A3 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY DATE DUE ' m£^ ■ lliM#--n« k ««■ "" "II"""'"* """■'"""^ . . m li iM 38, ,1 17, 18 „ erase Ep. Barn. xvi. 6. Cf. En. xci. 13. „ 66, „ 8 ,, for eyebrows read eyelids „ 66, „ 21 „ for Gk. rb ariKPuv read Giz. Gk. (XriPfts „ 7°> >, 16 ,, ^or which reati of those who „ 71. „ 24 .. for Al^fl'V read Ai^ftV , , 12, erase Grit. Note on x. 7. .. 74. „ «5 » /or ht-flpffO* reati H-flPflO* „ 76, ,, 4 from bottom, yor Papius read! Papias ,, 80, „ 6 from top, remove comma after forth „ 81, „ 6 „ /or the walls of the house read its walls „ 81, ,, 23 „ for thereon read (thereon) „ 84, last line, for Gk. read Syn. Gk. 92, line 21 from top, for Wfln. read WK. „ 98, „ 16 „ for Tihs (twice) read It (twice) „ 98. ,. 18 „ for „ „ read „ „ ), 99> « 17 I) /or then j-eofj there „ loi, „ 14 „ for then read and thence ,, loi, „ 23 „ /or then reod there „ 104, „ 16 „ /or one of these blows reod they blow ,, 105. f> 15 .. for tf- read It „ 116, „ 22 „ before The original add Are beautifully re- splendent. „ 120, ,, 19 ,, /or Fanuel read Bufael „ 120, „ 19 „ for ^i-lbii read i^^htl^. (In this instance the reading of G M is corrupt.) „ 121, „ 21 „ for GM. read Gr „ 124, „ 29-30 „ for Taken over into the Interpolations read from whence it was borrowed : cf. also „ 180, „ 29 „ /or IRO* reod RIO* „ 248, erase ezegetical note on xc. 3. „ 286, last line, for laud read law GENERAL INTRODUCTION § I. Short Account of the Book. In Gen. v. 24 it is said of Enoch that he walked with God. This expression was taken in later times to mean not only that he led a godly lifcj but also that he was the recipient of superhuman knowledge. It was not unnatural, therefore, that an Apocal3rptic literature began to circulate under his name in the centuries when such literature was rife. In the present book, translated from the Ethiopic, we have large fragments of such a literature, proceeding from a variety of authors. Additional portions of this literature may be discovered in the coming years. Only recently two Slavonic MSS., which belong to this literature, but are quite inde- pendent of the present book, have been printed in Russia. The present book from the Ethiopic belongs to the second and first centuries B.C. All the writers of the New Testa- ment were familiar with it, and were more or less influenced by it in thought and diction'. It is quoted as a genuine production of Enoch by S. Jude, and as Scripture by S. Barnabas. The authors of the Book of Jubilees, the Apocalypse of Baruch and IV Ezra, laid it under con- tribution. With the earlier Fathers and Apologists it had all the weight of a canonical book, but towards the close of the third and the beginning of the fourth centuries it began to be discredited, and finally fell under the ban of the ' For a fall account of its influence ture, see the closing Chapter of this on earlier Jewish and Christian litera- Introduction. i The Book of Enoch. Church. Almost the latest reference to it in the Early Church is made by George Syncellus in his Chronography about 800 A. D., who has preserved for us some long passages in Greek. The book was then lost sight of till 1773, when an Ethiopic version of it was found in Abyssinia by Bruce. This traveller brought home three copies of it, two old MSS. and a transcript from one of them. From one of these Laurence made the first modem translation of Enoch in 182 1. § %. The Ethiofic MSS. There are seventeen MSS. of this book in Europe. Of these one is in Paris, a transcript of B in the Bodleian. Another is in the Vatican Library, but of this MS. I know nothing further. The remaining fifteen are designated by the letters A B C D, &c. Of these Laurence based his text on A, and Din. on A B C D B. For a description of these 'five MSS. see Dln.^'s Liler Henoch, Aethiopice, Annotat. pp. i, 2. Of the remaining MSS., all of which are in the British Museum, two were obtained by purchase, F, L in 1861 and 1862, and the rest fell into the hands of the expedition against King Theodore at Magdala. These MSS. with their Nos, in the British Museum Cata- logue are as follows : F. Add. 24185 19th cent. Divided into 106 chs. G. Orient. 485 Beginning of i6tli cent. Without usual division and numbering of chs. G'. „ „ Consists only of xcvii.6^— cviii. 10. See Grit. Note on xci. 6. H. Orient. 484 i8th cent. Divided into 108 chs. I- ), 486 ,, Chs. i-lx. 1 2^ wanting. K. ,, 490 „ Divided into 107 chs. L. Add. 24990 „ M. Orient. 491 „ Without usual numbering and division into chs. N. „ 492 „ Divided into 87 chs. 0. „ 499 „ Divided into 106 chs. General Introduction. 3 I collated these MSS, with Dln/s Ethiopic text on more than three hundred passages. The result of this test was so favourable to G and G^ that I made a complete collation of these MSS. and have given the bulk of their variants in my critical notes. The superiority of G to all other MSS. will be evident from the following seventeen passages. In these I have adopted a different text from Din. in accordance with the Ethiopic MSS. which were supported by the independent testimony of the Greek of S. Jude 15, of the Greek fragments of Enoch in G. Syncellus, and of the Greek fragment of Enoch published by Mai in Patrum Nova Bibliotheea, vol. ii. These passages and the MSS. that support the reading adopted are — Enoch i. 9 G M supported by S. , Jud eiS- vi. 3 GM JJ Greek of Syncellus, 5 GM „ >5 viii. 3 GKM ■>■> „ ix. 4 GM fi )J 8 GM IJ J> X. 3 GM JJ )J 10 GM J> J) 10 GKM 1? )1 II FGHL JJ 17 XV. 8 G )) M II G J) 31 12 M )J )) xvi. I EN J> jy AEFGHKLMNO )) Ixxxix. 42 G S» j> fragment of Mai, 45 D }) jj J) For the evidence of the above MSS. on these passages see Crit. Notes in loe. It will be remarked that G agrees four- teen times out of the seventeen with the Gk.j and M eleven times, K three times, E F H L N twice, and ADO once each. Hence it would appear that the five MSS. A B C D E on which Dln.^s text is founded and in a somewhat less degree E H I K L N O rest on a recension which did not afEect G B a 4 The Book of Enoch. at all and was probably subsequent to it and only partially affected M. This probable conclusion becomes a certainty when we examine the rest of the book. The following list of passages in which we have departed from Dln.'s text, in deference to the better readings of the British Museum MSS., shows that G represents an ancient unrevised text, and that G^ M are nearly related to G ; but that all the rest belong more or less closely to another type of text, of which we may regard Dln/s text as a partially adequate representation. This latter type of text gives an inferior meaning, frequently when opposed to G alone, and nearly always when opposed to GM, G G'^, or G G^M, or these supported by one, two, or more of the other MSS, Thus I have followed against Din. G alone 102 times. G with one or more of CDEFHKLNO . . 7 GM 126 G M with one or more of ABCDEFHIKLNO 38 GG^ 12 GG^ withENandlLO 2 GG'M 19 G^M 2 M alone or with Greek or with other MSS. . 1 1 D with Greek i E N with Greek 1 FI I 322 Thus in 32a instances I have followed the above MSS. against Din. In every instance, however, I have also given Dla.'s text with its translation that the reader may form his own judgment. Before passing from this subject I will give a few passages to show how weakly at times Dln.'s text is supported even by inferior MSS. See Grit. Notes on xxxix. 7 where G M and seven other MSS. are against him; liii. 7 where G M and nine other MSS. ; Ixvii. 3 where G M and eight other MSS. ; Ixvii. 13 where G M and all MSS. but B C j xc. 18 where General Introduction. 5 GM and nine MSS.; xc. 19 where G M and eight MSS.; xeiii. 10 where G M and seven MSS. I will adduce one more point under this head. On xcviii. a all MSS. but GG^M agree in giving a vox nulla. The agreement of these later MSS. in presenting a counterfeit word points either to a recension or to the same ancestry. § 3. Greek VEEsioir. Only fragments of this version have come down to us pre- served in the chronography of George Syncellus (about 800 B.C.). These are vi-ix. 4; viii. 4-x. 14; xv. 8-xvi. 1; and in a Vatican MS. (Cod. Gr. 1809) published by Mai in the Patrum Nova Bibliotheca, vol. ii. Only Ixxxix. 43-49 is found in this MS. I have printed these fragments in parallel columns with the translation from the Ethiopic. The Greek version haSj no doubt^ undergone corruption in the process of transmission ; yet in many respects it presents a more faithful text than the Ethiopic. This we might infer to some extent from what has gone before, and the following instances where it undoubtedly preserves the truer reading will more than confirm this view: — vi. 6; viii. i ; ix. 6, lO; X. 14; XV. II j Ixxxix. 45, 48. In these instances we have followed the Greek version against all the Ethiopic MSS. The Greek version is by no means free from corruptions. As the Greek fragment which has lately been discovered at Cairo has not yet been published, I have not been able to avail myself of it. § 4. Emendations. The text presented by the best MSS, is still far from perfect, and contains many primitive errors. Some of these have been emended successfully by Din, and Hallevi. I have introduced into the text emendations of Din. in the following passages : — Ivi. 7 ; Ixii. 2 ; xc. 38 ; and emendations of Hallevi in Ixvii. 13; Ixxvii. 1-3; ci. 4, 9; and emendations of my own in xvi, i; xli. 9; slvi, aj Ix. 6, 19, 24; Ixiii. 7; 6 The Book of Enoch. Ixxvi. 6, lo; xe. 2o, ai. For the reasons see Crit. Notes in. loc. There are still many passages which are undoubtedly corrupt. On many of them I have given suggestions of Hallevi and of my own. See Crit. Notes on Ixv. lo ; Ixix. I, 13, &c. § 5. Editions of the Ethiopic Text. Latjkence, lAlri 'Enoch Versio AeUiqpica, Oxoniae, 1838. DiLLMANN, Liher Henoch, Aethiopioe, ad quinque codicum fdem editus, cum variis lectionibus. Lipsiae, 1851. For an account of the MSS. see pp. a-5. § 6. Translations. Four translations with introductions and commentary have already appeared. The latter two of them we shall criticise shortly. Laxjeence, The Book of Enoch, an apocryphal production, now first translated from an Ethiopic MS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1 8a I. Hoffmann (A. G.), Das Buch Henoch in vollstdndiger JJler- setzung mit fortlavfiendem Commentar, ausfuhrlicher Einleitung nnd erlauternden Excursen, a vols. Jena, 1833-38. DiLLMANN, Bas Buch Henoch ubersetzt und erkldrt, Leipzig, 1853. This splendid edition at once displaced the two that preceded it, corrected their many ungrammatical renderings, and furnished an almost perfect translation of a text based on five MSS. So much however has been done in the criticism of Enoch since 1853 that the need of a new edition is im- perative alike in respect of the text, translation, .interpretation, and criticism of the book. For a criticism of the Ethiopic text of Din. see pp. 3-4. As for the translation some of the renderings are grammatically impossible. See, for instance, Crit. Notes on xv. 11 ; Ixi. 10; Ixxxix. 7 j xcix. 16; cvi. 13. Many other inaccuracies in the translation are silently corrected in his Lexicon. For some of these see Crit. Notes on viii. i ; General Introduction. 7 xxxvii. a, 5; xxxviii. a; xli. 5; Ixxxiii. 5j Ixxxv. a; xcix. 5. Further he has omitted to translate the opening words of xxxvii. I and a clause in xei. 6. As for the interpretation of the book, this has been pressed and strained in order to sup- port the critical views which Din. then held but which he has long since abandoned. His critical views indeed have undergone many changesj but these undoubtedly are in the right direction. In his edition of 1 853 Din. insisted that the book proceeded from one author with the exception of certain historical addi- tions, vi-xvi; xci. ia-17 ; xciiij cvi-vii, and of certain Noaehic interpolationSj liv. 7-lv. 2 ; Ix ; Ixv-lxix. 25 ; and also ef . XX ; Ixx ; Ixxv. 5 ; Ixxxii. 9-30 ; cviii. In i860 in Herzog's M.^., Ed. i, vol. xii. 308-310, and in 187,1 in Schenkel's [Bibel-Lex.) iii. 10-13, ^® recognised the separate authorship of xxxvii-lxxi and asserted with Ewald its priority to the rest of the book. In 1883 in Herzog's R. E., Ed. a, vol. xii. 350-353 he abandons his original standpoint so far as to describe the book of Enoch as a mere ' combination of the Enoch and Noah writings,' and concedes that xxxvii-lxxi are later than the rest of the book. His final analysis is as follows, (i) i-xxxvi ; Ixxii-cv, with the exception of certain interpolations, form the ground-work and were composed in the time of J. Hyrcanus. (a) xxxvii-lxxi together probably with xvii-xix were written at latest before 64 b. c. (3) The Noaehic fragments vi. 3-8 ; viii. 1-3 ; ix. 7 ; x. 1, 1 1 ; xx ; xxxix. i, a * ; liv. 7-lv. 3 ; Ix ; Ixv-lxix. a5 ; cvi-cvii. (4) cviii. Yet despite every defect, Dln.'s edition will always maintain a unique position in the Enoch literature. ScHODDB. The Book of Enoch translated with Introduction and Notes, Andover, 1 88a. The introduction is interesting and the account of the bibliography though incomplete is helpful, but the arrangement of the text and notes in this edition is most inconvenient. The translation is made from Dln.'s Ethiopic text. But the work as a whole is unsatisfactory. All Dln.'s slips and inaccuracies, with one or two exceptions. 8 The Book of Enoch. are perpetuated^ even those which have been corrected in his Lexicon, and to these Dr. Schodde has added a goodly- number of his own. At times he translates directly from the German instead of the Ethiopie. As for instance in xxxvi. 3 he translates y"0«f-ft wrongly 'every evening' instead of 'to the west.' The explanation of this strange mistake is found in Dln.'s rendering 'gegen Abend/ which may be translated either way. Again in Ixii. 4 he gives the extra- ordinary rendering ' when the son enters the mouth of the mother/ instead of the obvious translation ' enters the mouth of the womb/ Here again Dln.'s ' Wann sein Sohn in den Muttermund tritt/ explains Dr. Schodde's error. It is pos- sible that this error should be set down to an imperfect know- ledge of English, such as he displays in xxi. 3 where th6 words 'tied together to it' represent some stars as tied to a void ! whereas the literal translation is ' bound together in it'; or in xxv. 5 where he renders 'it will be planted towards the north ' instead of ' it will be transplanted to the north.' At other times Dr. Schodde confounds words that in the Ethiopie closely resemble each other, as in xxvii. a 'here will be their judgment ' instead of ' here wUl be the place of their punishment ' ; in xxxii. 3 ' of attractive beauty ' instead of 'of goodly fragrance'; in Ixxxix. 18 'abode' instead of 'assembly.' Again in Ixxiii. 8 he comments rightly in the notes on the waxing moon, but his translation wrongly refers to the waning moon. On the other hand the notes on the astronomical Chs. are often misleading and unintelligible : cf. Ixxii. 3, o^^ -. Ixxiv. 6 ; Ixxv. i. A more thorough study of Dln.'s commentary would have saved him from such misconceptions. It will be sufficient to point to one or two more mistransla- tions in this book. xix. I ' On the day when the great judgment . . . shall be consummated/ instead of ' on the day of the great judgment . . . till they are consummated.' General Introduction. g Ixxiv. 14 ' To the sum of these are added sixty-two days/ instead of ' an addition is made to the sixty-two days/ Ixxvi. 10 'After these northerly winds from the seventh portal/ instead of ' After these are the north winds : from the seventh portal/ &e. In the face of such a list as the above, and it is by no means exhaustive, it is hard to congratulate Dr. Schodde, and yet we are grateful to him for the good service he has rendered in introducing the knowledge of Enoch to the Western world. I should add that Dr. Schodde's analysis of Enoch is : — i. The groundwork i-xxxvi ; Ixxii-cv, before the death of Judas Maecabee. ii. The Similitudes xxxvii-lxxi, between 37-4 b. c. iii. Noachic interpolations liv. 7-lv. 2 ; Ix ; Ixv-lxix. 35 ; cvi-evii. He thinks it probable that xx ; Ixx ; Ixxv. 5 ; Ixxxii. 9- 30 J xciii. 1 1-14 are also interpolations. § 7. Critical Inquiries. I had intended to give a critical history of all the work done on Enoch since 1850^ and had collected almost sufiScient materials for that purpose, when I found that my space would not permit of such a large addition to the book. I shall therefore content myself with enumerating these inquiries and adding occasional notes. LtJCKE, Einleitung in die Offenlarnng des Johannes (and Ed. 1853), pp. 89-144 : 1071— 1073. Liicke regards the book as consisting of two parts ; the first embraces i-xxxv ; Ixxi-cv, written at the beginning of the Maccabaean revolt (p. 143), or according to his later view in the reign of J. Hyrcanus (p. 1073) ; the second consists of the Similitudes and was written in the early years of Herod the Great (p. 143). lix. 7-14 and Ixiv-lxvii. i are interpolations of an uncertain date. In his first edition Liicke maintained the Christian authorship of the whole book. HoFMANN (J. Chr. K.), 'Ueber die Entstehungszeit des lo The Book of Enoch. Buch Henocli {ZeiUchr. B. M. G. vi-. 1853, pp. 87-91) ; Schrift- beweis (and Ed.), i. 420-23 ; Die heil. Schrift N.T.'g zusam- menhangend untermcU, vii. o,, p. 205 sqq. Hofmann regards Enoch as the work of a Christian writer of the second century A. D. His chief contribution to the understanding of Enoch is his correct interpretation of the seventy shepherds i^ Ixxxix-xc. DiLLMANN. See above under editions ; also Zeitschr. B. M. G., 1 861, pp. 126-131 . This is a criticism of Volkmar's theory. Jellinek, Zeitschr. B. M. G., 1853, p. 249. GiLDEMEisTEE, Zeititc/iT. B. M. G., 1855, pp. 621-624, gives the Greek fragment of Enoch from the Codex Vaticanus (Cod. Gr. 1809) and discusses the relative merits of the Greek and Ethiopic versions. EwALD, Alhandlunff iiier des athiopischen Buches Henokh Entstehunw, Sinn und Zusammensetzwng, 1855; History of Israel, v. 345-349 (transl. from the Germ.). It was the merit of Ewald first to discern that Enoch was composed of several originally independent books. It is, in fact, as he declares, ' the precipitate of a literature once very active which revolved . . . round Enoch ' Rist. (v. 349). Though this view was at once assailed by Kostlin and nearly every other critic since, its truth can no longer be denied, and Holtzmann's declara- tion that ' the so-called groundwork (i. e. i-xxxvii ; Ixxii-cv) is composed of a whole series of sections, some of Pharisaic and others of Essene origin' {Tlieol. lAteratv/rzeitung , 1890, p. 497), is a notable sign of the return to Ewald's view. But though future criticism must confirm Ewald's general judg- ment of the book, it will just as surely reject his detailed analysis of its parts. His scheme is — (i) Book I, xxxvii-lxxi (with the exception of certain in- terpolations), circ. 144 B. c. (2) Book II, i-xvi; Ixxxi. 1-4 ; Ixxxiv; xci-cv, circ. 135 B.C. (3) Book III, xx-xxxvi; Ixxii-xc ; cvi-cvii, circ. 128 B. C; cviii later. General Introduction. 1 1 / > (4) Book IV, the Noah book. vi. 3-8; viii. 1-3; ix X. 1-3, IX, 34''; xvii-xix; liv. 7-lv. a; Ix. i-io, 34, 25; Ixiv-lxix. 16. Somewhat later than the former. (5) Finally the editing, compressing, and enlarging of the former books into one vol. Weisse, Die Evangelien-Frage, 1856, pp. 314-234. Weisse agrees with Hof mann and Philippi in maintaining a Christian authorship of the book, but his advocacy of this view springs from the dogmatic principle that the entire idea of Christianity was in its pure originality derived from the self -consciousness of Christ. KosTLiN, ' Ueber die Entstehung des Buchs Henoch ' (TJieol. Jahrb., 1856, pp. 340-379; 370-386). Kostlin, asri' xat ia-rai eir kay&Tcov t&v fmepav Koi itapah(Lcra Kvpms TO, Tvpo^ara rrjs VOiJ,rjs Koi rffv ixdv&pav koI tov itvpyov aiiT&v ds Kara^Oopav. Cf . En. Ixxxix. ^6, 66. Ep. Bam. xvi. 6. Cf. En. xci. 13. In the second century Justin Martyr, Apol. ii. 5 (quoted in note on ix. %, 9) : cp. also i. 5- Enoch is not mentioned in these passages but is used. Irenaeus, iv. 16. 3 (quoted in note on xiv. 7). Atlienagoras (about 170 A. d.) in his irpea-^eia x regards Enochj though he does not name him, as a true prophet : Xare be pj^hev fip,as ap,apTvpov keyeiv, h. be tols wpof^Tjrats ^Kire^ciSvJjrai, pLTiv^eiv. eKelvoi p,ev, ets emOviiLav TrecrovTes, vapdivcav , . . l/c jiev ovv T&v TTepl ray irapOevovs expvTtav 01 KaKovp.evoi eyevvrjBria-av yiyavres k.t.X. TertuUian, writing between 197 and 333, regards Enoch as Scripture, Apol. xxii (quoted in note on xv. 8, 9) ; De Cultu Feminarum, i. 3 (quoted on viii. i). I. 3 : Scio scripturam Enoch, quae hunc ordinem angelis dedit, non recipi a quibusdam, quia nee in armarium Judaicum admittitur. Opinor, non putaverunt illam ante cataclysmum editam post eum casum orbis omnium rerum abolitorem salvam General Introduction. 39 esse potuisse. But Tertullian proceeds to show that this was possible : cum Enoch filio suo Matusalae nihil aliud mandaverit quam ut notitiam eorum posteris suis traderet. He then pronounces the singular critical canon : Cum Enoch eadem scriptura etiam de domino praedicarit, a nobis quidem nihil omnino rejieiendum est, quod pertineat ad nos ... A Judaeis potest jam videri propterea rejecta, sicut et cetera fere quae Christum sonant . . . Eo aeeedit quod Enoch apud Judam apostolum testimonium possidet. II. 10 (quoted on viii. i). Be Idol, iv (quoted on xix. i). Cf. also Be Idol, ix; Be Virg. Veland. vii : Si enim propter angelos, scilicet quos legimus a deo et caelo excidisse ob concupiseentiam feminarum, &c. Be Idol. XT : Haec igitur ab initio praevidens spiritus sanctus etiam ostia in superstitionem ventura praececinit per antiquissimum propheten Enoch. Clemens Alex. Eclogue Prophet. Ed. Dindorf, iii. 456 (quoted on xix. 3) ; iii. 474 (quoted on viii. a. 3) ; Strom, iii. 9 (quoted on xvi. 3). Origen (185-354). does not regard Enoch as inspiredj and yet he does not wholly reject it. Cf. Contra Celmm, v. 53. Celsus argues that other &yyekoi descended to the earth before Christ : kXBeiv yap koI aXKovs Kiyovoi,s ixd^urra tovs dwAovo-- repovs, bid re rd irepiTrd riva /cat arpi/3^ ttJs l/cicX7j(rtaoTtK^S ■napabocrems exeiv Kut 6ta rd vevoOeva-Oai avra vird 'lovba[<>)v koi alpiTiK&v. (Ed. Dindorfj pp. 47, 48.) The Influence of Enoch on the New Testament. The influence of Enoch on the New Testament has been greater than that of all the other apocryphal and pseud- epigraphal books taken together. The evidence for this conclusion may for the sake of convenience be arranged under two heads. (A) A series of passages of the New Testament which either in phraseology or idea directly depend on or are illustrative of passages in Enoch. (B) Doctrines in Enoch which had an undoubted share in moulding the corresponding New Testament doctrines. 42 The Book of Enoch. (A) We will begin with the General Epistles. I quote from the Eevised Version when a more accurate rendering is desirable. {a) S. Jude 4. Denying our only En. xlviii. 10. ' Denied the Lord Master and Lord. of spirits and His anointed.' Cf. xxxviii. 2 ; xli. 2 ; Ivii. 8. 6. 'The angels which kept En. x. 5, 6, 12, 13. not,' &c. 13. ' Wandering stars.' En. xviii. 15. 14. ' The seventh from Adam.' En. Ix. 8. 'The seventh from Adam.' 14, 15. A direct quotation En. i. 9; v. 4; xxvii. 2. from 1 S. Peter iii. 19, 20. En. x. 4. 5, 12, 13. iv. 17. ' Judgment to begin at En. i. 7. 'Judgment . . . over all the house of God.' the righteous.' 2 S. Peter ii. 4. (Observe how En. x. 4-6, 12, 13. appropriately Taprapaxras is used in connection with the fallen angels : Tartarus was originally the place of punishment of the Titans, iii. 13. 'A new heaven and a En. xlv. 4, 5 ; Ixxii. i ; xci. 16. new earth.' I S.Johnii.i. 'Jesus Christ the En. xxxviii. 2. ' The Eighteous righteous.' One.' ii. 8. 'The darkness is past En.lviii. 5. 'It has become bright and the true light,' &c. as the sun upon earth, and the darkness is past.' i. 7. 'Walk in the light.' En. xcii. 4. 'The righteous . . . will walk in eternal light.' [The contrast between light and darkness in S. John's Epistles repeatedly enforced in Enoch. See xxxviii. 4 (note).] iii. 2. ' We shall be like Him.' En. xc. 37, 38. S.James i. 8. 'Double-minded En. xci. 4. 'A double heart.' See man.' note. V. 1-6. Woes against the rich. En. xciv. 8-n with parallel (6) Book of Eewlation. — The writer or writers of this book are steeped in Jewish apocalyptic literature. General Introduction. 43 i?ev. i. 4. ' Seven spirits which are before His throne.' Of. iv. 5; viii. 2. ii. 7. ' To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life': also xxii. 2, 14, 19 ' the right to the tree of life." iii. 5. ' Clothed in white rai- ment.' 10. 'Them that dwell upon the earth.' En. xc. 21. 'Seven first white ones.' Cf. Tobit xii. 15. En. XXV. 4, 5. Only the elect in the Messianic kingdom are allowed to eat of the tree of life. En. xc. 31, 'Clothed in white.' En. xxxvii. 5. ' Those that dwell on the earth.' [This phrase has always a bad sense in Bevelation with the exception of xiv. 6. Cf. vi. 10 ; viii. 13 ; xi. 10 ; xiii. 8, 14 ; xvii. 8, and that in this respect Bevelation follows the use of this phrase in the Noaohic inter- polations, see En. xxxyii. 5 (note).] iii. 12. 'The New Jerusalem.' 20. 'I will come unto him and sup with him.' 21. 'Sit with Me on My throne.' Cf. xx. 4. iv. 6. ' Bound about the throne were four living creatures.' v. II. vi. 10. ' How long, Master, the holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth ? ' vi. 15, 16. Compare the fear of ' the kings of the earth, En. xc. 29. En. Ixii. 14.' (The righteous) will eat, and lie down, and rise up with that Son of man.' En. cviii. 12. 'I will seat each on the throne of his honour.' En. xl. 2. ' On the four sides of the Lord of Spirits I saw four presences.' En. xiv. 22 ; xl. i ; Ixxi. 8. En. xlvii. 2. ' The prayer of the righteous that it (i.e. the shedding of their blood) may not be in vain before the Lord of Spirits, that judgment may be done unto them, and that they may not have to suffer for ever.' Cf. xcvii. 3-5; xcix. 3, 16; civ. 3: also xxii. 5-7 where the souls of the righteous in Hades pray for vengeance. En. Ixii. 3, 5. 'The kings, and the mighty, and the exalted 44 The Book of Enoch. and the princes, and the chief captains, and the rich, and the strong ' when they see 'the face of him that sitteth on the throne.' Rev. vii. i. The four angels of the winds. 15. 'He that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among them.' 17. 'Shall guide them unto fountains of waters of life.' viii. 3, 4. Angel with golden censer of incense offers it with the prayers of the saints before God. In v. 8 the elders do so also. ix. r. 'I saw a star from heaven fallen unto the earth.' 20.' Repented not of the works of their hands that they should not worship demons, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood.' xii. 10. 'The accuser of our brethren is cast down.' xiii. 14. ' Deceiveth them that dwell on the earth.' xiv. 9, 10. The worshippers of the beast are to be ' tor- mented with fire and brim- stone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the lamb.' 10. 'Holy angels.' 20. ' Blood came out of the winepress even unto the horses' bridles.' . . . will be terrified . . . and pain will seize them when they see that Son of Man sitting on the throne of His glory.' En. Ixix. 22. ' The spirits of the winds.' En. xlv. 4. ' I will cause Thine Elect to dwell among them.' Eu. xlviii. I. This intercession of the angels is found frequently in Enoch, ix. 1-3, 10, ii; XV. 2; xl. 7; xlvii. 2 ; xcix. 3. En. Ixxxvi. I. 'And I saw . . . and behold a star fell from heaven.' En. xcix. 7. ' Others will make graven images of gold, and silver, and wood, and clay, and others will worship im- pure spirits and demons.' En. xl. 7. En. liv. 6. ' Leading astray those that dwell on the earth.' Cf. Ixvii. 7. En. xlviii. 8, 9. The unrighteous burn ' in the presence of the righteous.' En. passim. En, c. 3. ' The horses will walk up to the breast in the blood of sinners.' General Introduction. 45 Rev. xvi. 5. 'Angel of the En. Ix. 1 6. ' Spirit of the sea.' waters.' XX. 12. ' And the books were opened ' and ' another book was opened which is the book of life.' 13. ' The sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them.' ' The books were En. xc. 20. opened.' En. xlvii. 3. ' The books of the living.' En. li. I. 'The earth also will give back those that are treasured up within it, and Sheol also will give back that which it has received, and hell will give back that which it owes.' Cf. Ixi. 5. XX, 11-15. The last judgment is held after the temporary Messianic kingdom (xx. 4, j), just as in En. xci-civ. There is however no resur- rection in the temporary Messianic kingdom of Enoch as there is in Eevelatiou. 15. 'Cast into the lake of En. xc.26. ' Cast into that fiery fire.' abyss.' xxi. I, 2. We have here a new heaven and a new earth, and a new Jeru- salem coming down from heaven : yet in xxii. 14, 15 all classes of sinners are said to be without the gates of the city. But if there were a new earth, this would be impossible. This contradiction may have arisen from combining the divergent Messianic conceptions which appear in Enoch. Cf. xlv. 4, 5 ; xc. 29. (e) We shall next deal with the JEpisiles of S. Paul. This Apostle^ as we know, borrowed both phraseology and ideas from many quarters : from the Greek poets ; from the apocryphal writings, as the Book of Wisdom ; from the lost Revelation of Elias — i Cor. ii. 9 according to Origen, and Eph. V. 14 accorditg to Epiphanius. We shall find that he was well acquainted with and used the Book of Enoch. Jiom. viii. 38. 'Neither angels, En. Ixi. 10. 'Angels of power nor principalities, nor and angels of principalities.' powers.' ix. 5. ' God blessed for ever.' En.lxxvii. i. ' He that is blessed for ever.' I Cor. vi. 1 1. 'Justified in the En. xlviii. 7. ' Saved in his (i. e. name of the Lord Jesus.' the Messiah's) name.' 46 The Book of Enoch. xj. 10. TertuUiafl, 0. Marc. t. 8 ; ie Virg. Veland. "j, explains this Terse through a reference to the bad angels spoken of in Enoch who would be incited to wantonness by unveiled women. 2 Cor. iv. 6. ' To give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.' xi. 31. ' He who is blessed for ever.' Gal. i. 4. ' This present evil world.' Eph. i. 21. 'Above all princi- pality and power.' 9. 'According to His good pleasure.' V. 8. ' Children of light.' Phil. ii. 10. 'At the name of Jesus every knee should bow.' Col. i. 16. 'Principalities and powers.' ii. 3. 'In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.' I Thess. V. 3. ' Then sudden destruction cometh upon them as upon a woman with child.' En. xxxviii. 4. ' The light of the Lord of Spirits is seen on the face of the holy.' En. Ixxvii. r. ' He who is blessed for ever.' En. xlviii. 7. ' This world of un- righteousness.' En. Ixi. I o. ' The angels of power and the angels of principaU- ties.' En. xlix. 4. ' According to His good pleasure.' En. cviii. 11.' The generation of light.' En. xlviii. 5. 'Will fall down and bow the knee before Him' (i.e. the Messiah). En. Ixi. 10. 'The angels of power and the angels of principali- ties.' En. xlvi. 3. 'The Son of man . . . who reveals all the treasures of that which is hidden.' En. Ixii. 4. 'Then shall pain come upon them as on a woman in travail.' Both these passages refer to the sndden appearing of the Messiah. V. 5. ' Sons of light.' En. cviii. 11. ' The generation of light.' 2 Thess. '\. >] . ' The angels of His En. Ixi. 10. 'The angels of power.' power.' I Tim. i. 9. ' Law is not made En. xciii. 4. ' He will make a for a righteous man but for law for sinners.' the lawless,' &c. General Introduction. 47 I Tim. i. 15. 'Worthy of all ac- ceptation ' (of. iv. 9). V. 21. 'The elect angels.' vi. 15. ' King of Kings and Lord of Lords.' 16. Dwelling in, the light which no man can approach unto, whom no man hath seen.' En. xciv. I. ' Worthy of accepta- tion.' En. xxxix. I. 'Elect and holy children of the high heaven.' En. ix. 4. ' Lord of Lords . . . King of Kings.' En. xiv. 21. ' None of the angels could enter (there) and no man could behold the form of the face of the Honoured and Glorious One.' {(i) Ejmtle to the Hebrews, This Epistle was probably written by Barnabas. As we have seen above (p. 38) this writer cites Enoch as Scripture in the Epistle which goes by his name. Hebrews iv. 13. 'There is no creature that is not mani- fest in His sight : but all things are naked and laid open before the eyes of Him with whom we have to do.' xi. 5. ' Enoch was translated ... for before his transla- tion he had this testimony that he pleased God.' xi. 10. ' The city which hath foundations whose builder and maker is God ' (cf. xiii. 14). xii. 9. ' Father of spirits.' 22. 'The heavenly Jerusalem.' En. ix. 5. ' All things are naked and open in Thy sight, and Thou seest all things and nothing can hide itself from Thee.' The parallel passage must, it seems, depend on the Enoch book where Enoch is always accounted an example of righteousness and therefore translated. Cf. xv. i ; Ixxi. 14, &c. In Ecchis. xliv. 16 Enoch is translated indeed, but is cited as an example of repentance. Philo, De Abra- hamo, speaks of the former evil life of Enoch. En. xc. 29. 'Where God Himself builds the New Jerusalem.' ' Lord of spirits,' Similitudes. En. xc. 29. passim in 48 The Book of Enoch. (e) Acts of the Apostles. iii. 14. 'The Righteous One,' i.e. Christ. Cf. also vii. 52; xxii. 14. iv. 12. 'There is none other name under heaven . . . wliereby we must be saved.' X. 4. ' Thy prayers . . . are gone up for a memorial before God.' xvii. 31. 'He will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom He hath ordained.' (/) The Gospels. S. John ii. 16. The temple is called ' God's house,' but owing to sin of Israel ' your house,' i. e. merely bouse of "Israel. Cf. S. Luke xiii. 35 and parallels. V. 2 2 . 'He hath committed all judgment unto the Son.' 27. 'He gave him authority to execute judgment because he is the Son of Man.' xii. 36. ' Sons of light.' xiv. 2. ' Many mansions.' S.Luke\.^2. 'He hath put down princes from their thrones.' ix. 35. 'This is My Son, the Elect One.' So Greek 6 iC by ' God,' and X7aK by ' Lord.' The former word is at times a rendering of o Kvpios, and at times of d 5cds in the LXX. It occurs ten times in Enoch. /S.?"'lh=d 6ios is found nine times. Vision of the Holy One. So BG **n and the Giz. Gk. Other MSS. 'holy vision.' I. 1. The elect and righteous. similar designations of God see v. 3. This designation is found also in The change from the third to the iiist xxxviii. 2, 3, 4; xxxix. 6, 7 ; xlviii. i ; person in this- verse, is of ii-eqnent lviii.1,2; lxi.13; Ixii.i2,i3,i6;lxx. occurrence in this book: of. xii. 1-3; 3. 2. The Holy One. For this and xxxvii. 1,2; Ixx. 1-3 ; Ixxi. 5 ; xcii. I . 58 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. the _elect I spake, and uttered a parable concerning them : the Holy and Great One will come forth from His dwelling, the God of the world. 4. And going from thence He will tread on Mount Sinai and appear with His hostSj and in the strength of His might appear from heaven. 5. And everyone will be smitten with fear, and the watchers will quake, and great fear and trembling will seize them unto the ends of the earth. 6. And the high mountains will be shaken, and the high hills will be made low, and will melt like wax before the flame. 7. And the earth will be rent and all that is upon the earth will perish, and there wiU be a judgment upon everything and upon all the righteousj 8. But to the righteous He will give peace and will protect 3. Uttered a parable concerning them : the Holy One. So G omitting the H in Dln.'s text, and the Giz. Gk. aviKa^ov ri\v napa^oKriv fiov. Din., misled by the H and taking yhA as a, preposition, translates : ' conversed concerning them with the Holy One.' 7. The earth will be rent. 80 G ^U»mT and the Giz. Gk. hmaxi-aBwfTai. Other MSS. 'tvm^ ' will sink In xci-oiv these changes are confus- here and in x. 9, 15 ; xii. 2, 4; xiii. ing. 3. The elect. This designa- lo ; xiv. I, 3 ; xv. 2 ; xvi. L, 2 ; xci. 15. tion belongs mainly to the Similitudes. In xx, i ; xxxix. 1 2 , 1 3 ; xl. 2 ; Ixi. 1 2 ; It is found in i. 8; V. 7; xxv. 5; xl. Ixxi. 7 it designates the archangels. 5; xli. 2; xlvili. I, 9; li. 5; Ivi. 6, >ft* may be either 2nd Pars. PI. Future I. i='ye will lose, be bereft of'=a7ro- a-Tept]6ricrea-6e, or 3rd Pers. PI. Present III. i=' They are perishing.' Din. takes it to be the latter. But the present tense is out of place between two futures. The years of your destruction. The words are drawn from the Giz. Gk., having dropped out of the Ethiopic MSS., but the text of G implies them, giving flC7«n'1* III. On the foui'teen evergreen spoken. The charge of blasphemy is trees of. Din. in Zoc. frequent in xoi-civ. Cf. xci. 7, 11; v. 4. The law of the Lord. Cf. xoiv. 9 ; xovi. 7 ; c. 9. Hardhearted, xcix. 2. 'The eternal law.' Proud Cf.xcTJii. 11; c. 8 'obstinate of heart.' and hard words. Cf. xxvii. 2 ; ci. 3. Ye will find no peace. This phrase From these passages the close of occurs in Sects, i-xxxvi. and xci-oiv St. Jude 15 is drawn. Cf. Ps. xii. 4 ; only : i. 8 ; v. 4 ; xii. 5 ; xiii. i ; xvi. Dan. vii. 8, 11, 20. Slanderously 4; xoiv. 6; xcviii. 11, 15; xcix. 13; / Sect. I.] Chapters TV—V. 6i tiplied in eternal execration and ye will find no mercy. 6. In those days ye shall give your name for an eternal execration unto all the righteous, and they will evermore exe- crate you as sinners — you together with (all other) sinners. 7. But for the elect there will be light and joy and peace, aiid they will inherit the- earth : but upon you, ye ungodly, there will be execration. 8. Then too will wisdom be bestowed on the elect, and they will all live and never again sin, either through heedlessness or through pride, but they who are wise will be humble nor fall again into sin. 9. And they will not be punished all the days of their life, nor will they die of plagues or visitations of wrath, but they will complete the full number of the days of their life, and their lives will grow old in peace, and the years of their joy will be many, in eternal happiness and peace all the days of their life. 'will be multiplied in eternal execration.' Later scribes, finding no subject for the verb in this clause, omitted the preposition and read aoCiy ; hence Dln.'s text, ' eternal execration will be mul- tiplied upon you.' 6. Te shall give your name for an eternal execration unto all the righteous, reading fIflD with G instead of rt'lfl" with all other MSS. but M. If we accept the other reading, we are to translate : ' Ye shall give up your peace to become an eternal execration.' The phrase appears to be drawn from Isaiah Ixv. 15, 'Ye shall leave your name for a curse unto My chosen,' 'Tnab n^o??!) qsbb' aririin). The Giz. Gk. supports G. ci. 3; cii. 3; cidi. 8. 7. The tem- 352) has already seen, vi. 3-8; -viii. poral blessings proi£ised in the O.T. 1-3; ix. 7 ; x. 11 belong to a Sem- are here renewed, but on the question jaza cycle of myths ; for in these pas- /- of Sheol and the Eesurreotion the sages Semjaza is represented as chief writer has forsaken O.T. ground. and Azazel tenth in command : as also S.'Willwisdombe bestowed on the in Ixix. a. Elsewhere in Enoch Aza- elect : see xlii. 1, 2. 9. Cf. Is. zel is chief and Semjaza is not men- Ixv. 20, 22; Zech. viii. 4; En. xxv. 4, tioned. Again x. 1-3 belongs to an 5 (note). Apocalypse of Noah, many fragments VI-XI. The abruptness with which of which are found in Enoch. An- vi-xi are introduced, is quite in other fragment of this Apocalypse is keeping with the fragmentary and preserved by Synoellus in the Greek ; composite nature of the rest of the but to this there is no corresponding Section. As Din. (Herzog, B. E. xii. text in the Ethiopio. 62 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. VI. I . And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied in those days that beautiful and comely- daughters were bom unto them. 2. And the angels^ the sons of the heavens, saw and lusted after them^ and spake to one another, ' Come, now let us choose us wives from among the children of men and beget children.'' [3. And Semjaza who was their leader spake unto them : ' I fear ye will not indeed agree to do this deed and then I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin.' 4. Then answered they all unto Fragments of the Greek Version of Enoch preserved in the Chronography of G. Syncellus. Ed. by Dindorf, 1839. 'Ek toC ■npoj3ovfiai jxri ov de\rj(rriT€ ■noifjcrai t6 irpayfjia tovto, kol eaopiai lya lJ,6vos 6(f>eLK4Tr]s ajxaprias jxeyd- Arjs. Kal oLTreKpldrjaav avrio VI. 3. Pay the penalty of a great sin. So G M £.^1: ([■pm.hrV: OflJ& and the Giz. and Syn. Gk. o^eiXcVijs d/iaprias p,eya\ris. Other VI. 2. Sons of the heavens. Cf. ziii. 8; xiv. 3; xxxix. i. See xv. 1-7. Cf. ' Sons of the holy augels,' Ixxi. 1 ; V. 6 ' Descended in the days of Jared.' See Crit. Note. The entire myth of the angels and the daughters of men in Enoch springs originally from Gen. vi. 1-4, where it is said that ' the sons of God came in to the daughters of men.' These words are not to be taken as expressing alliances between the Sethites and the Cainites, I but as belonging to a very early myth : of Persian origin to the effect that I demons had corrupted the earth before i the coming of Zoroaster and had allied themselves with women. So Delltzsoh, Neuer Cotnmentar uber d. Genesis, 1887, pp. 146-^. The LXX originally rendered the words ' sons of God ' by SyyeXoi toB 0eou, and this rendering is found in Philo, de Giganlibus, Euse- bius, Augustine, and Ambrose. This view of Gen. vi. 1-4 was held by most of the early fathers. On the myths regarding the intercourse of angels with the daughters' of men, see Griinbaum in ZDM&. xxxi. 225 ff. (Kef eiTed to by Delitzsoh.) For state- ments of later writers either depend- ing directly on this account in Enoch or harmonizing with it, cf. Joseph. Ant. i. 3. I; Philo, de CHgantibua; Test. Reuben 5 ; Napth. 3 ; Justin MsbTtyT,Apol.i. 6; Ps. Clemens, J?om. viii. 13; Clem. Alex. Sirom. v. 1. 10; Tert. De Vvrg. VelanA. vii; AAv. Marc. V. 18; De Idol.is.; IjSjai.InsUt. Sect. I.] Chapter VI. i-6. 63 him and spake: 'Let us all swear an oath, and bind our- selves by mutual imprecations not to abandon this plan but to carry it into execution/ 5. Then sware they all to- gether and bound themselves by mutual imprecations to its fulfilment ; and they were in all two hundred. 6. And they descended in the days of Jared on the summit of TTaires koX {inov, Sfwiroifiev &7ravT€s opK(f Kol avadefiaTicrco- \j,iv aSX-qkavs tov ^i.r\ airocTTpi- ■yjfttL T-qv yvdfjLTjv TavTrjv, jue'xpis ov aiioTe\i(Ta>ixiv avT-ffV. Tore ■navTes dljuocrai' 6/xo{i kolX avede- ficLTia-av &.X\ri\ovs. ^Ha-av be ovToi biaKoaioi 01 Kara^dvTfs kv Tois fif/,epais 'lapeS els rriv Kopv^7]V TOV 'KpixovLelix opovs Kot eKiiXecrav rd opos Epp-dp,, MSS. 'Pay the penalty of this great sin.' g. Bound them- selves by mutual imprecations.' So G M and the Giz. and Syn. Gk. Other MSS. insert 'all.' 'They all bound themselves,' &c. 6. Descended in the days of Jared. I have here followed the Greek text ol Kara^avres iv rats ^fiepais 'idpet els Trjv Kopv<^rjv tov 'EppovLflfx opovs. The Ethiopic text reads : ' descended on Ardis which is the summit of Mt. Hermon.' The name Ardis, otherwise unknown, is to be explained with Din. as a compression of 'lapfS els, the translator not having found ev tois ruiepms in Ms text. Hallevi in the Journal Asiatique, Avi"il-Mai 1867, pp. 356—357, reproduces • this verse in Hebrew, whereby we see at a glance, why the angels descended in the days of Jared — from 11'' to descend, and why it was that they bound themselves by mutual oaths on Hermon — from Qin a curse. ^VBB'j 13 '3 jiDin -\rh wip^i pDin in m-i b'S li'; ''O''? iiiiii Dn''j;a icifiDl Cf Book of Jubilees iv : ' Jared ; for in his days the angels of the ii. 15; Commodian. Instruct, i. 3. In the De Civ. Dei xv. 23, Augustine combats this view, and denies the in- spiration of Enoch, which is upheld by Tertullian. 6. Descended in tlie days of Jared. See Crit. Note ; also cvi. 13. Din. refers also to Orig. Com- ment, in Joann. torn. viii. p. 132, ed. Hnet ; Epiph. adv. Haer, i. 4, ed. Petav, torn. i. p. 4. The reasons for the descent of the angels in the Book of Jubilees differ from those given in this chapter. In iv and v of that book it is stated that the watchers were sent to the earth by God ' to instruct the children of men to do judgment and uprightness,' and that when so doing they began to lust after the daughters of men. This form of the myth seems to be followed in Test. 64 The Book Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, be- cause they had sworn and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 7- And these are the names of their leaders : Semjaza, their leader, Ur^kibarS,meel, Kokabiel, Ta- miel, RS,muel, Danel, Zaqilo, Saraqujal, Asael, Arm§,r6s, Batraal, Anani, Zaqebe, Sam- s&veel, Sartaelj Turel, Jom jael, ArazjS,l. 8. These are their chiefs of tens, and all the others were with them.] VII. I. And they took unto themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in unto them and they mixed with them, of Enoch. [Sect. I. Koflon &iJi,o(rav koL avedeixaTKrav dAX^Aous ep airu. koI ravra TO ovofxara t&v apxovt^v avr&v' a' Sejuiiafas 6 apx_(>>v avr&v. P' 'ATapKa6(j). y 'ApaKirjK. b' X.a)j3al3iriK. e' 'Opap,p,ap.ri. r' 'PofitjjX. C 2ajLi\/ft)(. 7j Za/ci^A.. 0' BoXki?j\. t' 'Afa\f?)\. la' ^app,ap6s. ij3 'Ap.apn^)\.. ly' ^ AvayriiJ,ds. tS' ©avaaqk. le' Sa/iiiijA.. ir'Sapiray. tf Ei/ntijX. i,jj' TvpLrjX. i6' 'Iovp,Lri\. k 2api^A.. OSroi Kol oi Xonroi ■JT6.vTes ev T<3 ^(tXtooTM eKaroa-Ta ej3boij,riKoaT(S erei tov koVjuou e\a^ov kavTois yvvaiKas Koi rjp^avTO jxiaLveadai Iv avTois Lord descended on the earth.' 8. These are their chiefs of tans. So G On.&ti ^WCF: H.ftlFflH« and M, but that for the first word it reads rhfl^+0i>". So also the Giz. Gk. oSroi elariv apxai ahrav ol Scko, which, as M. Bouriant proposes, should be emended into ovTol fla-iv oi SeKopxoi auTav. The Syn. Gk. omits. These twenty dekarchs are over the 200 angels mentioned in verse 5. On the other hand the Giz. Gk. omits the rest of this verse, hut the Syn. Gk. gives it. Thus G M point to a text anterior to that of either Greek fragment. All other MSS. but G M give a corrupt reading ' chiefs of the two hundred angels.' Eenben v. In Enoch the angels are said to have descended through their lust for the daughters of men, and the E^ame reason is given in Jalkiit Scliim. Beresch. 44. See Weber, Lehren d. Talmud 244. Against this and other statements of Enoch there is an im- plicit polemic in the Book of Jubilees. In later tradition (Eisenmenger Ent- iieckt. Jud. ii. 387) the reason that Azazel could not return to heaven was that he hivd outstayed tlie limit of time assigned to angelic visitants to earth — seven days. 7. This list contains eighteen names ; Ixix. 2 twenty-one ; the Greek gives twenty. They differ considerably from each other. Sin. makes an elaborate at- tempt at harmonizing them, pp. 93, 94. VII. The Ethiopia and Greek vary considerably in this and the following chapter. The notes of time given in Sect. I.] Chapters VI. and taught them charms and enchantments, and made them acquainted with the cutting of roots and of woods. 2. And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants, whose height was three thou- sand ells. 3. And these consumed all the acquisitions of men till men could no longer sustain them. 4. Then the giants turned them against mankind in order to devour them. 5. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, and fish, and to devour one another's flesh, and drink thfe blood there- of. 6. Then the earth com- plained of the unrighteous ones. VIII. [i. And Azazel taught T — VIII. I. 65 ^coy Tov KaTaKkva-ixov.^Kai erfKov avTols yivri rpta' irp&Tov ylyav- ras p.eyaKovs. ot 6e yiyavres heKvaia-av Na(^?j\et/.i) Kat rois Na(/)?j\et/ii eyeviirjdrja-av 'E\iov8. Kai T^Taz; av^avofievoi Kara rTJv IxeyaXeioT-qTa avT&v, /cat khlba- ^av kavTov'S KOi, ras yvvaiKas kavT&v (jiapiMZKeCas Kal k'naoi- hias. Ilpdiroy 'AfaTjX 6 Sexaros rS>v ap\ovTCi>v ibCba^e Troteii' fiaxalpas Kol 6avLr s, KOI TO, k^rjs. Kal TavTa jxev 6 'Ei'&))( ixaprvpei. 'Ek tov \6yov 'Evu^. Ta koiira irepi eypriyopcov. (G. Syncellus. S. 43-47.) Hen. 8, 4-10, 14. Tore k^6r)crav 01 S.vQp(avoi els TOV ovpavhv KeyovTes, elcr- aydyeTe ttjz^ Kpiaiv ijix&v itpos TOV ij\\na-Tov, koa, t7\v cmdkeiav riix&v ivdiTiov rrjs 8o£»js rrjs fieydXrjs, kvdmiov tov Kvplov T&v Kvpioov irdvTODV rrj p,eya- Kttxruvrj. Kctl hKOVcravTes 01 Teaaapes fieyAXoi apxdyyeXoi Mi)(ari\ Kal OvpiriX Kal 'Pa^a^X Kal ra/3pt^X irapiKV^av liri ttjv yrjv iK T&v ayiatv tov ovpavov. Kal Oeacrafievoi aXfia iroAw eKKexvp-evov eitl T7\s y^s koI TTCurav &vop.iav Kal ao'e^eiav yivopLevriv eir' avTrjs, elaekBov- res et-nov itpbs hKKr{Kovs, on ra Sect. I.] Chapter IX. 3-6. 69 3. And now to you, ye holy ones of heaven, complain the souls of men, saying, "procure us justice with the Most High." ■" 4. And they spake to their Lord the King: ' Lord of Lords, God of Gods, King of Kings, the throne of Thy glory (standeth) unto all the generations of the ages, and Thy name holy and glorious unto all the ages : blessed and glorious art Thou ! 5. Thou hast made all things and over all things hast Thou dominion : and all things are naked and open in Thy sight, and Thou seest all things and nothing can hide itself from Thee. 6. See then what Azazel hath done, how he hath taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the secret things of the world which were wrought in the heavens. nvevfiaTa koX al ■\jrv-)(al r&v avOpdiTciiv evTvyxavovcri a-reva- Covra Kot keyovra, ela-aydyere TTiv birjtTiv fjfx&v TTpds rdv H^i- (TTov. Kal TTpoa-eXdovres 01 Tecrcrapes apxdyyeXoi etitov t(2 KVpCca, ai) ei dfbs j&v 6e&v koI Kvpws T&v Kvplai) Koi I3acn\ew T&v l3acrLKev6vTO>v Kal d(6s r&v avdputTTiav, Koi 6 Opovos rfji bo^rjs (Tov els itda-as ras yeveas T&v aiavoov, Kal t6 Svoixd (tov ayiov Kal €vXoyrfp,ivov ds Trdv- Ta9 Tovs al&vas' av yap et 6 TTOtTjo-os TO, iravTa koI irdvrwv Tr]v e^ova-Cav exmv, Kal Ttavra ivdiriov aov ^avepa Kal uku- Avvrra, Kal iravra opas, koi ovk ea-TLv b KpvjSrjvaC (re bvvaTai. opqs oa-a eirotTjtrej) 'A^ar]k, Kal ocra elcrqveyKev, oa-a ebCba^ev, ahiKias Kai aixaprCas firl rfjs yrjs, Kal TtAvra bokov em rfjs ^rjpas. fbCba^e yap to. pvarripia KOL aTtsKokv^e r<3 aimvi. to. ev ovpava. eTnrrjbevova-L be to. eitirr]bevp.aTa avTov, elbevai to. IX. 4. Their Lord the King : so all MSS. but GM, which give ' the Lord of Kings.' Unto all the ages. So GM omitting '^tD-A.fi and Greek els namas roiis alavai. All other MSS. 'unto all the genera- tions of the world.' 6. Revealed the secret things of the world Tc(|os riiv yriv aolKtirov. 3. Holy ones : see i. 9 (note). Most High : see xolx. 3 (note). 4. The prayer of the angels is fuller in the Syn. Gk., and a still more rhetorical form of it is found in IzxziT. 2, 3. 6. AU unrighteousness on earth : cf. vii. I. The secret things, &c. What these are is not told. 7. An in- terpolation from the same source as vi. 3-8; viii. 1-3; see p. 61. The Syu. Gk. seems to be defective here. 70 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. [7. And SemjazS, to whom Thou hast given authority to bear rule over his associates has made known enchantments.] 8. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the earth, and have slept with them, with those women, and defiled themselveSj and revealed these sins unto them. 9. And the women have borne giants, and the whole earth has thereby been filled with blood and unrighteousness. 10. And now behold, the spirits of the souls which have died, are crying and complaining to the gate of heaven, and their lamentations are ascending : ixvcrrripia ot viol t&v hvOpd-nwv. T& Sefxtafo Tr]v i^ovcriav eSoj- Kas iyeiv T&v (Tvv avTv ■^x'''" ™'' "to^o- 8, 9. Cf. Justin, Apol. ii. S Oi S^ S77CA01 — yvvaiKuv fii^effiv TirTi\6r\aav KoX itou^as ir^Kt/affaVj ot eiffiv ot \ey6' fiivoi Salfioves — Koi els avSpdirovs ^(i- vovs, voKefiovs, fioix^ias—Kul iraffav KaKiav eirireipav. 10. The spirits of the souls, &c. See Crit. Note. They cannot escape from, &a. The Ethiopio is here superior to the Greek. The intercession of the angels on man's behalf which appears in this cliapter and is found also in xv. 2; xl. 6; xlvii. 2; xcix. 3, 16; civ. 1, is an O.T. doctrine ; of. Job v. i ; xxxiii. 23 ; Zeoh. i. 12. It was evidently a popular doctrine. Cf. Tobit xii. :2 'Eyi irpotriiyayov rh fi,vrifi6ffvvov t?s vpoffevxvs ifitoy ivdyjriov tov ayiov (contrast Acts x. 4); also xii. 15 iydi el/jLi *Po^a^\ els ix r&v lirrct ayioiv h,yy4Kwv ot ■Kpoffava^ipovffiThsirpoffev- X^s Tav aylwv : Eev. viii. 3 ; Test. Levi 3 : also 5 iyii el/ii 6 &yye\os i TTopaiToifievos rh ytuos 'IffpaiiK. Sect. I.] Chapters IX. ^ — X. 2. 71 and they cannot escape from i^ekOeiv aird upoa-ianov t&v e-nl the unrighteousness which is wrought on the earth. 11. And thou knowest all things before they come to pass, and Thou knowest this thing and every thing affecting them, and yet Thou didst not speak to us. What are we therefore to do in regard to this ?' X. I . [Then spake the Most High, the Great and Holy One, and sent Arsjalaljur to the son of Lamech and said to him : a. ' Tell him in My name " hide thyself ! ", and reveal to him the end that is approaching: for the whole earth will be destroyed, and a deluge will presently come t upon the whole earth, and all that is on it will be de- Kot av avT^ olbas irpo rap avra yevierdai kol Spas avTovs kw, ^as aiiTO'is, koI ovbev Kiyeis. Ti bei ■noirjcrai avrovs Trepl tov- Tov ; Tore 6 rAJna-Tos ehe Koi 6 S,yios 6 fj-eyas eAdAijo-e, koi eTrefi-^e rdv OvpirjK irpos rdv vldv Aa/xe)( keyiov, iropevov irpos TOP NSe KOL eiiroz/ avr^ t "''' '^V> '^'oyj\v oxtov ets CmTV crvvTr]priariX., koi bijaov r6v'Afai/X, X«po'i KOL TTOcrl aviJ.irobicrov av- Tov, Koi ^ii^aXe avTov eis to (TKOTOS, KOi aVOl^OV TTJV IpiJ/XOl" TTjV ov(Tav fv TTJ fprnMif AovbarjX, Koi exei TTopevd fis I3d\€ avrov KOL VTToBes airu kldovs ofeis Kal kCdovs TpaxiiS) koI eiri- KdX.v\j/ov avT, Kal iv tjj rifxipa Tjjs KpCa'ecos a.Trayfd'qa-eTai its Tdv ipi.TTvpicrnbv tov Ttvpos' X. 1 Tor all generations. So G M reading CUttPaO". 'Vat^Sr. Din. arid other MSS. except N give 'for all the earth': cf. the Gk. 3. The Syn. Gk. is much fuller. 4-8. The task deputed to Rafael or Ra- phael. 4. Azazel as the chief offender and leader is first punished. The preliminarypunishinent of Azazel is described in vv. 4, 5 : the final one in V. 6. Azazel was conceived as chained in the wilderness into which the scape-goat was led. The Jerusa- lem Targum (Ps. Jonathan) on Levi- ticus says that ' the goat was sent to die in a hard and rough place In the wililerness of jagged rocks, i.e. Beth Chaduda.' This Beth Chaduda was three miles, or according to another account, twelve miles from Jerusalem. This is clearly the Dudael mentioned in this verscj and it is thus a definite locality in the neighbourhood of Jeru- salem. See Judische ZeitecArift f, Wissemchaftund Leben 1864, pp. 196- 204. Cf. Lev. xvi. 10, 22. 5. Place upon him. The Greek gives iw68es avr$, but this is probably a slip for iwiSes avrf. For ever. Like EIS rhv aiiava, of which the Ethiopic text is an exact rendering, this phrase has no definite meaning in itself. It may denote according to the con- text an unending period ; or a period of seventy generations, as here; cf. V. 13 ; or a period of five hundred years, as in v. 10. 6. Qreat da7 of judgment : see xlv. 2 (note). This judgment inaugurates the final punish- ment of the angels. The fire: see Sect. I.] Chapter X> 3-9. 7. And heal the earth which V:, the angels have defiled, and proclaim the healing of the earth, that I will heal the earth, and that all the children of men shall not perish through all the secret things that the watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. 8. And the whole earth has been defiled through the teaching of the works of Azftzel: to him ascribe all the sin/ 9. And to Gabriel said God : ' Pro- ceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication : and destroy the children of fornication, and the children Kat tan-ai r^v yrjv r)v rjfjxivia-av 01 iyprjyopoi, kol t^d taaiv Trjs TiXrjyrjs bj]\aia-ov, Xva lacrcovraL TTjv TtXriyriv, Koi jurj diroXtoiTat Trazres 01 viol t5>v avOpcairiav, ^v Tu jxva-TTjpiif b fLTTOv 01 eyprj- yopoi KoX khiha^av tovs vlovs avT&v, KoX -qprfpLciOri iraara fj yfj ev ToXs epyois rfjs bibaa-KuXias AfarjA." /cat eir' avrfj yp6.\\rov iraaas ray aftaprias. kw, tw raj8pt^\ et'Tre, nopevov Ta^pu\\ IttI tovs yiyavras eirl tovs k(/3- brjXovs, fin tovs vlovs rrjs Ttop- veias, Kai aiioKecrov tovs viovs T&v iypjiyopatv airo t&v vl&v nda-as tos yiveas tov alavos. 7. Proclaim the healing of the earth, that I will heal the earth. The Syn. Gk. gives Ttjv latriv ttjs TrXijy^r S^Xttxrov, tva IdaavTai ttjv ff Xijyiji'. Thus, as the word rendered ' earth ' in the Ethiopic appears as n-Xiyy^ in the Gk., it is most probable that the Hebrew word was 730 which means ' earth ' when punctuated ■'3?, a 'pollution' when punctuated P^^. Disclosed. All MSS. read ^i'ft' ' have slain '; the translator found iirara^av as in the Giz. Gk. which is a corruption of eiriraaav. The Syn. Gk. gives «7roy. 8. To him. So the Giz. Gk. The Syn. Gk. gives ' to it.' 9. Bastards. So also the Giz. Gk. which gives a corrupt trans- xviii. 11; xix; xxi. 7-10. 7. The command given to Kaphael is such as his name suggests from KBl 'to heal.' Cf. Tob. iii. 17; xii. 14. 8. Obseive how all sin is ascribed to the fallen angels. 9, 10. The destruc- tion of the giants through Gabriel. The account here is followed closely by the Book of Jubilees v. The giants slay each other in the presence of their parents : cf. xiv. 6. The latter are then bound in the abysses of the earth, and their power of hurting the earth is at an end : cf. xiv. 5. But this is not so with the spirits of the giants. They enjoy an impunity in 74 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. of the watchers from amongst men : lead them out and send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle : for length of days they shall not have. lo. And no re- quest that they (i. e. their fathers) make of thee will be granted unto their fathers on their behalf although they- hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live five hundred years, [ii. And the" Lord said unto Michael : ' Go, announce to Semjaza and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. j 1 2. When all their sons have slain one an- tS)v avdpdiraiv. Tre/jAJfov avroiis els a,X\ri\ovs, e^ avT&v els av- Toijs, ev TToAe'/io) koa ev cnrcoXeCq, Koi naKpoTT^s rjixepmv ovk eorai avTois, Koi Tiacra epdrrjcns ovn ecTi Tois nwrpacnv avr&v, on eXirtCova-L (rjaai, foo^i' al(&viov, Kol ort ^Tjererat e/caoros avTW ?r?j TtevTaKocna. koL t(^ Mi- Xa^A. elite, vopevov MixaijA, 8^0-01' Sejuiafav Koi rovs aXXovs aiiv avT(f, rovs (Tvp,p.iyevias Tois Ovyarpacn t5>v avOpiiKav tov p,iavQrjvai ^v avTois ev rfj &Ka9- apcriq avT&v. Koi orav Kora- (T(^ay&(Ti.v ot viol avT&v, km literation of the Hebrew word, i.e. fia^rjpeovs, i o. No request that they make of thee will be granted unto their fathers. So GrM reading ItlP, instead of h'-flfff"' as Din. So the Syn. Gk.: iracra ipiiTrjms ovK ea-Ti Tois iraTpcunv avTwv, but M by a slip XflflOj /iLJ&h(D-l instead of athS-^VD-lt, or (OKfi-Yt-l with G. Although they hope to live an eternal life. So G K M : K?ltn>: f-HiJO,; j&rhf 01.: ihf-Wf\ Hrt^rty". So the Gk. : eKirl^ovcri Crja-m fw^v alaviov. Other MSS. and Din. omit the fi-tMOL ' Though they hope for an eternal Hfe.' II. And the liord said unto Michael: 'Go, announce.' So G F H L : .fcftft": X7H.K: rfvC: hf-^&O. Other MSS. and Din. omit dhC, but wrongly : cf. the Greek ■nopeiov. Instead of announce the wrongdoing till the final judgment: see XV. ii-xvi. An eternal life, i. e. five hundred years : see v. 5 (note). Touching the prayer of the angels, of. xii. 6 ; xiii. 4-6 ; xiv. 7- 11. This verse is an interpolation : see p. 61 ; vv. 9-16 describe the task assigned to Gabriel. 12. Slain Sect. I.] Chapter other, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast under the hills of the earth for seventy generations till the day of their judgment and of their consummation, till the judgment which is for ever and ever is consummated. 13. In those days they will be led ofE to the abyss of fire : in torment and in prison will they be confined for ever and ever. 14. And whoso- ever shall be condemned and from thenceforward be de- stroyed with them, will be bound together with them to the end of all generations. X. 10-14. 75 ISftxri ri]v omdiktiav t&v a.yanr\- tSv aiiT&v, brjcrov avroi/s firl f^boiJi'qKovTa yeveas els ray vairas Trjs yrjs, fie^pi fjixepas Kpia-etas avT&v, jue'xpt rfjiipas Tekea-dfj Kpljxa tov aXSivos t&v alcivcov. TOTS aTreve\6ricrovTaL els TO x<^os TOV TTVpos KOI els TTjv Pacravov koX eis rd bea-[ji.co- rripiov TTJs (TvyK\.et(rea>s tov ai&vos. Koi OS &v KaTaKpidrj KOI acpavKrOy airo tov vvv (jLeT avT&v, bfdrja-eTai ne^pi re\ei(o- creu>s yfvms avT&v. Syn. Gk. gives Sfjo-ov, but this is an error for SfiKaa-ov. See the Giz. Gk. 14. And whosoever shall be condemned and from thenceforward be destroyed with them, will be bound together (with them) to the end of all. generations. I have followed the Syn. Gk. The Ethiopic runs : ' And forthwith he will bum and thenceforward suffer destruction with them : they will be bound together to the end of all generations.' The singular in ' he will burn ' is mean- ingless, as we have here only to do with the entire body of watchers. The Syn. Gk. gives at once excellent sense and explains the origin of the Ethiopic corruption : 6s &v KaTaKpidfj Kai atpaviaO^ otto tov vvv fifT avTotVj dfdr)fT€TaL fiexpt TeXetoxreojp yeveas avrSiV, KaraKpidrj =^ ' be con- demned,' in connexion with the fiery abyss in the preceding line, one another : cf. xii. 6 ; sir. 6 ; Book of Jubilees v. The binding of the angels under the hills seema to be an idea derived fi'om the Greek myths of the Titans. Seventy generations. This period has no connexion with the Apoo. of weeks. See Spec. Introd. of xoi-civ. With vv. 5, 12 cf. Jude 6. 13. Abyss of fire, i. e. the same as that mentioned in v. 6 ; xviii. 11; xix; xxi. 7-10; xo. 24. 14. See Crit. Note : cf. xix. 2. 76 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. 15. And destroy all the lustful souls, and the children of the watchers, because they have oppressed mankind. 16. De- stroy all oppression from the face of the earth and let every evil work come to an end : and the plant of righteousness and uprightness will appear, labour will prove a blessing: righteousness and uprightness will be established in joy for evermore. 17. And then will all the righteous escape and will live till they beget a thousand children, and all the days of their youth and their old age (lit. sabbath) will they complete in peace. 18. And in those days will the whole earth be tilled in righteousness and will all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 19. And all desirable trees will be planted on it, and vines will be planted on it : the vine which is planted thereon will yield wine in abundance, and of all the seed which is sown thereon will each measure bear ten thousand, and each measure of olives will yield ten presses of oil. ao. And cleanse thou the earth from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness, and from all uncleanness which is wrought upon the earth ; could easily be taken by the translator for KaraKau55=be burned, and so give rise to the present EtMopic text. Eightly translated then, the verse refers to the women who are to be destroyed with the fallen watchers. Cf. xix. 2. KaTaKavBfi is the reading of the Giz. Gk. 15. Destroy, &o. The writer is still has here gone over wholly to a descrip- deseribing the duties of Grabriel, i. e. tion of the MeBsianic times. The the destruction of the giants and the picture is a very sensuous one. Their imprisonment of the fallen watchers. old age : cf. xxv. 3, 4 (note). 18, 16. Plant of righteousness, i. o. 19. The future is depicted after 0. T. Israel. Israel springs from a seed prophesy. Cf. Amos ix. 13, 14; Hos. that 'is sown' by God, Ixii. 8 : hence ii. 22, 23 ; Jer. xxxi. 5 ; Is. xxv. 6 ; it is established as ' a plant of the Ezek. xxviii. 26 ; xxxiv. 26, 27. Will seed for ever,' Ixxxiv. 6, is called ' the each measure bear, &o. : cf. Is. v. plant of uprightness,' xciii. 2, ' the 10, and the chiliastic expectations of plant of righteousness,' xciii. 5, 'the Papius in Iren. adv. Saer. v. 33. eternal plant of righteousness,' xciii. 20. This verse could be interpreted 10, and finally ' the plant of rigliteous of the deluge, but it seems better to judgment,' xciii. 5. 17. The writer refer it, as the verses before and after. Sect. I.] Chapters X. IS— XII. ^. 77 destroy them from off the earth. ai. And all the children of men shall become righteous, and all nations shall offer Me adoration and praise, and all will worship Me. aa. And the earth will be cleansed from all corruption, and from all sin, and from all punishment and torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it, from generation to genera- tion, for ever. XI. I. And in those days I will open the store chambers of blessing which are in the heaven, so as to send them down upon the earth over the work and labour of the children of men. a. Peace and justice will be wedded throughout all the days of the world and throughout all the generations of the world. XII. I. And before all these things fell out Enoch was hidden, and no one of the children of men knew where he was hidden, and where he abode, and what had become of him. a. And all his activities had to do with the holy ones and with the watchers in his days. 3. And I Enoch was blessing the great Lord and the king of the world, when lo ! the watchers called me — Enoch the scribe — and spake to me. ('%) Enoch thou scribe of righteousness, go, announce to theSmchers of the heaven who have abandoned the high heaven and the holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women. to the Messianic kingdom. 21. The sleep and is transported in spirit unto conversion of the Gentiles ; of. xe. 30 heayen, xiv. 2 : speaks with a tongue (note). 22. In corrupt MSS. there of fleah, xir. 2 : and is terrified, like a is a reference to the deluge here. mortal man, at the presence of God, XI. 1. This chapter concludes an xir. 24. MTas hidden is the Ethiopic account of the Messianic kingdom. Of. translation of np? and /lereflrj/cev : cf. Dent, xxviii. 12. 2. Cf. Ixxxy. 10; Ixxi. i, 5. 2. Holy ones : see i. 9 Is. xxxii. 1 7. (note). "Watchers : see i. 5 (note). XII-XVI. On these chapters, see 3. Kingof thew^orld: seei. 3(note). Spec. Introd. p. 55. 1. "Was hidden. The scribe : cf. xoii. i. Enoch ia i. e. in order to receive the following further called Hhe scribe of righteous- revelation : cf. X. a. Enoch ia still ness,' xii. 4 ; xv. i, because he is him- living : his final translation from self a righteous man, xv. I ; Ixxi. 14- earth has not yet fallen out; for as 16, and declares the righteous judg- a man he writes the petition for the ment that is coming, xiii. 10 ; xiv. i, xiii. 6: receives a vision in 3; Ixxxi. 6; Ixxxii. I, &o. 4. Cf. 78 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. and. have done as the children of men do, and have taken linto themselves wives, and have grossly defiled themselves on the earth. (^They will have no peace on the earth nor forgiveness of ^n : and inasmuch as they delight them- selves in their children, \6^ the murder of their beloved ones they shall see, and over the destruction of their children will they lament, and will make supplication unto eternity, but mercy and peace will they not attain/ XIII. I. And Enoch went and said: 'Azazel: thou shalt find no peace : a severe sentence has gone forth against thee — (Rufael) shall put thee in bonds : 3. And alleviation, intercession, and mercy will not be accorded to thee, because of the oppression which thou hast taught, and because of all the, works of blasphemy, oppression, and sin which thou hast shown to the children of men.' 3. Then proceeding farther, I spoke to them all together and they were all afraid and were seized with fear and trembling. 4. And they besought me to draw up a petition for them that they might find forgiveness, and to take their petition into the presence of God in heaven. 5. For from thenceforward they could not speak (with Him) nor lift up their eyes to heaven for shame of their sins for which they were punished. 6. Then I composed their petition and the prayer on behalf of their spirit, and for their individual deed's for which they besought for- giveness and forbearance. 7. And I went off and sat down at the waters of Dan, fn Dan, to the right (i. e. the south) XII. 5. Inasmuch as they, &c. So G : (dX^OD; Pt6j"i^\ m-itf-OB". *trti ¥*': ^Chl; but with the insertion of before iD'itf-ao' with nine other MSS. Cf. the Giz. Gk. irepi &» )(aipovv. Other MSS. and Din. ?i^}¥?l^ = ' from the body,' but this ia clearly Jude 6. 4-7. For man as mortal and dwelling upon the earth wedlock is appointed that so the race may continue to exist : but for the angels who are immortal and dwell in the heaven such commingling is contrary to their nature and involves pollution and guilt. 8, 9. The union of angela and the daughters of men will give birth to a new order of beings, i. e. giants, and from these giants when they die will proceed evil spirits, i. c. demons, and these will have the earth for their habitation. Observe G that the evil activities of these demons are not restrained or forbidden as those of their parents, for the latter were thrown into chains immediately on the death of the giants, their children. 8, 9. Prom the spirits and flesh : see Crit. Note. On these verses cf. Justin. Apol. xxii, quoted in the note on ix. 8, 9 ; Tertnll. Apol.-xxM : Qaomodo de angelis quibusdam sua sponte corruptis corruptior gens dae- monumevaserit.. apudlitteras sanctas ordo cognoscitur. In Lact. Instit. ii. 15, the demons are regarded purely as 84 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. I. from their bodies ; because they are created from above, (and) from the holy watchers is their beginning and primal origin; they will be evil spirits on earth, and evil spirits will they be named. lo. And the spirits of heaven have their dwelling in heaven, but the spirits of the earth which were born upon the earth have on the earth their dwelling. II. And the spirits of the giants will devour, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and cause destruction on the earth, and work affliction : they will take no kind of food, nor will they thirst, and they will be irovrjpa euovrai, ra TTvev/xaTa e^eXrjXvOoTa cnro tov (rdfuaTos Trjs irapKos avr&v, SioVt cno T&v avQpiiiiuiv eyevovTo, Koi sk tS)V ayio>v t&v eypriyoptav fj apj(r} TTJs iiTC(Tea>s avT&v Kol apxri deixeXCov. Tivivp.ara iro- vr]pa eiri r^s y^s f.(TOVTai, to, TTvevptara (al.: wpfira) r&v yi- yavTdiv v^iioneva, abiKOvvra, a(paviCovTa, eixmTrTovra Koi .a:viJ,iraXawvTa Koi pnrTovvra ewi T^s yr]s KOL bpofjLOvs iroiovvTa, Kai jirjbfv ka-diovra, aAA.' ao-i- TovvTa Kcu (p6,(riJ.aTa TioLovvra KoX bi\j/&vra koi Trpoa-KonrovTa. wrong. II. Will devour, oppress, destroy, attack. So the Syn. Gk. : vefiofieva, ahiKovvra, aKpavL^ovra, iinr'aTTovra. Dln.'s Ethi- opic text runs fiaoq-Ti hA: fi-l^O". fi-'^ilh W^wA^, and is thus translated by him: Welche auf die Wolken sich stiirzen, warden verderben und herabsturzen, but this is not possible gram- matically. Before we compare the two versions we must change .ft"??!!- into .P'^flJ. in accordance with G and the Gk. acjiavlCovra. We find there, that fi-l^O" is the exact equivalent of aSiKovvra, i""??!*- the equivalent of a^avi^ovra, and fi-wA^ a bad rendering of itmiTTTovra. We now come to the main difficulty, ^flw^i*; Xrt as an equivalent of venojuva. Dr. Neubauer has suggested to me that the Hebrew may have been 13JJ i.e. 53JI = 'they oppressed,' of which vefiop^va might stand as a free rendering, and that this UV may have been confused with ]iy 'a cloud' by the Greek translator, whom the Ethiopio followed. The Giz. Gk. supports the corrupt Ethiopic text, and reads vecpiKas. Kor will they thirst. The Gk. wicked angels. 10. Not found in account of the evil activities of the the Gk. IJ, See Crit. Note. An demons. Sect. I.] Chapters XV. lO — XVI. I. 85 invisible. la. And these Kaik^avacrTr)crovTaiTain)ivii.aTa spirits will rise up against the Jiri rotis vlovs t&v avdptiiruiv children of men and against koI t&v yvvaiK&v, on e^ avr&v the women, because they have iie\riXv0a(n- ical ano fnxepas proceeded from them. jcatpoC (r(f>ay7js kclI cmaiXfCas XVI. I. Inthedaysof murder koI Oavarov t&v yiyAvTuiv Na- and of destruction and of the (^9j\ei^, 01 Itr^vpol ttjs yrji, 01 death of the giants when the jieyaXoi ovoiiaa-Toi, to. irvevixaTu spirits have gone forth from the to. iKTsopevojXfva cnrb Trjs ^vxrjs soulsof theirflesh,inordertode- avT&v, &s e/c rrjs a-apKos iirovTai, stroy without incurring judg- a(l>avL(ovTa xa>pts Kpiireais, ov- ment — thus will they destroy tcos acjiavla-ova-L /xixpts ■qp.epas until the day when the great ttjs TeXeidaecos, ecus Trjs Kpicretos consummation of the great ttjs fxeyakris, ev fj 6 aloiv 6 /xiyas world be consummated over TeXea-O-^a-eTai, lav'uTov(n /le^P'* fipipai t^i reknaacas. In the Book of Jubilees, ch. x, it is said that the purpose of the demons is rtA'^fiyi todhhctrt', ^Aao; }Mi,=' to destroy and lead astray until the judgment,' This gives the sense of the Gk. and what should be the sense of the Ethiopic. The text then should read: Klti "Jfl: oififri oDl^L^t: Jii^'i^/lti ^:> XFao". (if.ln,h This is the text which we have translated above. For this use of rt in rt^fch-J- as an inseparable conjunction of purpose, see Dln.'s XVI. 1. See Crit. Note. The appears in the Book of Jubilees x, demons will not be punished till the and in the N.T. Cf. Matt. viii. 29, final judgment. This doctrine likewise 'Art Thou come hither to torment 86 The Book of Enoch. [Sect. i. The following Fragment is not found in the Ethiopio Version. It probahly belongs to the lost Apocalypse of Noah which is interwoven with the book of Enoch. Kat aSflis" irapa 8e too opovs ev m &ixo(Tav koI aveOefidncrav TTpds rdv irkria-iov avT&v, ort ets tov al&va ov iJ,r] aitocrTfj cm' avTov yffv^os koi xlwv km, Tr6,)(yj] /cat bpoaos ov jxr) Kara^fj els avTo, ei ij,r} ets nardpav KarajSriiTeTai, kir avro, jotexi"'* ^p^ipas Kptcrecoy ttjs p,fyA\r]S. ev ru Kaipa l/cewu KaTaKavdrja-eTat koI TaireLvoodiqa-€Tai koX lorat KaraKaiofXivov koX Tr]K6p.evov us xr/pos onro wpos, ovrms KaraKariayr]s t&v vl&v vpi&v. kol aiio\ovirrai. ot ciya- TfqTol vp,(av Kol a-wodavovvTai ot ivTijioi vp,&v airo iracrr;? tjJs yfjs, OTL iratrat at T]p,epai ttJs fs cmo TOV vvv bia TTiv opy-qv, rjv d)pyl(r6r) vpiv 6 ^aaikiiis irdvTcav T&v aldvcov p/ri vop.L(Tr\Ti oti iK\ irepi t&v fyprj- y6p