m''-^.. $^^\3gi &■ ' .* > ^rr.»ii XI Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021996354 Cornell University Library PS 711.A1 1857 The works of Anne Bradstreet in prose an 3 1924 021 996 354 ^r.^^^ THE WORKS OF ANNE BRADSTREET. Ready for Delivery. ®|p ^Blorhs; of JSinnF JSpabsf'FPFf', IN PROSE AND VERSE. EDITED BY JOHN HARVARD ELLIS. HE undersigned would announce the publication of this volume, containing all the Poems of Mrs-. Bradstreet, the first poet of her sex in this country. They are exactly reprinted from the second edition, revised and enlarged by her, and published in Boston in 1678. The first two editions have been carefully collated, and the various changes noted at the bottom of the pages ; so that the reader has before him all that was printed in both editions. In addition to this are prefixed her various miscellaneous writings, in prose and verse, from an old manuscript, forming seventy-six pages of her writings, none of which have ever been printed in either of the former editions of her Poems ; also a biographical introduction and notes, carefully prepared by Mr. Ellis. There are fac-similes of the title-pages of the three editions of her Poems published in 1650, 1678, and 1758; a fac-simile leaf of Mrs. Bradstreet's manuscript; a portrait, on India paper, of her husband. Governor Bradstreet ; and a beautiful view of the old Bradstreet House, at North Andover, engraved on wood, expressly for this work, by Mr. Henry Marsh, of Cambridge. This book, which makes a volume of more than five hundred pages, is one of the best specimens of typography from the press of John Wilson and Son, of Cambridge. It is printed on heavy, laid paper, royal octavo, with a wide margin, and is uniform in size with the publications of the Bradford Club of New York. Two hundred and fifty copies only have been printed, all of the above size. The price to subscribers will be ten dollars, in paper covers or in sheets ; and one dollar extra for those bound in elegant green muslin, bevelled edges, with paper title. The list will remain open for subscriptions until Sept. i, when the price will be raised to twelve dollars. Should this undertaking prove successful, the subscriber intends publishing the poems of Michael Wigglesworth, and other of the early poetical writings of our country, in the same style and manner. ABRAM E. CUTTER, Charlesfoivn, Mass. May, 1867. C^^ Works ai ^nitt §rabstmt. ■ Give Thjme or Parfley wreath, I ask no bayes." The Prologue. r THE WORKS OF innt ratrsttcet IN PROSE AND VERSE EDITED BY JOHN HARVARD ELLIS Ci)arlcst0ton ABRAM E. CUTTER 1867 Uh^fVEhrSITYl Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1867, by ABRAM E. CUTTER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. ^iBO J^unbreU anti JFiftg QLo^its PrinUtJ. CAM BR I DGE : PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. wr^^ S^^^'^S^^ ^F^ f'''^'^ ^^m^^•^m ^^i^^ S^^jijSt ^od^^&jffl ./ilfe^JR ^p?S^^^ ftS^X/^jjM ^m^^M fefc_'>\ ,c^ ^^^m ^ ^3 PREFACE. HIS volume is believed to contain all the ex- tant works of Anne Bradstreet. Three editions of her " Poems" have been printed. The first edition appeared in London in 1650, under the title of "The Tenth Mufe, lately fprung up in America ; " a neatly-printed volume in small i6mo, xiv and 207 pages. The second edition was printed in Boston, by John Foster, in 1678. It contained the additions and corrections of the author, and several poems found amongst her papers after her death ; together with some verses in praise of her poems by President Rogers, of Harvard College, and "A Funeral Elogy," upon the author, by the Rev. John Norton, of Hingham. Like the first edition, it is a i6mo ; but the page and type are larger. The second edition has two hundred and fifty-five pages, preceded by fourteen pages unnumbered. Copies of the titlepages of the first and second editions, as exact as modern-antique type can make them, are given on pages 79 ^^^ 81. The third edition, in crown 8vo, xiv and 233 pages, was published in Boston in 1758, without bearing the name of its publisher or printer. It had the following titlepage : — SEVERAL POEMS Compiled with great Variety of Wit and Learn- ing, full of Delight ; Wherein efpecially is contained, a compleat Difcourfe and Defcription of . Elements,' „, „ S Constitutions, The Four j ^^^^ ^^ y^^^^ ^ S E A s o n s of the Year. Together with an exaft Epitome of the three firft MONARCHIES, viz. the ASS TR IAN, R O MA N Common P 77 J? ^ r A AT Wealth, from its begin- GRECIAN, and laft King. With divers other pleafant and ferious POEMS. By a Gentlewoman in New-England. The Third Edition, corredled by the Author, and enlarged by an Addition of foveral other Poems found amongfl her Papers after her Death. Re-printed from the fecond Edition, in the Year M.DCC.LVIIL PREFACE. VU Although it was reprinted from the second edition, there were numerous omissions of words, changes in the spelling, and other alterations of little importance. In the present edition of the "Poems," the spelling and punctuation, and even the typographical mistakes, of the second edition have been retained. The headings to the pages are new, and the catch-words have been omitted. The paging of that edition is preserved in brackets in the margin. The corrections in the second edition were exten- sive. The spelling was, as a rule, modernized ; although some words, especially proper names, have an older or more incorrect form of spelling in that than in the first edition. Grammatical mistakes were corrected ; capitals were omitted from common nouns which had them in the first ; the punctuation was improved ; and a great many words, enclosed in brackets in the first edition, were with- out them in the second edition. But no rule is uniformly adhered to in any of these particulars. There is, in both editions, as Charles Lamb's old friend said of a black-letter text of Chaucer, "a deal of very indifferent spelling." A proper name is sometimes, on the same page, spelt in two different ways. I have marked the most important altera- tions in foot-notes. Mere transpositions of words, changes in punctuation and in the spelling of words other than proper names, and trifling corrections, not materially affecting the sense of a passage, have not been noted. I hope that I have let nothing pass which would have been of interest to any reader. Some of these aUerations may have been made by the publishers, after the author's death. In order to have shown all the changes, it would have been necessary to Vm PREFACE. have presented the text of the first edition entire. There are no foot-notes in either of the early editions. The miscellaneous writings, which, under the titles of " Religious Experiences and Occasional Pieces " and "Meditations," precede the "Poems" in this volume, are printed from a small manuscript book, which belonged to the author, and which has been kept, since her death, as a precious relic by her descendants. It is about six inches high and three and three-quarters inches broad. The cov- ers are of common sheep-skin, and are very much soiled and worn. The remnants of two small brass clasps still adhere to them. The paper is yellow, stained with water, blotted with ink, and bears marks of having been much read and handled. It has ninety-eight pages, the first forty-one of which are taken up with the " Meditations Diuine and morall," in Mrs. Bradstreet's handwriting. The forty- second page is blank ; but, from the forty-third to the sixty- seventh page inclusive, her son Simon has copied in the contents of another manuscript book left by her, which is now probably lost. Mrs. Bradstreet's handwriting is large and distinct ; while that of her son is very small and delicate, though clear, and marred by few erasions or alterations. The sixty-eighth page is blank, and then follows a Latin translation of the first four " Meditations " and their dedica- tion, by her great-grandson, the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, of Marblehead, Massachusetts. This covers only four pages. Six pages have been at some time cut out after these. The next twenty-four pages are blank ; and on the two sides of the last leaf there are some verses in Mrs. Bradstreet's handwriting, beginning, "As weary pilgrim, now at rest." Several leaves, how many it is uncertain, have been torn PREFACE. IX out at the end of the book. All the contents of this book are printed in this volume : the order, however, of the sep- arate parts of which it is composed, has been changed. The portion in her son's handwriting, and the verses which I have mentioned as being at the end of the book, being in their nature biographical, I have placed first. The "Medi- tations," and the fragment of their translation into Latin by her great-grandson, come next. The manuscript has been closely followed, except that abbreviations, such as "&," "w"'," "y"," "y''" and some of longer words, have been printed in full. These are very common in the portion written bj'^ her son, who probably tried to shorten his work of copying as much as possible. The author herself rarely uses any abbreviations. Punctua- tion has been supplied where it was defective ; and in some of the poems", whose rhyme required it, the alternate verses have been indented, and some poems have been broken into stanzas. The manuscript has been scribbled over, appar- ently by a child; and a few corrections have been made since she wrote, in ink fresher than the original : these, of course, have been disregarded. With these exceptions, the reader has an exact copy of the manuscript. A fac-simile of the first leaf of the volume may be found between pages 46 and 47. Extracts from the manuscript, with some appropriate remarks on the author's life and character, were published by the Rev. William I. Budington, D.D., for many years pastor of the First Church in Charlestown, in his history of that church ; and almost the whole of it appeared in a series of articles, under the title of "The Puritan Mother," contributed by the same gentleman to the first X PREFACE. volume of " The Congregational Visiter," a small monthly- magazine published in Boston, in 1844, by the Massachu- setts Sabbath-School Society. Several extracts have also been published, at various times, in newspapers, by Mr. Dean Dudley, who has written some very interesting pieces concerning the author and her works, and who is known as the indefatigable genealogist of the Dudley and Bradstreet families. A good notice of Mrs. Bradstreet is contained in Duyckinck's "Cyclopsedia of American Literature." The contents of the manuscript book are now, for the first time, printed entire. For the use of it, in preparing this volume for the press, and also for copies of the first three editions of the "Poems," all of which are now extremely rare, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Samuel Bradstreet, of Dorchester. The engraving of Governor Bradstreet, in this volume, is taken from a plate belonging to Mr. S. G. Drake, which he was so good as 'to allow to be used for this purpose. In editing Mrs. Bradstreet's works, I have had the benefit of the advice and suggestions of several of my friends ; but I am especially obliged, for such favors, to Dr. John Appleton, Assistant Librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society. JOHN H. ELLIS. Charlestown, Mass., Jan. 31, 1867. ^^^^^\ ^^ ^^s ^ p ^^ BC/5^^AS ^ s ^s INTRODUCTION. NNE BRADSTREET, distinguished as the earliest poet of her sex in America, was the daughter of Governor Thomas Dudley, and the wife of Governor Simon Bradstreet, two of the principal founders of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. The ancestry of that branch of the Dudley family to which Mrs. Bradstreet belonged is now simply a matter of conjecture. Many attempts have been made to trace it, but without success.* "There is a tradi- tion among the descendants of Governor Dudley, in the eldest branch of the family," says Mr. Moore, "that he was descended from John Dudley, Duke of Northumber- land, who was beheaded 22 February, 1553-" t Mrs. Bradstreet seems to have shared this behef, if we may judge from the following verses from her " Elegy upon Sir * " The Dudley Genealogies and Family Records." By Dean Dudley. Boston : Published by the Author. 1848. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. x. p, 133. — "The Sutton-Dudleys of England, and the Dudleys of Massachu- setts." By George Adlard. New York : 1862. -" The Herald and Gene- alogist," Vol. ii. London : 1865. pp. 409-426, and 494-499- t Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. By Jacob Bailey Moore. New York : 1846. p. 273 xii INTRODUCTION. Philip Sidney," whose mother was the Lady Mary, eldest daughter of that Duke of Northumberland : — " Let then, none dif-allow of thefe my ftraines, Which have the felf-fame blood yet in my veines." But she retracts this claim to relationship, in the second edition of her poems, where the verses appear as follows : — " Then let none difallow of thefe my ftraines Whilft Englifti blood yet runs within my veins." * Thomas Dudley, her father, was born at Northampton, in England, in the year 1576 or 1577, and Vas the only son of Captain Roger Dudley, who was killed in battle about the year 1586. He was thus left an orphan, together with a sister, concerning whom, as well as his mother, nothing is known. At a school, to which he was sent by a charitable lady of his native town, he acquired a good knowledge of Latin. But, while still young, he was taken from school, and became a page in the family of William Lord Compton, afterwards Earl of Northampton. He was subsequently a clerk of a kinsman "Judge Nichols," probably Thomas Nicolls, a serjeant-at-law. He next appears at the head of a company of eighty volunteers, raised in and about North- ampton, and forming part of the force collected by order of Queen Elizabeth, to assist Henry IV. of France, in the war against Philip IL of Spain. He is said to have been at the siege of Amiens in 1597, and to have returned home to England soon after. From each of these various occupa- tions, of page, lawyer's clerk, and soldier, he derived some benefit, — courtesy of manners, considerable legal skill and acumen, straightforwardness, honesty, and courage. He established himself at Northampton, and married "a Gentle- * See pages 346, note, and 347. INTRODUCTION. Xlll woman whofe Extradl and Eftate were Confiderable." Under the preaching of the well-known Puritan ministers, Dodd and Hildersham, and others of less note, he became a Nonconformist, and ever after adhered most strictly to the views which he thus adopted. In 1616 Henry de Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, died, his title descending to his son Thomas. The latter survived but three years to enjoy his honors, and left to his son Theophilus, a young man, a large estate heavily encum- bered with his father's debts. In this emergency, Dudley was recommended to the young Earl as steward, by Lord Saye and Sele, Lord Compton, and others who had satisfied themselves of his worth and ability. He accordingly took the entire charge of the Earl's large estate, and, by his skil- ful management, in the space of a few years entirely freed the estate from the debts with which it was laden. By many important services which he rendered, and also by his fidelity and constancy in the discharge of his duties, he greatly endeared himself to the family. For nine or ten years, he continued to be the Earl's steward ; but, after that, growing weary of his laborious position, he left the Earl's service, and removed to Boston, in Lincolnshire. He there formed an intimate acquaintance with the vicar of that town, the Rev. John Cotton, who was to be his companion at Boston, in the New World. As his services were again much needed by the Earl of Lincoln, he was obliged to return to his family, and there he remained most of the time, until he left the country.* * Mather's Magnalia. London: 1702. Bk. ii. pp. 15-17. — Old manu- script life, printed in " The Sutton-Dudleys," pp. 24-38. — "Dudley Gene- alogies." Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts Bay. Boston: 1795. Vol. i. p. 21, note *. — " Herald and Genealogist," Vol. ii. pp. 409-426; Historic B xiv INTRODUCTION. In Isaac Johnson's will, dated March, 1629, O.S., of wh Dudley is constituted one of the executors, he is descril as of CHpsham in the county of Rutland ; * but it is : known how long he lived there. Dudley's first child v a son, Samuel, born in 1610. His second child was Anne, the subject of this sket( She was born in 161 2-13, probably at Northampton, f her youth and of her bringing up, we know but little. "S can infer, however, from what she wrote of herself, later life, that she was strictly and religiously trained ; wh it is evident from her poems, that she had read a studied, with unusual diligence, for one of her age a sex. She gives the following account of her early religic experiences : — "In my yovng years, about 6 or 7 as I take it, I began to ms confcience of my wayes, and what I knew was iinfull, as lying, c obedience to Parents, &c. I avoided it. If at any time I was ov taken with the like evills, it was a great Trouble. I could not at reft 'till by prayer I had confefl it vnto God. I was alfo troub] at the negledl of Private Dutyes, tho : too often tardy that way. alfo fovnd much comfort in reading the Scriptures, efpecially th( places I thought moft concerned my Condition, and as I grew haue more vnderflanding, fo the more folace I took in them. " In a long fitt of ficknes w'"" I had on my bed I often co mvned with my heart, and made my fupplication to the m High who fett me free from that afflidtion. " But as I grew vp to bee about 14 or 15 I fovnd my he more carnall and fitting loofe from God, vanity and the foll3 of youth take hold of me. Peerage of England, by Sir H. Nicolas, p. 289; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,. series. Vol. viii. p. 342. * Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 3d series, Vol. viii. p. 245. t See page 391 ; " Dudley Genealogies," p. i8; " Sutton-Dudleys," p. INTRODUCTION. XV " About i6, the Lord layd his hand fore upon me and fmott mee with tlie fmall pox. When I was in my afflidtion, I befovght the Lord, and confeffed my Pride and Vanity and he was entreated of me, and again reftored me. But I rendered not to him according to y' benefitt received. " After a fhort time I changed, my condition and was marryed, and came into this Covntry, where I fovnd a new world and new manners, at which my heart rofe. But after I was convinced it was the way of God, I fubmitted to it and joined to the church at Bofton." * In her poem, " In Honour of Du Bartas," she has left a very pleasant reminiscence of her childhood, in these verses : — " My mufe unto a Child I may compare, Who fees the riches of fome famous Fair, He feeds his Eyes, but underftanding lacks To comprehend the worth of all thofe knacks : The glittering plate and Jewels he admires, The Hats and Fans, the Plumes and Ladies tires, And thoufand times his mazed mind doth wilh Some part (at leaft) of that brave wealth was his. But feeing empty wiihes nought obtain. At night turns to his Mothers cot again. And tells her tales, (his full heart over glad) Of all the glorious fights his Eyes have had : But finds too foon his want of Eloquence, The filly pratler fpeaks no word of fenfe ; But feeing utterance fail his great defires. Sits down in filence, deeply he admires." t Notwithstanding the gloom which over-conscientiousness threw over her youth, we can easily imagine the pleasure with which she perused the many new books which were then appearing in such unwonted numbers, and the zest * See pages 4 and 5. t See page 354. XVi INTRODUCTION. with which she devoured their delicious contents. Th quarter of a century preceding the departure of the Masse chusetts Company for New England was one of the moi remarkable in the history of English literature. Coming, a it did, at the close of the great Elizabethan Age, the mor peaceful reign of James was better fitted for the qui* and considerate study and cultivation of literature than th more glorious and splendid, though more warlike and dis turbed, reign of the "Virgin Queen." The impulse give by the great minds of her epoch had not yet died out, bi had transmitted much of its vigor to their successors of th Jacoban Age ; many renowned writers of the one livin, late into the other. Spenser had died, near the close of th century, leaving his great poem unfinished ; having writte enough, however, to charm posterity ever after, and t found a new school of poetry. His patron, the accom plished writer, the elegant poet, and knightly soldier. Si Philip Sidney, had fallen, some fifteen years before, on th bloody field before Zutphen. One year, 1616, had bee rendered famous, by the death of two of the most brilliar names in the world's literature,^ — Shakespeare and Cervan tes ; one in the prime of life, and the other at threescor and ten, summoned hence within ten days of each othei To Don Quixote anChis squire, Mrs. Bradstreet may hav been introduced by Shelton's translation. With the play of Shakespeare, as well as those of Ben Jonson, Beaumor and Fletcher, Middleton, Webster, Massinger, and th other dramatists, we may well presume that she was nc familiar, and that she rather shunned them, as irreligious There are some passages in her " Poems," however, whic seem as if they must have been suggested by a reading c INTRODUCTION. xvii Shakespeare. The Puritans were bitter enemies of the stage, and all connected with it; and their dislike was reciprocated most heartily by the playwrights and players. Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson, speaking of the treatment of the Puritans, says, — " every stage, and every table, and every puppet-play, belched forth profane scoffs upon them, the drunkards made them their songs, and all fiddlers and mimics learned to abuse them, as finding it the most gameful way of fooling." * In 1611, the common version of the Bible was published. We have already seen how early Mrs. Bradstreet began to find comfort in this volume, which was to be the solace of her lonely and melancholy hours, for the rest of her life. The charming essays of Montaigne, with their varied learn- ing and keen insight into human nature, had been "done into Englifh " by John Florio, and had attracted the atten- tion of the immortal dramatist himself. Burton had tried in vain to drive away his melancholy, by writing its "Anat- omy." Chapman had given to the world his grand version of Homer. Sir Thomas North had translated " Plutarch's Lives" in a manner most aptly suited to the easy story- telling style of the original ; and his book was to be " a household book, for the whole of the seventeenth century."! The " silver-tongued " Sylvester, who' was himself the author of many poems, had translated the works of the fa- vorite French poet, the " divine " Du Bartas, of whom we shall hear more farther on. The poets of this period were numerous, and the writings of many of them are even now read. Some of them are noted for their sensuousness, * Life of Col. Hutchinson, Bohn's ed. p. 82. t Hooper's Introduction to Chapman's Homer's Iliad, p. ix. XVlll INTRODUCTION. and for their delicious descriptions of the beautiful in nature. Following upon the poets more distinctively belong- ing to the Elizabethan Age, with their fancifulness, their pretty, tiresome conceits, their quaint analogies, and far- fetched similes, the poets of the reign of James, while they retained many of their faults, were much less artificial. These poets, who have been classified as pastoral, satirical, theological, metaphysical, and humorous, indicate by their number, and by the excellence of many of their writings, the literary spirit of the age. They were generally anti- Puritans, and we may well doubt if Mrs. Bradstreet could have read them with much pleasure, as her scruples and belief would have received many a rude shock over their pages. Wither and Quarles, however, were peculiarly Calvinistic ; the former becoming afterwards one of Crom- well's major-generals, and the latter being ifi manner and matter, if not in spirit, a Puritan. Their works were extremely popular with the Puritans, not only at the period of which we are now speaking, but also long after. Quarles' "Emblems," to be sure, did not appear in print until 1635, but his gloomy poems must have already sad- dened the heart of many an honest Nonconformist. Quarles appears to have had some correspondence with the New- England men. Josselyn, in his account of his visit to Boston in 1638, speaks of "prefenting my refpeds to Mr. Winthorfe the Governour, and to Mr. Cotton, the Teacher of Bojlon Church, to whom I delivered from Mr. Francis paries the poet, the Tranflation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Pfalms into Englijh Meeter for his approbation."* This period, so prolific in versifiers, was not without its * Josselyn's " Two Voyages," p. 20. INTRODUCTION. xix historians and antiquaries. Speed, Archbishop Usher, the learned primate of Ireland, Sir Robert Cotton, and Sir Henry Spelman, flourished about this time. Knolles pub- lished his history of the Turks in 1603, to whom Johnson, in one of his "Ramblers" (122), has awarded the first place among English historians, being borne out in his judgment by Hallam.* The illustrious Camden's "Brittannia" and "Annales Rerum Anglicarum regnante Elizabetha" had appeared early in the century, and the learned author had been long numbered with the dead. There was also the Latin historian and poet of Scotland, Buchanan, who had been the tutor of King James. Sir Walter Raleigh had occupied twelve weary years of imprisonment in writing his " History of the World," published in 1614, the most important of the works of that distinguished soldier and navigator. Bacon, the great philosopher, the able his- torian, the accomplished orator, who combined in himself most of the varied powers of his noted contemporaries, had been degraded from the exalted post of Lord Chan- cellor. Shorn of his honors, after devoting the leisure which his retirement afforded to his favorite studies, he died on the 9th of April, 1626, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, a victim of the science he loved so fondly. f A recent English writer has remarked : " In one sense the reign of James is the most religious part of our his- tory ; for religion was then fashionable. The forms of state, the king's speeches, the debates in parliament, and the current literature, were filled with quotations from scripture and quaint allusions to sacred things." $ Super- * Craik's English Liteirature. New York ; 1863. Vol. I. p. 619. t Life pref. to " Essays." Boston : 1856. p. 27. X Marsden's " Early Puritans.'' London : 1S60. p. 382. XX INTRODUCTION. ficial as the current of real piety is acknowledged to have been, we find, in addition to all the secular books above referred to, a mass of sermons, books of devotion, religious tracts, and controversial pamphlets. Many productions, too, of more importance and of greater size and pretensions, were the results of deeper delvings in theology and di- vinity. The "Ecclesiastical Polity" of the illustrious Hooker had been in part published, the whole work com- plete not appearing until 1632, the author himself having died at the beginning of the century. There were also, besides Archbishop Usher, Andrews, and Donne, the " humble and heavenly minded " Dr. Richard Sibbs, whose sermons, collected under the title of "The Saint's Cordial," were highly prized by the Puritans ; the " Englifti Seneca," Bishop Hall, a thorough Calvinist, whose " pious Medita- tions are still a household volume read by all classes, pub- lished in all forms." * Qne reason for the small number of strictly sectarian, Puritan, or Calvinistic works during this period was, that the censorship of the press, the right of licensing books, was almost entirely arrogated to himself by the untiring enemy of the Nonconformists, Laud, Bishop of London, whose watchful eye few heretical writings could escape. Some such, however, managed to satisfy some of the more liberal censors, and thus appeared with the " cum privilegio ; " while many of the most ultra pam- phlets and tracts were the fruits of foreign presses, secretly introduced into the country without the form of a legal entry at Stationers' Hall.f * Marsden's " Early Puritans,'' p. 393. t Craik's English Literature. New York : 1863. — Masson's Life of Mil- ton. London: 1859. Vol. I. ch. vi. — Bohn's Bibliographer's Manual, &c., &c. INTRODUCTION. xxi I have thus, at the risk of trying the patience of the reader, given a very imperfect summary of what the years immediately preceding and including those in which our author was growing up produced in the way of writers. It must not be forgotten either, that it was in the early part of this century that the circulation of the blood was discovered by Dr. Harvey, and logarithms were introduced by Na- pier; creating new eras in medicine and mathematics. In such an age of literary activity, Mrs. Bradstreet passed the first eighteen years of her life. With literary tastes' and the advantages which, without doubt, she enjoyed at the Earl of Lincoln's castle of Sempringham, she must have felt, and, at the same time, been able easily to satisfy, a craving for poetical and historical studies. It should be remem- bered, however, that she was only eighteen when she was called to leave her native country, with its manifold attrac- tions, and her pleasant home, with its tender associations, to take up her abode in a wilderness. Even then she would be exposed to all the cares consequent upon her position as a wife, and that, too, the wife of a busy magistrate who was frequently called to be absent from home, leaving her no solace except her meditations on what she had once read or experienced. At the early age of sixteen, she was married to Simon Bradstreet, the son of a Nonconformist minister of the same name, of Lincolnshire. Bradstreet's father was the son of a well-to-do Suffolk gentleman, was one of the first Fel- lows of Emmanuel College, had preached at Middleburgh, in the Netherlands, and was, like Dudley, a friend of the Rev. Mr. Cotton and Dr. Preston. Young Bradstreet was born at Horbling, March, 1603, and was educated at the xxii INTRODUCTION. grammar school, where he studied until the death of his father, when he was fourteen years old, made it necessary for him to leave. Two or three years after this he was taken into the family of the Earl of Lincoln, where he was under the care of Dudley. He remained there, until, at the suggestion of Dr. Preston, who had been the Earl's tutor, he was sent by the Earl to Emmanuel College, in the capacity of governor to Lord Rich, son of the Earl of Warwick. As the young lord gave up the idea of acquiring an education at the University, Bradstreet continued there only a year ; having had, as he himself wrote, a very pleasant but un- profitable time, in the society of the Earl of Lincoln's brother, and of other companions. Notwithstanding, he took his bachelor's degree in 1620, and his master's four years later.* On the removal of Dudley to Boston, Brad- street succeeded to his place as steward. He afterwards became steward of the Countess of Warwick, and was in that position at the time of his marriage, f Under Bancroft, as Archbishop of Canterbury, the Non- conformists had suffered severely, many of the ministers being silenced and deprived of their livings, while others were driven into exile. The effect of this harsh treatment was to strengthen the sufferers in their belief, and to bind them more closely together by the common tie of affliction. The succession of the austere Abbot, who had much of the Puritan in his creed and manners, gave them some respite ; although the canons requiring the due observance of those forms and ceremonies in worship to which the Noncon- formists most strongly objected, were as rigidly enforced as * Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts. Boston : 1846. p. 125, note. t Mather's Magnalia, Bk. ii. p. 19. INTRODUCTION. XXlii ever in some places. Bishop Williams, the Lord Keeper, the favorite and confidential adviser both of the Kine and of Buckingham, was a great power in religious affairs. He was inclined to be tolerant alike of Puritans and Roman- ists, and it was only those breaches of the canons too flagrant to be overlooked which provoked him to harsh treatment. On the death of James and the accession of Charles, Williams lost the power which he had up to that time enjoyed in church and state, and retired in disgrace to his diocese of Lincoln. Buckingham, who held the same place in the affections of the new King which he had gained in those of his father,* committed to Dr. Laud, his great confidant, then Bishop of Bath and Wells, and sworn a member of the Privy Council, the sole presentation of church promotions and the vacancies which should happen. King Charles, after the assassination of Buckingham, continued that trust in the same hands, infinitely to the benefit and honor of the Church, in Clarendon's opinion, -j- but greatly to the sorrow and discomfort of the Nonconform- ists, whose bitter opponent Laud had been from the very first. Slowly but surely this intolerant prelate got into his hands the power which would enable him to indulge his pialevolent feelings towards the Puritans. He thus did all he could to kindle the flame which was to break out before long into the dreadful fire of civil war, and in which he was to lose his life. Besides the Romanists, whose numbers cannot be estimated, there was the extreme class of Puritans known as Separatists, who comprised in their ranks only a trifling proportion of the population. The Established * Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, Bk. i. p. 48. t Ibid., p. 145. xxiv INTRODUCTION. Church of England was divided into two great parties, the Prelatical or Hierarchical, headed by the zealous Laud, and the Nonconformist or Puritan. This latter party embraced at once the severe doctrines, and the plain and simple forms, inculcated by their great teacher, Calvin. They were still included in the Church ; and their preachers were estimated, as early as 1603, at the time of the Hampton Court Conference, to have numbered about a ninth part of the whole parish clergy. The teachers and disciples had both largely increased in numbers during the score of years preceding the time of which we are now treating. What at first had been a mere variance about church government and ritual came to involve important points of doctrine. A strife arose between Calvinism and Arminian- ism, the Calvinistic or Nonconformist party growing and strengthening as the Arminian or Hierarchical party became more hostile and vehement. The breach constantly widened, severity on the one side being met by persistence and a resolution to endure on the other.* Such was the state of religious affairs in England, when, at a meeting of the Massachusetts Company on the 28th of July, 1629, Mr. Cradock, the Governor, made the bold proposition to transfer the government and patent of the Plantation to America, t After debating the question thoroughly and weighing the arguments which could be adduced on both sides, legal advice was taken, and they at once commenced preparing to transport themselves and their famihes to America. Deplorable as was then the condition of religious matters, that of affairs of state was * Masson's Milton, Vol. i. ch. v. t Massachusetts Colony Records, Vol. i. p. 49. INTRODUCTION. XXV equally unpromising, and boded ill for the future. In the first four years of his reign, Charles had summoned three Parliaments, which he had speedily dissolved, because they so scantily supplied him with the money which he demanded, but preferred rather to occupy themselves with the rehearsal of their wrongs, which they finally embodied in the Petition of Right. Once more only after that did the Parliament meet, (in January, 1629,) to be then abruptly dissolved, and to remain in abeyance for nearly twelve years. The position of those who proposed to go over to America was more disagreeable than dangerous. Their peril, if any, was prospective, not present. In this respect their case was very unlike that of the Separatists who colo- nized Plymouth. The Massachusetts men professed many years later that " our libertie to walke in the faith of the gofpell with all good confcience, according to the order of the gofpell, . . . was the caufe of our tranfporting our- felves with our wives, little ones, and our fubftance, from that pleafant land over the Atlantick ocean into the valt wildernefs." * But it is evident from the character of the first colonists, and the nature of their public acts, that they had a great politico-religious scheme to carry out. They came here to form a state which should be governed accord- ing to their own peculiar religious ideas ; not solely to seek an asylum from oppression. On the 26th of August, 1629, Dudley, with eleven others, signed an agreement at Cambridge, whereby they pledged themselves to remove with their families to New England by the first of the next' March, provided the whole govern- ment, together with the patent, should be legally transferred * Hutchinson's Collection, p. 326. XXVI INTRODUCTION. before the last of September, to remain with such plan- tation.* Although Dudley had been, as early as 1627, interested in the proposition to plant a colony for the propa- gation of the gospel in New England, and had been active in the measures which preceded the departure of the Com- pany itself, t yet he does not appear by the records to have had any connection with the Company until the 15 th of Oc- tober, 1629. On that day, he and Winthrop were, for the first time, present at a meeting. | On the 20th of the same month, Dudley was chosen an Assistant; and, on the i8th of the following March, Bradstreet was elected to the same office, in place of Mr. Thomas Goffe. § From that time, they devoted their lives to the interests of the Com- pany, holding the various high offices in the gift of their associates and fellow-colonists. They were the deposi- taries of the most important trusts, and had at times committed to them the conduct of business of vital con- sequence to the Colony. A thorough history of the lives of these two men would embrace the history of Massachu- setts, if not of all New England, down to the close of the seventeenth century. Dudley was soon elected to the re- sponsible position of "undertaker," — that is, to be one of those having " the sole managinge of the ioynt stock, w* all things incydent thervnto, for the space of 7 yeares." || At a Court of Assistants held aboard the "Arbella" on the 23d of March he was chosen Deputy-Governor, in place of Mr. John Humphrey, who was to stay behind in England. 1" It would seem as if, before leav- * Hutchinson's Collections, pp. 25, 26. t Dudley's Letter in Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, pp. 309-10. t Mass. Colony Records, Vol. i. p. 54. § Hid., p. 69. II /3id., p. 65. f /iid., p. 70. INTRODUCTION. XXvii ing England, Dudley had visited Winthrop at his house at Groton, in Suffolk. The latter, writing from London to his wife on the 5th of February, says in a postscript, "Lett M'' Dudleys thinges be sent up next week." * While Winthrop was waiting for the arrival of the ships at South- ampton, in a letter to his son John he writes, " M'' Dudlye was gone to the Wight before we came." j On Monday, the 29th of March, the little band of colo- nists embarked in their four small vessels, the "Arbella," "Talbot," "Ambrose," and "Jewell." Most of the promi- nent people were on the "Arbella." Among them were Mr. Isaac Johnson and his wife, the Lady Arbella, sister of the Earl of Lincoln, in whose honor the name of the vessel had been changed from that of "Eagle." There, too, was the Governor, John Winthrop, whom Dudley describes as a man " well known in his own country, and well approved here for his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity,"! ^^^ others whose names are familiar to the readers of our his- tory. With them, we have no doubt, were Mrs. Bradstreet and her nearest relations, her father, mother, and husband. § On the same day they weighed anchor, and sailed down the English Channel ; but, on account of the adverse winds by which they were detained, they put into the port of Yar- mouth, a small place on the Isle of Wight. From this place they addressed their affectionate and touching farewell to their "Brethren in and of the Church of England," of which Dudley was one of the signers. Charity prompts the sug- * Life and Letters of John Winthrop. By R. C. Winthrop. Boston ; 1864. Vol. i. p. 373. t ^I'l'l; P- 386. { Dudley's Letter in Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 310. § This is Mr. Savage's opinion. Winthrop's History of New England. Boston : I853. Vol. i. p. 12, note 3. XXVni INTRODUCTION. gestion that they insensibly merged their sorrow at leavin| England in that of leaving the " Church." The genuine ness of their affection for the latter was too clearly shown b3 their conduct on arriving in New England ; for " the ver] first church planted by them was independent in all iti forms, and repudiated every connection with Episcopacy oi a liturgy."* On the 8th of April, the vessels set sail. Twc days before the ladies had gone ashore to refresh them- selves ; but, from that day until the i2th of the following June, they did not again set foot on dry land ; and then i was to tread the soil of the New World. After a storm} voyage, with much cold and rainy weather, the monotonj being alleviated by preaching, singing, fasts, and thanks- givings, on the seventy-second day passed aboard ship the sea-worn voyagers came in sight of the rocky but welcome shores of Mount Desert. A modern pleasure-seeker has spoken in the following glowing and perhaps rather exaggerated terms of the appearance of this picturesque spot from the sea : " It is difficult to conceive of any finei combination of land and water than this view. . . . Cer- tainly only in the tropics can it be excelled, only in the gorgeous islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. On the coast of America it has no rival, except, perhaps, a1 the Bay of Rio Janeiro." t What an enchanting sight il must have been to those who had gazed on the blank sur- face of the broad sea so long ! " We had now fair sunshine weather, and so pleasant a sweet air as did much refresh us, and there came a smell off the shore like the smell oi * Story's Commentaries on the Constitution, Vol. i. § 64. t A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New England. By Robert Carter. Boston : 1S65. p. 252. INTRODUCTION. xxix a garden," writes Winthrop.* The more substantial bless- ings of the main land rejoiced the hearts of the rest of the party on the following Saturday, 12th June, who, going ashore at Salem, " supped with a good venison pasty and good beer."f Some, wandering along the shore, feasted on the wild strawberries which grew there in abundance. But at night, when it became time to return to the ship, Winthrop remarks that "some of the women stayed behind," doubtless very reasonably cautious about again trusting themselves to the floating prison in which they had been so long pent up. They did not, like the wretched settlers of Plymouth, arrive in a cold and cheerless season of the year, to perish miserably in the ice and snow ; but the green hills, clad in the rich verdure of opening summer, smiled a genial welcome to our weary voyagers, their beauty heightened by that indescribable charm which any land has for the sea-tossed adventurer. Higginson, who arrived about a year before, speaks of Ten-pound "island, whither four of our men with a boat went, and brought back again ripe strawberries and gooseberries, and sweet single roses. Thus God," he continues, "was merciful to us in giving us a taste and smell of the sweet fruit as an earnest of his bountiful goodness to welcome us at our first arrival." J But the attractions of the scene to Winthrop and his company must have been more than offset by the melan- choly condition in which they found the little settlement. They could have had little time to consider the beauties of nature, amid their own cares and the misery around » Winthrop's New England, Vol. i. p 23, and note i. t Ibid., p. 26. { Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 234. XXX INTRODUCTION. them. John Endicott had been sent over by the Patentees of the Massachusetts territoiy. He reached Salem in Sep- tember, 1628, where he established a post, his own men and those whom he found there making, in all, a company of not much more than fifty or sixty persons.* The Rev. Mr. Higginson followed the next year with two hundred more colonists, finding with Endicott then about one hundred. Of these, two hundred settled at Salem, and the rest established themselves at Charlestown with the intention of founding a town there, f Dudley, in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln, says "We found the Colony in a sad and unexpected condition, above eighty of them being dead the winter before ; and many of those alive weak and sick ; all the corn and bread amongst them all hardly sufficient to feed them a fortnight, insomuch that the re- mainder of a hundred and eighty servants we had the two years before sent over, coming to us for victuals to sustain them, we found ourselves wholly unable to feed them, by reason that the provisions shipped for them were taken out of the ship they were put in, and they who were trusted to ship them in another failed us and left them behind; whereupon necessity enforced us, to our extreme loss, to give them all liberty, who had cost us about £16 or £20 a person, furnishing and sending over." X As Salem was not to their taste, after exploring the Charles and Mystic Rivers, they unshipped their goods at Salem into other vessels, and brought them in July to Charlestown. They made a settlement there to the number of fifteen hundred people, § Dudley and Bradstreet, per- * Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 13. t 7b/d., p. 259. J /6/d., p. 3H-12. § Hid., p. 378. INTRODUCTION. XXxi haps with their families, being among them. "The Gov- ernor and several of the Patentees dwelt in the great house, which was last year built in this town by Mr. Graves and the rest of their servants. The multitude set up cottages, booths and tents about the Town Hill."* From the sad state of things above described, it is easy to see that the new comers had to give rather than receive assistance from those whom they found already at Charles- town. On Friday, July 30, Winthrop, Dudley, Johnson, and Wilson entered into a church covenant, which was signed two days after by Increase Nowell and four others, — Sharpe, Bradstreet, Gager, and Colborne;! the sub- scribers soon numbering sixty-four men and half as many women. J The next on the list are William Aspinwall and Robert Harding, and then follow the names of " Dorothy Dudley y*" wife of Tho : Dudley" and "Anne Bradftreete y" wife of Simon Bradftreete." § Johnson says, in his "Won- der-working Providence," || that, after the arrival of the com- pany at Salem, " the Lady Arrabella and fome other godly Women aboad at Salem, but their Husbands continued at Charles Town, both for the fettling the civill Government and gathering another Church of Christ.'''' It may be that Mrs. Bradstreet was one of those who remained at Salem, and that she was not in Charlestown when the covenant was first signed ; but, as her name is * Charlestown Records in Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 37S. t Prince's Chronology. Boston: 1826. p. 311. —Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation. Boston : 1856. p. 278. - Bradford's Letter Book, in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. iii. p. 76. — Budington's History of the First Church in Charlestown, pp. 13-15. X Budington, p. 15. § MS. Records of the First Church in Boston. II London : 1654. p. 37. xxxii INTRODUCTION. only the thirteenth on the list, she must have joined her husband in Charlestown soon after. "Many people arrived sick of the scurvy, which also increased much after their arrival, for want of houses, and by reason of wet lodging in their cottages, &c. Other distempers also prevailed ; and, although [the] people were generally very loving and pitiful, yet the sickness did so prevail, that the whole were not able to tend the sick, as tiiey should be tended ; upon which many perished and died and were buried about the Town Hill." * In addition to all this trouble, their provisions ran short, and, as it was too late in the season to think of raising any more, they were obliged to despatch a ship to Ireland to.buy"some. The hot weather, the want of running water, and the general sickness, which they attributed to the situation, made them discontented. Although they had intended to remain and found a town, they moved away, scattering about the neigh- borhood, the majority of them, including the Governor, Deputy-Governor, and all the Assistants except Mr. Nowell, going across the river to Boston, at the invitation of Mr. Blaxton, who had until then been its only white inhabitant, f They did not remain long in Boston, as they were apprehensive that the Indians would attack them, now that they were dispersed and so much reduced by sickness ; but looked about for a suitable situation for a fortified town, and in December, 1630, decided upon the spot which was after- wards called Cambridge. I Fortunately, the winter of 1630 was mild, § or their suffering would have been intense. As * Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, pp. 378-9. t Ibid., pp. 379-81. Budington, p. i8. X Winthrop's New England, Vol. i. p. 39. § Wood's "New-England's Profpe(5t," p. 5. INTRODUCTION. XXxiii It was, it is not hard to realize how wretchedly the poorer portion must have fared, when we look at the picture which Dudley, one of the richest of the party, writing nine months after their arrival, so vividly presents to us of the condition of himself and his family. He says that he writes "rudely, having yet no table, nor other room to write in than by the fireside upon my knee, in this sharp winter ; to which my family must have leave to resort, though they break good manners, and make me many times forget what I would say, and say what I would not."*' The new settlement at Cambridge was begun in the spring of the next year ; and it was the intention of the- settlers to make this place, which they called Newtown, the principal town of the Colony. The Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Brad- street were among those who moved out and established themselves there. The town was laid out in squares, the streets intersecting each other at right angles. Dudley's house stood on the west side of Water Street, near its southern termination at Marsh Lane, at the corner of the present Dunster and South Streets. Bradstreet's was at the corner of " Brayntree " and Wood Streets, where the University Bookstore of Messrs. Sever & Francis now is, on Harvard Square, at the corner of Brighton Street. Dud- ley's lot was half an acre in size, and Bradstreet's measured " aboute one rood." f Governor Winthrop decided not to remain at Newtown, * Dudley's Letter to the Countess of Lincoln, in Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts, p. 305. This letter is the most vivid and authentic narra- tive of the labor and sufferings attendant on the planting of the Colony. t "The Regeftere Booke of the Lands and Houfes in the Newtowne. 1635." MS. pp. I and 27. — Holmes' History of Cambridge. Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. vii. pp. 7-8. XXxiv INTRODUCTION. and in the autumn took down the frame of his house, and moved it to Boston. This caused much dissatisfaction, as many thought that the prospects of the town would be thereby injured. Dudley was especially displeased, and followed up this and other charges which he had against Winthrop, so as to produce a temporary alienation between them. The matter was afterwards amicably settled, hav- ing been referred to a conference of ministers ; * and the town continued to grow, notwithstanding the loss of the Governor. In August, 1632, it was largely increased by the arrival of those who had composed the congregation of the Rev. Thomas Hooker at Chelmsford, county of Essex, England. They left Mount Wollaston, where they had established themselves, for Newtown, by order of the Gen- eral Court. f At their urgent solicitation, their pastor, Mr. Hooker, eluding with difficulty the officers of the High Commission, came to New England in the " Griffin." He reached Boston on the 4th of September, 1633, t and went immediately to Newtown, where he was soon after chosen minister. Many of the people were pooi , and there was, at times, a scarcity of food. But the town flourished, the inhabitants being fortunately spared by the Indians, who had them at their mercy. Wood, who visited it before his return to England in August, 1633, thus describes it: — " This is one of the neateft and beft compared Townes in JVew England^ having many faire ftrudlures, with many hand- fome contrived ftreets. The inhabitants moll of them are very rich, and well ftored with Cattail of all forts." § * Holmes' Cambridge, pp. 8 and n. Winthrop's Life and Letters, Vol. ii. pp. 91-102. t Winthrop's New England, Vol i. pp. 87-8. J: Ibid., pp 108-9. § N. E. Proipea:, p. 43. INTRODUCTION. XXXV At length there was a complaint of want of room. Men were accordingly sent to visit Ipswich, with a view to removing there. After much discussion, however, the town was enlarged, and the people remained. In 1635 Dudley and Bradstreet are found entered among the inhabitants of Ipswich.* As early as Jan. 17, 1632, O.S., fearing some trouble from their French neighbors, among other precautions, it was agreed at a General Court, "that a plantation should be begun at Agawam, (being the best place in the land for tillage and cattle,) least an enemy, finding it void, should possess and take it from us. The governour's son (being one of the assistants) was to undertake this, and to take no more out of the bay than twelve men ; the rest to be supplied at the coming of the next ships." f This was done in March, and the little settlement was called Ipswich in August, 1634. |: The ninth church in the Colony, being the next to that at Cambridge, was gathered there in the same year.§ Mr. Nathaniel Ward was made pastor of the Church, his place being supplied in 1636 by Mr. Nathaniel Rogers. || Ips- wich was included in the order of the General Court passed September 3d, 1635, that no dwelHng-house should be above half a mile from the meeting-house. H This precautionary measure, owing to greater danger from the Indians, was followed in the spring of 1636-7 by orders that watches should be kept, that people should travel with * Felt's History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton, 1S34, pp. lo-n. t Winthrop's New England, Vol. i. pp. 98-9. i Mass. Colony Records, Vol. i. p. 123. § Winthrop's New England, Vol. i. p. 94, n. 2. II Johnson's Wonder-working Providence, p. 88. t Mass. Colony Records, Vol. i p. 157 XXXVl INTRODUCTION. arms, and should bring them to the public assemblies. Mr. Daniel Dennison, Mrs. Bradstreet's brother-in-law, was chosen captain for Ipswich.* Mrs. Bradstreet mentions her residing there, but we have no particulars respecting her stay in that town. On the 4th of March, 1634-5, "It is ordered, that the land aboute Cochichowicke shalbe reserved for an inland plantacon, & that whosoeuer will goe to inhabite there shall haue three yeares iiiiunity from all taxes, levyes, publique charges & services whatsoeuer (millitary dissipline onely excepted)," &c., &c.t This is the first mention that we find of what was afterwards the town of Andover. In September, 1638, Mr. Bradstreet, Mr. Dudley, Junior, Captain Dennison, Mr. Woodbridge, and eight others, "are alowed (vpon their petition) to begin a plantation at Merrimack." i They do not appear to have left Ipswich immediately, nor do we know the exact j'ear when they went to Andover. It is certain, however, that these and others had already estabhshed themselves at Andover before the year 1644,5 in the September of which year two churches were ap- pointed to be gathered, — one at Haverhill, and the other at Andover. || Mrs. Bradstreet's son Simon, afterwards minister at New London, Conn., says in his manuscript diary : — " 1640. I was borne in N. England, at Ipfwitch Septem. 28, being Munday J640. * Mass. Colony Records, Vol. i. pp. 190-1. t /iiW., p. 141. J /1,,-a., p. 237. § Abbot's History of Andover, 1829, p. 13. II Winthrop's New England, Vol. ii. p. 194. INTRODUCTION. XXXvii "165 1. I had my Education in the fame Town at the free School, the mafter of w'ch was my ever refpedted ffreind Mr. Ezekiell Cheevers. My Father was removed from Ipfw. to Andover, before I was putt to fchool, fo y' my fchoohng was more chargeable." This, though not exact, helps us to fix the time of their removal. This tract of land was bought of Cutshamache, "Saga- more of y" Massachusets " by John Woodbridge, in behalf of the inhabitants of Cochichewick, " for y" fuiTie of 6i & a coate ; " and in 1646 the town was incorporated by the name of Andover.* The first settlements were made near Cochichewick Brook, the principal part of the town being near the meeting-house, though the houses were too far apart to form much of a village. This is that portion of the town now called North Andover. Not far from the site of the first meeting-house is a large old-fashioned house, the oldest in the town. There is a tradition that this house was built and occupied by Governor Bradstreet, and it is certain that it was the residence of his son, Dudley Bradstreet. I Governor Bradstreet's house was burnt to the ground in July, 1666; I and, if the present house was built to supply the place of the old one, Mrs. Bradstreet may have lived in it for a few years, as she did not die until September, 1672, and then in Andover. It has always been believed in the town, that this was the Govern- or's house ; and its size, the solidity of its construction, and its position, certainly tend to strengthen this conclusion. It stands on the old Haverhill and Boston road, within a * Mass. Colony Records, Vol. ii. p. 159; Abbot's Andover, p. 11. t Abbot's Andover, pp. 19 and 98. t See page 40. XXXviii INTRODUCTION. few feet of the way, and has a southerly aspect. It has two full stories in front, but slopes to a single one in the rear. The rooms on both sides of the front door are high-studded, the floor having been sunk not long since. The doors are small, and very low. The walls of some of the rooms are wainscotted, while others are papered in the modern style. The frame of the house is very heavy, with massive old timbers ; and an immense chimney, strongly buttressed on its four sides, runs up in the centre. On the lawn in front of the house are some beautiful elms, one of which is noted for its unusual size.* The ground, falling abruptly from the easterly side of the house into a deep hollow where there is a little brook, rises again into a hill on the slope of which once stood the meeting-house, not a vestige of which is now left. Opposite its site is the old burying- ground, an irregular lot, sparsely covered with ancient moss-grown stones, in all positions straggling, broken, and neglected, and overrun with tall grass and weeds. Some few, including several tombs with horizontal slabs, are more modern and better preserved. The Merrimac is but a mile and a quarter distant, and the Cochichewick is quite near. The views from the hill-tops in the vicinity are charming, though it is difficult to imagine the appearance the town presented when it was first settled, and there was an unbro- ken circle of woods in every direction. Now the visitor has to gaze on the smooth sides of the green hills, the coun- try sparsely covered with houses, and the long line of the * This tree, more than twentj-five years ago, measured sixteen and a half feet in circumference, at one foot above the ground. Abbot's Andover, p. 195. A view of the house is given in the frontispiece. INTRODUCTION. XXxix great mills of Lawrence in the distance, which last, more than any thing else, tell of the wonderful change wrought by two centuries of progress. Dr. Timothy Dwight, who had an opportunity (in 1810) to see this town before it lost so much of its native beauty, gives the following descrip- tion of it : — "North Andover is a very beautiful piece of ground. Its surface is elegantly undulating, and its soil in an eminent de- gree fertile. The meadows are numerous, large, and of the first quality. The groves, charmingly interspersed, are tall and thrifty. The landscape, every where varied, neat, and cheerful, is also, everywhere rich. " The Parish is a mere collection of plantations, without any thing like a village. " Upon the whole, Andover is one of the best farming Towns in Eastern Massachusetts." * Mr. John Woodbridge was ordained pastor of the church at Andover in October, 1645.! He was the husband of Mrs. Bradstreet's sister Mercy. He was born at Stanton, near Highworth, in Wiltshire, about 1613, of which parish his father was minister. He had been some time at Oxford, but was unable to complete the course there, owing to his own and his father's unwillingness that he shovild take the oath of conformity required of him. About the year 1634, he came to New England, with his uncle, Mr. Thomas Parker, and settled at Newbury. | From that place, as we have seen, he moved to Andover. In 1647 he sailed for the old country, probably taking with him * Travels. New Haven : 1821. Vol. i. p. 401. t Winthrop's New England, Vol. ii. pp. 252-3. t Mather's Magiialia, Bk. iii. p. 219. xl INTRODUCTION. the manuscript poems of our author. These he caused to be pubhshed in London in 1650, under the tide of "The Tenth Mufe Lately fprung up in America. Or Severall Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and Learn- ing, full of delight. ... By a Gentlewoman in thofe parts." * They were introduced to the reader in a short preface in which the author is described as "a Woman, honoured, and efleemed where Ihe lives, for her gracious demeanour, her eminent parts, her pious converfation, her courteous difpofition, her exa6t diligence in her place, and difcreet mannaging of her family occafions." The poems were said to be "the fruit but of fome few houres, curtailed from her fleep, and other refrefhments." He also adds : " I feare the difpleafure of no perfon in the publifhing of thefe Poems but the Authors, without whofe knowledge, and contrary to her expectation, I have prefumed to bring to publick view what fhe refolved fhould never in fuch a manner fee the Sun ; but I found that divers had gotten fome fcattered papers, afFe6ted them wel, were likely to have fent forth broken pieces to the Authors prejudice, which I thought to prevent, as well as to pleafure thofe that earneftly delired the view of the whole." f That Woodbridge was pi-incipally concerned in their publicadon appears yet more fully from a poedcal epistle signed "L W." and addressed "To my deare Sifter the Author of thefe Poems" which follows soon after. $ Besides this, there are other commendatory verses, in which her poems are praised most extravagantly, by the Rev. N. * See page 79. -f First edition, pp. iii-iv. See pages 83-4. t See page 86. INTRODUCTION. xH Ward, who had been one of her neighbors and her minister at Ipswich; by the Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge, and other friends and admirers of hers. There are some ana- grams on her name, a poetical dedication by her of the whole to her father,* and a prologue. The first four pieces in the book, "The Foure Elements," "The Foure Humours in Man's Conftitution," "The Four Ages of Man," and "The Four Seafons of the Year," are really four parts of one entire poem. In this the sixteen personified characters — Fire, Earth, Water, Aire, Ch'oler, Blood, Melancholy, Flegme, Childhood, Youth, Middle Age, Old Age, Spring, Summer, Autumne, and Winter— like the embodied ab- stractions of the old English moral plays, appear upon the stage, where each sets forth successively his various quali- ties, and boasts of the great power which he exerts for good or evil in the world. f Next comes the poem on "The Four Monarchies of the World," the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman, which takes up more than half of the whole volume. To these are added, "A Dialogue between Old- * The date, March 20, 1642, attached to this Dedication in the second edition, may have led to a mistake as to the time when the first edition was published. Mr. Allibone, in his " Dictionary of Authors," and Mr. Gris- wold, in his "Female Poets of America," state it to have been in 1640; and in Appleton's " Cyclopzedia of Biography" it is given as 1642. Both dates are wrong, the first edition being published in 1650. t The Percy Society have reprinted, in the twenty-second volume of their "Publications," "one of the earliest moral plays in the English language known to exist," called "The Interlude of the Four Elements." Some of the " dyvers matters whiche be in this Interlude conteynyd," are " Of the sytuacyon of the iiij. elementes, that is to say, the Yerth, the Water, the Ayre, and Fyre, and of their qualytese and propertese, and of the gen- eracyon and corrupcyon of thynges made of the commyxton of them." But none of the Elements themselves are players, and there is nothing contained in the play similar to what we find in Mrs. Bradstreet's verses. xlii INTRODUCTION. England and New, Concerning their prefent troubles. Anno 1642 ; " elegies upon Sir Philip Sidney and Queen Elizabeth; a poem "In honour of Du Bartas, 1641 ;" "David's Lamentation for Saul, and 'Jonathan,''' versified from the second book of Samuel ; and another, and the last, " Of the vanity of all worldly creatures" Of the merit of these productions, I will say but little, leaving the reader to judge for himself on this point. I can hardly expect, however, that, after ' twice drinking the neia, or a Description of the Body of Man, collected and translated out of all the best Authors of Anatomy, especially out of Caspar, Bauchinus, and A. Sourentius. Lond. 1615, 1618, 1631. fol. A large work, illustrated with the plates of Vesalius and others. — An Explanation of the fashion and use of three and fifty Instruments of Chirurgery. Lond. 1631, fol. The same Lond. 1634, 8vo. Taken chiefly from Parey." [Am- brose Pare', a French surgeon.] INTRODUCTION. li Du Bartas, as translated by Joshua Sylvester, was her favorite author. However distasteful his writings may be to readers of the present day, they were then exceedingly popular, and we are told that Milton not only found pleas- ure in reading them, but was to some extent indebted to them.* Mrs. Bradstreet, besides her special tribute to his memory, constantly displays her admiration for Du Bartas. This liking was known to her friends ; and in her dedica- tion of her " Poems " to her father, she felt it necessary expressly to disclaim having copied from him at all. How much she really owed to him it is hard to tell. The gen- eral idea of her longer poems ma}' have been suggested by reading his works, and her style and manner may have been affected in the same way.j * Craik's English Literature, Vol. i. p. 569, and note 2. Bohn's Bib- liographer's Manual, sub Du Bartas. t Guillaume de Saluste du Bartas, born of noble parents near Auch about 1544, and brought up to the profession of war, distinguished himself as a soldier and a negotiator. Holding the same religious views as Henry IV. before he became King of France, and attached to the person of that prince in the capacity of gentleman in ordinary of his bed-chamber, he was successfully employed by him on missions to Denmark, Scotland, and England. He was at the battle of Ivry, and celebrated in song the victory which he had helped to gain. He died four months after, in July, 1590, at the age of forty-six, in consequence of some wounds which had been badly healed. He passed all the leisure which his duties left him at his chateau du Bartas. It was there that he composed his long and numer- ous poems : La Premiere Semaine, that is, the Creation in seven days ; L'Uram'e, Judith, Le Triomfhe de la Foi, Les Neuf Muses, and La Seconde Semaine. The last work is very strangely entitled, as it com- prehends a great part of the Old Testament histories. His principal poem. La Semaine, went through more than thirty editions in less than six years, and was translated into Latin, Italian, Spanish, Englith, Ger- man, and Dutch. Michaud ; Biographie Universelle, sub Bartas. Sylvester's translation of Du Bartas's works was first published in a Ill INTRODUCTION. Sir Philip Sidney was also a great favorite with Mrs. Bradstreet, but she was not able to praise his works in such unqualified terms as she does those of Du Bartas. Her criticisms are quite entertaining. She refers to the " Historie of Great Britaine " by Speed, and to Camden's "Annales,"* as if she had read them, and she probably derived some of the facts used in the " Dialogue between Old-England and New " from the former. She was not ignorant of the works of Spenser, f but she does not dis- cuss their merits. The earliest date attached to any of Mrs. Bradstreet's writings is that of a posthumous poem entitled " Upon a Fit of Sicknefs, ^««o. 1632. yEtatis fuce, ig."X This was written at a time of great despondency, and certainly does not show the signs of much poetic genius. The elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney bears date 1638 ; the poem in honor of Du Bartas, 1641 ; the Dialogue between Old- England and New, 1642 ; the Dedication of the " Poems " to her father (in the second edition), March 20, 1642 ; and the poem in honor of Queen Elizabeth, 1643. AH the "Poems," in the first edition at least, were thus apparently written by the time she was thirty years old. Of her mother, who died on the 27th of December, 1643, scarcely any thing is known, not even her maiden quarto volume in London in 1605, tlie parts of which it was composed having previously appeared separately. The title of the edition of 1621 was "Du Bartas. His Diuine Weekes and Workes, with a Com- pleate Collection of all the other most delightfull Workes, Translated and Written by y' famous Philomusus Josvah Sylvester, Gent." Others had also competed with Sylvester in this work. * See page 358. f See pages 34S and 35S. X See page 391. INTRODUCTION. liii name. Her homely virtues are thus simply recorded by her daughter : — "An EPITAPH On my dear mid ever honoured Mother Airs. Dorothy Dudley, zvho dcceafed Decemb. 27. 1643. and of her age, 61 ; Here lyes, A Worthy Matron of unfpotted life, A loving Mother and obedient ivife, A friendly Neighbor, pitiful to poor, Whom oft file fed, and clothed -vjith her flore ; To Servants wifely azveful, but yet kind, And as they did,fo they reward did find: A true Infiruder of her Family, The ivJiich flie ordered -with dexterity. The publick tneetings ever did frequent, And in her Clofet confiaiit hours fJte fpent; Religious in all her words and wayes. Preparing flill for death, till end of dayes : Of all her Children, Children, liv'd to fee, Then dying, left a bleffed memory." * After the death of this lady, Governor Dudley married, on the 14th of the following April, Catherine, widowr of Samuel Hackburne.t He died on the 31st of July, 1653, * See page 369. t Governor Dudley had the following children by his first wife : — 1. Samuel; born in England, in 1610. Married three times, first in 1632 or '33, Mary, daughter of Governor Winthrop. Settled minister at Exeter, N.H., in 1650, where he died in January, 1682, O.S. Had eighteen children. 2. Anne ; married Governor Bradstreet. 3. Patience; married Major-General Daniel Denison. Died Feb. 8, 1690, O.S. Had two children. liv INTRODUCTION. in the seventy-seventh year of his age.* He moved from Ipswich to Roxbury about the year 1639,! and resided there during the rest of his Ufe. From the time of his arrival in America he had been a magistrate ; he had held the offices of Governor, Deputy-Governor, Assistant, and Justice of the Peace ; he was in May, 1636, together with Winthrop, chosen Councillor for life ; in 1644 he was elected the first Major-General ; he had been appointed to hold court in various places, and had received many other tokens of the regard and confidence of the people.^ He has been charged with bigotry and intolerance, faults which certainly did not distinguish him from most of his contemporaries, 4. Sarah; baptized July 23, 1620, at Serapringham ; married Major Benjamin Keayne, of Boston, and was divorced from him in 1647. She afterwards married Pacye, and died Nov. 3, 1659. 5. Mercy; born Sept. 27, 1621 ; married the Rev. John Woodbridge in 1639; and died in July, 1691. Had twelve children. 6. Dorothy; died Feb. 27, 1643. By his second wife he had, — 1. Deborah; born Feb. 27, 1644-5; died unmarried Nov. i, 1683. ^. Joseph; born Sept. 23, 1647; married in 1668 Rebecca, daughter of Edward Tyng, and died April 2, 1720. He was Governor of Massachusetts, Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight, and first Chief-Justice of New York. He had thirteen children, one of whom, Paul, was also a distin- guished man; being Attorney-General, and afterwards Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, Fellow of the Royal Society, and founder of the Dudleian Lectures at Harvard College. 3. Paul ; born Sept. 8, 1650, married Mary, daughter of Governor John Leverett, and died 1681-82. Had three children." * See page 365. t Felt's Ipswich, p. 72. J Massachusetts Colony Records, Vols. I. -III. « " Sutton-Dudleys," p. 97. Dudley Genealogies, p. 18. N. E. Hist, Gen. Register, Vol. i. pp. 71-2; Vol. A. pp. 130-6. Mass Hist. Soc. Proceedings (1860-62), pp. 93, 95. INTRODUCTION. Iv either here or in England. If he was stern, blunt, and overbearing, he was at the same time placable, generous, and hospitable. He was a faithful and an able magistrate, and conscientiously discharged all his duties. He had some knowledge of law, and was a shrewd business man, but honest in all his dealings. In short, he presented that varied phase of character that one might expect to find in a man who had had such a rough experience in life. He left fifty or sixty books, principally on history and divinity, some of them in Latin, and forming what was then a large library.* Mather has preserved a Latin epitaph in his "Magnalia," signed "E. R." [Ezekiel Rogers] , in which Dudley is described as a ** Helluo Librorum^ Lcctorum Bibliotkeca Communis., Sacrae Syllabus Historiae." \ Mrs. Bradstreet, too, calls him "a magazine of history," and acknowledges that he was her "guide" and " instructor," J and that it was to him that she owed her love of books. In some verses to her father, she says : — " Moft truly honoured, and as truly dear, If worth in me, or ought I do appear. Who can of right better demand the fame? Then may your worthy felf from whom it came." § If we may judge from a reference in her "Dedication," it is probable that he had written a poem "On the Four Parts of the World," || which might even have been printed. But, if it was similar to the oft-quoted verses said to have * Suflfolk Probate Records, Lib. ii. Fol. 133. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. xii. pp. 355-6. t Magnalia, Bk. ii. p. 17. t See pages 365 and 368. § See page 398. II See page 97. IVl INTRODUCTION. been found in his pocket after his death,* we ought not to complain that the poem is among the lost books of the world. Having had £500 left to him when he was very young, f he had always been prosperous, being the wealth- iest man in Roxbury, where the people were generally well- to-do. He was the owner of a large quantity of land, and at the time of his death his property was appraised at £1560. I05. id.,^ which was a considerable sum in this country at that early date. He interested himself in town affairs, and headed the list of those who entered into an * These verses are thus given by Mather (Magnalia, Bk. ii. p. 17.) In the old manuscript life in "The Sutton Dudleys," p. 37, there is a somewhat different version : — " Dim Eyes, Deaf Ears, Cold Stomach, JIic-jj My DiJPolution is in Vievj. Eleven times Seven near liv'd have I, And now God calls, I -willing- Die. My Shuttle's y/tot, my Race is run. My Sun is fet, my Day is done. My Sfan is mea/ur'd, Tale is told. My Florver is faded, and grovjn old. My Dream is vaniJJi'd, Shadow's fled, My Soul -with Chrift, my Body Dead. Fareuiel Dear Wife, Children and Friends, Hate Herejie, make Blejfed Ends. Bear Poverty, live -with good Men ; So JJiall -we live -with Joy agcn. Let Men of God in Courts and Churches watch O're fuch as do a Toleration hatch, Lcji tliat III Egg bring forth a Cockatrice, To poifon all with Herejie and Vice. If Men be left, and otherwife Combine, My Epitaph's, I JiBa'a no Eibtrtinc" t " Sutton-Dudleys,'' p. 24. % Suffolk Probate Records, Lib. ii. Fol. 134. INTRODUCTION. Ivii agreement in August, 1645, to support a free school in Roxbury.* Mrs. Bradstreet had eight children, four sons and four daiighters ; a fact which she has recorded in some fanciful verses, beginning, — "I had eight birds hatcht in one neft, Four Cocks there were, and Hens the reft, I nurft them up with pain and care, Nor coft, nor labour did I fpare, Till at the laft thej felt their wing. Mounted the Trees, and learn'd to ling; "f She goes on at some length, carrying out the simile, and describes their past life, their condition at that time, and her solicitude for their future health and happiness. Prompted by her love for her children, she wrote out her religious experiences, in a little book in which she also kept a record, partly in prose and partly in verse, of her sick- nesses, her religious feelings, and the most important inci- dents in her life. J The earliest date in it is July 8, 1656, § but it was undoubtedly begun before that. Having had from her birth a very delicate constitution, prostrated when only sixteen years old by the small-pox, troubled at one time with lameness, subject to frequent attacks of sickness, to fevers, and to fits of fainting, she bore these numerous inflictions with meekness and resig- nation. Recognizing the inestimable blessing of health, she regarded it as the reward of virtue, and looked upon * History of Roxburj Town, by Charles M. Ellis. Boston : 1847, p. 37. Mr. Ellis has given the best sketch of Dudley's life which I have seen (pp. 97-104). t See page 400. t See pages 2-39. § See page 17. Iviii INTRODUCTION. her various maladies as tokens of the divine displeasure at her thoughtlessness or wrong-doing. She says that her religious belief was at times shaken ; but her doubts and fears were soon banished, if, indeed, they were not exag- gerated in number and importance by her tender con- science. Her children were constantly in her mind. It was for them that she committed to writing her own re- ligious experiences, her own feelings of joy or sorrow at the various changes which brightened or darkened her life. Her most pointed similes are drawn from the familiar incidents of domestic life, especially the bringing-up of children. From some of these references it would seem as if she had found among her own children the most diverse traits of character ; that some of them were obedi- ent and easily governed, while others were unruly and headstrong ; and that she derived an intense satisfaction from contemplating the virtues of some, while she deplored the failings of others. Notwithstanding the comfort she took in her children, notwithstanding the happiness of her married life, she continually dwells on the vanity of all worldly delights, the shortness of life, and the great ills to which humanity is subject. She found, however, a never-failing solace for all her troubles in prayer. " I have had," she writes, "great experience of God's hear- ing my Prayers, and returning comfortable Anfwers to me, either in granting y^ Thing I prayed for, or elfe," she adds, with a charming frankness, "in fatiffying my mind without it." * In November, 1657, her son Samuel, her eldest child, sailed for England, f He graduated at Harvard College " See page 7. f See page 24. INTRODUCTION. lix in the year 1653, but his age is not known, though at that time he could not have been more than twenty. Mrs. Bradstreet says, " It pleafed God to keep me a long time without a child, which was a great grief to me, and coil mee many prayers and tears before I obtaind one."* Samuel was, — "The Son of Prayers, of vowes, of teares, The child I flay'd for many yeares." f and she was very loth to part with him, but she committed him at last to the care of Providence, and was rewarded by welcoming him home safe, in July, i66i.| Her husband's mission to England in January, 1661-2, must have been an event of great importance in her life. Devotedly attached to him as she was, and unhappy when separated from him for even a short time, the circumstances under which he went were such as to make her particularly anxious during his absence. The news of the restoration of Charles II. to the throne had been somewhat coldly received by the Massachusetts colonists. They were justly apprehensive that their indifference, if not actual hostility, to his cause during the Civil War, their severe treatment of the Quakers, and their assumption of the powers of an independent state, might now be brought up against them, and result in a serious diminution of the privileges they had up to that time enjoyed. The complaints of the Quakers, and the exertions of those who had suffered by or who were disaffected with the Massachusetts men, were so violent, and met with such success, that the latter were obliged, by the order of the King, to send agents to plead * See page 5. t See page 24. t Sec page 28. Ix INTRODUCTION. their cause and repel these attacks at Court. The unwil- lingness of the Government to send these Commissioners was only equalled by the distaste of those upon whom their choice had fallen — Mr. Bradstreet and the Rev. Mr. Nor- ton — for this delicate and unpleasant duty. Mr. Norton was particularly disinclined to have any thing to do with the matter, but his scruples were finally overcome. Having i^ecovered from a severe attack of sickness, whose sudden approach delayed their departure, Norton embarked with Bradstreet on the loth of February. On the following morning they set sail for England, John Hull, the mint- master of the Colony, being a fellow-passenger with them. They arrived in London the last of March, and were suc- cessful in their endeavors, — to divert the anger of the king, to put a favorable construction on the past acts of the Col- ony, and to secure for it an extension of the royal favor. On the 3d of September, they returned in the ship "Society," bringing with them a letter from the King, in which the charter privileges were confirmed, and all past errors par- doned. The satisfaction which this gave was more than counterbalanced by the rest of the letter, which enjoined a fuller establishment of the King's authority, and contained other matter equally distasteful to the people. The conse- quence was, that the two agents became extremely unpopu- lar, and this cold treatment was thought to have hastened the death of Norton, who grew very melancholy, and died on the 5th of the following April. While they were in England, fears were entertained for their safety, and re- ports came in private letters that they had been detained, and that Mr. Norton was in the Tower. And, according to Sewel, the Quaker historian, who gives no very flatter- INTRODUCTION. 1 XI ing account of their conduct in London, they were really in some danger.* Mrs. Bradstreet had from time to time been writing under the name of " Meditations " some apothegms, sug- gested mainly by the homely events of her own experience. This was done at the request of her son Simon, to whom they were dedicated March 20, 1664.! The "Meditations" display much more ability, much greater cultivation of mind, and a deeper thoughtfulness than most of her other works. She shows in them a more correct taste than in her "Poems." We must take her word for their originality. " I have avoyded," she says, " incroaching upon others con- ceptions becaufe I would leave you nothing but myne owne, though in value they fall Ihort of all in this kinde." And again she reminds him that "There is no new thing vnder y" fun, there is nothing that can be fayd or done, but either that or fomething like'it hath been both done and fayd before." | In July, 1666, by the burning of the house at Andover, her papers, books, and many other things of great value to her, were destroyed. She had intended to complete her poetical account of "The Roman Monarchy," and had spent much time in preparing a continuation of it, but the loss of what she had already finished made her abandon the work altogether. § Her son Simon thus notices this disaster in his diary, and represents his father's loss as very great : — "July. 12. 1666. Whilft I was at N. London my fathers houfe at Andover was burnt, where I loft my Books, and many of my * See pages 32-9. Hutchinson's History, Vol. i. pp. 201-5; Hull's Diaries, Arch. Amer., Vol. iii. pp. i53-4> and 204-8; History of the Qua- kers, by William Sewel. London : 1725, pp. 279-80. t See page 47. t See page 53. § See pages 40 and 329. Ixii INTRODUCTION. clothes, to the valeiu of 50 or 60 ft at leaft ; The Lord gaue, and the Lord hath taken, bleffed bee the Name of the Lord. The : my own lofle of books (and papers efpec.) was great and my fathers far more benig about Soo, yet y" Lord was pleafed gratioufly many wayes to make up y" fame to us. It is there- fore good to truft in the Lord." There could have been little of variety to call Mrs. Brad- street aside from the daily routine of her quiet country life. Attendance on the frequent and long-protracted religious meetings, and the duties of her household, must have occu- pied her time when she was well. She had evidently exposed herself to the criticism of her neighbors by study- ing and writing so much. The fact of a woman's being able to compose any thing possessing any literary merit was regarded with the greatest surprise by her contempo- raries, and was particularly dwelt upon by her admirers.* In the " Prologue " she says : — " I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who fays my hand a needle better fits, A Poets pen all fcorn I fliould thus wrong, For fuch defpite they caft on Female wits : If what I do prove well, it won't advance, They'l fay it's ftoln, or elfe it was by chance." t * See pages S3-92. There is a paragraph in Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's sketch of Miss Hannah More (probably written by Mrs. Hall) which shows that public opinion changed quite slowly on this point. "In this age, when female talent is so rife, — when, indeed, it is not too much to say women have fully sustained their right to equality with men in reference to all the productions of the mind, — it is difficult to comprehend the popularity, almost amounting to adoration, with which a woman writer was regarded little more than half a century ago. Medi- ocrity was magnified into genius, and to have printed a book, or to have written even a tolerable poem, was a passport into the very highest society." "Art Journal." London: 1866. p. 187. f See page loi. INTRODUCTION. Ixiii The forests were still stocked with wild beasts, and there was constant fear of assaults and depredations by the In- dians. She wandered in the woods, however, and found great pleasure in meditating on their ever winning charms, their grand and quiet beauty- By far the best of all her "Poems" was the result of one of these rambles. It ap- peared for the first time in the second edition, under the name of " Contemplations." * She describes with great spirit the sights and sounds of the forest, the fields and the stream, and makes us wish that she had done more in this st34e, for which many of the poets of her time were distinguished. It was doubtless by the side of the untamed Merrimac, before its rushing waters were made to pour through the immense structures which now line its banks, that she sat and pondered. The great dam which now spans the river at Lawrence is only two miles from the spot where the first settlement of Andover was made, and where Mrs. Bradstreet lived when she wrote, — " Under the cooling fhadow of a ftately Elm Clofe fate I by a goodly Rivers fide, Where gliding ftreams the Rocks did overwhelm ; A lonely place, with pleafures dignifi'd." t This "Poem" proves that she had true poetic feeling, and shows to what she could rise when she was willing to throw aside her musty folios and read the fresh book of nature. " And Wisdom's self Oft seeks to sweet retired solitude, Where, with her best nurse Contemplation, She plumes her feathers, and lets grow her wings, That in the various bustle of resort, W^ere all-to ruffled, and sometimes impair'd." t * See page 370. t See page 377- t Milton's Comus, 375-80. Ixiv INTRODUCTION. The revision of her " Poems " must have been no small undertaking, and from some of the references in the many additions which she made, it is evident that she was en- gaged upon this work as late at least as 1666. Sympa- thizing, as she naturally did, with Parliament and the Puritans, she said much in the first edition, written at the outbreak of the Civil War, which she felt obliged to omit or modify to suit the state of things existing under the Restoration. Although she speaks of a ^' Brittijli bruitifh Cavaleer," and dignifies him with the titles of "wretch" and " monfler," yet she has to come down to calling Crom- well a " Ufurper." Indeed, these alterations form one of the most diverting features of the book. It must be con- fessed, however, that she rather inclined from the first to be a Monarchist, and that her hatred of Papists admitted of not the slightest compromise. She had never set a very great value on the pleasures of this world, and had always been ready to abandon them for the joys which she expected to find in another. In the last piece which we have in her writing, dated Aug. 31, 1669,* she represents herself as positively weary of life and longing to die. Three years after, her wish was granted, and she was released from suffering. Her son Simon's sad account of her sickness and death proves that it must have been in reality a blessing to her : — " September 16. 1672. My ever honoured & most dear Mother was tranflated to Heaven. Her death was occalioned by a con- fuinption being wasted to fkin & bone & She had an ifllie made in her arm bee : she was much troubled with rheum, & one of y" women y' tended herr dreffing her arm, f'd fhee never faw * See pages 42-4. INTRODUCTION. IxV such an arm in her Life, I, f'd my most dear Mother, but y' arm fhall bee a Glorious Arm. I being abfent fro her lost the opportunity of comitting to memory her pious & memorable xprefsions vttered in her fick- neffe. O y' the good Lord would give vnto me and mine a heart to walk in her steps, conlidering what the end of her Con- verfation was, y' fo wee might one day haue a happy & glorious greeting." Mrs. Bradstreet's burial-place is unknown. No stone bearing her name can be found in the old graveyard at Andover, and it is not at all improbable that her remains were deposited in her father's tomb at Roxbury. As no portrait of her is in existence, the reader will have to con- template her image in her works, where she will reveal to him all the graces of a loving mother, a devoted wife, and a devout Christian. Three years after her death, Edward Phillips, the nephew of Milton, has this brief notice of her in his " Theatrum Poetarum : " — " Anne Bradsireet, a New-England poetess, no less in title ; viz. before her Poems^ prmted in Old-England anno 1650 ; then [than] The tenth Muse sprung up in America; the memory of which poems, consisting chiefly of Descriptions of the Fotir Ele- ments^ the Four Humours; the Four Ages, the Four Seasons, and the Four Monarchies, is not yet wholly extinct." * Quite different from this is the pompous eulogy of Cotton Mather: — " But when I mention the Poetry of this Gentleman [Gov. Dudley] as one of his Accomplifhments, I muft not leave unraen- * First published in London in 1675. Third Edition. Reprinted by Sir Egerton Brydges, Bart. etc. Geneva; 1S24. p. (48). § 108. IxVl INTRODUCTION. tioned the Fame with which the Poems of one defcended from him have been Celebrated in both Englands. If the rare Learn- ing of a Daughter, was not the leaft of thofe bright things that adorn'd no lefs a Judge of England than Sir Thomas More ; it must now be said, that a Judge of New England, namely, Thotnas Dudley, Esq ; had a Daughter (befides other Children) to be a Crown unto him. Reader, America juftly admires the Learned Women of the other HemiJ'phere. She has heard of thofe that were Tutorejfes to the Old Profeffors of all Philofophy : She hath heard of Hippatia, who formerly taught the Liberal Arts ; and of Sarocchia, who more lately was very often the Modera- trix in the Difputations of the Learned Men of Rome : She has been told of the Three Corinnce's, which equall'd, if not ex- cell'd, the molt Celebrated Poets of their Time. She has been told of the Emprefs Eudocia, who Compofed Poetical Para- phrafes on Divers Parts of the Bible ; and of Rofuida, who wrote the Lives of Holy Men ; and of Paraphilia, who wrote other Hiflories unto the Life : The Writings of the most Re- nowned Anna Maria Schurnian, have come over unto her. But the now praj'S, that into fuch Catalogues of Authorejfes, as Severovicius, Hottinger, and Voetius, have given unto the World, there may be a room now given unto Madam ^nn Bratjftreet, the Daughter of our Governour Dudley, and the Confort of our Governour Bradftreet, whofe Poems, divers times Printed, have afforded a grateful Entertainment unto the Ingenious, and a Monument for her Memory beyond the State- lieft Marbles." * Six years after her death, in 1678, the second edition of- her "Poems" was brought out in Boston, j being one of the earliest volumes of poems printed in America. It was the work of John Foster, who had set up a press in * Magnalia, Bk. ii. p. 17. t See pages v, vii-viii, Si et seq. INTRODUCTION. ■ Ixvii Boston in 1675 or '76, and who issued the first book ever printed in that town.* Of Mrs. Bradstreet's eight children,! ^^1 but one, Dorothy, * Thomas's History of Printing, Vol. i. p. 275; History of Dorcliester, Mass., pp. 244 and 493. t Tlie3' were, — 1. Samuel; graduated at Harvard College in 1653. He went to Eng- land in November, 1657. and returned in July, 1661. He was a fellow of Harvard College, and represented Andover in the General Court in 1670. He practised as a physician in Boston for many years, but afterwards removed to the island of Jamaica, where he died in August, 1682. He was twice married; first to Mercy, daughter of William Tyng, by whom he had five children, only one of whom survived him. He had three children, who were living with their grandfather. Governor Bradstreet, at the time of the latter's death, by a second wife, whose name is unknown. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. pp. 312-14; Vol. ix. pp. 113-4; Governor Bradstreet's will, Suffolk Probate Records, Lib. xi. Fol. 276. 2. Dorothy; married the Rev. Seaborn Cotton, eldest son of the Rev. John Cotton, of Boston, June 25, 1654. She had nine children, and died Feb. 26, 1672. Her husband was ordained pastor of the church at Hamp- ton, N.H., May 4, 1659, and died April 19, 1686, at the age of fifty-two, having survived her and married again. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. i. pp. 325-6; Vol. viii. p. 321; Vol. ix. p. 114; Hull's Diaries, pp. 1S7-8. 3. Sarah ; married Richard Hubbard, of Ipswich, brother of the Rev. William Hubbard, the historian. She had five children by him. He died May 3, 1681, and she afterwards married Major Samuel Ward, of Marble- head. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. p. 323 ; Felt's Ipswich, p. 164; Essex Institute Collections, Vol. iii. p. 66; Vol. iv. pp. 66, 71 ; Vol. v. pp. 92-3- 4. Simon ; was born at Ipswich, Sept. 28, 1640, and graduated at Har- vard College in 1660. He went to New London, Connecticut, to preach in May, 1666, and was ordained pastor of the church there Oct. 5, 1670. He was married Oct. 2, 1667, at Newbury, by his uncle, Major-General Daniel Denison, to his cousin Lucy, daughter of the Rev. John Woodbridge. They had five children. Pie died in the fall of 1683. His own MS. Diary; Caulkins's History of New London, passim; N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. pp. 316-17, and 378; Vol. ix. pp. 117-18. 5. Hannah; married Andrew Wiggin, of Exeter, N.H., June 14, 1659, Ixviii INTRODUCTION. were living at the time of her death. Her descendants have been very numerous, and many of them have more than made up by the excellence of their writings for whatever beauty or spirit hers may have lacked. Her grandson, the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, of Charlestown, son of the Rev. Simon of New London, Conn., although very eccentric, was one of the most learned men of his and died in 1707. She had five sons and five daughters. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. pp. 167 and 324; Vol. ix. p. 143. 6. Mercy; married Major Nathaniel Wade, of Medford, Oct. 31, 1672. She died Oct. 5, 1715, in her sixty-eighth year. She had eight children. N. E. Gen. Hist. Register, Vol. iii. p. 66; Vol. viii. p. 324; Vol. ix. p. 121 ; Brooks's History of Medford, p. 558; Essex Institute Collections, Vol. iv. pp. 68-69; Felt's Ipswich, p. 153. 7. Dudley; was born in 1648, and married Ann Wood, widow of Theo- dore Price, Nov. 12, 1673. He resided in Andover, which town he repre- sented in the General Court, besides holding many municipal offices in its gift. He was one of the Council of Safety between 1689 and 1692, was a colonel in the militia, and for many years a magistrate. During the witchcraft delusion in 1692, he granted thirty or forty warrants for the ap- prehension and imprisonment of the supposed witches; but, refusing after- wards to grant anj' more, he himself fell a victim to the same charge, and was obliged for a time to secrete himself. At the time of the attack of the Indians on Andover in 1698, he and his family were made prisoners, but immediately afterwards released. He died Nov. 13, 1702, having won the respect and confidence of his fellow-townsmen. He had three children. Abbot's Andover, pp. 18-19, 133, 154 et seq. ; N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. iii. p. 66; Vol. viii. p. 320; Savage's Genealogical Dictionary, Vol. i. p. 235 ; Butler's History of Groton, pp. 165-70. 8. John; was born in Andover, July 22, 1652, and resided in Topsfield. He married Sarah, daughter of the Rev. William Perkins of that town, June It, 1677. He died at Topsfield, Jan. 11, 1718. He had five children, and perhaps more. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. pp. 320-21 ; Vol. ix. p. 120; " Sutton-Dudleys," p. lor. In her poem " /« reference to her Chiliren" (p. 401), Mrs. Bradstreet speaks of her fift.'i child as being a son. This must be a misprint for seventh, as a comparison of the above dates will show. INTRODUCTION. Ixix day.* Among her descendants may be counted the cele- brated divine, Dr. Wm. E. Channing ; the Rev. Joseph Buckminster, of Portsmouth, N.H., his accomphshed son, the Rev. J. S. Buckminster, and his daughter, Mrs. Ehza B. Lee, who has so gracefully recorded her father's and her brother's lives ; Mr. Richard H. Dana, the poet, and his son, the Hon. R. H. Dana, Jr., eminent as a man of letters, a lawyer, and a jurist ; Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, the poet and humorist; Mr. Wendell Phillips, the orator; and Mrs. Eliza G. Thornton, of Saco, Maine, whose verses were once highly esteemed, t After Mrs. Bradstreet's death, her husband married, June 6, 1676, the widow of Captain Joseph Gardner, of Salem, who was killed in the storming of the Narragansett fort in December, 1675. She was a daughter of Emanuel Downing, and sister of Sir George Downing, Bart., who graduated in the first class of Harvard College, and became afterwards Ambassador from Cromwell and Charles II. successively at the Hague. She was born in London, but came to New England when very young. Her step-son Simon describes her as "a Gentl. of very good birth & education, and of great piety & prudence." :j: * Budington, pp. 111-16 and 125; Sprague's Annals, Vol. i. pp. 241-43; Mass. Hist. Coll. Vol. viii. p. 75 ; Vol. a. p. 170; Caulkins's New London, p. 193. •f See the " Pedigree of Bradstreet," in Drake's folio History of Boston, and the "Descendants of Governor Bradstreet," in N.E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. viii. pp. 313-25, and Vol. i.x. pp. 113-21. A book was published in Lon- don in 1858, with the title of " Six Legends of King Golden-Star, a poem by Anna Bradstreet.'' Whether this lady is a descendant or not I cannot say. t MS. Diary. She died at Salem, April 19, 1713, leaving no children by either husband. N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, Vol. xii. p. 219. Her will, with notes, is printed in the Essex Institute Collections, Vol. iv. pp. 185-90. Ixx INTRODUCTION. Upon the death of Mr. Symonds, in October, 1678, Mr. Bradstreet succeeded him as Deputy-Governor, and the Governor himself, John Leverett, dying in the following March, he was elected Governor in May, 1679, being then about seventy-six years of age.* He continued to be Gov- ernor until the dissolution of the Charter and the establish- ment of the Provisional Government in May, 1686, under his brother-in-law, Joseph Dudley, as President, f Governor Bradstreet and his son, Dudley Bradstreet, were named as Counsellors in the royal commission, but they both refused to act. I On the 20th of December of that year. Sir Ed- mund Andros landed in Boston, and on the same day his commission was read as " Governor in Chief in and over the territory and dominion of New England." § After a little more than two years of oppression under his admin- istration, on the receipt of the news of the landing of the Prince of Orange in England, there was a rising in Boston in April, 1689. On the morning of the i8th, the Royal Governor and his adherents were made prisoners, and the officers who had been elected under the charter in 1686, with the venerable Bradstreet at their head, were called upon to act as a " Council of Safety." On the assembling of the representatives of the towns a month later, he was confirmed in his position, and acted as Governor under the temporary re-establishment of the old charter government until the 14th of May, 1692. On that day Sir William Phipps ai-rived in Boston with the new charter and a com- mission as Governor of the Province of the Massachusetts * Mass. Colony Records, Vol. v. pp. 209-10; Hutchinson's History, Vol. i. p. 291. •3 t Hutchinson's History, Vol. i. pp. 306-S. j Ibid., p. 314, note. § Ibid., p. 316. INTRODUCTION. Ixxi Bay. Thereupon Governor Bradstreet, whose name was the first on the Hst of Counsellors appointed by the New Charter, resigned his office to him.* He died at Salem, March 27, 1697, at the age of ninet}^- four, thus closing a long, exemplar}^ and honorable life, sixty years of which had been devoted to constant and faithful public service, f * Hutchinson's History, Vol. i. pp. 332-41; ; Vol. ii. pp. 19, 20; Palfrev's History of New England, Vol. iii. pp. 574-98; Ancient Charters, p. 27. t He was buried in Salem, where his tomb is still to be seen in the old Charter Street burying-ground. The inscription on the horizontal slab which covers it is now totally obliterated. His epitaph, however, was preserved by some antiquary in the following communication to " The Boston Chronicle" for March 7-14, 176S (p. 119) : — • " By giving the inclofed a place in 3'our Chronicle, it being now fcarce legible on the monument, you'll oblige a number of your friends, who think it worth preferving. Jnfcriftion u^on Governor Bradstreet's Tomb Sto7te, in Salem, "SIMON BRADSTREET. Armiger ex Ordine Senatorio in Colonia Maffachufettenfi ab Anno 1630 ufq; ad Annum 1673 Deinde ad Annum 1679 Vice Gubernator Deniq; ad Annum 1686 ejufdem Colonize Communi & Conftanti PopuH Suffragio Gubernator Vir Judicis Lynceato praaditus Quem nee Minte nee Honos allexit Regis Authoritatem & Populi Liberta- tem sequa Lance libravit Religione Cordatus Via innocuus Mundum et vicit et deferuit Die XXVII. Marcij Anno Dom : MDCXCVII Annoq; R. R's Gullielmi tertii IX. et ^tatis fua; XCIV." Mr. Robert Peele, of Salem, has a copy of this paper, with this marginal note in the handwriting of the old loyalist, Sam. Curwen, whose Journal and Letters were so ably edited by the late Mr. Geo. A. Ward : — " Ben son of Co' B. Pickman sold y" tomb, being claimed by him for a small expence his father was at in repairing it ab' y« y 1793 or 1794 to one Daniel Hathorne who now holds it." I am told that the tomb was accordingly cleaned out, and the remains of the' honored Governor and his family thrown into a hole not far off. CONTENTS. JScIt'gfaus ISipericnrcs anl) ©ccasional Piters. PAGE Religious Experiences 3 Occasional Meditations 11 Deliverance from a Fever 13 Deliverance from a Fit of Sickness 13 Deliverance from a Fit of Fainting .~' 15 Meditations on Spiritual Consolations 16 Submission and Reliance on God, July 8, 1656 17 Verses ; Praise of God 17 Verses; Joy in God iS After much Sickness, August 28, 1656 20 After Sickness and Weakness, May 11, 1657 21 Verses, May 13, 1657 22 Submission to Chastisement from God, Sept. 30, 1657 . . 23 Poem upon her son Samuel's going to England, Nov. 6, 1657 24 Divine Dealings, May 11, 1661 25 Verses ; Thankfulness for Health 26 On the Restoration of her Husband from an Ague, June, 1661 27 Upon her daughter, Hannah Wiggin's recovery from a Fever 28 On her son Samuel's return from England, July 17, 1661 . . 28 On her Husband's going to England, Jan. i6, 1661-62 . . 32 In her solitary lionrs in her Husband's absence . . . . 34 Ixxiv CONTENTS. PAGE In acknowledgment of the letters received from her Hus- band in -England 37 In thankful remembrance of her Husband's safe arrival home, Sept. 3, 1663 3^ Verses upon the burning of her house, July 10, 1666 ... 40 Verses; Longing for Heaven, Aug. 31, 1669 42 fMetiitaltons, WMnz anlj ilHaral. Dedication of the Meditations to her son, Simon Bradstreet, March 30, 1664 47 Meditations 48 Latin Translation of the Dedication of the Meditations by her great-grandson, Simon Bradstreet 74 Latin Translation of the first four Meditations by the same . 75 Poems. Fac-simile of Title-Page of First Edition 79 Fac-simile of Title-Page of Second Edition 81 Address to the Reader 83 Commendatory Verses by N. Ward 85 „ I.[ohn] W.[oodbridge] . . . . S6 ,, ,, ,, B.[enjamin] W.[oodbridge] . . 89 n 11 )5 C. B 90 5) .1 „ R. Q. 90 n. 11 11 ), N. H 91 )r n ,, C. B 93 11 n )5 H. S 93 Anagrams of the Author's name 93 Commendatory Verses by J. Rogers 93 Dedication to her father, Thomas Dudley, Esq., March 30, 1643 97 The Prologue 100 CONTENTS. IxXV PAGE The Four Elements 103 Fire 104 Earth 109 Water 114 Air lie, The Four Humours in Man's Constitution . . . . 123 Choler 124 Blood 130 Melancholy 136 Phlegm 141 The Four Ages of Man 147 Childhood 149 Youth 152 Middle Age 156 Old Age 161 The Four Seasons of the Year 16S Spring 16S Summer 172 Autumn 176 Winter 178 An Apology 180 The Four Monarchies 181 The Assyrian 181 The Persian 208 The Grecian 25 1 An Explanation 322 The Roman ' 323 ■ An Apology 328 Ixxvi CONTENTS. PAGE Dialogue between Old England and New ; concerning their present troubles, Anno, 1643 33° Elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney 344 In Honour of Du Bartas, 1641 353 In Honour of Qiieen Elizabeth 357 David's Lamentation for Saul and Jonathan 363 To the Memory of her Father, Thomas Dudley, Esq. . . 365 Epitaph on her Mother, Mrs. Dorothy Dudley 3^9 Contemplations 37° The Flesh and the Spirit 381 The Vanity of all Worldly Things 386 The Author to her Book 889 Post^umoug ^OEtng. Upon a Fit of Sickness, Ajino. 1632. ^^tatis sua, 19 . . 391 Upon some Distemper of Body 392 Before the Birth of one of her Children 393 Verses to her Husband 394 Letter to her Husband, absent upon Public Employment . 394 Another 395 Another 397 To her Father with some Verses 398 In Reference to her Children, June 23, 1636 400 In Memory of her grand-child Elizabeth Bradstreet . . . 404 ,, ,, ,, ,, Anne Bradstreet .... 405 ,, ,, ,, ,, Simon Bradstreet .... 406 ,, ,, daughter-in law Mrs. Mercy Bradstreet . 407 A Funeral Elegy upon the Author by the Rev. John Norton 409 Index ^ir RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES OCCASIONAL PIECES. All that is included under the title " Religious Experiences AND Occasional Pieces," with the exception of the verses beginning "As weary pilgrim now at reft," is printed from a manuscript copy in the handwriting of Mrs. Bradstreet's son, the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, of New London, 'Connedlicut. The following note is prefixed by him : "A true copy of a Book left by my hon'd & dear mother to her children & found among fome papers after her Death." To my Dear Children. This Book by Any yet vnread, I leaue for yov when I am dead, That, being gone, here yov may find What was your liueing mother's mind. Make vfe of what I leaue in Loue And God fhall bleffe yov from above. A. B. My dear Children, — KNOWING by experience that the ex- hortations of parents take moil effe£l when the speakers leaue to fpeak, and . thofe efpecially fmk deepeft which are fpoke lateft — and being ignorant whether on my death bed I Ihall haue opportvnity to fpeak to any of yov, much leffe to All — thought it the beft, whilft I was able to compofe fome fhort matters, (for what elfe to call them I know not) and bequeath to yov, that when I am no more with, yov, yet I may bee 4 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. dayly in your remembrance, (Although that is the leaft in my aim in what I now doe) but that yov may gain fome fpiritual Advantage by my experi- ence. I haue not ftudyed in this yov read to fliow my ikill, but to declare the Truth — not to fett forth my- felf, but the Glory of God. If I had minded the former, it had been perhaps better pleafing to yov, — but feing the laft is the baft, let it bee beft pleafing to yov. The method I will obferve ftiall bee this — I will begin with God's dealing with me from my childhood to this Day. In my yovng years, about 6 or 7 as I take it, I began to make confcience of my wayes, and what I knew was finfull, as lying, difobedience to Pa- rents, &c. I avoided it. If at any time . I was over- taken with the like evills, it was a great Trouble. I could not be at reft 'till by prayer I had confeft it vnto God. I was alfo troubled at the negle6l of Private Dutyes, tho: too often tardy that way. I alfo fovnd much comfort in reading the Scriptures, efpecially thofe places I thought moft concerned my Condition, and as I grew to haue more vnderftanding, fo the more folace I took in them. In a long fitt of licknes which I had on my bed I often commvned with my heart, and made my fup- plication to the moft High who fett me free from that affliftion. But as I grew vp to bee about 14 or 15 I fovnd my heart more carnall, and fitting loofe from God, vanity and the follyes of youth take hold of me. Religiotis Experiences. 5 About 16, the Lord layd his hand fore vpon me and fmott mee with the fmall pox. When I was in my afflidtion, I befovght the Lord, and confeffed my Pride and Vanity and he was entreated of me, and again reftored me. But I rendered not to him accord- ing to the benefitt received. After a fhort time I changed my condition and was marr5?ed, and came into this Covntry, where I fovnd a new world and new manners, at which my heart rofe. But after I was convinced it was the way of God, I fubmitted to it and joined to the church at Bofton.* After fome time I fell into a lingering ficknes like a confvmption, together with a lameneffe, which cor- rection I faw the Lord fent to humble and try me and doe mee Good : and it was not altogether in- effeftuall. It pleafed God to keep me a long time without a child, which was a great greif to me, and coft mee many prayers and tears before I obtaind one, and after himf gave mee many more, of whom I now take the care, that as I have brovght yov into the world, and with great paines, weaknes, cares, and feares brovght yov to this, I now travail in birth again of yov till Chrift bee formed in yov. Among all my experiences of God's gratious Deal- ings with me I haue conftantly obferved this, that he hath never fuffered me long to iitt loofe from him, * See Introdudlion. f See page 24. 6 Anne Bradjlreet^s Works. but by one affli6lion or other hath made me look home, and fearch what was amiffe — fo vfually thvs it hath been with me that I haue no fooner felt my heart out of order, but I haue expected corredlion for it, which moft commonly hath been vpon my own perfon, in ficknefle, weaknes, paines, fometimes on my foul, in Doubts and feares of God's difpleafure, and my fincerity towards him, fometimes he hath fmott a child with ficknes, fometimes chalftened by loifes in eftate, — and thefe Times (thro : his great mercy) haue been the times of my greateft Getting and Ad- vantage, yea I haue fovnd them the Times when the Lord hath manifefted the moft Love to me. Then haue I gone to fearching, and haue faid with David, Lord fearch me and try me, fee what wayes of wickednes are in me, and lead me in the way ever- lafting : and feldome or never but I haue fovnd either fome fin I lay vnder which God would haue re- formed, or fome duty negledted which he would haue performed. And by his help I haue layd Vowes and Bonds vpon my Soul to perform his righteous com- mands. If at any time yov are chaftened of God, take it as thankfully and Joyfully as in greateft mercyes, for if yee bee his yee fhall reap the greateft benefitt by it. It hath been no fmall fupport to me in times of Darknes when the Almighty hath hid his face from me, that yet I haue had abundance of fweetnes and refreftiment after affli6tion, and more circumfpedlion Religious Experiences. in my walking after I haue been afflifted. I haue beer with God like an vntoward child, that no longer thei the rod has been on my back (or at leaft in fighf but I haue been apt to forgett him and myfelf too Before I was afflidled I went aftray, but now I kee] thy ftatutes. I haue had great experience of God's hearing mj Prayers, and returning comfortable Anfwers to me either in granting the Thing I prayed for, or elfe ii fatiffying my mind without it; and I haue been con fident it hath been from him, becavfe I have fovnc my heart through his goodnes enlarged in Thank fullnes to him. I haue often been perplexed that I haue not founc that conftant Joy in my Pilgrimage and refrefhin^ which I fuppofed moft of the fervants of God haue althovgh he hath not left me altogether without th( wittnes of his holy fpirit, who hath oft given mee hi; word and fett to his Seal that it fhall bee well witl me. I haue fomtimes tafted of that hidden Manm that the world knowes not, and haue fett vp mj Ebenezer, and haue refolved with myfelf that againf fvch a promis, fvch tails of fweetnes, the Gates o: Hell fhall never prevail. Yet haue I many Times finkings and droopings, and not enjoyed that felicit} that fomtimes I haue done. But when I haue beer in darknes and feen no light, yet haue I defired tc ftay my felf upon the Lord. And, when I haue been in licknes and pain, I hau( 8 Anne Bradjireet^s Works. thovght if the Lord would but lift vp the light of his Covntenance vpon me, altho: he grovnd me to powdet-, it would bee but light to me; yea, oft haue I thovght were it hell itfelf, and could there find the Love of God toward me, it would bee a Heaven. And, could I haue been in Heaven without the Love of God, it would haue been a Hell to me; for, in Truth, it is the abfence and prefence of God that makes Heaven or Hell. Many times hath Satan troubled me concerning the verity of the fcriptures, many times by Atheifme how I could know whether there was a God; I never faw any miracles to confirm me, and thofe which I read of how did I know but they were feigned. That there is a God my Reafon would foon tell me by the wondrous workes that I fee, the vail frame of the Heaven and the Earth, the order of all things, night and day. Summer and Winter, Spring and Autvmne, the dayly providing for this great hovfhold vpon the Earth, the preferving and directing of All to its proper end. The conlideration of thefe things would with amazement certainl}^ refolve me that there is an Eter- nall Being. But how fhould I know he is fuch a God as I worfliip in Trinity, and fuch a Saviour as I rely upon ? tho : this hath thovfands of Times been fvggefted to mee, yet God hath helped me over. I haue argved thvs with myfelf That there is a God I fee. If ever this God hath revealed himfelf, it mvft bee in his Religiotis Experiences. 9 word, and this mvfh bee it or none. Haue I not 'fovnd that operation by it that no humane Invention can work vpon the Soul ? hath not Judgments befallen Diverfe who haue fcorned and contemd it? hath it not been preferved thro: All Ages maugre all the heathen Tyrants and all of the enemyes who haue oppofed it ? Is there any ftory but that which fliowes the beginnings of Times, and how the world came to bee as wee fee? Doe wee not know the prophecj'es in it fullfilled which could not haue been fo long foretold by any but God himfelf ? When I haue gott over this Block, then haue I an- other pvtt in my way, That admitt this bee the trve God whom wee worfhip, and that bee his word, 3'et why may not the Popifli Religion bee the right? They haue the fame God, the fame Chrift, the fame word: they only enterprett it one way, wee another. This hath fomtimes ftuck w^ith me, and more it would, but the vain fooleries that are in their Reli- gion, together with their lying miracles and cruell perfecutions of the Saints, which admitt were they as they terme them, yet not fo to bee dealt with- all. The confideration of thefe things and many the like would foon turn me to my own Religion again. But fome new Troubles I haue had fince the world has been filled with Blafphemy, and Sedlaries, and fome ■who haue been accounted fincere Chriflians haue been carryed away with them, that fomtimes I haue faid. lo Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. Is there ftaith vpon the earth ? and I haue not known what to think. But then I haue remembred the words of Chrift that fo it muft bee, and that, if it were poffible, the very eleft fhould bee deceived. Behold, faith our Saviour, I have told yov before. That hath flayed my heart, and I can now fay. Re- turn, O my Soul, to thy Reft, vpon this Rock Chrift Jefus will I build my faith; and, if I perifh, I periflh. But I know all the Powers of Hell fhall neuer pre- vail againft it. I know whom I haue trvfted, and whom I haue beleived, and that he is able to keep that I haue committed to his charge. Now to the King, Immortall, Eternall, and invilible, the only wife God, bee Honoure and Glory for ever and ever ! Amen. This was written in mvch ficknefle and weaknes, and is very weakly and imperfectly done; but, if yov can pick any Benefitt out of it, it is the marke which I aimed at. Occajional Meditations. 1 1 Here follow feverall occajionall meditations. I. "T) Y night when others foundly flept, -^-^ And had at once both eafe and Reft, My waking eyes were open kept, And fo to lye I fovnd it beft. II. I ibvght him whom my Soul did Love, With tears I fovght him earneftly; He bow'd his ear down from Above, In vain I did not feek or cry. III. My hungry Soul he fill'd with Good, He in his Bottle putt my teares,* My fmarting wounds wafht in his blood. And banifht thence my Doubts and feares. IV. What to my Saviour ftiall I giue. Who freely hath done this for me ? rie ferve him here whilft I fhall Hue, And Loue him to Eternity. * -'Put thou my tears into thy bottle: arc they not in thy book?' Psalm Ivi. 8. 12 All lie Bradjlreefs Works. For Deliverance from a feaver. T T THEN Sorrowes had begyrt me rovnd, ' ~ And Paines within and out, When in my flefh no part was fovnd, Then didft thou rid me out. My burning flefh in fweat did boyle, My aking head did break; From fide to fide for eafe I toyle, So faint I could not fpeak. Beclouded was my Soul with fear Of thy Difpleafure fore, Nor could I read my Evidence Which oft I read before. Hide not thy face from me, I cry'd, From Burnings keep my foul; ' Thov know'ft my heart, and haft me try'd; I on thy Mercyes Rowl. O, heal my Soul, thov know'ft I faid, Tho' flefh confume to novp-ht: What tho' in duft it shall bee lay'd, To Glorv't fhall bee brovght. Ver/es in Sicknefs. 1 3 Thou heardft, thy rod thou didft remove, And fpar'd my Body frail, Thou fhew'ft to me thy tender Love, My heart no more might quail. O, Prailes to my mighty God, Praife to my Lord, I fay, Who hath redeem'd my Soul from pitt: Praifes to him for Aye! ffrom another fore ffitt. TN my diftreffe I fovght the Lord, When nought on Earth could comfort giue; And v\'hen my Soul thefe things abhor'd. Then, Lord, thou faid'ft vnto me, Liue. Thou knoweft the forrowes that I felt. My plaints and Groanes were heard of Thee, And how^ in fweat I feem'd to melt; Thov help'ft and thov regardeft me. My wafted flefh thou didft reftore, My feeble loines didft gird with ftrenght; * * •' She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms." Prov. xxxi. 17. 14 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. Yea, when I was moft low and poor, I faid I fhall praife thee at lenght. What Ihall I render to my God For all his Bovnty fhew'd to me. Even for his mercyes in his rod, Where pitty moft of all I fee? My heart I wholly giue to Thee : O make it frvitfull, faithfull Lord ! My life fhall dedicated bee To praife in thought, in Deed, in Word. Thou know'ft no life I did require Longer then ftill thy Name to praife, Nor ovght on Earth worth}' Deiire, In drawing out thefe wretched Dayes. Thy Name and praife to celebrate, O Lord ! for aye is my requeft. O, gravnt I doe it in this ftate, And then with thee which is the Beft. Verfes in Sukne/s. 15 Deliverance from a fitt of ffainti7tg. 'IirORTHY art Thou, O Lord of praife! But ah ! it's not in me; My finking heart I pray thee raife, So fhall I giue it Thee. My life as Spider's webb's cutt oft", Thvs fainting haue I faid, And liueing man no more fhall fee. But bee in filence layd. My feblee Spirit thou didft reviue, My Doubting thou didft chide, And tho: as dead mad'ft me aliue, I here a while might 'bide. 'tj' Why ftiould I Hue but to thy Praife .? My life is hid with Thee; O Lord, no longer bee my Dayes, Then I may frvitfull bee. 1 6 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Meditations when my Soul hath been refrejlted with the Confolations which the world knowes not. T ORD, why Ihould I doubt any more when thov ^-^ haft given me fuch affured Pledges of thy Loue ? Firft, thov art my Creator, I thy creature; thov my mafter, I thy fervant. But hence arifes not my comfort: Thov art my ffather, I thy child. Yee ftiall [be] my Sons and Daughters, faith the Lord Almighty. Chrift is my Brother ; I afcend vnto my ffather and your ffather, vnto my God and your God. But leaft this fhould not bee enough, thy maker is thy hufband. Nay, more, I am a member of his Body; he, my head. Such Priviledges, had not the Word of Truth made them known, who or where is the man that durft in his heart haue prefumed to haue thousrht it? So wonderfull are thefe thoughts that my fpirit failes in me at the conlideration thereof; and I am con- fovnded to think that God, who hath done fo much for me, fhould haue fo little from me. But this is my comfort, when I come into Heaven, I fhall vnder- ftand perfedtly what he hath done for me, and then ftiall I bee able to praife him as I ovght. Lord, haueing this hope, let me purefie myfelf as thou art Pure, and let me bee no more affraid of Death, but even defire to bee dilfolved, and bee with thee, which is beft of All. SubmiJJion and Reliance. ' 17 July 8th, 1656. T had a fore fitt of fainting, which lafted 2 or 3 dayes, but not in that extremity which at firft it took me, and fo mvch the forer it was to me becaufe my dear hufband was from home (who is my cheifeft comforter on Earth) ; but my God, who never failed me, was not abfent, but helped me, and gratioufly manifefted his Love to me, which I dare not paffe by without Remembrance, that it may bee a fupport to me when I fhall haue occalion to read this hereafter, and to others that fhall read it when I fhall poffeife that I now hope for, that fo they may bee encourag'' to trufl in him who is the only Portion of his Ser- vants. O Lord, let me neuer forgett thy Goodnes, nor queftion thy faithfullnes to me, for thov art my God : Thou haft faid, and ftiall not I beleiue it? Thou haft given me a pledge of that Inheritance thou haft promifed to beftow upon me. O, never let Satan prevail againft me, but ftrenghten my faith in Thee, 'till I fhall attain the end of my hopes, even the Salva- tion of my Soul. Come, Lord Jefusj come quickly. WHAT God is like to him I ferve. What Saviour like to mine } O, never let me from thee fwerue. For truly I am thine. 3 1 8 Anne Bradjireef s Works. My thankfull mouth fliall fpeak thy praife, My Tongue fhall talk of Thee : On High my heart, O, doe thou raife, For what thou'ft done for me. Goe, Worldlings, to your Vanities, And heathen to your Godsj Let them help in Adverfities, And fandtefye their rods. My God he is not like to yours, Your felves fliall Judges bee; I find his Love, I know his Pow'r, A Succourer of mee. He is not man that he fhould lye, Nor fon of man to vnfayj His word he plighted hath on high, And I fhall Hue for aye. And for his lake that faithfuU is. That dy'd but now doth Hue, The firft and laft, that Hues for aye, Me lafting life fhall giue. MY foul, rejoice thou in thy God, Boaft of him all the Day, Walk in his Law, and kilfe his Rod, Cleaue clofe to him alway. yoy in God. 19 What tho : thy outward Man decay, Thy inward fhall waxe ftrong; Thy body vile it fhall bee chang'd, And gloriovs made ere-long. With Angels-wings thy Soul fhall movnt To Bliffe vnfeen by Eye, And drink at vnexhaufted fovnt Of Joy vnto Eternity. Th}' teares fhall All bee dryed vp. Thy Sorrowes all fhall flyej Thy Sinns fhall ne'r bee fummon'd vp, Nor come in memory. Then fhall I know what thov haft done For me, vnworthy me. And praife thee fhall ev'n as I ovght, fFor wonders that I fee. Bafe World, I trample on thy face. Thy Glory I defpife. No gain I find in ovght below. For God hath made me wife. Come, Jefvs, qvickly, Bleffed Lord, Thy face when fhall I fee ? O let me covnt each hour a Day 'Till I diffolved bee. 20 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. Auguft 38, 1656. AFTER mvch weaknes and ficknes when my fpirits were worn out, and many times my faith weak Hkewife, the Lord was pleafed to vphold my drooping heart, and to manifeft his Loue to me; and this is that which ftayes my Soul that this condition that I am in is the bell for me, for God doth not afflift willingly, nor take delight in greiving the chil- dren of men: he hath no benefitt by my adverfity, nor is he the better for my profperity; but he doth it for my Advantage, and that I may bee a Gainer by it. And if he knowes that weaknes and a frail body is the beftto make me aveffellfitt for his vfe, why fhould I not bare it, not only willingly but joyfully? The Lord knowes I dare not defire that health that fom- times I haue had, leaft my heart fhould bee drawn from him, and fett vpon the world. Now I can wait, looking every day when my Saviour fhall call for me. Lord gravnt that while I live I may doe that fervice I am able in this frail Body, and bee in continuall expeftation of my change, and let me never forgett thy great Love to my foul fo lately expreffed, when I could lye down and bequeath my Soul to thee, and Death feem'd no terrible Thing. O let me ever fee Thee that Art invifible, and I fhall not bee vnwilling to come, tho: by fo rovgh a Meffenger. Valley of Baca. 21 May II, 1657. T HAD a fore ficknes, and weaknes took hold of me, which hath by fitts lafted all this Spring till this 1 1 May, yet hath my God given me many a refpite, and fome ability to perform the Dutyes I owe to him, and the work of my famely. Many a refrefhment haue I fovnd in this my weary Pilgrimage, and in this valley of Baca* many pools of water. That which now I cheifly labour for is a con- tented, thankfuU heart vnder m}' afHiftion and weak- nes, feing it is the will of God it fhould bee thus. Who am I that I fhould repine at his pleafure, efpe- * " Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee ; in whose heart are the ways of them. Who, passing through the valley of Baca, make it a well ; the rain also fiUeth the pools." — Psalm Ixxxiv. 5, 5. "Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are thy ways. Who, going through the vale of misery, use it for a well ; and the pools are filled with water." — Psalter. " E/f -riv KnCKu.&a. tov Klavdfiuvog." — SeptuaGINT. " /« valle lacrymarum.'' — Vulgate. The old Genevan Bible (London, 1599) has the following translation and note : — " They going through the vale of Baca, make welles therein : the rain alfo couereth the pooles." — " " That is, of mulbery trees, which was a barren place : fo that they which paffed through muft dig pits for water," &c., &c. The old " Bay Pfalm Book," which she must often have read and sung from, thus quaintly renders the verse : — " Who as they pafle through Baca's Vale, doe make it a fountaine : alfo the pooles that are therin are filled full of raine." 2 2 Anne Bradjireefs Works. cially feing it is for my fpirituall advantage ? for I hope my foul fhall flourifh while my body decayes, and the weaknes of this outward man fhall bee a meanes to ftrenghten my inner man. Yet a little while and he that fhall come will come, and will not tarry. May 13, 1657. A S fpring the winter doth fucceed, And leaues the naked Trees doe drefle, The earth all black is cloth'd in green; At fvn-fhine each their joy exprefle. My Svns returned with healing wings. My Soul and Body doth rejoice; My heart exvlts, and praifes fings To him that heard my wailing Voice. My winters paft, my ftormes are gone, And former clowdes feem now all fled ; But, if they mvft eclipfe again, I'le rvn where I was fuccoured. I haue a fhelter from the ftorm, A fhadow from the fainting heat; I haue accelTe vnto his Throne, Who is a God fo wondrous great. SubmiJJion to Chajlifement. 23 haft thou made my Pilgrimage Thvs pleafant, fair, and good ; BlelT'd me in Youth and elder Age, My Baca made a fpringing flood ? * 1 ftudiovs am what I fhall doe, To fliow my Duty with delight; All I can giue is but thine own, And at the moft a fimple mite. Sept. 30, 1657. TT pleafed God to vifet me with m}^ old Diftemper of weaknes and fainting, but not in that fore manner fomtimes he hath. I defire not only willingly, but thankfully, to fubmitt to him, for I trvft it is out of his abvndant Love to my ftraying Soul which in profperity is too much in love with the world. I haue fovnd by experience I can no more Hue without correilion then without food. Lord, with thy correftion giue Inftrvc- tion and amendment, and then thy ftroakes fhall bee welcome. I haue not been refined in the furnace of affliftion as fome haue been, but haue rather been pre- ferved with fugar then brine, yet will he preferve me to his heavenly kingdom. Thus (dear children) haue yee feen the many fick- * See page 21 and note. 24 A7ine BradftreeV s Works. nefles and weakneffes that I haue pafled thro: to the end that, if you meet with the like, yov may haue recourfe to the fame God who hath heard and deli- uered me, and will doe the like for yov if you trvft in him; And, when he ftiall deliuer yov out of diftrefle, forget not to giue him thankes, but to walk more clofely with him then before. This is the defire of your Loving mother, A. B. In the fame book were vpon fpeciall occafions the Poems, &c., which follow added. Vpon my Son Samuel his goeing for England, Novem. 6, 1657.* n^HOU mighty God of Sea and Land, -*- I here refigne into thy hand The Son of Prayers, of vowes, of teares, The child I ftay'd for many yeares.f Thou heard'ft me then, and gav'ft him me; Hear me again, I giue him Thee. He's mine, but more, O Lord, thine own, For fure thy Grace on him is fliown. No freind I haue like Thee to truft. For mortall helpes are brittle Dvft. * He was her eldest child. See Introduaion. f See page 5. Divine Dealings. 25 Preferve, O Lord, from flormes and wrack, Protea him there, and bring him back; And if thou fhalt fpare me a fpace, That I again may fee his face, Then fliall I celebrate thy Praife, And Bleffe the for't even all my Dayes. If otherwife I goe to Reft, Thy Will bee done, for that is beft; Perfwade my heart I Ihall him fee For ever happefy'd with Thee. May II, 1661. TT hath pleafed God to giue me a long Time of re- ■*■ fpite for thefe 4 years that I haue had no great fitt of ficknes, but this year, from the middle of Janu- ary 'till May, I haue been by fitts very ill and weak. The firft of this month I had a feaver feat'd vpon me which, indeed, was the longeft and foreft that ever I had, lafting 4 dayes, and the weather being very hott made it the more tedious, but it pleafed the Lord to fupport my heart in his goodnes, and to hear my Prayers, and to deliuer me out of adverfity. But, alas ! I cannot render vnto the Lord according to all his loving kindnes, nor take the cup of falvation with Thankfgiving as I ought to doe. Lord, Thou that knoweft All things know'ft that I defire to teftefye my 26 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. thankfullnes not only in word, but in Deed, that my Converfation may fpeak that thy vowes are vpon me. 1\ /TY thankfull heart with glorying Tongue ■^ -*• Shall celebrate thy Name, Who hath reftor'd, redeem'd, recur'd From ficknes, death, and Pain. I cry'd thov feem'ft to make fome flay, I fovght more earneftly; And in due time thou fuccour'ft me, And fent'ft me help from High. Lord, whilft my fleeting time fliall laft, Thy Goodnes let me Tell. And new Experience I haue gain'd, My future Doubts repell. An humble, faitefull lif^ O Lord, For ever let me walk; Let my obedience teftefye. My Praife lyes not in Talk. Accept, O Lord, my fimple mite. For more I cannot giue; What thou beftow'ft I Ihall reftore. For of thine Almes I Hue. On her Hujhand''s Recovery from Sicknefs. 27 For the rejloration of my dear Hufband from a burn- ing Ague, June, 1 66 1 . AT THEN feares and forrowes me befett, ^ ~ Then did'ft thou rid me out; When heart did faint and fpirits quail, Thou comforts me about.* ' Thou raif 'fl him vp I feard to loofe, Regau'ft me him again: Diftempers thou didft chafe away; With ftrenght didft him fuftain. My thankful! heart, with Pen record The Goodnes of thy God; Let thy obedience teftefye He taught thee by his rod. And with his ftaffe did thee fupport, That thou by both may'ft learn; And 'twixt the good and evill way, At laft, thou mig'ft difcern. Praifes to him who hath not left My Soul as deftitute; Nor turnd his ear away from me, But graunted hath my Suit. * Ps. Ixxi. 21. 28 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Vpon my Datighter Hannah Wiggin * her recouery from a dangerous feaver. BLES'T bee thy Name, who clid'ft reftore To health my Daughter dear When death did feem ev'n to approach, And life was ended near. Gravnt fhee remember what thov'fl done, And celebrate thy Praife; And let her Converfation fay, Shee loues thee all thy Dayes. On my Sons Rehirn out of England, fuly 17, 1 66 i.f \ LL Praife to him who hath now^ turn'd ■^ ^ My feares to Joyes, my lighes to song. My Teares to fmiles, my. fad to glad: lie's come for whom I waited long. Thou di'ft preferve him as he went; In raging ftormes did'ft fafely kfeep : * She married Andrew Wiggin, of Exeter, N.H., June 14, 1659, and died in 1707. t He sailed for England in November, 1657. See page 24. On her Soft's Return from England. 29 Did'ft that fhip bring to quiet Port. The other fank low in the Deep.* From Dangers great thou did'ft him free Of P^^rates who were neer at hand; And order'ft fo the adverfe wind, That he before them gott to Land. * Gookin, in his "Historical Collections," pp. 62-63, tells the story of these ships : — ■ "But An. 1657, in the month of November, Mr. Mayhew, the fon, took (hipping at Bofton, to pafs for England, He took his paiTage for England in the beft of two fliips then bound for London, whereof one James Garrett was matter. The other fhip, whereof John Pierfe was commander, I went paiTenger therein, with Mr. Hezekiah Uflier fenior of Bofton, and feveral other perfons. Both thefe Ibips failed from Bofton in company. Mr. Garrett's ftiip, which was about four hundred tons, had good accommoda- tions, and greater far than the other : and ihe had aboard her a very rich lading of goods, but moft efpecially of paflengers, about fifty in number; whereof divers of them were perfons of great worth and virtue, both men and women ; efpecially Mr. Mayhew, Mr. Davis, Mr. Ince, and Mr. Pel- ham, all fcholars, and mafters of art, as I take it, moft of them. The fec- ond of thefe, viz. Mr. Davis, fon to one of that name at New Haven, was one of the beft accomplifhed perfons for learning, as ever was bred at Har- vard college in Cambridge in New England. Myfelf was once intended and refolved to pafs in that fhip : but the mafter, who fometimes had been employed by me, and from whom I expefted a common courtefy, carried it fomething unkindly, as I conceived, about my accommodations of a cabin ; which was an occafion to divert me to the other fliip, where I alfo had good company, and my life alfo preferved, as the fequel proved : For this fhip of Garrett's periftied in the paffage, and was never heard of more. And there good Mr. Mayhew ended his days, and finiftied his work." John Hull also mentions the loss of Garrett's ship, in his Diary (Arch. Amer. iii. 184.) : — "4th month [June, 1658]. We heard, by two ships that came in from England, that Master James Garret's ship was not arrived, and looked as foundered in the sea, and so persons and estates lost. There was sundi-y 30 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. In covntry llrange thou did'il provide, And freinds raif'd him in euery Place; And courtelies of fvndry forts From fuch as 'fore nere faw his face. In licknes when he lay full fore, His help and his Phyfitian wer't; When royall ones that Time did dye,* Thou heal'dft his flefti, and cheer'd his heart. persons of pretty note : Mr. Mejo (Mayhew), a godly minister, that taught the Indians at Martha's Vineyard ; and sundry young students, and some very liopeful ; sundry women also, two of which were sisters in our own church One of the ketches, likewise, that went hence for Eng- land, was taken by a pirate' of Ostend, and therein much estate lost." * Henry, Duke of Gloucester, third son of Charles I., died of small-pox 13th September, 1660, only a few months after the restoration of his brother, Charles II., to the throne. Mary, their sister, the Princess of Orange, returned from Holland soon after his death, and fell a victim to the same disease on the 24th December following. "This punishment of declared enemies interrupted not the rejoicings of the court ; but the death of the Duke of Gloucester, a young prince of prom- ising hopes, threw a great cloud upon them. The king, by no incident in his life, was ever so deeply affected. Gloucester was observed to possess united the good qualities of both his brothers; the clear judgment and penetration of the king, the industry and application of the Duke of York. He was also believed to be affectionate to the religion and constitution of his country. He was but twenty years of age when the small-pox put an end to his life. The Princess of Orange, having come to England, in order to partake of the joy attending the restoration of her family, with whom she lived in great friendship, soon after sickened and died." — Hume's " History of England," chap. Ixiii. Under date of Sept. 13, Evelyn writes in his Diary, " In the midst of all this joy and jubilee the Duke of Gloucester died of y" small pox in the prime of youth, and a prince of extraordinary hopes." And again, on the 2 1 St [24th] of December, "This day died the Princesse of Orange, of y" On her Soil's Return from England. 3 1 From troubles and Incubers Thov, Without (all fraud),* did'ft fett him free, That, without fcandall, he might come To th' Land of his Nativity. On Eagles wings him hether brovght f Thro : Want and Dangers manifold ; And thvs hath gravnted my Reqveft, That I thy Mercyes might behold. O help me pay my Vowes, O Lsord ! That ever I may thankful! bee. And may putt him in mind of what Tho'ft done for him, and fo for me. In both our hearts ereft a frame Of Duty and of Thankfullnes, That all thy favours great receiv'd, Oure vpright walking may exprefle. O Lord, gravnt that I may never forgett thy Loving kindnes in this Particular, and how gratiovfly thov haft anfwered my Delires. small pox, w* entirely alter'd y" face and gallantry of the whole court." — Memoirs, vol. ii. pp. 155 and 159-60. These sad events were probably fresh in Mrs. Bradstreet's mind. * Sic. t Ex. xix. 4. 32 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. Vpon my dear and loving hujband his goeing into Eng- land, Jan. 1 6, 1 66 1.* OTHOV moft high who ruleft All, And hear'ft the Prayers of Thine ; O hearken, Lord, vnto my fuit, And my Petition figne. Into thy everlafting Armes Of mercy I commend Thy fervant, Lord. Keep and prcferve My hufband, my dear freind. At thy command, O Lord, he went, Nor novght could keep him back; * This was in 1662 (N. S.), on occasion of Bradstreet's mission to Eng- land with the Rev. John Norton (see Introduction). They did not sail until the nth of February. John Hull, who was their companion out and back, says, in his Diary (Arch. Amer. iii. 205-6), " roth of Feb., Mr. Norton, Mr. Broadstreet, Mr. Davis, and myself, went on shipboard. Next morning, set sail ; and, by the 28th March, we saw the Lizard ; and, 22d of ist, we arrived in the Downs. After a few days, the messengers addressed themselves to the Court, delivered their letters to the Lord Chancellor, re- ceived good words from him. After their minds, by several comings, fully known, they had fair promises of a full grant to their whole desire in the country's behalf. But their writing, which they drew in order thereunto, at last unsigned ; and another letter, wherein was sundry things ordered for the country to attend which seemed somewhat inconsistent with our patent and former privileges, in the beginning of said letter confirmed, and which some endeavor to take advantage from to the change [of] our good laws and customs." On her Hujband's MiJJion to England. ^t^ Then let thy promis joy his heart: O help, and bee not flack. Vphold my heart in Thee, O God, Thou art my ftrenght and ftay; Thou fee'fl; how weak and frail I am, Hide not thy face Away. I, in obedience to thy Will, Thov knoweft, did fubmitt; It was my Duty fo to doe, O Lord, accept of it. Vnthankfullnes for mercyes Paft, Impute thov not to me; O Lord, thov know'ft my weak delire Was to ling Praife to Thee. Lord, bee thov Pilott to the fhip, And fend them profperous gailes; In ftormes and ficknes. Lord, preferve. Thy Goodnes never failes. Vnto thy work he hath in hand, Lord, gravnt Thov good SucceiTe And favour in their eyes, to whom He fhall make his Addrefle. s 34 Anne Bradjireef s Works. Remember, Lord, thy folk whom thou To wildernefTe haft brovght; Let not thine own Inheritance Bee fold away for Novght. But Tokens of thy favour Give — With Joy fend back my Dear, That I, and all thy fervants, may Rejoice with heavenly chear. Lord, let my eyes fee once Again Him whom thov gaveft me, That vv^ee together may ling Praife ffor ever vnto Thee. And the Remainder of oure Dayes Shall confecrated bee, With an engaged heart to fing All Praifes vnto Thee. In my Solitary houres i7t my dear hufband his Ab/ence. /^ LORD, thov hear'fl my dayly moan, ^-^ And fee'ft my dropping teares : My Troubles All are Thee before, My Longings and my feares. In her Hujband''s Abfence. 35 Thou hetherto haft been my God; Thy help my foul hath fovnd: Tho: loffe and ficknes me affail'd, Thro: the I've kept my Grovnd. And thy Abode tho'ft made with me ; With Thee my Soul can talk In fecrett places, Thee I find, Where I doe kneel or walk. Tho : hufband dear bee from me gone, Whom I doe loue fo well; I haue a more beloued one Whofe comforts far excell. O flay my heart on thee, my God, Vphold my fainting Soul! And, when I know not what to doe, I'll on thy mercyes roll.* * This singular expression has been used once before (page 12). It is probably taken from Ps. xxii. 8, — " He trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him : let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him"; or from Ps. xxxvii. 5, — " Commit thy way unto the Lord ; trust also in him ; and he shall bring it to pass.'' The marginal reading for " trusted on " is " rolled himself," and for " Commit thy way unto," " roll thy -way ufon." The " Bay Pfalm Book " translates the former verse as follows : " Vpon the Lord he rold him'elfe, let him now rid him quite : let him deliver him, becaufe in him he doth delight." 36 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. My weaknes, thou do'ft know full well, Of Body and of mind. I, in this world, no comfort haue. But what from Thee I find. Tho: children thou haft given me, And freinds I haue alfo: Yet, if I fee Thee not thro : them. They are no Joy, but woe. O fhine vpon me, bleffed -Lord, Ev'n for my Saviour's fake; In Thee Alone is more then All, And there content I'll take. O hear me. Lord, in this Reqveft, As thov before ha'ft done: Bring back my hufband, I befeech, As thov didft once my Sonne. So ftiall I celebrate thy Praife, Ev'n while my Dayes fhall laft; And talk to my Beloued one Of all thy Goodnes paft. Winthrop uses the same expression in a letter to his son (" Life and Let- ters," p. 250). " But such as will roll their ways upon the Lord, do find him always as good as his word." In her Hujband^s Abfence. 37 So both of vs thy Kindnes, Lord, With Praifes fhall recovnt, And ferve Thee better then before, Whofe Bleffinffs thvs furmovnt. But give me. Lord, a better heart. Then better fhall I bee. To pay the vowes which I doe owe For ever vnto Thee. ynleffe thou help, what can I doe But ftill my frailty fhow? If thov affift me, Lord, I fhall Return Thee what I owe. — --^5«g'^<&r#^'^— In thankfull acknowledgment for the letters I received from my hujhand ovt of England. r~\ THOU that hear'ft the Prayers of Thine, ^-^ And 'mongft them haft regarded Mine, Haft heard my cry's, and feen my Teares; Haft known my doubts and All my ffeares. Thov haft releiv'd my fainting heart, Nor payd me after my defert; 38 Anne Bradjireef s Works. Thov haft to fhore him fafely brovght For whom I thee fo oft befovght. Thov waft the Pilott to the fliip, And raif'd him vp when he was fick; And hope thov'ft given of good fuccefle, In this his Buifnes and Addrefle; And that thov wilt return him back, Whofe prefence I fo much doe lack. For All thefe mercyes I thee Praife, And fo defire ev'n all my Dayes. In thankfull Remeinbrance for my dear hujbands fafe Arrivall Sept. 3, 1662.* T IfHAT ftiall I render to thy Name, Or how thy Praifes fpeak; My thankes how fhall I teftefye ? O Lord, thov know'ft I'm weak. I ow fo mvch, fo little can Return vnto thy Name, * "Sept. 3. Master Clark, in the ship 'Society,' brought in the coun- try's messengers in safety; viz., Mr. Broadstreet and Mr. Norton." — Hull's Diary; Arch. Amer. iii. 206. On her Hu/bancrs fafe Rehtrn. 39 Confufion feafes on my Soul, And I am fill'd with fliame. O thov that heareft Prayers, Lord, To Thee fhall come all fflefh; Thou haft me heard and anfwered, My 'Plaints haue had acceffe. What did I alk for but thov gav'ft ? What could I more delire? But Thankfullnes, even all my dayes, I humbly this Require. Thy mercyes. Lord, haue been fo great. In nvmber nvmberles, Impoflible for to recovnt Or any way expreffe. O help thy Saints that fovght thy fface, T' Return vnto thee Praife, And walk before thee as they ought, In ftri6t and vpright wayes. This was the laft Thing written in that Book by my dear and hon'd Mother. 40 . Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. Here followes fome verfes vpon the burning of our houfe, July loth, 1666. Copyed ovt of a loofe Paper. I N filent night when reft I took, For forrow neer I did not look, I waken'd was with thundring nois And Piteovs Ihreiks of dreadfull voice. That fearfuU found of fire and fire. Let no man know is my Defire. I, ftarting vp, the light did fpye. And to my God my heart did cry To ftrengthen me in my Diftreife And not to leaue me fuccourleffe. Then coming ovt beheld a fpace, The flame confvme my dwelling place. And, when I could no longer look, I bleft his Name that gave and took. That layd my goods now in the dvft: Yea fo it was, and fo 'twas jvft. It was his own: it was not mine; ffar be it that I fhould repine. He might of All iuftly bereft. But yet fufficient for us left. On the Burning of her Houfe. 41 When by the Ruines oft I paft, My forrowing eyes alide did caft, And here and there the places fpye AVhere oft I fate, and long did lye. Here flood that Trunk, and there that chefl; There lay that ftore I covnted heft: My pleafant things in afhes lye. And them behold no more fhall I. Vnder thy roof no gvefl fhall litt, Nor at thy Table eat a bitt. No pleafant tale fhall 'ere be told. Nor things recovnted done of old. No Candle 'ere fhall fhine in Thee, Nor bridegroom's voice ere heard fhall bee. In filence ever fhalt thou lye; Adeiu, Adeiu; All's vanit}^ Then ftreight I 'gin m}^ heart to chide, And did thy w^ealth on earth abide ? Didfl fix thy hope on mouldring dvft, The arm of flefh didft make thy trvft? Raife vp thy thovghts above the fkye That dunghill mifls away may flie. Thou haft an houfe on high ere6l, Fram'd by that mighty Architect, Anne Bradjlreefs Works. With glory richly furniflied, Stands permanent tho: this bee fled. 'Its purchafed, and paid for too By him who hath enovgh to doe. A Prife lb vafh as is vnknown, Yet, by his Gift, is made thine own. Ther's wealth enovgh, I need no more; Farewell my Pelf, farewell my Store. The world no longer let me Love, My hope and Treafure lyes Above. \ S weary pilgrim, now at reft, ■^ ^ Hugs with delight his lilent neft His wafted limbes, now lye full foft That myrie fteps, haue troden oft BlelTes himfelf, to think ypon his dangers paft, and travailes done The burning fun no more fhall heat Nor ftormy raines, on him fhall beat. The bryars and thornes no more fhall fcratch nor hungry wolues at him fhall catch He erring pathes no more fhall tread nor wild fruits eate, in ftead of bread. L onging for Heaven. 43 for waters cold he doth not long for thirlt no more Ihall parch his tongue No rugged ftones his feet fliall gaule nor flumps nor rocks caufe him to fall All cares and feares, he bids farwell and meanes in fafity now to dwell. A pilgrim I, on earth, perplext w* iinns w"' cares and forrows vext By age and paines brought to deca}' and my Claj' houfe mouldring away Oh how I long to be at reft and foare on high among the bleft. This body fhall in filence Deep Mine eyes no more fhall ever weep No fainting fits fhall me affaile nor grinding paines my body fraile W"" cares and fears ne'r cumbred be Nor loffes know, nor forrowes fee What tho my flefh fhall there confume it is the bed Chrift did perfume And when a few yeares fhall be gone this mortall fhall be cloth'd vpon A Corrupt Carcaife downe it lyes a glorious body it fhall rife In weaknes and difhonour fowne in power 'tis raif 'd by Chrift alone Then foule and body fhall vnite and of their maker haue the fight 44 Anne Bradjireet^ s Works. Such lafting ioj^es Ihall there behold as eare ne'r heard nor tongue e'er told Lord make me ready for that day then Come deare bridgrome Come away.* Aug: 31, 69. * These verses are printed from the original in Mrs. Bradstreet's hand- writing. Her spelling and punctuation are carefully followed. MEDITATIONS, DIVINE AND MORAL. The "Meditations" are printed from tlie original in Mrs. Bradstreet's liandwriting. Facsimile of Ainie /j?-adst reel's Ma}j?iscripi. fox fny^ Q fp fox mfciM^J hfnfte.^ If er mant^^^ m Hart rmih^-hion , -^jLJcl W: mt no t^o^^y-^co^ I ) ittet, r\)^aiS'.t^% Cophi'HuJL pre For my deare fonne Simon Bradftreet. ARENTS perpetuate their Hues in their pofterity, and their maners in their imita- tion. Children do natureally rather fol- low the failings then the vertues of their predecelTors, but I am perfwaded better things of you. You once defired me to leaue fomething for you in writeing that you might look vpon when you fhould fee me no more. I could think of nothing more fit for you, nor of more eafe to my felf, then thefe fhort meditations following. Such as they are I be- queath to you: fmall legacys are accepted by true friends, much more by duty full children. I haue avoyded incroaching upon others conceptions, becaufe I would leaue you nothing but myne owne, though in value they fall fhort of all in this kinde, yet I prefume they will be better prif 'd by you fojr the Authors fake, the Lord bleffe you with grace heer, and crown you with glory heerafter, that I may meet you with re- joyceing at that great day of appearing, which is the continuall prayer, of your affectionate mother, March 20, 1664. ^- ^- 48 Anne Bradjireet'' s Works. Meditations Dijiine and morall. I. 'THHERE is no obieft that we fee; no adlion that -^ we doe; no good that we inioy; no evill that we feele, or fear, but we may make fome fpiritu[a]ll ad- uantage of all: and he that makes fuch improvment is wife, as well as pious. II. "\ /TANY can fpeak well, but few can do well. We ^^ ^ are better fcholars in the Theory then the praftique part, but he is a true Chriftian that is a pro- ficient in both. III. A/'OUTH is the time of getting, middle age of im- •^ prouing, and old age of fpending; a negligent youth is vfually attended by an ignorant middle age, and both by an empty old age. He that hath nothing to feed on but vanity and lyes muft needs lye down in the Bed of forrow. IV. A SHIP that beares much faile, and little or no -^ ^ ballaft, is eafily ouerfet; and that man, whofe head hath great abilities, and his heart little or no grace, is in danger of foundering. Meditatio7is. 49 V. TT is reported of the peakcock that, prideing himfelf in his gay feathers, he ruffles them vp; but, fpying his black feet, he foon lets fall his plumes, fo he that glorys in his gifts and adornings, fhould look vpon his Corruptions, and that will damp his high thoughts. VI. 'T^HE fineft bread hath the leaft bran; the pureft -*- hony, the leaft wax; and the fincereft chriftian, the leaft felf loue. VII. 'THHE hireling that labours all the day, comforts -*- himfelf that when night comes he fhall both take his reft, and receiue his re'ward; the painfull chriftian that hath wrought hard in Gods vineyard, and hath born the heat and drought of the day, when he per- ceiues his fun apace to decline, and the fhadowes of his euening to be ftretched out, lifts vp his head with joy, knowing his refreftiing is at hand. VIII. DOWNNY beds make drofey perfons, but hard lodging keeps the eyes open. A profperous ftate makes a fecure Chriftian, but adverfity makes him Confider. 7 50 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. IX. O WEET words are like hony, a little may refrefh, *^ but too much gluts the fbomach. D X. lUERSE children haue their different natures; fome are like flefh which nothing but fait will keep from putrefaftion ; fome again like tender fruits that are beft preferued with fugar: thofe parents are wife that can fit Jheir nurture according to their Nature. XI. 'T^HAT town which thoufands of enemys without ■*- hath not been able to take, hath been deliuered vp by one traytor within; and that man, which all the temptations of Sathan without could not hurt, hath been foild by one lufl within. XII. A UTHORITY without wifedome is like a heavy ■^ *- axe without an edg, fitter to bruife then polifh. XIII. npHE reafon why chriftians are fo loth to exchang -*- this world for a better, is becaufe they haue more fence then faith : they fe what they inioy, they do but hope for that which is to Come. Meditations. ^ i XIV. TF we had no winter the fpring would not be fo pleafant: if we did not fometimes tall of adverfity, profperity would not be fo welcome. XV. A LOW man can goe vpright vnder that door, -^ ^ wher a taller is glad to ftoop; fo a man of weak faith and mean abilities, may vndergo a croffe more patiently then he that excells him, both in gifts and graces. XVI. 'TT^HAT houfe which is not often fwept, makes the -*■ cleanly inhabitant foone loath it, and that heart which is not continually purifieing it felf, is no fit tem- ple for the fpirit of god to dwell in. XVII. |?EW men are fo humble as not to be proud of -*- their abilitysj and nothing will abafe them more then this, — What haft thou, but what thou haft re- ceiued.^ come giue an account of thy ftewardfhip. XVIII. HE that will vntertake to climb vp a fteep moun- tain with a great burden on his back, will finde it a wearyfome, if not an impoffible tafk; fo he that 52 Anne BradJlreeVs Works. thinkes to mount to heaven clog'd with the Cares and riches of this Life, 'tis no wonder if he faint by the way. XIX. C ORNE, till it haue paft through the Mill and been ground to powder, is not fit for bread. God fo deales with his fervants : he grindes them with greif and pain till they turn to duft, and then are they fit manchet * for his Manfion. XX. r~^OV> hath futable comforts and fupports for his ^-^ children according to their feuerall conditions if he will make his face to fhine vpon them: he then makes them lye down in green paftures, and leades them belides the ftill waters; if they flick in deepe mire and clay, and all his waues and billows goe ouer their heads, he then leads them to the Rock which is higher then they. XXI. T TE that walks among briars and thorns will be -'- -*- very carefull where he fets his foot. And he that pafTes through the wildernes of this world, had need ponder all his fteps. * The finest white rolls. Narcs. Meditations. 5 3 XXII. T^fANT of prudence, as well as piety, hath brought men into great inconveniencys; but he that is well ftored with both, feldom is fo infnared. XXIII. 'T^HE ikillfull fifher hath his feverall baits for fev- -^ erall fifh, but there is a hooke vnder all; Satan, that great Angler, hath his fundry baits for fundry tempers of men, which they all catch gredily at, but few perceiues the hook till it be to late. XXIV. 'T^HERE is no new thing vnder the fun, there is -*- nothing that can be fayd or done, but either that or fomething like it hath been both done and fayd before. A XXV. N akeing head requires a foft pillow; and a drooping heart a ftrong fupport. XXVI. A SORE finger may difquiet the whole body, but an vlcer within deftroys it: fo an enemy with- out may difturb a Commonwealth, but diffentions within ouer throw it. 54 Anne Bradjireef s Works. t XXVII. TT is a pleafant thing to behold the light, but fore eyes are not able to look vpon it ; the pure in heart fhall fe God, but the defiled in confcience fliall rather choofe to be buried vnder rocks and mountains then to behold the prefence of the Lamb. XXVIII. "1 Tl nSEDOME with an inheritance is good, but ^ ^ wifedome without an inheritance is better then an inheritance without wifedome. XXIX. T IGHTENING doth vfually preceed thunder, and -*— ^ ftormes, raine; and ftroaks do not often fall till after threat'nine:. 'ti* XXX. '\7"ELL0W leaues argue want of fap, and gray ■*• haires want of moifture ; fo dry and fapleffe per- formances are fimptoms of little fpiritall vigor. XXXI. TRON till it be throughly heat is vncapable to be ■*■ wrought; fo God fees good to call fome men into the furnace of affliftion, and then beats them on his anuile into what frame he pleafes. Meditations. 55 XXXII. A MBITIOUS men are like hops that neuer reft ^ cHmbing foe long as they haue any thing to ftay vpon; but take away their props and they are, of all, the moft deie6ted. XXXIII. IV /rUCH Labour wearys the body, and many -^ thoughts opprefle the minde: man aimes at profit by the one, and content in the other; but often miffes, of both, and findes nothing but vanity and vexa- tion of fpirit. XXXIV. invIMNE eyes are the concomitants of old age; -■-^ and fhort fightednes, in thofe that are eyes of a Republique, foretels a declineing State. XXXV. WE read in Scripture of three forts of Arrows, — the arrow of an enemy, the arrow of peftilence, and the arrow of a flanderous tongue; the two firft kill the body, the laft the good name; the two former leaue a man when he is once dead, but the laft man- gles him in his graue. 56 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. XXXVI. OORE labourers haue hard hands, and old finners *^-^ haue brawnie Confciences. XXXVII. Tl T'ICKEDNES comes to its height by degrees. ' ' He that dares fay of a leffe fin, is it not a little one? will ere long fay of a greater, Tufh, God regards it not ! XXXVIII. OOME Children are hardly weaned, although the *^-^ teat be rub'd with wormwood or muftard, th^y wil either wipe it off, or elfe fuck down fweet and bitter together; fo is it with fome Chriflians, let God imbitter all the fweets of this life, that fo they might feed vpon more fubftantiall food, yet they are fo childifhly fottifli that they are ftill huging and fuck- ing thefe empty brefts, that God is forced to hedg vp their way with thornes, or lay affliction on their loynes, that fo they might fhake hands with the world before it bid them farwell. XXXIX. A PRUDENT mother will not cloth her little -^ ^ childe with a long and cumberfome garment; ftie eafily forefees what euents it is like to produce, at the beft but falls and bruifes, or perhaps fomewhat Meditations. 5 7 worfe, mucli more will the alwile God proportion his difpenfations according to the ftature and flrength of the perfon he beftowes them on. Larg indowments of honour, wealth, or a helthfull body would quite ouerthrow fome weak Chriftian, therefore God cuts their garments fhort, to keep them in fuch a trim that they might run the wayes of his Commandment. XL. '' I ^HE fpring is a liuely emblem of the refurreftion, after a long w^inter we fe the leavlefTe trees and dry flocks (at the approach of the fun) to refume their former vigor and beavty in a more ample man- ner then what they lofl in the Autumn; fo fhall it be at that great day after a long vacation, when the Sun of righteouflhes fhall appear, thofe dry bones fhall arife in far more glory then that which the)' loft at their creation, and in this tranfcends the fpring, that their leafe fhall neuer faile, nor their fap decline. XLI. A WISE father will not lay a burden on a child of feven yeares old, which he knows is enough for one of twice his ftrength, much leffe will our heauenly father (who knowes our mould), lay fuch afflictions vpon his weak children as would crufti them to the duft, but according to the ftrength he will proportion the load, as God hath his little children fo he hath his ftrong men, fuch as are come to a full Stature in Chrift; 8 5'S Anne Brad/lreet's Woi^ks. and many times he impoles waighty burdens on their fhoulders, and yet they go vpright vnder them, but it matters not whether the load be more or lefle if God afford his help. XLII. T HAUE feen an end of all perfection (fayd the rovall prophet) ;* but he never fayd, I haue feen an end of all finning: what he did fay, may be eafily fayd by many; but what he did not fay, cannot truly be vttered by any. XLIII. I 7lRE hath its force abated by water, not by wind; -*- and anger muft be alayed by cold words, and not by bluftering threats. XLIV. A SHARP appetite and a through concoftion, is -^ ^ a figne of an healthfull body; fo a quick recep- tion, and a deliberate cogitation, argues a found mind. XLV. '\ 'I 7"E often fe ftones hang with drops, not from any innate moifture, but from a thick ayre about them ; fo may we fometime fe marble-hearted fmners feem full of contrition; but it is not from any dew of * Psalm cxix. 96. Meditations. c; 9 grace within, but from Ibme black Clouds that im- pends them, which produces thele fweating eftefts. XLVI. 'T^HE words of the wife, fath Solomon,* are as -^ nailes, and as goads, both vfed for contrary ends, — the one holds fall, the other puts forward ; fuch fhould be the precepts of the wife matters of alfemblys to their heareres, not only to bid them hold faft the form of found Doftrin, but alfo, fo to run that the}' might obtain. XLVII. A SHADOW in the parching fun, and a fbelter in ■^ ^ a bluftering llorme, are of all feafons the molt welcom; fo a faithfull friend in time of adverfity, is of all other moll: comfortable. XLVIII. T^HERE is nothing admits of more admiration, then Gods various difpenfation of his gifts among the fons of men, betwixt whom he hath put fo vaft a difproportion that they fcarcly feem made of the fame lump, or fprung out oi the loynes of one Adam; fome fet in the higheft dignity that mortality is capa- ble offj and fome again fo bafe, that they are viler * " The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, -which are given from one shepherd." — EccL. xii. 1 1. 6o Anne Bradjlreefs Works. then the earth: fome fo wife and learned, that they feeme like Angells among men; and fome againe fo ignorant and fotifli, that they are more like beafts then men: fome pious faints; fome incarnate Deuils: fome exceeding beautyfull; and fome extreamly deformed: fome fo ftrong and healthfull that their bones are full of marrow, and their breafts of milk; and fome againe fo weak and feeble, that, while they Hue, they are ac- counted among the dead, — and no other reafon can be giuen of all this, but fo it pleafed him, whofe will is the perfect rule of righteoufneffe. XLIX. '' I ^HE treafures of this world may well be compared -*- to hufkes, for they haue no kernell in them, and they that feed vpon them, may foon ftufte their throats, but cannot fill their bellys; they may be choaked by them, but cannot be fatisfied with them. L. OOMTIMES the fun is only fhadowed by a cloud *^ that wee cannot fe his lufter, although we may walk by his light, but when he is fet we are in dark- nes till he arife againe; fo God doth fomtime vaile his face but for a moment, that we cannot behold the light of his Countenance as at fome other time, yet he affords fo much light as may direft our way, that we may go forwards to the Citty of habitation, but when he feemes to fet and be quite gone out of fight, then Meditations, 6 1 muft we needs walk in darkneffe and fe no light, yet then muft we truft in the Lord, and ftay vpon our God, and when the morning (which is the appointed time) is come, the Sun of righteoulnes will arife with healing in his wings. LI. 'TpHE eyes and the eares are the inlets or doores of the foule, through which innumerable objefts enter, yet is not that fpacious roome filled, neither doth it euer fay it is enough, but like the daughters of the horfleach, crys giue, giue!* and which is moft ftrang, the more it receius, the more empty it finds it felf, and fees an impoflibility, euer to be filled, but by him in whom all fullnes dwells. LIL T TAD not the wifeft of men taught vs this leffon, -'- -'- that all is vanity and vexation of fpirit, yet our owne experience would foon haue fpeld it out; for what do we obtaine of all thefe things, but it is with labour and vexation? when we injoy them it is with vanity and vexation; and, if we loofe them, then they are lefle then vanity and more then vexation: fo that we haue good caufe often to repeat that fentence, vanity of vanityes, vanity of vanityes, all is vanity. * "The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give." — Pkov. XXX. 15. 62 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. LIII. T TE that is to faile into a farre country, although ■'■ -^ the £hip, cabbin, and prouifion, be all convenient and comfortable for him, yet he hath no defire to make that his place of refidence, but longs to put in at that port wher his buflines lyes : a chriftian is fail- ing through this world vnto his heauenly country, and heere he hath many conueniences and comforts; but he muft beware of defire[ing] to make this the place of his abode, left he meet with fuch toffings that may caufe him to long for fhore before he fees land. We muft, therfore, be heer as ftrangers and pilgrims, that we may plainly declare that we feek a citty aboue, and wait all the dayes of our appointed time till our chang fhall come. LIV. TTE that neuer felt what it was to be fick or wounded, doth not much care for the company ot the phifitian or chirurgian; but if he perceiue a malady that threatens him with death, he will gladly entertaine him, whom he flighted before: fo he that neuer felt the ficknes of fin, nor the wounds of a guilty Confcience, cares not how far he keeps from him that hath {kill to cure it; but when he findes his difeafes to difreft him, and that he muft needs perifh if he haue no remedy, will vnfeignedly bid him wel- Meditations. 63 come that brings a plaifter for his fore, or a cordiall for his fainting. LV. A ^/"E read of ten lepers that were Cleanfed, but of one that returned thanks: we are more ready to receiue mercys then we are to acknowledg them: men can vfe great importunity when they are in dif- trefles, and fhew great ingratitude after their fuccelfes ; but he that ordereth his conuerfation aright, will glorifie him that heard him in the day of his trouble. LVI. *' I ^HE remembrance of former deliuerances is a great -^ fupport in prefent deftreffes: he that deliuered me, fath Dauid, from the paw of the Lion and the paw of the Beare, will deliuer mee from this vncir- cumcifed Philiftin; and he that hath deliuered mee, faith Paul, will deliuer me: God is the fame yefter- day, to day, and for euer; we are the fame that ftand in need of him, today as well as yefterday, and fo fhall for euer. LVII. GREAT receipts call for great returnes, the more that any man is intrufted withall, the larger his accounts ftands vpon Gods fcore: it therfore be- houes euery man fo to improue his talents, that when 64 Avne Bradjlreet^s Works. his great mafter fhall call him to reckoning he may receiue his owne with advantagre. *fc> s LVIII. IN and fhame euer s^oe together. He that would be freed from the laft, muft be fure to fhun the company of the firft. LIX. f~^OD doth many times both reward and punifh for ^^ one and the fame aftion: as we fee in Jehu, he is rewarded with a kingdome to the fourth generation, for takeing veangence on the houfe of Ahab; and yet a little while (faith God), and 1 will avenge the blood of Jezerel vpon the houfe of Jehu: he was rewarded for the matter, and yet punifhed for the manner, which fhould warn him, that doth any fpeciall feruice for God, to fixe his eye on the command, and not on his o^wn ends, left he meet with Jehu's reward, which will end in punifhment. LX. T TE that would be content with a mean condition, muft not caft his eye vpon one that is in a far better eftate then himfelf, but let him look vpon him that is lower then he is, and, if he fe that fuch a one beares pouerty comfortably, it will help tO' quiet him; but if that will not do, let him look on his owne Meditatio7is. 65 vnworthynes, and that will make him fay with Jacob, I am lefle then the leaft of thy mercys. LXI. /'^^ORNE is produced with much labour (as the hufbandman well knowes), and fome land afkes much more paines then fome other doth to be brought into tilth, yet all muft be ploughed and harrowed ; fome children (like fowre land) are of fo tough and morofe a difpo[fi]tion, that the plough of correftion muft make long furrows on their back, and the Har- row of difcipline goe often ouer them, before they bee fit foile to fow the feed of morality, much leffe of grace in them. But when by prudent nurture they are brought into a fit capacity, let the feed of good in- ftrudlion and exhortation be fown in the fpring of their youth, and a plentifuU crop may be expefted in the harueft of their yeares. LXII. \ S man is called the little world, fo his heart may •^ ^ be cal'd the little Commonwealth: his more fixed and refolued thoughts are like to inhabitants, his flight and flitting thoughts are like paflTengers that trauell to and fro continvally; here is alfo the great Court of iuftice erefted, which is alway kept by con- fcience who is both accufer, excufer, witnes, and Judg, whom no bribes can pervert, nor flattery caufe to favour, but as he finds the evidence, fo he abfolues or condemnes: yea, fo Abfolute is this Court of Judi- 66 Anne Bradjlrecfs ]]\irks. cature, that there is no appeale from it, — no, not to the Court of heaven itfelf, — for if our confcience con- demn vs, he, alfo, who is greater then our confcience, will do it much more; but he that would haue bold- nes to go to the throne of grace to be accepted there, mull be fure to carry a certificate from the Court of confcience, that he ftands right there. LXIII. T TE that would keep a pure heart, and lead a -*- blamlefle life, mufh fet himfelf alway in the awefull prefence of God, the confideration of his all- feeing eye will be a bridle to reftrain from evill, and a fpur to quicken on to good dutys: we certainly dream of fome remotnes betwixt God and vs, or elfe we fhould not fo often faile in our whole Courfe of life as we doe; but he, that with David, fets the Lord alway in his fight, will not finne againft him. '■■a^ LXIV. T ^^E fee in orchards fome trees foe fruitfull, that ~ ^ the waight of their Burden is the breaking of their limbes; fome again are but meanly loaden; and fome haue nothing to fhew but leaues only; and fome among them are dry flocks: fo is it in the church, which is Gods orchard, there are fome eminent Chrif- tians that are foe frequent in good dutys, that many times the waight therof impares both their bodys and eftates; and there are fome (and they fmcere ones Meditations. 67 too) who haue not attained to that fruitfullnes, altho they aime at perfection: And again there are others that haue nothing to commend them but onl}? a gay proffelfion, and thefe are but leavie chriftians, which are in as much danger of being cut down as the dry Hock, for both cumber the ground. LXV. A^T'E fee in the firmament there is but one Sun among a multitude of ftarres, and thofe ftarres alfo to differ much one from the other in regard of bignes and brightnes, yet all receiue their light from that one Sun : fo is it in the church both militant and triumphant, there is but one Chrift, who is the Sun of righteoufnes, in the mideft of an innumerable com- pany of Saints and Angels; thofe Saintes haue their degrees euen in this life, fome are Stars of the firil magnitude, and fome of a lelTe degree; and others (and they indeed the moft in number), but fmall and obfcure, yet all receiue their lufter (be it more or leffe) from that glorious fun that inlightens all in all; and, if fome of them fhine fo bright while they moue on earth, how tranfcendently fplendid fhall they be? when they are fixt in their heauenly fpheres! LXVI. MEN that haue walked very extrauagantly, and at laft bethink themfelues of turning to God, the firft thing which they eye, is how to reform their 68 Amie Bradjireefs Works. wayes rather then to beg forgiuenes for their finnes : nature lookes more at a Compenfation then at a par- don; but he that will not Come for mercy without mony and without price, but bring his filthy raggs to barter for it, fhall meet with miferable difapointment, going awa}^ empty, beareing the reproch of his pride and folly. LXVII. A LL the works and doings of God are wonderfull, ^ ^ but none more awfull then his great worke of eleftion and Reprobation; when we confider how many good parents haue had bad children, and againe how many bad parents haue had pious children, it fhould make vs adore the Souerainty of God, who will not be tyed to time nor place, nor yet to perfons, but takes and chufes when and where and whom he pleafes: it fliould alfoe teach the children of godly parents to walk with feare and trembling, left they, through vnbeleif, fall ftiort of a promife: it may alfo be a fupport to fuch as haue or had wicked parents, that, if they abide not in vnbeleif, God is able to graffe them in: the vpfhot of all fliould makes vs, with the Apoftle, to admire the iuftice and mercy of God, and fay, how vnfearchable are his wayes, and his foot- fteps pall finding out. Meditations. 69 LXVIIL ' I ^HE gifts that God beftows on the fons of men, are -^ not only abufed, but moft Commonly imployed for a Clean Contrary end, then that which they were giuen for, as health, wealth, and hono^ir, which might be fo many fteps to draw men to God in conlideration of his bounty towards them, but haue driuen them the further from him, that they are ready to fay, we are lords, we will come no more at thee. If outward blefQngs be not as wings to help vs mount vpwards, they will Certainly proue Clogs and waights that will pull vs lower downward. LXIX. A LL the Comforts of this life may be compared to ■^ *- the gourd of Jonah, that notwithftanding we take great delight for a feafon in them, and find their Ihadow very comfortable, yet there is fome worm or other of difcontent, of feare, or greife that lyes at the root, which in great part withers the pleafure which elfe we fhould take in them; and well it is that we perceiue a decay in their greennes, for were earthly comforts permanent, who would look for heauenly? LXX. LL men are truly fayd to be tenants at will, and it may as truly be fayd, that all haue a leafe of their Hues, — fome longer, fome fhorter, — as it pleafes A' 70 An lie Bradjirecfs Works. our great landlord to let. All haue their bounds let, ouer which they cannot pafle, and till the expiration of that time, no dangers, no ficknes, no paines nor troubles, fhall put a period to our dayes; the certainty that that time will come, together with the vncer- tainty how, where, and when, fhould make vs fo to number our dayes as to apply our hearts to wifedome, that when wee are put out of thefe houfes of clay, we may be fure of an euerlafting habitation that fades not away. LXXI. \ LL weak and difeafed bodys haue hourly me- •^ -^ mentos of their mortality. But the foundeft of men haue likwife their nightly monitor by the em- bleam of death, which is their fleep (for fo is death often calld), and not only their death, but their graue is liuely reprefented before their eyes, by beholding their bed; the morning may mind them of the refur- redlion; and the fun approaching, of the appearing of the Sun of righteoufnes, at whofe comeing they fhall all rife out of their beds, the long night fhall fly away, and the day of eternity fhall neuer end: feeing thefe things muft be, what manner of perfons ought we to be, in all good converfation ? LXXII. S the brands of a fire, if once fevered, will of themfelues goe out, altho you vfe no other meanes to extinguilb them, fo dilfance of place, to- A^ Meditations. 7 1 gether with length of time (if there be no intercourfe) will coole the afteftiones of intimate friends, though there fhould be no difplealence betweene them. LXXIII. A GOOD name is as a precious oyntment, and it is a great favour to haue a good repute among good men; yet it is not that which Commends vs to God, for by his ballance we muft be weighed, and by his Judgment we muft be tryed, and, as he pafles the fentence, fo fhall we ftand. LXXIV. ■\1 fELL doth the Apoftle call riches deceitful! " ' riches, and they may truely be compared to de- ceitfull friends who fpeake faire, and promife much, but perform nothing, and fo leaue thofe in the lurch that moft relyed on them: fo is it with the wealth, honours, and pleafures of this world, which miferably delude men and make them put great confidence in them, but when death threatens, and diftreflTe lays hold vpon them, they proue like the reeds of Egipt that peirce infteed of fupporting,''^ like empty wells in the time of drought, that thofe that go to finde water in them, return with their empty pitchers afhamed. * "Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it." — 2 Kings xviii. 21. I Anne Bradjlreefs Works. LXXV. T is admirable to conlider the power of faith, by which all things are (almoft) poffible to be done: it can remoue mountaines (if need were) it hath ftayd the courfe of the fun, raifed the dead, caft out divels, reverfed the order of nature, quenched the violence of the fire, made the water become firme footing for Peter to walk on; nay more then all thefe, it hath ouercome the Omnipotent himfelf, as when Mofes in- tercedes for the people, God fath to him, let me alone that I may deftroy them, as if Mofes had been able, by the hand of faith, to hold the everlafting armes of the mighty God of Jacob ; yea, Jacob him- felf, when he wreftled with God face to face in Pen- iel: let me go! fath that Angell. I will not let thee go, replys Jacob, till thou blefle me! faith is not only thus potent, but it is fo neceflary that without faith there is no falvation, therfore, with all our feek- ings and gettings, let vs aboue all feek to obtain this pearle of prife. LXXVI. O OME chriftians do by their lufts and Corruptions as *^ the Ifralits did by the Canaanites, not deftroy them, but put them vnder tribute, for that they could do (as they thought) with leffe hazard, and more profit; but what was the IfTue ? they became a fnare vnto them, prickes in their eyes, and thornes in their fides, and at Meditations. 73 laft ouercame them, and kept them vnder flauery : fo it is moft certain that thofe that are difobedient to the Command of God, and endeavour not to the vtmofl to drive out all their accurfed inmates, but make a league with them, they Ihall at laft fall into perpetuall bond- age vnder them vnleffe the great deliuerer, Chrift Jefus, come to their refcue. LXXVII. /^^OD hath by his prouidence fo ordered, that no ^-^ one Covntry hath all Commoditys w^ithin it felf, but vv^hat it wants, another fhall fupply, that fo there may be a mutuall Commerce through the world. As it is with Covntrys fo it is with men, there was neuer yet any one man that had all excellences, let his parts, naturall and acquired, fpirituall and morall, be neuer fo large, yet he ftands in need of fomething which another man hath, (perhaps meaner then him- felf,) which fliews vs perfe6lion is not below, as alfo, that God will haue vs beholden one to another. MY hon"' and dear mother intended to haue filled up this Book with the like obfervations, but was prevented by Death.* * This note is in the handwriting of the Rev. Simon Bradstreet. 74 Anne Bradjlreet'' s Works. Ad Sim. Bradjlreet filium charifsimum meum. TN posteris Parentes vitam perpetuam faciunt, & in liberorum imitatione, mores diuturnos. Naturaliter tamen posteritati ineft difpositio magis, defeftus majorum quam vertutes imitari. Sed a te, meliora, mi Fili, expefto. Tu enim, petiisti, ut scrip- tioni tibi legendum, aliquid, cum ab oculis detraherer, committerem. His igitur sequentibus meditatiuncu- lis, nihil venit in mentem, tibi idoneus, mihi nihil facilius. Qiialia funt addico tibi. Parva ab amicis acceptabilia funt dona, multo magis, a filiis piis. Co- gitationes aliorumquo nullas nifi vere maternas darem, studiose vitavi; quas, magni estimandas, credo, mei cauia, futuras, licet seipsis, parvas fuerint. Largiatur tibi in hac vita gratiam suam Jehovah, & posthac gloriae coronam donet, ut in Die judicii, gaudio te summo, afpiciam. — Sic Deum continuo fupplice rogat Tua amantifsima Parens, Ann Bradstreet. Mar. 3o. 1664. Hgec Epiftola Romano Sermone verfus eft a Si- mone Bradftreet hujus Excellentifsimae Fceminee Pronepote, cum fequentibus meditatiunculis.* * " This epistle was translated into the Roman Language by Simon Bradstreet, this most excellent woman's great-grandson, together with the following short meditations." This Simon Bradstreet was son of the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, of Meditations. 75 Meditationes Divines & Ethicce. I. "Tj^ST nihil occulis vifibile, hominum nullse aftiones, nullum acquifitum bonum, nullum praefens uel futurum malum, a quibus omnibus animi salutem & utilitatem promovere non pofsimus — Et ille homo, non minus sapiens, quam plus eft, qui tales fruftus ab eis carpit. 11. "r)LURIMI queant bene loqui, at paucis bene agere. ■^ Majores in fpeculatione, quam fumus in adlione. Ipfe autera revera Chriftianus est qui in utrifque pro- ficit. III. TUVENTUS est capiendi, ampliandi setas media & ^ utendi fenedlus, optima opportunitas. Juventus remifsa, ignorantem facit mediam setatem, & fere, fen- e6tutem, utreeque vacuam reduat. Et cujus eft tantum vanitate & mendaciis cibus, cubitum maeftus eft eun- dum. Charlestown, Mass., and grandson of the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, of New- London, Conn. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1728, and was or- dained minister of the Second Church in Marblehead, Mass., Jan. 4, 1738, to fill the place of the Rev. Edward Holyoke, who had been elected Presi- dent of Harvard College. He is described as " a moft worthy, pious, devout chriftian, and faithful paftor,'' and also as "an excellent fcholar." — Mass. Hist. Coll., viii. 75-76. This Latin translation was probably made in his youth. He died Oct. 5. 1771- 76 Anne BradJireeV s Works. IV. T TT navis quae nimium vela petit fubtimia,* nul- ^^ lamq; habens vel levem fuburram,f cito everti- tur, sic homo multa scientia ac doftrina, fed gratia & prudentia parva prseditus, ab imis ruinse profunditati- bus non procul abest. * Snhlittiia. \ Saburram. POEMS. The "Poems" are printed from the second edition, which was published in Boston, in 1678, and whicli contained the author's corrections, and some unpublished pieces. Fac-similes of the title- pages of the first and second editions ar© given. THE TENTH MUSE Lately fprung up in America. OR Severall Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and Learning,full of delight. Wherein efpecially is contained acom- pleat difcourfe and defcription of /• Elements, The Four ) Conjlitutions, \ Ages of Man, (. Seajbns of the Year. Together with an Exaft Epitomie of ' the Four Monarchies, viz, r AJfyrian, The ^ P(^rfian, ^ Grecian, C Rotnan. Alfo a Dialogue between Old England and New, concerning the late troubles. With divers other pleafant and ferious Poems. By a Gentlewoman in thofe parts. , Printed at l^ondon for Stephen Bowiell at the figne of the w I Bible in Popes Head-Alley. 1650. f 2 SEVERAL 5 I P O E M S I ^ Compiled with great variety of Wit and ^ ^ Learning, full of Delight ; ^* ■4s' Wherein efpecially is contained a compleat ^ ^ Difcourfe, and Defcription of J^ ^ /• ELEMENTS. •*«► ^ The Four ) CONSTITUTIONS, J -* ) AGES of Man, -^^ ^ ^ SEASONS of the Year. J ^ Together with an exaft Epitome of ^ ■^ the three firft Monarchyes *§►• ^ F/^'. The ) PERSIAN, ^ ;$ ( GRECIAN. % ^ And beginning of the'Raxiidi.Tie, Common-wealth ^ ^ /o ^^e end of their laji King : •4►■ -^ . . '^ ^ With diverfe other pleafant & ferious Poems, -^ ^ ■!§► ■^ By a Gentlewoman in New-England. 3^ ^ The fecond Edition, Correiied by the Author, ^ ^ and enlarged by an Addition of fever al other ^ "^ Poems fotmd amongjl her Papers ^ ^ after her Death. ^ ^ — ^ •^ Bojlon, Printed by John Fojler, 1678. •€»- Kind Reader : [iii] Ad I opportunity but to borrow fome of the Authors wit, 'tis poffible I might fo trim this curious work with fuch quaint expreffions, as that the Preface might be- fpeak thy further Perufal; but I fear 'twill be a ihame for a Man that can fpeak fo little, To be feen in the title-page of this Womans Book, left by comparing .the one with the other, the Reader fliould pafs his fen- tence that it is the gift of women not only to fpeak moft but to fpeak beft; I ftial leave therefore to com- mend that, which with any ingenious Reader will too much commend the Author, unlefs men turn more peevifh then women, to envy the excellency of the inferiour Sex. I doubt not but the Reader will quickly find more then I can fay, and the worft effeft of his reading will be unbelief, which will make him quef- tion whether it be a womans work, and afke. Is is poffible ? If any do, take this as an anfwer from him that dares avow it; It is the Work of a Woman, 84 Anne BradJireeVs Works. honoured, and efteemed where fhe lives, for her gracious demeanour, her eminent parts, her pious converfation, her courteous difpofition, her exaft dili- gence in her place, and difcreet managing of her Family [iv] occafions, and more then fo, thefe Poems are the fruit but of fome few houres, curtailed from her fleep and other refreftiments. I dare adde little left I keep thee too long; if thou wilt not believe the worth of thefe things (in their kind) when a man fayes it, yet believe it from a woman when thou feeft it. This only I fhall annex, I fear the difpleafure of no perfon in the publilhing of thefe Poems but the Author, without whofe knowledg, and contrary to her expeftation, I have prefumed to bring to publick view, vi^hat fhe refolved in fuch a manner fhould never fee the Sun; but I found that diverfe had gotten fome fcattered Papers, affefted them well, were likely to have fent forth broken pieces, to the Authors preju- dice, which I thought to prevent, as well as to plea- fure thofe that earneftly deiired the view of the whole. "X/T^^rcury fhew'd Apollo, Bartas Book, [v] "'-'■^ Minerva this, and wifht him well to look. And tell uprightly which did which excell, He view'd and view'd, and vow'd he could not tel. They bid him Hemifphear his mouldy nofe, With's crackt leering glaffes, for it would pofe The beft brains he had in's old pudding-pan, Sex weigh'd, which beft, the Woman, or the Man ? He peer'd and por'd, & glar'd, & faid for wore, I'me even as wife now, as I was before: They both 'gan laugh, and faid it was no mar'l The Auth'refs was a right Du Bartas Girle. Good footh quoth the old Don, tell ye me fo, I mufe whither at length thefe Girls will go ; It half revives my chil froft-bitten blood. To fee a Woman once, do ought that's good ; And chode by Chancers Boots, and Homers Furrs, Let Men look to't, leaft Women wear the Spurrs, N. Ward.^ * This clergyman, well known as the eccentric author of " The Simple Cobbler of Agawam," had been a neighbor of Mrs. Bradstreet in Ipswich. He returned to England in 1647, and may have been concerned in the pub- lication of her poems. To my dear Sijler, the Author of [vi] thefe Poems. *' I ^Hough moft that know me, dare (I think) affirm -■- I ne're was born to do a Poet harm, Yet when I read your pleafant witty ftrains. It wrought fo ftrongly on my addle brains ; That though my verfe be not fo finely fpun. And fo (like yours) cannot fo neatly run. Yet am I willing, with upright intent. To fhew my love without a complement. There needs no painting to that comely face. That in its native beauty hath fuch grace; What I (poor filly I) prefix therefore. Can but do this, make yours admir'd the more ; And if but only this, I do attain Content, that my difgrace may be your gain. If women, I with women may compare. Your works are folid, others weak as Air; Some Books of Women I have heard of late, Perufed fome, fo witlefs, intricate, So void of fenfe, and truth, as if to erre Were only wiflit (adling above their fphear) And all to get, what (filly Souls) they lack, Efteem to be the wifefl of the pack; Poetical Addrejfes to the Author. 87 Though (for your fake) to fome this be permitted, fvii] To print, yet wifh I many better witted; Their vanity make this to be enquired, If Women are with wit and fence infpired: Yet when your Works fhall come to pubHck view, 'Twill be affirm'd, 'twill be confirm'd by you : And I, when ferioufly I had revolved What you had done, I prefently refolved, Theirs was the Perfons, not the Sexes failing, And therefore did be-fpeak a modeft vailing. You have acutely in ElizcC?, ditty,* Acquitted Women, elfe I might with pitty. Have wifht them all to womens Works to look, And never more to meddle with their book. What you have done, the Sun fhall witnefs bear, That for a womans Work 'tis very rare ; And if the Nine, vouchfafe the Tenth a place, I think they rightly may yield you that grace. But leaft I fhould exceed, and too much love, Should too too much endear'd affeftion move, To fuper-adde in praifes, I fliall ceafe, Leaft while I pleafe myfelf I fhould difpleafe The longing Reader, who may chance complain, And fo requite my love with deep difdain; That I your filly Servant, ftand i' th' Porch, Lighting your Sun-light, with my blinking Torch ; Hindring his minds content, his fweet repofe. Which your delightful Poems do difclofe, * See her Elegj "In Honour of that High and Mighty Princefs Queen Elizabeth of Happy Memory." 88 Anne Bradjireef s Works. When once the Cafkets op'ned; yet to you Let this be added, then I'le bid adieu, If you fhall think, it will be to your fhame [viii] To be in print, then I rnuft bear the blame : If't be a fault, 'tis mine, 'tis fliame that might Deny fo fair an Infant of its right. To look abroad j I know your modeft mind, How you will blufh, complain, 'tis too unkind: To force a womans birth, provoke her pain, Expofe her labours to the Worlds difdain. I know you'l fay, you do defie that mint. That ftampt you thus, to be a fool in print. 'Tis true, it doth not now fo neatly ftand. As if 'twere poUifht with your own fweet hand ; 'Tis not fo richly deckt, fo trimly tir'd. Yet it is fuch as juftly is admir'd. If it be folly, 'tis of both, or neither. Both you and I, we'l both be fools together; And he that fayes, 'tis foolifh, (if my word May fway) by my confent fhall make the third, I dare out-face the worlds difdain for both, If you alone profefs you are not wroth; Yet if you are, a Womans wrath is little. When thoufands elfe admire you in each Tittle. * Both this and the address to the reader were undouhtedly written by the Rev. John Woodbridge, first minister of Andover. He was Mrs. Brad- street's brother-in-law, having married her sister Mercy. He sailed for England in 1647, and was there when the first edition of these poems was published. A more particular account of him is giveii in the Introduction. IJMMUiipi m^g^wB^j H^^jJfv^S « Y^i^^'^S^^BB'tk i^^^'dr ^^^n m^c^0\ "/^Jl^rt^lUSwr B ^^MKwB^n ^wM g,^^^^^s ^^^^ ^^^ aa^^M Vpon the Aiitho7^; hy [ix] a known Friend. IV T Otv I believe Tradition, nvhich doth call The Alicfes, Virtues, Graces, Females all; Only they are not nine, eleven nor three; Our AutKrefs proves them but one unity. Mankind take up fome blujhes on the /core; Monopolize perfediion no more; In your own Arts, con^e/s your /elves out-done, The Moon hath totally eclips'd the Sun, Not -with her fable Mantle muffling him; But her bj'ight Jilver makes his gold look dim : yuji as his beams force our pale lamps to wink. And earthly Fires, within their afies flirink. B. W* * These initials, which appeared for the first time in the second edition, are thought to be those of the Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge, D.D., brother of the Rev. John Woodbridge. He was born in England, and after having studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, came to join his brother, and some other relations, in this country. He entered Harvard College, and his name stands first on the list of graduates. He was among the first set- tlers of the town of Andover ; but he soon returned to England, where he succeeded the Rev. William Twiss, D.D., as minister of Newbury, in 90 Anne Bradji reefs Works. I cannot -wonder at Apollo noiv, That he with Female Latirel cronvn^d his brow, That made him witty: had I leave to cho/e, My Verfe Jlioiild be a -page unto your Mufe C. B* Berkshire. He held that position until his death in 1684, a period of about f°''ty. JE^rs. His learning, ability, and goodness have been highly eulo- gized. I have been unable to discover to whom the initials belong attached to the other verses. * In the first edition, immediately after these, are the following verses : — ARME, arme, Soldado's arme, Horfe, Horfe, fpeed to your Horfes, Gentle-women, make head, they vent their plots in Verfes ; They write of Monarchies, a moft fe- ditious word. It fignifies Oppreffion, Tyranny, and Sword : March amain to London, they'l rife, for there they flock, But ftay a while, they feldome rife till ten a clock. R. ^. Poetical Addrejfes to the Author. 91 In praife of the Author, Miftris Anne Bradjireet, [x] Virtues true and lively Pattern, Wife of the Worfhipfull Simon Bradjireet Efq; At -prefent rejiding in the Occidental -parts of the World in America, Alias NOV-ANGLIA. "\ 7""\ THat golden fplendent STAR is this fo ^ ' bright, One thoufand Miles twice told, both day and night, (^From tK Orient jirjl fprung) now from the Weji That Jhines', fwift-winged Phoebus, and the rejl Of all Rove's fery flames furmounting far As doth each Planet, every falling Star; By whofe divine and lucid light moji clear Natures dark fecret myjleryes appear; Heavens, Earths, admired wonders, noble adls Of Kings and Princes moJi heroich fa6is. And what e're elfe in darknefs feem'' d to dye. Revives all things fo obvious now to tK eye, That he who thefe it s glittering rayes views e're. Shall fee whafs done in all the world before. N. H. 92 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Upon the Author. [xi] "T^Were extream folly fliould I dare attempt, "^ To praife this Authors worth with complement; None but her felf muft dare commend her parts, Whofe fublime brain's the Synopfis of Arts. Nature and fkill, here both in one agree. To frame this Mafter-piece of Poetry: Falfe Fame, belye their Sex no more, it can Surpafs, or parallel, the beft of Man. C.B. Another to Mrs. Anne Bradjlreet, Author of this Poem. T'Ve read your Poem (Lady) and admire. Your Sex to fuch a pitch fhould e're afpire; Go on to write, continue to relate. New Hiftoryes, of Monarchy and State." And what the Romans to their Poets gave. Be fure fuch honour, and efteem you'l have. H. S. An Anagram. Anna Bradejireate Deer neat An Barias. OO Barias like thy fine fpun Poems been, *— ^ That Barias name will prove an Epicene. Another. Anna Bradjireate Artes bred neat An. VP O N [xii] Mrs. Anne Br adjireet Her Poems, &c. "TV /TAD AM, twice through the Mufes Grove I walkt, ^^ ^ Under your blifsfull bowres, I fhrowding there, It feem'd with Nymphs of Helicon I talkt: For there thofe fweet-lip'd Sifters fporting were, Apollo with his facred Lute fate by, On high they made their heavenly Sonnets flye, Pofies around they ftrow'd, of fweeteft Poefie. Twice have I drunk the Neftar of your lines. Which high fublim'd my mean born phantafie, Flufht with thefe ftreams of your Maronean wines Above my felf rapt to an extafie : Methought I was upon Mount Hiblas top, There where I might thofe fragrant flowers lop, Whence did fweet odors flow, and honey fpangles drop. 94 Anne BradJireeVs Works. To Ve7tus flirine no Altars raifed are, Nor venom'd fhafts from painted quiver fly, Nor wanton Doves of Aphrodites Carr, Or fluttering there, nor here forlornly lie, Lome Paramours, not chatting birds tell news How fage Apollo, Daphne hot purfues. Or ftately Jove himfelf is wont to haunt the ftews. Nor barking Satyrs breath, nor driery clouds [xiii] Exhal'd from Styx, their difmal drops diftil Within thefe Fairy, flowry fields, nor flirouds The fcreeching night Raven, with his fhady quill: But Lyrick firings here Orpheus nimbly hitts, Orion on his fadled Dolphin fits. Chanting as every humour, age & feafon fits. Here filver fwans, with Nightingales fet fpells. Which fweetly charm the Traveller, and raife Earths earthed Monarchs, from their hidden Cells, And to appearance fummons lapfed dayes. There heav'nly air, becalms the fwelling frayes, And fury fell of Elements allayes. By paying every one due tribute of his praife. Poetical Addrejfes to the Author. 95 This feem'd the Scite of all thofe verdant vales, And purled fpi-ings, whereat the Nymphs do play, With lofty hills, where Poets rear their tales, To heavenly vaults, which heav'nly found repay By ecchoes fweet rebound, here Ladyes kifs, Circling nor fongs, nor dances circle mifs; But whilft thofe Syrens fung, I funk in fea of blifs. 7 Thus weltring in delight, my virgin mind Admits a rape; truth-flill lyes undifcri'd. Its Angular, that plural feem'd, I find, 'Twas Fancies glafs alone that multipli'd; Nature with Art fo clofely did combine, I thought I faw the Mufes trebble trine. Which prov'd your lonely Mufe, fuperiour to the nine. 8 Your only hand thofe Poefies did compofe, [xiv] Your head the fource, whence all thofe fprings did flow. Your voice, whence changes fweetefl notes arofe, Your feet that kept the dance alone, I trow: Then vail your bonnets, Poetafters all. Strike, lower amain, and at thefe humbly fall, And deem your felves advanc'd to be her Pedefl:al. 96 Anne Bmdji reefs Works. Should all with lowly Congies Laurels bring, Wafte Floraes Magazine to find a wreathe ; Or Pineus Banks 'twere too mean ofFering, Your Mufe a fairer Garland doth bequeath To guard your fairer front; here 'tis your name Shall ftand immarbled; this your little frame Shall great Colqffus be, to your eternal fame. I'le pleafe my felf, though I my felf difgrace, What errors here be found, are in Errataes place. J. Rogers.* * These verses were not in the first edition. Their author was the son of the Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, of Ipswich. He was born in England in 1630, and came to America, with his father, in 1636. He graduated at Harvard College in 1649, and studied both divinity and medicine. He preached at Ipswich for some time, but afterwards devoted himself alto- gether to the practice of medicine. In 1682, he succeeded the Rev. Urian Oakes as President of Harvard College. He died suddenly, July 2, 1684, the day after Commencement, during an eclipse of the sun. He had re- quested, in the previous December, that the Commencement exercises should be held a day earlier than usual, as he feared the eclipse might inter- fere with them. — Mather Papers. Cotton Mather says, " He was One of fo fweet a Temper, that the Title oi Delicite humani Generis might have on that Score been given him ; and his Real Piety fet off with the Accom- pliihments of a Gentleman, as a Gem fet in Gold." — Magnalia, iv. p. 130. His wife, Elizabeth Denison, was the only daughter of Major-General Daniel Denison and Patience Dudley, and therefore Mrs. Bradstreet's niece. To her moft Honoured Fa- ther Thomas Dudley Efq^ thefe humbly prefented. [i] "T^Ear Sir of late delighted with / T. D. On -■-^ the fight \ the four Of your four Sifters cloth'd* in black ) -parts of and white, \ the -world.^ Of fairer Dames the Sun, ne'r faw the face; Though made a pedeftal for Adams Race; Their worth fo fhines in thefe rich lines you fhow Their paralels to finde I fcarcely know To climbe their Climes, I have nor ftrength nor fkill To mount fo high requires an Eagles quill; Yet view thereof did caufe my thoughts to foar; My lowly pen might wait upon thefe four * We have in the first edition, instead of this, " deckt." The readings of the first edition will be designated hereafter, without further comment, bj notes distinguished by the letters of the alphabet. t This was probably a manuscript poem. Nothing further is known of it. 13 98 Anne BradJireeVs Works. I bring my four times four/ now meanly clad To do their homage, unto yours, fulP glad: Who for their Age, their worth and quality Might feem of yours to claim precedency: But by my humble hand, thus rudely pen'd They are, your bounden handmaids to attend Thefe fame are they, from whom we being have [2] Thefe are of all, the Life, the Nurfe, the Grave, Thefe are the hot, the cold, the moift, the dry, That fink, that fwim, that fill, that upwards fly, Of thefe confifts our bodies, Cloathes and Food, The World, the ufeful, hurtful, and the good. Sweet harmony they keep, yet jar oft times Their difcord doth' appear, by thefe harfli rimes Yours did contefl: for wealth, for Arts, for Age, My firft; do fhew their good, and then their rage. My other foures "^ do intermixed tell Each others faults, and where themfelves excell; How hot and dry contend with moift: and cold, How Air and Earth no correfpondence hold, And yet in equal tempers, how they 'gree How divers natures make one Unity Something of all (though mean) I did intend But fear'd you'ld judge Du ' Bartas was my friend I honour him, but dare not wear his wealth My goods are true (though poor) I love no fl:ealth « mjfour; and four. i moft. c may. li four. e one. Dedication. 99 But if I did I diirft not fend them you Who muft reward a Thief, but with his due. I fliall not need, mine innocence to clear Thefe ragged lines, will do't, when they appear: On what they are, your mild afpedl I crave Accept my befl, my worft vouchfafe a Grave. From her that to your felf, more duty owes Then water in the boundefs Ocean flows. March 20. 1642.* ANNE BRADSTREET. " This date does not appear in the first edition. M S ^^E ^^Pm ^M IS & '^^^^M ^^H THE [3] PROLOGUE. *" I ^O ling of Wars, of Captains, and of Kings, -"- Of Cities founded, Common-wealths begun, For my mean pen are too fuperiour things : Or how they all, or each their dates have run Let Poets and Hiftorians fet thefe forth. My obfcure Lines^ fhall not fo dim their worth. 2. But when my wondring eyes and envious heart Great Bartas fugar'd lines, do but read o're Fool I do grudg the Mufes did not part 'Twixt him and me that overfluent ftore ; A Bartas can, do what a Bartas will But limple I according to my Ikill. 3- From fchool-boyes tongue no rhet'rick we expe6l Nor yet a fweet Confort from broken ftrings, Nor perfe(5l beauty, where's a main defedl: My foolifh, broken, blemifh'd Mufe fo firigs / Verfe. Prologue. I o I And this to mend, alas, no Art is able, 'Caufe nature, made it fo irreparable. Nor can I, like that fluent fweet tongu'd Greek, Who lifp'd at firft, in future times fpeak plain ^ By Art he gladly found what he did feek A full requital of his, ftriving pain Art can do much, but this maxime's moft fure [4] A weak or wounded brain admits no cure. I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who fays my hand a needle better fits, A Poets pen all fcorn I fhould thus wrong. For fuch defpite they call on Female wits : If what I do prove well, it won't advance, They'l fay it's ftoln, or elfe it was by chance. But fure the Antique Greeks were far more mild Elfe of our Sexe, why feigned they thofe Nine And poefy made. Calliope's own Child; So 'mongft the reft they placed the Arts Divine, But this weak knot, they will full foon untie, The Greeks did nought, but play the fools & lye. S fpeake afterwards more plaine. I02 Anne BradJireeVs Works. 7- Let Greeks be Greeks, and women what they are Men have precedency and ftill excell, It is but vain unjuftly to wage warre; Men can do beft, and women know it well Preheminence in all and each is yours; Yet grant fome fmall acknowledgement of ours. 8. And oh ye high flown quills that foar the Skies, And ever with your prey flill catch your praife, If e're you daigne thefe lowly lines your eyes Give Thyme or ''' Parfley wreath, I ask no bayes, This mean and unrefined ure ' of mine Will make you gliftring gold, but more to fhine. * ■^ Give wholfome. i ftuffe. * The initials, "A. B.," are appended in the first edition. ^ ^^B ^^^ ^^ > %^^^^^ ^^^^pi^ ^^^ "■^^^^^vM m ^^ ^^ The [5j Four Elements. ' I ^He Fire, Air, Earth and water did cpnteft^' -*■ Which was the ftrongeft, nobleft and the befl. Who was of greateft ufe and might'eft force j In placide Terms they thought now to difcourfe,"^ That in due order each her turn fhould fpeak; But enmity this amity did break All Avould be chief, and all fcorn'd to be under Whence ilTu'd winds & rains, lightning & thunder The quaking earth did groan, the Sky lookt black The Fire, the forced Air, in funder crack; The fea did threat the heav'ns, the heavn's the earth, All looked like a Chaos or new birth: Fire broyled Earth, & fcorched Earth it choaked Both by their darings, water fo provoked That roaring in it came, and with its fource Soon made the Combatants abate their force / Fire, Aire, Earth, and Water, did all conteft. k Who the moft good could fliew, & who moft rage For to declare, themfelves they all ingage. I04 Antie Bradjireefs Works. The rumbling hiffing, puffing was fo great The worlds confufion, it did feem to threat Till gentle Air/ Contention fo abated That betwixt hot and cold, fhe arbitrated The others difference,'" being lefs did ceafe All ftorms now laid, and they in perfe6l peace That Fire fhould firft begin, the reft confent, [6] The nobleft and moft aftive Element." — ii.5- yet wealth. •f fent. ' loynes. 158 Anne BradJireeVs Works. Yea, juftice have I done, was I in place, To chear the good, and wicked to deface. The proud I crufli't, th'oppreffed I fet free, The lyars curb'd, but nouriflit verity. Was I a Pallor, I my Flock did feed, And gently lead the Lambs as they had need. A Captain I, with Skill I train'd my Band, And fhew'd them how in face of Foes to ftand. A Souldier I, with fpeed I did obey As readily, as could my leader fay. Was I a labourer, I w^rought all day As cheerfully as e're I took my pay. Thus hath mine Age in all fometimes done well. Sometimes again, mine Age " been worfe then Hell. In meannefs, greatnefs, riches, poverty, Did toyle, did broyle, oppreff'd, did fteal and lye. Was I as poor as poverty could be, [53] Then bafenefs was Companion unto me. Such fcum as hedges and high-ways do yield. As neither fow, nor reap, nor plant, nor build, If to Agriculture I was ordain'd. Great labours, forrows, Croffes I fuftain'd. The early Cock did fummon but in vain My wakeful thoughts up to my painful gain: " My weary Beaft reft from his toyle can find. But if I reft the more diftreft my mind. " Sometimes mine age (in all). '' After this the first edition has, — For reftleffe day and night, I'm rob'd of deep, By cankered care, who centinel doth keep. The Four Ages of Man. 159 If happinefs my fordidnefs hath found, 'Twas in the Crop of my manured ground. My thriving Cattle and my new-milch-Cow, My fleeced Sheep, and fruitful farrowing Sow : *" To greater things I never did afpire. My dunghil thoughts or hopes could reach no higher. If to be rich or great it was my fate, HoM^ was I broyl'd with envy and with hate.? Greater then was the great'ft was my deiire. And thirft for honour, fet my heart on fire : ' And by Ambition's-^ fails I was fo carried, That over Flats and fands, and Rocks I hurried, Oppreft and funk, and ftav'd "^ all in my way That did oppofe me, to my longed Bay. My thirft was higher then nobility, I oft long'd fore to tafl on Royalty: Then Kings mufl be depos'd or put to flight, I might poflefs that Throne which was their right;" There fet, I rid my felf ftraight out of hand Of fuch Competitors, as might in time withftand.* «" My fatted Oxe, and mj exuberous Cow, My fleeced Ewe, and ever farr owing Sow. ■t And greater ftil, did fet my heart on fire. If honour was the point, to which I fteer'd ; To run my hull upon difgrace I fear'd. y But by ambitious. ^ facSl. a Instead of this and the preceding line, the first edition has, — Whence poyfon, Pifliols, and dread inftruments, Have been curft furtherers of mine intents. Nor Brothers, Nephewes, Sons, nor Sires I've fpar'd, When to a Monarchy, my way they barr'd. b Of fuch as might my fon, or his withftand. i6o Anne Bradjl reefs Works. Then thought my Hate firm founded fure to laft, [54] But in a trice 'tis ruin'd by a blaft, Though cemented with more then noble bloud, The bottom nought, and fo no longer flood." Sometimes vain glory is the only baite Whereby my empty Soul is lur'd and caught. Be I of wit/ of learning, and of parts, I judge I fliould have room in all mens hearts. And envy gnaws if any do furmount, I hate, not to be held in high'fl account.' If Bias like I'm ftript unto my skin, I glory in my wealth I have within.* Thus good and bad, and what I am you fee, Now in a word, what my difeafes be. The vexing ftone in bladder and in reins. The Strangury torments me with fore pains.'' The windy Cholick oft my bowels rend. To break the darkfome prifon where it's pen'd. The Cramp and Gout*' doth fadly torture me, And the reftraining, lame Sciatica. The Aftma, Megrim, Palfy, Lethargic, The quartan Ague, dropfy, Lunacy.-* <■ Instead of this and the three preceding lines, the first edition has, — Then heapt up gold, and riches as the clay; Which others fcatter, like the dew in May. <1 worth. e I hate for to be had, in fmall account. / Torments me with intoUerable paines ; g The knotty Gout. * The Quiniie, and the Feavours, oft diftafte me. And the Confumption, to the bones doth wafte me; * " Omnia mea porto mecum.'' — Bias, apud Cic. Parad. I. i. 8. The Four Ages of Matt. i6i Subjeft to all diftempers ' (that's the truth) Though fome more incident, to Age or Youth. And to conclude, I may not tedious be, Man at his bell eftate is vanity. Old Age. '\ T[ /"HAT you have been, ev'n fuch have I before: * ^ And all you fay, fay I, and fomewhat more. Babes innocence, youths wrildnefs I have feen, [55] And in perplexed middle Age have been: Sicknefs, dangers, and anxieties have paft. And on this ftage am come to a6t my laft. I have been young, and ftrong, and w^ife as you : But now Bis -pueri fenes, is too true. In every Age I've found much vanity, An end of all perfedlion now I fee. It's not my valour, honour, nor my gold. My ruin'd houfe now falling can uphold. It's not my learning Rhetorick wit fo large. Hath now the power, death's warfare to difcharge. It's not my goodly ftate,^' nor bed of downe That can refrefli, or eafe, if Confcience frown. Nor from Alliance can I now have hope. But what I have done well, that is my prop; i Difeafes. / houfe. i62 Anne Bradjl reefs Works. He that in youth is godly, wife and fage, Provides a ftafF then to fupport his Age. Mutations great, fome joyful and fome fad. In this fhort pilgrimage I oft have had. Sometimes the Heavens with plenty fmil'd on me Sometime again rain'd all Adverfity. Sometimes in honour, fometimes in difgrace. Sometime an Abje6l, then again in place. Such private changes oft mine eyes have feen, In various times of ftate I've alfo been. I've feen a Kingdome flourifh like a tree. When it was rul'd by that Celeftial fhe;* And like a Cedar, others fo furmount: That but for fhrubs they did themfelves account. Then faw I France and Holland, fav'd Cales won,f [56] And Philip and Alberhis half undone. I faw all peace at home, terror to foes. But ah, I faw at laft thofe eyes to clofe. And then methought the day '' at noon grew dark When it had loft that radiant Sun-like Spark: * Qj-ieen Elizabeth. t It is diiBcult to explain this reference unless the destruction of the Span- ish Armada in 1588 is ineant. While it was at anchor before Calais, it was scattered and put to flight by a successful stratagem of the English admiral. The Englifh thus gained an advantage which they soon followed up to victory. It can hardly refer to the surprise of Calais in 1596, by Albert, Archduke of Austria, who had recently been made Governor of the Neth- erlands by Philip II. of Spain. The various successes of Elizabeth may, perhaps, be said to have " half undone " Philip and Albert. * world. The Four Ages of Man. 163 In midft of griefs I faw our ' hopes ^evive^ (For 'twas our hopes then kept our hearts alive) We chang'd our queen for king* under whofe ra3'es We joy'd in many bleft and profperous dayes. I've feen a Prince, the glory of our land In prime of youth feiz'd by heavens angry hand, Which fil'd our hearts with fears, with tears our eyes; Wailing his fate, & our own deftinies.f I've feen from Rome an execrable thinor, A Plot to blow up Nobles and their King, But faw their horrid faft foon difappointed. And Land & Nobles fav'd with their anointed. J I've Princes feen to live on others lands; A royal one by gifts from ftrangers hands Admired for their magnanimity. Who loft a Prince-dome and a Monarchy.§ I've feen deligns for Ree and RocJiel croft, || And Poor Palatinate for ever loft. ' fome. * James I. t Heni-j, Prince of Wales, died suddenly Nov. 6, 1612, in his nineteenth year. He was very popular, and his death was greatly lamented, espe- cially by the more religious party, whose friend he was. I Gunpowder Plot. § The Elector Palatine Frederick V., who had married the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., accepted the crown from the revolted states of Bohemia in 1619. He did not long enjoy this dangerous honor, but was beaten by the Austrians in the battle of Prague, Nov. 9, 1620, and was obliged, with his family, to take refuge in Holland. He soon after lost also his hereditary possessions, and passed the rest of his life as a needy exile, wandering from court to court. The Reformed Religion in Bohemia fell with him ; an event which caused the greatest sorrow to all Protestants. II Buckingham made an unsuccessful attempt to take the Isle de Rho, in 164 Anne Bradji reefs Works. I've leen unworthy men advanced high, (And better ones fufFer extremity) But neither favour, riches, title. State, Could length their dayes or once reverfe their fate I've feen one ftab'd,* and fome to loofe their heads f And others fly, llruck both with gilt and dread. I've feen and fo have you, for tis but late, [57] The defolation of a goodly State, Plotted and a6led fo that noiie can tell. Who gave the counfel, but the Prince of hell. Three hundred thoufand flaughtered innocents, By bloudy Popifh, hellifli mifcreants: Oh may you live, and fo you will I truft To fee them fwill in bloud untill they burft.J I've feen a King § by force thruft from his throne, And an Ufurper|| fubt'ly mount thereon. front of La Rochelle, in 1627. Instead of " Rochel" the first edition has " Cades" referring to the failure of a naval expedition under the command of Sir Edward Cecil, which sailed in October, 1625, to capture some Span- ish treasure ships in the bay of Cadiz. * Buckingham. t The Earl of Strafford, Archbishop Laud, and Charles I. X Whoever has read of the massacre and inhuman atrocities connected with the Insurrection in Ireland in 1641 will not be surprised at the strong language of the author. As to the number of those killed, Hume says, "Bj some computations, those who perished by all these cruelties are sup- posed to be a hundred and fifty or two hundred thousand : by the most moderate, and probably the most reasonable account, they are made to amount to forty thousand, — if this estimation itself be not, as is usual in such cases, somewhat exaggerated." — History of England, chap. Iv. § Charles I. || Cromwell. The FoHK Ages of Man. 165 I've feen a ftate unmoulded, rent in twain, But ye may live to fee't made up again. I've feen it plunder'd, taxt and foak'd in bloud, But out of evill you may fee much good. What are my thoughts, this is no time to fay. Men may more freely fpeak another day.* * In the first edition there is a different version of the events related in the passage beginning with line 3, page 163 ("We changed our queen for king," &c.), and ending here. It will be observed in this and many other places, that the author, in preparing her poems for republication, had regard to the political changes which had taken place. Charles II. had been restored, and it was necessary to be loyal or silent. I faw hopes dalht, our forwardneffe was flient, And filenc'd we, by Aft of Parliament. I've feen from Rome, an execrable thing, A plot to blow up Nobles, and their King; I've feen defignes at Ree, and Cades croft. And poor Palatinate for ever loft; I've feen a Prince, to live on others lands, A Koyall one, by almes from Subjefts hands, I've feen bafe men, advanc'd to great degree, And worthy ones, put to extremity : But not their Princes love, nor ftate fo high • Could once reverfe, their fliamefull deftiny. I've feen one ftab'd, another loofe his head ; And others fly their Country, through their dread. I've feen, and fo have ye, for 'tis but late. The defolation, of a goodly State. Plotted and afted, fo that none can tell, Who gave the counfel, but the Prince of hell. I've feen a land unmoulded with great paine. But yet may live, to fee't made up again : I've feen it fliaken, rent, and foak'd in blood. But out of troubles, ye may fee much good. 1 66 Anne B nidji reef s Works. Tliefe are no old-wives tales, but this is truth, We old men love to tell what's done in youth. But I return from whence I ftept awry, My memory is bad,'" my brain is dry: Mine Almond tree, grey hairs, doe flourifh now, And back once ftraight, apace begins to bow: My grinders now are few, my fight doth fail. My skin is wrinkled, and my cheeks are pale. No more rejoyce at mulicks pleafing noife, But waking glad to hear the cocks fhrill voice: " I cannot fcent favours of pleafant meat. Nor fapors find in what I drink or eat: My arms and hands once ftrong have loft their might I cannot labour, much lefs can I fight." My comely legs as nimble as the Roe * [58] Now ftifF and numb, can hardly creep or goe, My heart fometimes as fierce as Lion bold, Now trembling is, all^ fearful fad and cold; My golden Bowl and filver Cord e're long Shall both be broke, by racking death fo ftrong: Then fliall I go whence I fhall come no more. Sons, Nephews, leave my farewel ^ to deplore. In pleafures and in labours I have found That Earth can give no confolation found; m fliort. " But do awake, at the cocks clanging vojce. " nor I cannot fight. p trembling, and. * I Chron. xii. 8; Cant. ii. 9 and 17. ' Now. 170 Anne Bradji reefs Wo7'ks. For though the froft hath loft his binding power, Yet many a fleece of fnow and ftormy ftiower Doth darken SoPs bright eye,'' makes us remember The pinching North-weft wind of cold" December. My fecond moneth is April, green and fair. Of longer dayes, and a more temperate Air: The Sun in Taurus keeps his refidence,'' And with his warmer beams glanceth from thence This is the month whofe fruitful ftiowrs produces All fet and fown^ for all delights and ufes: The Pear, the Plum, and Apple-tree now flourifti The grafs grows long the hungry beaft'^ to nourifti. The Primrofe pale, and azure violet Among the virduous grafs hath nature fet. That when the Sun on's Love (the earth) doth ftiine Thefe might as lace fet out her garment fine. The fearfuU bird his little houfe now builds [61] In trees and walls, in Cities and in fields. The outfide ftrong, the infide warm and neat; A natural Artificer compleat. " face. " Nor-weft cold, of fierce. /> The Sun now keeps his polling refidence In Taurus Signe, yet hafteth ftraight from thence ; For though in's running progrefle he doth take Twelve houfes of the oblique Zodiack Yet never minute ftil was known to ftand, But only once at JoJJiua's ftrange command ; <■ All Plants, and Flowers. d the tender Lambs. The Four Seafons. i The clocking hen her chirping chickins'^ leads With wings & beak defends them from the gleads My next and laft is fruitfuU pleafant May, Wherein the earth is clad in rich aray, The Sun now enters loving Gemini, And heats us with the glances of his eye. Our thicker-^ rayment makes us lay afide Left by his fervor we be torrifi'd.-^ All flowers the Sun now with his beams difclofes/' Except the double pinks and matchlefs Rofes. Now fwarms the buf}', witty/ honey-Bee, VVhofe praife deferves a page from more then me The cleanly Hufwifes Dary's now in th' prime, Her fhelves and firkins fill'd for winter time. The meads with Cowflips, Honey-fuckles dight, One hangs his head, the other ftands upright: But both rejo3^ce at th' heavens clear fmiling face, More at her fhowers, which water them a fpace. For fruits my Seafon yields the early Cherry, The hafty Peas, and wholfome cool^ Strawberry. More folid fruits require a longer time, Each Seafon hath his fruit, fo hath each Clime : Each man his own peculiar excellence. But none in all that hath preheminence. " chipping brood now. f Winter. g terrifi'd. /' All flowers before the fun-beames now dii'clol'er-, ' buzziny. / red. 172 Anne Bradjireef s Works. Sweet fragrant Spring, with thy fhort pittance fly*" Let fome defcribe thee better then can I. Yet above all this priviledg is thine, [62] Thy dayes ftill lengthen without leaft decline ; Summer. "\ TS THEN Spring had done, the Sutnmer did' begin, ' ~ With melted tauny face, and garments thin, Refembling Fire, Choler, and Middle age, As Spring did Air, Blood, Youth in's equipage. Wiping the fweat from of her face'" that ran. With hair all wet fhe puffing thus began; Bright June, July and Augujl hot are mine, In'th firfl Sol doth in crabbed Cancer fhine. His progrefs to the North now's fully done. Then retrograde muft be" my burning Sun, Who to his fouthward Tropick ftill is bent. Yet doth his parching heat but more augment Though he decline, becaufe his flames fo fair, Have throughly dry'd the earth, and heat the air." k Instead of this and the following line, the first edition has, — Some fubjedt, ihallow braines, much matter jeelds, Sometime a theame that's large, proves barren fields. Melodious Spring, with thj fliort pittance flye, In this harfli ftrain, I find no melody, I muft. m brow. « now is. o The reafon why, becaufe his flames fo faire. Hath formerly much heat, the earth and aire. The Four Seafons. 173 Like as an Oven that long time hath been heat, Whofe vehemenc}' at length doth grow fo great, That if you do withdraw^ her burning ftore, Tis*" for a time as fervent as before. Now go thofe frolick Swains, the Shepherd Lads To wafh the'' thick cloth'd flocks with pipes full glad In the cool fl;reams they labour with delight Rubbing their dirty coats till they look white ; Whofe fleece when finely" fpun and deeply dy'd With Robes thereof Kings have been dignifi'd. Bleft ruflick Swains, your pleafant quiet life, [63J Hath envy bred in Kings that were at ftrife,' Carelefs of worldly wealth you ^\xv^" and pipe, Whilft they'r imbroyl'd in wars & troubles rife;^ Which made great Bajazet cry out in's woes. Oh happy fhepherd which hath not to lofe. Orthobulus, nor yet Sebajiia gTcat, But whift'leth to thy flock in cold and heat.* t remove. i She's. '' their. s purely. t Instead of this and the preceding line, the first edition has, — 'Mongft all je Ihepheards never but one man, Was like that noble, brave Arckadian. Yet hath jour life, made kings the fame envj. Though jou repofe on graffe under the skye. » fit. '" ripe. * "Moft of the Latine hiftories report, that when Tamerlane had taken Sebastia, hee put all the men to the fword, and bringing the women and children into the fields without the citie, there ouer-ran them with his horfemen, excepting fome few which were referued for prifoners. As alfo th.z.'s. Baiazet there loft his eldeft fonne Ertkogrul (of fome called Orlho- bules) whofe death with the lofle of the citie fo much grieued him (as is 174 Aline Bradjl reefs Works. Viewing the Sun by day, the Moon by night Endimions, Dianaes dear delight, Upon the grafs refting your healthy limbs. By purling Brooks looking how fifties fwims. If pride within your lowly Cells ere haunt. Of him that was Shepherd then King go vaunt.* This moneth the Rofes are diftil'd in glaffes, VVhofe fragrant fmel™ all made perfumes furpalfes The Cherry, Goofeberry are now in th' prime. And for all forts of Peafe, this is the time. July my next, the hott'ft in all the year, The fun through Leo now takes'^ his Career, VVhofe flaming breath doth melt us from afar, Increafed by the ftar Canicular. This Month from yulius Ccej'ar took its name, By Romans celebrated to his fame. Now go the Mowers to their flafhing toyle. The Meadowes of their riches^ to difpoyle, reported) that marching with his great armie againft Tamerlane, and b_v the way hearing a country Ihepheard merrily repofing himfelf with his homely pipe, as he fat vpon the fide of a mountaine feeding his poore flock; ftanding flill a great while liftening vnto him, to the great admira- tion of many, at laft fetching a deepe figh, brake forth in thefe words : O happie ihepheard, which haddefl: neither Ortkobules nor Sebastia to loofe : bewraying therein his owne difcontentment, and j'et withal fliewing, That worldly blifle confifVeth not fo much in pofleffing of much, fubjedt vnto danger, as joying a little contentment deuoid of feare." — The Generall HisTORiE OF THE TuRKES, BY RiCHARD Knolles. Second edition. i6io. p. 216. Bajazet I. became Sultan of the Turks in 1389, and died in 1403. * This and the three preceding lines are not in the first edition. ju fcent. ^ hath. y burden. The Four Seafons. 171; With weary ftrokes, they take all in their way, Bearing the burning heat of the long day. The forks and Rakes do follow them amain. Which makes the aged fields look young again. The groaning Carts do bear away this prize. [64] To Stacks and Barns where it for Fodder lyes. My next and lafl is Auguji fiery hot (For much, the South-ward Sun abateth not) This Moneth he keeps with Virgo for a fpace, The dryed Earth is parched with his face. Auguji of great Augujius took its name, jRomes fecond Emperour of lafting^ fame, With fickles now the bending" Reapers goe The ruffling trefs of terra down to mowe ; And bundles up in fheaves, the weighty wheat. Which after Manchet makes ^ for Kings to eat: The Barly, Rye and Peafe" fhould firft had place, Although their bread have not fo white a face. The Carter leads all home with whiftling voyce, He plow'd with pain, but reaping doth rejoyce; His fweat, his toyle, his careful wakeful nights, His fruitful Crop abundantly requites. Now's ripe the Pear, Pear-plumb, and Apricock, The prince of plumbs, whofe ftone's as hard as Rock The Summer feems but fhort, the Autumn hafts'^ To fliake his fruits, of mofi; delicious tafts z peaceful. " painful. l> made. ^ The Barley, and the Rje. li The Summer's fliort, the beauteous Autumne haftes. 176 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Like good old Age, whofe younger juicy Roots Hath ftill afcended, to bear"^ goodly fruits. Until his head be gray, and ftrength be gone. Yet then appears the worthy deeds he'th done : To feed his boughs exhaufted hath his fap, Then drops his fruits into the eaters lap. Autumn. [^SJ /^^F Autumn moneths Septeinber is the prime, ^-^ Now day and night are equal in each Clime, The twelfth^ of this Sol rifeth in the Line, And doth in poizing Libra this month ftiine. The vintage now is ripe, the grapes are preft, Whofe lively liquor oft is curf'd and bleft: For nought fo good, but it may be abufed, But its a precious juice when well its ufed. The raifins now in clufters dryed be. The Orange, Lemon dangle on the tree : The Pomegranate, the Fig are ripe alfo. And Apples now their yellow fides do fhow. Of Almonds,-^ Quinces, Wardens, and of Peach, The feafon's now at hand of all and each. Sure at this time, time firft of all began. And in this moneth was made apoftate Man; ' up in. / tenth. e Of Medlar. The Four Seafons. 177 For then in Eden was not only feen, Boughs full of leaves, or fruits unripe or* green, Or withered ftocks, which were ' all dry and dead. But trees with goodly fruits replenifhedj Which fhews nor Summer, Winter nor the Spring Our Grand-Sire^ was of Paradice made King: Nor could that temp'rate Clime fuch difference make, If fcited as the mofl Judicious take.* October is my next, we hear in this The Northern winter-blafts begin to hifs. In Scorpio refideth now the Sun, \^^^ And his declining heat is almoft done. The fruitlefs ' Trees all withered now do ftand, Whofe faplefs yellow leavs, by winds are fan'd. Which notes when youth and ftrength have paft their prime Decrepit age muft alfo have its time. The Sap doth flily creep towards the Earth There refts, until the Sun give it a birth. So doth old Age ftill tend unto his grave. Where alfo he his winter time muft have ; But when the Sun of righteoufnefs draws nigh, His dead old ftock, ftiall mount again on high. November is my laft, for Time doth hafte, We now of winters ftiarpnefs 'gins to taft. k but raw, and. i " which were" is not in the first edition. ! Great Adam. * These two lines are not in the first edition. / fruitful! 23 178 Anne BradJireeVs Works. This moneth the Sun's in Sagitarius, So farre remote, his glances warm not us. Almoft at fliorteft is the fliorten'd day, The Northern pole beholdeth not one ray. Now Greenland, Groanland,* Finland, Lapland, fee No Sun, to lighten their obfcurity; Poor wretches that in total darknefs lye. With minds more dark then is the dark'ned Sky.*" Beaf, Brawn, and Pork are now in great requeft. And folid meats our ftomacks can digeft. This time w^arm cloaths, full diet, and good fires. Our pinched flefti, and hungry mawes" requires.' Old, cold, dry Age and Earth Autumn refembles. And Melancholy which moft of all diflembles. I mull be fhort, and fhorts, the fhort'ned day, What winter hath to tell, now let him fay. Winter. [67] /^~^OLD, moift, young flegmy winter now doth lye ^~^ In fwadling Clouts, like new born Infancy Bound up with frofts, and furr'd with hail & fnows, And like an Infant, ftill it" taller grows; * Groen-land [or Gronland, Dan.^ in the first edition. >« After this the first edition has, — This month is timber for all ufes fell'd, When cold, the fap to th' roots hath low'ft repell'd; " empty panch. o he. The Four Seafons. 179 December is my firft, and now the Sun To th' Southward Tropick, his fwift race doth^ run: This moneth he's hous'd in horned Capricorn, From thence he 'gins to length the fhortned morn, Through Chrijlendome with great Feaftivity, Now's held, (but gheft) for bleft^ Nativity. Cold frozen January next comes in, Chilling the blood and Ihrinking up the skin; In Aquarius now keeps the long wifhf Sun, And Northward his unwearied Courfe ' doth run ; The day much longer then it was before. The cold not leffened, but augmented more. Now Toes and Ears, and Fingers qften freeze, And Travellers their nofes fometimes leefe. Moift fnowie February is my laft, I care not how the winter time doth hafte. In Pifces now the golden Sun doth fhine. And Northward ftill approaches to the Line, The Rivers 'gin to ope, the fnows to melt, And fome warm glances from his face'' are felt; Which is increafed by the lengthen'd day, Until by's heat, he drive all cold away, And thus the year in Circle runneth round: [68] Where firft it did begin, in th' end its found." / hath. 9 a Gueft, (but bleft). r the lovea. ' race. ' the Sun. « These two lines are not in the first edition. i8o Anne BradJlreeV s Works. My Subje6ls bare, my Brain is bad, Or better Lines you Jhould have had : The firjl fell in fo nafrally, I knew not hotv to -pafs it by;"" The laji, though bad I could not mend, Accept therefore of tvhat is pen'd, And all the faults that you fhall fpy Shall at your feet for pardon cry* ■" I could not tell how to pafle 't bj. * This is signed in the first edition, Your dutifuU Daughter. A. B. M S M The four Monaixhyes^ [69] the AJJyrian being the firft, beginning under Nimrod, 131. Years after the Flood, WHen time was young, & World in Infancy, Man did not proudly"" ftrive for Soveraignty; But each one thought his petty Rule was high, If of his houfe he held the Monarchy. This was the golden Age, but after came The boifterous fon of Chus,'' Grand-Child to Ham, That mighty Hunter, who in his ftrong toyles Both Beafts and Men fubje6led to his fpoyles: The ftrong foundation of proud Babel laid, Erech, Accad, and Culneh alfo made. Thefe were his firft, all ftood in Shinar land, From thence he went Affyria to command. And mighty Niniveh, he there begun, Not finiftied till he his race had run. tf " Proudly " is not in the first edition. •» Sons of Cufli. 1 82 Anne Bradji reefs Works. Re/en, Caleh, and Rehoboth likewife By him to Cities eminent did rife. Of Saturn, he was the Original, [70] Whom the fucceeding times a God did call, When thus with rule, he had been dignifi'd, One hundred fourteen years he after dy'd. *^--S<5*j4f*^j-S-^» Belus. f~^ REAT Nifnrod dead, Belus the next his Son ^-^ Confirms the rule, his Father had begun; Whofe adls and power is not for certainty Left to the world, by any Hiftory. But yet this blot for ever on him lies. He taught the people firft to Idolize: Titles Divine he to himfelf did take, Alive and dead, a God they did him make. This is that Bel the Chaldees worfhiped, Whofe Priefts in Stories oft are mentioned; This is that Baal to whom the Ifraelites So oft profanely offered facred Rites : This is Beelzebub God of Ekronites, Likewife Baalpeor of the Mohabites, His reign was fhort, for as I calculate. At twenty five ended his Regal date. The Four Monarchies. 183 Ninus. TTIS Father dead, Ninus begins his reign, -*■ Transfers his feat to the Affyrian plain; And mighty Nineveh more mighty made, Whofe Foundation was by his Grand-fire laid: Four hundred forty Furlongs wall'd about, On which flood fifteen hundred Towers ftout. The walls one hundred fixty foot upright, [71] So broad three Chariots run abreft there might. Upon the pleafant banks of Tygris floud This (lately Seat of warlike Ninus Hood: This Ninus for a God his Father canonized. To whom the fottifh people facrificed. This Tyrant did his Neighbours all opprefs, Where e're he warr'd he had too good fuccefs. Barzanes the great Armenian King By force and fraud did under Tribute bring.-^ The Median Country he did alfo gain. Thermits' their King he caufed to be flain; An Army of three millions he led out Againft the Ba£irians (but that I doubt) Zoreajler their King he likewife flew. And all the greater AJia did fubdue. Semiramis from Menon did he take Then drown'd himfelf, did Menon for her fake. Fifty two years he reign'd, (as we are told) The world then was two thoufand nineteen old. V By force, his tributary, he did bring. ' Phaniius. 184 Anne BradJii'eeVs Works. Semiramis. 'TpHIS great opprefEng Ninus, dead and gone, -*- His wife Semiramis ufurp'd the Throne; She like a brave Virago played the Rex • And was both fhame and glory of her Sex: Her birth place was Philiftines A/colan," Her mother Dorceta^ a Curtizan. Others report fhe was a veftal IVun, Adjudged to be drown'd for th' crime "^ fhe'd done. Tranfform'd into a Fifh by Venus will, [72] Her beauteous face, (they feign) reteining ftill. Sure from this Ficftion Dagon firft began, Changing the'' womans face into a man: But all agree that from no lawfull bed, This great renowned Emprefs iffued: For which fhe was obfcurely nourifhed. Whence rofe that Fable, fhe by birds was fed. This gallant Dame unto the Ba6iria?i warre. Accompanying her husband Menon farr, Taking a town, fuch valour fhe did fhow, That Ninus amorous of her foon did grow. And thought her lit to make a Monarchs wife, Which was the caufe poor Menon loft his life; She flourifhing with Ninus long did reign. Till her Ambition caus'd him to be flain. « Philijlrius A/culoif. >> Docreta. <: tor what. d his. The Four Monarchies. i8c; That having no Compeer, fhe might rule all, Or elfe ftie fought revenge for Menoii's fall. Some think the Greeks this llander on her call, As on her life Licentious, and unchaft. That undeferv'd, they blur'd her name and fame"" By^ their afperfions, caft upon the fame: But were her virtues more or lefs, or none, She for her potency muft go alone. Her wealth fhe fhew'd in building Babylon, Admir'd of all, but equaliz'd of none; The Walls fo flrong, and curioufly was-^ wrought, That after Ages, Skill by them was-^ taught: With Towers and Bulwarks made of coftly ftone. Quadrangle was the form it flood upon. Each Square was fifteen thoufand paces long, [73] An hundred gates it had of mettal ftrong: Three hundred lixty foot the walls in height, Almoft incredible, they were in breadth Some'' writers fay, fix Chariots might affront With great facility, march fafe upon't: About the Wall a ditch fo deep and wide, That like a River long it did abide. Three hundred thoufand men here da)' by day Befl;ow'd their labour, and receiv'd their pay. And that which did all cofl; and Art excell, The wondrous Temple was, fl:ie rear'd to Bell : ' And that her worth, deferved no fuch blame. / As. s: were. ''■ Moft. -4 i86 Anne Brad/} reefs Works. Which in the midft of this brave Town was plac'd. Continuing till Xerxes it defac'd: Whofe ftately top above ' the Clouds did rife, From whence Aftrologers oft view'd the Skies. This to defcribe in each particular, A ftru6lure rare I fhould but rudely marre. Her Gardens, Bridges, Arches, mounts and fpires All eyes that faw, or Ears that hear admires, In Shinar plain on the Etifhratian flood This wonder of the world, this Babel flood. An expedition to the Eajl fhe made Statirobates, his Country to invade:^ Her Army of four millions did conlift, Each may believe it as his fancy lift. Her Camels, Chariots, Gallyes in fuch number. As puzzles beft Hiftorians to remember; But this is wonderful,* of all thofe men. They fay, but twenty e're came back agen. The River yiidas' fwept them half away, [74] The reft Staurobates in fight did flay; This was laft progrefs of this mighty Queen, Who in her Country never more was feen. The Poets feign'd her turn'd into a Dove, Leaving the world to Venus foar'd above : Which made the Ajfyrians many a day, A Dove within their Enfigns to difplay: Forty two years fhe reign'd, and then fhe di'd But by what means we are not certifi'd. ' beyond. / Great King Staurobates, for to invade. >• marvelou.-. I Indus. The Four Monarchies. li^; Ninias or Z amies. T TIS Mother dead, Xinias obtains his right. A Prince wedded to eafe and to delight, Or elfe was his obedience very great, To lit thus long (obfcure) rob'd ' of his Seat. Some write his Mother put his habit on, Which made the people think they ferv'd her Son. But much it is, in more then forty years This fraud in war nor peace at all appears: More like it is his luft'" with pleafures fed. He fought no rule till fhe was gone and dead. What then he did of worth can no man tell, But is fuppof'd to be that Amraphel Who warr'd with Sodoms and Gomorrah s King, 'Gainft whom his trained bands Abram did bring. But this is farre unlike, he being Son " Unto a Father, that all Countryes won I wrong'd. m being. « Instead of this and the nine lines following, the first edition has. Some maj object, his Parents ruling all, How he thus fuddenly fhould be thus fmall.' This anfwer maj fufBce, whom it wil pleafe. He thus voluptuous, and given to eafe; Each wronged Prince, or childe that did remain. Would now advantage take, their own to gain ; So Province, after Province, rent away. Until that Potent Empire did decay. Again, the Country was left bare (there is no doubt) Of men, and wealth, his mother carried out; AVhich to her neighbors, when it was made known, Did then incite, them to regain their own. 1 88 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. So iuddenly Ihould loole fo great a ftate, With petty Kings to joyne Confederate. Norcanthofe Reafons which wife Raileih* finds, [75] Well fatisfie the moft confiderate minds: We may with learned VJlier'^ better fay, He many Ages liv'd after that day. And that Semiraniis then flourifhed When famous Troy was fo beleaguered: What e're he was, or" did, or how it fell. We may fuggeft our thoughts but cannot tell. For Ninias and all his race are left In deep oblivion, of a6ts bereft: And many^ hundred years in filence fit. Save a few Names a new Bero/us\ writ. And fuch as care not what befalls their fames, May feign as manj^ a6ts as he did Names; It may fuffice,'' if all be true that's paft. T' Sardanapalas next, -we. will make hafte. * See Introduction. " they. i* eleav'n. g It is enough. t See Raleigh's " Hiftory of the World," Bk. I. ch. 8, sec. s, and Bk. II. ch. 1, sec. 1. "The work entitled Be7'oJi Antiquitatum libri quinque cum Commentariis Joaimis Annii, which appeared at Rome in 1498, fol., and was afterwards often reprinted and even translated into Italian, is one of the many fabrications of Giovanni Nanni, a Dominican monk of Viterbo, better known under the name of Annius of Viterbo, who died in 1502." — Smith's " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology." The writings of the real Berosus exist only in a fragmentary condition, as quoted by Josephus and other authors. See page [182.] The Four Monarchies. 189 Sardanaf>alas O ARDANAPALAS, Son to Ocrazapes, ^--^ Who wallowed in all voluptuoufnefs, That palliardizing fot that out of dores, Ne're Ihew'd his face but revell'd with his whores Did wear their garbs, their geftures imitate, And in their kind, t excel did emulate. His bafenefs knowing, and the peoples hate Kept clofe, fearing his well deferved fate ; *" It chanc'd^ Arbaces brave unwarily, His Mafter like a Strumpet clad did'' fpye. His manly heart difdained (in the leaft) Longer to ferve this Metamorphos'd Beaft; Unto Belofus then he brake his mind, [76] Who lick of his difeafe, he foon did find Thefe two, rul'd Media and Babilon Both for their King, held their Dominion; Belofus promifed Arbaces aid, Arbaces him fully to be repayd. The laft: The Medes and Perjians do invite Againft their monftrous King, to ufe " their might. Belofus, the Chaldeans doth require And the Arabians, to further his defire: >• Kept ever dole, fearing fome difmal I'ule. s At laft. ' cUanc'd to. " bring. 190 Anne Bradjireet'' s Works. Thefe all agree, and forty thoufand make The Rule, from their unworthy Prince to take:" Thefe Forces muftered. and in array Sardanapalus leaves his Apifh play. And though of wars, he did abhor the fight; Fear of his diadem did force him fight: And either by his valour, or his fate, Arbaces Courage he did fo™ abate; That in difpair, he left the Field and fled, But with frefh hopes Belofus fuccoured, From Baflria, an Army was at hand Prefl for this Service by the Kings Command; Thefe with celerity Arbaces meet,-^ And with all Terms of amity them greet.-^ With " promifes their necks now to unyoke, And their Taxations fore all to revoke ; T' infranchife them, to grant what they could crave, No priviledge to want. Subjects fhould have, Only intreats them, to joyn their Force with his, And win the Crown, which was the way to blifs. Won by his loving looks, more by his" fpeech, [77] T' accept of what they could, they alP befeech: Both fides their hearts their hands, & bands unite. And fet upon their Princes Camp that night; v After this the first edition has, — Bj prophefie, Belofus ftrength's their hands, Arbaces muft be mafter of their lands. "' fore. -' meets. r he greets. Makes. " more lovine. I' liim. \M The Foiir Monarchies. 191 Who revelling in Cups, fung care away, For viftory obtain'd the other day: And now^ furprif'd, by this unlookt for fright, Bereft of wits, were flaughtered down right. The King his brother leavs, all to fuftain. And fpeeds himfelf to Niniveh amain. But Sahneneus flain, the Army falls ; The King's purfu'd unto the City Walls, But he once in, purfuers came to late. The Walls and Gates their haft"^ did terminate. There with all ftore he was fo well provided: That what Arbaces did, was but derided.* Who there incamp'd, two years for little end, But in the third, the River prov'd his friend, For by the rain, was Tygris fo o'reflown. Part of that ftately Wall was overthi-own.' Arbaces marches in the Town he takes. For few or none (it feems)-^refiftance makes: And now they faw fulfil'd a Prophefy, That when the River prov'd their Enemy, Their flrong wal'd Town fhould fuddenly be taken By this accomplifhment, their hearts were fhaken. Sardanapalas did not feek to fly. This his inevitable deftiny; But all his wealth and friends together gets, Then on himfelf, and them a fire he fets. "- But all. d- courfe. r Which throuEfh much rain, then fwelling up fo high, Part of the wal it level cauf'd to lye. f did there. 192 Anne Bradji reefs Works. This was lafl Monarch of great Ninus race [78] That for twelve hundred years had held the place ; Twenty he reign'd fame time, as Stories tell, That Aniaziah was King of I/rael. His Father was then King (as we fuppofe) When yonah for their fins denounc'd thofe woes. He did repent, the threatning-^ was not done, But now accomplifh'd in his wicked Son.'' Arbaces thus of all becoming Lord, Ingenioufly with all did keep his word. Of Babylon Belofus he made King, With overplus of all the wealth ' therein. To BaSlrians he gave their liberty, Of Ninivites he caufed none to dye. But fuffer'd with their goods, to go elfe where. Not granting them now^ to inhabit there: For he demolifhed that City great. And unto Media transfer'd his Seat. Such was his promife which he firmly made. To Medes and Perjians when he crav'd their aid : * A while he and his race afide muft ftand, Not pertinent to what we have in hand ; And Belochus in's progeny purfue. Who did this Monarchy begin anew. g therefore it. '^ But was accomplifhed now, in his Son. i treafures. / Yet would not let them. ^ Thus was the promife bound, fince firit he crav'd, Of Medes, and Perjians, their affifting aide: The Four Alonarchies. 193 Belofus or Belochtts. TIJELOSUS fetled in his new old Seat, ^-^ Not fo content but aiming to be great, Incroaching ftill upon the bordering lands, Till Mefopotamia he got in's hands. And either by compound or elfe by ftrength, [79] AJjfyria he gain'd alfo at length; Then did rebuild, deftroyed Nineveh, A coftly work which none could do but he. Who own'd the Treafures of proud Babylon, And thofe that feem'd with SnrdanapaV s gone; For though his Palace did in afhes lye. The fire thofe Mettals could not damnific; From^thefe with diligence he rakes, Arbaces fuffers all, and all he takes, He thus inricht by this new tryed gold. Raifes a Phsenix new, from gi-ave o'th' old; And from this heap did after Ages fee As fair a Town, as the firft Niniveh. When this was built, and matters all in peace Molefi;s poor Ifrael, his wealth t' increafe. A thoufand Talents of Menahem had, (Who to be rid of fuch a guefl was glad;) In facrid writ he's known by name of Pul, Which makes the world of difference fo full. I From rubbift. 194 Anne BradJireeVs Works. That he and Belochus could not one be, But Circumftance doth prove the verity; And times of both computed fo fall out, That thefe two made but one, we need not doubt: What elfe he did, his Empire to advance, To reft content we muft, in ignorance. Forty eight years he reign'd, his race then run. He left his new got Kingdome to his Son. — S!5-W9fee5~¥. Tiglath Pulafsar. [80] T^ELOSUS dead, Tiglath his warlike Son, -'-^ Next treads thofe fteps, by which his Father won ; Damafcus ancient Seat, of famous Kings Under fubjeftion, by his Sword he brings. Rejin their valiant King he alfo flew, And Syria t' obedience did fubdue. yudas bad King occafioned this war. When Rejins force his Borders fore did marre. And divers Cities by ftrong hand did feaze: To Tiglath then, doth Ahaz fend for eafe. The Temple robs, fo to fulfil his ends, And to Affyriah King a prefent fends. I am thy Servant and thy Son, (quoth he) From ReJin, and from Pekah fet me free, The Four Monarchies. 195 Gladly doth Tig-lath this advantage take, And fuccours Ahaz, yet for TiglatKs fake. Then Rejin flain, his Army overthrown, He Syria makes a Province of his OM^n. Unto Damafcus then comes yudah^s King, His humble thankfulnefs (in hafte) to bring, Acknowledging th' Affyrians high defert, To whom he ought all loyalty of heart. But Tiglath having gain'd his wifhed end. Proves unto Ahaz but a feigned friend ; All Ifraels lands beyond yordan he takes. In Galilee he woful havock makes. Through Syria now he march'd none ftopt his way. And Ahaz open at his mercy lay; Who ftill implor'd his love, but was diftreft; [81 J This was that Ahaz, who fo high"" tranf greft: * Thus Tiglath reign'd, & warr'd twenty feven years Then by his death releas'd was Ifraels fears. Salmanajfar or Nabanaffar. TIGLATH deceas'd, Salmanajfar was next, He Ifraelites, more then his Father vext; Hojhea their lall King he did invade, And him fix years his Tributary made; »' much. * 2 Chron. xxviii. 22. 196 Anne Bradji reefs Works. But weary of his fervitude, he fought To Egypts King, which did avail him nought; For Salmanaffar with a mighty Hoft, Befieg'd his Regal Town, and fpoyl'd his Coafl, And did the people, nobles, and their King, Into perpetual thraldome that time bring; Thofe that from Jofhuah's time had been a ftate," Did Juftice now by him eradicate: \\o years. This was that ftrange, degenerated brood, On w^hom, nor threats, nor mercies could do good; Laden with honour, prifoners, and with fpoyle. Returns triumphant Viftor to his foyle; He placed Ifrael there," where he thought beft. Then fent his Colonies, theirs to inveft; Thus Jacobs Sons in Exile muft remain, And pleafant Canaan never faw again: Where now thofe ten Tribes are, can no man tell, Or how they fare, rich, poor, or ill, or well; Whether the Indians of the Eaft, or Weft, Or wild Tartarians, as yet ne're bleft. Or elfe thofe Chinoes rare, whofe wealth & arts [82] Hath bred more wonder then belief in hearts: But what, or where they are ; yet know we this, They fhall return, and Zion fee with blifs. « been Eftate. o piac'd Ifrael in's Land, The Four Monarchies. 197 Senacherib. O ENACHERIB Salmanaffer fucceeds, ^^ Whole haughty heart is fho wne in words ^ & deeds His wars, none better then himfelf can boaft, On Henah, Arpad, and on Juahs coaft; On Hevahs and on Shepharvaims gods, '' 'Twixt them and Ifraels he knew no odds, * [7 years. Untill the thundring hand of heaven he felt. Which made his Army into nothing melt: With fhame then turn'd to Ninive again, And by his fons in's Idols houfe was flain. Effarhadon. T TIS Son, weak Effarhaddon reign'd in's place, -■- -'- The fifth, and laft of great Bellofus race. Brave Merodach, the Son of Baladan, In Babylon Lieftenant to this man Of opportunity advantage takes, And on his Matters mines his houfe makes. As Belofus his Soveraign' did onthrone. So he's now ilil'd the King of Babilon. After twelve years did Effarhaddon dye, And Merodach alTume the Monarchy. p works. 1 /»«// leaft ; r firfl:. his. On Helta's, and on Sepliaraaim's gods, * In the first edition. 198 Anne BradJireeVs Works. Merodach Balladan. [83] A LL yield to him, but Niniveh kept free, ■^ ^ Untill his Grand-child made her bow the knee. AmbafTadors to Hezekiah fent, * [21 years. His health congratulates with complement. Ben Merodach. "DEN MERODACH Succeflbr to this King, ^—^ Of whom is little faid in any thing, * \2,2 years. But by conjefture this, and none but he Led King Manaffeh to Captivity. Nebula//ar. "T) RAVE Nebulajfar to this King was fon, ^~^ The famous-' Niniveh by him was won. For fifty years, or more, it had been free. Now yields her neck unto captivity: *\i2 years. ' ancient. * In the first edition. The Four Monarchies. 199 A Vice-Roy from her foe flie's glad to accept, By whom in firm obedience fhe is kept. This King's lefs fam'd for all the afts he's done, Then being Father to fo great a Son/ Nebuchadnezzar, or Nebopolaffar. '' I ^HE famous a6ls " of this heroick King ■*- Did neither Homer, Hejiod, Virgil ^vs\^: Nor of his Wars " have we the certainty From fome Thucidides grave hiftory; Nor's Metamorphofis from Ovids book, Nor his reftoriag from old Legends took: But by the Prophets, Pen-men moft divine, [84J This prince in's magnitude doth ever fhine: This was of Monarchyes that head of gold. The richeft and the dread fuUeft to behold: This was that tree whofe branches fill'd the earth, Under whofe fhadow birds and beafts had birth: This was that king of kings, did what he pleas'd, Kil'd, fav'd, pul'd down, fet up, or pain'd or eas'd; And this was he, who when he fear'd the leaft Was changed '^ from a King into a beaft.* t These two lines are not in the first edition. « Wars. '" afts. '^ turned. * Dan. ii. 32, 37, 3S ; iv. 10-12, 33. 200 Anne BradJlreeVs Works. This Prince the laft year of his fathers reign Againft yehojakim marcht with'his train, Judahs poor King belieg'd and fuccourlefs Yields to his mercy, and the prefent 'ftrefs; His Vaflal is, gives pledges for his truth. Children of royal blood, unblemifh'd youth: Wife Daniel and his fellowes, mongft the reft, By the viftorious king to BabePs preft: The Temple of rich ornaments defac'd. And in his Idols houfe the velfels" plac'd. The next year he with unrefifted hand Quite vanquifh d Pharaoh Necho with his band ; By great Euphrates did his army fall. Which was the lofs of Syria withall. Then into Egypt Necho did retire. Which in few years proves the Ajjirians hire. A mighty army next he doth prepare, And unto wealthy Tyre in haft repair. Such was the fcituation of this place. As might not him, but all the world out-face, That in her pride fhe knew not which to boaft [85] Whether her wealth, or yet her ftrength was moft How in all merchandize ftie did excel, None but the true Ezekiel need to tell. And for her ftrength, how hard ftie was to gain, Can Babels tired fouldiers tell with pain. Within an Ifland had this city feat. Divided from the Main bv channel grreat: ^ Vaffal's. The Four Monarchies. 201 Of coftly fhips and Gallyes flie had ftore, And Manners to handle fail and oar: But the Chaldeans had nor fhips nor skill, Their Ihoulders muft their Mailers mind fulfill, Fetcht rubbifh from the oppofite old town, And in the channel threw each burden down; Where after many effayes, they made at laft The fea firm land, whereon the Army paft, And took the wealthy town; but all the gain, Requited not the lofs,^ the toyle and pain. Full thirteen years in this ftrange work he fpent Before he could accomplifh his intent: And though a Viftor home his Army leads, With peeled fhoulders, and with balded heads.* When in the Tyrian war this King was hot, yeJwJakim his oath had clean forgot. Thinks this the fitteft time to break his bands Whileft Babels King thus deep engaged ftands: But he whofe fortunes all were in the ebbe,^ Had all his hopes like to a fpiders web; For this great King withdraws part of his force, To Judah marches with a fpeedy courfe. And unexpedled finds the feeble Prince [86] Whom he chaftis'd thus for his proud offence, Faft bound, intends to Babel him to fend,"' But chang'd his mind, & caus'd his life there end,* y coft. 2 But he (alas) whofe fortunes now i' the ebbe. a intends at Babel he fhal ftaj. t and flew him by the way. * Ezek. xxix. i8. 26 202 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Then caft him out like to a naked Afs, For this is he for whom none faid alas.* His fon he fuffered three months to reign, Then from his throne he pluck'd^ him down again, Whom with his mother he to Babel led, And feven and '^ thirty years in prifon fed ; His Uncle he eftablifh'd in his place (Who was laft King of holy Davids race) But he as perjur'd as yehojakim^ They loft more now^ then e're they loft by him. Seven years he kept his faith, and fafe he dwells; But in the eighth againft his Prince rebels : The ninth came Nebuchadnezzar with power, Befieg'd his city, temple, Zions tow^er. And after eighteen months he took them all: The Walls fo ftrong, that ftood fo long, now fall. The curfed King by flight could no -wife fly-^ His well deferv'd and foretold mifery: But being caught to Babels wrathfull King With children, wives and Nobles all they bring. Where to the fword all but himfelf were put, And with that wofull light his eyes clofe fhut. Ah! haplefs man, whofe darkfome contemplation Was nothing but fuch gaftly meditation. In midft of Babel now till death he lyes; Yet as was told ne're faw it with his eyes. <= pull'd. d And more then. ' ludah loft more. / free. * Jer. xxii. i8, 19. The Four Monarchies. 203 The Temple's burnt, the veffels had away. [87] The towres and palaces brought to decay: Where late of harp and Lute were heard the noife Now Zim & Jim^ lift up their fcrieching^ voice. All now of worth are Captive led with tears, And fit bewailing Zion feventy years. With all thefe conquefts, Babels King refts not, No not when Moab, Edom he had got, Kedar and Hazar, the Arabians too, All Vaflals at his hands for Grace muft fue. A total conqueft of rich Egypt makes, All rule he from the ancient Phraohes takes. Who had for fixteen hundred years born fway, To Babilons proud King now yields the day. Then Put and Lud'\ do at his mere}' ftand. Where e're he goes, he conquers every land. * These words are explained by the translation and marginal note of Isaiah xiii. 21, 22, in the Genevan Bible (London, 1599) : — "But/Zijm fliall lodge there, & their houfes flialbe full of Ohim : Oftriches fliall dwell there, and the Satyrs fliall dance there. "/} Which were either wild beafts, or foules, or wicked fpirits, whereby Satan deluded man, as by the fairies, goblins, and fuch like fantafies. "And lim fhall cry in their palaces, and dragons in their pleafant pal- aces : and the time thereof is ready to come, and the dayes thereof flial not be prolonged." Also in Jeremiah 1. 39 : " Therefore the Ziims with the lims fliall dwell there," "Ziim" means literally inhabitants of the desert, either men or beasts. The "lim" were probably jackals. In King James's version of the Bible the words are translated by "wild beasts of the desert" and "wild beasts of the islands." The first edition has " Sim " instead of " Jim." t Judith ii. 23. e fliriking. 204 Anne Bradji reefs Works. His fumptuous buildings paffes all conceit, Which wealth and ftrong ambition made fo great. His Image ytidahs Captives worfhip not, Although the Furnace be feven times more hot. His dreams wife Daniel doth expound full well, And his unhappy chang with grief foretell. Strange melancholy humours on him lay, Which for feven years his reafon took away, Which from no natural caufes did proceed. But for his pride, fo had the heavens decreed.-^ The time expir'd, bruitifh remains'* no more, But Goverment refumes as heretofore : In fplendor, and iu Majefty he fits. Contemplating thofe times he loft his witts. And if by words we may ghefs at the heart, [88] This king among the righteous had a part: Fourty four years he reign'd, which being run. He left his wealth and conquefts to his fon. Evihnerodach T) ABEL'S great Monarch now laid in the duft, ^—' His fon poffeffes wealth and rule as jufl: And in the firft year of his Royalty Eafeth Jehojakiins Captivitv: g For by the Heavens above it was decreed. h remains a Beaft. The Four Monarchies. 205 Poor forlorn Prince, who had all ftate forgot In feven and thirty years had feen no jot. Among the conquer'd Kings that there did ly Is Judah's King now lifted up on high: But yet in Babel he muft ftill remain, And native Canaan never fee again: Unlike his Father JEvilmerodach, Prudence and magnanimity did lack; Fair Eg-ypt is by his remifnefs loft, Arabia, and all the bordering coaft. Warrs with the Medes unhappily he wag'd (Within which broyles rich Crcefus was ingag'd) His Army routed, and himfelf there flain; His Kingdome to Beljhazzar did remain. Beljhazzar. T TNWORTHY Beljhazzar next wears the crown, ^-^ Whofe a6ls profane a facred Pen fets down, His luft and crueltyes in ftoryes ' find, A royal State rul d by a bruitifh mind. His life fo bafe, and diflblute invites [89 J The noble Perjian to invade his rights. Who with his own, and Uncles power anon, Layes fiedge to's Regal Seat, proud Babylon, i cruelty, in books we. 2o6 Anne B radJlreeV s Works. The coward King, whofe ftrength lay in his walls, To banquetting and revelling now falls, To fhew his little dread, but greater ftore, To chear his friends, and fcorn his foes the more. The holy veffels thither brought long fince. They carrows'd in, and facrilegious prince Did praife his Gods of mettal, wood, and ftone, Proteftors of his Crown, and Babylon, But he above, his doings did deride, And with a hand foon dafhed all this pride. The King upon the wall cafting his eye. The fingers of a ' hand writing did fpy. Which horrid fight, he fears muft needs portend Deftru6tion to his Crown, to's Perfon end. With quaking knees, and heart appall'd he cries. For the Soothfayers, and Magicians wife; This language ftrange to read, 'and to unfold; With gifts of Scarlet robe, and Chain of gold. And higheft dignity, next to the King, To him that could interpret, clear this thing: But dumb the gazing Afbrologers ftand. Amazed at the writing, and the hand. None anfwers the affrighted Kings intent. Who ftill expefts fome fearful fad event; As dead, alive^ he fits, as one* undone: In comes the Queen, to chear her heartlefs Son. Of Daniel tells, who in his grand-fires dayes [90] Was held in more account '^ then now he was. i his. J As thus amort. k all. / requeft. The Pour Monarchies. 207 Daniel in hafte is brought before the King, Who doth not flatter, nor once cloak the thing; Reminds him of his Grand-Sires height and fall. And of his own notorious fins withall: His Drunkennefs, and his profanefs high, His pride and fottifh grofs Idolatry. The guilty King ^vith colour pale and dead Then hears his Mene and his Tekel read.* And one thing did worthy a King (though late) Perform'd his word to him that told his fate. That night viftorious Cyrus took the town, Who foon did terminate his life and crown; With him did end the race of Baladan: And now the Perjian Monarchy began. " Dan. V. 25-28. The End of the Affyrian Monarchy. The Second Monarchy^ [91 J being the Perjian^ began under Cyrus, Darius being his Uncle and Father-in-law reigned with him about two years. ^~^Trus Cambyfes Son of Perjia King, ^-^ Whom Lady Mandana did to him bring, She daughter unto great Ajiiages, He in defcent the feventh from Arbaces. Cambyfes was of Achemenes race. Who had in Perjia the Lieftenants place When Sardana^alus was overthrown, And from that time had held it as his own. Cyrus, Darius Daughter took to wife, And fo unites two Kingdomes without ftrife. Darius unto Mandana was brother, Adopts her fon for his, having no other. This is of Cyrus the true pedegree, Whofe Anceftors were royal in degree: The Four AToti archies. 209 His Mothers dream, and Grand-Sires cruelt}^, His prefervation, in his mifery, His nourifhment afforded by a Bitch, Are fit for fuch, whofe ears for Fables itch. He in his younger dayes an Army led, [92J Againft great Creffus then of Lidia head; Who over-curious of wars event, For information to Afollo went: And the ambiguous Oracle did truft. So overthroAvn by Cyrus, as was juft; Who him puafues to Sardis, takes the Town, Where all that dare "' refift are flaughter'd down ; Difguifed Creffus hop'd to fcape i'th' throng. Who had no might to fave himfelf from wrong; But as he paft, his Son who was born dumb, With preffing grief and forrow overcome : Among the tumult, bloud-fhed, and the ftrife. Brake his long filence, cr3''d, fpare Creffus life; Creffus thus known, it was great Cyrus doom, (A hard decree) to afhes he confume; Then on a wood-pile " fet, where all might eye, He Solon, Solon, Solon, thrice did cry. The Reafon of thofe words Cyrus demands. Who Solon was? to whom he lifts his hands; Then to the King he makes this true report, That Solon fometimes at his ftately Court, His Treafures, pleafures, pomp and power dfd fee. And viewing all, at all nought mov'd was he : '« doe " Pike being. 2IO A)i>ie Bi-adjl reefs Works. That Creffus angry, urg'd him to exprefs, If ever King equal'd his happinefs. (Quoth he) that man for happy we commend, Whofe happy Hfe attains an happy end." Cyrus with pitty mov'd, knowing Kings ftand, Now up and down, as fortune turns her hand. Weighing the Age, and greatnefs of the Prince, [93] (His Mothers Uncle) ftories do evince: Gave him his life, and took him for a friend. Did to him ftill his chief defigns commend.'^ Next war the reftlefs Cyrus thought upon. Was conqueft of the ftately Badilon, Now treble wall'd, and moated fo about. That all the world they need not^ fear nor doubt; To drain this ditch, he many Sluces cut. But till convenient time their heads kept fhut; That night Beljhazzar feafted all his rout. He cut thofe banks, and let the River out. And to the walls fecurely marches on. Not finding a defendant thereupon; Enters the Town, the fottifh King he flayes. Upon Earths richeft fpoyles his Souldiers preys; Here twenty years provifion good '' he found. Forty five miles this City fcarce could round; " Instead of this and the nine preceding lines, the first edition has, — Upon demand, his minde to Cyrus broke. And told, how Solon in his hight had fpoke. /> Gave him at once, his life, and Kingdom too. And with the Lidians, had no more to doe. 7 they neither. r " good " not in the first edition. The Four Monarchies. 211 This head of Kingdomes Chaldees excellence, For Owles and Satyres made a refidence; * Yet wondrous monuments this ftately Queen, A thoufand years had after to be feen/ Cyrus doth now the Jewifh Captives free, An Edi6l made, the Temple builded be, He with his Uncle Daniel fets on high. And caus'd his foes in Lions Den to dye. Long after this he 'gainft the Scythians goes, And Tomris Son and '' Army overthrows ; Which to revenge fhe hires a mighty power, And fets on Cyrus, in a fatal hour; There routs his Hoft, himfelf fhe prifoner takes, [94] And at one blow (worlds head) fhe headlefs makes The which fhe bath'd," within a But of bloud, Ulingjfuch taunting words, as fhe thought good. But Xeno-phon reports he di'd in's bed. In honour, peace, and wealth, with a grey head; And in his Town of Paffagardes'" lyes, Where fome long after fought in vain for prize,™ But in his "^ Tombe, was only to be found Two Scythian boys,^ a Sword and Target round." And Alexander coming to the fame. With honours great, did celebrate his fame. " * Is. xiii. 21. ^ Had after thoufand yeares faire to be feen. /an ^ bak'd » Pafargada, m "Where Alexander ionght, in hope of prize. -^ this y bowes. ~ Instead of this and the preceding line, the first edition has, — Where that proud Conquereur could doe no lelTe, Then at his Herfe great honours to exprefle ; 2 12 A/i/ie B radji reef s Works. Three daughters and two Sons he left behind, Innobled more by birth, then by their mind;" Thirty two years in all this Prince did reign. But eight whilft Babylon, he did retain: And though his conquefts made the earth to groan, Now quiet lyes under one marble ftone. And with an Epitaph, himfelf did make, To fhew how little Land he then fhould take. Cambyfes. /^AMBYSES no wayes like his noble Sire, ^"^ Yet to inlarge his State had fome defire, His reign with bloud and Inceft firft begins. Then fends to find a LaAv, for thefe his fins; That Kings with Sifters match, no Law they find. But that the Pe-i^Jian King may a6l his mind : * He wages "war the fifth year of his reign, 'Gainfl Egypts King, who there by him was flain. And all of Royal Bloud, that came to hand, [95J He feized firft of Life, and then of Land, « Instetid of the six lines following this, the first edition has, — Some thirty' years this potent Prince did reign, Unto Cambyfes then, all did remain. * Alter this the first edition has, — Which Law includes all Lawes, thovigh lawlefle ftil. And makes it lawful Law, if he but wil ; The Four Monarchies. 213 (But little Nartis" fcap'd.that cruel fate, Who grown a man, refum'd again his State.) He next to Cyprus fends his bloudy Hoft, Who landing foon upon that fruitful Coaft, Made Evelthon their King with bended knee, To hold his own, of his free Courtefie. Their Temple ^ he deftroys, not for his Zeal, For he would be profeft, God of their weal; Yea, in his pride, he ventured fo farre, To fpoyle the Temple of great Jupiter : But as they marched o're thofe defert fands, The fhormed duft o'rewhelm'd his daring bands; But fcorning thus, by Jove to be outbrav'd, A fecond Army he ' had almoft grav'd, But vain he found to fight with Elements, So left his facrilegious bold intents. The Egyptian Apis then he likewife flew. Laughing to fcorn, that fottifh Calvifh Crew; If all this^ heat had been for pious ^ end, Cambyfes to the Clouds we might commend. But he that 'fore the Gods himfelf prefers. Is more profane then grofs Idolaters;"^ c Marus. ^ The Temples. ' there. / his. g a good. * Instead of the four lines following this, the first edition has, — And though no gods, if he eteem them fome. And contemn them, woful is his doome. He after this, faw in a Vifion, His brother Smerdis fit upon his throne : He ftrait to rid himfelf of cauflefle fears, Complots the Princes death, in his green years. 2 14 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. He after this, upon fufpition vain, Unjuftly cauf'd his brother to be flain. Praxafpes into Perjia then is fent. To a6l in fecret, this his lewd intent: His Sifter (whom Inceftuoufly he wed,) Hearing her harmlefs brother thus was dead. His wofull death ' with tears did fo bemoan, [96] That by her husbands charge, fhe caught her own, She with her fruit at once were both undone Who would have born a Nephew and a fon. Oh hellefh husband, brother, uncle. Sire, Thy cruelty alP ages will * admire. This ftrange feverity he fometimes us'd '- Upon a Judge, for taking bribes "^ accus'd, Flay'd him alive, hung up his fluffed skin Over his feat, then plac'd his fon therein, To whom he gave this in remembrance, Like fault muft look for the like recompence. His cruelty was come unto that height. He fpar'd nor foe, nor friend, nor favourite." Who for no wrong, poore innocent muft dye, Prarafpes now muft aift this tragedy ; Who into Perfia with Commiffion fent, Accomplifhed this wicked Kings intent ; i fate. /will. i ftill. ' one time he us'd. f breach of Law. n Instead of this and the preceding line, the first edition has, — Praraffes, to Cambyfes favourite. Having one fon, in whom he did delight, His crviell Mafter, for all fervice done, Shot through the heart of his beloved fon : The Four Monarchies. 215 'T would be no pleafure/ but a tedious thing To tell the fafts of this moft bloody King, Feared of all, but lov'd of few or none. All wifht-^ his fhort reign paft before ^ 'twas done. At laft two of his Officers he hears Had fet one Smerdis up, of the fame years. And like in feature to his brother '^ dead. Ruling, as they thought befl' under this head. The people ignorant of what was done. Obedience yielded as to Cyrus fon.' Toucht with this news to Perjia he makes. But in the way his fword juft vengeance takes, Unflieathes, as he his horfe mounted on high, And -with a mortal thruft wounds him ith' thigh. Which ends before begun his home-bred" warr: So yields " to death, that dreadfull Conquerour. Grief for his brothers death he did exprefs, [97] And more, becaufe he died Iffuelefs. The male line of great Cyrus now had end, The Female to many Ages did extend. A Babylon in Egyft did he make, And Meroe built for his fair Sifters fake."* Eight years he reign'd, a fhort, yet too long time Cut off in's wickednefs in's ftrength and prime. And only for his fathers faithful! neffe, Who faid but what, the king bad him expreffe. pleafant. P thought. t long, till. '' the Smerdis. ■I good. ' This and the preceding line are not in the first edition. K the Perjian. ^ Yeelding. w And built fair Meroe, for his filters fake. 2i6 A /I lie JBrad/i reefs Works. The inter regnum betiveeti Cambyfes And Darius Hijiafpes. /^~^HILDLESS Cambyfes on the fudden dead, ^"^ (The Princes meet, to chufe one in his ftead, Of which the chief was ■* feven, call'd Satrapes, Who like to Kings, rul'd Kingdomes as they pleafe, Defcended all of Achenienes bloud, And Kinfmen in account to th' King they flood. And firfl thefe noble Magi 'gree upon, To thruft th' impofter Smerdis out of Throne: Then^ Forces inftantly they raife, and rout This King with his Confpirators fo ftout,^ But yet 'fore this was done much bloud was fhed, And two of thefe great Peers in Field "■ lay dead. Some write that forely hurt they fcap'd away. But fo, or no, fure 'tis they won the day. All things in peace, and Rebels throughly quell'd, A Confutation by thofe States was held. What form of government now to ere6l The old, or new, which beft, in what refpeft. The greater part declin'd a Monarchy [98] So late crufht by their Princes tyranny, -1 were. y Their. z After this, the first edition has, — Who little pleafure had, in his fhort reigne, And now with his accomplyces lye flaine. "» place. The Four Monarchies. 217 And thought the people would more happy be If govern'd by an Ariftocracj: But others thought (none of the dulleft brain) That better one then many tyrants reign. What Arguments they us'd, I know not well, Too politick, its like, for me to tell, But in conclufion they all agree, Out of the feven a Monarch chofen be. All envy to avoid, this was thought on Upon a green to meet by riling fun, And he whofe horfe before the reft fhould neigh, Of all the Peers fhould have precedency. They all attend on the appointed hour. Praying to fortune for a kingly power. Then mounting on their fnorting courfers proud, Darius lufty Stallion neigh'd full loud." The Nobles all alight, bow to their King, And joyfull acclamations fhrill they ring. A thoufand times, long live the King they cry, Let Tyranny with dead Cambifes dye: Then all * attend him to his royall room ; Thanks for all this to's crafty ftable-groom. "■ Instead of the four lines following this, the first edition has, — The Nobles all alight, their King to greet. And after Per/tan manner, kiffe his feet. His happy withes now doth no man fpare, But acclamations ecchoes in the aire ; A thoufand times, God fave the King, they cry. Let tyranny now with Cambyfes dye. i They then. 28 2i8 Aline Bradji reefs Works. Darius Hyjlafpes. "TAARIUS by election made a King, -^^^ His title to make ftrong, omits no thing: He two of Cyrtis daughters then doth wed, Two of his Neeces takes to Nuptial bed, By which he cuts their hopes for future time, [99] That by fuch fteps to Kingdomes often clime. And now a King by mariage, choice and blood : Three firings to's bow, the leaft of which is good; Yet firmly more, the peoples hearts to bind. Made wholfome, gentle laws w^hich pleas'd each mind. His courtefie and affability. Much gain'd the hearts of his nobility. ' Yet notwithftanding all he did fo well. The Babylonians 'gainft their prince rebell. An hoft he rais'd the city to reduce; But men '^ againft thofe walls were of no ufe." Then brave Zopirus for his mafters good. His manly face diffigures, fpares no blood : With his own hands cutts off his ears and nofe. And with a faithfuU fraud to th' town he goes, ^ His affability, and milde afpeft, Did win him 103'alty, and all refpeA; il ftrength. ' After this, the first edition has, — For twice ten months before the town he lay. And fear'd, he now with fcorn muft march away. The Four Mo7iarchies. 219 tells them how harfhly the proud king had dealt, That for their fakes his cruelty he felt, Defiring of the Prince to raife the fiege, This violence was done him by his Liege. This told, for entrance he flood not long; For they believ'd his nofe more then his tongue. With all the city's ftrength they him betruft. If he command, obey the greateft muft. When opportunity he faw was fit Delivers up the town, and all in it. To loofe a nofe, to win a town's no fhame. But who dares venture fuch a flake for th' game. Then thy difgrace, thine honour's manifold. Who doth deferve a flatue made of gold. Nor can Darius in his Monarchy, [1°°] Scarce find enough to thank thy loyalty:^ Yet o're thy glory we mufl caft this vail. Thy craft more then thy valour did prevail.^ Darius in the fecond of his reign An Edidl for the Jews publifh d again .• The Temple to rebuild, for that did reft Since Cyrus time, Cambifes did moleft. He like a King now grants a Charter large. Out of his own revennues bears the charge, / After this, the first edition has, — But yet thou haft fufficient recompence, In that thj fame Ihall found whilft men have fence ; e Thy fahhood, not thy valour did prevaile ; Thy wit was more then was thine honefty, Thou lov'dil thy Mailer more tlien verity. 220 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Gives Sacrifices, wheat, wine, oyle and fait. Threats punifhment to him that through default Shall let the work, or keep back any thing Of what is freely granted by the King: And on all Kings he poures out Execrations That ihall once "* dare to rafe thofe firm foundations They thus backt by the King, in fpight of foes Built on and profper'd till their houfe they' clofe. And in the fixth year of his friendly reign, Set up a Temple (though a lefs) again : Darius on the Scythians made a war, Entring that larg and barren Country far; A Bridge he made, which ferv'd for boat & barge O're IJier fair, with labour and with charge.-^ But in that defert; 'mongft his barbarous foes Sharp wants, not fwords, his valour did oppofe. His Army fought with hunger and with cold, Which to aflail his royal Camp was bold.* By thefe alone his hoft was pincht fo fore, He warr'd defenfive, not offenfive more. The Salvages did laugh at his diftrefs, [loij Their minds by Hiroglyphicks they exprefs, A Frog a Moufe, a bird, an arrow fent, The King will needs interpret their intent, Poffeflion of water, earth and air, But wife Gobrias reads not half fo fair.- ^ '' but. i walls did. / Over fair IJier, at a mighty charge. k Which two then to affaile, his Camp was bold. I larro. The Fotir Monarch ies. 221 (Quoth he) like frogs in water we muft dive, Or like to mice under the earth muft live, Or fly like birds in unknown wayes full quick, Or Scythian arrows in our fides muft ftick. The King feeing his men and victuals fpent, This fruitlefs war began late to repent, Return'd with little honour, and lefs gain. His enemies fcarce feen, then much lefs flain. He after this intends Greece to invade. But troubles in lefs AJia him ftaid. Which hufht, he ftraight fo orders his affairs. For Attaca an army he prepares; But as before, fo now with ill fuccefs Return'd with wondrous lofs, and honourlefs. Athens perceiving now their defperate ftate Arm'd all they could, which eleven thoufand made By brave Miltiades their chief being led : Darius multitudes before them fled. At Marathon this bloudy field was fought. Where Grecians prov'd themfelves right fouldiers ftout The Perjians to their gallies poft with fpeed Where an Athenian fhew'd a valiant deed, Purfues his flying foes then on the fand,"' He ftayes a lanching " gaily with his hand. Which foon cut off", inrag'd,* he with his left, [102] Renews his hold, and when of that bereft, m itrand. " landing. * " inrag'd " not in tlie first edition. 222 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. His whetted teeth he claps " in the firm wood, Ofl' flyes his head, down fhowres his frolick bloud, Go Perjians, carry home that angry piece, As the beft Trophe which ye won in Greece, Darius light, yet^ heavy home returns. And for revenge, his heart Hill reftlefs burnes, His Queen Atoffa Author of ^ this ftirr. For Grecian maids ('tis faid) to wait on her. She loft her aim, her Husband he loft more, His men his coyne, his honour, and his ftore; And the enfuing year ended his Life, (Tis thought) through grief of this fuccefslefs ftrife Thirty fix years this noble Prince did reign. Then to his fecond ' Son did all remain. ii-3>^<®^^^-^- Xerxes, ^ERXES. Darius, and Atofa's Son, -^ ^ Grand child to Cyrus, now fits on the Throne : (His eldeft brother put befide the place, Becaufe this was, firft born of Cyrus race.)* His ' Father not fo full of lenity. As was his'' Son of pride and cruelty; " fticks. /he. g caufed all. •" This and the preceding line are not in the first edition. " eldeit. s The. t is the. The Four Monarchies. 223 He with his Crown receives a double war, The Egyptians to reduce, and Greece to marr. The firfl begun, and finifh'd in fuch hafte. None write by whom, nor how, 'twas over paft. But for the laft, he made fuch preparation, As if to duft, he meant, to grinde that nation; Yet all his men, and Inftruments of flaughter, [103 J Produced but derilion and laughter, Sage Artabanus Counfel had he taken, And's Couzen young Mardonius forfaken. His Souldiers credit, wealth at home had ftaid, And Greece fuch wondrous triumphs ne'r had made. The firft dehorts " and layes before his eyes His Fathers ill fuccefs, in's enterprize, Againft the Scythians and Grecians too. What Infamy to's honour did accrew. Flatt'ring Mardonius on the other fide. With conqueft of all Europe^ feeds his pride: Vain Xerxes thinks his counfel hath moft wit, That his ambitious humour beft can fit; And by this choice unwarily pofts on. To prefent lofs, future fubverfioh. Although he hafted, yet four years was fpent In great provifions, for this great intent." His Army of all Nations was compounded. That the vaft '^ Perjian government furrounded. His Foot was feventeen hundred thoufand ftrong, Eight hundred thoufand horfe, to thefe belong K deports. » With certainty of Europe. ™ large. 2 24 Anne Bradjireefs Works. His Camels, hearts for carriage numberlefs, For Truths afham'd, how many to exprefs ; The charge of all, he feverally commended To Princes, of the Perjian bloud defcended: But the command of thefe commanders all, Unto Mardonius made their General ; ^ (He was the Son of the fore nam'd Gobrius, Who married the Sifter of Darius.) Such^ his land Forces were, then next a fleet, [104] Of two and twenty thoufand Gallies meet Man'd with Phenicians and Pamphylians Cipriots, Dorians and Cilicians, Lycians, Carians and lonians, Eolians and the Helefpontines. Befides the velTels for his tranfportation, Which to three thoufand came " (by beft relation) Brave Artemijia, Hallicarnajfus Queen * In perfon prefent' for his aid '^ was feen, Whofe Gall3'es all the reft in neatnefs pafs, Save the Zidonians, where Xerxes was : But hers fhe kept ftill feperate from the reft. For to command alone, ftie judg'd ' was beft. O noble Queen, thy valour I commend; But pitty 'twas thine aid thou-^ here didft lend. At Sardis in Lydia, all thefe do meet, Whether-^ rich Pythias comes Xerxes to greet, -" To Mardonius, Captain Generall. y Thefe. « Three thoufand (or more). i Arteme/ia, Halicarna's Queene, ' there, now. 'i help. ' thought. / that. ? Whither. The Four Monarchies. 225 Feafts all this multitude of his own charge, Then gives the King a king-like gift full '* large, Three thoufand talents of the pureft gold. Which might}' fum all wondred to behold ; Then humbly to the king he makes requeft, One of his five fons there might be releas'd, To be to's age a comfort and a ftay, The other four he freely gave away. The king calls for the )'Outh, who being brought. Cuts him in twain for whom his Sire befought. Then laid his parts on both fides of the way, 'TwiKt which his fouldiers marcht in good arra}'.' For his great love is this thy recompence? [^^Sj Is this to do like Xerxes or a Prince ? Thou fhame of kings, of men the deteftation, I Rhetorick want to pour out execration. Firfl thing he did that's worthy of recount,-' A Sea paflage cut behind Athos mount. Next o're the Hele/pont a bridge he made Of Boats together coupled, and there laid: But winds and waves thbfe iron bands did break; To crofs the fea fuch ftrength he found too weak, Then whips the fea, and with a mind moft vain He fetters cafts therein the fame to chain. ^ moft. i Instead of this and the preceding line, the first edition has, — O moft inhumain incivility ! Nay, more then monftrous barh'rous cruelty 1 / Xerxes did worthy recount, 29 226 Aniie BradJireeVs Works. The work-men put to death the bridge that made, Becaufe the}' wanted skill the fame to've ftaid/ Seven thoufand Gallyes chain'd by Tyrians skill, Firml}? at laft' accomplifhed his will. Seven dayes and nights, his hoft without leaft flay Was marching o're this new devifed wa}'.'" Then in Abidus plains muftring his forces. He gloryes in his fquadrons and his horfes. Long viewing them, thought it great happinefs. One king fo many fubje6ls fhould poffefs: But yet this fight from him " produced tears. That none of thofe could " live an hundred years. What after did enfue had he forefeen, Of fo long time his thoughts had never been. Of Arhibamts he again demands How of this enterprife his thoughts now ftands, His anfwer was, both fea and land he fear'd. Which ^vas not vain as after^ foon appear'd. But Xerxes refolute to TJirace goes firft, [io6] His Hoft all*' Liffus drinks, to quench their thirft; And for his Cattel, all Piffyrus Lake Was fcarce enough, for each a draught to take.' Then marching on to th' ftreight Thermopyle, The Spartan meets him brave Leoitade] ^ Instead of this and the fire preceding lines, the first edition has, — But winds, and Avaves, thefe couples foon diflever'd. Yet J^'erxe:i in his enterprile perfever'd ; ' length. »« this interrupting Baj. " this goodly fight. " thefe lliould. / as it. ? who. The F.oii,r Monarchies. 227 This 'twixt the mountains lyes (half Acre wide) That pleafant Theffaly from Greece divide Two dayes and nights, a fight they there maintain, Till twenty thoufand Perfians felK down flain; And all that Army then difmaid, had fled, But that a Fugitive difcovered. How fome^ might o're the mountains go about. And wound the backs of thofe brave ' warriors flout They thus behem^'d with multitude of Foes, Laid on more fiercely their deep mortal blows. None cries for quarter, nor yet feeks to run; But on their ground they die each Mothers Son. O noble Greeks, how now degenerate. Where is the valour of your ancient State .^ When as one thoufand could a" million daunt, Alas! it is Leonades you want. This fhameful victory coft Xerxes dear. Among the reft, two brothers he loft there; And as at Land, fo he at Sea was croft. Four hundred ftately Ships by ftorms was loft; Of Veffels fmall almoft innumerable. The Harbours to contain them was not able," Yet thinking to out-match his Foes at Sea, Enclof'd their Fleet i'th' ftreight of Eubea: But they as fortunate at"" Sea as Land, [107] In this ftreight, as the other firmly ftand. r falls. ^ part. ' bold. " fome Millions. J" Them to receive, the Harbour was not able; '" valiant hy. 22■ ruby. 232 Anne BradJireeVs Works. With loaden heart unto the King he goes, Tells as he could his unexpreffed woes; But for his deep complaints and fhowres of tears. His brothers recompence was nought but jears; The grieved prince finding nor right, nor love, To Ba6ii'ia his houfhold did remove. His brother fent foon after him a crew,^ Which him and his moft barbaroufly there flew: Unto fuch height did grow his cruelty. Of life no man had leaft fecurity. At lafl his Uncle did his death confpire. And for that end his Eunuch he did hire; Who privately him ' fmother'd in his bed, But yet by fearch he was found murthered; Then Artabanus" hirer of this deed, That from fufpition he might be fre'd ; Accus'd Darius Xerxes eldeft Son, To be the Author of the crime " was done. And by his craft order'd the matter fo, [mj That the Prince'" innocent to death did* goe: But in fhort time this wickednefs was known. For which he died, and not he alone. But all his Family was likewife flain: Such Juilice in the Perjian Court did reign.^' The eldeft fon thus immaturely dead. The fecond was inthron'd in's fathers ftead. ' His wicked brother, after fent a crew, t Which wretch, him privately. « The Artacanus. ■" deed. ■^ poor. X muft. y Such Juftice then, in Perjia did remain, The Four ]\ Ion archies. 233 Artaxerxes Hong-imanus. A MONGST the Monarchs, next this prince had place The beft that ever fprung of Cyrus race. He firft war with revolted'' Egypt made, To whom the perjur'd Grecians lent their aid : Although to JCerxes they not long before A league of amity had firmly fwore," Which had they kept, Greece had more nobly done Then when the world they after overrun. Greeks and Egyptians both he overthrows. And payes them both * according as he owes, Which done, a fumptuous feaft makes like a king Where ninefcore dayes are fpent in banquetting. His Princes, Nobles, and his Captains calls, To be partakers of thefe Feftivals: His hangings white and green, and purple d3'e. With gold and filver beds, moft gorgeoufly. The royal wine in golden cups did pafs. To drink more then he lift, none bidden was: Queen Vajlhi alfo feafts, but 'fore tis ended. She's from her Royalty (alas) fufpended, And one more worthy placed in her room, [112] By Memucans advice fo was the doom. What Ejiher' was and did, the ftory read, And how her Country-men from fpoyle fhe freed, z revolting. " had fworn before. ^ now. <; Hrfier. .30 2,34 Anne BradJireeVs Works. Of Hamans fall, and Mordicaes great Rife, The might of th' prince, the tribute of the Ifles. Good Ezra in the feventh year of his reign. Did for the Jews commiflion large obtain, With gold and filver, and what ere they need : His bounty did Darius far exceed. And Neherniah in his twentieth year, Went to yerufalem his city dear. Rebuilt thofe walls which long in rubbifti lay, And o're his oppofites ftill got the day,*^ Unto this King Themijiocles did fly, When under OJiracifme he did lye: For fuch ingratitude did Athens fhow, (This valiant Knight whom they fo much did owe) Such royal bounty from his ' prince he found, That in his"^ loyalty his heart was bound. The king not little joyfull of this chance, Thinking his Grejian warrs now to advance. And for that end great preparation made Fair Attica a third time to invade. His grand-Sires old difgrace did vex him fore. His Father Xerxes lofs and fhame much more. For punifhment their breach of oath did call This noble Greek, now fit for General. Provifions then and feafon being fit. To Themijiocles this warr he doth commit, '' This and the seven preceding lines are not in the first edition. ' Such entertainment "with this. / all. Th e Fo II r Mo n a rch ies. 235 Who for his wrong he could not chufe but deem [i 13J His Country nor his Friends would much efteem:'^ But he all injury had foon forgat, And to his native land'' could bear no hate, Nor yet difloyal to his Prince would prove, By' whom oblig'd by bounty,^ and by love; Either to wrong, did wound his heart fo fore, To wrong himfelf by death he chofe before; In this fad conflict marching on his wayes, Strong poyfon took, fo put an end to's dayes. The King this noble Captain having loft, Difperft again his newly levied hoft: Reft of his time in peace he did remain. And di'd the two and forti'th of his reign. Darius JVotkus. THREE fons great Artaxerxes left behind; The eldeft to fucceed, that was his mind: His fecond Brother with him fell at ftrife, Stil making war, till firft had loft his life: '^ Then the Surviver is by Nothus flain. Who now fole Monarch doth of all remain. g his Kindred would efteem. ^ Country-men. ' To. J favour. k But he, with his next brother fell at ftrife, That nought appeas'd him, but his brothers life. 236 Anne B radji reef s Works. The two firft^ fons (are by Hiftorians thought) By fair Queen EJiher'" to her husband brought; If fo they were," the greater was her moan, That for fuch gracelefs wretches fhe did groan. Revolting" Egypt 'gainft this King rebels, His Garifons drives out that 'mongft them^ dwells; Joyns with the Greeks, and fo maintain their right For lixty years, maugre the Perjians might. A fecond trouble after this fucceeds, [1^4] Which from remifsnefs in Lefs Ajia breeds.^ Amorges, whom for'' Vice-Roy he ordain'd, Revolts, treafure and people having gain'd. Plunders ' the Country, & much mifchief ' wrought Before things could to quietnefs be brought. The King was glad with Sparta to make peace. That fo he might thofe troubles" foon appeafe: But they in Ajia muft firfl reftore All towns held by his Anceftors before. The King much profit reaped by this league," Regains his own, then doth the Rebel break, Whofe flrength by Grecians help was overthrown,'" And fo each man again poffeft his own. This King Cambifes like his fifter wed. To which his pride, more then his luft him led: ^ I Thefe two lewd. '« To be bj Hejier. » If they were hers. " Difquiet. t therein. q in Ajia proceeds. ^ their. -- Invades. t trouble. u thefe tumults. » reapeth, bj thefe leagues. ™ Whofe forces by their heipe were overthrown. X The King, his fifler, like Cambyfes, wed ; More by his pride, then luft, thereunto led. The Four Monarchies. 237 For Perjian Kings then deem'd-' themfelves fo good No match was high enough but their own blood. Two fons fhe bore, the j'oungeft Cyrus nam'd, A Prince whofe worth by Xenophon is fam'd;^ His Father would no notice of that take Prefers his brother for his birthrights fake. But Cyrus fcorns his brothers feeble wit, And takes more on him then was judged fit. The King provoked fends for him to th' Court, Meaning to chaftife him in fharpeft fort. But in his flow approach, e're he came there His Father di'd, fo " put an end to's fear. 'Bout nineteen years this Nothus r.eigned,* which run, His large Dominions left to's eldeft: Son. Artaxerxes Mnemon. [nS] MNEMON now fet upon his Fathers Throne, Yet fears ' all he enjoys, is not his own : Still on his brother cafts a jealous eye, Judging his "^ aftions tends to's injury. Cyrus on th' other fide weighs in his mind, What help in's enterprize he's like to find; y did deem. ^ A hopefull Prince, whofe worth is ever fam'd. . fathers death, did. ^ Nothus reign'd nineteen years, c doubts. "' ''"'^- 238 Anne Bradji reefs Works. His Intereft in th' Kingdome now next heir, More dear to's Mother then his brother farr: His brothers Httle love like to be gone, Held by his Mothers Interceflion. Thefe and like motives hurry him amain, To win by force, what right could not obtain; And thought it beft now in his Mothers time. By lower '^ fteps towards the top to climbe: If in his enterprize he fhould fall fhort. She to the King would make a fair report, He hop'd if fraud nor force, the Crown would gain Her prevalence, a pardon might obtain. From the Lieutenant firft he takes away Some Towns, commodious in lefs AJia, Pretending ftill the profit of the King, Whofe Rents and Cuftomes duly he fent in ; The King finding Revenues now amended. For what was done feemed no whit offended. Then next he takes the Spartans into pay,-^ One Greek could make ten Perjians run away. Great care was his pretence thofe Souldiers ftout. The Rovers in Pijidia fhould drive out; But left fome blacker^ news fhould fly to Court, [116] Prepares'' himfelf to carry the report: And for that end five hundred Horfe he chofe; With pofting fpeed on t'wards the king he goes: But fame more quick, arrives ere he comes there. And fills the Court with tumult, and with fear. e leffer. / Then next, the Lacedemons he takes to pay ; g worfer. ''• He meant. Th e Fo u r Mo n a rck ies. 239 The old Qiieen and the young at bitter jarrs, The laft accus'd the firft for thefe fad warrs/' The wife againft the mother ftill doth cry To be the Author of confpiracy. The King difmaid, a mighty hoft doth raife, Which Cyrus hears, and fo foreflows his pace: But as he goes his forces ftill augments, Seven hundred Greeks repair for^ his intents. And others to be warm'd by this new fun In numbers from his brother dayly run. The fearfull King at laft mufters his forces, And counts nine hundred thoufand Foot & horfes. Three hundred thoufand he to Syria fent To keep thofe ftreights his brother to prevent.* Their Captain hearing but of Cyrus name, Forfook his charge to his eternal fhame.' This place fo made by nature and by art. Few might have kept it, had they had a heart. Cyrus difpair'd a paffage there to gain, So hir'd a fleet to waft him o're the Main: The 'mazed King was then about to fly To Badiria and for a time there lye,'" ' The one accus'd the other, for thefe wars : / Greeks now further. * And yet with thefe, had neither heart, nor grace ; To look his manly brother in the face. Three hundred thoufand, yet to Syria fent ; To keep thofe ftreights, to hinder his intent. I Ran back, and quite abandoned the fame, Abrocomes, was this bafe cowards name. Not worthy to be known, but for his fhame : '" To th' utnioft parts of Badr\i, and there lye. 240 Aiiiie Bradftreefs Works. Had not his Captains" fore againft his will By realbn and by force detain'd him Itill, Up then with fpeed a mighty trench he throws [117J For his fecurity againft his foes. Six yards the depth and forty miles in length, Some fifty or elfe fixty foot in breadth ; Yet for his brothers coming durft not ftay, He fafeft" was when fartheft out of th' way. Cyrus finding his camp, and no man there, Was not a little jocund^ at his fear. On this he and his fouldiers carelefs grow, And here and there in carts their arms they throw When fuddenly their fcouts come in and cry, Arm, Arm, the King with all his hoft is nigh.^ In this confufion each man as he might Gets on his arms, arrayes himfelf for fight. And ranged ftood by great Euphrates fide The brunt of that huge multitude to 'bide. Of whofe great numbers their intelligence Was gather'd by the duft that rofe from thence. Which like a mighty cloud darkned the sky. And black and blacker grew, as they drew nigh: But when their order and their filence faw. That, more then multitudes their hearts did awe; For tumult and confufion they expedled, And all good difcipline to be neglefted. " a Captain ; " fureft. / Rejoyced not a little. foes, and all. ? feeketh to. r 'gin. s This and the five preceding lines are not in the first edition. ' Instead of this and the seven preceding lines, the first edition has the following : — His Mothers wickea counfell was the caufe, Who foothb him up, his owne defires are Lawes : But yet for all his greatnefie, and long reign. He muft leave all, and in the pit remain ; The Four Mo )t archies. 247 Don' lis Ochus. /^CHUS a wicked and Rebellious fon ^-^ Succeeds in th' throne, his father being gone. Two of his brothers in his Fathers dayes (To his great grief) moil fubtilly he flayes: And being King, commands thofe that remain, Of brethren and of kindred to be flain. Then raifes forces, conquers Egypt land. Which in rebellion fixty years did ftand: And in the twenty third of's cruel raign Was by his Eunuch the proud Bagoas flain." Forty three years he rules, then turns to duft, As all the mighty ones, have done, and muft : But this of him is worth the memory, He was the Matter of good Nehemie. « Darius Ockvs. /"^ Reat Ariaxerxes dead, Ochus fucceeds, Of whom no Record's extant of his deeds : "Was it becaufe the Grecians now at war. Made Writers work at home, they fought not far? Or dealing with the Perjian, now no more Their Adts recorded not, as heretofore? Or elfe, perhaps the deeds of Perjian Kings In after wars were burnt, 'mongft other things? That three and twenty years he reign'd I finde. The reft is but conje6ture of my minde. 248 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Arfames 0)' Arfes, [^23] A RSAMES plac'd now in his fathers ftead, ^ By him that late his father murthered. Some write that Ar/ames was Ochus brother, Inthron'd by Bagoas in the room of th' other; But why his brother 'fore his fon fucceeds I can no reafon give, 'caufe none I read. His brother, as tis faid, long fince was flain. And fcarce a Nephew left that now might reign : What a6ts he did time hath not now left pen'd, But moft fuppofe in him did Cyrus end, Whofe race long time had worne the diadem, But now's divolved to another flem. Three years he reign'd, then drank of 's fathers cup By the fame Eunuch who firft fet him up." " Ar/ames, or Arfes. "VTl THy Ar/ames his brother ihould fucceed, I can no reafon give, caufe none I read ; It may be thought, furely he had no Son, So fell to him, which elie it had not done : What Adls he did, time hath not now left pend, But as 'tis thought, in him had Cyrus end : Whofe race long time had worn the Diadem, But now's divolved, to another Stem. Three years he reign'd, as Chronicles expreffe, Then Natures debt he paid, quite Iflue-leffe. The Four Monarchies. 249 Darius Codomanus. invARIUS by this Bagoas fet in throne, (Complotter with him in the murther done) And was no fooner fetled in his reisfn. But Bagoas falls to's praftices again, And the fame fauce had ferved him no doubt. But that his treafon timely was found out, And fo this wretch (a punifliment too fmall) Loft but his life for horrid treafons all. This Codomanus now upon the ftage Was to his PredecelTors Chamber page. Some write great Cyrus line was not 3'et run. But from fome daughter this new king was fprung If fo, or not, we cannot tell, but find [124J That feveral men will have their feveral mind; Yet in fuch differences we may be bold, With learned and judicious ftill to hold;"' And this 'mongft all's no Controverred thing. That this Darius, was lafl Perjian King, '^ Darius Codomanus. T TOw this Darius did attain the Crown, By favour, force, or fraud, is not fet down : If not (as is before) of Cyrus race, Bj one of thefe, he muft obtain the place. Some writers fay, that he was Arfes fon, And that great Cyrus line, jet was not run, That Ochus unto Ar/ames was father, Which bj fome probabilities (feems rather;) 32 250 Anne BradJlreeVs Works, Whofe Wars, and loffes we may better tell, In Alexander''?, reign who did him quell. How from the top of worlds felicity. He fell to depth of greateft mifery. Whofe honours, treafures, pleafures had fhort ftay, One deluge came and fwept them all away. And in the fixth year of his haplefs reign. Of all did fcarce his winding Sheet retain ; And laft, a fad Cataftrophe to end. Him to the grave did Traitor Beffus fend. That fon, and father, both were murthered By one Bagoas, an Eunuch (as is fed.) Thus learned Pemble," whom we may not flight, But as before doth (well read) RaJeigh write. And he that fl:ory reads, fliall often find ; That feverall men, will have their feverall mind ; Yet in thefe differences, we may behold ; With our judicious learned Knight to hold. * See Introduction. The End of the Perjian Monarchy. The Third Monarchy^ [125J being the Grecian^ beginning under Alexander the Great in the 112. Olympiad. /'~^Reat Alexander was wife Philips fon, ^-^ He to Amyntas, Kings of Macedon; The cruel proud Olympias was his Mother, She to Epirus warHke" King was daughter. This Prince (his father by Paufanias flain) - The twenty firft of's age began to reign. Great were the Gifts of nature which he had, His education much to thofe did adde: By art and nature both he was made fit. To 'compHfh that which long before was writ. The very day of his Nativity To ground was burnt Dianaes Temple high: An Omen to their near approaching woe, Whofe glory to the earth this king-^ did throw. X Shee to the rich Moloffians. y Prince. 252 Anne Bradjireefs Works. His Rule to Greece he fcorn'd fhould be confin'd, The Univerfe fcarce bound his proud ^ vaft mind. This is the He-Goat which from Grecia came, That ran in Choler'' on the Perjian Ram, That brake his horns, that threw him on the ground [126] To fave him from his might no man was found : * Philip on this great Conquefl had an eye, But death did terminate thofe thoughts fo high. The Greeks had chofe him Captain General, Which honour to his Son did now befall. (For as Worlds Monarch now we fpeak not on, But as the King of little Macedon^ Reftlefs both day and night his heart then was, His high refolves which way to bring to pafsj Yet for a while in Greece is forc'd to ftay. Which makes each moment feem more then a day. Thebes and ftiff * Athens both 'gainft him rebel. Their mutinies by valour doth he quell." This done againft both'' right and natures Laws, His kinsmen put to death, who gave no' caufe; That no rebellion-^ in in his abfence be, Nor making Title unto Sovereignty. And all whom he fufpefts or fears will climbe,''^ Now tafte of death leaft they deferv'd* in time, 2 large. a. fury. * Daniel, chap. viii. i old. <: But he their mutinies, full foon doth quell. "i all. « without leaft. / combuftion. S In feeking after Soveraignity : And many more, whom he fufpefts will climbe. /« deferv't. The Four Monarchies. 253 Nor wonder is t if he in blood begin, For Cruelty was his parental fin, Thus eafed now of troubles and of fears. Next fpring his courfe to Ajla he fleers; Leavs Sage Antipater, at home to fway. And through the Hellifpont his Ships made way. Coming to Land, his dart on fhore he throws, Then with alacrity he after goes; And with a bount'ous heart and courage brave. His little wealth among his Souldiers gave. And being ask'd what for himfelf was left, [127] Reply'd, enough, fith only hope he kept' Thirty two thoufand made up his Foot force. To which were joyn'd five thoufand goodly horfe. Then on he marcht, in's way he view'd old Troy, And on Achilles tomb with wondrous joy He offer'd, and for good fuccefs did pray To him, his Mothers Anceftors,^ (men fay) When news of Alexander came to Court, To fcorn at him Darius had good fportj Sends him a frothy and contemptuous Letter, Stiles him difloyal fervant, and no better; Reproves him for his proud audacity To lift his hand 'gainft fuch a Monarchy. Then to's Lieftenant he in AJia fends That he be ta'ne alive, for he intends ' This and the three preceding lines are not in the first edition. / Anceftor. 254 Anne BradJlreeV s Works. To whip him well with rods, and fo to bring That boy fo.mallipert before the King. Ah! fond vain man, whofe pen ere while In lower terms was taught a higher flile. To River Granich Alexander hyes Which in Phrygia near Propontike lyes/ The Perjians ready for encounter ftand, And ftrive ' to keep his men from off the landj Thofe banks fo fteep the Greeks yet fcramble up. And beat the coward Perjians from the top. And twenty thoufand of their lives bereave, Who in their backs did all their wounds receive. This victory did Alexander gain. With lofs of thirty four of his there flain; Then Sardis he, and E-phefus did gain, [128] Where ftood of late, Diana's wondrous Phane, And by Parmenio (of renowned Fame,) Miletus and Pamphilia overcame. Hallicarnaffus and Pijidia He for his Mafter takes with Lycia. Next Alexander marcht towards the black Sea, And eafil}'^ takes old Gordiuni in his way; Of Afs ear'd Midas, once the Regal Seat, VVhofe touch turn'd all to gold, yea even his meat Where the Prophetick knot he cuts in twain. Which who fo doth, muft Lord of all remain. Now news of Memnon''?, death (the Kings Viceroy) To Alexanders heart's no little joy, * Which twixt Phrigia, and Profontis lyes. i think. The Four Monarchies. 255 For in that Peer, more valour did abide, Then in Darius multitude befide : In's ftead, was Arfes plac'd, but"' durft not ftay. Yet fet one in his room, and ran awa}^; His fubftitute as fearfull as his mafter, Runs after two," and leaves all to Difafter. Then Alexander all Cilicia takes, No ftroke for it he ftruck, their hearts fo quakes. To Greece he thirty thoufand talents fends, To raife more Force to further his " intends : Then o're^ he goes Darius now to meet. Who came with thoufand thoufands at his feet. Though fome there be (perhaps) ^ more likely write He but four hundred thoufand had to fight, The reft Attendants, which made up no lefs, Both Sexes there was almost numberlefs. For this wife King had brought to fee the fport, [129] With him the greateft Ladyes '' of the Court, His mother, his beauteous Qiieen-" and daughters. It feems to fee the Macedonian flaughters. Its much ' beyond my time and little art, To fhew how great Darius plaid his part; The fplendor and the pomp he marched in. For fince the world was no fuch Pageant feen. Sure "■ 'twas a goodly fight there to behold. The Perjians clad in filk, and glittering" gold, « There Arfemes was plac'd, yet. " Goes after too. o for what he yet intends. / And on. ? and that. r Along with him, the Ladyes. ^ His mother old, beautious wife, t Sure its. « Oh. ■" glitt'ring. 256 Anne BradJireeV s Works. The ftately horfes trapt, the lances gilt, As if addreft " now all to run a tilt. The holy fire was borne before the hoft, (For Sun and Fire the Perjians worfhip moft) The Priefts in their ftrange habit follow after, An obje6t, not fo much of fear as laughter. The King fate in a chariot made of gold. With crown and Robes mofl glorious to behold, And o're his head his golden Gods on high, Support a party coloured Canopy. A number of fpare horfes next were led. Left he fhould need them in his Chariots ftead; But thofe that faw him in this ftate to lye, Suppos'd he neither meant" to fight nor flye. He fifteen hundred had like women drefi;j For thus ™ to fright the Greeks he judg'd was beft. Their golden ornaments how '^ to fet forth, Would ask more time then was their bodies worth Great Syjigambis fhe brought up the Reer, Then fuch a world of waggons did appear. Like feveral houfes moving upon wheels, [^3°] As if fhe'd drawn whole Shujhan at her heels: This brave Virago to the King was mother, And as much good fhe did as any other. Now left this gold, and all this goodly fluff" Had not been fpoyle and booty rich enough « As if they were. » Would think he neither thought. w fo. The Four Monarchies. 257 A thoufand mules and Camels ready wait Loaden with gold, with jewels and with plate: For fure Darius thought at the firft fight, The Greeks would all adore, but none would fight But when both Armies met, he might behold That valour was more worth then pearls or gold. And that his wealth ferv'd but for baits to 'lure To make"^ his overthrow more fierce and fure. The Greeks came on and with a gallant grace Let fly their arrows in the Perjians face. The cowards feeling this fharp fl;inging charge Moft bafely ran, and left their king at large : Who from his golden coach is glad to 'light. And caft away his crown for fwifter flight: Of late like fome immoveable he lay. Now finds both legs and horfe to run away. Two hundred thoufand men that day were flain, And forty thoufand prifoners alfo tane, Befides the Queens and Ladies of the court, If Ctirtius be true in his report. The Regal Ornaments were loft, the treafure Divided at the Macedonians pleafure ; Yet all this grief, this lofs, this overthrow. Was but beginning of his future woe. The royal Captives brought to Alexander [131 J T'ward them demean'd himfelf like a Commander For though their beauties were unparaled, Conquer'd himfelf now he had conquered, •* Which made. 33 258 Anne BradJireeV s Works. Preferv'd their honour, us'd them bounteoufly/ Commands no man fliould doe them injur}': And this to Alexander is more fame Then that the Perjian King he overcame. Two himdred eighty Greeks he loft in fight, By too much heat, not wounds (as authors write) No fooner had this Viftor ' won the field, But all Phenicia to his pleafure yield. Of which the Goverment he doth commit Unto Parmenio of all moft fit. Darius now lefs lofty " then before, To Alexander writes he would reftore Thofe mournfull Ladies from Captivity, For whom he offers him a ranfome high ; But down his haughty ftomach could not bring, To give this Conquerour the Stile of King. This Letter Alexander doth difdain. And in fhort terms fends this reply again, A King he was, and that not only fo. But of Darius King, as he fhould know. Next Alexander unto Tyre doth goe. His valour and his vidtoryes they know: To gain his love the Tyrians intend. Therefore a crown and great Provifion fend. Their prefent he receives with thankfuUnefs, Defires to offer unto Hercules, Proteftor of their town, by whom defended, [132] And from whom he * lineally defcended. y courteoufly. z Captaine. » more humble. i alfo. The Four Monarchies. 259 But they accept not this in any wife, Left he intend more fraud then facrifice, Sent word that Hercules his temple ftood In the old town, (which then lay like a wood) With this reply he was fo deep " enrag'd. To -win the town, his honour he ingag'd: And now as Babels King did once before, He leaves not till he made the fea firm ihore. But far lefs time and coft he did expend. The former Ruines forwarded his end:'' Moreover'' had a Navy at command, The other by his men fetcht all by land. In feven months time he took that wealthy^ town, Whofe glory now a fecond time's brought down. Two thoufand of the chief he crucifi'd. Eight thoufand by the fword then alfo di'd. And thirteen thoufand Gaily flaves he made. And thus the Tyrians for miftruft were paid. The rule of this he to Philotas gave Who was the fon of that Parmenio brave. Cilicia to Socrates doth give. For now's the time Captains like Kings may live. Zidon he on Ephejlion beftowes; (For that which freely^ comes, as freely goes) He icorns to have one worfe then had the other. So gives his little Lordfhip to another. t fore. -^ help to him now lend ; ' BeCdes, he. / fpace he takes this lofty. ^ eafily. 26o Anne Bradjireef s Works. Ephejlion having chief command of th' Fleet,'^ At Gaza now muft Alexander meet. Darius finding troubles ftill increafe, [^33] By his AmbafTadors now fues for peace, And layes before great Alexanders eyes The dangers difficultyes like to rife, Firft at Euphrates what he's like to 'bide, And then at Tygris and Araxis fide, Thefe he may fcape, and if he fo defire, A league of friendfhip make firm and entire. His eldeft daughter he ' in mariage profers,^ And a moft princely dowry with her offers.* All thofe rich Kingdomes large that do abide Betwixt the Hellefpont and Halys fide. But he with fcorn his courtefie rejefts, And the diftreflTed King no whit ' refpefts. Tells him, thefe proffers great, in truth were none For all he offers now w^as but his own. But quoth Parmenio that brave Commander, Was I as great, as is great Alexander, Darius offers I would not rejeft, But th' kingdomes and the Lady "' foon accept. To which proud " Alexander made " reply, And fo if I Parmenio was, would I. He now to Gaza goes, and there doth meet, His Favorite Ephejlion with his Fleet, h And therefore gives this Lord-fliip to another. E;peJiion now, hath the command o' th' Fleet, i (him). / offers. * proffers. I way. '« Ladies. « brave. » did. The Four Monarchies. 261 Where valiant Betis ftoutly keeps ^ the town, (A loyal Subjeft to Darius Crown) For more repulfe the Grecians here abide Then in the Perjian Monarchy befide; And by thefe walls fo many men were flain, That Greece was forc'd to yield «■ fupply again. But yet this well defended Town was taken, [134] For 'twas decree'd, that Empire fhould be fhaken; Thus Betis ta'en '' had holes bor'd through his feet. And by command was drawn through every ftreet To imitate Achilles in his fhame. Who did the like to Hedtor (of more fame) What haft thou loft thy magnimity,^ Can Alexander deal thus cruelly? Sith valour with Heroicks is renown'd, Though in an Enemy it fhould be found; If of thy future fame thou hadft regard, Why didft not heap up honours and reward? From Gaza to yerufalem he goes. But in no hoftile way, (as I fuppofe) Him in his Prieftly Robes high yaddus meets, Whom with great reverence Alexander greets; The Prieft fhews him good Daniel's Prophefy, How he fhould overthrow this Monarchy, By which he was fo much encouraged, No future dangers he did ever dread. From thence to fruitful Egypt marcht with fpeed, Where happily in's wars he did fucceed; p doth defend. ? muft jeeld a frefli. »- The Captaine tane. ' thy late magnanimitj? 262 Anne Bradjl reefs Works. To fee how faft he gain'd was no fmall wonder, For in few dayes he brought that Kingdome under. Then to the PJiane of Jupiter he went, To be inftall'd ' a God, was his intent. The Pagan Prieft through hire, or elfe miftake, The Son of Jupiter did ftreight him make : He Diobolical muft needs remain. That his humanity will not retain. Thence' back to Egypt goes, and in few dayes; [135] Fair Alexandria from the ground doth raife; Then fetling all things in lefs AJia; In Syria, Egypt, and Phenicia, Unto Euphrates marcht and overgoes. For no man's there his Army to oppofe;" Had Betis now been there but with his band. Great Alexander had been kept from Land. But as the King, fo is the multitude. And now^ of valour both are deftitute. Yet he (poor prince) another Hoft doth mufter. Of Perjia7ts, Scythians, Indians in a clufter; Men but in fhape and name, of valour none Moft fit," to blunt the Swords of Macedon. Two hundred fifty thoufand by account, Of Horfe and Foot his Army did amount; For in his multitudes his truft ftill lay. But on their fortitude he had fmall ftay; Yet had fome hope that on the fpacious ™ plain. His numbers might the viftory obtain. - For to be call'd. t Now. " For no man to refift: his valour fliowes ; v Fit for. v thateeven. The Four Monarchies. 263 About this time Darius beautious Queen, Who had fore "" travail and much forrow feen, Now bids the world adue, with pain^ being fpent, Whofe death her Lord full fadly did lament/ Great Alexander mourns as well as he, The more becaufe not fet at liberty ; " When this fad news (at firft Darius hears, Some injury was offered he fears: But when inform'd how royally the King, Had ufed her, and hers, in every thing, He prays the immortal Gods they would reward [136] Great Alexander for this good regard; And if they down his Monarchy will throw, Let them on him this dignity bellow. And now for peace he fues as once before, And offers all he did and Kingdomes more; His eldeft daughter for his princely bride, (Nor was fuch match in all the world bolide) And all thofe Countryes which (betwixt) did lye Phanijian Sea, and great Euphrates high: With fertile Egypt and rich Syria, And all thofe Kingdomes in lefs AJia. With thirty thoufand Talents to be paid. For the Queen Mother, and the royal maid; And till all this be well perform'd, and fure, Ochus his Son for Hoftage Ihould * endure. ^ long. y her time. And leaves her wofull Lord for to lament. : For this loft Queen (though in captivity) t Son a hoftage fliall. 264 Anne BradJireeVs Works. To this ftout Alexander gives no ear, No though Parmenio plead, yet will not hear; Which had he done, (perhaps) his fame he'd kept, Nor Infamy had wak'd, when he had flept, For his unlimited profperity Him boundlefs made in vice and Cruelty. Thus to Darius he writes back again, The Firmament, two Suns cannot contain. Two Monarchyes on Earth cannot abide, Noi- yet two Monarchs in one world refide ; The afflicted King finding him fet to jar, Prepares againft to morrow, for the war, Parmenio, Alexander, wiftit that night. To force his Camp, fo vanquifh them by flight.^ For tumult in the night'' doth caufe moft dread, [137] And weaknefs of a Foe is covered, But he difdain'd to fteal a vidlory: The Sun fhould witnefs of his valour be, And carelefs in his bed, next morne he lyes. By Captains twice is call'd before hee'l rife, The Armyes joyn'd a while, the Perjians fight. And fpilt the Greeks fome bloud before their flight But long they flood not e're they're forc'd to run, So made an end. As foon as well begun.' Forty five thoufand Alexander had. But is not known what flaughter here was made, i: fo put them all to flight ; d dark. - Instead of this and the five preceding lines, the first edition has, — Both Armies meet, Greeks fight, the Perfians run. So make an end, before they well begun ; The Four Monarchies. 265 Some write th' other had a milHon, fome more, But Quintus Curtius as before/ At Arbela this vi6lory was gain'd, Together with'^ the Town alfo obtain'd; Darius ftript of all to Media came, Accompan'ed with forrow, fear, and fhame, At Arbela left his Ornaments and Treafure, Which Alexander deals as fuits his pleafure. This conqueror to Babylon then goes,* Is entertain'd with joy and pompous fliowes,' With ftiowrs of flours the ftreets along are ftrown. And incenfe burnt the lilver Altars on. The glory of the Cafl:le he admires. The ftrong Foundation^ and the lofty Spires, In this, a world '' of gold and Treafure lay. Which in few hours was carried all away. With greedy eyes he views this City round, Whofe fame throughout the world was fo renownd And to polTefs he counts no little blifs [^^S^] The towres and bowres of proud Semiramis, Though worne by time, and rac'd ' by foes full fore. Yet old foundations fhew'd and fomewhat more. With all the pleafures that on earth are "' found. This city did abundantly abound, Where four and thirty dayes he now did ftay. And gave himfelf to banqueting and play: / as was faid before. e And now with it, * now goes to Babylon, i train. / The firme foundations, * maffe. I raz'd. 'k was. 34 266 Anne BradJireeVs Works. He and his fouldiers wax effeminate, And former difcipline begin to hate. Whilft revelling at Babylon he lyes,. Antipater from Greece fends frefh" fupplyes. He then to Shujltan" goes with his new-'' bands. But needs no force, tis rendred to his hands. He likewife here a world of treafure found; For 'twas the feat of Perjian Kings renownd. Here ftood the royal Houfes of delight. Where Kings have fhown their glory wealth and might The fumptuous palace of Queen EJlher'' here, And of good Mordicai, her kinfman dear, Thofe purple hangings, mixt with green and white Thofe beds of gold, and couches of delight. And furniture the richeft in all lands, Now fall into the Macedonians hands. From ShuJJian to Perjipolis he goes. Which news doth ftill augment Darius woes. In his approach the governour fends word. For his receipt with joy they all accord. With open gates the wealthy town did ftand. And all in it was at his high command. Of all the Cities that on earth was found, [^39] None like to this in riches did abound ." Though Babylon was rich and Shujhan too Yet to compare with this they might not doe/ Here lay the bulk of all thofe precious things That did pertain unto the Perjian Kings: n great. " " Sujhan," here and elsewhere, in the first edition. p frefti. 7 Hejier. The Four Monarchies. 267 For when the fouldiers rifled had their pleafure, And taken money plate and golden treafure, Statues fome "■ gold, and filver numberlefs, Yet after all, as ftoryes do exprefs The fhare of Alexandei' did amount To an hundred thoufand talents by account. Here of his own he fets a Garifon, (As firft at ShuJJian and at Babylon) On their old Governours titles he laid, But on their faithfulnefs he never ftaid. Their place ' gave to his Captains (as was * juft) For fuch revolters falfe, what King can " truft ? The riches and the pleafures of this town Now makes this King his virtues all to drown, That wallowing " in all licentioufnefs. In pride and cruelty to high "" excefs. Being inflam'd with wine upon a feafon. Filled with madnefs, and quite void of reafon. He at a bold proud "^ flrumpets leud defire. Commands to fet this goodly town on fire. Parmenio wife intreats him to defift And layes before his eyes if he perfift His fames ^ diflionour, lofs unto his ftate. And juft procuring of the Perjians hate : But deaf to reafon, bent to have his will, [140] Thofe ftately ftreets with raging flame did fill. Then to Datius he dire6ls his way, Who was retir'd as far as ' Media, r of. * charge. ' moft. « Prince will. '" He walloweth now, ■w to th' higheft. ^ bafe. y names. « and gone to. 268 Anne Bradjlreef s Works. And there with forrows, fears & cares furrounded Had now his army fourth and laft compounded. Which forty thoufand made, but his intent Was thefe" in Ba^ria foon * to augment: But hearing Alexander was fo near, Thought now this once to try his fortunes here. And rather chofe an honourable death, Then ftill with infamy to draw his breath: But Beffus falfe, who was his chief Commander Perfwades him not to fight with Alexander. With fage advice he fets ' before his eyes The Httle hope of profit like to rife ; If when he'd multitudes the day he loft, Then with fo few, how likely to be croft. This counfel for his fafety he pretended. But to deliver him to's foe intended. Next day this treafon to Darius known Tranfported fore with grief and paffion. Grinding his teeth, and plucking ofl:' his hair, Sate overwhelm'd with forrow and difpair: Then bids his fervant Artabafus true, Look to himfelf, and leave him to that crew, Who was of hopes and comforts quite bereft. And by his guard and Servitors all left. Straight Beffus comes, & with his trait'rous hands Layes hold on's Lord, and binding him with bands Throws him into a Cart, covered with hides, [141] Who wanting means t' refift thefe wrongs abides, " ftraight. b thefe. c layes. The Four Monarchies. 269 Then draws the cart along with chains of gold, In more defpight the thraled prince to hold, And thus t'ward"^ Alexander on he goes, Great recompence for this,^ he did propofe : But fome detefting this his wicked fa6t, To Alexander ?i^&'& and tells-^this aft. Who doubling of his march, pofts on amain, Darius from that-^ traitors hands to gain. Bejfus gets knowledg his difloyalty Had Alexanders wrath incenfed high, Whofe army now was almoft within fight. His hopes being dafht prepares himfelf for flight: Unto Darius firft he brings a horfe, And bids him fave himfelf by fpeedy courfe; The wofull King his courtefie refufes, Whom thus the execrable wretch abufes, By throwing darts gave him his mortal wound. Then flew his Servants that were faithfull found. Yea wounds the beafts that drew him unto death. And leaves him thus to gafp out his laft breath. Bejfus his partner in this tragedy, Was the falfe Governour of Media. This done, they with their hoft foon fpeed away. To hide themfelves remote in Ba£lria. Darius bath'd in blood, fends out his groans. Invokes the heav'ns and earth to hear his moans.- His lofl: felicity did grieve him fore, But this unheard of treachery* much more: li to. ^ in's thoughts, / fly, and told. g thofe. h injury. 270 Anne BradJireeVs Works. But' above all, that neither Ear nor Eye [^42] Should hear nor fee his dying-' mifery; As thus he lay, Polijlrates a Greek, Wearied with his long march, did water feek, So chanc'd thefe bloudy Horfes to efpy, Whofe wounds had made their skins of purple dye To them repairs then '' looking in the Cart, Finds poor Darius pierced to the heart, Who not a little chear'd to have fome eye, The witnefs of this horrid Tragedy;' Prays him to Alexander to commend The juft revenge of this his woful end: And not to pardon fuch difloyalty, Of Treafon, Murther, and bafe Cruelty. If not, becaufe Darius thus did pray. Yet that fucceeding Kings in fafety may Their lives enjoy, their Crowns and dignity. And not by Traitors hands untimely dye. He alfo fends his humble thankfulnefs. For all the Kingly grace he did exprefs; To's Mother, Children dear, and wife now gone. Which made their long reftraint feem to be none : Praying the immortal Gods, that Sea and Land Might be fubjedted to his royal hand. And that his Rule as far extended be. As men the riling, fetting Sun fhall fee. This faid, the Greek for water doth intreat. To quench his thirft, and to allay his heat: i Yea. 3 groans, and. * he goes, and. / of his dying miferj : The Four Monarchies. 271 Of all good things (quoth he) once in my power, I've nothing left, at this my dying hour; Thy fervice'" and compaffion to reward, [143] But Alexander will, for this regard." This faid, his fainting breath did fleet away. And though a Monarch late," now lyes like clay; And^ thus muft every Son of Adam lye. Though Gods on Earth like Sons of men they ^ dye. Now to the Eaft, great Alexander ^o^s, To fee if any dare his might oppofe, For fcarce the world or any bounds thereon. Could bound his boundlefs fond Ambition; Such as fubmits again he doth reftore Their riches, and their honours he makes more, On Artabaces more then all beftow'd. For his fidelity to's Mafter fhow'd. Thalejlris Queen of th' Amazons now brought Her Train to Alexander, (as 'tis thought.) Though moft ' of reading beft and foundeft mind. Such Country there, nor yet fuch people find. Then tell her errand, we had better fpare To th' ignorant, her title will ' declare : As Alexander in his greatnefs grows. So dayly of his virtues doth he lofe. He bafenefs counts, his former Clemency, And not befeeming fuch a dignity; His pafl; fobriety doth alfo bate/ As moft incompatible to his State; m pitty. » Wherefore the gods requite thy kinde regard. o once. P Yea. ? fhall. »• fome. ■> may. t hate. 272 Anne Bradjl reefs Works. His temperance is but a fordid thing, No wayes becoming fuch a mighty King; His greatnefs now he takes to reprefent His fancy'd Gods above the Firmament. And fuch as fhew'd but reverence before, [^44] Now are commanded ftriftly to adore; With Perjian Robes himfelf doth dignifie. Charging the fame on his nobility, His manners habit, geftures, all did " fafliion After that conquer'd and luxurious Nation. His Captains that were virtuoufly inclin'd, Griev'd at this change of manners and of mind. The ruder fort did openly deride, His feigned Diety and foolilh pride; The certainty of both comes to his Ears, But yet no notice takes of what he hears: With thofe of worth he ftill defires efteem. So heaps up gifts his credit to redeem And for the reft new wars and travails " finds, That other matters might take up their minds. And hearing Beffus, makes himfelf a King, Intends that Traitor to his end to bring.™ Now that his Hoft from luggage might be free. And with his burthen no man burthened be; Commands forthwith each man his fardle bring. Into the market place before the King; Which done, fets fire upon thofe goodly "^ fpoyles. The recompence of travails" wars and toyles. « now doth. -u travels. ■m Intends with fpeed, that Traitor down to bring ; n^ coftly. The Four Monarchies. 273 And thus unwifely in a mading^ fume, The wealth of many Kingdomes did"" confume, But marvell 'tis that without mutiny, The Souldiers fhould let pafs this injury; Nor wonder lefs to Readers may it bring, Here to obferve the rafhnefs of the King. Now with his Army doth he poft" away [i4S] Falfe Bejfus to find out in Ba£iria : But much ^ diftreft for water in their march, The drought and heat their bodies fore did " parch. At length they came to th' river Oxus brink, Where fo "^ immoderately thefe thirfty drink. Which " more mortality to them did bring. Then all their-^ warrs againft the Perjian King. Here Alexander''?, almoft at a ftand, To pafs the River to ^ the other land. For boats here's none, nor near it any wood. To make them Rafts to waft them o're the flood: But he that was refolved in his mind. Would without means fome '' tranfportation find. Then from the ' Carriages the hides he takes. And ftuffing them with ftraw, he bundles makes. On thefe together ti'd, in fix dayes fpace, They all pafs over to the other place. y one raging. " Cities doth. a haft. i fore. c much doth. d moft. ' This. / did their. g How to paffe over, and gaine. h Would by fome means a. ' So from his. 35 274 Anne BradJlreeV s Works. Had Bejfus had but valour to his will, With little pain there might have kept them ftill;^' But Coward durft not fight, nor could he fly, Hated of all for's former treachery. Is by his own now bound in iron chains, A Coller of the fame, his neck contains. And in this fort they rather drag then bring This Malefactor vile * before the King, Who to Darius brother gives the wretch. With racks and tortures every limb to ftretch. Here vv^as of Greeks a town in Ba6iria, Whom Xerxes from their Country led away, Thefe not a little joy'd, this day to fee, [146] Wherein their own had got the fov'raignty^ And now reviv'd, Avith hopes held up their head From bondage long to be Enfranchifed. But Alexander puts them to the fword Without leafl caufe from "' them in deed or word ; Nor Sex, nor age, nor one, nor other fpar'd. But in his cruelty alike they fhar'd : Nor reafon could he give for this great wrong. But that they had forgot their mother tongue. While thus fome time he fpent in J3a6iria, And in his camp ftrong and fecurely lay, Down from the mountains twenty thoufand came And there moft fiercely fet upon the fame : Repelling thefe, two marks of honour got Imprinted in his" leg, by arrows fhot. '■ He eafily might have made them ftay there ftil; k vild. I had foveraignity. m Without cauie, given by. n deep in's. The Four Monarchies. 275 The Ba6irians againfl him now rebel; But he their llubbornefs in time " doth quell. From hence he to Jaxartis River goes, Where Scythians rude his army^ doth oppofe, And with their outcryes in an hideous fort Befet his camp, or military court, Of darts and arrows, made fo little fpare. They flew fo thick, they feem'd to dark the air: But foon his fouldiers ^ forc'd them to a flight. Their '' nakednefs could not endure their might. Upon this rivers bank in feventeen dayes A goodly City doth compleatly raife, Which Alexandria he doth likewife ■^ name, And fixty furlongs could but' round the fame. A" third Supply Antipater now fent, [i47] Which did his former forces" much augment; And being one hundred twenty thoufand ftrong; He enters then the Indian Kings among: Thofe that fubmit, he gives them rule again,™ Such as do not, both them and theirs are flain. His warrs with fundry nations I'le omit, And alfo of the Mallians what is writ. His Fights, his dangers, and the hurts he had. How to fubmit their necks at laft they're glad."^ " full foone. P valour. i the Grecians. >" Whofe. s alfo. t not. « His. » Army. ^ he doth reftore again. X Instead of this and the three preceding lines, the first edition has, — To age, nor fex, no pitty doth expreffe, But all fall by his fword, moft mercileffe. 276 Anne Bradjireef s Works. To Nifa goes by Bacchus built long fince, Whofe feafts are celebrated by this prince; Nor had that drunken god one who would take His Liquors more devoutly for his fake. When thus ten days his brain with wine he'd foakt, And with delicious meats his palate choakt: To th' River Indus next his courfe he bends, Boats to prepare, E-pheJiion firft he fends, Who coming thither long before his Lord, Had to his mind made all things to accord. The veflels ready were at his command. And Oniphis King of that part of the land. Through his perfwafion Alexander va^tt^, And as his Sov'raign Lord him humbly greets Fifty fix Elephants he brings to's hand. And tenders him the ftrength of all his land; Prefents himfelf firfh^ with a golden crown. Then eighty talents to his captains down : But Alexander made " him to behold He glory fought, no filver nor no gold; His prefents all with thanks he did reftore, [148] And of his own a thoufand talents more. Thus all the Indian Kings to him fubmit. But Porus ftout, who will not yeild as yet: To him doth Alexander thus declare. His pleafure is that forthwith he repair Unto his Kingdomes borders, and as due. His homage to himfelf" as Soveraign doe: y there. 2 caus'd. « unto him. The Four Monarchies. 277 But kingly Porus this brave anfwer fent, That to attend him there was his intent, And come as well provided as he could, But for the reft, his fword advife him fliould. Great Alexander vext at this reply, Did more his valour then his crown envy, Is now refolv'd to pafs Hydafpes flood. And there by force his foveraignty make good. Stout Porus on the banks doth ready ftand * To give him welcome ' when he comes to land. A potent army with him like a King, And ninety Elephants for warr did bring: Had Alexander fuch refiftance feen On Tygris fide, here now he had not been. Within this fpacious River deep and wide Did here and there Ifles full of trees abide. His army Alexander doth divide With Ptolemy fends part to th' other fide; Porus encounters them and thinks all's there, When covertly the reft get o're elfe where, And whilft the firft he valiantly aflail'd. The laft fet on his back, and fo prevail'd. Yet work enough here Alexander found, [149] For to the laft ftout Porus kept his ground : Nor was't diflionour at the length to yield, When Alexander ftrives to win the field. t And there his Soveraignty for to make good ; But on the banks doth Porus ready ftand, c For to receive him, 278 Anne BradJlreeVs Works. The kingly Captive 'fore the Vidtor's brought, In looks or geflure not abafed ought, But him a Prince of an undaunted mind Did Alexander by his anfwers find: '^ His fortitude his royal ^ foe commends, Reftores him and his bounds farther extends. Now eaftward Alexander would goe ftill, But fo to doe his fouldiers had no will. Long with exceflive travails wearied, Could by no means be farther drawn or led, Yet that his fame might to pofterity Be had in everlafting memory. Doth for his Camp a greater circuit take. And for his fouldiers larger Cabbins make. His mangers-^ he eredled up fo high As never horfe his Provender could eye. Huge bridles made, which here and there he left. Which might be found, and for great wonders kept Twelve altars then for monuments he rears, Whereon his adls and travels long appears. But doubting wearing time might ^ thefe decay, And fo his memory would ^ fade away. He on the fair Hydafpes pleafant lide, Two Cities built, his name' might there abide, Firfb Nicea^ the next Bucephalon, Where he entomb'd his ftately Stalion. •i This and the three preceding lines are not in the first edition. ? Kingly. / Maungers. g would. * might. « fame. The Four Monarchies. 279 His fourth and laft fupply was hither fent, [^S^] Then down-' Hydaspes with his Fleet he went; Some time he after fpent upon that fhore, Whether Ambaffadors, ninety or more/ Came with fubmiffion from the Indian Kings, Bringing their prefents rare, and precious things, Thefe all he feafts in ftate on beds of gold, His Furniture moft fumptuous to behold; His meat & drink, attendants, every thing, To th' utmoft fhew'd the glory of a King. With rich rewards he fent them home again. Acknowledged their Matters fovereign; Then failing South, and coming to that fhore, Thofe obfcure Nations yielded as before: A City here he built, call'd by his Name, Which could not found too oft with too much fame Then failing by the ^ mouth of Indus floud. His Gallyes ftuck upon the flats "' and mud; Which the ftout Macedonians amazed fore, Depriv'd at once the ufe of Sail and Oar: Obferving well the nature of the Tide, In thofe their fears " they did not long abide. Pafling fair Indus mouth his courfe he fteer'd To th' coaft which by Euphrates mouth appear'd; Whofe inlets near unto, he winter fpent. Unto his ftarved Souldiers fmall content, j down t'. * Where one hundred Embaffadours, or more, I Hence fajling down bj th', m fand. « Upon thofe Flats. 28o Anne BradJlreeVs Works. By hunger and by cold fo many flain, That of them all the fourth did fcarce remain. Thus winter, Souldiers, and provifions fpent, From hence he then unto Gedrojia went. And thence he marcht into Car-mania, [151 ] And fo at length drew near to Per/ia, Now through thefe goodly Countryes as he paft, Much time in feafts and ryoting did waftej Then vilits Cyrus Sepulchre in's way, Who now obfcure at Pajfagardis lay.' Upon his Monument his Robe " he fpread, And fet his Crown on his fuppofed head. From hence to Babylon, fome time there fpent, He at the lafb to royal Shujhan went; A wedding Feaft to's Nobles then he makes, And Statyra, Darms daughter takes. Her Sifter gives to his Ephejlian dear, That by this match he might be yet more near; He fourfcore Perjian Ladies alfo gave, At this fame time unto his Captains brave : Six thoufand guefts unto this Feaft invites, Whofe Sences all were glutted with delights. It far exceeds my mean abilities To ftiadow forth thefe ftiort felicities. Spectators here could fcarce relate the ftory, They were fo rapt-'' with this external glory; If an Ideal Paradife a man would frame, He might this Feaft imagine by the fame; " Robes. > wrapt. The Four Monarchies. 281 To every guefs ^ a cup of gold he fends, So after many dayes the Banquet ends. Now Alexanders conquefts all are done, And his long Travails '' paft and overgone ; His virtues dead, buried, and quite" forgot, But vice remains to his Eternal blot. 'Mongft thofe that of his cruelty did taft, [152] Philotus was not leaft, nor yet the laft, Accus'd becaufe he did not certifie The King of treafon and confpiracy: Upon fufpition being apprehended, Nothing was prov'd ' wherein he had offended But filence, which " was of fuch confequence, He was judg'd guilty of the fame offence," But for his fathers great deferts the King His royal pardon gave for this foul ™ thing. Yet is Phylotas unto judgment brought, Muft fuffer, not for what is prov'd,-^ but thought. His mafler is accufer, judge and King, Who to the height doth aggravate each thing, Inveighs againft his father now abfent, And's brethren who for him their lives had fpent. But Philotas his unpardonable crime, No^ merit could obliterate, or time: He did the Oracle of yove" deride, By which his Majefty was diefi'd. ? Gueft. »" travells. ■> all. * found. » guilt. V His death deferv'd, for this fo high offence. «- fame. ^ what lie did. y Which no. * lupiter. 36 282 Aline Bradjireef s Works. Phi Iotas thus o'recharg'd with wrong and grief Sunk in defpair without hope of Relief, Fain would have fpoke and made his own defence, The King would give no ear, but went from thence To his malicious Foes delivers him. To wreak their fpight and hate on ever}- limb. Philotas after him fends out this cry, O Alexander, thy free clemency My foes exceeds in malice, and their hate Thy kingly word can eafily terminate. Such torments great as wit could worft" invent, [153 J Or flefh and life could bear, till both were fpent Were now infli6ted on Paniiento''s fon He might ^ accufe himfelf, as they had done, At laft he did, fo they were juftifi'd. And told the world, that for his guilt" he di'd. But how thefe Captains fhould, or yet their mafler Look on Parmenio, after this difafter They knew not, wherefore beft now to be done, Was to difpatch the father as the fon. This found advice at heart pleas'd Alexander, Who was fo much ingag'd to this Commander, As he would ne're confefs, nor yet'' reward. Nor could his Captains bear fo great regard : Wherefore at once, all thefe to fatisfie. It was decreed Parmenio fhould dye: Polidamus, who feem'd Parmenio''?, friend To do this deed they into Media fend: " firft. t For to. c for defert. 'i could. The Four Monarchies. 283 He walking in his garden to and fro, Fearing^ no harm, becaufe he none did doe,-^ Moft wickedly was flain without leaft crime, (The moft renowned captain of his time) This is Parmenio who fo much had done For Philif) dead, and his furviving fon. Who from a petty King of Macedon By him was fet upon the Perjian throne. This that Parmenio who ftill overcame. Yet gave his Mafter the immortal fame, Who for his prudence, valour, care and truft Had this reward, moft cruel and unjuft. The next, who in untimely death had part, Li54j Was one of more efteem, but lefs defert;* Clitus belov'd next to Ephejiian, And in his cups his chief companion; When both were drunk, Clihis was wont to jeer, Alexander X.O rage, to kill, and fwear; Nothing more pleafing to mad Clitus tongue, Then's Mafters Godhead to defie and wrong; Nothing toucht Alexander to the quick. Like this againft his Diety to kick: Both at a Feaft when they had tippled well, '^ Upon this dangerous Theam fond Clitus fell; From jeft to earneft, and at laft fo bold, That of Parnienio''s death him plainly told. Which Alexanders wrath incens'd fo high. Nought but his life for this could fatisfie; e Thinking. / owe. f defart. h Upon a time, when both had drunken well, 284 Anne Bradjireef s Works. From one flood by he fnatcht a partizan, And in a rage him through the body ran/ Next day he tore his face for what he'd done, And would have flain himfelf for Clitus gone: This pot Companion he did more bemoan, Then all the wrongs to brave Parmenio done. The next of worth that fuftered after thefe. Was learned, virtuous, wife Calijihenes, Who lov'd his Mafter more then did the reft. As did appear, in flattering him the leafl; In his efteem a God he could not be, Nor would adore him for a Diety: For this alone and for no other caufe, Againft his Sovereign, or againft his Laws, He on the Rack his Limbs in pieces rent, [^55] Thus was he tortnr'd till his life was fpent. Of this unkingly a6t^ doth Seneca This cenfure pafs, and not unwifely fay. Of Alexander this th' eternal crime. Which fhall not be obliterate by time. Which virtues fame can ne're redeem by far, Nor all felicity of his in war. When e're 'tis faid he thoufand thoufands flew. Yea, and Calijlhenes to death he drew. The mighty Perjian King he overcame. Yea, and he kill'd Calijlthenes of fame.'^ '■ Instead of this and the three preceding lines, the first edition has, — Alexander now no longer could containe. But inftantly commands him to be flaine ; ' deed. ^b y name. The Four Monarchies. 285 All Countryes, Kingdomes, Provinces, he wan From HeUifpont, to th' fartheft Ocean. All this he did, who knows' not to be true? But yet withal, Catijlhenes he flew. From Macedon, his Empire did extend Unto the utmoft' bounds o'' th' orient: All this he did, 3'ea, and much more, 'tis true, But yet withal, Catijlhenes he flew. Now Alexander goes to Media, Finds there the want of wife Parmenio; Here his chief favourite Ephejlian dies. He celebrates his mournful obfequies:'" Hangs his Phyfitian, the Reafon why He fuffered, his friend Ephejlian dye." This afb (me-thinks) his Godhead fhould a fliame. To punifh where himfelf deferved blame; Or of neceflity he muft imply, The other was the greatefl; Diety. The Mules and Horfes are for forrow fliorne, [156] The battlements from off the walls are torne. Of ftately Ecbatane who now muft fhew, A rueful face in this fo general woe; Twelve thoufand Talents alfo did intend, Upon a fumptuous monument to fpend: I furtheft. m After this the first edition has, — For him ereifts a ftately Monument, Twelve thoufand Tallents on it franckly fpent ; « Becaufe he let Ephejiion to dye. 286 Anne B ra dJireeV s Works. What e're he did, or thought not fo content, His meffenger to Jjipiter he fent, That by his leave his friend Ep/iejiion, Among the Demy Gods they might inthrone." From Media to Babylon he went, To meet him there t' Antipater he'd fent, That he might a6l alfo^ upon the Stage, And in a Tragedy there end his age. The Queen Olimpias bears him deadly hate, Not fufFering her to meddle with the State, And by her Letters did her Son incite. This great indignity he fhould '' requite; His doing fo, no whit difpleaf 'd the King, Though to his Mother he difprov'd the thing. But now Antipater had liv'd fo long. He might well dye though he had done no wrong; His fervice great is fuddenly forgot, Or if remembred, yet regarded not: The King doth intimate 'twas his intent. His honours and his riches to augment; Of larger Provinces the rule to give, And for his Counfel near the King to live. So to be caught, Antipater'' s too wife, Parmenid's death's too frefh before his eyes; He was too fubtil for his crafty foe. [^57] Nor by his baits could be infnared fo: But his excufe with humble thanks he fends, His Age and journy long he then pretends; " This and the nine preceding lines are not in the first edition. p might next now aft. g for to. Th e Fo u r Mo n a rch ies. 287 And pardon craves for his unwilling ftay, He ftiews his grief, he's forc'd to difobey. Before his Anfwer came to Babylon, The thread of Alexanders life was fpun; Poyfon had put an end to's dayes ('twas thought) By Philip and Caffander to him brought, Sons to Antipater, and bearers of his Cup, Left of fuch like their Father chance to fup; By others thought, and that more generally, That through exceffive drinking he did d3'e : The thirty third of's Age do all agree, This Conquerour did yield to deftiny. When this fad news came to Darius Mother, She laid it more to heart, then any other. Nor meat, nor drink, nor comfort would fhe take, But pin d in grief till life did her forfake; All friends fhe fhuns, yea, banifhed the light. Till death inwrapt her in perpetual night/ This Monarchs fame' muft laftwhilft world doth'ftand, And Conquefts be talkt of whileft there is land; His Princely qualities had he retain'd, Unparalled for ever had remain'd. But with the world his virtues overcame. And fo with black beclouded, all his fame; Wife Arijlotle Tutor to his youth. Had fo inftrufted him in moral Truth: The principles of what he then had learn'd [158] Might to the laft (when fober) be difcern'd. »- This and the five preceding lines are not in the first edition. s Whole famous Afts. * fliall. 288 Anne Bradji reefs Works. Learning and learned men he much regarded, And curious Artift" evermore rewarded: The IlHads of Homer he ftill kept. And under's pillow laid them when he flept. Achilles happinefs he did envy, 'Caufe Homer kept his adls to memory. Profufely bountifull without defert, For fuch as " pleas'd him had both wealth and heart Cruel by nature and by cuftome too, As oft his a6ls throughout his reign doth fhew; Ambitious fo, that nought could fatiffie,'" Vain, thirfting after immortality, Still fearing that his name might hap to dye. And fame not laft unto eternity. This Conqueror did oft lament (tis faid) There were no more worlds to be conquered. This folly great Augujlus did deride, For had he had but wifdome to his pride, He would had found enough there to be done, To govern that he had already won. His thoughts are perifht, he afpires no more, Nor can he kill or fave as heretofore. A God alive, him all muft Idolize, Now like a mortal helplefs man he lyes. Of all thofe Kingdomes large which he had got, To his Pofterity remain'd no jot; For by that hand which ftill revengeth bloud, None of his kindred, nor his race long ftood." " Artifts. ■" thole that. w More boundles in ambition then the flcie, The Four Monarchies. 289 But as he took delight much bloud to fpill, [159] So the fame cup to his, did others fill. Fo\ir of his Captains now do all divide, As Daniel before had prophyli'd. The Leopard down, the-" four wings 'gan to rife, The great horn broke, the lefs did tyranize.* What troubles and contentions did enfue We may hereafter fhew in feafon due. ^j^^-^^-^- AridcBus. /^"^REAT Alexander &&^di, his Armyes left, ^^ Like to that Giant of his Eye bereft; When of his monftrous bulk it was the guide. His matchlefs force no creature could abide. But by Uliffes having loft his fight. All men^ began ftreight to contemn his might; For aiming ftill amifs, his dreadful blows Did harm himfelf, but never reacht his Foes. Now Court and Camp all in confufion be, A King they'l have, but who, none can agree; Each Captain wifiit this prize to bear away, But none fo hardy found as fo durft fay: Great Alexander did leave " IflTue none. Except by Artabafus daughter one; ^ his. * Dan. vii. 6; viii. 8, 22. :'' Each man. z had left. 37 290 Anne Bradji reef s Works. And Roxane fair whom late he married, Was near her time to be delivered. By natures right these had enough to claim, But meanefs of their mothers bar'd the fame, AUedg'd by thofe who by their fubtile Plea Had hope themfelves to bear the Crown away. A Sifter Alexander had, but fhe [^^o] Claim'd not, perhaps, her Sex might hindrance be. After much tumult they at laft proclaim'd His bafe born brother Aridceus nam'd. That fo under his feeble wit and reign, Their ends they might the better ftill attain. This choice Perdiccas vehemently difclaim'd, And Babe unborn of Roxane he proclaim'd ; Some wiftied him to take the ftyle of King, Becaufe his Mafter gave to him his Ring, And had to him ftill fince Ephejiion di'd More then to th' reft his favour teftifi'd. But he refus'd, with feigned modefty, Hoping to be eleft more generally. He hold on this occafion fhould have laid, For fecond offer there was never made. 'Mongft thefe contentions, tumults, jealoufies. Seven dayes the corps of their great mafter lies Untoucht, uncovered flighted and neglefted, So much these princes their own ends refpefted: A Contemplation to aftonifh Kings, That he who late pofleft all earthly things, The Four Monarchies. 291 And yet not fo content unlefs that he Might be efteemed for a Diety; Now lay a Spectacle to teftifie, The wretchednefs of mans mortality. After fome "■ time, when ftirs began to calm, His body did the Egyptians embalme;^ His countenance fo lively did appear, That for a while they dm-ft not come fo near: No lign of poyfon in his intrails found,"" [^^i] But all his bowels coloured, well and found. Perdiccas feeing Arideus muft be King, Under his name began to rule each thinjj. His chief Opponent who Control'd his fway, Was Meleager whom he would take away,*^ And by a wile he got him in his power, So took his life unworthily that hour. Uling the name, and the command of th' King To authorize his afts in every thing. The princes feeing Perdiccas power and pride. For their fecurity did now provide." Antigonus for his fhare AJia takes, And Ptolemy next fure of Egypt makes: Seleucus afterward held Babylon, Antipater had long rul'd Macedon. « this. '5 The next two lines are not in the first edition. c On which, no figne of poyfon could be found, d His chief opponents who kept off the Crown, Was ftiffe Meleager, whom he would take down. e Thought timely for themfelves, now to provide. 292 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Thefe now to govern for the king pretends, But nothing lefs each one himfelf intends. Perdiccas took no province like the reft, But held command of th' Army (which was beft) And had a higher projeft in his head, His Matters lifter fecretly to wed:-^ So to the Lady, covertly^ he fent, (That none might know, to fruftrate his intent) But Cleopatra this Suitor did deny, For Leonatus more lovely in her eye, To whom fhe fent a meffage of her mind. That if he came good welcome he fhould find. In thefe tumultuous dayes the thralled Greeks, Their Ancient Liberty afrefh now feeks. And gladly would the yoke fhake off, laid on"^ [^^2] Sometimes hy' Philip and his conquering fon. The Athenians force Antipater to fly To Lamia where he fhut up doth lye. To brave Craterus^ then he fends with fpeed For fuccours to relieve '' him in his need. The like of Peonatus he requires, (Which at this time well fuited his delires) For to Antipater he now might goe. His Lady take in th' way, and no man know. Antipliilus the Athenian General With fpeed his Army' doth together call; / Which was his Mafters fifter for to wed : -f fecretly. /« 6hakes oft the yoke, fometimes before laid on. i By warlike. J Craterus. k To come and to releafe. I forces. The Four Monarchies. 293 And Leonatus feeks to flop/" that fo He joyne not with Anti-pater their " foe. The Athenian Army was the greater far, (Which did his Match with Cleopatra mar) For fighting ftill, while there did hope remain The valiant Chief amidft his foes was flain. 'Mongft all the princes" of great Alexander For perfonage, none like to this Commander. Now to Antipater Crateriis goes, Blockt up in Lamia ftill by his foes, Long marches through Cilicia he makes. And the remains of Leonatus takes: With them and his he into Grecia went, Antipater releas'd from prifonment: After which time the Greeks did never more Aft any thing of worth, as heretofore : But under fervitude their necks remain'd. Nor former liberty or glory gain'd. Now di'd about the end of th' Lamia7i war [163 J Demojikenes, that fweet-tongue'd Orator,^ Who fear'd Antipater would take his life For animating the Athenian ftrife : To end his dayes by poifon rather chofe Then fall into the hands of mortal foes. Craterus and Antipater now joyne, In love and in affinity combine, 'K Striving to ftop Leonatus., « that. " Captains. p The next four lines are not in the first edition. 294 Anne B radji reef s Works. Craterus doth his daughter Phila '' wed Their friendlliip might the more be ftrengthened. Whilft they in Macedoii do thus agree, In AJia they all afunder be. Perdiccas griev'd to fee the princes bold So many Kingdomes in their power to hold, Yet to regain them, how he did not know, His ^ fouldiers 'gainft thofe captains would not goe To fuffer them go on as they begun, Was to give way himfelf might be undone. With Antipater to joyne he fometimes thought. That by his help, the reft might low be brought, But this again diflikes; he would remain. If not in ftile,' in deed a foveraign;" (For all the princes of great Alexander Acknowledged for Chief that old Commander) Defires the King to goe to Macedon, Which once was of his Anceftors the throne, And by his prefence there to nuUifie The afts of his Vice-Roy " now grown fo high. Antigonus of treafon firft attaints, And fummons him to anfwer his "* complaints. This he avoids, and fhips himfelf and fon, [164] goes to Antipater and tells what's done. He and CratertiSj both with him do joyne, And 'gainft Perdiccas all their ftrength combine. '- Phifa. s For's. ' word. » The next two lines are not in the first edition. » Vice-royes, i" thele. The Four Monarchies. 295 Brave Ptolemy, to make a fourth then fent To fave himfelf from danger imminent."^ In midft of thefe garboyles, with wondrous ftate His mafters funeral doth celebrate/ In Alexandria his tomb he plac'd, Which eating time hath fcarcely yet defac'd/ Two years and more, fince natures debt he paid, And yet till now at quiet was not laid. Great love did Ptolemy by this a6l gain, And made the fouldiers on his fide remain. Perdiccas hears his foes are alP combin'd, 'Gainft which to goe, is not refolv'd in mind." But firft 'gainft Ptolemy he judg'd was beft,'' Neer'ft unto him, and fartheft from the reft, Leaves Eum.enes the AJian Coaft to free From the invafions of the other three. And with his army unto " Egypt goes Brave Ptolemy to th' utmoft to oppofe. Perdiccas furly cariage, and his pride Did alinate the fouldiers from his fide. But Ptolemy by affability His fweet demeanour and his courtefie, Did make his own, firm to his caufe remain. And from the other fide did dayly gain. X dangers eminent; y At Alexandria, in yjBgypt Land, His fumptuous monument long time did (land ; z now. '^ is troubled in his minde ; i With Ptolomy for to begin was beft. ' into. 296 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Perdiccas in his pride did ill intreat Python of haughty mind, and courage great. Who could not brook fo great indignity, [^^5] But of his wrongs his friends doth certifie; The fouldiers 'gainft Perdiccas they incenfe. Who vow to make this captain recompence, And in a rage they rufh into his tent,"' Knock out his brains: to Ptolemy then went And offer him his honours, and his place, With ftile of the Protestor, him to grace." Next day into the camp came Ptolejny, And is receiv'd of all moft joyfully. Their proffers he refus'd with modefty. Yields them to Python for his courtefie.-^ With what he held he was now more-^ content, Then by more trouble to grow eminent. Now comes there news of a great victory That Eumenes got of the other three. Had it but in Verdiccas life ariv'd, With greater joy it would have been receiv'd. Thus Vtolemy rich Egypt did retain, And Vython turn'd to AJia again. Whilft Verdiccas encamp'd '^ in Affrica, Antigonus did enter AJia, d Instead of this and the six preceding lines, the first edition has, — Pit/ion, next Perdicas, a Captaine high, Being entreated by him fcornfully. Some of the Souldiers enters Perdica's tent, e would him grace; f Confers them Pithon on, for's courtefie ; g well. ■* thus ftaid. The Four Monarchies. 297 And fain would Eumenes draw to their fide, But he alone moft ' faithfuU did abide: The other all had Kingdomes in their eye, But he was true to's maflers family, Nor could Craterus, whom he much did love. From his fidelity once make him move: Two Battles fought, and had of both the beft,-'' And brave Craterus flew among the reft; For this fad* ftrife he poures out his complaints, [166] And his beloved foe full fore laments. I fhould but fnip a ftory into bits' And his great Afts and glory much eclipfe. To fhew the dangers Eumenes befel,"" His ftratagems wherein he did excel: His Policies, how he did extricate Himfelf from out of Lab'rinths intricate : " He that at large would fatiffie his mind. In Plutarchs Lives his hiftory may find. For all that fhould be faid, let this fuffice, He was both valiant, faithfull, patient, wife. Python now cliofe Protestor of the ftate, His rule Queen Euridice begins to hate. Sees" Arrideus muft not King it long, If once young Alexander grow more flrong, i now. J Two battells now he fought, and had the beft, * great. I verfe. m And much eclipfe his glorj to rehearfe The difficulties Eumenes befell, " The next two lines are not in the first edition. " Perceives. 38 298 Anne Bradjireefs Works. But that her hufband ferve for fupplement, To warm his-^ feat, was never her intent. She knew her birth-right gave her Macedon, Grand-child to him who once fat on that throne Who was Perdiccas, Philips eldeft «' brother, She daughter to his fon, who had no other/ Pythons commands,-" as oft fhe countermands; What he appoints, fhe purpofely withflands. He wearied out at laft would needs be gone, Refign'd his place, and fo let all alone: In's room ' the fouldiers chofe A7ttipater, Who vext the Queen more then the other far." From Macedon to Afia he came. That he might fettle matters in the fame. He plac'd, difplac'd, control'd rul'd as he lift, [167] And this no man durft queftion or refift; For all the nobles of King" Alexander Their bonnets vail'd to him as chief Commander. > the. q elder. ^ After this the first edition has, — Her mother Cyna fifter to Alexander., Who had an Armj', like a great Commander. Ceria the Phrigiati Queen for to withftand, And in a Battell flew her hand to hand ; Her Daughter fhe inflrudted in that Art, Which made her now begin to play her part; •J She ever. / ftead. » The next two lines are not in the first edition. ■" Princes of great. The Four Monarchies. 299 When to his pleafure all things they had done, The King and Queen he takes to Macedon,'^ Two fons of Alexander, and the reft, All to be order'd there as he thought beft. The Army to Antigomis doth leave, And Goverment of Afia to him gave. And thus Antipater the ground-work layes. On which Antigomis his height doth raife. Who in few years, the reft fo overtops. For univerfal Monarchy he hopes. With Eumeites he diverfe Battels fought, And by his flights to circumvent him fought: But vain it was to ufe his policy, 'Gainft him that all deceits could fcan and try. ] In this Epitome too long to tell How finely "^ Eumenes did here excell. And by the felf fame Traps the other laid. He to his coft was righteoufly repaid.-' But while thefe Chieftains doe in Afla fight. To Greece and Macedon lets turn our fight. When great Antipater the world muft leave, His place to PolifpercJion did bequeath,'' Fearing his fon CaJ/ander was unftaid. Too rafh " to bear that charge, if on him laid. w Acknowledged for chief, this old Commandei- : After a while, to Macedon he makes ; The King, and Queen, along with him he takes. X neatly. y The next two lines are not in the first edition. : Now great Antipater, the world doth leave To Polifperchon, then his place he gave, « young. 300 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. Antip-onus hearinof of his deceafe On moft part of AJfyria doth feize. And Ptolemy next to incroach begins, [i68] All Syria and Phenicia he wins, Then Polifperchon 'gins to aft in's place, Recalls Olimpias the Court to grace. Antipater had banifh'd her from thence Into Epire for her great turbulence ; This new Proteftor's of another mind, Thinks by her Majefty much help to find. Cajfander like his Father could not fee. This Polifperchons great ability, Slights his Commands, his aftions he difclaims. And to be chief* himfelf now bends his aims; Such as his- Father had advanc'd to place, Or by his favours any way had grac'd Are now at the devotion of the Son, Preft to accomplifh what he would have done; Befides he was the young Queens favourite. On whom (t'was thought) Ihe fet her chief delight: Unto thefe helps at home ' he feeks out more, Goes to Antigomis and doth implore, By all the Bonds 'twixt him and's Father paft. And for that great gift which he gave him laft. By thefe and all to grant him fome fupply. To take down 'Polifperchon grown lb high ; For this Antigonus did need no fpurs. Hoping to gain yet more by thefe new ftirs, ''' great. c in Greece, The Four Monarchies. 301 Straight furnifh'd him with a fufficient aid/ And fo he quick returns thus well appaid, With Ships at Sea, an Army for the Land, His proud opponent hopes foon to withftand. But in his abfence Volifperchon takes [169] Such friends away as for his Intereft makes By death, by prifon, or by banifliment. That no fupply by thefe here might be lent, Caffander with his Hoft to Grecia goes, Whom Polifperchon labours to oppofe; But beaten was at Sea, and foil'd at Land, Caffanders forces had the upper hand, Athens with many To"wns in Greece befide. Firm (for his Fathers fake) to him abide/ Whil'ft hot in wars thefe two in Greece remain, Antigonus doth all in AJia gain; Still labours Eumenes, would-^ with him fide. But all in vain,-^ he faithful did abide : Nor Mother could, nor Sons of Alexander, Put truft in any but in this Commander. d Instead of the next seven lines, the first edition has, — Caffander for return all fpeed now made : PoliJ-perchon , knowing he did relje Upon thofe friends, his father rais'd on high, Thofe abfent, banifhed, or elfe he ilew All fuch as he fufpeAed to him true. ■? But had the worft at Sea, as well as Land, And his opponent ftill got upper hand, Athens, with manj Townes in Greece befides, Firme to CaJJander at this time abides : / might. e But to the laft. 302 Anne Brad/ireet^s Works. The great ones now began to fhew their mind, And aft as opportunity they find. Ar'idcsus the fcorn'd and fimple King, More then he bidden was could aft no thing. Volifperchon for office hoping long. Thinks to inthrone the Prince when riper grown; Euridicc this injury difdains. And to CaJ/andar of this wrong complains. Hateful the name and houfe of Alexandei^, Was to this proud vindicative Caffander; He ftill kept lockt'' within his memory. His Fathers danger, with his Family; Nor thought' he that indignity was^ fmall. When Alexander knockt his head to th' wall. Thefe with his love unto the amorous Qiieen, [17°] Did make him vow her fervant to be feen. Olititpias, AridcEus deadly hates. As all her Husbands, Children by his mates. She gave him poyfon formerly ('tis thought) Which damage both to mind and body brought; She now with Polifperchon doth combine, To make the King by force his Seat refigne: And her young grand-child in his State inthrone,* That under him, fhe might rule, all alone. For aid fhe goes t' Epire among her friends, The better to accomplifh thefe her ends; Euridice hearing what fhe intends. In hafte unto her friend ' Cajfander fends, /' frefli. i counts. i but. k Nephew in his ftead t' inthrone, I deare. The Four Alon archies. 303 To leave his fiege at Tegea"' and with fpeed, To fave the King and her in this their need: " Then by intreaties, promifes and Coyne, Some forces did procure with her to joyn. Olinipias foon" enters Macedon, The Queen to meet her bravely marches on, But when her Souldiers faw their ancient Queen, Calling to mind^ "what fometime (he had been; The wife and Mother of their famous Kings, Nor darts, nor arrows, now none fhoots or flings/ The King and Queen feeing their defl:iny. To fave their lives t' Amphipolis do fly; But the old Queen purfues them with her hate, And needs will have their lives as well as State: The King by extream torments had his end. And to the Queen thefe prefents fhe did fend; A Halter, cup of poyfon, and a Sword, [17^] Bids chufe her death, fuch kindnefs fbe'l afford. The Queen with many a curfe, and bitter check. At length yields to the Halter her fair neck; Praying that fatal day might quickly hafte, On which Olimpias of the like might tafte. This done the cruel Queen refts not content, 'Gainfl: all that lov'd CaJ/ander fhe was bent; '' m Tagra. " To come and fuccour her, in this great need ; o now. i> Remembring. g Instead of the next four lines, the first edition has, — The King, and Queen, to AmphifoUs doe fly. But foone are brought into captivity; '- Till all that lov'd Cajfander was nigh fpent ; 304 Aline Bradjireefs Works. His Brethren, Kinsfolk and his chiefeft friends, That fell " within her reach came to their ends : Dig'd up his brother dead, 'gainft natures right, And threw his bones about to fhew her fpight: The Courtiers wondring at her furious mind, Wifht in Epire fhe had been ftill confin'd. In Peloponefus then Cajfander lay. Where hearing of this news he fpeeds away, With rage, and with revenge he's hurried on. To find this cruel' Queen in Macedon; But being ftopt, at ftreight Tkermopoly, Sea paffage gets, and lands in Theffaly: His Army he divides, fends poft" a"way, Polifperchon to hold a while in play; And with the reft Olimpias purfues. For all her cruelty, to give her dues. She with the chief" o' th' Court to Pydna flyes, Well fortifi'd, (and on the Sea it lyes) There by Cajfander fhe's blockt up fo long, Untill the Famine grows exceeding ftrong, Her Couzen of Epire did what he might. To raife the Siege, and put her Foes to flight. Cajfander is refolved there to remain, [^V^J So fuccours and endeavours proves but vain; Fain would this wretched Queen "" capitulate, Her foe would give no Ear,-* (fuch is his hate) s were. ' So goes to finde this. « part. » flow'r. ™ would flie come now to. J4 Cajfander will not heare, The Four Monarchies. 305 The Souldiers pinched with this fcarcity, By Health unto Cajfander dayly fly ; Olimpias means to hold out-^ to the laft. Expecting nothing but of death to taft; But his occafions calling him away/ Gives promife for her life, fo wins the da}^ No fooner had he got her in his hand, But made in judgement her accufers ftand; And plead the blood of friends and kindreds'' fpilt, Defiring juftice might be done for guilt; And fo was he acquitted of his word, For juftice fake fhe being put to th' Sword: This was the end of this moft cruel Queen, Whofe fury fcarcely parallel'd * hath been. The daughter, fifter. Mother, Wife to Kings, But Royalty no good conditions brings;^ To Husbands death ('tis "^ thought) fhe gave confent. The murtherer'^ fhe did fo much lament: With Garlands crown'd his head, bemoan'd his fates. His Sword unto Apollo confecrates. Her Outrages too tedious to relate. How for no caufe but her inveterate hate; Her Husbands wives-^ and Children after's death, Some flew, fome fry'd, of others ftopt the breath : y wills to keep it, ^ But he unwilling longer there to ftay, <■ Antigonus, then takes. i let go. The Four Monarchies. 307 All Perjia now Antig07ius doth gain/' And Mafter of the Treafure Ible remain:^ Then with Seleucus ftreight at odds doth fall, And he for aid to Ptolomy doth call, The Princes all begin now to envy Antigonus^ he growing up fo high; Fearing his force,* and what might hap e're long, ' 174J Enters into a Combination ftrong, Seleucus, Piolemy, Cajfander joynes, Lyjitnachus to make a fourth combines: Antigonus delirous of the Greeks^ To make Cajfander odious to them feeks. Sends forth his declarations near and far,'^ And clears w^hat caufe he had to make this war,'" CaJ/anders outrages at large doth tell, Shews his ambitious praftifes as well." The mother of their King to death he'd put, His wife and fon in prifon clofe had fhut: And aiming now to make himfelf a king. And that fome title he might feem to bring, Theffalonica he had newly wed, Daughter to Philip their renowned head : Had built and call'd a City by his name. Which none e're did, but thofe of royal fame: i So Eumenes of deftinj muft tafte. Antigonus, all Perjta now gains, ;■ he remains ; '^ their ftate, ' declaration from a farre, m And fhews what caufe thej had to take up warre. « This and the preceding line are not in the first edition. 3o8 Aline B radji rceV s Works. And in defpight of their two famous Kings Hatefull Oliiithians to Greece rebrings. Rebellious Thebes he had reedified, Which their late King in duft had damnified, Requires them therefore to take up their arms And to requite this traitor for these harms. Then Vtolcmy would gain the Greeks likewife, And he declares the others injuryes : " Firft how he held the Empire in his hands, Seleuc2is driven'* from Goverment and lands. The ^ valiant Eumenes unjuftly flain. And Lord of royal ShuJ/ian'' did remain; Therefore requefts ' their help to take him down [175] Before he wear the univerfal Crown. Thefe princes at the fea foon had a fight. Where great Antigonus was put to flight: ' His fon at Gaza likewife loft the field, So Syria to Ptolemy did yield: And Seleucus recovers Babylon, Still gaining Countryes eaftward he goes on. Demetrius with " Ptolemy did fight. And coming unawares, put him to flight; But bravely fends the prifoners back again. With all the fpoyle and booty he " had tane. " For he declares againll his injuries; p drove. q Had. '- o' th' City StiJJia. s So therefore craves. i Aniiffonus at Sea foone had a fight, Where Ptolomy, and the reft put him to flight; « againe with. v they. The Four Monarchies. 309 Courteous '^ as noble Ptolemy, or more, Who at Gaza did the like to him before. Antigonus did much rejoyce, his fon With vidlory, his loft repute had won. At laft thefe princes tired out with warrs, Sought for a peace, and laid afide their jarrs : The terms of their agreement, thus exprefs That each fhould hold what noAv he did poffefs. Till Alexander unto age was grown, Who then fhould be enftalled in the throne. This toucht Cajfander. fore for what he'd done, Imprifoning both the mother and the' fon: He fees the Greeks now favour their young Prince Whom he in durance held, now, and long fince. That in few years he muft be forc'd or glad. To render up fuch Kingdomes as he had; Refolves to quit his fears by one deed done. So puts-' to death the Mother and her Son. This Roxane for her beauty all commend, [176] But for one aft fhe did, juft was her end. No fooner was great Alexander dead, But fhe Darius daughters murthered. Both thrown into a well to hide her blot, Verdiccas was her Partner in this plot. The heavens feem'd flow in paying her the fame; But at the laft the hand of vengeance came. And for that double faft which fhe had done, The life of her muft goe, and of her fon ■w Curtius, ^ her. y And put. 3IO Anne Bradji reefs Works. Verdiccas had before for his amifs, But by their hands who thought not once of this. Cajfanders deed the princes do' deteft, But 'twas in fhew; in heart it pleas'd them beft. That he is odious to the world, they'r glad : And now they were free Lords of what they had. When this foul tragedy was paft and done, Volyfperchon brings the" other fon Call'd Hercules, and elder then his brother, (But Olimpias would * prefer the other) The Greeks toucht with the murther done of late. This Orphan prince 'gan " to compaffionate, Begin to mutter much 'gainft proud Ca//aitder, And place their hopes on th' heir of Alexander. Cajfander fear'd "what might of this enfue, So Polifperchon to his counfel drew, And gives Veloponefus for his hire,'' Who flew the prince according to delire. Thus was the race and houfe of Alexander Extinft by this inhumane wretch Caffander. Anligonus, for all this doth not mourn, [^77] He knows to's profit, this at laft^ will turn, But that fome Title now he might pretend. To Cleopatra doth for marriage fend; Lyjimachus and Ptolemy the fame. And lewd^ Caffander too, flicks not for fhame: She then in Lydia at Sardis lay. Where by EmbafTage all thefe Princes pray. z all. " up the. * thought to. c This Prince began for. d Gives Peloponefus unto him for hire, c all i'th end. / vile. The Fotir Monarchies. 3 1 1 Choice above all, of Ptolemy fhe makes, With his Embaffador her journ}' takes ; Antigonus Lieutenant ftayes her ftill, Until! he further know his Matters will: Antigonus now had a Wolf by th' Ears, To hold her ftill, or let her go he fears. Refolves at laft the Princefs fhould be flain. So hinders him of her, he could not gain; Her women are appointed for this deed, They for their great reward no better fpeed: For by command, they ftreight were put to death, As vile Confpirators that ftopt-^ her breath. And now he hopes,'' he's order'd all fo well. The world muft needs believe what he doth tell; Thus Philips houfe was quite extinguiftied. Except Cajfanders wife who yet not dead. And by their means who thought of nothing lefs, Then vengeance juft, againft them' to exprefs; Now blood Avas paid with blood for what was done By cruel Father, Mother, cruel Son:^ e took. -^ thinks. i the fame. / After this the first edition has, — Who did ereft their cruelty in guilt, And wronging innocents whofe blood they fpilt, Philip and Olympias both were llain, AridcEus and his Queen bj flaughters ta'ne ; Two other children b^' Olymfii'as kill'd, And Cleopatra's blood, now likewife fpill'd, If Alexander was not poyfoned, Yet in the flower of 's age, he muft lie dead. His wife and fons then flain by this Cajfaiidfr. And's kingdomes rent away by each Commander: 312 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Thus may we hear, and fear, and ever fay, That hand is righteous ftill which doth repay. Thefe Captains now the ftile of Kings do take, \}^'^] For to their Crowns their's ''^ none can Title make;^ Demetrius firft the roj^al ftile affura'd, B}- his Example all the reft prefum'd. Antigonus himfelf to ingratiate, Doth promife liberty to Athens State; With Arms and with provifion ftores them well, The better 'gainft Caffander to rebel. Demetrhis thether goes, is entertain'd Not like a King, but like fome God they feign'd; Moft grofly bafe was their '" great Adulation, Who Incenfe burnt, and offered oblation: Thefe Kings afrefh fall to their wars again, Demetrius of Ptolemy doth gain. 'Twould be an endlefs Story to relate Their feveral Battels and their feveral fate," Their fights by Sea, their viftories by Land, How fome when down, ftraight got the upper hand Antigonus and Seleucus then fight Near Ephefus, each bringing all his ° might. And he that Conquerour Ihall now remain. The Lordfhip of all AJia^ fhall retain; k there's. I Instead of the next seven lines, the first edition has, — Demetrius is firft, that fo afllimes, To do as he, the reft full foon prefumes, To Athens then he goes, is entertain'd, "» this. n The next two lines are not in the first edition. " their. / Of AJia the Lordlliip. The Four Monarchies. 313 This day 'twixt thefe two Kings ^ ends all the ftrife, For here Antis^oniis loft rule and life: Nor to his Son, did e're ' one foot remain Of thofe vaft Kingdomes/ he did fometimes gain. Demetrius with his Troops to Athens fl3'es, Hopes to find fuccours in his iniferies;' But they adoring in profperity, Now fhut their gates in his adverfity: He forely griev'd at this his defperate State [179] Tryes Foes, lith "' friends will not compaflionate. His peace he then with old Seleucus makes, Who his fair daughter Stratonica takes, Antiockus, Seleucus, dear lov'd Son, Is for this frefh young Lady quite " undone; Falls fo extreamly fick, all fear'd his life. Yet durft not fay, he lov'd his Fathers wife, When his difeafe the skill'd™ Phyfitian found. His Fathers mind he wittily did found. Who did no fooner underftand the fame. But willingly refign'd the beautious Dame: Cajfander now muft dye his race is run. And leaves the ill got Kingdomes he had won. Two Sons he left, born of King Philips daughter. Who had an end put to their dayes by flaughter; Which fhould fucceed at variance they fell. The Mother would, the youngeft might -^ excell: q foes. '■ there. ^ Of thofe dominions. t Hoping to find fuccour in miferies. " fince. ■" half. iu skilfull. •* lliould. 40 314 Anne BradJireeVs Works. The eld'ft inrag'd did play the Vipers part, And with his Sword did run her through the heart :^ Rather then Philips race fhould ^ longer live, He whom fhe gave his life her death fhall " give. This by Lyjimactis was '' after flain, Whofe daughter he not long before had ta'ne ; ' Demetrius is call'd in by th' youngeft Son, Againft Lyjimachus who from him won. But he a Kingdome more then's friend did eye, Seaz'd upon that, and flew him traitroufly/ Thus Philips and Caffanders race both " gone, And fo falls out to be extinft in one; And-^though Caffander d'l&A in his bed, [^^o] His Seed to be extirpt, was deftined; For blood, which was decre'd that he fhould fpill. Yet mull his Children pay for Fathers ill; yehu in killing Ahad""?, houfe did well. Yet be aveng'd muft blood of Jezerel. Demetritis thus Cajfander''s, Kingdoms gains, And now in Macedon as King he reigns;'^ Though men and mony both he hath at will. In neither finds content if he fits ftill: That Seleucus holds AJia grievs him fore, Thofe Countryes large his Father got before. y did pierce his mothers heart, ^ child muft. « muft. i foon. c unto wife, lie'd newly ta'n. ids Dam, had never fuch a Gin; Which makes feverer eyes but fcorn thy Story, And modeft Maids, and Wives, blufli at thy glory ; Yet, he's a beetle head, that cann't difcry A world of treafure, in that rubbifh lye ; And doth thy felfe, thy worke, and honour wrong, (O brave Refiner of our BrittiJIi Tongue ;) That fees not learning, valour, and morality, Juftice, friendfliip, and kind hofpitality; Yea, and Divinity within thy Book, Such were prejudicate, and did not look : But to fay truth, thy worth I fhall but ftaine. Thy fame, and praile, is farre beyond my ftraine; * See page 347, line 10, and Introduction. Elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney. 347 That fees not learning, valour and morality, Juftice, friendfhip, and kind hofpitalit}', Yea and Divinity within his book. Such were prejudicate, and did not look. In all Records his name I ever fee Put with an Epithite of dignity, Which ftiews his worth was great, his honour fuch. The love his Counti^y ought him, was as much. Then let none difallow of thefe my flraines Whilft Englifh blood yet runs within my veins. O brave Achilles, I wifh fome Homer would Engrave in Marble, with Characters of gold The valiant feats thou didft on Flanders coaft. Which at this day fair Belgia may boafl. The more I fa}', the more thy worth I ftain. Thy fame and praife is far beyond my ftrain. O Zutphen, Ztitphen that moft fatal City Made famous by thy death, much more the pity: Ah! in his blooming prime death pluckt this rofe E're he was ripe, his thread cut Atropos. Yet great Aiigujlus was content (we know) To be faluted by a filly Crow ; Then let fuch Crowes as I, thy praifes fang, A Crow's a Crow, and Cmfar is a King. O brave Achilles, I wifh fome Homer would Engrave on Marble, in characters of Gold, What famous feats thou didft, on Flanders coaft, Of which, this day, faire Belgia doth boaft. O Zutphoii, Ztitfhon, that moft fatall City, Made famous by thy fall, much more's the pitty; 348 Anne Bradji reefs Works. Thus man is born to dye, and dead is he, Brave Heftor, by the walls of Troy we fee. O who was near thee but did fore repine [205] He refcued not with life that life of thine: But yet impartial Fates this boon did give, Though Sidney di'd his valiant name fhould live: And live it doth in fpight of death through fame. Thus being overcome, he overcame. Where is that envious tongue, but can afford Of this our noble Scipio fome good word. Great Bartas this unto thy praife adds more, In fad fweet verfe, thou didft his death deplore. And Phcenix Spencer doth unto his life. His death prefent in fable to his wife. Stella the fair, whofe ftreams from Conduits fell For the fad lofs of her dear AJlrophel.'^ A.h, in his blooming prime, death pluckt this Rofe, E're he was ripe ; his thred cut Atropos. Thus man is borne to dye, and dead is he, Brave Heiior by the walls of Troy, we fee ; Oh, who was neare thee, but did fore repine ; He refcued not with life, that life of thine, But yet impartiall Death this Boone did give. Though Sidney dy'd, his valiant name iTiould live ; And live it doth, in fpight of death, through fame, Thus being over-come, he over-came. * " Aftrophel. A Paftorall Elegie upon the Death of the moft noble and valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney. Dedicated to the moft beautifuU and vertuous Ladie, the CountefTe of Eflex." Lady Sidney, three years after her husband's death, married the Earl of Essex, Queen Elizabeth's celebrated favorite. Child's Spenser. Boston, 1S55. vol. iv. p. 415. Elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney. 349 Fain would I fliew how he fames paths did tread, But now into fuch Lab'rinths I am lead, With endlefs turnes, the way I find not out, How to perfift my Mufe is more in doubt; Which makes me now with Silvejler confefs, But Sidney'^ Mufe can fing his worthinefs.* Where is that envious tongue, but can afFofd, Of this our noble Scipio fome good word ? Noble Bartas, this to thy praife adds more, In fad, fweet verfe, thou didft his death deplore ; Illuftrious Stella, thou didft thine full well. If thine afpedt was milde to AJirophell ; I feare thou wert a Commet, did portend Such prince as he, his race fliould Ihortly end ; If fuch Stars as thefe, fad prefages be, I wifh no more fuch Blazers we may fee ; But thou art gone, fuch Meteors never laft. And as thy beauty, fo thy name would waft, But that it is record by PJiillps hand, That fuch an omen once was in our land, Princely Philif, rather Alexander, Who wert of honours band, the chief Commander. How could that Stella, fo confine thy will? To wait till Ihe, her influence diftill, 1 rather judg'd thee of his mind that wept. To be within the bounds of one world kept.f But Omfhala, fet Hercules to fpin. And Mars himfelf was ta'n by Venus gin ; Then wonder leffe, if warlike Philip yield When fuch a Hero flioots him out o' th' field, * " Although I knoiv none, but a Sidney's Mufe, Worthy to Jing a Sidney's Worthincjfe : " Dedication to 'An Elegiac Epiftle on the deceafe of Sir William Sidney', by Joshua Sylvester, t See page 288. 35° Anne Bradjlreefs Works. The Mufes aid I crav'd, they had no will To give to their Detraftor any quill, With high difdain, they faid they gave no more, Since Sidney had exhaufted all their ftore. They took from me the Icribling pen I had, (I to be eas'd of fuch a task w^as glad) Yet this preheminence thou haft above, That thine was true, but theirs adult'rate love. Fain would I ihew, how thou fame's path didft tread, But now into fuch Lab'rinths am I led With endlefle turnes, the way I find not out. For to perfift, mj mufe is more in doubt : Calls me ambitious fool, that durft afpire. Enough for me to look, and fo admire. And makes me now with Sylvejler confeffe, But Sydney's, Mufe, can fing his worthinefle. Too late my errour fee, that durft prefume To fix my faltring lines upon his tomb : Which are in worth, as far ftiort of his due, As Vulcati is, of Venus native hue. Goodwill, did make my head-long pen to run, Like unwife Phaeton his ill guided fonne. Till taught to's coft, for his too hafty hand. He left that charge by Phcebus to be man'd : So proudly foolilb I, with Phaeton ftrive. Fame's flaming Chariot for to drive. Till terrour-ftruck for my too weighty charge. I leave't in brief, Apollo do't at large. Apollo laught to patch up what's begun, He bad me drive, and he would hold the Sun ; Better my hap, then was his darlings fate. For dear regard he had of Sydney's ftate. Who in his Deity, had fo deep ftiare. That thofe that name his fame, he needs muft fpare. He promis'd much, but th' mufes had no will. To give to their detractor any quill. Elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney. 351 Then to reveng this wrong, themfelves engage, And drave me from ParnaJ/us in a rage. Then wonder not if I no better fped, Since I the Mufes thus have injured. I penfive for my fault, fate down, and then [206] Errata through their leave, threw me my pen, My Poem to conclude, two lines they deign Which writ, ftie bad return't to them again; So Sidneys fame I leave to Englands Rolls, His bones do lie interr'd in ftately Pauls. His Epitaph. Here lies in fame under this ftone, Philip and Alexander both in one; With high difdain, they faid they gave no more, Since Sydney had exhaufted all their flora, That this contempt it did the more perplex, In being done by one of their own fex; They took from me, the fcribling pen I had, I to be eas'd of fuch a talk was glad. For to revenge his wrong, themfelves ingage, And drave me from Parnajfus in a rage, Not becaufe, fweet Sydney's fame was not dear. But I had blemifli'd theirs, to make 't appear : I penfive for my fault, fat down, and then, Errata, through their leave threw me my pen. For to conclude my poem two lines they daigne. Which writ, the bad return 't to them again. So Sydney'^ fame, I leave to England'^ Rolls, His bones do lie interr'd in ftately Pauls. His Epitaph. Here lies intomb'd in fame, under this Jlone, Philip and Alexander both in one. 352 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Heir to the Mufes, the Son of Mars in Truth, Learning, Valour, Wifdome, all in virtuous youth, His praife is much, this fliall fuffice my pen, That Sidney dy'd 'mong moft renown'd of men. Heire to the Mufes, the Son of Mars in truth. Learning, valour, beauty, all in virtuous youth : His fraife is much, this //lall fufice my pen, That Sidney dy'd the quinteffence of men. In honour of Du Bartas^ 1 6 4 i * \ mong the happy wits this age hath fhown, •^ •*- Great, dear, fweet Bartas thou art matchlefs known; My ravifh'd Eyes and heart with faltering tongue, In humble wfe have vow'd their fervice long. But knowing th' task fo great, & ftrength but finall. Gave o're the work before begun withal. My dazled fight of late review'd thy lines. Where Art, and more then Art, in nature fhines, Refledlion from their beaming Altitude, Did thaw my frozen hearts ingratitude; Which Rayes darting upon fome richer ground, [207] Had caufed flours and fruits foon to abound; But barren I my Dafey here do bring, A homely flour in this my latter Spring, If Summer, or my Autumn age do yield. Flours, fruits, in Garden, Orchard, or in Field, They fliall be confecrated in my Verfe, And proftrate offered at great Bartas Herfe; * For an account of Du Bartas, see Introduction. 45 354 Anne Bradjl reefs Works. My mufe unto a Child I may" compare, Who fees the riches of fome famous Fair, He feeds his Eyes, but underftanding lacks To comprehend the worth of all thofe knacks: The glittering plate and Jewels he admires. The Hats and Fans, the Plumes and Ladies tires, And thoufand times his mazed mind doth wifh Some part (at leaft) of that brave wealth was his. But feeing empty wifhes nought obtain, At night turns to his Mothers cot again, And tells her tales, (his full heart over glad) Of all the glorious lights his E3'es have had: But finds too foon his want of Eloquence, The filly pratler fpeaks no word of fenfe; But feeing utterance fail his great defires, Sits down in filence, deeply he admires: Thus weak brain'd I, reading thy lofty flile. Thy profound learning, viewing other while; Thy Art in natural Philofophy, Thy Saint like mind in grave Divinity; Thy piercing skill in high Aftronomy, And curious infight in Anatomy; Thy Phyfick, mufick and ftate policy, [208] Valour in warr, in peace good husbandry. Sure lib'ral Nature did with Art not fmall. In all the arts make thee moft liberal. A thoufand thoufand times my fenflefs fences Movelefs fland charm'd by thy fweet influences; " J fitly may. In Honour of Du Bart as. 355 More fenflefs then the ftones to Amphions Lute, Mine e}-es are fightlefs, and my tongue is mute, My full aftonifh'd heart doth pant to break, Through grief it wants a faculty to fpeak: Volleyes of praifes could I eccho then, Had I an Angels voice, or Bartas pen: But wifhes can't accomplifh my defire. Pardon if I adore, when I admire. O France thou did'ft in him more glory gain Then in thy Martel^ Pipin, Charlemain, Then in St. L ewes, or thy laft Henry Great, Who tam'd his foes in warrs, in bloud ^ and fweat. Thy fame is fpread as far, I dare be bold, In all the Zones, the tetnp'rate, hot and cold. Their Trophies were but heaps of wounded flain. Thine, the quinteffence of an heroick brain. The oaken Garland ought to deck their brows. Immortal Bayes to thee all men allows. Who in thy tryumphs never won by wrongs, Lead'fi; millions chaind by eyes, by ears, by tongues Oft have I wondred at the hand of heaven. In giving one what would have ferved feven. If e're this golden gift was fhowr'd on any. Thy double portion would have ferved many. Unto each man his riches is affign'd [209] Of Name, of State, of Body and of Mind: Thou hadft thy part of all, but of the laft, O pregnant brain, O comprehenfion vaft: i foes, in bloud, in skarres. 356 Anne BradJlreeV s Works. Thy haughty Stile and rapted wit fublime All ages wondring at, fhall never climb. Thy facred works are not for imitation, But Monuments to future Admiration. Thus Bartas fame fhall lafl while ftarrs do ftand, And whilft there's Air or Fire, or Sea or Land. But leaft mine ignorance fhould do thee wrong, To celebrate thy merits in my Song. I'le leave thy praife to thofe fhall do thee right. Good will, not skill, did caufe me bring my Mite. His Epitaph. Here lyes the Pearle of France, ParnalTus Glory; The World rejoyc''d afs birth, at^s death was forry. Art and Nature joy rUd, by heavens high decree Now fJiew'' d what once they ought, Humanity : And Natures Law, had it been revocable To re/cue him from death, Art had been able. But Nature vanquiJK d Art,fo Bartas dy''d\ But Fame out-living both, he is revived. In Honour of that High and Mighty Princefs [210] Queen Elizabeth OF HAPPY MEMORY." The Proeme. A Lthough great Queen thou now in filence lye Yet thy loud Herald Fame doth to the sky Thy wondrous worth proclaim in every Clime, And fo hath vow'd while there is world or time. So great's thy glory and thine excellence, The found thereof rapts * every humane fence. That men account it no impiety, To fay thou wert a flefhly Diety: Thoufands bring offerings (though out of date) Thy world of honours to accumulate, 'Mongft hundred Hecatombs of roaring verfe, Mine bleating Hands before thy royal Herfe. Thou never didfl nor canft thou now difdain T' accept the tribute of a loyal brain. o of moft happj memory. * ""aps. 358 An fie B radjii'eef s Works. Thy clemency did yerfl efteem as much The acclamations of the poor as rich, Which makes me deem my rudenefs is no wrong, Though I refound thy praifes ' 'mongft the throng. The Poem. [211] No Phoenix pen, nor Spencers poetry, No Speeds * nor Cambdens f learned Hiftory, Elizahs works, warrs, praife, can e're compact. The World's the Theatre where fhe did a6l. No memoryes nor volumes can contain The 'leven'' Olympiads of her happy reign: Who was fo good, fo juft, fo learn'd fo wife. From all the Kings on earth fhe won the prize. c greatneffe. 'i nine. * " THE HISTORIE OF GREAT BRITAINE VNDER THE CON- QVESTS OF THE ROMANS, SAXONS, DANES and NORMANS. Their Originals, Manners, Habits, VVarres, Coines, and Scales : with the Succefsions, Liues, AAs, and liTues of the English Monarchs, from IvLivs C/ESAR, to our mofl gracious Soueraigne, King IAMES." " By lOHN SPEED." London, 1623. t "ANNALES RERVM ANGLICARVM ET HIBERNICARVM, REGNANTE ELIZABETHA, Ad ANNVM SALVTIS M.D.LXXXIX. GviLiELMO Camdeno Avthore. Londini, M.DC.XV." " ANNALES OR, THE HISTORY OF THE MOST RENOWNED and Vidlorious Princeffe ELIZABETH, Late ^ueen of England. Con- tayning all the Important and Remarkable Pa/sages of State, both at Home and Abroad, during her Long and Profferous Reigne. Written in Latin by the learned M'. WILLIAM CAMDEN. Tranjlated into Englljh by R. N. Gent. Together -with divers Additions of the Authors never before ■publifhed. The third Edition." London, 1635. In Honour of ^ueen Elizabeth. 359 Nor fay I more then duly is her due, Millions will teftifie that this is true. She hath wip'd ofF th' afperfion of her Sex, That women wifdome lack to play the Rex: Spatns Monarch, fayes not fo, nor yet his hoft: She taught them better manners, to their coft. The Saliqtie law, in force now had not been. If France had ever hop'd for fuch a Queen. But can you Do6lors now this point difpute, She's Argument enough to make you mute. Since firft the fun did run his nere run race, And earth had once' a year, a new old face. Since time was time, and man unmanly man. Come fhew me fuch a Phoenix if you can / Was ever people better rul'd then hers / Was ever land more happy freed from ftirrs ? Did ever wealth in England more-^ abound? Her viftoryes in forreign Coafts refound. Ships more invincible then Spain's, her foe She wrackt, fhe fackt, flie funk his Armado: Her ftately troops advanc'd to Lisbons wall [212] Don Anthony in's right there to inflall. She frankly helpt, Franks brave diftreffed King, The States united now her fame do fmg. She their Proteftrix was, they well do know Unto our dread Virago, what they owe. Her Nobles facrific'd their noble blood. Nor men nor Coyn flie fpar'd to do them good. <■ twice. f fo. 360 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. The rude untamed IriJJi, ftie did quel, Before her pifbure the proud Tyrone fell.'^ Had ever prince fuch Counfellours as fhe / Her felf Minerva caus'd them fo to be. Such Captains and fuch fouldiers never feen, As were the Subje6ls of our Pallas Queen. Her Sea-men through all ftraights the world did round ; Terra incognita might know the '' found. Her Drake came laden home with Spanifh gold: Her EJfex took Cades, their Herculean Hold : But time would fail me, fo my tongue' would to, To tell of half fhe did, or fhe could doe. Seniiramis to her, is but obfcure. More infam}' then fame, fhe did procure. She built^ her glory but on Babels walls, Worlds wonder for a while, but yet it falls. Fierce Tomris, {Cyrus heads-man) Scythians queen. Had put her harnefs oft', had ftiee but feen Our Amazon in th' Camp of Tilbury,'' Judging all valour and all Majefty Within that Princefs to have relidence. And proftrate yielded to her excellence. Dido firft Foundrefs of proud Carthage walls, [213] (Who living confummates her Funeralls) A great Eliza, but compar'd with ours. How vanifheth her glory, wealth and powers. Profufe, proud Cleopatra, whofe wrong name, Inftead of glory, prov'd her Countryes fhame: g And Tiron bound, before her pidlure fell. * her. (■ wit. / plac'd. k at Tilberry : In Honour of ^ueen Elizabeth. 361 Of her what worth in Storyes to be feen, But that fhe was a rich Egyptian Queen. Zenobya potent ^mprefs of the Eaft, And of all thefe, without compare the beft, Whom none but great Aurelius could quel; Yet for our Queen is no fit Parallel. She was a Phoenix Queen, fo fhall fhe be, Her afhes not reviv'd, more Phoenix fhe. Her perfonal perfedtions, who would tell, Mufl dip his pen in th' Heleconian Well, Which I may not, my pride doth but afpire To read what others write, and fo ' admire. Now fay, have women worth / or have they none ? Or had they fome, but with our Queen is't gone ? Nay Mafculines, you have thus taxt us long. But fhe, though dead, will vindicate our wrong. Let fuch as fay our Sex is void of Reafon, Know tis a Slander now, but once was Treafon. But happy England which had fuch a Qiieen ; Yea"" happy, happy, had thofe dayes ftill been: But happinefs lyes in a higher fphere, Then wonder not Eliza moves not here. Full fraught with honour, riches and with dayes She fet, fhe fet, like Titan in his rayes. No more fhall rife or fet fo" glorious fun [214] Untill the heavens great revolution, If then new things their old forms fhall" retain, Eliza fhall rule Albion once again. / then. »! O. " fuch. " muft. 46 362 Anne Bradflreef s Works. HER EPITAPH. Here Jleeps THE Queen, this is the Royal Bed, Of tK Damask Rofe, fprung from the white and red, Whofe fweet perfume fills the all-filling Air: This Rofe is wither'' d, once fo lovely fair. On neither tree did grow fuch Rofe before, The greater was our gain, our lofs the more. Another. Here lyes the pride of Queens, Pattern of Kings, So blaze it Fame, here' s feathers for thy wings. Here lyes the envied, yet unparalled Prince, Whofe living virtues fpeak, (^though dead long fince) If m,any worlds, as that Fantafiick fram'd. In every ofie be her great glory fam^d.* * This is dated 1643 in the first edition. Davids Lamentation Jor [215] Saul and Jojiathan^ 2. Sam. I. 19. \ Las Haiti is the Head of Ifrael, Illuftrious Saul whofe beauty did excell, Upon thy places mountainous and high, How did the Mighty fall, and falling dye? In Gath let not this things be fpoken on, Nor publifhed in ftreets oi Askalon, Left daughters of the Philiftines rejoyce. Left the uncircumcis'd lift up their voice. O Gilbo Mounts, let never pearled dew, Nor fruitfull fhowres your barren tops beftrew. Nor fields of offrings ever on you grow. Nor any pleafant thing e're may you fhow ; For there the" Mighty Ones did foon decay, The ftiield of Satd was vilely caft away, * This is the last piece but one in the first edition. The last, " Of the vanity of all worldly creatures" is printed on pages 233-235 of the second edition, under the title of " The Vanity of all worldly things.'" All the following poems, with this exception, were published for the first time in the second edition. " For the. 364 Anne Bradji reefs Works. There had his dignity fo fore a foyle, As if his head ne're felt the facred oyle. Sometimes from crimfon, blood of gaftly flain, The bow of yonathan ne're turn'd in vain: Nor from the fat, and fpoils of Mighty men With bloodlefs fword did Saul turn back agen. Pleafant and lovely, were they both in life, [216] And in their death was found no parting flrife. Swifter then fwifteft Eagles fo were they, Stronger then Lions ramping for their prey. O Ifraels Dames, o'reflow your beauteous eyes For valiant Smil who on Mount Gilbo lyes, Who cloathed you in Cloath of richeft Dye, And choice delights, full of variety. On your array put ornaments of gold. Which made you yet more beauteous to behold. O! how in Battle did the mighty fall In midft of ftrength not fuccoured at all. O lovely yonathan\ how waft thou flain.? In places high, full low thou didft remain. Diftreft for thee I am, dear yonathan. Thy love was wonderfull, furpaffing man,* Exceeding all the love that's Feminine, So pleafant haft thou been, dear brother mine. How are the mighty fall'n into decay? And warlike weapons perifhed away? * pafling a man. M M ^ [217] To the Memory of my dear and ever honoured Father Thomas Dudley Efq ; Who decea/ed, ]vi\y 31. 1653. and of his Age, 77. "D Y duty bound, and not by cuftome led -°-^ To celebrate the praifes of the dead, My mournfuU mind, fore preft, in trembling verfe Prefents my Lamentations at his Herfe, Who was my Father, Guide, Inftrudler too, To whom I ought whatever I could doe: Nor is't Relation near my hand fhall tye; For who more caufe to boaft his worth then I ? Who heard or faw, obferv'd or knew him better? Or who alive then I, a greater debtor ? Let malice bite, and envy knaw its fill. He was my Father, and He praife him ftill. Nor was his name, or life lead fo obfcure That pitty might fome Trumpeters procure. Who after death might make him falfly feem Such as in life, no man could juftly deem. Well known and lov'd, where ere he liv'd, by moft Both in his native, and in foreign coaft, 366 Anne Bradjireefs Works. Thefe to the world his merits could make known, So needs no Teftimonial from his own; But now or never I muft pay my Sum; While others tell his worth, Fie not be dumb: One of thy Founders, him Neiv-EnglandVnov^., [218] Who flaid thy feeble fides when thou waft low, Who fpent his ftate, his ftrength, & years with care That After-comers in them might have fhare. True Patriot of this little Commonweal, Who is't can tax thee ought, but for thy zeal ? Truths friend thou wert, to errors ftill a foe, Which caus'd Apoftates to maligne fo. Thy love to true Religion e're fhall fhine, My Fathers God, be God of me and mine. Upon the earth he did not build his neft. But as a Pilgrim, what he had, poffeft. High thoughts he gave no harbour in his heart. Nor honours pufft him up, when he had part: Thofe titles loath'd, which fome too much do love For truly his ambition lay above. His humble mind fo lov'd humility. He left it to his race for Legacy: And oft and oft, with fpeeches mild and wife, Gave his in charge, that Jewel rich to prize. No oftentation feen in all his wayes, As in the mean ones, of our foolifh dayes, Which all they have, and more ftill fet to view, Their greatnefs may be judg'd by what they fhew. To the Memory of her Father. 367 His thoughts were more fublime, his aftions wife, Such vanityes he juftly did defpife. Nor wonder 'twas, low things ne'r much did move For he a Manfion had, prepar'd above. For which he ligh'd and pray'd & long'd full fore He might be cloath'd upon, for evermore. Oft fpake of death, and with a fmiling chear, [219] He did exult his end was drawing near, Now fully ripe, as fhock of wheat that's grown. Death as a Sickle hath him timely mown. And in celeftial Barn hath hous'd him high, ' Where ftorms, nor fhowrs, nor ought can damnific. His Generation ferv'd, his labours ceafe; And to his Fathers gathered is in peace. Ah happy Soul, 'mongft Saints and Angel s bleft. Who after all his toyle, is now at reft: His hoary head in righteoufnefs was found : As joy in heaven on earth let praife refound. Forgotten never be his memory, His bleffing reft on his pofterity: His pious Footfteps followed by his race, At laft will bring us to that happy place Where we with joy each others face ftaall fee. And parted more by death Ihall never be. His Epitaph. Within this Tomb a Patriot lyes That was both pious, juji and -wife, 368 Anne BradJlreeVs Works. To Tmth ajhield, to right a Wall, To Seiiaryes a whip and Maul, A Magazine of Hijiory, A Prizer of good Company In manners pleafant and fever e The Good him lov'd, the bad did fear. And Tvhen his time tvith years ivas fpent If fome rejoydd, more did lament. An EPITAPH [220] On my dear and ever honoured Mother Mrs. Dorothy Dudley^ rjho decea/ed Decemb. 27. 1643. and of her age, 61 ; Here lyes, A Worthy Matron of unfpotted life, A loving' Mother and obedient rvife, A friendly Neighbor, -pitiful to -poor, Whom of t fie fed, and clothed %vith her fore; To Servants 'wifely atveful, but yet kind, And as they did,fo they reward did find: A true Inf ruder of her Family, The which Jhe ordered with dexterity. The publick meetings ever did frequent. And in her Clofet confant hours /lie fpent; Religious in all her words and wayes. Preparing fill for death, till end of dayes: Of all her Children, Children, liv''d to fee. Then dying, left a bleffed memory. 47 wtamiu/^** HMwawMHaa ^^^^k!^i v^^S |K^8|^^ V »^nV*^ ^^Yj'rS^aS fcoo Wi% ^^^ a i'.ffii^^&ii^^^^K y^^L^^ IM ^^^^^^ ^ffBTL-.i iiimffllWMS»wJ«iiiiiMnllffH¥f< i ntnmi^i'/trrk^a ffcditiiMjnL iffiW COJ^TEMPLATIOMS. [221] ^^Ome time now paft in the Autumnal Tide, *^-^ When Phxbics wanted but one hour to bed, The trees all richl}' clad, yet void of pride, Where gilded o're by his rich golden head. Their leaves & fruits feem'd painted, but was true Of green, of red, of yellow, mixed hew. Rapt were my fences at this deleftable view. I wift not what to wifh, yet fure thought I, If fo much excellence abide below; How excellent is he that dwells on high? Whofe power and beauty by his works we know. Sure he is goodnefs, wifdome, glory, light, That hath this under world fo richly dight: More Heaven then Earth was here no winter & no night. Contemplations. 371 3 Then on a ftately Oak I caft mine Eye, Whole ruffling top the Clouds feem'd to afpire; How long lince thou waft in thine Infancy? Thy ftrength, and ftature, more thy years admire, Hath hundred winters paft lince thou waft born I* Or thoufand fince thou brakeft thy fhell of horn, II fo, all thefe as nought, Eternity doth fcorn. 4 [^23] Then higher on the gliftering Sun I gaz'd, Whofe beams was fhaded by the leavie Tree, The more I look'd, the more I grew amaz'd, And foftly faid, what glory's like to thee ? Soul of this world, this Univerfes Eye, No wonder, fome made thee a Deity: Had I not better known, (alas) the fame had I. Thou as a Bridegroom from thy Chamber rufhes. And as a ftrong man, joyes to run a race. The morn doth uflier thee, with fmiles & blufhes, The Earth reflefts her glances in thy face. Birds, infefts, Animals with Vegative, Thy heart from death and dulnefs doth revive; And in the darkfome womb of fruitful nature dive. 372 Amie Bradji reefs Works. Thy fwift Annual, and diurnal Courfe, Th)' daily ftreight, and yearly oblique path, Thy pleafing fervor, and thy fcorching force. All mortals here the feeling knowledg hath. Thy prefence makes it day, th}' abfence night, Qiiaternal Seafons caufed by thy might: Hail Creature, full of fweetnefs, beauty & delight. Art thou fo full of glory, that no Eye Hath ftrength, thy fhining Rayes once to behold ? And is thy fplendid Throne ereft fo high.'' As to approach it, can no earthly mould. How full of glory then muft thy Creator be? Who gave this bright light luller unto thee: Admir'd, ador'd for ever, be that Majefty. 8 [222J Silent alone, where none or faw, or heard. In pathlefs paths I lead my wandring feet. My humble Eyes to lofty Skyes I rear'd To fing fome Song, my mazed Mufe thought meet. My great Creator I would magnifie, That nature had, thus decked liberally: But Ah, and Ah, again, my imbecility! Contemplations. 373 I heard the merry grafhopper then fing, The black clad Cricket, bear a fecond part, They kept one tune, and plaid on the fame ftring, Seeming to glory in their little Art. Shall Creatures abjeft, thus their voices raifeF And in their kind refound their makers praife: Whilft I as mute, can warble forth no higher layes. 10 When prefent times look back to Ages paft. And men in being fancy thofe are dead. It makes things gone perpetually to laft. And calls back moneths and years that long lince fled It makes a man more aged in conceit, Then was Methufelah, or's grand-lire great: While of their perfons & their afts his mind doth treat. II Sometimes in Eden fair, he feems to be, Sees glorious Adam there made Lord of all, Fancyes the Apple, dangle on the Tree, That turn'd his Sovereign to a naked thral. Who like a mifcreant's driven from that place, To get his bread with pain, and fweat of face: A penalty impos'd on his backfliding Race. 374 Anne B radji reef s Works. 11 [224J Here fits our Grandame in retired place, And in her lap, her bloody Cain new born, The weeping Imp oft looks her in the face, Bewails his unknown hap, and fate forlorn; His Mother iighs, to think of Paradife, And how flie loft her blifs, to be more wife, Believing him that -was, and is, Father of lyes. 13 Here Cain and Abel come to facrfiice, Fruits of the Earth, and Fatlings each do bring. On Abels gift the tire defcends from Skies, But no fuch lign on falfe Cain's offering; With fullen hateful looks he goes his wayes. Hath thoufand thoughts to end his brothers dayes. Upon "whofe blood his future good he hopes to raife 14 There Abel keeps his fheep, no ill he thinks. His brother comes, then afts his fratricide. The Virgin Earth, of blood her firft draught drinks But fince that time fhe often hath been cloy'd; The wretch with gaftly face and dreadful mind. Thinks each he fees will ferve him in his kind, Though none on Earth but kindred near then could he find. Conteinf>latio7is. 375 IS Who fancyes not his looks now at the Barr, His face like death, his heart with horror fraught, Nor Male-fa6lor ever felt like warr, When deep difpair, with wifh of life hath fought, Branded with guilt, and crufht with treble woes, A Vagabond to Land of Nod he goes. A City builds, that wals might him fecure from foes. 16 [225] Who thinks not oft upon the Fathers ages. Their long defcent, how nephews fons they faw. The fbarry obfervations of thofe Sages, And how their precepts to their fons were law. How Adam figh'd to fee his Progeny, Cloath'd all in his black finfuU Liver}', Who neither guilt, nor yet the punifhment could fly. 17 Our Life compare we with their length of dayes Who to the tenth of theirs doth now arrive? And though thus fliort, we fl:iorten many wayes. Living fo little while we are alive 5 In eating, drinking, fleeping, vain delight So unawares comes on perpetual night, And puts all pleafures vain unto eternal flight. 376 Aline BradJireeVs Works. 18 When I behold the heavens as in their prime, And then the earth (though old) ftil clad in green, The ftones and trees, infenfible of time, Nor age nor wrinkle on their front are feen; If winter come, and greenefs then do fade, A Spring returns, and they more youthfull made; But Man grows old, lies down, remains where once he's laid. 20 [19] By birth more noble then thofe creatures all. Yet feems by nature and by cuftome curs'd. No fooner born, but grief and care makes fall That ftate obliterate he had at firft: Nor youth, nor flrength, nor wifdom fpring again Nor habitations long their names retain, But in oblivion to the final day remain. 20 [226] Shall I then praife the heavens, the trees, the earth Becaufe their beauty and their fhrength laft longer Shall I wifh there, or never to had birth, Becaufe they're bigger, & their bodyes ftronger? Nay, they fhall darken, perifh, fade and dye, And when unmade, fo ever fhall they lye, But man was made for endlefs immortality. Contemplations. 377 21 Under the cooling fhadow of a ftately Elm Clofe fate I by a goodly Rivers fide, Where gliding ftreams the Rocks did overwhelm; A lonely place, with pleafures dignifi'd. I once that lov'd the fhady woods fo well, Now thought the rivers did the trees excel, And if the fun would ever fhine, there would I dwell. 22 While on the ftealing ftream I fixt mine eye. Which to the long'd for Ocean held it s courfe, I markt, nor crooks, nor rubs that there did lye Could hinder ought, but ftill augment its force: O happy Flood, quoth I, that holds thy race Till thou arrive at thy beloved place, Nor is it rocks or fhoals that can obftruft thy pace 23 Nor is't enough, that thou alone may'ft Hide, But hundred brooks in thy cleer waves do meet, So hand in hand along with thee they glide To Thetis houfe, where all imbrace and greet: Thou Emblem true, of what I count the beft, O could I lead my Rivolets to reft. So may we prefs to that vaft manfion, ever bleft. 378 Amie BradJireeVs Works. 24 [227] Ye Fifli which in this liquid Region 'bide, That for each feafon, have your habitation, Now fait, now frefh where you think beft to glide To unknown coafls to give a vilitation, In Lakes and ponds, you leave your numerous fry, So nature taught, and yet you know not why. You watry folk that know not your felicity. Look how the wantons frisk to taft the air, Then to the colder bottome ftreight they dive, Eftfoon to JVeptun's glaffie Hall repair To fee what trade they great ones there do drive. Who forrage o're the fpacious fea-green field, And take the trembling prey before it yield, Whofe armour is their fcales, their fpreading fins their fhield. 26 While mufing thus with contemplation fed. And thoufand fancies buzzing in my brain. The fweet-tongu'd Philomel percht ore my head. And chanted forth a mofl melodious ftrain Which rapt me fo with wonder and delight, I judg'd my hearing better then my fight, And wifht me wings with her a while to take my flight. Contemplations. 379 28 [27] O merry Bird (faid I) that fears no fnares, That neither toyles nor hoards up in thy barn, Feels no fad thoughts, nor cruciating cares To gain more good, or fhun what might thee harm Thy cloaths ne're wear, thy meat is every where. Thy bed a bough, thy drink the water cleer. Reminds not what is paft, nor whats to come doft fear 28 [228] The dawning morn with fongs thou doft prevent, Sets hundred notes unto thy feathered crew. So each one tunes his pretty inftrument. And warbling out the old, begin anew. And thus they pafs their youth in fummer feafon. Then follow thee into a better Region, where winter's never felt by that fweet airy legion 29 Man at the beft a creature frail and vain. In knowledg ignorant, in ftrength but weak, Subjeft to forrows, loffes, ficknefs, pain. Each ftorm his ftate, his mind, his body break. From fome of thefe he never finds ceffation, But day or night, within, without, vexation. Troubles from foes, from friends, from deareft, near'ft Relation 380 Anne Bradji reefs Works. And yet this finfull creature, frail and vain, This lump of wretchednefs, of fin and forrow. This weather-beaten veffel wrackt with pain, Joyes not in hope of an eternal morrow; Nor all his lofTes, crolTes and vexation, In weight, in frequency and long duration Can make him deeply groan for that divine Tranflation. 31 The Mariner that on fmooth waves doth glide, Sings merrily, and fleers his Barque with eafe, As if he had command of wind and tide. And now become great Matter of the feas; But fuddenly a ftorm fpoiles all the fport, And makes him long for a more quiet port. Which 'gainft all adverfe w^inds may ferve for fort. 32 [229] So he that faileth in this world of pleafure, Feeding on fweets, that never bit of th' fowre. That's full of friends, of honour and of treafure. Fond fool, he takes this earth ev'n for heav'ns bower. But fad affliftion comes & makes him fee Here's neither honour, wealth, nor fafety; Only above is found all with fecurity. The Flejh and the Spirit. 381 O Time the fatal wrack of mortal things, That draws oblivions curtains over kings, Their fumptuous monuments, men know them not. Their names without a Record are forgot, Their parts, their ports, their pomp's all laid in th' duft Nor wit nor gold, nor buildings fcape times ruft; But he whofe name is grav'd in the white ftone * Shall laft and fhine when all of thefe are gone. The Flejli and the Spirit.'^ IN fecret place where once I flood Clofe by the Banks of Lacrini flood I heard two fiflers reafon on Things that are pafl, and things to come; One flefli was call'd, who had her eye On worldly wealth and vanity; The other Spirit, who did rear Her thoughts unto a higher fphere : Sifler, quoth Flefh, what liv'ft thou on Nothing but Meditation? * Rev. ii. 17- ■j- This poem seems to be an expansion of the idea of Saint Paul, of the strife between the Flesh and the Spirit, or the law of the members and the law of the mind. 382 Anne Bradji reefs Works. Doth Contemplation feed thee fo [230] Regardlefly to let earth goe? Can Speculation fatiffy Notion without Reality? Doft dream of things be3'ond the Moon And doft thou hope to dwell there foon? Haft treafures there laid up in ftore That all in th' world thou count'ft but poor? Art fancy fick, or turn'd a Sot To catch at fhadowes which are not? Come, come, He fhew unto thy fence, Induftry hath its recompence. What canft defire, but thou maift fee True fubftance in variety?* Doft honour like I* acquire the fame, As fome to their immortal fame: And trophyes to thy name ere6l Which wearing time ftiall ne're dejeft. For riches doft thou long full fore? Behold enough of precious ftore. Earth hath more lilver, pearls and gold, Then eyes can fee, or hands can hold. Affeft's thou pleafure? take thy fill, Earth hath enough of what you will. Then let not goe, what thou maift find, For things unknown, only in mind. Spir. Be ftill thou unregenerate part, Difturb no more my fetled heart. The Flejh and the Spirit. 383 For I have vow'd, (and fo will doe) Thee as a foe, ftill to purfue. And combate with thee will and muft, [231] Untill I fee thee laid in th' duft. Sifters we are, ye twins we be, Yet deadly feud 'twixt thee and me; For from one father are we not. Thou by old Adam waft begot, But my arife is from above. Whence my dear father I do love. Thou fpeak ft me fair, but hat ft me fore, Thy flatt'ring fhews He truft no more. How oft thy flave, haft thou me made, when I believ'd, what thou haft faid. And never had more caufe of woe Then when I did what thou bad'ft doe. He flop mine ears at thefe thy charms. And count them for my deadly harms. Thy finfull pleafures I doe hate, Thy riches are to me no bait. Thine honours doe, nor will I love; For my ambition lyes above. My greateft honour it fhall be When I am vi6tor over thee. And triumph fhall, with laurel head, When thou my Captive fhalt be led, How I do live, thou need'ft not feoff. For I have meat thou know'ft not off; 384 Anne Bradji reefs Works. The hidden Manna I doe eat, The word of life it is my meat. My thoughts do yield me more content Then can thy hours in pleafure fpent. Nor are they fhadows which I catch, [232] Nor fancies vain at which I fnatch. But reach at things that are fo high, Be5'ond thy dull Capacity; Eternal fubftance I do fee, With which inriched I would be: Mine Eye doth pierce the heavens, and fee What is Invilible to thee. M}' garments are not lilk nor gold. Nor fuch like trafh which Earth doth hold, But Royal Robes I fhall have on, More glorious then the gliftring Sun; My Crown not Diamonds, Pearls, and gold. But fuch as Angels heads infold. The City* where I hope to dwell. There's none on Earth can parallel; The ftately Walls both high and ftrong, Are made of pretious ya/^erftone; The Gates of Pearl, both rich and clear, And Angels are for Porters there; The Streets thereof tranfparent gold, Such as no Eye did e're behold, A Chryftal River there doth run. Which doth proceed from the Lambs Throne: * Rev. xxi. 10-27 ; ^n*! xxii. 1-5. The Fle/k and the Spirit. 385 Of Life, there are the waters fure, Which fliall remain for ever pure, Nor Sun, nor Moon, they have no need, For glory doth from God proceed : No Candle there, nor yet Torch light. For there fhall be no darkfome night. From ficknefs and infirmity, [233] For evermore they fhall be free, Nor withering age fhall e're come there, But beauty fhall be bright and clear; This City pure is not for thee. For things unclean there fhall not be: If I of Heaven may have my fill. Take thou the world, and all that will. 49 The Vanity of all worldly things* A S he faid vanity, fo vain fay I, -^ Oh! vanity, O vain all under Sky; Where is the man can fay, lo I have found On brittle Earth a Confolation found ? What is't in honour to be fet on high ? No, they like Beafts and Sons of men fhall dye: And whil'ft they live, how^ oft doth turn their fate," He's now a captive,* that was King^ of late. What is't in wealth, great Treafures to obtain ? "^ No, that's but labour, anxious care and pain, He heaps up riches, and he heaps up forrow, It's his to day, but who's his heir to morrow? What then ? Content in pleafures canft thou find, More vain then all, that's but to grafp the wind. The fenfual fenfes for a time they pleafe. Mean while the confcience rage, who fhall appeafe? What is't in beauty? No that's but a fnare, [234J They're foul enough to day, that once were fair. What is't in flowring youth, or manly age.^ The firft is prone to vice, the laft to rage. * See note to page 215. c a Prince. « State/' i flave, d for to gain ? The Vanity of all Worldly Thitigs. 387 Where is it then, in wifdom, learning arts? Sure if on earth, it mull be in thofe parts: Yet thefe the wifeft man of men did find But vanity, vexation oP mind. And he that knowes the moft, doth ftill bemoan He knows not all that here is to be known. What is it then, to doe as Stoicks tell, Nor laugh, nor weep, let things go ill or well. Such Stoicks are but Stocks fuch teaching vain. While man is man, he ftiall have eafe or pain. If not in honour, beauty, age nor treafure. Nor yet in learning, wifdome, youth nor pleafure. Where fhall I climb, found, feek fearch or find That Summum Bonum which may ftay my mind? There is a path, no vultures eye hath feen, Where Lion^ fierce, nor lions whelps have been. Which leads unto that living Cryflal Fount, Who drinks thereof, the world doth nought account The depth & fea have faid tis not in me, With pearl and gold, it fhall not valued be. For Saphire, Onix, Topaz who would ^ change: Its hid from eyes of men, they count it fbrange. Death and deftruftion the fame hath heard. But where & what it is, from heaven's decl.ar'd, It brings to honour, which fhall ne're'' decay, It ftores ' with wealth which time can't wear away. It yieldeth pleafures far beyond conceit, [235] And truly beautifies without deceit, ' of the. / lions. K will. '' not. ' fteeres. 388 Anm BradJireeVs Works. Nor llrength, nor wifdome nor frefh youth fhall fade Nor death fhall fee, but are immortal made. This pearl of price, this tree of life, this fpring Who is poffeffed of, Ihall reign a King. Nor change of ftate, nor cares fhall ever fee. But wear his crown unto eternity: This fatiates the Soul, this ftayes the mind, And all the reft, but Vanity we find.-'' i The reft's but vanity, and vain we find. FINIS. The Author to her Book. [236] '' I ^Hou ill-form'd offspring of my feeble brain, -■- Who after birth did'ft by my fide remain, Till fnatcht from thence by friends, lefs wife then true* Who thee abroad, expos'd to publick view, Made thee in raggs, halting to th' prefs to trudg, Where errors were not lelfened (all may judg) At thy return my blulhing was not fmall, My rambling brat (in print) fhould mother call, I call thee by as one unfit for light, Thy Vifage was fo irkfome in my fight; Yet being mine own, at length affeftion would Thy blemifhes amend, if fo I could : I wafh'd thy face, but more defeats I faw, And rubbing off a fpot, ftill made a flaw. I ftretcht thy joynts to make thee even feet, Yet ftill thou run'ft more hobling then is meet* In better drefs to trim thee was my mind. But nought fave home-fpun Cloth, i'th' houfe I find In this array, 'mongft Vulgars mayft thou roam In Criticks hands, beware thou doft not come; * See pages 82-90 and notes. 390 Anne Bradjireefs Works. And take thy way where yet thou art not known, If for thy Father askt, fa}', thou hadft none: And for thy Mother, fhe alas is poor, Which caus'd her thus to fend thee out of door. [237] Several other Poems made by the Author upon Diverfe Occajions, -were found among- her Papers after her Death, -which Jhe ?iever meant Jhould come to -publick view, amongji -which, thefe following {at the defire of fome f 'lends that knew her well^ are here inferted Upon a Fit of Sicknefs, Anno. 1632. y^tatis fucB, 19. 'T^Wice ten years old, not fully told -'- Since nature gave me breath, My race is run, my thread is fpun, lo here is fatal Death. All men muft dye, and fo muft I this cannot be revok'd For Adams fake, this word God fpake when he fo high provok'd. Yet live I fhall, this life's but fmall, in place of higheft blifs, Where I fhall have all I can crave, no life is like to this. For what's this life, but care and ftrife.^ fince firft we came from womb, Our ftrength doth wafte, our time doth haft, and then we go to th' Tomb. 392 Anne BradJireeVs Works. O Bubble blaft, how long can'ft laft? [238] that alwayes art a breaking, No fooner blown, but dead and gone, ev'n as a word that's fpeaking. O whil'fi; I live, this grace me give, I doing good may be, Then deaths arreft I fhall count beft, becaufe it's thy decree; Bellow much coft there's nothing loft, to make Salvation fure, O great's the gain, though got with pain, comes by profeffion pure. The race is run, the field is won, the victory's mine I fee. For ever know, thou envious foe, the foyle belongs to thee. Vpon fome dijiem-per of body. In anguifh of my heart repleat with woes, And wafting pains, which beft my body knows, In tolling flumbers on my wakeful bed, Bedrencht with tears that flow'd from mournful head. Till nature had exhaufted all her flpre. Then eyes lay dry, difabled to weep more; And looking up unto his Throne on high. Who fendeth help to thofe in mifery; He chac'd away thofe clouds, and let me fee My Anchor caft i'th' vale with fafety. Before the Birth of a Child. 393 He eas'd my Soul of woe, my flefh of pain, And brought me to the fhore from troubled Main; Before the Birth of one of her Children. [239] All things within this fading world hath end, Adverfity doth ftill our joyes attend; No tyes fo flrong, no friends fo dear and fweet, But with deaths parting blow is fure to meet. The fentence paft is moft irrevocable, A common thing, yet oh inevitable; How foon, my Dear, death may my fteps attend, How foon't may be thy Lot to lofe thy friend, We both are ignorant, yet love bids me Thefe farewell lines to recommend to thee, That when that knot's unty d that made us one, I may feem thine, who in effeft am none. And if I fee not half my dayes that's due, What nature would, God grant to yours and you; The many faults that well you know I have, Let be interr'd in my oblivions grave; If any worth or virtue were in me, Let that live frefhly in thy memory And when thou feel'ft no grief, as I no harms. Yet love thy dead, who long lay in thine arms : And when thy lofs fhall be repaid with gains Look to my little babes my dear remains. And if thou love thy felf, or loved'ft me Thefe O proteft from ftep Dames injury. so 394 Anne Bradjireefs Works. And if chance to thine eyes fhall bring this verfe, With fome fad fighs honour my abfent Herfe; And kifs this paper for thy loves dear fake, Who with fait tears this laft Farewel did take. A.B. s^^^-S^-fe^i-^^-— To my Dear and loving Husband. [240] TF ever two were one, then furely w^e. -*- If ever man were lov'd by wife, then thee; If ever wife was happy in a man. Compare with me ye w^omen if you can. I prize thy love more then whole Mines of gold. Or all the riches that the Eaft doth hold. My love is fuch that Rivers cannot quench, Nor ought but love from thee, give recompence. Thy love is fuch I can no way repay. The heavens reward thee manifold I pray. Then while we live, in love lets fo perfever. That when we live no more, we may live ever. A Letter to her Husband, abfent upon Ptiblick employment. My head, my heart, mine Eyes, my life, nay more, My joy, my Magazine of earthly ftore, If two be one, as furely thou and I, How ftayeft thou there, whilft I at Ipftvich lye? Letters to her Husband. 395 So many Heps, head from the heart to fever If but a neck, foon fhould we be together: I Hke the earth this feafon, mourn in black, My Sun is gone fo far in's Zodiack, Whom whilft I 'joy'd, nor florms, nor frofts I felt, His warmth fuch frigid colds did caufe to melt. My chilled limbs now nummed lye forlorn; Return, return fweet Sol from Capricorn ; In this dead time, alas, what can I more [241] Then view thofe fruits which through thy heat I bore? Which fweet contentment yield me for a fpace, True living Piftures of their Fathers face. ftrange effeft! now thou art Southward 'gon^, 1 weary grow, the tedious day fo long; But when thou Northivard to me fhalt return, I wifh my Sun may never fet, but burn Within the Cancer of my glowing breaft. The welcome houfe of him my dearefl gueft. Where ever, ever ftay, and go not thence. Till natures fad decree fhall call thee hence; Flefh of thy flefh, bone of thy bone, I here, thou there, yet both but one. A. B. Another. Phoebus make hafte, the day's too long, be gone, The filent night's the fitteft time for moan; But ftay this once, unto my fuit give ear, And tell my griefs in either Hemifphere : 396 Anne BradJlreeVs Works. (And if the whirling of thy wheels don't drown'd) The woful accents of my doleful found, If in thy fwift Carrier thou canft make ftay, I crave this boon, this Errand by the way, Commend me to the man more lov'd then life. Shew him the forrows of his widdowed wife; My dumpifh thoughts, my groans, my brakifh tears My fobs, my longing hopes, my doubting fears, And if he love, how can he there abide? My Intereft's more then all the world befide. He that can tell the ftarrs or Ocean fand, [242J Or all the grafs that in the Meads do fland. The leaves in th' woods, the hail or drops of rain, Or in a corn-field number every grain. Or every mote that in the fun-fhine hops, May count my fighs, and number all my drops : Tell him, the countlefs fteps that thou doft trace. That once a day, thy Spoufe thou mayft imbrace; And when thou canft not treat by loving mouth, Thy rayes afar, falute her from the fouth. But for one moneth I fee no day (poor foul) Like thofe far fcituate under the pole. Which day by day long wait for thy arife, O how they joy when thou doft light the skyes. O Phoebus, hadft thou but thus long from thine Reftrain'd the beams of thy beloved fhine, At thy return, if fo thou could'ft or durft Behold a Chaos blacker then the firft. Letters to her Husband. 397 Tell him here's worfe then a confufed matter, His little world's a fathom under water, Nought but the fervor of his ardent beams Hath power to dry the torrent of thefe ftreams. Tell him I would fay more, but cannot well, Oppreffed minds, abrupteft tales do tell. Now poft with double fpeed, mark what I fay. By all our loves conjure him not to flay. Another. [243] As loving Hind that (Hartlefs) wants her Deer, Scuds through the woods and Fern with harkning ear, Perplext, in every bufh & nook doth pry. Her deareft Deer, might anfwer ear or eye; So doth my anxious foul, which now doth mifs, A dearer Dear (far dearer Heart) then this. Still wait with doubts, & hopes, and failing eye. His voice to hear, or perfon to difcry. Or as the penlive Dove doth all alone (On withered bough) moft uncouthly bemoan The abfence of her Love, and loving Mate, Whofe lofs hath made her fo unfortunate: Ev'n thus doe I, with many a deep fad groan Bewail my turtle true, who now is gone. His prefence and his fafe return, Hill wooes. With thoufand dolefull fighs & mournfull Cooes. Or as the loving Mullet, that true Fifh, Her fellow loft, nor joy nor life do wifti, 398 Anne Bradjlreefs Works. But lanches on that fhore, there for to dye, Where fhe her captive husband doth efpy. Mine being gone, I lead a joylefs life, I have a loving phere, yet feem no wife: But worft of all, to him can't fteer my courfe, I here, he there, alas, both kept by force: Return my Dear, my joy, my only Love, Unto thy Hinde, thy Mullet and thy Dove, Who neither joyes in pafture, houfe nor ftreams, The fubftance gone, O me, thefe are but dreams. Together at one Tree, oh let us brouze, [244] And like two Turtles rooft within one houfe, And like the Mullets in one River glide. Let's ftill remain but one, till death divide. '3 Thy loving Love and Deareji Dear, At home, abroad, and every where. A. B. — i-s^e^^^-g^'s — To her Father with/ome verfes. MOft truly honoured, and as truly dear. If worth in me, or ought I do appear, Who can of right better demand the fame.^ Then may your worthy felf from whom it came. The principle might yield a greater fum. Yet handled ill, amounts but to this crum; Ver/es to her Father. 399 My flock's fo fmall, I know not how to pay, My Bond remains in force unto this day; Yet for part payment take this fimple mite, Where nothing's to be had Kings loofe their right Such is my debt, I may not fay forgive, But as I can, I'le pay it while I live: Such is my bond, none can difcharge but I, Yet paying is not payd until I d3'e. A. B. In reference to her Children, 23. June, 1656.* [245] I Had eight birds hatcht in one neft, Four Cocks there were, and Hens the reft, I nurft them up with pain and care, Nor coft, nor labour did I fpare, Till at the lafl they felt their wing. Mounted the Trees, and learn'd to fing; Chief of the Brood then took his flight, To Regions far, and left me quite : f My mournful chirps I after fend, Till he return, or I do end. Leave not thy neft, thy Dam and Sire, Fly back and fing amidft this Quire. My fecond bird did take her flight. And with her mate flew out of fight; Southward they both their courfe did bend, And Seafons twain they there did fpend.* Till after blown by Sotithern gales. They Norward fteer d with filled fayles. * This date is clearly wrong, as events are referred to in the course of the poem which took place more than a year later. It is probably a mis- print for 1658. t Samuel, who sailed for England Nov. 6, 1657 (see page 24), and re- turned home July 17, 1661 (see page 28). Concerning her Children. 401 A prettier bird was no where feen, Along the Beach among the treen* I have a third of colour white, On whom I plac'd no fmall delight; Coupled with mate loving and true, Hath alfo bid her Dam adieu: And where Au7'ora firft appears, She now hath percht, to fpend her years ; f One to the Academy flew [246] To chat among that learned crew; Ambition moves ftill in his breafl; That he might chant above the refl;, Striving for more then to do well. That nightingales he might excell. J My fifth, whofe down is yet fcarce gone Is 'mongft the fhrubs and bufhes flown, And as his wings increafe in ftrength. On higher boughs he'l pearch at length. My other three, ftill with me neft, Untill they'r grown, then as the refl:. Or here or there, they'l take their flight, As is ordain'd, fo fliall they light. * Dorothy, who married the Rev. Seaborn Cotton, June 25, 1654. In 1655 her husband preached at Wethersfield, Conn., but in 1660 he became the second minister of Hampton, N.H. t Sarah, who married Richard Hubbard, of Ipswich, a brother of the Rev. William Hubbard, the historian. X "June 25, 1656, I was admitted into the vniverfity, M' Charles Chauncy being Prefident." — Rev. Simon Bradstreet's Manuscript Diary. For an account of him, and of Mrs. Bradstreet's other children, see Introduction. 402 Anne Bradjireefs Works. If birds could weep, then would my tears Let others know what are my fears Left this my brood fome harm fhould catch, And be furpriz'd for want of watch, Whilft pecking corn, and void of care They fall un'wares in Fowlers fnare: Or whilft on trees they fit and ling. Some untoward boy at them do fling: Or whilft allur'd with bell and glafs. The net be fpread, and caught, alas. Or leaft by Lime-twigs they be foyl'd. Or by fome greedy hawks be fpoyl'd. O would my young, ye faw my breaft. And knew what thoughts there fadly reft, Great was my pain when I you bred. Great was my care, when I you fed. Long did I keep you foft and warm, [247] And with my wings kept off" all harm, My cares are more, and fears then ever, My throbs fuch now, as 'fore were never: Alas my birds, you wifdome want. Of perils you are ignorant, Oft times in grafs, on trees, in flight. Sore accidents on you may light. O to your fafety have an eye. So happy may you live and die : Mean while my dayes in tunes He fpend, Till my weak layes with me fhall end. Concerning her Children. 403 In fliady woods I'le fit and fing, And things that paft, to mind I'le bring. Once young and pleafant, as are you, But former toyes (no joyes) adieu. My age I will not once lament, But fing, my time fo near is fpent. And from the top bough take my flight, Into a country beyond fight, Where old ones, inftantly grow young. And there with Seraphims fet fong: No feafons cold, nor ftorms they fee; But fpring lafts to eternity, When each of you fhall in your neft Among your young ones take your reft, In chirping language, oft them tell. You had a Dam that lov'd you well, That did what could be done for young. And nurft you up till you were flrong. And 'fore Ihe once would let you fly, [248] She Ihew'd you joy and mifery; Taught what was good, and what was ill. What would fave life, and what would kill / Thus gone, amongft you I may live, And dead, yet fpeak, and counfel give : Farewel my birds, farewel adieu, I happy am, if well with you. A.B. In memory of my dear grand-child Elizabeth Bradjireet,* who deceafed Auguji, 1665. being a year and half old. FArewel dear babe, my hearts too much content, Farewel fweet babe, the pleafure of mine eye, Farewel fair flower that for a fpace was lent, Then ta'en away unto Eternity. Bleft babe why fhould I once bewail thy fate, Or ligh the dayes fo foon were terminate ; Sith thou art fetled in an Everlafting ftate. By nature Trees do rot when they are grown. And Plumbs and Apples throughly ripe do fall, And Corn and grafs are in their feafon mown. And time brings down what is both ftrong and tall. But plants new fet to be eradicate, And buds new blown, to have fo fhort a date. Is by his hand alone that guides nature and fate. * The eldest child of her son Samuel. In memory of m,y dear grand-child [249] Anne Bradftreet.* Who deceajed ]une 20. 1669. being three years and /even Moneths old. T T T'lth troubled heart & trembling hand I write, ' ' The Heavens have chang'd to forrow my delight. How oft with disappointment have I met, When I on fading things my hopes have fet ? Experience might 'fore this have made me wife, To value things according to their price: Was ever ftable joy yet found below ? Or perfeft blifs without mixture of woe. I knew fhe was but as a withering flour, That's here to day, perhaps gone in an hour; Like as a bubble, or the brittle glafs, Or like a fhadow turning as it was. * "June. 20. 69 My B' Samuel' eldeft child which was a daughter, be- tween 3 & four yeares old dyed. He buried y= iirst y' euer had (w'ch alfo was a daughter) about 4 yeares fince. The Ld teach him, and me, and all who it efpec. concernes good thereby." — Rev. Simon Bradstreet's Manuscript Diary. 4o6 Anne BradJireeV s Works. More fool then I to look on that was lent, As if mine own, when thus impermanent. Farewel dear child, thou ne're ftiall come to me, But yet a while, and I fliall go to thee; Mean time my throbbing heart's chear'd up with this Thou with thy Saviour art in endlefs blifs. On my dear Grand-child Simon Bradflreet,* [250] Who dyed on 16. Novemb. 1669. being but a moneth, and one day old. "V TO fooner come, but gone, and fal'n afleep, -'- ^ Acquaintance fhort, yet parting caus'd us weep, Three flours, two fcarcely blown, the lafl i'th' bud, Cropt by th' Almighties hand; yet is he good. With dreadful awe before him let's be mute, Such was his will, but why, let's not difpute. With humble hearts and mouths put in the duft, Let's fay he's merciful as well as juft. He will return, and make up all our lofl'es, And fmile again, after our bitter crofles. Go pretty babe, go reft with Sifters twain Among the bleft in endlefs joyes remain. A.B. * The fourth child of her eldest son, Samuel. Funeral Elegies. 407 To the memory of my dear Daughter in Law, Mrs. Mercy Bradjireet, -who deceafed Sept. 6. 1669. in the 28. year of her Age.* A ND live I ftill to fee Relations gone, - And yet furvive to found this wailing tone; Ah, woe is me, to write thy Funeral Song, Who might in reafon yet have lived long, I faw the branches lopt the Tree now fall, I flood fo nigh, it cruflit me down withal; My bruifed heart lies fobbing at the Root, That thou dear Son hath loft both Tree and fruit: Thou then on Seas failing to forreign Coaft; Was ignorant what riches thou hadft loft. But ah too foon thofe heavy tydings fly, [251] To flrike thee with amazing mifery; Oh how I limpathize with thy fad heart, And in thy griefs ftill bear a fecond part: I loft a daughter dear, but thou a wife, Who lov'd thee more (it feem'd) then her own life. Thou being gone, fhe longer could not be, Becaufe her Soul ftie'd fent along with thee. * " Sept. ( ) 1670 My B' Samuel Bradftreet his wife dyed, wch was a foar afflicftion to him, and all his friends. May god giue us all a faniftifyed vfe of this, and all other his Difpenfations." — Rev. Simon Bradstreet's Manuscript Diary. She was a daughter of William Tyng. It appears from this poem that she died soon after the premature birth of a child, which did not long survive her. This child was Anne, born Sept. 3, 1670, so that the date of the mother's death, as given in the heading, must be a misprint for 1670. See N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, vol. ix. p. 113, note %%. 4o8 Anne Bradjireefs Works. One week fhe only paft in pain and woe, And then her forrows all at once did go; A Babe fhe left before, fhe foar'd above, The fifth and laft pledg of her dying love, E're nature would, it hither did arrive, No wonder it no longer did furvive. So with her Children four, fhe's now a reft, All freed from grief (I truft) among the blefl; She one hath left, a joy to thee and me,* The Heavens vouchfafe fhe may fo ever be. Chear up, (dear Son) thy fainting bleeding heart. In him alone, that caufed all this fmart; What though thy ftrokes full fad & grievous be. He knows it is the beft for thee and me. A.B. * A daughter, Mercy, born Nov. 20, 1667. Governor Bradstreet, in his will, signed Feb. 20, 1688, O. S., mentions her as one "whom I have been forced to educate and maintain at considerable charge ever since Septem- ber 1670." — SuflFolk Probate Records, Lib. xi. Fol. 277-8. She afterwards married James Oliver, a physician in Cambridge. See N. E. Hist. Gen. Register, vol. viii. p. 314, and vol. ix. p. 113. A> ^.<^.^^.^oV.^.^K4^.4>.^.^p.<^.<^.^.^.4>:j^.j^.^ A Funeral Elogy, [252] upon that Pattern and Patron of Virtue, the truely -pious, peerlefs & matchlefs Gentlewoman Mrs. Anne Bradftreet^ right Panaretes,* Mirror of Her Age, Glory of her Sex, nvhofe Heaven-born- Soul leaving its earthly Shrine, chofe its native home, and was taken to its Reji, upon 16th. Sept. 1672. ASk not why hearts turn Magazines of paffions, And why that grief is clad in fev'ral fafhions ; Why She on progrefs goes, and doth not borrow The fmalleft refpite from th' extreams of forrow, Her mifery is got to fuch an height, As makes the earth groan to fupport its weight, Such ftorms of woe, fo ftrongly have befet her, She hath no place for worfe, nor hope for better; Her comfort is, if any for her be. That none can fhew more caufe of grief then fhe. * Gr. ■KavupsTog, all-virtuous. 52 41 o Anne BradJireeV s Works. Ask not why fome in mournfull black are clad; The Sun is fet, there needs mull be a Ihade. Ask not why every face a fadnefs fhrowdes; The fetting Sun ore-caft us hath with Clouds. Ask not why the great glory of the Skye [253J That gilds the ftarrs with heavenly Alchamy, Which all the world doth lighten with his rayes, The Perflan God, the Monarch of the dayes; Ask not the reafon of his extalie, Palenefs of late, in midnoon Majefty, Why that the palefac'd Emprefs of the night Difrob'd her brother of his glorious light. Did not the language of the ftarrs foretel A mournfull Sccene when they with tears did fwell? Did not the glorious people of the Skye Seem fenfible of future mifery.^ Did not the lowring heavens feem to exprefs The worlds great lofe, and their unhappinefs? Behold how tears flow from the learned hill, How the bereaved Nine do daily fill The bofome of the fleeting Air with groans, And wofuU Accents, which witnefs their moanes. How doe the Goddefles of verfe, the learned quire Lament their rival Quill, which all admire ? Could Marc's Mufe but hear her lively ftrain, He would condemn his works to fire again. Methinks I hear the Patron of the Spring, The unfliorn Diety abruptly fing. A Funeral Elogy upon the Author. 411 Some doe for anguifh weep, for anger I That Ignorance fhould live, and Art fliould die. Black, fatal, difmal, inaufpicious day, Unblefh for ever by SoV^ precious Ray, Be it the firfl of Miferies to all; Or laft of Life, defam'd for Funeral. When this day yearly comes, let every one, [254] Caft in their urne, the black and difmal flone. Succeeding years as they their circuit goe, Leap o're this day, as a fad time of woe. Farewell my Mufe, fince thou haft left thy ftirine, I am unbleft in one, but bleft in nine. Fair Thefpian Ladyes, light your torches all, Attend your glory to its Funeral, To court her afhes with a learned tear, A briny facrifice, let not a fmile appear. Grave Matron, whofo feeks to blazon thee. Needs not make ufe of witts falfe Heraldry; Whofo fhould give thee all thy worth would fwell So high, as 'twould turn the world infidel. Had he great Marc's Mufe, or Tully'% tongue, Or raping numbers like the Thracian Song, In crowning of her merits he would be fumptuoufly poor, low in Hyperbole. To write is eafie ; but to write on thee. Truth would be thought to forfeit modefty. He'l feem a Poet that fhall fpeak but true; Hyperbole's in others, are thy due. 412 Anne Bradjireef s Works. Like a moft fervile flatterer he will fhow Though he write truth, and make the fubjeft, You. Virtue ne're dies, time will a Poet raife Born under better Starrs, fhall fing thy praife. Praife her who lift, yet he fliall be a debtor For Art ne're feign'd, nor Nature fram'd a better. Her virtues were fo great, that they do raife A work to trouble fame, aftonifti praife. When as her Name doth but falute the ear, [^SSj Men think that they perfedlions abftraft hear. Her breaft was a brave Pallace, a Broad-Jlreet, Where all heroick ample thoughts did meet, Where nature fuch a Tenement had tane. That others fouls, to hers, dwelt in a lane. Beneath her feet, pale envy bites her chain. And poifon Malice, whetts her fting in vain. Let every Laurel, every Myrtel bough Be ftript for leaves f adorn and load her brow. Victorious wreathes, which 'caufe they never fade Wife elder times for Kings and Poets made. Let not her happy memory e're lack Its worth in Fames eternal Almanack, Which none fhall read, but ftraight their lofs deplore. And blame their Fates they were not born before. Do not old men rejoyce their Fates did laft. And infants too, that theirs did make fuch haft. In fuch a welcome time to bring them forth, That they might be a witnefs to her worth. A Funeral Elogy upon the Author. 413 Who undertakes this fubjedl to commend Shall nothing find fo hard as how to end. Finis <£• non. John Norton.* Omnia ^omsindd Jileant Miracula Gentis. * This clergyman was a nephew of the Rev. John Norton, of the First Church in Boston. He graduated at Harvard College in 1671, and was ordained pastor of the First Church in Hingham, Nov. 27, 1678, as successor of the Rev. Peter Hobart. He died Oct. 3, 1716, in the 65th year of his age, after a ministry of nearly thirty-eight years. — " Lincoln's History of Hing- ham," pp. 24-25. It has been suggested that he edited the second edition of Mrs. Brad- street's " Poems." — N. E. Hist. Gkn. Register, vol. ix. p. 1x3, note %%. INDEX. f INDEX. A. Abbot, Archbishop, his treatment of the Nonconformists, xxii-iii. Abel, 374. Abiram, 112 n. Abram, 1S7. Abrocomas, 239 and n. Abjdos, 226. Achcemenes, 20S, 216. Achilles, 253, 261, 2S8, 347. Actium, Battle of, 319. Adam, 177 and n., 373, 375, 383. Address to the Reader, 83. Poetical, of I. W. to the author, 86. Of H. S., 92. Adela, 333 ». ^geria. The Nymph, 325. Agawam (Ipswich) settled, xxxv. Simple Cobbler of, 85 n. Age, Middle, xli, 156-61. Old, xli, 161-7. Ages, The Four, of Man, xli, Ixv, 147-67. Agesilaus, 244-5. Ahab, 314. Ahaz, 194-5. Aire, or Air, xli, 119-22. Albert, Archduke of Austria, 162 and n. Albion, 117 «., 361. Alcies Son, 333. Explanation of the term, 333 n. Alexander the Great, 211, 250, 251- 91, 302, 310, 316, 349, 351- Mrs. Bradstreet's account of his murder of Callisthenes, taken from Ra- leigh's "History of the World," xliv-v. Mrs. Bradstreet's account of his visit to the tomb of Cjrus, taken from Raleigh, xlvi. His quarrel with and murder of Clei- tus, Mrs. Bradstreet's account of, taken from Raleigh, and from North's " Plutarch's Lives," xlvi- vii, xlix-1. Mrs. Bradstreet's de- scription of the state of things after his death, taken from Ra- leigh, xlix. Alexander (Aegus), 297, 309, 310. Alexander of Epire, 316. Alexander, Ptolemy, 319. Alexandria, 295. Building of, 262. Builton the Jaxartes,275. Library at, 31S. Algiers (Algere), Charles the Fifth before, 121. AUibone, Mr., as to the publication of the first edition of the " Poems," xli n. Amaziah, 192. "Ambrose," the, xxvii. Amestris, 231. Amiens, Gov. T. Dudley at the siege of, xii. Araorges, 236. Amraphel, Ninias supposed to be, 187. Amulius (vEmulus), 323. Amyntas, 251. Anagrams on the author's name, 92. Ancus Marcius, 326. Andover, Ixiii, Ixvii «., 88 u., 89. Land reserved for planting the town of, xxxvi. Gathering of Church at, ib. Land for, bought of Cutshamache, xxxvii. Situa- tion of first settlements, /i. Burn- ing of the Bradstreet house at, Ixi- ii. Mrs. Bradstreet's burial-place not to be found in, Ixv. Andrews, Bishop, xx. S3 4i8 INDEX. Andros, Sir Edmund, Governor of New England, Ixx. Deposed, ib. Annius of Viterbo, i88 n. Antigonus, 291, 294, 296, 299, 300, 301, 306-13, 315-17. Antiochus, 313, 316. Soter, 317. Theos, 317. The Great, 3_i8. Eu- pator, 318. Antipater, 253, 266, 286, 291-4, 298- 300. Antiphilus, 293. Antony, Mark, 319. Apis, 213. Apology, An, for not finishing the Roman Monarch3', 328. To her father for her verses, 180. Appleton's " Cycloptedia of Biog- raphy " as to the publication of the first edition of the "Poems," xli ti. Appleton, Dr. John, a. Arabia, 205. Arbaces, 189-93, 208. Arbela, Battle of, 264-5. " Arbella," the, xxvi. Contained the principal people, xxvii. AridiEus, 2S9-91, 297, 302-3, 306, 311 n. Aristotle, xliii. 116, 287. Armada, The Spanish, 332, 333, 359. Destruction of, 162 n. Arpad, 197. Arsames, 248 and n., 249 n. Arses, 248 and n., 249 n. Artabanus, 226, 232. Artabazus, 268, 271, 2S9. Artaxerxes Longimanus, 233-35. Mnemon, 237-46. Artemisia, 224. Asphaltites Lake, 116. Aspinwall. William, xxxi. Assur's, Monarchs, 317. Assyrian Monarch^', xli, 181-207. Astrophel, Spenser's, 348 and ?/., 349- Astyages, 208. Athens, 221, 229, 252. Athos, Mount, sea passage behind, 225. Atossa, 222. Augustus, 288, 319. August takes its name from, 175. Anecdote of, 347 »■ Auletes, Ptolemy (killed Pompe^'), 319- Aurelian, the Emperor, 361. Author to her Book, 3S9-90. Autumn, xli, 176-9. B. Baal, 182. Baalpeor, 182. Babel, 181, 186, 200-2, 360. Babylon, 1S5-6, 205, 206, 265-7. Taken, 192. Taken by Cyrus, 210-11. Baca, Valle}' of, 21 and n., 23. Bacon, Francis, Baron of Verulam, xix. Bagoas, 247-9, ^49 n. Bajazet I. becomes Sultan of the Turks, 173 n. Anecdote of, 173 and n. Baladan, Merodach, 207. Bancroft, Archbishop, his treatment of the Nonconformists, xxii. Bartas. See Du Bartas. Bastwick, 336 n. Bay Psalm Book, 21 »., 35 n. Beaumont and Fletcher, xvi. Bedlam, 156. Beelzebub, 182, 334. Before the Birth of one of her Chil- dren, Verses, 393-4. Bel, Temple of, 185. Belochus, 193-4. Belosus, 193-4. Belshazzar, 205-7, ^'O- Belus, 182. Ben Merodach, 198. Berosus, 1S8 and »., 317. Bessus, 250, 268, 269, 272, 273, 274. Betis, 261-2. Beverwyck, Jean Van (Beverovicius), Ixvi. Bias, 160. His saying, 160 n. Bible, publication of the common version of, xvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's familiarity with the, 1. Trans- lation of, into Greek, 319 and «. See Genevaii version and Seftua- gint. Blaxton, William, first white settler of Boston, xxxii. Blood, xli, 129-36. Bohemia, 163 n. Reformed Religion in, ib. Book, The Author to her, 389-90. Books written by Women, Ixii, 83- Boston, First Church at, xv, xxxi, 5, 413 n. First signers of the Covenant, xxxi. Removal of Winthrop's company to, xxxii. Winthrop's company leave, ib. Rising in, in April, 1689, Ixx. First book printed in, Ixvi-vii. INDEX. 419 In Lincolnshire, Dudley's resi- dence at, xiii. Bowtell, Stephen, publisher of the first edition of the " Poems," 79. Bradstreet, Anna, a modern poet, Ixix n. Bradstreet, Anne, v-x, 2, 3, 21, 24, 30 «., 39, 44 «., 46, 73, 74, yS, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 85, 87, 88 and H.,90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 99, 165, iSo, 346 n., 39'' 394' 39S. 39S. 399. 4°! «•> 403- 406, 408, 413 n. Earliest poet of her sex in Amer- ica, xi. Daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley, ib. Wife of Gov. Simon Bradstreet, ib. Her ancestry, xi- ii. Her father, xi-iv. Hermother, xii-iii, xxxi, lii-iii. Her birth, xiv. Her education, xiv. Her youth and religious experiences, xiv-v, 3-10. Her reminiscence of an English fair, xv, 354. Opportu- nities for improving her literary tastes, xv-xxi. Comfort she took in reading the Bible, xiv, xvii, 4. Literary age in which she was brought up, xv-xxi. Her mar- riage, XV, xxi, liii »., 5. Goes to America, xv, 5. Embarks, prob- ably on the" Arbella," xxvii. The passage, xxvii-viii. Lands at Sa- lem, xxix. Goes to Charlestown, xxxi. Signs the covenant of the First Church, xv, xxxi-ii, 5. Life at Charlestown, xxxii Moves to Boston, ib. Moves to Cambridge, xxxiii. House at Cambridge, ib. Life at Cambridge, xxxiii - iv. Moves to Ipswich, xxxv. Her residence at Ipswich, xxxvi, 85 »., 394. Moves to Andov'er, xxxvi. Her house there, xxxvii-viii. Its burning, xxxvii, Ixi-ii, 40, 329. Publication of her " Poems " with- out her knowledge, by her brother- in-law, the Rev. John Woodbridge, xxxix-xl. Her character, xl. Com- mended in verse by the Rev. N. Ward and others, xl-xli. Ana- grams on her name, xli, 98. Ar- rangement and plan of her "Poems," xli-ii. Their merit, xlii^ How far original, xlii-lii. Her knowledge of the Greek and Latin writers, xliii-iv. Her in- debtedness to Sir Walter Raleigh's " History of the World," xliii-ix ; to Archbishop Usher's " Annals," xliii-iv; to the Hebrew Writings, xliii ; to Pemble's Treatise, ib. ; to North's Plutarch, xlix-1; to Crooke's Anatomy, 1. Her famili- arity with the Bible and use of the Genevan version, ib. Her obliga- tion to Sylvester's translation of Du Bartas, li. Her fondness for Sidney's works and her criticisms on them, lii. Her knowledge of the works of Speed, Camden, and Spenser, i'lJ. Time when her earlier "Poems" were written, ib. Her mother's death and her epitaph on her, lii-iii. Her father's death, liii-iv. Her father her teacher, Iv. Her eight children, Ivii. Her verses on them, ib. Writes her religious experiences for them, ib. Her delicate constitution and fre- quent sicknesses, ib. Her Chris- tian resignation, Ivii-viii. Her religious doubts, Iviii. Her love for her children, ib. Her morbid views of life, ib. Her belief in the efficacy of prayer, ib. Her son Samuel's visit to England, Iviii-ix. Had no child for a long time af- ter marriage, lix. Her husband's mission to England in January, 1661-2, lix-lxi. Her verses to him during his absence, 32-9. Writes the " Meditations," Ixi. Dedicates them to her son Simon, ib., 47. Their originality, Ixi. Loss of her papers by the burningof her house, Ixi-ii, 40, 329. Her daily life, Ixii. Her position as a woman writer, ib. Her rambles in the woods and along the Merrimac, Ixiii. Writes the " Contemplations," ib. Their excellence, ib. Revision or her " Poems," Ixiv. Nature of her alterations, ib. AJ^-itan and yet a Monarchist, ib ^ffler hatred of Papists, ib., 9, 340-1. Longing for death, ib. Her last sickness and death, !xiv-v, 409. Her burial- place unknown, Ixv. No portrait of her in existence, ib. Edward Phillips's notice of her, ib. Cotton Mather's eulogy on her, Ixv-vi. Rev. John Norton's Funeral Elegy on her, 409-13. Her handwriting, viii. Fac-simile of it, betvfeen 46 and 47, first edition of her "Poems." V, vii-viii, x, xl-iii, xlix, lii, 79. Second edition, v, vii-viii, xli «., xlix-1, lii, Ixiii, Ixiv, Ixvi, 81, 413. Third edition, v-vii. 420 INDEX. Her children all survived her ex- cept Dorothy, Ixvii-viii. Notices of, Ixvii «. Her verses concerning them, 400-3. Her descendants, Ixviii-ix. Bradstreet, Anne, daughter of Sam- uel, verses on the death of, 405. Bradstreet, Anne, another daughter of Samuel, her death in infancy, 407 n. and 408. Bradstreet, Anne, second wife of Gov. Bradstreet, daughter of Emanuel Downing, Ixix. Bradstreet, Dorothy, daughter of Mrs. Anne, death of, Ixvii. No- tice of, Ixvii n. Marries Rev. Seaborn Cotton, 400-1, and 401 n. Bradstreet, Dudley, son of Mrs. Anne, sketch of, Ixvii n. Refuses to act as Counsellor under the Provisional Government, Ixx. Bradstreet, Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel, verses on the death of, 404. Bradstreet, Hannah, sketch of, Ixvii n. Marries Andrew Wiggin, 28 n. Bradstreet, John, son of Mrs. Anne, notice of, Ixvii u. Bradstreet, Mercy, daughter of Mrs. Anne, sketch of, Ixvii n. Bradstreet, Mercy, wife of Samuel, verses on the death of, 407-8. Bradstreet, Mercy, daughter of Sam- uel, 40S and n. Bradstreet, Pedigree of the Family, Ixix n. Bradstreet, Samuel, son of Mrs. Anne, notice of, Ixvii n. His birth, 5. Some time after the marriage of his parents, lix, 5, 34. Graduates at Harvard Col- lege, Iviii-ix. His age, lix. Goes to England, Iviii-ix, Ixvii n, 400 and n. His mother's verses on his departure, 24. Returns, lix, Ixvii n. His mother's verses on that event, 28. Death of his eld- est child, Elizabeth, 404, 405 n. ; of his daughter Anne, 405 and n. ; of his fourth child, Simon, 406 ; of his wife, 407-8, and 407 H. ; of Anne, an infant child of, 407 «., 408. His daughter, Mercy Bradstreet, 408 and n. Bradstreet, Samuel, of Dorchester, x. Bradstreet, Sarah, notice of, Ixvii n. Marries Richard Hubbard, of Ips- wich, 401 and n. Bradstreet, Rev. Simon, father of Gov. Bradstreet, xxi. Bradstreet, Gov. Simon, 17, 91. Engraving of, x. Husband of Anne Bradstreet, xi. Marries her, xxi, liii n. His father and grand- father, lb. His birth, ib. Educa- tion, xxi-ii. Goes into the Earl of Lincoln's family, xxii. Enters Emmanuel College, and receives his bachelor's and master's de- grees, ib. Takes Dudley's place as steward of the Earl of Lin- coln, ib. Becomes steward of the Countess of Warwick, ib. Chosen Assistant of the Massachusetts Company, xxvi. His important position afterwards in the Massa- chusetts Colony, ib. Embarks for America, xxvii. Probably on the " Arbella," /*. The passage, xxviii. Arrives in Salem, xxviii- ix. Goes to Charlestown, xxx- xxxi. Signs the covenant of the First Church, xxxi. Moves to Boston, xxxii. To Newtown (Cambridge), xxxiii. His house and lot there, ib. Moves to Ips- wich, XXXV. One of those allowed to begin a plantation at ".Merri- mack," xxxvi. Establishes him- self at Andover, xxxvi-vii. De- scription of his house there, xxxvii-viii. His mission to Eng- land with the Rev. John Norton, lix-lxi, 32-9. His wife's verses to him during that time, 32-9. Burn- ing of his house at Andover, xxxvii, Ixi-ii, 40, 329. His loss thereby, Ixi - ii. His children, Ixvii »., 400-3. His descendants, Ixviii-ix. His second wife, Ixix. Becomes Deputy- Governor, Ixx. Governor, ib. Refuses to act as Counsellor under Joseph Dudley, ib. Head of the " Council of Safe- ty," ib. Acts as Governor until the receipt of the New Charter, Ix'x-i. A Counsellor under that, Ixxi. His death, ib. His tomb, Ixxi n. Its desecration, ib. His epitaph, ib. , Supports his son Samuel's children, Ixvii »., 40S n. Verses on his restoration from an ague, 27. Verses on his going to England, 32. Verses in solitary hours during his absence, 34. Verses in acknowledgment of let- ters received from him, 37. Verses INDEX. 421 in thankful acknowledgment of his safe arrival home, 38. Pqetical Letters to him, 394-8. Bradstreet, Rev. Simon, of New London, Conn., son of Anne Bradstreet, Ixviii, 2, 73 ?«., 74 and n., 405 «., 407 n. Sketch of, Ixvii n. His account of his birth and education, xxxvi-vii. Enters Harvard College, 401 and n. '"Meditations" written at his re- quest, and dedicated to him, Ixi, 47. His account of the burning of the house at Andover, and his own and his father's loss thereby, Ixi-ii. His manuscript copy of his mother's '" Religious Experi- ences and Occasional Pieces," viii, 2. His handwriting, viii. His account of his mother's last sick- ness and death, Ixiv-v. Bradstreet, Rev. Simon, of Charles- town, Mass., Ixviii-ix. Bradstreet, Rev. Simon, of Marble- head, Mass., sketch of, 74 n. His Latin translation of the Dedica- tion and first four "Meditations," 74, viii-ix. Bradstreet, Simon, son of Samuel, verses on the death of, 406. Bradstreet, Tomb at Salem, desecra- tion of, Ixxi n. Britain, how cut from France, 117. Brutus, Junius, 328. Bucephala, 27S. Buchanan, George, xix. Buckingham, Duke of, xxiii. His unsuccessful attempt to take the Isle de Rhe', 163 and n. Assassi- nation of, 164 and «., 165 n. Buckminster, Rev. Joseph, a de- scendant of Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixix. Buckminster, Rev. J. S., a descend- ant of Mrs. Bradstreet, ib. Budington, Rev. W. I., D.D., his articles on Mrs. Bradstreet, and re- print of some of her writings, ix-x. Burning of her house, Verses on the, 40. Burton, 336 n. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, xvii. B. W,, explanation of the initials, 89 n. Cadiz (Cades), 163 «., 165 n. Taken by the Earl of Essex, 360. CiEsar, Julius, 319. Gives his name to July, 174. Cain, 374. Calais won, 162. Surprise of, in 1596, 162 n. Spanish Armada put to flight before, ib. Caligula, Anecdote of, 108. Callisthenes, xlvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's account of the murder of, taken from Raleigh, xliv-v. Murder of, 284-5. Calvin, xxiv. Cambridge, The Agreement at, xxv. Cambridge (Newtown), founding of, xxxii-iii. Laid out in squares, xxxiii. Arrival of Rev. Thoinas Hooker's congregation in, xxxiv. Wood's description of, ib. Its limits enlarged, xxxv. Cambyses, 113, 212-17, 219. Father of Cyrus, 208. And Darius Hye- taspes. Interregnum between, 216- 17- Camden, William, his "Britannia" and "Annales," xix. His " An- nales," 358 and ti. Mrs. Brad- street's knowledge of, lii. Canaan, 196, 205. Canute, 331. Carter, Robert, his description of the appearance of Mt. Desert from the sea, xxviii. Cassander, 299-316. Son of Anti- pater, 2S7. Cassandreia, 306. Cavalier, a British, 155. Mrs. Brad- street's opinion of, Ixiv. C. B., Commendatory verses by, 90. Others, 92. Cecil, Sir Edward, his expedition to Cadiz, 163 n. Cena, 298 «. Ceraunus, Ptolemy, 316. Cervantes, xvi. Chaldeans, 201. Channing, Rev. Wm. E., a descend- ant of Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixix. Chapman's Homer, xvii. Charlemagne, 355. Charles I. of England, xxiii, 30 n., 338, 341. Thrust from his throne, 164 and n. Beheaded, 164 and n. And Parliament, xxv. Charles II. of England, Ixix, 30 n. Restoration of, 165 71. Relations between him and Massachusetts Colony, lix-lx. Charles V. before Algiers, I2i. His taking Milan, ib. 422 INDEX. Charlestown, Mass., settlement of, XXX. Arrival of Winthrop's com- pany at, xxx-i. Condition of the people in, in 1630, xxxii. Re- inoval of Winthrop's company from, to Boston, ib. Charter of the Massachusetts Com- pany, dissolution of .the, Ixx. Charter Government, temporary re- establishment of, in Massachu- setts, Ixx. The new, Ixx-i. Charter- Street burying-ground in Salem, Bradstreet's tomb in, Ixxi. Chaucer, 85. Childhood, xli, 149-52. Children, Poem before the birth of one of her, 393-4. Children, Poem in reference to her, 400-3. Misprint in, Ixvii n. and 401 n. Chinoes, 196. Choler, xli, 124-9. Christmas, 179. Church, The Established, of Eng- land, division of, xxiii-iv. Regard of the Massachusetts Colonists for, xxvii-viii. Church, First, at Boston, xv, xxxi, 5.4I3«- Cicero, 411. Quoted, 160 n. Civil War in England, 165 and n. Course of the Massachusetts Col- ony during the, lix. Clarence, Duke of, 335. Clarendon, the Earl of. quoted, xxiii. Clark, master of ship " Society," 38 n. Cleitus, or Clitus, quarrel of Alex- ander with, and death of, 283-4. Mrs. Bradstreet's account of his murder by Alexander the Great, taken from Raleigh's " History of the World," and from North's "Plutarch's Lives, "xlvi-vii,xlix-l. Cleopatra, 115, 292, 293, 310, 311. Daughter of Ptolemy Auletes,3i9- 20, 360. Clipshara, in the county of Rutland, Dudley's residence at, xiv. Cochichewick, The, xxxviii. First settlements at Andover made near, xxxvii. Land about, reserved for ^ plantation, afterwards Andover, xxxvi. Andover, xxxvii. Colborne, William, xxxi. Commendatorv Verses by N. M^ard, 85. I. W., 86-88. B. W., 89. C. B., 90. R. Q., 90 n. N. H., 91. C. B., 92. H. S., 92. Rev. J. Rogers, 93-96. Compton, William Lord, afterwards Earl of Northampton, takes Dud- ley into his family, xii. Recom- mends Dudley to the Earl of Lin- coln as steward, xiii. Consolations, Meditations on Spirit- ual, 16. Constitution, The Four Humours in Man's, xli, Ixv, 123-46. Contemplations, a Poem, 370-81. Its merits considered, Ixiii. Corinnss, The Three, Ixvi. Cotton, Rev. John, xiii, xviii, xxi. His son marries Dorothy Brad- street, Ixvii «. Cotton, Sir Robert, xi.x. Cotton, Rev. Seaborn, 401 n. Hus- band of Dorothy Bradstreet, Ixvii 71. Notice of, ib. Council of Safety, Ixvii «., Ixx. Cradock, Gov. Matthew, proposes the removal of the Massachusetts Company io America, xxiv. Craterus, 292-4, 297. Croesus (Cressus), 205, 209-10. Cromwell, Ixix. Mrs. Bradstreet's views concerning, Ixiv, 164 and n. Crooke, Helkiah, M D., Mrs. Brad- street's knowledge of, 1, 144. Watt's notice of his works, 1 n. Curiatii, 325. Curtius, M., 113 K. Curtius, Qiiintus, xliii, xlvi, 257, 265. Curwen, Sam., his note concerning the sale of Gov. Bradstreet's tomb, Ixxi n. Cutshamache, Indian Sagamore, sells land on which Andover was settled, xxxvii. Cyclops, xlix, 2S9. Cyna, 298 n. Cyrus, 208-12, 222, 248, 249. 280. Mrs. Bradstreet's account of Alex- ander the Great's visit to his tomb, taken from Raleigh, xlvi. Cyrus, the younger, 237-41. D. Dagon, 184. Damascus, 194-5. Dana, Mr. Richard H., a descendant of Mrs. Bradstreet's, Ixix. Dana, Hon. R. H., Jr., a descendant of Mrs. Bradstreet's, ib. Daniel, 200, 204, 206, 207, 211, 261, 289, 317. Darms, uncle of Cyrus, 208. INDEX. 423 Darius Hystaspes, Interregnum be- tween Cambyses and, 216-17. Made king, 217. Hjstaspes, 21S- 22. Xerxes' son, 232. Notlius, ^35-7- Darius Ochus, 247 and n. Codoma- nus, 249 and n., 254-61, 263-71. Dathan, 112 and n. David's Lamentation for Saul and Jonathan, xlii, 363-4. Davis, iVIr., of Nevsr Haven, 29 «., 32 n. Dealings, Divine, 25. Death as a sheriffs officer, 156 nn. Dedication to Meditations, Ixi, 47. Fac-simile of, between 46 and 47. Latin Translation of, 74. Dedication of the " Poems," lii, Iv, 97. Date of, xli, lii. Deliverance from a Fever, 12. Same subject, 13. From a Fit of Faint- ing, 15- Delphi, 228. Demades, xlix. Denietrius, 308, 312-17. Demosthenes, 293. Denison, Major-General Daniel, 96 ». Chosen Captain for Ipswich, xxxvi. One of the first settlers at Andover, ib. Marries Patience Dudley, liii n. Marries Rev. Si- mon Bradstreet to his cousin, Lucy Woodbridge, Ixvii n. Denison, Elizabeth, 96 n. Dercyllidas, 244. Deucalion, Deluge of, 118. Dialogue between Old England and New, 330-43, xli-ii, lii. Dido, G^iieen, 360. Distemper of the body, Foem upon some, 392-3. Divine Dealings, 25. Dodd, Rev. John, xiii. Don Anthony, 359. Donne, Dr. John, xx. Don Quixote, xvi. Downing, Anne, second wife of Gov. Bradstreet, Ixix. Her step-son's opinion of her, ib. Downing, Emanuel, his daughter marries Gov. Bradstreet, ib. Downing, Sir George, Bart., ib. Drake, Mr. S. G., x. Drake, Sir Francis, 360. Du Bartas, 85, 92, 98, 100, 348, 349. Notice of, li n. Works translated by Sylvester, xvii, li. Mrs. Brad- street's obligations to, g8, li- Her fondness for his works, li-lii. Mil- ton's obligations to, ib. Poem in honor of, xlii, lii, 353-6. Dudleian Lectures at Harvard Col- lege, founding of, liii n. Dudley, Dean, his articles on Mrs. Bradstreet, x. Dudley, Deborah, liii n. Dudley, Dorothy, wife of Governor Dudley', xii-xiii. Signs church covenant, xxxi. Her death and virtues, as described by Mrs. Brad- street, lii-iii. Epitaph on, 369. Dudley', Dorothy, daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley, liii n. Dudley, John, Duke of Northumber- land, supposed ancestor of Gov. Dudley, xi-xii. Dudley, Joseph, notice of, liii n. Made President of the Provision- al Government of Massachusetts, Ixx. Dudley, the Lady Mary, mother of Sir P. Sidney, xii. Dudley, Mercy, notice of, liii n. Wife of Rev. John Woodbridge, 88 «. Dudley, Patience, 96 n. Notice of, liii «. Dudley, Paul, son of Gov. T. Dud- ley, notice of, liii ;/. Dudley, Paul, son of Joseph Dudley, notice of, ib. Dudley, Capt. Roger, father of Gov. Dudley, xii. Dudley, Samuel, first child of Gov. Dudley, xiv. One of the first set- tlers at Andover, xxxvi. Notice of, liii n. Dudley', Sarah, notice of, ib. Dudley, Governor Thomas, father of Anne Bradstreet, xi. One of the founders of New England, xi, 366. His ancestry, xi-ii. His birth, xii. Only son of Capt. Roger Dudley, ib. Left an orphan, ib. Nothing known of his mother, ib. Becomes a page of Lord Compton, ib. A clerk of Judge Nichols, ib. Goes to France at the head of a com- pany of volunteers, ib. At the siege of Amiens, ib. Returns to England, ib. Marries, xii - iii. Becomes a Nonconformist, xiii. Becomes the Earl of Lincoln's steward, ib. Moves to Boston, in Lincolnshire, ib- Returns to the Earl of Lincoln's family, ib. Lives at Clipsham, xiv. His first child, Samuel, born, ib. His daughter 424 INDEX. Anne born, ib. Has Simon Brad- street under his care, xxii. Is succeeded as steward of the Earl of Lincohi by Bradstreet, xxii. Interested in the plan to plant a colony in New England, xxvi. Signs the agreement at Cam- bridge, XXV. His first apparent connection.with the Massachusetts Company, xxvi. Chosen an As- sistant, ib. Important position afterwards held by him in the Colony, ib. Elected " Under- taker," ib. Chosen Deputy-Gov- ernor, ib. Visits John Winthrop at Groton, xxvi-vii. Goes to the Isle of Wight, xxvii. Embarks with his family for America, ib. Probably on the "Arbella," ib. Signs the farewell to their "Breth- ren in and of the Church of Eng- land," ib. His passage, xxviii. Arrival at Salem, xxviii-ix. State in which he found things there, xxix-xxx. His account of it in his letter to the Countess of Lin- coln, XXX. Goes to Charlestown, ib. Enters into a church cove- nant, xxxi. Moves to Boston, xxxii. His picture of their condi- tion, xxxiii. Moves to Newtown (Cambridge), ib. His house and lot there, ib. His displeasure at Winthrop's removal from, xxxiv. His temporary alienation from him, ib. Moves to Ipswich, xxxv. Mrs. Bradstreet's "Poems" dedi- cated to him, xli, lii, 97. His letter to the Countess of Lincoln, xxvi, xxvii, XXX, xxxii, xxxiii and n. His poetry, Iv-vi, Ixv-vi. His poem " On the Four Parts of the World," 97. Death of his first wife, lii, 369. Marries again, liii. His children, liii n. His death, liii-iv, •565. His removal to Rox- bury, liv. High offices held by him, ib- His character, liv -v. His library, Iv. Rogers's Latin epitaph on him, ib. His learning, ib. Mrs. Bradstreet's instructor, ib. His estate, Ivi. Heads the agreement to support a free school in Roxbury, Ivi-vii. Verses to, 398-9. Poem to the memory of, 365-8. Mr. C. M. Ellis's sketch of his life, Ivii n. Duyckinck, Mr., his notice of Mrs. Bradstreet, a. Dwight, Dr. Timothy, his descrip- tion of North Andover, xxxix. E. " Eagle," The, afterwards the "Ar- bella," xxvii. Earth, xli, 109-13. Eden, 177, 373. Edom, 203. Edward II. of England, 332, 333. Edward III. of England, 334. Edward IV. of England, the murder of his children, 335. Egypt, 203, 205. Elector Palatine, Frederic V., 163 and «., 165 n. Elements, The Four, xli, Ixv, 103-22. "The Interlude of the Four," old moral play, xli n. Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of James I., 163 and n. Elizabeth, Queen, xii, xvi, 162 nn., 344. Poem in honor of, xlii, lii, 87 and «., 357-62. Ellis, Mr. C. M., his history of Rox- bury, and sketch of Gov. T. Dud- ley's life, Ivii n. Emilius, 317. See Patilus. Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, xxi, xxii. Endicott, Gov. John, sent to Ameri- ca, XXX. England, Civil War in, xxiii, lix, Ixiv, 165 and «. England, Dialogue between Old and New, xli-ii, lii, 330-43. Perhaps partly derived from Speed's His- tory, lii. England under Queen Elizabeth, 359-61- English Fair, Mrs. Bradstreet's de- scription of, XV. English Literature at the close of the Elizabethan Age, xv-xx. Epaminondas, 245. Epiphanes, Ptolemy, 318. Successor to Evergetes, 319. Erthogrul, 173. Esar-haddon, 197. Essex, Earl of, 341 and n. Takes Cadiz, 360. Esther, 233, 236, 266. Eudocia, "The Empress, Ixvi. Euergetes, Ptolemy, son of Phila- delphus, 319. Euergetes (II.), successor of Philo- metor, 319. INDEX. 425 Eumenes, 295-7, -99' 3oi, 306, 308. Eupator, Antiochiis, 318. Eu])hrates, The, 240. Eiiridice, 297, 302, 303. Evelyn, his notice of the death of the Duke of Gloucester and the Princess of Orange, 30 n. Evil-merodach, 204-5. Exeter, N.H., liii »., Ixvii ». Explanation as to Four Monarchies, 322. Ezekiel, 200. Ezra, 234. Fabius, Q^ Maximus, 137. Fainting, After a Fit of, July 8, 1656, 7-. Fainting and Weakness, Sept. 30, 1657. 23. Fainting, Deliverance from a Fit of. 15. Father, To her, with some verses, 398-9- Fever, Deliverance from a, 12. Same subject, 13. Finland, 178. Fire, xli, 104-8. First Church at Boston, xv, xxxi, 5, 413 n. First Edition of " Poems.'' See Poems. First Monarchy, iSi-2q7. Flegme, xli, 141-6. Flesh and the Spirit, poem, 381-5. Fletcher, John, xvi. Florio, John, English translator of Montaigne's Essays, xvii. Foster, John, first printer in Boston, Ixvi-vii. Printer of second edition of Poems, V, Ixvi, 81. Four Ages of Man, xli, Ixv, 147- 67. Four Elements, xli, Ixv, 103-22. Four Humours in Man's Constitu- tion, xli, Ixv, 123-46. Four Monarchies, xli, xliii-1, Ixv, 181-328. Fourth Monarchy, 323-8. Four Seasons of the Year, xli, Ixv, 168-79. France, 332, 333. France and Holland saved, 162. France, how Britain cut from, 117. Frederic V., Elector Palatine, 163 and »., 165 n. Funeral Elegy, Rev. John Norton's, upon Mrs. Bradstreet, 409-13. G. Gager, William, xxxi. Galen, 143. Mrs. Bradstreet's knowl- edge of, 1. Galenists, no. Galilee, 195. Gardner, Capt. Joseph, his widow marries Gov. Bradstreet, Ixix. Garrett, James, account of the loss of his ship, 29 n, Genevan version of the Bible, 21 u., 203 n. Mrs. Bradstreet's familiar- ity with, 1. Germany, 336. Gibraltar, iiS. Gideon, the sword of God and, 340. Gilboa, Mount, 363-4. Gloucester, Henry, Duke of, his death, 30 and n. Gobryas, 220-1, 224. God, Verses in Praise of, 17. On Joy in, 18. GofFe, Thomas, xxvi. Gog, 342. Gookin, Daniel, his account of the loss of James Garrett's ship, 29 n. Graves, Mr., xxxi. Great Plague, The, 334 and n. Grecian Monarchy, xli, 251-321. Greek and Latin authors, as to Mrs. Bradstreet's acquaintance with, xliii-iv. Greenland, 178. Grey, Lady Jane, 335. Griswold, Mr., as to the publica- tion of first edition of Poems, xli ». Groanland, 178 and n. Gunpowder Plot, 163 and n., 165 and «. H. Hackburne, Catherine, widow of Samuel, marries Gov. T. Dudley, liii. Hall, Bishop, the "English Sene- ca," XX. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. S. C, their sketch of Miss Hannah More quoted, as to the popularity of women writers half a century ago, Ixii n. Hallam's opinion of Knolles' His- tory of the Turks, xix. Haman, 234. Hamlet, quotation from, 156 n. 54 426 INDEX. Hampton-Court Conference, xxiv. Hampton, N.H., Ixvii «., 401 u. Hand-writing, fac-simile of Mrs. Bradstreet's, between 46 and 47. Harding, Robert, xxxi. Harvard College, 29 n. First grad- uate of, 89 n. Harvey, Dr. William, xxi. Hathorne, Daniel, buys the Brad- street tomb at Salem, Ixxi n. Haverhill, gathering of church at, xxxvi. Hazor, 203. Heaven, verses expressing her long- ing for, 42. Hebrew Writings, Mrs. Bradstreet's indebtedness to, for her facts in "The Four Monarchies," xliii. Hector, 261, 34S. Helena, 143. Hellespont, bridge over, 225-6. Hena, 197. Henah, 197 n. Hengist, 331. Henry V. of England, 334. Henry VI. of England, anecdote of, 128. Henry VII. of England, 332, 333. Henry IV. of France, xii, 11 n, 355, 359- Henry, Duke of Gloucester, his death, 30 and n. Henry, Prince of Wales, death of, 163 and n. Henryes daughter, 333 and n. Hephaestion, xlvi, 259-60, 376, 283, 285, 286, 290. Hesiod, xliii, 199. Hester, 233 »., 236 ??., 266 n. Hevah, 197. Hezekiah, 198. Higginson, Rev. Francis, his arrival in America, xxix. His company, XXX. Hildersham, Rev. Arthur, xiii. Hippocrates, i^-\. Mrs. Bradstreet's knowledge of, 1. Hobart, Rev. Peter, 413 n. Holland, 332, 334. Saved, 162. Holmes, Dr. O. W., a descendant of Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixix. Holyoke, Rev. Edward, 74 n. Homer, xliii, 85, 199, 288, 347. Translated by Chapman, xvii. Hooker's "Ecclesiastical Polity," xx. Hooker, Rev. Thomas, his congre- gation leaves Mount Wollaston for Newtown (Cambridge), xxxiv. He arrives in Boston, and goes to Newtown, ib. Horatii, 325. Horseleach, two daughters of the, 61 and n. Hoshea, 195. Hostilius, Tullus, 325-6. Hottinger, Ixvi. House, verses on the burning of her, 40. H- S , Poetical address to the au- thor, 92. Hubbard, Richard, of Ipswich, 401 «. Marries Sarah Bradstreet, Ixvii n. Hubbard, Rev. William, 401 n. His brother marries Sarah Bradstreet, Ixvii n. Hull, John, goes to England with the Commissioners, Bradstreet and Norton, Ix, 32 n. His ac- count of the passage and the mis- sion of the Commissioners, 32 n. His account of the loss of James Garrett's ship, 29 n. His notice of safe return of the Commission- ers, 38 n. Hume, his account of the death of the Duke of Gloucester and the Princess of Orange, 30 71.. His estimate of those killed in the In- surrection in Ireland, 164 n. Humours, The Four, xli, Ixv, 123- 46. Humphrey, John, xxvi. Husband, verses on his restoration from an Ague, 27. Verses in soli- tary hours during his absence, 34. Verses in acknowledgment of let- ters received from, 37. Verses on his safe arrival home, 38. Verses to my dear and loving, 394. Let- ter to her, absent on Publick Em- ployment, 394-5. Another, 395-7. Another, 397-8. Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy, her account of the treatment of the Puritans by the Stage, &c., xvii. Hydaspes, The, 278, 279. Hypatia (Hippatia), Ixvi. Ince, Mr., 29 n- Indians, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv, Ixiii, Ixvii n. In reference to her children. Poem, 400-3. Insurrection in Ireland, 164 and «., 165 n., 336. INDEX. 427 Interregnum between Cambyses and Darius Hjstaspes, 216-17. Ipswich settled, xxxv. Church gath- ered there, ib. Precautions in, against Indians, xxxv-vi. Mrs. Bradstreet's residence at, xxxv-vi, 394- Ireland, insurrection in, 164 and «., 165 «., 336. Qiielling of the Earl of Tyrone's rebellion in, 360. Isle de Rhe', Buckingham's attempt to take, 163 and n. Israel, 197. Dispersing of the Ten Tribes of, 196. Ister (Danube), bridge over the, 220. Italy, how Sicily cut from, 117. Ivah (Juah), 197. Ivry, battle of, li «. I. W., explanations of the initials, 88 n. His poetical address to the author, 86-8. J- Jacoban Age of English Literature, xv-xx. Jaddus, 261. Jamaica, Samuel Bradstreet goes to, Ixvii n. James I. of England, xvi, xix, xxiii, 1, 163 and nn. Religious char- acter of his reign, xix-xx. Poets of the reign of, xviii. Jane, Lady Jane Grey, 335. Janus, Temple of, 325. Jaxartes, The, 275. Jehoiakim, 200-2, 204. Jehu, 314. Jerusalem, rebuilding of, 234. "Jewell," The, xxvii. Jews, Captivity of the, 2ii. Dari- us's Edict for the rebuilding of their temple, 219-20. Jezreel, 314. Jim, Ziin and, 203 and n. John, King of England, 333. Johnson, Dr., his opinion of Knolles' History of the Turks, xix. Johnson, Edward, quoted, xxxi. Johnson, Isaac, xxvii. Constitutes Dudley one of the executors of his will, xiv. The Lady Arbella, his wife, xxvii, xxxi. Enters into Church covenant, xxxi. Jonah, 192; Jonathan, David's Lamentation for Saul and, 363-4. Jonson, Ben, xvi. Joshua commands the sun to stand ' still, 170 n. Josselyn's mention of Francis Quarles, xviii. Joy in God, verses on, 18. Juah, 197. July, named from Julius Ccesar, 174. K. Keayne, Major Benjamin, marries Sarah Dudley, liii n. Kedar, 203. Knolles, Richard, his " History of the Turks," xix. Quoted, 173 ;/. Korah and Dathan, destruction of. L. Lamb, Charles, vii. Lancastrians, 333. Lapland, 178. Lathyrus, Ptolemy, 319. Latin, authors, Mrs. Bradstreet's acquaintance with, xliii-iv. Mrs. Bradstreet's knowledge of, ih. Translation of Dedication and first four "Meditations," 74. Laud, Archbishop, 336 n. His cen- sorship of the press, xx. His treatment of the Puritans, xxiii-iv. Imprisoned, 338 and n. Beheaded, 164 and n. Lawrence, xxxix, Ixiii. Lee, Mrs. Eliza B., a descendant of Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixix. Leonatus, 292, 293. Leonidas, 226-7. Leverett, Gov. John, his daughter marries Paul Dudley, liii n. Si- inon Bradstreet succeeds him as Governor, Ixx. Leverett, Mary, marries Paul Dud- ley, liii n. Lewis. See Louis. Lincoln, Countess of, Dudley's letter to, xxvi »., xxvii «., xxx, xxxiii and n. Lincoln, Earl of, Henry de Clinton, dies in 1616, xiii. Thomas, suc- ceeds him, xiii. Theophilus, Earl of, xiii, xxi, xxii, xxvii. Takes Dudley as his steward, xiii. His connection with Dudley, ib. Lisbon, 359. 428 INDEX. Lissus, 226. Literature, English, at the close of the Elizabethan Age, xv-xx. London, Great Fire of, 107, 108 n. Longing for Heaven, verses express- ing her, 42. Louis Vin. of France, 333 n. Lucretia, 328. Lucullus, 318. Lud, Put and, 203. Lysimachus, 307, 310, 314-16. M. Maccabees, 318. Magi, 216. Manasseh, 198. Mandana, 208. Man's Constitution, The Four Hu- inours in, xli, Ixv, 123-46. Man, The Four Ages of, xli, Ixv, 147-67. Marathon, Battle of, 221. Marblehead, Mass., Second Church in. 75- Marcellus, 137. March, Earl of, 333. Marcius, Ancus, 326. Mardonius, 223-4, 229-30. Maro, 410, 411. Martel, 355. Mary, Princess of Orange, her death, 30 and n. Mather, Cotton, Iv. The verses which he attributes to Gov. T. Dudley, Ivi «. His eulogy on Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixv-vi. His opin- ion of President John Rogers, 96 n. Matilda, the Empress, 333 n. Massachusetts Company, xvi, xxiv, xxvi. Motives of those who trans- ferred it to America, xxv. Em- barkation for New England, xxvii. Massachusetts Colonists, their fare- well to their brethren in and of the Church of England, xxvii-viii. Their voyage to New England, xxvii i; and arrival there, xxix. Massachusetts Colony, its condition in 1630, XXX, xxxii. Its course in the civil war, lix. Treatment of the Quakers, ib. Obliged to send agents to England, lix-lx. Suc- cess of the mission, Ix. Dissolu- tion of the charter, Ixx. Estab- lishment of the Provisional Gov- ernment, ib. Governed by An- dros, ib. Re-establishment of Charter Government in, ib. Massachusetts Bay, Sir William Phipps made Governor of the Province of the, Ixx-i. The new charter of, ib. Massinger, Philip, xvi. Maud, 331, 333 and n. Mayhew, Mr., son of the Indian teacher at Martha's Vineyard, his loss at sea, 29 n. Meditations Divink and Moral, 45-76. Dedication of, 47. Manu- script of, viii-x. Fac-simile of dedication of, between 46 and 47. Their composition, character, and originality, Ixi. Latin Transla- tion of the dedication and first four of, 74-75. Occasional, 11. On Spiritual Consolations, 16. Melancholy, xli, 136-41. Meleager, 291. Memucan, 233. Menahem, 193. Merodach Balladan, 198. Meroe, 215 and n. Meroz, (Mero's) curse, 340 and n. Merrimac, The river, xxxviii, Ixiii. Methuselah, 373. Michaud's notice of Du Bartas, li n. Midas, 254. Middle Age, xli, 156-61. Middleton, Thomas, xvi. Milan (Millain), Charles the Fifth, his taking of, 121. Miltiades, 221. Milton, his "Comus" quoted, Ixiii. His nephew Edward Phillips, Ixv. Mnemon, Artaxerxes, 237-46. Moab, 203. Monarchies, The Four, xli, Ixv, 181- 328. Sources from which Mrs. Bradstreet derived materials for the Poem of, xliii-1. The Assyr- ian, xli, 181-207. The Grecian, xli, 251-321. The Persian, xli, 208-50. The Roman, xli, 323-8. Monarchist, Mrs. Bradstreet inclined to be a, Ixiv. Montaigne, translated into English by John Floric, xvii Moore, Jacob B., quoted, xi. Mordecai, 234, 266. More, Miss Hannah, her popularity as a writer, Ixii n. More, SirThomas, his daughter, Ixvi. Mount Desert, its appearance from the sea, xxviii. Mycale, 231. INDEX. 429 N. Nabanassar, 195-6. Nanni, Giovanni, 1S8 n. Napier, John, Baron of Merchiston, xxi. Narragansett Fort, Ixix. Nebopolassar, 199-204. Nebuchadnezzar, 199-204. Nebulassar, 198-9. Necho, Pharaoh, 200. Nehemiah, 234, 246 n. Netherlands, Archduke Albert made Governor of, 162 n. New England, 91. Sir Edmund An- dros. Governor of, Ixx. T. Dud- ley one of founders of, xi, 366. Dialogue between Old and, xli-ii, lii, 330-43. New London, Conn., Simon Brad- street minister of, Ixvii n. Newtown. See Cambridge. N. H., commendatory verses by, 91. Nicea, 278. NicoUs, Thomas, "Judge Nichols," employs Dudley as clerk, xii. Nimrod, 181-2. Same as Saturn, 182. Nineveh, 183, 198. Rebuilt, 193. Ninias, 187-8. Supposed to be Am- raphel, 187. Ninus, 183. Nod, Land of, 375. Noe, Flood of, n8. Nonconformists, their treatment un- der Archbishops Bancroft and Abbot, xxii-iii. Nonconformist ministers, their num- ber in 1603, xxiv. North Andover, first part of the town settled, xxxvii. Oldest house in, xxxvii -viii. Description of, xxxviii-ix. North, Sir Thomas, his translation of Plutarch's Lives, xvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's indebtedness to, xlix-1. Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, supposed ancestor of Gov. Dudley, xi-xii. Norton, Rev. John, of Boston, 413 n. His mission to England with Si- mon Bradstreet, his cold reception on his return, and his death, Ix-i. His mission to England, 32 n. Safe return from mission, 38 n. Norton, Rev. John, of Hingham, sketch of, 413 n. His Funeral Elegy upon Mrs. Bradstreet, v, 409-13. Nothus, Darius, 235-7. Nov-Anglia, 91. Nowell, Increase, enters into church covenant, xxxi. Remains in Charlestown, xxxii. Numa Pompilius, 325. Nysa, built by Bacchus, 276. o. Oakes, Rev. Urian, 96 n. Occasional Meditations, 11. Ochus, Darius, 247 and n. Ochus, 249 «., 263. Ocrazapes, 189. Ohim, 203 n. Old Age, xli, 161-7. Old England and New, Dialogue between, xli-ii, lii, 330-43. Old Testament, Greek version of, 319 and n. Oliver, James, 40S «. Olympias, 251, 286, 300, 302-6, 310, 311- Oraphis, 276. Orange, Mar}', Princess of, her death, 30 and n. Reception of the news in Boston of the land- ing of the Prince of, in England, Ixx. Orthobulus, 173 and n. Ostia, building of, 326. Ovid, xliii, 199. Oxus, 273. P. Pacye, , marries Sarah Dudley, liii n. Palatinate, 163, 165 n. Papists, Mrs. Bradstreet's hatred of, Ixiv. Paracelsians, 105. Parker, Mr. Thomas, xxxix. Parliament, 337, 343 n. Mrs. Brad- street's sympathy with, at the time of the civil war, Ixiv. Parliament and Charles I., xxv. Parmenio,xlvii, 254, 25S-60, 264, 267. Murder of, 282-3. Pasargadse, xlvi, 211. Paul's, St., Sir P. Sidney buried in, 351. Paulus, L. yEmilius, 317. Pausanias, 251. Peele, Mr. Robert, Ixxi n. Pelham, Mr., 29 n. 43° INDEX. Pemble, William, 249 n. Notice of, xliii n. Mrs. Bradstreet's acquaint- ance with his " Period of the Per- sian Monarchie," xliii. Pepin, 355. Percy Society, its reprint of the old moral play, " The Interlude of the Four Elements," xli n. Perdiccas, 290-8, 309-10. Perkins, Sarah, marries John Brad- street, Ixvii n Perkins, Rev. Wm., his daughter marries John Bradstreet, ib. Perseus, 317. Persian Monarchy, xli, 208-350. Peucestas, 306. Pharaohs, 203. Pharaoh Necho, 200. Phila, 294. Philadelphus, Ptolemy, 315, 318. Philip II., Father of Alexander the Great, 251, 352, 292. Philip, son of Antipater, 287. Philip, 307, 311, 313-14. Philip, son of Demetrius, 317. Philip II. of Spain, xii, 162 and »., 359- Phillips, Edward, his notice of Mrs. Bradstreet in his "Theatrura Poe- tarum," Ixv. Phillips, Mr. Wendell, a descendant of Mrs. Bradstreet, Ixix. Philometor, Ptolemy, 319. Philopator, Ptolemy, ib. Philotas, 259. Murder of, 281-2. Phipps, Sir Wm., made Governor of Massachusetts Bay, Ixx-i. Phlegm. See Flegme. Pickman, Ben., sells the Bradstreet tomb at Salem, Ixxi n. Pickman, Col. B., ib. Pierse, John, 29 n. Pistyrus, Lake, 226. Plague, The Great, in London, 334 and n. Pliny, xliii, 107 and a., 115. Plot, Gunpowder, 165 n. Plutarch, 246. Plutarch's Lives, 297. Translated by Sir Thomas North, xvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's indebtedness to, xlix-1. Poems, 77-413, Ixvi. Their merit, xlii, Ixiii. Character considered, Ixi. Their originality, xlii - lii. Their revision, Ixiv. Plan of first four longer, xli. First edition of, v, 79. First edition of when pub- lished, xl and xli ». Fac-simile of titlepage of first edition of, v, 79. Second edition of, v, vii-viii, ixvi, 81. Fac-simile of titlepage of second edition of, v, 81. The alterations in, v, vii-viii, Ixiv. Third edition of, v-vii. Posthu- mous, 391-408. Present edition of, plan pursued, vii. Poetical Address of L W. to the Author, 86. Of H. 8., 92. Polyphemus, xlix, 289. Polysperchon, 299-302, 304, 310. Polystratus, 270. Pompilius, Numa, 325. Popelings, 340-1. Porus, 276-8 Prague, Battle of, 163 n. Praise of God, verses on, 17. Praxaspes, 214. Prayers, hearing of, 7. Preston, Rev. Dr., xxi, xxii. Price, Theodore, his widow marries Dudley Bradstreet, Ixvii n. Priscus, Tarquinius, 326-7. Prologue, Ixii, 100. Provisional Government, establish- ment of, in Massachusetts, Ixx. Prynne, William, has the letters " S. L." branded on his cheeks, 336 n. Ptolemy, Soter, 277, 295, 296, 300, 307-12, 315, 316, 318. Ptolemy, Philadelphus, 315, 318-19. Ptolemy, Ceraunus, 316. Ptolemy, Euergetes, 3(9. Ptolemy, Philopator, ib. Ptolemy, Epiphanes, ib. Ptolemy, Philometor, ib. Ptolemy, Euergetes II., ib. Ptolemy, Lathyrus, ib. Ptolemy, Alexander, ib. Ptolemy, Auletes, ib. Pul, 193. Puritans, and the Stage, xvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's sympathy with, at the time of the civil war, Ixiv. Put and Lud, 203. Pyraustes, 106. Pyrrhus, 316. Pythias, 224-5. Python, 296-8. Quakers, their treatment in Massa- chusetts, lix. Success of their ex- ertions against Massachusetts at the court of Charles II., lix-lx. INDEX. 431 QLiarles, Francis, his "Emblems," xviii. A friend of tlie New-Eng- land men, ib. C^ieen Elizabeth, Poem in honor of, 87 and K., 357-62. See Eliza- beth. Qiiintius, Titus, 317. Quintus Curtius, 265. R. Raleigh, Sir Walter, writes his '■ History of the World," xix. His "History of the World," 188 «., 2451 249 n. Concerning the spu- rious works of Berosus, 188 n. Mrs. Bradstreet's indebtedness to, xliii-ix. Reader, Address to, xl, 83-4. Recovery from Sickness, Verses on, 26. Ree, 163, 165 n. See Rhc. Religious Experiences and Oc- casional Pieces, 1-44. Manu- script of, viii-x. Religious Experiences, 2, 3. Writ- ing of, Ivii. Remus, 323. Respite from Sickness, May 11, 1661, 25- Rhea, Silvia, 323. Rhe', Isle de, Buckingham's attempt to take, 163 and n. Rich, Lord, xxii. Richard II. of England, 332, 333. Richard III. of England, /^. Origin of his appellation of "boar," 332 n. Richmond, Earl of, 332, 333. Right, the Petition of, xxv. Rochelle (Rochel), 163 and »., 336. Rogers, Rev. Ezekiel, his epitaph on Gov. T. Dudley, Iv. Rogers, President John, sketch of, 96 n. His commendatory verses on Mrs. Bradstreet's Poems, v, xlii, 93-6. Rogers, Rev. Nathaniel, of Ipswich, 96 n. Succeeds Rev. N. Ward as pastor, XXXV. Roman Monarchy, xli, 323-8. Rea- son of its non-completion, Ixi. Romans, the last King of the, 32S. Romanists, xxiii. Rome, 342. Romulus, 323-4. Rosweide (Rosuida), Ixvi. Roxana, 290, 309. Roxbury, easy circumstances of the people there, Ivi. Free school founded there, Ivi-vii. Mrs. Bradstreet probably buried there, Ixv. R. Q^, commendatory verses by, 90 n. Safety, Council of, in Massachusetts, Ixvii «., Ixx. St. Louis, 355. St. Paul, his idea of the strife be- tween the Flesh and the Spirit, 381 71. Salamis, Battle of, 228. Salem, Massachusetts, settlement of, XXX. Charter-street burying- ground in, Ixxi n. Salmanassar, 195-6. Sardanapalus, 189-92. Sardes, 209. Sarocchia, Ixvi. Satrapes, The, 216, 217. Saturn, same as Nimrod, 1S2. Saul and Jonathan, 363-4. David's Lamentation for, tb. Savage, Mr. James, his opinion as to the passengers on the " Ar- bella," xxvii. Saye and Sele, Lord, recommends Dudley to the Earl of Lincoln as steward, xiii. Schurmann (Schurnian), Anna Ma- ria de, Ixvi. Scipio, 318. Scotland, 334. Scots, 332. Seasons, The Four, xli, Ixv, 168-79. Sebastia, 173 and n. Second edition of " Poems." See Poems. Second Monarchy, 20S-50. Seleucus, 291, 307, 308, 312-17. Seleucus II., 317. Seleucus III., 318. Seleucus IV. (Philopator), ib. Seleucus, Epiphanes, ib. Semiramis, 184-6, 265-360. Mrs. Bradstreet's account of the legend concerning her death taken from Raleigh's "History of the World," xlvii-viii. Sempringham, Castle of the Earl of Lincoln, xxi, liii n. Seneca, xliii. Qiioted, 284-5. Mrs. Bradstreet's apparent quotation from, taken from Raleigh, xliv-v. 432 INDEX. Sennacherib, 197. Separatists, xxiii. Colonized Plym- outh, XXV. Sepharvaim (Sperharvaim), 197 «. Septuagint, 319 and n. Serjeant Death, 156 tin. Servius TuUius, 327. Sewel, William, the Quaker histo- rian, his account of the conduct and danger of Bradstreet and Norton, when commissioners in England, Ix-i. Sextus, son of Tarquinius Superbus, 328. Shakespeare, xvi. Quoted, 156 «. Mrs. Bradstreet appears to have read, xvi-vii. Sharpe, Thomas, xx:fi. Shelton's translation of " Don Quix- ote," xvi. Shufhan or Sushan, 256, 266 and «., 267, 280, 306, 308. Sibbs, Dr. Richard, xx. Sicily, how cut from Italy, 117. Sickness, and Weakness, after much, Aug. 28, 1656, 20. After a sore fit of, May 11, 1657, 21. Respite from, May 11, 1661, 25. Verses on recovery from, 26. Poem upon a fit of. Anno 1632, lii, 391-2. Sidney, Sir Philip, xvi. A literary favorite of Mrs. Bradstreet, lii. Her criticisms on, ib. His "Ar- cadia," 345. ' ' Tragick Comedies," 345. Mrs. Bradstreet's idea of her family connection with him, xi- xii. Her Elegy upon him, xlii, lii, 344-52. His widow, 348 and n. Sidon, 259. Simple Cobbler of Agawam, 85 «. Sisygambis, 256. Smerdis, 213 n., 216. •' Society," The ship, the Commis- sioners Bradstreet and Norton re- turn in, Ix. Socrates, one of the officers of Alex- ander the Great, 259. Sodom and Gomorrah's King, 187. Solon, 209-10, 210 «. Soter, Antiochus, 317. Spain's Americans, 116. Monarch, 359- Spanish Armada, 332, 333, 359. De- struction of, 162 n. Speed, John, xix. His " Historie of Great Britaine," 358 and n. Mrs. Bradstreet's knowledge of, lii. Spelman, Sir Henry, xix. Spenser, Edmund, xvi, 348 and «., 358. Mrs. Bradstreet's knowledge of his works, lii. Spirit, The Flesh and the, 381-5. Spring, xli, 168-72. Stateira, 280. Staurobates, xlvii-viii, 186. Stephen, King of England, 331, 333 and «. Stephen of Blois, 333 n. Stoics, 387. Strafford, the Earl of, beheaded, 164 and «., 165 «., 338. Stratonice, 313. Summer, xli, 172-6. Superbus, Tarquinius, 328. Sylvester, Joshua, his translation of DuBartas, xvii. Mrs. Bradstreet's fondness for this book, li. Milton's obligations to, tb. Editions of, li «. Concerning Sir P. Sidney, 349 and K., 350. Syraonds, Samuel, Simon Bradstreet succeeds him as Deputy Governor, Ixx. Syria, 200. Subdued, 194-5. T. " Talbot," The, xxvii. Tamerlane, 173 n. Tanaquil, 327. Tarquinius Priscus, 326-7. Tarquinius Superbus, 328. Tarquins, Expulsion of the, 328. Thalestris, 271. Thebes, 252, 306, 308. Themistocles, 228, 234-5. Theos, Antiochus, 317. Thermopylee, Battle of, 226-7. Thessalonica, 307. Third Monarchy, 251-321. Thornton, Mrs. Eliza G., a descend- ant of Mrs. Braditreet, Ixix. Thucydides, xliii, 199. Tiglath-Pileser, 194-5. Tigranes, 318. Tilbury, Queen Elizabeth's camp at, 360. Tissaphernes, 243-5. Tithraustes, 245. Titlepages of " Poems.'' See. Poems. Titus Quintius, 317. To her Father with some verses, 398-9- Tomris, 2ii, 360. Topsfield, Ixvii ». Trabezond, 244. INDEX. 433 Troj, 107, 142, 188, 253, 34S. Tudor, 333. TuUius, Servius, 327. Tulliis Hostilius, 32i;-6. Tully, 411. Turkey, 342. Twiss, Rev. Wm., D.D., 89 h. Tyburn, 341. Tygris, 191. Tyng, Edward, his daughter marries Joseph Dudley, liii n. Tyng, Mercy, wife of Samuel Brad- street, Ixvii «., 407-S. Tyng, Rebecca, marries Joseph Dud- ley, liii n. Tyng, William, 407 «. His daughter marries Samuel Bradstreet, Ixvii n. Tyre, 200, 258-9. Tyrone, Earl of, suppression of his rebellion in Ireland, 360. u. Ulysses, xlix, 289. Usher, Archbishop, xix, xx, 188. ISIrs. Bradstreet's acquaintance with his " Annals of the World," xliii-iv. Usher, Hezekiah, senior, 29 11. V. ^^alley of Baca, 21 and n., 23. Vanity of all Worldly Things, Poem, 3S6-8, 363 „. Vashti, 233. Verses, May 13, 16^7, 22. Virgil, xliii, 199, 410, 411. Voetius, Ixvi. w. Wade, Major Nathaniel, marries Mercy Bradstreet, Ixvii n. Ward, Mr. Geo. A., editor of Cur- wen's Journal and Letters, Ixxi, n. Ward, Rev. Nathaniel, mention of, 85 n. Made Pastor of Church in Ipswich, XXXV. His Commenda- tory %'erses on Mrs. Bradstreet's Poems, xl-i, 85. Ward, Major Samuel, marries Sarah Bradstreet, Ixvii u. Warwick, the Countess of, Brad- .strect steward of, xxii. Warwick, the Earl of, ib. Water, xli, 114-18. Watt's notice of the works of Hel- kiah Crooke, M.D., 1 n. Weakness and Sickness, After much, Aug. 28, 1656, 20. After sore. May II, 1657, 21. Weakness and Fainting, Sept. 30, 1657- 23- Webster, John, xvi. Wiggin, Andrew, marries Hannah Bradstreet, Ixvii «., 28 «. Wiggin, Hannah, verses on her re- covery from a fever, 28. Wight, Yarmouth on the Isle of, xxvii. Williams, Bishop, xxiii. William the Conqueror, 331. Wilson, Rev. John, enters into church covenant, xxxi. Winter, xli, 178-9. Winthrop, Gov. John, xviii,' xxvi, xxvii, xxix, xxxi, liii «., 35 n. Enters into church covenant, xxxi. Moves to Boston, xxxii. Moves to Cambridge, xxxiii. Returns to Boston, xxxiv. Alienation from Dudley, ib. Chosen Councillor for life, liv. Winthrop, John, Jr., xxxvii. Begins a _ settlement at Agawam (Ips- wich), xxxv. Winthrop, Mary, daughter of Gov. John, marries Samuel Dudley, liii n. Witchcraft Delusion, Dudley Brad- street's connection with, Ixvii n. Wither, George, xviii. Women as writers of books, Ixii, 83-92. Wood, Ann, marries Dudley Brad- street, Ixvii n. Wood, William, his description of Cambridge, xxxiv. Woodbridge, Rev. Benjamin, sketch of, 89 «. His commendatory verses upon Mrs. Bradstreet, xli, 89. Woodbridge, Rev. John, 88 «., 89 «. Sketch of, xxxix. Marries Mercy Dudley, xxxix, liii 71., 88. One of the first settlers at Andover, xxxvi. Buys the land on which the town was founded, xxxvii. Goes to England, 88 «, xxxix. Concerned in publishing Mrs. Bradstreet's poems, xl. His commendation of Mrs. Bradstreet and her poems, xl. His Poetical Address to her, 86-8. His Address to the Reader, 83-4- 55 434 INDEX. Woodbridge, Lucy, daughter of the Rev. John, marries her cousin, the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, Ixvii n. World, Gov. Dudley's poem on the Four Parts of the, Iv, 97. World, The Four Monarchies of the, Ixv, 181-329. Sources from which it was taken, xli-1. Worldly Creatures, poem on the vanity of all, xlii. Worldly Things, The Vanity of all. Poem, 386-8, and 363 n. X. Xenophon, xliii, 211, 237. Leads home the Greeks, 243. Mrs. Brad- street's apparent quotation from, taken from Raleigh, xlvi. Xerxes, 222-32, 274. Mrs. Brad- street's account of his accession to the throne, taken from Raleigh, xlviii. Y. Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight, xxvii. Year, The Four Seasons of the, xli, Lxv, 168-79. York, Duke of, 30 «., 333. Youth, xli, 152-6. Zamies, 187-8. Zenobia, 361. Zidon, or Sidon, 259. Zim and Jim, 203 and n. Zion, 196, 202, 203. Zutphen, xvi. Sir Philip Sidney slain at the siege of, 344 and ». CAMBRrOGE : PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON.