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 arV172 
 
 Midias / 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 
 206 935 
 
The original of tliis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031206935 
 
DEMOSTHENIS 
 
 MIDIAS 
 
 TVITH ENGLISH NOTES TOE THE USE OF SCHOOLS ; 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR HOLMES, M. A., 
 
 BELLOW AITD LBCTTTREB OV CLABE COLLE&E, CAUBBIDGrB; 
 LECTITBBB OF ST. JOHn'S COLLEGE AND OF EU&CAIfnEL. 
 
 Second Edition. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: ^, W I; f , 
 
 E. JOHNSON, TRINITY STREET^. ^' 
 
 /' 
 
 LONDON : HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO., 32, PATEKNOSIEB BOW. y/^^ 
 
 , '' . HI 
 
 1868. ,\^c\ ■■ / 
 
X 
 
P R E E A C E. 
 
 This short edition of tlie Midias is intended only for the 
 use of higher forms ia public schools, or of those members 
 of the University who are not reading with a view to 
 Classical honours : the requirements of more advanced 
 students have been so thoroughly supplied by Buttmann, 
 Reiske, S chafer, and the legion of Demosthenic editors, that 
 it would be both superfluous and presumptuous on my part, 
 to trespass on territory which they have completely and 
 most duly appropriated. With this view, I have endeav- 
 oured to put my notes in the simplest possible form, and 
 descended to explanations, both on points of archaeology 
 and grammar, the minuteness of which may, I fear, be 
 regarded as almost puerile : if, however, I shall have 
 been successful in smoothing the path of a few begioners, 
 it will be ample compensation to myself for any censure 
 on this particular head. 
 
 The hmited scope of my undertaking has also deterred 
 me from entering at length on varieties of readings and 
 manuscripts : such as materially afiect the sense of any 
 passage are noticed in the briefest terms. It is needless 
 to say that Buttmann's excellent edition has supplied me 
 with large materials: I have iaclnded the substance of 
 his Excursions and Index, to such an extent as I thought 
 consistent, prefixing a brief analysis of his Prolegomena, 
 which seemed to form the most suitable introduction. His 
 more abstruse investigations were scarcely apphcable to so 
 elementary a work; but I found it necessary to make 
 some additions of my own and some from other sources : 
 
IT. PBErACE. 
 
 Buttmaiin, wMle on many points he consiiltB the interest 
 of ti/rones with most exemplary tenderness, is apt to pass 
 in silence occasional difficulties, the solution of which is 
 i&T from obvious to a novice. A very few corrections I 
 have also ventured on : his new edition did not appear in 
 time to help me. 
 
 I should mention, in justice to myself, that I do not 
 intend all the passages marked with inverted commas, to 
 be regarded as literal translations : they are, in many 
 instances, only paraphrases, to convey the general meaning 
 of the author, without including all the minor words and 
 embelhshments of the construction. My wish has been to 
 supply a beginner with Sufficient help to save him from 
 recourse to an Bnghsh Version, and yet to leave him 
 sufficient difficulty for the reqidsite mental exercise which 
 leads to real improvement. 
 
 Cambbldge, 
 
 November, 1862. 
 
 In pubhshing a second edition of this little book I have 
 made no attempt to alter its very elementary character ; but 
 the whole of the notes have been carefully revised, and the 
 text is now nearly identical with that of Dindorf, instead of 
 being reprinted from Buttmann. 
 
 For many valuable suggestions I have to offer my best 
 thanks to Dr. Kennedy, Regius Professor of Greek and late 
 Head Master of Shrewsbury; to Mr. Burn, Tutor of Trinity; 
 and to Mr. F. A. Paley, for whose kind and judicious 
 criticism I am bound to express myself most deeply 
 grateful. 
 
 Cambeidge, 
 
 July, 18C~. 
 
INTEODtrCTION. 
 
 To estimate the perfection of Gfreek forensic speakiag, we 
 must remember what was the class of persons whom the 
 advocate wonld have to address in court. The judicial 
 pow^er was vested in the low^er orders ; they would naturally 
 fail to appreciate an exhibition of profound learning or 
 technical subtlety; they would require persuading as well 
 as convincing; and while the orator had need to make his 
 case perspicuous to the simplest and most uneducated 
 capacities, he had also to carry his auditors with him by 
 the power and fervour of eloquence itself. 
 
 In the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, the 
 lower classes have always possessed a greater share of 
 intelligence and wit, than can fairly be attributed to the 
 same grade of society in Iforthern Europe. Of this, the 
 Athenians were a most brilUant example, as the history of 
 their republic, from the time of CUsthenes to Pericles, 
 sufficiently indicates. Their dehght in art and hterature, 
 advanced their civilization to the furthest limit of refine- 
 ment; their innate reverence for the gods of their native 
 land, endowed their actions with a deeply rehgious spirit; 
 their patriotism gave strength to their laws and constitu- 
 tions ; their cosmopolitan temper forbad them, while con- 
 sulting for their city's welfare, to neglect the interests of 
 the rest of Greece. But the power of the democracy at 
 length passed the limits of toleration; intestine discord 
 rapidly ensued; and then the lust of wealth and empire, 
 
VI. INl'EODUCTION. 
 
 the growth of luxury, the disparagement of integrity, the 
 depravatLon of moral and iatellectual virtues, hastened to 
 undermine the structure of the state. In the time of Demos- 
 thenes rehgion had degenerated iato mere sumptuous solemnites, 
 spectacles and festivals; patriotism had sunk into barefaced 
 plundering of allies and citizens. Those public burdens which 
 it was formerly reckoned so high an honour to discharge, 
 were now regarded by the wealthy as a serious pecuniary 
 loss ; or at best as a sop to fling in the voracious maw of 
 the people, as a stepping stone to unrighteous power, to be 
 still more unrighteously wielded. Still the recollection of 
 their former glories and former virtues was alive in Athenian 
 hearts, and we can easily observe how skilfully the orator 
 endeavours to work upon this feeling, rousing them to the 
 protection of their commonwealth and the safeguard of their 
 old institutions. Doubtless it requires no ordinary effort to 
 produced this wholesom.e result : jurors of Athens who took 
 their seats in court with no higher object than to feed the 
 Treasury, and to feed themselves, would be more open to the 
 persuasion of his adversary's bribes than to the conviction 
 of the orator's eloquence. 
 
 The wealth and luxury of Midias, and the abuse he 
 made of his social position, are alluded to by Diogenes 
 Laertius, in his life of Diogenes the Cynic : aWa koI 
 MetSlov KovSvXicravTO'; avrov (Diogenes) koX elirovro'i, 
 Tpia-^lXMl crot. Kelvrai iwl rfi rpave^rj, ry varepaia 
 •TrvKTiKovs XajScov ifidvTas koX KaTdKorjcra'; avrov e<jy7], 
 Tpiajd-Xiai <70i Kelvrai hr\ rpaire^rj. 
 
 That Midias was a pubHo and private enemy of Demos- 
 thenes, we may gather, from the regret ^schines expresses 
 that the former was no longer in the land of the hving. The 
 insult actually inflicted on Demosthenes was this : at the great 
 Dionysia he was fulfilling the office of choregus, in the 
 presence of the numerous spectators who flocked thither from 
 
INTEODUCTIOX, 
 
 all parts of Greece : Midias, -who had interfered with him ia 
 the previous details of his duty, as far as he possibly could, 
 then struck him in the open theatre, and bribed the judges 
 of the Dramatic performance to refuse the prize to his chorus. 
 This outrage Demosthenes wished to be punished with death, 
 and accordingly brought a pubUc charge against Midias, 
 laying a "plaint" {Trpo^oXi]) in the pubUc assembly. Midias 
 was there condemned as an offender against the sanctity of 
 the festival, and the subsequent action was instituted in the 
 court Heheea, according to the practice of Athenian law : 
 it is to support that action the present speech is made : 
 some time has elapsed since the laying of the plaint, the 
 matter^ has grown stale, and the popular indignation on the 
 subject has cooled : the orator's object is to revive it ; to 
 awaken their reKgious enthusiasm about the festival, that 
 their anger may be keener against the saeriligeous trans- 
 gressor. Indeed, unless they were reminded of this, they 
 would naturally conclude that the ends of justice might be 
 satisfied by a private suit against Midias for assault, without 
 the necessity of a pubHc trial. 
 
 The speech, therefore, opens with a vindication of the 
 irpo^oKr), the propriety of which proceeding, in the case 
 against Midias the orator contends was unquestionable. He 
 reminds the jury how reUgiously the authors of the law 
 irepX irpo^oKris had observed the sacred solemnities, and 
 how far worse outrage was involved in the proceedings of 
 Midias, than in the specified legal instances of sacrilege. 
 After relating the facts, but before confirming them by the 
 depositions of his witnesses, he offers to detail many other 
 stories of his adversary's brutality and insolence, which had 
 been left unpunished by the cowardice or impotence of his 
 several victims, and which the present was a good opportunity 
 to redress. Then calling his witnesses (none of whom, except- 
 ing the goldsmith, are mentioned in our text, whence it may 
 
YIU. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 be inferred there is a large OTnission of matter) he intended to 
 relate the rest of Midias' injuries towards himself personally - 
 as these details however would naturally lead the jury to 
 suppose that the quarrel at the Dionysia was of a private 
 character and between two old and personal enemies, and 
 as Midias would doubtless take advantage of such an opening, 
 the^orator attempts to clear the perception of the court, and 
 contends that, though the outrage was committed from private 
 motives, it was nevertheless a pubHo offence. He therefore 
 reminds them, that the punishment of an offender was not 
 designed to gratify his victim, but to preserve the laws under 
 which punishment was inflicted : that in outragiag a choregus, 
 the state, whereof he was officer, was equally insulted. 
 Futhermore, that an assault committed iu anger was far more 
 justifiable than one committed in. cold-blooded arrogance ; 
 that Midias was guilty of the latter ; and that such an exhi- 
 bition of insolence was properly considered an offence against 
 the state, as being subversive of society at large ; whence 
 actions for "TjSpt? were ordained to be of a public nature. To 
 confirm this, he reads the stringent law, which mentions death 
 as a suitable penalty for such offenders. The arrogance which 
 does not shrink from sacrilege itself, must needs be of the 
 most heinous order. That choirs and crowns are especially 
 sacred objects, is attested by the oracles themselves ; so that 
 the idea of their being merely for human gratification is 
 groundless, or at least untenable. Moreover, the sHghtest 
 act of private violence, even against religious offenders, was 
 suppressed in most men by reUgious motives : aad with their 
 forbearance the wanton insolence of Midias forms a glaring 
 contrast. Having so explained that the present outrage arose 
 from the arrogance and insolence of his assailant, he proceeds 
 to urge that this is the general character of the man, and so 
 introduces the beginning of the whole quarrel.. Demosthenes 
 had brought a private action against Midias, and one Strato, a 
 
INTEODTJCTIOK. 
 
 man of no legal experience or shrewdness, was ctosen arbiter : 
 Strato gave it against Midias by defatilt, but was guilty of 
 some technical informality, and thereby, (at Midias' revengeful 
 instigations) became legally disfranchised. The unhappy 
 Strato is bronght into court, that the sight of his sorrows may 
 harden the hearts of the jnry, in case Midias throws himself 
 on their compassion. From this the orator passes to the 
 rest of what he has suffered, at the hands of this pertinacious 
 enemy, who has tried to prevent this trial by mining 
 Demosthenes nnder various charges of murder, desertion, 
 and otherwise, reckless even of implicating others in his 
 fell : at this point the law against bribery is artfully inserted, 
 that the jurors may remember to what penalties they lay 
 themselves open, in case they hsten to the voice of corruption : 
 they are reminded that wealth is the strong bulwark on 
 which the arrogance of the accused has relied throughout; 
 and that the wealthy have far greater facilities for evading 
 legal retribution than their poorer brethren aspire to. This 
 latter point especially is dwelt on at great length and with 
 nauch eloquence. Having thus completed the history of his 
 own injuries, he proceeds at last to relate what other people 
 have suffered in the same quarter, proving that not individuals 
 only are concerned in many of the affairs, but corporate 
 bodies and the general public likewise : he instances par- 
 ticular cases where Midias has done injury of this compre- 
 hensive kind, and insinuates more even than he specifies. 
 Against such a villain it is impossible to naake an adequate 
 resistance, except the whole state combine and inflict on him 
 the fullest penalty of the law. Thus far we have the vindica- 
 tion of the form of action employed, viz. -. an impeachment for 
 High Treason. It was now important to stimulate the jury 
 to suitable severity. Personal or ancestral glory, they are re- 
 minded had never saved an insolent and outrageous offender. 
 The brilliant reign and services of Alcibiades are contrasted 
 
 b 
 
X. INTEODUCTION. 
 
 ■witli the low extraction, and hypocritical patriotism of Midias : 
 lie has been rewarded far to Hghly for all Ids contemptible 
 undertakings, and has disgracefully abused all his official 
 positions. After intimating that no punishment short of death 
 or confiscation would be a fitting sentence, he quotes instances 
 of severe penalties inflicted for sacrilege ; and that no inclina- 
 tion to clemency may be left to the jurors, he insists that such 
 clemency is absolute injustice, and refutes all the arguments 
 for the defence, hj anticipation, maintaining his point that 
 Midias is a real enemy to the people, however he may dis- 
 guise the fact; that he is a worthless wretch, who would 
 cause them all hereafter to repent of the mercy they had shewn 
 him. What advocates and intercessors may appear for the 
 accused, he stigmatizes as personal enemies to the prosecutor, 
 or else as wealthy aristocrats who share in the same spirit of 
 arrogance ; by rejecting their bribes, the jury will be acting in 
 their own interests no less than in the prosecutor's. After 
 the pubUc condemnation pronounced at the hearing of the 
 plaiut, during the sojourn of so many foreigners at Athens, an 
 acquittal now would disgrace the court. Finally, the laws 
 alone are the guarantees of safety, and the laws themselves can 
 only be preserved by the condign punishment of ofienders. 
 
 The general brillianoy of the speech, the knowledge of 
 human nature it displays, the moving and persuasive eloquence 
 that pervades it, the reader will himself discover. It has been 
 argued that the speech was hastily written and left ujipoHshed 
 though Demosthenes himself admits the contrary. (§ 62. a). 
 There are doubtless sundry repetitions ; but where an advo- 
 cate requires both to convince and to persuade, such circum- 
 stance is to be quite expected, For example, allusion is twice 
 made to the treatment of the lower classes by the wealthy few. 
 (§ 50. C. and § 54. b.) Strato's case is twice introduced, first 
 to prevent the jury from attending to the supplications of 
 Midias (as before stated), secondly, to recall the actual details 
 
INTEODTJCTION. Xl. 
 
 of Strato's ill-usage to their minds : as regards the simile of an 
 epavoi in reference to hnman hfe, the orator may have found 
 it applicable to two different passages and written it down in 
 both, intending to make up his mind hereafter at which of the 
 two points he should insert it when actually delivering his 
 oration. If we suspect the loss of some depositions after the 
 goldsmith's evidence, if the memoranda of Midias' misde- 
 meanours do not verbally appear, we need only conclude that 
 these documents by some accident were not preserved: it is 
 no convincing argument of hasty writing on the orator's part. 
 Bockh contends with great ingenuity that the speech, 
 although never spoken, was composed before Demosthenes 
 accepted the compromise from Midias and withdrew his action. 
 He fixes the date as the 4th year of the 106th Olympiad, 
 B.C. 353, though Taylor and Wolf maintain that there are 
 aUnsions to events of later occurrence. Of this we shaU see 
 more in the course of the oration itself. 
 
AIBANIOT 
 
 rnoessis tot rata meijiot aotot 
 
 nEPI TOT KONATAOT. 
 
 EopT^w ^you ol ^AdijvaLOi Atovuo-w, ^i/ eKoKovv iiro tov deov Atovvtria' ev 
 oe TavTT^ TpaytKol /cat KoifitKol Kal aifXriTtou x^pol Sirjyuivi^ovTO. KadLtrracrati 
 ie Tolis xopoJs al ipvXal, Sixa Tvyxavovcrai.' xoplV^' *e tT" 6/ta<rT?j! (puXiji, 509 
 
 COREIGENDA. 
 
 mit from the words ' 
 nother also." 
 
 p. 66, Moie, iveKpiuaTo....for "impeachment" read "indictment." 
 
 p. 65, no^e d.,1. 12, 13.... omii from the words "not that subscription" to 
 the words but another also." 
 
 ujSpeus v ice^eia^ otpetKet Sikijv. opiKos ouv 6 \6yo^ t^ (rrdaei^ tou fiev 
 WetSiov \eyovT09j v^piv eitrat tA irpa^fQei/, eireLdij TCTUTTTijKei/ av&pa e\eu- 
 6epoii' TOV Se AijfiOffdevov^ atye^etav, eiret^r} xo/Jijyos o TeTWTtjfievoij Kal 
 €V ALOvvffiot^g Kal eif t^ QeaTpta. ^td yiip TOirrwu Kal ijtrejBijKeuat t6v 
 MeStav <j>rjiTii/' ws elvat diirXovv opov KctTck trvXKrjyj/iVf oTav firj eK^aXKovTes 
 TO vird Tww ivTi^iKtav elcrayofievov ovofia Kol eTepoi/ avTU nrpoa-TidwfjLej/, 
 ayinrep ein-auda 6 Arifioademj^j tou MeiSiov XeyovTOi ifiptKevaij ovk eK^dXXei 
 /lev ouSk Triv iS^ptv, nrpoarWriiri &k aiiTy Kal ttji/ &(7e{3eiai/. ] 
 
 AAAH rnoeEsis. 5io 
 
 Atd(popoi irapd 'AQrjvaUn.^ vyovro eopTai. iv alfi ^v Ta Havadnvaiaj airep 
 fiv SnrXdj fitKpd Te Kai p.eydXa' Kal t& juei/ fieydXa /card trevTaeTrjptSa 
 eTTCTeXelTo, tA Sk puKpi. xard TpiernplSa. iu fiiv oiv toTs ueyaXoti yv/i- 
 vdaid Tu/a kyivovTO, Kal irpoi^dXXeTO i(j>' e/cao-r^s (pvXiji cU yvp.va<rlapxot. 
 
^ BEM03THENIS MIDIAS. 
 
 Kafxfiavmv yfivfiaTa ei<s t6 yvfj.vd'^^etv Toi/9 eirtTeXea-ouTai Tr/i/ kopTtjv Kal 
 SLSoyaL Tas tovtwv Sairdva^ xote tJ;s kavTOv <pv\i]^. ■^ycTO 6e irap ayroZs 
 KOL TO. Aiovv<Tta^ Kai Tav-ra SiTrXa^ fiiKpa. tc kol /leyaXa Kal Ta /xei/ 
 uiKpa riyeTo Ka-r eroSj to. fie p.eya.\a fiiA Tpiert-jpido^ ev xots Xi/yotSj ^v oTs 
 •n-jOoiz/SaXXeTO ^^opTjyd? (i0' efcdo-xfjs 0y\^s Trpds to Tpec^eiv -)(opovs 'iraiSioi' 
 Te /cai avBpuiU. e\dp.l3ave de els tovto '^(pvpLaTa. GTrtffTao'ijs 6e t^s eopTtj'S 
 'ijyajvi^ovTo tt/jos dWjjXous oi x°/'^y' ''^*'^ vp'-'^ovj iipvovs eh top Alovvo-ov 
 qdovTes. Kal toJ vikuivtl Tpiirovs to a6\6u jji/, CTretfir; Toy auTOV "HXtov Kat 
 ATToWotya Koi Aioyucroy iSovto. iravopevij^ Sh t^s eopx^s ev tw tt^owtw 
 /Liiji/i 'Trpou/SaWoyTo oi )(^opi]7oi t^s ju.e\XotJo-?js eopT^s. eu Toivvv tm 
 irapouTi KaiptZ 7rpO€(3Xvdi}(Tav oi -)(opr}yol e/cacTTjjs (JivXtj^, eaTrd.vt.'^e Se ri 
 JlavStovLSj V Tou Ar]p.O(rdevov^ (jyvXiij "xpprjyou, Kal ^jueXtjo-e to •TrpioTou 
 GToSj TO SevrepoVj to TptTov' edos fie tji/ irpd fxrjvos t^s eopTtj's tov apy^ovTa 
 uvvayeiv toijs '^opriyov's cKcicrTJjs 0uX^s eis to Kkjipovd^ai, nrepX Ttuv avXriTutv* 
 Kal eXQovruiv twv ')(opr\yS}V eKao'TT;9 ^uX^s irXriv tou t^s IXaufiioytfioSj Ifitoi/ 
 d AijpoadeitTji 'n)v eavTov (jyvXriv iTip-aX^opev-qv irapcC 'TrdvTtov tw ^hj^ KeKTTjcr- 
 6aL yppriydv avTeirdyyeXTOv Kal auToj^eipoToi/T^TOy eavTOV xopijydv ttj 
 
 511 ^fXfj Ka6io-TTia't ' /c(iyT6y0ei/ eTTT/yetTO 7ra/)« irdi/Ttov' Kal di] KXripovp-evov 
 avTov trepl twv aiiXtjTcvv avveirpa^ev aiiTto ri tv^V "TJ] 'JrpoBvpia ' kol 
 eXayev avTcp 6 /caXXiCTos Ttuf auXtjTwv b T7}Xe(pdi)rj9. QeXwv ouu 6 Aripoo'- 
 6evr{9 KOcrfjLrjfrai tov auTOu "^opov 'wXeov twv aXXwy, eirotrjo'ev auTOvs rpopecrai. 
 ypvcrov^ (7Te<pdvov^ ' Metfitas Se twv iroXLTevop.evcov Tts wv cr(f>6dpa ttXou- 
 CTtos Kai TToXXd fioya/xevoSj e)^0pd? tw AripLOcrdeveL yeyovuis 6id Tas a^Ttas 
 as epeX peTd fxiKpov eu t(o XoytOj TroXXa/cts Kal aXXa iraprivwyXet Kal 
 CTTij/ae'a^e, Kal dr] Kal^ tSs d Atjpoordevrj^ Xeyei, opiVvovTcov TUiV Kpvriov tw 
 KoXws aaavTL Sovvai Tj;y yiViji/ * i/uttwi/ a^Tois d Meifiias eXeye "ttXtiu 
 AtjijLoa-deifov^'' oQev 6 Arjpiocrdevris e^oa eXeyy^wv avTov' Kal TeXeuTtSv eis 
 ToiauTTjv TyX6e pavtav 6 Meifiias wtrre ei/ Tfj) dedTpw k6v6uXov aiiTw 'irapa- 
 a-)(eLtf Kal tiju iep^v irepippTj^ai ecfi^Ta. Kal ISwp 6 fi^/ios e-jreo-upiTTey ' 
 u irap^ Tois TraXaiois eiri KaKOU eXafxfidveTo ' direX^wv 6h 6 Arjpoa-devr}^ 
 ea'KeipaTo tou irapovTa XoyoVj Karrjyopwv aiiTov dt-jp-ocriwu dSLKijfxaTwv ' ev 
 w Kal diaftdXXei tov Meifiiay (hi KXexj/avTa diro twv ■)(j}u<7wv trT€<pdvwv 
 irapct TOV ')(pvffo^6ov. 
 
 ayet toivvv avTOV eirl T-tjv Kpitriv 6 pvTwp^ KaTUcpopa 'TrXela-TTj Kal 
 Tovw <T(l>oSpw Trpouxp^io'dpevos . v yap tov Meidlov ttoiotjjs Kal fi twv Trpay- 
 /laTtoy irpoireTSLa t^ KaTaSpop.T) cvp-payeZ' 77 6e cTao'ts opLKr/^ ^rjTOvvTwv 
 rjpwv tdiov ovofxa tw eyKXv/xaTL ' 6 pev ykp Metfilas i^iwTiKdv^ 6 8e prfTwp 
 
 512 Sijpoa-Lov eJvaL KaTaaKevd'^ei. opos yap co-tlv ov Td p.ev irGirpaKTai to fie 
 XeiTret Trpds Td TeXeoy tou dvopaTos tov ewLTe6r]a-op.evov tw Trpdy/xaTt' tis 
 CTTi TOU TO K€VOTd(piov dpu^avTOi Kal KpLVOfxevov TVp.(3(apv)(^iai' evTavda yap 
 
DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 3 
 
 •jreTTpaKTai fxhv t6 Spv^ai^ XetTret de t3 Td<pov dpv^ai ' Xeyet yap 6 (f>evyiaVj 
 oopv^a /ihvj oit tu^ov Se' ov yap evpov veKpov'" 6 Sk Slujkojv &UTi4>€peL oti 
 " t6 diopv^ai KevoTa.<pLov TvpL^wpv^'-OiV Kokw. [oh yap auTOS li'Sets otl kcvo- 
 Tatpiov evTiv' &XK' tis Ta^ov dpvTTwv^ eirel KevoTa.(ptov €upr}Taij i^tots pri 
 Sovvai ^i/CTji'.]" ouTO) K^u-ravda ireirpaKTaL peu to Tuxp-ac tov dkTipLoaQevriv, 
 XeiTret dk to KaXieraL tov avTOx^tpoTOvijTOif X'^P^'Y^'^' ^ "Y^P ^»Jiitoo'6^yi« 
 Xeyet Srt '"xopriyov erui^as," 6 Se MetSias oti " X^P^y^" airXws oii/c eruv/zaj 
 auToxet^ooToi/TjTOff fydp ^tr6a, dXX' idL'itTtjv ' touto Sk ouk go-tl h)p.6tTiov 
 &5cKtjfjta." firtrXoDs Sh 6 bpoz elSod^ tov KaTo. <ti5XXih//ij/ ' Kaxd o-uXXiji/f ly 5e 
 eoTTiVj OTav o SLoaKoov t^v avTov diKatoXoyiav Kal Ttjv tov {ftevyovTO's els eu 
 avvayrf. evda y^p o\j t6 ukv ^/tjSaXXet Tis, to de ^exerat, (iXX' &p(f>6T€pa 
 <rvyKpoT6L Kal crtAXa/i/Savet., toD0' virayou.ev tS> et5et. (paiveTat ohv 6 prJTiop 
 ev TToXXois TOUTO nroiwv- fxepetri Kal tpavKtav &p.a avTa> Kal T^y ttoX-lv 
 v^pcirdai. Ke(pd\aLa 6k Ta Ty CTdo-et irpotyrtKOVTa * to. Se irpootpta 
 KaTa<popLK&j vTrep^oXiiv exovTa iroXk^iv Kal twv ireptaTaTLKWi/ av^ij<TLv. 
 TO yap '* 7rp<5s diravTa^" Kal oh irpo^ kfxe fiovou Kal to " del" tjju 
 fieXeTtiv T7J9 dTOTTtas Kal ob irpo^ Hira^ ck tiJxtjs i}p.apTr]K.6Ta [auTOi/j 
 SeiKWiTL. K60dXata de tov Xoyov TovTa^ opo^^ SivdopLarfio^j yvwfiri uofioBeToVj 513 
 (TuXXoyto-juds, -TTJjXiKOTTjSj -TTpos T(j /cttt fiia TtJiiv avTiQeTLKuyv, ped' ^y 
 efiTriiTTei to pLeToXiiTTTtKou Kal duTLXtiTTTiKOU. ej/TaCfltt dtd Teaadptov opuiv 
 6 pvTwp e/jLirXeKeL TrfV KaTtjyopiaVj SeiKifuiav otl Sijfioa-ia Mei5tas 7]8LKr{tTeif, 
 ctTTi de 6 irpSiTO'S opo<i outos^ OTt ol kv eopTy &6lkovvt69 dij/i6<TLov adLKfiua 
 TTOioviTt. SeuTepoi opos^ Kal p.dXio'Ta ol xopijydi/ dSiKovvTes. TptTos opos, ort 
 irdaa v^pi^ dr]p.6ari6i/ gcttlv dSiKf}p.a. 'TrapaXoyt'^eTat. de eirravQa eK t^s opw- 
 vvfiia^ T^s {ijSpews. Xe'yeTat ydp v^pis rj dV aia-xpovpyia^j Kal fi did Xoytov, 
 Kal 7] did TrXTjywi/j Br\p.6(TL0v Be dSlKijpa rjyovvTO ttjv alaxpovpyiav.. t^ ovv 
 o/xtavv/JLia irapeXoyicraTO. TCTapTOS opos, OTt 6 TrdyTas del v^piX^uyv Sripoa-ia. 
 ddiKei ' el ydp Td StjaotTtO}/ e/c irdvTtov (rvvitTTaTaij dpa Sripoatov T&diKijpa 
 Tidrio-L Se aTTepfxaTLKco's ev tw irpooLp.ivo Toits TeTTapas bpov9. Kal e/c tovtwv 
 ela-lv ev tols dywa-L Tpeis" Tdv Se reTapTou opov Tldrja-Lv ev tj? irapeKfidarei, 
 Kal SiKaiia^' Xeycou ydp otl 6 -TrdyTas v^pi^wv d-ntioa-ia dSiKel^ nrape^ep- 
 veTai Xeyojy Toy nrpoTepov avTov (3iov. e^ei de 6 irapuiv Xoyo^ Svo 'Trpooi- 
 Ilia TO irpSiTOv eK bia^oXrj^ tov euavTiov, Kal eK o-uo-Tao-ews tov olKeiov 
 -TrpoardiTroVf Kal eK irpocrox^?. ea-Ti Se rj irpoTaa-is Sipepn^^ Kal to pev 
 •jrpwTOV fiepos dKaTdcKevov' to Se devTCpov Kal avTd Sipepe^' Kal KaTucr- 
 Keud^et TOiiTwy eKdTepa' eVra eirLtpepei Td avpirepaiTpa^ ev w ea-Tiv v irpo- 
 aoxv- dpo's Kard a-vXXTixj/Lv' XeyeTai Sh outojSj OTai* tou (pevyovros 
 dvTOVopdXpvT09 6 SidiKoov nal toutw KdKeiuta vireudvvov avTov elvai Xeyri tw 5^4 
 ovofiaTi, &a-Te SfTrXov? eo-Tiy ' eirel Svo irepiexei eyKXrtfiaTa. irapdoeiyp.a 
 6 o-TpaTJjyds o ^Laaafxevo^ tijv irapaKaraTeQeXcav KOptjv vtto tou irpeajSev- 
 
4 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 
 
 TOVj /cat Srjfioa-itoif iStKijfidTcov Kpivofxevo^j Kal diroKpiVofxevo^ fitj Siifioa-ia 
 ■f]8iKriKevat &X\a ^idvaaQai^ 6 6h nrpea-fSevTij^ d.fi(})OT6poi9 avTOV <^daKwv 
 vTrevdvvov etvat. to 'n-pooi/j.iov &Tr6 tov d.vTi8tKov, 6 dk Xoyo^ SI eyos eiSov^ 
 wpodycTaL tov Slkuvlkov ' tovtov yap koI to tc'Xos diKaLoi/, /cat ij kutu- 
 (TKevri did tov diKaiov, 
 
AHMO^GENOTS 
 O RATA MEIAIOT AOPO^ 
 
 nSPI KONJTAOr. 
 
 Tr]v fiev d(76\r/eiav, & dvBpei; BiicacrTai, koX rrjv v^pcv, ^ 1. a. 
 Trpo? a7ravTa<; ael 'XpfJTai, MeiBias, ouBiva oiiff vficov oiire 
 Tcov aXKtov TToXiTMV ayvoelv olfiai. iyo) 8', OTrep av koX 
 vfiSiV eKoaro^ v^purOeis irpoeiKeTO irpa^ai, tovto kcCL 
 airros iTToCrjcra, xal Trpov^aXofj/qv dSiKeiv tovtov irepX 
 
 1. a. Thv fiiv iaekyeiav. " The brutality and the Tiolence, gentlemen of 
 the jury, which Midias always practises towards everybody, I imagine that 
 no one, either of yourselves or the rest of the citizens, is unacquainted with. 
 But I myself took that very course which every one of you, had he 
 been insulted, would have elected to take, and I laid my plaint that the 
 defendant was guilty of offence against the Festival, as I had not only been 
 assaulted by him at the Piouysia, but also suffered much other outrageous 
 treatment throughout the whole of my Choregia." 
 
 TpoeiKero av, "would have determined;" the ordinary use of Su in 
 a conditional apodosis with Aor. Indie, ippiadds suppUes the protasis 
 = el v[3pi(rdri, 
 
 Kai linaiv, strictly " yourselves;" but this sense, which koL so often gives 
 to a pronoun, may perhaps be sacrificed here. The subsequent /cai before 
 irpoli^. takes the place of an explanatory ydp. 
 
 irpolipoKonriv. A Probole ("plaint") was a preUminary step to a public 
 indictment. It could be laid against a citizen for neglect ot magisterial 
 duty, for sycophancy, for violation of order at a festival, or generally for any 
 shew of Ul-feeUng towards public ordinances. The charge was first made 
 by the prosecutor to the Prytanes, then reported by the Prytanes to an 
 Ecclesia in the Theatre of Dionysus : plaintiff and defendant having been 
 heard, the votes of the people were taken by show of hands, KaTaxeipoTovetv 
 being to vote in favour of the prosecution, airoxeipoToueZv to vote against it. 
 If the former prevailed, the case was carried into the court Heliaea. 
 
6 DEMOSTHENIS MTDIAS. [§ I. 
 
 TTjv eopTTjv, ov /Movov TrXrjya^ vtt' avrov Xa^cop toi<; 
 AiovvcTiOis, aXKa koX aXKa iroXKa kclI /St'ata iradcov 
 
 b. "jrapa iracrav rr]v j(pp'r]'yiav. iireoBrj Se koXcos koL to, 
 BiKaia irobwv 6 Siifj.o'; airas ovtojs wpyta'OT) koX irapai- 
 ^wOt) koX <T(j}68pa eaiTOvhacrev e(p' ol? rfhiKr^ixevw fioi, 
 (Tvv^Sei, aare ■jrdvTa iToiovvTO<; tovtov km tivcov aXXcov 515 
 virep avrov ovk e'TreicrOt] ovB aire^Xei^ev et? Ta<i 
 ov(Tui<; Ta? rovrwv ovBe tus viroa'^eaeis, dXXa fiia 
 
 C. yvcofir/ KaT€)(€ipo7ovr](Tev avrov, ttoWoi, fiot, irpoatovre';, 
 & dvBpe<; SiKacrral, koI rS)v ev rui Si,ica<Tr7jpia> vvv 
 ovTcov vfiaiv Kol Twv aXK(ov "ttoXitSiv rj^iovv Kal irape- 
 
 xnr' avTov. As ■TrXriy. Xafip. is equivalent to ir\?iTT-e(78ai the preposition 
 viro after Xa/xPavew is Substituted for the more natural wapi. So in the 
 speech c. Apatur. 896, •TrXTjyaii/ cSu eXajSew viro tovtov. 
 
 Aioma-ioi^. The Great Dionj'sia (according to Buttmann) are here 
 intended. There were four Attic Dionysia: (l) kut iypoti^, or inKpa, in 
 the month Poseideon ; (2) Xrivaia, in GameUon ; (3) 'AvdeuTnpLa, in Anthe- 
 sterion; (*) iv ao-T-ei, or pey&Xa, in Blaphebohon. The general features 
 of all the four were a pubUo festival, religious solemnities, and scenic per- 
 formances. 
 
 wapa, "throughout," used of duration of time. So irapii TraKTu t6v (Siov 
 § 50. b. § 27. d. &o. The actions are spoken of as " parallel" in point of time 
 to the whole period. 
 
 xopnyitiv. Those dramatic authors whom the Archon selected, out 
 of a number of applicants, to compete in the games had each to be supplied 
 with a chorus at the expense of a private citizen. Every tribe appointed its 
 own nominee to fulfil this office and he received the name of Choregus. His 
 duty was to engage men and boys capable of taking part in the performance, 
 to maintain them while in training and secure the services of a x"/""^'^""'- 
 Ko\o5 to instruct them : generally to bear the principal expense ot bringing 
 the Drama on the stage. The-of&ce was one of the five regular publiis 
 burdens (eyKu/tXioi XeiToupyiai) imposed on the wealthier citizens, the other 
 
 four being yvpLVainapxta, earTiatjis, Xa/iiraSapxtaj and ipxi-Qeaipla. 
 
 b. " But when the whole of the commons," (assembled at that time in 
 the Ecclesia,) "with great propriety and justice, were so indignant and 
 exasperated, and took up in such serious earnest (eo-TroiiSao-eu") a case where 
 they felt I was injured, that, in spite of every effort made by the defendant 
 and others on his behalf, they (Sijpoi] wtere not influenced, and paid no 
 regard to the wealth, or even the promises" {i.e. bribes proffered) " of these 
 individuals, but unanimously voted against him (Midias) ; (c.) then" (the 
 apodosis begins at this point) "many both of you who are now present in the 
 court, and of the other citizens, came to me and demanded and besought 
 me to follow up (the prosecution) and deliver him into your hands." iiri is 
 constructed with cnrovda'^eLv = to be zealous about : oU, by the common 
 figure of attraction, for -roiixois a, which a would be taken as an acous. of 
 
§ 2.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIA8. 7 
 
 KeXevovro iire^eXOeiv Kal TrapaSovvat tovtov els ifj,a<;, 
 o)? fiev ifiol BoKel, Bi aji^oTep, Si dvSpes 'Adrjvauii, vt) 
 Toiis 0eov<;, Kal Setva ireirovdivai vo/il^ovTe^ e/ie fcal 
 BiKi]v oLfia ^oiiKofievou Xa^elv av eirl tcov aXKmv 
 ireOeavTo Opacriiv Svra koI ^BeXvpbv koX ovBe /ca- 
 OeKTov 'in. ovtco Be roirrav ey(pvTwv, oaa /lev "Trap' 2. a. 
 e/jbov irpocrriKe ^vXw^^^Orjvai,, nrdvTa Bbicaim^ iifuv t€T7j- 
 prp-ai, Kal KaTTiyopija-oav, eVetS^ Ti<i etVoyet, irdpeifii,, 
 o)9 opdre, iroWd fiev, w dvBpe'; ' AOrjvaloi, ')(prjiJ,aT e^ov 
 fioi Xa^elv wcrre fir) Kar7]yopelv, ov Xa^av, TToXXa? Be 
 Berj<7eLi Kal 'X^dpiras Kal vr) AC direCXd<; VTrofieiva'S ' a B' h. 
 ev ifiiv fieTa ravrd iaTiv inroXovKa, oaa irXeiocnv 
 
 respect after f/SiKruihui. By i/i.S'! is meant the court Helisea, for whose 
 judgment he was to deliver up Midias. See § 1. a. note on Trpou/SaXoViK. 
 
 0. Si.' i/iipoTepa. " For both reasons, first (koI) because they thought 1 had 
 been shamefully used, secondly (Koi) because they wished, at the same time, 
 to exact retribution for the other instances, in which they had seen the 
 defendant to be audacious and outrageous, yea, and past all further (eVi) 
 control." uv depends on SU-nv, and stands by attraction for toOtiov fi, this 2- 
 being the accusative of respect connected with dpaaiv as the phrases aoipos 
 Ti, detvo^ Tt, K. T. \. are used. 
 
 2. a. oaa fjiiv. This liiv answers to [4] ii [ev aiiiv] at the beginning of h. 
 "Now, as this is the case, whatever precautions it was my duty to take you 
 will find (yixlv) have been all duly observed." iiniv is the ethic dative of the 
 pronoun, the translation of which must be varied at discretion : Madvig's 
 Or. Sijnt. § 38. f. -rtipeiv in Dem. has often the same sense as (pukanew. 
 De Coron. 317. <pv\a.Tr6iv kol TripeTv oVws fiij k. t. \. 
 
 Kal KUTriy. "And I am present to make my accusation, as you see, now 
 that a magistrate introduces the suit." The presiding ma^strate, in thjs 
 case the Archon, was said to " introduce the case into court," because it 
 . could only be opened by his sanction. Athena does this in the lEumen. of 
 .^sch. 582. iireiSri is explained by Meier to imply that a certain partiality 
 had been exercised in mvour of Midias, which prevented the case from 
 coming on at an earher period, as if the orator said "Now that I have at 
 last obtained a hearing." 
 
 ■TroWa fiev. Por simplicity's sake, it is better to paraphrase this rather 
 than translate it literally : " And although, gentlemen of Athens, I might 
 have received a large sum of money on condition of not accusing (Midias), 
 I did not accept it ; and I withstood many entreaties, and many (proffered) 
 favours, aye and threats to boot." e£oi/, q«um liceret, an accus. absolute, so 
 frequent with the neuter participle : thus deov, wpoarjKov, &c. Madv. § 182. 
 So-T-e here amounts to "on condition of:" so in Fhilipp. ii. 68, e^ov apxcv 
 *EWvvtijv UnTTe inraKoOeiv ^auiKei. , 
 
 b. & &' iv ifiiv. The second member of the sentence now begins: his 
 
8 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 3. 
 
 ouTos rjV(ii')(\,'r}Ke Kal •jrapijiyyeXKev {ecopav yap avTov apTi 
 irpo rcjv SoKacTTTipicov ola eiroiei) loaovrm fiaXkov ikiril^at 
 c. TO BiKaiop e^eiv. ov yap av KaTayvoi-qv vfj.5>v ovBevo'i 
 ovd" ft)? nrepl S)V irpo'; efj,e eairovBdaaTe avrol irporepov, 
 rovTwv afieXijcrere, ovd' a>9, iva MeoSia<} aBeio'i to Xoottov 
 v^pl^T], ylrrjCpieiTal ris vfiwv OfiafioKco'; aXXo Ti ifKrjv o 
 3. a. Ti av ■^yrJTai BiKaiov. el fiev ovv, S) dvBpes 'AOrjvaioi, 
 Trapavoficov rj 7rapaTrpecrj3ela<; fj Ttz/o? aXXij? ToiavTT]? 
 alTia<; rifieWov ■ avTov KaTTjyopelv, ovBev av vjjlwv rj^iovv 
 
 meaning is, I have played my just part ; as for what remains to be done by 
 you, I expect you will convict Midias : " But as to what rests in your hands 
 j|to accomplish, ev u/ili/] after these [efforts on my part, twuto], the more 
 jurors he has solicited and canvassed, [i. e. in order to procure his acquittal] 
 (for I saw him just now in front of the law courts, what he was after), the 
 greater ray hope of obtaining justice." In this passage some editions insert 
 yitp after oaw, which presents a construction hardly permissible in the 
 Greek language, nor is Buttman's explanation of it at all satisfactory. The 
 reading which I have followed is that of the best editions. Spalding's con- 
 jecture was to omit /uera and place a full stop at inroXoma, retaining yip 
 after oo-m. 
 
 ei/oxXeii/ is precisely the technical word for troubling the jurors with 
 solicitations and bribes, in order to escape a sentence, and wapayyeXXeiv is 
 coupled with it likewise in Dem. Fro(Bm. 1461, 1. 3, in the same sense as 
 here : this is a reason for preferring wapriyyeK. to irepiiiyyeK. the various 
 reading. irapriyyeiXe is another various reading, perhaps laore desirable 
 considering the statement iupuiv ap-ri, k. t. X. which immediately follows. 
 Of the venal and partial nature of Athenian jurors we shall see hereafter, 
 
 c. KUTayvoiriv. " I oonld not think it of you," i. e. think so ill of you. 
 So KUTayvioirdeh Trpr/tTtreLv, Herod. VI. 2. Cf. Plat. Meno. 76, C, &C. 
 
 nrpoTepov, i. e. at the time when the Probole was laid against Midias. 
 
 'Lm. Bitterly ironical: "or that any one of you, on oath, will vote 
 contrary to whatever he deems to he just, in order forsooth that Midias for 
 the future may commit outrage without fear." This would be the result of 
 their acquitting him; Demosthenes ironically suggests, it would be their 
 object. 
 
 3. a. el pill oZv. " Now if." This fi-iv answers to the Si after iTreiSfj. 
 fiiv ovv in the Drama generally has the force of "nay rather," "nay more;" 
 and the two particles must then be taken in close connection, the 
 apodosis (which would contain 5e) being suppressed by ellipsis: Eurip. 
 Kiipp. 1009 is a good instance; and in prose the same force sometimes 
 obtains, as Plato Gorg. 466. But usually in prose both /itw and ovv have 
 their separate and ordinary meaning, as here. 
 
 Trapavouaiv. An action against a citizen for proposing a law con- 
 trary to some existing law of the state. See "Wolf's Prol. ad Lept. p. 130 sq. 
 I)e Corond, p. 243. irapairpetrp. " misconduct of embassy," De F. L. 
 
 h^lovv. As this word occurs so frequently it may be well to trace its 
 meaning. The first sense is, " to think right," so in § 14. d. 24. b. : hence it 
 
§ 3-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 9 
 
 ■516 BeiaOai, vo/ii^av t^ fiev /carijyqpp irepl t&v Toiovrtov 
 irpoo'rjKeiv iXiyx^eiP fiovov, rm Se (pevyovTt koL irapai- 
 Tei<70ai. iireiS^ Be tovs re Kpna<; Sia(f>9eipavT0<; tovtov b. 
 'Kal Bt^ Tovro T?5? <f)vX'i](; aSlKOis dipaipedelarjs tov 
 TpiTToBsi, Kal OVT05 TrXz/yas €lkrj(f>ws Kal v^pi(Tjiivo<i, ola 
 ovK olB e'i Tts dX\o^ irmiroTe %o/37;70? v^piadr], r)v inrep 
 TOVToav wyavaKTrjaa<! Kal avvopyiadels Kara'^eipoTOVLav 6 
 Brj/Moe hroirjaaTo, ravTTjv elaip'x^ofiai, ovk OKVijaa Kal 
 BelaOai. el yap olov Te_ tovt' ehreiv, iym vvv ^evyw, C. 
 eXnrep v^piaBevra fir]Befiid<; Swctj? TVj^elv earl n^ av/i^opd. 
 
 comes to signify (2) "to demand" or "claim,'' as in § 1. c, often with a 
 notion of doing so arrogantly, as in § 33. c, or authoritatively, as in § 47. b.: 
 (3) "to aspire," i.e. think oneself worthy.; so in § 44. e. "to consent," 
 thinking an action worthy.; so § 18. f. : (*) as here, " to condescend." 
 
 dcTcrSai. That i6ri<TL9 was an important part of litigation we shall see at 
 § 22. b. ; but it was generally the privilege of the defendant, the prosecutor's 
 duty being merely to try to establish the truth of the charge {i\eyxeii>). 
 Demosthenes, however, takes the liberty of supplicating in his capacity of 
 prosecutor, his argument for so doing being given in c. 
 
 b. i-TreiSii. "But since the defendant corrupted the umpires on that 
 oiicasion, (see the 2nd Hypothesis, 5.,) since my tribe thereby was unjustly 
 defrauded of the tripod, since I myself have been so beaten and insulted as 
 I know not whether any other Choregus ever was before, whereas {eireiBti at 
 the beginning) I say, 1 am following up that sentence which the people 
 pronounced in wrath and sympathetic indignation for all these (outrages), 
 under these circumstances I will not shrink from actual supplication." A 
 long participial sententje like this it is almost impossible to reduce to English, 
 even by paraphrase : I have tried to indicate, that eireiSii must be taken 
 with eiacpypnai, from Toii Te Kpi-ras to u/3pi<r6t) being parenthetic and tm 
 Ka-raxeip. K. r. \. the object of elaepx. A trijjod was given as a prize to 
 that Choregus whose chorus gave most satisfaction to the audience : as his 
 gaining it reflected honour on his <t>v\ii, so the 4>v\ii here is said to suffer 
 from the deprivation. el\ri<li. k. u/Spto-., perfect participles, indicate the 
 injuries are still pressing upon Demosthenes, as being unatoned: the 
 Aorists merely relate the details of the injury, instantaneous actions. 
 
 c. el y&p. There was a doubt whether this action could be brought as a 
 public action : he is therefore very anxious to prove, that Midias has out- 
 raged the State in the person of the individual; hence it is the orator claims 
 to be allowed the privilege of entreating the court: his argument is; "I am 
 in as bad a position as if I were a defendant (ipeiym) expecting to be sen- 
 tenced. Midias is depriving me of my just right to obtain satisfaction for this 
 outrage; 1 have thus met with a av/i<pop&, and am virtualljr in a position 
 that justifies me in supplicating." trv/Kpopi in its technical sense is a 
 euphemism for iTi/ita, as we see § 26, or for any other painful subjection to 
 the penalties of the law. 
 
10 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 3. 
 
 Seofiai ovv vfioiv airavToav, w dvBpe<; BiKacrrai, koI 
 iKeTevco, TrpcoTov fJ^ev eivoiKW aicovcrai [jlov 'KeyovTO';, 
 eireiT, eav evoBei^co Mahlav tovtovI fir) /j,6vov eh ill's, 
 ak\a KoX ek vfia^ xal ek tovs vofiovs Koi ek tovs 
 aXXov; dwavTas ii^piKora, ^orjOrjaai Koi i/Mol KoX vfuv 
 
 d. aiiToh. Kol yap out to ttw? e%etj w dvSpe'i 'AOrjvaho. 
 v^pic7fj,ai /j.ev iyo), Koi irpo'ireTT'qkdicicnat to aoofia rovfiov 
 Tore, dyavLelTai, Se xal Kpidt^a-erai, to Trpdyfia vvvv, 
 TTOTepov i^eivao Be2 rd Toiavra ■noi'elv koI et? tov 
 
 e. Tvxpvd' vfiwv dBem v^pil^eiv, rj /xij. e'i Tt? ovv vfiaiv dpa 
 Kal TOV ejjLTrpocrOev ^(^povov twv ISicov tivo^ eveKa yi.ryvea- 
 6ai TOV dr^mva Tovhe inreXdfi^avev, ivOv/iijOei'; vvv oti 
 Byjfioaia avficpepeo, fiTjBevl iMrjBev i^elvai tocovto iroielv, 
 d>s virep koivov tov irpdr/ixaro'; ovtos, K,ai Trpoae')(a)v 
 dKovcraTw, Kal Ta (paivofieva avrm BiKUioTaT elvat TavTa 
 ■\jr7]cl)iadada). dvayvdxreTai Be TrpwTOV fiev VfUV tov vofxov, 
 Kaff ov elcnv al irpo^o'Kai ' fieTa Be TavTa Kal irepl twv 
 wKKwv ■jretpdcro/jt.aL BtBdtrKeiv. Aeye tov vofiov. 
 
 f- NOMOS- Tov<; TrpVTdvei^ nrobelv .eKKXrjaCav eV 517 
 
 d. Toifidv. "When I was insulted it was merely & personal affair, no 
 doubt ; but now the verdict of this trial will supply a precedent, whether 
 any bully is to do this with impunity or not ; and thus it is no longer a 
 personal affair, but concerns everybody who could become his victim, i.e. 
 the general public. 6 -rvx'^" in its very common sense of "any ordinary 
 person," " any one who meets him." 
 
 e. &pa qualifies el, " if haply ;" there is, therefore, no redundance iu 
 oZv being added. 
 
 ypovov. Ace. of duration. 
 
 ixt\Sevl implies " prohibition of licence" (ejetvat); mievl, would imply only 
 ■■ absence of h(jence." 
 
 Kowov. "Considering the case to be one of public import;" koik. is 
 emphatically predicate, as the position of tov indicates. 
 
 irpa(74xiov. So. rdv iwSii, a very common ellipse. 
 
 ivayvihirerai. The clerk of the court {ypa/ifjiaTeis) had the duty of 
 reading any cited law aloud, for the benefit of the jury. 
 
 f. N0M02. "The Pryt^es to hold an assembly in [the temple] of 
 Dionysus, the day after the Pandia, and there first to debate on ceremonial 
 questions, secondly to bring before the people such plaints as have not been 
 
§§ 3? 4-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 11 
 
 AioviKTOv Trj va-Tepaia rSsv Uavhitov. ev Be ravrr) vpri- 
 fiarlt,eiv irpanov fiep "Trepl lepasv, eireiTa tas 7rpo0oXa<; 
 TrapaBiSoTwaav to? ye'y€vr]fieva<} eveaa tTj^ •7ro/j,iTr]<; fj 
 ■rSiv^ar^vojv rmv ev toI^ Aiovvcriois, oaai av fir] eicreruT- 
 fievai waiv. 
 
 'O fjLev vo/jLo^ oi/Tos eariv, & dvSpe^ 'Adfjvaloi, icad' 4. a. 
 ov ai 7rpoj3oXal yCyvovrai, Xeycov, wairep rjicoiia-wTe, 
 nrobelv ttjv eKKkr^aiav ev Aiavvcrov fiera UdvBta, ev 
 Be TavTTj eTreiBav •xpTj/j.aTiaaxriv oi irpoeBpoi irepX 
 Siv BimKTjKev 6 dp)(a}v, ^pi^/Aortfeti' Kal irepX wv dv 
 Tt? '^BiKTjKO)'; Tj irepX rvv eoprrjv rj irapavevofi/rjKws, 
 Kokws, S) dvBpes. 'AOrjvaloi, koI crufi<j)ep6vTas e^wv o 
 
 already compromised." IIpuToi/els. ' The Senate of 500 was divided into 
 10 sections of 50 each, the members of which were called IlpvTdveis, and 
 were all of the same tribe; they acted as presidents both of the council 
 (/3ou\^) and of the assemblies {iKKXriata) during 35 or 36 days, as the case 
 imght be, so as to complete the lunar year of 354 days. -Toob'fiate^he 
 dffieal^ujfhavins too many in office at once, efery 50 was subdivided into 
 five bodies otHOi^ch ; its prytany "being portioned out into five periods of 
 seven days each ; soThat onl$Ji}senators presided for a week over the rest, 
 and weretiience called npoeJpot?"Sniitlir-p,^10. — A jistoph. Aokm-n . con J 
 tamsTiii its opening scene, an Ecolesia with all the regular formalities; 
 
 Tois n. Laws and decrees generally thus begin with an aoous. and 
 infin. ; e&f e tS> Bv/jlio, or o ieZva elirev, or the like, being expressed or 
 understood. The Pandia was a festival.probably to Zeus, (though this is 
 much disputed,) held on the 14th day of Blaphebolion. 
 
 irapaSiSoT. implies transferring the case from their ovra private bench to 
 the Boolesia ; see trpovpaXoixnv, § 1. a. 
 
 EKTeriV/i. It was lawful to accept a sum of money (assessed by the 
 Arohon) from the defendant, in place of carrying out that action of which a 
 Probole had been the first step. Demosthenes is said to have done so 
 himself in this present case, so that the speech was never actually spoken. 
 
 4. a. SimxriKe refers only to the Archon's management of the festival : 
 the Arohon Bponymus presided at the great Dionysia, the Arohon Basileus 
 at the Lensea. 
 
 yptiiiaTi^eiii. A general term for "transacting business," but particularly 
 applicable to the debates in the Senate. Aristoph. Thesm. 377. Aristot. 
 Mhet. I. 4, 4. 
 
 eX""- "And indeed the law is very right and beneficial." ex™" is in 
 close connection vrith Ke\eue» : on this peculiar Greek use of the participle 
 see Madvig, § 176, o. 
 
12 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 4. 
 
 b 
 
 vofiov, a)? TO Trpayfj, avTo fiapTvpei. oirov 'fap, e7rovTo<; 
 Tov <f>6^ov TovTov ^aivovTOii Ttve'i oiiSev ?)ttov v/3piaTal, 
 ri ■)(^pr] Toil'; toiovtov; "TrpoaBoKav av -jroielv, et fj,7jSel<i 
 eTrrjv djo>v /MTjBe KivBvvos ; BovXofiai, Toivvv Vfiiv koI 
 TOV e^rjs vofiov avayvwiiai tovtoi " Kal jap eK rovrov 
 ^avepa iraaiv vjuv ^ re twv aXKaiv iipiSyv evKd/3€ia 
 yevijaerai Kal to tovtov 6pd(T0<;. Ae'ye tov vofiov. 
 NOMOS- Evrj'yopos elwev, OTav fj tto/mttt] rj t& 
 C. At,ovv(T(p ev Ueipaiel teal 01 kqj/jlwBoI koI 01 TpaymBol, 
 Kai r] iirl Arjvaicci Tro/MTrr] kol 01 Tpayq)Boi, Kai, 01 
 Ka>p,tpBol, Kal Tols iv dcrTei Aiovvcrioi,^ rj Trop/irr] Kal 01 
 "TTalBes Kal 6 KWfios Kal ol KCOfiaBol Kal ol TparywBol, Kal 
 @apy7]\L(ov TTj 7rofj,7rf) Kal tS dyS)vi, jirj i^elvai /jbrjTe 
 eveyvpda'ai /jiijTe \a/M^dvecv erepov eripov, fiTjBe tcov VTreprj- 518 
 
 h. 6iroi/Tos. " Even with this penalty involved, some persons are found 
 to be none the less outrageous." 
 
 dv is of course to be taken with Troieti/, being the oblique mode of express- 
 ing OTt eiroLouv av. 
 
 TOV E Jijs. " The law next in order to this." toutm is a more desirable 
 reading than the common Tov-rovi, in Spalding's opinion. The sense would 
 of course be the same in either case. 
 
 TaJf aXKuiv itfiuiv. Vous autres. Same expression at § 17. a. 
 
 c, n£i|oai6t. Probably alh^sion is made to the Dionysia Ka-r' aypobt. 
 "We know from Aristoph. Acharn. 263 sq. that this festival was held in the 
 hfijxoi, and that the Piraeus was a deme of the tribe Hippothoontis. 
 
 r[ TTo/iiri) Kiu o\ KisafL. It is curious to find inanimate and animate 
 objects thus combined: he means, however, " when the procession comes off, 
 and the comedians, and all that sort of thing." 
 
 Knvaim. The Lenseum was a large enclosure at Athens, containing a 
 temple to Dionysus, as patron god of the wine-press (A?)i;os) ; there the 
 dramatic contests took place, previous to the building of the theatre. 
 Aristoph. Acharn. 504 
 
 6a/[)-/T)\i'Mi/. A festival to Apollo and Artemis, which gave its name 
 to an Athenian month. This is Wolf's correction for o QoLpyriKiibv or -Si/os, 
 the original reading. 
 
 /iiixe, K. T. \. "That it be not lawful to seize in execution, or for one 
 party to exact payment from another party, even from defaulters, during 
 those days." 
 
 €i/exupa<rai. To take possession of his furniture, or some other tangible 
 security. The middle voice is used in the same sense, Ajistoph. SiCb. 241. 
 
§§ 45 S-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 13 
 
 fiepav, iv TavTai<; xat? '^fj^ipai'S. iav Se tls tovtcuv n irapa- 
 ^aivy, vtrohiKos ecnm tc3 -jradovTi, KaX Trpo^oKaX avTov d. 
 ecTTfoaav iv rrj eKKXrjo'ia Ty iv Aiovvcrov, «? uBlkovvtos, 
 KaOa irepi tS>v aXXcov tS)v aBiKouvrav yiypaTrrat. 
 
 ^Evdvfieiade, & dvSpes BiKacrTal, ort iv 7(3 irpOTcp^ 
 v6n<p Kara rmv irepX Trjv kopTrjv aBiKovvTcov ova7j<; tij? 5. a. 
 irpo^aXris, iv roina koi Kara tSjv tovs vTrepT]fiipov<; 
 elaTrpaTTOvTcov, rj Kal aXX' otiovv tivo'; Xafi^avovrcov 
 fj ^la^o/jbevcov, iirovrja'aTe Tas •jrpoj3o\ds. ov yap ottcos to 
 a-a/j-a v^pi^ecrdai tivos iv TavTat<; Tati} rjjjbepais, rj rrjv b. 
 irapa<TKevrjv rjv av 6K t&v iSiav iropicraiTO ti^ ei<s \ei- 
 rovpyiav, ^ecrOe 'x^pfjvai, aXXh koI to, Sikt/ Kal ylr7](f>cp 
 tS)V eXovTcov yi/yvo/jbeva, t&v ^XaKorcov Kal KeKTrjfMevcov 
 
 iireprifiipoav ^ those whose bills or fines were overdue, the day of pay- 
 ment having arrived and gone. 
 
 d. iiroSiKos. " Let him be actionable by the aggrieved party, and let 
 plaints against him, as a transgressor, be allowed." auroD depends on irpo- 
 Po\ai : some editions needles-sly insert Ka-rdi ; but of. Xen. S. Or. I. (at the 
 end), otVtves Tov d^fiov e^rjTrd'Tijarai/ irpo^oXai aiiTutv elvai. 
 
 iSiKoivTtov, i. e. at the time of the festival, and in violation of its sanctity. 
 Only these special offenders are alluded to. 
 
 5. a. oSo-ijs, i.e." being sanctioned." 
 
 ela-rrpaTTovTrnv. "Against those who exact payment from defaulters, or 
 take anything else whatever from anybody, or do any violence whatever, you 
 granted the right of plaint." Genitives, like tii/os here, in the sense from, 
 are discussed by Madv. § 60. 
 
 b. ol) yAp oTTwi. "Not only not," the second and unexpressed nega- 
 tive to be taken vidth ifeaSc -xpvvai.. Similar omissions of the negative are 
 found in sentences whose first member contains obx on, obx otois, and the 
 like, and whose second member contains iX\' ovik. Madv. § 212. A later 
 copyist has inserted m'; after oTrms, but this is radically wrong, as the 
 negative, if inserted at all, would be oi. 
 
 TO awiia. " Not only did you deem it wrong {ov yp^vai) that anyone's 
 person should be outraged, or the decoration [injured], which a man might 
 haply prepare from his private resources for the office." As it is impossible 
 to talk or a ■n-apatrKcuri ifipiXpneinu we must supply some other word from 
 the idea contained in ippi^eaOai. 
 
 fii; du -TTopiaatTo. The particle dv in this passage has no connexion with 
 the relative fli/, but is used simply to modify the force of the optative 
 ■jropiaaLTo and reduce it to the meaning of a qualified future. Cf. § 59. b. 
 
14 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 5, 6. 
 
 c. e^ apyrj'^, Trjv yow eoprrjv, aTreScoKare eivat,- vfieis fiev 
 TOLvvv, & dvBpe9 'Adrjvaloi,, Trai're? et? Toaovrav a<^i-)(de 
 ^CKavOpanrias koX evtre^eias, Sicne koX twv irpoTepov 
 ryeyevr]fievav ahiKrjixcLTWv to Xaiu,/3dveiv ZLkt^v e'7recr%eTe 
 Tamas ras rj/j,epa<;- MekSlas S" iv ainaU Taiirai'; rals 
 Tjfiepai'i d^ia tov Bowai t^jv icr'xaTrjv hiKt^jj -rroiSiv Seix- 
 
 d. OrjaeTai,. ^ovXofiai 8e Kuff eKaarov aTr' apxv^ ^v ireirovOa 
 eTTiBei^as Koi irepl t&v TrXrjyav elirelv as rb TeKemalov 
 irpoaeveTeive /iol. ei> yap ovBiv iarvv i<j} a> tcov ireiTpar^- 
 
 6. a. fievwv ov BiKaM<; cov airoKwKevai i^avrjaerai. 'Eireio'T] 
 yap, ov KaOeaTTiKoro'; 'y^opijyov rfj IlavBiovlBi (pvXfj Tpi- 
 Tov eVoy tovtI, irapoiMTrft; Be ttjs iKK\rjaia<;y ev rj tov 
 apxovTa i-TriKk'rjpovi' 6 v6fio<; ' Tok %opoi? tou? avKrjTa'i 519 
 
 aireJuKaTc. "But even what by law and verdict becomes tbe property 
 of the successful litigants, you gave back, during the festival at all events, to 
 remain in the hands of the losing party, who were also the original pos- 
 sessors." eg ipxh'i does not imply just possession ; merely, anterior to the 
 decision of the suit. 
 
 d. iTToSei^a^. " After detailing each of my sufferings from the beginning." 
 
 Kad' eKacTTov. This expression (like Kaff 'ha, kut 6\lyov, ^. t. X.) 
 
 originally adverbial = "severally," was afterwards constructed as a noun 
 
 = " each several " and in other passages, as well_ as this, has a genitive 
 
 depending on it. Cf. ThuC. II. 64, ivTeiTjoixev •Trpo's tc aifnrairTai KoX KuB' 
 enao-rous. Plat. Alcib. I. 22, 6 fnev iflpdous irci'flei, o &e Kaff eua. Herod. 
 TI. 93, iiroppaivoua-t Kar' dXiyov^ Tuiv Keyxptav. 
 
 'iv oiiSh. So 'ev oiiSoriodv, p. 404, p. 64.3. The force of the negative oliSk 
 is reflected back. " Not a single one." 
 
 6. a. 'EireiSfi, as in a previous long sentence, had better be taken in 
 close connection with rrapeXBdiv k. t. X. to which clause it peculiarly 
 belongs. "Por there having been no Choregus to the tribe P. (see 
 note on xopiT'" § 1. a.) now three years {ires ahhinc annos), and the ecclesia 
 being convened, at which the law requires the Archon to allot the flute 
 instructors to the choirs, after words and abuse had arisen, the Archon 
 accusing the Stewards of the tribe, and the Stewards the Archon, when 
 I came forward and undertook the office of Choregus as a volunteer, and at 
 
 the casting of the lots won first choice of flute instructor " here the long 
 
 protasis ends : the circumstances are detailed in the 2nd Hypothesis q. v. 
 cTTiKXripom : there being several aiX^-ral, the Archon would have to settle by 
 lot, in what order each Choregus was to choose the flute instructor for his 
 own chorus. The orator's drawing first choice was of course a great piece of 
 luck, and he hailed it as a reward for his patriotism. Kkripoti/ievmv is probably 
 middle voice, and agrees with tUv xopiywi/, understood; in .Slsch. Theb. 55, 
 the same voice KXupouueVoi/s, is used for "casting lots." 
 
§§ 6, y.J DEMOSTIIENIS MIDIAS. 15 
 
 KeXevei, "Koywv Kal XotSopta? iyiiyvofji,kvr]s, itaX Korvrf^o- 
 pevvTO'i rov fiev apj(pvTOs tuv iirifji^eXTjr&v TrjV <^v\fjs, 
 rmv B' inifieXTjr&v rov dp'xpvros, irapeXOcdv VTre(T')(piJi/r}v 
 iyoi xoprj'yrj<reiv edeKovrrjs Kal KXripovfievccv -TTpSiro^ 
 aipeZcrOai rov avKrjr'qv eK.aj(ov, vfiei^ fjuev, Si dvBpes b. 
 Adrjvaloi, Traz/re? d/jL(j>6Tepa w? olov re f^aXLo-T dire- 
 Se^a<T0e, rijv t iTrar/'yeXlav ttju ifiijv Kal to crvfju^hv 
 airo TYj^ '^^X'i^' '"^^ Bopv^ov Kal Kpojov toiovtov to? 
 av iiratvovvTe's re koX cruvr}a-0ivre<; eiroirjaaTe, MeiSla<; 
 B' ovToal fi6vo<; fS)v TrdvTwv, to? eoiKev, r]')(6ead7], koI 
 7rapr]Ko\ov07]cTe irap' oXtjv Trjv XeLTovpjiav lirT^ped^av 
 /Moi a-vve')(Si<i Kal fiiKpd Kal /cietfo). "Oaa jxev ovv, Tom 7. 
 jfopevTat; ivavTiovfievos rjfuv d^tdrivai T'^? a-rpareiwi 
 r]vco')(\'rj(rev, rj Trpo^aWofievo^ Kal Kekevav eavTov et? 
 Atovva-ia ')(6ipoTov£lv iirifieXTjTrjv, r) ToKka Trdvra ocra 
 TocavTU, edcrw ' ov yap dyvoa rovd", on t^ fiev eTrrjpea^ 
 ^ofiev(p tot' ifiol Kal v/3pi,^ofjLevop ttjv avTrjv opyrjv eKaaTOV 
 
 b. " Tou, for your part, all of you greeted both matters with the greatest 
 possible enthusiasm, both my offer and the result of the chance" («. e. my 
 luck in the drawing) " arid you made such a clapping and uproar, as you 
 naturally would" (here iroiiio-aiTs is supplied) make when pleased and 
 sympathetic in joy; but Midias, on his part alone was annoyed." "With 
 lis oXov TE iLoKiaTa. we need only supply ^v, to make a complete sentence : 
 but see Madvig, § 96. Of lis au. Buttman says Hseo formula hypothetice 
 respicit id quod fieri soleat. Cf. Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 8, iTripeaSai. irpo-n-erms los 
 du vaU firiSdirw uvoirTncrarmii, i. e. " as a boy naturally would,"' supplying 
 iirepoiTO after^ai'. 
 
 7. a. oTpcLTeia^. Alii xoiOEias : but Ulpian's note is in favour of the 
 former; "Choreutae were exempted from military service during the 
 Dionysia." This Midias tried to prevent in the case of Demosthenes' chorus. 
 
 evajmovfievo? "trying to prevent:" so Plato Apol. 19. 5 fiot evam-iovTai 
 Ti voXiTtxd irpa-TTeui. According to the usual construction of iierha ■pro- 
 Mbendi (Madvig § 210), some editors insert pi] before i(j>ediji/ai. ; but this 
 reading is only found in the margin of Ud. Faris. 
 
 irpoPaXKoixeiioi, "putting himself forward, and bidding them elect him as 
 steward for the Dionysia." 
 
 oil yap i.yvo!o. " Por I am quite aware, that, although to myself, vilified 
 and iusulte^ as I then was, each of these outrages caused the same indig- 
 nation as any other of the most violent (outrages would have done) ; yet 
 
16 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ "j. 
 
 TovTav rjVTrep aXX' otmvv tuiv Seivordrmv irapiaTr), 
 Vfiiv Se Toh aXXoi^, rot? e^co rov irpa'yfiaTos ovcriv, ovk 
 
 b. av iCTco'i d^ia ravTU Kad' avra ayaivo<; (fsavelrj • aXk 
 a TravTe? av ofioias cLKovaavTe'; ayavaKTrjcraiTe, ravr 
 ipo). earl S' VTrep/SoKr] twv fiera ravra a fieWco Xeyeiv, 
 Koi ovB' av eTre-^eipijaa eycoye KaTijyopelv avrov vvv, et 
 
 a. f^V i^ok TOTe ev to3 hrjiJiKp vapa'^piifia i^rfkey^a. ttjv yap 
 iadfJTa TTjv iepav {iepav yap eyccye vo/jn^co iraaav b(T7)v av 
 Tis evsKa rfjs eopTrj<; •rrapacrKevd^'qTai, ew? av XPT^^V) 
 Kal Toil's (7Te(j)dvov<; tov<; ^pvaoDs, ov? eTroi,7)aaiJ,rjV 
 670) Koafiov TO) %OjOm, iire^ovKevarev, S) dvSpev ' ASrjvaiot, 520 
 Bta(j)6elpaL jjlol, vuktcop iXdcbv ewl ttjv ooKiav rrfv tov 
 
 d. XP^°'°X°°^- '^'^'' Bi'^'fideipev, ov ixevroi, irdvra'i ye ' ov yap 
 ehvvrjdr). Kairoi tovto ovBel<; TriiiiroTe ovBeva ^rjalv 
 UKrjKoevat ToXfJi,ijaav7a oiiSe iroirjaavra ev ry TroXei- ovk 
 a7re^j0i;<76 B' aiirm tovto, dXKd Kal tov BiBdaKaXov, 
 
 e. w dvBpe^ ^ Adrqvalot, Bii(j}6eipe fiov tov %o/3oi) " Kal el fir] 
 T'r)Xe<pdvr]9, 6 avKTjTr]'; dvBpwv ^eKTicrTos irepl ifie totb 
 
 to you others, who were out of the affair, the matters perhaps would not in 
 themselves appear worth a trial." iJ-eu in this concessive construction has the 
 force of quamvis, le of tamen, oijk dyuoui refers to the words v/uv to ^avelti. 
 
 b. TwK ixe-rii depends on mepPoX-fi. "There is an extravagance in his 
 subsequent proceedings which 1 am about to relate." 
 
 vvv in the Helisea, ToVe in the Ecclesia, when the Probole was brought in. 
 
 c. Upav. To justify this epithet he has to stretch a point: "for all 
 raiment, whatever it be that a man is providing for a festival, I deem 
 sacred until it has been worn." Buttmann is strongly in favour of retaining 
 T-eois, the Ionic form of ^cos, but this is much disputed whenever it occurs 
 in an Attic author with this sense " until." Buttmann quotes De Fals. Leg. 
 446, 3. 01. 2, p. 24, 3, and others, but all with various reading, 'iwt. 
 
 'yir. Si4(p6eipev : tense imperfect, as was Midias' mischief. "O 
 
 irai/Tat ye. We Can often render yc, by emphasising the word it follows 
 in speaking, or italicising it in translation ; " not all." 
 
 iir4)(pricre. " But this did not satisfy him." 
 
 e. fiov, genitivus pcssessionis, belonging to x°PV> we should rather 
 expect lioi, dativus ethicus. But of. § 20, c. 25, d. 
 
§ 7-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 17 
 
 iyevero, koI to irparffia ala-06/Mepos top avOpairov aire- 
 Xdaa<; auros av^Kporeiv koX SiSdaKew wero Selv rov 
 Xopov, ov8' av ■^avia-d/j^da, & dvSpe<} 'AdrjvaioL, dXK' 
 dSlBaKTOi; av elarfkOev 6 X'^P°'^ "^^^ Trpwy/iaT aXayiar' 
 av i-n-ddo/Mev. Kal oiS' evravO' earr) tt}? v^pea)<i, dXka f. 
 rocrovTov avra Trepirjv, wore rov ia-Te<f3av{ofiLevov ap^ovra 
 Sii(j)6eipe, Toi)<i x°PVy°^^ a-vvrjyev eV ifie, ^o&v, direi- 
 X&v, ofivvovat irapeaTtjKox; rot? KpiraU, rd irapacricijvia 
 4>pdTTav, irpoa-riXav ISiMTrj'i u)v rd STjfioa-ta, xaicd ical 
 irpdrfiMtTa dfjuvQTjrd (lol irapexfov hieriXeaev. Kal tovtcov, 8. a. 
 oa-a ye iv Ta> Bi]fj,tp yeyovev, rj irpbs Toif Kpvraui iv rm 
 Oedrpo), v/j,ei<; ia-ri fiot fidprvpe's •n-dvTe<;, & dvSpe<! 
 oiKaaraL Kalrot tSsv Xoywv tovtov; XPV SiKaioTdTov<; 
 rjyeurQai, ou? av oi KaOrjiievoi r& Xeyovri pkaprvprnaiv 
 
 e. SivSpusirov, i. e. the flute-instructor whom Midias had bribed to teach 
 Demosthenes' chorus inadequately. Telephanes sent him off, and did the 
 training himself, so that the orator fairly calls him " the best of men towards 
 me." 
 
 trv/KpoTeiv : literally "to weld together"; hence = to discipline for 
 concerted action. Xen. JeK. 6, 2, 12. Others have understood this latter force 
 to be derived from the idea of "making to step in time," i. e. " drilhng." 
 
 iyiovi^eaSai here implies, "to compete in a creditable manner." 
 
 f. " And he did not stay evpn at this point of outrage ; but indulged in 
 such an extravagance thereof, ttiat he tried to corrupt the Archon with his 
 crown on, to form a conspiracy of the Choregi against me, standing by the 
 umpires when they took their oath (§ 19. a.), blocking and nailing up the 
 side-entrances of the stage, he, a private inmvidual and these public pro- 
 perty, he continued to cause me mischief and trouble ineffable." iaTeipavw/x, 
 1. e. magistratmm in fimctione ; the crown was his symbol of office : § 10, f. g. 
 His object in nailing up the side scenes was, that Demosthenes' chorus might 
 be obliged to come to the stage by the front entrance, and that the conse- 
 quent delay might throw ridicule on their Choregus. See Donaldson's Theat. 
 Or, p. 151, sq. The whole theatre being public property, the side scenes 
 would come under the same denomination. 
 
 8. a. SiKatnai. The dikasts were taken from the general body of the 
 citizens, who would probably have been all spectajtors of the Dionysia, 
 (ei; 6edTpm), and many of them present at the public assembly, or eoolesiaj 
 (« Tm in/im), at which the allotting of the choirs to their several Choregi 
 took place, § 6. a. He argues therefore that as they all saw their transactions 
 themselves, they can bear him witness that he speaks the truth. 
 
 ol Kadriiievoi. " The Bench :" so in Latin sedere = to be engaged in 
 judicial function. 
 
 B 
 
18 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 8. 
 
 b. a\7]9e'i:<; elvai. TrpoSiat^deipas toivvv roix; Kpira.<; ra> 
 dj&vi, Tcav avZpwv, 8vo Tavra dxTTrepel K6<j}aXai,a e(f> 
 cbTraai tois eavrm veveavievfiivoi^ eiredrfKev. ejMov fiev 
 v^piae TO aa>fia, t§ <pvXfj Se Kparovarj rov ay&va 
 
 c. alTiwraro's tov /ir) viKrjaai, KaTecrTTj. ra fiev ovv ets 531 
 ifie KoX Tov<! (^vXerai ■^a-eXyrip,eva Kal -jrepl ttjv ioprrjv 
 ahiKrjjjbara TOVTtp verrpapjp^kva, i(j) ol'; avTov irpov^a- 
 X6/j,7jV, TUVT eanv, w avBpe<; 'AdTjvaloi, km, ttoW erepa, 
 
 S)v oa av ol6<; re m, Sie^eifii Trpo? vyita? avrUa Br) 
 
 d. fioKa. ey;(B Se Xiyeiv koI irovrfplas irepas irafi'jrXrjOeh 
 avTov, Kal v^pea els ttoXXoii? vficav Kal joXurjfiara 
 TOV fiiapov rovTov "TroXXk Kal Beiva, i^' oh rcav ireirov- 
 66t(ov ol iiev, m avSpet BtKacrral, KaraBelaavres tovtov 
 Kal TO TOVTOV dpd(TO<; Kal tov<; Trepl avTov eraipovs Kat, 
 irXovTov Kal TaXXa Br) ocra irpoaeffTi tovtw, r]aV')(MV 
 eer^ov, ol B' i'iTi)(eip'>]cravTe<; BIktjv Xa/M^aveiv ovk 
 iBwtjdTjcrav ' elal 8' o? BieXvaavTo, IVw? XvcriTeXelv 
 
 b. &vSpa>u. "Umpires for the contest [of the chorus] of men," as 
 opposed to the chorus of boys, § 4. a These umpires were chosen by lot 
 after the performance was finished : it is to them Aristophanes so often 
 appeals, JHwbes 1115, Ams 445, &o. iymm is only a dativus commodi. 
 
 K€(l>ii\ata. "He added these two copins-stoues, as it were, to all his 
 previous wanton exploits ; he insulted my person, and was the prime cause 
 of my tribe not winning, though it had the best of the flontest." § 3. b. 
 So licentious was the general character of young men at Athens, that veavicx 
 and its derivatives passed into terms of censure. Aristot. Nic. Eth. Lib. i. 
 cap. 3, 5—7. 
 
 d. ex™ ^« ^eyeLv. This promise of detailing various instances of Midias' 
 violence the orator (according to Buttmann) does not fulfil. Prom whioh 
 the latter infers that a great deal of matter has been omitted after the 
 evidence of the goldsmith, § 8. g. 
 
 TreTTovBoTwv. He divides the victims into three classes: (i) those who 
 were afraid to prosecute Midias ; (2) those who did so, but failed to get a 
 verdict; (3) those who compromised their injuries for money. 
 
 Trp6cre<TTi. " His other peculiarities." Por eo-xov others read ijyov, from 
 the margin of a Cod. Fans., but not so well : the formeir would imply they 
 kept (juiet once for all, the latter, only temporary reticence. 
 
 XviTLTeXetv. "Deeming it was to their interest to do so," as they would 
 probably get no damages secured to them by law, even if they tried. 
 
§ 8.] DBMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 19 
 
 '^yovfievoi. rijv fjuev oSv vtrkp avrmv SUrjp expva-iv o'ie. 
 <ye 7reicr6evTe<! ' Trjs S' iirep tmv vojjlwv, ov? Trapa/Sa? 
 ovTo<; KaKelvov; rj^iKei KaX vvv ifie koX vavTas tov<; 
 aWovs, v/ieis etrre KXrjpovo/jLoi, •jrdvTwv odv aOpocov %v 
 TifiTjfia iroirjCTacrde, 6 Tb au Blicaiov ^yrjade, i^ekey^a) f. 
 Se irpSiTov jjuev, oaa avros v^picrOrjv, eireiO' ocra vfjuels' 
 fiera Tavra Se Kal top aXKov, & avBpe^ 'Adrjvaloi, ^lov 
 avTov TrdvTa i^erdaw, Ka), Sei^m ttoWwv Oavdrav, ov)(^ 
 evos, bvra a^iov. Xeye fioi rrjv rov ')(pvaoj(pov irparrjv 
 XajSmp fiapTVpCav. 
 
 MAPTTPIA. naiip.ev7)S Uafifiivovs 'Epxievs 6%a) g. 
 j(pvcTo-)(oeiov ev rfj djopa, ev cS KaTor/b^vofiai Kah ipyd^o- 
 532 fi'Cii rrjv 'X^pvao'x^o'iKrjv Te'xyrjv. i/cSovro'; Se fioi, Arjfiocr- 
 divov;, m /JLaprvpco, cyje^avov ^(pva-ovv mare KaraaKevdcrai, 
 Koi l/idriov Bid'xpvcrov troiria'ai, ottw? iroiMireva-ai, ev 
 airot'i rrjv tov Atovvcrov TTOfnrrjv, Kal ifiov avvreKea-avros 
 aira, Kal e'XpvTOS irap' efiavrm eroifia, elcr7rr]Si]aa<; Trpos 
 fie vvKTcop MeiSia^ 6 Kpiv6/j,evos viro ArjfMoadevov^, e^toj' 
 fied' eavTov koi aXkovs, e'tre')(e(,p'qcre BiacpOelpeiv tov trre- 
 ^avov Kal TO IfjbdTiov, koI tivcl /Mev avTwv eKvfirjvaTO, ov 
 /ievToi irdvTa ye ehvvrjQr} Sid to iTTi^avevTa fie KcoXvcrat. 
 
 e. TJiv fiev oiv. " Now the satisfaction due to themselves, the indi- 
 viduals so persuaded (to compromise) have received ; but of the satisfaction 
 
 due to the laws in transgression whereof he injured them you are the 
 
 executors" (lit. " the heirs"). 
 
 Ti/irifi.a. Vid. § 9. 0. 
 
 g. "Epx"*' is conjectured by Buttmann to be the true^reading here : 
 the older texts had 'iirepxo^, which was obviously corrupt, or eirapxos, which 
 was deficient in meaning. We should expect to find the name of the deme 
 to which Pammenes belonged following his own name; hence Buttmann's 
 conjecture: Beiske suggests Ile/jyaireis. 
 
 Karayiyvoimi. " I reside," a rare word until the Post-Classical authors. 
 
 ckJoWos. " Having given me a commission to make," the construction 
 would be equally complete without Hare. Vid, Heind. Protag. § 71. Another 
 interpretation has been suggested, "having entrusted to me a crown to be 
 remodelled." 
 
 Kpivofiems. " On trial :" in the same sense often throughout the speech, 
 § 24. c, 56 e. &o. De Coron. p. 230, 1. 7. The word would probably apply to 
 public indictments only. 
 
20 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 9. 
 
 9. a. IloWa /ji,ev roivvv, m dvBpe^ 'AO'qva.loi, koX irepi a)V 
 
 Tou? aX\ov<; r/SlKTjKev e%&) 'Keyeiv, aa-Trep elirov ev apyr) 
 
 Tov Xoyov, Kol (TvveiXo')(a vj3p€is avTov km, arifiia^ 
 
 T0(7aiiTa<; oVa? aKoixrecrOe aiiTiKa Srj fidXa. rjv 8' r) 
 
 "■ crvWo'yr] paSla' aiirol ryap ol ireirovOoTes Trpocrfjadv jJioi. 
 
 ^ovkofiai, Se -Trpo tovtcov elirelv ol? e'irf)(euprjcreiv aiirov 
 
 dKr)Koa i^aTrarav vfid^ " tov9 yap vTrep tovtcov Xoyov; 
 
 ifiol /jLev dvcryKaiOTaTov^ -Trpoenrelv rjiyovfiai,, vfitv he 
 
 I ■)(^prjai,/MCi}TdTovs aKovaai. Bid tL ; oti tov SiKaCav koX 
 
 levopKov decrOai, ttjv ^lrri(f)ov 6 KaXvawi i^airaTrjOTJvai 
 
 Xoyc; vfJia<; ovtos mtlo'; eaTai. "ttoXv St) fidXccrTa TravToav 
 
 TOVTO) TO) Xoya Trpoae'xeiv v/ia? Set, Kal fivrjfiovevcrac 
 
 TovTOv, Kal 7rpo<; eicafTTov diravTav, orav ovto<; Xeyy. 
 
 c, etTTi Be TrpSiTov fiev eKelvo ovk dBr]Xo'; epayv e^ oiv iBta 
 
 irpos TLPa<i auTo? Bte^icav diTTjyyeXXeTo fioi, O)?, elirep 
 
 dXiqOois e-n-eirovdeiv Tavra a Xeyw, BIku'; IBUl<; fiot, 
 
 9. a. a-vWoyf). " This compilation was easy : for the victims themselves 
 came to me," (and told me the details, i. e.) 
 
 b. mep xoiir. " On these points." We might rather expect ire/)l, but 
 virep in this sense is a favourite usage of the orator, § 34. a. 11. g. 12. b. 
 
 oTL TOV 61K. " Because the argument, which prevents your being de- 
 ceived, will cause you to give your vote with justice and conscientiousness." 
 They gave their verdict by ballot, having a white ball for acquittal and a 
 black for condemnation. Aristoph. Vesp. 99, 751, &c. 
 
 ■TToXu Sr]. " Most carefully of all must you attend to this, and bear it in 
 mind, and meet each argument of the defendant when he is addressing you :" 
 {. e. when you are listening to Midias' defence, apply what I am now going 
 to tell you, to refute his argument. Spalding suggests o n an for oTav, 
 which is very plausible. 
 
 0. " First of all, from what he was described to me as privately stating to 
 certain persons, it is clear he will say this : that if I had really suffered 
 what I profess, it was my duty to have brought private actions against him ; 
 viz. : for the destruction of the raiment, &c., and all his insults towards my 
 chorus, an action for damage ; for the assault I complain of on my person, 
 an action for assault : but that it was not right for me" [repeating ir/ooo-^/cev] 
 "to put him on his trial publicly and propose (corresponding) penalty on his 
 person or purse." Por Xayx- ^itTji/. vid. § 23. 0. 
 
 Slkui Uiai. Injuries admit of a threefold division : 
 
 (1) Where an individual suffers, 
 
 (2) Where the State suffers, 
 
 (3) Where the State suffers in the person of the individual, because 
 
 he is a State oflSoer, or the like. 
 
§ 9'] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 21 
 
 •n-poa-TJKev airm Xa-xeiv, r&v fiev IfiaTLmv Kal t5)v 
 Xpvffcov are^dvcov rrji; Bi,a<f}6opd? Kal rijs irepX rov X°P°'" 
 irda-r}^ eVij/ae^a?, ^d^-rjs, &v 8^ els to arw/jM v^pia-Oat 
 523 ^t^^> v^peu)<;, ov fid AC ovj(l Srj/iocrla npiveiv avrov, 
 Kai Tip/rjfia eTrdr/eiv 6 ri ')(prj iraOeiv rj dTrorurat,, iya> d. 
 Se ev (lev ixeLvo eS olSa, Kal vfids Be elSevai XPV> o^' 6' 
 p.7) ■7rpov^a\6/j,r]v avTov, dXK' eSiKa^op/rjv, ovvavrio^ ^Kev 
 av ev0v<i fioi X6<yos, o)'; eX-Trep Tjv ti tovto)v d\7jde<;, irpo- 
 paXeaOai pi eSei Kal Trap' avrd rdSiKi^pMra rrjv 
 Ti/impiav TTOieio'dai • o re yap 'XPpo<i ^v t'JJs TroXew?, 
 
 The action for (i) would of course be private, for (2) and (3) the prosecution 
 would be public. Now SUn being a general term for all varieties of action, 
 would include "public" prosecutions, but its special meaning would be a 
 " private" suit, ypatpri, on the contrary, could only mean a " public" action. 
 Therefore, reverting to our former division, (i) would be strictly BUit lUa, 
 (2) ypacpri 8-nfwa-ia, (3) ypucpfi iSia. In this passage, however, iiKai, tSiat has 
 not its strict sense, but includes (3) as well as (i) : otherwise he would not 
 say Sint) C/3p6(i)s, ioTjippi^ implies an assault on a public officer, assault on a 
 private individual being only al/cia. I/astly, Srifwaia kpUiblv is the same as 
 ypa<piiv Snpoaiav ypdcj>ea6aL, i. e. to make out the injury as high treason, 
 which comes under category (2). Demosthenes did not want Midias to be 
 tried for /3X.a/3i), or aiKia, or v^pi^, all of which come under category (3), 
 but for actual high treason, the question of private injury being omitted. 
 [Buttmann.] 
 
 Tl/iriiia eTTctycw. " To propose a penalty." In cases where the laws gave 
 no specific direction (Ay mi/ xi/ujTis) the judges had to settle what damages 
 were due to the individual prosecutor, or what to the State. The plaintiff 
 would have the opportunity of proposing the said penalty, and urging 
 severity or lenience on the Bench ; and the defendant would be allowed to 
 address them in mitigation of damages. Whether the action brought against 
 Midias were public or private, Demosthenes would have to pursue the same 
 course about the -rip.nii.a with this exception only, that for high treason a 
 severer penalty might fairly be demanded than for a common assault; 
 Midias, therefore, deprecates the bitterness of his opponent, not in proposing 
 a Tifivfia at all, (which Demosthenes could not avoid doing in any case,) but 
 in proposing that Tifirifia whose intensity would be aggravated by the fact of 
 Midias being Stjpiotrta Kptvo/ievo^. 
 
 d. irpobpoKoiiYiv. Buttmann rightly replaces the Aorist here, as the 
 irpojSoXii was a matter past and gone; whereas the imperfect iSi.KaX,6p.riv 
 below is equally proper, as the suit before the Helisea was still pending. "If 
 I had not laid my plaint against him, but were now proceeding with a 
 private action, the opposite argument would at once have encountered me." 
 
 wap* aiiTa T&StK^/iaTa, Flagrante dilectO' "At the very time of the 
 misdemeanour:" the same expression is found in the Zenoth. 884, and 
 elsewhere. From thb use of wapa comes the adverb rapaxpni^a, statim. 
 
22 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 9. 
 
 ■>] T6 ecrOrjs tTjs eoprrj^ evexa iracra irapeaKeva^STO, iyco 
 
 e. TC o iretrovOw'i ravra Xop'q''^o^ rjv rk av ovv erepav 
 eUXsTo Tijiwpiav r) . t7}v m tov vofiiov Korrh toiV irepi, 
 Trjv eopTTjv dSiKovvrtov ovcrav ; ravr' e?i olB' on 
 irdvT av eXeyev ovto<s tote. (f>evyovTO<; fiev yap, oifiai, 
 Kol rjSiKTjKOTO^ earl to tov irapovTa rpoirov tov Sovvai, 
 BCktjv 8iaKpov6/ievov rov ovk 6v6' ws eBei yeveudac Xeyeiv, 
 
 f. BiKacTTCtiv Be ye a-oxppovav TOVTOf; re fj,rj Trpotre^ew' «(x^ 
 ov av \a/3aj(7tv acreXyaivovra KoXd^eiv. fir} By tovto Xe76H' 
 avTov idre, ort ical BUas iSlas BlBmaiv 6 vofio'i fioi ical 
 ypa<pr]v v^pew'i • BiBwai ydp • aXX' d)s ov Treirolr^Kev a 
 KaTriyoprj/ca, rj 7re7roir]Ka}<; ov irepi Trjv eopTTjv dBiKel, tovto 
 BfiKvvTO) • tovto ydp avTov iyo) Trpov^aXofiTjv, Kai irepl 
 
 g. TOVTOv Trjv ylrrj(pov o'iaeTe vvv u/iei?. el B' iyco ttjv eiri tcov 
 IBlwv BiKosv ifXeove^lav d(j)el<; Ty iroXei Trapa')((opSi ttjs 
 
 ■Tra/oeo-KfuaJ. " Was being prepared," so. at the time he damaged it. The 
 imperf. is exactly the right tense in this passage, thougli Beiske reads 
 
 iraperrKedaa-'TO, 
 
 e. Tis av oTJv. " Who then would sooner have chosen any other retalia- 
 tion, than that sanctioned by law against those who violate the festival ?" 
 Here the supposed speech of Midias ends : it began with the words (is 
 etirep ijv. 
 
 to't6. " In that case :" so., if I were bringing a private action against him. 
 
 {peiyovTo^. "Por it is the business of a defendant and a guilty person in 
 evading the form (of action) selected for hLs punishment," [lit. of course, 
 " for him to pay the penalty,"] " to say of the form not selected, that it 
 ought to have been so." Between toC and dovmi Bekker and Meier 
 Insert m^, and render it "in order to avoid," &c., as a causal genitive: it 
 seems best, however, to take the reading of our text, and make tov Sovvai- 
 depend on TpoVoj/. 
 
 f. lifi Sri. Don't let him say 'Demosthenes could bring such and 
 such different actions if he chose :' I admit that : but make him prove, if he 
 can, that he did not violate the festival. 
 
 TOVTO avTov irjooCi/3. Many words of accusation take this double accu- 
 sative, (1) of the charge, (2) of the defendant. 
 
 g. Tioi/ ISiiov. Here again he means every action except that for high 
 treason. Wolf infers from this, that the penalty for high treason was paid 
 to the Treasury, not to the prosecutor. vXeove^. is here simply " advantage." 
 Isocr. 75. B. Thucyd. iii. 84. &c. 
 
 ■wapaxwpii. " Resign my claims for satisfaction in favour of the State." 
 So Trapax. Tii/t oSov, Xen. Cj/r. 7. 5. 20, 
 
§ 10. J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 23 
 
 Tiiimpia'i, Koi tovtov elXofirjv top a/^&va, d^' o5 fitjhhv 
 .eWf Xfjfifia \a0etv ifiol, ')(apiv, ov /SXa/Siji; Stjttou tout 
 ■av elKOTtus iveyicot fiot nrap v/jlmv. OlBa roivvv, on lO.a. 
 xal rovra "jroXXm 'x^pijaerai T(3 Xoya " /Jbrj fie Arjfioadevet 
 7rapaSS>Te, fiijSe Bia ArnxoaOkvqv /le aveX/ijTe. OTt eKeiva 
 troXefiui, Bia tovto pbe avaiprjaeTe;" to, roiavra TroXXa/et? 
 olS' OTi ^dey^erai,, ^ovXofievoi <j>66vov Tiva ifiol hta 
 Tovrmv T&v T^ycov avvdryeiv. e'^ei S' ow;)^ ovtco ravra, b. 
 ■ovS' 6771;?. oiiBeva yhp t&v oZikovvtwv vfieis oiSevl 
 tS)v KaTfjyopwv eKSiSore • ovSk yap eireiBav a^iKrjdy ns, 
 «a9 aif exaaros vfias 6 iraO^v ireia-rj, iroielcrde rrjv Ti/Mto- 
 piav, aXKa rovvavrlov, vofiov; eQeaOe irpb t&v dSiKnf' 
 fidrmv hr' d8j;Xot? fiev toIs d^iKr]<rovaiv, dhr/'Koi'; he tok 
 dBiK7^(70/j,evo(,<i. ovrot 8e Tt iroiovaiv oi v6p,oi ; nraaiv c. \ 
 viricfxyovvrai rots ev rfj TroXei, Siktjv, av dZiKTjOfj tk, CiMt^'h-t 
 ecrecrOai, St,' avT&v Xa^eiP- orav toIvvv rav irapa^aivov- 
 
 iveyKai fioi Is much the simplest reading: [others read hiyKaifu, or -jutji', 
 and as toSto is then scarcely defensible in point of construction, they alter it 
 to TouTou, and take that as a causal genitive]. " This circumstance, 1 pre- 
 sume, would naturally rather ingratiate than injure me in your eyes." 
 
 10. a. He suggests that Midias will implore the Court, not to deUver him 
 up to the vengeance of a private enemy, as though it were merely a personal 
 question : Demosthenes argues fairly that such an entreaty is absurd, and 
 only intended to prejudice the jury against himself. 
 
 amayeiv. " To concentrate odium against me." A singular use of this 
 verb, to which I can find no parallel. 
 
 b. cos S.11 eicaa-Tos. " Just as each injured party may urge you to do." 
 You do not allow private feeling to influence you : on the contrary, the laws 
 were made dispassionately, for future contingencies which the lawgiver only 
 foresaw, and did not actually know of. Aristot. Bhet. i. i. h toD vo/ioBerov 
 Kpiatt ov KaT€L ju£^09, ciWd irepi tmv ucWovtoiv k. t. \. 
 
 iir' &Sv\oii. " Without knowing the future offenders and without know- 
 ing their future victims." This is the only translation which the position 
 of Tols justifies. As regards the use of eiri, cf. Soph. Antig. 556, AXK' ovk 
 eir' ippijToK ye Toii caols \o'yois " with my Words unsaid." .ffisch. Agamem. 
 1350, £7r' i!^ei.pyaiTfiei>oLi. See Paley's excellent note on the Persce, 527, 
 from which the above instances are taken. 
 
 iSiKtiiroiiiiioK . This middle form in a passive sense is used in Xen. Cyr. 
 III. 2. y. Thuc. t. 56. Plato, Qorg. 509, d. See also Duker on I%^eo. 11. 87., 
 Em. on Xen. Men. 3, 7, 9. ""■ " 
 
24 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 10. 
 
 T(ov Tiva Tov? vo/iow KoXd^rjTe, oii rot? KaTrjyopoc^ 
 TOvTov eKSlSore, aXXa Toiig vojiov; v/uv avTols ySe- 
 
 d. fiaiome. aXka /xrjv Trpos ye to toiovtov, oti " Arjfiocr- 
 ffevTjs," (fiTjalv, "v^ptcTTai," ZiKaios koX Koivof km inrep 
 airdvTcov ecrff 6 7\,6jo<;, ov yap eh Arjfioadiv-rjv ovra fie 
 Tjcrekyaive fiovov ravTTjv ttjv TjiJbepav, dXKa km, et? %o/3'?;- 
 7^ vfiirepov ' tovto S" oaov Bvvarai,, yvolrjT av €K tcovBL 
 
 e. tare hrjirov tovG", oti, t&v OeajModeTav tovtcov ovSevl 
 OeafioOeTTj'i ecn' ovofia, aXX' OTiSijirod' eKaaTW. av fiev 
 Tolvvv lSia)TT)v oma Tivci avToov v^plerr) ti<; t) Ka«w? 
 et-Trr], ypa^v vjSpems km Biktjv KaKrjyopla'i IBiav ^ev- 
 
 f • ^eTai, iav Bk decrfjLoOeTrjv, axif/'OS ecrTai Kaddva^. Bm 
 tL ; 5rt Tov's vojjbovs ijBrj 6 tovto ttoimv irpoav^pl^ei Kal 
 rbv v/Merepov Koivbv <TTi<f>avov koL to t^? TroXeo)? bvofia • 
 
 c. /3«(3aioi/Te. "Tou Confirm the laws for your own benefit." So. by 
 enforcing them on the guilty. 
 
 d. iXXi ii-h". " But to meet this remark of his, that ' Demosthenes/ as 
 
 he says, ' has been insulted '" Midias would say this ironically, = it is 
 
 only Demosthenes! Nay, answers the orator, it was the State officer: 
 Midias did not outrage me as Demosthenes, but as your Choregus. 
 
 oo-oi/ SvvaTai. "What force this (argument) has." He argues from the 
 law about an assault on a Thesmothete : if the Thesmothete was not in his 
 official capacity when assaulted, he could bring only a ypatpti for assault, 
 and a ^ikij for abuse against his insulter (§ 9. o.) If he was in his official 
 capacity, the offender would be Sri/ios at once. 
 
 e. 6e(rfio6eTaiv. The six junior Arohons, who had the jurisdiction of a 
 variety of cases j and, as they could exercise their own discretion where no 
 written law existed, they were so far ' law-givers.' " None of these Thes- 
 mothetse is called individually by the name of Thesmothete, but by his own 
 name, whatever it may be." A very ingenious suggestion has been made, to 
 explain this passage, that a man might have such a private name as 
 6e(7juo9eT»)s, just as in England he might be called Mr. Sheriff or Mr. 
 Mayor ; but the orator's meaning seems to be rather broader, viz., to draw 
 out still further the marked distinction between a man considered as a 
 private individual, or considered as a public official. 
 
 ^Tifios, " disfranchised." A citizen in this unhappy position was deprived 
 of all his civic privileges. .Sschin. c. Timarch. 44, 46. He was not allowed 
 to hold any civil or priestly office, could not be employed as herald or am- 
 bassador, could not vote or speak in the Bcclesia or the IJoule, was not even 
 allowed to appear in the Agora, was excluded from the public sanctuaries 
 and sacrifices, could neither bring an action or appear as witness in the 
 courts of justice. 
 
§ rO.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 25 
 
 o yap de(7fio0eT7)s ouSei/o? avOpamtav iar ovofia, aXKa 
 TJ)? iroXems. km ttoXiv ye top ap'ypVTa, ravTO tovto, eav 
 fiev iaTe^avtop,evov iraTa^f rj KaK&s e'lTrrjs, UTifioi;, eav 
 o35 Se ISicoTTjv, IBla viroStKOS. Kal ov fiovov Trepl tovtcov 
 ovTto TavT e')(et, aSXa Kal Trepl irdvrmv of? av fj TroXt? g- 
 Tiva aSeiav rj (TTe^avrf^oplav i] nva rt,p/rjv SS. ovtco 
 roivvv Kai i/ie el fiev ev aXKais Ticrlv ^/jkipai^ r)hbKrjcre n 
 TOVTCOV MeiBia<; IhimTiqv ovra, IBoa Kal BiKrjv irpoarJKev 
 avrm oioovai • el Be 'X^oprjybv ovra v/ierepop lepojxmvlas 
 ov(7T]i; iravd' ocra ■^SlKTjKev v^picra<; (paiverai, Sr/fioaias 
 opyrjs Kai rificopCaf St/eato? iart Tuy^dveiv afia yap rm 
 A'qfioaOevet, koX 6 X°PV'yo^ v^pi^ero, tovto h' e<nl ttjs 
 •7roXem<i bvofia, Kal Tain avTal<; Tais ■^p^epai's, als ovk 
 ea)(7LV 01 vofioi. ^prj Be, oTav fiev TiOfjo-de Toiis vojjiovs, h. 
 OTToiOL TLves elui, (TKOTTelv, eirebBav Be OrjcrOe, (jivXaTTetv 
 Kal ■x^prjo'daf Kal yap evopKa Tavff vpfiv ian Kal aXXax; 
 BiKaia. fjv 6 ttjs ^Xa^i vpZv vopuoi irdXai, rjv 6 Trj^ 
 
 f. o yiip decr/iod. "For Thesmothete is not the name of any one man, 
 but appertains to the city," i.e. it is purely an official title of the city's 
 representative in Court. 
 
 TaiTo TOVTO. "In the same way," a neuter nominative in a form of 
 apposition to a sentence. So TobvavTiov, and others. Madv. § 19. b. 3. 
 
 g. SSeiav. " Sanctity," i. e. makes his person inviolable : dteis, in this 
 sense, corresponds to sacrosanetns. 
 
 <rT6<i>avri(popiav. " Official insignia," as before, § 7. f. 
 
 Upoftrivia is any period of the year during which sacred festivals of 
 Greece were going on. 
 
 Kal TavT aiTaU. "And that too during the very days," a certain 
 emendation for kuItoi TavTais, the old reading. (Buttm.) 
 
 h. evopKa. "Obligatory,"thatto which we are naturally bound by oath, 
 as laws, rights, trusts, &o. eSopxa would mean "according to conscience," in 
 reference to actions we do from a high sense of integrity, as eSopx. ^n(jii- 
 l,eadai, yvmvia, k. t. X. It would be absurd to say that observing the laws 
 was eSopK. because it would be eSopx. on every respectable citizen, ivopxa is 
 therefore a right correction of the ordinary reading. 
 
 ^v b Trji f3\dpris, k. t. X. His argument is, Tou have long had general 
 laws in reference to assaults ; if they had been sufficient you would have 
 had no need to make a special law about offenders in this respect at the 
 Dionysia ; but as you did pass that law, it is clear you felt the need of it, 
 and you are bound to make this bear upon Midias rather than the ordinary 
 laws about violence, under which he would escape cheaper. 
 
 E 
 
26 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 10, II. 
 
 - abciat;, rjv 6 rrjs {J/Spew?. el rolvvv aTrij^prj rov; rois 
 AiovvaioK n 7roiovvra<; rovroov Kara Tovrovi rovs vofiovs 
 
 i. BiK7]v BiSopai, ovBev av Tj-poalBei rovSe rod vofiov. dW 
 ov/c a'n-e')(pr}. <Tr}fi,elov Be • edecyde lepov vofiov avrm t(S 
 0em rrrepl tt/s iepofj,rjvias. el tis ovv KaKeivoi'; rots 526 
 irpovTrdpy^ovtri, v6fioi<; koI touto) tw fier' eKeivov; Tedivri 
 KCbt Traai Tot? XotTTot? ear' evo-)(os, o tooovto'; nrorepa fj.r/ 
 Bm Bid TovTO- BUrjv rj KCiv fiel^a Bo It] BiKaia}<s ; iyd) fiev 
 olfiai fiei^co. 
 W a_ 'ATnjyyeWe rolvvv tk fioi "Trepuovr' avrov avXKe- 
 yeiv Kal irvvOdveaQai Tiai irdiiroTe crvfji^e^TjKev u/Spi- 
 (x9r]vai, Kal \eyeiv tovtovs Kal BirjyelaOai 7rpo9 vfia/; 
 fieXXeiv, olov, & avBpes 'AOvivaooc, rov wp oeBpo v ov 
 rrore ^aaiv ev vfuv virb Uo\vt,ri\ov '7rK7)'yrjvai, Kai rov 
 6e(7fj,o0errjv o? emy^o? e-TrX^yr] rrjv avKrjrpiBa d<f>aL- 
 povfievoi, Kal robovrovs Tivd<;, «? idv iroXXovs erepovs 
 Beivd Kal iroXXd •ire'jrov66ra<; eiriBel^, -rjrrov vfids e<j>' 
 
 1)_ OLS iyo) ■jreirovda opyiov/Mevovs. i/Mol B' aS rovvavrwv, 
 
 i. dXV ovK iivexpn- "But it was not sufficient; and this is a proof; 
 you passed a saored law for the god himself respecting the period of the 
 festival." ecm is a dativus commodi, as if Dionysus were honoured and 
 benefitted by this legislation. 
 
 ■rroTepa u.h. "In justice is he to be excused paying the penalty or should 
 he pay a greater ?" The laws of construction require either Sw or iSi» Soli}, 
 to be read between lueijo) and SiKaiw^. Buttmann inclines to the latter. 
 
 11. a. 'ATTjyyEXXe. "Some one was telling me that Midias was going 
 about and collecting and enquiring what persons had previously been sub- 
 jected to assaults." irepu, implying his diligence in the quest : his object was 
 to shew that many persons had been hit harder than Demosthenes, without 
 making such a noise about it. 
 
 irpoeSpoi. One of the presiding Prytanes. § 3. f. 
 
 iv vfilv. Polyzelus appears to have committed the assault in court, or at 
 least in pubUo. 
 
 aliXiiTpiSa. According to Ulpian, this Thesmothete was trying to rescue 
 a flute-girl from some young men who were carrying her off. It was a part 
 of the Thesmothetes' duty to see the streets were clear and orderly at night. 
 
 lis, signifying " as if," is often followed by an accusative absolute. Bender 
 " as though you would be less indignant at what I have suffered." Of. Plato 
 Oorg, 491. A. cKUTeas Xeywi' oitdhv Trauet, ws irepl Tovrmv vfxiv Hvra Tdv 
 Xoyoir, 
 
§ I I.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 27 
 
 c5 avSpei ' AOtjvoIoi, SoKetre Troielv &v elKorcois, ehrep 
 Tou Koivy /SeXTt'cTTou See fieKeiv i/uv. rk yap ovk otSev 
 v/ji&v rov fiev iroWa TOiavra yvyvea-dai to fir] KoKa^ 
 ^eadat tous i^a/iapTdvovras airiov ov, rov he fim^heva ' 
 v^pl^etv TO Xoi-jrbv to BUrjv tov del Xr^^Oevra, rjv c. 
 TrpocrrjKei, BtBovai fiovov a'lriov av yevofievov ; el fiev 
 Toivvv diroTpeyfrai, <rvp,(f)epet, roii^'' aXXov;, tovtov koI 
 oi eKelva Ko'Kaa'Teov, xal fidWov ye oatpTrep &v rj irKeLiia 
 Kai fiel^co • el Se irapo^vat koI tovtov koI irdvTas, 
 eareov. en toivvv oiiS' ofMuiv ovcrav Tovrto KaxelvoK d. 
 avyryvdp/Tjv evprjaop^v. irp&Tov /lev yap 6 tov Oeajjuo- 
 deTTjv ■n-aro^a? Tpei<s et')(e ■jrpo(f>dpeis, p-eOrjv, eptora, 
 dyvoiav Bid to tr/coTOu? ical vvkto? to vpdy/ia yeviadai. 
 iireiO' 6 IIoXv^ijXo^ opyy koX rpoirov -Trpoirereui <ji0daras 
 TOV XoyKTfiov d/j,apTelv ecjyrjcTev ' ov yap e')(9p6^ ye 
 
 b. After eIkotois the old reading was Elirep Cirep. The latter word, 
 however, is not found in the best Cod. Faria., and nowhere else does the 
 orator use vircp after fie\eui: the sentence also is quite complete if vwep 
 be omitted. Perhaps the copyist carelessly wrote eiVep twice, and the 
 second became altered to uTrep. (Buttm.) 
 
 Tts yap. "For who of you does not know that the freqiient occurrence 
 of such outrages is caused by the perpetrators escaping punishment ; but the 
 prevention of any such assault for the future could be effected only by the 
 several offenders, {iei 'from time to time,') on their conviction, paying a 
 suitable penalty? (c.) If, then, it is advantageous to divert the rest [from 
 such atrocities], the defendant should be punished on account of those very 
 cases ; [i. e. that there may not be a new instance added to the number ;] 
 and all the more as they [the cases] are more numerous and grievous : but 
 if it be our interest (repeating <rvfi(j>epei) to stimulate both him and every 
 other bully, then we had best excuse him. 
 
 d. dyvoiav. This offender could make one excuse, that he did not know 
 it was a Thesmothete he was striking. 
 
 ■CTKOTous, " In the dark and at night." Both these are genitives of time 
 (Madv. §66.), o-ko'tos implying those hours of the day when there was no 
 light. This inflection of ctkoVos as neut. instead of maso., though rare, is 
 found occasionally in Attic. Xen. Cyr. i. 6. 40. 
 
 <l>8do-as. Lit. " Having outstripped his reasoning power through anger 
 and impatience," i. e. being in a rage, he could not stop to think. Perhaps 
 we may paraphrase, " Anger and his natural (lyoTroi;) impetuosity having 
 outstripped his reason, he erred and struck." e^tjo-ew, wlu(!h some read in 
 place of eiraurev, would mean " he alleged his hasty temper as an excuse for 
 his violence." duapreiv must in this case be read for a/iap-ruiv. 
 
28 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ U. 
 
 liirripxev S)v, ovB' e<f>' ij^pet, tovt eirowiaev. aXX ou 
 
 e. MeoBia tovtcov ovBev eW etVew • kuI yap ej^Opos ^v, 
 Kol fieff" Tjfiepav eiSax; v^pi^e, koL ovk eVi tovtov 
 fiovov, oKK' eirl irdvTwv ^aiverai ■7rpo'r)pr]fievo<; fie 
 
 f. v^pl^eiv. Koi fifjv oiiSe t&v ireirpa'yiJbhjajv ifiol Kal tov- 
 T0(,<; ovBev o/xoiov opSi. irpSiTOV fiev yap 6 6eir/j,o6err}'i 
 ovv inrep vfimv ovBe t5)V vo/u^wv ^povTiera'i oiS' ayava- 
 KTTJaa'i (f)av^creTai, dW' IBCq. •jreicrdeU oiroa-ip Bi]Trore 
 dpyvpiw, KaOv^els top dyava ' eTreid' 6 irXT^yelii e/cetz'o? 
 
 X vwo Tov JJoXv^TjXov, TavTo TovTO, IBia BiaXvcrafievo^, 
 ippmaOai -rroWd rol'i vofioii; ehrwv Kal vfuv, ovB' 537 
 
 g. elarjyaye tov JloXv^Tjkov. el fiev roivvv eKeivaiv KaTtj- 
 yopelv /SovXerai rts iv tu> vapovTi, Bel Xiyeiv ravTa, 
 el B' vTrep &v eyo> tovtov KarrjyoprjKa diroXoyelcrOai,, 
 
 v-TTTJpxev tov. "He was not an enemj^ of old standing." vTrapx. always 
 implying, " to be to begin with," as its derivation compels us to indicate. 
 
 e. eWiis. " Wittingly :" opposed to the ayvoia of the other offender. 
 Kal oliK £. T. "And not on this occasion only, but on all occasions has 
 
 clearly made a principle of insulting me." vpoai.peTadai, in its strict sense, 
 means " to make a deliberate moral choice." 
 
 f. Kal /jifiu. " Moreover, I see no similarity either between my conduct and 
 that of these other (insulted persons)" i. e. the Thesmothete and the Proedrus. 
 
 (^poi/Ticras. " Not bestowed a thought on you (the Court) or the laws," 
 which were equally insulted when he received the blow, virep is a usual 
 preposition with <ppot>Ti^. Plato, Euthypli. 4. D. &c. 
 
 ISia ireiaieU. " Privately induced by some pecuniary compensation or 
 other.*' drnrore impUes irony and contempt,=whatever paltry sum it might be. 
 
 KaBvtpeU. "Dropped the suit :" a favourite phrase of the orator's, p. 262. 
 1. 12. p. 652. 1. 22. &c., with an implied sense of collusion. 
 
 TttuTo TOVTO, See § 10. f. 
 
 SiaXvarauevos. " Having made a private comijromise, and thrown over- 
 board the laws and yourselves, did not even bring P. into Court" (by a 
 summons for assault). eppHad. elir. like x^'P"" Xeywu. Plat. FhtBd. 61. B. 
 
 g. iKeiviov. " If somebody" («. e. Midias) " wants to accuse them (the 
 Thesmothete and Proedrus, for not bringing actions against the offenders) 
 "at the present juncture, he is quite right to talk thus, ns is often thus 
 used to speak at a person : of Aristoph. Kan. 552, 564, &o. 
 
 el d' Inrep, "But if he wants to defend himself on the points touching 
 which I have accused him, he should say anything rather than this." He 
 mil only throw additional lustre on my conduct, as contrasted with those 
 inefiBcieut officers. Ilwrep is thus used with AiroXoyeiirdai by Antipho, 121, 16. 
 Plato Oorij, 480. B., but the more general construction is for virep to govern 
 the person defended, not the charge. On irai/ Tovvavriov, see § 10. f. last note. 
 
§§ II, I2.j DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 29 
 
 iravTa /laXkov rj Tavra \eKTeov. irav yap rovvavrlov 
 eKeivoif* avTO'i fiev cure Xa^mv ovSev out eiri'xeiprja-as 
 Xa^elv (^avrjcrofjLai, rrjv S' virep twv vofiwv kuI ttjv 
 inrep tov Oeov Kal rr/v virep v/iciv Tifiapiav hiKaico'i 
 ^vXd^as Koi vvv oTroSeSfflKo)? vfuv. pJq toLvvv iare ravT 12. a. 
 avTov \eyeiv, firiS', av ^id^ijrai,, ireLdeaO' ws Bitcatop ti 
 "KeyovTi. av yap ravO oijTcos iyvatafieva virdpvn irap' 
 v/uv, ovK ivearat avrm X070? ouSe eZ?. iroia yap 
 •7rp6<f)curi,<;, Tt? dvOpcotrivr} Kol fierpia a-Knjn^ tpavelrai. 
 rwv ireirpa/fp^vrnv avrw ; opyrj vrj Ala ' Kal yap tovto b. 
 
 TVj/ov Xe^et. d\V a p,ev av Tt? d(j)vo) tov Xoyia-fiov 
 
 ^ddaas ^^ciX^V "Tpa^ai, kuv v^pi(micSi<s irof^err/. Si' 
 opyrfti 7' evt (fjrjerai ireiroi/qKevab • a h' av m iroXKov 
 ffwe^fflS eVt TTohXds ^fiipas irapoL toiis v6p,ov<; irpaTrav 
 
 diroSeSaiKoi^. "Given back into your hands." Demosthenes says the 
 TLfiuipid was a trust which (by the vote of the assembly on the Probole) he 
 had received, religiously kept [0u\afos], and now by the present prosecu- 
 tion had restored to the people as represented by the SixaaTai of the Court. 
 
 12. a. & piaXn-rai. " Not even if he argue with all his violence." A 
 peculiar use of this verb. So Plato, Sophist. 241. D., and below, § 56. a. 
 
 iyvaxTficva. " If this course is determined on by you, he will not have a 
 word to say, no ! not one." eyvuiKa is similarly used ( = " I have deter- 
 mined") in the speech against Conon. p. 1258. 1. 11. For hearai it would be 
 better to read ea-rai, for though ivea-rL \iyeiv is common enough, li/eoTi 
 Xo'yos is rare. Cf. Eurip. I. T. 998. (Buttm.) 
 
 vri Aia. "'Passion,' he will say" (was an excuse). The words wj Aia 
 correspond to the Latin at enim, and are rightly called the 'adversative parti- 
 cles,' as they introduce a supposed reply or objection to what the speaker has 
 been saying. " Porsooth" will often serve as the translation. 
 
 Tvxou. "Por he will even say that this was what happened to him." 
 Sc. that he was in a passion. 
 
 b. &\\' a fikv &v. " Now, to whatever lengths a man may have been 
 carried in a moment when reason was left behind, even though he may have 
 acted with violence, he can say he did it in a passion ; but what a person is 
 detected committing from a long period, without intermission, for many 
 days, is not only far from being done in a passion, but the said person is 
 clearly guilty of deliberate violence." cpBAaas, i.e. having outstripped 
 reason; not sixjpping to calculate consequences, fiii after iireyei is the usual 
 redundant negative following a verium arcemii, which the English idiom is 
 obliged to omit. The aor. subj. here (as so often elsewhere) has the force of 
 the exact future in Latin, our " shall have ;" so that fecerit would exactly 
 translate iroiricrri. 
 
30 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 12. 
 
 Tt? (papaTM, ov fiovov hrjirov tov /mtj fier opyrj'i aTre^et, 
 aXXa Kol ^e^ovKevjiho)'; 6 toiovto^ v^pl^mv ictriv tjBti 
 ipavepos. 
 
 C. 'AWa /jLTjv OTTrfviKa Koi TreTrotiyKO)? a KaTrjjopS) Keel 
 v^pei 7r€7roi/rjKcb<! ^alverai, Toil's vofiov; ijSr} crKOTreiv 
 Sel, & avBpe'} BiKacrrai ' Karh lyap tovtov^ BiKaaeiv 
 o/iafiOKare. Koi dewpeW oa-q) fieLl^ovo'; opyrjs xao ^rifiiwi 
 a^iova-i Tov<i eKovcrlas Kal Bi v^piv 7r\rjfifi€X,ovvTa<; rav 
 
 d. aXXws TTO)? i^a/jbapravovav. irpunov fiev lolvvv ol irepl 528 
 Tri<; pkd^rj'i ovtol v6/x,oi Travres, iv' e/c tovtcov dp^cofiai, av 
 eKcbv fiev pKatlyri, BbifKovv, av B' aicwv, aifKovv to /SXti/So? 
 KekevovcTov eKriveiv. eiKOTios * 6 /lev yap waOwv iravra'xpv 
 ^07)6eias BiKaio<; TVyxaveiv, rm BpacravTi S' ovk tcrr^v ttjv 
 opyrjv, av a eKcov av t aKiov, era^ev o vofio';. eireiu 
 ol ^oviKol Toils /Mev Ik irpovola<; airoKTivvvvTa<; Bavarrcp 
 Kal aeKpvyCa Kal Brj/ie vaec tSjv virap'xpvrccv ^rffuovcri, 
 
 ipapav is quite the teohnioal term for "catching a thief," or "playing the 
 detective." Aristoph. iVwJ. 499. Man. 1363. With the general sentiment of 
 this passage we may compare Aristot. N. JS. vil. vi. 4. 
 
 c. rippei =: not Only done them, but done them "in wanton insolence." 
 Dativus modi. Madv. § 42. 
 
 if louo-i. so. ol voixoi. " Of how far greater anger and penalty they deem 
 deserving those who deliherately and for insult's sake offend against their 
 neighbours, than they deem those who err under other circumstances." He 
 proceeds to illustrate this principle by describing the tenor of the laws on 
 damage and murder. 
 
 d. eKTwew. " To pay the compensation single :" literally, to pay up the 
 amount of the damage (/3\d/3o5). 
 
 ekoTM?. " Quite fairly. Por the sufferer deserves to obtain redress in 
 any case ; but the law enjoins our indignation against the perpetrator to be 
 not the same whether he acted voluntarily or involuntarily." Observe 
 that to-iji' is a predicate, not an epithet. 
 
 ix ■7rpovoia9, "deliberately," as e/couo-ims above, and £k TrpoaipeVems below. 
 
 ol rjiouLKol. sc. vofioi. The same power is attributed to the laws on homi- 
 cide inthe speech against Aristocr. p. 634, 29. toIis ivSpocpovovs ifeivai 
 iiroKTeimw Kal Airayeij/, in which passage there is the same peculiar G-reek 
 use of a copulative conjunction where our idiom requires a disjunctive : of 
 course it would be superfluous to talk of executing a man and banishing 
 him, though Nero attempted something very like it ; see Tac. Ami. xrv. 59. 
 
 irtpLemet. " Confiscation of all he has," which would be made over to the 
 Treasury {Si^/iotnop). 
 
§'§ 12, 1 3- J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 31 
 
 Ton? S dKOV(7ieo9 ai'Setreo)? Kal ^iKdvOpeoirla': •jroXXi]'} 
 rj^icoaav. ov /lovov S' eVl tovtoiv Tot^ sk '7rpoaipiaea)<! 13. a. 
 v^piffTai^ XaXe-n-oi/'i ovra^ IBeiv ean tov<} v6fiov<s, dWab 
 Kab i<f>' airavTcov. tI yap &j itot', av Tt? o^Xoyv BiKr]v 
 fjir) eKTiVT], ovkIt' iiroiTja-ev 6 v6/jlo<; rf]v i^qvXrjv ISiav, 
 uXKa Tr pog-Tifji av iireTa^e rS Srjfioala; ical irdXi.v rtb. 
 hrf-jTOT , av fiev eKmv irap e/comos rts Xd^rj rdXavrov ^v 
 r) cvo r] BeKa Kal ravr' d/iroffTeptjarj, ovSev aira tt/dos 
 Trjv iroXiv icnlv, dv 8e fiiKpov irdvv nfiTj/jLaros d^iov 
 Til Xd^rj, /3ia Se tovto d<j)eX7iTat, ro Xaov to5 STj/juocria) 
 "TrpeiTTi/idv 01 vofioi KeXevovcriv oaov irep hrj t(3 IStaTrj ; 
 OTt TrdvO', oa-a Tis ^la^o/ievoi} Trparret, Koivd dBiKrj- 
 
 aWeircMs Koi (fiiX. " Compassion and great consideration." 
 
 13. a. oil fiovov. '• And not only in these instances, but in all instances, 
 we can see the laws are severe on those who commit deliberate outrage." In 
 the term B^iois he now includes (i) refusal to pay damages, (2) roroible 
 abstraction of property. 
 
 nrl yAp. "For why else" — this form of question involves a reference to 
 a suppressed condition = " if this is not so why does the law stand in its 
 present form." The construction of o4 yip dv is frequently of the same 
 nature. Soph. O. T. 220, &o. 
 
 di^Xtiiw. " Being oast in a suit." d<i>\i<rKaveiv is no doubt connected with 
 ■oipeiXeiv, as the analogy between yeXmra i(i>\iiyKaveiii and ludihritt/m dehere 
 would indicate : used with SUitv, o<j>\. implies that the convicted defendant 
 owes satisfaction to his prosecutor or to the State. 
 
 igouXijs, derived from kl^lXKeiv, "to «ject," an archaic verb. If the de- 
 fendant, on being cast, omitted to pay his fine, as soon as he became birep^- 
 liepo's the plaintiff might seize upon his lands, ejecting him from them hy an 
 action of ouster." For an elaborate instance of this see the case against 
 Hwetor. 
 
 irpoaTifiav is said only of the SiKaa-Tai, therefore we must understand 
 them to be the object of eTreTa^ev. " "Why else did the law make the action 
 of ouster no longer a private suit, but ordered [the dikasts] to impose pay- 
 ment of a further fine to the public Treasury ? See the speech against 
 Timocrates, 733. That is, the law considers the defaulter as i/Jpio-T^s, and 
 takes up the case in earnest as a public offence. 
 
 b. an ixev iKihv. " If a man, with equal readiness on his part and the 
 lender's, take one talent, or two, aye ! or ten, and defraud him of that sum, 
 the State has nothing to do with the defrauder fin the way of exacting retri- 
 bution] ; but if he take what is of extremely small value, and abstract the 
 same by force, by laws direct the court to imjiose a fine to the Treasury, 
 equal in amount with that to be paid to the individual [who has been plun- 
 dered] ." 'exav ..eKovTot. cf. JDsch. P. V. 218, and Attic authors passim : the 
 idiom can only be paraphrased. 
 
32 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ I3, I4. 
 
 fjiara KaX Karct tS)V e^oa rov irpa^fiaTO^ ovrwv rjiyeho 6 
 C. vofw6eT7}<; ' rrjv /lev ykj) la'xyv oXCyasv, Toiis Se v6fjLov<; 
 airdvTuiv elvai, Kal tov fiev TreiaOevTa ISia^, tov he 
 ^lacrOevTa hrjfiocrias Beiadai ^onjdeias. hi'OTrep Kal tt}? 
 {//Spew? avT7J<; jas fiev ^pa<^a<; eSaxev omavri T<p 0ov- 
 Xofievo), TO Se rifirjfia hrol/r)<jev oKov Brjfioaiov ' rrjv yap 
 ■Kokiv rjiyeiro ahcKelv, ov tov iraOovra fiovov tov v^pl- 
 ^eiv eTTij^^eipovvra, Kal Soktjv iKavrjv ttjv Tifiapiav elvai 529 
 TO) iraOovTi, '^(prjfiaTa 8' ov irpocrrjKeiv t5sv toiovtcov e(f> 
 d. eavTa Tucfi^dveiv, Kdl Toaavrr] 7' i'XprjaaTo VTrep^oXfi 
 wcrre Kwv els Sov7u}V v^pl^y Tt?, ofioico^ eScoKev tnrep tov- 
 Tov rypa^rjv. ov yap octtk 6 •rrda-'x^cov SeTO Belv (TKoirelv, 
 dXKa TO irpayiMa oirolov Tt to yiyvofievov ' iirecBf) evpev 
 oiiK eiri^r^Seiov, firiTe nrpo'; hovKov firjB' SXtas i^eivai 
 14.a. irpaTreiv eTrerpe-^ev. ov yap eavtv, ovk eariv, & dvBpes 
 'Adrjvaioi, Twv TravTcov ovSev v^peco's dcpopTjTorepov, ovB' 
 e(j>' OToa fiaXXov vfilv opyi^eaOai irpoarjKei. dvop/vadu S' 
 
 TMv ejm. " Detrimental to those who are not implicated in the case," 
 i. e. the general public. 
 
 0. ■jrcitrfleWa. This modified synonyme for "cheated" is due to the 
 
 words CKwv Trap* eKOjrroi above. 
 
 Tm povXofievuo, A private action could only be brought by the injured 
 party himself; a public action by any prosecutor who chose to take it up. 
 (Buttm.) This volunteer had the ypa<pal (rights of indicting), but the 
 Tifirifia (fine) went to the Treasury. 
 
 TTiv y&p iroXiv. " For he considered that the person who ventured on 
 acts of violence injured the State, and not merely his victim ; and that for 
 the victim his revenge [i. e. seeing his persecutor punished] was an adequate 
 satisfaction, but that he ought not to take money to himself for such treat- 
 ment." In i(p' eauTO), ewl has its sense of penes, m potestate alicvjus. 
 ToiovTuiv is a genitive of price. 
 
 d. KoX TotTavTij. " And such was the excess he [the lawgiver] went to, 
 that even if a man assault a slave, he allowed equally an mdiotment on 
 that slave's behalf. For he held it right to consider, not who was the victim, 
 but of what nature was the action that was done." The cheap estimation in 
 which the slave was held is best illustrated by Aristotle's definition, KTTJiia 
 lp.\jivxov^an animated chattel. 
 
 e^eTv. iweTpe^. "Allowed it to be lawful." This is perhaps only the 
 Greek redundance; but a various reading iireTu^ev for e'7reTpe\fr. is much 
 supported. 
 
§ I4'J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 33 
 
 avTov fioi Xa^mv rbv rrjs v^peco^ vofiov • ovSev yap olov 
 aKovetv aiiTov tov vofiov. 
 
 NOMOS. I'Edv Ti? v^picrr} eh nva, fj iraiSa ^ b. 
 yvvaiKa rj avSpa, t&v iKevOeptov ^ rSiV SovXcov, rj irapd- 
 vop,6v Ti iroirjo-ri et? tovtojv nva, jpacpea-Boa irpos roir? 
 
 0ea-/j,o6eTai; 6 ^ov\6/ievo<! 'AOrjvaimv oh e^eanv , ol Se Ota 
 
 fioOerai ela-aryomoov et? ttjv ifKiaUtv rpiaKovra rjp,epSiv d<p' 
 ^<; av y ■^ ypa^, iav /Mrj tl STjfiocnov KtoXvy, el Se p-f), orav 
 fj irpwTov olov re, otov B' av Karar/vm y rjXiaia, Tt/itaTW C. 
 irepX aiiTov trapa'xprjfia, otov av SoKy d^io<; elvai Tradelv 
 r/ aTTOTlcrai. oaoi B' av ypd<f)WVTai ypa(f}a^ iSias Kara 
 
 14. a. oiSev olov. " There is nothing like hearing the law itself." Plato, 
 Gorg. 481. B, oiiSev olov t6 oiitov epwTdv, 
 
 b. irapAvo/iov = here, simply "anything illegal," not to be confounded 
 with the use of irapavo/jiujv, § 3. a, 
 
 ypaijieadw. "Let any one who chooses indict them." The full ex- 
 pression is ypa<priv ypaipeaSai ; and it will also govern an ace. of the 
 criminal, a gen. of his crimes. 
 
 ols egetrxt. We learn what class of persons were not allowed from 
 .SiSchin. Timwrch. p. 54. ol aXa^wi /Se/JiioKores. 
 
 eio-ayoKTmw. "Let them bring forward the charges." ypaipas is the 
 unexpressed object of the imperative, for it is the magistrates who are the 
 subject, and the prosecutor only could be said eliriyew t6v dfiapTovra, § 2. a. 
 
 TpiaKovra. " Within" that period. Plato, PAtecir. 248, E. oiu ii<^iKveiTat 
 ^Ttui/ iLuplmv. One Cod. Ital. inserts ektos. 
 
 i.(pi' ^s. "Dating from the day on which the impeachment is laid." 
 Markland insists that y has dropped out before v ypaipij. Of., however, 
 Plato, Sep. II. 370. Hv av airoZs 'xpeia. 
 
 el Si fit). "If otherwise," (i.e. if some public affairs do interfere: Madv. 
 §194. b.) "the first moment it is possible," i.e. let no time be lost before 
 hearing the cases. 
 
 c. KarayvS. Most MSS. and Edd. have Ka-rayvuire, which cannot 
 possibly be construed. Wolf reads Ka-rayviiaSri, impersonally = " against 
 whomsoever a verdict has been given ;" the comma will then follow Karayv., 
 and there will be no stop after 'SKiaia. 
 
 Tip.dTco. "Let the Court assess the penalty for him immediately, what- 
 ever he be thought to deserve in purse or person. And of all who lay private 
 indictments (9. c.) according to law^, let any who fails to carry out his suit, or 
 having carried it out does not obtain a fifth part of the votes, pay a thousand 
 drachmae to the Treasury." This fine was called evw^eKia, because in 
 private suits its amount was one-sixth of the Tt/ntna. 
 
 r 
 
34 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ I4. 
 
 Tov vofiov, idv Tis fif) e'7re^eX6y rj iTre^iav fur) /leToKd^ri 
 TO TrifiTTTOv fiepo'i Twv y^ri<^a)V, atroTicrdT(a ^t\tas Bpa'^jJi-ag 
 tS Br]/j,ocrlq). iav Be dpyvplov TijxT^y ttjs v/SjOea)?, Be- 
 BeaOco, idv eXevdepov v^piar), jJ-e'Xpi' civ eKTia-r).] 
 
 ^AKOvere, w dvSpe'i 'AOrjvaloi, tov vofiov rrjs (j)t,X- 
 avdpa)Tria<i, or ovBe tov<; BovXovs v^pl^ecrdai d^iol. tl 530 
 ovv Trpo? 6e(ov ; et ti? eh row ^ap^dpovs iveyKcov tov 
 vojjiov TovTOV, "Trap' wv Ta dvBpdiroBa els roiii ' EXKrjva? 
 Kofii^erat, eirawSiv vfid^ koX Bie^ioov irepl t^? TroXew? 
 eiTToi "Trpos avTOvi oto " elerlv "EWrjves Tive'i dvOpco'iToi 
 ovTa><; rjiMepoi, koX t^CkdvOpunroi tovs TpoTrovs (nare iroXKa 
 v(f>' Vficov rjBiKr)iievoi,, Koi <^v(jei tt}? Trpo? v/ta? 'i')(dpas 
 avTols inrap')(pv<j'r]^ •jrarpiKfj^, bp.w'i ovB' berwv dv TifMrjv 
 
 TifitiB^. This last sentence has so little (ioherence with what precedes, 
 that it is almost impossible to interpret. Eeiske maintains the subject of a 
 TL/i.ydfi can be nothing but v SIkti, as the name of the accused, if inserted, 
 would have to be in the dative. According to which, the very harsh render- 
 ing will be, "If [the suit] involve a fine of money for assault, let [the 
 accused] be imprisoned until he shall have paid." It is possible to take 
 Ttfxt}6tj as impersonal, and eau ii^piari as ^^ kdv tis vlSptay or os otv vj^pitrri. 
 The Greek of these laws and depositions is so inferior, that Buttmann's 
 critical investigation is almost thrown away upon them. 
 
 d. Ti odv. "In heaven's name, then, what inference do you draw?" 
 These particles are more commonly used to introduce an objection = 
 ' How so ?' Msch. Theb. 208. 
 
 e'i Tis. " If any one took this law to those barbarian nations from whom 
 
 the supply of slaves is brought to Greece and were to say to them that 
 
 there are certain people of the Greeks so civilized and humane in their 
 natures".... This long protasis goes on to 601/dxw: the orator sums it all 
 up with the words et n-avT &.Ko(i(jat.ev^ and then gives the very brief 
 apodosis. The slaves, of course, were always of foreign extraction, Asia 
 Minor and Thrace being the principal feeders of the slave market. 
 
 iiSiK-n/ievoi.. " That though they have received many wrongs at your 
 hands, and though the enmity they feel against you is by nature hereditary 
 
 to begin with" In all Greek history we find Thrace and its borders the 
 
 scene of Athenian campaigns ; their enmity with Asia would date from that 
 Ionic revolt which gave rise to the Persian war. 
 
 o/iiws. " Yet they deem it wrong to do violence even to these slaves 
 whom they purchase by paying the price of them." oamv k. t. X. Schsefer 
 resolves into offous av tl/it^v uvtwv KaTadeuTe^ dovXous KT^trcuyTcti, citing 
 Person's canon, ' Grseoi, cum verba duo, diversos casus regentia, ad idem 
 nomen seque referuntur, ne nomen proprium aut pronomen minus suaviter 
 
§ I4'J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 35 
 
 KaradevTe? BovXovs KTija-avTai, oiiBe tovtovs v^pC^eiv 
 a^tovcriv, aWa vo^ov hrjfioaia tov ravTa KcaKvaovra 
 TeOeivrai rovTOvl koL ttoXXovs ^S?; irapajSavTas rov 
 vofiov rovTov i^TjfiidiKacn, Bavdrm," el ravr aKovcraiev e. 
 Kal avvelev oi ^dp^apoi, oi/c av oieade 8r}fj,oaia irdvra^ 
 vfids irpo^ivovs avrmv •irovi]<Ta(TQai ; tov toIvvv ov irapb, 
 Tois ' EWrj(rt jiovov evBoKt/iovvra vo/iov, dXKa Kal Trapa 
 Tois ^ap^dpoi<; ev So^avr av e')(eiv, crKOTreia-ff' 6 Trapa/Sa^ 
 r)VTiva Bov<; SUrjv a^iav earai SeBwKdos. '"^ 
 
 El, nev roivvv, w avBpes 'Adr]vaioi, firj xoprj'^o'i wy 15 a. 
 ravT eireiTovOeuv viro MeiSiov, vl3piv av tis fiovov 
 
 repetatur, in utrovis regimine semel ponunt, altero omisso.' o'uk aBoliv 
 ~ to think wrong, as o!i cpivai = to deny. On the price of slaves, of. Xen. 
 Mem. II. 5, § 2. Demosth. p. 816, 1354. 
 
 TedeivraL. This tense will be correctly defined as Perfect Middle. Such 
 ' forms as TrdtroiQa from ireidio, TeTpo(pa from Tpe<pw. and the like, though 
 incorrectly described as Perfects Middle, are in reality 2d Perfects Active. 
 The true Perfect Middle, like the Present, Imperfect, and Future of the 
 same Voice, is in form identical with the Perfect Passive. TiSiuai (v6ii.ov) 
 would be said of a supreme legislator ; rideadai, most naturally, of a republic, 
 which appoints laws for itself. 
 
 6avaTm. Dative describing the manner of punishment ; when the ace. is 
 used after iri/ii6u> it describes the amount of fine. Herod, vi. 136. 
 
 e. ei toSto. " If the barbarians were to hear and realize this fact, think 
 ye not they would make you all publicly their own Proxeni ?" 'When two 
 states established an interchange of public hospitality, and no individuals 
 came forward to act as representatives of their state, it was necessary that in 
 each state persons should be appointed to show hospitality to, and watch 
 over the interests of all persons who come from the state connected by 
 hospitality. These were called trpol^emi' Smith, d.a. p. 620. The Sv before 
 oUaBe must, of course, be taken with iroirfo-ao-flat. The barbarians would be 
 so struck by the Athenian character, as illustrated in their slave law, that 
 they would be anxious to enter into the most friendly relations. 
 
 TOV Toiiwii. " When a man then transgresses the law which is not only 
 approved among the Greeks but would seem to be excellent («5 ex"") among 
 the barbarians, consider on payment of what penalty that man will have 
 paid enough." A very accurate construction, though difficult to render, 
 consisting of an indirect question (introduced by a-KOTrelade) which if directly 
 put would run thus, Tti/« fious ^Uriv 6 irapalias tov vofiov &^lav Slktiv eo-rai 
 
 SeiaiKws. As regards So^avT' av, it would it resolved become Ss So^etev av, 
 the av of course having no connection with exc"'. 
 
 15. a. u-h xopiy^s. It would have been an assault had I not been in an 
 official capacity ; but as I was, it is sacrilege. 
 
36 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, [§ I5. 
 
 / Kariyvco t&v ireTrpw^fLevfov avrm • vvv Be fiot BoKei, Kav 
 
 b. aa-i/3eiav ei KaTayir/vcoa-Koi,, Ta irpocrriKovTa iroielv. ttrre 
 <yap hrjirov tovto, on 70vs j(ppovs vfiec^ airavTas rovrovs 
 KoX Toil'; vfivovs r^ dea TTOieiTe ov fiovov Kara tov9 
 vofiov^ Tovs Trepl TOiv Aiovvcyiaiv, oKXa Kal Karh, Ta<; 
 /tavTeta?, ei* at? aTrao-at? avrjprjfiivop evprjcere rfi TroXei, 
 ofiolai'; eK AeK^Siv Koi e'/c AwBmvqs, Xopov<; lurdvai Kara 
 TO, irarpM Kal Kviguv ayvi.a<; kuI crTe<J3av'r]<popea>. avarf- 
 voiOi, Be fjLoi \a^cov avras ra? fiavreia^. 
 
 c. MANTEIAI. 531 
 [AvSa 'Epe')(6elBri(nv, oaoi IlavBiovo^ darv 
 
 vaiere Kal iraTpLoiai v6/j,oi^ WvveO' eopra?, 
 fiefivrjaOai BdKj(^oio, Kal evpvxopov; Kar' dyvids 
 
 KdTeyi/m, not in the judicial sense ; cf. § 2. 0. " would have tliougM his 
 conduct to amount to assault, but now it seems to me he would be right in 
 thinking it amounted to sacrilege." 
 
 K&v el. The &i> in koi; refers to the second verb, -Troietv; an expanded 
 form of a similar sentence would be ^okoj ^ot koX el Karaytyj/wo-Koi/xi ev 
 nroteiv ay, thence Kav el kot. ev iroteiv. Buttmann proceeds to speak of 
 what he styles av comopitvm : k&v el, which literally means " even if," had 
 in ordinary conversation come to signify " although f and hence, when the 
 protasis contained a certainty, the indicative would take the place of the 
 optative after el, k&v remaining as before, and the power of dv being, so to 
 say, " mesmerised." An excellent instance is found in Plat. Men. § 4. kuv 
 
 el iroWal Kal iravToSaTrai eicrtv &peTaL, ev ye Ti eTSos tqutov ^iracrat 
 
 e-)(pv(n,v : for here between el and elaiv a certainty is enunciated, and there- 
 fore exouaiv follows, in the apodosis, with which av of course could not be 
 constructed. Meier contends that such is the construction here, and keeps 
 the old reading Karayiyvda-Kei accordingly ; but Eeiske has restored kutu- 
 yiyvusnKoi from the Codex Augustanus, and Buttmann agrees with him 
 to do so. 
 
 b. Tw 6ew again as dativus commodi. These ceremonials are done for 
 the god, and are thus sacred : therefore the officiating ministers are sacro- 
 sancti. His object in quoting the oracles is to prove the first proposition. 
 
 ivtiptiiaevov. " Ordained," especially of the commands by oracle. oOs av 
 o 6e6s AveXri. Plat. Ijeg. 865. D. 
 
 la-T&vai imphes "setting up" offerings of the fruits. So oTrjata KpaTrjpa, 
 
 K, T. X. 
 
 KVLo-Sv iyviis. /' To make the streets steam with sacrifice." The same 
 technical verb as in Aristoph. ^q. 1320 : we find it constructed with the 
 dative in the next paragraph. 
 
 c. Te of Brectheus' children, who in Pandion's fair city 
 Dwell, and by laws ancestral direct your festival seasons, 
 
§ 15'] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIA.S. 37 
 
 UTTavai (opaimv Bgojufp X'^P''^ afijj^a iravrw;, 
 KCbl Kviaav ^cofioicri xapt} crre^ai/ois •KiiKdaavra';. 
 
 Uepl vyiela'; Oveiv ical evx^o'Oai, AiX virdrfp, 'HpaicXel, d. 
 'AiroXKavi irpoarar'qpiw • irepl Tvxa'i ayaOas ' AttoXKohvl 
 ayviei, Aarol, 'ApreficSi, ical Kar' ayvia'i KpaTfjpa<; 
 ic rxafi ev Kai xPPO''->'i xai (rret^avrj^opeiv Kg/rja -rraTpia 
 0eoi<; 'OXvfiTrloi,^ iravTecrcn Kot Trdaai,<i, Ihias Septus icaX 
 apiarepas av i(T'yo vTe<;, koI fivaa-iBospeiv. 
 
 EK AflAnNHS MANTEIAI. e. 
 
 Tm S'^fiq) T^ 'Adr)vaia>v 6 rov Aib<; a-r/fialvet. on 
 Ta? o)pa<! TTaprjveyKaTe rfjs 6va-ia<; xal t^? 6eaipia<;, alpeTovs 
 ire/j/ireiv KeKevei deco£ovs evvea, Kal tovtov; Sm raxecov rm 
 
 Charge I, remember Bacchus; and crowding the streets' wide 
 
 expanses 
 Yield ye to Bromius duly for fruits of harvest thanksgiving: 
 Steam every altar with savours, with garlands be crowned every 
 forehead. 
 Ereotheus and Paudion were two of the early Attic monarchs. For eJp. x"/»- 
 has been proposed uipaiov ^opov, but without sufficient reason, afifiiya, 
 poetic contraction for ivafiiya, " promiscuously," " in crowds." Bpojuios as 
 the god of riot and revelry (fipinw). 
 
 d. 6uetv, infinitive in the sense of imperative. Madv. § 141, e. 2. 
 vpoaTwrnpiot. So called from his statue being shrined before the doors, 
 
 'Ayuteiis as god of the streets. 
 
 KttTTd, the Doric abbreviation of Ka-ri tA.. 
 
 ira<rois. Sc. goddesses, Seis being either gender. 
 
 W/as. " Their own :" a very singular use, in support of which they quote 
 Hor. 1. Mp. 7, 55, Proprios pugantem leniter ungues. But Buttmann's cor- 
 rection, IBeias {=z6pecK), seems very acceptable: and he compares Eurip. 
 Selen. 1101, AlroiJ^eO' dpQAs &\ej/as irp6^ oijpavdv VtirTovirre. 
 
 /ivacnSmpeLv. " To offer public thanksgiving." The response from Delphi 
 is in the Doric dialect : that from Dodona is rendered into Attic, as its 
 native language would be unintelligible. 
 
 e. o Tou Aids. The High-priest of Jupiter, called, par excellence, 
 o irpo<ftvTiii. This oracle has no connection at all with the case. 
 
 Tds iipos. " Te passed unnoticed the season of sacrifice." deaipiat 
 § 32. b. 
 
 To/iapm. Another form of Tmarus, the mountain near Dodona. This is 
 Buttmann's correction for tw vapa>, a hopeless corruption, oli is another 
 correction for the barbarism /3o^<reK. 
 
38 DEJfOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 15, 16. 
 
 Ail TO) iv Tofidpta T/aei? ^ovs koX irpo<; eKacrr^ /3oi' Bvo ot?, 
 rf] Be AiMvrj ^ovv KaWiepeiv, koX rpdire^av ')(aXKriv 
 irpo'; TO avd67]fia, dvedrjKev 6 Brjfios 6 'AOrjvaKov. 
 f. 'O Tov Aios (TTjiiaivei, iv AcoSmvj], Aiovvaa SrjfioTeXfj 
 lepd TeXeiv koI KpaTrjpa Kepdaai km, 'xppoii'i lardvao, 
 'AiroXKwvb dTTOTpoTraitp fiovv Ovaai, ical aTecpavrjipopeLi' 
 iKev6epov<; koI BovXov;, km iXivyeiv fiiav rjfiipav. Au 
 KTrjalo) ^ovv XevKov.] 
 16. a. Eicnv, a dvhpes 'A6t]va2oi, Kol avrat km. dWai 532 
 TToWal /xavrelao rfj iroket KajaOal. tI ovv eK tovtwv 
 v/jLo,'; iv9v/j,elcrdai Set ; on ras fiev aXKa^ dvaias rots 
 e(j)' eKdcTTijs fiavreias irpocpaivofievoK Oeoi<; irpocnarrovat 
 dveiv, hndvai Be yppovi kcu aTe^avrjipopeLV Kara ra 
 iraTpia •npo'; dirdcraif rat? d^iKVovfievai,'; jiavreiau'i "TTpocr- 
 "b. avatpovaiv Vfuv. ol Toivvv xopol TrdvTe^ ot 'yiyvo/j^evot 
 KM, ol ')(ppr)'yo\ Brfkov on Ta? fiev rjfiepa^ eKeiva';, a? 
 (Twepj^o/jbeda eirl tov dyMva Kara to? fj^avTeiw; Tavra^, 
 
 irpos eKacnia. Apparently, two sheep were to be sacrificed for each ox. 
 
 Aioivri. The Epirot consort of Jove; not, however, identical with Hera, 
 nor yet with Aphrodite, who so often bears this name. Buttmann discusse.s 
 this question at great length, but it seems scarcely worthy of the close 
 investigation he has bestowed on it. 
 
 ivaStifia. "The votive offering" they had promised, but not sent. 
 
 f. Upa. There is a great corruption of readings here, but the passage is 
 so unimportant that we need scarcely delay to refine upon them : " to pay 
 public sacrifices" is the simple translation of our text. 
 
 iXwitw. "To take holiday," or rather "siesta." Ze6s KTiio-ios, as the 
 giver of wealth. KTit^iov fim/idv in iEsch. Agam. 1036. 
 
 16. a. hSuiielaSai.. " To notice," as bearing on my argument. 
 
 irpoaTaTToutri. The subject of this verb is not expressed, and has 
 given rise to various conjectures. Perhaps the simplest would be refer it 
 to the High-Priests of the several temples. wpo(paivoii., "indicated;" 
 especially of oracular intimations. Render: "while they command you to 
 offer the rest of the sacrifices to the gods indicated in each oracle, they 
 always add an injunction (15. b.) to each oracle that comes, that you are to 
 celebrate dances and wear crowns, according to your ancestral customs," 
 t". e. The Chorus is put on the same footing of dignity as the Sacrifice. 
 
 b. fis. Accus. of duration of time, " during which we assemble for the 
 (dramatic) contest." 
 
§ l6.j DEMOSTHENIS MIDTAS. 39 
 
 VTTep v/jlSiv eaTe(j)avd>iJie6a, o/iolws o re fiiXKwv vixdv 
 Kau 6 TrdvTwv vaTaTO<; fjevrjaea-Qai,, rrjv Se t&v stti- 
 viKbwv inrep avrov tot' tjBtj <rTe<^avovTai 6 viKwv. top 
 ovv eU Tiva tovtoov t&v ^(ppevT&v rj tS>v 'xopr/ymv 
 {i/3pi^0VTa 67r' e'xdpa,. koI tuvt' iv avrm tm dywvi 
 Kal iv Tw Tov deov lepa, tovtov aXXo ti ifKiqv dae^eiv 
 ^•^a-ofiev ; 
 
 Kal fjLTjv ia-Te je Tovd', oti ^ovXo/jievoi jj/rfiev' dyco- C. 
 vi^eadai ^evov ovk iScoKUTe aTrX&i? t&v ')(opriy&v ovSevl 
 irpoa/caXea-avTi Toiis j^opei/ra? aKOTrelv, dX\' idv /nev 
 KaXecrrj, •jrevTrjKOVTa Spw^^fids, edv he KaOl^eadai KeXevajj, 
 XtXlai; diroTiveuv eTa^aTe. tivo'^ eveKa ; oiroos p-rj tov 
 i(TT€^avcop,evov Kal XetTOvpyovvTa t& Oetp TavTtjv ttjv 
 ■fip,epav KoXy prjS' eiririped^rj p^B' vj3pl^r) prjSeU i^eiri- 
 TTjBes. eiTa tov p,ev j^opewr^i' ovh' 6 "TrpocrKaXecras KaTo, d. 
 
 liwep ifiZv. We wear crowns as your representatives, and you obey the 
 oracle on that point by deputy. 
 
 iirwiKlmv. " But on the day of the festival in honour of the prizes, the 
 victorious choregus is then and not till then crowned on his own account." 
 Up to that time all the competitors are equally sacrosanoti. 
 
 dyMi/t. The occasion and place would, of course, aggravate the offence. 
 
 aWo Ti irXiiv. This is the basis of the Platonic interrogative, dWo ti 
 =: nonne. Plato, Charm. 173 A. and passim. In other authors fl or (as here) 
 irA.^11 is generally added to complete the sentence. Eender : " can we say he 
 has done anything short of sacrilege ?" 
 
 0. cTagoTe. There was a law which prohibited foreigners from taking 
 part in an Athenian chorus : this, however, did not allow a Choregus, when- 
 ever he suspected the presence of an alien in some one else's chorus, to 
 summon that suspected choreutes before the Archon (to be examined) 
 ({•TrXuis (" without more ado"), i. e. wherever he might happen to be at the 
 time. On the contrary, if he summoned him while performing, (fie-ra^i 
 XopeiovTo. must be supplied in the reader's mind after KoXeari, that the law 
 and the sense of this passage may be reconciled,) the said Choregus was 
 liable to a fine of fifty drachmae, and if he made him retire from the stage 
 and become a mere spectator (/caflijeffflat KeXeiio-j;), a fine of one thousand. 
 
 egeiriTtiSe!. " Designedly," consuUo. 
 
 d. elra. " So then the man who even summons a member of the 
 chorus according to this law, will not escape a penalty; and shall he who in 
 violation of all the laws actually struck a Choregus himself, shall he, f say, 
 be exempt from punishment ?" 
 
40 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ l6, I7. 
 
 Tov vofiov a^rjiiiO'; earai, top 8e x'^pvyov ovB' 6 avyKoyfras 
 irapa 7rdvTa<i tov'; vofiov; ovrco (pavep&'s Smaei BlKrjv ; 
 dXXa fjJqv ovSiv icrr' ocf)e\o<; /caXaJ? koI (fnXavdpioTreo^ 
 Toii'i vofiov; virep toiv •jroKXcbv Keladai, el rols a-ireidovcri, 
 KM ^la^o/jiivois avToii'; r/ Trap vfiav opyrj twv ael Kvpieov ^ 
 fMT] jevijaeTai. 
 17. a. $6/36 B^ Trpos Oernv KUKelvo crKk'^aa-de. irapatTtjao/Mai 533 
 8' i/j,a<; fi7)Bev d'xOeadrjvai fioi, idv em, avfi<f>opah tivmv 
 yeyovoTwv ovofjiaaTl fivijadSt ' ov yap oveiBlcrai iid roxis 
 deov'i ovBevl Bva-'x^epe'; ovBev ^ovKofievos tovto iroirjo-a), 
 dXKa Bel^ai to ^td^eadai koI v^pi^eiv KaX tci, TotavTa 
 
 b. TTOielv w? airavTe'! vfiei<; ol aXkoi (f>ev<yeTe. Savvicov ecTTl 
 
 StJTTOU Tt9 6 TOUS TpaP/lKOV<; ■)(0pOVS eKBl,Bd<7K(lOV ' OVTO<} 
 
 daTpcvTe[a<; kak(o Kol Ke'x^p'rjTai, (rufi^opa. tovtov fiera ttjv 
 OLTV^d-av TUVTTjv efJLicrddxTaTO tis (piKoveiKoov %op7;709 
 
 c. Tpcvya)BS)V, olfiai, ©eocrBoTlBrj^. to fiev ovv irpuTov r/ya- 
 vaKTOW ol dvTi')(^op7}'yol koX KcoKvaeiv e(j)a(Tav, d)s B' 
 eTfKr^pdiOr] to Oearpov Kal tov 6j(Xov crvveiXeyfiivov elBov 
 67rt TOP dry&va, coKvr]aav, e'iatrav, ovBeis ^i|raTO, aWa 
 ToaovTov Trj'; eiae^ela'} iv eKaaTm tii; av vfilav 'iBoi to 
 (TvyKeymprjicos &<7Te TrdvTa tov fieTci TavTa ')(povov 
 BtBdaKei Toixi yppovs koX ovSe tmv i,Bio)v ej^^Opoov ovBel^ 
 
 — e. Ttow iei Kvpiwv. "The temporary executives." 
 
 17. a. He is now goinp; to contrast Midias' violence with the forbearance 
 of others who had even some provocation to analogous conduct. 
 
 oyojuaffTi, Heiske's beautiful emendation for ovofiaTi. eirl aru^tj). yeyov, 
 implies ^jTifiriiievotj " disfranchised." So /cexpjjrat (rvfji<l>opa in the next section. 
 
 oveiSitrai. " To reproach any one with anything unpleasant." 
 
 b. kK&LSaaiciiiv. The element ix implies that he did his work thoroughly, 
 and was therefore a very desirable trainer to engage. 
 
 iprparelas. Declining to go on military service when it came to your 
 turn : generally punished with disfranchisement, as in Sannio's case. 
 
 (piXoveiKuiv. Not "contentious," as it generally means, but "eager for 
 success." See 17. c, 18. b. 
 
 c. rrji eio-e/36i'a! depends on TO i7uy/cex<"PlK05 : i. e. the resolve to allow 
 any private illegality rather than disturb the festival. Markland conjectures 
 t5 evaepeia, "such a concession to religion." 
 
§§ f7»l8.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 41 
 
 KaXvei' toctovt' d-jrexei, rod yofnjyciiv rtz/o? a^lraa-ffai. dXKoi d.j 
 ea-Tiv ApicTTeiSrjs OlvTjtSoi; (pvKrji;, rirv)(71ica)'i n koX ovto^ 
 Toiovrov, 09 vvv fiev koI yipwv earlv i]Bri kuI I'trw? 
 rjTTmv 'XppevTTj'i, rpi Si Tro0' ■^e/iav ttj? <f>vXrj9 Kopv- 
 tjtalo'i. iare Se BtJttov tov6', oti tov 7\'^ep,6va av a^eky 
 Tt?, oi,j(^erat 6 \0f7r09 X°P°^- ^^^' o/ims ttoXXwv 'xppryyav e. 
 ^CKoveiKTjadvTOiv ovhelf TrmTrore tout' elhe to ifKeoveK- 
 T7]iui, ovh' iroXfirjae tovtov i^ayayelv ovSe KcoXva-af Sia 
 jap TO Beiv aurov eTriXa^o/ievoii ttj ;)^et/3i tovto Troirjcrai, 
 534 Kal fii] "Trpoa-KaKea-aa-Oat 7rpb<; rov dp^ovra i^elvat, mairep 
 av ei ^evov Tt? i^ayayeiv e^ovKero, avas tis aKvet Tt]<; 
 aa-eXyeidi TavTr]<; avTO'xeip 6<f)9r)vai yiyv6/j,evos. ovk ovv 18. a. 
 oeivov, m avSpei; SiKacrral, Kal a-j^eTXiop r&v fiev viicdv 
 av irapa tout' oiofievtov 'XppTjy&v, tuv dvijXmKOTmv 
 ttoXSmkis iravra to, ovra eh Tas XeiTovpyiai, fiTjSiva Wfi^oj^ 
 
 XoPi'V™"- (') "So averse is every one to lay a finger on one of the g. , 
 Chore^i." The reading -rod xopvyov twos tl\\r. seems very desirable, (2) " so ***1r<*'''i 
 averse is a Choregus to laying a finger on any man," when we compare 18. a. ~jf^ ^, . 
 But the other varieties of reading are consistent only with the translation (1); 
 whether twu be substituted for toS, or tis for titos. 
 
 d, iiTuxiKihs i. e. disfranchised : in the same position as Sannio. 
 
 nyendiv KopvtpaTos, the leader of the chorus was so entitled. olxeTat, 
 "is ruined." 
 
 e. elSe means "thought of such an advantage." Cf, Demosth. Up. 3, 
 p. 1478, Ti SvTTOTe oi/x eujpa to. SlKaitz Tavra. Plato. PhcBd/r. 267 A. irpo 
 tSiv iXridwv T&. e'tKOTa eiSov (is Tt/j.r}Ted /jLdWov, 
 
 dii yip. " For, because it was necessary to do this by laying hands upon 
 him, and it was not lawful to summon him before the Arohon as if one had ^^ 
 
 wished to expel an alien (from the chorus)" Aristides, as an Athenian ^ 
 
 citizen, would not be liable to the legal process mentioned in § 16. c. 
 
 abToxfip, "the perpetrator," generally in connection with homicide; the 
 orator tries to put both offences on the same footing (Flpian). 
 
 18. a. viKav av. "Who fancied they might win the prize." A Choregus 
 would have a strong motive for proceeding to such extremes, Midias 
 had none. 
 
 nrapa tovto. "By these means." irapa is used in this sense, of that 
 which turns the scale and on which the result critically depends. Cf. Xen. 
 de Mag. Eq. 1, 5 (speaking of the practice of vaulting on horseback) ■TroXA.oit 
 yap ri^r\ ri ffutTripla irapdi tovto eyevsTo. Madv. § 75. 
 
 G 
 
42 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ l8. 
 
 y? TdXjjbrjcrai, vanroTe /M7]8' mv ol vofMot SiSoaaiv a^jraadai, 
 dW ovTa<i evXa^a)';, owtcbs evae^w, ovto) fieTplcos 
 BiaKelcrffai wtrre dva\lcrKOVTa<; ayayvwvTa'i Ofiaii dire- 
 ')(ea6o,i Kol irpoopaadai Ta<; v/j,erepa<; ^ov\rj<Tei<; Kol ttjv 
 
 b. Trepl Tr]v eopTrjv crTrovSrjv, MecBiav 8e IBlWTqv oina, 
 /jt^rjBev dvrjXcoKora, oti to) irpoaeKpovcre kuI i')(6pos vwijp^e, 
 rovTOV dvaXlaKovTa Koi j^^oprjyovvra eTriTtfiov ovtu irpo- 
 •n-rfkaKi^eiv koI rinneiv, naX fiijre rrj^ eopTr)s fiijre twv 
 voficov firjTe tL ifiel^ ipeire fiijTe tov 0eov (ppovn^eiv. 
 
 C. JJoWatv Tolvvv, w avBpes 'AOrfVifioi, ryeyevrjfiepcov 
 evOpojv oKKriKoti, ov fiovov i^ Ihuov, dXKa Kai eic Koi- 
 vwv 'TrpwyfiaTaiv, ouSet? ttcottot' els toctovt' dvaiSeLa<i 
 
 "■• diplKero wcrre toiovtov ti roXptiricrai iroielv. Kairoi ^acrly 
 'I<f>i,Kpdr7]v ttot' eKBivov AtoKKel ra Uordel ra fxaXbcna 
 iXOeiv et? e^^pav, kov ert Trpo? rovra a-vn^rjvai Tia-lav 
 TOV 'I^LKpaTovs dheK<^ov dvri'^^oprjyrjcrai tw AiOKXei. 
 
 e. dXX' o/MCO^ •jroXkoiis fiev e'^wi' (piXov; 'I<piKpdTrjs, TroWd 
 Se ')(^prjixaTa K€KT'rip,evo<;, <ppovS)v S' i(j>' avrS TrjXlKOvrov 
 rjXiKov elKo^ dvSpa koI So^'j/? koI rifiwv TeTvxpjKora Siv 
 iiceivo^ rj^iuno Trap vfi,wv, ovk e^dhi^ev iirl ra? t&v 535 
 ')(pv(TO')(p(ov ooKia'; vvKTCop, oi/Be Kareppi^yvve Ta Trapa- 
 
 iymviui/Tas, "intensely eager." ■rpoopSaSM, "paid first consideration to." 
 airovSvv, " strong feeling." 
 
 b. wpoaeKpovire. " Because he had a quarrel with a man and was an old 
 enemy, should insult and beat this person when spending his money, (on the 
 State service,) acting as Choregus, and in full possession of his civic dignity." 
 Besides Midias entertaining no aspirations as Choregus, Demosthenes' actual 
 position ought to have saved him from the outrage. 
 
 d. IIiTeei. This deme Uirdk was in the tribe Cecropis; others read 
 Tli6ei, as if the name were really niBos: the authorities are unable to decide 
 which is the preferable form. 
 
 T& ixakidTa. " Proceeded to the extreme of enmity." 
 
 ivrixopny. "Was rival Choregus to Diodes." Iphiorates being at 
 enmity with Diodes, might be expected to feel wrath when his brother 
 suffered defeat in the dramatic contest at the hands of the latter. 
 
 e. (ppovuiv. " Having as good an opinion of himself as it was likely a 
 man would have, who had obtained such reputation and honours as he had 
 
§, l8.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 43 
 
 (TKeva^ofieva IfiUTia eh rrjv ioprrju, ovBe Bte^deipe Bi- 
 BdcTKoXov, oi/Be xopov fiavddveiv exaXvev, ovBe twv aKK<ov 
 oiiBev wv o5to9 BieirpdrTeTO iiroiei,, dWa toIs v6fioi<; Kal 
 Ty T&v oKXcav ^oi/Xijcret avy^mpcov ^velr^TO naX viicwvTa 
 KoX aT&pavovjievov top eyOpov op&v, elKorws • iv y yap f. 
 avToi evBat/icov ySei yeyovco^ iroXirela, Tavrj) <Tvy)(a}pelv 
 Ta ToiavTa tj^uov. iraXtv ^iKooTparov irdvTes Xcrfiev top g. 
 Ko\(ovrj0ep Xa^piov Kari^yopovvTa^ or' eKpLvero rrjv -Trepl 
 'iflpcoirov Kpi(riv Oavdrov, koX irdvTosv twv KaTrjjopmv 
 rriKpoTarov ryevo/Mevov, Kal /xera ravra j(pprjjovvTa -rraial 
 Aiovvaia Kal viKavra, Kal Xa^piav ovre TvirrovTa oiire 
 
 fceen deemed worthy of at your hands." iiri is quite the usual Dreposition 
 witk (ppoveiu in this sense : so Plato, Spmpos. 217 A. itppovom iiri rg &pa 
 6avudariov oaov. The expressions cppovelv /ueya, ty/UKpiv, k.t.X. " to be 
 
 p5foud, humble," &o., are equally common j and from these two uses of the 
 verb comes the present construction. 
 
 (Tuyxiapav. Comseding, i.e. "submitting." 
 
 vveix. bpwu. " He endured to see :" the participle implies that he saw 
 Kocles in this proud position, not for a moment, but for some time : of. 
 i/iro/jLeveL ^eyyoiv, § 25. d. 
 
 f. cv jF yap. " For he deemed such submission to be due to that con- 
 stitution, under which he knew he had obtained prosperity." He felt the 
 advantages which he had derived from the constitution, and was not going 
 to offend against it, from a private pique at seeing his adversary successful. 
 
 g. 'Qpmirov. Oropus was seized (B.C. 366) by a body of Oropian exiles, and 
 consequently lost to Athens. The Athenians sent an army against it under 
 command of Chares ; but Chabrias and Oallistratjis induced them to com- 
 promise the matter, by giving up Oropus to the Thebans, till they should 
 settle by conference to whom it rightly belonged. The Thebans afterwards 
 refused to restore the place, and then the advisers of the compromise were 
 prosecuted, on a capital charge, at Athens. Callistratus obtained bis own 
 and Chabrias' acquittal by a most brilliant speech, which is said to have 
 inspired Demosthenes to study oratory. 
 
 Xopvyovvra -Trato-t, Cf. /cat ol iraZSei in the law at § 4. c. The ace. 
 Aioi/uo-ia, which follows, is constructed after xopvy^T^" as it might be after 
 
 VLKdv, ^■ywci^eo'Oal, K. t. \, 
 
 Kal before XaPpiav is rejected by Beiske and Spalding : they make only 
 the words from XajSpiav to the end of the period to be governed by Jtr/jew, 
 and from iiXoaTpaTou to viKuivra to be governed by -rinrTovra. Buttmanu 
 considers it more satisfactory to retain Kal, and consider all these as imper- 
 fect particles implying continued action: i<r|iiei/ *. x<>Pl7°^''ja xal Xafipiav 
 (roTe) oil TVTTTovTa (auT<Ji/l. This is certainly much more vigorous in sense 
 than the former. 
 
 » 
 
44 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ l8, I9. 
 
 a(f>apTrd^ovTa tov crTe^avov ovw o\o>? irpocnovd' ottoi /JjIJ 
 h. T-poarJKev avrm. ttoXKovs h' av •e%a)i' ehrelv en koX Sia 
 TToWas Trpo^daeis €')(dpovs '^e'^evqpt.evov; dWtjXoi';, ovBeva 
 "jrarrrore ovt aKrjKoa ovre eopaKa ocrrt? eh to(tovtov 
 19.a. eKrjKvdev v^peas uare toiovtov ti iroteiv. ovBe je eKeiva 
 ovSei? vjjLoiv olB' OTi fj^vTjiMvevei, irporepov, rSsv iiil tol's 
 Ihioa fj Kal Tols Koivoh e')(6pS)v aXkrjXois ovBiva ovre 
 KaXov/Mevav twv KpiToov Trapea-TTjKOTa, ovS" orav o/jtvvaxrtv 
 i^opKovvra, oW oXeu? iir' ovSevl rSiV rocovrtop i')(dpov 
 
 b. e^era^ofievov. ravra yap iravra koL to, ToiavTa, & dvSpe'; 
 'Adrjvalot,, (f>iKovei,Kta /j,ev vTrwx^devTa '^oprj'yov ovra iroieiv 
 evei nvd avyyvm/j/rji' • I'^Opa B' eKavvovrd Tuva, ck 
 
 _. irpoaipicreas, e(^__wjracTi, koX ttjv IBiav Bvva/u^iv KpeLTTco 
 ra)v v6/j,o)v ovcrav ivBeiKvvfievov, 'HpdKXeis, /3apv Kai 
 
 c. ov-)(l BUaiov eanv oiiBe avfj,<f>epov Vfuv, el yap iKaaT(p 535 
 
 h. irpoiTi.oi'Ta. "Stepped in where he had no right," in allusion to 
 Midias having been present when the umpires were taking their oath. 
 
 19. a. oiSe ye. " And no one among you (1 am sure) rememhers a case, 
 where, of men who were enemies on private or even public grounds, any- 
 single person before this was either standing by while the umpires [of the 
 game.s] were being summoned [to assemble], or was dictating the oath when 
 they were swearing." The participles here may all be fairly translated as 
 imperfects : •n-poTepov, an adverb of time, though closely connected ivith the 
 subsequent verb, irapen-Trinon-a, is placed a long way from it in the sentence, 
 a common construction with verbs of " remembering :" of Xen. Ci/r. 2, 4, 12. 
 "Evayxo^ ouy iroTe <rou ^t/zi/Tj/xat &KoutTa^. Midias, while the judges were 
 taking oath to award the prize to that Choregus who should fairly win it, 
 suggested a mental reservation, "except it be Demosthenes;" hence he is 
 said (ironically) e^opKodv. 
 
 b. TauTa yap. " For there is some excuse for your doing these sort of 
 things when Choregus, induced by your eagerness for success, but (to act 
 thus) when you are perssecutiug a man from enmity, in cold blood, on -all 
 occasions, a,nd exhibiting your private power and violence as superior to the 
 laws, this is grievous." With the participles iXaivom-a. and hSeum. we must 
 repeat iroieiv Taura. 
 
 c. ei yip. "For if this were plain beforehand to every one of the 
 Choregi, viz.: ' If so and so be my enemy, Midias or any one else that is 
 equally audacious or wealthy, I shall first be deprived of the victory, 
 though I perform better than my neighbours ; (by twos he means to imply 
 a/l his competitors;) secondly, shall bo damaj^ed on every occasion and 
 
§§ ig, 20.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 4:5 
 
 Tcav x^PVyovvTcov Tovro TrpoBrfKov yevoiro, on av 6 Seiva 
 €'xdp6<; y [lot,, MeiBiaq ^ Tt9 dXKo^ dpaavs ovtw ical 
 •jfkovcrios, irpuiTov fiev a^aipeOriaofiai rrjv vLktjv, kuv 
 
 afieivov aywvlo'cofiaC nvos, ejrevr' e<^' airact^ iKaTT(o6rj- 
 
 (TOfiai KoL -jrpoTrrjXaKi^ofievof SiareXea-o), tis ovtcos 
 aXoyi<TTOs rj rk owrajs affXi,6<; ianv 6<TTi,<i eicav av p,iav 
 Bpaj^jMjv edeKrjcreiev avaXSxrai; ovSels Si^ttov, aW, olfiai,, d. 
 TO Tramas ttoiovv koI, (piXoTifielo'dai, Kol apaXCcrKeiv 
 idiXeiv eKeiv ia-Tiv, on t&v i(rcov KaX twv SiKaiwv 
 eKaiTTo<; '^jelrai eavrm fierelvai iv BTj/ioKparia. iyo) 20 a. 
 roLvvv, ft> avhpe<i 'AOrfvaloi, tovtcov ovk ertj^ov Slu 
 TovTov, a\Xa ^to/ot? wv ii^plcrOriv, koI Trjs vIkt]^ irpoir- 
 aTreaTeprjd-qv. kuCtol iraaiv vfuv iyo) tovto hei^m (Ta^a)<i, 
 on /jLTjSev d<TeX<y€s i^v iroiovvn MetSia /itjS' v^pl^ovn 
 
 iperpetually insulted'— who is so devoid of reason, or so ill-starred, that 
 ne would voluntarily consent to spend a single drachma ?" (e. e. on the 
 XeiTovpyta). The introduction of So-tis and Eo-rt which precedes it, vary the 
 construction a little : had he written simply tU &v kSeKriaeiev it would be a 
 regular conditional sentence with the optative in protasis and apodosis : as 
 it is, the apodosis contains an indicative. 
 
 6 &eXva. "So and so." A favourite expression of Aristoph., see Manm 918, 
 and elsewhere. A very happy use of it is found in the speech of Demosth. 
 irepl o-uvTa^ews, p. 167. o SeXva tov deivoi tov Seiva etCTTj-yyetXe. • — 
 
 d. TO iriirrm irowvv. " That which induces all men both to be patriotic 
 zealots and to be ready to expend their money, is this: that eatih person 
 expects, in a democracy, to share equal and just rights." He believes, that is, 
 that the popular form of constitution will secure for him ' a fair field and no 
 fefour,' in the Dramatic contest, as well as everywhere else. nrpoiraireaTep. 
 observe the element wpo^-. it was an extra grievance Demosthenes losing 
 the prize. 
 
 20. a. ef ^w. " Midias had the power, without doing anything outrageous, 
 without insulting, without striking, both to annoy me, and himself to 
 display patriotism towards you according to law, and to prevent me 
 from being able now so much as to open my mouth about him" (i. e. for 
 complaint), i'^rjv and ixpv", both strictly imperfect = he had the power 
 but did not use it ; it was his duty, but he didn't do it : our idiom is 
 "could have done," "ought to have done." These sentences dependent 
 on Ex^" a^re really all consecutive: he could annoy me, yet so as not 
 to do me violence : (poterat mihi nocere nt nihil violaret :) it is, I think, 
 this consecutive sense which makes the negatives here nv, and not oJ. 
 And is it not rather to a similar consecutive structure that we must refer 
 the use of /mj between the article and adjective ? e. g. tu ^ui'i KaXa = the 
 
46 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 20^ 
 
 fiT^Bk TVTrrovri koI \inreiv ifik koL Karci tow v6fj,ov<; 
 avrip ^iXorifielcrOai tt/so? v/jLaf, koI firjBe Sidpai to arofia- 
 
 b. Trepi avTov e^etz^ i/ii. ixPV^ 7^)° avTov, & avBpei; 
 A6r)vaZot, OT iyco Trji; IIavBt,ovi8o<; j^oprjyb^ VTreaTtjv ev tS 
 Brjfio), Tore Tijs 'Epey^^dTjtSo'i avaaravTa, ttJ? kavTov (J3v\ri<;, 
 avOvrroaTrjvai, koX KaTaa-rrjcravB' eavrov ef Xcrov KoX to, 
 ovTa avaXldKOVTa Sxnrep eya), ovtq) ft,' aipaipela-dai, ttjv 
 
 c. viKrjv, v^pi^ew Be ToiavTa koX rinrTeiv p,riBe rore. vvv 
 Be TOVTO jMev ovk eiroiriaev, ev S tov Brjfiov eTifirjaev av, 
 
 -^ ovB^ eyeayievaaTo tolovtov ovBev ifiol S", o? {etTe tis, ay 
 ^Bpei; ' AOrfvaiob, fiovXerai vofjbiaai fiavla' fiavia fyap- 
 
 things which are such as not to be beautiful (ea quse non sini pulchra);' 
 whereas t& ov xaXd. simply := those which are not beautiful : the speaker in 
 the latter case has two or three ugly objects before his eye, in the former he 
 regards a whole class possessed of such qualities as to make them ugly. 
 Madvig, however, does not so explain the idiom, § 207. AVe can account for 
 the use of fiv here on a simpler ground, that c^vy followed by a negative 
 constitutes a prohibitive sentence. iA^.fv^ji>.^-i-B^ jut-Ct , t^ « /v . /-f ai'. 
 
 b. " Por when I undertook in the public assembly to be Choregus of the 
 tribe P., he ought then to have risen up, (di/ao-r. sc. to address the assembly,) 
 and undertaken a rival Choregia of his own tribe B., and to have thus deprived 
 me of the victory, by having placed himself on an equal footing, and by 
 spending his money as I did :" i. e. he ought to have provided a chorus 
 which would eclipse mine and keep me fairly from winning. 
 
 0. vppiX,i!iv. " But he ought not to have insulted me thus even then :" 
 even had he been Choregus. " But, as it was, he did not adopt that course 
 whereby (.in. Madv. § 39, E.) he would have done honour to the Commons; 
 nor did he shew his mettle." veavi6vea6ai is here used in quite a different 
 sense to what we found in § 8. b. The translation I have given of it is from 
 ShUleto's note on the De Fals. Leg. p. 401 (end). It is surely no parallel, as 
 he argues, to the meaning of neai/teuo-ame'i/ou there, which is, " made boastful 
 promises :" Schsefer, however, adopts this latter view. 
 
 euLol &' OS. " But myself who either iu madness, if any one chooses to 
 think it so, (for madness, perhaps, it is to be doing what is beyond your 
 power,) or in patriotic zeal, undertook to be Choregus, he dogged with 
 insults so undisguised and abominable that at last he did not keep his 
 hands even off my sacred garments, or my chorus, or my person." TcXevTui}/, 
 ipxofi-evo^, e)jtuj/, and some few other participles, are used in an idiom which 
 is the inversion of our own : TeXeux. elirE, lit. " he said ending," i. e. " he 
 ended with saying :" Xtipels ex™"; " you trifle keeping," i. e. you keep 
 trifling." This Greek usage puts the participle where we place the finite 
 verb and vice versd, see Madv. 176. c. E. woteTv is the imperf. infin. =: to be 
 tiring to do. nvapnK. iirr]p. we have had already at § 7. b. : the notion is of 
 Midias following close on his heels and insulting him all the while. 
 
§§ 2G, 2I.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 47 
 
 tcrco? earlv virep Bwa/iiv ri iroielv' etre Kal <f>ikoTifj.ia) 
 'Xppryyos inrioTrjv, ovrm ^avepws Kal jMapSyi} eTrr/ped^av 
 537 irapTjKoXovOrjaev were p/qhe r&v lepmv IfxaTiosv fir]8e 
 Tov xopov fji,7)Be Tov crw^aro? to) %etpe TeKevrmv cmo- 
 iT')(kadai, fiov. 
 
 Eb Tolvvv n<! vfiMV, & avSpe^ ' AOtjvoioi, aXka><; Iras'; 
 e)(eb TTjv opyrjv iirl MeiStav r) co? ov Seov avrbv reOvdvat, 
 ovK opQm €%et. ov ydp icrn Bitcaiov ovBe irpocrfJKov ttjv 
 TOV ira96vTo<s €v\d^eiav ra> /iTjSev VTroa-reiXafiivq) Trpo? 
 v^piv fiepiSa 619 (TcoTTjpiav V7rdpj(eip, dXKd tov fiev w? 
 dirdvTaiv T&v dvrjiceaTwv atriop Ko'Xd^eiv Trpoc'^Kei, rm S' 21. a. 
 iirl TOV ^orjdeiv diroSiBovai, rrjv ^(dpiv. ovSk jap ai> 
 tovt' ea-Tiv ehreiv, m'; ov yeyevrj/j-evov TTtoTror' ovSevos ex 
 T&v roiovTcov Setvov rm \6y(p to irpcuyp,' iycb vvv atpoi 
 
 A Toivuv. " If then there is any one of you whose anger against Midias 
 falls short of insisting that he must be put to death," lit. who cherishes the 
 anger he does cherish (ttiv) in any other (a. e. lower) degree than this, viz. : 
 the sentiment that he ought to die." The oi here (according to our idiom) 
 must be omitted in translation, and is a very singular Attic use after such 
 expressions as ixdWov v, aWios n, and the like: it is thus explained by 
 JButtmann, * If you say, tovto fidWov wolvo'qj ^ eKeZvo, you deny of eKeTvo 
 what you affirm of tovto, and hence the negative before e/celBo creeps in.' 
 A perfect instance in Thucyd. iii. 36 (when they are repenting of their 
 
 JTOte to destroy Mytilene) ^Jfidv Td j3ov\eu/xa iroXiv oXrtv Sta(pdeTpaL fxdXXov 
 ^ ou To6s aiTious. Buttmann maintains 'abusum hunc vocuiae oli nasci 
 potuisse nonnisi in formula iu affirmative, qua posterior pars negatur.' Her- 
 mann's view was just the opposite ; there are not sufficient examples of the 
 •construction to settle the pomt conclusively. 
 
 oil yip ecTTi SU. His ar^ment is: Whoever thinks Midias does not 
 deserve capital punishment, is come to a conclusion from wrong premises ; 
 for he gives to Midias the -credit of nothing irremediable (like murder or 
 mutilation) having occurred; whereas the credit of that is due entirely to 
 my forbearance iu not retaliating his outrage. Bender : "For it is not just 
 nor proper that the forbearance of his victim should contribute a jot to save 
 a man who has set no bounds to his insolence." Had the orator expressed 
 his argument fully he would have inserted the words Sia t6 /iriSky ivvKearov 
 yeyovevai after TeBiiavai : but he leaves this step to_ be suppUed in the mind 
 of his hearers. iironreiX. Ut. " taken in saU," like v(peiy.iviZ. On nepi^, see 
 §50. a. 
 
 (OS. "As though he had been actually guilty." t'n-i tov /Jo?)., "on the 
 occasion of rendering him legal redress" — that is to be their opportunity of 
 shewing the gratitude they feel for his previous self-restraint. 
 
 21. a. alpia. " That I exaggerate the fact in my description," though 
 
48 DBMOSTHENIS MIDI,^, [§ 21. 
 
 b. KoX ^o^epov TTOiS). TToXXov ye koI 8ei. aXX' leraaiv 
 is, dwavTes, el 8e fifj, jroXXoi ye, Evduvov rov ira XaUr avrd 
 "^ ttot' eKelvov, tov veaviaKov, SaxfjiXov rov irajKpaTiacrTrjv 
 
 {iayvpot; Tt? rjv, fieXa^, ev 018' on yiyvcoaKovcri rives iifiStv 
 ov Xeyco,) tovtov ev Sa/im ev avvovaia rivl Kal hiarpi^rj 
 ovTw; IBla, OTi rviTTuiv avrbv v^pi^eiv aero, d/j,vvdfievov 
 
 c. ovTas ware koX d/rroiCTelvai. Xa-acnv Evaiava iroXXol 
 TOV AetoSdfiavTO^ dBeX^bv diToicreivavTa Boiarov ev 
 Beivvcp KoX avvoBo) Koivfj Bid irXrjyrjv fiiav. ov yap fj 
 'TrX'Tjyr) •KapecTTijcre rrjv opyrjv, dXX' rj drifiCa ' oiiBe to 
 
 nothing so very dreadful has occurred. He proceeds to give two instances, 
 where homicide had been committed on very much shghter provocation 
 than he had received from Midias. 
 
 b. AXy liramv. "All people, or, if not all, at any rate many, know 
 Euthynus, that young man, the celebrated {eKslvov) wrestler, who so 
 revenged himself on Sophilus the Paucratiast ; (Euthynus was a strong, dark 
 fellow : I am quite sure some of you are aware of the man I mean ;) I say, 
 every body knows that in Samos, at a party and entertainment which was 
 merely private, he (Euthynus),- because the striker (Sophilus) intended to 
 insult him, so revenged himself that he killed his man. The construction 
 is rather obscure, owing to the subject and object being both accusatives. 
 
 The orator was going to say to-ao-ti; Efifui/oy &fJiVt/dfi, ^m^nXov tuo-Te diroKTeT- 
 
 vai; but before he arrives at the word ifivud/i. he inserts a parenthesis 
 describing Euthynus' personal appearance ; after the parenthesis he repeats 
 the subjects by means of the pronoun toutov, and then carries out the 
 original construction. Most texts have Kal before Sm^iXoi/, i. e. "the youth 
 who wrestled and revenged himself :" Buttmanu and Schsefer consider the 
 KOI an interpolation, but Kennedy prefers it. 
 
 -irayKpaTiaa. The Pancratium comprised wrestling and boxing. 
 
 ouTMs lUcL. This oliTtus is something like the Homeric aCxwt, " only so 
 and nothing' more." See further on, § 33. 0., for another example. Also 
 Olynth. I. p. 14 (end) outw ttws avev irpayfiaTwi/ T-auTa Xaju/3ai/eTe. 
 
 AcuiSaii. The famous orator and lawyer. See .ffisoh. c. Ct., 73, 20. 
 
 Sia TrXtiyiii;. " On account of a single blow." Sii with the aocus. indi- 
 cates the cause or author : with the genitive, the means. 
 
 ■wapeiTTtic-e. The Aorist of habit and frequency, which is best rendered 
 by our present, " causes." As a rule the Aorist, if not translateable by our 
 simple Preterite, approaches more nearly to our indefinite Present ; for here 
 " causes" = " is wont to cause," not definitely = " is causing at this 
 moment." We should always, of course, avoid introducing our auxiliary 
 " have" in rendering an Aorist, except the presence of such an adverb as 
 ToVe, fiSri, or the like, convert the Aoristum into Tempus Mnitum: fi^tj 
 ciroiricra would mean, for instance, " I have already made," but that is 
 because the adverb has changed the time from indefinite into finite. See 
 also Madvig, § 111, B. a, b. 
 
§ 21.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, 49 
 
 TviTTeaQai to'1<; eKevOepois earl heivov, Kaiirep ov Beivov, 
 aWa TO e<f>' v^pei. •jroXka yap av irofrjaeiev 6 Tinrrmv, d. 
 w avSpeii 'AQTjvaloi, mv 6 iradoav evca ovB' av ajrayyei- 
 Xai Svvatd' irip^, rm (Tyr][La-n, tS> ^XenfiaTi, t§ tpcovfj, 
 brav CO? v^pi^mv, orav to? i')(dpo<; V7rdp'ya>v, orav kov- 
 ovXoi'i, orav eVl K6pprj<;. ravra Kivel, rain' i^UrTrjaiv 
 avffpwTTOv^ avT&v, aridei<; ovras rov •jrpoirtjXaKiijea-Oai. 
 538 0V061? av, & avSpes 'Adrjvaioi, ravr airop/'feKKcov Svvatro e_ 
 TO Beivov 'TTapaaTrja-at Tols aKOvovaw ovtcos ms eVt ttj? 
 aXr}0eia<; icai tov Trpdy/jLara rp 7rdffy(pvTt Kal Tot? 
 opSsaiv 6vapy7j<; ^ v^pis ^alveTai. a-Key^offde Brj tt/dos' 
 Aios Kal 6e&p, & avBpe<s 'Adrjvatoi, Kal Xo'yicraa-de Trap' 
 Vfuv avTois oaq> irXeiova opiyrjv e/xot TrpoarJKe TrapaaTrivai 
 Trda'')(pvTi TotavTa iiiro MeiSlov rj Tore eKcLvm t(3 Eiiaicovc 
 T^ TOV BoteoTov aiTOKTeivavTL. o fiev ye inrb yvcopi/iov, f_ 
 Kao TovTov fiedvovToi;, evavriov e^ rj eiTTa dvOpoyiTcov 
 eifK/riyrj, Kal tovtcov yvcopl/Mmv, o? rov fiev KaKieiv 0I9 
 eVjOafe, rov B' eTraivecrecrdai, fieTO, tuvtu dvaa-xpfievov Kal 
 KaracT'Xpvd' eavTov 'efieXKov, Kal ravT els oIkUlv eXdaiv 
 
 Scivdv. " It is not the being beaten that is so aggravating to a freeborn 
 man, (aggravating enough though it be,) but the being beaten for insult. 
 For the striker might do many things (some of which his victim could not 
 
 even describe to a third party,) by his gesture, his looks, his voice " 
 
 This passage is much admired by all ancient and modem commentators. 
 See Quintil. yi. i. 17. Longin. 20. &e. 
 
 d. KovdCXois, with the fist closed: iiri Kopptis, with the hand open, 
 Koppt] meaning the side of the forehead. Plato, Gorg. 486. c. Theoor. 
 xiT. 34. 
 
 e^iarrtinv. Exactly our expression " puts beside themselves," as implying 
 frenzied anger. 
 
 e. Ti Seivdv. "To convey an idea of -the aggravation in the clear light 
 which the insult truly and actually assumes to the victim and the spectators." 
 It is easy to see the meaning and construction of this, but, to make it 
 good English, even more paraphrasing is required. 
 
 trapanTrjuai. Of anger, simply "to be felt." 
 
 efieWov. " Who were certain to abuse the one (Boeotus) for what he 
 had done, and to praise the other for being patient and having restrained 
 
 H 
 
50 DEAIOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 21, 22. 
 
 67rt Selirvov, ol ij,r] ^aSi^eiv i^rjv avrm. iym 8' vtt' 
 i'X^Opov V7](^0VT0';, ecodev, v^pei koX ovk oivcp tovto 
 irotovVTOS, evavTiov ttoXXwi' koX ^evwv Koi 'rroXiraiv 
 vfipi^ofiTjv, Kal Tavr' iv tepiS koI ol ttoXXjj fioi yv 
 22. a. dvdyKT} /SaStfeti' 'x^opTjyovvTi. koI ifiavTov fiev je, w 
 dvSpe'i ' AOrjvaioi, aa)(f)p6va)<;, fidWov B' evTvySs'i otfiai 
 ^e/SovXevadai, dvadj^ofjievov Tore koI ovSev dv-^KeaTOV 
 i^o'^divTa irpd^at ' tw B' Evalcovt koi irdaiv, et tk 
 avrS ^e^or)d'r}Kev drtfJ-a^ofievos, ttoXX^i' avyyvdfiTjv e')(w. 
 b. SoKovai Be fiot Kal rav BiKaadvTwv Tore ttoXXoi ■ dKOvm 
 yap avrov e^aye fiia fiovov dXwvai ^jn^ipw, Kal ravra 
 ovTe KXavaavra oiire BerjOevra tmv BiKacrroov ovBevof, 
 
 himself after such treatment." /ueXXw is very frequent in this sense in Attic. 
 Ari,stoph. San. 268. AcMrn. 347, &c., where we generally render itj "Aye! 
 I thougld you would," i. e. I was sure of your doing so. 
 
 h^iiv. "Where he was not all obliged to go :" lit. "it was in his power 
 not to go." iir\&i, of course, is in close connection with paSiC^eiv. Of. iEsoh. 
 JSumen. 899. Euffion's presence at the dinner was not compulsory, that of 
 Demosthenes at the Temple was: iroWv uoi tji/ dudyKv, as he says below. 
 His contrast of details here is extremely well sustained and vigorous. 
 
 23. a. /idWoi/ Se evTvxai^. Though maintaining that ' discretion is the 
 better part of valour,' he wishes to convey the idea that his not retahating 
 was partly accidental good fortune ; otherwise they might come to the 
 natural conclusion that he had been afraid. 
 
 e^axSivra. "Excited." Eurip. Ion. 361. Thucyd. III. 45. Plato, 572. B. 
 
 a-vyyvc!)iiriv. " I can make great allowance :" we must, from this, supply 
 a-vyyv. ex€Li> after Sokovui. in the next sentence. 
 
 fiLa, i. e. by a majority of one vote in favour of his condemnation. If the 
 votes were equal in the Areopagus, the prisoner was acquitted. jEsoh. 
 Etimen. 752, 3. dXSivai. is, of course, passive in sense, the 2nd Aor. and Perf. 
 of the obsolete AAISKQ being used intransitively, like those of laTttfjn, <pvw, 
 and others. 
 
 b. KXaia-airra. The .regular practice for a defendant in the Athenian 
 law courts, as we see from this speech and elsewhere. It is most happily 
 introduced by Aristoph. in the Vespa, where the house-dog is on his trial. 
 
 1. 976. "Trov Ta iraLSta ; dvajiaLveT , (o TroyTjpA, Kul Kvv'^ov^eva aiTCtTe, k&vtl- 
 
 /SoXciTE, Kal SaKpiere. Vv. 811 — 1008 in that play are an excellent locus 
 classicus as illustrating the proceedings of an ordinary criminal suit. 
 
 (piXavBpaTrov. " Act of politeness," somewhat ironical in this sense. Cf. 
 De JFals. Leg. 384. (ptXavdpwirevo/ieiio^ irpos tous irpea^ei^y where flattering 
 and oajoUng are implied, as in our colloquial expression, " clap-trap." 
 
§§ 22, 23.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 51 
 
 ovre (faXdvOpcoirov oine fiiKpbv ovre fiiya ovB' oriovv 
 539 7rpo9 Tovs SiKaarhs iroirjaavra. d&fiev Toivvv ovTaal, c. 
 Toiii; jjbev icaTayvovTa<: avTOv firj oVt ruivvajo, hia tovto 
 Karo'^^ia'aa'Oai, aKK' on tovtov top rpoirov Sxtte koX 
 a/iroKTetvai, tows 3' airoyvovTas km Tavrr/v ttjv vTrep^oXf/v 
 7fj<; Tiiitopla<i ra ye to (T&fia v^pta/iivai SeSaKevai. ri d. 
 ovv; ifiol TG) Toa-avTy Ke)(pi]fieva) irpovola rov firjSev 
 av7jiK<7rov yevka-dai, acrre /irjB' afivvaaOat,, irapa toO ttjv 
 TifKoplap mv treirovda diroBodrjvai TrpoaijKei; iya> fiev 
 oifiai Trap' vfi&v Kal rmv vofimv, ical TrapdSeiyfid ye trdo'i 
 yevecrOai rots aXXots, on roiis v^pi^ovras d-iravTa'i Koi 
 Tov'i daehrfel<; ovk avTov dfivveadai- fierd rrj^ opyrjs, oW' 
 e^ vjidi ayeiv Bet, (09 ^e^aiovvrcov vfiav Kai (pvKaTTOv- 
 TCDV ras ep rots vofiois tok Tradovcri ^or)deia<;. 
 
 Olfiat, TOIVVV Tivd<s vfiwv, & dvBpe^ BiKaaral, iroOelv 23. a. 
 aKOvaai ttjv e')(jdpav, ^T4S rjv rjiuv Trpos d\Xi]\,ov'} ' 
 vofii^eiv ydp ovBeva dv dvffpcoircov ovtco<; da-eXyas Kal 
 /3iaio)'; oiiBevl tcjv tto'Ki.tcov dv ■)(prja-a(T6ai,, /jltj fieydkov 
 
 c. Tous fiev Ka-rayv. "That those who voted for his condemnation did 
 not pass the vote against him merely for this reason, because he retaliated, 
 but because he retaliated in such a way as actually (xai) to cause death; 
 while those who voted acquittal allowed even this extravagance of retalia- 
 tion to a man personally outraged :" i. e. considered it as a case of justifiable 
 homicide. 
 
 d. trapi. Tou. The interrogative in its more usual Attic form. 
 
 ye is probably the correct reading after wapaSeiyixa — ^the whole case 
 would be "an example" generally, and a caution to violent characters. 
 There is no need to substitute pe, or tovtov, one or other of which readings 
 have crept into the text, from want of intelligence on the part ot the copyist. 
 
 a'uTov &IIVV. "To take vengeance oneself' in a passion instead of bringing 
 the bully into court. 
 
 /leTd T^s ipy^s. " With the fit of anger on him,'' at that particular 
 moment. Hence the article is prefixed to 6pyn^. 
 
 pepatovuToav. Tour enforcing penalties on behalf of one persecuted 
 person would encourage others to wait for legal redress. 
 
 23. a. du may fairly be retained both after oiiSeva and before xpn(rao-0<ii, 
 as it adds to the vigour of the sentence, and such reduplication of uv Is too 
 common in Greek to need illustration. Madvig, § 139. b. 
 
53 DJSMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 23. 
 
 b. rivo<; ovtos S avrm •7rpoaKf>et\eTo. ^ovXofiai, 8^ kuI Trepl 
 ravTri<; vfuv e^ <ip%''7? ehrelv koX Sir/jijaacrdM, Iv elBrjd' 
 OTi, KOb TOVTCOV 6<f)el\Q)v Slktjv (jjavijaeTM. ecrrai Se irepl 
 aiiTcbv ^paj^vi 6 \6yo<;, hmv avwOev apyeadau Sokcj. 
 
 c. r/vLKa Tas Swca? eka'^ov tcov Trarpaxov roi? eiruTpoiroL'i, 
 fieipaKvWoov aiv KOfjuhfi koX tovtov ovB' el yeyovev et'Scb? 
 oiSe yiyvcocTKcov, ais fiTjBk vvv u)(j)eXov, tots fioi fieX- 
 'KovcrSiv elaievat rSiV hiKwv els rjfiepav wcnrepel TerdpTTjV 
 fj irefnrTTjv elcreTr^STjcrav dSeX<f>6<; 6 tovtov koI ovto<; 64? 
 
 ! TTjv olKtav avTiSoSovTei; Tpc'r]pap')(iav. Tovvofxa fiev Srj 
 '7Tape(T')(ev eKetvos, koI rjv 6 avTt,hi,hov<; @pa<TvKo')(ps ' to, 540 
 8' epya irdvT rjv Koi to, TrpaTTOfieva viro tovtov. koX 
 
 •~^ irpowtpeiXeTOj i. e. el fj.r] TTjOOTjfitKTjTO iiei^ova (Ulpian). 
 
 b. Kai Tov-rwi>=h.is more ancient acts of injustice, for which also he had 
 as yet paid no penalty'. 
 
 Kai; dvioSeii, He repeats the same formula exactly at § 44. b. aviod. 
 implying " a long way back." in point of time. 
 
 c. Xayx^i^f '" ^'''>'. Like our process of having a true bill found by the 
 grand jury. "To institute actions." The word Xayx. is used because a 
 prosecutor had to " obtain" the Archon's permission to bring a suit into 
 Court, and the Arohon decided the order of hearing " by lot." Hence XiJJis 
 comes to signify simply the " decilaration," or terms of the indictment. Three 
 speeches of the orator against Aphoins (the principal of his trustees) are extant. 
 
 fieipaKvW, KOfmBij. "Quite a stripling." Aristoph. San. 89. 
 
 eWms. " Not knowing of defendant's existence, much less being ac- 
 quainted with him, and, oh ! would that I were not so to this day." With 
 wrpeXav we must supply yiyviinTKew. On the construction of SxpeX. see 
 Madv. § 129. E. 2. 
 
 eicrie'i/oii. "To come on," lit. to enter the court, this verb serving as a 
 passive to eladyeiv in its technical sense. 
 
 TeTct/DTtji/, i.e. the fourth or fifth day from the time when they broke 
 into the house. 
 
 &vTidiS6vT€s. " Offering to exchange." By the legal process An tidosis, 
 any citizen called upon to fulfil a leitourgia might call upon any other person 
 not so charged either to fulfil the duty in his stead, or submit to a complete 
 exchange of properties. The law is quoted in the speech of the orator 
 against Fhcenippus, at^ the beginning. The trierarchia was one of the two 
 extraordinary leitourgiai, the eisphora (property-tax) being the other : the 
 Trieraroh's duties were to supply the state at private expense with vessels of 
 war, both triremes and smaller craft. 
 
 QparrvXoxos is the brother of Midias, who as trieraroh supplied his name 
 for the proposition, and made the offer. 
 
 KCLL TO wpaTTo/ieua, Buttmann's emendation is KarairpaTToncva : but 
 the former is far the better reading. To explain !nrd tovtov we have only 
 to supply vpaTTOficua again with i]v = were being performed. 
 
§ 23.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 53 
 
 irptoTov /j,ev Ka7ka')(taav Tas Qvpa^ twv olKrifidrmv, cos d. 
 avT&v ^St) •ytyvofiiva'} Kara ttjv avrlSoa-iv elra t^9 
 a8e\(fnj'; eV evBov ovarjs Tore Kal iraiSos ovottjs Koprjii 
 ivavTiov i(j>di'y'yovTo ala-)(pa Kal Toiaina oV av avOpioiroi 
 roiovTOi (fidiy^aiVTO {pv jap eycoye 'irpoa')(del,r)v av ehreiv 
 irpoi Vfj,a^ rav tots prjOevrmv ovBev), Kal ttjv fj/rjrepa 
 Kap,e Kal TrdvTa<} rifjud's p^jra Kal dpprjTa kuku e^elirov ' 
 o S' ow SeivoTarov Kal ov X6709, dW' epyov ijSri • ra? e, 
 ot/ca? w? avT&v ovaas '^(fyieaav to2s eTriTpoiroos. Kal — 
 TavT e(7Tt puev vraXaid, oficos 8e rtz/a? v/iayp /ivrifioveveiv 
 oifiai • o\r] yap r) ttoXj? Tr]v dvriSoatv Kal ttjv ein- 
 ^ovXr)v rare TavTr/v Kal rrjv daehyeiav ya-dero. Kor/mt. 
 Tore •jravTanracTiv eptjfios 03v Kal veos Ko/iiBy, iva /J,r) 
 Tmv irapa toI<; iirtrrpoTTobs diroaTeprjdelnfjv, ovy oaa 
 eSvvy]07jv dvaKOfJbiaacrdai TrpoaSoKav elcnrpd^etv, dXK' 
 bacov e/MavT(p crvvgBeiv aTreaTeprjfievq), BlB(op,i, e'lKoarv 
 
 d. aliTmv. Ironically : " As if already their own property :'' of course the 
 house and estate would be exchanged simultaneously when antidosis was 
 accepted. So again in e. 
 
 e-r hSov, i. e. unmarried. Bekt. Chariel. p. 472 (translation). 
 
 pr\Ta K. T. \, " Against my mother, &c. they shouted out the most pro- 
 miscuous abuse." pijTd kuI appv\Ta is idiomatic = djcewfia tacenda, what 
 ought to be said and what ought not. The element eg implies \he freedom of 
 their speech : they spoke out words which ought to have been suppressed. A 
 similar expression is found in Soph. Electr. 520. kuItoi ttoWA irpos iroXXoiJs 
 fxe Sf]j egetTras, ws Qpauela Kal irepa StKtj^ ^PX^- 
 
 e. rirl>ie<rau. " Withdrew the action against the trustees," or rather " were 
 for withdrawing," as the imperfect implies. Had Demosthenes consented to 
 the antidosis, his action against his guardians, with the rest of hi.'» property, 
 would have passed into the hands of Midias' brother [avTihv oCo-ds) ; and 
 therefore the latter would have had the option of withdrawing the suit ; for 
 which purpose Aphobus and the other trustees were doubtless aiding and 
 abetting him. Demosthenes, however, avoided the antidosis, and accepted 
 the leitourgia, by paying the requisite sum of money to the contractors who 
 undertook to provide the vessel. Observe the augment placed on the first 
 syllable of the preposition kitl in composition : a like irregular form, fi<pUi, 
 is found at p. 301, 10, and Isseus (60, 19) uses ii(piovv. 
 
 kSvvridt]v, i. e. " I was enabled to recover," alluding to his partial success 
 in the trial, a verdict for 10 talents against Aphobus ; not " I had the power 
 of recovering," as a mere question of right. He expected to recover 
 14 talents, knowing how much his guardians had defrauded him of, and 
 therefore did not scruple about paying 20 minse then, to avoid antidosis. 
 
54 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 24. 
 
 24. a. /am? tovtok, 6(tov ttjv Tpi,r}pap')(Lav rjaav /i€/JLi(Tda)K6Te<;. 
 
 TO, /lev Srj Tore v^pia/iara rovrwv els ifie ravT ec7Tiv. 
 
 BiKfjv Be TOVTq> Xaj^wv vcrTepov t)}? KaK7]'yopui<i etXop 
 
 ipij/j.rjv • ov jap airrjVTa. 'Kaj3a)v 8' vireprniepov Koi e'x^cov 
 
 — ovBevo<i '^yjrdfiTjv irwirore rwv tovtov, aXXa Xw^^av e^ov^ 
 
 , \7]s- TrdXiv ovheirw koX Trjp,epov elaeXdelv BeSvv7)/u,at " 
 
 ' Toaavraii ri'xya's Koi (XKij^freis ovto<; evplffKCOv e/CKpovei. 
 
 b. Ka/yca fiev ovtcos evXa/Sas rf} BiKy, rot? vofioi'i airavra 
 TTpaTTeiv d^iS) • 6 B', ft)? vfieli d/covere, daeXyw<; ov 
 fiovov et? ifie koI tovs e'/iou? oiexo Belv lijipll^eiv, dXkd 
 Kai et? Toi)^ ^vXeras Bl e/j,e. to? ovv ravr dXrjdrj Xeyco, 541 
 KaXeo fioi TovT(ov roix; fidpTvpa<;, iV elBfjO' OTt Trplv 
 Kara tov<; vo/j.ov; Blktjv 3)V irporepov rjBiKrjdrjv Xa^elv, 
 iTuXiv TOiavra ola dKrinoare v^picrfiai,. 
 
 c. MAPTTPIA. [KaXXiaehns i:4>i]Trto'i, Ac6yvr]To<i 
 
 ne/xiiyduiKoTe^. At this time two citizens combined to defray the expenses 
 of supplying each trireme for the State. See below, § 42. d. As regards this 
 particular trierarchy, Thrasylochus was one Partner and Philinus (§ 44) was 
 the other. Accordingly Philinus became amTpi-npapxo^ to Demosthenes. 
 A contract for the vessel had been already entered into, and Calippus had 
 undertaken to supply it for 40 minas, the half share of which, 20 minaj, 
 Demosthenes paid up at once, oc^ov k. t.\. " the amount of their con - 
 tract for the T." fiin-dovu = redemptori locare.' Two amended Trierarchic 
 laws will be found in the Be Corona, 261, 262. 
 
 24. a. Ttji KUKtry. " The bad language," of which he had been speaking 
 just before : hence the article t^s. 
 
 iprilirii/. "I got a verdict by default," i.e. by the non-appearance of 
 Midias ivhen cited in court, ob yap iinjirra. The adj. eptip.. is more 
 generally, in Attic, of two terminations only : S'lKtiv must, of course, be 
 supphed iiere. 
 
 e'xMi', as well as Xa^um, must be taken with uTrep-npiepoti -. Xaftwv refers 
 to the moment when Midias, having failed to pay his fine within the stated 
 period, became !nrepnfiiepo^, from which moment Demosthenes had a right to 
 seize his property for the amount : Hx'^" to the same state of things con- 
 tinuing up to the present time when Demosthenes is speaking, and implying 
 that he has still the same right, if he chose to use it. 
 
 e^ot5\7]s, so. otKrjv', see § 13.a. eltreXOelif SC. S'tKriv; cf. ei<7epxo[JLat KaTa- 
 XeipoToviav, § 3. b. ; also cf. the ApJioius, p. 840. 
 
 b. els Toiis (pvXcTds. "But also to insult my fellow-tribesmen for my 
 sake." See § 36. b., 8. b. c. 
 
 c. 20riTTios. " Of the deme Sphettus." There wore a hundred demes 
 
§ 24.] DEMOSTIIENIS MIDIA.S. 55 
 
 QopiKios, MvqaLOeos 'AXmireK'^Oev, o'iSa^ev^ ^Aritioa-Qevriv, 
 09 fiapTvpovfiev, Kpicrip XeKoy^^^oju MeiSua i^ovKr)<i, rm 
 Koi vvv vir avTov Kpivofjueva Srjfioaia, km i]Sr] Trj Kpiaei 
 ixeivr) Sia/yeyovora errj oktod, kcu tov j(p6vov 'yeyevTjfievov 
 "TTavTos a'lnov MeoSlav del rtpo^aai^ofievov km dva^oK- 
 \6fievov.] 
 
 *0 Toivvv ireTToirjKev, m avSpes 'AOfjvaioi, vepl Tr?y d. 
 SiKT)';, cLKovcrare, Kal Oecopeire 60' eKaaTov ttjv v^piv 
 Kol rrjv VTrepTj^aviav airrov, rffs j^p St'.ici;?, rauti;? 
 X^Yto ^s elXov aiiTov, ylyverai jjloi hiMTrjTr^s ^rpcncov 
 ^aXr]pev<;, avOpwiroii vivrjs fiev Tt? Kal dTrpwyfiav, 
 aXXax; S' ov Trovrjpos, aXka Kal irdw ')(p'r]aT6s • mep 
 TOV TcCKaiiraipov ovk opOojs ovSe St/catw?, dWd Kal 
 irdvv ala'xpms diroXociXeKev. oiiTos Siairav rjfjbiv 6 ^Tpd- e. 
 TWi/j iiretBi] TTod' fjKev ri Kvpua, irdvTa S' fihy) Sie^eXrfKvdei — 
 
 TOO* ©-*<r>*-<'», •»- 
 
 in all, ten to each <j)v\7i : the official description of a citizen would always, as I 
 
 ' here, include the name of his deme. The adjective, or adverbial form, 
 (as 'A\u)ir6K^eei/, "of Alopece,") or ex with the genitive, (as ex Tlei.pai.ws,) 
 are used indifferently. 
 
 Siayeyoi/oTa. "Eight years have elapsed since this verdict." The participle 
 is governed by o'ldafiev, which in purer Greek would be Xafiev. 
 Xpovov ^ the delay. 
 
 d. elKov. " Convicted him." This verb can be used equally with the 
 ace. of the criminal or of the charge. See § 24. a. 
 
 SLaiTr]Tvs. There were forty-four arbiters in all, each tribe having its 
 own special: (from a misunderstanding of TJlpian's note, some have imagined 
 that 440 was the number, but this would have been extreme, even for 
 litigious Athens). When the damages assessed, or the sum claimed, in ! 
 any case, exceeded 10 drachmae, a disetetes had to discuss the case before it 
 went into court. He was bound, at the expiration of a specified period, 
 {irpoBetr/iiia), to pronounce his sentence, to which the Archons added their I 
 subscription. Any person disputing an arbiter^s decision was to bring his 
 action against them during the 11th month, Thargelion, throughout the 
 whole of which all the arbiters of the year had to meet daily, to answer any 
 such charge that should be laid. Skirophorion is the 12th 'month of the 
 Greek year. An arbiter guilty of collusion was Uable to &Ti.[iia. 
 
 dirpdy/iuiv. " Not a man of business." 
 
 e. ri Kvpia, so. «fiepa = the last day for pronouncing sentence! same as 
 'TrpoQeiTnia, 
 
 Sie^eKriKvSei.. . " Had been gone through." This intrans. use is somewhat 
 rare. Vid. Olymlh. ir. p, 19. 1. 17, and Hpist. act, FMlipp. 153, 7. 
 
56 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 24. 
 
 \ TCLK Twv vofiav, vnT(o^o(TLaL KCbl Trapajpacjial, km, 
 ovBev er' rjv vnoXoiwov, rb [lev irpwrov e'iria'')(elv 
 iSeiTo /MOV Tvv Biatrav, eireira etV ttjv varepalav ava- 
 ^aXiaOai ' to reXevTalov S', 0)9 ovt iyo) a-vve-xcopovv 
 ovO' ovTo? airijVTa, t^? 8' &pa<; eylr/ver' oyfre, Kare- 
 i^ f. BtyTTjcrei'. tjBt} B' ea-irepas ovo-i]<; Kal aicoTovs ep^erat 543 
 M.eihia'i ovroal Tr/ao? to t&v ap')(pvTa>v oiKTjfia, Kab 
 KaraXa/i^dvei Toii^ dp^ovras i^i6vTa<; Kal tov ^rpd- 
 Twva diTiovT' rjhr), rfjv eprjfiov SeScoKora, to? eycb tcov 
 irapwyevofxevwv Tivo<; eTrvvOavo/MTjv. rb fiev ovv irpoiTov 
 olo^ t' rjv irelOeiv avTov rjv KaTeSeSiyTijKei,, Tavrrjv cvno- 
 SeBirjT'ij/jbivriv aTro(f>aiveiv, Kal tov<; dp')(pvTa': neraypd^ea>. > 
 „ Kol irevTijKovTa Spa')(/idi; avroi? ehiSov ' a)s 8' ehvij')(epaivov 
 ovToi rb irpcvyfia Kal ovBeTepov<s eTreidev, diveCkrjaa'; Kal 
 BiuXoiBoprjOels drreXdoDv ri Troiei ; Kal Oedaaade ttjv 
 
 vTrai/jLocria. A formal request to have the case delayed^ on the ground of 
 the defendant or plaintiff heing unable to attend from illness, travel, and 
 such like causes : oath of excuse." 
 
 irapuypatpri. The same kind of process, only made in vrriting, and not 
 supported by witnesses : " bill of exception." 
 
 iiriaxeiv^ to stop my appeal for arbitration. 
 
 KaTaSmiTau, To give a verdict for the plaintiff, as &TToSiaiTa.i> is for the 
 defendant. 
 
 f. oJ/cij/ia, "the office," implying one room only. 
 
 SebaiKOTo. t. kp. "Having given the suit in favour of the plaintiff by 
 default." SUnu is, of course, understood : of. the Latin idiom, " lites dare 
 secundum." 
 
 oTo's t' riu. "He vpas capable," equivalent to e-roKfia, "he had the 
 audacity." oTos, without -re, in this sense, although defended by Eeiske, is 
 not the common Attic use. 
 
 iTTorj^alveiv. The technical term for " recording sentence :" iJiCTaypa<fieiv, 
 to re- write what you have previously written: here the Archona were 
 wanted to change that entry of the case which they had made in their own 
 books, and to return it as given in favour of Midias. 
 
 iSiSou. " "Was for giving them," the orator's favourite use of an imperfect 
 tense. A very good instance is in the Zenothem. 884, lireide tov irpwpea, 
 " he tried to persuade." 
 
 0X~ 
 
 J->'C-0--i '• ■>■ f * y p *> ^ I 
 
§ 24-J 
 
 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIA8. 57 
 
 KaKorfOeiav. ttjv filv hianav avTtXa'^wv ovk wfioarev, 
 aXX' e'iacre icaO' eavrov Kvpiav yevicrOai, teal avd)/J,0T0<; 
 aitTjvk'xdr) • /3ovX6fj,6vo^ Be to fieWov Xadeiv, <f>vXd^as h. 
 TTfv reXevTaiav ■^fiepav rSiv Biairaiv, ttjv tov 6ap- 
 'yrjXtwvo'i rj rov (rKipo(j)opi5>vo<; yiyvo/iivTjv, eh rjv 6 fiev 
 rjXOe T&y SiatrrjToiv, 6 S' ovk ?]Xde, ireicrai tov irpvTa- 
 vevovra Bovvai JTSKLJlll^S&Sif "^ap^ •jravTa^ tov^ vofiovs, 
 KXTjTTJpa oiS' ovTivovv eTTtypa'ylrdfjLevof, KaTrjyopwv eprj/wv, 
 
 g. T7';i/ fiiu SiaiTaii. "He entered an objection against the arbitration 
 (j. e. moved for a fresh trial), and then omitted to take the oath." ivTiXaxelv 
 describes the process of appeal against an arbitration considered unfair by 
 the losing party ; he had to swear that his objection was iond fide : this 
 Midias omitted to do, as if the case were not worth it. 
 
 Kuptav. " Confirmed against him." So. iiaiTw. 
 
 SfirtivexSri. His name was reported to the Thesmothetse as having neg- 
 lected to take the aforesaid oath, and so the previous judgment against him 
 became irreversible. 
 
 h. T^i/ TOV dap. n amp. " The last day of the arbiters' responsibility 
 which belonged either to Th. or Sk." The last day of every month was 
 called ei»i) Kal vea, "old and new" as if half of it belonged to the departing 
 and half to the coming month. The name arose from Solon's efforts to regu- 
 late the lunar year : the moon's monthly orbit being 29i days, he added half 
 a day to six months in the year, and subtracted half a day from the other 
 six, so that the months were alternately 30 days and 29 days. In the former 
 class of months the last day was called lut| k. v., in the latter it was not ; but 
 after the year ceased to be lunar, the last day of evert/ month was called 
 e. K. V. ; and though the old rules which established that name had been 
 abolished, many people were under the impression that a mouth was over 
 when the first half of its last day had expired ; according to which erro- 
 neous theory, the last twelve hours of Thargelion would belong to the next 
 month, Skirophorion. Strato, being no man of business, seems to have 
 fallen into this error, and left the office before his responsibility was legally 
 over : Midias, delighted to retaliate upon him, seized the opportunity, pre- 
 ferred his complaint at the Auditors' board, convicted the absent Strato by 
 default, and got him punished with iTin'ia for alleged partiality in his official 
 decision. 
 
 o /Ji6u ^\de. One arbiter did not attend and another did, according as 
 they considered Thargelion was or was not come to an end already. 
 
 irpvTavevovTa. The chairman of the auditors (Xoyto-Tol) : De Coron. 
 p. 266, 1. 9. 
 
 xXfiTvpa. A witness present at the serving of a citation, whose name 
 would have to be recorded on the documents. 
 
 KuTrfyopaiv. Buttmanu defends this participle, in place of the gen. plur. 
 KttT-nyopmv, which last would certainly have no meaning. The verb Kaxijy. 
 will not govern an accusative of the person, it is true, but it will an accus. of 
 the thing; as Bu'rip. Beracl. 418; Antipho. 112, 34, &q. We may therefore 
 understand the whole expression here to mean 'bringing an accusation 
 in the absence of the defendant," SUn" being understood with epriiiov. 
 
 I 
 
58 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 24, 25. 
 
 ovBevbs irapovTos, eK^oiXkei Kal ari/iol rov BiaiTTjTijv • 
 
 i. Kal vvv el? 'AOrjvaLwv, on MeiSiai ^prjfiov &(f)\e Slk7ji>, 
 
 aTravTCCV aTveareprjTac tuv iv Trj iroXei, koL KaOdira^ 
 
 aTifio'i yiyove, koX oine Xa-^/eiv ahiKrjOevTa ovre SiMTrjTrjv 
 
 yeveadai MeiBia ov6' oX(o9 ttjv uvttjv oSov ^aBi,^eiv, w? 
 
 25. a. eoiKev, ecrr acrcftaXi';. Bei Br) tovto to iTrpaypia vfias 
 
 ovTcoal (TKey^aerdat, koI Xoyiaaa-Oai tc ttot' iaTlv o 
 
 iraOoiv MiiBia^ oiiroj? d)fj,ov rrfkiKavT7]v eire^ovXevcre Xa- 
 
 ^eiv tS)v TreTTpayfj.evoyv irap' avBpoi ttoXitov BCktjv, kcLv 543 
 
 [j-ev fi TL BeLvbv to? aXrjda}^ Kal VTrep<pV€<}, avyyvcbfirjv 
 
 exeiv, eav Be firjBev, Bedoaa-Oe rrjv dcreXyeiav Kal rrjv 
 
 mfioTfjTa, y Ka6' aTrdvTcov ')(pr)Tat, tS)v ivTvyx^avovTwv. 
 
 h. tI ovv eaO' irkirovOev ; fieydXriv vrj Ai' &(f)Xe BiK-qv, 
 
 Kal roaavTqv &<7t' aTroaTepeladai tS)v bvrmv ' aXXa 
 
 oliSemi, i. e. no one present to plead Strato's cause, as he had gone away 
 himself in ignorance of what was impending. 
 
 eKpdWei. so. de foro. (Buttm.) It would amount to outlawry, according 
 to our ideas. " He outlaws and disfranchises." To add force to his sentence, 
 the orator represents Midias as doing himself what, in fact, was done only at 
 his instigation by the authorities. " And now one of the arbiters (i.e. Strato), 
 because Midias was cast in a suit by default, has been deprived of all his 
 privileges in the city." This is ironical : of course the .verdict against 
 Midias was the ultimate cause of Strato's ruin : the orator represents it as 
 the immediate cause, whereas that immediate cause was Strato's own 
 stupidity. 
 
 i. Kai oSre. "And it is not safe either to institute an action against 
 Midias when you are injured by him, or to become his arbiter, or, in a word, 
 to walk on the same highway with him." 
 
 25. a. His meaning is. Just consider what provocation Midias had : if it 
 was great, excuse him ; if there was none, take this as an instance of his 
 usual presumption. 
 
 \oyi(racrSai. " Consider what in the world was this gross cruelty that 
 Midias suffered, that he plotted to inflict such deep vengeance, for what had 
 occurred, on the head of a citizen." 
 
 6ea<Taa6e. Others read 6ed(ra<76ai, depending, like exeiK, on SeI. "Mark 
 the brutality he exhibits to afl that cross his path." 
 
 b. The orator introduces an imaginary interlocutor arguing in excuse 
 for Midias. What harm has been done him ? He has lost a verdict, says 
 the interlocutor, with heavy damages. No ! the damages were only a thou- 
 sand drachms. Yes, says the other, but even that is unpleasant when the 
 verdict is unjust, and he suffered under a technical plea. That was not the 
 ease : and, moreover, he never paid up. Demosthenes' replies are both intro- 
 duced by iX\i. On m) Aia, see § 12. a. 
 
§ 25.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 59 
 
 ')(iK[(i!iV 7) S^KT] fJLOvov rjv bpa')(jjLS)v. iravv ye, aX\A SdKvei 
 Kal TovTO, ^aiT) Tt9 av, orav ixriveiv aSiKws Bej}, crvvi^ij 
 Be inrepTj/iipo) ryevofievq) XaOelv avra Bia to OLBiKrjffrivai: 
 aXX' avOr^fiepov fiev yaOero, koX fieynTTov ia-rt reK/Mi^piov 
 Tov fi7]Bev TjBiKrjKevai top avBpwrrov, Bpa'x^p.rjv S' ovBeiro) fjuiav 
 eicTeTiKev. d\Xa p/rj irat tovto. aX\a rrjv fir) ovaav avn- c. 
 Xa^etf avTm e^v B^ttov, koI irpos e/Me to Trpay/xa kutcwt'^- 
 aaaffai, tt/jo? ovirep i^ o-pyfl^ W V Blktj. aXK' ovk e^ovXero. 
 aXX' iva p,rj- MetBia<; aTifirjTov ar/cavLaTjTai Beica /j,va>v 
 SiKrjv, Trpos rjv ovk air'qvTa Beov, koX el fj,ei> rjBlKTjKe, BIktjv 
 BS, el Be fir), aTro(f)vj'r], uTtfiov 'Adrjvaiav iva elvai Bel 
 KoX iirjje avyyvdtp.ris fiTjTe Xoyov fi-^Te hneiKeia'; /MTjBe- 
 fiid^ TV')(eiv, a ical tois ovtoos dBiKovaiv airavd" virdpy^ei. 
 dXX' eireiZrj <ye '^Tifiiocyev bv e^ovXrjOr}, koX tout' i'x^apicr- d. 
 aaOe aiiTw, koI ttju dvatBrj lyvw/Mrjv, f) Tavra irpoaipeiTai 
 
 <riii/E/3i). " And it happened that he became a defaulter before he knew 
 it, because the verdict against him was unfair." Another excuse urged for 
 Midias ; that, as he was unjustly cast he did not know when the full period, 
 during which his fine should have been paid, had expired. The ordinary 
 construction, e\adev b-wep^fkepo^ ytvo/uej/oB, is varied by the introduction of 
 avvipn. Demosthenes replies that Midias knew he was oast, the very day the 
 verdict was given. 
 
 /iii iro) TouTo ^ Let us not allude to this as yet : " of that hereafter." 
 
 c. ijTjXav. Triv nil oiiaau = to object to the verdict which [in his 
 view] was null and void : i.e. to move for a new trial and have the old 
 verdict set aside. 
 
 irinnTov. See note at 9 0. Of course this paragraph is all ironical : that 
 Midias, forsooth, may avoid standing his trial for petty damages, Strato 
 must be a ruined man. "To save him from defending an action with 
 damages legally assessed for 10 minse; at which he put in no appearance, 
 though he was bound to; to save him from either paying the penalty if he 
 has done wrong, or being acquitted if he has not, one of the Athenians must 
 needs be disfranchised." 
 
 Kal T0T9 ovTias. " Even to those who are really guilty." Strato had not 
 had a hearing, so that there was no opportunity for shewing him considera- 
 tion or leniency. 
 
 d. ixapi-aaaBe " Tou had thus far indulged him :" after getting his own 
 way throughout, has he complied with that legal sentence which instigated 
 him to act so cruelly ? 
 
 5. " TJnder the influence of which he makes a principle of acting thus." 
 
60 EEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 25- 
 
 •JToieLV, ev€Tf\,7jcrev avrov, eKelv' eiroiTjffe, ttjv KaraBi,Kr]v 
 
 e. eKTeriKe, Bi' rjv tov avdpanrov airdiKeaev ; ovBe 'yaXKovv 
 ovBi TTtt) Kol rrjfjLEpov, aXKa BIktjv i^ovXrjs viro/xevet (fjev- 
 yeiv. ovKovv 6 fiev rjTi/jLcoTai, kol •jrapairoKaiXev, 6 S' 
 ovB' OTiovv ireirovOev, aW dvw KaTco Toi)^ v6/jLov<;, tojj? 544 
 BtaoTTjra^, irdvd' 6<t' av ^ovXrjTai, crrpecpei. Kal ttjv p-ev 
 Kara tov SoaiTTjTOV jvcoatv, tjv aTrp6(TKkr)TQv Korecncevaaev, 
 avTo<; Kvplav avT(^ TreiroLijTai. • rjv S' aiiTO<; &cji\ev e/iol 
 
 f. irpoaKXrjOel';, elBw'i, ovk airavTwv, aKVpov iroiel. Kairoi 
 et, irapa rSiv eprjpov KaTaBiabTTjaavTOiV avrov rrjXtKavTijv 
 BIktjv o5to9 d^iol \ap,^dveiv, TtV vpZv irpoa-^Kei irapa 
 rovTov Xa^eiv tov ^avep&<i tov<; vfj,eTepov<; v6p.ov<; i<p' 
 v^pei TTapa^aivovTos ; el 'yap dTcp,la Kal v6p,a3v Kal 
 BiKMv Kal TrdvTCDv crreprjcTis iKeivov rdBiKi]p,aTO^ "Trpoarj- 
 
 Thv KOTaJiKtiz/. " Has he paid up the fine on account of which he ruined 
 the man?" i.e. ruined Strato, for having imposed a fine upon liim in the 
 arbitration. 
 
 e. x"^™"'- The eighth part of an obol. It may he useful to mention the 
 ratio of Attic money in the case of the four ordinary coins : six ohols went to 
 a drachma, a hundred drachmas to a mina, sixty minas to a talent. The 
 value of a talent was about £250., of an obol about lid. 
 
 iwo/ievei (jiciyeiv. "He submits to have an action against him,'' see 
 § 24. a. 
 
 atim KCLTm. "TJpside down:" Koi usually stands between them in this 
 phrase. Cf. Aristoph. Av. 3. Heind. Plat. Oorg. 493. A. The absence of the 
 copulatives throughout this sentence displays the indignation of the speaker. 
 
 KoX TTi}! fxev. "And the decision against the arbitrator which he con- 
 trived without summons, he has himself got ratified for his own benefit : 
 whereas that sentence he incurred at my suit, though summoned, with his 
 full knowledge, and defaulting, he makes null and void." Jlis conduct has 
 been as thoroughly illegal as mine has been legal ; yet Stratc has suffered the 
 consequences of his action, he has never submitted to the penalty of mine, 
 and so nuUifies it. TrapecTKci. is the orator's technical word tor false charges, 
 so in p. 19, 1. 28 ; p. 1048, 1. 18, &c. That the charge was iirpoaKK. has been 
 stated at § 24. h. 
 
 f. Tuiv IpriiJLov. Strato was the only instance, but Demosthenes implies 
 that Midias would do the same to any one else that acted similarly : thence 
 the jilural. 
 
§ 25-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 61 
 
 Kova-d i(T7i hiKTj, tj)? 76 v^pem'; fiiKpa ddvaro'; ^aiverai. 
 aXKa fMTiv co? aKrjQrj Xeyco, KoXet /iov rovrmv tov<; /idp- g. 
 Tvpat, Kol Tov Twv SLaiTTjTcou Stvoyvcodi, vo/iov. 
 
 MAPTTPE^. \NiK6<TTpaTo<} Mvppi.vovaio<;, 0avias 
 'A(j)iSva'ios oUSafiev ^tjfioadivrjv, (o fiapTvpovfiev, koX 
 MetBlav TOV Kpivofievov inrb ArjiMoadevovs, or' avrw At)- 
 fj,oadevr]s eXw^e Trjv tov KaK-rjyoplov SiKrjv, e\ofievov<; 
 SiatTTjTTjv ^Tpdrwva, xal eVet ■^Kev ij Kvpia tov vSfjbov, 
 OVK diravTrjcravTa MeiBiav iirl rrjv Sutirriv, dWd Kara- 
 XiTTOvra. yevofiivrj'i Be eprffjiov Kara, Met,Biov, hriaTafieOa h. 
 MeiBiav ireidovTa rov re ^rpdrcova tov BiatTrjTrjv Kal 
 fip.a';, 6vTa<; eKelvois toIs ')(p6voi<; dp^ovTw;, oirwi Trjv 
 Biaj/rav uvtS diroBiaiTrjcrop.ev, Kal BiBovra Bpaj(jj,as irev- 
 TTiKovra, KoL eVetS^ oir)^ inrefiebvafiev, Trpoa-a-ireiKrja-avTa 
 fjfilv Kal ouTO)? dTraWaryevTa. Kal Bia TavTrjv Tf]v ahiav 
 iTTicTTdfjueda STpdrava vtto MetBiov Kara^pa^evdevTa Kal 
 545 "Jrapd Trdvra to, BiKaia aTificoOevra.^ 
 
 Aiye Bri Kal tov t&v BiaiTrjTuiv vofiov. 
 
 NOMOS- I'Edv Be Ti,ve<; irepl avfi^oXauov ISlcov i. 
 
 g. MAPTYPES. The words and details of this deposition have already 
 occurred above, and scarcely need further comment. We may observe 
 another instance of inferior Greek in the form icaxtiydpioi/. The plural of 
 XpoKos is quite classical, Lys. 99, 40; but KUTaPpapev^evra., "unfairly sen- 
 tenced," is only found elsewhere in Hellenistic Greek. ireWoirra and SiSovra 
 are imperfects, see § 24. f. (last note). 
 
 h. iweneiva^ev. " As we would not stand it, he threatened us, and so 
 took himself off." 
 
 i. TJOMOS. "If certain parties are at issue with one another concerning 
 private bonds, and wish to select any person as their arbiter, be it lawful for 
 them to select whatsoever arbiter they please." The law here cited has no 
 bearing upon the argument: Dlpian says " the orator reads this law to shew 
 the bench that Strato's fine upon Midias was the legal fine, and that he was 
 ripht in so pronouncing judgment by default." Clearly, therefore, Ulpian 
 must have had a different law before him, and we may infer that this has 
 been wrongly substituted by some carelessness of the copyist. Others sup- 
 pose that this is only the beginning of the proper law, and that the latter 
 part, (which would refer to the case in court,) has been omitted. 
 
63 DEMOSTHSNIS MIDIAS. [§§ 25, 26. 
 
 TTpo? a\Xi]\ovs a/Kpia-^ijTMcn Kal ^ovKavTai Biai,TT]Tr)P 
 eXkaOai ovrivovv, e^earco avTOK aipeladai, ov av ^ovktov- 
 rai. iireiSav B' eXcovrai Kara KOivov, fieverwaav iv tok 
 inro TovTov BiayvaxrOeiat, /cal fi'TjKert fieTai^epercoaav dirb 
 TOVTov i<^ erepov BiKacrrijpiov Taira iyKXij/u-aTa, aW 
 karco to, Kpidevra inrb roii BiaiTTjTOV Kupia.] 
 26.a. KaXei Br) koI tov "Srpdrcova avTov tov roiavra tre- 
 irovdoTa ' iardvai yap i^ecrrat. BtjirovOev avT^. 
 
 OvTOS, & dvBp£<i 'Adrjvaioi, •Trevrj<; fiev taco^ ia-rlv, 
 
 ov TTOVTjpos Be ye. ovto<; fxevToi ttoXitt;? o)v, iffTparev- 
 
 fiivo'i aTratray xa? iv ■^XikCo, arparei,as kul Bfivov ovBev 
 
 eLpyaafievo^, earrjKe vvvl triaiTrfj, ov fiovov twv dXKwv 
 
 dyaOwv tcov kolvwv dTreareprjfJievoi;, dXXa Kav tov 
 
 \ (j>9ey^aa-6ai, fj oBvpaaOao " Kal oiiB' el Bixaia rj dBiKa 
 
 I iri'TTovdev, ovBe ravr e^ecrriv avra Trpos vfid<; ehrelv. 
 
 b. Kal ravra TreivovOev viro MeiBiov Kal tov MeiBlov 
 
 ttXovtov Kal TJj? virepTjAavlai Trapd ttjv Treviav Kal 
 
 iprjfilav Kal to twv ttoXXcov el<; eivai. Kal el /j,ev Trapa- 
 
 cireiSiv S' eXaivTai. (This IS Eeiske's excellent emendation for cTrciSiv 
 PavXwvTaL. The words S' 'iXwvTai probably became corrupted into 6eXioin-ai, 
 and this apparent barbarism was altered into /3ou\mi;xai.) "When they 
 shall have chosen their arbiter by common consent, let them abide by 
 his decision, and not transfer the same charge from his bench into any other 
 subsequent court, but let his sentence be final." 
 
 26. a. ea-rai/ai =: he may stand in court, I presume, though his dis- 
 franchisement prevents him from complaining against Midias, or in fact 
 giving evidence at all, § 27. b. 
 
 ye may fairly here be rendered by its stereotyped translation, " at any 
 rate." 
 
 fiXiKia. Here, the age for military service, viz. from 18 to 60. 
 
 6Supa(T9at. In the speech against Timocrates, p. 716, the law is quoted 
 which prohibited disfranchised persons from appealing against their sentence, 
 in the senate or the eoclesia. 
 
 b. wapa Tnv ireviav. " By reason of his poverty," § 18. a. This use of 
 •wapi = our colloquial expression "all along of." 
 
 TO Twv ToWuii: "And his being one of the lower classes;'' i.e. the 
 insignificance of his position made him an easy victim. 
 
 Kal el ixev. Had he accepted the bribe, and reversed the decision, Midiaa 
 would not have persecuted him, but left him in possession of his station and 
 civic privileges. 
 
§ 26.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 63 
 
 /3as Toil? vofiov; eXa^e ras irevTrjKOVTa Spa'Xj^a'i Trap' 
 avTov, Kol rr/v SIktjp fjv KareZiyTrjaev aTroSeSirjTrj/ievTjv 
 aire^vev, eTrlTi,/j,o<; av rjv icaX oiSev e%toi' kukov tS)v 
 icrcov /Merei.'xe Tots aWot9 ■^/uv • eVeiS^ Se irapelhe 7rpo<i c. 
 546 Ta SiKaia MeiSiav, Kal roiis v6fiov<; fj^aXXov eSettre t&v 
 aireCKS)v rmv rovrov, T7jvucg,VTa TrfKiKavTy koI roiavTrj 
 crvfi(j)opa irepiireinuiKev inrb tovtov. eW v/jlcIs tov d. 
 ovTws cofiov, TOV ovrwi ayvmfiova, rbv Trj\iKavTa<i Si'/ca? 
 Ka/i^dvovra mv aiiToi ■^SiKrjadai, <fyr]aX fiovov {pv jap 
 ijSiKTjTO ye), TOVTOV v^pL^ovTa \a^6vTe<; el? Tiva tSjv 
 TToXiTmv a^rja-ere, Koi firjO' eopTr]<; firjTe lepav firjTe 
 vofiov fJbrjT' aXKov p/qhevo<i irpovoiav iroLovfievov ov xa- 
 Ta-\jr7]^ieia0e ; ov 'irapdSeiyfia iroirjo-eTe ; Kal tL tpTjaeTe, e. 
 ft) dvSpes SiKaa-Tui ; koI Tiva, a> Trpbi twv 6emv, e^eT" 
 eiireiv irpotfjacriv Bixaiav rj KaXrjv ; on vi] Aia aaeKry-^s 
 etTTi Kal 0BeXvp6^ ; TavTa yap iaTi TaKr]6rj ' aXXa fii- 
 creiv o^eiXeT', & dvBpe<; ^ Adujvaloi, hrjirov tov<; toiovtov; 
 fiaXXov ^ aco^eiv. aXX' oti TrXoucrto? iaTiv ; aXXa 
 TovTO ye T^s i^peas avTOV crj^eSov atnov evpijaeTe ov, 
 (0(7t' acfteXelv rrjv d^opfirjv, Bi' rjv v^pL^ei, irpoariKei 
 fiaXXov rj aobaai Bid tovttjv to yap y^pnjfiaTcov ttoXXmv 
 
 c. irapeTSe. " Disregarded Midias in comparison with equity,"= thought 
 less of Midias than of his own judicial responsibility. 
 
 d. Xaii^avoirra wv. " This creature, so brutal, so unfeeling, who inflicts 
 Buoh retribution for the injuries hB only saps he has received (for injured he 
 was not), this monster, I say, will you suffer to escape, when you have con- 
 victed him of wanton outrage on one of the citizens ?" oii ydp ^Sixiiro ye is 
 quite parenthetical, to explain <^q<rl fiovov. 
 
 e. pfi Ala has again the adversative sense mentioned above § 12. a. 
 
 a\4Sou oLTLov. " Well nigh the cause :" the venality of an Athenian law 
 court made misdemeanours a luxury of the wealthy. Aristoph. Vesp. 
 552. sq. 
 
 i<t>opii^v. "The material instrument." -xpifiaTuiii depends on xipiov 
 = to allow an abandoned character to have money at his disposal 
 
64 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 26, 1"] . 
 
 Bpaavv koI ^BeXvpov kol toiovtov avdpanrov idv eivai 
 
 27. a. Kvpiov a<popp,'>]V iariv e^' v/j,a<} avioxx; SeScoKevav. ri 
 
 ovv viroXoiTTOV ; iXerj^ai, vrj Aia' -jraihia yap irapacnri- 
 
 aerai koX Kkarjaei, Koi tovtoi<s avTOV i^atTTjaerac • tovto 
 
 Xot.TTOv. aW' 'l(7Te Brj-jrov oTt, Toiis aSiKois rt •7rd(T')(0VTas, 
 
 o fir] Bvv^aovTai ^epeov, eXeelv TrpocrrjKei, ov tov<; iiv 
 
 ■J). "rreTTotrjKacyi, Beivav BiKrjv BiBovTa<;. Kal Ti? av ravr' 
 
 iXerjO'ELe St/catci)?, 6pS)V to, TOvBe ovk eKerjdevra vtto tovtov, 
 
 a rij Tov irarpo'i avji^opa xwpi'i tu>v dXXcov kukwv oiiB' 
 
 iiTiKovpiav ivovaav opa. ov yap eariv 6(^\r)fia b ru 
 
 'X^prj KaradivTU eirlTifiov yeveadai rovTovl, aXX' CLTrXS)^ 
 
 ovTQ)<i ■^TifKorai Trj pvarj t^? opyr)^ Kal ttj'; 'v^pecos Trjs 
 
 c. MeiBiov. Ti9 GUI' vppL^wv Travaerai Kul Bi' a ravra 547 
 
 iroiel j^rjfiaTa ai^aipeOrjcreTai, el tovtov &<TTrep Beuva 
 
 TOIOVTOV, i. e. a miscreant like Midias. 
 
 27. a. KKainaei. See note on § 22. b. Cf. also Cic. JSrutus, 23, 3, Suos 
 pueros flens commendabat— isque se turn eripuit flammS,, propter pueros 
 misericordi^ populi commote. Also, Cic. Orator. 38, 131. The phrase auTdv 
 il^aiTeiaSai is very parallel to Se eripere. 
 
 o ^^i| SvvricTovrai. The relative os followed by /uij diflfers from Ss followed 
 by oil, much as qui {= talis ut) with the subjunctive differs from qui with 
 the indicative. The use of pii implies a comprehensive class, the use of ou 
 one or more particular instances. Here, for example, '6 fxfi Im. (fiep. = any 
 and every of that class of injuries which they are unable to bear : whereas 
 8 ou K. T. X. = that particular injury which is unendurable. See also Madvig, 
 §203. 
 
 b. thOto. sc. tA waiSia MeiSiov as tA tovSc refers to Strato's children. 
 " Who could fairly pity Midias' children when they perceive that Strato's 
 have received no pity from Midias ; whereas the children of Strato see that 
 their father's misfortune, besides other evils, admits of no remedy ? For 
 there is no penalty on payment of which Strato could be restored to his 
 franchise." There were three grades of aniiia, one for more serious crimes, 
 which was perpetual and hereditary ; one for neglect of duties, which was 
 removed on the duties being properly fulfilled ; and a third, which was only 
 partial as regarded the deprivation of civic rights. Strato was condemned 
 for partiality as a judge, and therefore fell under the first of these three 
 penalties : had h« only been a debtor to the treasury, he might have become 
 €7riTiuo! again by discharging the debt, as his iTi/ila would have belonged to 
 the second class. 
 
 puari. "Whirlwind:" lit. the rush and impetus; cf. the expression 
 wrepOyav pufiii. Ar, Pax. 86. 
 
 c. el TouTov. In some editions p-hu follows tovtov, and from t/s ovv to 
 avvopyiadriTe is one sentence, the note of interrogation at iXeriaeTe being 
 
§ %"].] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 65 
 
 iraaypma eKerjaeTe; el Be rt? irevrjs fujBev '^BucrjKW'} rat? 
 e<T')(a.Tais avfi^opa'i'; a^iic(09 virb rovrov irepiir^njmKe, 
 rovT(p 8' ovBe a-vvopyia-dija-ecrde ; /jLr} Bafi& <; • ovBels yap- 
 icTTi, BiKaioii Tvyy(aveiv ekeov tmv fi/qBeva ekeovvrwv ovSe 
 avryyim/j.r}<i t&v a,(7vyyvap,6va)v. eya yap oifiai irdvras 
 avdpa)7rov<; (pipetv a^iovv T rap' avTOUL eh rov ^lov avTo 2<i 
 epavop '"Trapa iravff oaa irpaTTOvaiv, olov eyd) Tt<s ovTocrl 
 fierpios irpos airavrd'i elfit, eKe^qfjutov, eS iroiav ttoXKovs 
 airaat irpocr'^Kei, tw ToiovTto ravTci, elcr(f>epei,v, edv irov Kaiposj 
 rj %/oeta irapacnfi. erepo'; ovt6<s rt? ^lato'i, ovBeva ovr' e^ 
 ekemv ov0' oXax; avOpanrov rjyovjjbevo's ' Tovr(p to,^ ofioia^ 
 (popas •Trap' iicdcrTOV BiKaiov virdp'^eiv. aii B^ •7r\7]pcoT-^<; 
 
 omitted ; but althougli this would not require jiiijSe tg_be read before-^ 
 avvopyia., yet the natural answer wouldbe ooSeSJlnsteaH oF/itjiojuiis. The 
 reading of Buttmann's text Is probably the correct one : " Who then will 
 desist from wanton outrage ? who will be mulcted of the money by means of 
 which he perpetrates this conduct, if you shew pity to Midias ? But when a 
 poor man has fallen, by Midias' villany, into the greatest misfortunes, will 
 you then refuse to share his indignation at his persecutor ?" ' The particle 
 Se is sometimes used in Attic prose with a certain emphasis (akin to Sh) in an 
 apodosis; but only where the apodosis, after a conjunction or relative adverb 
 of comparison (ms, So-Trep), is made to stand out with special emphasis, by a 
 demonstrative word or personal pronoun denoting an opposition to some 
 other term.' Madvig, § 188, E. 6. Cf. Xeu. Hell. 4, 1, 33. el odv kyih fifi 
 yiyvuiaKW -ri SiKaia, u/ieis Se SiS&^aTe fie. Soph. (Ed. S. 1267, and else- 
 where. The protasis, therefore, in this sentence, extends from el Se tk xei/jje 
 down to TrepiireiTTuiKe, where the apodosis begins. 
 
 d. tpepew k^iovv. The latter word is objected to by Eeiske because it 
 does not occur in the twin passage, § 50. b. If retained, dgiom has its ordi- 
 nary sense, "think right to contribute:" "make a point of contributing." 
 avrSsv and auToIs are reciprocal rather than reflexive. The 'ipavoi, at Athens 
 somewhat resembled our benefit clubs : citizens subscribing to an epaws for 
 general relief {irXripovvre^ e'pavov) could draw from it in their own time of 
 need (crvWeyeai epavou') : the orator intimates that human life is on the same 
 principle, if we contribute benefits to society we may expect benefits in 
 return; if injuries, injuries. Cf. Dem. ach. Aristog. 776. The passage may , 
 be thus rendered: "For I think that all men, in everything which 
 they do, are resolved to contribute mutually a benefit subscription for 
 their several lives, /Wt. that subscription only which they draw (under 
 adversity) and of wnicBT'there are certain contributors, but another also/ 
 
 Far exemple^efetHai, ah individual.fair to everybo(^ to such a person 
 
 all men should pay the same (kindness and equity). Here is another man, 
 outrageous and brutal, pitying not a soul, and actually recognizing no one as 
 
 a human being: he should be endowed with the same allowance (as he 
 makes). Tou, Midias, as you have contributed this subscription (of bru- 
 taUty) deserve to draw the like repayment." 
 
66 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§27,28. 
 
 rowvTOv 76'yoj/&)? epavov aeavTO) tovtov St«ato? ei cri/X- 
 
 28. a. 'Hyov/iai fiev tolvvv, m avhpe<i ' AOrjvatoi, km, el 
 fj,r]Bev eV dWo et^ov Karriyopelv MeiSlov, firjSe BeivoTepa 
 ^v a /jLeWo) Xeyeiv Siv e'iprjKa, SiKalas av v/j,a<; 6« twv 
 elprjfjLevicu Koi KaTa-\jrr]<j)laaa-dai koX ti^ov aiiTW raiv 
 ^ eayajtov- ov ^t^ ivravd' earrjKe to Trpayfia, ov8' airo- 
 prjcrevv fiot Sokco tSiv fiera raOra ' TocravT-qv a<^dovi,av 
 b. ovTos ireTToirjKe Karrjyopioiv. on fxev Brj XnroTa^iou^ 
 <Ypa(f>rjv KaTecTKevaae Kar' ifiov Kol tov tovto iroirjcrovra 
 i/jLi.a'OaxraTO, tov fiiapov kuI Xiav ei')(e£rj, tov kovloqtov 
 EvKTTj/iova, idato. kcu yap ovt' aveKpivaTO TavTrjv o 
 crvKo^dvTT]^ eiceivo';, ov6' ovto^ ovBevb'; eveKa avTov ifiicr- 548 
 Baxraro irXrjv tV eKKeovTO irpo tmv eTrtovvficov ical Trai/re? 
 opmev "EvKTrjfioDV Aovaievs iypdilraTO A7]/j,oadivT}V Uaia- 
 viea XiTTora^iov "" Kal fioi BoKei Kciv Trpoaypdyjraadai 
 TovO' ^Sews, el TTftj? evrjv, OTb MeiSlov /Ma6eoaafievov 
 
 28. a. 6<rT))Ke to irpSyiia. " The case is not yet finished," a very slight 
 extension on the general meaning of ea-TniKc, "stands," or "has come to a 
 stop." 
 
 iij)6oiiiav. " Such an affluence" of things to accuse him of. 
 
 b. XiTTOTa^iov. "Desertion," failing to appear among the troops after 
 they had been enrolled for a campaign. A charge for such ofiences would be 
 exhibited as a public document in front of the Eponymi, ten statues in the 
 Agora of the heroes that gave their names to the Attic tribes. The docu- 
 ment would be worded as below: first the accuser's name, then iypa\j/a'ro, 
 next the name of the offender, lastly the offence. 
 
 KoviooTov = qui gaudet sordibus et squalore : " scum of the earth." The 
 line of Anaxandridas is well known : 
 
 'K.atpei Tis aii-)Qjiojv ^ pvirwv * KovtopTos ivairetftrive, 
 
 ivcKptvaTo. "Presented himself for examination." 'Aviupms is thus 
 explained by Ulpian: "Any one making an impeachment is examined 
 {ivaKpiveTOL) before the Archons' court, as to whether he will prosecute the 
 case, whether he has witnesses, whether he requires to cit« any." 
 
 o!)&ev6i 'iveKa. Midias could have no motive for this unfounded charge 
 but the pleasure of annoying Demosthenes by its publicity, and he would 
 have liked to attach his own name as instigator of Euctemon, just to shew 
 society how he could aggravate his enemies. 
 
§ 29-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 67 
 
 '^er'/pamrai. aXX e& tovto • i<f} y yap e/cetz/o? rjTifiaKev 29. a. ■*. 
 avTov ovK hre^eXOwy, ovSefiiiaf eymy en irpoaSeo/nat 
 BUrji, aXK' 'iKavrjv e%a). dXV o koX Seivbv, a> avBpes 
 'AOrjvaZoi, Kol u'x^iTXiov Kal koivov efioor/ da-i^rjfjba, ov/c 
 ctBlicrifj,a jMovov TovTw •jreirpci'xdai, SoKei, tovt' ipS). too 
 yap a6Xi,a> koI TaXaiTrcopip KaKrj's Kal ^aXcTT^? (TVfi^da-r}^ 
 alria'i ' Apiardp^a t£ M6a-'x,ov, to /lev irpSsTov, Si avSpe? 
 'Adrjvacoi, KaTo, Trjv dyopav •jrepumv da-e/3eis Kal Betvow 
 Tmjov^ SToKfia irepl i/xov Xer/eiv, w? eyia to Trpamt! ei/u 
 TOVTO SeS/jjtKO)? • tt)s B' oiiSev rjme tovtok, irpoaekOmv b. 
 Tols eir' metvov ayoxxri Tryv aiTiav tov (fiovov, tois tov 
 TeTeXevTrjKOTOs oiKelois, 'xp^fiad' VTrta-'x^veiTO Bmcreiv el tov 
 TrpdyfiaToi; alTcmvTO ifie, Kal ovre deoiis ov9' ocriav ovt 
 aXko ovBev eTroirjaaT' ifm^wv toiovtoi Xoya, ovB' caKvr]- 
 aev. dXfC ovBe 7rpo9 ou? eXeyev avTov<s rjayvvdrj, el c. 
 ToiovTO KaKov Koi TrjXtKovTov dBiKws eirdyei Tto, dXX' 
 eva o^v de/ievo<; iravTi Tpoirtp fie dveXelv, ovBev iXXemeov 
 mero Beiv, ms Beov, el' rts v^piaOel? viro tovtov Bik'T}';! 
 
 29. a. fiTi/jLoiKcv. Whoever dropped an accusation once made, or failed to I 
 obtain one-fifth of the votes in court, was liable to the third degree of ( ^ 
 in-iiia, and could no longer appear as accuser in a similar case. See the I 
 speech adv. Aristog. p. 803. As Euctemon had met this fate, Demosthenes 
 says he is satisfied and requires no further vengeance. 
 
 'Amarifixov. Nioodemus, a most intimate friend of Bubulus, was 
 found murdered. Aristarchus was charged with the deed, and as Eubulus 
 was a political enemy of Demosthenes, the latter (according to Midias) was 
 likely to have instigated Aristarchus to the atrocity. (TJlpian.) 
 
 b. kiiiroSitv. "Allowed nothing to stand in his way." 'K.en. Oi/rop. lY. 
 2, § 46. oK^ov Sk oXov iretptSifjLevoi drjpav, ei efiTodcov tl woLijcraifieda yeveaGai 
 flfitv oijK dv TrpeirovTa rjuXv doKoirjfiev iroieiv, 
 
 oiS' aiKuniTev. " No ! he did not even hesitate :" this is not to be taken in 
 conjunction with ewoivaaT', but as a complete and separate sentence. 
 
 el, after verbs of feeling, is often used where we might expect Stj. See 
 Madvig, § 194. c. "Not even the presence of those he was addressing made 
 him feel ashamed of bringing such an evil on a person," i. e. as he was trying 
 to bring on me, in the shape of this charge of murder. 
 
 0. ieiv is very undesirable, as Seov so immediately follows: if Setv be 
 omitted, Sbto has the force of iil^iov, " he resolved," as § 21. b. 'ipov is exactly 
 the Latm'jfeis, " end in view." 
 
 lis Uov. "As though, in the event of any victim of his outrage thinking 
 
68 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 2g, 30. 
 
 |?r la^tOL TV^elv km firj cnanra, tovtov i^opiffTOf ayrjprjcrdat 
 — Kol /Mr)Bafi.rj irapedfjvai, aXXa Koi Xnrora^iov <ypa(j}fjv 549 
 
 rfkwjcevai Kai, e<^ alfiaTi, (pevjeiv kol fiovov ov TrpooT]- 
 
 30.a. Xwadai. Kairoi ravff orav i^eXeyxOy woi&v tt/so? 0T9 < 
 
 {//SjOtfe fie y^^opijyovvra, Tivo'i o-i'77z/£o/i77s 7) tIvos eXeov 
 
 b. SiKaims Tev^erai irap' vfiwv ; eyo) fikv <yap avrov, Si 
 
 avBpev 'AOrjvaioi, voiiL^ai avTO'^eipd fiov 'yeyevrjcrOai tov- 
 
 TOi<; TOW ep7o/,9, Kal tots fiev toIs Aiovvaioi<; rrjv nrapa- 
 
 i<TKevrjv Kal TO atofia Kal ravaXoofiad' v^pi^eiv, vvv Se 
 
 WovTOK ols iiroiei Kal BieTrpaTTero melvd re Kal to, Xovrrd 
 
 I Travra, rrjv iroXiv, ro jevos, rrjv eTrirtfjuiav, Ta? iXTriSa<s • 
 
 fit to obtain satisfection and refusing to hold his peace, it were essential for 
 that person to be taken beyond the confines and killed, and not let into the 
 country again, but both to be convicted on an impeachment of desertion, 
 and to be prosecuted for murder, and all but crucified." ' The accus. abso- 
 lute (Biov) is also used of impersonal expressions after tls, fficnrep. "as 
 though.'" Madvig, § 182. k'^opuiTov, according to Suidas, is only a synonyme 
 for fuyaSa, and so Hesychius explains e^opiX^eiv^ "to banish:" cf. Soph. 
 O. C. 600. We find the Aorist Infin. wapsirivai inserted among a string of 
 Perfects : the latter imply a complete action with lasting results, the former 
 has its usual force of single, transient action, and the change is due to the 
 word liridauTJ preceding: cpeuyem as a Present Infin. imphes continuous 
 sufiering under an accusation never brought to a conclusion, alfia, in the 
 sense of " bloodshed" is common in poetry, as ^sch. O/w. 520. Soph. (Ed. Tyr. 
 101. It is thought by some (but not on sufficient authority) that i^eiyeiv 
 ect>' a'i/inTi means " to avoid a charge of murder by going into exile," and 
 they compare al|iia cpeiyeiv, Burip. Supp. 148 ; but probably 0eu. kip. ul. is 
 only a synonyme for ^euyetir <p6vou. Cf. cpevyetv eiri /jujuvcret tlvo^j A.ndoc. 3, 
 33. As regards the punishment of crucifixion at Athens, see Aristoph. Thesm. 
 931, 940, 1001, sq., where Mnesilochus is affixed to a aauU by ropes and nails. 
 
 30. b. aljToxeipa. "Assassin," § 17. c. epyois is a dative of the instru- 
 ment: such a dative implies the nearer and more immediate cause than 
 would be indicated by a genitive with Sii.. 
 
 vm Se TovTois ols. Eeiske needlessly objects to this trajection for 
 TouTois Si oU vvv--^ the reason that mu stands first is the weight of its 
 meaning, and this order of words adds to the vigour of the sentence 
 considerably. • 
 
 eKeini T6 Kai. "Not only that (=my property and person), but also aU 
 else that I had." Schaefer gives to -re koL their archaic sense of comparison, : 
 " as he had injured my property and person, so, &c. 
 
 TTiv nroXw. Jus oivitatis. " My rights as a citizen." These accusatives 
 are all governed by i^pi^ew, or rather by some such word as ivatpeXv or 
 SiTroaTepelii, implied in the sense of v§plX,eiv. 
 
 Tos e\-7rii5os. " My prospects." The whole of the preceding sentence is 
 
§§ 3°> 3^-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 69 
 
 €1 yap Iv (OP eire^ovXeva-e Karcopdcoaev, diravrfov av 
 dvea-TepijfiTjv eyo) koI fiij^e Ta<f>flvai irpocrvirfip^ev oUoi 
 fioi. Sid tC, dvSpe<; BtKacrrai ; el yap, idv Tis Trapd c. 
 TTaira? Toi)^ vofjLovs v^ptcr6e\<; virb MeiSiov ^orjOelv avroo 
 TTeipdrac, ravra koI roiavd' erep avrm iraOelv virdp^ei, 
 TrpoffKvvetv roiis v0pi^ovTas wairep iv rot? jSap^dpois, 
 ovK dfivve(x6ai KpaTiarov ecrrat. dXkd pirjv to? dXrjOri 31. a. 
 "ker/co Koi irpoae^eipyaaTai Tavra rm ^SeXvpa rovrip koI 
 dvaiSei, Kokec fiot, koi tovtwv rovs fidprvpa'i. 
 
 MAPTTPES. [_Atovvaio<i 'A^thvaios, ' AvTi<j>i,\o<i 
 Uaiavievs hia<pdapevTo<; NvKoSrjfiov rov olxeiov tum&v 
 fiiaio) davdrm vtto 'Apia-rdp'xpv tov M6a-)(^ov eTre^fj^ev 
 Tov 4>6vov TOV 'Apiarap'xpv. ala-dofievo^ Se ravTa MeiSia^ 
 6 vvv Kptv6fj,6vo<: VTTO jdrjfioo'Bevovs, S fiaprvpovfiev, eirei- 
 6ev rjiidf BtSoi/s Kepfiara tov fiev ^ ApiaTap^ov dd&ov 
 
 loosely expressed. First of all the word vo/iij'" refers only to the last clause 
 from vvv Se to cXtt Was ; for the preceding clause to'tc to i^pi^eiv contains a 
 matter ol fact and not of opinion. We have had a similar sentence at § 7. a., 
 and fiiv and Si here must be interpreted in a like manner, "whereas at the 
 Dionysia [he outraged my property] now indeed [he ruins me utterly]." 
 Next we have the trajection already spoken of, then te Kai in the sense of 
 comparison, lastly the necessity of supplying a verb from the signification of 
 
 KaTa>pBm(rev is best taken active, with & for its object. 
 
 irpo(7wjjp-)jieu. "I should have had the additional calamity of not even 
 being buried in my native land," i. e. I should have died in exile. 
 
 o. _Sii Tt; the answer is not expressed, but may be inferred from the 
 
 following sentence, as thus : on tpevym irpotrKweiv TOV oi/Tois &ae\yui^ 
 if^pt^ovTa. 
 
 ei yip. If in case of a victim seeking redress he is subjected to further 
 outrage, it were better for him to grovel at his persecutor's feet. 
 
 31. a. eve^ypev tov. The verb 67ref le'i/ai rarely governs an accusative of 
 the person in prose. We find it once in this use in Antipho, p. 112, 35. 
 Jiiuripides {AnArom. 735) has T-nvS' cTre'^eKdeiv 0i\u. 
 
 Kepfiara. " Small change :'' why this is used in preference to yp-npaTa it 
 is impossible to say, unless the indignation of the witnesses is to be inferred. 
 The word is common enough in comedy, cf. Aristoph. Elut. 879. Av. 1108, 
 and there seems no reason to suspect that the reading here is corrupt. 
 
70 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 31. 
 
 a<f)eLvai, Arj/iocrdivei, Se rrjv ypacftrjv tov (fiovov irapar/pd- 
 yfracj-Oai.] 
 
 "■ Aa^e Sij fioi, TOV wepl twv Bcopccv vofiov. 550 
 
 'Ev ocra Be tov vofMov, & dvBpe<; 'AdrivaZot, Xafi^dvei, 
 ^ovXofiai iMiKpa irpos v/j,a<i ehrelv, BerjOelt vfiwv diravTcov 
 TTpos Aio'i Koi 6ea)v, & avBpe<i BbKacrrai' irepl ttclvtcov 
 tav av aK0V7]Te, tovO' VTroOeme'; aKoveTe Ty ryvcofij], tC 
 av, el Tt? eiraa^e TavO' v/jL&v, eiroiei, kclL tw av et^^ev 
 
 C. opiyrjv vwep avTOV irpos tov iroiovvTa. iyd) yap evr)VO')(a)s 
 •XaXeTT&s i(j)' ot? Trepl ttjv XeiTOvpylav v^picrdrjv, eTl 
 TToWa ■^aXeircoTepov, (o dvBpe<i ^ AOr^valoi, tovtok Tot? fieTa 
 
 a. Tama ev^vo-^a km, jiaXkov rjyavaKTrjKa. tI <ydp a)? 
 aXri65)<i irepa'i av ^ijcreie rt? eivai Kaxlas Kal tIv' virep- 
 fidXrjv dvaiBela'i Kal wfioTTjTov Kal v/Speco';, dvOpcoiros el 
 TTOtJ^tra? Beivd vr) Ala Kal TroWd dBlKca Tivd, dvTt tov 
 TavT dvaXafi^dveiv Kal fieTayiyvwaKeiv, ttoXXoS BeivoTepa 
 
 irapaypaxfratrBaL. " Fraudulently to direct against Demosthenes :'' falso, 
 temere, perjide aliquid fieri iudioat wapi. Of. ■!rapawf>e(T§eveiv (Reiske). 
 Kennedy, however, translates, " to have a charge inserted in the indictment." 
 Tjji/ ypa<bl)v, i. e. the impeachment already made against Aristarchus : hence 
 the article Tnv. 
 
 b. Suipoiv. Always used by Demosthenes in a bad sense, (for "bribe,") 
 as Smpei is in a good. § 45. a. 46. b. 0. f. 
 
 XapjlaveL. "While the clerk is getting the law the orator introduces a few 
 points, which he pretends have only just occurred to him. 
 
 Sev^eii. " And, (I implore you all,) listen to whatever details you hear 
 with this reflexion in your mind ; what would any one of you have done had 
 he suffered such treatment, and what resentment would he have felt on his 
 own account against the perpetrator ?" We should rather expect imvetv 
 depending on SerideU, but there is no objection to take Seo/xai vuwv as paren- 
 thetic, at any time, and Serjfleis may be constructed the same way here. 
 irTToee'i/Tes = As a substratum to their judgment, they are to enter into 
 Demosthenes' personal feelings as far as possible. 
 
 c. TouTois ivrivoxa. We should rather expect eiri again before toutois ; 
 but it is easy to make the eirl before ols do double duty. 
 
 d. iirepPoKriv. If Midias' outraae is only ordinary outrage, what would 
 extraordinary outrage be ? how could any one go further ? " What could 
 any one describe as extravagance in shamelessness" beyond this, that a man 
 begin with bad and go on to worse ? 
 
 ivaXa/jLJ}. " To atone for and repent :" we should rather invert the order 
 of these two words in our idiom. Por this sense of ivaXan^aveiv, cf. Soph. 
 Fhil. 1249. Eurip. Ion. 426. 
 
§ 3l0 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, 71 
 
 iiarepov aXKa 'rrpoae^epryd^oi.ro, Kol •)(pS)TO tw TrKovTeiv 
 fit] eirl Tuvra iv 61s firjBeva ^dirrwv avTos afieivov ti 
 tS>v IMtov 0r](TeTai, dXX' iirl rdvavTia iv ols dhiKws 
 SK^akcav Tiva Kal irpoirrfkaKiaa's avrov evSaifioviel rrjs 
 ireptovalas ; TUvra, toLvw, & dvSpe<; 'A6r]vaioi, irdvra e. 
 rovT^ ireirpaKTai kot efiov. Kal <)ap alrlav eTTi^rycuyi 
 fioi <f>ovov -^evSrj koI ovSev i/iol irpocrrjKovaav, &>? to 
 •7rpdy/j,a avrb eSjyXwo-e, Kal 'Ypa<p^v Xiirora^iov fie f. 
 iypdylraro rpeis auTo? ra^et? XeXotTro)?, Kal t&v iv Ev^oia\ y 
 irpap/fidrmv [tovtI y dp a5 fiiKpov irafyriKde fie eli rely), 
 a UXovTap'Xp^ 6 tovtov fei/os Kal <^t\o? hieirpd^aro, <b? 
 670) a'lTbos el fit,, KareaKeva^e irpb tov to irpd^fia 'yevecrOaci 
 irdcri, <j)avepov Bid nXovrdp'Xpv <yejov6s. Kal reXevroov g. 
 551 povXeveiv fiov Xa')(pvTos BoKifwXofievov Karrfyopei, Kal to 
 irpdyfia et? virepSeivov fiou T repiecnr] ' dvTl yap tov >A 
 
 X/iMTo K. T. \. Though the construction here is simple, it is difficult to 
 translsite it adequately. " And should employ his wealth not for that course 
 of action whereby he will injure no one and promote to some extent his own 
 private interests, but for that contrary course [of outrage] whereby he will 
 degrade and insult his neighbour, and then congratulate himself on the 
 affluence [that enabled him to do so]." 
 
 hK^aXwu. Cf. § 24. h. (last note). 
 
 e. oiSkv. "With which I had nothing to do as the circumstance itself 
 proved." 
 
 f. Tpets. " Though thrice a deserter himself." 
 
 TMj/ kv Bvpoia. "And that matter in Euboea (for this again I had all but 
 forgotten to mention) which Plutarehus his guest-friend and intimate con- 
 trived, he tried to prove that I was to blame for, previous to its becoming plain 
 to everybody that the thing was Plutarehus' doing [and not mine]." Plutar- 
 ehus was tyrant of Bretria, and implored assistance from Athens against Philip. 
 Demosthenes alone objected to a force being sent to the succour ; and, as he 
 was out- voted, a detachment of Athenians crossed to Euboea under Phocion 
 and Hegesilaus. The Euboeans, however, as much afraid of Athens as they 
 were of Philip, declined to co-operate with the Athenian force. See the 
 speech De Pace, p. 58. The date was about B.C. 353, according to Bookh's 
 calculation. 
 
 /3o«X.eu6ii/. The five hundred members of the BouX^ were appointed by 
 lot. Those whose names were drawn had first to be examined (fo/cmajeo-eai) 
 as to their age, parentage, and previous life, before entering on their duties 
 as senators. 
 
 g. TTEpit'o-Tti. " Came round to a terrible crisis." The gale he had been 
 
72 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 3I, 32. 
 
 SIktjv VTrep av eTreTrovdeiv Xa^eiv, Sovvai TrpayfidToov cav 
 ovhev ifiol irpoarjKe BUrjv eKivBvvevov. kol ravra Trda^ayv 
 iyco, KoX TovTov Tov TpoTTOv OP hie^kp^yofiai vvvl Trpo^ 
 v/ia? iXavvofj.evo'i, ovk wv ovre tcov iprjfioTaTcov oine 
 Twv a-jTopoov Kofiihfj, OVK e^ftJj (o avSpe<i 'Adrjvaloi, b tl 
 b. %/3^ irobrjcrai. el yap ehrelv to Kai irepi tovtcov i^Sr) 
 Set, oil fiireaTi, tcov tawv ovhe twv Ofioicov, & avSpe<; 
 'A67]valoi, irpos tovs ifKovcnovi tow Xonrols tjimwv, ov 
 fiereaTbv, ov ' dWa Kol ■^povot xovTOt? tov Tr]v Slktjv 
 VTTOcr'xeiv, ov<; av avTol ^ovXwvTai, BiBoVTUi, ical rdBiKi]- 
 juLUTa eaXa to, tovtcov cos vfid<; Kal ■y^vx^pd dcj)iKvelTai, 
 TCOV B' dWcov rjficov eicaaTO^, dv ti crvp.^y, trpocr^ciTos 
 KpiveTM. Kal fidpTvpe^ eiaiv eToijioi tovtok kui crvvrj- 
 yopoi, wdvTe^ kuQ^ fjiJLCov euTpeTrel^ ' i/jLol Be ovBe TdXrjdrj 
 32.a. fxapTvpelv edeKovra'; opaT ivlov<;. TavTa fiev ovv dTreLirot 
 
 blowing against Midias chopped round and blew against Mmself. That is 
 the idea implied in wepUaT-r], though my illustration has no reference to the 
 meaning ol irepdaTti/jn.. The usage in this sense is very common, e.g. Thucyd. 
 IV. 12, VI. 24, &c. 
 
 e\avv6iJL£voi. " Persecuted," the idea being of a hunted animal ; pecuUarly 
 applicable to Orestes in Jllsch. lEumen. 75. 
 
 oliK liiv. "Though I am not a person most destitute of assistance or 
 absolutely helpless," lit. = I do not belong to that class of people : he was 
 not by any means without friends or money, but still under such peculiar 
 circumstances he could not realize what to do. 
 
 h. TMi/ woXKCiv. " The lower classes of us have not equal, or even similar 
 rights in comparison with the wealthy." He approaches so invidious a topic 
 reluctantly, but from a sense of necessity. Therefore el SeX is his preface, 
 
 XpovoL. " They have as much time as they please allowed them for sub- 
 mitting to justice." -xpoms, in the sense of " delay," § 24. c. The phrase 
 iiViji/ uirex^'" is equivalent to eicTiiiciv Ti/impiav, Soph. 0. T. 552. Cf. Thucyd. 
 VI. 80, 5. He means that the wealthy men interpose various delays to the 
 progress of any charge against them, so that when the matter comes on for 
 trial the facts are forgotten by the jury, and the natural indignation has 
 cooled, from the interval of time since the offence was committed. 
 
 'iiaXa.. "Stale," lit. 'a day old;' like hesternus: ems, "morning," 
 is suggested as a derivation. 
 
 ■Trpoo-^aTos (^eVoj), lit. 'freshly slaughtered.' Another metaphor from the' 
 larder. 
 
§ 32-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, 73 
 
 Tt? av, dt/iai, 6prjvS)V. top Sk vo/mov fioi Xey e^ef^js, 
 (ixrirep Tjp^dfj/qv "Ker/wv. 
 
 NOMOS. I'Edv Tis 'AdijvaLOJv Xa/j.^dvr] nrapd tlvo<;, 
 rj avTO<! SiSm eripip, fj Sia(j)deipr} Tivaf eTrayyef^o/ievos, 
 67rl ^dfirj Tov S'^fiov Kal IBCa rivos ra>v iroKirSiV, 
 rpoirtp fj fJ-rj'x^avfj ynviovv, ari/jLos ea-Tco Kal TratSe? Kal 
 TO. e'/cetVou.] 
 
 Ovrco Tolvvv ovt6<; icmv aere/Sijs Kal fiiapo'i Kal irav h, 
 av viToa-Ta^ ehrrelv Kal irpa^ai, el B' aXr]de<; rj i^euSo? rj 
 7rpo9 i'xdpov rj (f)lXov rj to, Toiavra, d\X' ouS" oriovv 
 552 oiopj^mv, &(tt' eTraniaa'd/ievos fie (f)6vov Kal toiovto 
 irpa/ffia eTrar/ajmv etaa-e jiiv fie elairripia, inrep t^? 
 ^ovXrj<} tepovoirjaat Kal Ovaai Kal KQ,Tdp^aa6ai tcov 
 lepSiv inrep {ifiav Kal 0X179 rij? 7r6\e(o<s, e'laffe S]_ dp^i- 
 0ea>povpTa dr/ceyetv 7w ^tl rm Nefiei^ Trjp koivtjv vtrep 
 
 32. a. iiTeiiroi. " This state of affairs, therefore, a man might bewail till 
 he was tired," i. e. lamentation over the yeuality of law courts is useless, ani 
 I may as well proceed with my case. This seems better than the other 
 view: "A man might deprecate with tears." The old reading, «7ro^, gave 
 a very weak sentiment. 
 
 ^p^ifiriv. "As I began saying." He interrupted his oration at § 31. b. j 
 others place the «top at ^pgd/iiji/., and continue with Aeyf, " reg^d," addressed 
 to the clerk of the court. 
 
 irayyeWo/teiios. Here, simply, " by promises of bribes." 
 
 t4 cKehov. The property of a disfranchised man would be confiscated to 
 the state. 
 
 av uTToo-Tde. " One who would be capable of saying anything," like 
 ToX/irfo-as, T^ds, K. T. \, Latin, qui sustineret. 
 
 h before tA towutk is liable to much suspicion, as Pemostheues generally 
 inserts the phrase -ri, ToiaSxa at the end of any long series, without a con- 
 junctive or diqunotive particle. Eeiske wishes to read », but it is rare to 
 find the subj. with el in Attic prose. The phrase dX\ oiiS briovv is a 
 favourite with the orator, and only intensifies the negation : it is an elliptic 
 formula = [not merely caring little] "but not even oaring at all." 
 
 elnTjjpia. Sacrifices offered by the BovXfi when entering the senate- 
 house, accompanied by prayer for favourable deliberations. (Ulpian.) 
 
 ipX^^eaipovirra. A Theoria was a religious embassy, the members of which 
 were called Theori, and their president AreUtheorus. The latter was % 
 
 L 
 
74 UEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 32. 
 
 Tf/9 TToXeo)? B^ewpiav, TreptetSe Se rais aefjuvalq 6eal<; 
 iepairoiov alpeBkvra e^ 'AdTjvaioov airdvTav TpiTov avrov 
 
 C. KaX Karap^dfiepov Tcbv lepav. ap av, el, y', ef^e crTijp.rjv 
 rj a-Kidv TovToav wv KareaKeva^e kwt ifiov, ravr' av 
 eiacrev ; iyo) (lev oiitc olfiai. ovkovv i^eXeyx^erai, tovtoi,'; 
 
 ■ evapyti><; v^pei ^tjtuv jxe eK^aXXeiv e/c ttj? iTaTpiho<;. 
 
 'd. 'EireiSrj toLvvv t ovto to trpayfia ovhe Ka& ev -TravTWXTJ 
 <TTpe<^a3V olo's T r)v dyajetv eV ifie, ^avepw<; r/S?; St' 
 e/J^ov Tov ' Apiarap-^^ov icrvKO<f)dvTei. kui, ra ftep aXXa 
 (tuottS) • Trj'i Be ^ov\fj<; irepl rovrcop Ka&rjjjbevrj's xal 
 aKoirovjxevrjt;, trapeXOcov o5to? " dyvoelr" e^r] " w ^ovXfj, 
 TO Trpayp-a ; koX tov avT6')(ei,pa e'XpvTes" Xeyav toj' 
 
 wealthy citizen who bore part of the expense of the .expedition. They 
 visited various places, the most important being sent to the Olympian, 
 Nemean, Pythian, or Isthmian games. 
 
 crefivai. The Eumenides. Both names are euphemistic, to propitiate the 
 ' ruries, who were in themselves neither aefwal nor cifieveU. 
 
 0. a-jiyiirip. " A point," in Aristot. Top. 1. 18. Here a "jot," or " tittle," 
 from ffTi'^w, and= punctum. 
 
 av elaaeu. The S.V is reduplicated, to add to the emphasis : others read 
 ap oiv at the beginning of the sentence, but not so well. 
 
 ixPaWew. " To drive me out of the city by his violenoe'," i. e. compel me 
 to fly from Athens for fear of my life. 
 
 d. oWe Kad' 61/, by trajection for kkt' ol/div, but stronger, as oiSe els is 
 always stronger than oileh- "in no one respect." 
 
 icru(co(^<{i/Tei. " He laid information against Aristarchus on my account," 
 *. e. to implicate me. The case is most obscure, as Demosthenes puts it ; but 
 apparently it was somehow thus. Aristarchus and Demosthenes were great 
 personal friends, and if it could be proved that the former had committed 
 the murder, some colour would te given to the idea of the latter having 
 instigated it. Demosthenes, we must remember, was considered to have a 
 "^ motive for causing the death of Nicodemus, §29. a., and a personal friend 
 like Aristarchus would be his likeliest instrument. Midias therefore accused 
 Aristarchus with great violence in the public assembly, but, to throw him off 
 pis guard, kept up a show of great intimacy with him, and asked him to 
 jeffeot the leconciliation between himself (Midias) and Demosthenes. By 
 rehis stratagem Midias would create an impression that he had no ill-will to 
 either of them, though he was plotting the ruin of both. Anything more 
 clumsy than Midias' machinations, or more far-fetched than this charge 
 of Demosthenes against him, it is difficult to imagine. 
 
§§ 32> 33-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 75 
 
 Apia-rap')(pv " fieXKere Kal ^rjreiTe Kal reTvAaarOe ; ovk 
 airoKTeveiTe ; ovk sttI ttjv olxCav ^aSiela-de ; ov')(t avXX- 
 rjyjrea'de ;" Koi tuvt eXeyev rj fitapa, koI avaiBrji avrrj 
 Ke<f>aXrj e^eXT/Xu^oxT t^ Trporepaia trap ^ ApiaTcupj^ov, Kal 
 y^prnfievos toaiFep &v aXKoi; rt? avT^ to, tt/jo roiiTov, Kal, 
 OT 7]VTW)(et, TrKeiara '7rape(rj(7] kotos melvov irpar^fiaTa 
 /Jioi TrepX T&v 7rpo9 tovtov BiaX^ywv. el fiev otv elp- 33.a. 
 yaaoat n tovtcov i^ ols aTroXcoXev rjyovp,evo<i tov 
 'Apla-Tapj(pv Kal iremaTevKCis rots t&v alTiacra/jLevoyv 
 553 Xoyois TavT eXeye, XPV" Z*^" o^^' ovtcos ' p,€Tpia yap 
 BiKT] Trapa t&v <j>i\a)v io'Tiv, av ti SoKoxri TreTrot/rjKevai 
 Beivov, /HTjKeTt t^? Xoitt^? ^i\,ia<; Koivtovelv, to S^ Tifico- 
 peiaOai Kal hre^ievat roZs TreirovOocrt, Kal row ^^(Opol^ ira- 
 pdKeiireTaf ofiwi K ecTToo' tovtw ye crvyyvafiTj: el Se aX&p b. 
 
 T6ru^w(r6e. "Are you SO dull?" [tui^os]. In what follows his excite- 
 ment makes him give an eccentric order for the movements of the senate, 
 which would naturally be (i) to go to the man's house, (2) to arrest, (3) to 
 execute him. 
 
 Ke^iaXv. "Person," being masculine in sense, has a masc. participle 
 agreeing with it. 
 
 ■xpiinevos. "Intimate with him:" utor has exactly the same meaning 
 in Latin: with aw supply xP'i'^" (xpaotro), 
 
 iKeivov. That is, Aristarchus had plagued- Demosthenes vastly about 
 withdrawing his charge against Midias. 
 
 33. a. iiroKiaXiv. " Has been put to death." If Midias had so savagely 
 prosecuted him from a belief in his guilt, it would have been unfair conduct 
 in a professed friend even then. 
 
 -Xprjv fiiv answers to S/iok S' Iittw, "^heoicgM not ta have done it eveni 
 then but, nevertheless, let us excuse- it in him." (Midias, the arch- 
 villain, may be excused for anything.^ 
 
 irapA 4>iKa)v. " To be exacted from friends." A reasonable penalty is to 
 drop their acquaintance ; vengeance is left for enemies to inflict. 
 
 b. dXiov. "If he shall be proved on the one hand to have shared Aris- 
 tarchus' salt, and been under his soof as though Aristarchus had been 
 guilty of nothing, and on the other hand to have continued saying and 
 Hiaking these accusations in order to calumniate myself." Observe the 
 contrast between the Aoriet and Present Participles, the former denoting 
 single actions, the latter continuous, \a\iav is the ordinary reading for 
 dXuiv, Kowaiv. being omitted. The conjectural emendation is Eeiske's, and a 
 very ingenious one, derived partly from St«phanus. Schsefer defends Xakuu 
 
 KOJ. yiyvofi. as a good antithesis to Xiyiav xal Ka-rain. 
 
76 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 33. 
 
 fiev KowcovrjfTas kol ofi(i3po(^io<; yiyv6/j.€vo<; tos ovBev elpyaa- 
 fievq) cpavi^aerat, Xeycov Be koI KaTai,Tiasfievo<; ravd' evsKa 
 Tov (7VK0(f>avTetv efiSf ttco? ov Bskclkis, fiaXXov Se fivpiaKts 
 C. Blkmo^ i(TT' aTvoKasKivai, ; aXKa fifiv co? aXridr] Xeyo), 
 Kal rfj /juev irpoTepala, ore ravr eXeyev, elaeXrfKvOei, kuI 
 BielXeKTo eKeivw, ry 8' vcrrepaia ttoXiv {tovto jap, tovto 
 ovK e vov eg-Tlv virep^oXrjV aKa6apa-[a<;, avBpes 'Adrjvaloi) 
 elaeX6cov oiKaBe (hs eKelvov koX i(f>e^rjs oinwaX KaOi- 
 ^6ijievo<;, Tr]v Be^iav e/x/3aX<bv, TrapovTcov vroXX&v, fierh, 
 Toii^ iv ry ^ovXy tovtov; X6yov<;, iv oh avTO'^edpa koI 
 ra BeivoTar elprjKei tov 'ApiarTapj^ov, (Ofivve /iev kcit ' 
 e^gXeto? fiTjBev elprjicevai Trepl avrov ^Xavpov, koX oiiBev 
 i(pp6vT(.^ev eiriopK&v, km. ravra irapovTwv Tmv crvvet- 
 BoTCiJv, ri^lov Be Kal irpos efj,e avrS Bi eKelvov jljvecrQai 
 Ta<i BiaXvaei'i, rovrav Toiis Trapovras vfiiv KaXa> fidp- 
 
 c. wporepala ore. We should rather expect fi to be inserted between 
 them, and so Taylor insists, quoting Plato, Crit. 2. rg iia-rcpaia iiroSuriiTKew 
 fl ^ an i\Bfj t6 iiXolov. But an orator or a poet might excuse himself the 
 strict construction: cf. Homer, H. *. 80. ^lis ^c.-ijoe ^uw^exaTt) St' es 
 'Wiov ei\^\ou0a. 
 
 tout' iXeyev refers to his violent accusations. 
 
 oiiK 1x01/ eo-TiVi exwi' is sometimes used aa a predicate with AfA or 
 ylyvofiai., and so are a few other present participles, as &ia(pipmv, irponrmaiv,, 
 K.T. \. Madvig, § 180. c, " admits no excess," i. e. You can't go beyond it, 
 try as you will. 
 
 ei^egijs. " Sitting down just next to him." Por outmo-i, see § 21. b. 
 
 wpLvve piv answers to ii^lov Se. "While he swore to perdition that he 
 tad said no harm about him, (without regarding this act of perjury, and 
 that, too, in the presence of those who knew the truth,) he demanded that 
 the reconciliation between him (Midias) and myself should be efi'ected by 
 his (Aristarchus') means." 
 
 KWT eJtoXei'as may be compared with the phrase in Aristoph. lEq. 660. 
 vbxvv 'TroivtraarSai Kara xiXiwD yi/iapaiii, "to make a VOW 'of offering' (lit. 
 'towards') a thousand kids," so here xar' sg. 'to swear,' offering one's own 
 destrucstion as compensation to the gods if the oath was false. The idea was 
 first taken from stretching the hand " at " the object offered. eirwpKwv, the 
 participial construction so common with verbs of caring, regarding, &c. 
 n-uveiloraiv meaus the men who had heard Midias accusing Aristarchus 
 in the senate. 
 
§§ 335 34-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 11 
 
 d. Tvpwi. Kairoi ir&s ov Beivov, S) avSpei 'A6rivaioi, fioXKov 
 06 acre^es, Xeyeiv w? ^oveiig, xal iroiXiv ms ovk eipifKe 
 tout' avofivvvai, ical (j>6vov fiev ovetBi^etv, rovrtp S' 
 ojimpo^iov ytryvea-Oai ; icav fiev a<j>a) tovtov eyii) Koi 
 irpoBcb Tr)v vfierepav naTa^xei^oToviav, ovBev, w? eoiK, \, 
 aoiKco ' av o JT re^i co, 'KeXoiira rrjv rd^iv, <f>6vov KoivrnvS), 
 554 oel /i6 avTjpTracrffai. iym S' av Tovvavriov olp,ai, el rov- e. 
 rov d^Ka, XeXotirevai, fiev, a> avSpe'i 'AOrjvaloL, ttjv rov 
 SiKaiov rd^iv, (f)6vov S" av elic6Tco<} ep,avTM Xa^^etv • oil 
 ydp rjv pLOi Srjirov ^tajov tovto Troi'^cravrt. ort, TOtVw 34. 
 Kal ravr' uXtjOt] Xijco, Kaket /ioi koI tovtwv roiis 
 /idprvpa^. 
 
 MAPTTPEX. {Avaifjiayip'i 'AXaTreKrjeev, ArjpAa'i 
 Xovvieiis, Xdprjs ©op[Kto<;, ^iXijficov S<f>'']'''Ti'OS, Moa-xoi 
 Uaiavieii^, Kaff ofj<; Kaipov<; rj ela-ayyeXia iBodrj ets Trjv 
 /3ov\r]v inrep 'Apiardp'xpv rov Moa-'^^ov, on eli] NtKoSr)- 
 fiov direKrovms, oiSafiev MeiSiav rov Kpivofievov vwo 
 Aoifioa-divov;, S /iaprvpovfiev, i\06vra rrpos rrjv ^ov\r]v 
 Kal Xiyovra firjSiva erepov eivai rov Nt,Kohrjp,ov <\>ovea,'X. 
 aXK 'Apurrapj^pv, Kat rovrov avrov yejovivai avToveipa, 
 /cal avfi/SovXevovra ry ^ov\y ^aSl^eiv iirl rr}v oiKiav 
 
 d. ais <t>ovei^. There is an ellipse here of i(mv 'Apicrrapxas, as below 
 with 0oVoii dveiSi'^eiv we must supply toutw, or rather supply tk in the first 
 case and rwt in the second : "to reproach a man with murder, and then go 
 under the same roof with him." ' 
 
 i<l>m TOVTOV. The orator reverts suddenly to his own case : and if I let 
 this man escape and abandon the right of prosecution you have given me, 
 I do nothing wrong," (so. in Midias' opinion,) " but if I follow up that sen- 
 tence of your's I am a deserter" (sc. Midias will prosecute me for desertion). 
 
 e. eyii S' ad. "But I think, on the contrary," that if I let him off 
 I shall have deserted justice, and might fairly bring an act ion of murder") 
 against myself. To make the analogy complete, tlie orator hras to indulge" in 
 no slight hyperbole. 
 
 34. a. el<Tayye\la. An impeachment for grave crime before the Boule 
 or the Ecclesia. 
 
 virep. See § 9. b. II. g. 
 
78 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 34, 35- 
 
 b. TTjv 'Apicndp'^ov Kal ervWafi^dveiv axnov. ravra B' 
 eXeje tt/jos Tr}v ^ovXrjv Trj irpoTepaia /ler' 'ApiaTap'^pv 
 Kal fie6' rifimv a-vvSeSenrvrjKa)';. o'ihafjuev he km, MeiSiav, 
 ws aTTrfKdev utto TJJ9 ^SovXij? tovtov; tov<; XSyovi eiprj- 
 Ka)<;, elaeKrfKvdora iraXiv d><; ' Apiarapj^pv Kal rrjv Se^iav 
 ifi^e^XrjKOTa Kal ofivvovra Kar' i^ai\eLa<; p/qhev Kaj' 
 avTov irp'os ttjv ^ovXrjv elprjKevai ^Xavpov, Kal d^tovvra 
 ' AplcrTapj(ov oirwt; av BiaXXd^rj ainm Arjfioo'Oevrjv.^ 
 
 c. Tt? ovv virep^oKrj ; rt? ofiola rr} tovtov 'yiyovev rj 
 ryevoiT av Trovrjpia ; o? avBpa aTV)(pvvTa, ovBe avTov 
 rjBiKrjKOTa {ia <^ap <f)lXov), dfia avKO(pavTeiv fioero Beiv 
 Kal irpo<; efie avTov BiaXv€iv r)^lov, Kal Tavr' errpaTre 
 Kal j(priiJi,aT^ avrfKi<TKev hrl rm /xer' eKeivov Kafie -irpoa- 555 
 eK^aXelv dBlKw;. 
 
 35. a. TovTO fievTot to tomvtov kdov Kal to KaTaaKevacr/^a, 
 & avBpes 'AOrjvatoi, to toI'; virep avTwv eTre^Lovai Bi- 
 Kal(o<; eTi ifKeico Trepiia-Tavai KaKa, ovk ifioi fiev d^iov 
 ea-T dyavaKTecv Kal /Sapeto? ^epeiv, iifiiv Be toIs dXKon 
 irapiBelv, nroXKov 76 Kal Bel, dXkd tracnv 6p,olai^ opyi- 
 (TTeov, eKXoyi^Ofieuoi'i Kal^ewpovauv otv tov /ttef co 
 
 c. iu> yip. " For I will not say, a friend :" if, with Sohsefer, we retain el 
 before (pi\ou, the sense will be very little altered: "I will not ask, whether 
 it was a friend he was informing against," e(TVKo<pavTei. being supplied from 
 above. 
 
 auTdu StaXu. Both airov and avrdv in this paragraph refer to Midias ; 
 strictly it should be aiTdv in each case, but this rule is often neglected, 
 especially in the orators : see § 60. e. (end), § 10. c, and immediately below, 
 § 35. b. 
 
 ivvXiiTKeii 6Tri is the common construction to indicate the object "on" 
 which money is spent. Plato, 3C9. E., &c. Thuoydides uses the dative in 
 V II. 64. without a preposition. 
 
 35. a. TO e6o9. " This usage and trick of heaping still greater injuries on 
 those who are justly seeking redress on their own behalf." eire£i£i/ai, like 
 cTreJeXeEii/, in this sense, § 31. a., &o. 
 
 oiiK a^iov. " It is not fitting that you should overlook, while I," &c., a 
 similar construction of fiev and Si to that noticed at § 7- a. 
 
§ 35-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 79 
 
 ai/Spe? 'Adijvatot, paSlas KaKS)<; iradelv eyyvrara ^fiav 
 ei,<Tiv oi ireveararoi koI aaOeviaraTOi, tov S' i^plaai b. 
 KUL TOV iroirjaavTa'i fj,r) BoOvai Slk^jv, aWa tov<; dvn- 
 irape^ovTa<i irpdy/iaTa fito'ScoaaaOai, ol jSSeXvpol Koi 
 546 XPVf''^'^' e^ovre?. oi Brj Bel irapopav to, Toiavra, ovBe 
 TOV i^eCpyovra Beet Kal <j>6^ip to BLicriv mv av rjixSiv 
 dStKTjOff Tt9 Xafi^dveiv -Trap' avTOV aXko Ti yprj vo/jbl^eiv 
 TTOielv rj Tai Trjs l(Trr/opla<; Kal t^9 ttjs i\ev0epia<; rijjbwv 
 fjLeT0t)(ria<s d<f>aipel<i6ai. eyu) fiev jdp 'ia-eo<; Siecoffafj,r]v, c. 
 KOI dXXo^ Tt? dv, •y^evBrj "Kcr/ov Kal avKO^avTiav, Kal ovk 
 dvrjpiracrfiab ' ol Se iroXkol tI voi'^aeTe, dv firj hrffiocria 
 irdcrt (po^epov KaTactTrjarjTe to els tuvtu dTro')(pr]a'6at Tm 
 irKovretv ; Bovtu \6yov Kal inroa'')(6vTa Kpicriv irepl S)v d. 
 dv Tt? iyKaXy, rot' dp^vveaOai tovs dS^/cws i(f)' avTov 
 
 iyyuraTa. The lower Orders, he says, are " closest" to oppression, because 
 they supply the easiest victims. We can render in each case eyyuT. elaii>, 
 "have most opportunities." 
 
 b. TOV i' ippiaai. " To insult, and avoid penalty for so doing, while 
 they hire creatures to give us counter annoyance." irpayiiaTa, "legal 
 troubles," as so often : iroielu, like " do" in our own usage, will represent any 
 verb immediately preceding. The orator is thinking how Midias employed 
 Euctemon (§ 28. b.), Thrasyloohus (§ 23. c), &o., to impede his prosecution. 
 
 e^etpyotiTa. " The man who, by terrifying and alarming, prevents the 
 infliction of punishment on himself, for whatever wrongs any one of us may 
 have received." The use of dWo, which follows, is similar to § 16. b. 
 
 iariyopia is muoh the same as laovon'm, though literally "equality of 
 
 speech," 'Jrapprja-ia, 
 
 fiiiUv. The jury are taken from the Sfium, and such an address is, of 
 course, calculated to rouse their indignation against Midias, making him out 
 their public enemy. 
 
 c. av. "We must supply BiioaaiTo, " might repel." 
 
 (ii/i7|0Trao-/uai. " Have not been put out of the way." Buttmann agrees 
 with Eeiske that ivapwri^ew is de medio^tollere, perdere, eoertere. The 
 passive, therefore, would be equivalent to peri/re, funditus perdi. 
 
 d. Sovra \6yov, in its legal sense, implies surrendering to justice, giving 
 an account of yourself to the court : inroaxoi'. similarly at § 31. h. " Jfter 
 
 responding to charges and standing one's trial then (and not before) one 
 
 ought to . . repel the charges of. . those," &c. rare is used with almost the force 
 of tot' nSri, turn demum : the passage is best explained by Ulpian's note : " If 
 a man lays a charge against you, says the orator, don't evade the trial, but let 
 
80 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 35, 36. 
 
 "" eKOovras XPV> 1^'^'' tot, av aZiKovvra<; opa tk, ov Trpo- 
 
 avapird^euv, ouS' eirar/ovT' aWias tfrevBel^ aKpnov ^ijTeiv 
 
 a'!ro(j}£vyeiv, ov8' i-rrl tg3 SiSovat hiic7]v acr'^aKKew, aXXa 
 
 fir] 'Roielv e'f a.p-)(fj'; dcreXr/e'; firjBiv. 
 
 36.a. "Ocra jxev roivvv el's re ttjv Xeirovpjiav kol to <rw/i 
 
 v^picrO'rjv, Kol •kclvt' eTn^ovKevop.evo'; rpoirov koI 7rda')(a>v 
 
 KaKwt; iK7re(f)€vya, aKTjKoaTe, Si dvBps'i 'Adrivaioi,, Kai 
 
 irapaXeiira) Se iroKXd ' ov jdp 'Laa><; pdBtov irdvT' elirelv. 556 
 
 b. e'xei' B' ovtco'S. ovk ecrd' i(j) orip tmv •rre'jrparyfiivcov iytb 
 
 fiovc; ■^BUijiMat, dW eirl fiev rois et? rov %o/30J' yeye- 
 
 vr]jj,evoi<; dBwrjiiaaw rj (f>vXr], to BeKarov (jiepo'i v/mmv, 
 
 (Tvvr]BiKr]Tai, eirl B' ols ifii v^picre Kol ive/SovXevaev 01 
 
 vofjiOL, Bi ovs els eKaaTO<i vjm&v aS)<; iariv e^' diraai 
 
 Be TovTOi<i 6 debs, (o %op'J?7os iya> KaOeicrrriKetiV, Koi, to 
 
 "I T^? ocrias, qtoBijttot' iarl, to cyejMvov koX to Baifioviov, 
 
 Hm have you into court, else you can't clear yourself. Perhaps you will say, 
 ' But it's a false charge :' leave that for the court to decide, and when you 
 have been acquitted, (not before,) retaliate on your adversary." 
 
 Kai TOT au. " And then, if one sees they (your accusers) are doing us 
 wrong, (i. e. have prosecuted us falsely,) one should not put them out of the 
 way (before they can bring their action into court), nor seek to get off 
 ■without a trial by bringing false charges against them." 
 
 iSiKovuTat implies <TVKO(j>aiiTovirras. Obviously xph ^^ to t)® supplied in 
 the next sentence. 
 
 36. a. iKTre<pevya. "I have escaped," in spite of all his conspiracies. 
 
 Kai wapaX. Sk. "And I actually (icai) pass over." di is not unfrequently 
 the third word in a sentence ; jEsch. JSumen. 8, 19, 21, &c. : generally m that 
 case the two first words are in such close coherence as to represent one 
 word only. 
 
 b. OVK cad' elf)' oTM. " In no one," stronger than eir' oliSevi. 
 
 V (pvXri. Cf. § 8. b. c. Insulting a Choregus is insulting the tribe which 
 appointed him, and the patron god of the festival : insulting a citizen is 
 insulting the laws which protect him, and the sanctity of Justice. 
 
 oTi StiiroT'. An expression generally of contempt and depreciation. 
 § 11. f. oTToo-tj) WiroTe; and SO Eeiske understands it. Buttmann takes 
 it to mean " ineffable," as neseio quid is sometimes used to imply. There 
 is a somewhat similar tone in both the parallel passages quoted by 
 Kennedy, Eurip. Bacch. 892. Orest. 418. Perhaps we may paraphrase the 
 expression: " The mysterious majesty and divinity of righteousness :" by oaia 
 is intended the unwritten law of conscience. Soph. Antig. 454. Dem. 
 p. 317, 23. p. 643, 18. Thuo. II. 37. 
 
§36.J 
 
 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 81 
 
 avvTjBiKrjTat, Set Srj tou? 76 ^ovKofiivovi;, op65i<; ttjv <= 
 fcar' a^Lav r&v TreTrpaj/iivav irapa tovtov olKrjv XajSelp 
 oir% ft)? VTrep ifjuov ovro<! fiovov rov Xojov TrjV opyrjv 
 €')^eip, aXK' 0)s ev tuvtw twv voficov, rov 6eov, tt}'; tto- 
 Xeas, ofjLov irdvrcov '^BLKij/Mevrnv, oiiro} iroielaOdi j'fjv 
 Tificopiav, Kol rov^ ^07]9ovvTa<; Kal tou? crvve^eTa^o/juevovs 
 fiera tovtov /jltj crvvTjyopov'i fiovov, dXKa koI BoKi/jio^Tai 
 tS)v TovTa TreTTpayfjuevtov VTroXa/Jb^dveiv etvai. 
 
 El ftev TOLvvv, & avBp6<; 'AO'rjvam, (T(u(f)pova kclL d. 
 fieTptov Trpo<: ToXKa •irape(T')(riKcas avTov MeiBiai kuI 
 /MTjSeva T&v aXXmv iroXiTrnv '^SiKTjKcog et? i/ie fiovov 
 d<7eXy^<; ovtq) koI ^laiof eyeyovei, irpSiTov fiev eyay' 
 aTV'XTjiJ,' av efiavTOV tovto ffyovfirfv, eiren' ejto^ovfLriv 
 av fir) Toi' dXXov eavTov fiiov ovto<s fierpiov BetKvvtov 
 Kal <jiiXdv9pco7rov BiaKpovaTjTai, TOVTqt to BlKrjv wv i/ie 
 v^piKe Bovvai. vvvl Se TOcravT'. icrTl ToXXa, & iroXXoiis e. 
 
 , v/i&v riBLictjKe^ Kal TotavTa jUxtts tovtov fiev tov Biovs 
 dTrrjXXar/fiai,, (fio^ovfiai. Be irdXtv TOvvavTuov fir], ivet- 
 Bdv iroXXd Koi Beivd erepov; aKovrjff vtt' avrov ire- 
 
 557 "TTOvOoTas, ToiovTo? Tis vfitv Xoyicr/ib^ efnriay "tC oZv 
 
 c. £11 TauT<o. "Simultaneously." Tois/Joije. "And those who are assist- 
 ing him, and are seen on his side, you should consider not as advocates only, 
 but as approvers of what he has done." "We have had ponSeiv in this sense 
 of ' legal aid,' at § 3. 0. 20. d., &o. egeroJo/ieBos, in the sense of ' exhibiting 
 oneself,' § 19. a. 55. a. ; it is easily deduced from the technical meaning of the 
 verb. So SoKi/ia^eLv, technically to ' examine,' can be stretched to the mean- 
 ing of ' approve.' Plato, 789. c, &c. On the general character of avuiiyopoi, 
 vid. Aristoph. Acharn. 679. sq. With this whole passage Kennedy compares 
 Cicero Be Sarusp. Sesp, 3, and Pro Milone, 29. 
 
 d. If Midias had always been well-behaved, I might fear (i) that his in- 
 sulting me was my own bad luck; (2) that his previous character would 
 ensure his acquittal. diaKpoieadai is quite a technical word for legal evasion 
 (§9.e.), like enKpovetv, § 24. a., and p. 1021, 23. toutw, "thereby:" dativus 
 instrumenti. 
 
 e. He has insulted so many with impunity that I shall be asked why 
 I, in particular, prosecute him. Toivam-iov is adverbial, as usual (note on 
 § 10. l), .Tt oSii. Quid igitur. " What then is the meaning of this ? Have 
 j/ou suffered more atrocities than each individual one of his other victims, 
 that you shew resentment ?" (which ihei/ did not.) The structure of the 
 sentence is like the beginning of "§ 25. a. 
 
82 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§36' 
 
 ai) BeivoTepov rj raiv oXXmv els e/cao-To? ireTrovOcbs d<ya- 
 
 f. vuKTelt; ; Tvavra fiev Brj to. 70vt(0 TreTrpajfieva oiiT av 
 
 eiym Bvvaifirjv "Trpos v/iS? eLTrelv, ovt' av ifiels {nrofieivaiT 
 
 aKoveiv, ovS', el rb irap' afKpoTepcov rjiiSiv vSwp VTrdp^eie 
 
 7rp6<; TO XofTTov irav to t' ifMV koX to tovtov TrpoaTeOev, 
 
 ^ ovK av i^apKecreiev • a B' eaTi fieyio'Ta Kal (pavepuiTaTa, 
 
 g. Tavr' epa). fiaWov B ejcelvo rrroirjato ' dvayvcoao/Mui fiev 
 
 Vfuv, a)? ifiavTO} yeypafi/jt.ai, TrdvTa to, VTrofjLvi^fiLaTa, Xe^<o 
 
 S' « ai> TTpcoTov aKOveuv^ ^ovXojJLevoK vfuv y, tovto 
 
 itpayTOV, eW eTepov, Kul ToXXa tov avrov Tpo-jrov, eto? 
 
 h. dv aKoveiv ^ovXTjaOe. ecTTt Be TUvTa TravToBaira, Kal 
 
 v/3pets TToXXal Kal irepl tov? olKelovs KaKovpy^fiaTa Kal 
 
 Trepl Tov<; Oeoii^ dae^'^/j.aTa, Kal t ottos ovBelf eaTW iv 
 
 w TOVTOV ov OavuTov TreTTOirjKOTa d^.ia TToWd evpijcreTe. 
 
 f. Td Trap' ifirpoT. uScip. "Not even if we had now to begin with the 
 water apportioned to both our clepsydrse added to what is now left in mine 
 and his" = ' if you allowed me to go on speaking all the period of time 
 allowed for prosecution and defence, added to the time we have not yet 
 consumed.' We find an accusative after •irpos, because the water must be 
 put in motion in order to be added. The time allowed both to plaintiff and 
 defendant was measured off by a water-clock (KXei//M|Oiz), whose construction 
 is described in Aristot. Proh. XVI. 8. It consisted of a hollow ball, called 
 K(i>Seia, from its resembling in shape the head of a popp.y, the top being 
 slightly flattened. To introduce the water there was an opening at the top, 
 extending to a short neck (auXos), which might be closed by a stopper 
 {■TTuifia). Opposite the neck on the nether side were several orifices 
 {■rpvTri'ifiaTa), through which the water slowly trickled out. Aristoph. 
 Acharn. 692, Vesp. 93, 857, &c. i^apKcixeiev is best taken impersonally. 
 
 g. ivayudiTOfiai. " I will read you all the memoranda (of Midias' mis- 
 demeanours) as I have had them written down for myself." yeyoau. Perf. 
 Middle. 
 
 jSouXo/uc'i/ois v. "Whatever you please to hear first." 'The dative of a 
 noun with a participle is used with ea-Ti to denote a person's state of mind 
 on something (especially of inclination or aversion),' Thuo. ii. 3. Plato, 
 PhiBdo. § 78, &c. Madv. § 38. d. 'iuK av. " As long as ever you please to go 
 on hearing." 
 
 h. o'iKelom. The fact of some victims being also his relations would 
 aggravate the offence. 
 
 ToVo!. According to TJlpian means " place in the history of his mis- 
 deeds," i.e. locus oratorius. Cf. the speech against Aristogiton, p. 793 
 (beginning); according to others, "place in the city," as if there were no 
 spot in Athens where he had not committed some act of violence. 
 
§ 370 ' DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 83 
 
 rnOMNHMATA TUN MEIJIOT AAIKHMA- 
 TUN. "Oaa fiev roivvv, Si avhpe<; BoKaa-ral, toz^ del.37.st. 
 •Trpoarv^ovT' avT<a ireTroirfKe, tout icTTiv. koI Trapake- <■ 
 Xot^' erepa ' ov yap av BvvaLr' oiSel? ela-aTra^ eliretv a 
 •KoXvv ^/aoj/az; o5to? v^pi^cov avpex(Of UTravra top ^iov 
 elpyacTTai. a^iov &' Ihelv ii^' oaov (^povrjjjLaTos ijBrj b. 
 TTpoeX'^Xvde Ta>' tovtwv BIktjv fitjBevos SeSoi/civai,. ov yhp 
 fjyeW', toy e/iot hoKel, Xapiirpov ovBe veaviKov ovh' d^iov 
 &avdTov o Ti av Tt? ttjOo? eva el? SiaTrpdrTTjTai, dXX' el 
 fiT) (f>vXr]v oXrjv Kal ^ovXrjv koI edvo'i TrpoirrjXaKiei koI "Wti . 
 TToWou? dOpoovs vfj,(bv d/j,a iXa, dBlcoTov meT effeo'dat t 
 C58 '"0'' ^iov avTm. Kal to, fiev dXXa o-icotto), fivpta ehrelv c. 
 ejdiov, irepX he rcov avaTpaTevaafj,evcov iTnTemv elg ''Ap- 
 yovpav tare hrj^rrov- irdvre^ ota iSTjijuriyoprjae irap vfuv,. 
 
 37. a. a iroXiv. "All the defendant has done during a long period,, 
 committing outrage continuously as he did his whole life through." It is 
 optional whether we take u/S/oiJoik tri/i/ex'"' with troX. XP"".. or as I have 
 translated : the accusatives are both of duration in either case. 
 
 b. iJgioK S' ISeXv, " But it is right you should observe to what a pitch of. 
 arrogance he has advanced, through having paid no penalty ior any of these 
 offences." His immunity has eucoureiged him to go on in the same path. 
 "Por he did not (1 imagine) think anything brilliant, or vigorous, or- 
 criminal enough, which the offender perpetrated merely between man and 
 man." 4£. eai/dr. is a sarcastic climax : Midias' ambition was to do no 
 outrage under a capital crime : anything less- would be beneath his dignity 
 as u^ptarrji. " But except he should insult a whole tribe, and senate, and 
 nation, and persecute many of you together m a body, he thought his life 
 would not be worth having." With this use of the futures TrpoirrjA-oKiel and 
 e\d, where we should rather expect optatives, compare § 58. c. 
 
 c. <Tv<TTpaTev<ya/i. ""Were despatched with him," i. e. under the com- 
 mand of Midias as hippareh : there were two hipparchs, as a rule, to each,, 
 cavalry brigade. Dem. c. FMlipp. A. 47, 11. 
 
 "Apyoupaa. One of the minor towns of Euboea: the jwsition of the- 
 metropolis, Chalcis, on the strait of the Euripus, is well known. Tamynse, 
 whither an Athenian force had- been sent under Phocion, was also on the 
 west coast of Euboea, and some 20 mUes S.E^of Chalcis. Phocion had started 
 early in February, and had sent for reinforcements soon after his arrival ; 
 as, however, he shortly announced a victory at Tamynse, the reinforcements 
 were ordered not to start till after the Great Dionysia (where Midias per- 
 petrated his outrage). When the festival was over the force was despatched, 
 JDemosthenes serving as hoplite, Midias as hippareh ; but the latter only 
 went as far as Argura, from whence he returned to command his vessel ui 
 
84 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 37. 
 
 V 06' fjKev Ik XaXKt'So?, KaTrjjopSyv koI ^dtTKcov oveiSos 
 i^eXOelv ttjv arpaTiav TavTTjv ry TroXei • Koi rrji/ Xot- 
 )*. Boplav fjv eKoiZopriOrj Kparbvo) irepl tovtcov, rm vvv to? 
 67(B 'rrvvddvofj.ai, fieXKovri /SoTjdeiv avrm, fiinvrjade. tov Sij 
 ToaovTois adpooi^ tSsv ttoXitwv ej(6pav eV ovhevl TrjXt- 
 KavTTjv dpdfievov iroarj irovripiq, koI OpaavrrjTi Tavra 
 
 d. XPV vofiL^eiv nrpaTTeiv ; Kauroi TTOTep' elalv ovei^os, & 
 MeiSia, rfi -jroXei, ol StajSavre? eV Ta^et koI ttjv crKevrjv 
 €XOVTe<;, rjv irpoariKe toi;? eVt tov? iro\,ep,LOV<; i^i,6vTa<i 
 Kal av/J,^aKovp,evov<; rolsMavfi/Jid^oos, fj av 6 fir/Be Xaj^eiv 
 eii^ofievo^ tmv e^iovrtov, ot' €K\7jpov, tov OwpaKa Se 
 
 trieraroh. The same cavalry brigade went afterwards to Olynthus, and 
 Midias abused them in the way the orator describes. (The above is the 
 substance of Kennedy's note on the passage : he puts it forward merely as 
 his own view ; 1 have not seen any other more probable or lucid.) 
 
 eSrifiriyopriaev. " He ranted." The verb means only " public speaking," 
 hut is often in a disparaging sense ; cf. Plato, Gorg. 482. c. 
 
 od' i)K6i/. " When he had come from Chalcis," see § 45. c. irapairc/jLTTovruiv. 
 As Hkio is perfect in sense, Timv is pluperfect. 
 
 oKci^os, in apposition to aTpa-riav, " as a disgrace to the city," alluding to 
 the badness of their equipment, discipline, &c. 
 
 Kpariva. Cratinus was commander, Archetion (in § 37. e.) one of the 
 troopers. Observe the Aorist e\oi.Sopridri, middle in sense. 
 
 TM vvv. These words ^re absent from most texts, but Buttmann argues 
 in favour of retaining them : " who is now, as I hear, going to advocate 
 Midias' cause." The orator wishes to exasperate those who had served 
 under Midias by reminding them of his insolence to them; many of these 
 men would very possibly be in court as jurors: he also wishes to make them 
 • suspect Cratinus as a blind partisan of Midias, and so depreciate any evi- 
 dence he might give in his favour. If tm vvv be rejected, we must under^ 
 stand, "who was actually going to support Midias," at the time when the 
 cavalry force were thus insulted by their hipparoh. 
 
 ctt' ovSevi. "For nothing," i.e. with no provocation, and no object in 
 view, alpeadai implies " beginning," as he had received no aggravation : 
 Eurip. Heracl. 986, 991, contain a similar expression. 1/0/iiJeii/, " must we 
 think he acts ;" the context only indicates the subjects of the two verbs. 
 
 d. am/3di/Tes. " Crossed over," i. e. to Eubcea. 
 
 avupaXoupevous. " To join their allies." A rare sense of av/j-jlaXXeadai, 
 which generally means ' to encounter with hostility.' 
 
 ot' inXripov. " Who, when you were casting lots, prayed that you might 
 not be drawn as one of the expedition." X.axeii', "to obtain an office by lot," 
 ia generally constructed with a nom., as Xax"" fiouXevrnt, Lys. 103, 30, or 
 
§ 37'J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 85 
 
 ovSeTrcoTTOT evSiis,. stt' dffTpd^rjs Be axpv/ievoi; dpyvpds 
 rij? e^ Ev^Qias, ■x XaviBa<; Be koX KVfi^ia koI kciBovs 
 e)(wv, S)v eneKafi^dvovTo oi •jrevTrjKocrToXoyoi ; ravra e. 
 •yap eh tov<{ OTrXtTa? rifid's dirrj'yyeKKero • oii yap els 
 ravrb ij/iet? tovtoi'; Bte^rjfiev. etra eo cr' em, tovtois 
 ea-KW\lrev 'Apj(eTt,(ov i] rt? a\Xo9, irdvras r]Xavve<; ; el 
 t^ev yap eVotety Tavra, & MeiSia, a ere (jiacriv oi a-wnnrei'; — 
 Kai KaTTiyopei.i ws Xeyoiev irep), aov, BiKaiwi kukois "^ 
 rjKove^ • Kal yap eKelvov; Kal rovroval Kal oXrjv riji) 
 
 with the infln., as Xaxiiw ^ouXeieiv, Vera. 1346, 2 : here we find it with a 
 partitive "gen., as though els tSiv el^wvTosv were meant. Midias either 
 uttered this prayer in jest, or else the orator hints that he uttered it men- 
 tally only. 
 
 T&v diipuKa. "Tour cuirass," the definite article doing duty, as so often, 
 for a personal pronoun. 
 
 aa-rpa^ris. "A silver side-saddle." According to TTlpian it was a sort of 
 chair with a back to it placed on a mule : it was used often for the con- 
 venience of invalids, Lysias, de Inval. p. 747. Athenseus, xiii. 582. Both the 
 effeminacy and the extravagance of the proceeding exposed it to ridicule. 
 The common reading is e£ 'Apyoipas t^s Eu/Soias, hut Buttmann defends his 
 text on Ulpian's authority, and gives a passage of Helladius, who, quoting 
 this speech from memory, writes <is A?)/no<j-8. iv tw Ka-ra MeiS. K6ym, ew' 
 ia-Tpdpris dx""!'^^'"'^ ipyvpai. The mule itself was sometimes called &a-rpapr\, 
 
 X^aviSas. The x^""" was an upper garment of wool, worn hy both "nx-i ".*-*^ 
 sexes, though it is always instanced as a sign of effeminacy for a man to 
 wear it. Dem. Fro Fhorm. 958, 12. Of course it would be anything but 
 regulation uniform. 
 
 Kv/xpia. " Cups and jars," no appropriate part of cavalry equipment. 
 
 m w eireXa|Uj3. " Which the custom-house officers laid hold of." As these 
 articles were not professional, they were liable to the export duty, irevrriKocnfi, 
 one-fiftieth, i. e. 2 per cent., and were seized accordingly. 
 
 e. V"'- He includes himself in the infantry forces, § 37. c. note on 
 "Apyovpav, 
 
 eU -ravTo. " To the samfi place," i. e. they crossed at a different point, 
 and so only heard of Midias' proceedings, instead of seeing them. 
 
 iraiiTo.^. "Did you persecute all of them," because one or two men 
 jeered at you ? 
 
 el piv yap. " For if you did what the troopers of your company say you 
 did, and what you were accusing them of saying about you, it was with . 
 justice you were ill-spoken of. KaTriyopels, the present, is retained by M 
 some, but the optative which follows presupposes an historic tense. Madvig, " 
 § 130. a. &Koieiv can be used with kokws, kok^s, or Kani., in the same sense 
 of being ill-reputed. 
 
86 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 37, 38. 
 
 f. TToKw rjZLKei<; kclI KUTrjcr'yyve^. el Se firj iroiOvvTos aov 
 KareaKevatpv Tive<; KarayfrevSofievol aov, oi he \onrol 
 Tcbv arpaTiaTcov ovk eKeivois iireTifKov, aXXa aol eVe- 
 •)(aigov, hfj\ov OTL eK iSiV aWwv (ov e^ri<; d^io<; avTOii; 
 eSoKei,<; elvai tov TOiavr' uKOveiv • aavTov ovv fierpio}- 559 
 g. repov ixpW "rrapex^eiv, ovk eiceivov; hia^cCKkeiv. aii B' 
 aTreiKeis TraaLV, ekavveis iravra^ ' tov? aXKov^ a^vois b 
 Tt crii /3oii\ei aKOireiv, ovk avTO<; a-KOTrei<} o tc fir/ 'Kvirrj- 
 aeis T0v<; aWovi iroiSiv. koX to hr] a'^erXicoTarov Kal 
 fieyi,aT0v efioL'ye Sokovv v^pews eivai arifielov ' roaovTwv 
 av6pd>iru)v, & fiLapa KecfiaXrj, (tv vapeX.dwv aOpocov Karr}- 
 70/3et9, o t/? oiiK av e^pi^e iToi,rjaai twv aXkiov ; 
 38. a. Tots fiev tolvvv aWoi^ airaaiv aydprniroos opS) Tolt; 
 Kpivofievois, Si dvSpe'i BiKaa^ral, ev fiev rj Svo ovTa raSt- 
 KT]/j,aTa a KaTr}yopelTai, X0701;? Be a<p66vovs toiovtov<; 
 virdpypvja'i "riq vficov ifioi ri crvvoiBe toiovtov ; rig 
 vjjLwv ifie Tav6 ecopuKe TroiovvTa ; ovk eariv, aW' ovtou 
 Si' e')(6pav KarayjrevBovTal fiov, Karay^ evBn fj.aprvpn v fj.ai/^ 
 
 f. el Sh ijifi. "But if, althougli you did nothing of the kind, some per- 
 sons concocted the lie against you, and the rest of the soldiers did not 
 censure them but exulted over you, it is plain that from the rest of your life 
 you seemed to them worthy to have such slanders laid to your charge." 
 aWmii uiu ejiis is a singular paraphrase for -rod Xotvov piov ; an, of course, by 
 attraction for a. 
 
 g. oTi lari \vTrri(Tei9. "By what behaviour you will spare annoyance to 
 others." IJuttmann has restored the future, not the subj. aor. KunriaT/v 
 would not violate the rules of construction. 
 
 TO or). So Lys. ^Epitaph, p. 92. t^ 6k fieyivTov aym-elov tov irXriQovi, 
 i'^ov yap K. T. X. This TO 06 takes the place of the more common S oe, on 
 which see 2. b. note. It is best to look at the phrase as standing in apposi- 
 tion to the sentence it precedes. (Buttm.) 
 
 idpomii. The emphasis is on this word : Any other citizen (according to 
 Demosthenes) " viould have shuddered" to accuse such a number of men at 
 once. ■n-apeXbuiii is the technical expression for ' coming forward' to speak ia 
 the assembly. Thucyd. v. 45, and passim. 
 
 38. a. a KaTnyop, " The offences laid to their charge are only one or 
 two," whereas their arguments from previous good character are infinite. 
 Buttmann prefers this reading to KaTr\yopovirTai, because KUTiiyopelu governs 
 an accusative of the charge, but not of the person. See § 24. h. note on 
 Kayr)yopuiV. 
 
§ 38-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 87 
 
 Ta_TOiavTa^ rovrtp S' a5 Tavavria Tovrmv. "n-dvras yap b. 
 f/iS? elBivai vofjuLtfo top rpoirov koI ttjv aaiXyeiav koI 
 rrjv inreprj4>avlav tov ^lov, koX TraXai Oav/jud^eiv eviov<s 
 oifiai (ov avToij^ uev icracrii/, ovk aKTjKoaai, Se vvv ifiov. _ 
 TToWov? S| T&v ire'TTOvdoTrnv ovBe irdvff oaa rjSiKrjvTai, 
 fiapTupeiv eOeXovras opa, rrjv j3Lav koX ttjv (juXoTrpay/MO- 
 crvvTjv op&vras ttjv tovtov koI ttjv d^opumv, rjTrep lavvpov 
 •Koiei Kal <f>o^epbv tov Kardinva'Tov tovtovL to yap iir' c. 
 i^ovcria'i Kal ttKovtov Trovrjpov elvai kuX v^pi<nr]v Tei'^ps 
 60-Tt 7rpo9 TO firjSev av avTov i^ iirihpofjbri'; iraOelv, eireX 
 7repiaipe6el<; ovtos to, ovra laeo^ fiev ovk av v^pi^oi, el 
 S' dpa, i\dTTOvo<; a^to? ecrat tov fitKpoTaTov irap' vfuv ■ 
 560 fiaTTjv yap \oihoprj<TeTai Kal ^orjcreTai, BiKrjv B', av 
 
 tA ToiavTa. The orator's favourite formula for summing a long series. 
 With the next sentence we supply ipm Sura. 
 
 b. Baviiileiv is very often* constructed thus with a genitive of the thing 
 wondered at. Thucyd. iii. 38. Isoor. 27. B. "Have been a long while 
 amazed at actions of his, which they know of themselves, but have not 
 heard me mention now." Either 'anvazed at Midias' arrogance,' or else 
 ' amazed at my not alluding to the said atrocities.' 
 
 <j)i\oirpayfio<r. Here "litigiousness," derived from that sense of irpay- 
 /lara which refers to " legal annoyance." In general <jti\oirpdyfiioi> implies 
 a busy, contentious, meddling fellow, like iroXtnrpaynioii. 
 
 opZin-as. Taylor's conjecture is SppmSovvTa^, the former being peculiarly 
 awkward from the close proximity of opH : one edition reads SeSioTut, sup- 
 posed to be only a gloss on oppioS. 
 
 &<t>opnfiv, from its sense of "starting point," comes to mean (i) cause, 
 (2) material instrument, § 26. e. In the Pro Phormione, 947, 20, it signifies 
 " capital," which is the implied meaning here. ^ 
 
 c. TO yip kir i^. "For being a rogue and a rufSan, with («•»■!, Madv. 
 § 73. 3. e.) power and wealth to boot, is a bulwark to save a person, from 
 suffering anything himself by a sudden attack." eiri.Spop.ii, to keep up the 
 metaphor of tcTxos ; the simple construction oiSiv au aiiTos irdtrxoi. is 
 varied by the precedence of ■wpot to. 
 
 el S* &pa. Supply irepiaipeQeli Ta oirra opw^ v^plaei. If he does shew 
 
 insolence after your sentence and fine have stripped him of all his wealth, 
 he will be too insignificant to attend to. 
 
 6X.dTToi;os. Genitive of price "of less importance," i.e. "more insigni- 
 ficant." p.LKpoTdTov, gen. after a comparative. Madv. § 64, 65. 
 
88 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 38. 
 
 d. aa-eXyalvrj ri, tow aWoisj^juv i^ 'icrov Saxrei. vvv h\ 
 — olfjiai, rovTOV Trpo^e^XTjTai JJoXvevKToi;, TbiioKpaTq^, 
 
 EvKT'^ficov 6 Koviopros' TotovTol Tives elat /j,ia6ocj>opoi 
 ^irepl aviov, koX 7rpo<i eji ejepot rpvrois, fiaprvpav 
 
 (Tvvec7T&aa eTMpela, <f>avepQ)s ;j,ev ovk evo'xKovvraiv 
 ^ vjjJiv, cri/yfj Se to. -v^euS^ Pf'^'^' eirbvevovraiv. ovs fik 
 
 Tov<; ^6ou? ovBev mj>eXel<T6ai vofil^co irapa tovtov ' dXXa 
 ~Beivoi Tives elaiv, & avSpe<i 'AOrjvawi, (^OelpeaOai tt/jo? 
 
 e. Toil? irXovalovi Kol Tvapelvai, koX fiapTvpeiv. irdvTa he 
 TavT, olfiai, (po^epd ecrn t&v dXXaJv vficov eKdaTm, Ka6' 
 eavTOV OTTto? Svvarat ^SyVTi. oiiirep eveKa a-vXXejeade 
 
 eg imv. "Just like all the rest of us," lie will be properly punished for 
 any of his misdemeanours. 
 
 d. ■Kpofiefi\r\vraL. The Passive verb has in this passage the sense of 
 iiieri, not to be confounded with the technical use of the Middle, § 1. a. : but 
 implying "to be put in front as a shield," the object protected coming in the 
 genitive. I can find no exact parallel to this expression: TrpoPaXKeaS ai 
 6\3cWa,(midd. voice) means "to shelter oneself under hope," JJem. 2^72311 
 wEioEis analogous. 
 
 IIoXueuKTos. A great friend of Demosthenes on other occasions, FMUpp. 
 III. 29. The orator's speech against Timocrates is extant : Euctemon, § 28. b. 
 
 TouTois is governed by irpd^. A curious instance of interval between a 
 preposition and its case. 
 
 o-ui/eiTTracra. "A confederate cabal:" on hoyX., see § 2.b. 
 
 eirwevovToiv. XJlpian says, "these hired advocates would look at the 
 jury with a nod and a wink when the defendant is speaking in his own ex- 
 cuse." kTTi&eiKv. i^riS. i\. elvai render " without opening their lips they find 
 no difficulty in assenting to falsehoods by signs." 
 
 ux^eXelo-eai, i. e. they will really get nothing out of him in the way of 
 payment ; but they are fond of paymg attention to wealthy persons, in order 
 to cultivate intimacy with them, &o. iiivii, with the infin. = " a wonderful 
 hand at" doing anything, is almost too common to need illustration. .Sisch. 
 Fr. 59, &c, 4>Qelpea9ai,iQ go (with a plague on them !) after the opulent:" 
 Buttmann translates Se applicare, semper adesse divitibus: like our ex- 
 pression "the devil possesses them to go " See Aristoph. .Ecc.^iS. 
 
 ippeiv is used in precisely the same sense. 
 
 e. Kad' eavTov. " Living by himself as best he can," i. e. depending only 
 on himself for support at critical periods, as contrasted with wealthier 
 citizens, who always had many to aid and abet them. 
 
 avSXejeade. "Ye assemble together (in the ecolesia, law courts, &c.) 
 that ye may by thus combining be superior to each of these persons, to whom 
 
§§ 3^> 39-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 89 
 
 v/ieK, 'iva, SiV Ka6' eva iarlv eiccuyTos vfiav iKdrrav rj 
 ^t'Xot? rj Tols oti(Tti> rj twv aXXcov Tivl, tovtcov (r vWe- ^ 
 ■yez/Te? eKoa-Tov icpeiTTOvj__js^_j^jrfm]a-^e_^ koI Tsavrfre rrjv 
 v^piv. 
 
 Td')(a Toivvv Kal rot,ovT6<; rt? rj^et -Trpbs vfia'i \6yo<i, 39. a. 
 "ri Sf) rk Kal ra ireirovOws 6 Selva ovk eKafi^ave Blktjv 
 Trap efiov ; rj n or) ttoaiv aWov law; nva tcov 
 rj^iKrjiJbivwv ovofid^cov. iyci) Be St a? /ley irpo^daeii \), 
 eKaaros a<j)la-TaTai rov ^orjOeiv airm 'irdvTa<i vfia^ elBivat % 
 vofil^fo • Kal yap dff'^o'Kla Kal dirpayfiocrvvq Kal to fit) 
 Bvvaa-Oai, Xeyeiv Kal diropia Kal fivpi' iffrlv atria ' irpoa- 
 rjKeiv fiivToi TOVTq) jMr} ravra Xiyeiv ■^yovfi,ai vvvl, dXK' 
 u>s ov TreirolijKi ri tovtcov mv avrov KUTTjyaprjKa StSdcTKeiv, 
 iav Be fif] Bvvrjrai, Biab Tavr' awoXaiXevat ttoXv fiaXXov. 
 el yap TrjXiKOVTO^ t[<; iartv Sicrre Toiavra iroiuv BvvaaOai e. 
 Kaff eva eKaarov rjiMav diroo'repeiv tov Blkt]^ irap' avrov 
 561 Tvyelv, Koivy vvv, eTreiBrjirep eiXTjTTTac, iraaiv virep amdv- 
 Twv earl TijJbtoprjreo'i tos KOivo<s ij(dpbs ry iroXi/reia. 
 
 individually each of you is inferior, either in friends, or property, or any- 
 thing else." The 2nd Aor. Pass. avKXey^vai is particularly used in this 
 sense of assembling or co-operating, Herod, i. 81. The datives are those 
 of oiroumstanoe and appurtenance, Madv. § 39. 
 
 39. a. Ti Sn. " ' Why did So-and-So, who was treated in such-and-such 
 
 a way, never demand satisfaction from me?' or 'Why ' naming 
 
 again, perhaps, some other individual of his victims." The second question 
 would be precisely to the same eflect as the first, only the name of the 
 iiyured party would be different: for brevity the orator only utters the 
 simple interrogative, leaving the rest to be supplied by the mind of his 
 hearer. tA km Ti is a favourite idiom of Kndar, see Olymp. il. 53. Pyth, ' 
 V. 51, Til. 22 : it is also common in Demosth. and the later Attic. The 
 argument was introduced at § 36. e. 
 
 b. i-Trpaynoaimi. The opposite of (piKoirfiayfioirivri, J 38. b, 
 
 Xe'yeu/. That is, " unable to plead his own cause," no orator, as Demos- 
 thenes is. 
 
 Toirto, i. e.' "the defendant," Midias. 
 
 Bid. TauTo, i, e, &*■&■ Td fiijSepa SiKriv •jrap' avrov elX^tpivai, 
 
 c. Had' em. See § 5. d. The genitive V™" might, however, here be 
 taken to depend on 'eicaaTov only, xaff 'iva being merely adverbial. 
 
 irdcriv. Dative of the agent : " Now, when he has been caught, he must be 
 punished with a common vengeance, by all of you, on behalf of aU of you." 
 
 N 
 
90 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 39,40. 
 
 d. AeyeTai toIvvv irork iv rf) vroXet, Kara rrjv irdXaiav 
 
 1 exeiVTjv euSaifiovCav 'AXKi^idSr]'; lyeveaOai,, w aKeyjra(jde, 
 
 \ti,vq)v eiiepyecnwv v'lrap'^^pva-cov km ttoIoiv rivSiv •7rp6<; tov 
 
 \Br]/Mov, •wSi'; e'xpijcravd' iifiuv oi irpo'^ovoi,, iireiBrj ySSeXupo? 
 
 C- e. Koi v^piarrj<; wero helv ety ab. KOi ov/c aireiKaaai hrjirov 
 
 MeiSiav 'AXKt^idSrj l3ov\6fi€vo<; tovtov f/,efjtVT]/Mat tov 
 
 Xoyov, ov-^ ovTws elfil a<f>pa)v ovS" d'TroTrXrjKTO'; i<ya>, dW 
 
 iV elBiid' vfiels, & dvSpes 'AOrivaioi, koL '^vwQ' oti ovhev 
 
 ovT ecrriv ovt' earai,, ov yevo?, ov ttXovto^, ov Svvafiis, 
 
 n roi'i TToWols vfimv, av v^pi<s Trpocy, Trpoa-^Kei (pepeiv 
 
 -40. a, eKelvo^ ydp, & avSpe<; 'AOr/valoi, Xeyerao Trpo? irarpo<i 
 
 fiev 'AXKf/.eQ)ViBcov elvai [tovtov^ he (f>acnv vtto tcov 
 
 rvpavvav virep tov Bijfiov aTcucrid^ovTa^ eKirecrelv, kov 
 
 d. XeysTai. Greek history in these days was principally traditional, 
 which is his reason for using the word. We may render. History informs 
 Tis that Alcibiades Kved in this city during that period of ancient prosperity," 
 the period of the Peloponnesian war when Athens had reachecf her culmi- 
 nating point. The word TraXaio's is an hyperbole, for it could not be more 
 than 63 years since Alcibiades was first exiled. 
 
 Owapxova-mv. This we had better paraphrase : " Consider what services 
 had been rendered by him to the people, and what character of service, and 
 jet how your forefathers treated him." Wapx., as if the a(xx)unt of these 
 services were scored up to his credit : cf § 40. b. thwv, says Buttmanu, is 
 equivalent to 'iroawv, as otherwise it could not be coupled with xal Troiuv. 
 
 e. iireiKacrat. " To compare," i. e. to represent Midias as an equally 
 ■distinguished man. 
 
 iiroTrXjjKTos. " So crazed." Same word in the speech against Fhormio, 
 312, 10. 
 
 ipipeiv. "To put up with, if accompanied by insolence," the neuter 
 relative S is used, as the antecedents are neuter in sense, though of various 
 genders in form. 3.v vPpK ij was the old reading, whence Jieiske conjectured 
 <Ji/ ippiari. The reading irpoay is confirmed by the twin passage, § 47. h. 
 
 40. a. ' A\Kp.emvi&wv. According to Andocides and Plutarch it was on 
 the mother's side Alcibiades was connected with the Alcmeonids, and 
 Hipponicus was the name of his wife Hipparete's father. In the Alcih. i. of 
 Plate, p. 121, he traces his descent to Eurysaces son of Ajax, through his 
 father Clinias : and his maternal grandfather was Megacles, the head of the 
 Alcmseonid family, on whose doings see Herodotus v. 62, &o. Buttmanu 
 attributes the incorrectness of Demosthenes' statement, on this point, to the 
 fact that we have only the rough draft of the oration he intended to deliver. 
 irpii is common in tins meaning "on the side of" genealogically. Cf. Soph. 
 Ajax, 1305, &c. 
 
 tivi Tupiuvav. "Were expelled by the tyrants when heading a revolution 
 
§ 40-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 91 
 
 Saveiaa/iivov; '^prijiar eye AeX^wv iXevdep&aai rf]v 
 iroXiv K-al TOW? UeicriaTpaTov TratSa? iK/3aXe'iv), Trpos Se 
 fiTjTpo^ 'Ittttovikov koX TavTrjs rfji olKLUf, ^s virdpxova-t 
 TToWat Kai /ieyaXcu Trpos top Brjfiov evepyea-lai. ov b. 
 fiovov Se ravd^ virrjp'yev aiiTm) aXKa kuI aiiros virlp tov 
 Sij/J.ov 0€/M€Vo<i ja OTrXa Bis jiev iv Sd/jnp, Tplrov B' ev 
 avTTJ ry TToXet, tw cra)//,aTi, Trjv eiivoiav, ov 'X^prj/jLaatv ovBe 
 Xoyois eveBei^aro Trj iraTpiBu. en Be 'Lirtraiv ^ OXvpnriaaiv 
 ar^&ve<i VTrrjp'Xpv avra Kal t/Ikm, koI o'TpaTrjjo'; dpta-ro's, 
 Kai Xeyeiv iBoKet irdvraiv, &s- (fiaaiv, eivad BeivoTaTO^, 
 
 on behalf of the Democracy." The story of the despotism and fall of the 
 Pisistradids is related by Herod, v. 62—65, as also the proceedings at Delphi 
 of the Alcmeonids ; though he represents them to ha^e bribed the priestess 
 there, instead of borrowing money, as the orator says. 
 
 'IiriroviKov. There were several persons of this name, one an intimate 
 friend of Solon's, who combined with him to model the Athenian con- 
 stitution. Dinomaohe, the mother of Aloibiades, . may possibly have been 
 descended from some remote connexion of this Hipponicus. It cannot be 
 the father-in-law of Alcibiades who is intended! (Sjjalding.) 
 
 ifs. " Which has the credit of many remarkable obligations conferred on 
 the people." So virapxovauiv at § 39. d^ The genitive jT' stands by at- 
 traction for the normal dative which should follow uirTJpxev. 
 
 h. Befievm. " Having taken arms," Herod, v. 74 Different id the sense cs^ 
 of this expression in Thucyd. IV. 44, vii. Sj. &o., "to pile arms," i. e. to 
 encamp, or remain stationary. V3*^ *^ V^ ^i^JjU*^ 
 
 Sojuw. It was at Samos the Athenian army, headed by Thrasybulus and 
 Thrasyllus, insisted on the recall of Aloibiades from exile, 4H B.e. He 
 remained abroad with those forces for four years, and under his command 
 they captured Cyzicus, Chaloedoti, Selymbria, and Byzantium. On his 
 return to Athens he escorted the mystic procession to Eleusis, that annual 
 ceremony which had been intermitted (through fear of the Spartans) ever 
 since the occupation of Decelea. To his conduct of the procession reference 
 is made by the words eu aurgi tj •jroXei, Eleusis being a deme of the tribe 
 Hippothobntis, on the road from Athens to the Isthmus. Xen. Sell. l. 4. 
 §13-20. Plut.^c. 33. 
 
 Tw adinari. " By the hazard of his Ufe." Datives of the means : 
 Madv. § 39. 
 
 'lirirmv iywues. "Chariot races at the Olympic games." In the 89th 
 Olymp. (419 B.C.) he contended with seven chariots m the same race, and 
 gained the first, second, and fourth prizes. 
 
 XeyeiK belongs, of course, to SewoTaros, From the words ffls (paaiv it has 
 been argued that there were no written speeches of Alcibiades at this time 
 extant. But probably this expression is only like Xiye-rai., § 39. d. 
 
93 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 40. 
 
 c. aXX' §/ia)s ol icai' iiceivov vfiirepot Trpoyovoi, ovSevos 562 
 rovrwv aiiTW ax/ve')(wpriaav v^pC^eiv axnov<;, aXKa TToirj- 
 oravTes ^vydBa e^i^aXov, koX AuKeSaifiovieov ovtcov 
 l(r')(vpS)v Tore Koi AeKeKeuiv eavTo2<; iTriTeiyiaOriVM koX 
 Ta? vav^ aXwvab koI •jravra virkfieivav, oriovv aKovre'; 
 iraQeiv KoXKiov elvat, vofiC^ovref rj eKovres v^pl^eadai 
 
 d. avy)(^cop7Jaai. Kavroi rl toctovtov eKelvos ii^picrev, rfhlKov 
 ovTO<; vvv e^eXrfKeyKTai ; Tavpeav inara^e j^op^jyovra 
 iTrl Kopprif. eara ravra, aXKa 'XppTj'yoiv ye 'XppTjyovvri/a 
 Tovr' iiroirjaev, oimco rovSe tov vofiov irapajBaivatv ' oii 
 yap eKeiTO Tree, elp^ev 'AydOap^ov tov ypacjsea • koI yap 
 ravra \iyovcrlv. XajSoov ye tt •nXrjfj.fieXovvTa, aJ? (f)aatv, 
 
 e. OTrep oiiS' ovecZi^eiv a^iov. Tov<i 'Epfia<i "TrepieKOTrTev. 
 
 kot' cKeTvov. " In his (Alcibiades') day." BuUmami prefers to retain 
 t6i> -ypovov, which would he translated "at that period." 
 
 a-vvex^pva"- "For none of these reasons did they allow him to insult 
 them." In § 44. a. we find a-vyx. constructed with an accus. of the thing, 
 and gen. of tte°e!riSse. Here a dative of the person is added. 
 
 iroi-na-avTes. This Seems redundant, with i^i^akov immediately following : 
 a various reading is to insert a-rijiov Kal before tpvydSa. Spalding is m 
 favour of omitting the word altogether. 
 
 AeKeXetav. The frontier fortress between Attica and Boeotia, about 
 120 stadia from Athens, which Alcibiades persuaded the Spartans to occupy 
 in order to harass the Athenians, who would be thus exposed to the constant 
 ■v/forays of an enemy on their own soil. Thucvd. Til. 18 — 20 . The point of 
 eTriTeix^aSijvaL is, that the fort was occupiea to the annoyance of Attica, 
 and so as to command their country. Thucyd. 1. 143, &o. In Dem. 99, 2, it 
 is metaphorical. 
 
 &KovTei. They could not help their enemies inflicting damage upon 
 them, but their submitting to private insult or not was at their own option. 
 
 d. Tavpeav. A parallel case to that of Demosthenes, except that 
 Alcibiades appears to have been uninfluenced by malice as Midias was. The 
 umpires, on that occasion, gave the prize to Alcibiades, either from fear or 
 favour, in spite of the displeasure felt by the audience at his insolence. 
 (Andocides.) eo-Tw, " Granted !" 
 
 elpgew. " He imprisoned Agatharchus the painter ;" a trick by which he 
 compelled him to paint his (Alcibiades') house and break another engage- 
 ment. Andocides and Plutarch do not mention the excuse Demosthenes 
 suggests. As regards the transgression (Tr\t)ufie\.) Ulpian remarks, 'Aya- 
 6opYos kcpoipcSi] l^vvuiv T^ 'TraWaKLdL tov 'AXklIBlcloov. 
 
 OTrep. This refers to Alcibiades' conduct, not to Agatharchus". 
 
 e. "EpfiSs. Just before the departure of the Athenian forces for Sicily, 
 
§§40j4I-J dbmosthenis midias. 93 
 
 airavTa fiev, oi/iai, raffe^ij/jiaTa tjJ? avTjJ? opjrj^ BIkmop 
 a^iovv • TO S' oXms acpavi^eiv lepa eaS' 6 ti tov KOTneiv 
 oiatpepei; ovkovv oStos e^ehJjKe'^KTai tovto -ttoimv. aVTt,- 
 Owfiev Sr] ris civ kcu rlac ravr' ivSeiKvvfievo^. /irj toIvvv 41. a. 
 vfuv, vpos Tm ftr] koKov, iirjBe de/iiTov vo/jbi^ere, avSpei 
 oiKafTTCu, /w;S' ocnov eTvat tooovtojv avSp&v ovaiv airo- 
 'yovoi';, "TTOVTjpov Kal ^latov Ka\ v^picrrrjv 'Ka^ovaiv 
 avOptoTTOv Kal pLrjZeva firjSafiodev, (7vjyv<ofirj<; rj ^iXav- 
 dprniriaf; rj j^dpiTOf two? a^imcrat,. two's jap eveKa ; 
 Tmi> o-TpaTTjyiav ' d\X' oiiBe KaO' ainov crrpaTioiTr)^ b. 
 OWTO? ovhev6<i ia-r' a^ios, p-i] rl ye t&v dWwv yjefidiv. 
 
 415 B.C., there occurred a mysterious mutilation of many of the " Hermes- 
 busts" whicjh stood in the public streets. The deed was attributed to 
 Alcibiades and his friends; the accusation led to his recall from the 
 command of the army, and his desertion to the Peloponnesian cause. 
 Thucyd. ti. 27, 28, &c. 
 
 TO S' o\(i>9. "Is there any difference between entirely destroying sacred 
 things, atid mutilating the same?" i.e. are not both acts of sacrilege, 
 and therefore to be visited with equal retribution ? On ^0-6' S = eoquid, see 
 Madv. § 102. Buttmann reads lepciv eo-e^ra, but this is only a gloss in the 
 margin of 2. 
 
 obKovv. " Of that (,aaei3rifia), however, the defendant stands convicted." 
 Sc. iipavi^. lepa. There is no need to read raiiTo for toCto, as Buttmann 
 
 suggests. 
 
 ivrSSipev. "Let US Contrast who the defendant is and towards whom he 
 exhibits this conduct," i. e. let us compare his utter worthlessness with 
 Alcibiades' brilliant character ; it is you whom he insults, and you are the 
 descendants of those who punished so severely a far better man. 
 
 41. a. " Believe me, then, that, (descendants as you are of such persons, 
 
 and having got hold of a rascal and a bully, who is a nobody of no family 
 
 whatever,) besides being dishonourable, it would be unlawful and un- 
 righteous for you to account him deserving of pardon." The repetition of 
 the negatives cannot be accomplished in English, being purely idiomatic in 
 the original: eXvai. has to be supplied after koKov and oe/ii-ro'i/, as the sequel 
 indicates. ix.i\h. firiSa/i. A terrcejllius; a man whose existence is so un- 
 important that he is a mere cypher in creation, and whose extraction so 
 obscure that no one can tell where he comes from. Similarly, tis is often 
 used in the sense of " somebody important," quidam. Eur. El. 939, &c. 
 
 b. (TTpa-rriyiZv. "Because of his services as commander? Nay, but the 
 defendant even individually is worth nothing as a soldier, let alone as a 
 leader of others." With fin ti we . puTip ^ y elirm-. ne d^am. Plat. JPolit. 292. 
 "AKpol 'TreTTevTat TotrovT&tr oi)K av yevotvTOj fiv Tt S^^ao-tXets ye. Madv. 
 
 § 212. ,The use of /iij on is exactly analogous. 
 
94 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, [§4^- 
 
 dXXa Twv Xoymv ' ev ots Koivfj fiev ovS^v TrtoTTOr' etTTfli 
 
 djadov, Ka/CM? Be IBia iravra'; avdpa)Trov<i "Keyei,. r^evovs/ 
 
 evsKa VT) Ala ' koX tIs ovk olBev iifi&v ra? a/rr gpprjT ov';, 56a 
 
 ^ axnrep iv^ Tf)a.y(pBia, ray tovtov yovds ; S Bvo evavTico- 
 
 C. Tara avfi^e^rjKev elvai ' fj fiev yap dis aX/r]da)<; (irjTtjp, 
 
 7) TeKovaa avTov, ifKeto'Tov dirdvTwv dvOpwirccv 6t%e vow, 
 
 7] Be BoKovaa kuI viro^aXofievr} iraa&iv ?iv avorjTojdrr] 
 
 yvvaiKoiv. aijfieiov Be ' f) fiev yap direBoro ev6v<: yevo- 
 
 /Mevov, rj B' e^ov amfj ^eXTia •npiaaOai ravTTj^ t?}? 
 
 d. Tifirjs TOVTOV rjyopaaev. KaX yap toc Bid tovto twv ov 
 
 •jrpoa'TjKOVTojv dyadav Kvpw; yeyovws, Kal -rraTplBos Te- 
 
 Tevydis fj vofiois tSiv d'rraaav TroXecov fidXiaT' ooKetcrOai 
 
 BoKel, ovBeva otfiai, Tpoirov (pepeiv ovBe '^pijaOai tovtok 
 
 BvvaTai, dXkd to ti^? (jivaecoi; /Sdp^apov dTiijOws \/cat 
 
 Xoymv. " His orations ?" in the eoclesia and elsewhere. Constructed, as 
 (TTparriyLuiv, in dependence on eVe/co. ^ 
 
 iiro^mToui. " His unmentionable origin, like something in a tragedy:" 
 i. e. his birth was mysterious and horrible enough to have suggested the plot 
 for a tragedy {e.g. incestuous) : of course this is great exaggeration. \ 
 
 o-un/3i?'j3. elvai. Only a paraphrase for ■yeyove. _ The verb o-u/i/3, can be 
 constructed equally with an infinitive or a participle. Cf. Plato, Sophist. 
 224. D. &c. The &io havn. are his low origin and high position. 
 
 c. wXeiuTov. " Had the most sense of all human beings," because she 
 got rid -of Midias so quickly. exeiK vovv is like the Latin habere cor, 
 Observe the antithesis of yui/aiKwi/ below, the orator uncourteously im- 
 plying, " Folly, thy name is woman !" 
 
 inropaXofihri. " Took him as her suppositious child." Herod. T. 41. 
 >j Plato, Sep. 538. A. &c. 
 
 SrfSoToT "For the one (his real mother) sold him the moment he was 
 born, the other bought him when she might have purcha.sed a better for the 
 price." ejoj/, § 2. a. last note, ti/i^s, Genitiv. Pretii. Madv. § 65. a. 
 
 d. oil irpoa-riKovTwv. " To which he had no right," being only an 
 Athenian, thanks to his adoption, but by birth (according to the orator) an 
 alien : e. g. the child of a slave. 
 
 TeTeuxiis is the Attic form of the Perfect ; others read Ternxnicwi, the Ionic. 
 
 V i/o'/iois. "Which has the reputation of being governed by laws more 
 than any other country." On this use of okeiTai, cf Eur. Hipp. 486, &o. : 
 it is frequent in Plato and Xenophon. Athens was what we should call the 
 most " constitutional" state in Greece. 
 
 tj>epeiv. Supply TouT-a: "to bear his good fortune f with propriety)." 
 obS. Tpoir. is the usual acous. of respect, " in no wise." toutok, i. e. i/o'/uois. 
 
§§ 4^5 42^'] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 95 
 
 ^eow e.')(6pov e\Kei koI ^id^erai, Kal ^avepbv iroiel tols 
 ^yrapavabv axnrep aWoTpiois, oirep eo'Ttv, aiirov ')(^pa)fj,evov. 
 
 Toa-ovTWV Toiwv Kal toiovtwv ovtcov rm ^SeXvpoi e. 
 TOVTO) Koi avatSei S)v /3e^la>T ai, evtoo /jloi irpoaiovre';, & 
 diSpes BtKaaral, twv 'xpfofiivcov aiira), irapaivovvTeis 
 aTraWa<yrjvaL Kal Kad v^e lvai top aywva tovtovI,- iireiSij 
 fie fir] ireidoiev, to? /jukv ov irdKKa Kal Beivh ireiroiqKev 
 ovTo'<s Kab BiKTjv ■fjvnvovv av Sow; BiKaieo<i tS)v ireirpcvy- 
 fievcov, ovK iroXficov X^yeiv, i-jrl ravra 8' d'jrijvTcov cos 
 "rjfkoiKev ijST) Kal Karey^<^i,crTab' Tivo'i rbfirjaebv avTm 
 TrpocrhoKas to BiKacTTripbov ; ovj(^ opas orb trXovreb Kal 
 Tpb'qpap')(ias epel Kal XebTovpjia<s ; a-Koireb Br) fir) tovtoii 
 avrgv i^abT-^crrjTab, Kal iXaTTCo ttoKv rfj iroKeb KaraOels 
 rj ocra aob SbSaab KaTaryeXdarj." eym Be irpSiTOv fiev 43. a. 
 
 'eKKei. "Drags him and drives him on, and makes it clear that he treats 
 the laws that are here (at Athens) as though they had no reference to Mm 
 (which is indeed the fact)." He is an alien and they refer to citizens. Like 
 some half-tamed animal, his innate ferocity does violence to the principles 
 of conduct which edmation has given him. -xpriaSai, generally 'to deal 
 with,' means 'to disobey' in this sentence, while it meant to 'obey' in 
 the preceding. iXXiyrpioii, alienis, referring to other people. 
 
 8. iSu /3e/3imTai. This favourite periphrasis for /Si'os is found also p. 617 
 (end), p. 315, 5, p. 600, 17, &c. ^(uiiivtov, again in the sense of " intimate « 
 acquaintance." Kadv<t>eivat, § 11. f. 
 
 ireiBoisv. The optative implies the frequency of their requests, and this 
 generalization is furthered by the use of H : had it been once only he was 
 asked the sentence would have stood iireiSii fi ouk eireiSow. 
 
 lis fikv oi follow \eyeiv in the order of translation : Midias* friends did 
 not venture to say he was not guilty. . 
 
 iTTvvTaiv. " Had recourse to this argument." So in the Timocrates, 760 
 (end), eiri Tavra iiravraTe, ileference to the ground on which we en- 
 counter our antagonist. 
 
 vSi), i. e. when the S^/ios voted against him at the first hearing of the 
 Probole, § 1. b. The argument is this, "Midias has been already eon- 
 demned; it only remains to sentence him." 
 
 TiKos Tiimaew. "What damages will the court give against him?" 
 Supply i'uinv, on which the genitive will depend, arid then the dative 
 becomes the natural case for the person. 
 
 kpii. "He will talk of" all he has done for the state, and claim to be 
 held scatheless in consideration of his services. 
 
 TouToie. " Beg himself off thereby." Dative of the means. 
 
 iWoio-t. " Ofifers." This sense is as early as II. ix. 519.' 
 
 KarayeXiSffp ia not unfrequently thus used without the object of ridi- 
 
96 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§42- 
 
 ^ ovBev a/yevves vfiwy KararfiP/vaarKm, ovB' viroXafi^dvco 564 
 ri/MTjaeiv oiiSevbs eKdTTOvo<; tovtw rj oaov KaraSels ovToii 
 •jravcreTai rijs v/Bpewf ' tovto B' earl fiaXiaTa fiev vava.- 
 
 1). T09, el 8e jjJri, iravra to, ovra ajieXecOai. eireid' VTrep 
 Twv Tovrov XeiTovpyiwv ical rptrjpap'x^MV koI twv toiov- 
 Twv Xoyeov <hSl ryiiyvaiaica). el fiev ecrriv, w avope<s 
 'Adtjvaloi, TO XeiTovp^eXv tovto, to iv vfuv \eyeiv ev 
 dirdaai'; Tats eKKK7)criais koX iravTaxov " r^ixeis ol A.et- 
 TovpjovvTes, rjjjjels ol Trpoeia^epovTes v/uv, rjfiets oi 
 "TrXovcriol icrfiev," el ro to, Toiavra Xeyeov, tovt ecTTi 
 'KeiTovp'ye'iv, o/ioXoyS) MeiSiav diravTCOv t&v iv t§ iroXet 
 XafiTrpoTaTov fyeyevfjaOai ' dirojcvalei yap drjhl,a hrjirov 
 Kal dvaiaOtjcrla KaO' e/cdaTriv Trjv eKKXTjatav TavTa 
 
 Gule being expressed. In such a case, according to Buttmann, it iniplies 
 laughing at the whole concern, not merely at the individual outwitted. 
 Xenoph. Anab. II. 4, 4. eviKw^ev tiiv ^aatXetai Sui/ufiLi/ eirl -rats dupait 
 aiiTov, Kul KaTayeXdaavTCS &'7rv^Go/j.ev. 
 
 42. a. KaTayiyvuiuKiti. " I cannot think anything mean of you." § 2. c, 
 first note. 
 
 otTov KaTaSsls. " By payment of which he will at last be checked in his 
 career of insolence." By ovrwa-l standing after the participle and before the 
 principal verb, it is marked with emphasis that the principal action takes 
 place only through, or not until after, the action expressed by the participle. 
 So eiTa, TOTS, eiTEiTa, and the like. Madv. § 175. 
 
 iid\i<TTa fieu implies the most desirable course: el Sk iih, the next best 
 alternative. Stalb. Plato Rep. 461. c. "We can paraphrase here, " if not 
 death, at any rate confiscation." 
 
 b. w5i yiyv. " This is my opinion." Ilircp for irepl, as before, § 9. b., &c. 
 
 61/ li/xTv. Coram vobis. Midias took care to allttde to his state services 
 on all public occasions, but was not so particular about fulfilling them. 
 
 irpoeca-tpepovTet. Tor the regular payment of the elircpopi (property tax 
 in time of war) the ten tribes each appointed 120 of their wealthier citizens, 
 who were subdivided into two orvp.fiopiai. ^classes), one richer, the other 
 poorer. Thus in the whole of Attica there were 1200 TrXouo-iot subdivided 
 into 20 a-u/jL/iopiai, and also (according to TJlpian) into four classes of 300 
 each. In case of urgent necessity, the first class (ol irXouo-ioi, the wealthy 
 par excellence, or fiyeixove^ avuiiopiHv) paid up the amount out of their own 
 pocket, and then collected it afterwards from the less opulent members ; this 
 was called ir/soeio-c^epeu/, " to advance the tax." See the orator^s speech De 
 Symmoriis, c. Polych. 1208, c. Phcenipp. 146, &o. 
 
 iiroKvaiei. Aristoph. JHcol. 1807. "He annoys us by the disgust (of 
 hearing him) and by his want of tact in talking about these services at 
 every ecclesia." 
 
§ 42-] DEilOSTHENlS MIDIAS. 97 
 
 Xiycov. el fiivToi rl ttot' iffrlv a Xeirovpyei Ty dX-rjdeia c. 
 Bel (TKOirelv, ija> irpos vfj,a<; epm. Kol Qedaairde <a? 
 StKaiws avrov e^eTaaco, •jrpo<; ifiavTov KpLvmv. oiro^, 
 & dvBpes 'Adrivaloi, yeyovms ery ire£l TvevTi^KOvTa iacog 
 ^ fiiKpov eKanov, ovhev e/Mov TrXelovs Xeirovpyiwi vfuv 
 XeXeiToupyrjKev, qs Bvo koI rpidicovra eri] y ey ova. KayaA' 
 /lev Kar' eKeivovs rov^ j^povov; eTpi/qpdp'Xpvv, evOvii eK\ 
 iralBcov i^eXOav, ore a-vvSvo ^fiev ol rpirjpap'xpt Koi 
 TavaXoi/jLaTa iravTa ex rtop tSi,(ov iSaTTfiv&fiev Koi ra? 
 vav'i eTrXripovfieO' avroi' ovto's hi, ore fiev Kara ravTrjv 
 TTjv ffXiKiav ?iv rjv eym vvv, oiheirca Xenovpyeiv fipxero, 
 Tr)viicavTa Be tov Trpd/yfiaTos ■^iTTai, ore Trparov /jievi 
 
 c. TV AXiSei?. The usual periphrasis for i\t)9a>f: "What services in the 
 world he really does perform." 
 
 wpis inavT. "Comparing him (as liturgist) with myself;" him, a man 
 of large means who does next to nothing ; myself, a man of small means 
 who does a great deal. 
 
 d. eK iralSmv. " Directly I came of age," parenthetic. ' At the age of 
 18 every Athenian became an ephebus, and, after two years, was enrolled 
 among the men (iinif elvai SoKifiaaOeU) so that he could be present and 
 vote at the assemblies. The SoKifiaata was an examination of his parentage, 
 real or adoptive, and his physical qualification for managing his own pro- 
 perty. See Dem. o. Aphob. 857, c. Onet. 865, &o.' Smith JD. A. p. 419. 
 
 aivSvo. § 23. f. last note. After iSi'mv, the ordinary text gives oIkwv ; but 
 it is better to omit the word, and understand -^iprmaTiev. 
 
 , iirXripov/ied'. " Got the vessel manned ourselves," as opposed to having it 
 done by contract, § 23. f. The middle voice is more desirable in that sense 
 than the ordinary reading. (Buttm.) 
 
 e. fiv. Some editors needlessly insert koB' before this word ; it can be 
 easily supplied from the preceding sentence ; the force of kutcc in such a 
 position IS "about," or "approximately." 
 
 TfivMavra k. t. \. " But he has taken to the business (trierarchy) only 
 at that period since you have made, in the first place, a body of 1200 sub- 
 scribers from whom these persons exact a talent, and then contract for their 
 trierarohies at the cost of a talent, in the second place the state provides 
 crews and supplies tackle." This company of 1200 is not to be confounded 
 with the Symmorise of the Eisphora, § 42. b. : the expenses of each vessel 
 would be snarea between every fifteen or sixteen at most, sometimes even 
 between as few as two or three; the leading members of these amreXeicu, 
 who would be trierarohs probably themselves, collected the expense of the 
 vessel from the other members, and then contracted for the business to be 
 done, or did it themselves, with the subscriptions so received. According to 
 the orator, the whole expense did not exceed the subscriptions: therefore 
 
 o 
 
98 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§42,43. 
 
 BiaKoaiov<; koX 'X^iXlov; ireTroiriKaTe crvvTeXeis vfieh. Trap 
 aiv elairparTOjjLevot ToKavTov raXavTov fjLiadovai ras 
 rpi.ripapx^a'; ovtol, eha "Tj-XrjpdjfiaTa r) 7r6Xi<; irape-xei kol 
 a-Kevr] BiScoai-v, wa-r amoiV ivloK rfi aXr^Oela to /MTjSev 565 
 avaXcoaai koX BoKeip XeXetTOvpyrjKevai koX tuv aXXaiv 
 43. a. XeoTovpyiMV areXet? yeyevrjcrdai irepiea-Tiv. aXXa /mtjv tL 
 dXXo ; TpaytpSoli; Ke')(oprjr^'r]ice Trod' ovto<;, iyw Be av- 
 XrjTals avBpdcn. koI otu tovto to dvdXcofia e'/cetV??? T'^j 
 BawdvT]'; irXeov iarl iroXXw ovSel<; dyvoei Brjivov. Koyco 
 
 ! fiev i6eXovTT]9 vuu, ovros, Be KaTaaTu<s e^ dvTtBoaeco'; 
 
 ' t6t€, ov %apw' ovBefjbiav avTw Bijttov BiKalo)'; dv ris exoi- 
 b. Ti eVty elaTiana ttjv cj)vXr]v eyw Kol Ilavadrjvaioo'; 
 Ke^opi^'yrjKa, ovto<; B' ovBirepa. 'riyefia)v avfifiopia'; vfilv 
 eyevo/xrjv iyco err] BeKa, tcrov ^opfiicovi koI AvcnOeiBrj 
 KoL KaXXaiaxpo) ical roZs nrXovaianaroL';, eicr^epcov ovk 
 diTo inrapXpiiff'T]'; oixria^ (iiiro yap twv eimpoTrayv direa- 
 L TeprjfjLr^v), dXX' diro Trjs B6^T]s^_q)V 6 TraTrjp fioi, KareXnre 
 
 these collectors, he says, paid nothing at all out ot their own pockets, so that 
 "they have the advantage, some of them, of spending nothing in reahty, yet 
 at the same time being reputed to have served the state, and obtaining 
 exemption from other services." 
 
 43. a. irXeoii iroWa. Wolf, Froleg. ad Lept. 9.3, confirms the orator*!? 
 statement as to the expenses of the flute chorus exceeding those of the 
 tragic chorus considerably. 
 
 6ivTiS6(jeui^. See § 23. c, sixth note. 
 
 h. eiai-iaKa. " I have feasted my tribe." That this eo-Ti'airis was one of 
 the liturgies has been already mentioned, § 1. a. note. The entertainer 
 (^ecrTi.&Tuip) was appointed by order of succession with reference to his 
 property. Harpocratiou says that Demosthenes volunteered on this occa- 
 sion. Boohk, F. E. 2nd ed. p. 4.52. 
 
 fiyeixmv. "Chairman of a symmoria:" Spalding maintains there were 
 only two in each tribe, i.e. one to each avixixopia: Bochk considers it an 
 open question whether all the first class (§ 42. b. note on vpoeic-rpep.) were 
 riyefioues, or whether the Aye/io'i/es were only a portion of this class. 
 
 t(yov is the object of eWijiepmv. The men he names were wealthy, no 
 doubt, but they are unknown to history. 
 
 (JTri xjjt oo'J»)s. " From the reputation of what my father left me :" see 
 § 23. c. Demosthenes means, he did not pay these expenses from suras 
 actually in his hands {inrapx. oia.) but from money raised on the expeota- 
 
§ 43-j DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 99 
 
 Kal (ov SiKMov ?jv fjbe SoKifiaade vTa KOfiUrao'Oai. iyoi) a 
 /lev o^v ovrm'i Vfuv irpoa-evi^vey/jLM, MeiBia<s Se ir&s ; 
 ovheira koL Tijfiepov t7Vfifiopla(; rfr^efionv yeyovev, ovSev 
 Tmv "Trarpaxov aTroarepTjdel'; vtt ov8ev6<;, aXKa irapa rov 
 Trarpo'i "TroXKrjv ovalav irapaXa^wv. rt? ovv iariv ij d. 
 XafiTrpoTrjii, fj Tiv6<i ai Xeirovpyiai Kal to, a-ejwa ava/Kja- — 
 fiara ra tovtov; eyai fjuev yap ou^ opw, irXrjv el 
 ravTa Tt? 0ea>pel' oiKCav cpKoS6/Mi]Kev 'EXevcrlvt roauvrrfv ^ 
 ware irauiv eiricrKOTeiv to?? ip tm tottw, Kal ei<; fivtr- 
 Trjpia^ rrjv yvvaiK dyei, Kav aXXoae nroi, ^ovKrjrai, eV* 
 TOW XevKov ^evyov<; too eK 'SiKvwvo'i, Kal T/jet? clkoKov- 
 
 tions of what he would h*ve when his suit against the trustees was settled. 
 Here oiv stands by attractionria both cases for toutoiv S. 
 
 SoKti^aadevTa^ i. e. eh avSpav eyypacp^vru. (of. § 42. d.) If the scrutiny 
 was satisfactory the youns man's name would be enrolled in the X-nl^iapxi-Kov 
 ypa/ifiaTeiov, the register of those who were eligible for state services and 
 offices. 
 
 0. ■yrpoaevtiveyfiai.. " I have behaved myself ; a common meaning of 
 TpocT^ipeirSai. Thuoyd. V. 105, HI. Eur. Ci/cl. 176, &o. 
 
 d. fi \afiwp. He uses the article with this and the two following 
 substantives to imply "those glories which Midias talks of." 
 
 irXrji/ often serves, in this way, as an adversative conjunction ; so 
 •ffXr/y oTt, irKijif offov^ k. t. \. 
 
 'EXeuo-h (§40. b. note Sayuw) was the scene of the Mysteries duuo-Tiipia) 
 in honor of Demeter and Persephone. The great Mysteries were kept 
 annually in the month Boedcomion, both at Athens and Eleusis. The 
 sixth day was the most solemn of all the festival: the statue of Ia(icbus, 
 son of Demeter, was carried along the road to Eleusis with song and 
 revelry; as many as thirty thousand spectators are said to have attended. 
 During the night of the sixth day the initiated (/liuo-Tai) remained at 
 ^Eleusis, and were advanced to the last degree of initiation (^iiroinsia). 
 The lesser Mysteries were held at Agrse on the Ilissus, in honour of Perse- 
 phone alone. 
 
 iiriiTKOTeTv, "to throw into the shade," governs a dative. It is used 
 metaphorically by Aristot. Mhet. 1. 1, 7, in the sense of " obscuring" a man's 
 judgment. 
 
 Kciv aWotre. "And anywhere else he pleases," to hint that his going to 
 the Mysteries was not from religious motives, but from an ostentatious spirit 
 of display. 
 
 e-n-l ToS XevKov. "With his white pair from Sicyon." Jeuyos implies the 
 carriage as well as the horses that draw it : riding in a carriage was con- 
 sidered very effeminate under any circumstances CArist. Tliesm. 811), and in 
 this case the arrogance was more palpable, because Midias might be thought 
 
100 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 43. 
 
 ^0119 fj TeTTapa^ avT09 e'^wi' Sta ttj? ar/opas aq^ei, 
 KVfi^ia Kol pvra Kai (f)iaXas ovofid^wv ovtw^ cotrre tou? 
 
 f. ■Kapuovra'; aKovew. eyai B' 6cra fiev ttj? ^S^a? rpv^rj^ 566 
 evsKU MeiBlas km ireptovaia'; KTarat, ovk olh' 6 n T0V9 
 froXXov'i vfjiwv CD(f)6Xe2' a 8' etraipojjLevot; TovroK v^pi^ei, 
 iirl TToXXoi;? Kol roix; rv^ovra^ Tjfjbwv atpiKvovfieva opa. 
 
 g. ov Bel Br} TO, Toiavra eKaaTore nfiav ovBe Oavfid^eiv 
 vfjud'i, ovBe TTjv (piXoTifilav e« tovtcov Kpiveiv, ej tk 
 olKoBofiel XafiTTpS)'; fj depaTralva^ KeKTTjTai iroXXas rj 
 aK6vr), oX,V 09 ay iv Toinois \afnrpo<; koX ^iXoTifio'i §, 
 &v avaa-i fiireari toi<; 7roXXot9 vfiav • S)v oiiSev evpriaere 
 rovT(p irpoaov. 
 
 to imitate the kings of Sicyoii( who drove pairs of white milles. There was 
 a law of Lycurgus against women driving to Eleusis, in order that the 
 poorer classes might not feel humiliated by their wealthier neighbours. On 
 this use of eiri, see Madv. § 73. 3. «. 
 
 e. trowel " He jostles his way." Cicero calls this per forum volitare, 
 but the Greek word is stronger, a.s it implies pushing aside those who meet 
 him. (Spalding.) Its commonest meaning is to scare birds." Arist. Av. 34. 
 Vesp. 211. 
 
 Kvixfila. § 37. d^ pin-d "drinking horns," called also Kepa-ra ; the word 
 rhytium is used by Martial 11. 3.5. tpiaXr] was in shape Uke a flat saucer, and 
 was probably held on the palm of the hand. Of course Midias' object, in 
 talking of these things so loudly, was to spread the reputation of his wealth 
 and debauchery. 
 
 f. oiiK 0I& b TL. This S Ti is the accusative of respect: the object of 
 olSa is the sentence oVa /ih to iKpeXcT, Sera KT&Tai being itself the subject of 
 iitpeXelj while & i/3(0i^et is the object of opw, and dcpLKvov^eva the predicate 
 of a v^pi'^et. 
 
 Toiis Tvxoi'Tas. "The ordinary run of you." We have already noticed 
 this common use of & -rvxiiiv. 
 
 g. tpiXoTifiiiav. "Do not make it a criterion of honourable ambition 
 that a man builds magnificent houses." Pericles seems rather to have put 
 
 V forward the opposite view in his funeral oration, Thuc. 11. 38. <pi\oTifi. is 
 used in the good sense, as before, (pikonp^eXadui, § 20. a. 
 
 o-KEuti in Buttmann's text is followed by koKA., which is the reading of 
 Codices T (Parisiensis) and Q (Antverpiensis) ; but Koki. seems a weak con- 
 clusion to the sentence. Spalding suggests iroXkh Kai kuKA, as the true 
 reading ; Buttmann suspects -roiKiXa ; in the Cod. August, we find Xapiwpi, 
 and the ordinary reading is voXXd. Most probably o-Keuij stood by itself in 
 the original, and the addition is merely a gloss. 
 
 _os an 5, as a paraphrase for el tis eaTLv. So p. 1151, 1. 13, fi S' aUia 
 TOUT iu-riv, OS &v ap£ri ■irpoTepot Y"/""" HiKwv. Also p. 1368, 1, 16. See 
 Madv. § 195. b. 
 
§ 44-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 101 
 
 'AWa vrj Aia Tpiripr) eTreSaiKev • ravrrjv yap o'S' 44 a. 
 071 dpvXrjcreb, Kal ^rjcrei " iyo) v/uv rpiijpr) eTreScoKa." 
 ovTcoal Srj TTOf^aare. el fiev, & dv^pes 'AdrjvaXoc, <l>iXo- 
 Ttfiiai; ev€Ka Tavrrjv eTreBwKev, ^ irpoarfKei, ra>v toiovtcov 
 ex^tf X^P'"' '''"'^Vv e%6T6 ainm xal diroSoTe, v^pi^eiv Se 
 fi7] o&Te ■ ovSevos yap Trpdyfiajos ov8' epyov tovto X 
 avyyapv^^ov. el Se 8rj Kal Bei\ia9 Kal dvavBpias evSKa 
 heixPriaerat tovto TreiTotrjKOi^, firj irapaKpovaOriTe. ttcos b. 
 oZv eiaecrOe ; 67<» Kal tovto SiBd^oo. eyevovTo eh Ev- 
 ^oiav eTTiSoa-eis Trap' v/uv TrpSyrat ' tovtcov ovk rjv 
 MeiSia<;, aXK' iym, koI arvvTpirjpap'Xps ^v fioi ^iXlyo'i 
 6 NiKoaTpaTov. eTepat heirrepai psrh TavTa eh "0\vv~ 
 6ov • ovhk TovTwv Tjv MetStfl?. KauToi, Tov ye Srj 
 (fnXoTifiov TravTa^pv irpoarJKev i^eTa^eadat. Tpirai, vvv c. 
 
 44. a. 'k\\& nil Aia. " But, forsooth, he presented a trireme." eiri&oaii 
 was the term for voluntary contributions, either in money, arms, or ships : 
 it is not certain whether the volunteer trierarch presented the hull of the 
 vessel, or whether he merely equipped it with tackle and crew. 
 
 flpuXiio-fi, " He will chatter about." Arist. Eq. 348. n-aiTitv, so. vavv. 
 
 oliTOKTt iroivaaTe. " Take it in this way," i. e. look at it in the light I am 
 going to direct you. 
 
 wApaKpouad. "Be not deceived," i.e. by the ostentation of his public 
 liberality, which really arises from such low motives as cowardice and shirk- 
 ing. irap aKpoieLv is, literall £jbxstrike__a scale falsdyfor ^geighjipg. On the ^y 
 sense oTTrapit, in composition, cf.~l§^. a. '7rapS!ypSpaaSar. 
 
 b. K&v avujdei/. § 23. b. 
 
 els ES/3oiai/. This Buboean war, according to Bookh, was B.C. 358, and 
 the Athenians were supporting a party against the other states and against 
 Thebes. Dem. o. Poli/ol. 1218, 14; De Corond, 259, 12; and § 47. b. We 
 have had allusion to another Bubceau war in § 31. f., and § 37. c, when 
 Phocion fought the battle of Tamynse. That was also an occasion for 
 eTTiWo-Eis, which are mentioned here as Tpirai avrai. The second voluntary 
 trierarchy was used for the fleet against Olynthus ; the Olynthian war was 
 still going on at the close of the Buboean war, and this second eviSoais 
 Bockh calculates as late as in the 106th Olympiad, i. e. nearly 353 B.C. 
 
 TouTcjw. A partitive genitive without an expressly governing word. 
 Madv. § 51. V 
 
 avvrpmpapxtK. See § 23. f. /lefiitrduiKOTet. 
 
 egcTdJeo-eai. " The man of public spirit should shew himself to be such 
 on every occasion." The emphasis is on TravTaxou: the same sense of 
 tjerdt at p. 229, 2, Plato, L»gg. 764. A. Also cf. § 36. c. 
 
102 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, [§ 44. 
 
 aiirai lyer^ovaaiv eVtSoo-et? • ivravda eVeSw^e. Trai? ; ev 
 ry ^ovKfi (yir^vofievav einSoa-ecov -jrapcov ovK eVeSt'Sov 567 
 t6t€ • iireiBr) Be iroXiopKeladai tov^ ev Tafivvav^ oTpa~ 
 Ttcora? i^TjyyeWeTO, koX ivavTa^; e^ievai, roiis inroXoiTTOvs 
 iTTTreas, &v eh ovTO'i rjv, irpoe^ovXevaev rj /SovXr), ttjvi- 
 Kavra ^ojB'r]de\<; Tr)V arparelav Tavrrjv et? i-rjv eirtovaav 
 eicKXrjaLav, irplv koX TrpoeSpous KaOi^eadai, irapeXdiov 
 d. e'lrehcdnev- tSj SrjXov, loare /jb7]S' avjeiirelv ainov e'^^eip, 
 OTi Trjv arparelav (peviycov, ov (pLXoro/iia^ rovr eiroiriaev ; 
 Tot9 /jLera ravra ■irpaxdeiaiv inr' avrov. ro /Mev yap 
 irpSirov, a>s ovk iSoKei, Trpolovcr'rjs rf;? eicKXTjcrlas Kal 
 Xoywv 'yiyvofievmv, rrjs rwv linrewv /3or]6eLa? t^Btj Belv, 
 
 0. aCxai, i. e. of which he is speaking at the present time ; they occurred 
 shortly before, if this speech is rightly dated, 353 B.C. 
 
 iTriS6(Teaiv. " When the donations were heinp; made in the senate, 
 though he was present, he offered no donation at the time." Demosthenes 
 insinuates that Midias only gave that trireme to evade 6ommanding the 
 cavalry, as he was appointed to do : therefore, instead of promising it when 
 the others did, he waited till the cavalry were likely to be called out lor 
 service. With iTreSioov, the imperfect in its strictest sense, compare § 24. f., 
 note ediSov, 
 
 Ta/jLuvats. § 37. C. "ApyovpcLv. § 44. b. els ES/3oiai/. 
 
 efriyyeWero. " News was brought." Impersonal. 
 
 irpaeliouXeuc-ev. The element irpo in the word •n-po^oiXevna (senatus- 
 consultum) is due to the fact that the Boule debated on each measure first, 
 and then submitted their decision to the Ecclesia, who might sanction it or 
 not as they pleased ; in this case of Tamynse the Ecclesia reversed the decree 
 of the Boule, and no reinforcements were sent. Translate, "passed a bill." 
 
 rj>opr\^ei<i. " Being afraid of this campaign, at the next assembly, before 
 the Proedri had taken their seats, he came forward and made his donation." 
 The Proedri (§ 3.f. IIicn/Tai/iiis) taking their seats was the sign for business to 
 commence ; Midias was in such haste he hardly waited for them to do so : 
 his haste was due to the prospect of his having to go out with the cavalry at 
 once, unless he made the iiriZoai'i. 
 
 d. Tu. The more Attic form of the interrogative. " How does it be- 
 come plain, even loeyond his powers of denial ?" toIs TrpaxScIo-i, like 
 
 tpL)\.oTip.ia, IS a dative of the means; means of proof, that is. 
 
 wpdLo<itTr\i. "As the ecclesia went on." ckkXijo-. is used here not merely 
 to signify the body of citizens in assembly, but the business they were 
 discussing. ' 
 
 Wt. "There was no immediate need whereas the question of the 
 
 expedition had been given up." A rare use of d-uairiirTetv, derived from its 
 sense of "falling back," "flagging," &o. Thuc. i. 70. Dem. 411, 3. 
 
§ 44> 45-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 103 
 
 aXX' aveireTTTWKei, ra Trjt i^oSov, ovk dvij3aiv€v eTrl 
 rtjv vavv rjv eTriBcoicep, aXXa top fieroiKov i^eTre/jb^Jre i 
 TOP AlyuTTTiov, Ud/KpiXov, avTos Be fievcov ivddBe rot? j 'Vj 
 AiovvaioK BieTrpaTTBTo ravr' i<f>' ols vvvl Kpiverav • I 
 iwetBrj Be o ffTparrjjb^ ^caKiav fieTeire/iTreTO Toiis e'f e. 
 'Apyovpai; Itnrea'i eiri ttjv BtaBoxvV x^cd KareiXTjifro ao- 
 ^i^ofievo<;, Tore 6 BeiXos kuI Kardparo'; ovToal Xnrcbv 
 rrjv ra^iv ravrriv eirl t7)v vavv (jj')(eTo, koX aiv hrirap- 
 "Xelv rj^Lwae Trap' vfilv iTr-rrecov, tovtois ov avve^XOev. 
 el B' ev TT] daXdrrr] aivBvvo'; Tt? rjv, eh ttjv <yr}v Brj- 45. a. 
 Xov on <p%er' av. ov firjv NiKr^paroi; <ye ovtoj? 6 tov 
 NckIoV) 6 dyaiTT)Tbs, 6 a/irais, 6 iravrdTracrtv dadevrjs rm 
 (Tco/xan' ov8' EvKrrjiiwv 6 tov Aialcovos, ov)(^ ovtcdi ' ovB' 
 
 ive^aivev. "Did not go on board to command the vessel he volun- 
 teered to present." This would strictly be his duty as trieraroh, but he 
 - evaded It in his function of hipparch. 
 
 fieToiKov. "The alien." The /uetoikoi formed a medium class between i 
 the do-Toi and the £e'i/oi for they paid a tax (neToiKivv) but had no franchise j 
 or other privileges. We know nothing about this Pamphilus except what / 
 the orator tells us. 
 
 e. iireiSfi Se. "But when Phocion, the general, began sending for the 
 cavalry that had gone home from Argura, to take their turn of service." 
 Eeiske and Butmann agree in giving this sense to tous ej 'Apyovpa^ 
 {§ 37. c.) : Kennedy maintains that the cavalry were at Argura when Phocion 
 sent for them, and that the words t. e. A. can bear no other meaning. 
 
 KaTei'XtjTTTo. "And he (i.e. Midias) had been caught in his trickery." 
 A change of subject which the context indicates. 
 
 XiTTopi/. " Deserted his post, (that of hipparch,) and went off to his vessel" 
 (the trireme he had presented to the state). The orator ingeniously perverts 
 even what was creditable in the conduct of his enemy, by attributing to him 
 motives of which Midias was possibly unconscious : cf. § 44 d. where he 
 blames him on exactly the opposite ground for not commanding his own 
 vessel, as if it were possible for any man to have combined the two offices. 
 
 45. a. NiK?)|0aTO9 ye. The particle ye strongly emphasizes this name, while 
 it is not attached to either of the two which follow : Niceratus was particularly 
 preciious to the state as being the last representative of a good old family : he 
 was an only son (iyaTrtjTos Hom. Od. p. 365. II. X,. 401. Aristot . Jiliet. 1. 7, 41. 
 Plat. Alcih. I. 132, A.), and sine prole (oTrais is far the preferabltt-readipg : if 
 Trals be accepted, it would mean he was still quite a boy). According to 
 calculation of dates, this Niceratus would be the great-grandson of Nicias, 
 the eminent general, whose father's name was Niceratus : the Greek practice 
 of naming a son after his grandfathSr preserved the same name in families 
 through many generations. 
 
 Eu«Ti)/imj/. This person is mentioned again among the next set of wit- 
 nesses ; doubtless well known at the time as a wealthy and patriotic character. 
 
104 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 45. 
 
 EvOvBrifios 6 Tov STparoKXeovi • aW avrwv e/caoTos 
 eKUiv eTTiBoix; rpoijpr] oxjk airiSpa ravTrj ttjv aTpareiav, 
 aWa rrjv fj,ev e-TrlBocnv iv ')(apiro<; jxepei Kol Ba)p€a<; 568 
 
 ~ irapeiy^ov TrXiova-av t^ TroXet, ov B' 6 v6fj,o^ TrpotriraT- 
 Tev, evravda rot? a-cofiaa-iv aiirol Xeirovpyelv r/^lovv. 
 
 b- a\X' ov)(^ 6 'l,'jr'jrap')(p^ MetBias, aSXa ttjv eic twv vo/icov 
 rd^iv \LiTa>v, ov Blktjv 6(j>elX6i Ty •jroXeb Bovvai, tovt' 
 iv evepyeala^ apiO fj.rj<jek /Mepei. xabTOi ttjv Toiawrjv 
 TpiTjpap'x^iav, 0) tt/so? 0€a)v, "Trorepov reXmylav koX irev- 
 T7]Koa-Tr]v KoX XtiroTa^lav koX crTpareias aTroBpaaiv koX 
 
 iweSpa. Commonly of a fugitive slave : " did not shirk this service." 
 uJJuttmann remarks on the emphasis of Tauriji/ ; the service was given to the 
 "Lstate in an hour of the greatest peril, which roused even the weakest to 
 energy. 
 
 iiriSoaiv. It is rather singular to find this word coupled with irXeoviraii, 
 but it obviously implies the vessel which they presented {iireSwKav) -. t?? 
 ■n-oXei is the usual dativus commodi : ttXe. intimates that the ships were in 
 good sailing order. 
 
 if xa/oiTos fUpei. " As a boon and gift :" /lepos in the accusative is often 
 used to denote something external to the subject to which the predicate 
 refers l,as regards.) Madvig, § 31. c. ol TratSes, to trdv /iEjOos, otl du tv)(u)iti 
 Tovro ■Trpajoi/o-i ; and in fxepei with a genitive is a paraphrase for <is with 
 a nom. or ace. Plato, Meji. 424. D. Dem. 23, 14. 37, 4. 
 
 o5. "In the place where,'' i. e. each on board his own vessel. The 
 locative use of the genitive, which appears in the formation of all such 
 
 words as irou^ oirov, K. T. \, 
 
 b. KaLroi. Does his public service look like chicanery and shirking 
 or does it look like honourable ambition ? 
 
 TeXaii/iatt. The general name of reXwi/ai ("tax-farmers") was given to 
 those private citizens who took upon themselves the task of collecting, and 
 who made periodical payments of the taxes {■re\r})to the state. Arist. Mq. 248. 
 Jischiu. 17, 3, &c. A certain amount of profit attached to the office, and it 
 was let by auction to the highest bidder, frequently an alien, as the duty 
 was invidious for a citizen to perform. One of the privileges of a TeXiii/ijs 
 was exemption from military service, and hence the taunt of this passage : 
 Midias served the state, like a tax-farmer, so as to avoid going out on 
 campaigns. 
 
 ■7rei/Tt|KocrT^i/ means the duty of 2 per cent, which was levied on all 
 imports and exports : the collectors of it (irevTriKoaToXoyoi) were only a sub- 
 division of the large body of -reXHuat, and the same remarks apply to their 
 office and privileges. Allusion to the tax is found in Demosth. p. 1353, 941, 
 932, &c. 
 
§ 45-J DEMOSTHfiNIS MIDIAS. 105 
 
 irdvra to. TOiavra dp/wTrei icaXeiv, ^ ^iXorifilav ; ov- 
 Seva yap rpoirov SXKov iv rot? hnrevcnv avTov ot6\^ 
 iroifja-ai, orpaTeicK Svvd/ievo'} ravrrjv evpijKe MeiSia^ 
 Kai,vr)v nnrucrj'i nvd irevTrjKoa-Tijv. xal yap av tovto. c. 
 Tcov aXKeov wrravrcov rwv iiriBovTcov TpiTjdpyeov ira- 
 pa-rrefivovTQ}]/ vfJ.d';, ore Bevp' direTrXeire eK Sfvpwv, 
 fiovo<} oStos ov irapeirefiirev, dW dp.eXrja-a'i vfi&v ya- 
 paKa<; koI ^ocrici^fiaTa Kal dvpmp,ara cas avroy Koi ^vXa 
 el<{ rd epya Ta dpyvpeca eicofii^e, Kal j(p7]/iantrp,b<;, 
 ov XeiTovpyia, yeyovev r) Tpirjpap'xia - tw KaTamTVcna 
 TOVTq>. dWd firjv to? akyjOrj \eym (rvviare fiev rd ttoX- d. 
 Xa TovTcov, o/i<B9 Bk Kal /idprvpa'i vfilv KaXSs. 
 
 MAPTTPES. KXiav Sovvteiis, ' ApiaroKlJns Ilaia- 
 vieiis, IIdfi<piXo<;, NiKrjpaTos ' AxepBova-toi, EvKrij/icov 
 S<}yr]TTio';, Koff ov Kaipov eK STvpav direitSAo^iev Sevpo 
 T^ a-ToX^ iravTl, iTv^op^v rpi/rjpapxpvvre^ Kal avrol 
 
 obSha ykp Tpoirov. "For being unable in any other way to get himself 
 exempt from service with his cavalry brigade, Midias has invented this new 
 sort of cavalry two-per-oentage." This is sufficiently explained by the 
 preceding clauses. 
 
 c. -rapaireinrouraiv. " Convoyed you (the troops) when you sailed back 
 hither from Styra." ' Instead of marching with the cavalry, Midias went to 
 take command of his ship, which had helped to convoy the troops, and was 
 then lying in some port of Euboea, perhaps Chalcis. (e/c XoXkWos, § 37. c.) 
 It was on this occasion he rode on the mule from Argura^ there described. 
 The whole fleet afterwards assembled at Styra, a port of iBuboea to the 8. of 
 Eretria, from which it convoyed the troops on their return to Athens ; while 
 Midias, lingering behind,' brought home the various articles mentioned 
 immediately below.' (Kennedy.) 
 
 xapaxat, k.t.X. "He was bringing home stakes and fatted cattle, and 
 door-frames for his private house, and timber for his sUver works." jSoo-k. Soph. 
 2V. 762, &o. dupda/i. Thuo. III. 68, &o. lis airdv, like the Prenoh cTiez hii, 
 (OS, in its ordinary sense of ' to' a person, ipyip. Furniture inlaid with 
 silver was common at Athens even in Aristophanes' time: Midias was, 
 perhaps, bringing home some quaint wood for the purpose. 
 
 X/Jij/iiaTto-jixos. "A profitable speculation." Isocr. 37. B. 
 
 d. Tla/i<j)iKot, unlike the other witnesses, has not the name of his deme 
 added : he is, probably, the Egyptian mejitioned at the end of § 41. d., and, 
 as an alien, would not be a member of any deme. Buttmann, however, 
 suggests, that both he and Niceratus were of the same deme, Acherdus, and 
 that the first 'AxepSoiaios after Ila/t^iXo: has dropped out. 
 
 Tw o-To'Xni. Dative of circumstance and appurtenance. Madv. § 45. b. B^ 
 
 p 
 
106 UEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§45,46, 
 
 KoX MetSlas 6 vvv Kptv6fievo<; viro ^rjfioadevov;, a> 
 
 e. fiapTvpov/j,ep. TTttiTo? Be rov gtoKov irXeovrmv ev Ta^ei, 569 
 
 KoX tS)V Tpitjpdp'X^cov i'y^ovTcov Trapar/'yeXfia fir) 'x^copi^eadai, 
 
 ea)? av Bevpo ffaTaTrXevaco/Mev, MeiBlas viroXei^Oel^ rov 
 
 (TToXoV) KoX 'yep,Laa<; rrjv vavv ^vXaiv koX '^apa.Kcov koI 
 
 PoaKr}p,cuTU)v Kol aXKa>v Tiv&v, KareirXevaev el<; Tleipaia 
 
 fj.ovo'; fieff rifikpai Bvo, koI ov avyKaTeaTTjire tov aroKov 
 
 /JLera roiV aXKaiv rpirjpdp'X^cov. 
 
 46. a, ■^' '^olvvv COS aX/r)d5i<;, w dvBpe<; ' AOrfvaioi, dldirep 
 
 — ^rj(76i Koi KaToX a^vevaeTai, stjOo? u/aS? airiKa Brj fidXa, 
 
 TOiavT rjv avrS ra XeTy^iTovpyrjfieva Kal ireTrpar/fiiva, 
 
 Kol piT) roiavTa ola iyo) BeiKviw, ovB' ovrm Sj^ttou to 'ye 
 
 Bovvai BiKTfV wv v^piKev eK<j)vyeiv toI^ Xei.Tovpylais 
 
 h. BiKaio<; av rfv. iyo) jap oiB' on ttoWoI TroXXa KajaOa 
 
 e. irXeovTwv. There is no difficulty, of eourse, in joining this plural 
 number to a substantive like croXou, of plural meaning. 
 
 en Tdfet. "In order of squadron," as is intimated by the context, fiv 
 Xfp'^'C; they had orders not to separate. 
 
 •m}yKaT^a-Tn<re. "Did not eo-operate in bringing the fleet home.'' 
 
 46. a. (is 4X))9ais. " In veiy truth." An elliptical use of (is, where we 
 hasre to supply SOvwrai elpai, or the like: 'true as it can be possibly.' It 
 as the same 'lis which we find with superlatives, as ws fiaXio-Ta, quam 
 maxime, &c. 
 
 KaToka^opsiac^ai. The intensive force of kutu in composition is well 
 known ; perhaps it can be given here by translating "he will boast aloud." 
 If his services had been such as he represents, not even that would have 
 justified his conduct. "We have noticed briefiy, in § 1. a., that the use of av 
 with an aorist indicative in a conditional apodosis requires the insertion of 
 our auxiliary " have." The use of av with the imperfect, under some cir- 
 cumstances, is very similar. Madvig distinguishes thus : Of that which, as 
 it is, does not find a place, but would do so if something opposite were the 
 case, the Imperfect is used : if the conditional result, under the same suppo- 
 sition, belong to the past, the Aorist is used ; but the imperfect is often put, 
 instead of the Aorist, of relations belonging to the past, to denote an abiding 
 state, or a continued series of actions.' Thus el tifiapTes ^X.yijo-os av is 
 simply " had you sinned, you would have grieved ;" but el Ti/idpTaves nXyea 
 av, either " had you been sinning, you would have been grieving," or " had 
 you sinned habitually, you would have grieved constantly." 
 
 oiiS' oiiTo). " Not even under these circumstances, I presume, would he 
 have been entitled by his public services, to escape paying the penalty for the 
 outrage he has committed." Xei-r. is a dative of the means, wv depending on 
 oiKtji/, and by attraction for toutojk d. 
 
§ 46.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 107 
 
 Vfia<} ela-iv elpyacrfjuivoi,, ov Kara t^s MeiSiov Xeirovp- 
 yia<;, ol /j,ev vavfia'x^ia<; vevcKrjKores, ol Se TroXei? etXrj- 
 <j)OTes, ol Be iroXXa xal KoXa virep ■rrj'i •jroXea's crrrjorav- 
 re? rpoiraia ' oKK bfj,(0! ovSevl Trdnrore rovrmv BeScoKare 
 Tr)v Beopeav Tavrrjv ovB' av BoirjTS, e^elvao loiis lBiov<; 
 i'Xdpoiis v^pl^eiv avTwv eKoxTTtp, oiror' av fiovKrjrat kuI 
 w av BvvrjTai Tpoirov. ovSe yap 'ApfMoBi^ koI 'Apiaro^ c. 
 yelTovf TOVTOf; yap Br) jxeyiaTai, BeBovrai Bcopeal nrap' 
 vficav Kal virep fieylaroiv. ovo" av ■^veo'yecrde, el irpoae- 
 ypayjre tis iv rfj arrfKy " i^eivai Be Kal v^pl^eiv avTols 
 
 b. elpyaa-fihoi is usually active in meaning, as here; but often, also, 
 passive, as Eur. Or. 248, Jisch. P. V. 242, &!. 
 
 KUTa. " In the style of." So Plat. Apol. 17, oi Ka-ri toutous piiTup 
 cliii ; a very common usage of this preposition. Madvig, § 70. 
 
 crTnaam-cs. It is obvious that this becomes the technical exprassion for 
 ' winning' a trophy, from the fact that the spoils, &c., of the enemy would be 
 ' erected' on the tree, or post, or whatever it might be that was convenient 
 for the purpose. The general practice, of course, was for the victors to con- 
 struct it on the field of battle, while the vanquished recovered their dead 
 
 under a truce, {vexpoin inroairovBovs AvaLpeZaQat.) 
 
 oiff av ioiryrc. It is easy to see how this expression is stronger than a 
 simple future itltrexE, and yet gives a similar sense = you never would give- 
 it, if anything whatever were to happen. 
 
 k^Avai. This is all epexegetio of Sapeiu, "this grant, viz. that each o£ 
 them have licence to insult his private enemies." 
 
 o'ttot' av. The particle av is annexed to certain relative words and con- 
 junctions of time, to suggest the indefinite pw-ut of time or contingency, in 
 the present or future ; we can best render it in English by the affix -ever,.as- 
 "whoever," " whenever," &c. 
 
 c. 'ApfwSito K. A. Harmodius and Aristogiton, th& murderers of Hip- 
 parchus, most unfairly obtain the napie of patriots and heroes in ancient 
 literature. They slew one of the Pisistratids on account of a private quarrel, 
 B.C. 514, for which act they were themselves put to death: and the con- 
 sequent severity of Hippias, brother to Hipparcnus, led to his expulsion, and 
 the fall of the despotism: Harmodias and Aristogiton, though merely the 
 unconscious agents to this result, appear in poetry and oratory as Liberators 
 of Athens : Thucydides, however, tekes the true view of their conduct in 
 Yi;_o4 ::757, and Herod, yi. 123, is to the same eftect, though not so fully 
 detailect: 
 
 iieyiarcav. After this word Buttmann places a colon and inserts ou 
 UBorai TovTo. The reading is that of one of the Parisian Codices ; but the 
 words are easily supplied from the preceding sentence. 
 
 irpoa:cypa\l/e. " Had appended to the inscription on the pillar, * And that 
 
108 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, [§ 46. 
 
 01' av ^ovXcovTM'" VTrip lyap avrov tovtov ras aXXa? 
 eXa^ov Scopeas, on rovi; v^pL^ovTa<i hravaav. 
 
 d. "Oti roLvvv Koi KeKOfiiarai ')(apiv, w avZpe<; Adrjvatoi, 
 ■Trap' v/u,S)V, oil fiovov av avros 'KekeiTOvpyrjice XeiTovpycojV 
 a^iav {fiiKpa yap avrT} ye Tis rjv), aXKa Kal r&v 570 
 Heyiaroav, Kal tovto ^ovXofiai, Sel^ai, iva firjB' oipeiXeiv 
 
 e. oirjaOe rt, t<5 KarairivaTa tovto). vfiels yap, a avSpef 
 'Adrjvaioi, i'^eiporov^aaTe tovtov ttj^ irapaXov Tafiiav, 
 ovra ToiovTov olos ecrTi, Kol ttoXlv iTnrap'xov, o'^eladai 
 Sia TTJs aiyopds Tals Trofiirais oil Svvdfievov, koI /mvctij- 
 
 they (Harmodius and Aristogiton) have licence also to outrage.' " It was 
 common to inscribe distinguished services on a o-ttiX?) set up in the Agora, 
 or some other public place. Herod. VI. 14. &o. 
 avTov is in apposition to on.. . ..eiiavaav. 
 
 d. He proceeds to enumerate what high ofBoes Midias has enjoyed, far 
 beyond what his services to the state have deserved. 
 
 IxiKpi, i.e. x&pii. "That (return) would have been small indeed," his 
 services were so insignificant. These words were parenthetic, and fieyurTiov, 
 which follows, of course depends on i^iav : Buttmann and Eeiske think that 
 iiv in this passage could not stand without dv, and propose to insert that 
 particle ; but without sufficient cause : ' in speaking of what in a certain 
 case, past or present, would be right, but is not, or was not, done^ the imper- 
 fects expw, 'jrpoa-TJKevj k. t. \., and adjectives with vvj are put without ai/, in 
 order to denote the duty or proper conduct unconditionally. Dem. 9, 6. 
 Thucyd. I. 38. Plat. Apol. 34, &c.' Madv. § 118. 
 
 finSe. This word refers rather to olijo-ee than to 64>e[\eip : that you may 
 not even thini; you owe. 
 
 e. ixeipoTovvcaTe. The Vote by shew of hands (xeipoTovia) was used 
 for election to magistracy in public assemblies, for voting on laws, and 
 public impeachments. All magistrates who were chosen in the assemblies 
 were thence called x"poT<"")'''oi. Two compounds of the verb have been 
 mentioned at § 1. a. irpoOp. ; eirix^ip. is " to confirm by a majority of votes." 
 iLax^i-p. " to vote for one of two alternatives." dvnx'V- " to vote against a 
 proposition." 
 
 TlapaKov. One of the state galleys, Salaminia being the name of the 
 other ; the Paralus was used for sacred embassies {Seapiai), the Salaminia 
 for the arrest of accused persons : the Tapiat, or steward of either, would 
 receive pay from the state, as entrusted, with the duty of keeping the said 
 vessel in good sailing order : it was a high position, and one much coveted. 
 (TJlpian.) 
 
 TOIOVTOV, i. e. such an outrageous character. 
 
 6xei(T6at. "Though he is incapable of riding through the Agora in the 
 processions," a taunt on the badness of his horsemanship : the processions 
 were conducted through the city with great magnificence and crowding of 
 the streets : cf. Plat. Aleib. B. 148. E. 
 
 /iviTTijpioiv. § 43. d. 'EXeiftn?. iepoTroiov. § 32. b. eltrtTripta. 
 
§§ 46, 47-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 109 
 
 pimp e'TTi/ieXrjTrjv xal lepo-rroiov irore Ka\ ^omygv, leal ra 
 Toiavra St;, elra 7rpo9 twj» Oeav to ttjv ttj? <j)Vcj-ecos !• 
 KaKMV Kol oAiavhplav Kal irovrjpiav rais trap' vfjimv 
 ap')(aZs Kal Tt/iai? KaV'xeipoTOVLat.i enravopBovaOab /iiKpav 
 viroXa/i^dve'r' elvat Smpeav koI 'X/ipiv ; kol firjV ei ns 
 avTov ravr' a<j)eXoiTo " linrdpyrfKa, Tfj<; irapoKov ra/Aio? 
 yiyova" TtVos dXKov ear agio's oSro? ; aSXa fi-qv 47.: 
 KUKelvo r^' hriaTaa'de, oti, Trj<s fiev irapaXov Ta/iievcras 
 Kv^iKTjv&v ripiraae irXelv r] Trevre Tokavra, virkp av iva 
 fir) B(p SiKTjv, Trdvra rpoirov •irepimQmv Kal eKavvwv tovs 
 dv6pdyirov<i koX to, crvfi^oka ovyxeav ttjv fiev iroS.iv 
 ixdpdp Ty -TToKet ireirol/qKe, ra ■)(p'i]fjiara 8' airb^ ^X^'j 
 iTTTrapy^ps Se 'xebpoTovrjdels XeKv/iavrai rb hnriKov vfiai/. 
 
 Poaimiv. The duty of this ofiBcer, as his name implies, was to purchase \ 
 cattle for the sacrifices. ' 
 
 f. t6 Tf/v eTravopSovaBai. " That the Tillany of his nature should he 
 
 elevated by the offices he receives from you:" i.e. his naturally bad character 
 dignified by the mere circumstance of his having filled state offices: the 
 words TO . . . .ewaifop. serve as the subject of eii/at, fuKpctv imp. k. x- being 
 the predicate. 
 
 TauTa. "These boasts which he utters, 'I have been hipparoh,'" &c. 
 Strip him of the power of saying these kind of things, and he is worth 
 nothing. 
 
 Tii/os aWov. Two editions insert the obvious answer to this question, 
 ouiei/os, which Buttmann considers would be quite Demosthenic. 
 
 47. a. KuJkiibSi/. During the Social war (B.C. 358.. 355) a dedree was 
 
 Eassed at Athens, that all vessels belonging to the revolting allies should 
 e seized and , confiscated whenever opportunity offered. Midias (while 
 steward of the Paralus) captured a vessel off Cyzicus, a city on the Propontis 
 in Mysia, and confiscated the cargo. The Cyzicenes sent an embassy to 
 demand satisfaction, as they were not one of the disaffected states : in the 
 Eoclesia, Midias strongly opposed their claims, and their property was not 
 restored to them in consequence. Cyzicus thereupon revolted. (Ulpiah.) 
 
 ircpuadmv. "He pushed the men about and worried them" (i.e. the 
 Cyzicenes), his object being to prevent them pleading their cause successfully. 
 
 tA av/i^oXa =: the mutual agreements between the two states for com- 
 mercial purposes. (Harpocr.) Translate: "violating the international 
 compact. 
 
 iroXw iroXet, i. e. Cyzicus to Athens. 
 
 XeXOfiavTat. " He has ruined your cavalry," sc. by the badness of iis 
 military laws. 
 
110 DEMOSTHE.XIS MIDIAS. [§47* 
 
 roiovrovi 0els vo/movs ovs ttoXiv avTO<s e^apvo'; rjv firj 
 I). TedecKevaL. koX rrj^ fikv irapaXov rajjuievaiv Tore, ore 
 TTjv eVl &r]/3aiovs e^oBov et? Ev^oiav eiroieicyO v/ieK, 
 SoySeKa r^? TroXetus ToXavra avaXlaxecv ra-x^Oeh, a^iovv- 
 Tccv v/Ma)v ifKeiv Kal -Trapairefi'Treiv roix; CTpaTMTas ovk 
 i^orjOrjaev, aXX' i]Si] toiv airovBaiv yeyovvLMP, a? AioKXrjs 
 icTTreiaaTo ©ri^aiois, rjKev. koI Tore rjiraro ifXeaiv tcov 
 IBiwTOKMV Tpi,rjpwv iJJbM<; • ovTGj? fiS TT^v lepav Tpirjpr] 
 c. irapea-KevuKei. iTnrap'x^cov roivvv, tl oteaQe toKSm, ; dW 571 
 
 i^apvos riv, like verbs of denying, is constructed with a redundant liv. 
 Madv. § 210. 
 
 b. Ttio i-rrl ettl3aiovt. The date of this is 358 B.C., according to Bockh, 
 F. E. IV. c. 12, 13, though the chronology is partly conjectural. See § 44. b. 
 
 SaiSsKa Ttjs iro'Xews. " Being appointed to expend twelve talents of the 
 pubhc money." Buttmann says this expression is eq^uivalent to SiiSexa ex 
 <r5}v T^s ■TTo'A.ews Ta\., and that dLvaXidKeiv Ta^^ets is the same as et\Tj(^uv 
 in force. 
 
 iJioiii/TMi/. "When you required him to sail :" <5£io'eo has been discussed 
 in § 3. a. 
 
 irapaveiiTT. § 45. c. This would be among the special purposes for which 
 the Paralus was manned. 
 
 iXX' adri, K. T. \. " But it was only after the truce was made, (which 
 Diodes [the Athenian general] entered on with the Thebans,) that Midias 
 came." That airevScaSai will be constructed with a dative i^ obvious when 
 we reflect on its meaning, " to pour libation" to those with whom we are 
 making jjeace. Eur. Bacch. 284. It is rarely we find nae in this force of au 
 Aorist, its general value being that of a Pluperfect : of., however, jEsch. 
 i>. r. 661. Plat. Sep. 327. B. 
 
 Kui TOTS. "And then he was beaten in sailing by one of the private 
 triremes." ISmtik. whereas the Paralus was iepi, and it was his duty as 
 steward to keep her in good sailing order: besides, the state made him a 
 liberal allowance for doing so, while the private triremes were equipped at 
 the expense of their owners. Eeiske's conjecture, to insert ttX^i/ before 
 /jLidi is very ingenious = " he was beaten by all but one." 
 
 c. Iwapxaiv Toimu. Comparing this with the beginning of b., koI t^s 
 /U6K II., we should rather expect oh in place of Toivw; the construction, 
 however, becomes loose through the intervention of that long sentence. 
 " Again, as hipparch : what do you think ot his other proceedings ? why even 
 a horse, a very horse, this brilliant and wealthy person had not the spirit to 
 buy, but he conducted the processions on the horse of another man, Philo- 
 melus of Paeania." This introduction of iXKa is abrupt : by ti oUaBe is 
 meant. What do you fancy his other doings must have been, when I give 
 you this specimen, that his horse was borrowed ? The whole sentence is 
 bitterly ironical, and dWi, like M in Latin, is peculiarly suited to introduce 
 irony. It would be as i^vcrrrip. eiri/ieA.. § 46. e., that Midias had to conduct 
 the procession, and, from the paragraph just cited, it would seem Philomelus' 
 horse was beyond his powers of riding. 
 
§ 47-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. Ill 
 
 iTTTTOv, iTTirov ovK iToXfirjaev 6 Xa/*7r/jo? Kal vrXouo-tos 
 0V70S irpiaadai, aXk' iir' dWorplov ras Trofivas ^yeiro, 
 Tov ^iXofii]\ov rov Ilaiavietd<i "irirov. koI ravra irdvres 
 Xaacnv ol l-mrel';. ical on ravr' aX7}6fi Xiya, KoKei fiot 
 Kal rovToov rov<; /idprvpa^. 
 
 MAPTTPES. . BovKofiai rolvvv ifuv, & avSpes d. 
 A07jvaioi, Kal Stray tjStj Kara')(eiporovrj<TavTos tov hrjftov *. 
 irepl Trjv eoprrjv dBiKelv vfieis KaTeyvcoKare, el-irelv, Kal 
 oei^ai tL 7re7roti;«dTes air&v evtoi tIvo^ opyfjs TeTV)(TJKaai 
 Trap ' vfimv, iva ravra irpoi rn rovrtp "jreirpar/fieva dvri- 
 dfjre. vp&Tov fikv roivvv, 'iva irpmriq'i t^? re'Kevraia<; e. 
 yeyowia<: fiv7ja-0& Karaiyvm(7ew<;, irepl rd /ivari^pia dSi- 
 Kelv EiidvSpov Karexeiporovrjaev o Sfj/jLO<; rov Qeairiew<;, 
 T rpo^akofiiv oy avrov MeviirTTov, Kopo? Ttvo? dvdpdyjrov. t, 
 ecrri 8' d auro? vofio's rmBe rm irepl rS)v Atovvalatv 6 
 irepl Twv fivcTTTjpiav, KdKetvo<s varepoi rovhe eredrf. rii. 
 ovv iroirjcravTOi, & aySpe? ^AOrjvaioi, Kareyeiporovrjaare 
 
 d. BoiXoiua. "Moreover, I wish to mention how many persons you 
 (the HeUsea) have condemned, after the people (the Ecclesia) had voted 
 them guilty of offence against the festival," see § 1. a., "and to shew what 
 some of them had done, and what anger they have met with in con- 
 sequence, at your hands." The interrogative in a participial construction 
 like this, though very elegant in the original, requires to be resolved into 
 two sentences for translation. Madv. § 176. a. 181. a. 
 
 iJwTte^Te. " That ye may contrast their offences with his," i. e. the mild 
 character of their transgressions with the grossness of his outrages. 
 
 e. irpwTJis is predicate, from the position of the article : " that I may 
 mention first the sentence recorded last." K0T071/. refers, of course, to the 
 sentence of the Helisea, Karaxap. to that of the Ecclesia. 
 
 Qeairieiat. Evander was from Thespise in Boeotia, Menippus from Caria, 
 though probably a resident alien: the suit, therefore, was between two 
 foreigners. (Buttm.) 
 
 6 auTos, like o/iotos ttro^, and the like, can govern a dative of the second 
 subject or object. Madv. § 37. E. 2. By ckeIi/os he means the law about the 
 Mysteries, which was of more recent date than the law about the Dionysia. 
 
 f. Ti iroino-oKTos. The same use of the interrogative as in d., just above. 
 
 oTi SiKi)v K.T.\. "Because he had sained a verdict against Menippus 
 in a mercantile suit, and being unable (as he alleged) to arrest him 
 
113 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§47' 
 
 Tov EvdvBpov ; tovt' aKOvaare, on Siicrjv ifiiropiKrjV 
 KarahiKaadjjLevos: tov Mevmirov, ovk e'X^cov irporepov 
 Xa^elv avTov, w? e^rj, rots /ivaTrjpLoi^ i-TTiSijfjuovvTO'i 
 
 g- eVeXci/SeTO. Kare'^etpoTov^a'aTe /jcev Sid Tuvra, koL ovS" 
 OTiovv dXko irpoarjv, eiaekdovra S' ets to 8iKacrTrjpiov 
 ifiovKearde jMev OavdTfp KoXdffai, tov Se irpo^aXo/Mevov 
 TveicrOevTO'i rrjv ZiK<r]V Te irdcrav d^elvat r)vayKd<raTe avTOV, 
 rjv rjprjKei, irpoTepov {fjv Be Bvolv avTrj ToXdvToiv), Koi 
 
 y irpoa-eTifirjaaTe Tas fiXd^as, as i-jrl Ty KaTW)^&£orovoa 572 
 fiivwv eXoyi^ero axnai yeyevrjerdai "Trpos v/xds dvOpanros. 
 
 h. eh ft'h) ovTOf e'f ISiov ij-pdryp.aTO';, ovBe/iids U/Spew? -Trpocr- 
 ovcrr]<;, iiirep avTov tov nTapa^rjvai, tov vofiov ToaavTTjV 
 eBcoKe Blkt]v, eiKOTms' tovto <ydp ead' o ^vXaTTeiv v/juds Bel, 
 Toiji; vofiovi, TOP opKOV. TavT e%60' u/xet? ol BiKd^ovTe<s del 
 
 before, he laid hands on him when in town at the Mysteries, on this 
 ground you passed condemnation on his conduct, and there was no 
 other additional count whatever." There are several instances of these 
 iiorop. Six., actions between merchants, among the private orations of 
 Demosthenes, as the Zenoihemis, Fhormio, &c. ; they were tried during the 
 winter months, when navigation was interrupted, and decided within one 
 month's period : the damages assessed by the verdict had to be paid imme- 
 diately, and the defendant could be imprisoned in default of payment. The 
 phrases iviSrinelii, iiroSriixeiv, are always of presence at, and absence from, 
 Athens : in the Apaturius, where Parmeno returns to his own city, Ophry- 
 nium, he is described as ^'''■oS))/iiu>',_ie^ '^out,Q£Jownj" p. 899, 1. 8. 
 
 g. rj^oiXcaBe, i. e. you were ready to condemn Evander to death if the 
 prosecutor, Menippus, had insisted on it, but as the latter was persuaded to 
 compromise, you only punished Evander by making him forego the damages 
 which had been assessed him in the previous mercantile suit, o wpopaK., i. e, 
 the prosecutor of the "plaint:" as alpelu iUiiv implies both gaining the cause 
 and the pecuniary advantage of the damages assessed, the resigning of those 
 advantages is called &<pelvai Sik. 
 
 Kal irpoaeTw/iaaTe k.t.\. "And you find him (Evander) beside, the 
 amount of the damage which the man (Menippus) computed he had sus- 
 tained by waiting to obtain the verdict" after the wpofioX-n. The damage 
 would consist in the interruption of his professional gains arising from tms 
 loss of time. We should naturally expect the article before avSpwirm: 
 V Madvig has a paragraph on similar omissions, § 8. Remarks. 
 
 h. iei, i. e. Every citizen, as from time to time he discharges the office 
 of dikast, is the temporary guardian of the laws, and is responsible for their 
 strict execution. 
 
§ 47> 4^.] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 113 
 
 irapa r&v dWaiv wairepei "TrapaKarad'^Krjv, ^v S/itcutlv, 
 ocroi fiercL tov BiKaiov •itpb<; vfid<; ep'yovTai, <t5)V virdp- 
 yeiv Sei. erepos aHiKetv ttot' eBo^ev vfuv irepl to, 48.a. 
 AwvvaLa, koI KaTe'^etporovr^aar' airov 'jrape SpevQ VTO'} 
 ap'x^ovTi Tm vlei, on Oeav tuvos KaTa\aft,^dvovTO<; ■^aro, 
 i^elpycDV Ik tov dedrpov ?jv S' ovros 6 tov j3e\Tia-Tov 
 TraTTjp XapiKkeiBov, tov ap^avTos. kcu /leya y v/juv b. 
 tovt' eBoKei hiicaiov e')(eiv 6 irpo^aXkojMevo'i \eyeii>, " el 
 KaTeKdpjjBavov, avOpmire, Qeav, el ii-q Tol'i K'qpvyp.aaiv, 0)9 
 <TV p,e <^ri^, €ireid6/j,rjv, t[vo<s ex tS)v vop^oiv el Kvpio^, 
 Kai o dpjicov ai/TO^ ; rots VTFfjpeTai^ i^eipyeiv elirelv, ovk 
 
 irapaKaTaB^Kt)v. "A deposit which ought to he assured to all." The 
 laws are allegorioally described as a species of bank on which all injured 
 persons may draw for redress. <twv is the more Attic form than trmav. 
 Eurip. Cj/cl. 293. 
 
 48. a. wdpeSpeuovTcK. " When assessor to his son, who was at that time 
 Arohon." Each of the three superior Archons could have two assessors of 
 his own selecting, to help him in his various duties : the office was itself also 
 called apx^i. (c. JSemr. p. 1369.) The fact of this accused person being in so 
 high a position made the verdict against him a still more striking precedent. 
 
 oTi 'ri'^anro k. t. \. " Because he seized a man who was taking a wrong 
 seat, and wanted to turn him out of the theatre." Sem is used, as " a place 
 for seeing from," in ^schin. 35", 11 : the participle i^eipyiav is imperfect. 
 
 5p£awTos. "Who was Archon :" the Archo n ^ponym as is generally A. 
 meant when nothing distinctive is specified. Chariclides was Archon in the 
 second year of the 104th Olympiad. 
 
 b. Koi fieya y' 6/ilv. " And this you thought was a just plea which the 
 prosecutor had to urge." BUaiov is often thus used as an aotual substantive : 
 of. J/TTep TMv ^'EKKrivLKujv SiKaiuiv. Philip. I. p. 40. c. Conon. p. 1266, 1. 2. 
 \cyeiu is an epexegetic infinitive, and toCto refers, of course, to the words 
 that follow. 
 
 el Ka-reXi/ip. "If, Sir, I was taking a wrong seat, if I ipas, as you 
 maintain, disobeying the proclamations, what have you power to do to me 
 by the laws, aye, or what has the Archon himself? The power of bidding hia 
 ■officers expel me, not of striking me himself. Suppose I do not obey the 
 officers either: then he has the power of inflicting a penalty; anything 
 sooner than laying hands upon me himself." Kupios is commonly thus 
 constructed with the genitive of the power possessed : Thuc. iv. 20. Plato, 
 Criii. 120. D. The above is meant rather as paraphrase than translation, 
 especially as regards the words out-m wfidoi^ai. We might expect ■n-avTu>u, 
 as governed by Kvpim, instead of w&in-a, but the latter is attracted into an 
 accusative case ; so again the article tov would seem desirable before av-ros 
 Hijraadai, but -rktiv is occasionally thus used elsewhere after a comparative 
 with a simple infinitive, as Eurip. Seracl. 231, &o. 
 
 Q 
 
114 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 48. 
 
 auT09 ivKTeiv. ov8' ovrm ireldofiai ' i-iri^Xriv eVt/SaX- 
 
 y XeLP, irdvTa /laXXov irkrjv avros a-<^aadai rfj %et/3t' 
 
 iroWa yap irpo tov fit) to craifia eKaarov v^pc^ea6ac 
 
 c. TreTTOiTjKaaiv 01 vofMOi." raOr' eXeye fiev sKelvos, e')(ei,po- 
 TovrjcraTe B' Vfie2<; ' ov jxrjv elarjXOev et? ro SiKaarijpiov 
 
 d. ovTo<;, aXX' ereXevTr)ae irporepov. eripov roivvv 6 re 
 S^//,o? airas Kare'^^eipoTovrjO'ev aBiKelv irepX rrjv iopTTjV 
 
 . Koi v/Meh elaeXOovTa airsKTeivaTe tovtov, KxTjcriKXia, oti 
 g-KVTP'i e')(^aiv eVo/ATreue, Kal tovto) fiedvav eTrdra^e riva 
 eyOpov VTrdp')(pv6' avTW • ihoKei yap v^pet, Kal ovk divw 
 
 JTVTTTeiv, dXXa t7] v hrl TJji; ■jrofjb'Trrjs Kal rod fieOveiv 573 
 7rp6(f)a(Ti,v Xaj3o)v dhoKeiv, <«? hovXois 'Xpa/Mevo^ rol'i 
 iXevOepoL^. dirdvTcov toivvv, m avhpe^ ' AQrjvaloi, tovtuv, 
 X &)Z' o fiev o)v etkev dwocna'i, 6 he Kal Oavdrm ^'qfiiwBel'i 
 <f>aiverai, ttoXXS heivoTep' ev olS oti iravres av eivai 
 (p'qaeiav to. Weuhla •netrparyiMiva ■ cure yap iroyi/nevaiv 
 ovre BIktjv ypriKcb'; ovre irapehpevcov ovt ciXkr)v a-Krj-^jnv 
 oiiBefilav e-x^cov, 7rXr]v ii^pcv, roiavra •ire'jroLrjKev ola 
 
 irpo Tou iiv. " The laws have made many provisions to preolude assault 
 of the individual person ;" literally, " sooner than have individual person 
 injured." So Plato, Phtsd. 99. A. StKaiorepov wfj.rjv eluat, nrpd tov (pevyeiv, 
 inre)(eLV ttj TroXet dLKtjv. As this use of trpd tou yeveadai is almost equi- 
 valent to " lest the thing should happen," the redundant negative is inserted 
 between the article and the verb. 
 
 0. 6T6X6UT^<7e. "He died." So iEsch. Tfieh. 617, &c. There is, of 
 course, an ellipse of -rdu jiiov in the expression. The aociused being deceased, 
 the subsequent suit in the Helisea was necessarily abandoned. 
 
 d. 0-/CUT-05 exmv. " He Walked in the procession with a whip." Buttmann 
 curiously renders this pelle indutus : we find this expression a-Kirr) pKeireiv, 
 " to look like flogging," in Aristoph. Vesp. 643. 
 
 appei. Dative of the cause : the assault was more attributable to inso- 
 lence than intoxication. The word iWi is Introduced immediately after, in 
 reference to the negation ouk o"wu>. 
 
 e. wK o p.kii, K. T. \. " On account of which one man (Bvander) surren- 
 dered the damages he had gained." (§ 47. g.) The first wk is a genitive of the 
 cause, the second by attraction for cKcivuiv H. 
 
 TO. MeiSi'a tmrpay. The actions of Meidias are said to be more out- 
 rageous than the other offending persons; a curious construction, but not 
 without parallel. Buttmann refers to Matth. Qr. Oram. § 453. 
 
§ 49*J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 115 
 
 ovBeli eKelvcov. Kot tovtov^ iiev ida-co. aWa Uvppov, w 4<9.a. 
 avSpe^ 'AdrjvaLoi, top ' ETeo^ovrdByv^ evhei')(6ivra hucd^eiv 
 6(f)eiKovra tw Srj/jboaUp, Oavdrw ^rjfMaiaaC Tive'i Vfiasv 
 ^ovTO jQ)r]vat, koI redvrjKev aKoi)^ irap vjuv ' Kairoi — 
 TOVTO TO Xrififia Bl evBeiav, ov Bl vj3piv Xa/i^dveiv 
 hre'xeLpriaev eKeivo<;. koX irdXKovs- civ iripovg e^oifii b. 
 Xejeiv, &v ol /Mev redvao^ov, ol B' rp-ififOiiAvob Bia iroW^ 
 TOVTcov ela\v eXdrTu) Trpdryfiara. vfieis 8', & avBpe<i 
 'Adrivaloi, SftiKp^ Beaa raXavrtov irtfiija-aTe Kol Sicl- 
 Tdivt, ToaoiJTCov eripcov, Bo^avTC trapdvofia 'Ypd(j)ei,v, xal 
 ovre iraiBla ovre (piXovi ovre crvyyevec; ov& ovnvovv 
 fj\,erj(TaTe twv irapovrcav eKetVot?. /irj toivvv, iav p,ev c. 
 
 49. a. diXKa. A favourite use of this eonjunotion, as Sohiiefer remarks, 
 where one matter is passed over^ and another of still greater importance 
 introduced. An instance we have had' above, § 7. a. b. So p. 126, 1. 2. 
 p. 658, 1. 8., &c. " Nay but " is an adequate translation. 
 
 'Exso^ouTdatii;. Butea was the name of a deme of Attica founded by 
 one Bates, the members of which are called Butadse : but the lineal 
 descendants of Butes, who fulfilled the priesthood to Athena Polias, were 
 called 'Eteo/3out., i. e. genuine Butads, to distinguish them from the mem- 
 bers of the deme. Lycurgus was entitled to both appellations. Plut. x. 
 Or. 7 (beginning). 
 
 evSeix^6i>Ta. " Was informed against as acting on a jury." ei/^Eigis was 
 the technical term for informing against any citizen who assumed legal 
 authority for which he was unqualified. Pyrrhus owed a fine to the Trea- 
 sury, and was on that account aTi^os, which precluded him legally from 
 acting as SiKaa-n'i^, even though he dreiv the lot. 
 
 TidvriKei/. ""Was put to death." ew^uKw, in classic Greek, acts as the 
 passive of diroKTeivtu, 
 
 \rilJLILa, i. e. the judicial fee, three obols to each juryman. Aristoph. Eq.- 
 51, 255, &c. Pyrrhus was induced to undertake the office by his extreme 
 poverty, not by any arrogant spirit of violating the laws. 
 
 b. Sii iroXKZ. " Por conduct far less heiifous than this." iroXKm is a 
 dative of degree, and etcriwis, of course,, to- be taken in close connection with' 
 
 cTiiivaaTe. Here we must understand iifttiv, as above, on which the 
 genitive Bin. toK. depends. 
 
 So^avTi refers to Smicro and Scito equally : Buttmann urges the reading 
 So^aiTi, but the construction is certaijily by no means unusual. 
 
 •Traf/dvofia. § 3. a. 
 
 oi/Tii/oDi/. A various reading on this is HX'Kov oliSeva, and Eeiske inserts 
 the former word after ovthiovv. By ■n-apoin-wu is meant all persons who 
 ■ stood by an accused person to aid him with their influence or advocacy. 
 0. M Toimv, K. T. X. " Whereas, then, ye exhibit such indignation if a 
 
116 DEMOSTHENIS MIUlXs, [§§ 49, 5O. 
 
 eXivr) Ti<s irapavofia, ovrcos opyt^ofievoi ^alveaOe, eav Se ^oifj, 
 firj Xey^, -Trpams Bidiceiade- oiiSev ryap pfjfia ovB ovo/jua 
 ovTO)<; ecTTt Tots iroWoi^ vfiuv •yaXeTrov, co? oaa v^pi^cov 
 TLS Tov €VTxJ')(ovTa vficov BiaTrpa,TT€Tai.> tirj Toivvv avTol 
 Ka6' v/xcov avTOiv Bely/Ma toiovtov i^eveyKrjTe, Si avhpes 
 'AdTjvaloi, ft)» apa vp-els, av p,ev tmv /xerpleov riva 574 
 Kol Brjfj/OTtKav Xdj3r]T6 otlovv aBiKovvTa, avr' iXe'^aere 
 ovT d(f)'^areTe, aSX' diroicreveire rj drnp^mcreTef idv Be 
 ifkovaio'i &v Tt? v^pity, avyyvcofJ'Tjv e^ere. p,rj BrJTa ' 
 ov yap BiKaiov ' dXX' iirl -TrdvTcov 6fioia)<; bpyiipp^evoi 
 (fiaiveaOe. 
 50.a. '^j4 Toivvv ovBevo<; twv , elprj/Mevmv tjttov avayKoiov 
 eivat vofii^o) irpbs vp,a<; elirelv, ravr' ehraiv en koI 
 ^pa'xea Trepl tovtcov BiaX€')(del<; Kara^'^ao/j.ai,. effriVi 
 Si dvBpes ' AOrjvalov, fieydXT] tol<; dBiKOvcnv diraci, /i6£t9 
 Kai ifKeoye^ia rj twv vjxerepav Tpoircov TrpaoTTjs. oTi 
 
 jnan proposes illegalities, do not be disposed to lenience if a man act them 
 instead of proposing them." The prohibition only refers to the seoond 
 member of the sentence, the sense being " do not do one without the other." 
 "We have noticed a similar construction at § 7. a. 06 yAp iyvoa. 
 
 P7j/ia oiiS' oi/ofia. These words refer to the vapdvo/i. eiir. of Smicro and 
 Scito, whose offences were merely verbal, and therefore far less grievous 
 than numerous acts of assault and injury on any chance victim. 
 
 SeTyfi. e^evey. "Present a specimen of judicature so prejudicial to your- 
 selves." By dr)uoTiKu>v are meant "men of the people," plebeii; and /isTpiwi/ 
 has a similarly depreciating sense, " ordinary," " mediocre." 
 
 iirl iravTuiv. "In all Cases:" probably iravToiv is masculine, but our 
 idiom can hardly convey the distinction here. Isocr. says a. iir\ tSk oKXmv 
 opdn-e e<p' vptjiiv aiiTuiv iyi/oetre. 
 
 50. a. oii^ei/os jJt+oi/. " As necessary to mention to you as anything 
 I have said already:" this favourite Greek idiom is just the reverse of our 
 own. Demosthenes does not carry it to the same extent as Thucydides, 
 with whom ouSei/ds iTttok is as strong or stronger than ttoi/tos pSXXou in 
 Bignification. 
 
 KaTaffviyopai. "I will come down from the rostrum:'' descendam: i.e. 
 I will conclude my speech. They spoke from a tribunal, or raised platform, 
 made of stone, some ten feet high. Aristoph. Vesp. 980. KaiToi -rd KaT&fia 
 TOuTO TToWoiis 6t] Trdifv 'E^TjiraTijKei/ ' dW oyuus KaTa[Sii(7oixat. 
 
 fiepk. Here, absolutely in the sense of "gain:" we have noticed a- 
 soracHhat analogous expression, /iepioa vTripxen' els ti, § 20. c. 
 
§ 5°-j DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 117 
 
 Brj TavTrj<! ovB' OTtovv Vfuv fieraSovvai tovt^ irpoariKei, 
 
 ravT aKovcraTe fjiov. iyo) vofii^o) ■jrdvTa'; dvOpcoirovi; b. . 
 
 ipdvovs (pepetu irapa tov /3toy avrol'i, ovyl Tovaiel ^ jT^ 
 
 fiovov^ ovs (rvWeyovai Tives koI wv ifKrfpaiTaX r^uyvov- o< 
 
 rai, dWa Kai, aXKovi. olov ecm fieTpioii koI (piXdv- 
 
 BpcoTTOi; Tt? fjuwv Kal iroWovs eKeav tovtco raiiTo 
 
 Blkuiov virdp'xeiv irapa irdvTOJV, av iror' els ypelav 
 
 Kal dywva d<fii,KrjTai. dWog ovroaL ti<; dvaiSr)^, Kal c. 
 
 •jToWoiis v^pl^tov, Kal tovs fiev 'jrT(0')(pvs, Toiiif Se koOoq- 
 
 nara, loiis B' ovBev vTroXa/i^dveov etvai • tout&> ra? 
 
 aura? Bikoiov virdp'xeip <popa<;, acnrep aiiTo^ elaev^voye 
 
 Tots dXXoi,<i. av ToLvvv vfuv op6Si<i eTrirj aKoirelv, tovtov 
 
 ifKTjpwTTjv evprjaere MeiBiav opra tov ipdvov, koI ovk 
 
 eKelvov. 
 
 OlBa Toivvv on rd waiSia e'xcov oBvpevrat,, Kal ttoX- d. 
 Xoiis Xoyov; Kal raTreivoiis epei, BaKpvav Kal cas iXeet- 
 voTaTov nroieov eavrov. ecm B', b<T(p -irep av avTov e. 
 
 TauT?is. A partitive genitive : " that it is wrong for you to allow Midias 
 the slightest share in this." These two datives would be somewhat awkward 
 if tha context did not so clearly explain itself. 
 
 b. The passage contained here, and in o., is almost identical with § 27. 
 d. e. : it will, therefore, only be necessary to notice any phrases which did not 
 occur in the former. 
 
 iUaiov iirapx. Here we must supply 6<m, and take Six. e<r. as equivalent 
 to irpaariKei, TaifTO meaning Tae auTcts rpopa^. The word elicoff, which 
 occurs in the margin of some MSS., is only 0. various reading on SUaiov. 
 (Buttm.) 
 
 c. KaSapnara. According to the Schol. on Aristoph. Ran. 733, the 
 Athenians in time of public visitations, plague, famine, and the like, used to 
 throw into the sea sundry worthless and criminal persons, who thus acted as 
 "scape-goats" for the city: 'iT£pt\jirifiii is used in the same sense. Cf. also 
 Al^stoph. Sq. 1136. 
 
 ovdei/ eli/ai. " To be mere cyphers," i. e. utterly worthless, a common 
 sense of oiSiv. The parallel passage has oSB' oXms ii/dpairovs. 
 
 iiriri. " Occurs to you." eiriduat is SO Used in Plato, Sev. 388. n. &c. v 
 
 d. TO. iraiSia. § 27. a. " He will have his children "by him and bemoan 
 himself with tears and making himself as pitiable an object as possible." 
 
 e. Ictti S' a^iou. This phrase, in the sense " it is meet," is very common 
 in Attic authors with the dative of the person and the infinitive. Here we 
 have the infinitive only. , The orator's argument is this : The more Midiaa 
 humbles himself now, the less you ought to pity him, for it indicates he does 
 
118 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 50,51. 
 
 vvv raireivoTepov iroifi, ToaovTa fiaXkov a^iov fucrelv 
 avTov, 3) dvSpe'i ' AOrivaloi. Boa tLj otl el fiev firjSa- 
 fiM's Svv'r]del<; TaTretj/o? yeviadao ovtux; daeT^r/r)^ koX 
 /3mio<; rjv 6Vl_r o5 TrapeKrjXuOoTO S ^lov, ttj (j}6cret fcal 
 rfj Tv^r], St ^v roiovTOS iyevero, a^iov rjv av Tl tjj? 575 
 f. opyrj'i dvelvat, • el 8' einaTdfievo<; fj-erpiov irapey^^eiv 
 eavTov orav ^ovKrjTai, tov ivavriov r) tovtov tov rpo- 
 •Kov eiKero ^fjv, eiiBrjXov Btjttov tovO', oti koL vvv dv 
 BiuKpqvaTjTai, iraKiv aiiTO'i eKelvo'i ov vp,el<; to-re yevrj- 
 V g. aerai. ov Bel Brj Trpoaeyeiv, ovBe tov irapovTa KUipov, 
 ov ovTo<; e^eTrlT7)Be<: irXdrreTai, Kvpuorepov ovBe ttl- 
 a-rorepov tov •7ravTo<;, ov avTol crvviaTe, %poz/ov iroirjaa- 
 51. a. adat. ifiol iraiBia ovk eaTiv, ovB' dv e')(pi,/j,i, tuvtu ira- 
 paaTrjad/jLevo'i /cXdeiv Kol Baicpvetv i(f>' ol<; v^piaB'qv. 
 Bid tovt' dpa tov ireTToi,7)KOTo<; 6 TreTrovda)? eXuTTOv 
 e^(o "Trap' vjuv ; firj BrJTa ' aW' OTav ovTO<i e'X^av ra 
 
 know how to behave himself with decency, whereas his past life is a proof 
 that he never has practised it hitherto. 
 
 el u.h n>)5a/iiis, K.T.X. "Had he been thus brutal and violent during 
 his past life, without being at any time capable of humbling himself, it 
 would have been fair to remit somewhat of our anger out of consideration to 
 the nature and fortune that made him what he is." iuelvai, in the sense 
 "to concede," will naturally govern a dative of the recipient of the con- 
 cession, an accusative of the thing conceded. The conditional structure of 
 the sentences causes the use of fxtiSafiUs in place of oiSa/xuis. 
 
 f. fidrpiov. In a good sense, as § 27. e.^ iudvTiou is as commonly con- 
 structed with v and an appositive case, as it is with a dative or genitive. 
 
 SiaKpovariTai. That this is a common word to describe legal evasions we 
 have already seen. Cf. also p. 1260, 1. 11. p. 741, 1. 24. 
 
 aiiTiJs £K6li/os. lUe ipse : " the very man :" exactly the phrase to indicate 
 a notorious character. 
 
 g. irpoa-ix^iv. " Tou must not attend [to his wailings and supplications] 
 nor take the present occasion, which he is studiously colouring, as more con- 
 clu.sive or convincing than all the period (of his previous life) with which you 
 are familiar." irXaTTeiv is common in the meaning of forgery and fabrica- 
 tion: Soph. Ajax, 148. Herod, viii. 80., &c. They are not to .judge him 
 from his present good behaviour, which arises only from interested motives. 
 
 51. a. ex;oi/ii. "Nor could I set them by my side and then weep and 
 wail over my injuries" = I could not do it if I wished to, having no off- 
 spring as Midias has. 
 \ eXa-rroii IJiu = kkaTTio&moiiai. " Shall I get the worst of it in your 
 court ?" 
 
§ 5I-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 119 
 
 iraiBla rovrot? a^iot Bovvai, ttjv ■yfrrj^ov vfia'i, roO' vfiei<; 
 roiis vofiovi exovrd fie ifKij^Lov '^yelade Trapea-Tavat < 
 Kai, Tov bpKov ov ofitofioKare, tovtoi'; a^iovvTa Koi av- < 
 Ti^oXovvTa e/caarov vfjicov ■ylrfi^icraadai,. oh vfieli Kara b. 
 TToXXa oiKaioTepov irpocrdoiaS' av rj rourp • koX ryap 
 ofiwfioKare, w dvBp€<; 'ABrfvaloi,, toIs vo/jlois •jreLdeadai, 
 Kai TOiv iarcov /j,eTecmv v/ui> Sva tov? vofjiov;, Kai 
 iravQ' oaa earlv ayadai vfuv Bia Toiis vofiov^ iarlv, ov 
 Bia MeiStav ovBe Sia roix; MeiSlov "jralSas. 
 
 Kai " prjTcop icrrlv ovtos" iao)'; ifie ^ijcret Xeyav, c. 
 eyo) 8', el /lev 6 avfi^ovKevwv 6 to av <TVfjb(})ipetv Vfuv 
 ^jrJTai,, Kai tovt dypi^ tov /j,7jBev vfiiv ivo'^Kelv, firjBe 
 ^id^ecrdai, p-qrcop i<7Tiv, ovre (jjiiyoifi' av ovt' dirap- 
 vov/Mai TOvTo Tovvofia ■ el /levToi, prjToip iarlv oiov; d. 
 
 ToiiTots Sovvai. " To give your vote in favour of them" (his children). 
 This and the next toutok are examples of a dativus commodi. As Midias 
 exhibits his children, and tries to enlist for them the sympathy of the Jury, 
 so Demosthenes holds before their eyes the laws which condemn Midias, 
 and the oath which the jurors have sworn to defend those laws, and claims 
 their sympathy accordingly. 
 
 b. vpoaSoiaB' av. " You would more justly, on many grounds, side with / 
 them than with the defendant." With •n-poo-fleo-flai in this sense we must| 
 understand, probably, ti'iv iS/rjtpov, as Liddell and Scott suggest, quoting 
 .S/Soh. JSumen. 735. Dem: 1320, 1. 16, &o. There are many instances of the 
 same ellipse, as Herod. II. 160. Plato, Legg. 674 A. 
 
 TwB tcruiv. " Equal rights," which the laws alone enabled them to share : 
 their duty and interest pointed the same way, as it was through the laws 
 they obtained all their social advantages. 
 
 c. ifii is governed by Xeyuv, and the actual words of Midias' presumed 
 taunt are given in the direct oration. His remarks would imply that it was 
 easy for a practised speaker, like Demosthenes, to impose on the court, and 
 raise their indignation groundlessly. 
 
 irufipov\e6ti}v. "One who advises:" this word is very common in the 
 sense of public speaking at the Ecclesia, what we should call "parliamentary 
 speaking." See Aristotle's three-fold division, Bliei. I. 3, Xayov aviifiouXeu- 
 
 evox^^eif, "to cause annoyance," takes either construction, with the 
 accusative or with the dative, pia^eadai implies " intrusion." 
 
 d. ei ixevToi. This lievrot, like a preceding one, § 42. c, answers to /liv, 
 instead of the usual particle Se. 
 
 pvTiop is not the name given to a member of a legal class or profession of 
 orators : any Athenian citizen was at liberty to address the publio from the 
 Bema, and so far the whole state were pnTopes ; it was found, however. 
 
120 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 5I. 
 
 evLovs TMV XejovTcov e7C() Koi vfiets Se opare, avaiBets 576 
 Kot vcj)' v/iuv ireifKovTTjKOTav, ovk av ei'i)v ovtos e<ya> ' 
 et\7]^a fj,€V yap ovB' otiovv wrap v/xS)v, ret. Be bvra ets 
 vfj,d<; irKrjV irdvv fiiKpoov atravT avrfkana. kultoi Kal 
 el TovTcov ?jv TTOVTjpoTaros, Kara rov? vofiov; eBet Trap 
 i/Mov BiKTjV 'KajjL^aveiv, ovk €(p' ols iXeirovpryovv v^pi- 
 e. ^eLv. en Toivvv ovSels eanv octtis ep-oi, twv XeyovTwu 
 avvar/covl^eTai. Kal ovBevl fiefi^ofiai " ovBe jap avTos 
 ovBevo<; eveKa ToiiTtov ovBev iv vjuv iruJiroT elirov, aXK' 
 aifKw^ Kar' ifxainov . eyvcov Kal Xeyeiv Kal irpaTreiv o 
 Ti av <TV/J,(f>epov Vfuv riya>fiat. aX\a tovtco irdvTas 
 avTLKa Br) ^aXa cFwe^STa^op^evov^ joiis prjTopa'; oy^earO' 
 
 practically, that the number of persons who availed themselves of this privi- 
 lege was small, and in process of time they received the above distinctive 
 appellation, as opposed to the majority, who were styled WiaiTai ("unpro- 
 fessional"). 
 
 Till/ Xeyovrmv, i. e. uvu-^ovKeiovrav, " public speakers." Sp again at 
 the beginning of e. The phrase irXouTcfv ek tivos corresponds exactly to 
 our " make money out of a person." 
 <) Kal i/jLiTi Si. Another instance of Se in apodosis, where we should rather 
 » expect fifl. 
 
 elrii; ou-ro^ eytl. " I could not be he :" I do not at all correspond to the 
 ' description. Something similar to this is a singular use of the pronouns in 
 Aristoph. San. 495. (rli /lev yevou 'ym. 
 
 Hi;ii\M/cii. He describes in the speeches against ApTiolus, what numerous 
 public services he had undertaken, so large as to consume nearly all the 
 property he could recover from his trustees. 
 
 Toirmv, i. e. tcow prjTopui/ : the emphasis of what follows is on the words 
 Karh i/d/uous : if 1 was ever such a rogue, he ought to have set about punish- 
 ing me in a legal way, not by open violence. 
 
 £(/)' ols eKfiToipy. Schsefer contents himself with saying that this is a 
 remarkable construction ; Buttmann, most singularly, renders it "not to be 
 elated to insolence by those means (pecuniary) which I emfiloyed for state 
 services." Probably the signification is simply, " not to have insulted me for 
 the service I was performing," as though he had written eiri xg e/tg KeiTovpyla. 
 \e/ oMevos eveKa. As he had never (according to his own account) acted 
 as Mvocate to the people, he did not expect them to deal by him in a more 
 iriMKily manner. 
 
 iirXius kut' enavriv. "'But I always resolved on absolute indepen- 
 dence, both of word and deed, as regards what I consider your interest." 
 iEe declines, that is, to be a party man, for fear he should be implicated in 
 supporting some measure which he could not himself consider advantageous 
 to the interests of the state. 
 
 o-ui/eJeToJo/iCKous. § 36. c. e(j>e^7j9, " one after another," implies the 
 number of Midias' advocates. 
 
§§5I>52-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 121 
 
 e^efi}?. Kalroi ttws eort SUaiov rovpofia fiev rovro ms 
 oveiBof irpo^epeiv i/j,ol, Sta rovrwv S" avrhv rav avSpcav 
 a^iovv aaQfjvai ; 
 
 Tdxa Toivvv lawi Kal to, roiavr' epei, dx; iatcefifieva 52.a. 
 Kol •jrapea-Kevaa-fiiva iravra Xiym viiv. iyoi 8' iaKe^Oai 
 fj,ev, S) aiiBpes 'AOrjvalot, (jyrjfu koX ovk av apvrjdeiriv, Kal 
 fi£fie\eT7)Kei^ai 7' a>s evrjv /jLoXia-ra i/j,oi' Kal y^p av 
 affXios rjv, el roiavra iradatv Kal irdaymv ^(liXovv &v 
 ■irepl TavTcov ipetv efieXKov irpo<s vfia<i ' jerypa^ivat fiev- 
 TOL fioi Tov Xoyov MetSlav' 6 jap ra epya Trapea-'xrjKcbs, 
 srejot mv elcriv oi Xoyoi, ScKaiorar' av ravTrjv evot Trjv 
 aiTiav, ovx 6 ia-Ke/j,fievo'i ovS" 6 fiepifiv^a-ai; ra SbKaia 
 Xeyetv vvv-. iyo> jjbev ovv rovro rroiS), m dvBpe'; 'AOtj- b. 
 valoo, Kal avTog 6/j,o\oyS) ' Met,Biav fiivroi, jMjSev 
 iffKe^Oai TvwTTor ev rravrl ra jS/p Sokmov elK6<i eanv ' 
 
 r. KULToi TTM, K. T. \. " Ahd yct how is it fair to allege this name (of 
 orator) as a reproach to me, and yet expect himself to be delivered by the 
 instrumentality of these same persons ?" irpotpipew is quite the technical 
 word in this sense of exprolrare, Hopi. II. iii. 64. Herod, i. 3. 
 
 .52. a. kaKe/iiieva. " Considered :" he would reproach him with the fact 
 of his speech not being ex tempore, as though his invectives were suggested 
 not by the indignation of the moment, but by cool and malicious reflection. 
 The perfect of o-KeTTTOjuat is generally middle not passive in sense, of which 
 the next sentence gives one instance: Demosthenes uses i^Kejiixha as a 
 passive again in the Urotic. p. 1403, 1. 21. 
 
 eyt!) S' earKect>. "But that I have considered it I admit, nor woiild I deny ' 
 the fact, and that I have studied it ai hard as I possibly could ; for I should 
 have been a wretched fellow indeed, if, under such sufferings, past and pre- 
 sent, I had bestowed no pains on the speech I was going to make to you 
 concerning these matters." The use of the participles ■^aB. and irda-x. is very 
 elegant : cSk is in the ordinary attraction, as iifieXow requires a genitive. 
 
 yeypacpivai. The infinitive depends on <^ii/il, above : " I deol|re, howr 
 ever, that, Midias has written my speech for me." This he explains in a 
 manner somewhat far-fetched : the person who inflicts the injury suggests 
 the subject to the speaker, and so far the former is rather the prime cause of 
 the speech than the latter. 
 
 b. TToiw. Buttmann here prefers the reading iroimv. he considers 
 . that the sentence is more concise with the participle, and xal has then the 
 force of "also." 
 
122 DEJIOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 52. 
 
 €1 f^ap KoX Kara fiiKpbv i-iryei tA roiavr avrS axcnrelv, 
 ovK av ToaovTov SirjfidpTave tov 7rpdr/fj,aroii. 
 c. Olfjuat, Toivvv avTov ovSe tov hrj^ov Karrj'yopelv oKvij- ^77 
 crew ovSe riis iKKkr)aia^, aX)C airep tot eToX/ia Xe- 
 yew ot' rjv rj irpo^oXr), ravra /col injv ipeiv, ms oaoi 
 heov i^ievai Kare/Mevov Kau baoi ra <f)povpca r^ffav kprjfux, 
 XeXotTTore? e^eKKTftiLaaav, Kai ')(ppevTai kui, ^evoo Kai 
 roiovroi rives rjaav ot KaTe')(eipoT6vr]aav avrov. els jap 
 TovTO OpdcTov; Kol dvaiSeias tot' a<f>iKeTO, & dvSpes BiKCUr- 
 Tal, £B9 laaffiv ocrot Trapyjaav vficbv, &a-Te kukms Xe'^mv 
 Kol direiXoiv icaX ^iiroov ovtos eh tov del Oopv^ovvTa 
 
 KOTO liLKpiv. "Even in a limited degree :" this is the true adverbial use 
 of KaTi withan adjective; we have noticed a somewhat different usage in 
 § 6. d. cTjiet, § 50. c, last note. 
 
 Tou irpiy/xaTos. " He would not have erred so far from his object," 
 i. e. TOV Smaiov : he would not have deviated so widely from the path of 
 right, not only in my case, but generally. 
 
 0. Toi/ S^fjLov, the populace, in general ; t^s ckkX., the Eoolesia that 
 «)ndemned him, in particular. 
 
 oV 51/ fi irpop. " When my plaint was being heard." Midias censured 
 the general character of the tribunal which condemned him on that occasion. 
 
 i^Kkiiaiaiymi. This is the Attic form of the Aorist, from kKK\riaiaX,ut. 
 fthough we might rather expect JiKKXrja-iaa-a. Buttmann quotes instances 
 from Thucyd. viii. 93. Xeu. Sell. v. 3, 16. Lys. c. Agar. p. 136, 1. 33. Some 
 editors have printed the verb c^ekkX., but this appears to have arisen from 
 the erroneous idea, that the word was a compound of e£ and £KK\riaiu^to. 
 Translate : " That all persons who were staying at home when they ought to 
 have been out on mihtary service, and all who had deserted their garrisons, 
 formed that assembly, [when he was condemned,] and they were members of 
 choirs, and aUens and such hke that passed sentence against him." 
 
 oBtoi is justly suspected as being an interpolation, as the suhject has been 
 mentioned so recently before. "Wolf conjectiu-es outws, as if Demosthenes 
 made a grimace to represent Madias' threatening aspect. Taylor prefers to 
 insert outm before KuTairX^^tip, as that adverb is very oommoBJy constructed 
 after a participle. Madv. § 181, E. 2. 
 
 Tdv id Bopv^uin-a. We cannot feel sure whether 6opvPeXv here impHes 
 applause or disapprobation : if the former, Midias would look significantly at 
 that part of the Ecclesia where his own riotous friends were standing, to 
 remind respectable citizens what annoyance they might thence incur if they 
 condemned him : if the latter sense be intended, he would look in wrath on 
 those who cried shame upon him for his brutality, id has its common 
 meaning, "from time to time." 
 
§§ S^i S3-] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 123 
 
 roTTov Tr]<s eKKkritrla'} KurairX'^^eiv ^ero top Srj/iov 
 airavra. ^ Koi yeXola etvai ra vvv, ot/iai, haKpva 
 etKOTW? av avrov SoKolrj. rl Xeyeiq, & /itapa «:e^a\^ ; 53.i 
 <7U TO, a-avTOv TraiSia a^maeis iKeelv fj a-k rouaSe, ^ 
 ffTTOvBd^eiv els ra aa, tovs vtto <tov Srjfiocria irpotreirrj- 
 7uiKi<rfj,evovs / ffii /jlovo^ j&v ovtcov av6pdyir<ov itrl fiev b, 
 rov l3iov ToaavTTjs viriprj^avia'i irX'^pr)'} a>v •jrdvtav 
 dvdpamcuv etret (^avepwraros, &<TTe KaX irpo^ ots /j/rjSiv 
 eari aoi irpar^fia, XviretaQat TtfV arjv dpaarvTrjra Kal 
 ipav^v Koi TO <Tov CT'xrjfia Kal Toiis crow? dicoXov9ov<; Kal 
 •jtKovtov Kal ii^piv dempovvra'i, iv hk r& Kplvecrdat 
 nrapa'XpriiJM ikerjQrjvei ; /juejaSjtjv /livrav dp^V^i fiaWov c. 
 Be Te')(vriv eiTj'} av evprjKwv, el Svo TdvavTianara €avTol<i 
 ev ovTO) ^pax^l ')(pov(p trepl aeavTov Svvato •jroi^Oai,. 
 
 KaTairXv^eiv. "He thought he should strike dismay into the whole* 
 populace: wherefore, indeed, I think his present tears would naturally seem 
 to be ridiculous." It was slightly inconsistent, no doubt, to be supplicating, 
 the very men whom he had menaced so violently before. 
 
 63. a. Touo-Se. That is the Stjiio^ out of whom the StieatTTal had beew 
 chosen, and whom collectively Midias had insulted, a'lroydd'^ai is here- 
 constructed with eis in the same sense as we found it above, with ivl, § l.b. 
 
 b. fiovos. Is Midias to be a singular instance of a man habitually and; 
 notoriously arrogant, who yet is to be an object of compassion at one' 
 particular crisis? 
 
 tirj fikv Tod p., i. e. in the general tenor of his, life. 
 
 tfiavepiaTaTos. The superlative refers to irim-.ivB.; the construction of 
 f^avepoi el/il with a participle is noted by Madv. § 175. a., here /ieo-Tos iSi> is- 
 the participle in question, as a synonym for e/arX-nirdeh : wa-rs introduces the 
 description of the degree of his arrogance. 
 
 ■Trpos oDs, K.T.\. "Persons who,, having nothing to do with you," i.e. 
 complete strangers. These words supply the subject of XoiSopeladai: the- 
 aoousatives which follow that verb are governed by 6empouirras, "areannoyed^ 
 at seeing," &o. 
 
 irapa-ffprjiia. J 9. d., second note. t 
 
 0. ipxh«. "Tou would have invented a great principlCj or rather 
 science." Buttmann and Eeiske understand ipxh" to mean "political 
 power," and the whole phrase as a proverb = you would be a man of extra- 
 ordinary luck. In support of this they quote the second Philippic, p. 69, 1. 1, 
 but I cannot see that the evidence is at all conclusive, while the mterpreta- 
 tion itself seems rather far-fetehed. 
 
 •Trepi aeavTov iroieXtrdm. "To attract to yourself." (Kennedy.) The 
 notion conveyed is that of placing certain advantages around you, to be 
 taken at your pleasure. 
 
124 DEAIOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 53, 54. 
 
 <j)d6vov i^ S>v ^y<i, Kal i<j)' ol<; e^airarat; eXeov. ov/c 
 ecTTiv ovBafi66ev <roi irpoariKcav 'i'Keo<; oiiSe Ka6' tv, aXKa 
 TovvavTiov fuao<; Kal <j)d6vo<; Koi opyij • tovtcov yap 
 
 d. d^ia irouels- a)OC iir' eKelvo eTrdveifii, on tov Btj/llov 
 KaTTjjopijaei Kal ttj? iKKXrjaias. orav ovv tovto Troofj, 578 
 evOvp-elcrBe irap' vfitv avTo2<;, avhpes BiKaaral, on, ovto? 
 raiv fieO' iavTov oTparevaafievcov linreav, ore els "0\v- 
 vdov hie^rjaav, ixdoav Trpb^ v/ia? eh ttjv eKKXrjo-iav 
 Karrjyopei. iraXiv vvv fieivas Trpof tov<; e^e\7p\,vd6ras tov 
 
 e. Sijfjiov KaTTjyopijaei,. trorepov oiiv v/iety, edv re jjbevrjTe, edv 
 re i^lrjre, o/ioXoy^crer' etvai toiovtoi owi/? MeiSia^ vfia^ 
 d7ro(^alvei, fj Tovvavnov Tovrov del "TravTa^ov deals e%- 
 Gpov Kal fiSeXvpov ; iyw fiev oI/Mai tovtov toiovtov ' bv 
 <yap ov')( iTnrel'i, oii cruvdp')^ovTe<;, oii (j)v\oi Bwavrat 
 
 54. a. (l>epei,v, rl tovtov etiry n,s; ifiol fiev vrj tov Ala Kal tov 
 
 KpBovov, K.T. X. "Odium provoked by your life, and compassion moved 
 at your hypocrisy." The words, ei/*' oh efaTraxas, are a splendid instance of 
 the i-rrpoa-SoKriTov (inopinaium, Quintilian IX. 2, 23), or unexpected bathos, 
 whereas we should rather expect etp' oU dSvp-ij, " at your lamentations." He 
 implies, of course, that the distress of Midias was entirely assumed. 
 
 o-ot irpo(TriKwv. " Belonging to you," i. e. on which you can make a claim. 
 
 d. e'w&veiixi. "1 will revert;" as he has already introduced the topiOj 
 § 52. c. 
 
 wpii iipLai refers rather to Ka-rriyopei. than to ekdoiv, as the rest of the 
 sentence indicates. Whereas^ on a previous occasion (§ .37. c.) he had ac- 
 cused the men who were serving at Olynthus to the assembly at Athens, so 
 he will now accuse the people, who formed the assembly, to tho^^e who were 
 serving in the army when the said assembly was convened. '0\vvSov, § 44. b. 
 
 efeXuXt/eoVas. Sc. eh ESpoLav, § 31. 47. b. 
 
 e. woTepov ouv, K.T.X. "Will you, then, whether ye remain at home 
 or go out for service, declare (by your verdict) that you are such as Ulidias 
 exhibits you, or, on the contrary, that he is always and everywhere god- 
 detested and abomjpable." This is a good instance of the construction where 
 the subject in the infinitive clause (toiout-oi) remains in the nominative case 
 while it is the same with the subject of the governing verb ojioXoyiio-eTe, 
 but changes into the accusative tovtov where the subject is no longer the 
 same with that of the governing verb. The mast apt instance is in Thucyd. 
 
 IV. 28. KXewy ovk e<pr) aitTOi dXX' tKeivov (XTpaTriyeiv. 
 
 el-rrri. The ordinary reading is av dvoi, but the use of the subjunctive 
 duhitaiivus is more elegant, and supported by the best texts, iladv. § 121. 
 64. a. ipol is governed by ei/cijXoi naav below, alp-naeTai being impersonal. 
 
§ 54'] DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 125 
 
 AnroWca xal rrjv 'AOrjvav {elpriaerai ryap, elV' dfieivov 
 eire fXT),) off ovTO<;, ws d'!rrf\Xap/fj.ai, nrepuiov eKoyo- 
 iroiei, evhTJXot rives -qaav ayBofievot t5sv •kclvv tovtco 
 XaXovvrav ■^Sems. koL vrj Ala avTol'i iroXKr} avfyvm- 
 fir] • ov <ydp ia-Ti ^oprjTo^ dvdpmiros, dXkd Kol irkovrel - 
 fiovos Kai \e76ti' Svvarai /lovot;, kol iravrei elal tovto) 
 KaOdp/jbaTa koX •nrco'Xpl koI ovB' dvOpwjroi.. rov ovv Jj. 
 eTTt rawTij? tt)'; vTreprjtpavia'; ovra, vvv dv diro^ijr), 
 Tt TToiTJaeiv oieaffe ; i^ otov Be rovr' dv elheirire iyw 
 (ppaa-w • el tois fierd ttjv 'X,eipoTovCav TCKfirjpiots 6ea- 
 prjo-aire. ris <ydp icrriv oaTK KaTaj(evpoTovr}de.v avrov, 
 Kai TavT dae^eiv irepl rrjv ioprrjv, el koX fiijSel'; dWog 
 eTrfjV ar/atv en fj,r]Se kCvBwo<;, ovk dv eir' ainm rovra 
 KareSv xal fierpiov •7rape(7j(ev eavrbv rbv ye Stj f^ej(pi 
 liji Kpiaew; )(p6vov, el Koi fjurj irdvza ; ovBels oari'; ovk 
 579 dv. dW ov MeiSias, dW' dirb tjj? T/fieptv; ravri]^ 
 "Kiyec, XotSopeirai, fioa. j^eipoTovelrai, ti? ; MetSio.? (._ 
 
 Bender: "To me, indeed, (for the thing shall be said whether for my good 
 or not)" [he afifeots fear of the friends of Midias whom he is about to 
 mention] "when he was walking about and romancing to the eflect that 
 I had compromised (the injury), it was plain that some persons were vexed 
 (to hear it), even of those who were discoursing to him very pleasantly." 
 His friends affected satisfaction, but were really sorry he was out of the 
 scrape. 
 
 KaddpflLaTa, § 50. C. 
 
 b. €irJ liirept]^. " Possessed of such arrogance :" the favourite use of 
 €7rt with the orator. So ctt' e^ouffias, kirl tov 6v6fiaT07^ k. t. \. 
 
 TCK/jiripioL^. "Indications." Supplied by his conduct after the Ecolesia 
 had condemned him. Aristotle distinguishes TSKfinpi-ov as a conclusive 
 proof, whereas atipeiov is fallible. Mhet. I. 2. 
 
 KaTax'^^poTomficv. Another instance of the accusative absolute. Madv. a/ 
 § 182, and above, § 2. a., last note. ( KaTayeipoToiindel^J ifas the ordinary read- ""^ ^ i>x 
 ing, but then the genitive ai-rov was difficult to understand. Translate, 
 "when sentence was recorded against him, and that, too, for offence against 
 the festival," i. e. crime of a heinous order. 
 
 Ka-reSv. " Would have kept himself in retirement." Xen. Cijr. Tl. 1, 35. 
 Plato, Sep. 579, B. Eeiske takes it, "would have sunk it into the earth lor 
 shame," but this Buttmann considers too strong a translation. 
 
 oo-TK oiiK av. Supply eirotet TobTa both with this sentence and the next. 
 
 c. x^V'^o""'^'" '^'''- "Is there an election ? Midias of Anagyrasia is a ^^**^^ 
 
 \t^. u4vJU.«h . li^^ 
 
126 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 54, 55- 
 
 'Avctr^vpda-io<; irpo^e^^hqrai. IlXovrdp'Xpv irpo^evel, rd- 
 iropprjxa olSep, r) ttoXj? avrov ov 'X^copel. koX tuvtu 
 irdvTa iroiel SrjXov on ovSev aXKo ivBeiKyvfievof r) on 
 " iyd) TTeirovda ovSev vtto Trjs Kara')(eipoTOVM^, ovBe 
 
 d. SiSoiKa ovBe (po^ov/uii tov fieXXovTa dywva." a ovv, 
 m dvBpe'} ^AOrjvacot, to fiev v/jlo,'; BeBteuq,i SoKeiv alay(pov 
 Tj'yeLTai, to Se fiTjBev (ppovri^eiv vfjiSru veaviKov, tovtov 
 ovK diroXasKevai, SeKaKd •yrpocr'^icei ; oiiBe jdp e^eiv vfias 
 o n 'XpijcrecrOe aiirS vofiC^ei. TrXovaioi, Opaaiis, fieya 
 (ppovebu, /Jiija ^Oeyyofievo'i, ^laiov, dvaihrj'i. ttov Xrjif)- 
 drjcreTai, vvv edv BiaKpovarjrai ; 
 55.a. 'AW eyeaye, el /XT^Sez'os evsKa r&v aXKcov, tS>v lye 
 Srjp/rjyopimv Siv eKdarore Bijfirf/opel, KoX ev ol? Kaipol<!, 
 rrjv fieyia-TTjv av avrov 8iKaia<; olfiai Bixrjv Bovvai. 
 
 b. 'icrre yap Sjjttou tov6', oti edv fiii/ n tup BeovTcov 
 
 candidate :" literally, of course, " is any one being elected ?" The abruptness 
 of these sentences is Tery vigorous : as regards this use of ir popefi\i\Tat, 
 reference may be made to § 7. a. 
 
 wpoEevel. § 14. e. UXovTdpxov . § 31. f. Midias appears to have enter- 
 tained Plutarch as the state representative, a prominent position, which the 
 orator implies it was bad taste to assume. 
 
 T-d iiro^pt^Ta. " State secrets ;" not merely those of Plutarch, as TJlpian 
 suggests. Midias would boast in public of being in the confidence of the 
 government. 
 
 evSeiKupei/o^. "Indicating nothing else than this, 'I (Midias) have 
 
 suffered nothing by the public sentence '" He did not actually use these 
 
 words, but the tenor of his conduct was such as to imply them. 
 
 d. veavLKov. " Vigorous," in a good sense here, as at 37. b. 
 
 ouSi yap efeiv. " Por he thinks you will actually not know what to do 
 with him :" that, seeing him so unconscionably insolent, you will give up 
 any idea of punishing him in despair. 
 
 55. a. " Public speeches," generally used in a had sense of mob-oratory, 
 as also the cognate substantive and verb. Plato, Gorg. 482, c. 520, B. &o. 
 The genitives are rather governed by lueKa than dependent on SUriii. 
 
 £1/ dlt KaipoTs. This is an admirable correction of the ordinary tois 
 Kaipoii, the expression being equivalent to koI l^eveKo) tZv naipwv iv oh 
 UKua-Ta SriiiriyopeL. Demosthcnes reproaches him not only with the speeches 
 he makes, but with the occasions he selects for delivering them. 
 
 b. Tuv SeovTmv here amounts to "good tidings," the news that something 
 has occun'ed which the state required. 
 
§ 55'J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 127 
 
 airayyeXdy ry -iroXei, Kal toiovtov oilov eiijipaVM irav- 
 Tas, ovSafiov •Kwirore MetBia^ t&v avjnjSofJiivcov ovBe 
 Twv avyxaipovTcov i^yrdcrOi] tS Bi^fim, &v Be n ^"Kav- 
 pov, h jMriBeb^ av ^ovXovto t&v aXXcov, irpSiros aveaTrjKev 
 ev0ia><; Kal Brjfiriiyopei, iirefi^alvmv tc3 icaip^ Kal ttjs 
 airCOTrrj^ airoKavmv, rjv eVi t£ nrepl t&v av/M^e^rjKOTcav 
 wxOeaOai iroiela-Oe vfteis ' " toiovtoi jdp icrTe, & avBpes c. 
 'AdTjvaloi' ovBe <yap e^ep^eaOe, ovS^ oXeaQe Beiv ^(prjiiaTa 
 ela^ipetv. elra Oav/jjd^er' el KaKws to, irpdr/fiad' v/uv 
 e'xet ; ifj,e oLeaff vfiiv elcrolcreiv, vfieii Be vefJbeZcrOai ; 
 e/ie oleade TpiTjpapyfjaeitV, v/iels B' ovk ifM^TJcrea'dai, ;" 
 
 olov elirppSvat. " Of suoh a character, as to delight." oTos in this con- 
 struction takes the place of HaTe, with the same structure of the sentence : 
 it often stands without the antecedent toiovtos, as in Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 3, &c. 
 JProm this use of olos arose the phrase olos t£, "able." See Madv. § 166. c. 
 
 e^riT&aSn. " Was to be reckoned among :" so De Fals. Leg. p. 434, 1. 23, 
 i-jldpuiv i^sT. We have noticed a somewhat similar use at § 44. b. The 
 genitives which follow are obviously partitive. 
 
 av Si Tt <p\avpov. "But if there he any bad news." (piXavpis is 
 only a collateral form of <pau\os, and can be applied to anything bad of its 
 kind, 
 
 ivetrrtiKcii. " Is on his legs :" this tense is more vigorous than the present, 
 iviaTa-rat, would have been. 
 
 eirefi^alptav. The Latin insuUans : here, "being severe on the occasion ;" 
 not exactly the same sense as Soph. ^l. 456, i-)U>^dis eire/n/S., " trampling on 
 foes." 
 
 T^s <rmiir^s, k. t. X. "Making profit of the silence which you keep on 
 being distressed at what has occurred :" i. e. taking advantage of the mournful 
 silence of the assembly to deliver his insulting harangues. On this use of 
 iirl see Madv. § 73. 2. e. 
 
 0. tojoDtoi yap. Contemptuous: "It is because you are suoh crea- 
 tures." e£e/o>;. i. e. for military services, as § 53. d., &o. : of course, he only 
 addresses individuals, not the whole state, in attributing their misfortunes 
 to neglect of duties. 
 
 cltripipeiv.' See note on Trpoeiaipipeiv, § 42. b. oliK oteade Seiv is the 
 common trajection for oleade oi SeZv, as ou is also constructed with 4>q/ii and 
 some other verbs of opinion. 
 
 el often thus takes the place of 3ti, after verbs which express a feeling of 
 pride or shame. Madv. § 194. c. 
 
 veiieladai. " To share among you the money" which he pays as property- 
 tax. These future infinitives are, by Markland's conjecture for the ordinary 
 reading, future indicatives. 
 
 ef^naeadai. "To go on board," i.e. serve in the vessel which he, as 
 trierarch, provides. 
 
128 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 55} 5^' 
 
 d. Toiavd" v^pi^av Kal rrjv a-rro Tfj<i ifrvxfis TriKpiav 580 
 KoX Kaxovoeav, rjv Kara tS>v iroXKSiV vfiaiv e')(U)V 
 acpavf] Trap' eavrS ■jrepiip^eTai, <j)avepav em toO 
 Kaipov Ka9iaTd<;. Set rolvvv, S) dvBpe<; 'Adijvaloi, Koi 
 Vfj,d<; ovTO) vvv, orav e^aTraTcbv Kal ^evaici^aiv oSvprjrai 
 
 e. Koi Kkdy Kal hk'qTat,, TavO' vwo^aXkeiv avTa> ' " TOi- 
 0VT0<; yap et, MeoSla • vjSpoa-rrjs yap el, ovk e'^eXet? 
 e')(eiv wapa aeavToi rcb %etp6. elra davfid^et^ el KaKo<; 
 KaKm^ aTToXei; dXKa vofiL^eis ■^fids fiev dvi^eadal <rov, 
 avTo<; Be rvTrrijcreiv ; Kal ^fid'i fjuev d'rro'^^i^i.eltjdaL a-ov, 
 ai) Be 0X1 Travaecrdab ; ' 
 
 56. a. ■^0"' l3orj6ov<riv ot \eyovTes virep avrov ov^' ovtco 
 TOVTm 'x^apiaaaOai fid Toii^ 0eov<; ^ovXofievoi, as eTTTj- 
 ped^eiv ifiol Bid Trjv IBlav e'^6pav, Tjv ovto? avTW 
 
 diri) T^s \f'ux5s. "In his inmost soul." So en: t^s i/c., Xen. ^». Tin. 7j 43. 
 The idiom differs only slightly from our own, as the feeling must be in 
 that site from which it issues. 
 
 KaKo'i/omi/, K.T.X. "Malice which he goes ahout cherishing in secret 
 within himself against you, the commons, and on occasion makes it 
 manifest." irepiepx. implies that he has this feeling in him wherever he 
 goes, in his own heart, but carefully disguised, till opportunity offers. 
 
 vwoPaKXeiv, often in the sense of "suggest," Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 55, &o., here 
 means, rather, " to retort." 
 
 e. Ix^i-v wapa croLUTw, k, t. X. " To keep your hands to yourself," you 
 are too fond of laying them upon other people. 
 
 iXka Ko/iiijeis, K. t. \. " Nay ! Think you that we shall submit to your 
 blows while you inflict them; and that we shall acquit you, while you 
 refuse to desist from violence ?" The use of ixiv and &6 is most effective in 
 this passage, but our absence of any corresponding particles preclude us 
 from anything except a paraphrase. iiro\f/ri^. is used with the same sense 
 in the -De Fals. Leg. 401^ 1. 8. Eeiske reads o\>ii omm iraua-., and o-e is a 
 various reading on <tO. Buttmann defends his own text, as most agreeable 
 to the genius of the language, and the anthetio passage, c. 
 
 66. a. Kul I3orieov!rw. The majority of texts have the indicative future 
 instead of present, but the latter is more graphic. Kal is in the sense of 
 Ka'iToi. : of. i/ys. c. Andoc. p. 107, 48. 
 
 oBtos. Not, as generally, the "defendant," but Bubulus, who is in 
 court, and at whom the orator points : the quarrel referred to arose about 
 the case of Aristarchus, § 29. a. Translate : " By reason of the private 
 enmity which this man declares to exist between himself and me, whether 
 
§ S^-J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 129 
 
 irpoi e/j,€, av t' eyo) ^a> dv re fir] <}>&, tfyr/alv elvat, koX 
 ^id^erai ovk opO&s. ciXKa KivSvvevei to \iav evrvveiv 
 ivune ejra'xdeK iroielv ' owov yap eyai /lev ovSe ireirov- b. 
 6m<i KaK&i; i'^Opov etvai p,oi tovtov ofMokoyw, ovTO<i Be 
 ovS' oujiievTa a^vrjaiv, aXKa KaX evl tois dWoTplois 
 arfwaiv airavTa koX vvv dva^ijo'erai, fii]Bk ttji; KOivrj(; 
 reap voficov emKovpias d^i&v ifwl p-erelvat, ttw? ovv 
 ovTos eira-j^ryi eoTiv tjStj koI fiei^cav rj icaff o<jov -qp^v 
 CKaaTtp a-vp^epei ; ert Toivvv 7rapr}v, w dvBpe^ ■'Adijvaioi, c. 
 Kai KaOrjro Eu/SouXos ep tw 6edTp<p, ore 6 Bfipo<i Kare- 
 •XeiporopTjae MeiSiov, koX Kokovpepo^ opop^currX dpri- 
 
 ^0\oVPTOi TOVTOV KOU, XtTTapOVPTOS, W? UyttCt? LO-Te, OVK d. 
 
 dpeaTT). Kal prjp el p.ep p,7]SeP rjBlK'qKOTO's rp/elTO Tr)p 
 
 581 irpo^o\r}v yeyeirijaOai, tot' eSei top ye (j)i'\op Sijirov 
 
 avpenreip Kal ^oijOrjaat ' el Se KaTor/poix; dSiKetv Tore 
 
 I admit or deny the fact." &v tc, synonymous with are. On /Sia^eriM, 
 see § 12. a. 
 
 iXXi KivSuveia. " But extreme good fortune sometimes happen to make 
 people unpleasant." He speaks of Eubulus below as a statesman of power 
 and influence, to which circumstance the words \iav eiiT. refer. 
 
 oiiSi ireTTorBdit. "I myself, even after receiving injury at his hands, do 
 not admit he is my enemy." The details of the injury are given at § 29: it 
 was Eubulus who included Demosthenes in the charge of murder. 
 
 ovff i^ian-a. "Does not let me off, though I let him off:" insists that 
 there is a quarrel between us, and adis accordingly. 
 
 iiravTa. "Encounters:" often thus in the sense of hostility : by iXXor- 
 pioK are implied the cases of Aristarchus, Midias, && 
 
 ivap-naeToi. "He will ascend the bema" to speak against me: as the 
 speech would be prohibitive of a verdict in favour of Demosthenes, the 
 negative that follows is obviously /irf. 
 
 liei^av V Ka8' Saau. "More powerful than is consistent with our indi- 
 vidual interests." A favourite use of S tari after a comparative, cf. Thucyd, 
 Ti. 15, &o. Similar constructions are made with S vpn and h HoTe. 
 Madv. § 90. K. 4. 
 
 c. ivriPoXovvm. This word and \iirapovvT<K imply the wrgeney of 
 Midias' entreaty : it was inconsistent in Eubulus to remain silent when the 
 plaint was being laid, and now to come forward and speak in favour of the 
 accused, to whose appeal he had then dedined to respond. 
 
 d. iiSucriKOTos. We have had an instance of a genitive dependent on 
 irpoPoXii, in § 5. a. tot ye ^iXov. "A friend, I presume:* ironically 
 implying that he was no resd friend. 
 
 el Si Karayvom. "But if he condemned Midias to be guilty then, and on 
 
 S 
 
130 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 5^, 57' 
 
 Si^ ravT* ov^ inrrjKovtje, vvv h', on TrpocTKeKpovKev ifiol, 
 Sia ravra tovtov e^aiT'^a-erai, Vfuv ov^^ koXws ej(ei 
 ')(apt(Taa6ai ' firj jap ecTTO) fiijSels iv Brj/jbOKpaTia 
 rrfKiKovros wtrre (Tvveiirmv tov fiev v^piaOai, tov 
 
 e. te ixrj Bovvai Blktjv iroiricrai,. ahX' el KaKUi<; efj,e 
 ^ovKei TTOielv. Evj3ov\e, d>s eyaye fia roii'; deoi/'i ov/c 
 oiBa av6' oTov, Bvvaaai, fiev koX TroXirevei, Kara tov'j 
 vofiovs B' rjiiTiva iSovXei Trap' ifiov Biktjv \d/j,/3ave, Ssv 
 S' iyw irapa toiis v6fiov<; v^piaOijv, firj fju' acpaopou ttjv 
 
 f. TificopLUv. el B' aTTopei'i eKeivcot; fie Kaic5i<; iroifjcrai, eir} 
 av Kal TovTO crrjfieiov T-ris ep,rj<i eTTieiiceias, el tovi aX- 
 Xow? paBiws Kplvoov efie firjBev ej^^et? e(j> otw tovto 
 irotrjorei^. 
 
 57. a. Ueirvafiai, toIvvv Kal ^tXnnrlBiji' Kal Mvijaap'x^i- 
 Btjv Kal Aiojifjbov TOV EvfOfVfiia Kal toiovtovm rivas 
 
 that account did not attend -to his appeal, whereas now he will beg him off, 
 because he (Eubulus) has had a quarrel with myself, it is not right for you 
 to oblige him, by acquitting Midias. For let not any man ever be of suola 
 power in a democracy that by his advocacy he may make one man the 
 victim of insult, and another exempt from penalty \" If he succeeded in 
 deUvering the offender from the penalty of his insult, he would leave the 
 victim under the burden of his unatoned outrage : the words tSp /iew 
 sppitrdai are, however, inserted mainly for the sake of the antithesis; of 
 course no advocacy could produce this result, it would only tend to it. 
 
 e. MS eymye. "As, indeed, I know not why you should." The ms is 
 relative to the expression /cmc. /SouX. iroieiv., and the whole sentence is 
 quite parenthetic. 
 
 Siva<Tai =: Sui/ao-T^s el. The leading statesmen, ol irokiTevonevoi, vindi- 
 cated their position by their own efforts, rather than by state appointments, 
 but their influence was, of course, very extensive. 
 
 khtA vofiovi. The emphasis is on these words, introduced for the sake of 
 antithesis to the irapi. t. v. immediately following. 
 
 57. a. ^LKnTnrihr]^, k. t. \. N othing is known of these persons except 
 that Diotimus is mentioned in the Be Corona, p. 264, 265, as having armed 
 some troops with shields at his own expense, and receiving a golden crown 
 for these services. This, perhaps, is the same individualj and the name of 
 his deme, Euonymia, is added to distinguish him from Diotimus Icariensis, 
 who is stigmatized as a profligate in the speech against Conon, p. 1267. 
 Possibly, Mnesarchides and Phihppides were of equally good character 
 with Diotimus of Euonymia, and the orator, therefore, continues, that he 
 should be mad to say anything to their dispar^ement. If they were men 
 of bad reputation, the remark would be ironical. 
 
§ 57"] &EMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. iSl 
 
 rrXova-Covs koI rpirjpdpxovs i^aLTija-eaOai koI Xivapj]- 
 a-eiv Trap' vp,a)v avrov, avTols d^iovvTo^ Bodfjvai ttjv 
 X'ipi'i' TavTTjv. TTepl &v ovSh av eiTTOi/jbi ■Trpb's v/j,a<i 
 ^Xavpov 670) • KoX yhp dv fiaivoiij/qv. dXK" a Oewpelv 
 iifids, orav ovtoi hemvTai, Set Kal Xoyi^eadai,, tuvt' 
 epS). evQvp^'ia'ff , w dvSpe<; StKaaTal, el yivoivro, b jxi] b. 
 ryevotTO ovB' effrat, ovrot Kvpcoi Trj^ iroKireia<; /lera 
 MeiSiOV Koi T&v 6/ioLmv rovrqt, Kai tis vfimv r&v "ttoX- 
 \a>v Kal Srj/ionK&v dvOpmircov afiapTmv e'is riva tovtwv, 
 firj Toiavd' oia Meihia'i ek ifJ-e, ciXTC otiovv aX\o, eh 
 StKacTTrjpiov elcTLOi •jreTfX.'r]pco/j,evov ex Tovrmv, tI>vo's trm- 
 rpjoap/ris fj rivo'i Xojou Tvyelv av meaOe ; Ta^v^ 7' dv 
 yapiaaivro, oil yap ; rj Serjdivn ra t&v ttoKK&v "jrpocy- 
 583 <'"%otei', dXX' ovk dv evdias emotev " tov Be /3da-Kavov,- c. 
 Tov Be oXedpov, tovtov Be v^pi^eiv, dvaTTveuv Be ; ov e'i 
 ■n<s ea ^rjv, dya-rrdv eBet ;" p,}/ toLvvv, Si avBpes 'Adrjvahi,, 
 Toi)Toi,<i Tols ovT<o j^/aT/ffa/ieyot? dv ifiiv dXKo}'; ircoi 
 kx^re vfieit, pjjBe tov ttKovtov p/qBe rrjv So^av ttjv 
 rovTccv davfid^rCf dXX' v/ji,d<; avTov<s. iroKKa TavToig d. 
 dr/a6d iaTiv, a tovtoix; oiiBeh KmXvei KeKTrjcdai ' pJrj 
 
 Xiwapvaeiv. Schsefer has no comma before the words irap' v/jlohi^ and 
 takes Xi-Trapvaeiv to have the same sens© as e^aiTTiaeaSai (with which it 
 stands in close connection), as though the ward were cKXiirapnlrew = to beg 
 him off from your tribunal. With the reading of Buttman's text, irap' 
 ifjiuiv must be taken to belong to Sedjji/ai, 
 
 b. o «ij yewojTo is quite parenthetic. "Which heaven forbid, and which 
 surely will never be." Taxi ye. " They would shew him mercy directly, 
 wouldn't they ?" The words -raxi ye are a well-known ironical formula : 
 cf. jEsoh. c. Tim. p. 175. Aristoph. iV«J. 647. Dem. c Aristog. i. p. 798, 1. 20. 
 The question, ou yip ; is c(uite parenthetic, as in Dem. c. Aristocr. p. 673, 
 1. 19. Ka\.d ye, ou yap; (j) dvdpes AdrivaloL, t& yeypa/xfieva. The latter 
 phrase is also appropriate to an ironical sentence. 
 
 0. -riv Si patTxavov. "Oh! the slanderous miscreant!" An aoousatiye 
 of indignation, which is often thus constructed absolutely, though it is more 
 common to see an infinitive following, as in the next sentence. Madv. 
 § 168. a. 3. The parallel con«truotion in Latin is well known, e. g. Mene 
 incepto desistere victam. The whole passage is very like one in Livy, 
 B. IV. 3 : " Luois vobis hujus partem si lioeat adimant : quod spiralis, quod 
 vocem mittitis, quod formas hominum habetis indignantur." 
 
133 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 57, 58. 
 
 Tolvvv nf)h' ovToi rrp/ aBeiav, fjv fifiZv Koivfjv oiiaiav 
 58. a. 0' vofjboi •Kape')(pvai, Kwkvovrcav KeKTrjcrOat. ovSev Seivov 
 ovS" iXeewbv MetStas TreLcrerai, av 'i<ra Knjarjrai, rot? 
 TToXXow vfimv, ov<; vvv v^pi^ei koX TrTCO'Xpv<s diroKaXei, 
 a 8e vvv irepiovi' axiTov v^pL^eiv itralpei, -TrepiaLpeOrj. 
 
 b. ovB' ovroi hrjirov ravff vfiwv elat BiKaioo Seladai,, " /mt) 
 Kara TOii? vofiovs Si/cdarjre, w dvSpes ScKacrral' fir) 
 ^orjOrjarjTe rm -TreTrovdoTi Betvd • fir] eiiopKeire ' rjfuv Sore 
 rrjv X'^'P''" Tavrrfv." tovtu ydp, dv ti Sewvrat "Trepl tov- 
 
 e. Toy, her)tT0VTab, Kov fir) ravra Xiytoa-t rd prjfiara. dXK' 
 eiirep eial ^iXoi, Kal Beivov el fir) TrXovTijaei MeiZias 
 •^yovvrai, elerl fiev et? ra /idXtcrr' avrot, irXovcrioi, Kal 
 KaXa^ TTOiovcTi, xpVf^oTa B' aiirS Trap' eavrav Bovtcov, iv' 
 vfiei<i fiev e(p' 0I9 ela-'qXdere oficofioKore^ BiKatcov •<lrrj<f)L<7r)(7de, 
 ovTOi Be trap avToiV Td<; ')(dpvTa<;, iir) fierd Tr)s vfieTepa<; 
 aia'xyvrjs, •jroitovrai. el B' aiiToi ^PVf^'^'^ e'XpvTe<; (it) 
 irpooivr' dv, ttw? vfilv KaXov rbv opKov Trpoeo'dai ; 
 
 d. UXovcrioi, TToWol crvvecTTrjKOTev, & dvBpe<Ji Adrjvaioi, 
 TO BoKelv nvh elvac Bt' einroplav •7rpo(7eiXrj(p6Te<;, vfiSsv 
 
 58. a. lo-o KTwo-tiTai. If Midias, by a heavy fine, be deprived of the 
 greater portion of his property, he will only be reduced to the level of the 
 commons; it will be no great injustice or hardship to him. 
 
 irepiovT. " His superfluous," i. e. excessive, wealth. The general reading 
 (supported by Spalding) was vepuovTa, the idea being of a man roving 
 about the citjf, and committing outrages wherever he went. Buttmann, 
 however, considers that this would be less apphcable to Midias than to 
 Alcibiades. 
 
 b. &v Ti Seiovrai. "This is what they will entreatj if they make any 
 entreaty at all about the defendant ;" i. e. this will be the sum and substance 
 of their request, though not, of course, anything like their actual words. 
 
 c. TXouTiiij-ei. An excellent emendation for the ordinary irXovr^tn). 
 Cf. § 37. b. ei fjiTj irpoTrrihtKiel d^iuyrov wbto eo-eo-dat ai/Tt^, 
 
 Kal KaXms ttoiouiti. "And 1 am very glad of it," a favourite and purely 
 idiomatic use, the literal sense being "they are very right in so prospering." 
 A somewhat similar structure to the sentence etirep 6i(rl....ioi'Tmi/ willbe 
 found at § 56. e. 
 
 irpoouir' dv. The optative thus combined with av represents a modified 
 future, and can therefore be properly combined with el in a conditional 
 protasis. Cf. vEsch. Ag. 930. 
 
 d. Tivet elvai. "To be people of importance :" the very common use of 
 xis; as in Eur. M.939. Theoor. xi. 79. &c. 
 
§§ S^J 59'J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 133 
 
 583 irapiaai Se7)a6/ievoi. Tovrtov fJ/ijBevi fie, & avhpes 'Adv- 
 vaioi, irporiade, dW' &cnrep eKatrroi; tovtcov virep t&v 
 iSia a-vfi<j)ep6pT(ov koX vwep rovrov avrovSda-erai, ourws 
 u/tet? VTrep vfi&v avrav km, t&v vofitov kol ifiov tow e^'' 
 viia<i Karaire^evyoTos (nrovBq,aaT6, koX rrjp^aaTe rijv 
 yvco(j/r]v ravrrjv i(f>' ^? vvv eare. koX j^p ei fiev, w 59.a. 
 dvBpe<i 'AffTjvatoi, Toff or ^v fj irpo^oKr], to, TreTrpay/jLeva 
 o S7}fio<! aKOvaa<; dTre'xeipoTovtjcre MeiSiov, ovk av op^oiai^ 
 r]v Seivov Kal yap fifj yeyevrjcrdai, Kal fir/ irepl rrjv 
 eoprrjv aSiKijfiara ravT elvai, koX ttoXXo; av et%e tk 
 avTov irapa/ivOr^aaadai. vvv Be tovto leal iravriov av b. 
 /loi Betvorarov avfju^airj, ei trap aira /lev TaBiK'^/iaTa 
 OUT to s opyiKto^ Kal 7riKpa><{ koI ■ya\e7rS)<s diravre^ evpvre^ 
 i(f)aivea-0e &crre NeovroXe/Mv Kal ]\^in]crap^iBov Kal 
 ^iXiTTjrlBov Kal rivrnv :ro)V a^oBpa irKovaiav rovrcov Beo- 
 fieveov Kal ifiov Kal vfi.Sfv e^oare fir) a^eivai, Kal trpo- 
 aeXdovToi fnok BXeiraLov tov rpave^lrov rTfKiKovT c. 
 dveKpar/ere, d)<}, tovt eKeivo, "xprnjuaTa fiov XTji^ofievov, 
 
 59. a. lih yey emjadai. "Por one might have been able to console oneself 
 with the idea that the offences were never committed, or that they were not 
 offences against the festival, or many notions beside." /ti •yeysK. is equiva^ 
 lent to Td iiri •yeycu. (Kennedy.) tis refers to Demosthenes himself. The 
 use of copulative conjunctions in Greek, as Kal, where we should rather use 
 diqunctives, as "or," is almost too common to need iUnstration. A good 
 one is found in Aristot. .B^A. III, 7. e^' A/»»i' eai-ai tA kirieiKeai. xai ^au- 
 Xo» elvaL, 
 
 b. irap' airTa:=: parallel in point of time to the offences themselves, 
 i. e. " at the moment of the offence." A favourite Demosthenic use of 
 nrapa. Cf. 0. Zenothem., 884, 3, &c. 
 
 Tiviov. The Codex August., and some other good codices, add the word 
 IkXKuiv, but unnecessarily, according to Schsefer, as the sense is conspicuous 
 without it. 
 
 c. iveKpaycTe is of sudden exclamations, as kpoS.-re, above, was of con- 
 tinuous clamour. Of toDt' iKeivo, which follows, Buttmann remarks that 
 it is the common formula to denote anything well known, and of constant 
 recurrence, (Heind. on Plat. Phcedr. 40,) and its construction is like that of 
 Toivavriov, &c., already noticed. Bender: "Believing I should do what so 
 many others do, accept money in compromise." 
 
134 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 59. 
 
 &<TTe fie, Si dvSpei; 'Adr)va2oi, (f>o^r]divTa rov ii/j^erepov 
 66pvj3ov OolfiaTiov Trpoeadai nai p,i,Kpov <yvixvov ev Tt^ 
 ')((,TaivL<TKa) yepeadai, (jjevyovra SKeivov eXKovrd fjbe, koI 
 fjiera ravra airavTWVTe^ " ottois eVefet ra) fiiapw icai p/rf 
 BtaXvaet' ffedaovTai ae ri iroirjcreK AOTjva^oi, '" Toiavra 
 XeyovTe<; " eVetS^ Se KS'x^eipoTOVTjTai jjuev vjSpis to irpd- 
 
 d. 7/ita elvai, iv iepco S' ol Taina Kpivovre<; Ka6e^op,evoi, 
 Sieyvcoaav, Siep^eiva B' e<y<b koX ov TrpovBaica ov6' v/x,d<! 
 ovT ifjiavTov, T7]VLKavT' d'!ro'\ln](f>ielcrde vfi€t<;. firjSafiMS • 
 iravra ydp to. aiayiuTa eveffTiv iv too irpdyixan. el/u 
 
 e. B' oil TovTcov vpZv d^io^ {rirco? ydp, & dvBpes ' Adr^vaioi, ;) 584 
 
 KpivCOV dvdpCDTTOV Kol BoKOVVTa Kol OVTU ^LaiOV KOi 
 
 vl3pi(TTrjv, '^p.aprrjKOTa daeXyas iv wavriyvpei,, fidpTvpa<; 
 Trjs V/Sjoeco? Trjs eavrov ireiroiTjp^evov ov fiovov v/j,d<;, 
 dWd KM, Toil? iTTiB^jfiija-avTai; diravras twv ' EXkrjvmv. 
 fjKovcrev o Brjfios rd ire-Trpay/ietti TOVTto. tL odv ; Vfuv 
 
 f. KaTa')^€i,poTOV'i^a-a<; irapeBcoKev. ov roivvv olov re d^avrj 
 TTjv yvcoatv vfimv yeviadai, ovBe 'KaOeiv, ovB' dve^eTacrTov 
 elvai Tt Trod' o)? w/ifi? tov irpdr/p.aTO'i iK66vTo<; eyvcore ' 
 dW idv fiev KoXda-rjre, Bo^ere aa)(f>poves etpai kol koXoI 
 KayaOol koX pjiaoirovrjpoi, dv B' dcpfjre, dXXov tiv6<; 
 
 eiregEi. "Be sure you prosecute the wretch." This construction of 
 oirws with the future is most simply explained by presuming an ellipse of 
 (ppoirri^e, or some such word. Madv. § 123, and B. 1. 
 
 iwavTmvTe^—XiyovTes. These particles refer to the verb etpaivende 
 in b. The series of the sentences runs thus : Trap' auxd fiev TidiK-nfiaTa 
 ouTMS dpyi\o}9 6)(oyTes etpaiveirde limre — ejSoaTe — koX &veKpdyeTe — Kai 
 fjL6Ta n-auTa [e(^aii/6(T0e] iiram-itji/Te^ — Xeyoyres* eTreiStj de Ke\eLpoT6vii\'rai — 
 diroi^ijc^iero-Be. The anacoluthoD is logical rather than grammaticjil : to 
 make the sentence compact, he should have written dTrij^Ta-re, but the word 
 etpaiuecrSe, still in the speaker's mind, caused him to deviate into the parti- 
 cipial construction. 
 
 d. ev Upm. "They who passed sentence gave it while seated in a 
 temple," which added solemnity to the proceeding. 
 
 TTiviKavra is thus used to answer eweiSi';, in §§ 26. c. 44. c, in all which 
 places it has the force of " now," though not with reference to time, but to 
 the antithesis of events. 
 
§§ 595 ^'^■J BEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS, 135 
 
 ijTTrjirdai. oil ycbp eK 7ro\m/C7j9 alrias, ovS" wairep g, 
 Api(rro<pa>v diroSov^ Toii? (TTe(^dvov'i ekvcre Tr)v irpo^o- 
 Xrjv, dXX i^ vj3pea)<;, eK rov firjBev av a>v Treirol'ijKev 
 dvaXvcrai Svvacr6ab Kplverai. -rroTep' oSj/ tovtov jevo- 60.a. 
 fievov KpeiTTOv avdis fj vvvl Kokdaai ; iyoi fiev otfiai 
 vvV Koivr) jhp 57 Kpiais, koX TaStKij/iara iravr' i^' 
 ois VVV KpCverai Kotvd. 1 
 
 ' Eri, Be ovK ifie ervTrrev, a avSpe^ ''ABrjvaloi, /lovovh. 
 odros ouS' v^pi^e ry Btavoia Tore, iroi&v ota eiroiei, 
 ciXKa iravTW}, Q(rov<; irep av. o'iTjraC rt? rjTTOv ifiov 
 BvvaaTai, Blkitjv virep avrSiv Xa^elv. el Be fir) travre's 
 eiraieaOe, firjSe irdvTes iirrjped^ea'de j(ppr}jovvTe';, 'iare 
 B^irov Tov6', on ovB' i^opriyelO' dfjt,a Trdvrei, ovBe BvvaiT 
 av "Trod' vfia<i a/iravTas /JbiS^ %s*P' ovBei<; TrpoirTfkaKiaat,, 
 dW orav eh 6 TraOmv fifi Xd^rj BiKr/V, rod' maa-Tov C. 
 avTov ^(pr) irpotrBoKav rov irpoiTov fierd ravr ctSiKTjcrofibe- 
 vov r^evrjaeaOai, koI fiTj -irapopdv rd Toiavra, fj/rjB' ecj)' 
 eavTov eXOeiv •n'epi/ieveiv, dXX' a>s e« TrXeia-rov ^vXdr- 
 TeaOab. fiiaet MeiBiw; 'laws ifie, vfj,&v Be 76 eKoarov d. 
 aXXo<i Tt9. dp' ovv crvy')(a)prj(TaiT dv tovtov, octtis eariv 
 eKOcrro'i 6 fiiaStv, Kvpiov jiryveadai. rov ravd', direp o5to9 
 
 g. oiS liairep. " Nor is his case like that of Aristophon's when he gave 
 up the crowns, and so stopped the prosecution." TJlpian informs us that 
 Aristophou retained possession of some tithes which ought to have been 
 invested in purchasing crowns for Pallas. Eubulus laid a plaint against 
 him, but before the day of trial Aristophou presented the crowns to the 
 shrine, and so escaped. It would simplify the construction to insert iis after 
 'ApLCTT., with Eeiske. But of. Plato, Sympos. 179, B. 189. c. JEp. vil. 333. A. 
 
 ixri&iv av. This force of av is very elegant : Midias is tried because he did 
 such deeds as, if he wished it ever so much, he could not make undone. 
 
 60. 0. iSucriaouevou. This passive form has been already noticed at 
 § 10. b., last note. 
 
 d. lo-ojs refers not only to the words MeiStds i/ii, but to the whole 
 sentence including, from u/xav to 3\Xos tis. 
 
 ap' olv (ruyxwp'io'aiT' av. " Would you allow, whoever it be that hates 
 you, each to have the power of doing to each of you what the defendant has 
 done to me ?" 
 
136 DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§§ 60, 6l. 
 
 i/ie, v/J,S>v eKaarov Troirjaai, / eyo) fiev ovk oifiai. fiij 
 roivvv /J,r)B' ifie, & dvSpe^ 'Adrjvaloi Trporjade Toxncp. 
 e. opare Se • avTiKa Bf) fiaXa, iireihav avacTfj ro StKaa-Trj~ 
 piov, els eKacTTOs v/JiWP, 6 fiev duTTov tacos, o oe 
 c'XpXaiTepov, oikoB^ aireuriv ovSev <j)povTi^cov ovBe fiera- 
 arpe<^6fievo<; ovSe ipo^ovfievos, ovt ei <f>lXo<! ovt' el fit} 
 <l>l\o<i avTm awrev^ejai tis, oiiBe ye el /j,eya<; rj fiiicpo^, 
 ovS" el la')(ypo<i rj dcrOevij^, ovBe tS>v toiovtcov ovBiv • tI 
 BijiroTe ; on rrj '\jrv)(r} tout' oiBe Kot Oappet Kal ire- 
 irlcxTevKe Trj TroXiTeia, fiijBeva eK^etv fj/rjB' v^pielv firjBk 
 61. a. TV7rT7]aeiv. elr' i<^' y dBeia avTol iropeveade, TavTtjv ov 
 0e^ai,coaavTes i/jLol ^aBteicrde ; kol rivi 'xprj fie Xoyia-fim 
 nrepielvai ravra iraQovTa, el ii epbo-^ecrOe fie vvv vfieK ; 
 ddppei vTj Ala, (prjaeie ris dv. ov yap er ovBev v^pi(7- 
 drjcrei. edv Be, tot' opyielaOe, vvv d<f>evTe<! / fi-qBafiSis, & 
 dvBpe? BiKaaral, p/r) irpoBrnTe p,rjT' e/j,e fi'^6' vfias avToiis 
 h. pirjTe Toil's vo/iovi. Kal yap aiirb tovto el OeKoiTe 
 (TKOTrelv Kal ^7]Teiv, Ta iror' elcrlv vfiav ol ael Bixd^ovTe^ 
 l(Tj(ypol Kal Kvpioi Tcov ev ry TroXet iravrmv, eav Te 
 BtaKocrlov; edv Te 'x^tXiov; edv d' OTroaovi av ■^ ttoXis 
 Kadlvri, ovTe T&5 fieff oirXwv eivai a-vvTeToy/jievoi fiovoi 
 
 e. aiiTM cTvvTeu^eTai. We should rather expect eayrS here; and eouTov 
 instead of abr&Vj before 'iX^ew. It is certainly a deviation from the strict 
 law of construction. Cf. §§ 35. b. 39. c. 
 
 61. a. Ti'i/i Xoyiafiw. " What reflection should induce me to survive this 
 treatment and continue to hve, if you shall leave me now without redress ?" 
 A somewhat corrupt passage, as Taylor and Reiske agree, but our text is 
 quite intelligible. 
 
 b. lied' oirXoiv, k. t. \. We must not suppose that the jury were actually 
 armed, any more than that they were composed of the youngest and 
 strongest citizens : the orator means, that none of these points constitute 
 their authority, but the strength of the law itself. With eiipoiT' &, supply 
 from above itrxypoi elvaiy for the words Koi ^aXi<rTa.,..5tKa^oi/Tas depend 
 on the article tw, as is clear from the antithesis, iXKA. tw Tois vo/xou^ 
 io-x""" ; to make this antithesis more perfect, the subject, toIs SiKa^ovTas, 
 is changed into an accusative in order to correspond with toJs vo/iovt. It 
 is strange that the author should return to the nominative in the word 
 veiiTOToi, and this has led to tous iucijoin-as being placed in brackets. 
 
§§ 6l, 62.J DEMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. 137 
 
 rtov aXKwv iroXnmv, evpoir' av, ovre Ta ra amfiar' 
 apiara e^eiv Kal fiaKia-ra la-xyeiv [roix; BiKa^ovras], 
 586 ovTe tS Trjv 'fjKiKlav ehai vemraToi, oiire t&v toiovtcHv 
 oioevl, aWa tt}' tSjv vofitov la-'xyi. rj Se rav vofiojv c. 
 i(r^v9 Tts iariv ; ap' edv tk vp,5>v aSiKovfievog avaKpayy, 
 ■vrpocrSpa/iovvTai Kal irapea-ovTai, ffoTjOovvre'i ; ov ' •ypajM- 
 fxara ryap yeypa/ifiiva ia-rl, koI ov'^l SuvaiVT av rovro 
 •JToiTja-ai. TLS ovv ri Svva/J,is avT&v ea-TUD ; v/iei^ iav 
 ^e^aicoTe airovs Kal ■irape')(7jTe Kvplovi del rm Beop,iv(p. d. 
 ovKovv 01 vofioi re vfily elcriv IfT-^^vpol Kal v/j,62<i rot? 
 vofiotf. Set Totvvv TOVTOK ^OTjdeiv ofjLoicos wairep av 
 avTw Tb<i dhiKovfihxp, Kal to, twv vo/jlwv dBiKijfiara Koivd 
 vofii^etv, e<f>' OTov irep av \ap,^dvrjTai,, Kal /zjjre Xei- 
 Tovpyiai fiijT eXeov firjr! dvSpa p,r]Seva firjTe reyvTjv 
 fiTjSefiiav evprjadat fiij-r" dXXo jj,r]Bev Bt' otov ■jrapa^d's 
 Tis Toils vofiov; oil Bdaaet Blkijv. 
 
 Tfitov 01 Oem/ievoi rot? Aiovv<tLois elaiovra eh to 62.a. 
 Oearpov tovtov iavpiTTeTe Kal iKXco^ere, Kal Trdvra a 
 fiUTOVi ecTTt a-qp.ela eTraieiTe oiiBev dKTjKooTes irco -jrepl 
 avTov trap ifwv. eha trplv fiev iXeyxdrjvai to 7rpdjp,a 
 wpiyi^eade, TrpoiiKaXei(rd' im Tifimpiav tov iraQovTa, 
 eKpoTeid', OTe Trpoii/SaXo/irjv aiiTov iv tS> Bi]/J.a> ' iireiSr) 
 B' i^eXijXeyKTai, Kal TrpOKareyvtoKev 6 Brjfios tovtov eh 
 lepov Kade^ofievos, Kal ToXXa vpoere^TaaTat tcL ireTrpa- 
 yfieva tS fiiapai Tointo, Kal BiKdaovTeg eiXif^are, Kal 
 
 d. iftli' elcrw lirx- " The laws are strong by you, and you by the laws." 
 These datives are of the agent and instrument. 
 
 t4 T-iuv vo/iaiv. " Against the laws." Buttmann would prefer inserting 
 Kaxa, but the subject is complete without a preposition. 
 
 62. a. e(TvpiTTere Kal eKXcogere. " Te hissed and hooted." As the lexi- 
 cographers interpret KXai'^io to be imitating the sound made by jackdaws, 
 we must assume it to be connected with koKows, as xpa^m with Kopunni. 
 Apparently, they are all derived from sound : compare /cpo Jco, corvm, comix, 
 icroak. 
 
 T 
 
138 DSMOSTHENIS MIDIAS. [§ 62. 
 
 irdvT ecTTiv eV v/uv fiia -yjn^cpa) Biairpd^aaffai, vvv 
 oKvqa-ere ifiol /3o7]dricrav, rm Sij/iq) j(apiaaa6at, tovs 
 dWov; aax^povicrai, nera ttoW:^? dc^akeia^ avroi to 
 XoiTTOv Bidyecv, irapaBeiyfia Troiija-avre's tovtov toZ? 
 dXKois ; 
 C. UdvTcnv ovv ev6Ka raiv elp7]p.eva>v, koI pLaXiara rov 587 
 0€ov %a/3W' Trepl ov ttjv eoprrjv daeficop ovtos rjKcoKe, Trjv 
 oaiav xal SiKuiav defievot yjn^cpov rtfiapijaacrde tovtov. 
 
 b. iv u/uii/ (Ltd. "It is in your power to settle all by one conclusive 
 verdict." \l/jj<l>o!: here implies the result of the voting, not the individual 
 vote. 
 
 c-o<j)povi<rai. " To teach propriety" by a striking example of punishment, 
 and so secure your own peace and quiet. 
 
 J. WEBB, PaiMTBB, CAMBBIDOE. 
 

 
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