ , Pv,-."'^ ALBERT GOULD JENNINGS, 2 Bast 82d ^*S f*^?' \°;'™",? THOMAS DIMOND. 20 West 7,3d '^i'°'S° S„h„w!S WM. B. HORNBLOWBR. 7 East 89th. ^rV ' -mS.!, f ^^M/ifuS HENRY A. McALEENAN, 18 East 94th Van Vleck & Goldsmith 59 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. OOOOOOOOOOO 000000000<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> A history of this School, of the work done by its stu- ^ dents, of its influence upon American Architecture, writ- Y ten by American Graduates of the school and illustrated ^ by the designs of the leading American Architects is to be found in the recently published BEAUX ARTS NUMBER ^ OP THE (^ ARCHITECTURAL RECORD pronounced the handsomest publication ever issued. Price 50 cents, by mail 65 cents. § I^^AII persons, professional or otherwise, interested in Architecture are reading this number — a volume of 250 ^ pages superbly illustrated. Y SEND FOR IT ^ or if you are not a subscriber to this magazine, send us one dollar and fifteen cents and we will enter your sub- $ scription to the Architectural Record for one year and ^ at the same time send you a copy of TAe Beaux Arts ^ Nttmber free. The Architectural Record Co* 14-16 Vesey Street, New York City THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. ADAMS & CO.'S STORE, 6TH AVENUE, NEW YORK. HARRY ALEXANDER, engineer and contractor Flans Drawn and Estimates Submitted for Electrical Work of Every Description. COMPLETE ELECTRIC LIGHT, POW'BR AND HEATING INSTALLATIONS, ELECTRIC ELE- VATORS, TRAVELING CRANES, PUMPIN G OUTFITS, VENTILATING PANS, ETC. 25 W. 33d Street. ASTOR COURT BUILDING, 18 and 20 W. 34tt Street. Telephone call, 3767— 38th. NEW YORK. PARTIAL LIST OF RECENT WORK. COMPLETE PLANTS INCLUDING ENGINES, DYNAMOS, MOTORS, STORAGE BATTERIES. AND SWITCHBOARDS. ADAMS & CO.— Store Sixth Ave., N. Y. AYLESMERB— Apartment House 76th St. and Columbus Ave., N. Y. BARON KNITTING MILLS Wythe Ave. and Penn St., Brooklyn. BERWIND, B. J.— Residence 2 East 64th St., N. Y. BROOKLYN BRIDGE FREEZING AND COLD STORAGE CO 11 Frankfort St., N. Y. CHESEBROUGH MFG. CO.— Vaseline Works Dwight and Sullivan Sts., Brooklyn GREEK-AMERICAN CONFECTIONERY CO 7-11 Marion St., N. Y. HOTEL ORLEANS 80th St. and Columbus Ave., N. Y. LA ROOHBLLE— Apartment House 75th St. and Columbus Ave., N. Y. LIBBMANN'S SONS' BREWERY Bremen St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ROOT MANUFACTURING CO.— Knitting Mills Cohoes, N. Y. SIBGEL-COOPER CC— Dry Goods Store 18th St. and 6th Ave., N. Y. SMITH & KAUFMANN— Ribbon Mills 549-559 W. 132d St., N. Y. S. I. RAPID TRANSIT CO.— Four Ferry Boats Foot of Whitehall St., N. Y. VANDERBILT, W. K.— Chateau "Idle Hour" Oakdale, L. I. MORTON, LEVI P.— Residence Fifth Ave., N. Y. COMPLETE WIRING, INCLUDING FIXTURES AND BELL, BURGLAR ALARM AND TELE- PHONE WORK. ADRIANCE MEMORIAL LIBRARY Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ATLANTIC YACHT CLUB Foot 55th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. CARNEGIE MUSIC HALL 57th St. and 7th Ave., N. Y. CHURCH OF THE HEAVENLY REST ■loth St. and 5th Ave., N. Y. DREW THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Madison, N. J. HARRIMAN. OLIVER, Jr.— Residence White Plains, N. Y. HOTEL CASTLBTON ;,;• ;a- :J,'- S!°^?^' xf- J- HOTEL ROYALTON 47-49 W. 43d St., N. Y. HOTEL ALBERT AND ST. STEPHEN 11th St. and University Place, N. Y. PIERREPONT— Apartment House 43-47 W 32d St., N. Y. MORTON, HON. LEVI P.— Residence 681 Fifth Ave., N. Y. MACY, V. EVERITT.— House and Stable Scarborough, N. T. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY • • ,• -/"';<=®'°°i.'^- •'• S. S. "ALGONQUIN." "IROQUOIS," and others Clyde Steamship Co. S. S. "EL RIO," "EL NORTE," "EL SUD," and others Morgan Steamship Co. ei THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. APPELLATE COURT, NEW YORK CITY, Main Hall, Looking Toward Elevator, John H* Shipway & Brother ARCHITECTURAL Marble and Mosaic Workers The Marble Work in the new Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, illustrated above, was exe- cuted by this firm. The Marble and Mosaic "Work in this building is considered by experts among architects and connoisseurs to be one of the best ex- amples of artistic marble working in this country. MILLS, OFFICE & WHARF J 36th St. & East River New York City THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. WRODGHT-IRON FRONT EXTRANCB— GATES IN RESIDENCE OP ERNESTO G. FABBRI, 11 AND 13 EAST 62D ST., NEW YORK CITY. RiCHEY, Browne & Donald, Q,^^^,^;gr^(fg^^j^l)(r^^s>^ ARCHITECTURAL IRON, BRASS AND BRONZE WORKERS (n*