sed and Illustrated, 191 HmflHWW'' — — --- —■ VM l ! i ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges of Agriculture and Home Economics at Cornell University JAMES E. RICE MEMORIAL POULTRY LIBRARY SF 485.A5 1912 UniVersi,vLibrar ' T mmZ,':S.±^.?l?.° f Perfection, ill 3 1924 003 039 397 Date Due Library Bureau Cat No. 1137 _ FROM TM£ LIBRARY OF OLNEY BROWN KENT 5r. a Cornell University 9 Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003039397 THE AMERICAN STANDARD OF PERFECTION ILLUSTRATED A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF ALL RECOGNIZED VARIETIES OF FOWLS AS REVISED BY THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION AT ITS THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING AT NIAGARA FALLS NEW YORK, NINETEEN HUNDRED NINE, AND AT ITS THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING AT ST. LOUIS MISSOURI, NINETEEN HUNDRED TEN Printed and Published by THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION 1910 E v>4:t>.j TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The public is expressly forbidden, on penalty of the law, to reproduce, duplicate, copy, seek to imitate or to make any other improper use of any of the illustrations contained in this book, all of which are the exclusive property of The American Poultry As- sociation, and protected by copyright in the United States, England and Canada. Permission to make quotations from the text of this book is granted, provided such quotations are disconnected, few in number, and are used solely for the dissemination of knowledge; but these quotations must not be used to an extent nor in a manner that will injure the sale of this work, nor may they be used for ad- vertising purposes, as in circulars, catalogues, etc. Notice is hereby given that any infringement of the copyright on the con- tents of this book will result in immediate prosecution. THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION. Copyright, 1910 Copyright, 1912 by THE AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Ali. BIGHTS RESERVED INTRODUCTION. The American Poultry Association was organized at a meeting held in the city of Buffalo, New York, February 15, 1873. The attendance was composed principally of delegates from state and county associations, prominent breeders and fanciers from different parts of the United States and Canada, and other interested persons. The object was to formulate and adopt a standard of excellence to be used exclusively by associa- tions in awarding prizes on exhibition poultry. A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and a complete standard was made for all the then-recognized varieties of domestic and ornamental fowls. Mr. W. H. Churchman, of Wilmington, Delaware, was the first president, and Mr. J. M. Wade, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, the first secretary. Provision was made for annual meet- ings, at which changes could be made in the adopted standard, and matters of national importance concerning the poultry interest might be considered and acted on. Nearly every large city and poultry center of importance has been visited in turn by these annual meetings. The work of standard making was so well done in the beginning that but few changes, and those of minor importance, have been found necessary. New breeds and varieties have been added; but the policy has been, and is, to admit only such as have become well established, and that clearly are entitled to the distinctive term, "standard-bred." The first edition of the Standard was printed and issued to the public in February, 1874. It has been followed by others containing such changes and additions as have been made from time to time by authority of The American Poultry Association. The American Standard of Perfection, as now given to the 3 * AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION poultry world, contains all changes in and additions to the con- stitution and by-laws, and the text of the Standard, as authorized to the present time. The first illustrated revision was begun by the appointment of an Editorial Committee at Chicago, Janu- ary, 1901, and the appointment of a Committee on Illustrated Standard, at Buffalo, in October, 1901. At Cleveland, Decem- ber, 1902, these two committees were merged and the number of members increased to fifteen. Several weeks were devoted to the work of carefully revising the description of every variety. The proposed changes and additions were fully considered, and there was much discussion in the poultry press. Prominent fanciers and breeders, representatives of specialty clubs and foremost poultry artists were called to the assistance of the Com- mittee on Revision. The committee's completed report was presented at the twenty-eighth annual meeting of The American Poultry Association, held at Rochester, New York, February 2, 1904. After four days of earnest consideration, resulting in further amendment, it was adopted by unanimous vote, and ordered published in book form as herewith presented. The descriptions and illustrations now published in this latest revised edition of The American Standard or Perfection are those agreed Upon by the high authorities consulted, as cor- rect representations of ideal specimens. In the conception and formation of these ideals, the artistic in form and color, and the possibilities of nature, were the guides, while beauty and utility are the results sought to be obtained. With this brief foreword of explanation, the present edition is offered to the public, in the interests of poultry culture. INTRODUCTION TO THE 1910 REVISION. The constitution of The American Poultry Association provides that "A general revision of The American Standard of Perfection shall take place once in five years and not oftener " (Article X, Section 1, Constitution). In pursuance of such purpose the Association at its thirty-third annual meeting at Niagara Falls, New York, August 11, 1908, by resolution appointed a committee, to be known as the Revision Committee for 1910. The committee was empowered to revise and change such of the text and illustra- tions contained in the Standard of 1905 as it wished to recom- mend in the form of a report. A general invitation was extended through the poultry press by the president of The American Poultry Association to every fancier, who had bought a copy of the Standard of Per- fection, to offer criticisms and suggestions. The secretary- treasurer mailed to all members of the Association, including life, annual, associate, club and society members, letters asking each member to offer criticisms and suggestions as to both the text and illustration of the then present Standard of Perfection for incorporation in the new revision of the Standard. A vast amount of useful and helpful material was in this way furnished the committee, which at a meeting in Chicago, Illinois, April 6-21, 1909, and at Niagara Falls, August 9-10, 1909, carefully con- sidered every proposed change, omission and addition. The decisions arrived at were embodied in a report to the Association at its thirty-fourth annual meeting, August 10-12, at Niagara Falls, New York. All members had been given notice by mail ninety days before the meeting, of the proposed changes. The report of the committee was taken up in detail by the Association and, after amendment and correction, was adopted as herein pub- 5 6 AMERICA* POULTRY ASSOCIATION lished. The illustrations were presented to the thirty-fifth annual meeting ol' the Association at St. Louis, Missouri, August 1. ">-','(), 1910. After alterations, under the direction of special committees of experts, were made, the illustrations were approved by vole of the Association. As the constitution and by-laws of The American Poultry Association arc liable to be amended and changed at each meet- ing and the general revision of the Standard cannot be made oftener than once in five years, the Association has deemed it wise that the constitution and by-laws shall not be printed in the Standard, except the article providing for the adoption of new breeds and the article providing for American Poultry Show rules. These two articles will be found herein. TO THE POULTRY ASSOCIATIONS OF AMERICA. Recognizing your loyalty to The American Poultry Asso- ciation, and believing that a few general rules will be bene- ficial in conducting poultry exhibitions at which The American Standard of Perfection is advertised to govern the placing of the awards, we submit the following, with the request that the same importance be attached to them as to other parts of the Standard : Poultry associations at whose exhibitions The American Standard of Perfection is used, are requested to give preference to judges who are members of The American Poultry Associa- tion. Judges who are members of this organization are accredited thereby, to the extent of being in good standing, and it is reason- able to conclude that they will apply properly the law of the Association as contained in its Standard. Judges employed by you should be required to follow and apply the Standard literally, carefully considering each section of every specimen, according to the scale of points provided for the several breeds. No section is to be ignored. Each section is regarded as important by The American Poultry Association, and should a judge pass a specimen without considering all points, the exhibitor shall be allowed the privilege of protesting the deci- sion, and such protest is to be entertained and properly disposed of by the local association. Protests are to be entertained by local associations only in cases of apparent dishonesty, ignorance or carelessness on the part of the judge. In scoring the specimens in dispute, the judge, together with the president and secretary of the local association (or representatives appointed by the management of the local association), shall constitute a committee of three, and the major- 7 8 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION itv decision of this committee shall be final. Score cards made out by the judge in deciding proteslcd awards are to be retained by the local association. When protests are entertained, where the judging has been done by score card, the specimens under dispute shall be re- scored by the judge, he to act as a member of the committee of three, as provided, the re-scoring to be done in the presence of the other two members of the committee on protests. Protests are not to be entertained except when made in writ- ing, and the person making same shall deposit with the secretary of the local association the sum of five dollars, this money to be returned to the person making the protest if his protest be sus- tained; if protest be not sustained, the deposit becomes the property of the local association. A uniform style of score card is recommended, with a view to having all associations use the same scale of points, and thus assist in making the work of the judges more accurate and uni- form. The form of score card printed in this book is used and recommended by a large majority of the leading judges. It is not copyrighted, and local associations are requested to use it, each card to bear these words : " Official Score Card of The American Poultry Association." Special consideration is to be given the matter of Standard weights and proper size at score-card shows and at comparison shows, respectively. Each specimen at all score-card shows shall be correctly weighed, regardless of circumstances. The practice of allowing a few ounces is expressly forbidden, inas- much as it works great injustice. It has a harmful influence on the judge, the exhibitor, the local association and the industry at large, and many times deprives prudent and worthy fanciers of prizes rightfully due them. Ain* exhibitor found guilty of faking, or of showing borrowed birds, shall be debarred from competition and shall forfeit any prize or prizes that may have been awarded him. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 9 It is respectfully recommended that local associations, specialty clubs, and other organizations, advertise in their premium lists and otherwise that their exhibitions will be conducted under the rules of The American Poultry Association, and that the in- structions to judges, general disqualifications, and other provi- sions and requirements of The American Standard of Perfec- tion shall govern. Fraternally, The American Poultry Association. CONTENTS A PAGE Admission of new breeds 328 American class 36 Anconas, shape 160 Color 161 Andalusians, Blue, shape 157 Color 158 Asiatic class 104 B Bantams, Bearded White Polish 276 Black-Breasted Red Malay, shape and color 248 Black Cochin, illustrated 266, 267 Black Japanese 271 Black-Tailed Japanese 270 Black-Tailed Japanese, illustrated 272, 273 Booted White, shape 261 Booted White, color 262 Brahma, shape and color 263 Buff Cochin, illustrated 264, 265 Buff-Laced Polish 276 Cochin, shape and color 268 Game, shape and color 231 Golden Sebright 253 Japanese, shape 269 Non-Bearded Polish varieties 277 Ornamental 250 Polish, shape 274 Rose-Comb, shape 257 Rose-Comb, Black 260 Rose-Comb Black, illustrated 258 259 Rose-Comb, White 260 Sebright, shape 252 Silver Sebright 256 Silver Sebright, illustrated 254 255 White Japanese 271 10 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 11 PAGE Brahmas, shape 105 Light 107 Light, illustrated 108, 109 Dark 1 10 Dark, illustrated 112, 113 Buckeyes, shape 100 Color 101 Illustrated 102, 103 Class, American 36 Asiatic 104 Ducks 295 English 163 French 205 Games and Game Bantams 215 Geese 315 Hamburgs 192 Mediterranean 131 Miscellaneous 278 Orientals 232 Ornamental Bantams 249 Polish 180 Turkeys 285 Cochins, shape 115 Black 125 Buff 118 Buff, illustrated 120, 121 Partridge 119 Partridge, illustrated 122, 123 White 125 Comparison system, in applying the 31 Constitution 328 Contents 10 Cornish 233 Dark 235 Dark, illustrated 236, 237 White 238 White-laced, Red 239 White-laced, Red, illustrated 240, 241 Crevecoeurs, shape 211 Color 212 Cutting for defects 33 12 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION D PAGE Description of breeds . . 36 Diagram of fowl 17 Disqualifications, general 32 Dominiques, shape 92 Dominiques, illustrated .... 93a, 936 Color 93 Dorkings, shape 104 Colored 107 Silver Gray 106 Silver Gray, illustrated 108, 169 White " 165 Duck class 295 Ducks, Aylesbury, shape and color 297 Black East India, shape and color 307 Blue Swedish, shape 314 Blue Swedish, color 314 Call, shape 305 Cayuga, shape and color 304 Colored Muscovy 309 Crested White, shape 307 Crested White, color 308 Gray Call 305 Indian Runner, shape and color 310, 311 Indian Runner, illustrated 312, 313 Muscovy, shape 309 Pekin, shape 297 Pekin, color 297 Pekin, illustrated 298, 299 Rouen, shape 300 Rouen, color 301 Rouen, illustrated . . 302, 303 White Call 306 White Muscovy 310 E English class 163 F French class 205 Frizzles 284 G Game and Game Bantam class 215 Game Bantams 231 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 13 PAGE Games 216 Shape 216 Birchen 226 Black 230 Black-Breasted Red 218 Black-Breasted Red, Illustrated 220, 221 Brown Red 219 Golden Duckwing 222 Red Pyle 227 Red Pyle, illustrated 228. 229 Silver Duckwing 223 Silver Duckwing, illustrated 224. 225 White 230 Geese class 315 Geese, African, shape and color 321 Brown Chinese, color 322 Chinese, shape 322 Egyptian, shape and color ... 326 Embden, shape and color 320 Toulouse, shape and color 317 Toulouse, illustrated 318, 319 White Chinese, color 323 White Chinese, illustrated .... 324, 325 Wild or Canadian, shape fnd color 323 General disqualifications 32 Glossary of technical terms 18 H Hamburgs class 192 Hambchgs, shape 193 Black 204 Golden Penciled 197 Golden Penciled, illustrated 200, 201 Golden Spangled 194 Silver Penciled 203 Silver Spangled 196 Silver Spangled, illustrated 198, 199 White 204 Houdans, shape 206 Color 207 Illustrated 208. 209 14 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION I PAGE Instructions to judges ^9 Introduction 3 J Javas, shape 88 Black 89 Black, illustrated 90, 91 Mottled 92 Judges, instructions to 29 La Fleche, shape 213 Color 214 Langshans, shape 126 Black 130 Black, illustrated ] 28, 129 White 130 Leghohns, shape 132 Black 143 Brown 134 Brown, illustrated 136, 137 Buff 142 Buff, illustrated , 144, 145 Silver 146 White 134 White, Single-Comb, illustrated 138, 139 White, Rose-Comb, illustrated 140, 141 M Malays, Black-Breasted Red 245 Shape 245 Color 247 Mediterranean class 131 Minorcas, shape 148 Black 152 Black, illustrated 150, 151 White 152 Miscellaneous class 278 N Nomenclature 17 New Breeds, admission of 328 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 15 O PAGE Official score card 28 Oriental class 232 Ornamental Bantam class 249 Orpingtons, shape 174 Buff 176 Buff, illustrated 178, 179 Black 177 White 177 Plymouth Rocks, shape 38 Barred 39 Barred, illustrated 40, 41 Buff 43 Buff, illustrated 40, 47 Columbian 56 Columbian, illustrated .58, 59 Partridge .... 52 Partridge, illustrated 54, 55 Silver Penciled 48 Silver Penciled, illustrated .50, 51 White 42 White, illustrated 44, 45 Polish class 180 Polish, shape 181 Bearded Golden 183 Bearded Silver 186 Bearded Silver, illustrated 188, 189 Bearded White 187 Buff Laced 190 Non-Bearded varieties 191 White-Crested Black 182 White-Crested Black, illustrated 184, 185 R Redcaps, shape 171 Color 172 Rhode Island Reds, shape 94 Color 96 Blustrated 98. 99 16 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION S page Score card, official 28 Show-Rules 329 Silkies, shape 279 Color 281 Spanish, White-Faced Black, shape 153 Color 156 Elustrated 154, 155 Sultans, shape 282 Color 283 Sumatras, Black, shape 243 Color 244 T To the Poultry Associations of America 7 Turkey class 285 Turkeys, shape 286 Black 292 Bourbon Red . . 294 Bronze 287 Bronze, illustrated 288 289 Buff 293 Narragansett 290 Slate 293 White Holland 292 W Wyandottes, shape gj Black 70 Buff 71 Buff, illustrated 74 75 Columbian g^ Columbian, illustrated gg g7 Golden gg Golden, illustrated gg gg Partridge 7g Partridge, illustrated 70 7Q Silver. .^ 62 Silver, illustrated g 4 fif . Silver Penciled ' on Silver Penciled, illustrated a V 00 White .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.': ?o White, illustrated 7g" _„ .■:-•" y^f^fj Beak. 1 Comb 2 Face. 3 Wattles. 4 Ear-lobe. 5 Hackle. 6 Breast. 7 Back. 8 Saddle. NOMENCLATURE DIAGRAM OF FOWL 9 Saddle feathers. 10 Sickles. 11 Lesser sickles. 12 Tail-coverts. 13, 13 Main tail feathers. 14 Wing-bow. 15 Wing-coverts, forming wing-bar. 16 Secondaries, wing-bay. 17 Primaries, or flight feathers. 17 18 Flight-coverts, 19 Fluff. 20 Body. 21 Thigh. 22, 22 Knee-joints. 23, 23 Shanks. 24 Spur. 25, 25 Toes, or claws. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. Barring : Bars or stripes extending across a feather at right angles to its length, or nearly so. (See Figs. 1, 2 and 3.) Beard: In chickens, a group of feathers pendent from the throat, as in Houdans and Polish. In turkeys, a tuft of coarse, bristly hairs, four to six inches long, projecting from upper part of breast of mature males. ^■k Bean: A hard, bean-shaped protuberance growing at tip iJUmi of the upper mandible of a water fowl. (See Fig. 4.) 1 Beak: The projecting mouth parts of chickens and tur- keys, consisting of upper and lower mandibles. Bill: The projecting mouth parts of water fowl, con sisting of upper and lower mandibles. (See Fig. 4.) Blade: The rear part of a single comb, back of the last well-defined point, usually extending beyond the crown of the head. (See Fig. 5.) Brassiness : Having the color of brass ; yellowish. Breed: A race of fowls, the mem- bers of which maintain distinctive shape characteristics that they possess in common. Breed is a broader term than variety. Breed includes varieties, as, for example, the Barred, White and Buff va- rieties of the Plymouth Rock breed. Brood: All the young birds hatched or cared for at one time by one mother, or in one brooder. Cape: The short feathers on the back, underneath the hackle, shaped like a cape. Carriage: The attitude, bearing or style of a bird. Caruncles: Small fleshy protuberances, as on the head of a turkey. Carunculated : Having caruncles. Cavernous: Applied to the hollow protruding nostrils of the crested breeds. Chicks: The young of the domestic hen, properly applied until the sex can be distinguished; sometimes used to designate specimens less than one year old, 18 Fig. 1. Barred Feather, Fe male (ideal). Fig. 2. Barred Hackle Feather, (ideal). Male STANDARD OF PERFECTION 19 Penciling, Parallel Form (ideal). Chickens: Specifically, the young of the domestic hen prior to the de- velopment of adult plumage; used as a general term to designate all domestic fowls, except turkeys, ducks, geese, pea -fowl and guinea-fowl. Cock: A male fowl one year old and over. Cockerel: A male fowl less than one year old. Comb : The fleshy protuberance growing on the top of a fowl's head. The standard varieties of combs are: Single, rose, pea, v-shaped and strawberry, all others being modifications of these. (See diagram of fowl; also Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.) Condition: The state of a fowl as regards health, cleanli- ness and order of plumage. Coverts: See tail, flight and wing-coverts. Creaminess: Having the color of cream; light yellow. Crest: A crown or tuft of feathers on the head of a fowl. (See Fig. 9.) Crop: The receptacle in which a fowl's food is accum- ulated before it passes into the gizzard. Cushion: The mass of feathers at rear of back of a fowl, partly covering the tail; well-developed in Cochin females. Daw: The pinkish-yellow color found in eyes of the Oriental and some other varieties of Games. Dewlap : A pendulous skin developed under the throat. Disqualification: A deformity or serious defect that renders a fowl un- worthy to win a prize. Disqualified: Applied to a fowl that is unworthy to win a prize. Down: The first hairy covering of chicks; also the tiny tufts of hair-like growth that sometimes are found on the shanks, toes or feet of fowls. (Note: If quill and web are discernible to the eye, it is a feather.) Drake: A male of the duck family. Dubbing : Cutting off the comb, wattles and ear-lobes, so as to leave the head smooth. Duck : A female of the duck family, as dis- tinguished from the drake, or male. Duckling : The young of the duck family, in the downy stage of plumage prior to the development of feathers. Duck-Footed: The hind toe carried forward. (See Fig. 11.) Ear-Lobes : The folds of bare skin just below the ears, sometimes called "deaf-ears." Ear-lobes vary in color in different breeds, being red, Fig. 4. Head of a Duck (ideal): A, Bill; B, Bean. 20 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Fig. 5. A type of Single Comb (ideal) : 1, Base; 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, Points; 3, Blade. For other types see Plymouth Rocks, Minorcas, Javas, etc. Fig. G. A type of Rose Comb (ideal): 1, Base; 2, Rounded Points; 3, Spike. See Diagram of Fuwl, page 15, for Ideal Wyandotte Comb. Fi B . r. Pea Crab, Profile (ideal). Fig. S. Pea Comb, Quartering View (ideal). Fig. 9. Sultan Head, Male (ideal) t 1, 1, V-Shaped Comb; 2, Crest; 3, 3, Muffs; 4, Beard. Fig. 10. Strawberry Comb (ideal). STANDARD OF PERFECTION Fig 11.. Duck- Footed (a defect). white, purple, cream, etc.; they also vary greally in size. (See dia- gram of fowl.) Face: The bare skin on the head of .a fowl around and below the eyes (See diagram of fowl.) Faking: Removing, or attempting to remove, foreign color in face or ear- lobes when it is a disqualification; removing one or more side sprigs, or trimming a comb in any manner, except the dubbing of Games; arti- ficial coloring of any feather; splicing feathers; injury to plumage of any fowl entered by another exhibitor; plugging up holes on legs of smooth-legged varieties where feathers or stubs disqualify; staining of legs; in fact, any self-evident attempt on the part of an exhibitor to deceive the judge and thus obtain an unfair advan- tage in competition. Feather: A growth formed of a dis- cernible quill and a vane (called web) upon each side of it. [Note: If the quill is not discern- ible to the eye, it is down.) Flights: The primary feathers of the wing, used in flying, but folded up out of sight, or nearly so, when the fowl is at rest. Flight-Coverts : The short, moderately-stiff feathers located at the base of the wing primaries, or flight feathers, and partly covering their quills. Fluff: The soft feathers about thighs and posterior part of a fowl; also the soft, downy under-part of a feather. (See diagram of fowl ; also Fig. 19.) Frosting: A marginal edging or tracing of color on feathers of laced, spangled and penciled varieties. (See Fig. 13.) Furnished : Applicable to a cockerel with fully-developed comb, hackle, saddle, tail, etc. Gills: A term that is applied to the wattles. (See "Wattles.") Gipsy Color: Dark purple, ap- proaching black. Hackle: The neck plumage of either sex, formed of the hackle feathers. (See diagram of fowl.) Hackle Feathers: The long, narrow feathers growing on the neck of a fowl, either sex. (See Figs. 2 and 14.) Hangers: A term sometimes applied to the lesser sickles and tail-coverts. (See diagram of fowl.) Laced FSte(ideaD. HEN-FEATHERED : A male bird that Frosting^a defect), 22 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION lbles hen, owing to the absence of sickles, pointed hackle feathers, etc., is said to be "hen-feathered. Hock: See "Knee-Joint." (Also diagram of fowl.) Jaw: The base of the upper and lower man- dibles. Knee- Joint: The joint between the thigh and shank. Knock-Kneed : A deformity in which the legs come too near together at the knee-joints and are bent outward, laterally, below the knees. Laced, Lacing: A feather edged or bordered with a band of color differing from the body color of feather. (See Fig. 12.) Leaf Comb: A combination of two small single combs, having serrated, leaf-like edges; the original Houdan comb, now replaced in America by the v-shaped comb. (See Fig. 9. )x Leg: Includes thigh and shank. Leg Feathers: Feathers grow- ; ing on the outer side of the shank, as in Asiatics. (See Fig. 28.) Lopped Comb: A comb falling over to one side. To disqualify (see "General Disqualifications"), in a single comb, some portion must fall below the horizontal plane where the comb begins to lop; in the rose or pea comb varieties it must lop over 1SQua ' far enough to come in contact with one side of the fowl's head. (See Figs. 15 and 27.) Lesser Sickles: (See "Sickles.") Mealy: Having the appearance of being sprinkled with meal. Applied to buff varieties where the ground color is stippled with a lighter color. (See "Stip- ple"; also Fig. 16.) Mossy: Irregular, dark penciling appearing in centers of laced feathers and destroying the desirable con- trast of color. (See Fig. 17.) Mottled: Plumage marked on the surface with spots of U different colors or shades of color. MealJiS defect). Muffs : The cluster of feathers covering the sides of the Fig. 14. Striped Feather (ideal). X Fig. 15 Lopped Rose Comb (a STANDARD OF PERFECTION 38 .17. Mossy fa defect). face below the eyes, extending from the beard to the ear-lobes and found only on bearded varieties. (See Fig. 9.) Obtuse Angle: An angle greater than a right-angle, i.e., one containing more than 90 degrees. Parti-Colored : Feathers or fowls having two or more colors. Pea. Comb: A triple comb, of medium length, resem- bling three straight, single combs placed parallel with one another, and joined at base and rear, each having short but distinctly-divided serrations, the serrations of the two outer rows being lower and smaller than those of the middle row, and those of each row being larger and somewhat thicker midway of the comb than at front and rear. (See Figs. 7 and 8.) Pen: A male and four females. Penciling: Small markings or stripes on a feather. They may run straight across, as in the penciled Hamburgs, in which case they frequently are called bars, or may follow the out- line of a feather, taking a crescentic form, as in the Dark Brahmas, Partridge Cochins, etc. (See Figs. 3 and 18.) Peppered, Peppering: Sprinkled with gray or black. (See "Mealy.") Plumage: The feathers of a fowl. Poult: The young of the domestic turkey, properly applied until the sex can be distinguished, when they become cockerels and pullets. Poultry: Domestic fowls reared for exhibition, for the table, or for their eggs or feathers. Primaries: The flight feathers of the wing, hidden, or nearly so, when the wing is closed. Profile: A direct side view of a fowl, applied both to live specimens and to illustrations. Pullet: A female fowl less than one year old. Quill- The hollow, horny, basal part or stem of a feather. (See "Shaft"; also Fig. 19.) Rose Comb : A low, thick, solid comb, the upper surface of which should be covered with small, rounded points. This comb terminates in a well-developed spike, which may turn upward, as in Hamburgs, be pig. 19. Fig. 18. Penciling, Crescentic Form (ideal). AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Kg. 20. . , One Form d Shafting defect). (a nearly level, as in the Rose-Comb Leghorns, or turn downward, as in the Wyandottes. (See Figs. and 15; also diagram of fowl, page 15, for ideal Wyandotte comb.) Rooster: A lerm commonly applied to a cockerel or cock, but not used by fanciers. Saddle : The rear part of the back of a male bird, extending to the tail and covered by the saddle feathers. (See diagram of fowl.) Saddle Feathers: The feathers growing out of the saddle. (See diagram of fowl.) Saddle Hackles: The long, narrow, pointed feathers growing from a male bird's saddle and drooping at the sides. Scaly Legs : A fowl's legs having an incrustation or deposit upon and beneath the scales. Secondaries : The long quill feathers that grow on the second joint or fore-arm of a fowl's wing, vis- ible when the wing is folded. With the prima- ries , they constitute the main feathers of the wing. (See diagram of fowl.) Solid Color, Self-Color: A uniform color, unmixed with any other. Serrated : Notched along the edge like a saw. Serration: One of the projections of a serrate formation, as a serrated comb. Shaft: The stem of a feather, especially the part filled with pith which bears the barbs. (See Figs. 19 and 20.) Shafting: The shaft of the plume portion of the feather being lighter or darker in color than the web of the feather. (See Fig. 20.) Shank: The lower, scaly part of a fowl's leg, ex- elusive of the foot and toes. kles: The long, curved feathers of a male bird's tail, properly applied tair only, but sometimes used in referring to the prominent tail-coverts, which also are called lesser sickles. (See diagram of fowl.) Side Sprigs: Extraneous, well-defined growths on the side of a comb. (See Fig. 21.) Single Comb: A comb consisting of a single, thin, fleshy, serrated forma- tion, rising from the beak and ex- tending backward over the crown of the head, and, in males, beyond Slipped Wing and Twisted Feather (defects). the head. (See Fig. 5.) Fig. 21. One Form ot' side Sprigs (a disqualification). hi Split or Fish-Tail Comb: A single comb in -which the blade is divided and the two parts overlap; another form is a tendency toward a double blade, in which the comb is divided perpen- dicularly. (See Illustration.) STANDARD OF PERFECTION 25 Supped Wing: A wing of a fowl not closely folded and held up in proper position; a defect resulting from injury, or from weakness of muscles of wing. (See Fig. 22.) Spangle: A clearly-defined marking of distinctive color, located at the end of a spangled feather. (See Fig. 2;>.) Spangled: Plumage made up of spangled feathers. Splashed Feather: A feather with colors scattered and irregularly intermixed. (See Fig. 24.) Split or Fish-Taii. Comb: (See Opposite Page.) Spue: A horn-like protuberance, growing from the inner side of the shank of a fowl; may be knob-like or pointed, according to the age of the fowl and the sex. (See diagram of fowl.) Squirrel Tail: A fowl's tail, any portion of which pro- jects forward toward the neck, beyond a perpen- dicular line drawn from the junc- ture of tail and back. (See Fig. 25 ) Stag: A term used for a young male, chiefly employed by game fanciers. Station: Ideal pose, embodying stand- ard style and symmetry, notably height and reach, as applied to Games. Stipple: Verb: To execute in stipple, i.e., draw, paint or engrave by means of dots instead of lines. Noun: The effect obtained in color work by the use of dots instead of lines or strokes. (See Fig. 2(i.) Strain: A family of any variety of fowls bred in line by descent by one fancier, or a successor, during a num- ber of years, that has acquired individual characteris- tics which distinguish it more or less from other (i Fig. 23. Spangled Feather leal). Fig. 24. Example of a Splashed Feather (a defect). strains or specimens of the same variety. Strawberry Comb: Approaching in shape the outline and surface of a strawberry. (See Fig. 10.) Surface Color: The visible color of the plumage when a fowl is at rest. (See "Under-Color.") Symmetry: Perfection of proportion; the harmony of all the parts or sections of a fowl, viewed as a whole, with regard to the standard type of the breed it represents. Tail-Coverts: The curved feathers in front of and at the sides of the tail, Fig. 25. Squirrel Tail (a disqualification ex- cept in Japanese Bantams). AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION ."*H Fife. 26. Stippled Feather (ideal). usually of same color as the tail, but sometimes laced or penciled. (See diagram of fowl.) Tail Feathers, Main : The straight and stiff feathers of the tail that are contained inside the sickles and tail-coverts; the top pair are sometimes slightly curved, but generally are straight. (See diagram of fowl.) Thighs: That part of the legs above the shanks. (See diagram of fowl.) Thtjib Mark: A disfiguring depression which some- times appears in the side of a single comb. (See Fig. 27.) Toe-Feathering: The feathers on (See Fig. 28.) Topknot: A word wrongly used as meaning crest; no longer employed by fanciers. Trio: One male and two females. Twisted Comb: An irregularly- shaped comb, falling or curving from side to side, being dis- torted from the normal, perpendicular position. (See Fig 2!).) Twisted Feather: Feather with quill or shaft twisted. (See Fig. 22.) Typical: Expressing a characteristic, in color or form, representative of a breed or variety — ■ p„_ i j. • i i . , „ onowing topped single uomD, tor example, typical shape, meaning the form Thumb Mark, Wrinkled Ear- peculiar to a breed. 'wieW^uTU^ Under-Color: The color of the downy portion of (defects). the plumage, not visible when the plumage of a fowl is in its natural position. (See Fig. 19.) Variety : A subdivision of a breed (see definition of breed) used to distinguish fowls having the standard shape of the breed to which they belong, but differing in color of plumage, shape of comb, etc., from other groups of the same breed. The general difference between th "breed" and Fig. 27. Showing Lopped Single Comb, Fig. 28. Cochin Leg and Toe Feathering: A, T'pper Thigh; B,B, Lower Thigh; C,C, Shank; D,D, Toe. makes the breed ; color the variety. e terms variety" is well brought out in the statement, Shape popular among fanciers, 5: STANDARD OF PERFECTION 27 Fig. 29. One Form of Twisted Single Comb (a defect). Vulture-Hock (Vulture-Feathered) : The stiff quill feathers growing on the ^ thighs, extending backward, straight beyond the knee-joint or "hock"; to disqualify, they must be without a sufficient quantity of fluffy feathers to relieve the stiff appearance and fill up the sharp angles, viewed in profile. (See Fig. 30.) V-Shaped Comb: A comb formed of two well-de- fined, horn-like sections. (See Fig. 9.) Wattles. The pendent growths at the sides and base of the beak. Web: Web of Feather: The flat or plumed portion of a feather, made up of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft. Web of Feet: The flat skin between the toes. Web of W r ings: The tri- angular skin attaching the wing to the body, visible when wing is extended. Wing-Bar: The stripe or bar of color extending across the middle of the wing, formed by the color or mark- ing of the wing-coverts. (See dia- gram of fowl.) Wing-Bay: The triangular section of the wing, below the wing-bar, formed by the exposed portion of the secondaries when the wing is folded. (See diagram of fowl.) Wing-Bow: The upper or shoulder i'ig. ab. part of the wing. (See diagram Vulture-Hock (a disqualification in Coch- 4? a* l \ ins and Brahmas, a defect in Cochin Ban- Ot IOWl.) tarns and Brahma Bantams, standard in «r -r, m1 . r- .1 sultans). WiNG-roiNTs: Ihe ends ot the prima- ries; erroneously called "wing- butts." Wing-Coverts : The small, close feath- ers clothing the bend of the wing and covering the roots of the second- ary quills. (See diagram of fowl.) Wing-Fronts: The front edge of the wing at the shoulder. This section of the wing is sometimes called wing-butts. The term wing-fronts is recommended, thus avoiding con- fusion. Wry Tail: Tail of a fowl turned to one side, permanently so. (See Fig. 31.) Fig. 31. Showing Wry Tail (a disqualifica- tion) (Name of Association here) (Dud-, month, days and year show is held, here) Official Score Card of the American Poultry Association Exhibitor Va riety -" Neck — Sha]»e 3, Color ~> S Wings — Shape 4, Color .'> <) Hack — Shape 6, Color.. 11 Tail — Shape 5, Color 5 10 Breast — Shape 6, Color 5 11 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 3 _. 6 86 100 PLYMOUTH ROCKS. The Plymouth Rocks for many years have continued as America's most popular fowl. They belong to those classed as "general purpose fowls," breeds that have proven value as market-poultry and as layers. The pioneer variety was the Barred Plymouth Rock, which was first ex- hibited in March, 1869, at Worcester, Mass. In size the Plymouth Rock is intermediate between the Asiatic and Mediterranean breeds. The most typical and useful specimens are those which are bred nearest to Standard weights. They mature rapidly and have much merit to com- mend them to those growing poultry for market, as well as those desiring good egg production, as they are producers of large, brown eggs in goodly numbers. To one who is familiar with the extremes in fowls as regards length of the various sections, the Plymouth Rock will be recognized as medium, or rather long and rather deep in all sections. The six varieties — the Barred, White, Buff, Silver Penciled, Partridge and Columbian — axe identical, except in color. The color of the Barred variety is exceed- ingly difficult to describe; in fact, the true and exact shades can be learned only by observation. The colors should be modified black and white in all sections, the bars narrow, regular and running parallel across the feathers, the over-lapping of the feathers producing a bluish tinge when viewed under certain light-reflections. The perfect colored Barred Ply- mouth Rock should show the same shade of color in all sections and be barred to the skin. The White variety of this breed is clear white, as the name indicates. It should be free from brassiness. creaminess and straw color in all sections of the plumage. The combination of clear white plumage, with bright red comb, wattles, ear-lobes, face and eyes, and yellow legs and beak, is both desirable and obtainable. The shade of color in the plumage of the Buff variety is a rich golden buff. What are termed cinnamon and lemon buff are the two extremes that should be avoided. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable, i.e.. the same shade of color should prevail throughout the specimen. The contrast of black and white in males, and finely penciled steel-gray in females will attract many to the Silver Penciled variety. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9} lbs. Hen TUbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. 38 AMERICAS' POULTRY ASSOCIATION SHAPE OK MVEE. Head: Moderately large, broad, medium in length. Beak: Stout, comparatively short, regularly curved. Eyes: Full, prominent. Comb: Single, ralher small in proportion to size of specimen, set firmly on the head, straight and upright, evenly serrated, having five well- defined points, those in front and at rear a trifle smaller than the other three, giving the comb a semi-oval appearance when viewed from the side; fine in texture; blade not conforming too closely to head. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, moderately long, free from ser- rations, nicely rounded at the lower edges, equal in length, fine in texture, free from folds or wrinkles. Ear-lobes, oblong, smooth, hanging about half the length of wattles. Neck: Rather long, slightly arched, having abundant hackle flow- ing well over shoulders. Wings: Of medium size, well folded; wing-fronts well covered by the breast feathers and wing-points well covered by the saddle feathers. Back: Bather long, broad its entire length, flat at shoulders, nearly horizontal from neck to saddle, where there is a slight concave sweep to tail; saddle feathers, rather long, abundant, filling well in front of tail. Tail: Of medium length, moderately well spread, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal, forming no apparent angle with the back; sickles, well curved, covering tops of main tail feathers, conforming to the general shape of the tail; lesser sickles and tail-coverts of medium length, nicely curved and sufficiently abundant to almost hide the stiff feathers of the tail when viewed from front or side. Breast: Broad, moderately deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, rather long, broad, deep, full; keel-bone, rather long, straight, extending well forward, connecting with breast so as to make no break in outline. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, large, of medium length, well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, smooth, straight, stout, set well apart. Toes, straight, of medium length, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs or down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Moderately large, broad, medium in length. Beak: Comparatively short, regularly curved. Eyes: Full, prominent. Comb: Single, small, proportional to the size of the specimen, set firmly on the head, straight and upright, evenly serrated, having five well- defined points, those in front and at rear being somewhat smaller and shorter than the other three. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 39 "Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Walllcs, small, well rounded, equal in length, line in texture. Ear-lobes, oblong in shape, smooth. Neck: Medium in length, nicely curved and tapering lo head, where it is comparatively small; hackle, moderately full, flowing well over the shoulders with no apparent break at juncture of neck and back. Wings: Of medium size, well folded; wing-fronts, well covered by the breast feathers. Back: Rather long, broad its entire length, flat at shoulders, rising with a slightly concave incline to tail. Tail: Of medium length, fairly well spread, carried at an angle of thirty-five degrees from the horizontal, forming no apparent angle with the back; tail-coverts, well developed. Breast: Broad, moderately deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, rather long, moderately deep, full; keel bone, rather long, straight from front to rear and extending well forward, connected with the breast so as to make no break in outline. Fluff, full, of medium length. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium size and length, well covered with soft feathers. Shanks, of medium length, set well apart, stout and smooth. Toes, of medium size and length, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs or down, BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes; red in any part of plumage; two or more solid black primaries, secondaries or main tail feathers; shanks other than yellow, with due allowances for fading with age, dark spots not to disqualify. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Eak-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Yellow; red showing at outside of shanks back of scales, not a defect in males. Plumage: Grayish- white, each feather crossed by regular, narrow, parallel, sharply-defined, dark bars that stop short of positive black; free from shafting, brownish tinge or metallic sheen; the light and dark bars to be of equal width and to extend throughout the length of the feathers in all sections of the fowl, each feather on females ending with a narrow, dark tip, the combination of overlapping feathers giving the plumage a bluish appearance. 40 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 41 BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE 45 AM ERIC AX POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. Disqualification*. Positive white in ear-lobes; red, buff or positive black in any part of plumage; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow; red showing at outside of shanks back of scales, not a defect in males. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers, in all sections, pure white. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 43 BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS. Disqualification*. Positive white in ear-lobes; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow; red showing at outside of shanks, back of scales, not a defect. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows and saddle richly glossed; under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing a luster of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under- color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 44 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION* 45 WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE 46 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 47 BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE 48 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER PENCILED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes; shanks and toes other than yellow or dusky yellow. COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, silvery white. Beak: Yellow, or dusky yellow. Eyes: Reddish- bay. Comb, Face, Wattles axd Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, with a lustrous, greenish-black stripe extend- ing down each feather, and running nearly parallel with edges of feather, and tapering to a point near its extremity; under-color, slate or bluish- white. Wings: Wing-bows, silvery white; primaries, black, excepting a narrow edging of white on lower edge of lower web; secondaries, black, except lower half of lower web, which should be white, except near end of feathers, at which point the white terminates abruptly leaving the end of the feathers black; wing-coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming a well-defined bar of this color across wing when folded. Back: Silvery white, free from brown; saddle, silvery white, with a black stripe in each feather, same as hackle; under-color, slate or bluish- white. Tail: Black; sickles, lustrous greenish-black; coverts, lustrous green- ish-black, edged with white. Breast: Black; under-color, slate or bluish-white. Body axd Fluff: Body, black: under-color, slate or bluish-white. Fluff, black, slightly tinged with gray. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, yellow, or dusky yellow; red showing at outer sides of shanks back of scales, not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Yellow, or dusky yellow. Eyes : Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles axd Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, with broad black stripe running nearly parallel with edges and extending down middle of each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity and free from white shaft; under-color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, with narrow edge of steel-gray penciling on lower web; secondaries, upper web black, lower web gray, with distinct dark penciling extending around outer edge of feather; shoulder and wing- STANDARD OF PERFECTION 4!) coverts, steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather; under-color, slate. Back: Steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which con- form to shape of feather; feathers free from white shaft; under-color, slate. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which are penciled on upper edge; coverts, gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which con- form to shape of feather. Breast; Steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather, the penciling reaching well up on throat; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather, the penciling reaching well down on thighs. Fluff, steel-gray, tinged with lighter shade; under- color, slate. Legs and Toes. Thighs, gray, with distinct penciling. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. Note: Each feather in hock, breast, body and wing-bows to have two or more distinct pencilings. 50 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER PENCILED PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 51 SILVER PENCILED PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE 52 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION PARTRIDGE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes; positive white extending into tail feathers of cockerel; shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, bright red. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright red, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe running nearly parallel with edges and extending through each feather, taperino- to a point near its extremity; under-color, slate. Wings: Wing-bows, dark red; fronts, black; primaries, black, lower edges of web, reddish-bay; secondaries, black, outside web reddish-bay terminating with greenish-black at end of each feather; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming well-defined bar of this color across wing when folded. Back: Dark red; saddle, bright red, with lustrous greenish-black stripe down the middle of each feather, same as in hackle; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with bright red. Breast: Lustrous black; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, black. Fluff, black; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black, under-color, slate. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, mahogany brown. Beak: Dark horn, shading into yellow at point. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck- Bright red, with a lustrous black stripe extending down the middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edge of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Wing-bows, mahogany brown, penciled with black; pri maries, black, with edging of mahogany brown on outer web; second- aries, inner web black, outer web mahogany brown penciled with black, penciling conforming to shape of feather. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 53 Back: Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the out- lines of penciling conforming to shape of feather; under-color, slate. Tail: Black, the two top feathers black, penciled with mahogany brown on upper edge; coverts, mahogany brown, penciled with black. Breast: Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the pen- ciling being of same character as that of back and extending to throat; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, mahogany brown, penciled with black. Fluff, mahogany brown; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes : Thighs, mahogany brown, penciled with black. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. 54 AMERICAN POl'LTRY ASSOCIATION PARTRIDGE PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 55 PARTRIDGE PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE .56 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLUMBIAN PLYMOUTH ROCKS. D isquul ificatimus ■ Positive white in ear-lobes; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Yellow, with dark stripe down upper mandible. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Co.mb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, white; hackle, web white, with solid, lustrous greenish-black stripe extending from fluff down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Under-color, white, bluish-white or slate. Wings: Wing-bows, white, except fronts which may be partly black; primaries, black, with white edging on lower edge of lower web; second- aries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing- bay, the white extending around ends of feathers and lacing upper por- tion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on surface when wing is folded; remainder of ea,ch secondary, black. Back: Surface color, white; cape, black and white; saddle, white, with occasional feathers striped with black; under-color, either white, bluish-white or slate. Tail: Black, the curling feathers underneath, white, or black and white; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color at juncture with body, white, bluish white or slate. Body and Fluff: Body, white, except under wings where it may be white, bluish-white or slate; under-color, white or bluish-white. Fluff, white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, surface color, white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Shanks and toes, yellow; red showing at outer sides back of scales not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Yellow, or yellow with dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck : Hackle, beginning at juncture of head with neck, web, white, STANDARD OF PERFECTION 57 with a solid, wide, lustrous greenish-black stripe, extending down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Wing-bows, white; primaries, black, with white edging on lower edge of lower web; secondaries, lower portion of lower web, white, sufficient to secure a white wing-bay, the white extending around the ends and lacing upper portion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on the surface when wing is folded; remainder of each secondary, black. Back: Surface, white, occasional black ticking not a serious defect; cape, white, or black and white: under-color, white, bluish- white or slate. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which are edged with white; tail-coverts, black, edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color, at juncture with body, white or bluish-white. Body and Fluff: Body, white, except under wings, where it may be white or bluish-white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Fluff, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Shanks and toes, yellow. 58 AMERICAS POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLUMBIAN PLYMOUTH ROCK MALE STANDARD Of PERFECTION 50 COLUMBIAN PLYMOUTH ROCK FEMALE WYANDOTTES. The Wyandottes* are of American origin and were known in their early history by several names — each section of the country where they were found seeming to have a name that was given by the breeder who first introduced them. They were known as Sebrights, Mooneys, Ameri- can Sebrights and a number of names which their peculiar markings would indicate. The name Wyandotte was not applied until they were admitted to the Standard in 1883. It was thought by some that this name would injure their popularity, but by eliminating all former names it seems to have done much to make them the more popular. Just what breeds entered into the first Silver Wyandottes it is impossible to say. That Dark Brahmas and Silver Spangled Hamburgs were two of them, has been proven, as a cross of these two gives a breed that resembles them, but fails in shape and partly in color, showing that some other- — • an unknown — cross was added. They have, since their admission to the Standard, been one of the most popular middle-weight breeds. The wide range of color found in the eight varieties allows every admirer to indulge his fancy. Each variety has points of color difficult to obtain, and when obtained, places a high valuation on the specimen. No one variety can claim a higher fancy or commercial value than the other, as all are popular, and all are much sought for. Whichever varietv one may choose, he will find interesting color problems to solve. In the Whites, it will be how to secure fine white plumage and escape creami- ness and brassiness; in the Blacks, how to obtain greenish, glossy black, without the purple barring; in the Silvers, how to obtain silvery hackles and saddles free from brassiness, large, oval white centers free from mossiness, and breast lacing free from white edging; in the Goldens, how to get the correct shade of golden bay, which in this variety supplants the white of the Silvers; in the Buffs, how to secure an even shade of rich, golden buff, and have the same shade of color prevail through the speci- men, and to avoid the out-cropping of black and white; in the Partridge and Silver Penciled varieties, how to obtain the rich foundation color with distinct, clean-cut lacing in neck and back of males, with the fine double penciling in females; in the Columbians, how to keep the surface of neck, back and wing-bows of males free from brassiness, and secure distinct lac- ing of neck, with black tails, laced coverts and black wing-flights, and the beautiful laced neck and tail-coverts of females, with black wing-flights. * Note: Fred A. Houdlette, who suggested the name Wyandotte, says the name was given in honor of a coasting vessel bearing the name Wyandotte, which belonged to his father. 60 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 61 In shape, Wyandottes have a type peculiarly their own. It is em- phatically a bird of curves. Fanciers should strive to maintain its short, broad back and deep, round body. These characteristics exceed in value all color considerations and are found in the typical Wyandotte at all ages, whether alive or dressed. Its curved, close-fitting comb adds to the sym- metry of the bird. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8i lbs. Hen Gh lbs. Cockerel 7£ lbs. Pullet d lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short, round, broad. Beak: Short, well curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Rose, low, firm on head; top, oval and surface covered with small, rounded points, tapering to a well-defined point at rear; the entire comb curving to conform to shape of skull. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, moderately long, nicely rounded at lower edges, equal in length, fine in texture, free from folds or wrinkles. Ear-lobes, oblong, well-defined, hanging about half the length of wattles, smooth. Neck: Short, well arched; hackle, abundant, flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Small, not carried too close to body; sides well rounded. Back: Short, broad, flat at shoulders; saddle, broad, full, rising with concave sweep to tail; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Short, well spread at base, carried at an angle of fifty degrees from the horizontal (see illustration); sickles, moderately long, curving gracefully and closely over tail; coverts, abundant, filling out well in front, almost hiding the stiff feathers. Breast: Broad, deep, round. Body and Fluff: Body, short, deep, round, with low-set keel. Fluff, full-feathered, well rounded. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout, showing outline of shape when viewed sideways, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, short, stout, set well apart, well rounded. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Short, round; crown, broad. Beak: Short, well curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Rose, similar to that of male, but much smaller. (.'•2 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Wattles and Eah-Lobes: Wattles, fine in texture, well rounded. Eiir-lobes, oblong in shape, well defined, smooth. Neck: Short, well arched; hackle, abundant. Wings: Small, well rounded, well folded; wing-fronts, well covered by breast feathers. Back: Short, broad, flat at shoulders, rising in a concave sweep to a broad, slightly-rounded cushion, which extends well on to main tail; plumage, abundant. Tail: Short, well spread at base, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. (See illustration.) Coverts, abundant. Bkeast: Broad, deep, round. Body .^sd Fluff: Body, short, deep, round, with low-set keel. Fluff, full-feathered, well rounded. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout, well spread, showing outline of shape when viewed sidewaj'S, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, short, set well apart, stout, well rounded. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SILVER WYANDOTTES. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, silvery white, each feather having a black stripe, tapering to a fine point near its extremity. Beatc: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Bay, or reddish- bay. Conn, Face, Wattles axd Ear-Lobex: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, a clear, black stripe through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; shafts of feathers, white; under- color, slale. Wixgs: Primaries, black, lower edge white; secondaries, black, lower half of outer web white, with a narrow black edging wider at the tip, wing-coverts, upper web black, lower web white, with a narrow black stripe along the edge that widens as it approaches the lip, formino- a double bar of laced feathers across wing; wing-bows, silverv while; under-color slale. Back: Silvery while: saddle, silvery while, a black stripe Ihroiudi each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity, having a tape rim', diamond-shaped center of white; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and greater coverts, lustrous greenish-black; STANDARD OF PERFECTION GS lesser coverts, black, with diamond-shaped white centers, feathers laced with white. Bkeast: Web of each feather, white, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, - Body and Fluff: Body, web of each feather, white, laced with « narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Fluff, slate, powdered with gray; under-color, slate. Legs axd Toks: Thighs, web of each feather, white, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Shanks and toes, yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. Shanks, free from feathers, stubs and down. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes : Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Eak-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, with a black stripe through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; shafts of feathers, white; under- color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, the lower edge, white; secondaries, black, lower half of outer web white, with a narrow black edging, wider at the tip; shoulders and wing-coverts, white, each feather laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to the edge of the feather; wing-bows, white, each feather laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of the feather; under-color, slate. Back: Web of each feather, white, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; the uppev sides of the two top feathers edged with white; greater coverts, black; lesser coverts, black with white centers. Breast: White, each feather laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish- black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Body^ and Fluff: Bod}', web of each feather, white, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to i-do-e of feather; under-color, sliile. Fluff, slate, powdered with gray; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, web of each feather, white, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Shanks and toes, yellow. 64 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER WYANDOTTE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 65 SILVER WYANDOTTE FEMALE 66 AMERICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION GOLDEN WYANDOTTES. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, golden bay, each feather having a black stripe, tapering to a fine point near its extremity. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Evr-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Golden bay, with a clear black stripe through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; shafts of feathers, golden bay; under-color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, lower edge golden bay: secondaries, black, lower half of outer web golden bay, with a narrow black edging, wider at tip; wing-coverts, upper web black, lower web golden bay, with a nar- row black stripe along the edge that widens as it approaches the tip, forming a double bar of laced feathers across wing; wing-bows, golden bay; under-color, slate. Back: ( rolden bay; saddle, golden bay with a black stripe through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity, having a diamond- shaped center of golden bay; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bav. Tail: Black; sickles and greater coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverls, black, with diamond-shaped golden bay centers, feathers laced with golden bay. Breast: Web of each feather, golden bay, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Body and Fluff: Body, web of each feather, golden bay, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, dark slate, tinged with golden bay. Fluff, slate, tinged with golden bay; under-color, slate. Li'.cs axd Toes: Thighs, web of each feather, golden bav, laced with a narrow- lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Shanks and toes, yellow, or dusky yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, golden bay. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 67 Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Bright red. Neck: Golden bay, with a black stripe through the center, each feather tapering to a point near its extremity; shaft of feathers, golden bay; under-color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, the lower edge golden bay; secondaries, black, lower half of outer web golden bay, with a narrow black edging wider at the tip; shoulders and wing-coverts, lustrous black, with oval- shaped, golden bay centers; lacing heavier over wing-bows; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Back: Web of each feather, golden-bay, laced with a narrow, lus- trous greenish-black, sharply denned lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Tail: Black; the upper sides of the two top feathers edged with golden bay. Greater coverts, black; lesser coverts, black, with golden bay centers. Breast: Golden bay, each feather laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, web of each feather, golden bay, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Fluff, slate, tinged with golden bay. Legs and Toes: Thighs, web of each feather, golden bay, laced with a narrow, lustrous greenish-black, sharply defined lacing, to conform to edge of feather; under-color, slate, tinged with golden bay. Legs and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. 68 AMERICAN POll.TRY ASSOCIATION GOLDEN WVANDOTTE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 69 GOLDEN WYANDOTTE FEMALE 70 AMERICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE WYANDOTTES. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; red, buff or positive black in any part of plumage; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Bay, or reddish- bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect in males. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. BLACK WYANDOTTES. D i squali fications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; red in any part of plumage or white in any feather extending more than one-half inch; shanks other than black, shading into yellow or willow; bottoms of feet other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AXD FEM\LE. Beak: Black, shaded with yellow. Eyes: Black, or dark brown. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Black, shading into yellow or willow. Bottoms of Feet: Yellow. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout; under- color, black. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 71 BUFF WYANDOTTES. Disqua I ificat ions. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes : Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows and saddle richly glossed; under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a, serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak : Rich yellow. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes : Rich yellow. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing luster of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. 72 AMERICAS' POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE WYANDOTTE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 73 ^HHH - HHml §811 3 ■ v ':' ,. PT V up 1 m in, Mttj 111111 WHITE WYANDOTTE FEMALE 74 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF WYANDOTTE MALE STAXDARD OF PERFECTION 75 BUFF WYANDOTTE FEMALE 76 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION PARTRIDGE WYANDOTTES. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, bright red. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Pace, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright red, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe running nearly parallel with edges and extending through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; under-color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, lower edges reddish-bay; secondaries, black, outside web, reddish-bay, terminating with greenish-black at end of each feather; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming a well defined bar of this color across wing", when folded; wine-bows, dark red; fronts, black. Back: Dark red; saddle, bright red, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe down the middle of each feather, same as in hackle; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with bright red. Breast: Lustrous black; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body and fluff, black, marked with reddish- brown, reddish-brown not to predominate; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, mahogany brown. Beak: Dark brown, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Reddish-bay, center portion of feathers black penciled with mahogany brown extending down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Primaries, black, with edging of mahogany brown on outer web; secondaries, inner web, black; outer web, mahogany brown, penciled with black; coverts, mahogany brown, penciled with black, penciling con- forming to shape of feather; wing-bows, mahogany brown, penciled with black. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 77 Back: Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the outlines of penciling conforming to shape of feathers; under-color, slate. Tail: Black, the two top feathers, black, penciled with mahogany brown; coverts, mahogany brown, penciled with black. Breast: Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the pen- ciling "being of the same character as that of back and extending to throat under-color, slate. Body axd Fluff: Body, mahogany brown, penciled with black fluff, mahogany brown; under-color, slate. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, mahogany brown, penciled with black shanks and toes, yellow, or dusky yellow. Note: Each feather in back, breast, body and wing-bows to have two or more distinct pencilings and to be free from shafting. 78 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION PARTRIDGE WYANDOTTE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 79 Mm PARTRIDGE WYANDOTTE FEMALE 80 AMEIUCAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION* SILVER PENCILED WYANDOTTES. Disqa al ifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks rther than yellow, or dusky yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, silver}' white. Beak: Yellow, or dusky yellow. Eyes : Bay, or reddish-bay. Co.mb, Face, \Yattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and taper- ing to a point near its extremity; under-color, slate or bluish-white. Wixgk: Primaries, black, excepting a narrow edging of white on lower edge of web; secondaries, black except lower half of lower web which should be white, except near end of feather, at which point the white ter- minates abruptly, leaving end of feather black; coverts, lustrous greenish- black, forming a well defined bar of this color across wing when folded; bows, silvery white. Back: Silvery white, free from brown; saddle, silvery white, with a black stripe in each feather same as hackle; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with white. Breast: Black; under-color, slate, or bluish- white. Body axd Fluff: Body, black: under-color, slate, or bluish-white. Fluff, black, slightly tinged with gray. Legs a\d Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, yellow, or dusky vellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Yellow, or dusky yellow. Eyes : Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles axd Kar-Lobes: Bright red. Xeck: Sihery white, with broad black stripe running nearly parallel with edges and extending down middle of each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity and free from white shaft; under-color, slate. Wings: Primaries, black, with narrow edging of grav penciling on lower web; secondaries, upper web, black; lower web, steel-grav. with distinct dark penciling extending around outer end of feather; shoulder and wing coverts, steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather; under-color, slate. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 81 Back: Steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feathers; feathers free from white shafts; under-color, slate. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers, which are penciled on upper edge; coverts, steel-gray with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather. Breast: Steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather, the penciling reaching well up on throat; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, steel-gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather, the penciling reaching well down on thighs. Fluff, gray, tinged with lighter shade; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, steel-gray, with distinct penciling; shanks and toes, yellow, or dusky yellow. Nofe: Each feather in back, breast, body and wing-bows to have two or more distinct penciling^. 82 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER PENCILED "WYANDOTTE MALE STAXDARD OF PERFECTION 83 SILVER PENCILED WYANDOTTE FEMALE 84 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTES. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-quarter positive enamel white; shanks other than yellow. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Yellow, with dark stripe down upper mandible. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Eak-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, white: hackle, web white, with solid, lustrous greenish-black stripe extending from fluff down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Under-color, white, bluish-white or slate. Wings: Wing-bows, white, except fronts which may be partly black: primaries, black, with white edging on lower edge of lower web; second- aries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing- bay, the white extending around ends of feathers and lacing upper portion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on surface when wing is folded; remainder of each secondary, black. Back: Surface color, white; cape, black and white; saddle, white, with occasional feathers striped with black; under-color, either white, bluish-white or slate. Tail: Black, the curling feathers underneath, white, or black and white; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color at juncture with body, white, bluish-white or slate. Body and Fluff: Body, white, except under wings where it may be white, bluish- white or slate; under-color, white, or bluish- white. Fluff, white; under-color, white, or bluish- white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, surface color, white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Shanks and toes, yellow; red showing at outer sides, back of scales, not a defect. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak : Yellow, or yellow with dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes: Bay, or reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, beginning at juncture of head with neck, web, white, with a solid, wide, lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down middle STANDARD OF PERFECTION 85 of each feather, running nearly parallel with edges of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Wing-bows, white; primaries, black, with white edging on lower edge of lower web; secondaries, lower portion of lower web, white, sufficient to secure a white wing-bay, the white extending around the ends and lacing upper portion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on the surface when wing is folded; remainder of each secondary, black. Back: Surface, white, occasional black ticking not a serious defect; cape, white, or black and white; under-color white, bluish-white or slate. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which are edged with white: tail-coverts, black edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color, at juncture with body, white or bluish-white. Body «jd Fluff : Bodv, white, except under wings where it may be white or bluish- white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Fluff, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white; under-color, white, or bluish- white; shanks and toes, yellow. 86 AMERICA* POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 87 COLUMBIAN WYANDOTTE FEMALE JAVAS. This breed presents the extreme length of body found in the Ameri- can class. The back and keel are long, which feature, together with the breadth of back, depth of body, the full, well-rounded breast and smooth posterior, gives the breed a type peculiarly its own. The neck and tail of both male and female are medium in length. The thighs are large and well-meated. Shanks are of medium size, standing well apart. The color of the face, comb and wattles of the black variety is described as gipsy (see glossary). The comb of both varieties is rather high at rear, the serrations being nearly on a line. The color of plumage of the black variety is a rich, lustrous black, with greenish sheen. Purple barring is a serious defect. The color of plumage of the mottled variety is black and white throughout. These colors should be sharply divided, each dis- tinct in itself, the black predominating. The skin of both varieties is yellow. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cook 9i lbs. Hen 7£ lbs. ( 'ockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6£ lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Of medium length and breadth. Beak: Stout, well curved. Eyks: Large, full. Comb: Single, rather small, straight and upright, firm on head, lower in front; evenly serrated, having five well-defined points; fine in texture; blade free from serrations. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of medium length, well rounded at ends, smooth; fine in texture. Ear-lobes, small, oblong. Neck: Of medium length, arched; hackle, abundant. Wixus: Rather large, well folded. Back: Long, broad, with slight decline to a concave sweep near tail; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Rather long, moderately full and expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal; sickles, long and grace- fully curved: main tail feathers, long. Breast: Long, deep, full. 88 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 89 Body and Fluff: Body, long, broad, deep. Fluff, moderate in quantity, even on surface. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, strong, well covered with close-fitting feathers; shanks, of medium length, stout in bone. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Of medium size. Beak: Strong, well curved. Eyes: Of medium size, oval, full. Comb: Single, small, straight and upright, lower in front; evenlv serrated, having five well-defined points; fine in texture. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of medium size, well rounded, smooth; fine in texture. Ear-lobes, small. Neck: Of medium length, slightly arched. Wings: Rather large, well folded. Back: Long, full near tail-coverts. Tail: Rather long, full, slightly expanded. Breast: Broad, deep, full. Body and Fluff: Body, long, broad, deep. Fluff, moderate in quantity, even on surface. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, strong, well covered with close-fitting feathers; shanks, of medium length, stout in bone. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. BLACK JAVAS. Disqualification*. Positive white in ear-lobes; foreign color in any part of plumage: skin, or uuttoms of feet, other than yellow. (See general disqualifica- tions.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black, or dark brown. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red, or gipsy color. Shanks and Toes: Shanks, black, or nearly black with a tendency toward willow; black preferred. Toes, same color as shanks, except under parts which must be yellow; bottoms of feet, yellow. Plumage: Rich, lustrous black with greenish sheen, free from purple barring. 90 AMERICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLACK JAVA MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 91 BLACK JAVA FEMALE 92 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION MOTTLED JAVAS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes; red or brassy color in any part of plumage; skin, or bottoms of feet, other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Horn, or horn and yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Shanks and Toes: Broken leaden-blue and yellow. Plumage : Mottled black and white throughout, black predominating. DOMINIQUES. Disqualifications. Permanent white in ear-lobes; any feather or feathers, or portion of a feather, of any color foreign to the breed, excepting solid black and black and white feathers. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7 lbs. Hen 5 lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 4 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Of medium size, carried well up. Beak: Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes: Large, clear. Comb: Rose, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak; firm and straight on head, square in front, uniform on sides, free from hollow in center, terminating in a spike at rear, the point of which turns slightly upward; top covered with small points. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, broad, full, pendent. Ear- lobes, oblong, of medium size. Neck: Of medium length, well arched, tapering; hackle, abundant. Wings: Rather large, well folded; wing-bows and points, well cov- ered by breast and saddle feathers. Back: Of medium length, broad, rising with concave sweep to tail. Tail: Long, full, slightly expanded; sickles, long, well curved. Breast: Broad, round and carried well up. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 93 Body and Fluff: Body, broad, full, compact. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, strong, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, fine in bone. Toes, of medium length, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Small. Beak: Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Rose, similar to that of male, but much smaller. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, rather small and well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size, oblong. Neck: Short, slightly arched, tapering. Wings: Rather large, well folded. Back: Of medium length, broad, slightly concave. Tail: Full, rather long, slightly expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Round, full. Body and Fluff: Bodv, broad, full, compact. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes : Thighs, of medium length, large, strong, well cov- ered with soft feathers; shanks, fine in bone. Toes, of medium length, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Yellow. Plumage : Slate, feathers in all sections of the fowl, crossed through- out their entire length, by regular, parallel, sharply defined, dark and light bars that stop short of positive black and positive white, tip of each feather dark, free from shafting, brownish tinge, or metallic sheen; under-color, slate: excellence to be determined by distinct contrasts, and evenness and clearness of barring. The male may be one or two shades lighter than the female. 93a AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION DOMINIQUE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 936 DOMINIQUE FEMALE RHODE ISLAND REDS. (Single and Rose Comb.) The Rhode Island Reds are an American production now generally regarded at poultry exhibitions as being a new breed, though they have been bred in large numbers for practical purposes in Rhode Island during many years, taking their name from that State. They are believed to have originated from crosses of the Asiatics, Mediterraneans and Games. Their chief characteristics are: red color, oblong shape, compact form and smooth surface plumage. Disqualifications. Ear-lobes more than one-half positive white; one or more entirely white feathers showing in the outer plumage; shanks and feet other than yellow or reddish-horn. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8£ lbs. Hen 6j lbs. Cockerel 7j lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Medium size, carried horizontally and slightly forward. Beak: Medium length, slightly curved. Eyes: Large, oval, prominent. Comb: Single, medium in size, set firmly upon head, perfectly straight and upright, with five, even and well-defined points, those in front and rear smaller Ihan those in the center; of considerable breadth where it joins to the head; blade smooth, not conforming too closely to shape of head, free from serrations. Comb: Rose, low, firm on head; top, oval in shape, and surface cov- ered with small points terminating in a small spike at the rear. The comb to conform to the general curve of the head. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of medium size, equal in length, regularly curved, free from folds and wrinkles. Ear-lobes, oblong, well defined, smooth, proportionate in size to other head adjuncts. Neck: Medium length; hackle, abundant, flowing over the shoulders, not too loosely feathered. Wings: Of good size, well folded, carried horizontally. 94 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 95 Back: Broad, long, carried horizontally, with slight concave sweep to tail; saddle feathers, of medium length, abundant. Tail: Of medium length, well spread, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal, thus increasing the apparent length of the fowl; sickles, of medium length, extending slightly beyond main tail feathers; lesser sickles and tail-coverts, of medium length, large, well covered with soft feathers. Breast: Deep, full, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, broad, deep, long; keel-bone, long, straight, extending well forward, giving body an oblong appearance; feathers carried close to body. Fluff, moderately full. Shanks and Toes: Shanks, of medium length, well rounded, smooth, set well apart. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head : Medium size, carried horizontally and slightly forward. Beak: Medium length, slightly curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Single, medium in size, set firmly upon head, perfectly straight and upright, with five, even and well defined points, those in front and rear smaller than those in center. Comb: Rose, low, firm on head,* much smaller than that of the male, and, in proportion to its length, narrower; covered with small points and terminating in a small, short spike at the rear. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of medium size, equal in length, regularly curved. Ear-lobes, oblong, well defined, smooth, proportionate in size to other head adjuncts. Neck: Of medium length; hackle, moderately full. Wings: Rather large, well folded; fronts, well covered by breast feathers; flights, carried nearlj 7 horizontal. Back: Broad, long, carried horizontally. Tail: Rather short, moderately spread, carried at an angle of thirty- five degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Deep, full, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, broad, deep, long; keel-bone, long, straight, extending well forward, giving body an oblong appearance; feathers car- ried close to body. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, of medium length, well rounded, smooth. Toes, of med- ium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. 96 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Reddish-horn. Eyes: Red. Co-Mi), Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Rich, brilliant red; under-color, red. Wings: Wing-bows, brilliant red; primaries, upper web red, lower web black with narrow edging of red, only sufficient to prevent the black from showing on surface when wings are folded in natural position; primary-coverts, black; secondaries, lower web red, the red extending around the ends of the feathers, the remainder of each feather, black; the five feathers next to the body being red on the surface so that the wing, folded in natural position, shall show one harmonious red color; wing- coverts, red. Back: Rich, brilliant red; under-color, red. Tail: Main tail and sickle feathers, black or greenish-black; tail coverts, mainly black, but may become red as they approach the saddle. Breast: Rich red; under-color, red. Body and Fluff: Rich red; under-color, red. Shanks and Tof.s: Rich yellow, or reddish-horn color. A line of red pigment down sides of shanks extending to tip of toes is desirable. Plumage: General surface, rich, brilliant red except where black is specified, free from shafting or mealy appearance; depth of red color is slightly accentuated on wing-bows and back, but the less contrast between these sections and the hackle and breast, the better. A harmonious blend- ing of all sections is desired. The bird should be so brilliant in luster as to have a glossed appearance. The under-color should be red. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Reddish-horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Surface color red, with slight ticking at end of feathers on lower hackle; under-color, red. Wings: Wing-bows red: primaries, upper web red, lower web black with narrow edging of red, only sufficient to prevent 1he black from show- ing on surface v\hen wings are folded in natural position: primary coverts, black; secondaries, lower web red, the red extending around the ends of the feathers; the remainder of each feather, black: the five feathers next to the body, red on the surface, so that the wing, folded in natural position, shall show one harmonious red color: wing-coverts, red. Back: Rich red; under-color, red. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which may be edged with red. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 97 Breast: Rich red; under-color, red. Body and Fluff: Red; under-color, red. Shanks and Toes: Rich yellow, or reddish-horn color; a line of red pigment down sides of shanks, extending to tip of toes is desirable. Plumage: General surface color, rich, even red, except where black is specified, free from shafting or mealy appearance; under-color, red. 98 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION RHODE ISLAND RED MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 99 RHODE ISLAND RED FEMALE BUCKEYES D isqtialifications. Ear-lobes more than one-fourth enamel white; entirely white feathers (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 3 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Of medium size, carried well up. Beak: Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes: Of medium size, full, bright, with bold expression. Comb: Pea, medium, firm, set closely on head. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, medium size, of equal length, moderately rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Xeck: Of medium length, well arched, tapering nicely; hackle, abundant, flowing well over shoulders. \Vr\Gs: Of medium size, well folded; wing-bows and wing-points, well covered by breast and saddle feathers, respectively. Back: Broad at shoulders, rather long; saddle feathers, abund- ant. Tail: Of medium length and size, carried moderately upright: sickles and coverts, of medium length, nicely curved, sufficiently abundant to cover well the stiff feathers. Breast- Broad, deep, well rounded, carried somewhat elevated above the horizontal. Bonv \xd Fluff: Bodv. rather long, broad, deep, full, heavy for size of bird; keel-bone, long, straight, extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Le<;s v\d Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, of medium length, stout, smooth, set well apart. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Of medium size, carried well up. Beak: Short, stout, regularly curved. 100 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 101 Eyes: Of medium size, full, bright. Comb: Pea, small, set closely on head. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, of equal length, moderately rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck: Of medium length, well curved; hackle, moderately full. Wings: Of medium size, well folded. Back: Broad, rather long. Tail: Of medium length, fairly well spread, carried moderately upright. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded, carried somewhat elevated above the horizontal. Body and Fluff: Body, long, broad, deep, full, heavy for size of bird; keel-bone, long, straight, extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length and size, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, of medium length, stout, smooth, set well apart. Toes, of medium length and size, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes free from feathers, stubs and down. COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Yellow, shaded with reddish-horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes : Yellow, red back of scales not a defect. Plumage: General surface, mahogany bay, slightly accentuated on wing-bows; under-color, salmon, or slate and salmon. The unexposed flight feathers and main tail feathers may contain black; sickles and cov- erts should be shaded bay and black, thus avoiding a sharp contrast be- tween body and tail. Shaft of feathers, bay entire length. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Bright red. Shanks and Toes : Yellow. Plumage: General surface, mahogany bay. The unexposed flight feathers and main tail feathers may contain black; under-eolor, salmon, or slate and salmon. 102 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUCKEYE MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 103 WmUMHiB BUCKEYE FEMALE Class II. ASIATIC. Breeds Varieties Brahmas 5 L 'ght i Dark / Buff Cochins ) Partridge ) White (. Black Langshaxs 5 Black 1 White SCALE OF POINTS FOR ASIATIC CLASS. Symmetry 4 Weight 6 Condition 4 Comb 8 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 G Eyes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Wattles and Ear- Lobes — Shape 2, Color 3 ,j Neck — Shape 4, Color 5 . |) Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — • Shape 6, Color 5 11 Tail — Shape 4, Color 5 9 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 5, Color 3 8 104 BRAHMAS. The Brahma male should have that strength and grace of carriage which naturally belongs to a well-proportioned fowl of its size and finish. The head, when well furnished, lends style and character to the bird's commanding appearance. The body should be large, well rounded and free from any tendency to excessive fluff. The Standard does not provide for apparent cushion in Brahmas, either male or female. The Brahma male should be of a distinctive type quite unlike the Cochin in form and feather, being more compactly and firmly put together. The solidity of form and compactness of plumage unite, in the standard Brahma male, to produce a finely-proportioned fowl of large size and active nature. Comb, color and markings should be well defined, embodying the true Brahma characteristics. The Brahma female has the fine, graceful lines that properly belong to her as the mate of the stately and powerful male of this breed. She lacks rotundity of form as compared with the full-feathered Cochin, her body being more compact and closely feathered. The proper sweep of back from saddle to tail is formed largely by the distinctively Brahma spread of tail, which continues and finishes the back line, and fills out the side lines to proper form, within the true contour of Brahma shape. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Of medium length, broad; crown projecting well over eyes. Beak: Stout, well curved. Eyes: Large, deep set. Comb: Pea, small, firm and even on head, lower and narrower in front and at rear than at center; each row evenly serrated; points in front and at rear smaller than those of center. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, of medium size, well rounded. Ear-lobes, large, the lower edges on a level with, or slightly below, edges of wattles. Neck: Moderately long, well arched; hackle, abundant, flowing over shoulders and meeting under throat, dividing at lower ends of wattles and flowing full at sides. Wixgs: Small, carried rather high, with lower line nearly horizontal; sides, well rounded; primaries, closely folded under secondaries. Back: Broad, rather long, flat across shoulders carrying its width well back to tail, rising with slightly concave incline from shoulders to 105 106 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION middle of saddle, where it takes a more pronounced concave sweep well up on tail; saddle, abundant, flowing full over sides, filling well in front of tail and covering wing-points. Tail: Rather large, full, well spread, carried high enough to continue concave sweep of back, filled underneath with curling feathers; sickles, short, spreading laterally; coverts, plentiful, but not so long as to cover the entire length of lower main tail feathers. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded. Body axd Fluff: Body, rather long, deep, well rounded at sides. Fluff, abundant, smooth in surface, giving specimen a broad but compact appearance. Legs and Toes: Legs, straight, set well apart; thighs, stout, well covered with soft feathers, nicely rounded, free from vulture-like feather- ing; shanks, large, stout in bone, of sufficient length to properly balance specimen, well covered on outer sides with feathers. Toes, straight, stout; outer and middle toes, well feathered. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Of medium length, broad; crown projecting well over eyes. Beak: Stout, well curved. Eyes: Large, deep set. Comb: Pea, low, firm and even on head; well serrated, the middle row higher and more distinctly serrated than the other two. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small. Ear-lobes, large. Xeck: Of moderate length, slightly arched; rather full under throat, hens having dewlap between wattles. Wings: Small, carried rather high, with lower line nearly horizontal; sides, well rounded; fronts, covered by breast feathers; primaries, closely folded under secondaries Back: Broad, rather long, flat across shoulders with moderate incline to tail, carrying the width well back to tail. Tail: Medium length, well spread at base, resembling an inverted "Y" with wide angle when viewed from rear, carried high enough to con- tinue the sweep of back; tail-coverts, two rows, covering a greater part of both sides of main tail. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, long, deep, well rounded at sides. Fluff, abundant, smooth in surface, giving specimen a broad but compact appear- ance. Legs and Toes: Legs, straight, set well apart; thighs, stout, well covered with soft feathers; shanks, of medium length, stout in bone, well feathered on outer sides. Toes, straight, stout; outer and middle toes, well feathered. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 107 LIGHT BRAHMAS. Disqualifications. Solid black feathers in back; positive black spots prevalent in web of feathers of back, except slight dark or black stripes in saddle of males near tail, or in cape of either sex; vulture-like hocks; shanks any color other than yellow or reddish-yellow; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven and one-half pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing six pounds. (See general disquali- fications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 12 lbs. Hen Oh lbs. Cockerel 10 lbs. Pullet 8 lbs. COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, white. Beak: Yellow, with dark stripe down upper mandible. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, white; hackle, web white with solid, lustrous greenish-black stripe extending from fluff down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edge of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity; under-color, white, bluish-white or slate. Wings: Bows, white, except fronts, which may be partly black; primaries, black with white edging on lower edge of lower web; second- aries, lower portion of lower web white, sufficient to secure a white wing- bay, the white extending around ends of feathers and lacing upper portion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on surface when wing is folded; remainder of each secondary, black. Back: Surface color, white; cape, black and white; saddle, white; under-color, either white, bluish-white or slate. Tail: Black; the curling feathers underneath, white or black and white; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color, at juncture with body, white, bluish-white or slate. Body and Fluff: Body, white, except under wings, where it may be white, bluish- white or slate; under-color, white or bluish- white. Fluff, white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, surface color, white; under-color, white or bluish- white; shank feathers, white; outer toe feathering, white and black; if black, laced with white; shanks and toes, yellow. 108 . I. U /•:«/('. I. V I'Ori.THY ASSOC!. I TIO.X LIGHT BttAHMA MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 109 LIGHT BRAHMA FEMALE 110 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Yellow, with dark stripe down the upper mandible. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, beginning at juncture of head with neck, web, white, with a solid, wide, lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edge of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Bows, white; primaries, black with white edging on lower edge of lower web; secondaries, lower portion of lower web white, suffi- cient to secure a white wing-bay, the white extending around the ends and lacing upper portion of upper web, this color growing wider in the shorter secondaries, the five next to the body being white on surface when wing is folded; remainder of each secondary, black. Back: White; cape, white or black and white; under-color, white or bluish-white. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which are edged with white; tail-coverts, black edged with white. Breast: Surface and under-color, white; under-color, at juncture with body, white or bluish-white. Body and Fluff: Body, white, except under wings, where it may be white or bluish- white; under-color, white or bluish- white. Fluff, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white; under-color, white or bluish- white; shank feathers, white; outer toe feathers, white and black; if black, laced with white; shanks and toes, vellow. DARK BRAHMAS. Disqualifications. Yulture-like hocks; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weigh- ing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven and one-half pounds; pullets not weighing five and one-half pounds. (See general disquali- fications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 11 lbs. Hen 8j lbs- Cockerel 9 lbs. Pullet 7 lbs- COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, silvery white. Beak : Dark horn shading to yellow at point. STANDARD OF PERFECTION HI Eyes: Reddish- bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, silvery white, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edge of feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; shafts free from white; under-color, slate. Wings: Bows, silvery white; primaries, black, except a narrow edging of white on lower edge of lower web; secondaries, black, except lower half of lower web which should be white except near end of feather, at which point the white terminates abruptly, leaving end of feather black; wing- coverts, glossy greenish-black, forming a well-defined bar of this color across wing when folded. Back: Silvery white, free from brown; saddle, silvery white, with a black stripe in each feather, same as hackle; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black; lesser coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with white. Breast: Black; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, black; under-color, slate. Fluff, black, slightly tinged with gray; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shank feathers, black or black mixed with white, black preferred; shanks and toes, yellow. Toe feathers, black. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, 'Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Silvery white, with broad black stripe running nearly parallel with edges of and extending down middle of each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity and free from white shaft; under-color, slale. Wings: Primaries, black, with narrow edge of gray penciling on lower web; secondaries, upper web black, lower web gray, with distinct dark penciling extending around outer end of feathers; shoulder and wing- coverts, gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feathers; under-color, slate. Back: Gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feather; feathers free from white shafts; under-color, slate. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which are penciled on upper edge; coverts, gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which conform to shape of feathers. Breast: Gray, with distinct dark penciling, outlines of which con- form to shape of feather, the penciling reaching well up on throat; under- color, slate. \l-l AMERICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATIOX DARK BRAMHA MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 113 DARK BRAHMA FEMALE 114 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Body and Fluff: Body, gray, with distinct dark penciling reaching well down on thighs. Fluff, gray, tinged with lighter shade; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, gray, with distinct penciling; shanks and toe feathers, same shade of gray; toe feathers, penciled. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. Note: Each feather in back, breast, body and wing-bows to have two or more distinct pencilings. COCHINS. The Cochin male should be a very deep-bodied, massive, vigorous bird, possessing a dignified carriage, but showing a tendency to lean for- ward. The keel should be low and the saddle, or cushion, well up. The outline of every section should be well rounded and free from flat or con- cave surfaces. The extraordinary profusion of long, loose plumage, and the great abundance of downy fibre in the under fluff, produce a large, bulky appearance, conveying the idea of even greater weight than exists in reality. Hard or close-fitting plumage is a very serious defect. The Cochin female should correspond, in a feminine way, with the male, but shoud be shorter and rounder, possessing a more plump appear- ance. The back of the Cochin female seems shorter than it really is, owing to the difference in the character of the neck and cushion plumage. The cushion is more pronounced than in the male, being very large and full, rising from the base of the hackle, or from the cape, and very nearly covering the tail. The abdomen is more fully developed than that of the male Cochin. Head, comb, wattles and ear-lobes are much smaller than in the male, and are of the finest texture. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 11 lbs. Hen 9* lbs. Cockerel 9 lbs. Pullet 7 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Rather short, broad, deep, prominent over eyes; juncture with neck, well defined. Beak: Short, stout at base, curving to point. Eyes: Medium, large, mild in expression. Co.mb: Single, of medium size, set firmly on head ; stout at base, up- right, straight from front to rear, low in front, carefully rounded toward rear; serrations, moderately deep, dividing comb into five regular points, the middle one the highest; free from wrinkles or side sprigs; fine in texture. Face: Of fine texture. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, rather long, well rounded at lower edges, thin and fine in texture. Ear-lobes, well defined, hanging about two-thirds as low as wattles; smooth. Neck: Short, full, well proportioned, beautifully arched from rear 115 116 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION of head to back; hackle, very long and abundant, flowing well over shoul- ders and cape. Wings: Carried well up, small and completely folded; fronts, em- bedded in plumage of breast; tips, nicely tucked under saddle plumage; wing-bows, smooth and exceedingly well rounded; loose or hanging flights very objectionable. Back: Apparently short, very broad, well rounded. Shoulders: Very broad; flat across under hackle. Saddle ok Cushion: Rising from back at base of hackle or cape, very broad and round; plumage very profuse and long; saddle feathers, flowing over tips of wings and mingling with fluff and under-plumage of tail. Tail: Main tail, short, well spread at base, filled underneath with profusion of soft feathers and enveloped by coverts and lesser sickles, showing as little stiff feathers as possible; saddle and tail to have soft, round, bulky appearance. Breast: Carried forward, very full, well rounded, of great breadth and depth. Body and Fluff: Body, moderately long, broad, deep, well rounded from point of breast to abdomen; abdomen, well let down between the legs, broad and well rounded from breast bone to tail, depending more for fullness on length of feathers than on muscular development. Fluff, full, soft, abundant. Legs: Very strong, large, straight, set well apart. Thighs, of moderate length; the more long, soft, outstanding plumage, extending well down the shanks and covering knee or hock joints, the better, having the appearance of two great globes of feathers concealing the legs from view. Hocks, covered with flexible feathers, curving inward about the joints; free from vulture-like feathering. Shanks, short, stout in bone; plumage, long, beginning just below hocks and covering front and outer sides of shanks, from which it should be outstanding, the upper part growing out from under thigh plumage and continuing into foot feathering. There should be no marked break in the outlines between the plumage of these sections; they should merge naturally into each other and blend together. Toes: Straight, stout, well spread; middle and outer toes, complete! v feathered to ends. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Neat looking, fairly full in skull; fashioned after that of male, except finer in form. Beak: Short, stout at base, curving to point. Eyes: Of medium size, mild in expression. Comb: Single, small, straight and upright, nicely rounded to conform STANDARD OF PERFECTION 117 to shape of head; divided into five points; free from side sprigs and other imperfections; fine in texture. Face: Of fine texture. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, nicely rounded; fine in texture. Ear-lobes, oblong, fairly well defined; fine in texture. Neck: Short, nicely arched; hackle, very full, flowing well over shoulders and cape. Wings: Small, completely folded; fronts, embedded in plumage ot breast; tips, concealed between cushion and thigh plumage; wing-bows, smooth and exceedingly well rounded; loose or hanging flights very ob- jectionable. Back: Apparently short, very broad, well rounded. Shoulders: Broad; fiat across under hackle. Cushion 7 : Rising very full from back at base of hackle or cape, very large and round; plumage, profuse, flowing over tips of wings, well into thigh fluff and almost covering tail feathers. Tail: Short, broad at base, carried rather low; well filled underneath with profusion of soft feathers and nearly enveloped by tail-coverts, which help to form the cushion. Breast: Carried low in front, full, well rounded, of great breadth and depth. Body and Fluff: Body, of medium length, broad, deep, full and well rounded from point of breast to abdomen; abdomen, well let down between legs, full and round from breast bone to tail, with great length and fullness of feather. Fluff, full, soft, profuse. Legs: Moderatelv large, straight, strong, set well apart; thighs, of medium length, with great profusion of long, soft, outstanding fluff plum- age, completely hiding hocks or knee-joints, and covering shanks almost to feet; hocks should be covered with a profusion of soft, flexible feathers, curving inward about knee-joints; free from vulture-like feathers. Shanks, short, stout in bone, covered profusely with long plumage. Toes: Straight, well spread; middle and outer toes completely feathered to ends. 118 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF COCHINS. D ixqrtalijical ioit-i. Vulture-like hocks; plucked hocks; shanks other than yellow in color; bare middle toes; cocks not weighing nine pounds; hens not weighing seven pounds; cockerels not weighing seven pounds; pullets not weighing five pounds. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-hay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Eau- Lobes: Bright red. Shanks axd Toes: Rich yellow. Plumage: Surface throughout, an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing-bows and saddle richly glossed; under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Siiwks axd Toes: Rich vellow. Plem age: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance: the head and neck plumage show- ing luster of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 119 PARTRIDGE COCHINS. Disqualifications. Positive white extending into web of tail feathers of cockerel; vulture- like hocks; plucked hocks, shanks other than yellow or dusky yellow, bare middle toes. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, bright red. Beak: Dark horn, shading to yellow at point. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright red, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe running nearly parallel with edges and extending through each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity; under-color, slate. Wings: Wing- bows, dark red; fronts, black; primaries, black, lower edges of web reddish- bay; secondaries, black, outside web reddish-bay terminating with greenish-black at end of each feather; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming well-defined bar of this color across wing when folded. Back: Dark red; saddle, bright red, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe down the middle of each feather, same as in hackle; under-color, slate. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black, edged with bright red. Breast: Lustrous black; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, black. Fluff, black; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; under-color, slate. Shank plumage, black or brownish-black. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. Toe plumage, black or brownish-black. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Plumage, mahogany brown. Beak: Dark horn, shading into yellow at point. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright red with a lustrous black stripe extending down the middle of each feather, running nearly parallel with edge of feather and tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Wing-bows, mahogany brown, penciled with black; pri- maries, black, with edging of mahogany brown on outer web; secondaries, inner web black, outer web mahogany brown, penciled with black, pen- ciling conforming to shape of feather. 120 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF COCHIN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 121 It m : ^^ ^"'^B ■pf 1 '^^^5a£*"**-.>'~ - * -'-J B^BHL»iik^^' «i " -. -■'■— rjf.-^-^-, • ^P^'^i' BUFF COCHIN FEMALE 12> AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION PARTRIDGE COCHIN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION US PARTRIDGE COCHIN FEMALE 124 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Back-. Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the out- lines of penciling conforming to shape of feather; under-color, slate. Tail,: Black, the two top feathers black penciled with mahogany brown on upper edge; coverts, mahogany brown penciled with black. Breast: Mahogany brown, distinctly penciled with black, the pen- ciling being of same character as that of ba,ck and extending to throat; under-color, slate. Body and Fluff: Body, mahogany brown, penciled with black. Fluff, mahogany brown; under-color, slate. Legs and Toes: Thigh, shank and toe plumage, mahogany brown penciled with black. Shanks and toes, yellow or dusky yellow. STAXDARD OF PERFECTION 125 WHITE COCHINS. D isq ualificatwns . Feathers other than white in any part of plumage: vulture-like hocks; plucked hoeks : shanks other than yellow; bare middle toes. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Legs axd Toes : Rich yellow. Plumage : Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections pure white. BLACK COCHINS. Disqualifications. Feathers other than black in any part of plumage, except in foot or toe-feathering of standard size specimens, and in under-color of neck of bantam males: vulture-like hocks; plucked hocks: shanks other than black or yellow, or black gradually shading into yellow; bare middle toes; bot- toms of feet other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEM\LE. Beak: Black, shaded with yellow. Eyes: Black or dark brown. Comb, Face, Wattles .«d Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Legs A xd Toes: Black or yellow; black gradually shading into yellow preferred. Bottoms of feet, yellow. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish black throughout, under color, black. LANGSHANS. The general characteristics of Langshans are: Great proportionate depth of keel, with round contour of breast ; fineness of bone for size of fowl; smooth white skin and pinkish-white flesh. The male develops great length of tail feathers, the sickles not uncommonly attaining a length of sixteen or seventeen inches. Its large, well-spread tail, carried erect, with abundant, close-lying saddle feathers, full-hackled neck and upright carriage, gives the effect of a short back. The surface of plumage through- out is close and smooth, being very brilliant with greenish reflections in the blade, and silvery while in the while variety. The body, in both sexes of both varieties, should be evenly balanced on firm, straight legs with very little backward bend at the knee-joints. The h'gs are sinewy, the toes long and slender, free from coarseness, and the middle Iocs should be devoid of feathers. Height of the Langshan should be gained by depth of body and ereetness of carriage, not from what may well be described as stiltiness of legs. Close-standing knee- joints, narrowness of body and the presence of foreign color are highly objectionable. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock AMLRICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION SINGLE— COMB BROWN LEGHORN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 137 SINGLE— COMB BROWN LEGHORN FEMALE 138 AMERICAS POULTRY ASSOCIATION SINGLE— COMB WHITE LEGHORN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 139 SINGLE-COMB WHITE LEGHORN FEMALE 140 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION ROSE-COMB WHITE LEGHORN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 141 ROSE-COMB WHITE LEGHORN FEMALE 142 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF LEGHORNS. (Single and Rose Comb.) Disqualificatimis. Red covering more than one-half the surface of ear-lobes in cockerels iuid pullets; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Eah-Lobes: White or creamy white. Legs and Toes : Rich yellow, red showing at outside, back of scales, not a defect. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing- bow and saddle richly glossed; under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Rich yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White or creamy white. Legs and Toes: Rich yellow. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head and neck plumage show- ing a luster of the same shade as the rest of the plumage; under-color, lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 143 BLACK LEGHORNS. Disqualifications. Red covering more than one-half the surface of ear-lobes in cockerels and pullets; feathers other than black in any part of plumage; shanks other than yellow or yellowish-black. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow, or yellowish-black. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear- Lobes: White. Legs and Toes : Yellow, or yellowish-black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black; under-color, black. 111. AMERICAS POULTRY ASSOCIATIOS SINGLE COMli HUFF LI-KiHOKN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 145 SINGLE— COMB BUFF LEGHORN FEMALE 14G AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER LEGHORNS. Disqualification*. Red covering more than one-half the surface of ear-lobes in cockerels and pullets; red in any part of the plumage; shanks other than yellow. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, silvery white. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face and 'Wattles: Bright red. Eah-Lobes: White. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, rich, glossy black; hackle, silvery white with narrow black stripe extending down middle of each lower hackle feather, terminating near extremity of feather. Win'gs: Shoulders, black; wing-fronts, black; wing-bows, silvery white; wing-coverts, black, forming a distinct bar across the wing; pri- maries, black, except the lower feathers, the outer edges of which should be silvery white; secondaries, pari of outer web of feathers in wing-bay, white, remainder of feathers black. Back: Silvery white. Cape: Black'. Svddle Feathers: Silvery white. Tin,: Black; sickles, lustrous black; upper coverts, lustrous black: lower coverts, silvery white. Bkevkt: Black. Body and Fluff: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks, yellow. Toes, yellow. Undeu-Coloh: Gray. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Yellow. Lyes: Red. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, light salmon; hackle, silvery gray, with narrow black stripe extending down middle of each feather, terminat- ing near extremity of feather. Wings: Bows, light gray, free from dark marks or bars; primaries and secondaries, upper web, gray, lower web, slaty-grav; coverts, light gray, free from dark marks or red. ST AX BARD OF PERFECTION 147 Back: Light gray, free from dark marks or bars. Tail: Black, except the two upper feathers, which are light gray; coverts, gray. Breast: Light salmon, shading to gray toward sides. Body and Fluff: Body, light ashy-gray, free from dark marks or bars. Fluff, light ashy-gray. Legs and Toes: Thighs, light gray; shanks and toes, yellow. Under-Color: Gray. MINORCAS. Minorcas are the largest of the Mediterranean class. Formerly they were called Red-Faced Black Spanish. They are distinguished by long bodies, very large combs, long, full wattles, large, white ear-lobes, dark- colored legs and pinkish-white or flesh-colored skin. The Minorca head is carried rather high; the back is long and sloping; the tail is spread some- what and only moderately elevated, being carried at an angle of forts- degrees from the horizontal. Their legs are firm, muscular and set squarely under the long, powerful-looking bodies. At the shoulders the back has the appearance of being rather flat. The lines of breast and body are well rounded, and the general bearing of the birds, male and female, is graceful, and commanding for their size. The Minorca plum- age is compact, smooth on surface, fitting closely to the body in all sections. The beetle-green, brilliant black surface color of the Black variety should be free from purple, and the plumage of the White variety should be free from foreign color. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Single Comb Black. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 7J lbs. Cockerel 7\ lbs. Pullet 5 WHITE-FACED BLACK SPANISH FEMALE 156 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Tail: Largo and full; main lail feathers carried at an angle of forty- five degrees from (he horizontal; sickles, large, long and well curved; covert s, abundant. Bkkast: Deep, well rounded. Body axd Fluff: Bodv, long, moderately wide, straight from front to rear. Fluff, short. Luis and Toes: Thighs, moderate size, long; shanks, long. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Long, broad, deep. Beak: Bather long, stout. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Single, moderately large, deeply serrated, having five points, drooping to one side; very fine in texture. Face: Long, deep, smooth, free from wrinkles, rising well over eves in arched form and not obstructing sight, extending toward back of head and to base of beak, covering the cheeks and joining wattles and ear- lobes; the greater the extent of surface the better. Wattles and Evh- Lobes: Wattles, smooth, very long, thin, ribbon- like. Ear-lobes, very large, free from folds and wrinkles, meeting in front, extending well backward on each side of neck, hanging very low and regularly rounded on lower edges, very smooth. Neck: Long, well arched. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Long, broad and straight, sloping downward to middle of back, which rises in a short concave sweep to tail. Tail: Large, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the hori- zontal; the two top main tail-feathers slightly curved, especially in pullets. Bkeyst: Deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff': Body, long, moderately wide, straight from front to rear. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, moderately long; shanks, long. Toes, straight. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Dark brown. ( \>.\ib: Bright red. Face: Pure white. Wattles and Eau- Lobes: Wattles, males, bright red, except inside of upper part, which is white: females, bright red. Ear-lobes, pure white. Legs and Toes: Dark leaden-blue, or black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black, throughout; under- color, dark slate. BLUE ANDALUSIANS. The Audalusian ha* the distinction, unique among domestic fowl. of wearing the national color* — red, white and blue — it* face and eye* being red, it* ear-lobes white and its plumage blue. The origin of this breed is not dearly established, but it seem* to have been well known in Great Britain a* early as the eighteenth century, though its introduction into the I nited States and Canada is of more recent date. Judging bv its name, it probably came from Andalusia, a province in southern Spain. Whether the White and Black Minorca* are off-shoots from the Anda- lusians. or whether the Andalusians originated from a blending of White and Black Minorca*, coining originally from Sjain. i* a mooted question. but it is noticeable that anatomically the Andalusians and Minorcas are quite similar. The typical Andalusian of the Standard must be pre-eminently a symmetrical, graceful, compact fowl, of medium size, without coarseness of structure or clumsiness of carriage. The dark lao't.g of the plumage should stand out dearly and sharply. It should not merge into, nor blend •with the ground-color of the feather. The desired contrast is pronounced and wdl denned. If the ground-color is quite dark, the contrast cannot be as sharp as when the ground-color of the feather is of the "clear, even. medium" shade required by the Standard. Andalusian* that approach eloselv to Standard requirements are peculiarly attractive, in fact are beautiful examples of the art of poultry culture. D (V ; jalijiixiiions. Bed in ear-lobes covering one-half or more of the surface; red or posi- tive white in color of plumage: shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from ago. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHT'S . Cock 6 lb*. Hen o lbs. Cockerel o lbs. Pullet 4 lb* SHAPE OF MALE. Heap: Moderately long and deep. Beak: Moderate length. Exes : Large, oval. 157 158 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Comb, Single: Rather large, straight and upright, firm and even on head; evenly serrated, having five points. Face: Full and smooth. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, long, thin, smooth. Ear-lobes, almond shape. Neck: Rather long, arched, with hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Of moderate length, sloping downward to saddle which rises with a short, concave sweep to tail; saddle feathers, long. Tail: Large, full; main tail feathers carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal. Sickles, large, even, well curved; coverts, abundant. Breast: Broad, deep and well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, deep, well rounded, straight from front to rear. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of moderate size, long; shanks, long. Toes, straight. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Moderately long, deep. Beak: Moderate length. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb, Single: Rather large, rising slightly in front, drooping to one side; evenly serrated, having five distinct points. Face: Full, smooth. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, moderately long, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, almond-shaped. Neck: Long, arched. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Of moderate length, descending toward tail; saddle rising with slight concave sweep to tail. Tail: Long, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the hori- zontal, fairly well spread. Breast: Broad, deep and well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, deep, well rounded, straight from front to rear. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, slender, rather long; shanks, long, slender. Toes, straight. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, dark slaty-blue. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 159 Neck: Lustrous bluish-black. Wings: Wing-bows, lustrous bluish-black; primaries, a clear, even, medium shade of slaty-blue; secondaries, inner web a clear, even shade of slaty-blue, outer web slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade; wing-coverts, a clear, even, medium shade of slaty-blue, having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Back: Lustrous bluish-black. Tail: Sickles, lustrous bluish-black; tail-coverts, lustrous bluish- black; main tail feathers, a clear, even slaty-blue, with a well-defined lacing of bluish-black. Breast: A clear, even, medium shade of slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Body and Fluff: Body, a clear, even, medium shade of slaty-blue, each feather having a well defined lacing of a darker shade. Fluff, slaty- blue. Legs and Toes: Thighs, a clear, even shade of slaty-blue; shanks and toes, leaden-blue. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, slaty-blue. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Slaty-blue, laced with a darker shade. Wings: Primaries, a clear, even, medium shade of slaty-blue; re- mainder of the wing an even shade of slaty-blue, darker than that of pri- maries; feathers in all sections, except primaries, laced with a darker shade. Back: Slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Tail: Slaty-blue, laced with a darker shade. Breast: Slaty-blue, each feather having a well-defined lacing of a darker shade. Body and Fluff: Body, slaty-blue, each feather having a well- defined lacing of a darker shade. Fluff, slaty-blue. Legs and Toes: Thighs, slaty-blue; shanks and toes, leaden-blue. ANCONAS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering more than one-half of surface; red in any part of plumage; shanks other than yellow or yellow mottled with black. (See general disqualifications.) SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Moderate in length, fairly deep. Beak: Not too long, nicely curved. Eyes: Medium size and nearly round. Comb: Single, medium size, straight and upright, firm and even on head; having five distinct points, deeply serrated and extending well over back of head with no tendency to follow shape of neck; smooth, free from twists, folds and excrescences. Face: Smooth, fine in texture, nearly round. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, long, thin, well rounded, smooth in texture, free from folds or wrinkles. Ear-lobes, a broadened almond- shape, of moderate size, smooth, fitting closely to head. Neck: Long, nicely arched; hackle, abundant, flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Of moderate length, somewhat rounded at shoulders, slightly sloping downward from shoulders to center of back, then rising in a grad- ually increasing concave sweep to tail. Tail: Large, well spread; main tail feathers carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal; sickles, long, well curved; coverts, abundant. Breast: Well rounded, carried well forward. Body and Fluff: Body, of moderate length, fairly deep, straight from front to rear. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs aiid shanks moderately long and slender. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Moderate in length, fairly deep. Beak: Not too long, nicely curved. Eyes: Medium in size and nearly round. 160 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 161 Comb: Single, medium in size, deeply serrated, having five distinct points, the front portion of comb and first point to stand erect, the re- mainder of comb drooping gradually to one side; fine in texture, free from folds or wrinkles. Face: Smooth, fine in texture, well rounded. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of moderate size, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, oval in shape, smooth, thin, free from folds or wrinkles, fitting closely to the head. Neck: Long, slender and gracefully arched. Wings: Large and well folded. Back: Of moderate length, somewhat rounded, with a slight slope downward from shoulders to center of back, and then rising in a concave incline to tail. Tail: Long, full, and well spread, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Well rounded, carried well forward. Body and Fluff: Body, moderately long, fairly deep, straight from front to rear. Fluff, rather short, more developed than in male. Legs and Toes: Thighs and shanks, moderately long, slender. Toes, straight, COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, black. Beak: Yellow, upper mandible shaded with black. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Lustrous greenish-black; about one feather in five tipped with white. Wings: Bows, lustrous greenish-black, one feather in five tipped with white; primaries, black, edged with white; secondaries, black, ending with a white tip; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, many ending in a white spangle. Back: Lustrous greenish-black; saddle, lustrous greenish-black, about one feather in five tipped with white. Tail: Main tail feathers black, many tipped with white; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black, ending with white tips. Breast: Lustrous black, about one feather in five tipped with a white spangle. Body and Fluff: Body, lustrous black, about one feather in five tipped with a white spangle. Fluff, black, slightly tinged with white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black somewhat tipped with white; under- color, black or slate. Shanks and toes, yellow or yellow mottled with black. 162 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, black. Beak: Yellow, upper mandible shaded with black. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear- Lobes: White. Neck: Lustrous black, about one feather in five tipped with white. Wings: Bows, lustrous black, one feather in five ending in a white spangle; primaries, black edged with white; secondaries, black, ending with white tips; coverts, lustrous black, about one feather in five ending with a white spangle. Back: Lustrous black, about one feather in five ending with a white spangle. Tail: Black, many feathers ending with a white tip; coverts, black, about one feather in five ending in a white spangle. Breast: Lustrous black, about one feather in five ending with a white spangle. Body and Fluff: Body, black, about one feather in five ending in a white spangle. Fluff, black, slightly tinged with white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black, somewhat tipped with white. Shanks and toes, yellow or yellow mottled with black. Class IV. ENGLISH. Breeds Varieties ( White Dorkings j Silver-Gray [ Colored Redcaps Rose-Comb f Single-Comb Buff Orpingtons I Single-Comb Black [ Single-Comb White SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE ENGLISH CLASS. Symmetry 4 Weight 6 Condition 4 Comb 8 Head — • Shape 2, Color 2 4 Beak — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Eyes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Wattles and Ear-Lobes — Shape 2, Color 3 5 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color4 8 Back — ■ Shape 5, Color 5 10 Tail — Shape 5, Color 4 i) Breast — ■ Shape 5, Color 5 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5, Color 3 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 5, Color 3 8 100 163 DORKINGS. The Dorkings are among the oldest breeds of domestic fowl in ex- istence. The male is large, with a broad, low-set body that is rectangular in shape, as viewed from the side, possessing a long, deep keel and short legs, which give the bird a solid and compact appearance. The female closely resembles the male, except in feathering, though not as large in size and being a trifle shorter in legs, with a lower-set keel. The skin and flesh of the Dorkings are white. They differ from most other breeds in having five toes. (See Fig, 35,) SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Rather large. Beak: Of medium length, stout, well curved. Eyes: Prominent. Comb: Silver-Gray and Colored Dorkings, single, rather large, straight and upright; evenly serrated, having six well-defined points, the front and rear points shorter than the other four. White Dorkings, rose, square in front, firm and even on head, terminating in a well-defined spike; top, comparatively flat and covered with small, rounded points. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, rather large, well rounded at lower end. Ear-lobes, of medium size, about one-half the length of wattles. Neck: Rather short, arched; hackle, full and abundant, flowing well over shoulders, making it appear very broad, tapering to head. Wings: Large, well folded against body, not drooping. Back: Broad, long, straight, declining to tail; s;iddle feathers, abun- dant. Tail: Large, full, somewhat expanded, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal; sickles and coverts, abundant, well curved. Breast: Broad, deep, full, well rounded, carried forward. Body and Fluff: Body, long, broad, deep, keel long. Fluff, smooth in surface, moderately developed. Legs and Toes: Thighs, large, short, well meated, set well apart; shanks, short, stout, round in bone. Toes, five upon each foot, front and fifth toes moderately long and smooth; fifth toe well separated from the fourth and directly above it, rising on a slight incline from base to point. Shanks below hock, and toes free from feathers and down. 164 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 165 SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Of medium size. Beak: Of medium length, stout, well curved. Eyes: Prominent. Comb: Silver-Gray and Colored Dorkings, single, similar to that of male, but much smaller, and falling over to one side. White Dorkings, rose, similar to that of male, but much smaller. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, uniform, rather broad, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck: Rather short, arched; hackle, full and abundant, flowing over shoulders, tapering to head. Wings: Large, well folded against body. Back: Broad, long, straight, declining slightly to tail. Tail: Well developed; main feathers broad, close together, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded, carried forward. Body and Fluff: Body, long, broad, deep, with long, low-set keel. Fluff, smooth in surface, moderately developed. Legs and Toes: Thighs, large, short, well meated; shanks, short, stout, round in bone. Toes, five upon each foot, front and fifth toes, moderately long and smooth, fifth toe, well separated from fourth and directly over it and rising on a slight incline from base to point. Shanks below hock, and toes, free from feathers and down. WHITE DORKINGS. Disqualifications. Feathers other than white in any part of plumage; shanks other than white or flesh color; absence of fifth toe. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 1\ lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6^ lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: White. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Loees: Red. Legs and Toes: White. Plumage : Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. 166 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER-GRAY DORKINGS. Disqualifications. Shanks other than white or flesh color; absence of fifth toe. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6} lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 5£ lbs. COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, silvery white. Beak: White, streaked with horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, silvery white; a narrow gray stripe extending down middle of each feather of lower hackle is allowable. Wings: Bows, silvery white; primaries, quills black, black on upper web, white on lower web; secondaries, quills black, black on upper web, white on lower web, with a black spot at end of each feather; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming a wide bar across wing. Back and Saddle: Silvery white. Cape: Black. Tail: Sickles, greenish-black; a little white at base of main tail in cock is allowable; coverts, rich, lustrous black, the lesser coverts having an edging of white. Breast: Lustrous black. Body and Fluff: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, white. Under-Color: Slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery white. Beak: White, streaked with horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck : Hackle, silvery white, with a fine, black stripe extending down middle of each feather, tapering to a point near its extremity. Wings: Bows, silvery white, finely stippled with ashy-gray; pri- maries, upper web dark slate, lower web slaty-gray; secondaries, upper web dark slate, lower web slaty-gray; coverts, silvery white stippled with ashy- gray. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 167 Back: Gray, formed of silvery white finely stippled with ashy-gray. Tail: Black, penciled with gray on outside and dark slate on inside. Breast: Salmon-red, shading off to ashy-gray at sides. Body and Fluff: Body, silvery or slaty-gray, free from dark marks across feathers; under part of body, gray. Fluff, gray. Legs and Toes: Thighs, ashy-gray; shanks and toes, white. Under-Color: Slate. COLORED DORKINGS. Disqualifications. Shanks other than white or flesh color; absence of fifth toe. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, very light gray. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Bright red. Neck: Light straw color with a wide, black stripe extending down middle of each feather. Wings: Bows, light straw; primaries, black or dark slate; second- aries, upper web black, lower web white; coverts, lustrous greenish-black, forming a wide bar across wing. Back: Cape, black and white; saddle feathers, light straw color, with a wide, black stripe extending down middle of each feather. Tail: Black; sickles, greenish-black; coverts, lustrous black. Breast: Lustrous black. Body and Fluff: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, white. Under-Color; Dark slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Plumage, black or nearly black. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. 108 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER-GRAY DORKING MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 1C9 SILVER— GRAY DORKING FEMALE 170 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Neck : Black, with a narrow edging of gray on front feathers, the gray extending to sides. Wings: Bows, dark gray laced with black; primaries, dark brown; secondaries, upper web, black, lower web, dark gray; coverts, dark gray laced with black; shafts of feathers, brown. Back: Very dark gray marked with black; shafts of feathers, light bay. Tatl: Dark brown penciled with gray on outside and black on inside. Breast: Dark salmon edged with black; shafts of feathers, light bav. Body and Fluff: Body, dark brown or black, slightly mixed with gray. Fluff, dull black or dark gray. Legs and Toes: Thighs, dark gray and brown. Shanks and toes, white. Under-Color : Dark slate. REDCAPS. This is an old variety, well known to fanciers, having many practical and useful qualities. The male should be of good size, with large, rose comb, well-flowing hackle, a straight back of medium length, large, well- expanded tail and the full, well-rounded breast characteristic of this variety. The female should be of good size, with even, well-balanced, rose comb, round, well-formed breast, long, well-shaped back and deep, long body. The tail should be of good size and well expanded, giving the bird a well-balanced appearance. D isqualifications. Solid white ear-lobes; comb other than rose; foreign-colored feathers indicating impurity, except white in primaries; mottled breast in male; shanks other than slate or leaden-blue in color, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7$ lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 6 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short, deep. Beak: Of medium size, stout at base, well curved. Eyes: Full. Comb: Rose, large, not overhanging eyes, square in front, free from hollow in center, top covered with small points, uniform on each side, firm and even on head without inclining to one side, terminating at rear in a well-developed and straight spike. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Of medium size. • Neck: Rather long, with full hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, well folded against body. Back: Of medium length, sloping straight to tail; saddle feathers, long and sweeping. Tail: Full, well expanded, carried at an angle of fifty degrees from the horizontal; sickles, long, well curved; coverts, abundant. Breast: Broad, deep, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, long, rounded, broadest in front and taper- ing to rear. Fluff, rather snort. 171 172 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, well developed; shanks, rather long. Toes, straight, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head : Short, deep. Beak : Of medium size, stout at base, well curved. Eyes: Full. Comb : Similar to that of male, but smaller. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of medium size, well rounded. Ear-lobes, of medium size. Neck: Rather long, with full hackle. Wings: Large, well folded against body. Back: Long, straight, sloping slightly to tail. Tail: Long, full, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Broad, prominent. Body axd Fluff: Body, long, rounded, deep. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, well developed; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, rich, dark red. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Blue-black, each feather edged with red, the entire hackle shading off to black at base. Wings: Bows, deep, mahogany-red; primaries, dull black; second- aries, upper web black, lower web black with a broad edging of brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon; coverts, rich, deep brown, each feather ending with a black spangle, shaped like a half moon, forming double black bars across wings. Back: Rich red and black; saddle feathers, rich, dark red, with a bluish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts greenish-black. Breast: Lustrous black. Body and Fluff: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, slate or leaden- blue. Under-Color: Dark leaden-blue. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 173 COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, brown. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Black, each feather laced with golden bay. Wings: Bows, rich brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon; primaries, dull black, with a narrow edging of brown on lower web; secondaries, black, lower web with a broad edging of brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon; coverts, similar to bows. Back: Rich brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Tail: Black; coverts, brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Breast: Rich brown, each feather ending with a bluish-black spangle, shaped like a half moon. Body and Fluff: Body, similar to that of breast, but shading off lighter on under parts. Fluff, black powdered with brown. Legs and Toes: Thighs, light brown. Shanks and toes, slate or leaden-blue. Under-Color: Dark leaden-blue. ORPINGTONS. The Orpingtons are of English origin and, from their first introduction in their native land, have been one of the most popular breeds of fowls. Their large size, early maturity and winter egg production soon gained for them a reputation in all parts of the world, until today, they are the most popular breed ever originated on English soil. The originator introduced them in several colors, but the Buffs, Blacks and Whites were, from the first, the most popular. In these three varieties we have nothing to select from except our choice of color, as all are alike so far as size and shape govern. They are large and stately in appearance with rather long, round, deep bodies, full breasts and broad backs; the abundance of hackle and saddle feathers on the male giving the appearance of a rather short back. The legs are rather short and stand well apart. Shanks large and nearly round. The skin of the three varieties is white. The shanks of the Buffs and Whites are white, or pinkish-white. The Orpingtons have the distinction of being the only breed recognized where all varieties have solid color, and no one variety can claim any distinction over the other, as all are alike popular. The fanciers of the varieties are striving to maintain the color and shape, and to hold the Buffs with rich, golden buff surface color that har- monizes in all sections, with under-color free from white or black. The Blacks, with their lustrous black surface, free from purple bars. The Whites, with pure white plumage in all sections, free from brassiness. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 10 lbs. Hen 8 lbs. Cockerel 8§ lbs. Pullet 7 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Rather long, broad, deep. Beak: Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Single, rather large, set firmly on head, perfectly straight and upright; five well-defined points, those at front and rear smaller than middle ones; fine in texture; blades free from serrations. 174 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 175 Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles of medium size, well rounded at lower edges. Ear-lobes, medium size, oblong, smooth. Neck: Rather short, well arched, with abundant hackle. Wings: Of medium size, well folded; wing-fronts, well covered by breast feathers; wing-points, well covered by saddle feathers. Back: Broad, medium, flat at shoulders, rising with a full concave sweep to tail; saddle feathers, of medium length, abundant. Tail: Moderately long, fairly well spread, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal, forming no apparent angle with back where these sections join; sickles, of medium length, spreading laterally beyond main tail feathers; lesser sickles and tail-coverts, of me- dium length, nicely curved, sufficiently abundant to cover the main tail feathers. Bkeast: Broad, deep, and well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, broad, deep; keel-bone, rather long, straight, extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, large, rather short, covered with soft feathers; shanks, short, stout in bone, smooth. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head : Rather large, broad, deep. Beae: Short, stout, regularly curved. Eyes: Large, oval. Comb: Single, of medium size, set firmly on head, perfectly straight and upright; five well-defined points, those in front and rear smaller than middle ones; fine in texture. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of medium length, fine in tex- ture. Ear-lobes, of medium size, oblong. Neck: Rather short, well arched, nicely tapering to head, having a moderately full hackle. Wings : Of medium size, well folded. Back: Broad, moderately long, rising with concave sweep to tail. Tail: Moderately long, fairly well spread, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal; tail-coverts, abundant. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, rather long, broad, deep; keel-bone, rather long, straight, extending well forward. Fluff, moderately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, large, rather short, covered with soft feathers; shanks, short, stout, set well apart, smooth. Toes, of medium length, straight, strong, well spread. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. 176 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF ORPINGTONS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of the sur- face; yellow beak or skin; shanks other than white, or pinkish-white. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: White, or pinkish- white. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: White, or pinkish- white. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance; the head, neck, hackle, back, wing- bows and saddle richly glossed. Under-color, a lighter shade of buff, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections, is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. COLOR OF FEMALE. Bevk: White, or pinkish-white. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lodes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: White, or pinkish-white. Plumage: Surface throughout an even shade of rich, golden buff, free from shafting or mealy appearance, the head and neck plumage showing a luster of same shade as the rest of the plumage. Under-color, a lighter shade, free from foreign color. Different shades of buff in two or more sections, is a serious defect. A harmonious blending of buff in all sections is most desirable. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 177 BLACK ORPINGTONS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of surface; one-half inch or more of white in any part of plumage; yellow skin. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black, or dark brown. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Black; web and bottom of toes, white. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout; under-color black. WHITE ORPINGTONS. Disqualifications. Positive white in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of surface; feathers other than white in any part of plumage; yellow skin; shanks other than white or pinkish-white. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak : White, or pinkish- white. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: White, or pinkish- white. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. 178 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF ORPINGTON MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 179 BUFF ORPINGTON FEMALE Class V. POLISH. Breed Polish . SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry Size Condition Comb Crest — Shape 1*2, Color 8 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 Varieties ( White Crested Black Bearded Golden Bearded Silver Bearded White Buff Laced Non-Bearded Golden Non-Bearded Silver Non-Bearded White 4 4 4 o 20 G Wattles and Ear- Lobes -1, Beard* 4 8 (> S 8 10 8 c 6 lob Neck — Shape .'!, Color 3 Wings — ■ Shape 4, Color 4 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 Tail — Shape 5, Color .3 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3. Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 3. * Omit " Beard " in the non-bearded varieties, und give the S points to "Wattles and Ear -Lobes." 180 POLISH. The Polish varieties are regarded by fanciers generally as being strictly ornamental, although they represent one of the oldest breeds of pure-bred fowls. The male, to be a typical specimen, must be of medium size, with a large, flowing, well-balanced crest, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight. The back should be of medium length, and the tail large and well expanded, giving the bird a well-balanced appearance. The female is, in many respects, similar to the male. She should be com- paratively small, and have a large, oval-shaped crest, fitting rather closely on the head and well balanced. Her back should be straight and rather short, and the tail large and well expanded. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Large, with a pronounced protuberance on top of skull. Beak: Of medium length, slightly curved. Nostrils: Large, the crown being elevated above the curved line of beak. Eyes: Large, full. Comb axd Crest: Comb, V-shaped, of small size, the smaller ihe better; set evenlv on head, retreating into crest; natural absence of comb is preferred. Crest, very large, profuse, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight and falling over on both sides and in rear in a regular, even mass. IX BEARDED VARIETIES. Beard: Thick and full, running back of eye in a graceful curve. Wattles axd Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of equal length, thin, small, well rounded on the lower edge. Ear-lobes, small. Xeok: Of medium length, slightly arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down on shoulders. Wixos: Large, well folded. Back: Straight, wide across the shoulders, tapering to tail: saddle feathers, abundant, with concave sweep near base of tail. Tail: Large, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal; sickles and coverts, abundant and covering main tail feathers well. Breast: Full, prominent. 18] 182 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Body and Fluff: Body, short, moderately full, tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, small; shanks, of medium length, slender. Toes, straight. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head, Beak, Nostrils, Eyes, Comb, Wattles and Ear-Lob es: Similar to those of male, but smaller. Crest: Large, profuse, globular, rising well in front, regular and unbroken. Beard: Same as male. Neck: Of medium length, tapering, with full hackle. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Straight, broadest at shoulders, tapering with concave sweep near base of tail. Tail: Large, broad, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Full, round. Body and Fluff: Body, short, moderately full. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes : Thighs, of medium length, small ; shanks, of medium length, slender. Toes, straight. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. WHITE-CRESTED BLACK POLISH. Disqualifications. White in any part of plumage extending over half an inch, except in crest; shanks other than blue or dark leaden-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Bluish-black. Eyes: Black, or brown. Comb and Crest: Comb, red. Crest, white; a narrow band of black feathers at base of feathers in front allowable, but the fewer the better. Face: Red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes: Bluish-black. Plumage, except Crest: Lustrous greenish-black. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 183 BEARDED GOLDEN POLISH. Disqualifications. Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish- bay. Comb and Crest: Comb, red. Crest, golden bay, laced with black. Beahd: Golden bay, laced with black. Face: Red. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck: Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Wings: Primaries, bay, ending with black, the black tapering to a point on lower edge; secondaries, golden bay, with well-defined, black lacing; coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, widest at end, forming two well-defined wing-bars. Back: Golden bay, the end of each feather laced with black; saddle feathers, abundant, each feather laced with black, the texture of feather giving a rayed appearance. Tail: Golden bay, each feather laced with black, widest at end; sickles and coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, widest at end. Breast: Golden bay, free from mossing, each feather laced with black, the lacing being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Body, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Fluff, bay, tinged with black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, bay, laced with black; shanks and toes, slaty-blue. Under-Color: Slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Crest: Comb, red. Crest, in pullets, black, laced with bay, which, after first molt, should be golden bay, laced with black. Beard: Golden bay, heavily laced with black. Face: Red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck: Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Wings: Primaries, golden bay, each feather ending with black, the black tapering to a point on lower edge; secondaries, golden bay, with 18-1 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE-CKESTED BLACK POLISH MALE STANJ>Ali]> OF FFUFKCTION 1S.1 WHITE-CRESTED BLACK POLISH FEMALE 186 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION well-defined black ending; bows, golden bay, each feather laced with black; coverts, golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black growing wider at the extremity, forming two distinctly laced bars across wings. Back: Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Tail: Golden bay, each feather laced with black, the black being wider at outer end of feather. Breast: Golden bay, each feather laced with black. Body and Fluff: Body, golden bay, each feather laced with black. Fluff, a lighter shade of bay tinged with black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, bay, each feather laced with black. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. Under-Color: Slate. BEARDED SILVER POLISH. D isqualifications. Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Crest: Comb, red. Crest, white, laced with black. Beard: White, laced with black. Face: Red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck: White, each feather laced with black. Wings: Primaries, white, ending with black, the black tapering to a point on lower edges; secondaries, white, with well-defined black lacing; coverts, white, each feather laced with black, widest at end, forming two well-defined wing bars. Back: White, the end of each feather laced with black; saddle feathers, abundant, each feather laced with black, the texture of feathers giving a rayed appearance. Tail: White, each feather laced with black, widest at ends; sickles and coverts, white, each feather laced with black, widest at ends. Breast: White, free from mossing, each feather laced with black, the lacing being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Body, white, each feather laced with black. Fluff, white, tinged with black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white laced with black; shanks and toes, slaty-blue. Under-Color: Slate. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 187 COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Crest: Comb, red. Crest in pullets, black, laced with white. Beard, white, heavily laced with black. Face: Red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, white. Neck: White, each feather laced with black. Wixgs: Primaries, white, each feather ending with black, the black tapering to a point on lower edge; secondaries, white, with well-defined black lacing. Bows, white, each feather laced with black. Coverts, white, each feather laced with black, the black growing wider at the ex- tremity, forming two distinctly laced bars across wing. Back: White, each feather laced with black. Tail: White, each feather laced with black, the black being wider at outer end of feather. Breast: White, each feather laced with black. Body axd Fluff: Body, white, each feather laced with black. Fluff, white, tinged with black. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, white, each feather laced with black. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. Under-Color: Slate. BEARDED WHITE POLISH. Disqualifications. Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AXD FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face axd Wattles: Red. Ear-Lobes: White. Shax'ks ax'd Toes : Slaty-blue. Plumage : Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. 188 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BEARDED SILVER POLISH MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 189 BEARDED SILVER POLISH FEMALE 190 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF LACED POLISH. Disqualifications. Shanks other than blue or slaly-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Slaty-blue. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles : Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Crest: Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Beard : Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Head : Rich buff, ticked with pale buff. Neck: Rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Wings: Wing-bows, rich buff, laced with pale buff; primaries, buff, the outer end having an edging of pale buff; secondaries, rich buff, with a well-defined pale buff lacing; coverts, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff, widest at ends, forming two-well defined wing-bars. Back: Rich buff, the end of each feather laced with pale buff; saddle, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Tail : Buff ; sickles and coverts, buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Breast: Rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Body and Fluff: Body, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Fluff, light buff. Legs and Toes: Thighs, buff, laced with pale buff. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Slaty-blue. Eyes : Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear- Lobes : White. Crest: Buff, laced with pale buff. Beard: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Neck: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Wings: Bows, buff, laced with pale buff; primaries, buff; second- aries, buff, with a well-defined lacing of pale buff; coverts, buff, laced with pale buff, the pale buff growing wider at extremity, forming two well- defined wing-bars. Back: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Tail: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff, the pale buff being wider at outer end of feather. Breast: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. STAXDARD OF PERFECTION 191 Body and Fluff: Body, buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Fluff, light buff. Legs and Toes: Thighs, buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. XOX-BEAKDED POLISH. (Golden Silver and White.) The same a> the beardeil varieties in every respect, including dis- qualifications, shape and color, except that they have no beard. (See general disqualifications.) Class VI. HAMBURGS. Breed Hambtjrgs. Varieties Golden Spangled Silver Spangled Golden Penciled Silver Penciled White Black SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 4 Size 4 Condition 4 Comb 10 Head — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Beak — Shape 2, Color 2 4 4 10 7 10 8 12 Eves — Shape 2, Color 2 Wattles and Ear-Lobes — Shape .5, Color Neck — Shape 5, Color 2 Wings — Shape 4, Color 6 Back — • Shape 4, Color 4 Tail — Shape 4, Color 8 Breast — Shape 4, Color ~> 9 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Legs and Toes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 100 192 HAM BURGS. The Hamburgs originated in Holland and derived their name from the city of Hamburg. They are one of our oldest standard breeds, and blood from at least two of the varieties has been used in establishing some of our most popular American breeds. They breed remarkably true to type, birds at all ages showing symmetrical outlines in striking contrast to other Standard fowl. In size they are rather small, and, while classed as ornamentals by some, they are remarkable egg producers and have been known in some localities as everlasting layers. The eggs of the Hamburg are rather small with white shells. Their plumage is close fitting and, in markings in the Silver and Golden Spangled and Silver and Golden Pen- ciled, rival the pheasant in beauty. The plumage of the Golden Penciled female is considered by many to be the handsomest found in any Standard fowl. The combs of all varieties are rose, rather large for the size of the specimen. The difficulty of securing perfection in the wide range of color found in the several varieties, calls forth the greatest skill of the fanciers, and they are found in their highest state of perfection in the yards of our oldest and best informed breeders. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short, small. Beak: Of medium size. Eyes: Full. Comb: Rose, not so large as to overhang the eyes or beak, square in front, firm and even on head, without inclining to either side, uniform on sides, top covered with small points, free from hollow in center, terminating at rear in a spike which inclines upward very slightly. Wattles axd Ear-Lobes: Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded, free from wrinkles. Ear-lobes, of medium size, flat, round, smooth, even. fitting closely to head. Neck: Tapering, with full hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wixgs: Large, carried rather low. Back: Of medium length, flat at shoulders, straight, gradually slop- ing to rear of saddle. Tail: Full, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal; sickles, well curved; coverts, abundant. Breast: Broad, prominent. Bodt ASD Fluff: Body, round, symmetrical. Fluff, rather short. 193 1!M AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium size; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Short, small. Beak: Of medium size. Eyes: Full. Comb : Rose, similar to that of male, but smaller. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, small, thin, well rounded. Ear- lobes, small, flat, round, smooth, even, fitting closely to head. Neck: Tapering, with full hackle. Wings : Large, carried rather low. Back: Of medium length, moderately full, with slight concave sweep to tail. Tail: Full, somewhat expanded, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Broad, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, round, symmetrical. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium size, well developed; shanks, rather short, slender. Toes, straight. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. GOLDEN SPANGLED HAMBURGS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of the surface; absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; shanks other than leaden-blue, except the natural fading from age; hen-feathered male. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, golden bay. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Golden bay, with a glossy, greenish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather, terminating in a point near its extremity. Wings: Bows, rich, golden bay, distinctly spangled with lustrous greenish-black; primaries, upper web black, lower web bay; secondaries, rich golden bay, lower feathers ending with lustrous greenish-black, crescent-shaped spangles, gradually increasing into round-shaped spangles STANDARD OF PERFECTION 195 as they approach the back; coverts, clear golden bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large, greenish-black spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across wings. Back: Lustrous golden bay, spangled with greenish-black, the tex- ture of the feathers giving the spangles a rayed appearance; saddle feathers, lustrous golden bay with a lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather, same as in hackle. Tail: Lustrous greenish-black; sickles, lustrous greenish-black; coverts, lustrous greenish-black. Breast: Golden bay, each feather ending with a large, lustrous greenish-black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Golden bay, each feather ending with a large, greenish-black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Fluff, bay, tinged with slate. Legs and Toes: Thighs, golden bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color: Slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Plumage, rich, golden bay. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Golden bay, with a lustrous greenish-black stripe extending down middle of each feather, terminating in a point near its extremity. Wings: Bows, golden bay, distinctly spangled with lustrous greenish- black; primaries, upper web black, lower web bay; secondaries, golden bay, each feather ending with a lustrous greenish-black crescent-shaped spangle, gradually increasing into round-shaped spangles as it approaches the back; coverts, clear reddish-bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large, greenish-black spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across wings. Back: Golden bay, each feather ending with a large, greenish-black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Tail: Greenish-black; coverts, golden bay, each feather ending with a lustrous greenish-black spangle. Breast: Golden bay, each feather ending with a large, greenish- black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Body, golden bay, each feather ending with a large, greenish-black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Fluff, slate, tinged with gray. 196 AMERICAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION Legs and Toes: Thighs, golden bay, each feather ending with a greenish-black spangle. Shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color: Slate. Note: In all sections where the word "spangle" appears, when shape is not otherwise described, read, "edges of spangle following web of feather and meeting at shaft." SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering more than one-third of the surface; absence of distinct bars across the wings; markings wholly crescentic; shanks other than lea den- blue, except the natural fading 1 from age; hen-feathered male. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, white. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes : Black, or brown. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: White, each feather ending with an elongated, black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Wings: Bows, silvery white, distinctly spangled with black; pri- maries, white, each feather edged with black at end; secondaries, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a black, crescent-shaped spangle, gradually increasing into a round-shaped spangle as it approaches the back; coverts, silvery white, free from lacing, each feather ending with a large. Mack spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across wings. Back: Clear, silvery white, spangled with black, the texture of feathers giving spangles a rayed appearance; saddle, clear, silverv white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Tail: White, each feather ending with a long, black spangle; sickles, pure white, ending with a large, black spangle; coverts, pure white, ending with black spangles. Breast: Clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a large, black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Body, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a large, black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Fluff, slate, tinged with white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, silvery white, each feather endino- with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color: Slate. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 197 COLOE OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes - Black, or brown. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear- Lobes: White. Neck: White, each feather ending with an elongated, small, black spangle. Wings: Bows, silvery white, distinctly spangled with black; pri- maries, white, each feather ending with black at end; secondaries, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a lustrous, black, crescent-shaped spangle, gradually increasing into a round-shaped spangle as it approaches the back; coverts, silvery white, each feather ending with a large, black spangle, forming two distinct parallel bars across wings. Back: Silvery white, each feather ending with a large, black spangle. Tail: White, each feather ending with a large, black spangle; coverts, white on the outside, each feather ending with a black spangle. Breast: Clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Body and Fluff: Body, clear, silvery white, each feather ending with a black spangle, the spangle being proportionate to size of feather. Fluff, slate, tinged with white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, silvery white, each feather ending with a black spangle. Shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color: Slate. Note. In all sections where the word "spangle" appears, when shape is not otherwise described, read " edges of spangle following the web of feather and meeting at shaft." GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURGS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of the surface; breast of hen not penciled; shanks other than leaden-blue, except the natural fading from age; hen-feathered male. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, rich, bright bay. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. 108 AMEUICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURG MALE STANDARD OF PERFKCTfOX 190 yj^ - ■p w***^u §Sl2* Jl tt^f ~ t «m ^V. *f :&%&&&($ ■':.-■.,■-,,-. ( SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURG FEMALE 200 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURG MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 201 GOLDEN PENCILED HAMBURG FEMALE i>m AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Neck: Rich, bright reddish- bay. Wings: Bows, bright reddish- bay; primaries, upper web black, lower web bav; secondaries, upper web reddish-ba}', penciled across with black bars, lower web reddish- bay, each feather ending with a small, black spot; coverts, reddish-bay, upper web slightly penciled across with black bars. Back: Rich, bright reddish-bay. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, greenish-black with a distinct edging of rich, reddish-bay, the narrower the better. Breast: Rich reddish-bay. Body and Fluff: Body, lustrous reddish-bay, the sides below wings penciled across with black bars. Fluff, black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, reddish-bay. Shanks and toes, leaden- blue. Under-Color: Slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, bright reddish-bay. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Bright bay. Wings: Bows, clear bay, distinctly penciled across with greenish- black; primaries, bay; secondaries and coverts, bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Back: Bay, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black. Tail: Bay, penciled across with greenish-black; coverts, bay, pen- ciled across with greenish-black. Breast: Bright bay, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black. Body' and Fluff: Body, bay, each feather distinctly penciled across with parallel bars of greenish-black, the bars forming, as nearly as possible, parallel lines across the bird. Fluff, bay, penciled with black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, bay, penciled across with greenish-black. Shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color. : Slate. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 2015 SILVER PENCILED HAMBURGS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of the surface; breast of female not penciled; shanks other than leaden-blue, except the natural fading from age; hen-feathered male. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Neck: Clear white. Wings: Bows, white; primaries, white; secondaries, upper web black, with a narrow border of white or gray on edge; lower web, white with a narrow stripe of black next to shaft of feather; coverts, apparently white when the wings are folded, but penciled with black on upper web. Back: Silvery white; saddle feathers, silvery white. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, black, with a distinct edging of white, the narrower and more uniform the better. Bheast: White. Body and Fluff: Body, white, the sides below wings penciled across with black bars. Fluff, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, silvery white; shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Undek-Coloe: Slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Dark hdrn. Eyes: Reddish- bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear- Lobes: White. Neck: White, except at base which should be penciled across with narrow bars of greenish-black. Wings: Bows, white, distinctly penciled with greenish-black; pri- maries, white; secondaries and coverts, white, penciled across with green- ish-black. Back: White, each feather distinctly penciled across with narrow, parallel bars of greenish-black. Tail: White, penciled across with greenish-black; coverts, silvery white, penciled across with greenish-black. 204 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Breast: White, each feather distinctly penciled across with narrow, parallel bars of greenish-black. Body and Fluff: Body, white, each feather distinctly penciled across with narrow, parallel bars of greenish-black, the bars forming, as nearly as possible, narrow, parallel lines across the bird. Fluff, white, penciled with black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white, penciled across with greenish-black; shanks and toes, leaden-blue. Under-Color: Slate. WHITE HAMBURGS. Disqu alificatiofis. Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of surface; feathers other than white in any part of plumage; shanks other than leaden-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Leaden- blue. Eyes: Brown. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Shanks and Toes : Leaden-blue. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. BLACK HAMBURGS. Disqualifications. Red in ear-lobes covering one-third of the surface; white in the face of cockerels or pullets; pure white in an}' part of plumage extending over half an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than leaden-blue or black, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black, or brown. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Shanks and Toes: Black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout. Under- color, black. Class VII. FRENCH. Breeds Variolic.', Hoi'dans Mottled Crevecoeurs Black La Fleche Black SCALE OF POINTS. (Except for La Fleche, which are subject to Scale of Points for American Class.) Symmetry 4 Weight 4 Condition 4 Comb 4 Head — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Beak — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Eyes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Ear- Lobes and Wattles — Shape 2, Color 3 5 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 4. Color 4 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — ■ Shape 6, Color 4 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 4. Color 3 7 Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Crest and Beard — Shape 8, Color 4 12 100 20.5 HOUDANS. The Houdan characteristics are quite pronounced and should be pre- served in every detail. There is a certain regularity in the color of plum- age of this breed that, too often, is overlooked. The glossy, black feathers should be tipped regularly with white in the proportion of about one tipped feather to five solid black ones; a splashy white is not desirable. The Standard weights are not placed unduly high, hence their attainment should be common in well-bred birds. Houdans resemble the Dorkings in shape and size. The crest of the Houdan is one of the most important sections; it should be round and not divided at the top. Disqualifications. Absence of crest or beard; feathers other than black or white in any part of plumage. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 7i lbs. Hen 6£ lbs. Cockerel 6£ lbs. Pullet 5£ lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Of medium size, carried well up. Beak: Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils: Wide, cavernous. Eyes: Large. Comb and Crest: Comb, V-shaped, of small size, resting against front of crest. Crest, large, well fitted on crown of head, falling backward on neck, and composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of hackle. Beard: Full, well developed, curving around to back of eyes, nearly hiding face. Wattles and Ear-Lobks: Wattles, of uniform length, small, well rounded, nearly concealed by beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by crest and beard. Neck: Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down on shoulders. Wings: Moderately large, well folded, bows concealed by breast feathers and points by saddle feathers. m STANDARD OF PERFECTION 207 Back: Long, broad, slightly sloping toward base of tail; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Full, expanded, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal; sickles and coverts, abundant and well curved. Breast: Broad, deep, round. Body and Fluff: Body, long, compact, well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, set well apart; shanks, of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curve upward. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Of medium size. Beak : Of moderate length, well curved. Nostrils: Wide, cavernous. Eyes: Large, full. Comb .and Crest: Comb, V-shaped, similar to that of male. Crest, large, compact, regular, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Beard: Full, well developed, curving around to back of eyes, nearly hiding face. Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Wattles, of uniform length, small, well rounded, nearly concealed by beard. Ear-lobes, entirely concealed by crest and beard. Neck: Of medium length, well arched. Wings: Moderately large, well folded. Back: Long, broad, slightly sloping toward base of tail. Tail: Of medium length, rather compact; carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Broad, deep, well rounded. Body and Fluff: Body, long, compact, well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, strong, set well apart: shanks, of medium length. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, except the fifth, which should be detached from the others and curved upward. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lobes: White. Plumage: Surface, glossy black, mottled with white, the end of 208 AMERICAS POULTRY ASSOCIATION dMBfc ^^BHR, -afjjllfni^ WNfflmSrc WfJf/fr' ' % \mMw% •'.""5& ^wSwWttpffflM £/ '%•/''*«'''•'•'/ ■ • \VV V ' ^ .* ■» r W \%\ 'ill ' fW^^/^/A''/ ^*u\^ s -*< 11 l ■' 7 / f **t&w' * 'fM'ft <; x ^ '"^ l . / [ fml -M>< ., « « •*.,■ 1 mi i & rv . w - > - , «■ i ., JV V', -.*;#.% ■ «*» < »3ii £ ! V-t^OV ^^ ILk» . j^ glii a ■ ■'■: '" 'Wt^tm ■" v i^" ; \ , . « - - ^T^^.Pr* # *^*^tt .-.- v?... - Ik*- * '; y uiilLrff- Wki**~., HOUDAN MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 209 HOUDAN FEMALE 210 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION about one feather in five tipped with white; the white tips should be sharply defined and evenly distributed. Wings: Primaries, white and black, black predominating; second- aries, black. Tail: Black, ends of feathers tipped with white; sickle feathers, black edged with white. Shanks and Toes; Pinkish- white, mottled with black. CREVECOEURS. Disqualifications. Absence of crest or beard; pure white in any part of plumage, extend- ing over half an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white, except in crest; shanks other than black or dark lead color. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet C lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Large, with a pronounced protuberance on top of skull. Beak: Strong, well curved. Nostrils: Broad, highly arched. Eyes: Full, bright. Comb and Crest: Comb, leaf, like the letter V in shape, of medium size, resting against front of crest. Crest, large, well fitted on crown of head, regular, inclining backward, composed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of hackle. Beard: Full, thick, extending around to back of eyes, nearly hiding face. Face: Almost wholly concealed by crest and beard. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of uniform length, small, well rounded, nearly concealed by beard. Ear-lobes, small, nearly concealed by crest and beard. Neck: Of medium length, well arched, with abundant hackle flowing well down on shoulders. Wings: Of medium size, well folded. Back: Broad, straight; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Full, expanded, carried moderately upright; sickles and coverts, abundant, well curved. Breast: Broad, full, rounding well to shoulders. Body and Fluff: Body, compact, well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, strong; shanks, short, fine in bone, standing well apart. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. £11 212 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Large, with a pronounced protuberance on top of skull. Beak: Strong, well curved. Nostrils: Broad, highly arched. Eyes: Full, bright. Comb and Crest: Comb, leaf, like letter V in shape, small and as nearly concealed by crest as possible. Crest, large, compact, even, globu- lar, inclining backward in an unbroken mass. Beard: Full, thick, extending around to back of eyes, nearly hiding face. Face: Almost wholly concealed by crest and beard. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of uniform length, small, well rounded, nearly concealed by beard. Ear-lobes, small, entirely concealed by crest and beard. Neck: Of medium length, thick, well arched. Wings: Of medium size, well folded. Back: Broad, straight. Tail: Moderately expanded at base, converging to tip, carried moderately upright. Breast: Broad, full, rounding well to shoulders. Body and Fluff: Body, compact, well proportioned. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, strong; shanks, short, fine in bone. Toes, four upon each foot, straight, well spread. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black, shading into horn at tip. Eyes: Bright red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Shanks and Toes: Black, or dark leaden. Plumage: Rich, glossy black. LA FLECHE. Disqualifications. Presence of crest; pure white in any part of plumage extending over half an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than black or leaden-black in color. (See general disquali- fications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8i lbs. Hen 7* lbs. Cockerel 7J lbs. Pullet 6| lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Of medium size, long. Beak: Rather long, strong, well curved. Nostrils: Wide, cavernous. Eyes: Large. Comb: V-shaped; of medium size. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of equal length, long, well rounded, pendulous. Ear-lobes, large. Neck: Long, erect, with abundant hackle flowing well down on shoulders. Wings: Long, powerful, well folded. Back: Broad, very long, slanting to tail; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Very long, full, carried rather low; sickles, abundant; coverts, well curved. Breast: Broad, full, very prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, large, powerful, tapering to tail, with close plumage. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, powerful; shanks, long. Toes, straight, large. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head : Of medium size, long. Beak: Rather long, strong, well curved. Nostrils: Wide, cavernous. Eyes: Large. Comb: V-shaped; small. 213 on AMERICAS' POUI/fliV ASSOi'Lt TIOX Wattles and Eau-Loisf.s: Wattles, of equal length, small, well rounded. Ear-lobes, small. Neck: Long, carried upright, with full hackle. Wings: Long, powerful, well folded. Back: Broad, long, slanting to tail. Tatl: Long, well expanded, carried upright. Breast: Broad, full, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, large, deep, tapering to tail. Fluff, rather short . Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, powerful; shanks, long. Toes, straight, large. Shanks and toes, free from feathers and down. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black, or dark horn with a small protuberance of bright red flesh at juncture of beak and nostrils. Eyes: Bright red. Comb, Face and Wattles: Bright red. Ear-Lohes: White. Shanks and Toes: Black, or leaden-black. Plumage: Rich, glossy black. Cl ASS Yin. Breeds Uames. Game Bantams. GAMES AND GAME BANTAMS. Black-Breasted Red Brown Red Golden Duckwing Silver Duckwing Birchen Red Pvle White' Black Black-Breasted Red Brown Red Golden Duckwing Silver Duckwing Birchen Red Pvle White' Black SCALE OF POINTS. Station 16 Condition t> Comb j Head — Shape 4. Color 1 o Beak 4 Eyes . ... 4 Ear-Lobes and Wattles £ Neck — Shape ..>. Color :> 8 Wings — Shape o. Color 4 9 Back — - Shape 4. Color 3 7 Tail — Shape 3. Color 3 S Breast — Shape 4. Color 3 ? Body and Stem — Shape 4. Color 3. . . . 7 Legs and Toes — Shape 10. Color 5 15 Shortness of feathers (> 100 213 GAMES. The Game has a style or carriage peculiar to itself, which is generally described by the word "Station." A high-stationed bird is most desirable. Shortness and closeness of feathering are of great importance, as loose- feathered birds invariably fail in shape of neck. If the neck feathers are too long and soft, the slimness and length of the neck are destroyed. The comb and wattles of the cock should be dubbed, in order to have the head and lower jaw smooth and free from ridges. Exceptionally large birds are undesirable, as overgrowth tends to coarseness at the expense of form and style of carriage, which are essential to superior quality in Games. Disqualificat iuns. Cocks not dubbed; artificial coloring, trimming or plucking of foul feathers. Games are not to be disqualified for side sprigs. (See general disqualifications.) SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Long, lean and bony. Beak: Long, tapering, slightly curved. Eyes: Large, full, with keen expression. Comb: Cock, neatly and smoothly dubbed: cockerel, if undubbed, single, small, straight, thin, erect, evenly serrated. Face: Lean, thin, with fine skin. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Cock, neatly and smoothly dubbed; cockerel, if undubbed, small, thin, round, smooth. Neck : Long, very slightly arched, carried erect, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean-cut at throat, giving a distinct outline to head; hackle, short, close. Wings: Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from body at shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond body: carried without drooping, but not carried over the back. Back: Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at shoulders, narrowing and sloping to stern. Tail: Rather short, compact, closely folded, carried at slight eleva- tion; sickle feathers, narrow, short, tapering; tail-coverts, narrow, fine, short. Breast : Broad, rounded at sides. '216 STAXDARD OF PERFECTION 217 Body A-\D Stern: Body, fine and close on under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, muscular, standing out from body, but slightly sloping to hocks. Shanks, long, smooth, bony, standing well apart. Toes, long, straight, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. Plumage: Short, close. Station: Erect. Size: Exceptionally large birds are undesirable. Note: Cockerels shown after Nov. 1st should be dubbed. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Long, lean and bony. Beak: Long, tapering, slightly curved. Eves: Large, full, with keen expression. Comb: Single, small, straight, thin, erect, evenly serrated. Face: Lean, thin, with fine skin. Wattles and Eab-Lobes: Wattles, small, thin, round. Ear-lobes, small. Xeck: Long, very slightly arched, carried erect, tapering neatly and gradually from body to head, thin and clean-cut at throat, giving a distinct outline to head; hackle, short, close. Wings: Large, powerful, the fronts standing out from body at shoulders, the feathers folded closely together, the points not extending beyond body; carried without drooping, but not carried over the back. Back: Flat, rather short, straight on top from hackle to tail, broad at shoulders, narrowing and sloping to stern. Tail: Rather short, compact, closely folded, carried at slight eleva- tion. Breast: Broad, round at sides. Body and Stern: Body, fine and close on under part; not deep. Stern, well tucked up underneath. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, muscular, standing out from body, but slightly sloping to hocks. Shanks, long, smooth, bony, standing well apart. Toes, long, straight, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. Plumage : Short, close. Station: Erect. Size: Exceptionally large birds are undesirable. 'ZiH AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLACK-BREASTED RED GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, light orange. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, light golden. Wings: Shoulders, black; wing-fronts, black: wing-bows, red; wing- coverts, lustrous black, forming a distinct bar across wing; primaries, black, except lower feather, the outer web of which should be bay; secondaries, part of outer web forming wing-bay, bay, remainder of feathers, black. Back: Bright red; saddle, light golden. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail-coverts, lustrous black. Breast: Black. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, willow-green. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, gold. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, light golden with black stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings : Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bows, wing-coverts and second- aries, grayish-brown, stippled with golden brown; primaries, black. Back: Grayish-brown, stippled with golden brown. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers which, with the coverts, should be brown. Breast: Light salmon, shading off to ashy-brown toward thighs. Body and Stern: Ashy-brown. Legs and Toes: Thighs, ashy-brown. Shanks and toes, willow- green. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 219 BROWN RED GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, orange. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Dark purple. Neck: Hackle, lemon, with a narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather, terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings: Shoulders, black; wing-fronts, black; wing-bows, lemon; wing-coverts, lustrous black; primaries and secondaries, black. Back: Lemon; saddle, lemon, with a narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather, terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail-coverts, lustrous black. Breast: Black, the feathers laced with lemon. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, black. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, lemon. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Dark purple. Neck: Hackle, lemon with a narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings: Black. Back: Black. Tail: Black. Breast: Black, each feather laced with lemon. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, black. 220 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLACK-BREASTED RED GAME MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 221 BLACK-BREASTED RED GAME FEMALE <™2 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION GOLDEN DUCKWING GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head : Plumage, creamy white. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, creamy white, free from striping. Wings: Shoulders, black; wing-fronts, black; wing-bows, golden; greater and lesser wing-coverts, blue-black, forming a distinct bar across wing; primaries, black, except lower feathers, outer web of which should be creamy white; secondaries, part of outer web forming wing-bay, creamy white, remainder of feathers, black. Back: Golden; saddle, light golden, free from black striping. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail-coverts, lustrous blue-black; lesser tail-coverts, light golden. Breast: Black. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, willow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face. Wattles and Ea.r-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, silvery gray, with narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremitv of feather. Wings: Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bows, wing-coverts and second- aries, gray, stippled with dark gray; primaries, dark brown. Back: Gray, stippled with darker gray. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers, which should be gray. stippled with darker gray. Breast: Rich salmon. Body and Stern: Ashy-gray. Legs and Toes: Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks and toes, willow. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 223 SILVER DUCKWING GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, white, free from black stripes. Wings: Shoulders, black; wing-coverts, blue-black; wing-fronts, black; wing-bows, white, forming distinct bar across wing; primaries, black, except lower feathers, outer web of which should be white; second- aries, part of outer web forming wing-bay, white, remainder of feathers, black. Back: White; saddle, white, free from black stripes. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail-coverts, lustrous blue-black; lesser tail-coverts, white. Breast: Black. Body and Stern : Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, willow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, silvery gray. Beak: Horn. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck: Hackle, silvery gray, with narrow, black stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings: Shoulders, wing-fronts, wing-bows, wing-coverts and second- aries, light gray, finely stippled with darker gray; primaries, black Back: Light gray, finely stippled with darker gray. Tail: Black, except the two top feathers, which should be light gray, stippled with darker gray. Breast: Light salmon. Body and Stern: Ashy-gray. Legs and Toes: Thighs, ashy-gray. Shanks and toes, willow. L"-> t AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER DUCKWING GAME MALE STANDARD UF I'ERFECTION SILVER DUCKWING GAME FEMALE 226 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BIRCHEN GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Dark purple. Neck: Hackle, white, with narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings: Shoulders, black; wing-fronts, black; wing-bows, white; wing-coverts, glossy black; primaries and secondaries, black. Back: White; saddle, white, with narrow, black stripe through middle of each feather. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail-coverts, lustrous black. Breast: Ground color, black, the feathers laced with white. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, black. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, white. Beak: Black. Eyes: Black. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Dark purple. Xeck: Hackle, white, with narrow, dark stripe through middle of each feather terminating in a point near extremity of feather. Wings: Black. Back: Black. Tail: Black. Breast: Black, feathers laced with white. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black. Shanks and toes, black. STANDARD OF PERFECTION -2-Z1 RED PYLE GAMES. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, bright orange. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Red. Neck: Hackle, light orange. Wings: Shoulders, white; wing-fronts, white; wing-bows, red; wing- coverts, white, forming distinct bar across wing; primaries, white, except lower feathers, outer web of which is bay; secondaries, part of outer web forming wing-bay, red, remainder of feathers, white. Back: Red; saddle, light orange. Tail: Sickle and tail-coverts, white. Breast: White. Body and Stern: White. Legs and Toes : Thighs, white. Shanks and toes, yellow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, golden. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Red. Neck : Hackle, white, the feathers edged with gold. Wings: White. Back: White. Tail: White. Breast: Salmon. Body and Stern: White. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white. Shanks and toes, yellow. 228 AMERIC. I ,Y l'OnLTUY ASSOCI. I TION RED PYLE (JAMIO MALE STANDARD OF PKItFKCTlON OOJ) RED PYLE GAME FEMALE 230 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE GAMES. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Red. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes : Red. Legs and Toes: Yellow. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure while. BLACK GAMES. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Brown. Comb, Face, Wattles vxn Ear- Lobes: Deep red. Legs and Toes: Black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout; under- color, black. GAME BANTAMS. D isqualifical ions. Cocks, not dubbed; artificial coloring, trimming or plucking of foul feathers; cocks weighing over 28 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. Game Bantams are not to be disqualified for side sprigs. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 22 oz. Hen 20 oz. Cockerel 20 oz. Pullet 18 oz. SHAPE AND COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. The shape and color of Game Bantams shall be the same as of the corresponding varieties of Games. 231 Class IX. ORIENTALS. Break Varirlins f Dark Couxish , ) White ( White-Laced Red Sumatras Black Malays Black-Breasted Red Malay Baxtams Black-Breasted Red SCALE OF POINTS. Station 8 Weight 4 Condition 4 Comb (J Head — Shape 3, Color 1 4 Beak — Shape 1, Color 1 ■■> Eyes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Ear-Lobes — Shape 1, Color 1 2 Wattles — Shape ] Neck — Shape 4, Color 3 7 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — Shape 6, Color4 10 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — Shape C, Color 4 10 Body and Stern — Shape 6, Color 3 !) Legs and Toes — Shape 0, Color 3 9 Shortness of Feathers 4 100 o'-j^ CORNISH FOWLS. The Cornish Fowl originated in Cornwall, England, some years prior lo 184(i. They were produced by crossing a Lord Derby Black-Breasted Red Game with a Red Aseel imported from India. Later on the blood of the Sumatra Game was introduced. The parental blood is apparent in the Cornish of the present day. From the Aseel they derive the short, thick legs, large thighs, deep and broad breast, great width of back at shoulders, comparatively short neck and projecting brows; from the Lord Derbv Game, the red color of plumage and the tendency of the breed to- ward red eyes; from the Sumatra Game, the great luster of plumage, es- pecially in the tail. They are sturdy in appearance, and the thighs are stout and muscular. The breast bone is well set in, causing a lack of full- ness of breast, which is, however, very broad and rounded at the sides. The carriage is upright, the shoulders being carried high and the stern low. The body between thighs should be very wide. The White variety is identical with the Dark Cornish, except that the plumage should be pure white. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 8 lbs. Pullet 6 lbs. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short, deep and broad, the crown projecting over the eyes, indicating great vigor and strong constitution. Beak: Short and stout, well curved. Eyes: Full, with bold and fearless expression, not sunken, in the sense of being close together. Comb and Face: Comb, pea, small, firmly and closely set upon head. Dubbed males deduct the full value of the comb. Face, rather coarse in texture. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, even, smooth in texture. Ear-lobes, small, smooth in texture. Neck: Medium in length, slightly arched; throat, full, dotted with small feathers. Wings: Short and muscular, closely folded; wing-fronts standing out prominently from body at shoulders; wing-points, slightly rounded at ex- 233 234 AMERICAS' POULTRY ASSOCIATIOS treme ends when folded, closely tucked at ends and held on a line with lower tail-coverts. Back: Medium in length, top line of back slightly convex, sloping downward from base of neck to tail, and slightly sloping from each side of back bone, well filled in at base of neck; hip-bones very wide apart; very broad across the shoulders, carrying its width well back to a line with the thighs, showing good width between wings and then narrowing to tail. Tail: Short and closely folded, carried slightly drooping. Breast: Broad and deep, well rounded at sides, projecting beyond wing-fronts when specimen is standing erect. Body and Stern: Body, well rounded at sides; keel, long and straight. Stern, well tucked up. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, round, muscular, set well apart; shanks, short and stout in bone. Toes, long, strong and straight, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. Pli'mage: Short, narrow and close. Station and Carriage: Station, low; carriage, erect, upright, indicating great vigor. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Short, deep and broad, the crown projecting over the eyes, indicating great vigor and strong constitution. Beak: Well curved. Eyes: Full, with bold and fearless expression, not sunken in the sense of being close together. Comb vxdFace: Comb, pea, small, and closely set upon head. Face, rather coarse in texture. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, even; smooth in texture. Ear-lobes, small, smooth in texture. Neck: Medium in length, slightly arched; throat, full, dotted with small feathers. Wings: Short and muscular, closely folded; wing-fronts, standing out prominently from body at shoulders; wing-points, slightly rounded at ex- treme ends when folded, closely tucked at ends and held on a line with lower tail-coverts. Back: Medium in length; top line of back slightly convex, sloping downward from base of neck to tail, and slightly sloping from each side of back bone; well filled in at base of neck, hip-bones very wide apart; very broad across the shoulders, carrying its width well back to a line with the thighs showing good width between wings and then narrowing to tail. Tail: Short and closely folded, carried slightly drooping. Bre ^st : Broad and deep, well rounded at sides, projecting beyond wing-fronts when specimen is standing erect. STAXDARD OF PERFECTION M:> Body and Stern: Body, well rounded at sides; keel, long and straight. Stern, well tucked up. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, round, muscular, set well apart; shanks, short and stout. Toes, long, strong and straight, well spread. Shanks, below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. Plumage: Short, narrow and close. Body in Hand: Firm, compact, muscular. Station and Carriage: Station, low; carriage, erect, upright, in- dicating great vigor. DARK CORNISH. Disqualifications. Combs other than pea or irregular pea; solid whi e, blue or black shanks. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Greenish- black. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Yellow, approaching pearl. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, lustrous greenish-black; shafts, red; plumage, other than hackle, lustrous greenish-black, shafts, red. Wings: Wing-fronts, greenish-black; wing-bows, lustrous greenish- black and dark red intermixed, the black greatly predominating; coverts, forming wing-bars, lustrous greenish- black; primaries, black, except a narrow edging of bay on outer web; secondaries, upper web black, lower web one-third black next to shaft, the remainder bay. Back: Lustrous greenish-black and dark red intermixed, the black- greatly predominating; saddle feathers, like back in color, but with a somewhat larger proportion of dark red. Tail: Black; sickles and coverts, lustrous greenish-black. Breast: Lustrous greenish-black. Body and Stern: Black. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black; shanks and toes, yellow. Under-Color: Dark slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, greenish-black. Beak: Yellow. Eyes : Yellow, approaching pearl. ZM AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION DARK CORNISH MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 237 2s^:^'- ; --^»# > ^ A >Cr DARK CORNISH FEMALE 238 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Hackle, lustrous black, with bay shaft to each feather; plum- age, other than hackle, bay, approaching mahogany, each feather having two pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following contour of web of feathers. Wings: Primaries, black, except a narrow edging of irregularly penciled bay upon outer part of web; secondaries, upper web black, lower web black next to shaft of feather, with a broad margin of irregularly pen- ciled bay; wing-bows and coverts, bay, approaching mahogany, each feather having two pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following contour of web of feather. B/vrK : Bay, approaching mahogany; each feather having two pencilings of lustrous black, the penciling following contour of web of feather. Tail: Main feathers, black, except the two upper feathers which are irregularly penciled with bay; coverts, bay, approaching mahogany, each feather having two pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings follow- ing contour of web of feather. Breast: Bay, approaching mahogany, each feather having two pen- cilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following contour of web of feather. Body and Stern: Body, bay, approaching mahogany, each feather having two pencilings of lustrous black, the pencilings following contour of web of feather. Stern, black, or black tinged with bay. Legs and Toes: Thighs, black, more or less penciled with bay, shanks and toes, yellow. WHITE CORNISH. Disqualifications. Combs other than pea or irregular pea: red, buff or positive black in any part of plumage; solid green or white shanks. (See general disquali- fications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Bkvk: Yellow. Eves: Yellow, approaching pearl. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Yellow. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 239 WHITE-LACED RED CORNISH. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 8 lbs. Hen 6 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. Disqualifications. Combs other than pea or irregular pea; solid white, blue or black shanks. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: Rich, bright red, each feather tipped with white. Beak: Bright yellow. Eyes: Yellow, or approaching pearl. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright, rich red, each feather laced with silvery white; under- color, snow white. Wixgs: Wing-fronts, wing-bows and shoulders, bright, rich red, each feather regularly and accurately laced with a narrow lacing of silvery white; coverts, bright, rich red, forming wing-bars, accurately laced with white; primaries, bright, rich red, ending with white and well up on lower edge; secondaries, bright, rich red, with well-defined, accurate lacings of white; flight-coverts, red, laced with white; under-color, snow white. Back: Bright, rich red, each feather ending with silvery white ap- proaching the letter "V" in shape; saddle feathers prominent, each feather laced with silvery white, the texture of the feather giving a ray appearance; under-color, snow white. Tail: White, with shaft and extreme center, red; sickles and coverts, white, with red shaft and center. Breast: Bright, rich red, each feather laced with a narrow lacing of white, regular and accurate, following shape of web to fluff; under- color, snow white. Body and Fluff: Bright, rich red, each feather regularly and ac- curately laced with a narrow lacing of white, throughout; under-color, snow white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, bright, rich red, each feather accurately laced with white; under-color white; shanks and toes, a strong, bright yellow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head : Bright, rich red, each feather laced with white. Beak : Bright yellow. Eyes: Yellow, or approaching pearl. 240 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION b 4 WHITE-LACED RED CORNISH MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 241 t^p**^ WHITE-LACED BED CORNISH FEMALE 242 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Comb, Face, Wattles and Eae-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: Bright, rich red, each feather accurately laced with white; under-color, snow white. Wings: Bright, rich red, with wing-bows, wing-fronts, shoulders and wing-bars accurately laced with a narrow lacing of white; primaries, bright, rich red ending with white and well up on lower edge; secondaries, bright, rich red, with well-defined, accurate lacings of white; under-color, snow white. Back: Bright, rich red throughout, with each feather from cape to tail, regularly and accurately laced, with a narrow white lacing conforming perfectly to shape of feather and free from mossings or barrings; under- color, snow white. Tail: Red, each feather laced with white, the white being wider at extremity of feather. Breast: Bright, rich red, with each feather regularly and accurately laced with a narrow lacing of white conforming perfectly to shape of feather, free from mossings or barrings; under-color, snow white. Body and Fluff: Bright, rich red, each feather accurately laced with white; under-color, snow white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, red, each feather accura v ely laced with white; under-color, snow white; shanks and toes, a bright, strong yellow. BLACK SUMATRAS. Disqualifications. Combs other than pea; white ear-lobes; feathers other than black in any part of plumage. (See general disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 10 Condition 10 Comb — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Head and Beak — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Eyes — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Ear-Lobes and Wattles g Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — - Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 7, Color 5 12 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Body and Stern — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Length of Feathers 4 100 SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short and round. Beak: Of medium length, strong, well curved. Eyes: Large and bold. Comb: Pea, small. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Very small. Neck: Rather long, well arched; hackle, long, flowing. Wings: Long, large, carried with fronts slightly raised; points of feathers folded closely together, not drooping and not carried over the back. Back: Of medium length, broad at shoulders, slightly narrowing to tail, with very long, flowing saddle feathers. Tail: Long, drooping, carried at an angle of thirty degrees above the horizontal, with abundance of feathers and coverts which should t :: long and flowing. Breast: Broad, full. Body and Stern: Body, firm, muscular, tapering to tail. Stern, compact. 243 »U AMEHICAX I'OI'L'lliY AHKOCl ATIOX Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, strong; shanks, rather short, standing well apart. Toes, long, straight, and well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Short and round. Beak: Of medium length, strong, well curved. Eyes: Large and bold. Comb: Pea, small. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Very small. Neck: Rather long; hackle, long. Wings: Long, large; points not drooping and not carried over the back. Back: Of medium length, broad at shoulders, slightly narrowing to tail. Tail: Long, large, drooping, carried at an angle of thirty degrees above the horizontal. Breast: Broad, round, full. Body and Stern: Body, firm, muscular, tapering to tail. Stern, compact. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, large, strong; shanks, rather short, standing well apart. Toes, well spread. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feathers and down. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Dark olive or leaden-black. Eyes: Dark brown. Comb and Face: Purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Dark red. Legs and Toes: Dark olive or leaden-black. Plumage: Very lustrous greenish-black throughout. BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAYS. Disqualifications. Single or lopped combs ; shanks or feet other than yellow in color; duck feet. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 9 lbs. Hen 7 lbs. Cockerel 7 lbs. Pullet 5 lbs. STANDARD HEIGHTS. Cock 26 in. Hen 18 in. Cockerel 18 in. Pullet 15 in. SCALE OF POINTS. Station 10 Weight and Height H Condition 8 Head, Beak and Eyes — Shape 5, Color 6 11 Comb 6 Wattles and Ear-Lobes 4 Neck — Shape 3, Color3 6 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — Shape 2, Color 3 5 Tail — Shape 3, Color3 6 Breast — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Body and Stern — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Thighs and Shanks — - Shape3, Color3 6 Feet 2 Hardness of Feather — Condition 3, Hardness 3 100 SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Broad, long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving fierce, cruel expression. Beak: Thick, short, strong. Eyes: Large, clear. 245 a 246 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Comb: Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob in front; set well forward. If males are dubbed, deduct six points. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Very small. Neck: Long, nearly straight and upright; hackle, short, scanty. Wings: Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very prominent at shoulders, carried compactly against sides; wing-points resting under saddle feathers, without drooping or being carried over back. Back: Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to tail, large and broad at shoulders; saddle, narrow, drooping; saddle feathers, short, scanty. Tail: Of medium length, drooping, well folded together; sickle feathers curved, but not long. Breast: Broad, full; breast-bone, deep, prominent. Body and Stern: Body, firm, muscular, broad at intersection of shoulders, tapering toward tail. Stern, well tucked up. Thighs and Shanks: Thighs, long, hard, round, set well apart. Shanks, long. Feet: Flat, broad; toes, well apart, long, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. Hardness of Feather: Feathers, short, lying close, hard, firm and strong. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Broad, long, crown heavy and projecting over the eyes, giving a fierce, cruel expression. Beak: Thick, short, strong; face and throat bare of feathers. Eyes: Large, clear. Comb: Rather small, resembling a strawberry or knob in front; set well forward. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Very small. Neck: Long, nearly straight and upright; hackle, short. Wings: Of medium length, large, strong, bony, very prominent at shoulders, carried compactly against sides; wing-points resting under saddle feathers, without drooping or being carried over back. Back : Long, slanting, rather convex in outline, tapering to tail, large and broad at shoulders. Tail: Of medium length, carried slightly drooping, well folded. Breast: Broad, full; breast-bone, deep, prominent. Body and Stern: Body, firm, muscular, broad at intersection of shoulders, tapering toward tail. Stern, well tucked up. Thighs and Shanks: Thighs, long, hard, round, set well apart. Shanks, long, bony, strong, standing evenly apart; scales smooth. Feet: Flat, broad; toes, well apart, long, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 247 Hardness of Feather: Feathers short, lying close, hard, firm, strong. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Plumage, red or maroon. Beak: Yellow, or yellow striped with horn. Eyes: Pearl, yellow or daw. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Rich red or purplish. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, black; hackle, dark red, shading into reddish-maroon. Wings: Wing-fronts, black; wing- bows, a rich, glossy, dark red; coverts, glossy greenish-black, forming a wide bar across the wings; pri- maries, black, outer edge rich bay; secondaries, part of outer web forming wing-bay, rich bay, the remainder of feathers black. Back: Rich, glossy, dark red or maroon; saddle feathers, rich, dark red. Tail: Black; sickle feathers and tail coverts, rich, glossy greenish- black. Breast: Glossy black. Body and Stern : Black. Thighs and Shanks: Thighs, black. Shanks and feet, yellow. Under-Color: Slate, tinged with brown. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: Plumage, dark brown. Beak: Yellow, or yellow and horn. Eyes: Pearl, yellow or daw. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Rich red or purplish. Neck: Plumage, other than hackle, cinnamon-brown; hackle, dark brown, or brown striped with black. Wings: Wing-fronts, wing-bows, coverts and secondaries, brown; primaries, very dark brown. Back: Dark or cinnamon-brown, not infrequently penciled. Tail: Very dark brown or black. Breast: Cinnamon-brown, not infrequently penciled. Body and Stern: Brown. Thighs and Shanks: Thighs, brown. Shanks and feet, yellow. Under-Color: Slate, tinged with brown. BLACK-BREASTED RED MALAY BANTAMS. Dixqiialifiralionx. Same as for large Malays; also, cocks weighing over 30 ounces, hens over 28 ounces, cockerels over L 2S ounces, pullets over "2(i ounces. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Clock 2<> oz. Hen L >1 oz. Cockerel -H oz. Pullet *> oz. SHAPE AND COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. The general shape and color of Black-Breasted Red Malay Bantams shall be the same as those of the standard-size Malays. 248 Class X. ORNAMENTAL BANTAMS. Breeds Varieties Sebrights ( Golden \ Silver Rose-Comb f White \ Black Booted White Brahma ( Light Dark Buff Cochin £n'' ridge ) White I Black C Black Tailed Japanese } White ( Black f Bearded White Polish } Buff Laced (^ Non-Bearded 2+9 ORNAMENTAL BANTAMS. Ornamental Bantams are bred chiefly for pleasure and fancy, but Ihev possess many useful qualities as well, being, as a rule, good layers and valuable as sitters; in fact, Cochin Bantam hens are used to hatch the eco-s of Pheasants and other fowls under domestication. Among ornamental bantams the Cochin and Brahma Bantams are miniatures of the laro-e Cochins and Brahmas in shape and color; the Black and White Rose-Combs are counterparts of the graceful and stylish Hamburgs, carrying, however, wings and tails somewhat larger in proportion to the bodv. Thev are the embodiment of grace, style and sprightliness. Sebright Bantams, were originated in England by the late Sir John Sebright and were the result of thirty years of painstaking care in mating and breeding. They are, perhaps, the greatest achievement of the fancier's art in producing birds of both sexes that are marvels of diminu- tive size and lace 1 feathers in all sections. The feathers in both male and female are laced exactly alike. The low carriage of wings and well- spread tail give to these beautiful birds a most distinctive and striking ap- pearance. The Japanese Bantams are one of the curiosities of the Bantam class. The disproportionately large comb, face, wings and tail (of the male), and remarkable shortness of legs are the chief characteristics. The tail is distinguished by the long, sword-shaped sickles, that are carried forward and upright to an unusual degree. Polish Bantams should be the same in shape, style and plumage as the large varieties of Polish. The White Booted are distinct from the White Cochin Bantams in the possession of an abundance of stiff feathers, pronounced vulture-hocks, and an upright and sprightly carriage. 2.30 STAXDARD OF PERFECTIOX 251 SCALE OF POINTS FOR SEBRIGHT AND ROSE-COMB BANTAMS. Symmetry 4 Weight 4 Condition 4 Comb 8 Head — Shape 2, Color -2 4 Beak — Shape 2, Color 2 1 Eye — Shape 2, Color 2 4 Wattles and Ear-Lobes — Shape 4, Color -1 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 4 7 Wings — • Shape 5. Color 5 10 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 6, Color 6 12 Breast — Shape 5, Color 4 9 Body and Fluff — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 3 (i 100 SCALE OF POLNTS FOR BOOTED WHITE, BRAHMA, ALL COCHIN AND JAPANESE BANTAMS. Symmetrv 8 Weight .'. . . . 6 Condition 6 Comb 8 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Wattles and Ear-Lobes <> Neck — Shape 4, Color 6 10 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 > s Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — Shape 5, Color 5 10 Body and Fluff — Shape 5. Color 3 8 Legs and Toes _• 8 100 SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Combs other than rose; absence of spike; cocks or cockerels having hackle feathers extending over shoulders or sickle feathers extending more than an inch and a half beyond tail proper; shanks other than slaty-blue in color; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Large, round in front and carried well back. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Large, round. Comb : Rose, square in front, firm and even on head, terminating at rear in a spike which inclines upward very slightly; top covered with small points. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, broad, well rounded. Ear- lobes, flat. Neck: Tapering, well arched, carried very far back; hen-feathered, free from true hackle feathers. Wings : Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal hocks. Back: Very short, free from saddle hangers. Tail: Full, well expanded, carried at an angle of seventy degrees from the horizontal, very high, free from sickles; feathers, broadest toward the ends, the two upper, which may be slightly curved, not extending more than an inch and a half beyond others; coverts, straight, round at ends and lying close to sides of tail. Breast: Full, round, carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff: Body, compact, deep, short. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, very short and stout; shanks, short, rather slender. Toes, straight. Shanks below hock, and toes, free from feath- ers and down. 252 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 253 SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Broad and well rounded. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Large, round. Comb: Rose, similar to that of male, but very small. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, flat, small. Neck: Tapering, upright. Wings: Large, carried low, but not so low as to conceal hocks. Back: Short, tapering to tail. Tail: Full, well expanded, carried at an angle of seventy degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Full, round, carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff: Body, compact, deep, short. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, very short, stout; shanks, short, rather slender. Toes, straight. Shanks below hocks, and toes, free from feath- ers and down. GOLDEN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Brown. Comb and Face: Reddish-purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, reddish- purple. Shanks and Toes: Slaty-blue. Plumage: Surface throughout, golden yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of lustrous black. Under-color, slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Brown. Comb and Face: Reddish-purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, reddish- purple. Shanks and Toes: Slaty-blue. Plumage: Surface throughout, golden yellow, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of lustrous black. Under-color, slate. 254 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAM MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 255 SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAM FEMALE 256 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SILVER SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Brown. Comb and Face: Reddish-purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, reddish- purple. Shanks and Toes: Slaty-blue. Plumage: Surface throughout, silvery white, each feather evenly and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of lustrous black. Under- color, slate. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Dark horn. Eyes: Brown. Comb and Face: Reddish-purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, reddish- purple. Shanks and Toes: Slaty-blue. Plumage: Surface throughout, silvery white, each feather evenlv and distinctly laced all around with a narrow edging of lustrous black. Under-color, slate. ROSE-COMB BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Combs other than rose; absence of spike; cocks weighing over 28 ounces; hens weighing over 2-t ounces; cockerels weighing over 24 ounces; pullets weighing over 22 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Small, round, carried well backward over the body. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Full. Comb: Rose, square in front, firm and even on head, terminating at rear in spike which inclines upward very slightly; top covered with small points. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, prominent, flat, round, smooth, even, fitting closely to head. Neck: Tapering, carried back so as to bring head toward tail; hackle, full, long, descending well over shoulders. Wings: Large, points carried low, but not to conceal hocks; second- aries, slightly expanded. Back: Very short, tapering to tail; saddle feathers, abundant, long. Tail: Full, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal; sickles, long, well curved; coverts, abundant. Breast: Full, round, carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff: Body, plump, tapering toward tail. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short; shanks, short, smooth, tapering. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Small, round. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Full. Comb : Rose, similar to that of male, but smaller. 257 258 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION ROSE-COMB BLACK BANTAM MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 259 ROSE-COMB BLACK BANTAM FEMALE 260 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, thin, well rounded. Ear- lobes, prominent, flat, round, smooth, even, fitting closely to head. Neck: Short, tapering, carried well back. Wings: Large, points carried low, but not to conceal hocks. Back: Short, tapering to tail. Tail: Full, well expanded. Carried at an angle of forty degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Full, round, carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff: Body, compact, tapering toward tail. Fluff, short. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, short; shanks, smooth, short, tapering. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. ROSE-COMB WHITE BANTAMS. D ixq italification .?. Feathers other than white in any part of plumage; shanks other than white. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: White. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Face: Bright red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Shanks and Toes: White, with pinkish tinge on back of shanks and between scales. Plumage : Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. ROSE-COMB BLACK BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Pure white in any part of plumage, extending over half an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white. Shanks other lhan black or very dark leaden-blue. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Black. Eyes: Brown. Comb and Face: Bright red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear lobes, white. Shanks and Toes: Black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout. BOOTED WHITE BANTAMS. Disqualification*. Feathers other than white in any part of plumage; absence of vulture- hocks; shanks not feathered down the outer sides, shanks other than white; outer toes not feathered; cocks weighing over 28 ounces; hens weighing over 24 ounces; cockerels weighing over 24 ounces; pullets weighing over 22 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 20 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Small, round, carried well back. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Full. Comb, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Comb, single, of medium size, firm and straight on head, evenly serrated. Wattles, broad, thin, well rounded. Ear-lobes, flat. Neck: Tapering, curved well back, with full, long hackle, descend- ing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, points carried a little low. Back: Short; saddle feathers, abundant, long. Tail: Full, well expanded, very upright; sickles, long, well curved; coverts, abundant, long. Breast: Full, round. Body and Fluff: Body, rather short and compact. Fluff, mod- erately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, well furnished with long, stiff feathers or vulture-hocks which almost touch the ground; shanks, long, heavily feathered on the outer sides. Toes, straight, outer toes heavily feathered to their extremities. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Small, round. Beak: Short, slightly curved. Eyes: Full. 261 262 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Comb: Single, small, firm and straight on head, evenly serrated. Wattles and Eah-Lobes: Wattles, small, well rounded. Ear- lobes, flat. Neck: Of medium length, tapering, carried well back. Wings: Large, points carried a little low. Back: Short. Tail: Full, well expanded, rather upright. Breast: Full, round. Body and Fluff: Body, rather short and compact. Fluff, moder- ately full. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, well furnished with long, stiff feathers or vulture-hocks; shanks, long, heavily feathered on outer sides. Toes, straight, outer toes heavily feathered to their extremities. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: White. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: White. Plumage: Pure white. BRAHMA BANTAMS. (Light and Dark.) Brahma Bantams, male and female, should conform in miniature fashion to the general outlines of the larger Brahmas. Stiff hock plumage is very objectionable. Disqualifications. Disqualifications for Brahma Bantams shall be the same as for larger Brahmas of the corresponding variety. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 oz. Hen 26 oz. Cockerel 20 oz. Pullet 24 oz. DISQUALIFYING WEIGHTS. Cock 34 oz. Hen 30 oz. Cockerel 30 oz. Pullet 28 oz. SHAPE AND COLOR, MALE AND FEMALE. The general shape and color of Brahma Bantams ahall conform to the description of the corresponding variety of the larger Brahmas. "<;:'. 204 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BUFF COCHIN BANTAM MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 265 BUFF COCHIN BANTAM FEMALE 266 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLACK COCHIN BANTAM MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 267 BLACK COCHIN BANTAM FEMALE COCHIN BANTAMS. The Cochin Bantam male should conform in miniature fashion to the general outlines of the larger Cochin. He should be broad, deep, plump, and well rounded, of bold and forward carriage, short in legs, head carried not much higher than tail. Plumage, long, loose and abundant, the more fluff plumage the better; stiff hock plumage is objectionable. The Cochin Bantam female should conform, in a feminine way, with the male. In general outlines she should be rather short, neat and well rounded, very profuse of feathering and short in leg. Stiff hock plumage is objectionable. Disqualifications. The disqualifications for all Cochin Bantams shall be the same as for larger Cochins of the corresponding variety, except as to hock plumage. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 oz. Hen '>(> oz. Cockerel 26 oz. Pullet 2i oz. DISQUALIFYING WEIGHTS. Cock 34 oz. Hen 3(1 oz. Cockerel 30 oz. Pullet 28 oz. SHAPE AND COLOR, MALE AND FEMALE. The general shape and color of all Cochin Bantams shall conform to the description of the corresponding variety of the larger Cochins. 268 JAPANESE BANTAMS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 26 oz. Hen 22 oz. Cockerel 22 oz. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF MALE. Head : Rather large and broad. Beak: Very strong, well curved. Eyes: Large. Comb: Single, large, firm and straight on head; evenly serrated, having five distinct points. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, large, pendent. Ear-lobes, large, smooth. Neck: Rather short, curving prominently backward, with abundant, hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, long, points decidedly drooping. Back: Very short; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Very large, somewhat expanded, carried in so erect a position as to almost come in contact with back of head; sickles, long, very upright, very slightly curved. Breast: Very full, round, carried prominently forward. Body and Fluff: Body, rather short, deep and compact. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium size, short; shanks, very short, smooth. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Rather large and broad. Beak: Strong, well curved. Eyes: Large. Comb: Single, large, firm and straight on head; evenly serrated, hav- ing five distinct points. Wattles and Eak-Lobes: Wattles, of medium size, well rounded. Ear-lobes of medium size, smooth. Neck: Short, well curved. Wings: Large, long, points decidedly drooping. Back: Short. 260 570 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Tail: Large, carried fairly upright. Breast: Full, round, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, rather short, deep and compact. Fluff, short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium size, short; shanks, very short, smooth. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Combs other than single; shanks other than yellow; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over L Z(i ounces; cockerels weighing over L 2<> ounces; pullets weighing over Hi ounces. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Head: White. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, AYattles a\d Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: While. Wings: Primaries, dark slate or black, edged with white; secondaries, dark slate or black, with wide edging of white on upper web, lower web white; coverts, white. The wing, when folded, shows white only. Back: White; saddle feathers, white. Tail: Black: sickles and coverts, black, edged with while. Breast: White. Body and Fluff: While. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white; shanks and toes, yellow. COLOR OF FEMALE. Head: White. Beak: Yeilow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Neck: White. Wings: Primaries, dark slate or black, edged with white; secondaries, dark slate or black with wide edging of white on upper web, lower web white; coverts, white. The wing when folded shows white only. Back: White. Tail: Black; coverts, white. Two top feathers edged with white. Breast: White. Body and Fluff: White. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white; shanks and toes, yellow. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 271 WHITE JAPANESE BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Combs other than single; feathers other than white in any part of plumage; shanks other than yellow; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 20 ounces; pullets weigh- ing over 24 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear- Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes : Yellow. Plumage: Pure white. BLACK JAPANESE BANTAMS. Disqualification s. Combs other than single; pure white in any part of plumage extending over half an inch, or two or more feathers tipped or edged with positive white; shanks other than yellow or yellowish-black; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 20 ounces; pullets weighing over 24 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Yellow, or yellow shaded with black. Eyes: Brown. Comb, Face, Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Yellow, or yellow shaded with black. Plumage; Surface, lustrous greenish-black throughout. AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAM MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 273 BLACK-TAILED JAPANESE BANTAM FEMALE POLISH BANTAMS. SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 4 Size 4 Condition , • -1 Comb 2 Head — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Crest — Shape 12, Color 8 20 Wattles and Ear-Lobes 4, Beard 4 8 Neck — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Wings — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 5, Color 5 10 Breast — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 3 . . : 6 100 STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 2(i oz. Hen ^2 oz. Cockerel 22 oz.. Pullet 20 oz. SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Large, with a considerable protuberance on top of skull. Beak: Rather long. Nostrils: Large, with crown elevated above ordinary curve of beak. Eyes: Large, full. Comb and Crest: Comb, Y-shaped, having two prongs of small size — the smaller the better — retreating into crest; natural absence of same not to be considered a defect. Crest, very large, thick, flowing, well fitted on crown of head, rising well in front so as not to obstruct the sight, and falling over on both sides and at rear in a regular, even mass, com- posed of feathers similar in shape and texture to those of hackle. Beard: In bearded varieties, thick, full, extending back to crest. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, thin, pendulous, well rounded on lower edges. Ear-lobes, small, even in surface, almond-shaped. Neck: Of medium length, slightly arched, with abundant hackle flowing well over shoulders. 274 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 275 Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Straight, wide across the shoulders, tapering to tail; saddle feathers, abundant. Tail: Large, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal; sickles and coverts, well curved, abundant. Breast: Round, deep, full, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, full, comparatively wide at shoulders, tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length and size; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Similar to that of the male, but smaller. Beak: Rather long. Nostrils: Large, with crown elevated above ordinary curve of beak. Eyes: Large, full, bright. Comb and Crest: Comb, V-shaped, having two prongs of small size — the smaller the better — retreating into crest, natural absence of same not to be considered a defect. Crest, very large, round, even on head. Beard: In bearded varieties, thick, full, extending back to crest. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, thin, small, well rounded on lower edges. Ear-lobes, small, even in surface, rounded on lower edges. Neck: Of medium length, tapering, with hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Large, well folded. Back: Straight, broadest at shoulders, tapering to tail. Tail: Large, broad, well expanded, carried at an angle of forty-five degrees from the horizontal. Breast: Round, full, prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, full, widest at shoulders, tapering from front to rear. Fluff, rather short. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length and size; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight. Shanks and toes free from feathers and down. 276 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BEARDED WHITE POLISH BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Combs other than V-shaped; shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from age; cocks weighing over 30 ounces; hens weighing over 26 ounces; cockerels weighing over 26 ounces; pullets weigh- ing over 24 ounces. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Slaty-blue. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Face: Bright red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, red. Ear-lobes, bluish- white. Shanks and Toes; Blue, or slaty- blue. Plumage: Web, fluff and quills of feathers in all sections, pure white. BUFF LACED POLISH BANTAMS. Disqualifications. Shanks other than blue or slaty-blue, except the natural fading from age. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF MALE. Beak: Slaty- blue. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Face: Bright red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Crest: Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Beard: Rich buff, laced with pale buff. Head : Rich buff, ticked with pale buff. Neck: Rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Wings: Wing bows, rich buff, laced with pale buff. Primaries, buff, the outer end having an edging of pale buff. Secondaries, rich buff, with a well-defined pale buff lacing. Coverts, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff, widest at ends, forming two well-defined wing-bars. Back : Rich buff, the end of each feather laced with pale buff. Saddle rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Tail: Buff. Sickles and coverts, buff, each feather laced with nale buff. ' Breast: Rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Body and Fluff: Body, rich buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Fluff, light buff. l STANDARD OF PERFECTION 277 Legs and Toes: Thighs, buff, laced with pale buff. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. COLOR OF FEMALE. Beak: Slaty-blue. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Face: Bright red. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, bright red. Ear-lobes, white. Crest: Buff, laced with pale buff. Beard : Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Neck: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Wings: Bows, buff, laced with pale buff. Primaries, buff. Sec- ondaries, buff, with a well-defined lacing of pale buff. Coverts, buff, laced with pale buff, the pale buff growing wider at extremity, forming two well-defined wing-bars. Back : Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Tail: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff, the pale buff being wider at outer end of feather. Breast: Buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Body and Fluff: Body, buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Fluff, light buff. Legs and Toes: Thighs, buff, each feather laced with pale buff. Shanks and toes, slaty-blue. NON-BEARDED POLISH BANTAMS. The same as the bearded varieties in every respect, including disquali- fications, shape and color, except that they have no beard. (See general disqualifications.) Class XI. MISCELLANEOUS. Breeds Varieties Silkies. White Sultans. White Frizzles Any Color 278 SILKIES. Silkies derive their name from the peculiar formation of the plumage, their feathers being webless and of a silky texture. This peculiarity lends attractiveness to the breed, as it is possessed by no other Standard fowl. Their general appearance, short, feathered legs, broad backs and profuse plumage, are suggestive of the Cochin. The length of the webless feathers is a particularly desirable feature. The contrast formed by the white plumage and purple face is noticeable on account of its singularity; in fact, the appearance of these birds presents, throughout, a series of contra- dictions to the generally-accepted laws which govern Standard-bred fowls. Disqualifications. Absence of crest or of fifth toe; feathers not truly silky; shanks not feathered down outer sides; vulture-hocks. (See general disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 4 Size 4 Condition 4 Head and Beak — Shape 3, Color 5 8 Eye — Shape 1, Color 2 3 Comb and Crest — Comb 5. Crest 10 15 Wattles and Ear- Lobes 6 Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color3 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — Shape 3, Color 3 Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Legs and Toes 8 Texture of Plumage : G 100 SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Short, round. Beak: Short, stout. Eyes: Large. Comb and Crest: Comb, nearly round, cushion covered with small 279 280 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION corrugations set prominently and firmly on the head; crest, soft and full, as upright as comb will permit, falling gracefully backward. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, of medium length; concave from without inward, nearly semi-circular. Ear-lobes, oval. Neck: Short, with very full hackle flowing well over shoulders. Wings: Small, carried low, the primaries and secondaries have a ragged, fringe-like appearance and the ends are fairly covered by the saddle hangers. Back: Broad, short; saddle, rising gradually from about the middle of back toward tail. Tail: Small, main feathers having a ragged, fringe-like appear- ance. Breast: Full. Body and Fluff: Body, broad, squarely formed. Fluff, full and abundant. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, well furnished with silkv fluff; shanks, short, feathered on outer sides with silky plumage. Toes, five on each foot, the outer toes feathered. Size: Cock should not weigh more than three pounds. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Small, short, round. Beak: Short, stout. Eyes: Large. Comb and Crest: Comb, similar to that of male, but verv small. Crest, small, globular, erect. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small. Ear-lobes, small and round. Neck: Short, with abundant hackle. Wings: Small, carried low; the primaries and secondaries have a ragged and fringe-like appearance and the ends are fairly covered by the saddle hangers. Back: Broad and short, rising in a concave sweep from middle back to a rounded cushion which extends to tail. Tail: Small, almost concealed by cushion and fluff; main tail feathers have a ragged, fringe-like appearance. Breast: Full. Body and Fluff: Body, broad, compact. Fluff, full, abundant. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, well furnished with silky fluff; shanks, short, feathered on outer sides with silky plumage. Toes, five on each foot, the outer toes feathered. Plumage: Soft, silky, webless. Size: Hens should not weigh more than two pounds. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 281 COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Blue. Eyes: Black. Comb and Face: Purple. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, purple. Ear-lobes, turquoise blue. Shanks and Toes: Leaden-blue. Plumage: White. SULTANS. They have, for their most attractive characteristics, the novel features of a full crest, muff and beard, with vulture-hocks and profuse shank and toe feathering. These peculiarities should be most prominent in their form and outlines. Disqualifications. Beak other than white or pale flesh color; large, red face; absence i if beard; absence of vulture-hocks; shanks not feathered down outer sides. (See general disqualifications.) SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 4 Size 4, Condition 4, Head — Shape 3, Color 3 Comb and Crest — Comb, 4, Crest 12 10 Wattles and Ear- Lobes 4, Beard 8 \$ Neck — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Wings — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Back — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Tail — Shape 4, Color 4 8 Breast — Shape 3, Color 3 G Body and Fluff — Shape 3, Color 3 <; Legs and Toes \ "Too SHAPE OF MALE. Head: Medium size. Beak: Short, well curved. NosTRir.s: Large. Eyes: Oval. Comb and Crest: Comb, very small, having two spikes V-shaped. Crest, large, globular and compact. Beard: Very full, joining whiskers and extending to crest. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Wattles, small, round. Ear-lobes, small, round, concealed by crest and whiskers. Neck: Short, arched, carried well back. 282 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 283 Wings: Rather large, carried low. Back: Rather long and straight. Tail: Large, full, abundantly furnished with sickles and coverts. Breast: Deep and prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, very square, deep, compact, carried low. Legs and Toes: Thighs, very short, well feathered, with long, full vulture-hocks; shanks, short, heavily feathered down outer sides. Toe3, five upon each foot, straight, the middle and outer toes well feathered. Size: Cocks should weigh fixe pounds. SHAPE OF FEMALE. Head: Medium size. Beak: Short, well curved. Nostrils: Large. Eyes: Oval. Comb and Crest: Comb, very small, having two spikes, V-shaped. Crest, large, globular and compact. Beard: Very full, joining whiskers and extending to crest. Wattles and Ear-Lobes : Matties, small, round. Ear-lobes, small, round, concealed by crest and whiskers. Neck: Short, arched, carried well back. Wings: Large, carried low. Back: Long and straight. Tail: Large, well expanded, rather erect. Breast: Deep and prominent. Body and Fluff: Body, very square, compact, carried low. Legs and Toes: Thighs, very short, well feathered, with long, full vulture-hocks; shanks, short, heavily feathered down outer sides. Toes, five upon each foot, straight, outer and middle toes well feathered. Size: Hens should weigh four pounds. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Beak: Slaty-blue. Eyes: Reddish-bay. Comb and Face: Comb, bright red. Face, bright red, but covered by whiskers and almost invisible. Wattles and Ear-Lobes: Bright red. Shanks and Toes: Slaty-blue. Plumage : Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all sections, pure white. FRIZZLES. Disqualifications. Combs other than single; not matching in combs, in color of legs or in color of plumage when shown in pairs, trios or pens; wry tails; more than four toes. (See general disqualifications.) NO SCALE OF POINTS. MALE AND FEMALE. The feathers show a tendency to curve backward or upward at the ends, this curving at the ends being most noticeable in the hackle and saddle feathers, but the more all of the feathers are curved the better. Feathers curving upward on neck and back of head, after the style of the hood in hooded pigeons, to be encouraged. Color: Solid; black, white, red and bay admissible, provided the birds match when shown in pairs, trios and pens. Comb: Single. 28-t Class XII. TURKEYS. Turkeys. Varieties Bronze Narragansett White { Black Buff Slate Bourbon SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 4 Weight 1.5 Condition 4 Head 5 Throat Wattle 5 Neck — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Wings — Shape 4, Color 8 12 Back — Shape 4, Color 6 10 Tail — Shape 4, Color 8 12 Breast — Shape 6, Color 5 11 Body and Fluff — Shape 6, Color .5 11 Legs and Toes — Shape 3, Color 2 £ loo 286 TURKEYS. The turkey male should be large in frame and deep in body, with a broad, round, full breast that varies in prominence according to the variety and gives the fowl a stately and majestic appearance. The head should be of good size, and the eyes possess an alert and bold expression. The legs and shanks must be large, straight, and well set. The outlines of all sections should be in perfect harmony. The turkey female should be large in frame and deep in body, with a broad, round, full breast, being similar in all sections to the male, except finer in structure. She, too, is stately in appearance. The head should be of good size, with a bright, watchful eye; the legs and shanks large, straight and well set, the outlines of each section conforming to those of the male, except in size. SHAPE OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Long, broad, earunculated. Beak: Strong, curved, well set in head. Eyes: Bright, clear. Throat Wattle: Heavily earunculated. Neck: Long, curving backward toward tail. Beard: Long, bristly, prominent. Wings: Large, powerful, smoothly folded, carried well up on sides. Back : Broad, somewhat curving, rising from neck and descending in graceful curve to tail. Tail: Rather long. Breast: Broad, deep, full, well rounded. Body: Long, deep through the middle, finely rounded. Legs and Toes: Thighs, long, stout; shanks, large, long, strong. Toes, straight, strong, 2S(! STANDARD OF PERFECTION 287 BRONZE TURKEYS. Disqualifications. White feathers in any part of plumage; wings showing one or more primary or secondary feathers clear black or brown, or absence of white or gray bars more than one-half the length of primaries; color of back, tail or tail-coverts clear black, brown or gray; crooked back; decidedly wry tail; adult cocks weighing less than 30 pounds; yearling cocks weighing less than 25 pounds; cockerels weighing less than 18 pounds; hens weighing less than 1-1 pounds; pullets weighing less than 10 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) Note. The following defects should be cut severely. Absence of one or more primary or secondary wing feathers. Absence of one or more center main tail feathers ; white or gray bars other than the terminating wide edging of white, showing on main tail feathers be- yond coverts ; absence of black bands on one or more of the large main tail coverts ; decidedly wry wings ; decidedly crooked breast bone. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Cock 36 lbs. Cockerel 25 lbs. Yearling Cock 33 lbs. Hen 20 lbs. Pullet 16 lbs. When two specimens are both over Standard weight and equal in all other points, the one nearest Standard weight shall win. COLOR OF MALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Light horn at tip, dark at base. Eyes: Dark brown. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Necit: Light, rich, brilliant bronze. Beard: Black. Wings: Bows, light, rich, brilliant bronze ending in a narrow band of black; primaries, each feather evenly and distinctly barred straight across with parallel bars of black and white throughout the length of feather; secondaries, dull black, evenly and regularly barred across with parallel bars of white, the more distinct the better, the color changing to a bronze brown as the middle of back is approached, and the white bars become less distinct, an edging of brown in secondaries being very objec- tionable; coverts, a beautiful, rich bronze, forming a beautiful, broad, bronze band across wings when folded, feathers terminate in a wide black band forming a glossv, ribbon-like mark which separates them from pri- maries and secondaries. Flight coverts, barred similar to primaries. AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BRONZE TURKEY MALE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 289 BRONZE TURKEY FEMALE 290 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Back: From neck to middle of back, a light, rich, brilliant bronze, each feather terminating in a very narrow, black band extending across end; from middle of back to tail-coverts, black, each feather having a brilliant bronze band extending across it near the end. Tail: Dull black, each feather evenly and distinctly marked trans- versely with parallel lines of brown, each feather having a wide, black band extending across it near the end (the more bronze on this band the better), and terminating in a wide edging of white. Coverts, dull black, each feather evenly and distinctly marked transversely with parallel lines of brown, each feather having a wide, black and bronze band extending across it near the end, and terminating in a wide edging of white, the few larger coverts extending well out on tail, having little bronze on them. The more distinct the colors throughout She whole plumage, the better. Breast: Light, rich, brilliant bronze, feathers on lower part of breast, approaching the body, terminate in a black band extending across the end. Body and Fluff: Body, black, beautifully shaded with bronze, but not so decided nor so rich as breast. Fluff, black, each feather having a wide, brilliant bronze band extending across it near the end and ter- minating in a narrow edging of white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, similar to breast, but less brilliant in shade; shanks and toes, in mature birds, pinkish; in young birds, dark, approach- ing black. COLOR OF FEMALE. Plumage, similar to that of male, except an edging of white on feathers of back, wing-bows, wing-coverts, breast and body, which edging should be narrow in front, gradually widening as it approaches the rear. Beak, eyes, throat wattle, legs and toes same as male. NARRAGANSETT TURKEYS. Disqualifications. Buff or slate-colored feathers in any part of plumage; crooked back; decidedly wry tail; cocks weighing less than 22 pounds; hens weighing less than 14 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 20 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. Yearling Cock 25 lbs. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 291 COLOR OF MALE. Head : Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Light horn. Eyes: Brown. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Neck: Upper part, black, each feather ending in a broad, steel-gray band. Lower part, black, each feather ending in a broad, steel-gray band, edged with black, the edging of black increasing as the body is approached. Beard: Black. Wings: Bows, metallic black, each feather ending with a band of steel-gray, edged with metallic black; primaries, each feather evenly and distinctly barred across with parallel bars of black and white; secondaries, marked similar to those of primaries, but less distinct and approaching a light gray; coverts, inside web, black or dark brown; outside web, a light steel-gray, approaching white, terminating in a metallic black band, form- ing a wide, steel-gray band across the wing when folded. Back: Rich, metallic black; saddle, black, each feather ending in a broad, steel-gray band, approaching white; the light band increasing as the tail-coverts are approached. Tail: Dull black, each feather regularly penciled with parallel lines of light brown, ending in a broad band of metallic black, edged with steel- gray, approaching white; coverts, dull black, each feather regularly penciled with parallel lines of light brown, ending in a band of metallic black, with a wide edging of light steel-gray approaching white. Breast: Metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light, steel- gray band, edged with black. Body and Fluff: Body, metallic black, each feather ending in a broad, light, steel-gray band, edged with black. Legs and Toes : Thighs, rich metallic black, each feather ending in a light, steel-gray band, edged with black; shanks and toes, deep salmon. COLOR OF FEMALE. Plumage: Similar to that of male, except back shall be metallic black, each feather ending in a broad band of light steel-gray approaching white; the color of the other sections being not so distinct as in the male, and the feathers terminating in an edging of lighter gray, approaching white. 292 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS. Disqualifications. Feathers other than white in any part of plumage; crooked back; decidedly wry tail; color of legs other than white or pinkish- white; cocks weighing less than 20 pounds; hens weighing less than 12 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 28 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 20 lbs. Pullet l-l lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Pinkish, or flesh. Eyes: Dark brown. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Shanks and Toes: White, or pinkish- white. Plumage: Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all sections, pure white, except beard in male, which is deep black. BLACK TURKEYS. Disqualifications. Feathers other than black in any part of plumage; crooked back; decidedly wry tail; cocks weighing less than 20 pounds; hens weighing less than 12 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Dark horn, or slaty-black. Eyes: Dark brown. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Shanks and Toes: Dark lead, or slaty-black. Plumage: Surface, lustrous, greenish-black throughout. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 293 BUFF TURKEYS. Disq ualifica t ions. Crooked back; decidedly wry tail; cocks weighing less than 18 pounds; hens weighing less than 12 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish-white. Beak: Bluish- white. Eyes: Dark hazel. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Shanks and Toes: Bluish- white, or flesh-color. Plumage: Pure buff, the wings being of a very light shade. SLATE TURKEYS. Disqualifications. Feathers other than slaty or ashy-blue (which may be dotted with black) in any part of plumage: crooked back; decidedly wry tail; cocks weighing less than 18 pounds; hens weighing less than 12 pounds. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 27 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 18 lbs. Pullet 12 lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Light blue, dark blue, or horn. Eyes: Dark hazel. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Shanks and Toes: Light, or dark blue. Plumage: Slaty, or ashy-blue, sometimes dotted with black, but the freer from dotting the better. 294 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION BOURBON RED TURKEYS. From the most available authority to be found, the Bourbon Red Turkeys are an early native of Bourbon County, Kentucky, and are bred up from what, in early days, was called the Wild Yellow Turkey. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Cock 30 lbs. Hen 18 lbs. Cockerel 22 lbs. Pullet 14 lbs. COLOR OF MALE AND FEMALE. Head: Rich red, changeable to bluish- white. Beak: Light horn at the tip, darker at the base. Eyes: Dark brown. Throat Wattle: Rich red, changeable to bluish-white. Neck: Deep brownish- red. Wings: Bows, deep brownish-red; primaries and secondaries, white. Back: Deep brownish-red. Tail: White. Breast: Deep brownish-red. Body and Fluff: Body, deep brownish-red; fluff, brownish red. Legs and Toes: Thighs, deep brownish-red. Shanks and toes, reddish-pink. Class XIII. DUCKS. Breeds Varieties Pekin White Aylesbury White Rouen Colored Cayuga Black Call (Gray 1 White East India Black Crested White Muscovy I Colored ( White Indian Runner Swedish Blue SCALE OF POINTS FOR ALL DUCKS EXCEPT INDIAN RUNNER AND CRESTED WHITE. Symmetry 5 Weight* 18 Condition Head 4 Beak 4 Eyes 4 Neck 5 Wings 3 Back VI Tail 3 Breast 1-* Body I 5 Legs and Toes _• \ 100 *For weight, read, " sinallness of size" in applying the scale to Call and East Indian Ducks. 295 DUCKS. The most popular ducks are those whose size gives them a marketable value as table poultry. The male and female Pekin, Aylesbury, Rouen and Cayuga Ducks should be large, long and broad in body, full in breast, with deep, well-set keels and all sections finely rounded, giving them a finished, plump appearance. The nearer they are bred to Standard weights the better. The head should be large, the bill broad and long on upper line, and the eyes bright. The neck should be of good length and well arched. The body of White and Colored Muscovys should be long, broad and deep; the tail of good length, carried nearly horizontal; wings, large, long and powerful; shanks and feet short and large; head of good size, the top covered with crest-like feathers which are elevated under excitement. The sides of face should be covered with caruncles — the larger the better. The male in both varieties is fully one-third larger than the female. East India and Call Ducks — • the bantams of the duck family — should be small in size, both male and female — the smaller the better. The body should be short, well rounded and carried nearly horizontal. The head is small, the bill short and concave, and the neck short and slender. The Crested Whites have the general characteristics of the Pekins, except that they possess crests and are one pound lighter in weight. PEKIN DUCKS. Disqualifications. Bill or bean of drake marked with black; feathers other than white or creamy white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; de- cidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake !) lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 297 SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Long, finely formed. Bill: Of medium size, slightly convex between juncture with head and extremity of bill. Eyes: Large, deep set. Neck: In drake, rather long and large; in duck, of medium length; in both, carried well forward, arched. Wings: Short, carried closely and smoothly against sides. Back: Long, broad, with slightly concave sweep from shoulder to tail. Tail: Rather erect, the curled feathers of drake being hard and stiff. Breast: Broad, deep, prominent. Body: Long, broad, carried just clear of ground. Legs and Toes: Thighs and shanks, short, large, set well back. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body : Elevated in front, sloping downward toward rear. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Orange-yellow, free from black. Eyes: Deep leaden-blue. Shanks and Toes: Reddish-orange. Plumage: Creamy white. AYLESBURY DUCKS. Disqualifications. Bill or bean of drake marked with black; feathers other than pure white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 9 lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Large, long, finely formed. Bill: Long, broad; outline nearly straight from top of head to tip of bill. Eyes: Full, deep set. Neck: Long, moderately thick, slightly curved. Wings: Strong, carried closely and smoothly against sides. Back: Long, broad, straight on top. 298 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION PEKIN DRAKE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 299 PEKIN DUCK 300 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Tail: Only slightly elevated; composed of stiff, hard feathers; sex feathers of drake, hard, well curled. Breast: Deep, prominent. Body: Long, deep, broad; keel, straight. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout; shanks, stout, strong. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body: Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Pale flesh-color, free from black or dark marks. Eyes: Deep leaden. Shanks and Toes: Bright, light orange. Plumage: Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all sections, pure white. ROUEN DUCKS. D isqualifications. Bills clear yellow, dark green, blue or lead color; any approach to white ring on neck of duck; white in primaries or secondaries: twisted wing; crooked back, decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 9 lbs. Adult Duck 8 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck 7 lbs. SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Full and round. Bill: Long, broad, wider at extremity than at base; top slightly depressed from crown of head to tip of bill. Eyes: Bold, bright. Neck: Long, tapering, curved, erect. Wings: Short, carried smoothly against sides. Back: Long, broad, slightly arched. Tail: Only slightly elevated; composed of hard, stiff feathers; sex feathers, hard, well curled. Breast - Broad, deep. Body - Long, deep, broad; keel, long, straight. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, large; shanks, short, large. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage op Body: Nearly horizontal. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 301 COLOR OF DRAKE. Head: Rich, lustrous green. Bill: Greenish-yellow, without any other shade, except black bean at tip. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck: Rich, lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on the lower part, not quite meeting at back. Wings: Flights, slaty-black and brown, free from white; coverts, pale, clear gray; small coverts, gray, clearly penciled; pinion coverts, dark gray to slaty-black; bars formed by a line of white in center of small coverts which should be gray tipped with black, coming to a line at base of flight coverts which should be slaty-black above the quill, and a rich, iridescent blue below, tipped with white at end of lower side, making two distinct white bars (the pinion bar being edged with black), with a distinct blue, ribbon-like mark between them. Back: Upper part, ashy-gray, mixed with green, becoming a rich lustrous green on lower part of rump; shoulders, gray, finely streaked with wavy brown lines. Tail: Dark, ashy-brown, outer web in old birds edged with white; coverts, black, showing very rich, purple reflections; tail well supplied on under side with solid, beetle-green feathers. Breast : Very rich purplish-brown or claret, extending well down on breast and free from any other color. Body: Under part, steel-gray; sides, steel-gray, very finely penciled across the feathers with glossy black, growing lighter near the vent and ending in solid greenish-black, forming a distinct line of separation between the two colors. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, ashy-gray; shanks and toes, orange, with brownish tinge. COLOR OF DUCK. Head : Deep brown, with two light tan stripes on each side, running from bill to point behind eyes. Bill: Brownish-orange, with dark blue blotch on upper part and black bean at tip. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck: Golden brown, penciled with dark lustrous brown, free from any appearance of a white ring. Wings: Flat of wing, light brown, with distinct pencilings of rich, greenish-brown; wing-bar, rich, brilliant purple, each end of bar banded with white; secondaries, dark brown, with distinct pencilings that conform to shape of feather. ,,.,.., .,. . Back: Rich, golden brown, richly marked with wide pencilings of MH AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION ROUEN DRAKE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 303 ROUEN DUCK :SO-t AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION greenish-black; shoulder coverts, dark brown with distinct pencihngs of light brown that conform to shape of feather. Tail: Golden brown, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish-brown; coverts, brown, with broad, distinct and regular pencilings of greenish-brown. Breast: Rich, golden brown, with distinct wide pencilings of light brown that conform to shape of feather. Body: Under part, light brown, each feather distinctly penciled with rich, dark brown, to point of tail; sides, dark brown, with distinct pencilings of light brown that conform to shape of feather. Legs and Toes: Thighs, dark brown, distinclly penciled; shanks and toes, orange or orange-brown. CAYUGA DUCKS. Dixqualificatimtx. White in any pari of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 8 lbs. Adult Duck ? lbs. Young Drake 7 11 is. Young I hick b' lbs. SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Long, finely formed. Bill: Long, top line slightly depressed. Eyes: Full'. Neck: Of medium length, slightly arched. Wixgs: Short, folded closely and smoothly against sides. Back: Long, broad. Tail: Only slightly elevated; composed of hard, stiff feathers; sex feathers of drake, hard, well curled. Breast: Broad, full, prominenl. Body: Long, deep, broad. Feus and Toes: Thighs, short, large; shanks, of medium length and size. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage oe Body: Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Black. Eyes: Dark brown. Shanks and Toes: Dark slate or black, the latter preferred. Plumage: Lustrous greenish-black throughout, except primaries of duck, which are sometimes dark brown. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 305 CALL DUCKS. SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Small, slender. Bill: Short, trim. Eyes: Of medium size, bright. Neck: Of medium length. AVings: Neat, closely folded. Back: Comparatively short. Tail: Only slightly elevated; composed of hard, stiff feathers; sex feathers of drake, well curled. Breast: Round, full. Body: Short, compact, small — the smaller the better. Legs axd Toes: Thighs, short, plump; shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body: Nearly horizontal, possessing a startled and gamy appearance. GRAY CALL DUCKS. Disqualifications. Any approach to white ring on neck of duck; white primaries in either sex; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF DRAKE. Head: Rich, lustrous green. Bill: Greenish-yellow. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck: Lustrous green, with a distinct white ring on lower part, not quite meeting at back. Wings: Grayish-brown, mixed with green, with broad, ribbon-like mark of rich purple — showing metallic reflections of green and blue — edged with white, the two colors quite distinct; primaries, dark dusky brown. Back: Ashy-gray, mixed with green on upper part; on lower part and rump, rich, lustrous green. Tail: Dark ashy-brown; outer web in old birds edged with white; tail-coverts, black, showing very rich purple reflections. Breast: Rich purplish-brown or claret, extending well down on breast and free from any other color. Body: Under part and sides, steel-gray, growing lighter near vent and ending in solid, beetle-green black, forming distinct line of separation between the two colors. 306 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Legs and Toes: Thighs, ashy-gray; shanks and toes, orange, with a brownish tinge. COLOR OF DUCK. Head: Deep brown, with two light tan stripes on each side, running from bill behind eyes. Bill: Brownish-orange. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck: Light brown, penciled with dark, lustrous brown, free from any appearance of a white ring. Wings: Light brown, mixed with green, with broad, ribbon-Jike bars of rich purple across them, edged with white, the two colors distinct; primaries, brown. Back: Light brown, richly marked with green. Tail: Light brown, with distinct, broad, wavy penciling of dark greenish-brown : tail-coverts, brown, with broad, distinct and regular pen- ciling of dark brown or greenish-brown. Breast: Dark brown, richly penciled with lighter brown. Body: Under part and sides, light brown, each feather distinctly pen- ciled with rich, dark brown to point of tail. Legs and Toes: Thighs, dark brown, distinctly penciled; shanks and toes, orange, or orange-brown. WHITE CALL DUCKS. Disqualifications. Bill or bean of drake marked with black; feathers other than white nr creamy white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; de- cidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Bright yellow. Eyes: Blue. Shanks and Toes: Bright orange. Plumage : Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all sections, pure white. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 307 BLACK EAST INDIA DUCKS. Disqualifications. White in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Short, slender. Bill: Rather short. Eyes: Of medium size. Neck: Short, nicely arched. Wings: Long, well folded. Back: Of medium width, rather long. Tail: Slightly elevated, composed of short, stiff feathers; sex feathers of drake, well curled. Breast: Full, plump. Body: Long, comparatively small — the smaller the better. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, plump; shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by web. Caehiage of Body: Nearly horizontal, possessing a gamy appear- ance. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Drake, very dark green; duck, black. Eyes : Dark brown. Shanks and Toes: Black. Plumage : Rich black, with brilliant, greenish tint. CRESTED WHITE DUCKS. Disqualifications. Absence of crest; bill of drake marked with black; feathers other than white or creamy white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back: decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 7 lbs. Adult Duck lbs. Young Drake 6 lbs. Young Duck ~> lbs. 308 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetry 5 Weight ■ 12 Condition 10 Head 4, Beak -t, Size 4 13 Crest !•' Neck 8 Wings 1! Back 13 Tail 1 Breast 13 Body 5 Legs and Toes 3 100 SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Of medium size. Bill: Of medium size. Eyes: Large, bright. Crest: Large, well balanced on crown of head. Neck: Rather long, slightly arched. Wings: Of medium length, smoothly folded. Back: Of medium length and width. Tail: Only slightly elevated; composed of hard, stiff feathers; sex feathers of drake, well curled. Breast: Prominent, full. Body: Of medium length, plump. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, plump; shanks, short. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body: Nearly horizontal. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Yellow. Eyes: Blue. Shanks and Toes: Light orange. Plumage: Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all .sections, pure white. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 309 MUSCOVY DUCKS. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 10 lbs. Adult Duck 7 lbs. Young Drake 8 lbs. Young Duck (i lbs. SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Rather long; in drake, large, the top covered with long, crest- like feathers, wliich are elevated or depressed by the bird when it becomes excited or alarmed; sides of head and face covered with caruncles — the larger the better. Bill: Rather short, of medium width. Eyes : Of medium size, having slightly over-arched socket. Neck: Of medium length, well arched. Wings: Very long, stout. Back: Long, broad, somewhat flat. Tail: Rather long, with abundance of stiff plumage. Breast: Broad, full. Body: Long, broad. Legs and Toes: Thighs, very short, large; shanks, short, large. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body: Nearly horizontal. COLORED MUSCOVY DUCKS. Disqual ificationx . Plumage more than one-half white; twisted wing; crooked back; de- cidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Glossy black and white. Bill: Pink, shaded with horn. Eyes: Brown. Face: Caruncles, red. Neck: Black, or black and white, black predominating. Wings: Coverts, rich, lustrous greenish-black. Back: Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white feathers. Tail: Black. Breast and Body: Lustrous blue-black, sometimes broken with white; the blacker the plumage the better. Legs and Toes: Thighs, white or black, white preferred; shanks and toes, varying from yellow to dark lead. 310 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE MUSCOVY DUCKS. J) ixqtialifirationx. Smooth heads; feathers other than pure white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disquali- fications.) COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Bill: Pinkish flesh-color. Kyios: Blue. Face: Caruncles, red. Shanks and Toes: Pale orange or yellow. Pijmage: Web, quill and fluff of feathers in all sections, pure white. INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS. Disqualifications. Claret breast; blue wing-bars; absence of two or more primaries or secondaries; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Drake U lbs. Duck 1 lbs. SCALE OF POINTS. Carriage 20 Weight j Condition (i Head — Shape 4, Color 3 ... 7 Beak — Shape 3, Color 2 ,"i Eyes 3 Neck — Shape 8, Color 4 12 Wings — Shape 3, Color 3 6 Back — Shape 7, Color 3 10 Tail — Shape 2, Color 2 ... 4 Breast — Shape 7, Color 3 10 Body — Shape !>, Color 3 . . . . 8 Legs and Toes — Shape 2, Color 2 . 4 100 STANDARD OF PERFECTION 311 SHAPE OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head : Long, flat, finely formed. Bill: Strong at base, fairly broad and long, extending down from the skull in a straight line, giving it the appearance of a long wedge. Eyes: Set high in head. Neck: Long, thin. Wings: Of medium length, carried closely to body. Back: Long, narrow. Tail: Composed of hard, stiff feathers; sex feathers of drake, hard, well curled. Breast: Full, but not rounded, showing but little suggestion of keel. Carried well up. Body: Long, narrow, racy-looking, carried erectly, with no indication of keel, resembling the penguin in form; Legs and Toes: Legs, of medium length, sit well apart. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body : Very erect. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Fawn and white, the fawn in head of drake darker than in other parts of the body. A narrow line of white divides the cap from th,~ cheek markings behind the eyes, and a line of white about one-eighth of an inch wide divides the base of + he bill from the head markings. Bill: Drake, yellow, when young; greenish-yfilow when fully de- veloped. Duck, yellow, spotted with green when young, a dull cucumber- green when fully matured, with black bean in both drake and duck. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck: White, from head to where breast markings begin, which should be about one and one-half to two inches above base of neck. Wings : Shoulder, and top part of wings, same as breast. Primaries and secondaries, white. The white of the primaries and secondaries should extend up the lower edge of the wings to a point a little above the white of the lower part of the body, forming an inverted V-shaped marking on each side of the body. The fawn on the shoulder, top part of wings, when the wings are folded, comes to a point on the lower part of the back, forming a heart shape, like a heart pressed flat on the back. Back: Even fawn throughout. Tail: Drake, bronze-green; duck, light fawn. Breast: Fawn and white, divided about half way between point of breast-bone and legs; upper half, fawn, lower part, white. Body and Fluff: White, except an indistinct line of color which runs from base of tail to thigh. Shanks and Toes : Orange red. 312 AMERICAS POULTRY ASSOCIATIOS INDIAN RUNNER DRAKE STANDARD OF PERFECTION 313 INDIAN RUNNER DUCK 314 AMFJUCAX POULTRY ASSOCIATION BLUE SWEDISH DUCKS. Disqualifications. Yellow bills; absence of white in breast ; feathers of any other color than blue forming more than one-fourth of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Drake 8 lbs. Adult Duck 7 lbs. Young Drake <>J lbs. Young Duck 5} lbs. SHArE OF DRAKK AND 1)1 (K. Head: Long, finely formed. Bill: Of medium size, nearly straight in outline when viewed side- wise. Eyes: Full, bright. Neck: Long, slightly arched. Wings: Short, carried closely. Back: Long, broad, with slight concave sweep from shoulders to tail. Tail: Slightly elevated; curled feathers in tail of drake. Breast: Full, deep. Body: Broad, of medium length, rangy. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout; shanks, stout. Toes, straight, connected by web. Carriage of Body - : Nearly horizontal; somewhat elevated in front. COLOR OF DRAKE AND DUCK. Head: Drake, dark blue, sometimes approaching black, with a green sheen. Duck, same as general body color. Bill: Drake, greenish-blue. Duck, smutty brown, with .i dark brown blotch, similar to Rouen Duck blotch, only larger. Eyes: Dark brown. Wings: Two main flight feathers, pure white; balance of wing uniform with general plumage. Breast: Front p;irt, called the bill, covered wilh pure white feathers, forming heart-shaped spot about three by four inches in size, often ex- tending upward to lower mandible. Shanks and Toes: Reddish-brown to grayish-black, the former preferred. Plumage: Uniform steel-blue throughout, except as noted above. Class XIV. GEESE. Bretds Vtiriclics Toulouse Gray Embdex ; White African Gray Chinese jj*™ wn ( White Wild or Caxafhax Grav Egyptian Colored 315 GEESE. The male of the Toulouse, Embden and African varieties — the heavy weights of the goose family — should be broad and flat in back, with deep, round, full breast and long body, these features giving the bird a massive appearance. The head should be large, the neck of good length and slightly arched, and the bird well balanced in carriage. The female should resemble the male, except that she is somewhat less massive. Chinese Geese are an ornamental variety of medium size, with long, arched necks, carried very upright, and having a large knob at base of the beak. In body, they are short and upright, the general effect being novel and striking. Wild or Canadian Geese, now domesticated, are seen most frequently in public parks. They are of medium size, with long, arched, snake-like necks, and have small heads, carried well elevated, which give them a bold and defiant appearance. In Egyptian Geese the sexes are nearly alike in color, shape and gen- eral appearance. They are decidedly odd members of the goose family, being very different in most respects from the other Standard varieties of geese. Some writers have gone so far as to separate them from the goose tribe. Striking characteristics are their small size and pugnacious dis- position. SCALE OF POINTS. Symmetr}' 8 Weight h>() Condition 8 Head 10 Neck 7 Wings 7 Back ]0 Tail . ;; Breast \o Body 12 Legs and Toes 3 100 316 STAXDARD OF PERFECT IOX 317 TOULOUSE GEESE. D isqualificai ions. White feathers in primaries or secondaries; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STAXDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander '2.5 lbs. Adult Goose 20 lb-. Young Gander 2o lbs. Young Goose 16 lbs. SHAPE OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Rather large, short. Bill: Comparatively short, stout at base. Eyes: Large, full. Neck: Of medium length, carried rather erect; dewlap very desirable in aged fowls. Wixgs : Large, strong, smoothly folded against sides. Back: Of moderate length, broad, curving slightly from neck to tail. Tail: Comparatively short; feathers, hard, stiff. Breast: Broad, deep. Bodt: Of good length, broad, very deep, compact, in fat specimens almost touching the ground. Keel deep with straight line from breast to abdomen; stern, almost square. Legs axd Toes : Thighs and shanks, short, stout. Toes, straight, connected by web. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Gray. Bill: Pale orange. Eyes: Dark brown or hazel. Neck: Dark blue-gray, shading to lighter gray as it approaches the back. Wings: Primaries, dark gray or brown; secondaries, darker than pri- maries, with very narrow edging of lighter gray; coverts and flat of wing, dark gray, with very narrow edging of lighter gray. Back: Dark gray. Tail: Gray and white, the ends tipped with white. Breast: Light gray, edged with white. Body: Underneath, light gray, growing lighter until it becomes almost white upon abdomen, the white extending back to and around tail; sides, light gray, becoming dark blue-gray over thighs, edged with lighter gray; .".18 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION TOULOUSE GANDER STAXDARD OF PERFECTIOX 319 TOULOUSE GOOSE 320 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION white covering all lower posterior parts; from front view very little white visible. Legs and Toes: Thighs, light gray; shanks and toes, deep reddish- orange. EMBDEN GEESE. Disqualifications. Feathers other than pure white in any part of plumage; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 18 lbs. Young Goose 16 lbs. SHAPE OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Rather large. Bill: Of medium length and size, stout at base. Eyes: Large. Neck: Rather long, carried quite upright. Wings: Large, well rounded, strong, smoothly folded against sides. Back: Long and straight. Tail: Comparatively short; feathers, hard, stiff. Breast: Round, deep, full, without keel. Body: Large, square, very deep, in fat specimens almost touching the ground; abdomen, full and deep. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, large; shanks, short, stout. Toes, straight, connected bv web. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Bill: Orange. Eyes: Bright blue. Shanks and Toes: Deep orange. Plumage: Pure white. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 321 AFRICAN GEESE. D isqualifications. Beak and knob other than black; absence of knob or dewlap; white feathers in primaries and secondaries; twisted wing; crooked back; de- cidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 20 lbs. Adult Goose 18 lbs. Young Gander 16 lbs. Young Goose 14 lbs. SHAPE OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Large, with large knob; heavy dewlap under throat, which in young birds is but slightly developed. Knob: Large. Bill: Rather large, stout at base. Eyes: Large. Neck: Long, curved; throat embellished with dewlap. Wings: Large, strong, smoothly folded against sides. Back: Broad, flat. Tail: Composed of stiff, hard feathers. Breast: Round, moderately full. Body: Large, long, carried rather upright. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by web. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Black or very dark gray. Knob: Black. Bill: Black. Eyes: Dark brown. Neck : Light gray, with a dark gray stripe down back of neck from head to body. Wings: Dark gray. Back: Dark gray. Tail: Dark gray. Breast: Gray. Body : Light gray on under parts. Legs and Toes: Thighs, light gray; shanks and toes, dark orange. 322 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION CHINESE GEESE. Disqualifications. Absence of knob; white feathers in primaries or secondaries; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general disqualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 12 lbs. Adult Goose. 10 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose. .......... 8 lbs. SHAPE OP GANDER AND GOOSE. Head : Of medium size, with large knob at base of bill. Knob: Large, thi. larger the better. Bill: Of medium length, stout at base. Eyes: Large, bright. Neck: Long, gracefully arched, carried very upright. AVixgs: Large, strong, smoothly folded against sides. Back: Of medium length and width, slightly arched from neck to tail. Tail: Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Breast: Round, full. Body: Rather short, round, plump. Legs and Toes: Thighs, short, stout; shanks, of medium length. Toes, straight, connected by web. BROWN CHINESE. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Brown. Knob: Dark brown or black. Bill: Black. Eyes: Hazel or brown. Neck: Light brown or grayish-brown, with a dull, yellowish-brown stripe down back of neck from head to body. Wings: Grayish-brown. Back: Dark brown. Tail: Grayish-brown. Breast - Grayish-brown. Body: Grayish-brown, lighter in shade on under parts. Legs and Toes: Thighs, grayish-brown; shanks and toes, dusky orange. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 323 WHITE CHINESE GEESE. D isq ualification s. Absence of knob; feathers other than pure white in any part of plum- age; twisted wing; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general dis- qualifications.) COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Knob: Orange. Bill: Orange. Eyes: Light blue. Shanks and Toes: Orange-yellow. Plumage : Pure white. WILD OR CANADIAN GEESE. Disqualifications. Twisted wing; the clipping of one wing to prevent flying is not to handicap specimen; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general dis- qualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 12 lbs. Adult Goose 10 lbs. Young Gander 10 lbs. Young Goose 8 lbs. SHAPE OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Rather small. Bill: Small, tapering toward point. Eyes: Prominent, sharp, bold. Neck: Long, slender, snaky in appearance. Wings: Long, large, powerful. Back: Long, rather narrow, arched from neck to tail. Tail: Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Breast: Full, deep. Body: Rather long, somewhat slender. Legs and Toes: Thighs, rather short; shanks, rather long. Toes, straight, of medium length, connected by web. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Black, with a white stripe nearly covering side of face. Bill: Black. Eyes: Black. Neck: Black, shading to light gray at base. 324 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION WHITE CHINESE GANDER STANDARD OF PERFECTION 325 WHITE CHINESE GOOSE 326 AMERICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION Wings: Dark gray; primaries, dusky black, showing only dark gray when wing is folded; secondaries, brown, lighter than primaries. Back: Dark gray. Tail: Glossy black. Breast : Light gray, growing darker as it approaches legs. Body: Under part of body, from legs to tail, white. Legs and Toes: Thighs, gray; shanks and toes, black. EGYPTIAN GEESE. Disqualifications. Twisted wing; the clipping of one wing to prevent flying is not to handicap specimen; crooked back; decidedly wry tail. (See general dis- qualifications.) STANDARD WEIGHTS. Adult Gander 10 lbs. Adult Goose 8 lbs. Young Gander 8 lbs. Young Goose 6 lbs. SHAPE OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Small, rather long. Bill: Of medium length and size. Eyes: Prominent, bold. Neck: Of medium length, rather small. Wings: Large; on wing-joints, in lieu of the ordinary hard knobs, there are strong, white, horny spurs, about five-eighths of an inch long. Back: Rather narrow, slightly arched from neck to tail. Tail: Composed of hard, stiff feathers. Breast: Round, not deep. Body: Rather long, somewhat small and slender. Legs and Toes: Thighs, of medium length, stout; shanks, rather long. Toes, straight, long, connected by web. COLOR OF GANDER AND GOOSE. Head: Black and gray, with chestnut patch around eyes. Bill: Purple or bluish- red. Eyes: Orange. Neck: Gray and black. Wings: Shoulders, while with narrow, black stripe or bar of rich metallic luster; primaries and secondaries, glossy black. Back: Gray and black. STANDARD OF PERFECTION 327 Tail: Glossy black. Breast: Center, chestnut, remainder, gray. Body: Gray and black on upper parts; under parts, pale buff or yellow, distinctly and regularly penciled with black lines. Legs and Toes: Thighs, pale buff; shanks and toes, reddish-yellow. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE XI. Xew Breeds axd Varieties. Section 1. Before a new breed or variety can be admitted to The American Standard of Perfection it must comply with the following requirements, to wit: (a) It must be able to produce fifty per cent of the specimens reason- ably true to the type and characteristics of the breed or variety, as set forth in the proposed Standard, and must have been exhibited in at least two generations, both male and female, at "one show conducted under Ameri- can Poultry Association rules in each of three successive annual show sea- sons. A written statement by one or more poultry judges who are mem- bers of The American Poultry Association, and who officiated at these shows, setting forth the qualification for admission to the Standard, shall be furnished by said judge to the Secretary-Treasurer of The American Poultry Association, who shall forward a copy of the same to the exhibitor of the birds concerned." (b) If application is made for admission of a new breed, the breed must possess such new breed characteristics as to give it a very distinct character of its own, and if application is made for the admission of a new variety, the variety must truly possess all the type characteristics of the breed of which it is a variety. Extraordinary care shall be exercised to prevent multiplicity of varieties. Section l 2. A petition addressed to The American Poultry Asso ciation shall be presented. (a) This petition shall contain r„ description of the breed or variety seeking admission, together with all ascertainable facts regarding its origin and breeding, and a prayer for its admission. (6) Affidavits of not less than five breeders of the breed or variety shall be presented, containing statements of the percentage of specimens breeding reasonably true to type and characteristics of the breed or variety as above required. (c) The proposed standard for the breed or variety shall be presented at the same time with the petition, but may be amended by the petitioner or the association before the admission of the breed or variety. This standard shall be read at the meeting at which admission of the breed or variety is sought. (d) At least ninety (90) days prior to the meeting of the Association CONSTITUTION 329 at which admission to the Standard of Perfection is sought the papers re- quired in the application shall be filed with the Secretary-Treasurer, who shall give to all members of the Association sixty (60) days' notice of the pendency of such application. Section 3. If upon consideration of all the evidence, the Asso- ciation is satisfied that the breed or variety is worthy of recognition in the Standard of Perfection; that it has, in fact, the qualities and character- istics set forth in the application; that all claims and characteristics set forth in the application are justified, and that all requirements for its admission have been complied with, a majority vote of the members present and voting by written ballot shall admit the breed or variety to the Stand- ard of Perfection, BY-LAWS. ARTICLE IV. American Poultry Association's Poultry Show Rules. The following rules and regulations shall be printed on the back of each entry blank used by Branch and Associate Members of The American Poultry Association, or other clubs or societies whose exhibitions are to be held, and advertised to be held, under the poultry show rules of The American Poultry Association, and must be signed in ink by each exhib- itor whose entries are accepted: Section 1. Any person under disqualification by The American Poultry Association for fraudulent practices is ineligible to compete or judge at this show. Fraudulent practices shall be understood to include, among other dishonorable acts, the lending, borrowing or hiring of birds for exhibition in competition; also "faking" of any kind, as defined in the Glossary of Technical Terms in The American Standard of Perfection. Section 2. Every bird entered for competition must be the bona fide property of the exhibitor; otherwise all entries of the exhibitor shall be cancelled, he shall forfeit all entry fees, shall receive no prize money or other premium, and if ordered to do so, must remove his exhibit from the show room within forty-eight hours. In case of disqualification under this rule other exhibits may, at the discretion of the management, be moved up in the list of winners, subject to the disqualified exhibitor's right of appeal. Section 3. Any exhibitor at this show, if called upon to do so by the management, shall make affidavit that he is the bona fide owner of every bird entered by him for competition. Section 4. The judge or judges officiating at this show shall dis- qualify any exhibit found to contain a specimen entered for competition that is not the bona fide property of the exhibitor, or that has been faked. Section 5. This Association reserves the right to return entries, thus 330 BY-LAWS enabling the Secretary to exclude the exhibits of any disqualified person endeavoring to show under his own or another's name. In the event of it coming to the knowledge of the management that any disqualified person is exhibiting, his birds shall be debarred from competition, his entries can- celled, entry fees forfeited, and prize money and other premiums withheld. Section 6. Exhibitors must not interfere with, nor attempt in any manner to influence the judge or judges officiating at this show, on pen- alty of having their winnings protested by other exhibitors in the class. Section 7. The judges shall be required personally to place, or superintend the placing of all prize ribbons or prize cards on the coops of the winning specimens. Section 8. No bird shall be removed from the show until the close of the same without the written consent of the Secretary. Section 9. Any exhibitor who shall be disqualified at this show for fraudulent practices shall have the right of appeal to the Executive Board of The American Poultry Association, also to the next annual meeting of the Association; but meanwhile shall be temporarily disqualified from exhibiting at any show held under American Poultry Association rules, and it is understood that every exhibitor who signs this entry blank thereby agrees that his entries may be cancelled, and all entry fees, prize monevs and other premiums withheld by the management of this show, in the event of his being disqualified; provided that, if his appeal is sustained, all entry fees, prize moneys and other premiums shall be delivered to him; provided further, that his appeal must be made within one year of the date of the disqualification. Section* 10. Notice of disqualification with a detailed statement of facts, with such corroborative evidence as is procurable, shall be mailed within five days after the close of the show by the Secretary or some other officer of this Association to the Secretary-Treasurer of The American Poultry Association, and a complete copy of the notice of disqualification, and other papers or charges accompanying said notice shall be mailed at the same time to the exhibitor or judge disqualified. Section 11. In case of alleged fraudulent practice on the part of any "judge, exhibitor or other person, or of collusion, the aggrieved exhibitor shall have the right to protest in writing, on depositing the sum of five dollars with the secretary of the show, and said protest shall be passed upon forthwith by the management of the show, subject to an appeal by either party to the Executive Board of The American Poultry Association, and to the next annual meeting of the Association. In case the protest is sustained, the fee shall be refunded. Section 12. Any person may protest in writing for palpable dis- honesty or fraudulent practice of the judge in placing awards. Such pro- test must be handed to the secretary of the show, and a copy delivered or mailed to the judge and to the Chairman of the Executive Board of The BY-LAWS 331 American Poultry Association, before the close of the show, provided, that an appeal may be taken to the Executive Board, also to the Associa- tion as a whole. Section 13. No judge of poultry at this show shall exhibit in any class he is assigned to pass upon; should he do so, he shall be disqualified forthwith by the management on protest of any exhibitor or member of The American Poultry Association, and another judge shall be assigned to the class. Section 14. No exhibitor at this show shall receive a prize on any bird that has been owned by or in the possession of the judge assigned to the class within six months prior to the close of the entries. Section 15. The printed regulations or rules of this show, where they are not less stringent than, or where they do not conflict with, the fore- going, shall be binding on the exhibitors and judges and supplemental to The American Poultry Association rules. Section 16. Any exhibitor at this show who is not a member of The American Poultry Association, shall submit, and hereby agrees to submit, to the jurisdiction of The American Poultry Association, and shall be dealt with as though he were a member of the Association. Each exhibitor at this show shall sign the appended declaration, to-wit: "To Whom it May Concern: Be it known that for the purposes of this show I agree to be bound by the poultry show rules of The American Poultry Association, as above set forth. Exhibitor.' wm