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 ^^^iiiiiiiiii?,I'.S.9,ffi,..MS^., history in the li 
 
 3 1924 028 124 596 
 
THE EARL OF CRA.WFORD'S MS. HISTORY IN THE 
 LIBRARY" OF THE AMERICAN PHILO- 
 SOPHICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 BY JOSEPH jG. ROSENGARTEN. 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028124596 
 
THE EARL OF CRAWFORD'S MS. HISTORY IN THE 
 LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN PHILO- 
 SOPHICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 BY JOSEPH G. ROSENGARTEN. 
 {Bead December 18, 1903.) 
 
 In the Library of the American Philosophical Society there are 
 four folio MS. volumes, in old binding with clasps, but with noth- 
 ing on the Library records to show how they ever got there. 
 
 The ist volume is labeled " Account of Some Campaigns of the 
 British Army from 1689 to 1712, and Journal of a Campaign under 
 Prince Eugene on the Upper Rhine, and Miscellaneous Papers." 
 
 The zd and 3d volumes, " Journal of a Voyage from the Thames 
 to Russia, and of Campaigning with the Russian Army, 1738-9." 
 
 The 4th volume, " Journal of a Campaign with the Russian 
 Army against Turkey, 1739." 
 
 They are all in admirable condition, in uniform clerkly clear 
 handwriting, and with a large number of fine maps, executed by 
 Henry Kopp by order of the Earl of Crawford, and inscribed to 
 the King of England, Lord Loudoun and other noted persons high 
 in command in the British army. 
 
 The ist volume contains : 
 
 ist. "A Short Treatise of Fortification and Geometry," pp. 33. 
 
 2d. " A Method of Discipline proposed for the Behaviour of a 
 Regiment of Foot upon action," pp. 29. 
 
 3d. " An Account of the most remarkable Transactions which 
 happened in the Campaigns I made from the Year 1689 to the Con- 
 clusion of the Peace of Ryswick in 1697." It begins as follows : 
 " The Regiment I served in is very well known by the Title it 
 bears of the Royal Regiment of Foot in Ireland, from which Regt. 
 I may without Vanity say our British Infantry had the Ground- 
 work of their present Discipline." It describes Schomberg's Irish 
 campaign of 1689, pp. 12 j then the campaigns of 1694-5-6-7, 
 
 pp. 14- 
 
 Then, 4th, The Campaigns of 1702-12, pp. 63. 
 
 Then, 5 th, comes " A Journal and Remarkable Observations dur- 
 ing Three Campaigns made by a friend to the Trade of War, in 
 Three Volumes. Vol. First : Journal of a Campaign made with the 
 Imperial Army under the Command of Prince Eugene of Savoy on 
 
 Reprinted from Proceedings American Philosophical Society, Vol. xlii. No. ij^. 
 
2 EOSENGAETEN — EAEL OF CEAWFOED's MS. HISTORY. 
 
 the Upper Rhine in the Year 1735." It begins in London, May 24, 
 1735, pp. 87, and closes : "I shall conclude this Campaign with 
 the inserting a few usefull Papers I collected during the Operations 
 of it, and of the following (I dare venture to say) exact Plan of 
 the Country we march'd over." Then follow twelve well-executed 
 maps or plans giving the successive positions of the armies, the last 
 an elephant folio map of the Rhine from Coblenz to Carlsruhe. 
 
 6th. " The following March Root [sic'] ordered by Prince Eugene 
 .... I insert as a Model .... of a very difficult part of Duty 
 in the Trade of War," pp. 5. 
 
 7th. " Un detail exact et bien calculee [sic'] de ce que coutoit par 
 mois en 1681 la plus florissante marine que la France aie ene," pp. 8. 
 
 8th. " Un Traittes Touchant Les Conqugtes qu'on pourroit faire 
 en Amerique sur la Maison de Bourbon au cas que la Guerre 
 devienne generale et qui seuls peuvent retablir I'Equilibre de 
 r Europe," pp. 6. 
 
 9th. " Tabulated Lists of the French Army in 1735." 
 
 loth. "Reflexions sur les Evenemens de la Mosell6," pp. 2 
 [imperfect]. 
 
 nth. " Treaty and Cartell made and Concluded between His Im- 
 perial and Catholick Majesty on the one part, and his most Chris- 
 tian Majesty on the other, concerning their Prisoners of War in 
 their Armies on the Rhine, 1735," pp. 16. 
 
 1 2th. "The Troops in the Black Forest, Friburg and Brisac — 
 Specifications of the Imperial Regiments 1735. ^ List of the Im- 
 perial Regiments both Horse and Foot, the Names of the Comis- 
 sioned Officers, Comanders and Agents, together with the Num- 
 bers of men in each Compleat Regt., and the places where they are 
 now," pp. 24. On the fly leaves are a tailor's bill in German and 
 some heads of letters, etc. 
 
 The 2d and 3d volumes are labeled " Journal of a Voyage from 
 the Thames to Russia and of Campaigning with the Russian Army." 
 It begins at Gravesend, April 13, 1738, and contains personal 
 expenses, phrases in English, German and Russian, maps, drawings 
 of scenes, camps, etc. , and a sermon on Peter the Great. The 2d 
 vol. pp. 287, the 3d vol. pp. 398. There are eighteen maps of 
 sieges, operations, defences of Belgrade, etc., etc. One of the 
 maps is dedicated to George the Second. 
 
 The 4th volume opens with 
 
 I St. "A Tabular List of the Imperial Troops in 1737," followed 
 by (in French) 
 
KOSENGARTEN — EARL OF CRAWFORD'S MS. HISTORY. 3 
 
 2d. " Journal of the Hungarian Campaign of 1737," with General 
 Orders, Maps, etc. 
 
 3d. " Relation des Operations de la Campagne 1738," by Cheva- 
 lier de Forrestier, Captain of the Regiment of the King's Infantry. 
 
 4th. " A Diary of the Army under the Duke of Lothringen, 
 1738-9 " (in German). 
 
 The bills for personal expenses are made out to the Earl of Craw- 
 ford, and this is the only identification. These volumes were no 
 doubt prepared by his secretary, under his direction, as material for 
 establishing the record of his services for preservation in the family 
 archives, and for use in a posthumous biography. 
 
 The author and owner of these MS. volumes was John Lindsay, 
 twentieth Earl of Crawford. The National Dictionary of Biogra- 
 phy gives, in Vol. 38, p. 305, etc., the following sketch of his life : 
 1 702-1 749. " After attending the Universities of Glasgow and Ed- 
 inburgh, he was sent in 1721 to the Military Academy of Vau- 
 dreuil, Paris. In 1726 he was appointed to a company in one of 
 the additional troops of the Scotch Greys. He early acquired a 
 reputation for resolution and daring, and while not neglecting intel- 
 lectual accomplishments, attained exceptional proficiency in athletic 
 exercises, especially in shooting, fencing, riding and dancing. On 
 the disbandment of the additional troops of Scots Greys in 1730, 
 he ... . devoted his more serious attention to military studies 
 and his leisure to boating and hunting. On January 3, 1732, he 
 obtained command of a troop of the 7th Queen's own regiment of 
 dragoons, .... in February, 1 734, he obtained a captain lieu, 
 tenancy in the ist regiment of foot-guards, and in October a cap- 
 taincy in the 3d regiment of foot-guards, but being desirous of 
 acquiring practical acquaintance with the art of war, he got permis- 
 sion, in 1735, to join the Imperial army under Prince Eugene. He 
 specially distinguished himself at the battle of Claussen on October 
 17. In April, 1738, he sailed from Gravesend to St. Petersburg, 
 and having received from the Czarina Anna the command of a 
 regiment of horse, with the rank of general, he, after a perilous 
 journey of one thousand miles, joined the army of Marshal Munich, 
 then engaged in a war against the Tuiks. He soon acquired great 
 
 proficiency in the mode of warfare practiced by the Russians 
 
 After the retreat of Munich to Kiow, Crawford left him and joined 
 the Imperialists near Belgrade. When the army went into winter 
 
4 ROSENGARTEN — EARL OF CRAWFORD S MS. HISTORY. 
 
 quarters, he accompanied Prince Eugene's regiment to Comorn, 
 and thence proceeded to Vienna, still occupying his leisure princi- 
 pally in military studies. In April he rejoined the Imperialists at 
 
 Peterwardein under Marshal Wallis He left in August, 
 
 1 741, and returned to England. In July, 1731, he had been made 
 colonel of horse and adjutant-general ; in October, Colonel of the 
 42d Highlanders, and in December, Colonel of the Grenadier 
 
 Guards In May, 1743, he joined the army under the Earl 
 
 of Stair at Hochstet, when he was made colonel of the Scotch 
 troop of horse guard and adjutant-general. At the battle of Det- 
 tingen, on June 16, he commanded the brigade of life-guards, 
 .... with the rank of brigadier-general. He joined the allied 
 army near Brussels in the following May, and at the battle of Fon- 
 tenoy, April 30, 1745, he succeeded .... in so covering the 
 retreat that it was effected in perfect order. On 30th May follow- 
 ing he was made a major-general. On the outbreak of the rebellion 
 in Scotland in 1745, he was appointed by the government to the 
 command of six thousand Hessians, with whom he secured the 
 
 towns of Perth and Sterling and the passes into the lowlands 
 
 He rejoined the army in the Netherlands. On the day of the battle 
 ofRoncroux, October 5, 1746, he was surprised while reconnoitring, 
 but coolly assuming the character of a French general, .... 
 
 was permitted to pass unmolested In December he was 
 
 appointed to the command of the 25th foot .... on May zo, 
 1747, to that of the Scots Greys, and on September 20 was made a 
 lieutentant-general Crawford joined the Duke of Cumber- 
 land in the campaign of 1748 Returning after the peace to 
 
 London, he died there September 20, 1749." 
 
 The Dictionary of National Biography refers to " Memoirs of 
 the Life of the Right Hon. John Lindsay, Earl of Crawford and 
 Lindsay, by Richard H[should be R]olt, London, 1753, 4*0," 
 reprinted in 1769, under the title "Memoirs of the Life of the 
 late Rt. Hon. John Earl of Crawford, describing many of the high- 
 est achievements of the late wars," and "Lord Lindsay's Lives of 
 the Lindsays, London, 1849, 3 volumes, 8vo." In Vol. 2, p. 235, 
 etc., there is a sketch of his life, and on p. 237 a note says : " The 
 diary of this journal \i.e., from Petersburg to General Munich's 
 quarters], dictated by Lord Crawford and corrected by his own 
 hand, a large folio, is now in my possession, with various other 
 journals and military MS., the bequest of my kind relative, Lady 
 
ROSENGAKTEN — EARL OF CEAWFORD's MS. HISTORY. 5 
 
 Mary Lindsay Crawford, sister of the last Earl of Crawford of the 
 Byres- line." 
 
 The full title of Rolfs book is " Memoirs of the Life of the late 
 Right Honorable John Lindesay, Earl of Craufurd and Lindesay, 
 Lord Lindesay of Glenesk and Lord Lindesay of the Byers, one of 
 the sixteen Peers of Scotland, Lieutenant General of his Majesty's 
 Forces, and Colonel of the Royal North British Grey Dragoons, 
 by Richard Rolt, author of The True History of the Late War. 
 London, Printed for Henry Kopp; and sold by Mr. Newberry, 
 in St. Paul's Church Yard ; Mr. Owen, at Temple Bar; and Mr. 
 Paterson, in the Strand. 1753, 4to, pp. 432, with appendix." 
 
 Much of this book is a reprint of the principal parts of the four 
 MSS. volumes in the Library of the American Philosophical 
 Society, viz. : 
 
 Chapter 2. An account of the rise of the war between the 
 Emperor and France in 1733 to the campaign on the Rhine in 
 1735, when the Earl of Craufurd served as a volunteer under 
 Prince Eugene and Count Seckendorff; the action at Claussen ; 
 and the end of the war. 
 
 Chapter 3. The rise of the war between the Russians and the 
 Turks in 1736, wherein the Imperialists were auxiliary to the 
 former ; the state of those empires, with a short account of the 
 campaigns in Tartary and Hungary in the years 1736-7. 
 
 Chapter 4. An account of the Earl of Craufurd's preparations 
 for the Russian campaign of 1738; his voyage to St. Petersburg; 
 his reception at that Court, and his journey from thence to the 
 Russian army in Bessarabia. His reception by Feldt-marshal 
 Munich ; an account of the Tartars ; as also of the campaign in 
 Turkey, and the Earl of Craufurd's journey to the Imperial army 
 in Hungary. His reception by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, an 
 account of the campaign in Hungary, and his lordship's journey to 
 Vienna. 
 
 Book III, Chap. i. The campaigns of 1739, containing the 
 journal of the campaign in Hungary, together with a general plan 
 of the whole, which was generally printed for this work by his 
 Royal Highness Prince Charles of Lorraine ; as also an account of 
 the same campaign written by the Earl of Craufurd, with a descrip- 
 tion of the battles of Krotza and Panscora ; to which is added a 
 short detail of the Russian campaign, with his lordship's observa- 
 
6 ROSENGAKTEN — EARL OF CRAWFORD'S MS. HISTORY. 
 
 tions on the whole and several plans drawn under the direction of 
 his lordship. 
 
 No. I. The journal of all the motions made by the Imperial and 
 Turkish armies, from the opening of the campaign in 1739 until 
 the peace of Belgrade ; together with a plan of operations 
 
 No. 2. A description of the battle of Krotzka, .... with 
 observations .... by the late Earl of Craufurd. 
 
 Chapter 2. A short introduction to the siege of Belgrade ; a 
 journal of the siege, wrote under the direction of the Earl of Crau- 
 furd. 
 
 Chapter 3. ... A journal of his voyage up the Danube from 
 Belgrade to Vienna 
 
 Book IV, Chapter i. His journey to Milan and Genoa in 1743, 
 when he joined the Austrian army commanded by Marshal Traun 
 .... his campaign of 1 743 in Germany and the battle of Det- 
 tingen 
 
 Chapter 2. . . . The campaign in Flanders in 1744 .... his 
 opinion at a council of war 
 
 Chapter 3. His remarks on the opening of the campaign in 
 1745, and his account of the battle of Fontenoy. 
 
 Chapter 4. His conduct toward suppressing the rebellion in 
 Scotland. The campaign of 1746 in the Netherlands, with a par- 
 ticular instance of the respect shown to his lordship by Marshal 
 Saxe .... his remarks on the battle of Roucoux. A short account 
 of the campaign of 1747 in the Netherlands, and of that of 1748. 
 
 The author of the maps, both in this Life and in the MS. volumes, 
 is Henry Kopp, for whom the Life was printed. He was secretary 
 and draughtsman for Lord Crawford, although Rolt says in his Life 
 of Crawford, on p. 87, that "the Earl's greatest amusement (in his 
 periods of inactivity) was in revising his journal .... making 
 observations of what he had seen, and in embellishing the plans of 
 the marches and encampments of which he had been a spectator." 
 
 Rolt says (p. 116, etc.) that he sent eleven horses to Vienna, 
 following (on the advice of Prince Cantemir, the Russian Ambassa- 
 dor to England) five months later, with three servants and as many 
 horses and three friends, who were desirous of acting as volunteers. 
 .... One of the maps, that of the operations on the Danube in 
 the campaign of 1739, is dedicated to General Oglethorpe by 
 Henry Kopp ; three others printed in the Life, and identical with 
 those in the MS. volumes, are dedicated to the Earl of Loudoun : 
 
EOSENGARTEN— EARL OF CRAWFORD'S MS. HISTORY. 7 
 
 " A View ofthe Imperial and Turkish Armies .... atWinscha"; 
 but even more curious is the " Plan designated by the Earl to shew 
 the disposition in w"" his lordship conceived the Imperial Army 
 might have been formed, on its Junction with Count Neuperg's 
 Corps, during the night between between the 22nd and 23rd of 
 July 1739 ; in w"" situation .... it would have been more eligi- 
 ble to have renewed the Battle against the Turks, on the 23d, than 
 for the Imperialists to retreat as they did in the night time of the 
 23d." 
 
 There are, however, many original maps in the MSS. volumes, 
 not reproduced in the Life, no doubt owing to the expense. At p. 
 430 of the Life, Rolt says Lord Craufurd " designed and drew 
 plans with such great accuracy, that he beautifully represented all 
 the heights, and the hollows ; every small break, every ditch, 
 hedge, bush, and other obstruction, which could in the least, in- 
 commode an army forming in the line of battle, in its movements ; 
 whereby any person, a little acquainted with drawing, could easily 
 perceive which of the armies had the advantage of the ground, and 
 which of them had improved it the most for their own security." 
 Further, " He was of the opinion that it would be a great advantage 
 .... to introduce archery into our armies .... each battalion 
 should have from twenty to four or five score able bodied men, who 
 had been trained to shoot at butts, from their youth .... to en- 
 courage young men to train themselves to the use and exercise of 
 these weapons .... to ... . be detached a little before the 
 front of the first line to throw their arrows among the enemy's 
 cavalry, after which they should lay aside their bows and quivers, 
 and fall in with their small arms, with their battalions." He also 
 advised the use of heavy firearms " such as were used by the Span- 
 iards under the Duke of Alva, which they levelled upon the rest of 
 a fork fixed to the piece by a swivel, for these arms carried a very 
 heavy shot and did execution at a great distance." 
 
 How did these MSS. volumes come to this country and to the 
 Library of the American Philosophical Society ? Were they used 
 by Rolt in preparing his Life of Lord Crawford, or had Lord 
 Crawford a number of copies of his MSS., all enriched by maps 
 and plans, and bound under lock and key ? These curious volumes 
 ought to be in^the Library of the United States Military Academy 
 at West Point, or in that of the General Staff College, soon to be 
 opened in Washington, for they constitute a contemporary docu- 
 
8 EOSENGARTEN — EABL OF CKAWFOED'S MS, HISTORY. 
 
 ment of value to students of military history. The Philosophical 
 Society would no doubt be glad to exchange them for books better 
 suited- to its peaceful scientific pursuits and to its legend, prescribed 
 by its great founder, Franklin, " For promoting useful knowledge." 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE EARL OF CRAWFORD. 
 
 A REVIEW BY 
 
 JOSEPH G. ROSENGARTEN. 
 
 Reprinted from the 
 Journal of the Military Service Institution. 
 Governor's Island, N. Y., 
 January, 1904. 
 
 T 
 
The Earl of Crawford's Ms. Memoirs. 
 
 IN the library of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia 
 there are four folio MS. volumes, labelled Vol. ist, Account of 
 Some Campaigns of the British Army from 1689 to 1712, and 
 Journal of a Campaign under Prince Eugene on the Upper Rhine, 
 and Miscellaneous Papers. 
 
 Vols. 2d and 3d, Journal of a Voyage from the Thames to Russia, 
 and of Campaigning with the Russian Army, 1738-9. 
 
 Vol. 4th, Journal of a Campaign with the Russian Army against 
 the Turks, 1737-9. 
 
 They are all in admirable condition, in clear handwriting, with 
 many very fine maps, well bound with clasps and lock, and in ex- 
 cellent preservation. How they came to this country nowhere 
 appears, nor is there any evidence of the authorship other than 
 some bills against the Earl of Crawford bound up with other papers. 
 That they are his is clear from a reference to his Life by Richard 
 Rolt, published in London in 1753 and reprinted there in 1769, and 
 to his biography in Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays, London, 
 1849. Iri a note to page 237 of Vol. 2, Lord Lindsay says, "The diary 
 of this journey {i.e. from Petersburg to General Munich's head- 
 quarters), dictated by Lord Crawford, and corrected by his own 
 hand, a large folio, is now in my possession, with various other 
 journals and military MSS., the bequest of my kind relative. Lady 
 Mary Lindsay Crawford, sister of the late Earl of Crawford of the 
 Byres line." 
 
 In the National Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 38, page 305, etc., 
 there is a narrative of the life of this the twentieth Earl of Crawford, 
 born 1702, died 1749, whose MS. memoirs have for many years been 
 carefully preserved in the library in Philadelphia. Howthese volumes 
 got there, there is no record. Their interest for students of military 
 history is such that they ought, if possible, to be secured for the 
 Library of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, or for that 
 which will no doubt be added to the new War College in Washington. 
 
 The ist volume contains: 1st. A short treatise of fortifications 
 and geometry, pp. 33. 2d. A method of discipline proposed for the 
 behavior of a regiment of foot upon action, pp. 29. 3d. An account 
 of the most remarkable transactions which happened in the cam- 
 paigns I made from the year 1689 to the conclusion of the Peace of 
 Ryswick in 1697. It begins: "The regiment I served in is very 
 well known by the title it bears, of the Royal Regiment of Foot in 
 Ireland, from which regiment I may without vanity say our British 
 Infantry had the groundwork of their present discipline." It 
 describes Schomberg's Irish campaign of 1689, pp. 12, then the 
 campaigns of 1692-3, 1694-5-6-7, pp. 14; then, 4th, The campaigns 
 from 1702 to 1712, pp. 63 ; then, 5th, Journal and remarkable observa- 
 tions during three campaigns made by a friend to the trade of war, 
 in three volumes. Vol. 1st, Journal of a campaign made with the 
 Imperial Army under the command of Prince Eugene of Savoy on 
 
the Upper Rhine in the year 1735, pp. 87. It closes, " I shall conclude 
 this campaign with the inserting a few useful papers I collected 
 during the operations of it and of the following (I dare venture to 
 say) exact plan of the country we marched over." Then follow 
 twelve beautiful maps giving the successive positions of the armies, 
 the last an elephant folio map of the Rhine from Coblenz to Carlsruhe. 
 5th. "The following march root [sic] ordered by Prince Eugene 
 I insert as a model of a very difficult part of duty in the trade of war, " 
 
 PP- 5- 
 
 6th. "Un detail exact et bien calcul6e de ce que coutoit par 
 mois en 1681 la plus parfaite marine que la France aie ene," pp. 8. 
 
 7th. "Un Traittes Touchant les Conquetes qu'on pourroit 
 faire en Amerique sur la Maison de Bourbon au cas que la Guerre 
 devienne generale et qui seuls peuvent retablir I'Equilibre de 
 I'Europe, " pp. 6. 
 
 8th. Tabulated Lists of the French Army in 1735. 
 
 9th. Reflexions sur les Evenements de la Moselle (imperfect), 
 pp. 2. 
 
 loth. Treaty and cartell made and concluded between his 
 Imperial and Catholicy Majesty on the one part, and his most 
 Christian Majesty on the other, concerning their prisoners of war 
 in their armies on the Rhine, 173s, pp. 16. 
 
 nth. The troops in the Black Forest, Friburg and Brisac. 
 Specifications of the Imperial Regiments, 1735. A list of the Im- 
 perial Regiments both horse and foot, the names of the commissioned 
 officers, commanders and agents, together with the number of men 
 in each complete regiment and the places where they are now, pp. 24. 
 [On the fly leaves are: A tailor's bill in German, some heads of letters, 
 etc.] 
 
 Vols. 2d and 3d, Journal of a Voyage from the Thames to Russia 
 and of Campaigning with the Russian Army. It begins atGravesend, 
 April 13, 1738, gives personal expenses, phrases in English, German 
 and Russian, maps, drawings, scenes, camps, etc., and a sermon on 
 Peter the Great. The ist volume has pp. 287, the 2d, pp. 398. with 
 18 maps of sieges, operations, defence of Belgrade, etc. — one dedicated 
 to George the Second. 
 
 Vol. 4th opens with a tabular list of the Imperial troops in 1737 ; 
 then follow, in French: 
 
 ist. Journal of the Hungarian Campaign of 1737, with general 
 orders, maps, etc. 
 
 2d. Relation des Operations de laCampagne de 1738, byChevalier 
 de Forrestier, Captain of the Regiment of the King's Inf. pp. 7. 
 
 3d. In German, A Diary of the Army Under the Duke of Loth- 
 ringen, 1738-9. 
 
 There are bills for expenses incurred by and made out to the 
 Earl of Crawford, and these MS. volumes were no doubt prepared 
 by his secretary, as material for future record of his services, for 
 preservation in the family archives, and for use in securing advance- 
 ment and employment. The maps were made by Henry Kopp, 
 for whose benefit the Life of Lord Crawford was published after 
 his death. Much of that life is a reprint of parts of the contents 
 of these four MS. volumes, and the few maps in the life are selected 
 from the large number preserved in the MS. One of the maps is 
 dedicated to General Oglethorpe, another to the Earl of Loudoun, 
 both names Known to American history. There is a curious plan 
 "designed by the Earl of Crawford to show the disposition m which 
 his Lordship conceived the Imperial Army might have been formed 
 
on its junction with Count Neuperg's corps, during the night 
 between the 22d. and 23d of July, 1739, in which situation it would 
 have been more eligible to have renewed the battle against the Turks 
 on the 23d, than for the Imperialists to retreat, as they did, in the 
 night time of the 2 2d." In his Life it is said that the Earl of Crawford's 
 "greatest amusement in his periods of inactivity was in revising 
 his journals, making observations of what he had seen, and in em- 
 bellishing the plans of the marches and encampments of which 
 he had been a spectator. He designated and drew plans with such 
 great accuracy that he beautifully represented all the heights and 
 the hollows, every small break, every ditch, hedge, brush or other 
 obstruction which could in the least incommode an army forming 
 in the line of battle in its movements, whereby any person a little 
 acquainted with drawing could easily perceive which of the armies 
 had the advantage of the ground, and which of them had improved 
 it the most for their own security." 
 
 As Lord Crawford died in 1749, and his life was published in 
 1753. it would be interesting to know when and how these MSS. came 
 to this country and to the Library of the American Philosophical 
 Society, and what is to be their future — West Point or Washington? 
 
 J. G. ROSENGARTEN.