Cornell University Library Z695 .B625 + Hints on catalogue titles and on index 3 1924 029 518 820 olln Overs z CATALOGUE TITLES AND INDEX ENTRIES. Fop. 8vo, Is. A CONTINENTAL TOUR of EIGHT DAYS for Forty-four Shillings. BY A JOURNEY-MAN. "Of all the books, seasonable or uneeasonable, wMcli the Christmas season produces in abundance, we doubt whether many will better repay purchase and perusal than this unpretending little work of a jorrney-man. It has a charm about it which is difficult precisely to aiialyze, as it is impossible to deny. It is not so much for any information it conveys that we value it. In fact, it ia in no sense a guide-book . . , tells us nothing about the places visited. Neither, on the other hand, does it weary one with statistics of the manner in whiph the forty-four shillings were Rpent. Incidentally, the cost of the passage and the sum total of the bill for one or two nights* lodging are given, by way of illustration, and that is all. There are no novel speculations, moral or otherwise, no disquisitions on peasant proprietorship, or capital and labour, no architectural criticism or historical leferences, and scarcely a political allusion, while such moralizing as does find a place in the narrative from time to time is 6n T;rite and familiar subjects. And yet, if it can be believed, the book is simply delightful . . . his narrative ripples along brightly enough in the main, yet now and again hushing itself into a serious stillness which argues depth of feeling and reflection, and then again breaking out into gaiety, ,.nd even playfulness, which reflect the happy and conscious carelessnpss imposed on itself by his well-regulated mind. ... Out of the fulness of the mind as well as the heart the mouth sometimes speaks, and his references to men and things are not more purpurei panni, but ey/caXAun-itr/xaTa irXovTov," — Spectatob, Feb. 16, 1879. LowDON : SAMPSON LOW, MAESTON, SEARLB, & RITINGTON, Ceowx Buildings, 188, Fleet Street, E.O. HINTS ON CATALOGUE TITLES, AND ON INDEX ENTRIES, WITH A BOUGH TOCABULAKT OF TEEMS AND ABBREVIATIONS, CHIEFLY FROM CATALOGUES, AND SOME PASSAGES FROM JOURNEYING AMONG BOOKS. CHARLES F. BLACKBURN. ^^^^ GlORW^^^ ILonUon : SAMPSON LOW, MAESTON, SEAELE, & RIVINGTON, CKOWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1884. [_All rights reserved.'] ,^ hi, ^-4^-5?=-^^ ' ^. ^f/7 The vignette on the title-page is a eopy, in miniatwre, of an engraving in " Pictwesgue Europe,'' which has been made iy the hind permission of Messrs. Ca:SseU a/nd Co. Nominally a view from Milan Cathedral, tinder the wrtisfs hcmd it has become an emblem of the jowncy of life.' .fillBXBT iSB BIVIirOTOir, LIMIIIB, BT. JOHM's SqUAEB, LOHBOW. PEEFACE. -^ Que viens-tu faire ioi ? — Lies reoherohea dans la bibliothJque. — Bel emploi 1 dlt le dragon. Tu ne sera pas g4n(S par la foule des concurrents; il n'y va pas troia personnes par jour, car nous n'avons pas de temps a perdre dans les etudes iniatiles . . . les habitants de Longueville Be pendraient plutot que mettre le nez dans leur bouquins. Hier, mou propri^taire, qui est un des groa bourgeois de la TiUe, me diaait avec emotion : " AtL ! monsieur, tout le mal est venu des livrea. Sana cea coquina de barbouiUeurs de papier, nous vivriona bien tranquillea et nous toucherions noa revenua en dormant aur les deux oreillea ; mais I'encre, voyez-vous, monsieur, et le papier, et la lettre moul^e, sont lea vraiea inventiona du diable ; et pour moi, qnand je lis un journal, je croia voir la fourche et lea comes de Lucifer. Voilij mon cber ami, Topinion qu'onadeton metier. Tu juges si ces braves gena Bont diapos^a a frequenter un tel lieu de perdition. En revanche, ils jouent volontiera aux cartes et aux dominoa, ce qui ne fatiguent pas I'esprit et ne trouble ni la conscience ni la digestion.*' TJyB VIHB DE GABNiaoir, In the present state of dependence upon books for nearly all our informa- tioUj the importance of ready access to great collections need scarcely be insisted upon. Literature grows about us with an almost alarming rapidity, and minutes, as time goes on, seem fewer and more quickly gone. Twenty years of aimless wandering and experiment at home and abroad — measured to an hour, without any knowledge of it at the time — have blindly prepared the ground for this book. The journeyings were pre- ceded by years of apprenticeship in a foreign business, and followed by daily labour on catalogues in London houses of different lines in relation to books. ~ Thus the writer has come to notice many ways in which cata- logues might act more clearly and quickly. The book now before the reader is mainly occupied with an endeavour to show this. The examples are actual pieces of experience. Books may be said to resolve themselves into three great divisions. There are books of reference, merely to be consulted ; books for sale, which are to be obtained ; and books which are possessed, and to be enjoyed. Thus there ai-ise catalogues of reference, and the catalogues of publishers and booksellers ; while a private library, to be accessible, must also have its catalogue. Specimens of each kind are given. That of a private library catalogue I imagine to be a perfectly novel attempt. People have been known to play at doing work, but, in the " overtime " of constant employment — aliter non Jit, avite ! liber — to work at, or to act, the part of a man who is amusing himself, and merely killing time, is not the easiest thing in the world. It is, I believe, one of the laws of bibliography, that catalogue titles should be copies of the title-pages of books, except that for facility of reference the authors' names are written first. At page 48 is given an example of a title-page thus " faithfully " dealt with. But a title-page is a vi Preface. form of words which is carefully prepared for a particular purpose. A title in a catalogue is a form of words destined for another purpose. What more can be said against mere copying ? Here is an instance of the difference between the letter and the spirit of a title-page. On the right hand is an endeavour to give instant perception of the nature of the book : — SANSOM (A. Ernest) The Lettsomian Lee- Sansom (A. Ernest) Valvular diseases of tures on the Treatment of some of the the heart, treatment of some forms. Forms of Valvular Diseases of the Heart, Lettsomian Lectures, 1883 delivered before the Medical Society of London. 1883 It is too often the case that those who work in a library, or at a book- seller's, are allowed to find their own way in writing the titles of books. If any proof were wanted, I would cite the library catalogue of which an example is made at page 58. The object throughout this book is to show those who are young in cata- loguing the way to write concise and telling titles from the title-pages of books, or to prepare them from already printed matter with clearness and precision. The work is a bundle of hints on a species of craft, illustrated by examples of faulty workmanship, opposite which is a second series to show how the titles might have been more effectively given. Cataloguing is a handicraft just as much as any other mechanical trade ; an art to be learned by attention and diligent practice. When amateurs get together and talk about catalogues, the question is sure to come up, " What arrangement do you prefer ?" To discuss arrangement before you can prepare a title for a catalogue is as if you would be a colourist before you can draw an outline. Cross references are a tremendous cheval de hataille with your amateur cataloguer. It is as if an embryo Macadam were to intersect the country with by-roads, cutting up the fields into little bits, instead of going direct to any point, merely in order to show that he could make a road. I have an idea that cross references may almost be dispensed with, and that f entries are made with care, " arrangement " may cease to be a matter for thought; that a child may almost make a catalogue of the manuscript. The old saying, " Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves,^' is put in practice in another walk of life. Among the privileges of an amateur is an " antique * disposition." Type which is in itself an anachronism, discoloured leaves, and jagged edges are among the outward signs. One might say to the bookbinder " Cui flavam religas comam.+ Simplex munditiis " is, rather, the motto of a dreamer who has been beaten into practical ways by the necessity of earning his living; black and white his sober badge, so far as letterpress is concerned. * Eeaders of Kathauiel Ha.wthorne's " Transformation "—or the " Marble Faun "■ as he preferred to call it - will understand the relation of antic to the antique. Indeed 'the two names of the book almost give you that without reading a line. ' t Avec la barbe is a well-known term for unkempt and unshaven books. Preface. vii In America, where everything is done on a larger scale, the "antic dis- position" is carried into weightier matters than the mere "trappings and the suits" of books. The characteristic energy of the West^— the land of the " free " — has found vent in hideous contortions of spelling — of which I need only instance the words "catalog" and "sudonym" — by which the very landmarks of our language, if one may speak of English as being common to both countries, are being removed. Such, truncated words make one think of the senseless snout of a latter-day steamer, which roots up the water, in place of the graceful stem and gracious figure-head that inclined to every wave as they flew over it. Reading an American printed book is to go through a kind of inferno, where mutilated forms and horrible grimaces confront you at every step, and your flesh creeps as you dread to encounter some new form of ugliness. Mr. Grant White has earned the gratitude of all who value Shakspeare by not putting his language " to this purgation." That nothing may be wanting, we owe to America the prettiest piece of satire on spelling reform. A periodical once bore conspicuously on its front the editor's name mangled out of all knowledge. Another periodical issuing from the same house of business had to make the name intelligible by means of the unregenerate spelling. If hacking about of familiar and time-honoured words, and improving the spelling of the great writers who have shaped the English language were the extent of the evil, one might have reason to be glad. But, unfortunately, the meaning of what is written on the other side of the Atlantic is not always clear to a dull-minded Britisher. Librarianship, and the mechanism of books, are in America pursued with a wonderful enthusiasm. We should derive encouragement from what is done, and great instruction from what is written in America on the best ways of cataloguing, if we were quite sure we knew what the writers meant. A few years ago the United States put forth a catalogue in three volumes folio. Although it merely relates to a particular collection of books three thousand miles away, the writer of these lines is glad to have the catalogue always near him, because of its literary interest. He cannot be accused of any prejudice against the catalogue, for he once wrote a notice of it which the compilers thought worth printing among testimonials from professors and learned men. The notice was a cordial recognition of the loving pains which had been bestowed on the work. But, as a matter of business, the catalogue is grievously — I had almost said fatally — marred by what we should call complication or complexity of arrangement. The other day I read an American critique upon it, written by a gentleman who is not a romancer, that I am aware of. The following is an extract, intended, apparently, to describe the catalogue : — " An index catalogue of authors, titles, and subjects, arranged in . alphabetical order, in the simplest dictionary manner, with plenty of viii Preface. cross references and duplicate entries^ will make the best catalogue for readers and habitues of libraries." On the left hand below, the reader has an example of the " simplest manner/' on the right hand accurate information conveyed with less maiming of words, in less space. GEEVIILE. GEEVILLE. GKEVILLB (Charies a ¥.. Clerk of the council to (jfeviUe (Charles C. P.) Journal of the &eo. and Wm. IV.) Memoirs. See Btographv, p. . i ™ tit j inr'n- tit 161 ; also Q«. res., 138, 1876. 1876 reigns of George IV. and William IV., BIOGRAPHY (INDIVIDUAL). edited by H. Reeve, 3 vols. London,1874, /nv, 1 n J- 1, Ti /IT J i' — Memoirs, abridged by R. H.Stoddard. 1794 d. 1865. See Fortnightly Seview, Dec, 1874, Haemillan and rm^-iio TWo™™-™ . -„• „ „{ n^ ™ TIT Qttarterlv, Jan., IBK.bii, Mr. Greville was Clerk of ~ ^ Vi -f, • ™T°"^^ = reigns of George IV. g^ Privy Council foi many years. and William IV. Ed. by H. Eeeve. 2 v. New York, 1875. 12°- 3072.22 — — Same. [Abridged] By E. H. Stoddard. New York, 1875. IS"- [Brio-a-brao ser. V. 5.] 3072-24 Reviewed in Fortnightly rev., Dec, 1874 (by C; L. Stanley) ; and Macmillan, v. 31, 1875 (2 art. by A. G. Stapleton). , Mr. Henry Reeve did not edit Mr. Greville's " Memoirs." Mr. Charles Greville was in the habit of " booking up " his contemporaries in a "Journal," portions of which were published in 1874. This book has a most cunningly devised title-page, admirable for the cataloguer who has a " feeling of his business," but a trap for the unwary. Above the real title, and divided from it by a thin line, is what builders would call a " temporary " title suited for colloquial use, and for circulating library catalogues. In the hands of one who is preparing a catalogue of per- manent reference, the temporary title " comes away ;" it disappears. At page 811 have ventured to show the best use of such a title as that of the " Greville Memoirs " — familiarly speaking. The American catalogue just quoted is an elaborate and beautiful piece of work, but it is not simple, as English people understand the word ; we appear to be dealing with a foreign language which must be translated into English. An instance familiar to all will show that this may be no vain imagining. In England "superior" means higher, better; we say superior in station, or superior in education. But the expression Lake Superior * does not mean that a particular lake is more highly placed than others, or that its waters are better than all the waters of America ; it only means that the volume (sticking to our shop) of it is greater. And a short time ago, English people, proverbially slow at apprehending a foreign tongue, were offended because one American novelist said that another American novelist was superior (or words to that effect) to Dickens and Thackeray. The friendly critic may only have meant that, some day, his brother novelist, superficially regarded, would be a greater writer than Dickens or Thackeray. * SUPERIOR (LAKE) The largest sheet of fresh water on the face of the globe, and the most remarkable of the great American lakes not only from its magnitude, &c. — Amekicax Gazetteeiv. Preface. ix Some day, when cataloguing has become a recognised art, the proper medium between too fine theory and too coarse practice may be hit upon. About a tenth part of the volume before the reader is occupied with the treatment of books from the private or possessor's point of view. Bearing in mind that every man may be said to own a library according to his means, this is well within the proportion. Very likely the space thus devoted will not seem to have any practical value. But an endeavour has been made that it shall be interesting apart from any possible value. Indeed, if the reader could know the pains which have been taken to render this section of " Catalogue titles " attractive, he would be amused. However, the writer has some confidence that the fun, the strange interest, the historical value, the beauty, the power — nay, even the pathos, of which the passages laid before the reader are turn by turn the vehicle, will form an oasis amid the dry places about it. At all events, culling these garnishings to "a private library catalogue" has been to the writer that kind of refuge from maddening detail, and an opportunity of shadowing forth a theory of book illustration, that books may brighten one another by association, as people in company do. There has been especial pleasure in seizing upon pieces which minister to a love of one's country and to pride in its heroes. Besides mere literary illustration, the writer has sought to fling about the private library catalogue a kind of humanity that shall in some sort clothe the bare bones of titles. Our American cousins have brought a great amount of mechanism and invention to bear on getting people to " read," as if mere reading, any more than mere eating, would do people good, or as if inert or sluggish bodies could be galvanised into communion with immortal spirits. Indeed, one may be met, at any moment, by the question, " What is the good of books ? " The British Working Man will tell you, that in towns where Free Libraries exist, women sit over the fire reading novels instead of doing their work. In the matter of science it may be objected that books do but show us the way to heal diseases which are the product of a bookish era. And, it is quite possible that the two or three inches of the book now before the reader which are given to a way of counteracting the evils of sedentary life, may be found more useful than all the rest of the letterpress, dealing as it does with an occupation which is among the most sedentary. It is a condition of the "treatment" that all books, newspapers, and writing shall be abstained from, and English companionship abjured. I have been careful to speak of anything advanced in this work as a hint. I should like to think of the reading, it as a species of conference between the reader and the writer ; the reader, of course, being in the chair, with the casting vote. In actual practice directions come from the master. The writer hopes to help the young hand most efficiently to carry out the desires of him whom he serves, whatever may be the style of work desired. X Preface. A cataloguer never knows for whom he may have to work, what kind of work he will have to do, or the style in which the work may have to be done. Set rales are of little use. Printed suggestions will no more make a craftsman than a book will make a swimmer of one who contents himself with going through his exercises on the dry land, instead of throwing himself into the water — or than a book * will teach a language, that being the province of a master, or of any human being. If you will depend upon books, you get a dead language, as you find when brought into contact with the living. There is no doubt, of course, as to an Englishman's preference for lay figures of speech. The reason, I take it, that the progress of culture is so ludicrously out of proportion to the amount of machinery, that books are our masters rather than our servants. What we want is that the mind should be above and not below its instru- ments; and then, like the top sawyer, we shall not get the dust in our eyes. The mind may be likened to a piece of metal, a dull, inapprehensive thing at first. But when it is prepared by cultivation, not crammed from books, it becomes like a photographic plate, it receives and holds images. In small matters, as in great, we can but say, with Hamlet, " The readiness is all.'' It may seem that the examples of second-hand cataloguing are " more abundaiit " than they need be. We have to recollect that a '' second- hand book " shop is our only school for librarians. Nowadays, books, except the fortunate few which are to become immortal, fall out of the ranks and are dead after a few months. It follows, therefore, measuring by time — when was printing invented ? — that new literature is to second- hand literature as (say) one is to eight hundred. The " new book " seller not merely works within a comparatively small circle, but it may be said that he handles merely such articles as he chooses or such as are ordered of him. The " second-hand book " seller, on the other hand, has the whole area of printed literature for a field, and never knows, from hour to hour, what he may have to deal with. Such an experience is of priceless value to a librarian, and cannot be supplanted by any amount of biblio- graphical science which may result from professorship in the future. And a book which in the least reflects it cannot help being of use in a library. Moreover, no one as yet has had the effrontery to speak, in print, of second-hand catalogue-making. This preface must not conclude without an expression of acknow- ledgment to Messrs. Gilbert and Eivington, the printers, for the kind care with which troublesome and harassing matter has been composed. It is not too much to say that the writer has found himself " thought for " in the passage of his book through the press. * The vocabulary at the end of this book is called •• rough " because it represents the kind of familiarity with language which is picked up in the course of work or travel among foreigners. But no pains have been spared in the endeavour to be accurate. At the same time the irregularity of the plan has been an excuse for a little illustrative matter, which may tend to give animation to what would otherwise be a dull collection of words. ABSTEACT OF CONTENTS. Abbreviations of words, terms and phrases in foreign catalogues . 161 — 181 Alphabetical arrangement of titles, and the alphabet in print ... 3 Poreign terms relating to autographs, books, maps, portraits, and prints . 161 Biblical books, their names in French, German, Greek, Italian, and Latin , 19 Circulating library ticket, book-marker and paper-cutter, in one . . 16 The use of capital letters shown by words in dififerent langaages . 161 — 181 The management of christian names in a printed alphabet of authors . . 22 Some remarks on the catalogue of a circulating library, with examples . 57 Coincidence and resemblance of different books' titles . . . 143, 158 A concise way of entering dictionaries of various languages ... 45 Full titles do not always convey full information .... 44, 49 Titles of Greek and Latin classics, hints, and a table for the novice . . 29 Observations and various suggestions on indexing books .... 50 On indexing a catalogue of books for reference, with examples . . .114 Catalogues made to look and to be interesting, by means of notes . 67, 108 Italian names in title-pages or advertisements likely to mislead, with examples 53 How to acquire some knowledge of languages almost without thought 50, 54 Some Latin names of towns in catalogues, and their abbreviations . . 161 On the catalogue of -a, learned society, with parallel examples . . 57, 59 Foreign terms relating to maps, and their abbreviations . . . .161 M. on a title-page, which may, or may not be, short for Monsieur . . 64 Mr., what English word are these two letters short for ? . . . .63 Getting titles into one line for a handy catalogue of reference ... 39 Order of words in titles, the desirability of a plan . . . . . 78 Young man out of a situation ; what he might do to pass the time . . 54 Foreign terms relating to portraits and prints, a few explained . . . 161 Titles and prefixes of authors, how to manage ...... 26 The usefulness of prices in a catalogue of mere reference .... 80 Private library catalogued by its owner, or by an expert .... 81 A few remarks on publishers' catalogues, with examples . . .104 The meaning of the term " reader " 112 Beference titles and index one alphabet, ordinary titles shown opposite . 115 Examples showing the need of registration of past and future books . .143 Scientific books, how they are best described .145 Cataloguing second-hand books, with parallel examples . . . .145 A simple and inexpensive remedy for ills of a sedentary life . . .95 Subjects indicated in an alphabet of authors without adding a word . . 157 Titles of books and index of their subjects in one alphabet . . .115 A rough vocabulary of terms and phrases, from foreign catalogues . . 161 Translated books, and their originals, in a catalogue lor reference . .158 The meaning of the expression uncut, in relation to modern books . . 160 Uniformity of style desirable in the titles of a reference catalogue . .160 FUNCTIONS OF A CATALOGUE AND OP ITS INDEX. The library affords work to employ all my time, as well as that of twenty assistants. Seventeen of these are occupied chiefly with cataloguing, — A librarian's WOHK, BY J. FiSKE. A CATALOGUE of books is composed of what ai-e called titles, whose office is to represent the nature of books to those who are away from them ; whereas title-pages are inseparable from tlie books. Catalogues, little interesting and attractive as they must be to tie great majority of mankind, are vitally important to two classes of persons ; to those who consult, and to those who produce them. Consulters of catalogues naturally desire to see what they are looking for as speedily as may be. Saving room in titles means saving money to the paymaster; while conciseness, without loss of clearness, means saving time and trouble to the consulter, be he student, librarian, or bookseller. Prom every point of view, there can be little doubt that, coeteris paribus^ tbe best catalogue is tbat which takes the least room. Before entering into detail, it may be well to try and make plain the. value and use of a catalogue of books and of its index by means of a figure of speech. A book is, as it were, a region or a city that a man wishes to make himself acquainted with, or to visit. In order to reach a district or a city, you must have a road, ordinarily speaking. The road or way to a book in a library or large collection is the catalogue. It will sometimes happen that a traveller cannot hit upon the road to the place he is bound for. Then he is glad of a sign-post or a finger-post, in French called an indicateur, whose analogue is an index entry — to put him on the right road. We have the index tingei', among ourselves ; among animals there is the pointer, which indicates birds; and, among the stars, we have the pointers, which, stand at what angle they will, unfailingly guide the eye to the polar star. The parallel between titles in a catalogue and roads to a place is not complete without mention of cross references, which serve the reader in getting from one part of a catalogue to another as cross roads lead from one highway to another. And, just as no sensible man will travel on a cross road when the main road will serve, so are cross references to be avoided when you can do without them. Our parable of a road and its finger-post as illustrating the functions of a catalogue is not quite exhausted. The learner has to bear in mind that, as the arm of a sign-post is not the road, but only points towards it, the entries in an index need not, and probably should not, have the fulness of a title entry, but contain the smallest number of words that will suffice to show where the inquirer will get his information. Each entry in the index to a catalogue should be kept within one line. Not merely is the appearance of an index much improved by this kind of regularity, but the knowledge that there is only so much space gets the 2 Indeai entries and titles in a catalogue. operator into tile way of suiting himself to it. The length of line will be determined by the size of the intended page, to which the size of type will be adapted. Before indexes to catalogues were in common use, all sorts of twistiiigs of the road to a book were resorted to by the knowing ones in order to draw attention, that the seeker might not " lose his way." This is all very well so long as you have no sign-post, finger-post, or index. But when you have an arrangement for directing the inquirer and putting him on to the right track, these contortions of a title become ridiculous. Among the examples of Reference titles will be found many books' names which have been worried out of their proper shape without any occasion for it, because there is ah index entry to guide the inquirer. There, among the examples of the right column, the index entry shows the needlessuess of forcing the titles out of their natural run. Thus far the more important kind of catalogue, that which is for reference, and which may be in use for any number of years ; demanding., therefore, great care in its preparation. But catalogues of books for sale are more numerous and brought out at (or after) more frequent intervals. Far more young hands, probably, are employed in the United Kingdom, in America, and on the Continent on this latter branch of the craft, than on reference catalogues; and it is likely that cautions or hints will be: more needed for commercial cataloguing than for the permanent kind.. A familiar illustration will show the conception I have of a selling' catalogue. If you were to ask an ordinary tradesman, he would tell you that anybody can sell a thing which is asked for, but that it requires a salesman to dispose of articles which are not in the mind of a customer when he enters a shop. The cataloguer of books for sale is, or should be, this salesman. He has, entrusted to him, a given quantity of goods. Some of these will inevitably be asked for ; will sell themselves, in fact. These require the briefest hint; if, indeed, they should be catalogued at all. The second kind is that which, by moderate description or naming, is pretty sure to be sold. Lastly comes the kind which, without the art of display or setting forth, will stay on the shelves. At this point the value of a cataloguer is shown in two ways. Firstly, in determining the degree of attention or space that a book deserves or requires in order to sell it ; and secondly, in the setting forth or making attractive articles which need that kind of pains. The amount of trouble you give to one entry in a catalogue is materially affected by the number of copies there may be of the book in stock. For, if in order to sell one copy, you use your persuasive powers so that twenty-five orders come for itj there is waste of force. A stall in an exhibition appears to me best to represent the idea I have of a commercial catalogue, because it is of no use having good articles, even if they are duly priced, unless people can be got to look at your show. How this may be done, and has been done, the reader will find shown under the heading Notes in a Catalogue. One of the bugbears of a cataloguer is a long title-page. From the bookseller's poiut of view a title can hardly be too short, proof of which is that the colloquial or oral bookseller's title almost always differs from the printed title. If authors were to reflect, or to be aware, that their books, if they sell* at all, will be rapidly "called over" with hundreds- * The difference between active and that which is not active was capitally set forth in the course of the.Austro-Jtalian war of 18fi6., The Italians, built an ironclad ram which they, called the Affondaiore, the sinker — of her enemies. The "Art of sinking" was presently Title-pages ; ahhfeviations ivhich may he met with. 3 of others in the course of hurried tusinesSj they might perhaps be induced to shape their title-pages accordingly. The following are almost perfect names, because, whether in the shop, in the warehouse, or in the library, you can scarcely do other than speak all the words of them : — Black (W.) Kilraeny. Blaokmore (R. D.) Mary Anerley. Murray (B. C. Grenville) Eound about France. The last one, however, speaking practically, is defective in this respect, that it gives the idea of a travelling over France, or of a sailing round the coast, whereas it is the body politic which is explored. Of titles which err by reason of their length and consequent unhandiness — if we may so say of that which has to be spoken now and then — abundant specimens are offered under the heading Reference titles. GENERAL HINTS. Bramble, as soon as he had passed any ehoal or danger, pointed it out to me. He said, — "1 tell it to yow, because you can't be told too often. Ton won't recollect much that I tell you, I dare say ; I don't expect it ; but you may recollect a little, and every little helps." — Mabetat's Pooa Jack. Abbreviations. The following note may have its use for the young hand. In old-fashioned books an ~ over a consonant signifies that it is repeated ; numus, for example, being, in effect, the same as nummus. The same mark over a vowel stands for the letter " m "; donu, therefore, is the same as donum. A small e over an a, an o, or a m has the same force as what we now write a, 6, or ii; each is a stage in the process of contraction. 'J'he German word for men was first written Maenner, then Manner, and is now most commonly seen as Manner. In some old inscriptions the Octo, Novem, and Decern of October, November, and December are represented by the Eoman numeral. Thus, instead of die Octohris, die Kovembris, d.ie Becembris, we find die Vlllbris, die IXbris, die Xbris. Alphabetical arrangement. Having never seen in print any direc- tions for putting titles into alphabetical order, I venture to describe the system I have been accustomed to use. First sort the entire heap into six heaps, which will lie before you thus : — A— D E— H I— M N— R S T— Z Then take the heap A— D and sort it into its component letters, after which each letter can be brought into shape by use of the plan first applied to the whole alphabet. It is best to go on with the second process until you have the whole alphabet in separate letters, because, if you brought A, for example, into its component pans, and put them into alpha- betical order, you might, not impossibly, find some A's among the later letters, one of the inevitable accidents of sorting quickly. With this hint or two, the young cataloguer will easily find his way; and various illastrated by the going down of this donghty champion before the assault of a wooden - Austrian man-of-war under the command of Admiral Tegethoff. The " sinker " speedily found herself at the bottom of the Adriatic, an illustration of the English sailor's word " founder. ' The Italian commander might have said to his opponent, in the words of Horace,— , . tu levior cortice et improbo iracnndior Hadria. . . .— Cahmika, ili, 9. n 9 4 Alphabetical arrangement of titles. devices for doing this or that more handily are sure to suggest themselves in the course of practice. The great thing is to be started. In my own practice I ha.ve got into a way of letting the slips fall on the table at an angle of forty-five degrees. Then, if the accumulation of titles should cause the heaps to slide, they will run into one another distinct, so that they can be separated instantly without sorting afresh. Here is a hint which may save time. Suppose you have, in course of sorting, got before you a heap of titles composed of Bab, Bac, Bad- there will probably not be -Baa— not yet separated. The natural impulse will be first to get them into three heaps, a step towards the perfect alphabet. I suggest taking the whole heap and sorting it as if it merely consisted of Bac. In doing this \Ba& flies out to the left hand, and Bad to the right, each into a heap ; while Bac is not merely separated from them, but is found one step nearer disintegration. The operator will soon determine for himself whether this is any gain. , In sorting and arranging an alphabet for the printer, you will often come upon two titles, each occupying a line, as — Punch, vol. 76, 4to, 8s. 6d. Punch, Tol. 77, 4to, 8s. 6d. In these cases it is usual to blend the matter of the two slips on one of them, and cancel the other, which gives you — Punch, vols. 76 and 77, 4to, 8s. 6d. each. I suggest, as an improvement, in this, and similar cases, to take the later slip, and insert merely in its proper place such information as the earlier slip contains beyond what is in the later, putting a semicolon after the inser- tion ; thus : — Punch, vol. 76, 8s. Gd.; 77, 4to, 8s. 63. This is neater, quicker, and more certain ; neater because there are less words, quicker for the same reason, and more certain because there is always the chance of the vols, to which you are putting "each" dififering in price, which happens so seldom that one is too often apt to take the sameness for granted. However, the mere getting rid of the awkward *' each" after the price justifies the way I suggest — I venture to think. Wlien you come to print your alphabet, supposing each title is comprised within one line, you do not repeat the same proper name, but let a (long as the word omitted, or shorter, according to the plan of the cata- logue) stand for the second, third, and other authors pf the same name ; as^ Rogers (H.^ Private librariea. (M.) Waverley dictionary. ■Alphabetical arrangement qf titles. 5 Wheiij however, tlie name, while identically the same, represents some- thing different, as in the following case, where one word stands for a surname, a christian name, and the name of a flower, the name must be repeated for every change of meaning : — Eose (R. E.) Gems for the king's crown. Kose and Josephine. Dunbar's mistake. Kobin, and little May. Rose of the world. Here is a variation on the same theme. Suppose, which is at least possible, that a man named Albert Eose writes a novel called " Without a thorn," and that in the same list there appears a book called " a Kose in bloom." This is what the catalogue says, according to the usual style of doing such things : — Eose (A.) In bloom. Without a thorn. Which conveys the idea that one A. Rose, man or woman, has written two books, the one entitled " In bloom," the other " Without a thorn ;" which, as Euclid might say, is absurd, and, one would think, a strong case against the meaningless capital letters of English catalogues. The titles should be given thus : — Eose (A.) Without a thorn. Eose in bloom (a), &c. It is a frequent error among compositors to place the article, which is, for the sake of the alphabet, necessarily withdrawn from the beginning of a title, immediately after the first word, which might, some day, cause a medical work and a possible children^'s book to be noted thus : — Box (A.) On the ear, On the ear; instead of as follows : — Box (A.) On the ear. Box on the ear (a). It occasionally happens that several words, besides the author's name, are repeated in a succeeding title, even to the extent of the whole name of a book. In these cases of repetition the line which denotes that the words are the same as before is in some catalogues made as long as the space taken by the words the line stands for. These long lines seem to me very unsightly, but yon must now and then use them. A better way is to substitute a short — for each word omitted. Great economy of space results from habitually doing this. Here is an instance, drawn from Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston, and Co.'s Educational catalogue : — .Slschines. See also Demosthenes : — In Ctesiphontem {Oxford Poalcet Classics), with short notes, 2s J. Parker et Demosthenes de Corona (Oxford Pocket Classics), text, 2s J. Parker with Latin translation by Stock, 3s Kelly On the Crown (and Demosthenes), literal translation, by R. Mongan, 2s. ..Kelly The ingenious arrangement of the " dashes " is derived from Mr. Sampson Low's index volumes. Where a preceding title occupies more than one line, I would use no marks to denote omission, but give the name of the book afre&h, as : -~ Goethe, Hermann und Dorothea. Text, with explanatory Notes and Vocabulary. By M. Forster. 2nd Edition. 12mo, cloth. 2s. 61. Goethe, Hermann und Dorothea. German Text, with grammatical Nutes. In the alphabet of a catalogue, as it comes fi'oln the printer, names 6 Alpliabetical arrangement of titUs. Bometimes present themselves as given on the left, below. On the right the names are given in a way that is better ; always supposing you have not the initial of one of the Browns. His name should be followed by a comma, which is preferable to distorting the name into " Brown's." Brown (T.) Logic. Brown, Sermons. 'b Sermons. (T.) Logic, The dash on the left, succeeded by an upraised comma, looks awkward. Never give aa author's name thus, it is inelegant : — Macaulay's (Lord) "History of England. This should be printed in one of these two ways :— Macaulay's History of England. Macaulay (Lord) History of England ; or, better still — Macaulay (T. B. ; Lord) History of England ; because, in the latter case, the initials tally with entries in catalogues printed before the great historian became Lord Macaulay. As to the possessive 's, it is found in practice, that where such names as " Burn " and " Burns " (and others which differ to the extent of a letter) are written or printed " Burn's " and " Burns'," confusion arises f besides that in alphabetical arrangement it looks ill and is undesirable to have an author's name in the least distorted. At page 23, eight authors' names may be seen together in alphabetical order, two of which are mis-spelled, owing to the use of these wretched possessives when they are not wanted. The names should be " Fellows '■' and " Bemays." The word " the," at the beginning of a title, may, and therefore should, almost always be omitted when it follows the author's name in an alpha- betical list, as : — • Collins (W. Wilkie) Woman in white. We all know that the title of the book is " The "woman in white, by W. Wilkie Collins," but the suggestions here given are for making a cata- logue which shall be most useful to practical men. A series of "the," preceding each of a dozen works by the same author, would materially hinder the searcher's " plumping " upon what he wanted instantaneously. Take the same kind of care not to omit " the " in the middle of a title, if you would not be awkward, as — Laurie (J. S.) Introd. grammar, for use of junior classes. Or, having broken through the rule of absolute faithfulness of transcrip- tion (if there be one) by leaving out the " the " in " for the use of," you may advantageously go a step farther, and omit "use of." A grammar for junior classes from the pen of a reasonable man will be introductory, one must suppose. Wherefore we get, instead of the above title, — Laurie (J. S.) English grammar for junior classes. " Sooner said than done " does not apply here. The saying it has pain- fully occupied nine lines, but when once the artificer's head is pointed the right way, this matter of the " the "s is arranged currente calamo, and without conscious thought. The prefix de should be placed after the christian name or initial. Putting the " de " first gets an alphabet into hopeless disorder, Voltaire, for example, would have to be put under D ; where nobody would look for him. The German prefix von belongs to the same category, and -should never have a capital "v," For more on this head see De. Alphabetical arrangement of titles. While " Ae" is not allowed to come first in the alphabet with French nameSj there is many a French name, sach as De Bui-gh, Defoe, Delolme, De Morgan, &c. * which has become naturalised with us. Such as these must be ranged in the alphabet under "de." Thus far is tolerably clear, but before a name, originally French, beginning with "De" becomes a part of the English language, it goes through a period of transition in which you don't know whether it is French or English, and are consequently puzzled how to treat it. Such a name is De Hochstrasser, which I met with the other day. The odds are that, ultimately, if this name became English, the " de" would be dropped. I therefore put the name under H ; and would say to the novice that in any doubtful case, he cannot be very wrong in putting a "de" after the initial and ranging his author under the more characteristic part of his name. " De Porquet," by the .way, is a very good instance of a " transitional " name. You do not know where to place it. I think the old catalogues used to say, " See Fenwick de Porquet." One of our popular errors in chronicling names may here be mentioned. Many authors have what are called compound names, which are really two surnames joined by a hyphen. The British mode of treatment in a catalogue is to dislocate the first of the two surnames and niake a christian name of it. Thus, Mr. S. Baring-Gould and Mr. Knatchbull-Hugessen ■are (1877) generally given in an alphabetical list of books as on the left, underneath ; whereas B and K are the letters they should appear under, as on the right : — Gould (S. B.). Baring-Gould (S.). Hugesaen (B. H. K.). Knatchbull-Hugessen (B. H. ; M.F.). The force of this is best seen if we take the name " Halliwell-Phillipps." What name is better known in the literature of Shakspeare than that of Mr. J. 0. Halliwell ? But suppose he is, as an author, relegated to P, as — PWllippa (J. 0. H.), how will those who are accustomed to the old name, find him ? Some persons are sure to have forgotten the modification of name, and some may not have heard of it. In making a catalogue which comprehends the books of a certain period, three titles such as the following may come together in the process of alphabetising, each on a separate slip — ■ Brown (J.) Guide to London, 12mo, Is. — the environs of London, 12mo, Is. London and ita environs, 12mo, 2s. &d. You may get these into one line, and very rapidly, thus. Take the last slip, strike out " audits," inserting " Is."; before " 12mo " insert " Is.; 1 vol." Observe the effect : — Brown (J.) Guide to London, Is.; Environs, Is.; 1 vol. 12mo, 2s. 6(Z. The slips which preceded can now be thrown aw^y. Similia siinilibus {ciiris) curantur. In a collective alphabet you may sometimes get two slips, the one * I am constantly tempted to make a mistake in one Greek name, because io the second- hand book lists it always comes after mine. Look into any book list. of a miscellaneous character, and you will see the succession following : — DE MOIVBB. DB MORGAN.. DE MOSTHENES. PiiOKESSOK De Mokgax s Life. Alphabetical arrangement of titles. recording vol. i. of a work^ the other naming vol. ii. of it. They are commonly blended thus : — - vols. 1 and 2, or. 8vo, Is. 6d. each. I suggest taking the later slip and inserting immediately before " 2 " "1, Is. 6d.," and using Roman numerals. Then you get — ■ vol. i. Is. Gd,. ; ii. cr. 8to, Is. 6cJ. When there are two editions of one book to be got into one line, a common way of noting them is, — Stowe (Mrs.) Poganuc people, 1st and 2nd edit. 10s. 6d. each. I prefer the following : — Stowe (Harriet E.; Mrs. Beecher) Poganuo people, 10s. Gd. ; 2ud edit. 10s. 6d. For, when you come to later editions, the method holds good: — Poganuo people, 3rd ed. 10s. 6iZ. ; 4tli ed. 6s. The first cited method breaks down at the third and fourth editions, because of the change of price. Although bibliography, strictly so called, is not the theme of these pages, bibliographers will probably agree with what is here suggested, if only because the (word or) expression " first edition " is never* seen on title-pages. I claim, farther, that getting rid of the disagreeable " each" after the price in a title is distinct gain. Anonymous books. I imagine that the most elementary rule in cataloguing is that authors' christian names and prefixes shall come after the surname when you prepare a title. Indeed, an old hand would scarcely think of naming it to a young one, because the practice stares you in the face at every turn ; you cannot help seeing it to be done. Let usiniagine that one Signer Monaldini, whose christian name we do not know, has written a book whose title-page says " by Signer Monaldini;" we write — Monaldini (Signer), &o. But suppose there exists a book whose title is " Signer Monaldini's niece " without any naming of an author, we do just the opposite. Then " Siguor'' comes first. And in an index the names of books which have authors run the same way : — Lord Lynn's wife. Lady Audley'a secret. Miss Gwynne of Woodford, Mr. and Mrs. Fsilconbrid^e. Signer Monaldini's niece. An anonymous work will often give considerable trouble in determining the best word to commence your line with, in an alphabet that rules according to authors, which is supplemented by an index. Here is an example : — An essay on spiritual evolution considered in its bearing upon modern spiritualism, &c., &o. When your alphabet is supplemented by an index, the only way out of the difficulty is to accept the rough and ready rule, " Range under the first substantive," which gives : — Essay on spiritual evolution (an), &c. ; * I have seen " first edition " on the title-page of one book ; exceptio probat, &o. Archceologia, titles ivJiich are an abstract of contents. 9 while in the index you say, — • Evolution, spirituiil, essai/. Spiritualism, modei'u ; spiritual evolution, essat/. The word in italic, according to the very convenient plan of Mr. Sampson Low's indexes, denotes tlie word by which the book is found in th.e general alphabet. When you are without an index the title runs, — Spiritual evolution, an essay, ,&c. ; supplemented by a cross entry — ETolution. See Spiritual evolution. In a catalogue which, is not provided with an index, the rule of placing an anonymous work in the alphabet according to the first substantive in the title may be found unsatisfactory in other ways. Take the following : — A treatise on the art of boring, supposing there is such a book ; the thing there is no doubt about. This work must be catalogued — Boring, treatise on the art, &c. ' A stronger case is furnished by the next, which begins, " The life of Mansie Wauch," &c., and, according to the rule, stands — ■ Life of Mansie Wauoh (the), tailor of Dalkeith. These are two among many instances where the judgment of the cataloguer is brought into play. The title just quoted, in good hands, becomes — Mansie Wauch, tailor of Dalkeith, life of. Else how is any one to find the book when it is wanted ? Matters ai-e farther complicated here by the fact that the work derives a great part of its interest from being by David Macbeth Moir, one of Scotland's sweetest lyric poets, the A of BlacJiirood. If I were cataloguing the work — say for a circulating library, or for a list of books to be sold, my entries of " Mansie Wauch" would be double, thus: — Mansie Wauch, tailor of Dalkeith (by D. Moir (D. M. ; " A ") Mansie Wauch, tailor M. Moir; "A"). of Dalkeith. Wo must recollect that the book will be asked for in one of two ways — " Have you Mansie Wauch ?" or " Have you Moir's Mansie Wauch ?" In Mr, Haggerston's admirable catalogue of the Newcastle Public Libraries, which has come out since the foregoing was written, I find what I am suggesting actually done ; with the useful addition " a tale," that people may not suppose the " life of Mansie Wauch •" to be a real piece of autobiography. ArcliaBOlogia is an article which requires a little attention, for the single volumes that often occur have to be so given in a catalogue that they will " sell." This is done by naming the most attractive articles in the course of your title. The trouble — in proportion to the price— is farther increased to the " second-hand " bookseller by the frequent occurrence of parts or halves of volumes, which can only be moved oflf by a certain minuteness of cataloguing. Out of the thirty or forty papers or articles which one volume of Archceologia sometimes contains, the difficulty, to many people, will be to select " taking " ones, and to make the choice without consuming too much time ; also not to waste money in printing by occupying too much space. 10 ArchcBologia, titles which are an ahstract of contents. la the course of several years' cataloguing of second-hand books in leisure hourSj or overtime, a great proportion of the volumes of which ArclicEologia consistSj have come in my way, and I have been fortunate enough to hit upon a mode of presenting each in a title that has given satisfaction to those who employed me. Indeed^ I have been told that one of the cognoscenti said he " wondered how the deuce I did it." It may, therefore, be useful to the young cataloguer to say that I have for the most part selected interesting material or substantial objects for mention, rather than musty deeds, letters, copies of treaties, lists of goods and furniture, &c. The numerous examples appended will show the kind of article selected for presentation. Of course, each papei-, as will be observed, must be named with the utmost conciseness. Indeed, I have got into the way, latterly, to that end, of omitting the writers' names. "The time taken has been one minute per line, including selection of papers. 33 AECH^OLOGIA, I., containing Ward oh beacons; Antiquities at Boiirdeaux; Intaglio of Antinous; Pillars of Rome; Roman anti- quities of Brecknock ; 61 papers, plates and other illustrations, 4to. 1770. AECH^OLOGIA, II., containing Roman remains in Monmouthshire; Inscription at Spello ; Ancient cornelian ; Remarkable monu- ment at Penrith ; Roman monuments in Cumberland ; Round tower at Brechin ; Ancient font ; Old wall at Verulam, &c.; 42 papers, 27 plates. 1773. ARCH^OLOGIA, III., containing Ancient horse-shoeing; Roman altars at Graham's Dyke ; Cock-fighting, by the Rev. Mr. Pegge ; .Inscription to Serapis at York ; Parthian epochasonacoin; Coiuof Nerva; Ancient in- scribed marbles; Undesoribed Roman station ; Large barrow ; Barrow in Derbyshire, &c. ; -i4 papers, 19 plates. 1775. 27 ARCH^OLOGIA,IT.,containingDaiues Barringtou on the term Levant; Gold ena- melled ring ; Human bones fiilled with lead ; Singular discovery of bones ; The word Romance ; Sir W. Hamilton on Pompeii ; Seal ring ; Gold coin ; Egyptian wisdom ; King's bed ; Apameau medal, ter ; Coins from St. Mary Hill, Loudon, &c. ; 26 papers, 2,i plates. 1786. ARCHiEOLOGIA, T., containing Roman, &c., antiquities in Monmouthshire ; Rudston pyramidal stone ; Piece of ordnance from the Goodwins ; Gold coins from Northumberland ; Homan camps in Gloucestershire; Ancient fortifications, &c., at Christchuroh and in Scotland ; Roman earthenware from the Thames ; Vases from the Mosquito shore ; Roman bath at Dover; Ancient building at Warnford,&c.,&c.; 44 papers, 30 f)Zates. 1779. ARCH^OLOGIA, VI., containing Roman antiquities at Exeter; Saxon inscription; Sin- gular stone; Plague in England; Vitrified walls; Earthen masks from the Mosquito shore; Druidioal remains; Roman earthen- ware, ter; Monument in Brittany; Indian picture writing; Round churches, &c. ; 30 papers, 56 plates. 1782, ARCH^OLOGIA.VH., containing Autient pillar inscription ; Druidical remains, his.;- Undescribed Roman roads ; Skeleton from a bog ; Farther discoveries ; Lows or barrows ; Dundalk ship temple; Roman pig of lead; Crj-stal vase ; Chariots of the ancient Britains (sic), by the Rev. Mr. Pegge; Ancient musical instruments ; Tartar burial places ; Pits in Berks ; Pagoda near Bombay ; Amphitheatre of Vespasian, &c. ; 45 papers, 30 plates. 1785. ARCH^OLOGIA, VIII., containing Genii or lares ; Urns and Druidical temple ; Roman tile at Recnlver ; Discovery of Ikeneld Street ; Discoveries in a sewer in Birchiu Lane, his ; Invention of cards ; North American inscrip- tion, his; Baiberini vase, his; Roman altar and tablet ; Two Roman villas, pottery, &c. ; Druid, temple, monument, &c. ; 37 papers, 31 plates. 1787. AECH.<5;0L0GIA, IX., containing Roman pig of lead ; Satyrioal medals ; Brass celts, weapons, &c. ; Roman road in Surrey ; Roman building ; Tumulus in Derbyshire ; Roman roads and camps, Mansfield, Notts; Discoveries in Brotherton Church ; Round towers in Ireland ; Persons called Waldenses in Kent ; Roman antiquities ; Roman baths, &c. ; 31 papers, 2i plates. 1789. ARCH.iEOLOGIA, X., containing Catarac- tonium; Druidic remains in Cumberland; Pits in Derbyshire; Machine called the Lewis; Unnoticed Roman antiquities in Cumberland ; Late continuance of torture in England ; Vitri- fied fortifications ; Mosaic pavement ; Saxon arch ; Roman horologium ; Antieut font ; Old font ; Antiquities at Bath ; Sepulchral anti- quities, &c. ; 40 papers, 40 plates. 1792. ARCH^OLOGIA, XL, containing Greek inscription at (sic) London ; Burning of St. Paul's steeple ; Italian musical instrument ; Brass vessel from Dumfries ; Eonts in Scot- land; European names of chessmen, &c. ; 26 papers, 21 plates of Roman antiquities, &c. 1791.. 38 ARCH^OLOGIA,XII,, containingStone .figures at Chalk ; Carving at Long Melford ; Roman sepulchre and remains in Lincoln- shire ; Reliefs on a font at Thorpe Salvin ; Ornaments of female dress; Barrow in Derby- .BhirQ,&;c.,&c-,; 28 ^a-pcrs, 52 plates, ito. 1796. Archceologia, titles wJtich are an abstract of contents. 11 138 ARCH^OLOGIA, XIII., containing a Roman camp in Westphalia ; Gold medal of Charles II. ; Unpublished gold coin of Charles I. ; Inscriptions at the Tower ; Fall of stones •at Stonehenge ; Inscription on a barn in Kent ; . Flint weapons in Suffolk ; Antiquities from St. Domingo; Greek sepulchral monument, &o.; 30 papers, 27 plates. 1800. 142 ARCH^OLOGIA, XIV., containing Burial urn in Norfolk; Giramalring; Ancient symbol of Macedon ; Chimney-piece carving ; Boman antiquities in Essex ; Aruudelian marble II. ; Stone cross or pillar in Norfolk ; Koman way, and antiquities ; Moulds for Roman coins ; Bridekirk font and Runic column ; Unpublished Phoenician coin ; Rom- sey Abbey sculptures and inscriptions, his; Tombs at Tewkesbury ; Inscription from Babylon ; Walls of Constantinople, &o. ; 34 papers, 57 plates, 4to. 1803. 20 ARCH^OLOGIA, XY., containing Names, &c., of James I. ships ; Greek inscrip- tions on Pompey'a Pillar; Ancient rolls of Papyrus ; Tumuli in Wiltshire ; Ruins of Carthage ; Kinds of trial by ordeal ; Tomb of Theobald at Canterbury ; Engraved brass plate at Netley ; Ancient sculptures, &o., at Rumsey ; Gothic architecture in Italy and Sicily, &c. ; 39 papers, 48 plates, 4to. 1806. 143 ARCH^OLOGIA,XVI.,containing Un- published Greek coins ; Greek coins of Lybia ; Coin of Atusa ; Roman antiquities in Caermar- thenshire ; Persian gem ; Cornwall antiquities ; Egyptian Pa/pyrus, and unrolling it ; Aqueduc romain d Antiies ; Rosetta stone in three languages ; Rare Samaritan coin ; Roman vault at York : Golden rod, &c. ; 45 papers, 72 plates. 1812. 17 ARCH^OLOGIA, XVII., containing Ancient mitre and crosier ; Ancient Pontifi- calia ; Bacchanalian cup ; Roman remains in Wales ; Bronze iigure in Kent ; Coin of Germanicoplis ; Lids of stone coiEns ; In- struments called Celts ; Roman altar in Cumberland ; Druidical remains in Guernsey ; Evesham Abbey reading-desk, &o.; 37 papers, 25 plates. 1814. 15 ARCH^OLOGIA, XVIII., containing Henry II. pennies ; Monumental inscription in Cornwall ; Roman buildings, &o., in Glou- cester ; Sepulchral monuments in Italy and France ; Saxon antiquities at Lancaster ; Roman villa in Sussex ; Gog and Magog ; Sarcophagus at Reading; Gold ring at Coventry ; Celtic remains on the Cambridge road ; Bayeux tapestry ; Engraved gems from Babylon,, &o.; 46 papers, 31 plates, 4to. 1817. 34 ARCH.a;OLOGIA, XVIII. 1, containing Henry II. pennies ; English seals (not ani- mated) ; Egyptian antiquities ; English sur- names ; Roman antiquities, Gloucestershire ; ■Sepulchral monuments in England and France; Saxon antiquities, Lancaster ; Roman villa, Sussex ; Composition of the colour on a Roman wall, &o., &c. ; 23 papers, 19 plates. 1815. 28,ARCH^OLOGIA, XIX., Wilbraham, .Glossary of Cheshire words; Colt Hoare, Stone barrow at Willow; Clarke, Antiquities at Fulborn; Millingen, Antique bas-relief; Narrien, Roman encampment at East Hemp- stead ; Anglo-Saxon pennies at Dorking ; Meyrick oa Body-armour, &a. ; 41 papers, 43 plates, 2 parts. 1821. 28 ARCH^OLOGIA, XX., containing Markland, Early carriages and travelling in England ; Meyrick, Ancient mode of putting on armour ; Amyot, Population of English cities temp. Edward III. ; Taylor (A.) Gothic ornaments of the Duomo, Batfcis- ters, and Campo Santa of Pisa ; Ancient ■vessel from the Rother's bed, &c., &o. ; 14 papers, 29 plates, 4to. 1824. 30 ARCH^OLOGIA, XX. 1, containing Deposition and death of Richard II., by Weld and Amyot ; and Amyot on Early English carriages ; 3 papers, 18 plates, thick 4to. 1823. 34 ARCH^OLOGIA, XX. 2, containing Tomb of Sir J. Chandos ; Meyrick on Putting on old armour ; Lord E. Bruce's heart ; Population of cities under Edward III. ; Use of the pix ; Gothic ornaments of the Duomo, Battisterio, and Campo Santo of Pisa ; Ancient vessel (not floating) from the Bother, &c., &c. ; 11 papers, 11 plates, thin 4to. 1824. 141 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXL, containing Coins from S. Indian tumuli ; Coins from the sarhe tumuli ; Fragments of British chariots ; Runic inscription on a jasper ring, his ; Prussian ancient buildings ; Roman antiquities of the Vallum Antonini ; Steven- age church efiSgy ; Pointed arch in architec- ture, &c., &c. ; 35 papers, 27 plates. 1827. 35 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXI., containing Coins from Indian tumuli, 2 papers ; Runic gold ring; British chariots ; Sarcastic verses, 1399; Runic ring of Jasper; another; Ancient buildings in Prussia; Roman antiquities from Antonine's Vallum ; Monumental et&gy, &c. ; 35 papers, 27 plates. 1827. 34 ARCHiEOLOGIA, XXI. 2, containing Webb, Survey of Egypt and Syria ; Stothard, EflBgy in stone at Stonehenge ; Meyrick, the Abbey of Ystrad Marchell, &o., &o. ; 4to. 1827. 33 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXII., containing Tumor's Roman bath at Stoke, Lincolnshire ; R. C. Hoare, Mosaic pavements in Hants; S. R. Meyrick, Hand firearms, and also engravings on a German suit of armour ; H. Ellis, Bronze bracelet at Altyre ; J. Norris, British coins at High Wycombe; Kempe, Discoveries at Holwood Hill ; Old English poem on the siege of Rouen, &c., &c. ; 26 papers, 39 plates. 1829. 35 ABCH^OLOGIA, XXII. 1, containing Roman bath, Lincolnshire ; Mosaic pave- ments, Hants; Scottish monumental atones- German armour ; King's jewel house; Druidi- cal monument at Carnac, Brittany ; Scottish stone circles, &c. ; 15 papers, 24 plates, 4to. 1828. 16 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIII., containing Monument in the Campo Santo; Round towers of Norfolk; Ecclesiastical round towers; Subterranean chambers; Remains 12 Archceologia, titles lohich are an abstract of contents. at Psestum ; British shields ; Ancient bath at Lipari ; Camxo vases and antiquities ; Fresco painting ; Pair of candlesticks and pix ; Maiisoleum at Ravenna ; Roman remains in Norfolk, &o.; 25 papers, 36 plates, 4to. 1831. 34 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIII., containing Smirke, Sepulchral monument at Pisa; Wood- ward, Round church towers of Norfolk ; T. E. Croker, Subterranean chambers in Ireland ; Hoskins, Remains at Paestum ; Meyriok, British shields ; W. H. Smyth, Ancient bath at Lipari; Mahon, Viola of the ancients, &c., &c. ; 25 papers, 36 plates. 1831. 50 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIII. 1, containing Sepulchral monuments in the Campo Santo at Pisa; Round church towers of Norfolk, bis; SubteiTanean chambers near Cork; Remains at Psestum ; British shield; Ancient bath at Lipari ; Viola of the ancients ; On the " Oriel ; " Construction of old London Bridge, disc. 1826-7, &c.; 13 papers, 19 plates. 1830. 37 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIII. 1, containing Sepulchral monuments at Pisa ; Round towers of Norfolk ; Ecclesiastical round towers ; Subterranean chambers ; Sculptural remains at Psestum; British shields; Ancient bath ; The architectural member called an Oriel, &c., &c. ; 13 papers, 19 plates, 4to. 36 ARCH^OLOGIA,XXIII. 2, containing Canine's vases; Fresco in Sussex; Mausoleum at Ravenna ; Bell tower at Edmunsbury ; Roman remains in Norfolk ; Matrix of a Hampshire seal, &o., &o. ; 12 papers, 17 plates, 4to. 1830. 51 ARCH.a;OLOGIA, XXIII. 2, contain- ing Catalogue of Etruscan vases and anti- quities found by the Prince of Caniuo (Lucien Bonaparte) ; Fresco painting at Preston ; Theodoric's mausoleum at Ravenna ; Bell tower of Edmunsbury ; Roman remains in Norfolk, &c., &o. ; 12 papers, appendix, &o. ; 17 plates, 4:to. 1831. 49 ARCH.ZEOLOGIA, XXIV., containing Benedictionals ; Coins from the Dove ; Hats, Ac. ("fur the head" — Hamlet), Henry VIII. to 1800 ; Roman antiquities fiom Crooked Lane ; Chess in Europe ; Ancient drawings at the British Museum, &c., &o. ; 12, &c., papers, and 105 plates, 4to. 1832. 35 ARCH.^OLOGIA, XXIV., containing Illuminated MS. at Rouen ; Coins from the Dove ; Head coverings from Henry VIII.'s time ; Roman antiquities from Crooked Lane ; Introduction of chess into Europe, &c. ; 12 papers, 105 plates, 4to. 1833. 35 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIV., containing Gage, St. Ethelwold's benedictional illumi- nated MS.; Gage, MS. at Rouen ; Hawkins, Coins from the Dove ; Repton, Hats, bonnets, and head coverings ; Kempe, Roman anti- quities from Eastoheap ; Madden, Introduc- tion of chess into Europe, &c., &c. ; 12 papers, 105 plates, 4to. 1832. 140 ARGH^OLOGIA, XXV., containing Hour stones ; Effigy of John de Sheppy ; Celtic monuments in Brittany ; Brass vessel containing Stycas ; Ancient carved figure of St. George at Dijon; Antiquities at Bland- ford St. Mary, Dorset; Remains of Theodoric's palace at Ravenna, &c., &a. ; 26 papers, 71 plates, 4to. 1834. 48 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXV., containing Pillars of memorial ; Hour stones ; Printers and stationers of Elizabeth's time ; Sepulchral effigy of John de Sheppy ; Rickman, Eccle- siastical architecture of France ; Celtic monuments in Brittany; Coffin plate and history of Gunilda ; Antiquities of Central America; Ancient carved figure of St. George ; Antiquities of Blandford; Remains of Theo- doric's palace at Ravenna, &c., &o. ; 26 papers, 71 plates. 1834. 37 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXVI., containing Hawkius (E.) The Conqueror's coins at Bea- worth ; Douce, Foundation-stone of the original St. Mark's at Venice; Phillips, Ancient camje at North Stoke ; Mudge, Ancient struc- ture dug out of a bog; Kempe, Sepulchral vessels from an Ustrinum near Royston, &c., &c. ; 24 papers, 52 plates, 4to. 1836. 28 ARCH.^OLOGIA, XXVI. 1, containing Coins of William the Conqueror ; Rickman, Ecclesiastical architecture of France and England ; Foundation of the original church of St. Mark, Venice ; Inedited Saxon charters ; Ancient canoe from Sussex; Discoveries in excavating at Wymondham Abbey, &c., &c. ; 10 papers, 24 plates, 4to. 1835. 29 ARCH2E0L0GIA,XXVI. 2, containing Stycas from Hexham ; Ancient structure dug from a bog ; Sepulchral vessels near Royston ; Architectural history of Westminster Hall ; Gold British corselet ; Jerusalem Chamber at Westminster, &c., &c. ; 14 papers, also plates, 4to. 1836. 30 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXVII., containing Deane, Gold ornaments from Brittany ; Rep- ton, Female head-dress in England ; Burges, Old bridge at Stratford le-Bow ; Madden, bhakpspere's autograph, and the spelling of his name ; Pearsall, Kiss of the Viigin, mode of torture ; Pettigrew, Egyptian mummy ; Gage, British buckler from the Isis, &c., &c. ; 26 papers, 34 plates, 4to. 1838. 39 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXVIII., containing Delagarde, Lock-canal of Exeter; Smith, Roman bronzes from the Thames ; Death of Richard II. ; Agnew, Greek writings fr^om a catacomb ; Rokewode, Blue nuns of Paris ; Archibald, Ancient ordnance; Rickman on Stonehenge, &c., &c. ; 16 papers, 26 plates. 1840. 32 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXVIII. 1, contain- ing Roman sepulchral relics ; Antiquity of the Lock-canal at Exeter ; Roman bronzes from the Thames ; Coins near Leeds ; Manner of Richard II. 's death; Ancient Greek writings at Alexandria; English Blue nuns at Paris, Ac, &c. ; 10 papers, li plates, 4to. 1839. 42 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXIX., containing Ancient remains on the Wye and Severn; Heraldic devices on effigies ; Runic cross ; Egyptian ton:b; Fictile vaee at .Caniuo ; ArthiBologia, titles tvhich aye an abstract of contents. 13 Beoent Roman antiquities in London and at Strood ; Ancient temple in Malta ; Ancient aroliitecture in Snnthwark; Unpublished inscription from Bittern ; judicial duels ; Copper bowls, Ac, &o. ; 26 papers and appendix, besides 44 iplates, 4to. 1842. 41 AKCH^OLOGIA, XXX., containing Ennio obelisk and copper dish ; Tumuli on Breach Downs ; British barrow near Canter- buiy ; Punic inscriptions at Carthage ; Marks on the stones of Middle Age buildings; Palimpsest sepulchral brasses; Eoman villa near Northampton ; Gold ornaments in Ireland ; Antiquities at Sacrificios ; Tabula of gold presented by Emperor Henry; Sandal wood gates of Somnath ; Brit. M. Xanthian marbles ; TtimiiZits at Asterabad ; S. Dorset barrows ; Fictile vase of Juno, &c., &o. ; 31 papers, 24 plates. 1844. 57 ARCII^OLOGIA, XXX. 1, containing Bunio obelisk at Bothwell ; Tumuli at Breach Downs ; Ancient British barrow (of earth) ; Eoman villa near Northampton ; Gold orna- ments from Ireland ; Brit. M. Xanthian mar- bles, &c. ; 18 papers, 15 ptoie.', 4to. There are so many tumuli in one of the engravings that the ground appears in a tumult. 41 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXI., containing Nicolas, Order of the Garter; Birch, Vase from Sandy ; Birch, Auacreon and his dog, from Greek fictile vases; Albert Way, Incised sepulchral slabs, &o., &o. ; 34 papers. 23 s, 4to. 1846. 58 ARCH JSOLOGIA, XXXI. 1, containing Stall plates of the Garter Knights ; Monu- mental efEgy at York Minster; Episcopal rings ; Anacreon and his dog ; Incised sepul- chral slabs, &o. ; 12 papers, 5 plates, 4to. 1845. ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXII., containing ■Statue of Minerca Custos ; Ruins of Abessi- nian (sic) church ; Fictile vase from Tuloi ; Trials by ordeal ; Wayland Smith's cave ; tegend of Weland the Smith ; Roman remains at Chesterford, Us; British coins at Chester- foid; Five barrows in Cambridgeshire; 34 papers, 21 plates. 1847. ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXIII., containing Astrological clock at the Society of Anti- quaries ; Gnostic gems ; Antiquities near Amiens ; Gold torquis from Needwood Forest ; Capture of the " Great Carraok ;" Saxdn remains at Barrow Furlong, &c. ; 26 papers, 17 plates. 1849. 36 ARCH.5:0L0GIA, XXXIII. 2, contain- ing Capture of the Great Carrack; Antiquities of St. Albans ; Defeat of the Armada ; Naklurgt and America ; Watchmaking, letter ii ; Saxon remains in Northamptonshire ; Sword, dagger, and ring of James IV., &c. ; 13 papers, § plates, 4to. 1849. ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXIV., Astrological clock ; Roman sepulchral remains, &o. ; Coloured drawing of ancient beads ; Ystum- cegid cromlech ; Saxon remains at Fairford ; Celtic antiquities of Orkney ; Opening of Yorkshire timiuU ; Astrological table clock and astrolabe ; Silver disc from Tarentum ; Roman remains at Box Moor; Ancient camp at Bayonne, Ac. ; 32 papers, 40 plates. 1852. 43 AEOH^OLOGIA, XXXV., contniniug Ancient churches of W. France ; Lukis on Megaliths (Druidical stones and Celtic tombs in the Channel Islands) ; Guvry, Saxon, &c., remains at Mentmore ; IBotfield, Roman villa near Nottingham ; Akerinan, Anglo-Saxon burial-ground near Salisbury, &c., &o. ; 36 papers, 22 plates, in 2 parts, 4to. 1853. 43 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXV., containing C. G. Young, Expenses of Lady Elizabeth and the Elector Palatine, 1613; J. P. Collier, Lucies of Charloot ; T. Wyse, Erectheium and the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, injured in a storm; J. H. Parker, Ancient churches of W. France ; W. M. Wylie, Barbed javelin ; J. Evans, Roman excavations at Box Moor ; 86 papers, 22 plates, 4to. 1853. 61 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXV. 1, contain- ing Ancient churches in West France; Javelin of the Francs ; Roman villas at Boxmoor ; Ancient potteries at W. New Forest ; Teu- tonic remains near Dieppe ; Ancient gold ornaments, &c. ; 17 papers, 8 plates, 4to. 1853. ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXVL containing Medigeval architecture in Aquitaine, Us ; Adventure of Perseus (vase) ; Objects from excavations at Salisbury ; Submerged city of Vineta, Ms ; Roman buildings at Keston ; Unrolling of a mummy at Florence ; Sculp- tures in a temple at Bath ; Silver rings and coins ; Tesselated pavements ; Mortuary urns ; Bronze weapons ; Old tapestry, &o.' ; 38 papers, Z% plates. 1855. 40 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXVI. 2, contain- ing Sepultures trouvees slBouteilles; Mortuary urns from North Germany ; Mediaeval arch of Aquitaine; Bronze weapons from the I. Wight ; Peter the Great's boat ; Remarkable sepulchral remains ; Episcopal rings ; Old tapestry ; Horse-trappings, &c. ; 17 papers, 18 coloured Sfc. plates, 4to. 1855. 39 ARCHiEOLOGIA, XXXVI. 1, contain- ing Mediaeval architecture in Aquitaine ; Vase representing an adrenture of Perseus, objects dug up at Salisbury; Submerged city of Vineta; Excavations at Bromley; Florentine mummy ; Temple discovered at Bath ; Rings and coins from Worcester, &c. ; 21 papers, 20 coloured ^'c. plates, 4to. 1855. ARCH.^OLOGIA, XXXVII., containing The olochard of Westminster Palace; Suabian tumuli; Sepultures trouvies d, Bouteilles ; Remains at Kemble ; Anglo-Saxon cemeteries ; Excavations at Cumse ; Circular trenches and British cemetery ; Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli ; Early paper marks, &c. ; 31 papers, 12 plates. 1857. ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXVII. 1, containing Old clochard at Westminster ; Suabian (wiir- tembergische) tumuli ; Sepultures aBouteilles ; Distafi'and spindle, as insignia; Anglo-Saxoa J 4 Arcliceologia, titles 'wJdch are an abstract of contents. remains at Kemble ; French and Swiss churches prior to Charlemagne (priories?), &c. ; 18 papers, 6 plates, 4to. 1857. AECH^OLOGIA, XXXVIII., containing Anglo-Norman building in Southwark ; Capi- tal punishment in the Middle Ages ; Anglo- Saxon cemetery ; Early lake dwellings ; Pelasgio and Latian vases ; Excavations at Carthage ; Archolithio remains in North Africa ; Flint implements from undisturbed beds ; Chambered long-barrow ; History of the bayonet, &c.; 30 papers, 24i plates. 1860. 62 AECH.a;OLOGIA, XXXVIII. 1, con- taining Anglo-Norman building in South, wark ; Farca et Fossa, Capital punishments ; Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Brighthampton ; Pilgrims' signs from the Thames ; Early lake dwellings ; Pelasgic and Latian vases ; Excavations at Carthage, &c., &c. ; 16 papers, 13 coloured ^c. plates, 4to. 1860. 45 AECH^OLOGIA, XXXVIII. 2, con- taining Artholithic remains in North Africa j Flint implements ; Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Wittenham ; A Thothmes III. tablet ; Cham- bered long barrow ; History of the bayonet ; Mural paintings at Chalgrove, &o. ; 14 papers, 18 plates, 4to. 1860. AECH^SIOLOGIA, XXXIX., containing Flint implements from the drift ; Roman remains in Dorset ; N. German brick arclii- tecture ; Cimetieres en Normandie; Anglo- Saxon iDurial-ground ; Ptolemaic tablets ; Four illuminations ; Coptic papyri ; Crannoge from Ireland ; Roman remains discovered in London, &c. ; 28 papers, 24 coloured ^'c. plates. 1863. 44 ARCH^OLOGIA, XXXIX. 2, Landing of Caesar ; Egyptian tablets ; Coptic papyri ; Interpretation of hieroglyphics ; Roman remains in London ; 14 papers, 10 plates, and 14 illuminations, 4to. 34 AECH^OLOGIA, XXXIX. 1, con- taining Holbein, ter ; Flint implements in the drift; Roman remains in Dorset; N. German iDriok architecture; Cimetieres en Normandie; Anglo-Saxon burial-ground in Berks ; Remains of Austin Friars, &c. ; 14 papers, 14 plates, 4to. 1863. ARCH^OLOGIA, XL., containing Mappe- monde, by Leonardo da Vinci ; Holbein's Portraits of the royal family, Ms ; Holbein's Duchess of Milan ; Subterranean chambers in Cornwall ; Ring of the fisherman ; Roman remains at Chester ; Roman wall of London ; Pocket dial of 1593 ; Worked flints of Pres- signy ; Documents on magic, Silohester ; Ancient rock tombs ; Romano-British ceme- tery, &c. ; 33 papers, 32 plates. 1866. 45 ARCH^OLOGIA, XL. 1, containing Mappemonde, by Leonardo da Vinci ; Site of Roman London ; Holbein's Portraits of the royal family ; Subterranean chambers in Cornwall ; Annulus Piscatoris ; Roman churches before 1150 ; Human sacrifices ainongthe Romans, &c. ; Ifl papers, 14 ytoies, 4to. 1866. 64 ARCHiEOLOGIA, XL. 1., containing Leonardo da Vinci's Mappemonde ; Britisli and Roman London, ter ; Holbein's Portraits of the royal family, bis; Holbein's Duchess of Milan ; Subterranean chambers in Corn- wall ; Fisherman's ring ; Churches at Rome before 1150; Human sacrifices of the Romans, his ; &o. ; 16 papers, 14 plates, 4to. 1866.._ 47 ARCH^OLOGIA, XL. 2 (no title), containing Roman remains at Chester ; Site on London's Roman wall; Pocket dial of 1593 ; Roman Portus Leraanis ; Excavations at Silohester ; Rock tombs and human remains at Malta; Romano British cemetery at Plymouth, &o., &c. ; 17 papers ; 18 coloured Sfc. plates, 4to. ARCH.^OLOGIA,XLI., containing Paston letters, ter ; Mosque of Omar ; Remains at Veil and Praaneste ; Bronze object at Lucera, and the worship of Pan LycEens or Faunus Lupercus ; Unpublished songs and ballads by Henry VIII., &c. ; Castra of the Littus S.; Castrum of Othona, &c. ; 23 papers, 22 plates. 1867. 48 ARCH^OLOGIA, XLT. 2, containing Bronze objects fro.n Lucera ; Roman bronze vessels in Yorkshire ; Unpublished songs by Henry VIII., &c. ; Stone implements from Loughneagh ; Runic calendars ; Anglo- Saxon fibula, &c. ; 11 papers, 9 plates, 4to. 1866. AECH^OLOGI A, XLIL, containing Recent excavations in Rome; Sussex hill forts; Urns from the commune of Marino; Long barrows ; Easter sepulchres ; William Rufus(?) tomb at Winchester ; Bacini, or enamelled earthenware in Italian clmrches ; Lamp for the Mosque of Omar ; Chalice and paten at Nettlecombe ; Ancient cemetery at Frilford, &c. ; 2] papers, 35 plates. 1869. ARCH^OLOGIA, XLIIL, containing Portrait of the Empress Leonora ; Faliscan archaic inscription ; Olla from the Disney mai bles ; Runic stones which speak of Knut ; Roman remains at Duston; Ancient Irish works of art ; Excavations at Canterbury ; Implements for the bath ; Inscribed strigils ; Faliscan inscription ; Excavations in Rome, &c. ; 18 papers, 39 coloured ^c. plates. 1871. ARCH.^OLOGIA, XLTV., containing • Ancient oaken coflSus ; Inscription on a copperdish; Unnoticed expedition of Augustus Imp. to Britain; Phaleroe, &c., from Switzer- land ; Inscriptions on leaves of lead ; Test of centurial stones ; Enamelled gold-bound book of prayers ; Discoveries in Bbenside Tarn ; VI. century box of carved ivory ; Antique gold and finger rings, &c. ; 29 papers, 19 plates. 1873. ARCHiEOLOGIA, XLV., containing An- tique and Renaissance gems and jewels at Windsor ; Celtic tumuli at Dover ; Different styles of pottery from ancient tombs in Cyprus, &c. ; 7 papers, 15 coloured ^c. plates of pottery, also engravings. 1877. Badness of English catalogues. 15 Atlas. The young cataloguer's attention is directed to the following titles^ on the left, shortly given : — • New Biblical atlas, with 10 maps. . . . Atlas ; 16 coloured maps. New . . . Atlas, containing 16 coloured maps. New Biblical atlas ; 10 maps. These and other atlases cannot properly be described as " containing maps" or "with maps;" they are maps. It is true that Atlas, in the heathen mythology, was said to hold the world, on his back; but an atlas, in our real world of to-day, consists of maps, which are found behind its back. No one dreams of saying that a man contains flesh and blood; we say he is flesh and blood. So, the above-named atlases are better given as on the right, saving room as usual. The completion of "The American Catalogue" deserves more thnn the passing notice we. gave it last week. Previous attempts at trade-lists of American literature have not been very successful. .... We were worse off than the Germans of course, than the French, than the Datch; worse off even than the English, which is saying much.— Feom AN American litekaey jouen-al. Badness of English catalogues. On this head there seems to be a pretty tolerable unanimity of opinion. Some two or three years ago a writer in the Fortnightly Review said that "English cataloguing was in a disgraceful state of carelessness." I believe that the expression " disgraceful state of carelessness " meant that many a book whose title one might reasonably expect to find in a record of English publications, is not noted. I am afraid that this is only too true; but it may be added that those who compile catalogues of English books for reference are probably quite as sensible of their imper- fections as any looker-on can be. " How, then, do you account for their deficiencies ?" says the reader. By the difficulties which lie in the way of obtaining information. One instance is so incredibly curious that I am tempted to narrate it. It is part of my work to compile the list of books published during every year in Great Britain and Ireland. One evening, not very long ago, I chanced , to see at a distance, and to hear mentioned, a new book whose title had not presented itself in the ordinary way of business. A day or two afterwards I went to the source from which the particulars as to new books were accustomed to be derived, and asked for information about the book I had seen. There it " Had not been met with ; perhaps it was American?" On this I went to the American department of one of our largest London houses, but could learn nothing. Then I went to the American department of another preeminent house^ with the same result. After that I thought I would try a publisher's counter, noted for books of the class to which the sougbt volume belonged ; it was equally unknown there. Lastly I went to the largest general dealer in second-band books, to see if haply a " review copy " had been sold to him by some critic ; also without result. There ended the search. About six months afterwards, looking at a second-hand bookstall without any particular object, the book which had eluded me so often was seen— and bought. On its title- page as place of publication was a considerable village among the mountains in the north of Great Britain. And now, with the book in my hand, I was still without three important particulars which are usually given in yearly catalogues of reference, the publishing price — for what I had paid v/ould not tell me that — the month of issue, and the name of the 16 Titles of hiograplcical worlcs. London agent. For these items I wrote to the publisher in the country, and learnt that the book had been out nearly a year, that the price was , and that the London publishing office was not a mile from the place whence I had issued on my various quests. Now, it may be asked, what sort of a publisher it is who keeps an article thus dark, instead of noising it abroad ? and how people who compile general catalogues are to do their work properly, while those who are particularly interested hide their lights under a bushel ? The truth is, that books are omitted from general catalogues of English literature only because the compiler does not know of their existence. This is too frequently the case, notwithstanding that considerable pains are taken, by watching shop windows, and scanning advertisements, to supply the inevitable shortcomings of any one source. Biographical works. There is a superstition among English book- sellers which makes them, in alphabets governed by authors' names, nevertheless, seek a biographical work which bears the author's name under the name of the person treated of — the subject of the memoir — even when there is an index of subjects. Whence it comes, that books which should appear as on the right, ai'e apt to be recorded as on the left hand : — Moore (G.) Merchant and philanthropist, Smiles (S.) George Moore, merchant and by S. Smiles. philanthropist ; which would lead any ono acquainted with the proper method of doing this kind of work, to suppose that a Mr. G. Moore had written a book called the " Merchant and philanthropist," which was edited by S. Smiles. I think I know the origin of the superstition I am directing attention to. In former days catalogues were without indexes, so that a book had to be put under the leading, or most important name. But, directly you have, an index, the case is altered. To put a work of biography under the subject of it in an author's alphabiit is indexing ; not merely upsetting the alphabet and the consulter of the catalogue, but completely stultifying the index by anticipating its work. At present, if I were lamed, I should probably be thankful to be carried in a wheelbarrow, rather than limp painfully along the street. But suppose I came to have a carriage, would it not be absurd to persist in going about in a wheelbarrow ? That is what is being done in many a case of domestic cataloguing. At the same time, where a man in a great measure writes his own life, as in the cases of "Walter Scott, Charles Mathews, and Gilbert Scott, the biographee is also the biographer, and has the pas. The foregoing remarks apply only to a catalogue for students' or busi- ness-like reference. In sale catalogues the practice is different, because they do not commonly possess an index. Book-marker. I have sometimes thought that the convenience of both librarians and readers would be promoted by the use of tickets somewhat on the plan of the annexed sketch. The idea, as I should propose applying it, is not unlike Messrs. Max Gregers' arrangement with regard to Carlowitz sold in flagons. The customer pays 19s., or some such sum, for six flagons of wine, which he does not receive all at once, but they are sent to him when he desires it, say one at a time. When payment is made for the wine, the customer gets a receipt for the money, and six tickets like a railway ticket, each representing a flagon. When a flagon is delivered at the customer's house, a ticket is handed over in exchange. Boolc-marlcer, library voucher, and paper-cutter, in one. 1 7 I suggest that when a subscriber gets his receipt for his year's money, he should also receive a ticket or tickets, according to the number of books he is able to borrow at once ; the tickets being stamped with the page of the ledger, which becomes the subscriber's number, distinguished by the letters a, h, c, d, in addition, where the subscriber is entitled to more than one book. It is imaginable, and must often occur, that a servant is sent to a library with a book for exchange, without any written memorandum, and told to get so-and-so or so-and-so. The first thing asked by the man at the counter, when a book comes back, is " Who * is this from ? " and then, " What do you want instead ? " The tablet book-marker, being essential to the getting a book, comes with that which is returned, and makes both questions unnecessary. The clerk opens the book of entries, which is always before him, at the page answering to the number of the book-marker, and sees where the returned volume comes from. What the customer wants instead is found written on the tablet, which is chiefly blank space for that purpose, or for making memoranda which arise out of reading. One side might be used for one purpose, and one for the other. The tablet book-marker, not too large for an ordinary pocket- book, remains in the subscriber's pocket when a library book, is not required; until that is the case, re- ceiving meanwhile any memoranda of books to be read, &c. The tablet, being of card, when it is filled by writing, is renewed without expense by the library, and if only ordinarily strong, ensures the reader a paper- cutter which is never dissociated from his book. It will doubtless be objected that these tablets are sure to be lost occa- sionally. Of course ; but that is easily provided against. Suppose a sub- scriber who has tickets 2110a, 2110&, 2110c, 2110c?, loses 2110a, the library clerk has only to give him 2110e, and make a note on the page 2110 of his entering-book, "Don't honour 2110a.'" If the directions are given to the library assistants always to watch for such a mem., it will become mechanical and cause no trouble. Besides, every library has its plan of book-keeping, and very likely the pages of the entering-book are specially printed before binding. Thus, there will only be to reserve one line towards the head of each page, at the beginning of which is printed — ■ Stop, and then the number of a lost ticket is entered in that line, to which the clerk's eye will inevitably go on opening the book. * This book is not on the "art of teaching the English I:irgiiage with the correctueas and propriety " of an' American grammarian, but on incidents of actual or likely ocourreucci in dealing mechanically with books. C 18 Booh-marlcer ; hooks' names; boohs of the Bible. 1 am aware that at Mr. Mudie's library town exchanges are registered on cards which are kept in alphabetical order, each card representing a subscription. In this way it is instantly seen whether any book has been alrendy had on the day inquiry is made ; which seemed to me miraculous till I found how it was done. But I believe that the great majority of circulating libraries, such as are kept by booksellers in the country, make entries direct in their books, when exchanges take place, and what comes back is then erased. Supposing the tablet I suggest were adopted, each page of the library entering-book, or the two pages which show at once, might be divided into four columns. Then, in one instant, the librarian could head them a, h, c, d, if a new subscriber wanted four books at a time. Without such heading they would take the successive entries of a single subscriber. Free libraries might, I think, use a modification of the tablet book- marker as a ticket, in some tougher substance than card. Books' names, as they present themselves to a cataloguer in the dourse of his work, have more in them than a casual observer might be disposed to think. Sometimes the suggestiveness is in the titles them- selves, at times in a juxtaposition of names, at others it is due to the " changes and chances " of alphabetical arrangement. Occasionally the mere names of books are topographical, as : — Bit of bread. Bit of coal. Jairy know-a-bit. Longbottom, short cut to arithmetic. Or, one may have a tale of happiness comprised within five words, as in Dr. Holland's— Kathrina, her life and mine. What can bo prettier ? Sometimes the name of a book reads like a joke, as — An outlying hamlet ; remembering the gravedigger and Hamlet — " You lie, being out of it I " I imagine the following to be a North British title : — Sweet sleep, a course of reading to promote it. At all events, they say Lord Byron used to keep the sermons of a celebrated Scotch divine at his bed-head, finding them a never-failing soporific. Sometimes one little word testifies to the author's knowledge, as— '• Valleys of the Tirol, where the name is spelt as it is found in the locality. Here is a case of mere juxtaposition : — Clark, Corns and bunions. Not transfeiuble. Below are the names of two books which putting slips into alphabetical order has brought side by side : — Faith the want of the age. History of a mountain. These are but fragments of what might be offered. I^et me end with a title which comes before us year by year : — ■ The annual monitor. I venture to call this periodical memento of departed Friends a very beautiful and touching idea. Books of the Bible. The following table may be found useful. Names of the Old and Neiv Testament hoolcs. 19 BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. Fbench. Gebmaw. Gekek, IlALIA.lf. LiTIH. Bible Bibel Bibbia Biblia Saintes Ecritures *)filige St^rift ••( Testament 18 nil b Testameiito Testamentura Pentdteuque %\t ffinf 93uc^ct aRofiS ••• Pentateuchus Gen^ae @ia ©PHNOI lEPEMIOY Lamentation! Threni Ez^chiel iSjct^tel IE2EKHIA Eaecchiele Ezechiel Dauiel !S)aiiK[ AANIHA Daniele Daniel Os^e ^ofea 02HE Osea J Hoseas I Osea ■ Joel 3dcI IJIHA Gioele Joel Amos (QniDS AMn2 Amos Amos Abdias Cbabia^ OBAIOY Abdia Obadia Jonas Sixtd iaNA2 Giona Jonas Mich(Se anic^a MIXAIA2 Michea Micha Nahum 91a I) 11 ni NAOYM Nahum Nahum Habakuk ^abofuf AMBAKOYM Abacuc Habacuc SophoniB Aggte 3'fif)ania 20*0NIA2 Sofonia Zephania ^Oflgai Ari'AIOS Aggeo Haggasus Zachario tSa^aTJfl / ZAXAPIA2 Zaccaria Zacharias Malachie lOTaliic^io » tSRafeacVi f MAAAXIA2 Malachia Malachias BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. Matfchieu 3Rati^at' MAT0AION Matteo Matthseum Marc \-&(br(ii'r6ri(f J EBPAI0Y2 Ebroi Hebrajos Jacquea Pierre I., II. ©t. Stieuf'' lAKIlBOY nETPOY S. Jacobo S. Pietro Apostolo Jacobi Petri Epitre de Jean l I., n., in. J Jude ®r. 3o&fl""f8 MAN'NOY S. Giovanni Apostolo Joanuia ©I. 3uba lOYAA T S. Giuda Apostolo 1 1 Giudei 1 Judge ( L' Apocalisse, o la . Apocalypse Cffeiifiannig AnOKAAY*I2 ) Revelazione di S. " 1 Giovanni Teologo 1 y (divine) J Apocaljpsia c 2 20 Capital letters in English and foreign catalogues. Capital letters. Tte needless and importunate capital letters of an English-printed catalogue are a grievous eyesore to any one \^rlio lias been educated— i.e. led out of insular prejudice — by observation of the methods •pursiJed in countries where bibliography haS been "Studied for a longer ■ time than it has in England. The practice of other countries and in other languages is very well exhibited by the following cutting from a Eoman catalogue, that of Mr. E. Loscher." By a " fortuitous concourse " which is very handy for the immediate purpose, an English, French, German, Latin, and an Italian title find themselves in immediate juxtaposition. In the German, accord- ing to a rule of the language, substantives are distinguished by capital letters. In all the others capital letters are not obtruded : — BlUihgS., Scientific raaterialiam and ultimate auf die Grundantinomie d. wiasenscliaftl. conceptions. London, in-8. 17 50 Denkens. Berlin, in-8. 10 50 _ T iSi 1 T ii. ' • J i> ' 1 Cornoldi J. M., Inatitntiones pMlosopliiae Carrau L, fitudes sur la theone de 1 eyoln- i^tj^^e ad mentem S. Thomae Aqui- tion auz points de vue psy chologique, ^^^^^ .^ j^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ Dominica Agostim, rehgaeux et moral. Paris, m-12. 4- yenetiarnm patriaroha. Bononiae, in-16. Caspar! 0., Die Grundprobleme der Erkennt- " nissthatigkeifc beleuohtet vom psycholo- Descours di Tourney G., Sulla eduoazione gischen u. kritischen Gesichtspiinkte. 2. dei figli del popolo nella scuola pubblioa. Bd. Die Natur d. Intellects im Hinbliok Napoli, in-8. 1 50 (Titles " Cornoldi " and " Colonne " among those just cited serve to show the use of a vocabulary of terms and proper names occurring in catalogues, which is found at the end of the book. Bononice is Latin for " (at) Bologna," and Bolognese is Italian for an " inhabitant of Bologna " or " of Bologna." Practised hands will not want to be told this ; but there must be many young men entering on business, to whom the information will be useful.) To the foregoing may be added three titles from the catalogue of Mr. Rosenthal of Miinchen, which, in themselves, are historically interesting : — Chute de I'Angleterre, (Englands Verderben.) Batterie, schwim- ineiide, auf Plosseu erbaut, mit welcher die Franzosen eine Landung in England versHchen wolleii. Colorirte Abbildung nebst d. beschreibenden Text. Yerfertigt v. Lehlanc, franz. Iiigenieur, gest. v. J. Miller in Hanau (1806). Koy.-fol.' Sehr selteues Plugblatt ! Colonne in memoria della vittoria di Mrtrengo, progetti da Pistocohi di Faenza e Antolini di Castel Bolognese, J. Caniani dei. Milano (circa 1800). Constitution de I'assemblee nationale et serment des deputes qui la com- ponent a Versdilles le 17. Juia 1789. Dessine et gr. p. J. M. Moreau. Gi-.-in-fol. Not a capital letter is there here, just as with the preceding examples, which cannot be accounted for. Why should there not be, even with English catalogues, the simple rule to abstain from the employment of capital letters when they are not imperative? This matter will be found abundantly illustrated by the examples under Notes and Reference. It will be seen from the picture opposite and its accompanying- words that the question of capital or small letter at the beginning of a word might be serious. I owe the illustration and its words to 8chalk, a humorous paper of Berlin. Capital letters in titles; careless entering of hooks. 21 jiJjJ^L|Jif.4:r...-'-fi 7m Buchhdndl^rladen. JuNGE Dame. loh finde sie wirklich reizend. BuoHHAENDLEB. Mioh, mein Friialein ? JuNGE Dame. Nein, die Lie- der im Kattenfanger. Scene : a boolcseUer's shop. Young lady. I find you* truly charming. BoOKSELLEK. Me, moxlemoi- selle ? Young i.ady. No,t the songs in the Ratcatcher. Carelessness. Nothing, I should think, is more conspicuous to an observer than the Carelessness, the extraordinary want ot" thought, with ■which books are chronicled by some of our experienced hands who rank as " authorities " in the trade. Here are a couple of samples from the catalogue of one of our largest wholesale houses, compiled for the use of booksellers. On the right is how the titles might have been given : — Post-office directory; Hampshire, Isle of Kelly's Dikectoey of Hampshire, with the Isle of Wight, Wiltshike, & Dor- SETSHIRE. With Maps. 6th Edit. Imp. 8vo. II. 10s. Keys to the Classics : — Xenophon's Anarasis. Literally translated by T. J. Arnold. Complete in 1 vol. 12mo. 3s. 6d. Wight, Wiltshire, Dorset, 6th ed. imp. 8vo, £1 10s. Kelli/. Hnmpsliire. Post-ojice directoiy. Isle "f Wight. Post-office diveciory. Wiltshire. Post-o^e directory. Dorset. Post-ojjfice directory. Xenophon, Anabasis, literally translated, com- plete in one vol. 12mo. 3s. 6d. Kelly's keys. * In German, Sie means " you," and sie " they "; to- the ear the words are identical. The bookseller gives himself the benefit of ihe doubt. f II me prit amicalement k part et me dit qu'il voulait me fnire uu petit cadeau. — Quoi ? — II faut abandonner et oublier pour ainsi dire le particnle non, dont voug 'faites un frequent usage k tort et k travera. Non n'est pas un mot franyais; au lieu de cette syllabo desobligeante, dites : Pardon, ffow est un dementi.— M^uoniES de Casanova. 22 British carelessness ; christian names in titles. With regard to the first example^ the inquiries it will meetj or should meetj are " Has any volume (or what volumes) of the Post-office directory been published lately.? " or, " Has any directory been published lately of Hampshire, or of the Isle of Wight, or of Wilts or Dorset ? " The book- seller looks under these names in the list, and not finding anything, supiioses there is nothing ; it is not very likely he will have the courage to wade through some hundred lines of close print to find out. The second example should provide an answer tb a customer's question, " Has any literal translation of Xenophon's Ana:basis been issued lately t" A country bookseller looks under "Xenophon " and under "Anabasis," and finding none says "No," Is he to be obliged to have Mr. Kelly's Irish keys in his head, before he can unlock the treasures of this truly British catalogue ? Here is another British entry from a similar quarter, whose oflSce is (I suppose) to tell the unfortunate local bookseller that an edition ot Anne of Geierstein has lately been given to the Tvorld. On the left is the actual entry, and on the right of it is how I should have thought the smallest reflection would have induced a man to turn it : — EcoTT (Sm W.) :— Wavebley Novels. Vols. Scott (W.) Anne of Geierstein, 2 vols, illust. 44 and 45. lUufatrated edit, with cr. 8vo, at 2s. 6d. Hovels xliv. xlv. Author's notes. Anne of GbieksteIk,' Vols. 1 and 2, 12nio. 2s. 6d. each. Can we need, now 'Tis sixty years since, not only to be informed that each of Scott's novels was for a time a part of the celebrated " Waverley Novels," but now that the name has no practical meaning, to have the words thrust upon us to the obscuring of that which is sought ? I know I shall be told that Waverley Novels is on the title-page of the volumes. Very likely ; but a man who had any savoir-faire would not put them into his title in a practical catalogue. Cheap. Never use the words " cheap " or " cheaper " in a reference catalogue ; it is neater and more efiiective to say as in the following title : — Twain (Mark) Tramp abroad (formerly 2 vols. 21s.) illust. cr. 8vo, 7s. 6(J. 1880. A kind of corollary to the foregoing hint, is — Never say " 1 vol. or one vol." in describing a book ; it is awkward. And it is unnecessary, because if a book is in more than one volume, the number is invariably stated. The only excuse for saying 1 vol. is when a book has hitherto consisted of several ; and then it is more useful to indicate that fact as shown above. Christian names. When an author is a classic, English or foreign, it is hardly necessary in a catalogue that is not of the straitest official character to burden the alphabet with his christian name, unless, as in the case of Macaulay, there are two historians, or, as in the case of Corneille, there are two poets. This is how I would suggest entering the greatest names : — Dante, Divina Commedia, Homer, Iliad, Milton, Paradise lost, Rabelais, Oiliivrea, Xenophon, Anabasis, putting either a comma or a semicolon after the surname, instead of the too common hissing possessive " 's." In this way an author's name is never distorted to the eye, and the confusion arising out of names like Ghristian names of authors, how they are best given. 23 Burn, Burns ; Dod, Dods; Edward, Edwards, Edwardes; Richard, Richards is kept clear of. The following examples are from an English " second-hand " catalogue of twenty-two pages. They are here presented to show what absurdity the needless employment of the possessive leads to. In this one catalogue hundreds of authors' names are distorted, and space wasted, all through writing the titles in a dull, mechanical way which might not matter if the christian names were not also given, but which the presence of the christian names renders absurd. And even in error, uniformity is not observed. To show this, the example " Southey (R.) " is also given. It serves to point out how the majority should have been. Arnold's (T. D.D.) Sermons, &c. 1844. Ehinds (W.) Feline species. 1834. Eales's (Rev. W. T. H.) The Great, &o. 1869. Beruay's (A. J.) Houseliold chemistry. 1854. Fellow's (Sir C.) Journal, &c. 1839-41. Southey (H.) Selections. 18:i2. Carry's Civil wars, &o. Dublin, 1810. Spurgeon's Lectures. 1875. When there are two authors of exactly the same name, the young cataloguer has to mind that their works are kept apart, and that the name of each author is so given that it is distinctly seen which of the two is meant, In the case of the two authors named Alexandre Dumas, father and son, custom has saved us trouble ; their names are always or generally given as under : — Dumaa (Alex.) Tulipe noire. (Alex, fils) Dame aux camellias. But with the name of Dickens, the path is not so clear. T would suggest the following as a simple way of distinguishing — Dickens (C. Novelist) Bleak House. (Charles) Dictionary of London. This method has at least the merit of securing that the author who is latest in point of time comes also last in the alphabet. Or, with the same effect, you may say — Dickens (Charles) Bleak House. Dickens' Dictionary of London. Only the printer is almost sure, with the best intentions, to substitute a for the second surname. When an author has what may be called a characteristic christian name, or one of his christian names is generally spoken in full, let that christian name appear in full in your catalogue ; taking care, of course, that the colloquial habit of speaking of an author does not lead you to ignore his other christian name (if he have one), which should appear in initial. There is no more popular name in light literature than Wilkie Collins, but to give in a catalogue — Collins (Wilkie) is incorrect. The gentleman's name is "William Wilkie Collins." Therefore the entry should be — Collins (W. Wilkie). The following are examples of familiar or characteristic christian names as they are likely to appear in a catalogue : — Duff (M. E. G.). Duff (M E. Grant). Parker (T.). Parker (Theodore). Spencer (H.). Spencer (Herbert). Taylor (M.). Taylor (Meadows). Winslow (F. E.). Winslow (Forbes E.). These five writers are colloquially known, I believe, as Messrs. " Grant 24 Christian names and prefixes of authors. Duff," "Theodore Parker/' "Herbert Spencer/' "Meadows Taylor/' and " Forbes Winslow." Your title^ therefore, must so note the christian nameSj that a young fellow, if suddenly asked, " Is this book by, Mr. Grant Duff ? " (the book itself, perhaps, not at hand) may not be put to confusion. One way of being clear is to give these and similar names as on the right a few lines before this. It is rather a significant fact that I owe the full christian names of Mr. Grant Duff to an American catalogue, that of the Brooklyn Library, which is an excellent dictionary of reference in regard to authors' names. Nothing, in cataloguing, requires more care than the recording of books written by married ladies. Uncle Tom's Gabin and its celebrated authoress are an excellent case in point. The lady is generally known in conversation as " Mrs. Stowe/' or as " Mrs. Beecher Stowe." On this, the British cataloguer " sits down quickly " and writes — Stowe (Mrs. Beecher) XTncle Tom's cabin. In similar hands, if contraction is required, the name becomes one of the following : — Stowe (Mrs. B.), Stowe (B.) ; from which last it appears that the initial letter of the lady's christian name is B, the name being actually Harriet Elizabeth ; but even this, in bibliography, is doubtful, for half a dozen copies will give you various readings. Taking the christian names, however, as Harriet Elizabeth, this is how I would enter "Uncle Tom's cabin" in a catalogue for reference : — Stowe (Harriet E. ; Mrs. Beecher) Uncle Tom's cabin ; which renders mistake impossible ; and so with like cases. Another name may be added by way of example, that of the accom- plished authoress of the " Tide on the moaning bar." I will give her name immediately below, alongside of Mrs. Beecher Stowe's, to show different ways in which want of proper attention may cause the names to be recorded: — ■Ptowe (Mrs.). Burnett (F. E.). (Mrs. B ). (Mrs.). (B.). (Mrs. Hodgson). (Mrs. H. B.). (H ) (H. B.). (F. H.). (H. E. B.). (Mrs. E. H.). The lady whose name comes immediately after Mrs. Stowe's is known colloquially, I believe, as Mrs. Hodgson Burnett. The following way of giving the name is probably the most useful : — Bnrnelt (P. E. Mrs. Hodgson) Tide on the moaning bar. Where a lady has a characteristic name beyond her surname, which is colloquially associated with her books, as in the case of Mrs. Liuuseus Banks, don't write — • but— Brinks (Mrs. L.), or (worst of all) — (Mrs.), Banks (L.), Banks (Mrs. Linnaeual. In chronicling a book by a maiden lady, don't put " Miss" immediately after the surname, but the christian name if you can get it; because if the lady has written several works, some others are very likely to be noted Christian names and prefixes of authors. 25 with her christian name after the surname. The best plan is, as suggested with regard to " Mrs./' to give the christian name immediately after the surnamej adding the prefix afterwards, thus : — Yonge (Charlotte M. ; Miss) Daisy chain. Sometimes an author, after publishing a book with the name on the title-page, publishes another without it, as : — Mathers (Helen) Comiu' thro' the rye, &c. 1875. My Lady Green sleeves, by the author of Comin' thro' the rye, &o. 1878. In such a case you are almost obliged in a collective catalogue {i.e. of several years' books) to add the following entries after " Mathers " and " My " respectively : — See also " My Lady Green sleeves." See also " Mathers." The following instance will show the advantage of giving ladies' christian names in full in a catalogue. Within the last ten years, apart from Mr. Wilkie Collins, three authors of the name of Collins have given works of fiction to the world. They are : — the late Mr. Mortimer ColHns, Mrs. Mortimer Collins, and Miss Mabel Collins. If the names Mortimer and Mabel are merely represented by an initial letter in the catalogue, it becomes impossible for those who refer to it to learn which novels are by Mr. Collins and which by Miss Collins. The method I suggest for giving ladies' names and their prefixes keeps each novelist's works perfectly distinct, thus : — Collins (Mabel ; Miss) In this world, 2 vols. (Prances, Mrs. Mortimer) Woodleighs, &c. (Mortimer) Village comedy, 3 vols. (W. Wilkie) Fallen leaves, 3 vols. One more example may be added to show the necessity for care in recording books which bear on their title-pages well-known names. Sometimes one well-known name is borne by several authors, whose christian names and initials require exceeding circumspection that they be not confused or interchanged. On the left immediately below is an extract from a catalogue of reference, with which there is no fault to be found ; but a learner may write the titles exactly as we see them printed, and the printer, unless he is closely watched, may, for some reason of space, give merely initials, as on the right : — Marryat (Blanche) Briars and thorns. Marryat (B.) Briars and thorns. (Capt.) Masterman Ready. (Capt.) Masterraan Ready. (E.) Long Evenings. (E.) Long evenings. (Florence) Her father's name. (F.) Her father's name. (J.) History of Pottery. , (J.) History of pottery. Captain Marryat's name being Frederick, it is not good to have another " F " without showing that it does not stand for Frederick. The following is therefore the better way to treat the two : — Marryat (Florence). (Fred. Cajpt.). It is sometimes a question whether the writer of a particular book is a man or a woman. My impulse would be, for that and other reasons, always to give one at least of a lady writer's christian names — if she have more than one — in full ; and where the sex is doubtful, to let the christian names be unshorn of their fair proportions. After " Currer, Ellis, and 26 Christian names and prefixes of authors. Acton Bell " it cannot be said of authors' names that the sex " stands confest." Here is a title of a book which may be by a lady, and, farther, the ■whole name may be a pseudonym ; but you must treat the name as if it were a real one, because you do not know to the contrary. Moreover, if we know the name given to be a pseudonym, we can scarcely invade the author's privacy by giving the real one, unless it has been disclosed by the owner of it. Derwent (Leith) Our Lady of tears, a novel, 3 vols. We have two well-known writers at the present day, whose surnames are identical, whose first initial of the christian name is the same, who have both given us books on historical matters, and who have both, I believe, made the history of France their theme. Their names are Yonge ; thfe one. Miss Charlotte M. Yonge, long known in the world of letters as the author of the Keir of JReddyffe ; the other, Mr. Charles Duke Yonge, whose Latin Gradus is a monument* of learning and labour. Is not con- fusion possible if we content ourselves with mere initials here ? Ou the left below is what may be called the common way of giving these author's names, on the right that I would suggest : — Yonge (C. D.) Latin gradus. Yonge (Charles D). (C. M.) Heartsease. — — — (Charlotte M. j Miss). Titles of persons in an alphabet should immediately follow the christian name or its initial letters, and be included within the same parenthesis, thus ;— Bright (J. M.P.) Speeches. Eobertson (F. W. Rev.) Sermons. The title or its initials should be in italic letter, to keep clear of the letters that represent the christian name ; else, what is to tell us that Mr. Bright's initials are not " J. M. P." ? The advantage of giving the title last is that the alphabet of christian names is not disturbed; for, e.g. if we said " Robertson (Eev. F. W .)," a Robertson whose christian name was John might precede F. W. in the alphabet, and so on. But the advantage of the christian name coming before the title is most distinctly seen when an author has written books at various periods of his life, at each of which he has had a different title. Here is a notable instance. On the left is the usual method, or at least how the present Archbishop of Dublin's name might occur in an alphabet of authors which embraced the productions of fifty years. On the right is the suggested way : — Trench (Archbp.) Parables, new ed. 1874. Trench (Frances, Mrs. E.) Education, 1837. (Dean) Miracles, new ed. 1856. (Francis) Sermons at Reading, 1843. (Francis) Sermons at Reading, 1843. (Fred. Sir) Letter to Ld. Duncannon, (Mrs. E.) Education, 1837. 1841. (liev. E. C.) Justin Martyr, &c. 1837. (E. C. Rev.) Justin Martyr, &c. 1837. • (Sir Fred.) Letter to Ld. Duncannon, (E. 0. Dean) Miracles, new ed. 1856. 1841. (E.C.^rcMi3.)Parables,newed.l874. * I have endeavoured to distinguish words used by the authors of the golden age — Catullus, Virgil, Horace, Tibullus, Propertius, Ovid, Grotius, and Albinovanus— from those in use among their predecessors and successors. ... In giving the authorities ... it may be taken for granted, if the authority I cite for a word be other than one of the purest writers, I could not find any instance of its having been used in their works. ... 1 have given most, if not all, of the different senses in which each word occurs in Latin poetry, and have rauged ihe synonymes in order with reference to these. I have endeavoured to iusert no word as a . synonyme which is not really such, and to omit as few as possible. Nor have 1 ever inserted a word as a synonyme for another without showing under the word itself the authority for doing BO. Lastly, I believe that I have not omitted one word used by any poet of the slightest authority whatever between the time of Lucretius and tlie time of Domilian, except ■ proper names. — From the preface to Mr. C. D. Yokge's Geadus ad Paukassum. Christian names and prefixes ; table of bishops. 27 Not merely does the latter method keep us clear of confusion, but an author's position in life is interestingly indicated, without spending much time, when you habituate yourself to it. Only, care must be taken that, in a case like that of Archbishop Trench's name, the successive prefixes "Eev.," "Dean," do not distract us from keeping the books of one author in alphabetical order. The following is a very good instance of a title to which no superficial objection can be made ; it looks right enough : — Bangor (Bp.) Charge, September, 1878. But every bishop is likely to have published something before he protested nolo episcopari, which (book) of course will have been chronicled under his surname, whatever that may be. Some day or other the catalogue containing books of 1878 will (or may) be amalgamated with that which contains the bishop's earlier productions. How are people to know that " Rev. " and " (Bp.) " are the same author, or to bring his various works together in their minds ? The remedy is, to give all bishops' episcopal works like " Browne " in Reference titles, which shows the use of this table; making it your business to ascertain the surname : — (E. W. Cantuar.). (N. Ebor.). (J. London). (J. B. Dunelm.). (E. Harold, Winton.). (J. C. Bangor). (A. 0. Bath and Wells). (Harvey, Carlisle). (W. Cheater). (R. Cicestr.). (J. R. Ely). (F. Exon.). (C. J. Gloucester and Bristol). (J. Hereford). (W. D. Lichfield). (C. Lincoln). (A. LlandaflF). (J. Manchester). (J. T. Norwich). (J. P. Oxon.). (W. C. Peterborough). (R. Eipon). (A. W. Roffen.). (G. Sarum). (T. L. St. Alban's). (J. C. Liverpool). (J. St. Asaph). (W. B. St. David's). (G. H. Truro). (H. Worcester). (R. Sodor and Man), If I were planning a catalogue for reference where each title occupied a line and no more, I should be very much tempted to try the experiment of putting the christian names of the authors before the surnames. This has been done with initials, and I have not liked the effect. But I propose that the surname shall be in stronger type, and a species of column jeserved to the left to accommodate the christian names, thus : — W.Stanley Jevons. Theory of political economy, 2nd ed. 1879. Charles J. Mathews. Life, chiefly autobiographical ; by C. Dickens, 2 vols. Prances Trench {Mrs. Richard) Education. Prancis (Bev.) Mont Blanc. Frederick (Sir) Letter to Lord Dunoaunon, 1841. R. Chenevix {Rev.) Justin Martyr, 1837. (Dean) Notes on the Miracles, new ed. 1856. (Arclibp.) Notes on the Parables, new ed. 1871. Canterbury Benson York Thomson London Jackson Durham Lightfoot Winchester Browne Bangor Campbell Bath and Wells Hervey Carlisle Goodwin Chester Jacobson Chichester Durnford Ely Woodford Exeter Temple Gloucester and Bristol EUicott Hereford Atlay Lichfield Maclagan Lincoln Wordsworth Llandaff OUivant Manchester Eraser Norwich Pelham Oxford Mackarness Peterborough Magee Ripou Bickersteth Eochester Thorold Salisbury Moberly St. Alban's Claughfcon Liverpool Kyle St. Asaph Hughes St. David's Jones Truro Wilkinson Worcester Philpott Sodor and Man Hill 28 Hoio nam.es and words should commence a title. Since writing what immediately precedes, I have observed this idea carried out with regard to articles, prepositions, &c. which occur at the beginning of a title, and which generally have to be got out of the way or omitted. The awkwardness of their presence in the natural order is ingeniously evaded in the catalogue of Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, of Quer- strasse, Leipzig, as seen in the following extract, Nos. 1127 and 1128 : — 1123 Nyrop, C. Bidraff til den danske boghandels historie. 2 Bde. Kjobenh. 1870. gr. 8°. M. Paos., Povtr. u. Holzschn. 18. — ,,Als ManuFcript geclruckt.'* Das beste Werk ill:), d. Geschictite des dan. Buchhandels. 1124 Payen, Vigreux et Prouteaux. La fabrication du papier et du carton. Paris 1873. gr. 8°. Av. 6 pi. (10 fr.) 3. 50 1125 Perthes, CI. Th. Priedr. Perthes' Leben, nach s. schriftl. u. miindl. Mittheilungen. 6. Aufl. 3 Bde. Gotha 1872. 8°. 3. — 1126 Praloran, G. Delle origini e del primato della stampa tipograf. Milano 1868. gr. 8°. M. Pacsim. etc. 172 pag. 2. 25 1127 Ueber Pressfreyheit n. deren Granzen. Ziill. 1787. 8°. Ppbd. 172 pag. 1. — 1128 the Publisher's Circular and general record of British and foreign lite- rature (publ. by S. Low.) July 1876 — Decemb. 1877. Lond. gr. 8°. (12 sh.) 2. — These six titles, comprehending among them five languages, are part of an interesting collection of works on the bookselling trade. The titles are useful as showing the English "second-hand" bookseller how, viz. at 1124 and 1128, "selling" prices are indicated by their Continental brethren without saying ("publ." 12s.). We also see here how much more effective capital letters are when used with temperateness. Parenthetically, I am disposed to ask how many ordinary booksellers' or library assistants will instantly apprehend the boghandels, Bde., M., Holzschn., Av. 6 pi., s. schriftl. u. miindl. , Granzen, of the above extract from Mr. Harrassowitz' catalogue, the very ingenuity of which (or the learning, properly so called) makes it here and thei'e puzzling? For, in a purely German catalogue, m. or M. means generally mil = with, or M. = Mark. But here the books are described in the language of the countries they come from. " M.," therefore, in speaking of an Italian book, cannot be mit, but is probably molte ; molte facsimili, for example, as above. In , Holland, not merely deliberate catalogues, but even auctioneers' lists will describe articles in the language of each book. How would an English library assistant or bookseller's shopman like to have to do that ? The vocabulary at the end of this book is an attempt towards explaining some of these varied terms. Mr. Steiger, the eminent bookseller of New York, who is one of the most energetic cataloguers of the day, has also used the plan of letting names come in their natural order in a title. In his catalogues the proper names are so treated, while in Mr. Harrassowitz' it is the names of hools when they are not preceded by an author's name. Here is a sample from Mr. Steiger's catalogue : — 4 A CATALOGUE OP AMBEICAN BOOKS. Dan: Q-ardnert. Institutes of International Law, Fublic and Private, as settled hy the Supreme Court of the United States, and by our Hepublic, iciih reference to Judicial Decisions. 8. 717 pp. '601 li*^ ^^^ $6.60. Baker Q: A: Gillmore. Coignet B4ton and other Artificial stone. 8. 107 pp. 9 pis. '71 1 cl. $2.60. Van Nostrcnid Parke Godwin. The Cyclofcedia of liiograjihy : a Hecord of the Lives of Eminent Persons, cr. 8. 979 pp. '72[ ed '73. ol. ?j.60.— % c£. S-.OO, Putnam C. Gcepp. Leitfaden der parlameniarischen Ge^icltdfts- Ordnung filr JJeutsch-Amerikaner. 6-1. 86 pp. '71| bds. ;0.26,— pnp., gt. e. $0.30, Steiger I: I: Sayes. An Arctic Boat Journey in tJie Autumn of ISoi. 12. 412 pp. Mills. '67|4th. cl. $2.60. Osgood -The Open Polar Sea. A Narrative of a Voyage of Discovert/ towards the North Pole, in the Schooner " United States". 8. 478 pp. . illd. '66|3rd. cl. $2.60.—% c£. $9.00. /furd Willis P: Hazard. The Jersey, Alderney, and Guernsey Cow : Their History, Nature and Manage- ment, showing how to choose a good cow, how to feed, to manage, to milk, and to breed; to the most pro/if , roy. 12. 142 pp soils. '72| cl. $1.60. Porter- P: P: Heard. - See Horatio H: Storer and Initials of latinised names ; cataloguing classics. 29 This method has the effect of disturbing the eye which is accustomed to the ordinary arrangement; and it put into my head to see if the thing could not be done without such disturbance. The example at page 27 is the result. A little confusion as to initials is sometimes occasioned when an English author writes a book on whose title-page his name appears in Latin. Thus, Dr. J. W. Donaldson has written several famous books on the study of language, in which his name appears as J. W. Donaldson. But he has also edited a book in which his name appears as J. G. Donaldson, because the title-page is written in Latin; Johannes Gulielmus being Latin for John William. My suggestion to a young cataloguer would be to leave out the initials in cataloguing an English-printed Latin book, because there will be plenty of people to whom Latin is not so familiar that they e.g. instantly recognise the initials J. G-. as meaning the same as J. W. ; besides, if J. G. gets into the same alphabet with J. W. the matter is complicated, while a name without initials is harmless, com- paratively. French initials require the same description of watching, for the celebrated name "August Wilhelm v. Schlegel" becomes "A. G. de Schlegel ;" Guillaume being French for William. Classics. Never let any alteration or inflection of the name of a classical author commence your title. If on the editor's title-page of an edition of Cicero yOu get Cicero's or Giceronis, put before them " Cicero " with a full stop after it, to show that the first word is not part of the actual title-page, thus : — Cicero, Cioeronis Opera. Cicero. Cicero's letters. In this way you avoid the barbarous jumble that ensues from beginning with — Cicero, Ciceronis, Cicero's, one after another, for one author's works, perhaps all in the original, notwithstanding the English turn of the title — more Britannico. Of course, as elsewhere suggested, if the titles are comprised each in one line you get rid, in alphabet, of succeeding " Cicero " " Cicero," by successive after the first title. The following is a good example of the evil which comes of using the genitive instead of the nominative case of an author's name, J. Polhicis Hiatoria is an entry which I came upon the other day in the course of business. If the printer's reader had had any feeling for Latin, he would have per- ceived that — J. Pollucis Historia was what was intended. But I think that — Pollnx (Julius) Historia is a more useful and practical way of showing that a history, in Latin, by Julius Pollux, is the thing to be understood. It is not to be expected that every one who handles a catalogue shall know Pollucis to be an inflection of Pollux. If I were cataloguing an isolated copy of Terence in Latin— say, for sale — I should be apt to give it as underneath : — Terentins, Comoediae, whether the title-page said "Terentii" or "Terence's"; taking care to [Continued at page 32. 30 Glassies, Greek names, French names and description. AlXiavus (^lian) Ai(T)(ivr]s AlcrxvXos 'AvaKpeav ' A7roh\a)vios 'PoSios 'Awwmvos (Appian; 'Api(TTO(f>nvj]s ' Apia-ToTfXris (Aristotle) 'Appiavos (Arrian) "Bafipios, Ba^pias AefioirSrjvrjs AtoSapos, &C. AioyevTjs 6 AaepTtos HpcoSiavos 'HpddoTos 'H(TLo8os 'Ofiripos 'icroKpa-^ris AovKtavos Avaias Jlav(Taviai nii/Sapos (Pindar) UXaTiov nXovTapxas HoXv^ws nroXe/iaioy KXav8ios KvluTos S/iupxaioy 2o0okX^s Srpa^av GfOltpiTOS 0(6^ (F. S.). Willoughby (P. S.)-The Real Question of S^,^^'^'?^!^') S^^'^f^i?' P'^f ><'^' "=£; ^7' ^f ^ the Dayi-Patent Laws, Bnglandt;. America: Willoughby (F. S.) Patent laws England v. an Appeal to the Working CI asses of Great America the real question of the day, an Britaii. 12mo. 1881 appeal to the working classes of Great Britain, 12mo. Stoclcport, 1881 As against one entry each on the left hand, on the right Mrs. Hughes' book is presented under four different aspects — " Underhiir' and " Wil- loughby " each twice — within the same space ; and the eye is relieved by a slight contrast of type. One of the most eminent publishers said to me, one day, apropos of this my essay : "You must give the exact title of a book; you must not add or take away anything, because that would be setting up your judgment against the author and the publisher of a book;" which sounds very well. My interlocutor was doubtless thinking of severe cataloguing, as in a bibliographical work. But I am pleading, not judging, in favour of practical handiness v. starch; and I believe the correct way of stating the case as between the authors of books (those who increase the number of them) and the chronicler of their multiplication, to be, that author and publisher are the best judges of a title-page, that being their trade, but as to a title for reference^ perhaps the cataloguer may know best, that being his trade. The writer speaks feelingly in this matter, because he has handled the outsides of books nearly as long as he can remember ; and in his later days, somewhat to his astonishment, has found himself among the auctores of the printed incubus. In this latter capacity, with an amazing readiness of adaptation, he made his- title-page too long. Of course it had to be curtailed, and yet from the point of view of a cataloguer it is unmanageable, while the author cannot spare a word. After the book was printed and launched on the world, a genius, with the malapropos of his race, said, — Your title, ''A continental tour of eight days for forty-four shillings," is a great deal too long. JouENEY-MAN. Give US a better one. Genius (instantly). " A tour for two pun' four" ! With regard to not adding words to a title, the following, from a publisher's list, is a useful example : — FLORILEGIUM AMANTIS. A Selection from Coventry Patmore's Poems. Edited by R. Gaknett. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. E 50 Index entries ; indexing hooks, a few suggestions. On the title-page of the book you find merely the words — Coventry Patmore, Florilegium Amantis, edited by Bichard Garnett. The publisher himself has found it necessary to double the number of words. For how, otherwise, is any one at a distance from the book to learn that Florilegium amantis means a collection of amatory pieces from already published works of Mr. Coventry Patmore ? So, of course, a man of sense supplies the deficiency, when making a catalogue. Still, when I added words to a title I would always give them within paren- theses, or else in the form of a note. Index entries. Eemarks on various ways in which the index to titles in a catalogue may be made more efficient, with examples, will be found under the heading Reference titles. Indexing books. I have never broken stones by the roadside, nor elsewhere, but I have an idea that the nearest thing to it is the making an index for a book whose subject has no interest for you. On the other hand, if the book is one which you desire to master, I should say that there is no better way than to make an index for it. It is conceivable, for example, that a man might like to read Dante in the original tongue, without any great probability of his being able to do so, merely because he did not know Italian enough ; for I believe that Dante, like Kant with regard to German, may be said to dwell in an atmosphere of his own. But if an occasional half-hour could be filched from any other employment, I can imagine no finer exercise for the would-be reader of the Divine Comedy, than to make a verbal index of the Italian, without using a dictionary or any other bookish aid. My persuasion is, that light would gradually come, and that meanings would, "little by little,'' show them- selves J much as objects are, after a while, discerned in the cabin of a vessel when you go down from the brightness of the deck. If a person, unacquainted with Italian, were to " turn to and tackle " a book in the true British way, with a dictionary, and possibly a grammar, he would, I think, find himself thrown back and discouraged by not finding the explanation of many a word, because inflections of them are what he would come upon in the author's page. But if he went on copy- ing, in a Brutish way, tenses and turns of phrase would gradually become intelligible — Labor omnia vinoit improbus. Ungenteel toil surmounts (or gets round) all obstacles. You may, however, get to like a book by mere force of having to index it ; to take a pleasure in meeting the uncouthest words, because you have met them before ; to rejoice in long and difficult scientific names, just as a gymnast will go through seemingly impossible contortions, as if only because they would be too much for people in general. The writer has found himself in this manner grow to the savage names of Central African people and places, and to the scientific nomenclature of tropical fauna. Our countrymen who were captives in Abyssinia got to like their chains at last so well, that when the chains were taken off they were missed as an old friend is missed. In indexing a book of travel in a comparatively unknown country, or of exploration in any country, it is important to give the names of specimens collected, of unusual or characteristic things seen, and so forth. The names of places visited, too, should be carefully noted. Sometimes, of course, as in Central Africa, a place where the traveller stays is a mere farm. A farm is worth mentioning when it is remote from other farms, Indexing hooks, a few suggestions. 51 but only when it is so. A ship's log carefully records the names of vessels met in the open sea, in blue water ; but on approaching land, in coming up the Channel, for example, so many vessels are seen that you cease to take account of them. So, probably, should an indexer do with small places which are spoken of in a book of travel. A beginner will very likely be told to put in his index all important subjects touched upon, and, besides names of places, the names of objects of natural history and of all phenomena of nature, whether in geology, meteorology, or climatology. But suppose the explorer records that he went out six days running, in search of cockatoos, on only one of which he was successful; will you six times enter "cockatoos^'? Or, suppose the traveller watched six nights in succession for the planet Mars, without seeing it at all, you can scarcely give entries in your index under the head of Mars, because that would be only tantalising a man who came for information ; though you might index " astronomical observations," as showing that star-gazing even in such a bright latitude was some- times fruitless. As a rule, note only cases of finding — "no catchee, no havee " — as a dark oracle has said. Imagine yourself a clerk in a house of business, sent after an account. You go six times before you get it. You may tell your employer of these visits, by way of accounting for your time, but you don't book Mr. until you have made him bleed, however many times you have to run after him. Here is a " dodge " which came to me during the indexing of a book. We will say that at page 370 of volume i. bananas are mentioned as being met with. In the index you write as on the left, and if bananas present themselves at page 370 of vol. ii. your slip bears as on the right : — Ban-inas, i, 370. Bananas, 370. For when you enter upon the second volume, after making, perhaps, a couple of thousand entries marked i., you will be very likely to make the mistake of writing here and there i. instead of ii. You may prevent this by writing neither i. nor ii. for the second volume, and noting on the uppermost slip which reaches the printer's hand, "The index entries which have no Roman numerals are to be set as if they all contained a reference to vol. ii." To leave out the figure is more likely to be remembered in a mechanical piece of work than the change from i. to ii., and you will save yourself the writing a Eoman numeral 2000 times, perhaps. Only you must agree with the printer " whiles you are in the way with him." Some one will very likely pick me up here, and say, " I don't see why you should not treat every volume of a book as you are proposing for your second volume. Why not note merely the page in your index entry, and when the index of that volume is completed, mark on the bundle the number of the volume ? " That would not be safe, because if any of the manuscript got astray, you could not tell which volume it belonged to. Besides, you will find that the index to a book, however many volumes there may be of it, is generally one thing. As a consequence the index-slips of the several volumes will become intermingled as soon as you have done your work on each of them, in the process of making one alphabet of the whole manu- script. So that where the work extends to more than two volumes, each index-slip must bear the figure of the volume it belongs to. In my case there were only two varieties, the one marked vol. i., the other not marked vol. i., and therefore known to be vol. ii. While indexing books, I have been most afraid of going on writing the number of one page after I have transferred myself to the next. I E 2 52 Index and titles in. one alphabet. do not know whether other people are similarly troubled, but it may do no harm to show how I have made one particular kind of error nearly impossible. The plan is, to lay down the slips which refer to one page in a perpendicular line. It may be reckoned, I think, that the average of index entries which refer to one page will not exceed six. The slips will lie on the table somewhat thus : — I. 369 I. 369 I. 369 I. 369 I. 370 I. 370 I. 370 I. 370 I 371 I. 371 I. 371 I. 371 1.372 1.372 1.372 1.372 If the entries of (say) four pages are laid down one after the other, and then taken up, they will have had time to dry ; and in the act of gather- ing each page's entries an error will be instantly detected; and, allowing, the slips to dry thus you get superior distinctness, besides that the operation of blotting each is got rid of. It may be observed that the slips are of different shape to those of page 4. That is one way of indicating the kind of work slips belong to without the necessity of looking at them. Where it is, for any reason, convenient to have the slips for two kinds of work of the same size, I would make confusion impossible by letting necessary marks on one of the two kinds be in red ink. An index of snbjects to the catalogne, to proceed pari pasm with the alphabetical titles of the latter, would have donhled the value of the catalogue ; but thirty years have passed and the catalogue is still destitute of this inestimable auxiliary. The suggestion may still be carried into effect at any moment, as regards accessions for the future j but the lost ground will be regained with difficulty. — Mb. Fasak's Liuh op Panizzi. Index and titles in one alphabet. The above extract makes a very good text for this division of our subject. By pari passu I suppose Mr. Fagan to mean that when the titles are written from the title-pages of the books at the British Museum, the opportunity may be taken to write also such index entries as are thought necessary. What is to be done with them is not suggested. In this volume, in the right hand column of Reference examples, index entries corresponding to the titles are printed pari passu. As to retrospective indexing, that is a matter of so many clerks drilled and superintended. This plan of having your index and titles in one alphabet, if carried out, beyond the indisputable advantage of the seeker not having to go from one place to another, effects a considerable saving in room. For example, " Kingsley's Letters," &c., under Reference titles, has no secondary entry. That would be mere repetition. Italian names of persons ; Italian title-pages. 63 Italian names. In printing tte names of persons, the Italians very frequently, but not always, let tlie christian name come after the surname, as in the example on the left hand immediately below, which is taken from a catalogue of the latter half of 1882. Our illustration is a parti- cularly happy one, because on the right hand we have the same author's surname presented to us in the manner we are accustomed to at home, i.e. after the christian name : — LIBRI DliiENTE PUBBLICA2I01 MANZONI GIACOMO STUDII DI BIBLIOGRAFIA ANALITICA Vol. 1 con dieci tavole DELLE DOIE FAMOSE EDIZIONE TBEZA CUKATA DA GIACOMO MANZONI Pas. 2, ed ultimo Italian title-pages. Among the pitfalls which a young bibliographer has to look out for and avoid, are Italian title-pages which contain an ascrip- tion or dedication to some great man (or person the author wishes to please) whose name is the most prominent thing. Those who do not read Italian not unnaturally take the name in large print to be that of the author. Here is an example : — LA VANA SPECVLAZIONE. DISINOANNATA DAL SENSO DA AGOSTINO SCILLA PITTORE. DEDICATA ALL' ILLUSTKISSIMO SIGNORE IL SIQNOR D. CARLO GEEGOEI. Marchese di Poggio Ghegori, Cavaliere delta Stella. IN NAPOLI : 64 Key to school books, how to note ; hnowledge of languages. With this hint the young cataloguer easily perceives that the fourth line of the title gives the author's name. So he " sits down quickly " and writes : — Pittore (A. S.) La vana speovlazione, NapoU, 1670, for the vocabulary at the end of this book has told him that " da " means " by." Only^ the word " pittore " is Italian for " painter." So that the title has to be — Soilla (Agostino; pittore) Vana specylazione, &o. Key. In a reference catalogue, where each title takes a line, when you give a school book that has a separate key, do not make two entries for the two books, but let them appear somewhat thus : — Otto (E.) German conversation-grammar {Key, 2s.) or. 8vo, boards, 5s. 6d. Another piece of suggestion may be edged in here. There is also a German grammar of Otto's for Frenchmen. In a business-like title you write simply : — Otto (E.) Grammaire allemande. Or, if it is a French grammar for the instruction of Germans, the following sufficiently indicates what it is : — Otto (E.) Franzosisohe Conversations-Grammatik. This idea will be seen followed out with regard to dictionaries at page 46, the language of the title suggesting one of the two languages of the book, Language. Some knowledge of each language in which books are likely to be encountered can hardly be dispensed with by one who would do satisfactory work in cataloguing. A young man is not very likely of malice aforethought to devote himself to the craft of recording books, or I would say to him, "Pass a year in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain (alphabetical order), each of them, in order to get the turn of phrase employed by each nation. Taking things as we find them, let a young man, if out of a situation, buy five hundredweight of any hooks in Latin, French, German, &c., which, if they are rubbish, he can probably get for less than 40s., and sell again some day at little (less or) loss. Let him pass a few of the weary hours of waiting till " something turns up " in copying the titles of these books. At first let him merely copy — without giving any thought, properly so called, to the matter — the titles of each volume ; there will be probably some 500 of them. When he has done that, let the vacuous youth go through the books again, and endeavour to make a practical title, such as a keen bookseller or librarian would be S9,tisfied with. Then, if still idle, let our young man write a title in English of each of the books, first a full, and then a practical one. By the time the titles have thus been gone over four times, a considerable knowledge of the turn of phrase in the language, whatever it may be, will have been acquired, unless our amateur cataloguer be a very inappre- hensive young fellow. This feeling of a language, as I am inclined to call it, is precious beyond computation, because you cannot claim to " know " the language until you have it. It becomes a kind of instinct by which you perceive, for example, whether something that is written or printed as part of your work is correctly given or no. Never catalogue a book in such a way that the inquirer, when he comes to your entry, is in doubt as to the language of the work. This is one Titles in various languages, a hint or two. 65 of the incredible things until it is seen. The reader is invited to examine Nos. I], 40, 126, &c. of the examples under Reference titles, in order to be convinced that continually are books sent forth with title-pages which, if faithfully copied, either do not tell, or mislead the inquirer as to, the language they are printed in. Surely there is something absurd in the same Latin book appearing in a catalogue under two different names, one English, the other Latin, according to the caprice of the editor, as — Csesar de bello Gallioo ( ) . Gallic war. Nothing is more tiresome to the conscientious labourer who is trying to get titles into alphabetical order, than the different ways and even different languages in which the title-page of one book may be worded. If it is, for example, a translation of Cicero's book De Senectute, you may have before you — Cicero, Cato Major, translated, De Senectute, translated, Old age, translated, Treatise on old age, translated, — to say nothing of " Cicero's " Treatise, or " Ciceronis " De, &c. These names of one book, beginning respectively with C, D, 0, and T, will, if there are other works of Cicero in your collection of titles, get divided in the mechanical process of sorting, or else your alphabet will be made unsightly by keeping your matter right at the expense of manner. I would suggest the following way out of the diflBculty. Let each title commence with " Old age," . seeing that we are dealing with a work in English instead of Latin — putting the words which are added between parentheses. You haye then — Cicero (Old age) De Senectute, translated. (Old age) Cato Maijor, translated. Old age, translated. Old age, treatise on, translated. In actual practice these will be distinguished one from another by the names of the translators, which will also govern the order of precedence, 1 suppose. Moreover, the above arrangement tacitly points out to those who may not know it that Cicero's essay called De Senectute is the same as his Cato Major. It may be useful, perhaps, to add that the Laelius and the De Amicitid of Cicero are one book. And it may assist in recol- lecting " which is which," that major is part of the Latin name for the treatise on " Old age ;" for confusion is very easy. See also Translations. If, elsewhere among the titles of translations of (say) Cicero you have but one title (one copy represented), as, for example — Cicero, Dmmatio, translated, I would still let an English word head the title, as — Cicero (Divination) Divinatio, translated, so that the body of titles which record translations into English may present an alphabet of English words — not a jumble of Latin and English — to start with. The title which follows on the left is a droll instance of British antipathy to taking a title as it is found in a book, and letting it tell its own story. I get this example from the catalogue of one of our smartest men of 56 Language ; various kinds of library catalogues. business, a " coming- man." That on the right hand seems the more obvious way of " putting things :" — SULLY (Duke) Memoirs, portrait, 10 vols. Sully (Duo de) Memoires, 10 vols. 12mo, i2mo, calf gilt, FINE copy, 10s. 6(J. (m calf gilt, 10s. 6(J. Paris, 1778 French) 1778 It can hardly be necessary to enlarge upon the beauties of a calf copy at a shilling a volume. Wasting eulogy on known books which are cheap enough to achieve their own sale is one of the ways in which catalogues are made to cost more m.oney than they need do. With Latin books for schoolboys it is very rare to find the title-page so phrased that, away from the book, you can be sure they are in Latin. Here are two honourable exceptions : — Cicero, De oratore libri tres ; a A. J. Wilkina. Luciani Vera historia ; a C. S. Jerram. The titles, here curtly given, show that the language can be indicated. In illustration of the handiness of some knowledge of Latin to the cataloguer, I transcribe what is found outside of one of the " Teubner Classics," as they are familiarly known in England. When a book is in paper, that is, sewed, as most foreign books are,-the title printed outside is generally identical with the inner one. At all events it is taken to be so. Ciceronis Opera, No. 9a. Bibliotheoa scrip- Cicero, in Terrem, ii. lib. 1-3 ; Klotz, 12mo torum Graecorum et Eomanorum Teub- Teubner, 1877 ■neriana. M. Tullii Ciceronia actionis in C. Terrem secundae sive aocusationis, libri i.-iii. reoognovic Eeinholdus Klotz, Lipsiae in Eedibus B. G. Teubneri. MDCCOLXXVII. This book is sufficiently catalogued as on the right hand. Any German or foreign bookseller would know what was meant, and be thankful that verbiage was spared him. A Library without a catalogue is like a country without a map, a bank without its books, a ship without a compass, .a manor without its rolls, an apothecary's store in which neither jars, bottles, nor drawers are labelled, a chart without soundings, a series of precedents without a digest, or— to borrow the metaphor of Master Jakoius de Beagmahdo— "a cathedral without bells, a donkey -Kithout a saddle, and a blind man without a staff." Stakdaed, April IBth, 1879. Library catalogues. Four different styles of titles for a library catalogue are here illustrated. The last and more important kind is that which is intended for consultation by students of every degree ; frequently, perhaps, where immediate access to the books themselves is impossible. These titles need, therefore, the greater care. The cataloguer has to bear in mind that the catalogue of a very large collection is apt to be a big book itself. He has, accordingly, to be as concise as he can, with a view of keeping the size down ; or if the size be conceded, to see that the best use is made of the space at command. See pages 58, 60, 61, &c. An ordinary circulating library, or the circulating department (as opposed to the " reference ") of a free library, must have a rough and ready catalogue, suited to the rough and ready demands of its clientele ; in one alphabet, without an index. An index would be only an embarrass- ment in such a catalogue. Instead of indexing, works must be entered occasionally two or three times each, under the name by which they are most likely to be asked for. " Kingsley's Yeast," for instance, will come twice, under K and under Y — Kingsley (Charles) Yeast. Yeast, by Charles KingsJey. Various Jdnds of library catalogues. 57 Mr. Macgregor's " Rob Roy ou the Jordan " three times, perhaps four, and so on : — Jordan. Maogregor(J.)RobRoyoutlieJordan. Palestine. Macgregor, Rob Roy on tlie Jordan. Maogregor (J.) Rob Roy on the Jordan. Rob Roy on the Jordan ; by J. Macgregor. A royal octavo page printed in the type of these examples will hold 160 entries ; a volume of 100 pages, therefore, would give you 16,000 entries of one line each, representing, perhaps, 7000 books. The writer can, from his own experience as a reader — before he knew that there were such things as printed catalogues — show the object of, or the necessity for, this kind of iteration. When very young he read the " Heiress of Bruges" with a great deal of pleasure, and the name of the hero, Lambert Boonen, will be remembered as long as he lives. But of the name of the author he took no sort of notice, and he would not know it now, probably, but that his business happens to be that of recording author's names. So that the " Heiress of Bruges" would have been inquired for by the writer at any library under the book's name merely, and not as Grant's "Heiress of Bruges.'" The inference is, that for people in general, and more especially for the kind of public which goes to a free library for its books, the catalogue must be made so that books can be found in it by people who do not know and do not care who is the author of them. Midway between the rough and ready order of catalogue just considered, and the high bibliographical, or catalogue of a library of official position, lie two intermediate stages, where we will pause for a few minutes. These are the catalogues of circulating libraries of the higher stamp — frequented by the more fortunate section of society — which include the names of all the best and newest books in recent literature, and the catalogues of what are called "learned bodies," whose collections are the resort of the studious. A third stage is considered under Reference titles. On the lower half of the next page are given as many titles as it will hold, culled from three pages of the catalogue of a rather ambitious London library. Alongside of them I have printed the same titles as they might have appeared, in order to show, by a specimen, how the space allotted for the catalogue could have been made more useful. On the left, the uselessness or absurdity of saying " 1 vol." in every entry of a book which is not in several volumes, is strikingly seen. On the right, a habit of conciseness and directness enables us to give the titles of the left-hand column supplemented by fourteen entries beginning with the subject or central word of the name of almost every book which can advantageously be presented a second time. Thus, there may be many readers who would like to see a volume relating to the Prince Imperial, who do not recollect that one has been written by an author of the name of Barlee. For such, a catalogue on the plan of the left-hand examples is useless. On the right hand this and similar cases are provided for, while neatness of appearance is not less consulted. It may be worth while to say that the Geographical Society's catalogue has not been selected for remark. Some years ago the writer bought the volume at a bookstall for 6d., without the smallest intention of being critical. But when he came to write about library catalogues, he looked at that of the Royal Geographical Society, the only example of a learned body's catalogue he had met with, to see how they dealt with their books. See pages 59, 60, 61 . It makes little difference if there is an index volume, because ihq consulter of one book may be miles away from the other. 58 Example of a circulating library catalogue. « . .s - a .fJiii II ill II iSiiil^i :i. ^ "S^ fe a a ^ ■« L^ ~— -i3 3 -2 I^J ^~' £'5t3o >Hr-;o fl H ixiPHWMMizipHPHPH ^ PI -2 3 2 S g -2 -g a ^ S I -I I f§l : -1-"^ I 'S, 1 5 I 'B g J- TT 'O 1^ .&" O X3 C^ ^ L^^t^ 3 '5 fl^ 3- -"^ ^ m .Jd