CORNELL.^ UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library E 99.08D54 History of the Osage nation: I 3 1924 028 666 299 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028666299 8- 14-1 M,„ i '1 . V<^., INTRODUCTION. As all wish to know something of those with whom they have any dealings It will not be egotistical first to give a brief sketch of the writer and his pur- pose. A native of the "Old Dominion," Virginia, he spent part of his boy- hood on the farm, and in the public schools there, then traveled extensively before entering upon a higher course of study which he took in some of the best literary institutions in the "North" and "East" for over twelve years. Graduating from Keystone University and Bucknell University, (Pa.) and taking special studies in philosophy and four languages in Richmond College (Va.) one year, he pursued higher studies in languages, sociology, poetics and pedegogy for three years in the University of Chicago, receiving the B. A. and M. A. degrees in the coures of study, since which years he has traveled much, preached as an evangelist, taught, lectured, wrote, read broadly in law, which he has practiced some, but all the time with the pur- pose, sooner or later, to establish a well located Industrial, Literary, and Scientific college, largely benevolent in work and aim. Perhaps the first thought of the reader who scans this T)ook will be that it is an "ad." of the country. In one sense it does adertise, but in a much broader sense, it can be as literary, historical and true as any other history. The writer's purpose is to give in a literary brief, in plain style, the true facts of the resources and opportunities of the Osage, in book form so that all may have a brief history of all that interests any class of pep pie, and worth home. In this hus- all things from the ■ philosophic grades from the humble Avenue Palacet school and county temple, must be people if we aspire ondary purpose is atlon of the college planned through study and hopes pie or benevolently who will aid in be- tlon of self help er boys and girls p'ortunity to ac- with a thorough would be a great ritory to begin an might soon pe self gi owing through could more inter- mercially, and re- unsectarian school on the broader practical principles both Indians and Among the many every bit of infor- territpry, just un- world, some are PUHilP DICKERSON, M. A. Autlior^^^d Publisher. keeping In the tling stage of life, kindergarten to the of university lore, cot to the Fifth from the district church, to the city kept berore tkie to success. His see- to lay the found- whlch has been twenty years of soon to find a peo- inclined Individual ginning an institut- for the many poor- who desire an op- qulre a practical literary course. It benefit to the ter- institution that supporting and ah time. Nothing est, socially, com- ligiously than an rightly conducted methods and more of education for whites. anxious to get at mation from the fouldlng to the interested in the condition of the churches and schools, where they may make homes, others seeking health in the climate, some in making city homes, wish to know of the town and beauty of location, society, commercial progress, people and the. value of property. And the majority, looking for country homes, are most interested in the soil, climate, rainfall, temperature, and products of the soil. To. all these classes this book comes as a true history and descriptive greeting. Being written by a neutral observer, you may know its contents are true to the best of his knowledge. It does not illustrate or name all of the best of the Osage country and people, which would make a ten fold volume could the writer have taken time to travel it all over, but sufficient to show how well prepared the last reservation in Oklahoma is for statehood and the Osage for allotment and countyhood. Hoping this volume will accomplish its purpose, in its educational, ethical and commercial infiuence for the good of all, for all time and with much gratitude to those interested in and supporting this and all higher grades of publications, the Author Is at_ All copyrights reserved. 1 Tour Further Service. -y- (Fhoto by Hargls) ElABIiT HISTORY OF OSAGE — THE CIGEHA. From tribal traditions, according to Dorsey, the ancestors of the Omaha, Ponka, Kwapa, Kansa, and Osage were at first one family dwelling on the Ohio and Wabash rivers, but gradually wandered westward. They first sep"- arated at the mouth of the Ohio river. Those going down the Mississippi became the Kwapa, or down-stream people, those ascending the Mississippi, the Omaha or Nomaha, up-stream people. This separation occurring before De Sota's discovery of the Mississippi must have been in the 15th century. The Omahas, including the Osage, Ponka and Kansa group, ascended as far as the Missouri river where after a time the Omahas ascended the Missouri, leaving behind successively the Osage and Kansa families in the present ter- ritory of Missouri and Kansas, where the Omahas settled between the Platts and Niobrara, south of the Missouri, and the Ponkas continued into the BlacK Hills country where Lewis and Clark found them late in the 18th century reduced by smallpox from 3,500 to 300. The Osage and Kansa ancestors seemed to have separated from the main Omaha group at the mouth of what was known as "White Creek," Grand Tuc (Grandes Eaux, according to Mooney) or Great Osage, which name it after- wards bore instead of referring to the Mississippi, as some claim. In 1673 Marquette refers to them as the "Ouchage" and "Autrechaha." In 1791 Penl- caut designates them "Huzzau," "Ous," and "Wawha." According to Croghan they were found on the Osage river in 1759 but in wending their way westward late in that century they encountered the Comanches and other Shoshonean peoples and turned southward toward the Arkansas river, and held the country between that stream aigd the Missouri till the immigration of the Cherokees westwward. They lived mainly along the Arkansas and Osage rivers early in the last century. In 1829 Procter es- timated their number at 5,000. Schoolcraft in April 1853 reckoned them at 3,758 after the removal of Black Dog's band to a new location lower down the Verdigris. In 1860 they composed seven large villages besides many smaller ones along Neosho and Verdigras rivers. In. 1904 the full bloods numbered 808. Early in the 18th century the Missouri (Ouemessourit) Indians being greatly reduced by the Sac and Fox wars, dispersed, and five or six lodges joined the Osages, three the Kansa and the rest amalgamated with the Oto and are now mixed with the blood of these p'eople. It is said by an old Osage that the name Kah-sah, Kansai or Kaw, was a term of ridicule given by the Osages to the Kaw band because they would not help the Osage in war against their common enemy, the Cherokee and other tribes, the term in Osage meaning coward. Mr. Wisemeyer, one of the Grey Horse merchants for years and now at Fairfax, and many years among the Ouages, in speaking with the Omaha and Sioux Indians, found that they could speak the Osage language, all using the same dialect, showing that they belonged to the same or closely allied tribes. Rev. J. Owen Dorsey, an Episcopalian, who was connected with the Bureau of Ethnology at the Smithsonian institute at Washington, D. C, wrote an alphabet of the Sioux band, and discovered on meeting the Osage, Kaw and allied tribes, that it was applicable to these whose dialect he could speak fluently on first meeting them. The Osage never had a written language, completed. A priest of Neo- sho, Kansas, once wrote a dictionary of the language, but died before it was printed and somehow got destroyed before publication. Elex Tall Chief a highly educated young Osage, of the Tall Chief family near Fairfax, is said to be now compiling an Osage dictionary, but the writer has not yet gotten any part of it, nor met this lexicographer. Nor does he consider it of suf- ficient import-ance to publish one now, as it will be only a generation till all Osages will know English, the universal language of the future. There is sxich a thing as dialectic economy of time and energy in educating the world as in other things. The first record of the Osage yet found is a silver medal dated 1800 with Thomas Jefferson engraved on one side and two claspeh hands on the other over the word "Friendship," perhaps given to them by Uncle Sam to re- mind them of his desire. We find but little record of these peopile till the treaty of 1804 at St Louis as the colonies had not needed to that time the trans- Mississippi lands. Here we find the French traders and explorers first marrying into the Osage i Tribes. Choteau, after whom Choteau Avenue Is named, was a part blood Osage. They once held the whole territory which later formed the states o* Missouri, Arkansas and Kansas. By treaty and the press of white immigra- tion, they retired alongi the Missouri river to the present site of Kansas City, ' Mo., where they established trading posts. The Osages and allied French were thus the first settlers of St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo., where they still have not a few distant relatives. What marevlous developments have followed in their former path; not more so however than will still come Jn their present country in two decades. In the West Bottoms of Kansas City, and on the banks of Turkey Creek, near its mouth lived a woman, the material ancestor of many of the mixed blood Osages, whose leading families are nearly all related by consanguinity or mar- riage, the wife of a "Canadian French-Alsatian" trapper, trader and inter- preter, who died about the '50s, Monsieur Lessart. His wife lived here till Saucy Chief visited there in the 'BOs. Many of her descendants took up again her maiden name of Roy, of whom more elsewhere In a sketch of the Lessart family. Here lived the Choteaus from St. Louis, Revars (Re- vards from New Orleans,) Clairmot-Lessarts from Canada or Alsatla, Plom- ondons, (Prudhommes.) Del Oriers, Pappans, Pappins, Perriers, Tayrians, Reveletts, Mongrains, Soldanis, DeNoyas, Mon Cravies, etc., etc. The French mostly formed marriage alliances with the Osage, Quapaws, Wyandottes, and Kansas (Kaws.) But as the colonies stretched their bounds westward from the Mississippi, the Osage and their foreign allies receded west and south. They had another trading post some miles west of Missouri's present line, in the county of Linn. Their first school was esttablished in Neosho county, Kansas, by Father Shoemaker, about 1836, now known as St. Paul Misison. They have always been allied with some of the best whites in their territory, but scorning any alliance with the African race except in one case of adoption, one by Prince Albert, (Osage.) Hence they might be termed the royal tribe of American aborigines. In the summer of 1868 after many peaceable retreats to different points in their successively" limited reservations, they ceded by treaty at Drum Creek in present Montgomery county, all eastern Kansas, retaining some lands In west Kansas. For 100 years or more these people have been in close relation with the whites and have shown great shrewdness in Hiaking their treaties. Their traditions claim that the first two white men they ever saw came across a great stream (Grandes Baux) in a boat, were captured, a council held and the two whites released on condition that they recross the water and never return. Another says that the Osage first met the explorers of America upon the Gulf coast (or Atlantic) as they refer to the great water (the ocean perhaps,) then shoved their way up the Mississippi to the site of Napoleon, at Arkansas river mouth, there separated into the Great and Little Bone bands, and the Kaws and Poncas, the former taking up said river, the latter toward the headwaters of the Missouri and Kaw which retained the latter's name. But this is variance in vague history and given only to show the un- certainty of Individual tradition. The great waters might have been the Pacific, or Great Lakes, or Ohio, or Mississippi rivers, as all the aborigines first emigrated from the northwest coast. The Dakota confederates, like the WIchitas, were a large tribe of Indians that were supposed to have migrated south from the far northern regions, from which direction ethnologists claim or believe, all the aboriiglnes of America came. From north Asia the human race may have first found its way across the narrows of the B'ehring Sea, into what is now known as Alaska. All the historic legends of the various tribes seem to bear out this theory, and the bronze color and characteristics, of the Indians are circumstancial evidence that these people were branches or offspring of the Asiatic races. The tradition of the ofder ones of a battle against whites led by a general on a white horse signifies that their ancestors may have participated In j a fight against Gen. Babcock, on Braddock's Field, now a park in the midst of the town by that name, a suburb of Greater Pittsburg (Pa.) 12 miles from Its center, which historic field the writer has frequently viewed, in thoughts of the Red men and French who won that victory, but finally realized that the westward march of a commercial, scientific and semi-Christian civiliza- tion could never be turned eastward again, till it has circumscribed the globe 5 THE ST. LOTUS BOARDING SCHOOL This school located on a heautiful quarter section of land joining Paw- huska on the west, was the first to be built on the new reservation for the Osage children after the Osage came from Kansas. It is a fine four story native stone building facing north. It can room and board from 150 to 200 girls of all ages with the best accom- modations. The preceedlng cut shows some of the beauties of the building and improved grounds, with the happy little Osage girls, mostly under 16 years of age, and the Sisters who teach them all the arts of domestic life and literature and music, for which they have the very best facil- ities for studying under the kind and efficient instruction of the Sisters. Many of the Osage ladies can look back to the St. Louis school as their first, and often only school of their girlhood,, and send their daughters to their Alma Mater. Here you see many bright little faces and feel the refining, educating influence that pre- vails in the recitation rooms, dormit- ories,' dining hall, and rectory, all neat, clean, and cosy, surrounded by a broad campus. . Music is made a specr ialty, as many of the Osage girls take readily and naturally to the art of harmony. The school is conducted under contract with the TJ. S. govern- ment to board and educate the child- THB LnTLB PHILOSOPHER. A Twentletb Centary Thitnker. CAN TOtJ THINK? A Typical Osage Indian Girl. The Wife of Artbur Boimicastle. ren who choose to attend the school, at a stated sum per month. The land was donated the Catholic people for school purposes and is well improved, with increasing attractive- ness as the orchards, ornamental trees and flowers grow more beautiful. The children are under much better in- fluence here than in many of their homes, where the habits of their young lives are moulded in the old modes of living. Some of the best wives and housekeep'ers in the Os- age have been trained in the St. Louis School. St. John's school for boys on Hom- iny Creek, n&r Grey Horse, is a model after the St. Louis, i and furnishes equal advantages for (iie boys. Both were built ' through tine benevolence of Walter Kalhirise, f(or Kathrine Drexel,) of Philadelphia. These schools have only begun well their educational work for the Osage with their bright future. and with its primitive Asiatic cradle clasps one such unbroken belt of mother earth. Fort Duquesne finally fell, where still the log barricade marks the center of the world's greatest iron, coal, and oil markets, the unceasing hum of a thousand productive trades. Every temporary victory was but the pre- lude to a Tippecanoe, Custer's last charge but the funeral knell of the wild buffalo, wild horse unbroken plains, unfelled forests and barbaric life. WHEN FIRST OAMjED OSAGE INDIANS They first lived in Kansas. They called themselves "Wa-sa-s (a) h" (?) the name of the tribe. There were three divisions, the Big Hills, the Little Osages and Kaws. The latter the Osages once refused to own, as the Kaws drifted away as a band of Osages but were not received back after their long absence. They speak about the same dialect and can understand each other. The Kaws have already allotted their lands in 1902 and occupy the Kaw (from which Kansas is derived) country, the northwest part of the Osage. When the Cherokees moved from North Carolina and Tennessee across the Mississippi river, and were assigned territory west of Arkansas, the Os- ages felt that the Cherokees were intruding upon Osage country and this circumstance brought the two tribes into conflict and resulted in the battle of Claremore Hills, near the present town of Claremore, I. T., in which the Cherokees won a victory over the Osages, capturing some and driving the' rest west to their Kansas country. When the Osages ceded their Kansas land to the United States government "Uncle Sam" gave them by treaty the present Osage country, to have and hold as long as "water flows, grass grows and fire burns." ORIGIN OF THE TERM OSAGE. The Great and Little Osages so named by the government authorities were once called the Big Bone and Little Bone Indians, a term applied to each other even in their councils at Pawhuska. of a few years ago. The above names have perhaps been latinized through the English from the term Bone people to Osage, from the Latin Ossa (?) meaning bone. Hence Little Bone (Little Osage) and Big Bone (Great Osage). But this is only a probability. Prom the report of the Bureau of American Ethnology the director, J. W. Powell, or rather Mr. James Mooney, a man of great re- search in Indian lore and language, says: "The popular name 'Osage' is a corruption of Wasash, the name used by themselves. The Osage being the principal southern Souan tribe, claiming at one time the whole territory from the Missouri to the Arkansas and from the Mississippi far into the plains,. were geographically brought equally into contact with the agricultural and sedentary tribes of the eastern country, and the roving hunters of the prairie, and in tribal habit and custom they formed a connecting link be- tween the two." They were once a strong band but have been greatly decreased by war before coming to their present home, and many are said to have fallen by dissipation, but this the writer is unabel to confirm from his own personal knowledge. W. J. McGee, in referring to the transformation of the Indian name* into English says: "Most of the names are simply corruptions of the original terms, though frequently the modification is so complete as to render identifidation and interpretation difficult — it is not easy to find Wa-oace in 'Osage' (so spelled by the French) whose orthography was adopted and mispronounced by English speaking pioneers." The meaning of most of the eastern names are lost. The Osage or Wa-ca-ce ("People" 'We are the people' if McGee is correct,) were com- prised of several bands herein named. The nomenclature of the Osage is difficult. Like that of Souan peoples and the great Dakota confederacy, they seem to have had a general term meaning only the "People." The Osages perhaps once belonged to the power- ful aboriginal organization, the Dakotas, who had only descriptive terms of the allied tribes, as a greeting or countersign, and an alternate proper des- criptive term— "Seven Council Fires"- from which the Oaanre Seven Fire-places In their charmed circle were derived, thus indicating the antiquity of their ancestors as it was applied before the separation of the Asiniboln (a Can- adian band.) The Cigeha group (a probabel branch of the Dakotas) was a term applied to the allied Omaha, Osage, Ponka, Kansa, Oto, etc., before 7 THE BANKS OF PAWHUSKA. THE CITIZENS' NATIONAD BANK Was established October 1, 1903, as a state bank with $15,000 capital stock but such was Its volume and increase of business Ihat In June 1905, the cap- ital stock was increased to $25,000 and on August 26, 1906, the Institution was converted into a national bank. Its last statement issued September 1, 1905, showed the total resources tp be $84,509.98; deposits to exceed $50,000 surplus and individual profits over $5,000 and Increasing rapidly. Mr. W. S. Mathews who has been Its president since organization, is of Osage ances- try, born and reared among them,, and for many years honored and prominent In their tribal affairs. He is now a member of the Osage council. His family is one of the oldest and most prominent citizen families. His children are enjoying the best literary schools of the states. Mr. Mathews is an unassuming man, but of broad knowledge of national affairs, and Os- age history, and excellent business The First National Bank was the experience and judgment; a congenial first to be established, October 1901, ^°^se man, a K. P. and a most trusted before which date the money affairs ""^^ excellent man to steer a financial had been handled mostly by the In- house. He has very able efficient of- dian traders. This bank began with Beers In Mr. R. E. Trammell, vice THE ETRST NATIONAIi BANK a capital stock, and under the direo tion of men of large means, that as sures its success and growth. The of- president, and Mr. D. H. Sprulll, cash- ier, both young men well fitted for their responsibility, worthy of your fleers and share holders whose names trust, and most obliging in their bus- appear under the cut, are some of the i^ess. At present the bank occupies financial pillars of the Osage country, a central building of Messrs. Beck and They stand high socially as well as in Hunt, by the Pawhuska hotel and finance. A statement at the close of council house south of the Triangle, business August 25, 1905, speaks much ^"t has purchased a corner lot op- for the bank and town. The banking E'osite at $5,000, the highest price paid business of a community Is the cri- during the sale. terian by which its resources and pro- COMMERCE gress are estimated by the commercial ^^x ^x ^j^^^-^^ world. Mr. Brenner, the president, is Has lately been organized (October a man of extensive business experience 1, 1905) under the official manage- and is well known throughout the Os- ment of J. D. Scarborough, president; age nation, having lived there many Clifton George, vice-president, Ethan years, engaged in the mercantile, cattle Allen, cashier, M. O. Garrett, assistant and other business enterprises, prior cashier. Mr. Scarborough, formerly to organizing the bank. He is largely of Texas, has for many years run the Interested in real estate and the oil Waukomis bank, Oklahoma. They and gas development here, has a have chartered at $10,000 capital beautiful cottage home on Main Street, stock, but expect to Increase to $20,- and is ever ready to advance the in- 000. The best make of a Mangenes terests of his town. Wjith Mr. W. T. steel safe has been placed in their Leahy, A. W. Ruble, T. B. Gibson, and office on the east side of the triangle, assistants, they are doing a large bank- Mr. Scarborough and his assisants Ing business. They occupy a stone will add much to the progersslve in- bulldlng south of the park square on fluence of the town, do a general the triangle, and will gladly welcome banking business, and make a special- and aid every new enterprise for Paw- ty of collections, and welcome new huska and substantial individual. patrons. 8 their separation, who were without denotive designations, but proudly styled themselves "Local People," (a separate peculiar people.) "Men," "Inhabit- ants," and with still more pride "People of the Parent Speech," bearing- an air of the first people, first families, of the world, lords in all their realm, too much "men," to distinguished a "peop'le," for special titles, just as the terms "men" and "women" in sacred history language means the greatest work of God In creation. They felt the need of no other honor than the term "People." There Is much variance in their names and spelling by dif- ferent writers as in opinions and figures, but we can from the forms of Wa-sa-sah (or sha), Wasash, Wa-ca-ce and Wa-wha draw this conclusion: Wa, meaning great, and sash, sha, cace, wha, etc., meaning bone or people. Their own term Is "Great Bone" (English slang, "G^eat Backbone,") a "Great People." According to Dorsey, Shahan was a synonym of Osage, Wak, Otto, etc. THE GENTIIjE SYSTEM AMONG THE OSAGE. Among the Osages there were formerly three primary divisions or tribes composed of what was termed seven fire places each, Tsicu-utse- pecu-da (*), the Seven Tsiou fireplaces, Hanka, fireplaces, and Wacace- iitse-pe-cuda, the Seven Osage Fireplaces. The Hankas were the last to join the nation. When this occurred the first seven were reckoned as five, and the Osage as two gentes In order to keep the number of gentes on the right side of the tribal circle. Thus we find the Hebrew Idea of the sacredness of the number seven and in their ceremonies they used seven pipes each. The circle was divided into halves the right side representing war, the left side peace. According as the chil- dren of one or the other side of the gens circle are sick they apply for food from the other side for them. To the peace or war side belong all the fireplaces or families of the tribe. Each family could trace his lineage back according to the side of the circle and names adopted from animals and plants. In this system were Involved methods of choosing chiefs, war- riors, officers, voting upon measures to be pursued In war, peace, punish- ment, treaties, etc., a system too much Involved, vague and too obsolete to be given In detail in a brief historical sketch. NASIDfG OF THEm CHU/DREN. According to Saucy Chief, the care and naming of Osage children was a privilege conferred upon the Tsciu wactake (chief) and Pah-ka-waotake, who pToceed with as much ceremony as some of the churches in confirma- tion. Wlhen a child of the Tsiou Is named a certain old man sang songs without the camp, dropping tobacco from his pipe on his left toes as he sings each song. On the first day he (the Tslcu wactake) takes four grains of corn, a black, red, blue and white, after the four grains of corn dropped by four buffalo in the Osage tradition. After chewing the grains he passes them between the lips of the babe to be named. Four stones, pointing to the four points of the compass were put into the fire. The Tsicu called for seme cedar and a special kind of grass that dies not in winter for use on the second day, on which, before sunrise, the old man says of the cedar tree and branches "It shall be for the children." Likewise he mentions the river, its deep holes and tributaries, as future medicine for the children. Upon the heated stones placed In a pile, is put the cedar and grass. Water is then poured on them making a steam in which the child Is held. Then four names are given by the head man of the father's gens, who chooses one for the child. Meantime the men of the other gens bring stones, cedar water. etc., each performing his distinctive ceremonies. The old Tsicu putting cedar into eome of the water, gives the child four sips. Then dipping his left hand In the water rubs the child down the left side from head to foot. Then repeats the process on the left, right an back side of the child. And all the women of his gens are invited to come forward and receive the same sign of blessing as the child, while all the women of the other gens are similarly treated by the head men of their respective gentes. All these tokens of stones, cedar, grass, water, fire, steam and corn and sips of water plainly signify, "May the world (all lands) with its forests, plains, rivers. streams or creeks, be the heritage of the child, to eat, drink and be merry, 9 * The letters t, c, andrt were-reversed' In their dialectic characters, and o crossed, but could not he linotyped. A i'i a es §5 1(4 •I It cj" S P (Photo by Hargls) » 10 his whole being rendering glory to the woman who gave It birth." So deep are these principles inculcated in mothers and children that p'erhapa no mothers and fathers of the world idolize their children more, nor any child- ren reverence more their parents, till this Israelltlsh virtue is handed down through part- blood posterity, till among the Osage descendants It Is often beautiful to behold a quiet Caucasian father or mother, with scarce enough Osage blood to darken their hair and eyes, which are frequently blond, gather a little flock of still more beautiful children about them In ideal par- ental love. No money too valuable, no time too precious to spend with the little folks, at morn or noon or night, even at times to extreme Indulgence In their childish wishes and imitative language, far from baby brogue. How different is the scene. If any at all, in may of the blue blood Caucasian homes (?) where no stork ever comes with her burden of blessing, and when she does bring her profCered gifts, how frequently the so-called "Queen of the Home" is too bound to her social clubs and social rounds, to welcome tht little strangers. And this maternal trait or trend among the Osage and their descendants Is not explained as some would have us believe "by the fact that each child is born heir to a common estate of $15,000 or $20,000 each." though this fact may be a favorable, assuring condition. But how many of the better flxed and wealthier classes of Caucuslans welcome not the little, but blghter stars of every home, worth the name of "Home, Home, Sweet Home!" The orphan sighs: "What Is home without a mother?" The true parent asks: "what Is home without children and their happy glee?" BEMEP IN CREIATION— IN THE GREAT GOD AND A MESSIAH. In the mythological legends as to the creation of certain lands the beaver, otter, and muskrat hold the role of formation. The Iroquois nar- rated that their primitive female ancestor was kicked from the sky by her enrager spouse when there was yet no land for her habitation, but that it "suddenly bubbled up under her feet, and waxed bigger till a whole country was In her possession." Others claim that the beaver, otter and muskrat, seeing her fall rushed to the bottom of the deep to bring up mud sufficient to construct an island for her residence. Among the Osages, Takahlis, and Algonkln of the northwest tribes the muskrat was their simple, cosmogontc machinery of land formation. These latter tribes were philosophic enough to see no real creation jn such an ac- count, but only formation by the action of these amphibious animals. The earth was there but hidden by boundless waters, and heaved up for dry land by the muskrat, as a formation only, logically distinguishing between the terms formation and creation, not assuming to know anything of cre- ation, and considered any questions concerning It nonsense. Their amphib- ians were not considered creative constructors, but merely reconstructors, a very judicious and Important corollary. It supposed a previous existance of matter on earth anterior to ours, but one without light or human in- habitants. A lake they said, burst it bounds, and submerbed all lands (note some similarity to the Bible deluge) and became the primeval ocean. We find among all pfimitive peoples some marvelous parallels of belief in the mythic epochs of nature, the catastrophies, calamities and deluges of fire and water, which have held and swayed all human fancy In every land in every age. But all fancies have been lost in the dilemma of an explanation of a creation of matter from nothing on the one hand, and the "eternity of matter" on the other. "Ex nlhllo nihil" (est) is an apothem Indorsed alike by the profoundest metaphysicians and the most uncultured of primeval man. Prances S. Drake, in his "Indian History for Young People" gives the following fabulous legend as the Osage metaphysician's natural phllisophy for the origin of his "people." Many Osages believe that the first man of their nation came out of a sheel; that while he was walking on earth he met the Great Spirit, who gave him a bow and arrow and told him to go a hunt- ing. After he had killed a deer the Great Spirit gave him fire and told him to cook andi eat his meat and told him also to take the skin and cover himself with It, and with the skins of other animals that he should kill. One day the Osage while hunting saw a beaver sitting on a beaver hut. Mr. Beaver asked him what he was looking for. The Osage answered: "I am thirsty and came for a drink." The heaver then asked him who he was and when he came. The Osage replied that he had no place of residence. ;i ■ 1 ■■—■ !-■ 11 Mr. and Mrs. Davis Fronkier, a cut of whose Pawhuska home and Mll- land Hotel appear with this sketch, are citizens of the Osage and Kaw country. He is of the Kaw, she of the Osage Nation. Mrs. Fronkier's father, Gasso Chouteau, was half Osage and half French, and was the government interpreter for several years. His grandmother Chouteau was a full blood. They have a beautiful cottage home in Pawhuska and two good farms in the Osage and Kaw. They had four children, two are living, The Old Home of Mr. and Mrs. David Fronkier. (Photo by Hargis) B boy, Arthur, and Rose, the wife of Jasper Rogers, one of the most beauti- ful brides of the Osage descendants, showing prominently the French feat- ures a.nd beauty. Their beautiful home is no less striking than the life of the inmates, being a characteristic, happy, Osage citizen home, with his young son and attractive little wife dwelling with them. The Midland Hotel is centrally located and valuable property which they lease to proprietors. THE OSAGE TB3LEPHONE COMPANY MB. R. S. HARRIS, Mgr. Mr. R. S. Harris, the successful manager of the Osage Telephone Co., is a native of Missouri, but spent some years in Texas in the cattle business. He has been in the Osage since 1889, ten years of which time he was devoted to the Mercantile bus- iness under the firm name of Leahy (W. T.) & Harris. But seeing a fine opportunity in the great convenience of the times, put in a telephone sys- tem of 60 phones, and now has nearly 200 installed, and one or the best sys- tems in the territory, operated day and night, with about 100 miles of wire and 2000 feet of cable in town, and long distance connections to all points. He owns somt. valuable prop- erty in Pawhuska, and is a far sighted business man, and a good citizen wide awake to all advancement. He mar- ried a Miss Yoacum, whose sister. Miss Dora, is his chief operator. She is a most typical Kansas and western girl, with a combination of business qualities rarely found. She has been in the Osage for ten years and is a successful operator. 12 "Well, then said the beaver, "as you appear to be a reasonable man I wish you to come and live with me. I have many daughters and if any of them should be agreeabel to you, you may marry." The Osage, as the legend goes, accepted his offer and married one of his daughters, by whom he had many children. The Osage ancestors gave this as their reason for not killing the beaver, as their offspring were believed to be the Osage "peo- ple." Such were their former traditions, not present. OSAGE3 TREE OP LrPE AND HEAVEN MYTHOLOGY. Rev. J. Owen Dorsey, refers to a chart that was accompanied by chant ing a tradition by the members of a secret society of Osages drawn by an Osage, Hada — cutse, Red Corn, early adopted by a white man named Matthews. Hence Rer Corn was named Wm. P. Matthews, or "Bill Nix," becoming one of the tribal lawyers. He belongs to the Sadekice gens. Other versions were given by Pahuska (present Pawhuska. While Hair, chief of the Bald Eagle sub-gens of the Tsicu gens, and from Saucy Chief, from the Wa-ca-ce gens, and from Good Voice of the Miki gens. The chart represents the tree of life, by a flowing river, both described in con- ferring the order. When a woman is initiated she was required by the head of her gens to take four sips of water (symbolizing the river). Then ri'.bs cedar on the palms of his hands with which he rubs her from head to foot. If she belongs to the left sido of the tribal circle he first strokes the left side of her head, making three passes, pronounciing the sacred name of the Great Spirit three times, repeating the process on her forehead, right side and back part of her head making twelve strokes in all (a perfect number). Beneath the river were the following objects: The Watsetuka male slaying animal, or morning, (red), star, (2) six stars ("Elm Rod"), (3) the evening star (4), the little star. Beneath these are the moon, seven stars and sun. Under the seven stars the peace pipe and war hatcnet wnich is close to the sun. The moon and seven stars are on the same side of the chart. Four parallel lines across the chart represent the four degrees through which the ancestors of the Tsicu people passed from the upper heavens to the earth. The lowest heavens rest on a red oak tree (Pusuku). The Sadekice tradition begins below the lowest heavens on the left side under the peace pipe The stanza of the chant point to the different periods of evolution, first when the children of the first period ("former end") of the race were without human bodies and human souls. Then birds over the arch denote the evolution cf human souls in bird bodies. Then the pro- gress from the fourth to the first heavens, followed by descent to the earth. The ascent to four and ddescent to three make up the sacred numbei. seven. When they alighted, as the legend runs, it was on a neautiful day. when the earth was clothed in luxuritant vegetation. Prom this time the path of the Osages diverged, the war gens marching to the right, the peace gens to the left, including the Tsicu, who originated the chart. Then con- flict and the question of rights begun. The Tsicu, peace gens, met the mes- senger and they sent him off to the different stars for aid. According to the chart he approached in order the morning star (Watse-tuka), sun (Hapata Wakanta — the God of day, the sun), moon (Wakantaka the God of night), seven stars (Mikake-pecuda), (Ta-adxi Three deer?), Big Star (Mi- kake-tanka), and Little Star (Mikake-cinka). Then Black Bear went to the Wacinka-cutse, a female red bird sitting on her nest. This grandmother granted his request giving them human bodies, made from her own body. The Hankaucantsi, the most warlike people; made a treaty of peace with the Waccace and Tsico gems and from the union of the three resulted in the Inst Osage nation but not including the allied races. A somewhat different version is given by the other gens, but all showing more or less the Dar- winian theory of man's evolution, or ascent — almost as plausible in reason, when we link to this the first man's marriage with the beaver's daughter. THE GHOST DANCE, RELIGION AND MESSIAH. The Ghost-dance that is so potent in the religious life and belief of the Arapahos and Cheyennes of the west made but little impression and pro- gress amon^ the Osages, who seem to have had a more philosophic premises of religious belief and practice. This dance was practiced tjy a majority of the Pawnees in full anticipation of the early coming of the Messiah and the buffalo, becoming as devoted to the belief and dance as tne Arapahos who 13 FOtTBTH JCTDIOIAIi DISTBIOT tTNITEa) STATES COTRT. Composed of Noble, Kay and Pawnee counties, and the Osage Reser- vation, with the following- officers: Bayard, judge and Jay E. Plckard, clerk, of Perry. O. T.; Judge E. N. Tates, deputy, and U. S. Commissioner, and Mrs. Mary B. Yates, deputy, Pawhuska. Judge Tates is a native of Putnam county, Indiana, but has been in Kansas and Oklahoma seven years. He is also deputy clerk of the District court. His commissioner's court is always in session. Hon. Horace Speed, U. S. attorney, and Jno. H. Scothorn, his assistant, practice here. THE OSAGE COTJNCIIJ HOUSE. (Photo by Hargls) In this historic building is Council Hall and the offices of Judge E. N. Tates; U. S. Commissioner, Mr. J. N. Coulter, E. W. King and Jos. B. Mit- chell, lawyers. Dr. P. C. Gale, Dentist, W. M. Dial, and Geo. B. Mellotte, Real Estate and Insurance. The Blue Point Restaurant and young Mr. Blanc's Barber-shop in the basement. The Osage Council meets in Council Chamber every three months about quarterly payments or of tener at the call of the chief, O-lo-ho-wal-la or the assistant chief, Bacon Rind. 14 Introduced and propagated the method of worship, but strenuously opposed by the agency authorities because of the spirit of unrest, conquest and conquering it engendered among its adherents. Yet it was but the inherent idea and feeling of all humanity from the most untutored savage of Africa's dismal jungles to the learned "Bard of Avon" that somewhere the human paradise has been lost to be regained by reverential approach to the Great God of Christianity, the Great Spirit, or many gods of pagan minds. And the "Restoration idea" is the stronger in those whose life is proportionately hard to bear — a universal truth. This, perhaps, explains why the Osages being the most opulent, wealthiest tribe of America and the world, felt less need of a redeeming Messiah than those less fortunate. And being long under the influence and teaching of the Catholic church, many are firm- believers in, and worshipers of the Christian Messiah, Jesus. Tet all belief in a Messiah is virtually the same though vested in moral, ethical, philosophy or in silken robes, or In simple nude pagan imagination. "Para- dise lost" and Messianic return and restoration; though one be to John's revealed Heaven of the Spirit, the other to the happy hunting and fishing grounds. It is mainly a difference in comprehension of what is the Ideality and perfection of life and its ultimate purpose and reward. "The belief and teachings as to the Hebrew Messiah, the Christian's millennium, the Hindu Avator and the Hesunanin ("Our Father") of the Indian ghost-dance are in essence the same and are born in the hop'es and longings cherished by all human beings. Quoting Mr. Mooney, the compiler of Indian lore and legend, the fol- lowing is worthy of reprint: "There are hours, long departed, which mem- ory brings like blossoms of Bdden to twine around the heart." — Moore. "The wise men tell us that the world is growing happier — that we live longer than did our fathers, have more of comfort and less of toil, fewer wars and discords, and higher hopes and aspirations. So aay the wise men, but deep in our hearts we know they are wrong. For were not we, too, born in Arcadia and have we not each one of us in that May of life, when the world was young, started out lightly and airly along the pathway that led through green meadows to the blue mountains on the distant horizon, beyond which lay the great world we were to conquer? And through others dropped behind, have we not gone on through morning brlghtneA and noonday heat, witb eyes always steadily forwward until the fresh grass begun to be parched and withered, and the way grew hard and stony, and the blue mountains resolved Into gray rocks and thorny cliffs? And when at last we reached the toilsome summits we foundj the glOry that had lured us onward was only the sunset glow that fades into darkness while we look, and leaves us at the very goal to sink down tired in body and sick at heart, with strength and courage gone, to close our eyes and drem again, not of the fame and fortune that werei to be ours, but only of the old time happiness that we have left so far behind." As with men so It is with nations. The lost paradise Is the world's dreamland of youth. What tribe and people has not had its golden age, before Pandora's box was loosed, when women were nymphs and dryads and men were gods and heroes? And when the race lies crushed and groaning beneath an alien yoke, how natural is the ddream of a redeemer, an Arthur, who shall return from exile or awake from some long sleep to drive out the usurper and win back for his people what they have lost. (The hope becomes a faith and the faith becomes the creed of priests and prophets (preachers), until the hero is a god and the dream a religion, looking to some miracle of nature for its culmination and accomplshment. Say, shall not I at last attain some height from whence the past is clear? In whose immortal atmosphere I shall behold by dead again ?— Bayard Taylor. For the flres grow cold and the dances fail. And the songs in their echoes die; And what have we left but the grave beneath. And above the waiting sky?— The Song of the Ancient People. My father, have pity on me! I have nothing to eat, I am dying of thirst — everything is gone!— Arapaho Ghost Dance. 15 ^1 of 8 B IS Is i ^ ■a* «>Q St 16 (Photo by Hargis) DOCTRINE OF THE GHOST DANCE— BY THE PROPHET OR MESSIAH — WOVOKA. "When the sun died, I went up to heaven and saw God and all the people who had died a long time ago. God told me to come back and tell all my people they must be good and love one another and not to fight, steal or lie. He gave me this dance to give to my people. * » • you must not fight, do no harm to any one. Do right always. It will give you satis- faction in life. The Revelation of Wovoka, the son of Tavibo, the prohet of Mason Valley, Nev., who died about 1870. Wovoka (meaning cutter) was an industrious boy working till 30 years of age, when he announced this revelation that made him famous. He was reared in a narrow valley of the Sierras, 30 miles long, walled in by convulsively torn volcanic mountain walls, towering to perpetual snows, sparkling with diamona icycles, with a background of pine forests, the whole under the canopy of a cloudless, infin- ite, blue sky, through which the mind is called in thought to far off worlds above. Rasselas-like, a valley apart from the rushing world beyond, a favorable home for the contemplative mind of a dreamer whose instinctive spiritual power is producing a religious code that needed no Human assist- ance. The doctrine anticipates that the whole Indian race, dead or alive, will be reunited upon some regenerated abode, or planet to live again in their aboriginal happiness "forever free from death, disease and misery." And these fundamental beliefs are common to all Indian peoples with only the mythollgical differences attributed by each apostle or prohet according to his traditions or his mental trend or ideas of happiness as characterize each tribe; but scarcely more variations of interpretation than are found in Christianity with hundreds of sects and creeds and innumerable shades of individual opinions that divide the ranks of Christianity and with, per- haps, as much sound reason. For our differences are mostly those of in- terpretation or definition that converge when followed out to the same fun- damental points and premises leaving only a difference in imagination or practice, if any vital difference. The writer treats this subject of religious life among American aborig- ines, to show how little Jamestown and Plymouth Bocfc colonies subse- quently added to these principles except to teach them how to live tne "Great Father's" teachings in precept and practice. And the Indian ana Christianized Caucasian, too, sometimes doubt that even -these have been accomplished except in a smattering of science among them. All Indian believers were exhorted to make themselves worthy of tne rewards of the promised happiness, conditioned upon discarding cruelty and war and practicing honesty, peace and good will not only among each other, but toward the pale-faced alien, among them. Many believed that tne white races were of secondary importance, spiritually unreal and would have no part in the Red Man's plan of regeneration, would be left behind as other earthly things, and perhaps cease entirely to exist after the coming of the Indian Messiah and the regenerative dawn, which some even nxed on cer- tain days or years, as has often been done by religious enthusiasts among Christian adherents. A PARAGRAPH OP THE MESSIANIC liETTER. "Do not tell the white people about this. Jesus is now like a cloud. The dead are all alive again. I do not know when they will be there. May be this fall or in the spring. When the time comes there will be no more sickness and everyone will be young again." "Do not refuse to work for the whites, and do not make any trouble with them until you leave them. When the earth shakes, (at the coming o' the new world) do not be afraid. It will not hurt you. "I want you to dance every six weeks. Make a teaat at the dance and have food that everybody may eat. Then bathe In the water That is all. You will receive gods words again from me sometime. Do not tell lies. It is evident that these people have either a system of ethics, mytholigy, and ceremonial observance, skeletons of which were brought from eastern Asia, and these first from Western Asia, some thousands °^/«^" .^^o or gathered from the earliest missionary colonists from the old world, or It fhows that Si aborigines had an intuitive inherent religious belief and staXrd as the birth-right of man, given by the creator, from his own image Both may be trul Comparing the old prophecies, Christ's sermon The Family Sexmion of Mr. Moses and Mrs. dementine Plomondoa m the accompanying cut shows four generations, all descendants of Martha Dunham, who appears in the group. She was the daughter of Julia Roy and Clemont Lessart, of French Canadian descent. Julia Roy was a half blood Osage, who came from Kansas in 1872. After death she was buried near Silver Lake. Mrs. Clementine Plomondon was the oldest daughter of Martha Dunham, now 75 years old, and her first husband, Francis De- Noya. She had no children by her second husband, but six were bom to her in her first marriage, three girls and three boys, Martha, Mary, and Rosa, and Prank, Lewis, and Clemont DeNoya. Clementine married Moses Plomondon, and was blessed with twelve childdren, ten of whom are liv- ing, and five married. Their names were Barney, Martha, (now Mrs. John Palmer), Mary, (now Mrs. Anthony Carlton), Frances, Rosa (Mrs. Frank Shaw), and Stella, Agnes and Louise, the three last still single, and Louis and Dan. The other brothers and sisters of Mrs. Plomondon have from two to thirteen children. Frank married a Miss Carpenter, to whom were born seven children. Frank then married a Miss Mary Long who had seven children. Mary first married Steve Belleiu. To her were born two children Ora and Thomas. She later married Wm. Lewis, Lewis DeNoya married Josephine Revard, who had four children. She met a sad death January 23, 1905, by being dragged to death by a runnaway team. She was said to have been one of the most beautiful women of Osage descent. Rosa married Joseph Pearson, and is the mother of eight children and lives next door to Mrs. Plomondon. Clement married a Miss Emma Ross, to whom was born seven children. There are forty-seven grand-children, and twenty- seven great-grand-children, of Mrs. Dunham, the great-grana-mother of this family reunion, ranging in decree of Osage blood from one-quarter, in Mrs. Dunham, (whose grandmother was a full blood) down to the thirty- second degree, inj the great-grand-children. The oldest great-grand-child is now sixteen, miss Mabel Palmer, the eldest daughter of Hon. John Palmer; and the youngest is at this writing an eleven-month-old boy, Moses Shaw, the son of Frank and Rosa Shaw (nee Plomondon.) . The writer gives a brief sketch of this family reunion, because It rep- resents, to some degree of consanguinity, a large part of the Osage citizens, and by intermarriage many of the most prominent families now and for generations to come. The cut does not include many who were absent at the time the photo was taken by Mr. Hargis in September. 1905, when many had come for the quarterly payment. PAWHUSKA HOTELS Hunt, are as first class hotels for their rates as can be found In the two ter- ritories. They are both centrally lo- cated and well patronized, and well conducted by experienced managers. Miss Jennie Larson, who is pfopriet- ress of the Pawhuska Hotel, Is a nat- ive Missourian but need not be shown how to run a hotel. After coming to the Osage Nation with her sisters she conducted a dressmaking parlor for two years, but leasing the Pawhuska hotel and the rooms adjacent over the Citizens National Bank, a building also owned by Messrs. Beck and Hunt, she The Midland has, with unusual success, conducted Pawhuska is well supplied with ^ first class hotel business and has hotel, lodging and boarding facilities, many patrons in and outside of town. Three hotels afford ample accomo- Her sister assists her In the business dafions. The Midland Hotel, owned and Mr. Dounce, familiarly called by David Fronkler, and the Pawhuska "Uncle Jimmy," for his congenial and Hotel, owned by Messrs. Beck and obliging manner, is her clerk. (Photo by Hargis) jae&.;*^fcisiag*s3a ^* on the mount, the two dompTehensive laws of supreme love to God and fellownian (our neighbors) upon which two fundamental oommanamments hang all the laws and prophets, and then add the interpretations of the apostles in their acts and letters, the above Indian code falls but Uttlo short of our Christian code in theory at least; and, we dare say, practice too,- by the masses. The return of the Messiah to take up all Indians higr upon the mountains where all kinds of game roam in abundance, while a flood comes to drown the bad (white man), then nobody but Indians live and game of all kinds thick, is only another interpretation of Mt. Ararat, and all the unworthy drowned. "All Indians must dance, everywhere, and keep on dancing till their year of jubilee, is but the contmuation of the ancient religious dance, as Alenam, David and others, danced before the Ark of God or the thousands in religious festivals, dancing only to the glory of god, till the practice of dancing was introduced upon the Greek and Roman pulpita or stage by men and women dacing together for show and pleasure. The full blood Indian knows no dance but by men alone and that partakig of a religious nature. Few, if any, of the part bloods take part in these dances, but man- ifest their love of music and dancing by frequently participating in the reel, two-step and waltz. It was recently the writer's privilege to witness a full blood dance, to their four guests, men, from the Pueblos of New Mexico, in the Round House (a dancing, feasting and council buildding, similar in shape to a round circus tent, or locomotive round house) that stands in the midst 6f the Indian village, one mile northeast of Pawhuska. Four corpulent braves seated in a circle with drum sticks, beat a large one-headed kettle drum, with the same regular stroke and beat, making a thundering roar. One began the three others following what appearedd to the ear untrained to such music a doleful song or chant with equal time to the drum beats, which soundied to the writer's ear thus: Doom, Dooi;^, doom, doompity- doom, doom, doom, doom, doomity-doom, or giving the a a broad I/atin or Italian sound something like this: Dam, dam, dam, dam'pol, dam, dam, dam, dam, dam'ool, dam. But this is not the white man's swearing exple- tives, for the Osages have no swear words, and whenever using one which is seldom, they must adopt or transfer the language of his enlightened, civilized white cousin. A charm of a small stone image is carried by some, as is the custom of the Ute also. The following incident related to the writer by a most excellent de- voted Christian girl. Miss Hilton, shows the susceptibility of the full bloods to Christian teachings. After a young Missionary of the Southern Board had taught a rather troublesome old fellow, L>. M., even wicked in beat- ing his squaws, that if he did not live better and cease beating his wives he would go to the bad place, having consigned two or three wives to the Osage stone covered tomb, he married another, a Christian, who tried to influence him to be better. He came to Miss Emily Cottrelle and said "I want to be a good Indian; my squaw says if I don't do better me will go to the Devil and I don't want to go to the Devil, me fant to be good Indian." : 4 Most of them believe in a good and a bad spirit, that the bad live in a lower place, of happiness than the good who continue in spirit life and are rewarded according to good or bad done here, worshipped idols, pictures, or other emblems that signifies the Great Spirit; believed in self torture or self sacrifice in order to obtain forgiveness of wrong doing. At times they marched in solemn prosession bowing to the ground in pTayer, and at other times congregations or as Individuals asking the Great Spirit for present desires and future favors, in an earnest devout manner. Their emblem is a cooing dove, signifying peace and love. B^t there are many who believe that the white man's religion and ceremonies are no better than their own. One Osage, Angle P., after marrying two braves, whom she said went crazyz, having ran away from her, she was going to wed another man who desired h6r to go to Pawnee to get a license, to marry In white folks' way. After much persuasion, she was Induced to go, and have the act 19 - -'A^-^^iir'j-Tr>"-T-T-r The elegant and costly residence of Frank Tinker, Park How, Pi^^ESika. ^ BuUt by A. V. Idnscott. .fPhoto by Hargls) ^ sealed by getting- a roll of paper, which she was led to believe was the magnet or charm of the Great Father at Washington, to hold this third time her man with her. Soon the third ran away and she said "he got crazy too." Lamenting over the fact that she had married white follts' way «,nd could not again take a man till "Uncle Sam" took back her sham, (charm) said, "Me no marry white folks way again. No good. He ran away too. Roll of paper do no good. Me no like it." And it seems that this Indian woman was not far from being right in her estimate of the charm value of the roll of paper. It is recorded that out of 5,425 court cases docketed in Oklahoma county, one-fifth or over one thousand were divorce cases who did not like the roll of paper, praying the court to take back or annul what it gave. When society learns again that true marriage is an inseparable attachment formed by natural affinity, intelligence, heart devotion, love (meaning true affection without dissimilation,) and not a mere legal and social ceremony for convenience, there will be thousands of more happy homes, and legal separations the exception. There would be according to full-blood Angle P. few "runaways," or run-abouts after marriage. THE OSAGE MAKKIAGE CEREMONY. Their ideals of virtue are strenuous and exacting in demeanor. They have no courtship. The younger women are constantly under the keenest vigilance of the older married ones. This is their custom. All ancestors are looked upon as mothers, fathers or guardians of the girls till married, which is early in life. Then she becomes the ward of the husband's par- ents, who feed them both the first year. The parents arrange the match by consent or gift. The boy and girl perhaps never see each other till thei-r wedding hour, even though he ties his ponies in her yard to be re- ceived if accepted, or cut loose if rejected. In marriage the girl was bought by the groom or his father for an agreed sum, or gifts paid to the girl's father, and her relation. It Is said the full-bloods still practice this after the official recognition of such mar- riage by the agent and councils. When the gifts are first brought to the bride to be, time is given for the relatives to be consulted, or called together. The gifts are generally accepted on the second day. Then two days are given for the preparation for the wedding. Some food is sent by the groom each day to his expected bride, to let her know what kind of tdre she may expect after marriage, whether it be good. A fine test if it is not only tafCy but plain "grub," or "chuck." She is not so liable to be dis- appointed after marriage. Many "pale face" lads and lassies have all the sweets of well stocked confectionaries, chocolates, bon-bons, angel puffs, grape richey, ice cream socials, taffy, etc., and the finest livery rigs, at any cost before marriage, who often seem unable to get plenty of com bread and butter milk for food and even a goat cart to ride in after mar- riage. The Osage young people are conslstant. They start in as they expect to go through. On the fourth day a beautiful, perhaps costly, American flag is raised by the families Interested. After this the bride is prepared by putting on all of her best clothes, or all personal effects, often consisting of several fine robes, dresses, or blankets. Then she is taken to the groom's house on the best pony, or in a fine buggy, usually a pony, while another Is led near her side. Now the race by the squaws from the grooms house or tent begins. The one reaching her first gets the pony that is led, while those second in the race divide the brides robes among them, leaving her only one scant poorest robe, taking her ribbons, jewelry, etc. When she reaches the groom's home the other women lift her off her pony, put her on a blanket, and take her in, not letting her touch the ground, she is lifted from the blanket to a white spread or table cloth where the wedding supper is spread. Then the groom is called from his hiding place, for he never appears till called, being much more bashful than the white grooms. He seats himself beside her and if both are happy in their parentlal choice they eat and drink together. If not pleased they may sit moody, solemn, or sullen for hours. In one case a young boy, being a graduate of Carlisle, 21 The OathoUc Ohurch — ^In the Cbaimel o£ Bird Greek — ^Behig Moved' by Mr. Will Bradshaw, the House Mover, Pawhuska. Mr. J. W. Bradshaw ■whose house moving appears herewith, lives in West Pawhuska. He has been a resident of the Osage Country for some years. He is a young man of good business ability and energy, and has spent much time on the farm, but has been engaged in moving houses In Pawhuska since the new railroad cut a swath through the town and made some rearrangement of the streets. He is progressive in idea as to what Pawhuska is and will be. He married Mrs. Zoah Revard, the widow of Joseph Revard, Jr., the eldest son of "Uncle Joe"j Revard. They had six children, Elnora, Margurlte, Kert, May, Odel and Carl. Margurlte is married to a Mr. Bbert Penton, Elnora married Mr. Lou Hays. The others are still single. Mr. and Mrs. Bradshay have no children of their own but a pleas- ant cottage home where they live and good farms for themselves and chil- dren. Mrs. Bradshaw is of the Pappin family of historical interest. She Is a bright, vivacious woman, much interested in the education of her chil- dren. Mr. Bradshaw moved this church across the deep channel of Bird Creek, over one-half mile. (Photo by Hargls) 22 and Imbued with young America's Ideas of courtship, did not care to take the girl his parents selceted, and forced him to wed, nor did the girl like the choice better. Both cried and could not be persuaded to eat at first; He was 21 and his bride 16 and educated in the National Government School. After weeping for long hours, they finally smiled at each other, and ate and drank together the Osage marriage ceremony. Oh, ye little "banty spark- ers," how would you like the ceremony of "daddy" or "mammy" boxing your ears and making you wed in the Osage way? But Angle P. preferred it. Miss Hilton also deserves credit for the above observation and narration. SLAVES AMONG INDIANS It appears that while the Osages never captured members from other tribes for slaves, they themselves were sometimes made slaves by the northern tribes, elthet by capture or purchase. Quoting Mr. Augustin Grlgnon, "The Menominees," "Wisconsins," and other Indian tribes, purchased Pawnee slaves from the Ottawas, Sioux's and other who captured them. Most of the slaves were called Pawnees, though some of them were from other Missouri tribes. He knew three Osages among the Menominees. The slaves were mostly females captured while young. No special pecuniary value was set upon these servants, but lie relates where two females were sold at different times for $100 each. Regarding their treatment he remarks: The Pawnee slaves and otheri.i were generally treated with great severity. A female slave owned by a Menominee woman while sick, was directed by her unfeeling mistress to take off her over-dress and she then deliberately stabbed and killed her. and this without cause or provocation, and not in the least attributed to llouor. The dog, among the Osages, as with all Indian people, is a favorite animal, at first being used for burden, before the capture and domesti- cating of the horse, which was introduced among the prairie tribes about the middle of the seventeenth century. "Long's Naturalist found the horse, ass and mule in use among the Kansas and other tribes, and des- cribed the mode of capture ofwHd horses by the Osage." lii the Dakota and Souan dialects, to which the Osage belong the word suk-ton-ka, or sun-ka- wa-kan is a compound word sun-ka, (dog), and an affix tan-ka, and wa- kan, meaning great mysterious or sacred ancient dog, indicating that the dog among the Souan tribes was domesticated before the horse. Whether the Osage ever used canine flesh for food like other Indians, the writer Is unable to say, but finds no record of such usage. The Osage weapons of war were a bent spear, knife, bow and arrow, and tomahawk. The Osages were at war with the Kiowa and their confederated allies, the Comanche and Apache till 1834, for whom the Osage appeared to have a special dislike. Padonca, (a possible contraction of Pl-na-tlka, name of their western division) was the term applied to the Comanches by the Osage and their al- lied tribes. In the sunimer of 1833, significantly called by the Kiowa, "Summer that they cut off their heads," there was a great massacre in which the Osages cut off the heads of the Kiowas and put them in buckets upon the field of slaughter, just west of Saddle mountain, 25 miles northwest of Ft. Sill, known to Kiowas as, "Beheading mountain," near the headwaters of Otter creek. The Osages were on a western hunt and raid. The Kiowa warriors had gone against the Ute, leaving few except old men, women : and children in camp at the mouth of Rainy Mountain creek, near the , present site of Mountain "View, O. T. Young Kiowa hunters found an Osage arrow sticking in a buffalo near by, gave alarm, the camp broke and fled . in four bands, one east, another west and two south to the Wichita moun- [ tains. Three escaped. The fourth under A'date (Island Man) thinking ' all pursuit over, halted on Otter creek, where at the following dawn, a young pony hunter saw the Osages creeping up on foot, the general cus- tom of the Osage and Pawnee, when going into battle with the hope of 'returning mounted, capturing their horses, a wise, Spartan like forethought, banking on bravery. They were designated by the Kiowas, Domankiago, "walkers." In marauding, but generally returning well mounted, gomg to 28 Prof. Bobert B. McOreight, and His Middle-Grade PupUs, EniscoiMl r tY.««==ers). The older ones even now pull out all their eye- ZH :^ ? °' *^® "'^^"^ °"^^ ^^^'^^ *^e head instead of the face, leaving c^^ ^}°? °* *^-^ ^^^"^ from, the forehead to the crown with long hair somewhat similar to the Chinese. A long cue is left on the crown, but the tront part Is left about two or three inches long and reached back with a striking resemblance to the pompadours the young ladies used to wear. As to why these customs are followed the writer is unable to say, but from the modes of hair dressing prevalent among the various bands it seems to be a tribal mark of the differential characteristic. The deaf and dumb among them refer to the different tribes by sign language, pointing out their chief characteristics. For example, they would pass the hand around the fore- head indicating Cherokee, the tribe that formerly wore a band or hand- kerchief around the head, so often seen among that people. The Osages were Indicated by the motion of pniUing out the eye-brows, their general custom; the Creeks a motion of the fingers as if combing the long looks which that tribe left on the temples, cutting all the rest short except these ear-locks; and the Delewares by passing the open hand perpendicularly to the sides of their legens. Indicating a wide flap on the outside. The Osages call the whites the Muh-he- (knife) ton-kah (big), meaning big knife people from first meeting the United States soldiers with their swords and bay- onets. They refer to the Indian Agent now as Big Knife Chief. The Home of Chester Jake, the Painter and Paperhanger and U. S. IJicensed Trader with the Osage. Mr. Take has lived in Chicago, Kansas City, and Independence, Kan., prior to coming to the Osage, but from Canada In 1883, and of German nationality. He has followed the painting trade for 25 years, which has fitted him well for his contracting business in which he employs from three to seven men, and does the best grade of work. He has lived 17 years In Pawhuska, and has done most of the painting In the town, and reservation, for 40 miles distant. Mr. Take Is a skilled artisan and a pleasant gentleman In his business transactions. He married Miss Helen Payne of Independ- ence In -84 and has a happy family of seven children. His dwelling and paint shop is in the north part of town. He will brighten up your house and mind. 33 . .' Mr. J. R. Pearson, whose large Pawhuska home appears herewith, came to the Osage twenty-seven years ago, from Kansas, but formerly from the northern part of Missouri. He has been a most successful farmer, and stock raiser during these years, having 800 acres under cultivation, and fine orchards of 16 years' growth, which the writer had the pleasure of visiting on Salt Creek. He is a man of broad experience, most practical ideas and sound judgment. His fine residence shows his ideal of life. He The Oommodlou? Residence of air. and Mrs. J. R. Pearson, West Fawliuska. is largely interested in the town and a stockholder in the Pawhuska Oil and Gas Co. He married Miss Rosa DeNoya, July, 1873, and has a family of bright, strong, rosy children. His oldest son, October, Married Miss Trum- bly and his eldest daughter is now in one of the best schools in Kansas. Their second daughter has the distinction of being the tallest girl of her age in Pawhuska, and perhaps the Osage. Mr. and Mrs. Pearson take great pride in their children, and aspire to their greatest success, socially, finan- cially, and in culture and have located them fine farms. o- Hon. Hardin Ebey was raised at Wichita, Kansas, and went through the schools there and later graduated Christian Church College, but now Friends University. He was well pre- pared by his broad training to enter the profession of law which next to the ministry demands men of educa- tion, studious habits and sound un- biased judgment, and above all, true honesty of purpose and principles which characterize him. Judge Har- din Ebey, as he is known, opened a law office at Pawhuska but was admit ted to the bar at Wichita, Kan., in .91' He served as clerk of the Court at Wichita, also as Deputy Probate Judge there. Though of broad ex- perience in his profession he is still quite a young man and one of high ambitions and fine habits, a student of law and of thoughtful common sense the basis of all true law. He practiced law four years at Oklahoma City and is. thoroughly conversant wit Oklahoma laws, and will be a power for good In the Osage. 34 HARBIN EBEY. Attorney at Law. THE OSAGE! TREATIES AND LAWS. As far back as the year 1804, November 3, we find the Sac, (Sauk) and Fox trib^ -were In a bloody war with the Great and Utile Osages In the country along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and a treaty was made with the former tribes at St. Louis, then in the district of Louisiana, binding the trbes to cease their wars and come under the protection of the United States, and make a firm and lasting treaty between themselves and the Osages, under the Indian Commissioner, William Henry Harrison, then governor of the Indian Territory and of the Louisiana district, and super- intendent of Indian affairs and plenipotentiary of the United States to make ay treaties found to be necessary with the Osages. The chiefs of the respective tribes mentioned above met in friendly treaty of release made at Ft. Clark on right bank of the Missouri river, five miles above Fire Prairie In 1808 In which Peter Choteau, agent to the Osages and the chiefs and warriors of the latter, a large extent of terri- tory was ceded to the United States east of a boundary line running from Fort Clark directly south to the Arkansas river and down the same to the MlsslsslpT)! for a consideration of $800 cash and $1,000 in merchandise to the Great Osages, and $400 cash and $500 in merchandise to the Little Osages. In the treaty of August 31, 1822, the Osages released the "Uncle Sam" from the obligation of establishing a well assorted store for the purpose of bartering with them on moderate terms for their peltries and furs at all seasons of the year, for a payment of $2,329.40, paid in merchandise out of of the United States factory by Richard Graham, agent of Indian Aflairs. Again in the treaty of January 11, 1839, at Fort Gibson, Brigadier General M Arbucle, U. S. Commissioner to the Osages renounced all titles or Interests In any reservation previously clalmedd by them within the llrnts of any other tribe and all Interests under the treaties of November 10 1818. June 2, 1825, (except contents of art. 6), the Osages bound themselves to ' , „„ i„-,/i<. of other tribes and to remain withm their own remove .fom all l^^fA^"* °^*5^^ for above concession the United States S^M them for i tenS SI Iwentryears an annuity of $20,000 to be paid in paid tlie™;^°'^,f„n^r?' in money and $8,000 in goods, stock, provisions as he'''prTsfder;tm'ghtdfreS,tr furnish them with blacksmiths grist mill, ^i4SSl=^TgTic^^°Saf^^^^^^^^^ SHi'^^a^r^. ^^^ -e vr ir T?Lsy^r.°^4fn: page 527.) but cannot in this synopsis. In the treaty of June 2, 1825, all their right, title an^ ^^^^^ l%^l lannd in Missouri and territory of Arkansas and r««<^^/„^f • ^l^^^f-f^^^^ough drawn from the head sources of the Kansas river s°^"^^?'''^n^Vues ^e- Rook Saline, and all south of Kansas river except a strip of 50 ^'1^ b« visions, or domestic animals, as they might elect "ovisions for the tribes St. Louis, and free transportation, etc. ^""^^ '"%"^tf„^n°''e^ch to all the half- in the efforts to farm; and reservations of °^« ««XVhave sprung many bloods, whose names are '^e""°"^<^'-|^thv families of Southwest Missouri, of the more cultured, educated and wealthy famuie^ Chouteaus and Kansas and the present Osage citizens as tne^^^^^^ Indian Traders others. And all the debts °**^„°^tf®!x?eld $6,000. The treaty of August and for all destroyed PF°Pff*y "treaty 160 miles southwest of Ft. Osage, 10, 1825, called Council Grove Treaty, i^u ^le ^^^^ road from the was made for the sole P4«'°t^„°*^°rto°^btaln consent of the Osages for Missouri frontier to New Mexlco^^ and to obta m c otectlon of trav- right of way through thei^J-ftf^Sly and commercial relations with the repub°l?c*o"f^Me^'co ^JZT^o^^^^^o^ V^^^ to the Osages $500 cash or merchandise. The Frank and Susan iJessart Family of Three Generations. Mr. Benjamin, Frank and Edward, Charley's brothers, and Mrs. Laura Lessart, a sister-in-law, all of Ponca City, compose the imr^dlate de- scendants. The writer would gladly give a sketch of each familr-of Frank and Susan Lessart, and their children, but has not the facts at hand to do so. Julia Roy, their maternal ancestor, was a historical personage of whom a short sketch might be more appreciated by these families and her many offspring than a sketch of their own families so well and favorably known to many. Going back nearly a century we are told a young woman, Miss Julia Roy, married a man of linguistic genius, a "Canadian-French-Alsatian named Lessart, a trapper and interpreter" of several of the modem lan- guages, also Kaw and Osage. About this time, during, the westward~treck of the latter from St. Louis to Kansas City, as stated in the history of that time, many Seneca, Kuapaw, Wyandotte, Kaw and Osage women won French husbands and traders. Miss Julia accepted the traditional scholar, Mr. Lessart, for her masculine half. She lived among the Kaws about where now a million wheels and hammers, both day and night, sound the retreat of the Osage to the Neosho, where fair Mrs. Lessart, with her blond- headed brood later came after the loss of Sir. Lessart. She, it is reported, was denied an Osage right at first by the council because of their blond appearance, but later proved her Osage blood and adoption by Kansas City friends. She was said to be a woman of stately appearance, refered to by the Indians as "Big Woman." With aspiration for the education of her twelve children she came to the Catholic mission, and at last was per- mitted to enter them in school. "Kihekah-Tun-Kah," the chief of all the Osages, and young Saucy Chief are said to have championed her right, the latter rendering valuable service forty years later in fixing Roy family rights. To settle all dispute Claremore, of royal kin, adopted her into the Nation, hence she was termed at times "Madame Claremore," "Madame Lessart," and "Julia Roy," a large, handsome woman, good wife, and de- voted mother, — the most prominent female character in Osake history. She had three sisters, all of whom wed Canadian-Frenchmen, Revellette, Prue, and Lessarge, whose children inherited Osage rights of citizenship, hence the numerous family of the house of Roy, all coming to the present home, except one boy, who went far northwest with a Sioux wife, only one or two of whose children ever came back to the Osage. "A daughter of the Dakotah Lessart was received by the Council in 1888. Later her father, a son of Julia Roy, was denied because of alien residence. A U. S. Commissioner was dispatched to try the case. Near two hundred of Roy descent were about to be disinherited by testimony when Aged Saucy Chief took the stand and testified to seeing the letters of proof used by Juliaf Roy some 40 years before. The full bloods failed to exclude the increasing Roys, that they might hold full sway. Now nearly 250 claim lineage, of Julia Roy, who died at the age of sixty (?) soon after coming to this reser- vation and was buried near the confluence of the Caneys, or Silver Lake, in the memory of her children honored and beloved. And In the faces and physique of the Lessart families in the group", and othher kin, you can see the better, nobler qualities of strong lineage. These brothers all have fine homes in Ponca City and excellent farms In the Osage. Mrs. Laura Lessart, an amiable woman of Kiowa linage, a widow of one brother, deceased, has her bright children in her cottage home here also, and some fine farms in the reservation. While Julia Roy Lessart came to the Neosho Mission witn her full brood of little ones in sore need of help and sympathy, her 250 offspring are in aggregate now worth perhaps between four and five mil- lion dollars, and many excellent people. HARGIS AND ELARGIS. Lawyers — General Practice. The brothers in this firm are men of ability, honor and Integrity, form- erly from Missouri, but have lived in Winfield, Kansas, since 1887, whence they came to Pawhuska a year ago. Mrs. Gladys or (D. C), Hargis is a pho- tographer of extraordinary art and skill, and Geo. W. Hargis, her brother- in-law, is also a successful photographer as well as a lawyer. They openea a photo gallery on coming to Pawhuska and are making many fine pho- tos and views of which many appear in this book. 36 In the treaty of Camp Holmes In the Grand Prairie near the Canad- ian river In the Muscogee Nation, Aug-.. 24, 1835, for a similar purpose with the Comanche and Associated Bands Including the Osages, over two hundred of the chiefs and head men signed (made their X mark) the treaty to keep peace with the Republic of Mexico. Again In May 26, 1857, a similar treaty was made with the Klowas, Kakakas, and Ta-wa-ha-ros tribes, to keep peace with Mexico, Texas, and with the Muscogee and Osage Nations of Indians. Mr. Stokes and A. P. Chouteau, commissioner Indian treaties at Ft. Gibson, negotiated the treaty The Informal treaty at Ft. Smith, Ar- kansas, Sept. 13, 1865, (unratified and not filed in the Indian office but found In Indian Commissioner's reports for 1865) was an agreement by and between ten tribes of Indians, including the Osages in Indian Territory, or country, to re-establish their treaties, etc., and friendly relations with the Federal govenment, after having entered into treaty stipulations with the Confederated States, thereby forfeiting all rights of treaties and protec- tion by the United States. The Osages, like the other tribes of Indians, were divided in their sympathies between the two above named warring powers and hence the need of this agreement to be restored to all former treaty rights. They were " represented by White Hair, principal chief; Po- ne-no-pah-she, second chief; Big Hill Bands, and Wah-dah-ne-gah, counsellors. By the treaty with the Osages at Canville Trading post, Osage Nation, within the state of Kansas, Sept. 29, 1865, most of their lands In Kansas were ceded to the United States, the Osages having more lands than they could occupy for their greatest good, and for which concession the United States agreed to pay the sum, and place to the credit of the Great and Little Osages, $300,000 to be held in the treasury of the United States and five per cent per annum interest to be paid the Osages semi-annually in money, clothing, provisions, or such articles of utility, as the Secretary of the Interior may from time to time direct. Article 2 also makes provis- ion for the holding in trust a twenty-five mile strip of the reserve left, and sold at a price not less than $1.25 per acre, all moneys from such sales . to be placed to their credit and 5 per cent used to aid them in beginning agricultural pursuits under favorable circumstances and "Uncle Sam's" direction. Twenty-five per cent of the net proceeds of such trust land sales were to be set apart till $80,000 should be accumulated, and placed to the credit of the school fund of the Osages, and the Interest thereon, at "the rate of five per cent per annum, should be expended semi-annually for the boardldg, clothing and education of the Osage children. In this treaty the Osage peo- ple showed their appTeciatlon of the Catholic missionaries among them by granting to John Shoemaker In trust one section of land for their mis- sion, with the privilege to buy two other sections at $1.25 per acre for the use and sutsalning of the Catholic mission located In the ceded territory and the like prlvllegei In the new field. In this treaty provision is made for the cession of all their Kansas land, at the option of the Osages and seeleotioh of land in Indian Territory, or affiliating with some tribe in said territory and sharing equally all privileges and annuities. Provisions are made for their just debts to James N. Coffey, and A. B. Canville, traders through the Secretary of the Interior, not, however, to exceed $5,000. Charles Mongram, a chief of the Great Osages is remembered for his faithful services by a grant to his heirs of a section of land In fee simple. Also Darius Rogers for his great services to the Osages was granted a patent of 160 acres, and the privilege to pur- chas 160 more adjoining, subject to the Secretary's approval. They de- clare against war and desire to establish peace with all men, and declare against the Introduction of and use of ardent spirits among them. Should their home be selected in Indian Territory, 50 per cent of the dimininshed Kansas reservation funds were to be used to buy the new home, the rest placed to their credit with similar trust funds. By the articles of a treaty concluded at the Osage Council Ground on Drum Creek, Osage Nation, state of Kansas, May 27, 1868, through the consent of the United States and according to the desires of the Osages, to remove from Kansas to a new and permanent home in Indian Territory, all their lands in Kansas were sold to (or the company granted the priv- ilege of buying It) the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad Com- pany in consideration that this company within three months after ratifica- tion of the treaty, pay to the Secretary of the Interior $100,000 cash, and duly executed bonds for a further sum of $1,500,000 with Interest payable semi-annually at 5 per cent per annum, beginning from a date fixed for the removal of the Osages from these Kansas lands, and $100,000 each year for 15 years, and that said company should build 20 miles of track toward Indian Territory each year, until it reached the south line of Kansas, and on other conditions not essential to mention here, but fully protecting all rights of the Osages. (7 THE lilVEKIES, WAGONS. AND FEED YARDS. Next to caring for himself man should give all possible care and kindness to the animals that serve him, even more care might be due, as the animal servant is at his mercy. Pawhuska has four large liveries arid three feed yards to board your teams. The A. M. Davis Wagon and Feed Yard is centrally located near the Osage Mills on the bank of Bird Creek, with free camp house, shady grounds, and abundance of good water, and box stalls for boarding your horses at reasonable rates. Mr. Davis, the proprietor, came from Wichita, Kansas, to Grant County, Oklahoma, whence he came to Pawhuska, March 1905. Greo. H. Grady, V. S., A Veterinary. Surgeon. Is from the State Veterinary College of Des Moines, Iowa. He came to Pawhuska from Kansas City, where he practiced for five years with fine success, and now becomes practitioner in Pawhuska, and will welcome all who need his skillful services. Some of the best talent of the country is coming to this new country, -(yhich promises great future development. Many fine breed horses and other stock are found in the Osage which is a favorable field for a veterinary surgeon. Dr. Grady offices at the Red Store Wagon and Feed Yard as shown in the cut, with his horses in the Old Red Store Wagon and Feed Yard. Of the three yards in town this yard was the first in Pawhuska, located just in the rear of the famous Old Red Store, one-half block from the Council House and Mlldand Hotel. It was first built by Mr. N. K. Akers of Roanoke, Va. This feed yard has not only the honor of age, but the days one horse's dinner was a 65c bill of fare; but the present proprietor, C. R. Hare, will feed your horses at 30c a team and groom your vehicle in modern style, at moderate prices and welcome old and new patrons to a free camp house; free water, and free gas. 3S In Article 6 of this Treaty $20,006 were to be paid by the United States for its failure to furnish In full all the farming utensils agreed upon, and $10,000 for failure to run a saw and grist mill longer than five of tht. fifteen years agreed upon in the treaty of January 11, 1839. CArt. 2.) Of the $20,000, $12,000 were to be expended in building an agency building in their new home, and also a warehouse, and blacksmith shop, etc., and the remaining $18,000 were to be used in building a school, church and the purchase of a saw and grist mill, which mill was to be managed and con- trolled by the Catholic Mission, for the benefit of the Osages. In Article 9, the Osages, grateful for the benefits of the Catholic Mission, gave In trust and fee simple to John Shoemaker, two sections of land to be selected at or near the new aency, with right to use all necessary timber to sustain such Mission, and school, for the purpose of educating and civilizing of the Osages. But if the Catholic Mission should fail to avail itself of the pro-, visions of this treaty, within twelve months after the removal of the Os-, . ages to their new home, it should forfeit all the rights, privileges and im- munities therein conferred; and the same rights should injre to any other • Christian society, willing to assume the dirties and responsibilities enjoined' ■;■ on such a mission, with the period of two years after settlement in their' new home. If no Christian society should avail themselves of these benefits ' as provided, then all such funds should ,be used under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as in his judgment would best promote the moral. Intellectual, and Industrial interests of the Osage Nation not to ex- ceed $5000 a year, to be deducted from their annuities. In order to be free from all just debts on removing to their new homes $40,000 were voted to settle all debts. It was also provided that if any head of a family desired to commence farming he was privileged to select 300 acres or less, under the direction of the agent in charge within their new reservation, which selection, when recorded, certified, etc., should cease to be held in common and be individ- ual land, so lang as the accupant cultivated it. Any person over 18 yeais of age, not being the head of a family, could select 80 acres and hold it as his own, in the same manner, and duly entered upon the "Osage Land Book" with all the rights of Improvements of deeded lands, subject to the Federal laws of alienation and descent of property. In Article 14 of this treaty it is stipulated that the United States agreed to sell to the Great and Little Osage Indians, for their future home, the , country they now occupy, at a price not to exceed 25c, (twenty-five cents) per acre, bounded on the east by the 96th meridian west from Green- wich, south to the Creek country, thence by the north line of the Creeks to where that line crosses the Arkansas river, thence along its middle mam channel to south line of Kansas, and east to the 96th meridian, composing 1,570,195 acres of land. The above price of twenty-five cents per acre must be a mistake as the former treaties stipulated the price at $1.25 per acre. There seems to be some discrepancy in the different statements concerning the cost ol these lands. H. B. Freeman, reporting to the Indian department in 18»& saia. "The Osages own 1,600,195 acres of land which they purchased from the Cherokees at 70 cents per acre cash, including tlie 100,000 acres of the Kaws purchased from the Osages at the same rate." He further says that at that time the part bloods were unanimously m favor of the allotment of the lands, and full bloods as strenuously opposed, for reasons that wm be given later on . , THE PAWHTJSItA KINK AND OPERA HOUSE. R. J. Woodring, Owner, E. H. Mahon, Mgr. In these days of business rush and nervous tension there jg a corres- ponding desire for physical and mental recreation and past time JV ^^ each care, worry and strain of life arises a need, at least a longmg, tor some tatoiicI?in^ or restful counteraction. With the increase of wea h o^ the one hand or ardent toil on the other comes a demand for ST3.tityuyg entertainment -to keep them pace. In no Perio-i o* thejiistory of nationa was the arena or play house more patronized than today. MilUonb are s^ent monthly for these classes of entertainments Scarcely ^does a tov^,^ put off her swaddling clothes when the opera robe is donned Shrewd men seeing this tendency Invest fortunes in theatres and operas. Mr. R. T Woodring was the first In Pawhuska to erect skating ring dancing ha 1 and opera hoJ^t combined. He is ai clerk in the Osage Mercanti e company s store and a citizen by marriage to Miss Tina Herrard of Osage lineage His energeti^ business qualities are manifest by the erection of this play house, Mr Claud Conway was formerly a partner but now Mr. Woodrlng alone conduote the Sitefprise. Stage decorations of beautiful and costly scenery have been ordered from Chicago at $25 a scene, and hung in place. Scenes robis and paraphanalla, often make one-half the shows, ip any house. The tost sh?w here occurred October 17, 1905. with full houfee insplte of ram and several popular plays since. The photo falling to come, a cut could not be shown as ordered. Fine Home of Chaa. Leech — ^Biillt by Mr. A. V. lilnscott. Mr. A. v. Ijinscott, the contractor who appears on the fore ground of this building is one of the first build- ers and contractors ever established in the Osage nation. He was form- erly from Texas, but has resided In the Osage lor twenty years and ap- plied his trade all over the Osage country. Some of the finest types of architectural buildings have been erected by himself. The cut repre- sents one of his latest buildings, put up for Mr. Chas. Leech, a surveyor. Mr. Frank Tinker's beautiful cottage home is also one of his best in Paw- huska, and others equally fine. He is an expert at his trade and is sat- isfied with only the best work, and will gladly give you estimates. He is still a bachelor, and ready for any engagements In contracting, if not nuptially inclined. OTie Source oi usase *irc«"»-. One of Pawhuska Oil & Gas Co's., wells. Natural gass flow of this sec- Uon said to be 15,000,000 cubic feet every twenty-four hours. Pali CURTIS BROS., MEAT MARKET & BAKERT. and Hon. Jno. Palmer's Home and Summer Pavillan on National Heigtits. 40 Fresh, Salt and Cured Meats, Pui-e liard, Fresh Fish and Oysters In Season, and all kinds o< Fine Bakery Goods at Wholesale and Retail. Curtis Bros., (C. W. and H. K.,) formerly of Illinois, have been resi- dents of the ' Osage six years in the cattle business. In Nov., 1904, they bought the old market of Mr. Sim- cix, and have since bought out Geo. Saxon's and H. T. Leahy's bakery bus- iness and now run both, and doing a flourishing business. They also run a ranch three miles from town and slaughter all their cattle fresh from the pasture and feeding stalls, thus furnishing the best meats that grass and grain produces. With the zeal characteristic of their native statev Pawhuska will feel their progressive force and citizenship. FEJDERAIi AND OSAGE LAWS In the act admitting the state of Kansas, Jan 29. 1861, It specially pro- vided that the Indian Reservation in that state should not be alienable for any purpose except with the consent of the Indians in such Reservation, and then In accordance with the treaty authorizing such alienation. On January 21, 1867, a treaty with the Great and Little Osages was proclaimed and a trust created to dispose of their lands by the government at "a price not less than $1.25 per acre and the funds placed to the credit of these tribes, as the proceeds accrued from such sales In the United States Treasury." The Secretary of the Interior was by this bill authorized to make a correct accounting of the exact acreage of the Osage lands In the state of Kansas and draw upon the United States Treasury for all moneys not correctly credited from their land sales, and to be held by the Secretary of the Interior as custodian of their trust funds to be Invested and dis- tributed according to existing treaties. Here begun the great flnanolal wealth of the OSages, widely heralded as the richest people per capita In the world. The term per capita is rightly used because each one born into the Osage tribe has equal financial rights with every other, with exceptions that will be discussed later. A similar accounting and settlement was made with the Indian Civil- ization Fund for the 16 and 32 sections given by the United States to the state of Kansas, within the limits of the Osage lands ceded by the afore- said treaty. mal College at Ft. Scott, and has prac- ticed law ever since coming to Paw- huska in 1892. He has represented the Osage delegations in Washington as advisory counsel to two commit- tee or allotment delegations in 1903 and 1904-5, and is now a delegate to Washington. In 1896 during the in- vestigation of the Osage rolls he rep- resented a large number of citizens whose rights were questioned and suc- ceeded in keeping most of them on the rolls after 90 days testimony. He is a young man of fine ability and has a profitable, successful practice. He is a man of fine discretion and broad knowledge in general as well as his profession. He has a pretty cottage home opposite Judge Rogers, has four fine specimens of children, and a most devoted husband and father. He has a large law library costing about $3,000. He will be a representative citizen of Osage county and the new state of Oklahoma. There will be no necessity of importing men for high positions when the new state Is ad- mitted. He was assistant attorney for two years, before the Court of Claims. Mr. J. T. Leahy, the Senior partner He is on ardent Knight of Pythias, of the law firm of Leahy and Scott, having organized the lodge No. 11 of (E. F.) is by virtue of his ability, pro- Pawhuska in 1894, and was its fesslon and marriage in a most prom- grst "C. C." He was Supreme inent family of Osage descent, one of Representative one term from Ok- ToeiTi^%^mZTltof°lJI'e%:^te ^-^orn., having previously =»^.. HON. JOHN T. liEAHT. served the ter- He is a citizen by marriage to Miss ^s grand chancellor of Bertha Rogers, one of the accom- ritory. Being well versed in Osage plished doughters of Judge T. L. Rog- history the writer gathered from him ers and a sister of Mrs. Will Leahy, some information along this line. John and Will are cousins. He Is the His law partner Mr. E. F. Scott is son of Edward Leahy, a brother of also a young man of ability and an Thomas Leahy. His father lived intermarried citizen. His wife was a among the Osages in Kansas but died Miss Johnson, one of the leading fam- In '69, four years before their removal ilies of the Osage, and a sister of Mrs. here He has been associated with the Thomas, whose parents have long Osage Interests most of his life, and lived on their well Improved farm two has lived In Pawhuska for 13 years, miles northeast of Pawhuska and ac- He is a graduate of the Kansas Nor- tive members of the M. E. church, and excellent people. .41 AN ACT TO liEAMZE INTEKMAKRIAGE WITH WHITE MEN Art. IX.' (Para. 99.) Section 1 of the Laws of the Osag-e reads: "Whereas the peace and prosperity of the Osage people require that in the enforcement of the laws, jurisdiction of the civil law should De exercised over all persons whosoever who may from time to time be privileged to reside within the limits of the Osage Nation, therefore any white man or citizen of the fniLed States who may leroafter cr.me into the country to marry an Osage woman shall first be required to make known his intent- ions to the Nation Council by ap'plying for a license and such license may under the authority of the National Council, to be issued by the clerk there- of. Any person so obtaining a license shall pay to the clerk the sum of twenty dollars ($20.00) for such license, and take an oath to support the constitution and abide by the laws of the Osage Nation, which oath may be administered by the President of the National Council or the clerk of the body, anthorized for that purpose, and it shall be the duty of the clerk to record the same in the Journals of the National Council. But if any such white man or citizen of the United States shall refuse to subscribe to the oath, he shall not be entitled to the rights of citizenship, and shall forthwith be removed without the limits of the Osage Nation as an intruder. The Osage' laws relating to man's and woman's conduct to each other, and for the protection of woman's virtue and oif spring, sections 23 to 33, holds as high a standard of morals as the most advanced people of any age of civ- ilization. For more than a half century they have had all the modern privileges of a literary education. They have had schools in their midst for many decades and all who have desired to go, have been sent to Carlisle, Penn., or Lawrence, Kan., to graduate, or to other .institutions equally famous. In January (12), 1884, the Osage Council passed a practically compulsoiT education law for the children of their nation. "That every child of school age (from 7 to 14 years of age) who has not been in school four months out of the six months preceeding an an- nuity payment, shall be enrolled, and payment withheld, unless the child was sick and. unable to attend school, which fact shall be certified to by the agency physician, and the annuity paid. It is not the object of this short synopsis to give a digest of all the laws of this people, but only such as Indicate the Aigh degree of self- government, and civic and educational development. Their Constitution and laws published in 18 9 5, under the authority of the National Council of the Osage Nation, and certified to by Thomas Hosier, their National Secretary, show a close following of the constitu- tion of the Federal government and States: — "W)e the peop'le of the Osage Nation in National Council assembled, in order to establish justice, insure tranquility, promote the common welfare, to secure to ourselves and poster- ity the blessing of freedom — acknowledge with humility and gratitude the goodness of the Sovereign ruler of the universe in permitting us to do, and implore his aid and guidance in its accomplishment, do ordain and establish this constitution for the government of the Osage Nation." Any people that can, with the spirit and purpose of such a preamble legislatively formulate and judiciously execute the laws following this pre- amble, were, or are, or ought to be as capable of self government and as competent and well fitted to protect the weaker ones of th<;lr nation as any community on the face of the American continent. They are certainly able to organize immediately, and govern well and judiciously the County of Osage in the new state of Oklahoma, which we all hope to greet this winter. The Osages have long exercised the Legislative, Bxecutie, and Judicial functions of a well formulated government, under the authority of "citizens" or part Osages with as bright minds, and noble qualities as can be found in any county or state. Such men as Judge T. L. Rogers, Judge J. W. Pettit, Hon. John Palmer, Hon. Jno. T. Leaky, C. N. Prudom, Mathews, J. W. Trumbly, and others who have served years in the judicial departments and many other strong men from the citizens, and the best and shrewdest of the "fullbloods" have represented their districts In the Osage National Council, composed of three members from each of the five districts into which the whole Nation was divided. The councilmen are elected for two years, vica voce, by the qualified voters, all male citizens over 18 years of age. Only Osage male citizens can be elected, and not before 25 years of age. No one convicted of a felony was or is eligible to office, appointment of honor, profit or trust in the nation. And each member on being seated in the National Council took the following oath or affirmation: "I, A. B., do solemnly swear or affirm, (as the case may be,) that I have not obtained my election by bribery, treat, or any undue and unlawful means, used by myself, or others, by my desire or approbation for that purpose, that I consider myself constitutionally qualified as a member of the Osage Council, etc., and that all questions and measures which may 42 come before me, I will give my vote and so conduct myself, as In my judg- ment shall appear most conductive to the Interest and prosperity of this nation, and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same, and to the utmost of my ability and power, observe, conform to, support, and de- fend the Constitution thereof." Such an oath would certainly make many a state politician tremble, and turn pale, at such a stunner for pure government. The supreme executive power was vested in a Principal Chief, called "The Principal Chief of the Osage Nation" elected by popular vote of the qualified electors on the general election day. He must be a natural born citizen and 35 years of age. In the same manner is elected an Assistant Chief under the same conditions, and both hold office for two years subject to Impeachment by the Council. But the Chief's oath of office is not as searching as the oath of the Councilmen. He says: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the duties of Principal Chiei of the Osage Nation, and will, to the best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the Osage Nation." The Assistant is to aid and advise the Principal Chief, a more import- ant relatlonhip in this respect than the Vice President Is to the President of the United States. The Constitution provides for supreme and circuit courts presided over by Judges elected by the National Assembly or Council, who have complete criminal jurisdiction in all cases and manners as might be provided by law. And all Indictments conclude thus: "Against the peace, and dignity of the Osage Nation." There seems to be no provision of trial by jury, but that all civil cases should be tried by a supreme court composed of one Chief Justice and two Associate Judges and in criminal cases these three should select two other persons of good character and knowledge, to constitute with them, a court to decide all criminal cases. In all 'other respects the Constitution provided for similar laws, and manner of procedure as found In the most of states, and unnecessary to repeat here. The Osage Executive Council was composed of the Principal and As- sistant chief and three other men appointed by the National Council, on the recommendation of the Chief whom with the Assistant Chief he called together from time to time for directing the affairs of the Nation according to law. The Salaries of the Osage National Officers were not of such amounts as would entice the average state politician to spend hundreds or thousands of dollars, or even many cents. In their elaborate campaigns. The Principal Chief was allowed a salary of only $450 per annum; Assictant Chief, $350; Justice of the Supreme Court, $2 50; Associate Justice in addition to legal fees $150 per annum; Prosecuting Attorney $300; National secretary $3 50; each member of the National Council $250; High Sheriff, $250; each Dis- trict Sheriff, $200; each member of Executive $100; Principal Chief's Priv- ate Secretary $150; his Private Interpreter $150 per annum; making a total of $3,459, less than $4,000 per year expenses for running the govern- ment — a good example for future use. O Mr. J. N. Coulter, the subject of this sketch was born in the moun- tain region of Pennsylvania. His parents moved to Indiana when he was yet a boy, where he lived and grew up to manhood, receiving a liberal education at Wabash col- lege. The western fever struck him at the time of the opening of old Oklahoma in 1889. Entering the territoriy on the 22d day of April as one of the boomers, he lo- cated In Guthrie, where he lived till September 1893. When the strip opened he came to Pawnee, Pawnee county, were he lived un- til the first of May, 1905, remov- ing at that time to Pawhuska, vhere he now lives with his faml y, consisting of his wife and lit- tle daughter, seven years old, a happy trio. Mr. Coulter is success- ful and enjoys a good practice of the best clientage of the Osage Na- tion. 43 ION. J. N. COtriiTER, at-law. Attorney Mr. Conway is a native of New York state, born in Albany, where he lived as a boy, but lived at Syracuse after he was sixteen. He enlisted In the Federal army in the Fourteenth N. T. Volunteers and served three months. Discharged Aug. 2, '61 for disability, re-enlisted Dec. 22, '61 for three years in Battery F, 3rd N. Y. L. Art. Helped to capture Fort Sumpter and as a sargeant volunteered to carry the colors to a Gabion, midway the trenches and the Fort, and was promoted to a lieutenant for this deed of bravery. He was a prisoner in Petersburg, Livy, and Bells Isle, from which he escaped through the indulgence of the officers because of hJa clerical services, and rejoined his battery. He came to the Osage Nation in 1884, and married Mrs. Jane Wilson, nee Miss Revard, the sister of Joseph Revard. They now live in their Pawhuska cottage home amid flowers and trees, a happy, aged couple, retired for a golden sunset of life. They take much pride in their quiet home, and its flowers and pets. Notice a large snail or sea shell found in Beech Creek on his farm. It Is a pre- historic specimen and weighs about fifty pounds. The Pretty Park Home of John Conway, Park Bow. (Photo by Hargis) BAKER-CEIRNEY COMPANY. These Hardware, Furniture, Har- ness and Vehicle Dealers have one of the largest department stores In Paw- huska, furnishing all kinds of hard- ware, stoves, tinware and tinshop, of which they have the finest in the ter- ritory. Their various lines cannot be excelled. They carry also the best of carpets and drapery. Axmtnlster rugs, and lace Curtains. Their busi- ness being established in 1904, on a much smaller basis has grown to large proportions, with a number of rooms stored full of high grade goods, andd the best make of Implements and vehicles. Mr. Adolph Cerney supervises the hardware department. He is broadly experienced In his line and ably assisted by well qualified 41 clerks. Mr. O. M. Baker gives his special at- tention to the furniture and carpet sales, stocks and rooms, and their suc- cessful business proves his fine quali- fications for his department. Mr. A. W. McCoy, conducts the book-keeping and heavy office work. Their present building has a 115 foot front, by 80 deep, stored full from centre to cir- cumference. They incorporated at $100,000, and now doing a $125,000 business per year. Mr. Baker is pres- ident, Mr. A. S. Sands, (of Iowa), vice president; Mr. McCoy, secretary; Mr. Cerney treasurer and one of the managers. They were formerly from Nebraska and Iowa, and of broad generous principles. ENACTTMENT PROHtBITIXG INTOXICATING DRINKS Unltfd°Sta*ferfo"nl]Jlf,^?"^ °^ '^^ Osage Zple1"y?avfSraged the Wblt thrintrnrlnnti"^,, '*'^* ^^"^ embodied in treaties provisions to pro- ments of thpfr Mnt/l" i^n"^ ^^'-f °* intoxicating drinks. Among the enlct- whenever anv ^^^^^^L^^^'^^A^ '^^ ^xV"^. "^ paragraph (69), Section 57, That ness f and? 1^ si»n^ °^^^^^ °/^^S iJ^"°" *^ ^""""^ '" ^ state of drunken- Serson hPfnri f^f a"^***"® "^t*^ °* *^^ "^^^e^'^ °* t^e nation to bring such Sroven ?h«? h» w h"^*"T® "^"^.^^ *° ^"s^®"" "f"' ^aid charge, and if it be fmno^P « fi„^ „ ^v,-*'^™/'""?^,' " ^^'^^ ^« tl^e ^"ty °* tl'e Supreme Judge to iwentvflvm9°.''nnl'^°5, °°t '^^s than ten ($10.00) dollars nor more than Z^lll^.^f^-°V ^°"^''^ *°'' ^^''^ ^"^^ e^ery offense, and in default of Drison a^^t,» ^•l'?°^n^''^'1?" ^^ "J^"^^ *° ^^'''^^ ^^l^ ""^e in the National SJ^f flr.nL ti*««°^ dollar per day, or be put to work on public work at one dollar and fifty cents ($1.50) per day (Sec 59.) All laws and parts laws conflictmg with the above act are hereby repealed. The spirit and force of this law has been steadily enforced to the present time. The vigilance of the Indian Agent, Captain Frantz, and his deputies, makes the prohibition law more effective and complete than in any other section of America. Famous prohibition states, Maine and Kan- sas, are free license in comparison with the Osage country. Proprietary medicines containing alcohol or distilled spirits are rigidly excluded. Ob- serving the law you dare not sell them or introduce them for your own in- dividual or family use, nor shield others in doing so. Men, the writer is told, can't even get Hostetter-s Bitters, nor the ladies Peruna. But near thu lines cross over to old Oklahoma, Kansas or Indian Territory. ^^^^^^^^^^^PmHH^^I^^r '^ ^^^@K ,^B ^ WjM ■ H^^^^?^ ml 9| 1 ^^M^^K^S^^^^^ ,^^ n 1 O. B. THOMAS' BLACKSMITH SHOP Anything tn the Iron and) Woodwork line. Hoirseshoeing a Specialty, TJ. S. liicensed Indian Trader. Pawhuska has some skilled mechanics, among whom C. B. Thomas ranks high in his trade as a blacksmlthi of excellent ability. Two years ago he came here from Poala, Kansas. He has folowed his trade many years and has here won a wide patronage in all kinds of iron work, vehicles and farm implements. Having made a specialty of horseshoeing he gives ex- pert service in shoeing and guarantees satisfaction to his patrons at reas- onable prices. In meeting many good men in the shops, how frequently comes to our minds the poet's "Village Blacksmith," the man of iron and steel, both within and out. Some trades seems to help to make men, others to destroy them. The blacksmiths are generally high grade men, often as firm in the conviction of right as the steel they temper. FLANNIGAN AND JAMBS. Sanitary Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting. With the finding of gas and oil in this vicinity, the plumbing business was in immediate demand. Flannigan and James are a /lewly established firm of first class plumbers and steam fitters, and are doing a growing busi- ness. They are progressive busines men, and will do your work satisfactori- ly and promptly. 46 THE LUMBER COMPANIES. THE SPtJKRIEK LitJMBEB CO., J. T. YOUNG, MGK. One of the first necessities of immigrants to a new field is that of material to build dwellings for themselves and barns for their stock, and other improvements. This employs an army of men to cut and saw the timber, transport it, and others to sell it to the contractors and builders; thus sustaining a great industry in every densely populated center. Paw- huska has four lumber yards, doing business in supplying these needs, as the- town has doubled in size in one year, with good prospects of doubling again during the next year. Some of the largest companies are located here. Among these the Spurrier Lumber Co. with headquarters and main yard at Guthrie, O. T., have eleven yards over the two territories, and are extensive dealers in yellow pine and cypress lumber, shingles, sashes, doods, mould- ings, etc. They have been in business in Pawhuska two years and are located on the east side of the Triangle under the management of Mr. J. T. Young, an experienced lumberman. Besides a full line of building material they carry also a large assortment of paints, and welcome your patronage, and furnish you estimates for building. Give them a call and meet Mr. Young, when preparing to build. Duncan Bros., C. A. and G. H., Dealers in Yellow Pine Lmnber & 'Hai&waie They carry a full line of oak, cedar, cypress, redwood, lumber and lime. sand, brick and cement. These young men were the first to build fine lumber sheds and office, a cut of which appears. They do an extensive business in all kinds of building material, from tin buttons for your tar paper roof, to the finest lumbers and paints for the finishing touches. They contract for building for all work from the stone foundations to the hangings of the paper. They are from Winfleld, Kansas, where they did a wholesale commission lumber business for years. They have one of the finest locations In Pawhuska, just in the rear of the Indian Agent's office, in the center of the business district. Mr. C. A. Duncan, the senior partner, is an active member of the Baptist church and leader of its choir. You will find them courteous gen- tlemen and obliging in supplying your needs. 46, (Photo by Hargis) AN AOT RETjATING TO NEGROES The Osages have always been friendly toward the whites and welcomed hpvT llJ^r.^^^ reservation and into their families by inter-marrlage. They t^ev wprp .^ r* •" ^a'-, a/atast the white Americans. On one occasion tiViL7fr„i fi.^ "" ^^'^5°'' ^ *"""* 'n western Olclahoma and were at- m?S^?n?;^L „1. t!^^°J^ ^^ ^^^ Kansas Militiamen who were reported to be mismformed of the Osage purpose. The braver pnes rushed to their guns rJli,^ chief and leader said, "No the soldiers are Americans, white peo- Si^LJ^Ji, "f .J'°\ ^^I'°^' ^"^^ *^^ Federal Government rewarded them generously for the dead and wounded. „-f .In ^11 treaties with them, we find the following or similar expressions of friendship, and good will as found in a treaty concluded between Wil- liam Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Chouteau, with the Osages, December 26, 1815. "Art. 2. There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between all the citizens of the United States of America, and all individuals composing the Osage tribes or Nation." They have kept the letter and spirit of this treaty with even a self-sac- rihcing sincerity for which Uncle Sam has amply rewarded in money and fostering care, education, and other essential things to encourage the do- mestic arts and agriculture. They still welcome the whites who are honest and conduct themselves rightly. But they seem to have an aversion for the African race and to hold proudly aloof i. om them, only one it is said holding the marriage relation- ship with one of the black race. In the constitutional law of the Osage Na- tion Article XII, the National Council passed an act relating to negroes. (114.) Sec. 1. That from and after the passage of this act the Negroes residing within the Osage Nation shall be ordered to get out. (115.) Sec 2. Any citizen of the Osage Nation shall be subject to a fine of fifty dollars ($50.00) for the employment of any negro upon their reservation. (166.) Sec. 3. The United States Indian Agent is hereoy requested to take such action as is necessary to have all negroes put out of the Osage Reservation. And as this aversion seems to continue among these people hence no inducements for the negro. In concluding this synopsis of the Constitution and laws it is especially worthy of note that in Article VI, Section 1, the qualification of religious belief is prerequisite to office holding. "No person who denies the being of a God, or a future state of reward and punishment, shall hold any office in the civil department in this Nation." Signed, James Bigheart, President of the National Convention, and Ne- kah-ke^pon«iah, Wat-ti-an-kah, Saucy Chief, Tah-wah-che-hie, William Penn, Clamore, Two-giver, Tall Chief, Thomas Big-chief, Ne-kah-wash-she- tan-kan, Joseph Pawnee-no-pah-she, White Hair, Cyprian, Tayrian, Paul Akin, interpreter, and E. M. Mathews, secretary. The Constitutional form of government laws were enforced up' to the time the large payment of a million and a quarter dollars was made when conditions arose that caused the abolishment of the Council and other of- ficers except the Chief and Assistant Chief and through the recommenda- tion of Mr. Churchill, the inspector, the Secretary of the Interior ordered that a business committee of eight be appointed. Fifteen cuuncilmen or three from each of the five districts composed that body, as provided by the constitution and laws, and to be elected the first Monday in August. The council was partly abolished by the committee of eig-ht, but holds is meetings for deliberation" in the same manner as before On ijune 5, 1872, Congress passed an act authorizing the removal of the Great and Little Osages from their lands in Kansas, to their present res- ervation, bounded east by the 96th meridian, south and west by the Creek line and; the Arkansas river and north by the state of Kansas. By the act of Congress July 15, 1870, the reservation for the Osages was retricted to a tract of land in compact form, equal in quantity to 160 acres for each mem- ber of said tribe, but in the early settlement of the Osages in Indian Terri- tory, most of their valuable improvements and valuable farm lands proved by later survey to be east of the 96th meridian. Their present boundaries were fixed in this act of June 5, 1872, yet based upon the stipulations of the congressional act of 1866, section 16 of said act, so far as applicable to the reservation. The act provided that the Osages were to allow the Kansas (Kaw) IndiUns, to settle within their reservation, on land not to exceed 160 acres to each member of the Kaws at a price not higher than that paid by the Osages to the Cherokees for their lands. 47 48 of $1^50 !o^ ro"^ =?^ ^l"""^ ^' ^^^^' P'-o^lsion was made for the transfer Cherokees ?n/ tL n"'"'''' ^^ necessary for the purchase of lands from the credU in con?or^ui^f ^^^ ^''T ^^^ °^^^^ t™^* *""^«) to the Cherokee confirm to thl?VH**° ^^ r^^.l^^^^^ "^""^ 5' 1872, entitled, "An act to Te?HtSlv mft ?^! n^"*^ ^'"'^ ^?^^^ Indians a Reservation In Indian lerriiory. But the Osage reservation in Indian Territorv was excepted ^.°Zo^m:r^.^'^\°i the Dawes Act (the general aUottS Ic? of 1887,) has beentttached%^''^ ^^^ ^' ^.*^|: ^"^ *°^ <=*^" ^". C, 1904. Top Eow. — ^Frank Comdropper, Bacon Rind, P^d Lookout, W. T. Leahy, E^ves Tall Chief, and Charles Brown. Next Row. — Charles N". Pm- dom, Arthur Bonnlcastle, W. S. Mathews, James Bl'gheart, and Lawrence. Lower Row. — Brave, £Eeh-scah-mole, Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah, Back Dog, Shun-kah-mo-lah, Peter O. Bigheart. Tom Moaier, Interpreter; Oscar A. Mitscher, XJ. S. Indian Agjent. Cottage and Business Block of R. M. Htuit. Mr. Hunt, whose cottage and fine business block appears herewith Is an intermarried citizen of the Osage. He has lived in PawhusKa eighteen years, engaged In the blacksmithing business fourteen years of that time, and also conducted a well stocked farm and ranch 23 miles northwest of town on Beaver Creek, which his son Orlal now farms. Mr. Hunt resides in Pawhuska, where he has valuable property and will soon establish himself i nbusiness here, being long a licensed Indian Trader. He married Miss Mary A. DelOrier. They have four children from three to sixteen, two boys and two girls. Orial is attending Nazareth Academy at Muskogee. He is sixteen and i reparing hin-self for a sii-ccrsful tuciness I'fe. I'r. Hunt hs- lieves in preparing his children for the practical affairs of life and seir- i' dependence. %^ 50 (Photo by Hargis) GIVE IDE INDIAN A WHITE MAN'S CHANGE} (Passed In Council Assembled Dec. B, 1905.) "Whereas, The People of Oklahoma, and Indian TerrJtorles are greatly interested In the Statehood Bill introduced by the honorable Bird S. Mc- uulre. Delegate for Oklahoma Territory, which provides for the admission or the aforesaid Territories Into the Union as one state, and Whereas, The terms of said McGuire Statehood Bill have been made Known by the press of the country, within the past few days, thereby giving us an opportunity to examine into the minor details of same, and , 4. '^li?'"eas, said Oklahoma Statehood Bill if passed, will materially ef- fect the mtterests of the Osage Tribe of Indians now living in Oklahoma Territory, and "Whereas, we feel sure that the Honorable Bird S. MoGulre and the Congress of the United States has the most friendly feeling for the Osage Tribe of Indians, and would not Intentionally Injure them or deny them any reasonable request and "Whereas it Is-proper that we make known our wishes in matters that vitally affect us to the congress of the United States and "Whereas the Osage Tribe of Indians now own a tr&ct of land which they bought and paid for, and which is situated In the l-erritory of Okla- homa, and- is known as the Osage Indian Reservation, and "Whereas, Disposition is to be made of said Osage Indian Reservation is a matter that affects the Osages primarily, and can in no way effect the inhabitants of other sections of Oklahoma Territory, or the inhabitants of Indian Territory, and "Whereas, The Osage Tribe of Indians now hold lands and other com- munal property in a different mannner from thati of any other Indian tribe, or other people in either of said territories, and "Whereas, The Osage Tribe of Indians have long been assustomed to transact the greater part of their business In the town of Pawhuska, the Capital of the Osages and "Whereas, The Osage Tribe of Indians have for a long time expected that when existing conditions changed that the Osage Reservation would remain intact, and be constituted one county, to be known as Osage colunty with Pawhuska as the county seat thereof, and "Whereas, We are acquainted with the wishes of the Osages and the people living in the Osage Indian Reservation, and know that they are unanimous as to their wants and desires in the matter above set out and fully approve of the same. "Therefore, Be it resolved by the Osage National Council in session as- sembled at Pawhuska, the Capital of the Osage Nation, this 5th day of De- cember, 1905, that in the proposed statehood bill there be inserted a clause in effect as follows: "That the Osage Indian Reservation in Oklahoma Territory is hereby constituted a county, to be known as Osage County, with Pawhuska as the coounty seat thereof, and that the first election of the proper officers thereof should be held at the time and place, or places, and be conducted In such manner as the Governor shall appoint and direct after at least thirty days notice to be given by proclamation, and all subsequent elections the time, place and manner of holding elections, shall be prescribed by law. "Be it further resolved, That the main and essential provisions of the said proposed Statehood Bill for Oklahoma and Indian Territories, other than the peculiar features above referred to, as introdu(^ed in the House of Representatives by the Honorable Bird S. McGuire, meets with our hearty and unqualified approval. "Be it further resolved. That copies of these resolutions be sent to the Honorable Bird S. McGuire, the Honorable Chairman of the Committee on Territories, in both House and Senate, the Honorable Charles Curtis, the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, the Honorable Conrimissioner of Indian Affairs- and that copies be furnished the five local newspapers published on the'osage Indian Reservation, and the Pawhuska Commercial Club. ■ "W S Mathews, Julian Trumbly, Francis Claremore, Tom West, Charles-Me-She-Tse-He, his x mark, O-Lo-Hal-Moie, his x mark, Me-Kah- Wah-Ti-An-Kah, his x mark. Frank Corndropper, Osage Councilors; O-Lo-Ho-Wal-La, Principal Chief; Bacon Rine, Assistant Principal Chief, professional organizations. From eighteen men, the organization has "I hereby certify on honor, that the foregoing proceedings of the Osage Council are true and correct. A. W. HURLEY, Acting U. S. In- dian Agent. 61 o Cm I I 25 PAWHUSKA. (Pa-hu-ska, the name of a chief, means White Hair, of the Bald Eagle subgens of the Tsicu Gens). After surveying, and scanning- the Osage country you can quickly see why the county seat of the reservation, Pawhuska, should be called "The Hub of the Osage," both from her central location and commercial :im- t'ortance. Approaching the city from the east along the Midland Valley Railroad, 209 miles from Ft. Smith, 103 from Muskogee, 49 from Tulsa, 33 from Skiatook, on the east boundary of the Osage, 23 from Tucker, 17 from Nickols, 13 from Bigheart, and 5 from Nelagony Junction, you will see beautiful, rapidly growing Pawhuska, where about 187Z, "Uncle Sam" selected a most favorable site lor the Guardian Home of the Osage Agency Schools, and Trading Post, which it continued to be till a year ago, when it begun to develop into the present,growing and promising city of the future country, and its prosperity seems only to have begun. Pawhuska is mid- way between Tulsa, partly built on the extreme southeast corner of the Osage and Arkansas City nearly touching the northwest corner of the Reservation. Equal distance from Elgin, or Chautauqua Springs, Kansas. and Cleveland, O. T., B'artlesville, on the extreme east and Ponca City, west. Train connection with Arkansas City will soon be, if not already established on the newly built Midland "Valley, that folio n^s the beautiful winding Bird Creek Valley, walled up on either side by rocky, forest- covered cliffs and hills. Along this line are some of the must sublime scenes in Oklahoma. The Rocky Cliffs just west of Skiatook are most picturesque, and "Lover's Leap," three miles west of Pawhuska overlooks the Mid- land Valley road. It is said by some that this high, perpedicular wall was named from the Incident of an elopement, a young couple who were being closely persued by an irate father and the lovers prefered to die together by leaping over this cliff rather than be separated from each other. If this legend were true, sacred would the spot- to all true lovers or those desiring to make true love, but Mr. John Florer wrecks all the love dream- ing on this point by claiming that he first named the high cliff in Jest dur- ing a family picnic party on that point. So young lovers if the romantic Inspiration of "Lover's Leap" fails you in the conflicting origin of the name, see the venerable merchant of Gray Horse, and "cheer up" for it might not be true. And the towering rocks, fertile vallies and romantic forests and groves may still lend their inspiring charms. Prom the slope east of Bird Creek, looking west as seen on the title page, Pawhuska nestles in a beautiful valley basin, broken east and west by the curving stream, adroned by primitive groves of pecan, persimmon,, walnut, elms, all varieties of oak and other native trees that will niake an "Ideal park. It could be made "IDEAL PARK" by linking the banks together by several light suspension loot bridges. A large steel bridge, now, oppneeji ; East and West Pawhuska. In these times of hustle- tustle, hurly-burly, v competitive, commercial life, and constant strain upon tne pnysical, aijd nervous system of the human race, no city nor town could pe very aelentili-, cally plotted without such a park for leisure hours, and innocent recrea-. tion. 'Tis not all of lile to live in the crowded blocks of business all theiseyT," en days and nights through natural life. Everyone should once in .Sl,- while! J get a taste of that paradise on the eternal "shores beyond." A little vestfe," bule of Eden should be made for the city, where the adventurous hun- , ter and the feathered, painted and bronzed race used to roam. "How; sublimely the Great Father of the Pale and ruuddy races has made this spot for the abode of his children." The Paradise of a romantic, love — dreamer could scarcely Improve upon her site. The ancient Paradise was but a lovely scene of trees, flowers, fruits and castles. And here many beautiful trees have been reared by creative laws and many ornamental trees have been planted in the yards of the older residences of the town, part of which was built years ago, by Indian Traders, and the government. But many smaller business buildings and flne residences have gone up dur- ing two years, since the town survey and sale was assured. ■ Many of the native people seem to have a strog love for natural beauty and flll their yards with trees, flowers and evergreens. Mr. Simcock, on the north hill, and Mr. Wheeler on Park Row, have thulr yards adorned with evergreens, cedar and arbor vital. Main street, as you look east from the Midland Valley tracks is walled with beautiful trees and flowers. As the bill which will be reprinted later in this book speaks for itself It is useless to give the town sections here. We need only say that the most of a section, 640 acres will be available for homes and business, of the most beautiful locations. Pawhuska is ideal lor both busmess in the low- est center of the basin, easily drained to the deep broad unannel of Bird Creek, residences occupying the rest of the basin and its beautiful slopes north, west and south, where the grandeur of forest covered hills over- Mr. William B. McGulre, Postmaster, Fawtauska, O. T. In the development of any community the men In places of trust and honor can wield a mighty Influence. Mr. MoGulre Is a brother of Rep- resentative McGulre of Oklahoma, now In Congress. He Is a gentleman of broad experience, manly qualities, and obliging thoughtfulness, well fitting him for the office he fills with much satisfaction to all. He first came to Pawhuska to teach in the government schools where, after teaching one year, during Arthur's administration, in 1883, he resigned because of the change of administrations. Returning to Kansas he taught till the Cherokee strip opened up, came back to Oklahoma and became a resident of Ponoa City. He raised the first tent ever placed upon that townsite, where he was a leading factor In building that city into the present business center. He served as city clerk for two years and chairman of the school board, in which office he was the main figure in having erected the first complete school house on the "Strip," only sixty days after the opening. The dedica- tion was celebrated by 5,000 while the Ponca and other Indians slaughtered twenty head of wild Texas cattle In Indian mode. In February, 1898, McGulre was appointed potsmaster at Pawhuska, where he has been a pot- ent Influence in town pfogress. He married Miss Virginia A. Slater of Kansas, July, 1889. She often aids him in his official duties with Miss Stoner as assistant postmaster. They have four bright children, a girl and three boys, Robert and Rolland, the youngest, and twins, appear on the porch with their pet mastif. The volume of postofflce business has In- creased rapidly the past year, and will soon make a high grade office. He is reported to have sent in to the postofflce department $300 as the net proceeds of one month's business last fall. Mr. McGulre is a congenial bus- iness man, leading lodge man, a K. P., a good singer, and active Christian In the M. E| church, and anxious for the good of Pahuska, and the Osage, in short an all around clever man and devoted husband and father. Mr. P. Splrlingi's Orohardi Park and Home. Mr. P. Spirting, whose park-like cottage home in South Pawhuska, appears in cut. Is from the famous state of" Kansas, 18 years ago, coming here while a young man. He has long been manager of Mr. F. A. G. Morris' Meat Market, the insurance man mentioned elsewhere and the first exclusive butcher shop in Pawhuska. Mr. Spirting is a deacon in the Baptist church, and an energetic Christian, and is honored by his friends with the familiar nickname, "Musical Butcher," from his fine happy teni- perament and singing. To carve your mutton, pork or steak, he rises with the larh No foes nor care, he whistles, sings, or smiles from daylight until dark. He married a Kansas girl, Miss Jennie E. King, In Pawhuska, In '93. They have no children but judging from his merry air they must have as bsppy a home as possible without them. 14 unuau?nv M»»^'„^K? '^•'•se creek here broadens Into a small river of calm ?er I riLr^fl f^ ^'"^ Y^*®'^ creeping through the town rormlng the let- in^ and fl^,f fi=^T "^^^ t° ®^^*- ,.^^^^ ^'■°^^' ^«ep stretch furnishes boat- Lafnll'^o i=?,t„S f ''^^'■'Z ^ "'"^ through town. Alrtady a steam or ffl wSL t?; *^"*,-^°^ ^°^*^ ^^°''^ Pleasure to the romatically inclin- h^am« t.^t, f'"^' ^^u^ .™^"y twinkling fairies, or p'erchance the moon- ritf»^fr,i „i^ °?"^''°!*^,^''°'^ *^''-°« ■«'°^''Js below, peei, up through the f^,^t^Pf^' "'^f" "^^i^""^ at Cupid's pranks. But If others prefer a firmer ^r^^^ttl^^<' (nfliiennn nf their life in other ways than snowy linen robes of "Jet 69 C. M. HIKT & CO., Dealers in Genei-al Merohanclise and U. S. Mceinsed Indian Traders. Mr. Hirt, head of this firm is a Vir- ginian by birth, and has many of the characteristics of a true, blue blood Virginian. He was in the mercantile business in Franklin and Roanoke counties, t.Re Old Dominion, before coming "West" to the Osage in 1902 where he saw an' opportunity for great development and great possibilities for the Hian of broad experience and best business principles such as he brought with him. He had already purchased the Old Red Store and dwelling by it, one of the best busi- ness stands in the town and Osage. It is one of the oldest places in town, built of stockade logs on ends. It has associated with it years of his- tory and will be a good card for him all through time. Mr. Hirt carries a full line of general merchandise and Imployes a number of clerks, and does a constantly increasing business. He will soon have to enlarge the His- torical Old Red Store and make the Remodeled Red Store. His property is some of the most valuable in town joining the council house yard on the west. He is an active member and deacon in the Presbyterian church which has just been organized. Tou will . be pleased to meet him and know the higher kind of citizens that Sha-pa-nah-she are in Pawhuska, from all tarts of ^ ^ ^ ^ q ^j unusual in- the wpfld. While every Virginian loves the Old State he does not love telllgenoe, with his bright, pretty ba- his adopted home less. bies. James O. Ferguson, Proprietor Osage Blaelcsmith Shop. Mr. Ferguson is a native of Ohio and has blacksmithed all his life. His father was a blacksmith of the highest grade, and from the machinery and outfit in the shop, a cut of which Is shown herewith. His son James inherited the faculty of working iron an wood. He was a resident of Waukomis, Okla., for six years. He then came to Pawhuska to stay and has one of the best equipped general blacksmith shops in the territory- and does the highest grade work in his trade. He has a "Barcas Horse- shoeing Rack," that tames the wildest horse in shoeing him. Shoeing is his si-'ecialty, but he makes new wood and iron work to order, employing sev- eral assistants, and guarantees all his work. He is not only an excellent blacksmith but progressive, public spirited man and citizen. 60 THE PAWHTJSKA CONCE5RT BAND Until last June Pawhuska had no regularly organized band or orchestra. About the first of June the Concert Band was organized and placed under the excellent guidance of Prof. Ed. F. Kreyer, a well known band instructor, who has since acted as the organization's musical director and he plays the solo cornet. Though but five months old this band is the stand in the public park. To Mr. A. W. Hurley, Chief Clerk of the Indian Agency, is largely attributed the honor of its organization, and main ef- forts of its maintainance. Both these men and their wives are leading spirits in music and art development, and are men of noble, congenial, pro- gressive temperaments, and literary, dramatic and commercial powers in any community. Prof, and Mrs. Kreyer have traveled for years as artists in their line, especially fitted for the work. Mrs. Kreyer, with womanly dash, and untiring courage, inspires him to his work. Two more congenial lives are seldom seen. The instrumentation of the band are; L. M. Poison, Piccolo; Chas. Duncan, A. H. Duncan, A. H. Gibson, G. Hill, William Davies, Otis Hill, clarinet; Btirt Kreyer, Peter C. Martinez, R. W. Miller, B. F. Parsons, Drenx Hurley, Don Owens, cornet; W. D. Perry, first horn; C. Wheeler, second horn; Geo. H. Beaulieu, solo alto; F. W. McKinney, first alto; R. J. Woodring, second alto; Harry Koh-pay, Mart T. Bowhan, ■ W. M. Plake, E. B. Soderstom, trombones, A. W. Hurley, baritone; Fred Labadie, Bb Bass; T. E. Gibson EbBass; G. G. LaMotte, Eb Bass Monster; Geo. Duncan, bass drum; J. P. Anderson, snare drum and traps. Nothing could add more to the culture of communities than fine music. Harmony is heaven's first law, yea, almost the oniy one; harmony with God, his laws, and each other, would make heaven anywhere it reigns. There is also a lecture and entertainment course being' conducted under the individual supervision of Prof. Davies and Mr. Campbell. Some entertaining numbers have been given at the M. E. church. OSAGE DANCEKS. 61 Young Osages, Walley Fish, Rich^ ard Rust, Sam Barber, in their dancing suits ready for the ballrnoTO Hominy. Such suits often cost from $50 up to $200, Some of silks, satins, velvet or other expensive' material with cost- ly ornaments. As ' 'mong many whites, fine danc- ers are espeially favories. The wom- en only look on in silence. I Hi 1 I s 5 ° s S ■'^ B S fee ta o u °^^ '^■w O 1^ CO d ,0 CD s S oi a IB „ s ®^ i ^ cs toy ^-y > ^ a g" -S bB t, S 3 Si" IH O tQ.-H 'd Ph >i E fi o K SO" b o Ofi 0) Pi-d m 0) -O' t< fl d h a,Q ti m(uftg.ScjB ^_, ndon, England, he came to America in 1881, at 12 years of age, lived in the oil fields of Pennsylvania, then in Kansas, whence he came to Pawhuska. He owns valuable business and residence property and is a gentleman of broad ex- perience and Interest in his town. Mart. T. Bowhan — ^Manufacturer of Harness and Saddles. Among the business young men of the Osage Mr. Bowhan holds a leading part. He came to Pawhuska from Kansas five years ago, and became one of the best manufacturers of the town. He married Miss Ida Trumbley of Osage descent, and an amiable young lady. He and Mr. Monk are joint owners of the business block shown in the out. Both are progressive and estimable citizens, and doing a growing busineses in their lines. Mr. Howhan carries a complete line of hand and ready made harness, saddles, whips, and other horse furnishings. Pay him a visit and you will be pleased. 66 Mr. Lk J. Stratton, formerly of Massashusetts, has taught the mechanical or carpenter department for five yearSj and Laura Mahon, boys' matron, has been In Indian work for nine years. Mrs. Lauradell Henry, small boy's matron, a native of Florida, has been In service four years. Her husband Is the superintendent of the school ice and water plants, from which the town la also supplied. Most of the industrial arts are carried on in a small scale in order to teach the children the domestic arts. But all the acquirements In this line seem to be slow and poorly acquired. The instructors all claim that it is difficult to fix these essential arts in the life of the vast majority of Indian children. With such educational advantages the wonder to all who survey these privileges is that these primitive people have not long since been trained to self dependence In all domstic trade and arts. Perhaps It Is not the fault of the sowers, nor the seed; but of the soil. But is not the primitive race of the western plains and forests susceptible of more rapid fertilization? The boys of these schools are trained in the rudiments of farming and ordinary domestic duties. But somehow this rustic educational plating does not seem to hold Its polish. But whether it is the fault of the process or the metal and base, Is a question to be solved in the future development of these people. That they are capable of a broad and useful cultivation Is shown by the accomp'llshments of some who seem to improve their advantages in the Missions and schools, whose homes have the Ladies' Home Journal, farm papers and others constantly around their hearth. In general the Indians are shrewd people and had they been alloted their lands many years ago and made to rely upon their own resources and labor, they would in all prob- ability, have been an independent, self supporting people today. This belief is confirmed by the fact that those better trained full bloods, by having Inculculcated more domestic pride, have settled down on some seloet spot of ground and have become Independent and self-supporting so far aS the neesessaries of life go. Intermarriage with the better class of whites has done much for these P'eople. Some of the brightest and most beautiful types Of men and women are the descendants of such families. They have long since begun to realize the value of their great heritage, and manifest a plausible pride in their broad acres and individual homes. Among these Indian descendants are some of the most excellent and richest people in the world, certainly In possi- bilities if not in real value of land and money Income, if they only use and improve their possessions. The only education that the full bloods need for the growing generations is a thorough knowledge, in theory and practice, of farming, gardening, fruit growing and in building their own houses for future homes. Ten years of such training will do more for the aborigines of the plains than a century of mere primary book knowledge. The master stroke will be made when the treaty or bill is made and passed to allot their lands and open their reservation to the invincible advancement of commercial conquest and Improvement. ' Let us protect them against the ravages of such a civilization, and the Indian's future prosperity is assured. He will soon learn what life means, and what the Great Spirit made the land and waters for. No "pale face" doubts the red man's comprehension along this line now since he views with wistful eyes the choice spots of lands and waters and timbers they select for their own. The Indian has never been convinced that the "Great God," who is no respector of persons, except through natural, economical and spiritual laws, has made all that's good for the white man, even though his white children of European origin replenish and subdue much more than his North American children of a more ruddy hue. The writer In former days, when far distant from their camping ana hunting grounds, and having never seen an Indian in native garb, and wigwam. Imagined, with millions of others with limited Indian lore, that the poor children of the forest and plains were badly treated, and felt the chivalrous impulse to come to their rescue; but since coming to the territories and tudylng the true facta the writer feels more like calling upon the blessed and leisure — rich Red Man to come to the rescue of the poor white man. For many of those fertile plains have gone untilled fifty years too long for the good of the homeless renter, and certainly too long for the leisure loving aborigines. They have been at least weakened and impoverished by the ex- cessive fostering care of "Uncle Sam." After many years those in authority are having this realization dawn upon them. The Indian Commissioner, W. A. Jones, In his annual report to the Secretaiy of the Interior, condemns the present system of Indian education as an obstacle to the progress of these people In their present domestic state, toward Independence and self support. He does not condemn their education In the abstract, for Its advantages are 67 MR. FRANK IXNIUBR. One of the most interesting faniilies of the Osage own and occupy this beautiful and costly cottage as shown on the preceeaing page. Both Mr. and Mrs. Frank Tinker are of Osage lineage. His father Wm. Tinker, was half Osage, his mother ', one-elgth Osage, and one^elgth Kaw. Frank was reared in the Osage, but is unusually energetic and progressive, a nia,n of broad experience, thoughtful mind, and strong intelligence, and keenly discerns the true merits of men and measures, has served as Osage sheriff several times and constable one term. He is a successful farjner and stockman, owning several fine farms in the eastern part of the Osage, near Skiatook, and valuable property in Pawhuska, besides elegant honie shown in cut. It is the best and most costly furinished home of its, size in the Osage nation, costing about $5000, has all the modern conveniences of ^ a oily home with commodious rooms, bath, toilet, pantry, halls, all excel- lently furnished from kitchen to garret. The yard is a veritable flower bed and many other evidences of culture. He married Miss Louise Reviard, daughter of "Uncle Joe" Revard and a woman of fine domestic talents and ability. They have seven bright children, a model Osage citizen family. Their oldest son Frajik, Jr. lives near Shiatosk, in a historic house which appears under that heading. This home is one of hospitality and welcome to friends and many strangers, who could never easily forget its sur- roundings. The Pawhuska Home of O. O. Gilmove. MP. O. O. Gilmore, whose Pawhuska cottage home appars in connec- tion, was born and reared among the Osages, but not of Osage descent. His parents were from Tennessee, and were Indian traders in ante-bellum days. Mr. Gilmore is a successful farmer, having one of the finest farms in the Osage, located surrounding the west side of Skiatook. It contains 400 acres, on part of which the M. V. depot is located. It will make him one of the wealthiest citizens among the Osages. He marriea Miss Mary A. Choteau in 1875, by whom four children, James Augustivs, Johanna Co- anna, and Samuel J,ames, were born. Mr. Gilmore sepnds much of his time is one of the leading Inter-married citizens and a man of fine qualities. 6S too great, nor does he criticise the management of any partioul school, or schools in operation, but simply calls attention to the fact tnat the present Inflton educational system, taken as a whole, has not and is not calculated to produce the results so earnestly claimed for it, and so hopefully anticipated, when it was begun. H. B. Freeman, Lieut. Col. Fifth Infantry, and acting agent of the Osage, in reporting to the Indian Department July 31, 1895, said: "The full bloods have theiir wants amply supplied by their annuity and have no others, make hut little progress, the younger part suffer from the sms of their ancestors, are lacking in physical stamina and constantly, de- creasing in numbers. The pupils returning from the non-reservation schooils have not the energy or ability to influence the other to fill such positions as I may give them, and sooner or later, casting aside all they may have learned smk into the common mass of ignorance and idleness in which niany of the younger ones grow up, in not even having the industry and energy acquired by the older ones under the stress of former poverty, hut relying entirely upon the annuity and credit for support. "Being eminently social they spend most of their time in camp near the reservation, or visiting. Few are found who work ten days in the year. Still through association with their white renters, their children are gaining some knowledge of agriculture, the care of stock, etc., which with what they learn at school must slowly, perhaps, but surely lead them to abandon their roaming lives and settle down. iWhy does he say "with what they learn at school." Ought not these government schools to be the main educating institution to train all Indian children to indiep^mient life and self help? But says Freeman, "the schools were managed without regard to industrial education, or regular attend- ance," etc. If this were generally true it explains to a great extent the seem- ing failure practically of the system, not the theory of indxistrial training of these children. A system that will necessitate individual responsibility and manual effort in the support of life and happiness will, with the necessary protection against wrong, solve the problem in one generation. "In view of this condition of affairs I regard the continuance of the undivided land and trust funds as a positive curse to these people, destruc- tive of every impulse toward honest labor and consequent progress." Wm. J. Pollock, Osage Indian Agent, reported from Pawhuska, August 29, 1898, referring to their wealth, makes this statement: "if an Indian and his wife have eight children, the annual cash income to the fajnily is ovbr $2,000. They are aristocrats, and like all wealthy people $corn to perform manual labor. "They toil not, neither do they spin." Who can blame them, and who is to blame for this state of affairs?" These reports show what some of the agents have thought concerning the course to be pursued in educating the full bloods to self reliant and Ih- dependent life, but set forth no method by which such a condition can toe brought about. The Osages themselves are favorable to such an allotmeftt and iindivldual possession, but like all Indian people are naturally suspicious and shy of any person whomsoever, attempting to act or advise in their affairs, till he proves himself true to their interests. Then and only then Will they give him a welcome or support of any kind. This takes time, tact, and jjatienee. Their confidence once gained they are friends that stick closer than a brother, and nothing they have is too good for you, nor do they ex- pect your best is too good for them, a very natural sequence of true friend- ship. H. B. Freeman, reported in 1895 that the citizens, (part bloods) were unanimously in favor of the allotment of the lands, but .that the full bloods were as unanimously opposed to it, and out-voted the former two to onfe, for the simple reason as they claimed, that the rolls contained a number thatihad no right to share in their tribal funds, and to the intense Jealously between the two classes and factions. „„^^„„ ,„,„„^ DRAFT ALLOTMENT BILLr-OSAGES APPOINT ANOTHER COMMITTEE. Another move toward the allotment of Osage lands has been lately made by the appointment of a committee to draft a new allotment bill on which both factions of the tribe are represented. Last year both factions favored allotment, but differed on the details as to how it was to be accomplished and as-areatllt sent two delegations to Washington who worked at cross pur- poses and failed to accomplish anything. They declared Intentions of the interior departtment to take the matter of allotment into its own hands has caused the Osages to made an effort to adjust their differences if possible. The committee appointed by Chief O-lo-ho-Wal-la includes from his owh party C. N. Prudom, W. T. Leahy, Bacon Rind, W. t. N. Mosier, Frank Corn- dropper and Harry Kohpay, in addition to himself; from the oppsition party James Bigheart, Who is the leader of Osage opposition, Peter Blgheart, John F. Palmer, Black Ddg-, ana Nfe-kah-wah-she-tun-k&h. 69 The Pretty Home of F. G. A. Morris, the Insurance Man. — Park Bow. Mr. Morris came to Pawhuska from Plattsburg, N. T., in January, 1889. He served ten years as chief clerk of the Indian Agency here and at Muskogee, I. T. ; but resigned to enter the mercantile business. He 'now conducts the oldest and most extensive Fire Insurance business on the Osage Reservation. , He is a leader In the Episcopal church, and is a man of many excellent qualities in church business and family life. His beauti- ful home is one of the best in town. He is the only one here doing an ex- clusive Insurance business. The Pretty Home of Dr. Harry Walker, — ^Park Row. Dr. Walker not only excells in his profession, but is a man of refine- ment, modesty and culture the true characteristics of all high grade person- alities. He has been schooled in some of the best medical schools and hos- pitals, east and west. He lived in Greely, Kansas, for eight years, and in Oklahoma City eight, and has prapticed in Pawhuska since 19.01, and has, an extensive pfactice. With his wife and three children he has a model, christian family. Such people wield a mighty influence for good in the churches and social circles of the community. 70 (Photo by Hargls) The graded public scHooiiS op pawhtjsica T^^ town schools are taught by four competent teachers. The writer, juagmg from his observation and acquaintance with these teachers, can truly say that if the directors had searched the whole country over they could not have secured four young men and women of better qualities to live among their children for instructors than the ones whose services they secured. They are all of fine temperaments, bright yet reserved, scholarly intelligent and of high ideals. It is the model you set before the child, not text books alone that mould the character. Would you make a manly boy; keep his eyes upon a noble man. To train the child into a charming, cult- ured girl, place before her tender Impressive mind only the woman of bright , inspiring life, and of sympathetis, modest mien, beautifully reserved. Tis the environment, the air in which we move, that inervates the soul or inspires a stronger life. Many a failure in education lies in the- lack of an inspiring Ideal in home and school. Prof. Austin, of broad training and experience, teaches the higher grades nad supervises the school. Prof. Robert R. Mc- Crelght, the next lower grades. Miss Blanc and Miss Pratt, the intermediate and primary grades. The scholars are increasing in number as the -farmers move into town for the benefit of the schools. About 225 are enrolled in these schools. The National school has a capacity of about 200 with 138 en- rolled. St. Louis with a capacity of nearly 150, with 75 in attendance. The Parochial school with a large capacity and a number of pupils. Mrs. Tucker about 25 and St. John's some 15 miles southwest with 150 capacity, and 70 enrolled. We would gladly give a short personal sketch of each teacher, but have not the facts at hand to do so. Faithful teachers deserve as much credit for their work in uplifting the world as ministers of the gospel, often having more anxitles and trials. Knowing Robt. R. McCreight, the teacher at the Episcopal church, as a room-mate for a short time, we can surely say that he Is an excellent type of a northern young man. He is a product of the Buckeye stat^ but expects to make Oklahoma his future home. Being born on afarm he re,ceived a corh- mon school education, attended high school, and later attended the Ohio Unl- vevslty at Athens, Ohio. His first work as teacher was principal; of Seamoh, Ohio, schools, being the third man to fill that position that year. j He has been successful in his work, making raises In his saJAry eatih year. He is a Knight of Pythias and of the noblest ideals of what true mSn and women are or should be. ' THE PRODESTANT CHURCHES OP THE TOWN. . There are four other church organizations in Pawhuska, besides tlje Catholic above mentioned. During the unparalelled development of the towns of new countries, the religious denominations have been very active in meeting the moral, intel- lectual and spiritual needs of homeseekers and commercial classes. The transformation from the wilderness or the prairie to the present stage of civilization in the Osage nation, has been more graual than most towns, because of the long established Indian Agency. All the comforts ana aavant- ages of a small town have alreadyy been enjoyed by the Indlaji; Traders and agency employees, when the bill passed to open the Osage townsites. THE MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH The First Baptist Obnrch of Pawhuska was organized with six members in 1898, by Bev. L. J. Dyke, Rev. Mr. Burnett, who is now working among the Osages, or has been it is said, to be the first Baptist to preach to--these people, though Mr.' Dyke previously formed the nucleus of the Present con- gregation. Mr. Burnett was called as the first pastor, October 1, 1901, for full time. Miss Emly Cottrell, whom the writer has not yet had the pleasure of meeting, an amiable, devoted young lady from Richmond, Virginia, sent to the Osage by the Southern Baptist convention, is doing an excellent work among the full bloods for the past year. Dally she goes into their village, one mile northeast of Pawhuska to teach them. The writer cannot estimate the progress of the work, but all consecrated Christian work results in much good A few citizen families belong to the Baptist church who now have lommodlous, three division building, costing $3,000 seated with chairs, north and west divisions cut ofC by folding doors, when opened making a large seat- fng capacity Mr. H. C. Ripley, the Trade Supervisor of the Osage, and native of Main, is senior deacon, Mr. P. Splrling, junior deacon and Mrs. £aura E Tuck4r, clerk. Rev. W. D. James is pastor; Mrs Blanc, organist. Thev have near 50 members in regular standing, and nearly 100 enrolled in Sunday School Rev. James Is not only a fine preacher, but a broadminded nractical man and has a pretty two story home two blocks east •of ! the church ho^se Rev. Mr. Day and family, formerly of Marsha;l , O..T.-, are maWng their home here. So the Baptists have a strong working force in Pawhuska, 71 EPISCOPAIi OHCKOH In the summer of 1895 when Rt. Rev. F. K. Brooks, Bishop of Okla- homa and Indian Territory made his first visit to Pawhuslca, ne found not more than three families of the Episcopal faith here. His work was the primitive mission work for the Episcopal church among' the Osages. For several years there after no organization was attempted, though seirvices were held in the Council House during this time at irregular Intervals, as the Bishop found It possible to come or send some one else. By the first of the new year 1904, chiefly through the efforts of the Ladies Guild, a flourish- ing: Sunday School had been organized and funds raised, sufficient to warrant the erection of a parish house, to be used for Sunday School purposes and for worship upon the occasion of the Bishop's visits. This building com- menced in 1904, was completed in the following May, at a cos: of $1,200. It Is located on Osage Avenue, one block south of Main Street, and one block from the depot. The Mission as organized is known as "St. Thomas Mis- sion." The work is under the supervision of Mr. J. H. Watts, Lay Reader, who came here from Philadelphia, Pa., October 1, 1905. Rev. Watts is from appearance and cultured manners, and English gentleman and pastor that will add much to the strength of the church and Sunday School. His vestrymen, D. H. Spruill, Geo. W. Simcock, and P. G. A. Morris, are all men of business and financial ability, and with the two vacancies to be filled, will guarantee permancy and progressive work for the parish in Pawhuska. The Pawbuska Home of Mrs. Mfomioa FarreU. The lady who owns this dwelling is pnly one-eights Osage. Her maiden name was Canville, the daughter of Andrew and Mary Louise Canvllle, both French, she Canadian-French. Andrew Canville could claim the distinction of building the first brick house In Kansas City, near the present old Union dep'ot; traded with the Osages and owned much property there, but came with the Osage to their present home with nine children. Miss Monica first married Eugene Callahan. Her second husband was Moses Shaw, and after their death married John Farrell. She has eight children by her first two husbands. Her youngest daughter Ada, lately married Mr. James York, a worthy young man connected with one of the oil and gas companies with headuarters at Bartlesvllle. It is said that this young man captured his fair little bride of Osage descent after a romantic, brief courtship or wooing in which vocal music talent played a leading part. 72 (Photo by Hargis) THE MBTHODIST BJPISCOPAIi OHOBOH The Methodist Eiplsoopal CJhuroh is also well established in Pawhuska, and have a good building, a cut of which appears on another page, and a medium sized pipe organ, played very melodiously by the young and beautiful little daughter of Mr. A. W> Hurley, chief clerk of tlie agency, Miss Catherine Hurley, who perhaps is the youngest pipe organist in Okla- homa and the United States. Mrs. F. T. Gaddis, who early taught a girl's school, seems to have been the very first Methodist Missionary among the Osages. She was sent by the Ladle's Home Mission Society of her church late In the '80's. The organization was formed in 1890 by Judge T. L. Rogers, Major Miles, who was then Indian Agent, Dr. G. W. Sutton, with a few others, and plans of a building drawn and erected and dedicated in 1891. For some years the services and work was sustained mostly by Judge Rogers and his generous wife, both of Indian lineage, and a few otner adherents of the M. E. Church, and Protestants of other denbininations. The church whose building was erected by popular subscription, now has a good member- ship, and is in a prosperous condition under the strong pastoral charge of Rev. E. F. Hill, father of Chas. Hill, editor of the Pawhuska Capital, who by request of his people, was lately returned here by his conference. He. is as refined and as scholarly a man as you would ever meet in large cities. With such officers and co-workers as W. E. McGuire, postmaster; Judge Rogers, W. D. Parry, A. F. Hatfield, and J. E. Johnson, trustees; the church has bright prospects of continued growth. Prof. Wm. Dayies is choir leader and W. D. Parry, superintendent of their increasing Sunday School. The church is talking of selling its present location near the business center arid building a fine house farther out. The "will," here as elsewhere, will effect the change, for next to the Catholic denomination, the Methodist people have the most effective, far reaching business rules in creating chu"ches and par- sonages on all new fields, and supplying them with regular preaching. Churches ought ot be the first to select their lots in every opening field. This is not far from the practice of the M. B. people for which they are commend- able. ' Mrs Simpson's Town and Fann Residenioe and Mr. Simpson. whose farm residence appears in cut, was Miss Susan Mathews, the sister of Mm. S. Mathews, the president of the Citizens National Bank, in Paw- huska. She was born in Newton County, Missouri, in the "forties," Her motherwas half Osage, her father John Mathews, a Kentuckian. She married her husband in Kentucky, in 1870, who was a farmer and stock- man He died three years ago after an accident, leaving only his wife, never having had any children. Mrs. Simpson now lives in her Pawhuska cottaee home, but loves her farm home much better, where she desires to spend the remainder of life. She is a lady of extraordinary refinement, and auiet temperament, spending her time mostly with ner pet "pug" dog that has all the intelligence and devotion of a proooclous child. Be- sides her town home she has a finely improved farm in the western part of the Osare. 73 (Photo by Hargls) The First Presbyterian Ohnrch which Rev. J. H. Davies, a Presbyterian minister of Ralston, O. T., was the first to try to organize In Pawhuska, meets in the hall of the Council House. He came here in July, 1905, and called to- gether the people of his church, and formed the nucleus of what promises to be a consecrated working church. They started with twenty charter mem- bers from some of the most priminent families of the community. Dr. Aaron and wife, J. C. Ferguson, W. D. Parry, Jos. B. Mitchell and wife, Mrs. Farrar, Mrs. Tucker, Mrs. Millard, Miss Hilton, Mrs. Scarborough and Mi. and Mrs. C. M. Hirt, and Judge Yates and others we are unable to name, composed the organization. Judge E. N. Yates, U. S. Commissioner of the court here is the only Ruling Elder at p'resent, and Mr. Hirt, deacon. Rev Brooks, a representative of the Territorial Home Mission Board, came to Pawhuska from Oklahoma City last fall on a visit to the church, preaching once while here. Rev. Davies has been called as first pastor for half-time, de- voting other half to the Mission at Hominy, also started by him. He will live at Pawhuska. A number of other denominations are represented by members here, but as yet, have made no effort to organize. The Christian church peo- ple have had some preaching in the council house at times. The Fine Resldeonec of Frank Revard), Pawhuska. Frank Revard, whose beautiful cottage residenec ap'pears herewith. Is a descendant of one of the oldest allied families of the Osage citizens. His father, Joseph Revard, has been among the Osage through a long life of 77 years, and is one of the oldest and best men of the citizen families. He was twice married and has nine children. Frank, a brother of Leonard Revard, is one of five boys, and a con of his father's first wife. Frank married Miss Amanda Nichols, of Chautauqua, Kansas. They have four bright children, and a happy home. He deals in musical instruments. H.- is a ledaing lodge man in the K. of P's , Masons and Odd Fellows; an honorable citizen, a good all-around fellow, and devoted to holne and family; an energetic man knowing how to fashion his own home, and cultivate his "own vine and fig tree." The name Revard was corrupted by mis-spelling from the French "Revor," meaning a riveter. It was first changed by a man named Bove, (or Greenwood,) to Revars, in which form it appears In treaty. The next form was given by Rev. Father Shoemaker, who spelled it Revard. Frank's great grandfather was a full-blood Osage, his great grandmother of French, and Gterman lineage, and were married on the Mississippi river. 74 IN UNION THERE IS STRENGTH ^^ftY*?^* ^ heavenly, divine thing it would be if all denominations were united in work, love, and building one great church temple to hold all wor- snippers together, according to the Master's prayer. The Apostle exhorted, «f?^v,"^^-."° ®^^ -'■ ^^ °* ^^"^' another of Apolis, another of Cephas, another oil * Ai; ?'" Peter, James or John, etc.," as the case may be, but we are •'Ay>, .r*^"?*" all o' Ctod, commanded to do his will, obey his laws. Let (..nristian Union" be. your motto and battle cry of the twentieth century. «°'"v **'*® ^^^ *'®^" ^^^ dream and hop'e of the writer, though orten half suppressed. When we look back to the Messianic age of prophecy, were was but one temple, one tabernacle, one altar, golden, glorious, grac- ious, the ornamentl crown of Jerusalem; to his people a type of heaven, harmony, oneness. Though there were many synagogues, (syn— together, and ago— to go or assemble) places to assemble they all taught and prepared only for one great gathering — in the one temple, the one chorus, the one great concert of music at their yearly assembly. How much more inspiring would be the music of a hundred harmonious voices in chorus song, than choirs of a baker's dozen! How a teacher's (preacher's) heart might be thrilled, with thousands of bright inspiring eyes and a thousand brighter voices, than a hundred dull, indifferent ones, varying down to none. The difference lies in the electrical force of numbers and volume and harmony of action. "In Union there is strength," is truer of the churches in bringing wayward men into harmony with right, law, and God, than it is in the union of smaller principalities to protect themselves against the merciless conquesib of tyranical empires. And none know this so well as the unchristionized in- The Beautiful Cottage Home of Thomas IJeahy. Among the older prominent families of Osage citizens Mr. Thomas Leahy, familiarly called "Uncle Tom," holds a high place in the esteem of his acquaintances and friends. A native of Illinois he cam6 to America in 1857, at eight years of age, lived first in Illinois six years, thence came to Kansas in 1863, where he resided till 1875, then went to the broad, plains of the "Panhandle" of Texas, for eighteen months, and returned east to Joplin, Mo. for one year. He came to Elgin, Kansas, and the Osage in '77. In '68, at Osage Mission, in Neosho county, Kansas, he married. Miss Mary L. Champagne, who was born and reared in Kansas City. She is only one-eigth Osage with French and German lineage. They have spent their married life in the Osagp and eleven years in Pawhuska. They were honored with four children, three of whom, William, Vava and Cora are living, and all married. Mrs. Saxon is his daughter. With his son Will, he conducts the largest livery business in town, just in the rear of his home shown In the out. Will's beautiful cottage home is diagonally across Main Street from his father's, and Mrs. Saxon's, one block east. Both have finely improved farms adjoining Elgin, Kansas. No better people could be found among the Osages or in Oklahoma than the Leahy famllies;well-to-do, yet unas- suming, refined, social and hospitable. I ''^ IN HONOR PKEFEB ONE ANOTHER. divduals and nations; and the best business men are fast realizing' that the time should come when their means, money, life and. hearts, should he centered In a united Christian brotherhood. And the churches are fast learn- ing that they cannot accomplish the greatest good without the sympathy and support of the business classes, and the strictest buines method in the mater- ial Interest of the church. The churches have passed through their best days and won their greatest victories, till such a spirit and action prevails among the several great religious bodies. Christians, of the various congregations of the Osage nation, your abid- ing success in reaching the world and overcoming the mighty forees of evil which are sure to confront you, and contest every step of your advancement, lies in the spirit of unity. Brotherly fellowship should be manifest in all your labors. At least there should be a mutual co-operation pledged to stand as one church, and one body, from start to finish, in every effort to convert men from the errors of sin, and to advance the moral, educational and the spiritual interests of the whole community. All the followers of Christ should stand together for the advancement of God's kingdom in the world, as unblasedly as the loyal members of a fraternal order stand by their "frater" under all circumstances. The time has come when the non-ehurch- going and unchristian classes demand a unifying spirit, and action among the churches.. No man has the highest comprehension of his Master's life and teaching who loves his own opinions and denomination more than the general good of Christ'c cause, and the turning of men to God. The unspiritualized multi- tudes out of the churches can see some of the precious truths of the light and gospel of the Son of Man, but cannot conceive why it should be necessary _ for us who are his disciples, to be so diverse in our methods and opinions of ' following Him, who prayed that his children might be one as He and God are one. As an army cnsecrates its several divisions to defend a common cause and common country against a common and powerful foe, so may the churches of the future consecrate their forces to win the whole world to Christ, the Son of God, and defend his kingdom against attack, invasion of decline. Stand together for the broad principles of the gospel, for their own lovliness and truth. All praise to God, that we are fast seeing that true life and love for souls are far above mere loyalty to forms and creeds, without such life and love. The churches must have an interest in every man of every class if they accomplish the Lord's work, and the purposes of the Gospel. On the other hand, many men, though not professional followers of the "meek and lowly Christ," In any church, have a substantial or practical Interest in every true Christian, and working church, for the good they bring to the world. Re- cognizing this mutual interest, the writer most humbly dedicates this history and biography to the homes, the Godspeed of the churches, and to the great- est prosperity of the business men pointing each one into whose hands it comes to the Golden Rule. Christ: "Love thy neighbor as thyself." Interpretation: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." Christ: "As ye woulld that men do unto you, do ye even so unto them." In honor prefer another. Aye, learn to love, not self. Oh erring, willful fellow man! But another's life and good, God's will as best, and sure you can. That when you come, your crown of jewels to receive above. Not name, or wealth, or sect your plea, but how divine you loved. — The Writer, P. J. D. TRUE POSSESSION YOURS I own you not, I have you not, What was as prosy of the past, ThO' seemingly I own — Must be abiding act. Until myself I have forgot The beauty in our living cast, Arid angel goodness shown. Flower out In lovely fact; No lingering claim of selfishness For souls to souls are wed in love, Must I keep In my breast. And naught In kindness miss, If I would have the power to bless. And how the angels live above. And be among- the blest!! Becomes our human bliss. God has selected a new race — o heart of love, I look on you. To crown the present man. And feel the fiush of shame. Within our souls is that high grace That while I might have been so true. That perfects this grand plan: Such frailty to me came; It bids us live in love supreme. To love sincerely, that is wise. Thro' all the passing days. And soon would end earth's wrong; And dream and work upon the dream And lovers looking' from love's eyes, And win this higher praise. Would find their lives a song! WlLtTAM BKUNTDN. 76 Tbe Pretty Pawhuska neaideiice of Jasper Rogers. 77 (Photo ty Hargls) Me. Jasper Rogerg. Mr. Jasper Rogers Is one of the leading citizens of the Osage, only about 1-16 and shows but little, or none of their complexion, and traits. He was for some years one of the most successful farmers, but of late years has been engaged in various lines of busines in PawhusKa. He is now living in town where he has one of the most comfortablo, well-equipped himes. In nature and physique he is a fine specimen of wellldeveloped manhood. Few aree found to excell him as a devoted husband and faith- er in the love and pride of home and family. He married Miss Rose Fronk- ier, of Pawhuska. She shows as little of the Osage descent; ana Is one of the model wives and mothers among the Osage citizens. They have three children, one boy, Elnmett, and two girls, Celia and Maud, all fine speci- mens of childhood. Mr. Rogers is much interested In the development of his town and country. He is a nephew of Judge T. L. Rogers, aiid a cous- in of W. C. Rogers, the chief of the Cherokees, for whom ne once clerked at old Skiatook. He is a lover of horses, and takes much pride In one of these pets. His wife, judging from a photo, taken at the time of marriage, was one of the most beautiful brides ever Wedded among tne Osage citi- zens, and wed a man worthy of her devotion. (Photo by Hargis) Wm. H. Hickerson's Beeldenoe and Shop. (Oas Fitting and Plumljers' Supplies of All Kinds.) TJ. S. I/lcensed Trader. Mr. Hickerson was formerly from the Lone Star State where his father' was a blacksmith, and his son, "William Hays, inherited the art of working iron and steel, and grew up in the shop. He came to Pawhuska fourteen- years ago after prospecting In New Mexico, and seven years in the Cherokee nation. He now runs the first established plumbing shop in the Osage country, having combined it with his blacksmithing from the first years in • Pawhuska. He has a well stocked shop, ready for all new or repair work, all guaranteed. His wife was Miss Fannie Chastain of Arkansas, and a very pleasant, bright lady. They have four children, one daughter Minnie, and three sons. Clarance is in an Oklahoma City business college, the other two in Pawhuska schools. Mr. Hickerson has done most of the plumbing in the Osage in the former years, and has a rapidly growing trade. Ho Is an ardent K. of P. and lodge man, having represented the K. P's in the Grand lodge of Oklahoma, and is reported to have joined the Rathbone Sisters. He will gladly fit your gas and water systems with guaranteed work, 78 ° so mW » •^ m P' 2. t'le °n'y son of Thomas Leahy, whose beautiful cottage home appears herewith, is one of the most successful men of the reservation. Besides a most excellent farm two miles north of Pawhuska he is owner of much valuable property in town. His home is a model one, elegantly furnished, and bearing an air of refinement that Impresses even the casual observer. He has held positions of honor and trust In the Osage, being two years treasurer of the Nation, and six years Councilman, and three times a delegate to Washington on tribal business. He Is vice-presi- dent of the First National Bank, and a large holder in the Pawhuska Oil and Gas Co., also extensively interested in the real estate, livery, and cattle business; and ever ready to advance the interests of his town, and the Osage people. He is a man of quick perception and sound Judgment, and good material for the Osage county organization. He married Miss Martha L. Rogers, one of the refined and amiable daughters of Judge Rogers, a full sketch of whose life is given on another page. They have some fine child- ren. No parents in the Osage can feel prouder of their children and their families than Judge Thomas L. and Mrs. Rogers, and several of them are • grouped in the cut of their home. No one can appreciate the finer qualities of many of the Osage citizens till he meets and knows such families as these, and sees the elegance and culture of their homes. They combine many of the better qualities of three or four nationalities, Mr. Will Leah} himself having the better blood of Osage, Irish, French and German. The Beanttfiil Town Home of Leonard Revard, Jnst Completed. Mr. Leonard Revard, brother of Frank, and the son of "Uncle Joseph Revard is a descendant of one of the oldest families of the Osage citizens. He spent some years farming and has some of the finest farms in the Osage, some opposite Ponca City and others scattered over the country, which he leases, but he has retired in Pawhuska and bought one of the most beautiful cottage homes in the town. He married Miss Daisy May Morris, an Arkansas City girl. They haev four of the most beautiful children among the Osages, all girls. He is only small part Osage. His mother was (nee) Miss Leanor Lessart, also of Osage descent. Their home Is as beautiful within as its exterior. Who could not be happy with such a family, home, and children, needing not to think from where tomorrow's meat may come. He expects to establish a business In Pawhuska. He is a man of quiet man- ner and love of home and family, showing strikingly the Osage descent. THE liAMES OF THE OSAGE COUNTRY Perhaps the best criterian by which we may judge a people is the Standard of its womanhood. ■ Many who know little of the advanced order of the territory think that it has lawless and bloody people, but not so. One cannot help noting the quiet and orderly conduct of the people of the Osage country. The days of the Winchester and sixshooter and the desperado have passed, as much so as in most of the states. Tou will meet as refined and as cultured people here as elsewhere, and many as fine models of girlhood and woman- hood as modern society produces in proportion to its population. And woman Is the standard by which the world today estimates the moral and spiritual degress of the home and society, and perhaps justly so, for she has in her the power to fix the pace by which the home, church and state move forward. By her pressing the button the intellectual, moral and spiritual life of man, the home, church and state, is turned on, and by her magic touch again all may become twilight or darkness and hence the old proverb, "the hand that rocks the cradle, moves the world." might possibly be changed a little: "The hands that might or should rock the cradle still move the world." The destiny of man and home, the social world, hangs upon the aesthetic powers and virtues of the "Twentietn Century Woman." With the development of these the world rises; in their loss the homes, churches and social order is incorporated chaos. Woman is the God ordained guardian of man, his home and happiness, modern conditions reversing the old order of influence, and she Is fast becoming his co-partner in the commercial arena. If man should go on an exploring expedition to the moon, the modern business woman would not be far be- hind him when he might make al new discovery. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^™^^^^^^7^^ 'iT^^^^wM^^^^railiiiflww*"*? The Home of Mrs. Lianra Soderstrom. Mrs. Laura Soderstrom is the widow of the late John Soaerstrom, owner during his life, of the first and only fiour and grist mill ever nuilt and run In the Osage nation, first built at Pawhuska about 30 years ago by the government and sold to Soderstrom in 1894. It was the first manufacturing plant in Pawhuska. Since the death of John Soderstrom the mill was sold to his son, Ebble A. Soderstrom, and a partner, Charles Hays, who later sold to Mr. Scarborough, the new banker of Pawhuska. The rather was ac- cidentally drowned by breaking through the ice on his pond on Bird creek Mrs. Soderstrom's father was Coy. J. A. Coffey, the founder of Coffeyville, Kansas. He was the builder of the first dwelling, store ana first mill there and was first postmaster of that town, named after him. He traded much with the five civilized tribes and Osages. His son-in-law, Mr. Soderstrom continued his trading career till death, February, 1902. PIu lert a wife and six children In good circumstances. She occupies the oeiuiiful cottage home shown in this cut In WIest Pawhuska, near the 4o8 root iron bridge over Bird Creek. She Is a woman of many good qualitiea, poth domestic and business. 82 *r„„«2 important a part does woman play In the world's progress on the iionuer, as well as In the most domesticated centers, that *e cannot over- i^JL^f^ "^'■J^ ^'^^ Importance in Its history, any less than in religion, „„„?! f ■ ^t^^- '■omance, poetry, music and love, for she has gracefully combined these faculties with her business qualities, till no profession or traae, Jiowever arduous, shakes her nerwes, or daunts her courage, in mauing a home and independence for herself, in the dawning of the twentieth century. Beauty of dress and symetrical form charm the passing glance of the aesthetic natures of men, like the swiftly passing meteor in Its nash of light, or the more sublime comets, with golden trails that soon pass through the twilighted temple of the skies, charming the star gazing astrologers or astronomers. They are bright rays of nature that may soon pass from sight, but true culture of head and heart in higher accomplish- ments, is like the sun, moon and stars, giving constant light and life to all Who behold and admire. Woman of such cultured accomplishments con- vinces the world of the trueness of the tribute once paid to higher woman- hood by Dr. Hargraves: "A true woman is the poetry of the earth in the same sense that the stars are the poetry of heaven — bright, light-giving, charming," guiding man in his darkest hours of business, political and soc- ial life. This can be true only of the girl or woman of mind and heart culture. The ideal, twentieth centufy woman will be one whose head and heart is more trained than heel, and whose dignity and strength of mind Is co-equal with her grace of step and beautiful symetry of form^ These four qualities alone make "lovely woman." A Quintette of Osage Bells. May the literary, musical, and higher domestic cultures hold sway among their higher aspirations! Some In buusiness have been quite disap- pointed in their anticipations of what grades of mllUiiery and ladies furnishings would be most In demand. The lower grades often have but little sale, while the most costly hats and robes have been in demand. Should you observe only the beautiful and costly hats and robes of the "fair ones" you might imagine yourself on Broadway, New York City; or Chestnut street, Philadelphia, or Indiana Avenue, Washington, and Gar- field Boulevards or on the "Lake Front" of Lincoln Park, District of Chi- cago, or some other elite prominade. Many of the wives and daughters of the Osage citizens dress as beautifully, gaudily, and as costly, as the elite promonaders of the above named boulevards; as many beautifully plumed head dresses, the rattle of silks and satins, as tastily made tailored suits, as brilliant «atlnes and foot- wear a could be heard and seen In the social circles of the states. It Is said that the receptions formerly given at the Indian Agency here were attended in evening opera gowns, and full dress suits. But this formality no longer prevails since the population is rapidly increasing from the states more interested in land lots and bank acounts than social forms. The educational advantages of the citizens and full-bloods have been as good as the government schools afford for many y«yars. All are re- quired to attend some school each year. Most of them while under six- teen years attend the school at Pawhuska or the Sisters St. Louis school there, or the St. John's school conducted by the Sisters on Hominy Creek, near Gray Horse, both conducted under Uuncle Sam's contract for so much per capita for the Osage children, who are compelled to board in the schools. Most of the full bloods stop with the training given in these schools, but many 83 of both sexes go to Haskel Institute, Lawrence, ji.auBa» '^"'^ ,^'t^ """" ""TTT ' (Pa.), and some to the hest schools of other states. Most all the daughters and some of the sons of the intermarried citizens go up to the best schools far and near. The girls being mostly of Catholic families, generally go to convents, or academies, of the Sisters to complete their literary and musical education. Some are excellent, many lair musicians, using various instruments. Most of them are finely fitted to assume the responsibilities of home life, being Kept from the contaminations of the world while in school, and most of them marry early after, or during their school days, and generally while in their teens, and some times exercising but little discrimination, as to the highest virtues essential to make true men and devoted husbands. This misfortune, or lack of judgment is perhaps partly the fault of their exclusive education, partly from home training, and indiscreet associations. But taking the average of happy marriages among blue blooded Caucasians, the Osage citizens whose sons and daughters generally wed the former, make a better showing of domes- tic felicity than many so-called high-bred communities. The financial inde- pendence of the girl or woman of Osage descent may make her less likely than others, to tolerate a worthless man, or one uncongenial to her nature, and be an incentive to separation and feminine liberty, but no more divorces than in the most of present-day society; and from mere observation, these women con- form more happily to the highest ideals of a nineteenth century family ani^ home than many of the finely decorated, pretty, social butterflies that feel much like the lady who disliked the duty of baking bread. Her hands were well filled with sticky dough when her husband came in, and gave her a lit- An Octette DriU of Osage School Girls tie riddle to solve. "My dear, why is the relation of man to woman like a woman mixing dough?" (thinking she would answer: "Because she needed him"). But Fhe studied a long time. He asked: "'Will you give it up?" He thought he had the best of the joke, till she flnalUy replied with an In- dependent toss of her dainty, classical little head: "Yes, I can tell you." "Let her come, then," he cried. "Because when she once gets him on her hands its so difficult to get rid of him again." His spirits fell and quiet reigned. Mrs. Greo H. Saxon. Mrs. Saxon's ITrst Millinery Parlor, Mrs. Saxon who conducts the fine millinery store, the interior of which- is shown in this cut, is one of the most artistic milliners to be found any- where, the great cities not excepted. She studied the art in New York city, then established her millinery parlor in her own home town of Pawhuska, where now she conducts the leading millinery store in the entire Osage coun- try, both in high-grade goods and reasonable prices. She even designs some very beautiful, costly hats to be shipped by express to her old customers and acquaintances in distant states such a her art, taste and originality in design- ing. She is of Irish, French and Osage descent. Her father, Thomas Leahy, stockman and liveryman, of whom a sketch is given elsewhere in this work is of Irish nationality. Her mother was Miss Mary Champagne, who was only one-eighth Osage and seven-eighth French, which fact gives the main source of her daughter's artistic taste in her millinery art, the French being world- 84 renowned as fashion designers. Mrs. Saxon is one of the most characteristic ladies among the Osage, possessing the strongest features and complexion of the Emerald Isle lady, a fair, waxey-toned hue, light blue eyes, crispy au- burn hair, all features blending to make a harmony of complexion not often seen among the fairest Americans. Among her attractive features, her unas- suming, prepossessing, business-like personality are not the least. Her energy , In business is not a very common trait among her sisters of Osage descent as most of them are happy only in the arena of their homes and most devoted love of their children. But this lady is no less an ideal mother, than a lady in her business, combining all the qualifications of the love of success, progress, business frugality, social life and home. It Is said of her that the cupid of wealth worshipped at the shrine of her girlhood and young womanhood, but she from all suitors selected a man of energy and good business qualities as his Inheritance and store of wealth, who is now In the mercantile business at Osage Junction, but cannot prevail on his young wife to give up her millinery business that she Is so excellently fitted for by natural ability and schooling under the best designers of New York City. All have the best of words for her and you only have to meet her to admire her womanly amiability and quali- ties. And this is said only In honor to the highest womanhood of the Osage Nation, as Mrs. Saxon is happily married, and the writer has never been able to acquire the art of flattery nor does he desire to if he could. Mrs. Saxon has contantly in her employ the most artistic help. The lady standing to the left in the cut, Mrs. Mamie Rambo, Is the daughter of Rev. E. F. Hill, pastor of the M. E. church a most skillful milliner and a most amiable lady, who has been with her over a year. The Elite Millinery Storel of Mrs. G. H. Saxon. Pawhuska has many cultured girls and ladies who at times entertain the public by literary and musical talent. Many are accomplished In instru- mental and vocal music. Miss Gale, who has studied in the best schools un- der the training of the best vocal Instructors, has made many successes in her musical culture entertainments. The "Pawhuska Dramatic dub" was recently organized to cultivate and use home talent on the newly decorated opera house stage of Mr. Wood- ring. The club, under the direction of Mr. and Mrs. Ed. P. Kreyer, theatrical professionals some years, has already showed that there is comedy and dra- matic ability here. This young lady Is an amiable daughter of Mrs. Will B'radshaw, and granddaughter of "Uncle" Joe Re- vard. She Is now taking a musical and business course in St. Joseph's Academy at Guthrie, O. T., one of the best convent schools In the territories. She comes of one of the oldest and most prominent families, and one of the fairest descendants of the Osages. Her maternal grandfather was a Pap- pin of history. jujgg M^y Revard. — - (Photo by Hargls) This group Is the bridal party of Mr. Andrew Trumbly and his new bride, Miss May Alexander, daughter of James A. Alexander, of the Osage Nation, who lives about three miles frow Kaw City, O. T. They were mar- ried July 30, 1902, at Ponca City, where this group' was taken on the same day. They make their new home in Ponca City but have two finely im- proved farms in the Osage, about 12 and 40 miles from Ponca City. Mr. Trumbly is the only son of Francis and Augustine Trumbly, both of Osage ancestry, but of French lineage on his father's side, who was only a quarter blood Osage, and his mother one-half. His father was prominent among the Osage people holding the place of Councilman, and was the prosecuting attornew for the Nation when he died, leaving a widow, and one son, Andrew, eight years of age, and two daughters. Rose and Ida, who married AN OSAGE WEDDING PARTY - '^ Chas. Monoravle and Martin Bowhan. Andrew was educated at Pawhuska and Fort Scott. His wife's father was of Scotch nationality, but her mother was one-quarter Osage, (nee) Miss Martha Smith. The bride in this party was educated at Pawhuska and Wichita, at Mt. Marmel Acad- emy. Andrew Is a nephew of Julian and John B. Trumbly. Julian is one of the Osage Townsite Commissioners, also a member of the council for several terms, and a representative to Washington, and John, a clerk o£ the Osage Supreme court. Mr. and Mrs. Trumbly are excellent types of Osage descendants, both in physique and intelligence, and highly esteemed among their many friends. 86 JUDGE J. W. PETTTIT. Judge J. W. Pettlt and family are among the most prominent Osage Citizen. He Is descendant of the Osages and Cherokees, and his wife a;des- cendant of the Cherokees. Miss Lorinda Hampton, whose father was from- Tennessee. They were mrarled in 1870, near Talequah, I. T., but she was born near old Ft. Smith. They had eight children born to them, and si?:' still living, four sons, two at Hominy, and two at Pawhuska; and two slhgns daughters. Judge Pettlt has lived in his present home, three miles north-' east of Pawhuska, as shown in the cut, fourteen years, but 21 years, on the same farm, being seven years in a house, ilrst built by the government, a log house just in the rear of his present beautiful home. , He held the of- fice of Chief Justice of the Osage Nation for eleven years, and went twlcfi to Washington, D. C, as a repfesentative of his people. He served in the confederate army as a brave soldier In the border warfare and can relate Mass Nettie PetUt, the yotmgest andMlss Bell De Noya, a Daughter of Mir. Accomplished daughter of Frank De Noya, Sr. Judge J. W. Pettlt. many exciting experiences durig those years. He won his title of "Judge as chief of the Oscage Supreme Court, and has rendered other services of honor, and trust. He in one of the most successful farmers of rthe Nation, having an excellent Improved farm and cultured musical family, with true Southern Hospitality. He Is a m,an of great sociability and bright intelli- gence and high aspirations for his family and children. Once having en- joyed the welcome of their home you could quickly realize that it Is a higher type of an Osage citizen, home of unassuming but refined atmos- phere. Mrs. Pettlt is a\ fine type of the 19thi century ; elderly, , southern lady; and her children show the Impression of her influence. They own some of the finest farms of the Osage country. That of. Frank, near Hominy, is especially beautiful, and fertile. And unlike many otheit'a pf Osage de- scent, these young people are ambitious to exd^l. »7 J (Photo by Hargls) TSE UNITED STATES OSiAGE AGENCY Should space permit we would gladly give a sketch of the agents that have served at the post at Pawhuska, also an outline of the various reports of said agents, showing their ideas, progress and recommendations concerning the Osage nation, country and people. But so varied have these been that It would only show as many personal opinions, and very diverse figures on their terms of service. In the study of such figures the writer has never found two that gave just the same acreage and estimates of thee ondltion of the country. For instance, one says the "Osages own 1,600,195 acres of land which they pur- chased at 70 cents per acre." Another gives the reservation area as 1,470,055 acres, another report has it 1,500,000 acres, still another at 1,400,000 acres, and 32,000 square miles, etc. There is as much variance as to what these people have to their credit in the national treasury, ranging from $8,584,498 down to $8,000,000 and all sums for the annual Incomes from all leases not including interests, from $579,866 down, etc. Of course the population and annuities vary but not^their trust fund, while the interest is paid quarterly; but there has evi- dently been some guessing. The most of the agency buildings are shown in the cults.. The first council house was built In the '70's, was burned down during Hatiilson's administration, and immediately rebuilt in its present form, where thb Osage council, mostly fullbloods, meet every three months, or of tener If °^^?'J'®'^ *■* Council hall. The rest of the rooms are rented for offices. Judge Ya^iSi holds his courts here, where he offices. The agents' building is shown wiflii .the First National Bank building in cut on another page. The agents wEfoV^ftaye served are in order: Isaac T. Gibson, gyrus Beede, I>abon J. Miles, (t-^^cp appointed), and during the democratic administration Mr. Hoover, Cap- Mr. and Mrs. John W. Jtillen's Beautiful Cottage Home. Mr. Julien was bom and reared in Ohio till 18. He lived some years in Indiana, In Kansas City about 15 years, then came to Pawhuska, Oklahoma in '95 and has resided here since, where he has clerked for the Gibson Mercantile Company. He was a miller by trade but has railroaded and been an express agent for some years. His father was of French descent as the name Indicates. Julien, an ancestor escaped to America, after seeing his brother burned at the stake during the French inquisition. Mr. Julien married Miss Maria S. Seward of Indiana, in 1889. They have no children. Mrs. Julien was also a clerk for seven years In the millinery department In the same store. They have retired to spend the rest of life in their happy Pawhuska home. In a beautiful grove of fruit and ornamental trees. They are among the first and most honored residents of the town. . , tain Potter (U. S. A. officer), and P. Smith. Then Capt. Demsey (a TJ. S. A. officer), Col H. B. Freemen, O. A. Mitscher (of the Mltscher delegation to Wash- ington), and the present agent, Capt. Frank Frantz. During the enforcement of the Osage constitution and laws under their own officers the agent's duties were mainly to look after their financial interests, payments, education, schools etc., but since the assuming by .the government of these functions, the agent has absolute, authority in all matters pertaining to their control, except in cases of f elonous crime, etc. To him they come with all their business and domestic troubles, like children to a father. He Is looked upon as a foster father by all the Reservation Indians. To him they come with every sickness, pain or acci- dent, every little difficulty or encroachment of the advancing "pale faces," with every broken plow, wagon, harness and tender-footed pony, like a petted child comes to a compassionate father for sympahty and succor. Nor are they dis- appointed, for he watches over them with all the solicitude of such a father. He is fostering their rights and protecting their lands with a plausible dignity and pride. He has not been In the Agency long, but every Osage from Arkan- sas River to the Kansas line knows him well. The writer had the privilege of meeting him many times. He seems to be the right man to protect his Indian wards. The Residence of Dr. Geo. I/. Dunn, M. D., Main St. Dr. Geo. Dunn is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeous, St. Joe, Mo. He came from Nodaway county, Mo., in 1880, when a boy of 16. His father was a physician, also his other five brothers. He comes of a family of natural physicians for three generations or more. His father. Dr. Thomas J. Dunn, and uncle. Dr. Joseph B. Dunn, who is the oldest practicing physician among the Osage, came to this country in 18 80, and practiced together till Dr. T. J. Dunn's death in 1900. Dr. J. B. is still in the atcive practice, though advanced In years, and very successful in his profession Dr. Geo. Dunn has practiced medicine for 20 years in Kansas, old Oklahoma and the Osage, but mostly on the Osage reservation, where he has the marked distinction of being the most skilled in his profession. but through the unforseen forces of physically deteriorating effects that come to all at times, he has been confined to his room for 18 months, but is now growing stronger. Being constantly among the Osage citizens he nat- ur^lv selected one of the fairest daughters of their descent. Miss Dora Deforler daughter of Antolne and Julia Del Orier. They have three fine ;widren two girls and a boy, Ida May, Marie Agnes, aud John Timothy Dunn ThTir pretty cottage home is on east Main Street. Their many frlendB wish him a apeedy^faeovery. gn (Photo by Hargls) The Osage Agency because of the vast rig^/raZ^rrtr-c^rra^^^^^^^^^^^ L aS r^PonslWlity on the shoulders of any man and his clerks and dep- uties But X president and interior department knew a young but strong utles. But me P^^«^^°'"- ^ Frantz, who has filled the place most suc- ^ssfunfanfsatlsLct^rnyf^rtw"; years, and is now advanced to the govern- or's ch^r of the greate^^^^ all terrftorles, Oklahoma. The people of Pawhus- ka end^Tsed hi sappolntment by many cheers ol "Hurrah for Fraatz." and many demonstrations ^enthusiasm, because they feel he will make as good governor as^e has made an Indian Agent. Though regretting to lose h,s presenece in the Osage they believe his power will still be wielded for the Osage allotment and g^d ItTs said that he is of distant Swiss ancestry that his father was a native of Virginia and a democrat, that he ws born in Woolford county, Ill- inois May 7 1872, was educated at Erareka Christian College, (111.), where his brother-in-law R. B. Hleronymus was then and is now, president His family coming to Wellington. Kansas. Frank left college in his junior year, at 18, and came west. He made the run into the Cherokee Shrip In 1893, but later went to California, Arizona and New Mexico mining for four years. When the Span- ish-American war began' he left the Gold Note mine of Senator Hearst of Cal- ifornia, joined the Rough Riders. Troop A, at Prescott, Arizona, was commis- sioned first lieutenant by Governor McCord, went to Cuba, under Capt. CNeil and Col. Roosevelt. On Mr. O'Neil's death he was appointed captain of his company. All the world knows the rest. Roosevelt became president and Capt. Frantz has taken the gubernatorial reins of Oklahoma. It was said he was a democrat before the war, but never a partisan politician in any sense, and so much the better for that reason, and one in whom the people can have confidence. He is a most congenial, but frank officer and gentleman that any- one could enjoy meeting. He is as congenial, approachable and democratic in manner as he is conscious, frank and firm in the performance of official duty. And the writer, voicing the feeling of the Osage, wishes him success as governor. It is said of Mr. Frantz that, while the Rough Rider Regiment, of which President Roosevelt was Colonel, was charging up San Juan Hill with a bullet torn flag in one hand a sword in the other, he, as lieutenant, was leading his company, whose captain had fallen, to "the top of the hill." Hia colonel, Roosevelt, riding up, asked "Where is your captain." Amid the roar of cannon and flash of musketry and glimmer of sword, the answer echoed: "Dead." "Where are you going?" "To the top of the hill!" the lieutenant re- plied. Heroism and patriotic courage in such men surmounted the hill, and Roosevelt an'd Frantz are still pushing "to the top of the hill" in their service to the nation, both unassuming and altruistically modest. But the hills of highest honor in the American nation, are now scaled by the one who beckons the other still to come, and Frantz is coming, Mr. Roosevelt, coming "to the top of the hill," of true statesmanship. He was too modest to furnish the writ- er his cut for this book, but can not stop a pen sketch which he deserves, and you approve. Young men of the Osage! set your goal high! Stop not short of the top of the hill. Shoot at the sun, moon and stars, and you will never hit the lower regions of the earth, though you may not be able to count all bull's eyes in your long range marksmanship. There are higher hills for every aspir- ing hero of industry, economy, temperance, honesty and righteous ambition. Stand by your guns, draw your swords, fixing your eyes on the topmost ram- part of the highest hills, push on up its side, saying with Miller, "I'll try Sir;" with Lawrence, "Don't give up the ship," and answer Dewey, who said: "Tou may fire when you are ready!" W eare ready to fire, ready to march and keep marching. There are two stimuli to set before every man one, the hope of a home, wealth and independence through Industry, temperance and economy, the other a physical stimulus by intemperance and prodigality in pleasure-reaping pen- ury and commercial and social slavery as the reward. Young men, which wil/ you choose? Captain Frantz had an efficient corps of assistants in the following of- flers: A. W. Hurley, chief clerk; Ret Millard, leasing clerk; H. M. Isomer, W. M. Blake, Geo. Beauleau, Geo. LaMotte and Chas. Michelle, whose cut ap- pears herein, assistant clerks. Harry Kohpay, Interpreter, H. C. Ripley of Maine, trade supervisor; Chas. F. Leech, engineer; Wiley G. Haines, chief of Mr. Ret Milliard has been appointed agent to succeed Frantz. He Is well acquainted with the Osage people and weU fitted to direct their interests police, ana J. M. Way, M. D., government phyBlclan. ■■>.■■. , " : . . • ^ 90 Incorporated THE FIRST BANK OF SKIATOOK .-Capital $15,000. T. B. Smiley, Presidlent; Beeks Erick, Vlce-Preslflent; Chas. H. Nash, Cashier; Gray Erick, Ass't. Casliler. This bank was the first bank chartered for Sklatook. The president, T. B. Smiley is president of the Bank of Commerce at Tulsa, I. T. The vice-president, together with J. W. McLoud, are Interested in building the Midland Valley railroad. The cashier has been in the banking busi- ness for the past six years in Oklahoma and is thoroughly conversant with the business. All the men connected with this bank are men of banking experience and their aggregate wealth is near the $10(y,000 mark. Mr. Nash is both a commercial club and town officer, and a miin of power and push for the progress of the city. They do an extensive banking and no- tary, and some real estate business, and will give all homeseeKers a warm welcome to Skiatook, and some man among them is. a commercial muse as we find the following verse quite appropriate to this fertile section on the back of their envelopes: "Corn, cattle, hogs and hay Will simply take your breath away; While plenty of gas, coal and oil Lies beneath our fertile soil." Mrs. W. R. Beydler's Millinery Parlor, and the Office and Large Lumbei* Sheds of Dickason-Goodmaii I/nmber Co., Sklatook, Mr. W. T. Beydler, Mgr Mrs. Beydler is a native of the state of Iowa, but has lived in Nebraska where she studied and followed the art of millinery for several years. She now conducts a millinery business here and draws a patronage from a long distance in the Cherokee and Osage country. She has a beautiful display of hats in her parlor, and is one of the most pleasant ladies in her home and artistic profession. Her husband conducts the Dlckason-Goodnmn Lumber Co. offloe just next door, as shown in the cut. They lived for some time in Pawhuska where he managed the lumber lard of Dickason-Good- man Lumber Co., there before becoming their manager here. Mr. Beydler was born in Cedar county. Mo., February 18, 1872, moved to Boone coun- ty, Nebraska, in 1891; was engaged In the lumber business with the Edward and Bradford Lumber Co., in Albion, same state in 1899, since which time for the Dldkason- Goodman Lumber Co., who have a number of yards in the territory, with main offices at Tulsa, I. T. Mr. B«yaier Is an ex- cellent young man, of good business ability and successful as a manager, a good citizen, and a happy husband of a most amiable, artistic wife. They evidently cnmbine business with love. SI SKIATOOK, I. T. (Named froma full-blood Cherokee Chief.) This beautiful town has lately passed her first birthday, the lots being sold oh December 19th, 1904, in which the highest price paid for one lot was $300, and now worth several times that amount, for the town is fast becoming a "fine trading point, for not only the rich valley or prairte sur- rounded it, but for a large extent of the eastern Osage. A late census showed a populaton of 400. It has a pubic school under the efficent teaching of Mr. D. C. Quay, and C. H. Mehlhorn, with about 80 pupils. "While no church house has been built, two or three denominations have held services here, and a house will soon be built. An intelligent and ex- cellent class of people have established this town. You can find all classes of business represented here, without going elsewhere when in need of anything. Skiatook has four general mer- chandise stores that would be a credit to a much larger town, besides three lumber yards, two banks, a racket store, two hardware and furniture stores, two drug stores, a meat market, livery barn, harness shop, three hotels, a bakery, two barber shops, confectionaries, blacksmith shops, feed mill, mill and elevator, two millinery stores and all other lines of business. The town was incorporated at a cost of $100, defrayed by the Com- mercial Club of 50 active members, organized March 3, 1905, only three months after lot sale, with an excellent set of officers: A.E. Townsend, mayor and ex-officio Justice of the Peace; F. C. Bell, recorder; C. H. Nash treasurer; Joseph Mercer, marshal; and C. H. Cleveland, A. K. .Feig- ley, F. Lynde, J. W. Thompson, and L. A. Tyler, aldermen. The club with Mr. Cleveland, vice president; G. M. Janeway, secretary, and A. K. Feigley, treasurer, is doing much for the trade of the town by improving the roads into town, and done much for their town in various lines of Inducing im- igration to this point. They know what the best advertising ca do for a town that has her resources to place before home seekers. The writer Main Street, Sldatook. I. T., Looking East Fi-om Midland Valley Depot. sincerely thanks the energetic people who readily expressed their inter- est in this book, and regrets that owing to the need of a photographer to take the views, he cannot show many of the better buildings and surrounding rich farms, orchards, alfalfa fields, beautiful native hay meadows for which this section is noted. The fine stone farm houses and farms of Mrs. Jane Appleby, and daughter Mrs. Alph Hoots, of Tulsa, are near Skiatook. She is said to be a most intelligent and inter- esting old lady of Osage citizenship and the most wealthy. Along the valley of Bird Creek in the Osage nation, Mr. Jno. Lundy, Jim Perrier, Ed. Fox, Geo. Bradshaw, and Mrs. Blic Davis, and Richard Tinker, have rich farms. "W. C. Rogers, chief of the Cherokees, has a most fertile and beautiful farm joining the Osage, where old Skiatook P. O., and his store was located. Mrs. Sophia Davis who lives two and one-half miles from town is the daughter of Augustus Chouteau, (French) and Roselle Lom- bard, who was half Osage. She married Mr. Davis, of Illinois, eighteen years ago, who was for 20 years a successful farmer and stockman. She has a fine farm and orchard, but no children except an adopted daughter, Mary, bright, blond girl, who lately married Mr. Ed. Hruner. Mr and Mrs. Ed. Fox are also Improving a fertile farm two miles from Skiatook. She is the daugher of Grandmother Mosier, and most hospitable people. Mr. H. C. Gilmore, of Pawhuska, owns the land surrounding the Midlanu "Valley depot, nerly a quarter from the center of Skiatook. He has a most choice location. The Midland Valley Co. has leased considerable land for 99 years and established their material yards, and built offices, and will make a^ division here or at Pawhuska, which would be a boon to either place as the' road has experienced progressive men to run it. A LAJf» ESPECJIAliLY INVITING TO HIGH CLASS YOUNG PEOPUB This section of the territories Is the "Primlsed Land" for young peo- ple of ability, industrious, energetic habits, temperate, economical and aspiring to do and be above the ordinary. They have been settled largely by younger men and their chosen brides, who have come and are now coming to enter upon their business and professional careers, to make a mark in life, and lay the foundations of future fortunes. The writer can fully endorse the words read from the St. Louis Mirror: The Territory is a land which invites young men who are wide awake and ambitious; that are not afraid to work, and have a well balanced mind and heart. It is a decidedly more promising country to grow up with than far- offl Manitoba or British Columbia, where winters are long and days of sunshine lew in numbers." We certainly have the natural advantages of a salubrious climate combined with all the resources of soil, minerals and commercial de- velopment. Most of the men of large business Interests have come with empty hands but ready to grasp every opportunity for progress and their rapid rise to their present business standing fully coroborates the often demonstrated fact that a young man's most secure capital in beginning life's career Is Industry, economy, temperance and honesty; virtues, which if brought to the territory, are the only essential capital stock needed for beginning a prosperous life and beautiful homes. THE AIMED RACES OR INTERMARRIED FAMILIES Many have become allied, through marriage, with the more educated, re- fined and thrifty sons and daughters of the natives and thus combined love with business have become heirs to broad and fertile farms and herds of fat cattle. And perhaps the time will come, if not now at hand, when the Cau- casian lad or lassie may be envied because they have won the hearts and full hands of the more dusky children of this lovely, fertile and sunny land. Many of the finest types of manhood and womanhood are found among the posterity of the allied pale and tinted races. The primitive families of the forests and plains have all the resources of wealth, and these, combined with the science and push of a Christian civilization, will make the Osage as a blooming garden of beautiful children, flowers and fruits. Many of the natives have risen to political and social influence and wealth. Many of the leading families of the Osages live in Pawhuska and the other towns of the Reservation where they have beautiful, costly homes, as shown in the cuts of this book. These dwellings are often furnished ele- gantly, with costly pianos, fine rugs, tapestries, Axminlsters and best quality of ingrains and Brussels carpet, etc. Many of them have their servants, working girls In the homes and hired men upon their farms. Many have commodious barns with fine "turnouts," costly carriages and high-bred horses. In short they are a people of wealth and many luxuries, having much money but spending it freely for whatever is desired and enjoyed, with few exceptions among the more economical classes. Some of the citizen (intermarried) people and most Of the full-bloods keep but little or no money ahead, often spending it in credit beforfe the quarterly payments, by a credit-card system, issuel them by the agent, which limits the credit, that business men of merchants may give to only 60 per cent of the next quarterly payment, about $25 to $30 credit for every man, woman and child, every ninety days, unless the' merchant, as is often done credits more at his own risk. And the degree of honesty varies no more with these people, from the writer's estimate than among the most highly cultured commercial com- munities. Many of the full bloods are exceptionally honest, and proud of it. It may be of Interest to the reader to give here a sketch of the most pe- culiar, eccentric character among the full-blood Indians. John Stink, who is said to have been once, the richest Osage in ponies, formerly Indian wealth, and was looked upon with special honor because of his many ponies. The story goes that one time he died, as his friends supposed, and was burled ac- cording to Osage custom, half reclining, as if sitting back In a rocking chair, and covered with a monument of stones, around and above him, on top of the ground. But John was not dead, but in a dormant condition, a breathless trance. He soon revived and threw off his stone tomb and came back to camp; but the rest thought he had returned from the other world and would have nothing to do with him thereafter. Because of his queer actions they con- 93 Dr. Sheafe was born In Ottumwa, Iowa, December IB, 1866, and educat- ed at the Southern Iowa Normal: Bloomfleld, took a medical course at the State University of Iowa, from which he graduated in 1892, then practiced medicine at Riverside, Iowa, till 1902. From there he moved to Oklahoma, then to, Skiatook, March 1st, 1905. In 1905 he joined the In- ternational Medical Congress at Paris and during the same year traveled over Europe, visited Turkey, Greece, Palestine and Egypt, thus adding to his broad professional culture and schooling, and all-round man, a K. P. and good physician with a growing practice. Dr. Jos. Staeafe. Interior View of Felgjley's Department Store, A. K. Felgley and Son, (H. !;.) Mr. Feigley and son came to Skiatook from Elkhart, Ind., where they ran the Elkhart Department Store, but were formerly of Bloominngton, Nebraska, where they conducted a department store for twenty-flve years. They started in business in Skiatook, February 1st, 1905, own their build- ing of two stories and 184 fet deep. They carry a complete line of up-to- date line of merchandise to supply the railroad, oil and farmers' trade; but carry an exceptionally fine line of shoes and gents' furnishing goods. They are excellent men to help make an ever-growing, prosperous town, broadly experienced in selling goods since 1882, and most pleasant gentle- men to meet. Mr. Al Feigley is prominently connected with the town and commercial club. Meet them at the corner of Main and Broadway. 94 sidered him crazy, possessed of an evil spirit, ran him off and took his ponies and all he had from him. John has never owned a pony since, nor anything else except a big knife, frying pan, tin plate, tin cans, etc., for camping in the woods without tent or shelter, when not in town. He has become a swift walker quite equal to the ordinary horse, his only exercise; sometimes walk- ing as far ae Gray Horse and back to Pawhuska in a short time. McL,aughlln and Farrar, old merchants here, made an greement to keep John in food, clothing (blnkets mostly), for his payments. In front of their store he sits or lies much of his time both day and night, and to all salutations simply re- plies in a good natured way: "Ugh!" Many times late at night the writer has found him asleep in the recess of the store room door or during warmer nights, on the sidewalk, scorning all invitations to inside lodging. Here he eats and sleeps, as happy as a fat pig; and just as contented, seemingly taking for his motto: "If Ignorance and dirt is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise," and clean. He is said to be so honest that thesemerchants often invite him in winter to sleep in their store, but — John prefers the sidewa,lk and natural elements. On re- ceiving part of his payments he carries It wrapped in a bandana handkerchief. When he buys a meal or lunch to eat, he unfolds his bandana money bag and Sijnakes signs or says in Osage, as he never speaks English: "How much i&cost?) Take!" He is perfectly peaceful and molests neither persons nor any- thing, but carries a big knife which he brings into service when harassed by another. When missed from town he is perhaps off at his forest camp-fire, eating, and after hiding or hanging up his scant outfit, returns to town, where he sits, lies or moves about in silence, having nothing to say to whites nor full- bloods, but seldom falls to recognize a greeting in his indifferent mood. By all these peculiarities he doubtless Incited the epithet John Stink, but whei^lt was first bestowed or what his name In native dialect we are unable to state. He will not allow the camera or kodak to invade his physlogonomy, quickly snatching his blanket over his face or turning away. But by chance Mr. W. G. Hargis, having his camera ready caught him unawares, as he was exhort- . ed to look around from the steps of Mr. Monk's drug store, where you see hin. standing. His own people think him as much a freak of nature as do strangers. But with all the peculiarities of these people they are in general a noble type of full-blood, and when allied by marriage with the better class of other races make as fine a type physically and mentally, under right education and training as you could find anywhere. In fact some of the last century claim that the highest development of the human race can only be attained by the Intermarriage of the best types of all races, according to the laws of natural affinity and high intelligence. And the posterity of least diverging, allied races, seem to sustain the theory. Many of the greatest men and women of every age have been the off-spring of intermarried nationalities. It Is claimed that the great Japanese generals, Oyama and Oku, eliminated, are in fact of Irish and Japanese descent; that O'Yama and O'Keough, were the first spelling of these names. Irishmen in the Elizabeth period having been shipwrecked and cast adrift in the Philippines, found their way to Japan, became military men, in- termarried with natives, Patrick O'Yama handing down the lineage of Field Marshal Oyama, the Napoleon of the Japs, and the name O'Keough, being of difficult spelling was eliminated to Oku. (Note— This is given as a newspaper report). There are some fine people of Irish descent among the Osage citizens, also English, some German and other nationalities. But those of French an- cestry, as the biographical sketches show, are largely in the majority. The writer would have no one think that he is an advocate of social equal- ity of the races under all circumstances, far from it except upon a basis of individual fltne.«-B and merit, and not extremes In color. The broadest social equality betwe€ i races and families widely different in habits and life, can only be an individual matter at best. But it is not alone a question of color. The natural laws of God among a million species and retro-volution and evolution of unrecorded ages and above all, the law of the survival and improvement of the fittest deems It so. Mr. James Bigheart, a former chief, while before the allotment committee in Washington, paid a high tribute to the better classes of Osage citizens when he said: "Well, as it stands, and fro what I have observed, (etc., etc.) the most intelligent persons have the best land and most of it, either in farming lands or pasture, and it seems to me in the case of minerals, too," etc: Of 95 WHlTNlSy HOTELS MAIN ST. AND IjELAKD. Mr. G. A. Whitney, Proprietor. There are three hotels in Skiatook, two of which are conducted by Mr. Whitney. He is an old hoted man of ten years experience. He is a native of New York state. He is well adapted to the hotel business by nature and experience. Nature does a gre4t deal for a man when they select what they are most naturally fitted for, and here lies much of the secret of success in all professions and business. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney conduct a good restaurant and cafe with the hotel, so it Is both European and American plan.. They are opening another FIRST CXiASS HOTEIL, THE LELiAJVD, just a little northeast of the depot, where they will make a specialty of the commercial trade, but will continue their $1.25 per day house and restaurant and cafe at the old stand on Main Street, where they now keep one of the best houses for the rate in the territory. He meets all trains and shows the traveler every necessity and congenial court- esy. The central long distance phone is located in his office.. He formerly reflted the New State Hotel in Tulsa, I. T., but came to the rapidly growing town of Skiatook, to which he adds much interest. TOWiNSEND, SUIjIjIVAN & CO., GENERAL MERCHANTS, 17 North Broadway, Skiatook. Townsend, Sullivan & Co., a cut of whose business house appears here- with is one of the leading firms of Skiatook, doing a g^sneral mercantile business. Mr. A. E. Townsend, the senior member of the firm, is mayor of. the town and one of the most public spirited men in the territory, and enthusiastic in the growth of his town. He is from Massachuusetts, and a typical New England gentleman; and has a cottage home, (see cut), and a family. His partner, Mr. H. C. Sullivan, is a native of Pennsylvania, and a young man of excellent business ability. They have done business In Ohio and Tennessee, contracting on government locks on the Cumberland river. They have been established in business here since the early part of 1905, soon after' the town was built. They deal in all kind«y or produce and farm machinery, coal, etc. They are both members of me commercial club and have an increasing trade from far into the Oai.ee. A few such citizens can make any town prosperous and elevate its social, commercial and civil life. Mr. Townsend, by virtue of his office as mayor, holds the only court in this section at present. THE CITY BARBER SHOP. B. M. Daniel of Nj Y., and E. H. Haddock, of the Cherokee Nation. established a nicely-equipped, up-to-date shop in Skiatook during the sum- mer of this year, 1905, and are doing a good business. Both are young men and will add energy to the commercial interests of the town. As in many other towns of the territory. Skiatook business is conducted largely by young men, just establishing themselves in all the trades, ana professions. These young mene are highly deserving of all patronage. As the country develops they will become the leading tradesmen and professional men of the new state. Every young man should be encouraged to start In business for himself as early in life as cnsistent with his judgmen\i, and such are especially deserving of our constant patronage and encouragement. kL-i 96 (Photo by Hargls) course I do not know absolutely, but I am convinced from my knowledge of the situation tliat these intelligent ones are gettmg the best entries in our country, both as to farming lands and minerals. • • • The intelUgent ones — 1 mean of course, the half- breeas— would get the best lands." In this he expressed, perhaps unawares, the supremest law of nature, and nature's God, the Great Spirit. "Tne sui'vival of the niiest." Christ passed judgment under the same law, in solemn accents: "Jie tnat naih, to him sxiaii oe given, and he that hath not, even that which he hath snail be taken form him and given to him that hath and he shall have more aoundant." And this was not spoken con- cerning intellectual and spirimal self-assertion and reward; but equally true oif economics, temperance, ana industrial development, and honest increase. In the alliance of the races lies much of the secret of the intelligence and thrift referred to by Bigheart. This law and fact will in future years raise most of the primitive American race to the class of the intelligent ones of in- dustry, economy and progress. In being chief of the Usages he acquired much knowledge and experience by years of contact with the indomitable energy of business men and intermarried citizens. The taxable property of these men in. the Osage, as assesed by Pawnee county, not including Indian property has run up to three and nearly a quarter million dollars. This law on: commercial conquest is bringing the Osage millions of dollars in annuities that would never come otherwise. From a quarter to a half miliion dollars per year for min- eral, pasture and other leases, is no mean sum for l,yoo people who have not to turn their hands, but only hold them for the golden fruits of their fields and groves to fill them fuU, as industrial development shakes the trees. The more broken, rocky hills may appear to the home-seeker valuable only for grazing. But the oil lessees' drill has already placed some of these next in value to those of "apinle Top" in a stretch of Texas swamps, or Sour Lake, fed by mineral springs, in the edge of a poorly timbered forest bordering a broad ex- panse o£ desolate prairie, where land before went begging for $5 or $10 per acre, soon sold for as many thousands. The "Shoestring" district of 17 acres were drained of {.75,000; another tract of 850 acres sold for $900,000 before a single hole was drilled. Cities grew to 10,000 in a short time where naught but pine or scrub oaks stood before. Uf the 120,000,000 barrels of oil produced in 1904, the southwest fields supplied over half. Oil derricks mark the belt from the Mississippi clear into the foaming waters of the Pacific in Southern California. The Osage is in this belt and there are fine prospects that her nearly 30,000 square miles surface may sometime be worth less than her stores of mineral beneath. The creative hand strikes an equilibrium of benefits, blessings and wealth everywhere. Many of the allied families have become wealthy by farming and stock raising, making thousands of dollars from these sources besides the quarterly payments and annuities. Even the full-bloods of the most thrifty class, have good incomes from their improved or cultivated farms. It is said that one of them received $800 from the sale of one-third of the crop grown on his farm, and there are many such instances among the mixed bloods and intermarried citizens. Many of the finer farms lie along the Arkansas Valley and the streams leading into it. But all over the Reservation are many fertile and im- proved farms. There will be near 200 acres of excellent land for every one of those having a right, numbering about 1,900, besides 600 to 700 acres each of poorer lands, much of it being hilly and rocky. Not more so however, than many states that are considered fine agricultural states, such as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Southern Missouri, North Carolina and others. Wm. a Curtis, writing of the Curtis bill, says: "Storng pressure will be brought upon congress during this session to enact a law for the allotment in severalty of the lands belonging to the Osages. Of the 1,470,065 acres In their reservation, he says, 40 per cent is timber (on bottom and hill lands) and 60 per cent prairie; and only 100,000 acres are now under cultivation or pastur- age by the Osages themselves, leaving 1.370,055 leased to white ranchmen for grazing purposes." The acreage in these statements is only approximate but near enough for practical purposes. ' This country has been the cattleman's pardise and many have made small fortunes on lands leased for grazing. The winters are mostly mild and short enabling stock to live on native grasses, bluestem and other varieties which mostly grow in abundance in ordinary seasons. The farmers can cut nlentv of hay by only leaving part of the land unplowed. 97 k; taELE HABijOW IJVERY AK1> BOAKDlNG BAKN — SiaATOOK John Harlow. Proprietor. Mr. Harlow was formely in Texas bbut has been in the Osage about 17 years, as a successful farmer and stockman, till he went into business in Sklatook. conduucting the only livery in town, where he has built a beautiful cottage home. He married Miss Fine Jim, one of the best types of part Osage lady, a half sister of Mrs. John Daniel, who is equally as comely, and lives next door in a like model of a cottage home. Mr. and Mrs. Harlow have one bright child, the pride of both. Their fine farm is located on Bull Creek, about 16 miles from town. He is a congenial, ac- commodating, energetic business young man, and good citizen. Mr. John Daniel, a brother-in-law, and also a leading citizen farmer and stockman, is a native of the Sunflower state but has been in the Osage about the same time as Mr. Harlow. He married in 1892 Miss Sophia Perrier, of a prominent French-citizen family, mentioned in treaties. They have four fine specimens of children and some excellent farm lands on Delaware cheek. The failure of artist to send views prevents cuts of these homes appearing herein. These men will add much to the prosperity of Sklatook, which they have chosen for their home. ■ jj.««„e. Sweet Home" of Riohard Tinker and His Wife. Richard Tinker, whose first home after his marriage Is shown in this unique picture is a son of Frank Tinker, of Pawhuska. He is a young man of more than ordinary native ability. He married Miss Minnie Voila Spy- buck, a young lady of the Delawares. He was schooled at St. John's Cath- olic school near Gray Horse. She was educated in the Friends School, or Sklatook Mission. She is a model little housekeeper, and their cozy little home is kept like a parlor. She is a high and cultured type of her race. They have lived here since their marriage, January 27, 1903. In the fore- ground of this antique government-built log house, is a historical well with its triangular poles for the well bucket. And in the ba-cRground is one of the finest of orchards of apples, peaches, pears, and cherries of large size. This Is one of the most fertile farms in Bird Creek Valley, and Mr. Tinker will soon build a fine home. His wife's parents, Henry and Mary Spybuck, were French, Delaware and Shawnee by descent. These two young people are happy in their first home, which formerly belonged to Mrs. Ad- line Mosier, his grandmother, who gave it to him, as a wedding gift. She is one of the most typical and honored old ladies among the Osage, and spends some of her time, with Richard and her daughter, Mrs. Ed Fox. 98 Besides the pasture leases which cover most all untilled land, there are mineral leases, ocvering the same lands thus giving a double income from all the lands so leased. One much discussed lease was granted by Hblie Smith, March, 1896, while secretary of the Interior, to Ed. B. Foster, of New York, covering the entire reservation. For this he was to pay the Osages a royalty of 10 per cent of all oil produced and $50 pearly for each gas well utilized. Though a valuable lease. Poster did nothing with it for nearly five years. But in iaOO began to sublet it to practical oil developers who soon raised the Osage royalty to about $150,000 a year, till E. B. Foster died, and his son, F. B. Foster assigned the entire lease to the ndian Territory Illuminating Oil and Gas Co., who paid him from 16 to 17 per cent royalty; leaving him a net profit of 6 or 7 per cent, after paying the Osage 10 per cent. He made from $50,000 to $100,000 each year. Their lease expires March, 1906, but the lessees declining to renew it, besieged congress to pass a bill by which they get an extension for ten years longer, and the president to fix the terms, who after investigation issued orders for the comi>any to pay one-eighth of the value of all oil produced and $100 per annum for each gas well in use — an increase of 2% per cent royalty and $50 more for each gas welL Add to these the moneys coming in from railroad rlg)it of kays, the town-lot sales an dother franchises, and the reader can easi- ly see how immensely rich per capita these people are becoming. Besides the common fund, the "more intelligent ones" have hundreds, some thousands of dollars annual income from their farms, leased to white men, while others make still more by cultivating their own selected and Improved lands. One cultured lady, Mrs. awrence, who owns a beautiful farm some 20 miles west of Pawhuska, related that she had received as high as $1,200 cash rent one year and many others do as well, hence no danger of ever suffering. Through development how different the full-blood income now from a few years ago when their lands were leased as low as from 3 to 20 cents per acre, and later from 25 to 61 cents, for the best. Scarcely one-fourth of all the tilla- ble land is under cultivation. All the arable land well cultivated would bring in from $10 to $60 per acre, thus marvelously increasing the allottees' income. Hence the full-Woods have much to gain and nothing to lose toy alloting their lands, which should! be done at once. . If the allotment bill when passed, con- tains a provision that all shall share in the mineral wealth for 21 or 25 years, as the first bill passed in the house, but defeated in the senate, last congress provided, then no one need fear being worsted from this proviso unless the nation as a whole should get far too little royalty to justify alien or corporation leases, which may be true or not according to the quality and quantity of min- eral found. At any rate, BIgheart's "most Intelligent ones" are the only par- ties gaining by the present condition of undivided lands. And In many in- stances even they may lose through the death of one who has improved lands which the less "intelligent" ones may gain by alloting. But this evil is small in comparison with the unsettled condition of the people, becaus eof a commun- ity of possession. The former classes Improve and increase In wealth and num- bers, the latter decrease in numbers and increase in poverty ultimately by pro- digality, leisure and Inveterate gambling for which many full-bloods are noted. Many of them and some part-bloods, assemble in crowds in their homes, or tents as the case may be including the women, and gamble for days and nights with cards or in other ways, after each payment. They stake small sums of five and ten cents, generally, but keep at It till all Is lost or won. The writer has seen squals sitting on the floor or ground in Indian villages with piles of nickels or dimes In purses or laps, the smaller sums, seeming to be preferred because of the more time or games they afford for play. The alloting of the land to the Indians and the future exchange of their tribal government to that of a state, will eventually bury the coveted tradl- . tional history of the Osage and finally extinguish the full-blooa »«ce. This is the Idea that one of the oldest citizens expresses. It Indicates with what ador- ation and unyielding tenacity the Indian races hold on to their old habits and traditions of life and fear extermination by the advance of the white race. But the higher the development of civil, and sodal life, the less danger of the extlc- tion of the prlinltlve race. They are only engrafted by the intellectually domi- nant progressive races. The publisher would reprint the entire bill Introduced last session of con- gress, but that can be gotten from congressional records. As It did not pass the senate an outline Is all sufficient 1 nthls brief treatise. It provides that 99 I & I i 8 S 100 "each duly enrolled member of the Osage Reservation, Oklahoma, should be permitted to select a homestead of 160 acres, and that the remaining- lands (ex- cept certain tracts reserved for the common use of the Indians, for townsite and school purposes) should be alloted equally to members of the tribe by a com- mission to be appointed in accordance with the provisions of the bill. Doubt- less a similar bill will soon be introduced in the present congress, and the In- dian office does not know of any strong preasure against it. Perhaps the greatest objection that might be raised to that bill was the provision that the allotments of all these people should be Inalienable for 25 years, which should apply only to those cjearly incapable of conducting their own business to the good ofth emselves and posterity. There are a thou- sand citizens and many full-bloods among the Osage that are as capable ol caring for their own interests as the senators and congressmen from the states, making such provisions as concerns them entirely unnecessary, and should have all the rights of free action accorded every other American citizen. But from another important principle this is a wise provision; for every poor man might wisely be given at least cost to the government some space of land, however small, to have and hold as a homestead inalienable, for himself and family, and be required to keep the same till exchanged for some other spot for like purpose. But these people are not poor, literally, and no prospect of ever be- ing poor so long as "Uncle Sam" holds the less intelligent ones shares in money and pays them 5 per cent interest quarterly. '^The intelligent ones" can use their moneys with greater increase than 5 per cent. And in the words of Mr. Curtis: "There seems to be no reason why the land should not be divided and the resei'vation opened to settlement. It is rapidly increasing in value; so that when it is sold the wealth of the tribe will be enormously increased. Reserv- ing for each individual man, woman and child an allotment of 160 acres, or a total of 304,000 acres for the entire tribe, 1,166,000 acres will remain to be dis- posed of. If they bring an average of $25 an acre the proceeds will be $25,150,- 000. Adding this to the $8,372,427 now to the credit of the Osages in the United States treasury, their trust will reach a total of $37,522,427, an average of nearly $20,000 for each member of the tribe, which would bear an income of the tribe, which would bear an Income of $1,000 more or less, according to the interest allowed by the government. Thus a family of five would have a permanent income of $5,000 "a year and a farm of 800 acres. There is no community in the world BO rich as this, and no member of the tribe will ever be compelled to work for a living unless he squanders his fortune. By the census of 1904 they numbered altogether 1,895 souls, of whom 808 were full bloods and the remain- der mixed with the whites; 846 are men and 949 are women of all ages, and 910 of both sexes are under 18 years of age. The mixed and full-bloods have equal rights in the tribal property and will participate in the distribution when- ever it occurs, with the following strange exceptions: BIGHT OF INHERITANCE AS APPLIED With all this wealth there there is a law or ruling for some years past discriminating against the children of white men married to Osage women or their descendants. The writer has not traced this ruling to its origin, ex- cept the report of others. It seems that the first act governing the rights of child-citizenship, or inheritance among some Indian tribes, perhaps, the Sioux or Omaha, was passed in 1887 declaring that the child's rights would fol- low the father. Another Act in 1897, construing or amending the act of 1887, decreed that children born of white fathers prior to that was to follow the mother, but made no provisions for the lineal rights of those born subsequent to that date. For some reason those Acts, first Intended to meet conditions among other Indians have been applied to the Osages without tribal enactment or solicitation to enforce such a construction. Many of the children of white men intermarried prior to 1897, were for some time excluded from sharing In the tribal funds, but by legal contest was again placed upon the rolls and draw their per capita share. Their fathers, however, have no personal rights in such funds except to use them for the keeping and good of his children, born of mothers of Osage lineage. Those born of Osage mothers wed to white men since that date draw nothing except, (as is said) she be a full-blood, though the children of Caucasian mothers and 32nd degree of Osage fathers inherit a right to draw and allot. If this be the construction and enforcement of any law, it is prima fade, a Verv un.iust One. It nartakes of medieval and ancient dustam^ or inherit- Mr. Geo. BradSbaw. Mr. Geo. Bradshaw, one of the most prosperous fanners In the Osage was formerly, from Michigan, but lived in Kansas for some years before settling In the Osage country, about 1890. He married into one of the most prominent families of the Osage citizens. Mrs. Bradshaw was the daughter of Thos. Mosler, the national Interpreter at Pawhuska. They were married in the old Catholic church, when It stood west of Bird Greek, in Pawhuska. They have seven fine chlldrent and have selected a most excellent allotment for each of them, three boys and four girls, from one to thirteen years of age. Her mother, Mrs. Mosler, is Osage by adoption into the tribe. She was Miss Adllne Perrier, of French lineage. Thomas Mo- sler, her husband, was only one-eighth Osage. Mr. Bradshaw has his allot- ment near Skiatook, and on Hominy creek. He has lately built a beautiful residence on his wife's allotment, four miles north of Skiatook, a cut of which appears on another page. The rear of the house is one of the old government hewn log houses, which still stand all over the Osage country. This home stands near the -Midland Valley tracks, and is surrounded by a most fertile farm, well improved with orchards, barns, etc. This is a most excellent, hospitable family. Mr. Bradshaw is a brother of Will, of Pawhuska, and Is one of the best farmers and stockmen of the Osage, an energetic business man, and a devoted husband and father, feeling great pride in his rosy children. Beautiful Skiatook Home. Jno. Javlne's Beautiful Home. Mr. Javine, the subject of this sketch is only part Osage, the nephew of Mrs. Adeline Mosler. He grew up among the Osage but has traveled extensively In the west. He has been a successful farmer and stockman for some years owning an excellent farm about 2% miles west of Skiatook with a fine two story house and large orchard which alone yields a profit of over $500 per year. It Is claimed that this orchard produces the finest apples and peach- es in the Osage. His home in Sky- took is one of the most elegant In town. He was in the meat market business but has close dout in order to give more of attention . to his ranch. He first married Miss Emma Haynie in 1886 who was the mother of five child- ren, three girls and two boys, after the death of his first wife he married Mrs. Ollle McCoskey who died in 1903, without any children by her last mar- riage but one by her first husband. Miss May who wed Mr. James Long. They still make their home with her step father, Mr. Jovlne, who Is of one of the leading families of the Osafge and one of their best citizens. GRAY HORSB. This village, and trading point was named after an Indian t* — once an important point with some large stores doin<;«, t.^«. J* ^^ in the midst of a fine agricultutral and grazing counfr^ adoXT'.^K'","'"' dwellings. But with the coming of the Iron hor^etT ft^Xt« ri ^""^^ and travel Gray Horse almost bodily moved to the new ln^n« '""^'■v' railroads, even taking their store and oottl^e bulldines t^ PMrf„T"J'*' Mr. John Florer with his store and beautlfTcotTage Tome ^ "'^'^ To hold this once commercial stronghold. He is ona nf tfc» «ij . x dian traders among the Osage, living amone th«™ r„l one of the oldest In- and most familiar^with t^efr h Jto^Tna fife "^From f^h'o;^*" \r"*"^^ Plorer is a most energetic, successf^ business" manTnd a con.ri!!^"'' ^'■ man who will long hold the big trade he stlU enjoys and k«!^ o,.*^^"Vi?' sacred memories of the former glowing dreams of G^y Horse "^ """^ **" 102 ■^J ance in which woman was oonslderel a little above the slave, with no rights of inheritance for herself or children, except through her lord. All of equal degree of Osage ancestry should share equally In their common funds, especially so when they are resources of God-created wealth, not made by ancestral skill and labor. The ancestry on the mothers side is always absolute and certain. It cannot be equallly certain of the father's side. Hence the greater injustice of disinheriting the child of any degree of Osage mother. Here lies the possi- bility of a plume in some one legal cap before allotment. It should be changed. Nor has the writer heard one Osage or citizen claim justice for the law or rul- ing; but many expressions against it. In the provisions lately drawn up, Feb. 6, 1906, by a committee composed of the Chief, O-lo-ho-wal-la (•), and Aeistant Chief Bacon Rind (*), and Jas. Blgheart (•), Ne-kah-wah-she-tan-kah, Black Dog (•), W. T. Mosier, Frank Corndropper (•), C. N. Prudom (*), W. T. Leahy (*), Peter Blgheart, J. F. Palmer, and Tow-ah-hee, selected by chief to draft allotment resolutions unanimously adopted, 9 articles of which, the ninth con- tains this bighearted clause. That provision be made for the enrollment of the children of white fathers the issue of marriage, contracted since June 7, 1897, provided, their mothers are entitled to enrollment. "This is a noble and just provision that should prevail, and shows honor to many of the best mothers of the Osage people. The above men, (*), and O-lah-hah-moi, Min-ke-wah-ti-an- he, and Moh-e-kah-mol, composed the delegation of ten invited to Washington by letter from the Indian Commissioner, to look after the Osage interests and prospective allotment bill. It will neither keep an honorable, aspiring man from wedding an Osage girl or lady, for he marries for natural affinity and love. Nor will it deter a dishonorable man, and mere money seeker from so doing, as her share would be inducement enough, if she were indiscriminate enough to receive the offered hand, not heart, of such a man. Some of the best educated full-bloods, or even the least cultured might be far too good for such a one. A news paper reporting says: "Two views of Indians." A former agent describes the Osage as "a mild mannered, good humored, contented sort of a. fellow, with an appetite for something good to eat and plenty of it. He has a good opinion of himself and is ever jealous of his honor and integri- ty. 'The mixed bloods predominate and some of them are shrewd and pro- gressive; but like many of their red brothers, the appetite of some of the Osages for liquor is insatiable. Still, I do not believe that there is any mo*e liquor drinking among them than there is among other residents of the United States, taking the population throughout." Others not so charitable to the men as the women also say: "Every- body speaks well of the women, as being honest, industrious, modest and intelligent; and with a little training they make excellent housewives. Rut the men, as a rule, are lazy, drunken, stupid loafers, who are found of sport but hate work, and prefer to hire white and negro laborers to cui- tivate their farms, as they are perfectly able to do." We do not think the last view as true as the first. Tet more cor- rect perhaps of the women than the men. For the Osage women are widely praised for virtue, and their descendants, also, where not too much possessed of the modern ideas of society life. "Uncle Joseph Revard," a noble old gentleman, is authority for the statement that only one Osage girl was ever known to become a mother out of wedlock, and only one other was ever known to lead a life of public infamy, and she was ban- ished from camp and her food carried to her at a distance, too con- taminated to live in contact with other females. And men of that charac- ter were treated with greater severity before the days of their more liberal civilization. In their catalogue of sins the one most punished for disobe- dience against the Great Spirit was adultry on the part of the njiale who was administered 100 lashes. The public female was ostracised from camp and association with the virtuous of her sex, and the men known to associate with her received severe punishment. From time immemorial among them a man using force with a virtuous woman was punished by 100 lashes, equal to a death sentence. What effect would a public whiping post have on our modem, highly civilized society with her thousands of divorces primarily from such causes, and thousands of others from the curse of drunkenness, and frivolous prodigality, but only a few from natural incompatibility. The law of force is seldom applicable among the whites under present social conditions; only once in a while to negro brutes. r-ni,!,. ,];-i- -^ ^:^t.. ;,v . / :' :.■ .,, 103 OSAGE] NATURAIi RESOTJRCES— RAIKPALL, SOIL PRODUCTS, ETTC. Tears ago when "Uncle Sam" was casting his eyes southwestward to find some last Ideal section for the hunting an dcamplng^ frounds for the Osage people, who had sucessively surrendered by treaty their plains and forests to the westward sweep of the Cauucasian treks, or trail, he rest- ed his vigilant eyes upon forest covered hills and valleys. Intersperced with fertile prairies than which none could be more ideal for tlie Osage hunt- ers, then teeming with fish and wild game, a land once his own, but lost by Cherokee removal and conquest. But in peace it is bought back for the last earthly home of the once strong, stalwart tribe. To this they come to abide and make their final allotments. It Is a land fair to look upon, fairer in nature, perhaps than in gold, but destined to be pToductive of the finest race of the Twentieth Century. It requires more man gold and grain to make men and women. Sunshine, pure air, pure sparkling wat- ers, varied vegetation, and above all '.the glorious beauties of God's art galleries, of hills and hollows, rugged rocks and rushing, rollicking roar- ing rills, receding slopes, with fertile valleys lying between, make men, eral men. Gold alone might contract the soul, destroy, mayhaps, the mind and body, but nature's wealth, never. No country, nor people, were ever more wealthy, naturally and flnan- cially, per capita, than the citizens of the Osage Nation, if rightly edu- cated. But their greatest riches are manifest in the ebautiful broad, fer- tile prairies, extensive hard and soft wood forests, many meandering streams and rivers, beds of coal, stone and the discoveries of lead. Iron, zinc, silver and gold, and the rapid development of seemingly inexhaustible voluumes of oil and gas for market, manufacturing and fuel, make it one of the most promising sections in thef uture state of Oklahoma. How sublimely the Great Father of the Pale and Ruddy races has made this spot for the abode of his children. The Paradise of a romantic love dreajner could scarcely improve upon the territory. The ancient Par- adise was but a lovely scene of trees, flowers, fruits and castles. And here many beautiful trees have been reared by creative hand and thrifty man is planting flowers and fruits. This section of the country has proven its adaptability to all kinds of the finest fruits and vegetables, which could scarcely be excelled by the products of southern Illinois, southern Missouri,, and northern Arkansas — the sections that have taken the premiums for the best large and small fruits. Unlimited wealth lies in the soil of this section of the territory, for fruit growers and gardeners. Even tWe roughest hilly land will grow the most perfect fruits. Irish potatoes grow 200 bushels per acre on good land, and two crops a year, but are not easily kept because of rapid growth and heat in the ground. But sweet potatoes were never exceeded in size, quality and quantity. Water melons and cantaloupes and all kinds of vine products were never excelled by those of any section. Peanuts and tobacco grow as well or better than in Virginia and North Carolina. Grapes of which there are already fine vineyards, and peaches, pears, apricots, plums of every variety, and apples grow to perfection, with few failures. In fact all that grows in America except tropical fruits and products, grow here in perfection. Strawberries and all other shall fruits can be grown as well as in the small fruit or berry sections of Missouri and Arkansas; and cotton and corn together with fruits and vegetables, will be the future sources of wealth here, and upon the development of the country depends the sup- port of the town. This part of the territory is conceded to be one of the finest farming regions and yields the largest average in grain products. As high as 100 bushels of corn per acre have, it is claimed, been gathered from one acre of the best creek bottoms, and good land averages from 40 to 60 bushels per acre. Wheat yields as high as 50 bushels, with an average ranging from 10 to 30 per acre. Oats average from 50 to 60 and sometimes 100 bushels per acre, an other cereals as well. Cotton grows to perfection and matures a fine quality of the long-fibre staple, even during the driest seasons, as cotton is considered a dry weather plant. A good yield produces from one half to one and one-half bales per acre, and sells at 2 and 3 cents in the seed and from 6 to 12 cents per pound in the lint, or $30 or $40 per acre. This section of the territory produces more corn and cotton than any other products, because they grow easily and bring in more money to the farmer than other farm products. A local paper in Oklahoma reports that Frank Kirk of Enid, O. T., mowed nine cuttings of Alfalfa from one 35 acre field and that the ninth crop was as good as the first and of fine quality. Ten acres averaging one and one-half tons per acre for each mowing produces 136 tons of alfalfa in one season, bringing $8 per ton, broush $1,080, over $126 per acre. It was done by his experiment of disk harrowing after each cutting, something after the Campbell system of waterlelss irrigation. Without authenticating the above figures the writer can state that the Osage is one of the best natural sections for alfalfa In America. Fine fields are now growing in this reservation. Many other products rightly cultivated will net as profitable results. How many men live and die upon their farms never knowing the undeveloped wealth In the soil, the main source of all wealth. All the agricultural products cultivated ttetween the Great Lakes and the Gulf, from Maine to California, can be grown here with profit. The climate is a pleasant moderation between the extreme heat of sum- m;er to the south and the rigid cold of the north. Along the wood lined streams are some excellent sites for summer cottages and the sanitariums for health seekers. Some who are not well versed with the climatic conditions of the territories entertain some fear of sufficient rainfall. But there is less anxiety about the rainfall here than in many parts of the territories. A few figures may be of much value to those contemplating homes or investments. There are abundant rains. It is a well settled scientific fact that where there are many streams of water there is a greater pre- cipitation of moisture than in sections where few streams flow. And it seems a divine decree for rain to follow the plow and hoe, as the agri- culturist westward wends his way. The average temperature of the two territories since the opening oi Oklahoma was 62.0 degrees in 1896, and the lowest 59.0 In 1892 and 1895. The mean temperature of the winter season Is about 37 and for autumn and spring about 61. The highest degree of heat, 144 degrees, August 5th at Mangum, O. T., and the lowest degree of cold about 10 to 15 below zero at Pt. RIeno, January 27. The greatest annual precipitation was 40.56 inches in 1902, and the lowest 22.78 inches in 1901. South Mc- Alester, I. T., received the heaviest precipitation, 53.20 inches, and Jef- ferson, O. T., the least, 27.82. The abundant tlmberof tne Osage Nation also causes a heavier rainfall. The above figures do not include the heavy rains, cold and heat of the last year which might modify them slightly. O (Capital) TECE SKIATOOK BANK. ($10,000.) W. O. Rogers, President; Ii. Appleby, Vioe-Presiaent; O. R. Cleveland, Cash. The officers and stockholders of this banking institution are so well known to the 'people of the laoality in which they live and transact business eP8, the presldeiat, is one of the finest specimens of Indian statesmen, and is that it seems hardly worth the space to make any introductory remarks in presenting them to the readers of this brief piece of history. W. O. Rog- destined to go down in history as the last of the famous red warriors that held a place of trust and honor with his people, to whom he has always been strictly loyal and whose rights and Interests he Is now guiding and guarding as sacredly as if they were the Golden Calf of old. Mr. Rogers is accomplishing as a statesman what his forefathers failed to maintain with their rud weapons of warfare and agriculture — providing for each and ev- ery one of his fellow citizens a good home and living in their declining daVs, in acting as administrator, to a certain extent, for his people, who pace implicit confidence in him. Mr. Ix)u Appleby, the first to be elected vice-president, although having passed away from the world, still Uvea in the minds of his friends, which means everybody, as he had no enemies. G. U. develand, is well known throughout the two territories as a repre- sentative of two of the largest manufacturing plants in the United States, viz: The McCormack Harvesting Machine Co., and the J. I. Case Thresh- ing Machine Co., having acted as collector and credit man for both the above firms for several years, at different times. Mr. G!ruininond, whose largfl, bcj,iiui.ui numo uiiJi... is a native of Glas&ow, Scotland, but came to New York when a boy ot 18 years. Prom there came west to -St. Louis, where he was first engaged In the mercantile business, dry goods, for two years. Then he came to the Osage and settled in Pawhuska, where he clerked for Jno. R. Skinner, Indian trader. He continued with that company till he went into business under the firm name of "R. B. Bird & Co.," In the present Osage Mercan- tile Co.'s., building where he remained In business as a partner till 190o, when he recuperated after his long experience heer, on a farm a yar, then came to Hominy, where he organized the Hominy Trading Co., and Dought Mr. Fi-ed Dmmmond's Mansion Home. out Price & Price, and became president of the company, and became stock- holder in the First Xational Banli, of which he is vice president, and Is also vice president of Mullin's Drug Co. He is a man of great intelligence and business ability as shown from the large stone block being erected for the Mercantile Company, and the elegant home he has erected in the north part of Hominy. He married Miss Addle Gentner, of Coffieyvllle Kansas and has four fine children, three boys a,nd a girl. He sees a bright future for the Osage after his long experience here. THE MERCHANTS HOTEL — (HOMINY, O. T ) E. H. Oamett, Proprietor. Mr. Carnett Is a native of Southwestern Kentucky, Periy Countv but came to the Osage early in 1905. He purchased this hotel and has' al^o farmed nearby. The Merchants is a new building and one of thf fi^t- cass dollar-rate hotels. He expects to conduct the house himself and will fc^r7 ^^^i^- ^ ^f^^^ Kentucky welcome. His family comes to conduct G. A. SHAPFNER & GUY BENNETT. Genial Blacksmlthingi and Repair Work— All Work GnarantfiPd Mr. Shaffner is from Kansas, but lived in Lincoln 001.^^0^1 ief ore coming to Hominy. He grew up in the shop working both wood and Iron a wheelrght and blacksmth. Hs father worked at the trade 45 vl^-s ^A tought he son hs own chosen trade. Hs partner, Mr Bemiett s f^S, ^ diana, and formed a partnership one yeaf aga ■i^ey do hlih f-^^^?^"". work and repairing, all guaranteed to give ^tlsfa%l0T^ Mr 4t^ .V father was also a blacksmith. These men^ a?e IfoTTnty high^^Lss "vnw° blacksmiths" but good citizens for the new town and st^te. Blaotamllhs^ta general, are sober, industrious, valuable men In any communis A MODERJf BURDEN IN DISGUISE The author and publisher of this book had his attention called to some articles in one of the two local papers of the town, The Pawhuska Capital, of which Mr. Chas M. Hill, the son of Rev. E. F. Hill, pastor of the M. E. church isi editor, treated the writer like a. gentleman, or as he would a fellow editor or publisher, for which we feel equal gratitude. All rightly edited publications, not dominated entirely by money and politics, are edu- cational influences, to which the writer extends a fraternal hand. But the articles in the other local sheet were evidently cowardly thrusts at him because of the fact that he had been collecting material, historical, biographical and commercial for this book. With this exception, the writ- er has had the hearty support, or at least gentlemanly indifference of the local papers, in his publications of historical booklets on the various sec- tions and various peoples of the territories, and has always published such pamphlets on definite written stipulations to the people, who with few exceptions, extend the most generous support, because the writer trusted them instead of asking for trust, on conditions, in which they knew there could be no fraud or even misrepresentation, just as in this case. He has a too high regard for his honor, education, and reputation and usefulness for the future to even attempt cunningry, if it should win him all the lands and millions of the Osage country, and a half dozen more like it. Who composed those articles not knowing the above facts, stabbed through his own disguise, while in blinding ignorance, avarice or Jealousy, he thrusts at another. He kn'' -v nothing of the writer's life, ability, work, methods nor purpose, and "lerefore entirely inexcusable. But Imagining that his own occupation Tt!"* being infringed upon, his methods repeated, he deserves only the reply of Caesar to a traitor: "Et tu Brute!" "Thou, too, O B'rutus." But were it not for the contemptible spirit, the falsity and gall, in casting false reflections on the writer's book and life before strangers who might not know better, he could pass over the articles in sheer pity for their author, who is uncertain, but they snaell of a dirty, editorial garret where the responsibility lies. Their whole sum and sub- stance was fabricated falsity, except as he had in mind some false print- ers or publishers who may have worked such impositions as he had in mind one of which will be mentioned later. The book, largely on the Osage country, printed at Ponca City ten years ago, was from two to four times as costly to its subscribers as this book, but that was gotten out partly by a local newspaper, and for that reason — "well, maybe so" — all right. In spite of some fakes in the business, the "Special Historical Il- lustrated books for advertising are becoming more frequent and easier to raiake all the time, for they are the most valuable and effective way if done by men of scholarship. All countries and colonization companies use them, all live towns and commercial clubs use the special "write up" methods, even when faked on the cost by some local office in printing them. Even the local newspaper can't advertise without special "write ups," but no one presumes they are literary. The writer hartily thanks he kind and generous, and long suffering men and women helping to publish the book; long-sufEerir«r because overtaxed by too temporary methods of advertising. Millions are spent annually that pass away with the click of the pringing press. Something permanent is to be sought for in all "ads" except brief specialties and drawing bargains. This is the secret of reaping from the dollars and cents you spend in "ads." Many a, business man contributes to the support of local news sheets because he may be scorched or insulted "f he does not "cough up," by something like the following rank editorial: "When you hear a merchant make the remark that as long as trade Is good as it is he will not advertise, you may say right there that he Is unclassed, and is no benefit to the town. He expects to live along and catch what few people the other merchants don't have time to wait upon, and barely make enough to pay rent. He does not realize or does not care that it is his duty to help bring the trade to the town, the same as others. He must have a guilty conscience when he is waiting on a customer whom he knows belongs to the live, wide awake, and energetic competitors up the street. If he wants the trade tell the people so." — Ex- change. (Kepeated in this local paper.) Every progressive business and professional person todoy realizes the great benefit of advertising discreetly where the population is sufficiently large and competition fierce enough to necessitate constant display of something to remind others of our wares and work, but no sensibe man 13 so foolisli or crazy as to believe that he must make sUGli display every ■11? Tli« Elegant Home of Prentiss Price, Hominy, O. T. MUilJNS i)RTO 66m^^ Dr. Ira Mullln, Pres.; Ftedl Drtunmond, V. Pres.; Prentiss Price, Sec. Treas Dealers In Drugp and Drug Sundries. Dr. Ira Mullln, B. S., M. D., the president, is one of the three physicians in Hominy. The Mullin's Drug Co., was organized hy him in 1904, as The First Drug Store in the town and vicinity. He is! a native of the Old Dom- inion, Virginia, from which he came to the Osage in 1902, and settled in Hominy. He was one of the first to practice here, building up a broad prac- tice, both as a physician and surgeon. He is a graduate of the National Norman University, Lebanon, Ohio, taking his "B. S." degree and "M. C." from the University College of Medicine, Richmond, Va., also of the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital. His office is in the drug store. They are prescription druggists and carry a full line of drugs, and sundry toilet articles, and cold drinks, etc. More enterprise can not be found in the Osage as they are largely interested in all the leading business of the town and all most excellent citizens, town advancers and country develop- ers. Tou will be pleased to meet them, and they will encourage any legiti- mate buisness locating there. New Hominy (South Part), O. T. A. L. HOUSTON'S Kestaiu'ant — Short Oi'der Among the first class eating places in Homing Mr. Huston conducts one of the best. His eating parlor has the most inviting appearance not only to hungry men, but to those of dainty tastes. He is a man of congenial na- ture, well fitted him for the cafe bus- iness and being located only one half biocii east from the north end of the depot, you will find him ever ready to serve the traveling public, and home patronB, One of the most impor- tant parts of physical life is to be or have a good cook; then to eat only what you need or like best in right quantities. Anything you want of the best quality you will find at Mr. Hous- ton's, Hominy, O. T. 114 day or week In some little local sheet alone, to keek his brains, trade, brawn or business before an intelligent, thinking public. A. well worded sign m front of his office or store, or board nailed to the corner posts at the forks of roads converging on the town, might be far more effective permanent and less costly , than daily or weekly insertions in very limited edly circulated local sheets, or two "up" as are usually found in every locality, burdening often sparcely populated communities with daily or weekly repetitions of matter, labor and expenses that ought to be saved to the people by publishing only the best in some well edited, literary, scientific, brain-born matter worth keeping in a book, or monthly magazine form, or journals, without the enormous waste of labor and money in pub- lishing a ranch of chaff, and the consequent necessity of the reader's strong mental discrimination in sifting out a gill of wheat. What is not worth keeping in general is not worth the time and cost in publishing. The thoughtful, most frank business uien and scholars all say and the author has talked with thousands upon this subject, that there are too many local publications of little newspapers for the good, much less the necessity of society and business. One local paper for each town or county might be a benefit to the people, it edited with intelligence and economy, to the reader, who can get all but local items from a large, generally circulated merto- or cosmopolitan paper from which the local must necessarily reprint whatever world-wide news it has. In all other respects the local sheet is almost entirely composed of local advertising, or personal gossip, as Mr. Smith, Jones, Scott, or Brown goes or comes on political or commercial business, or Miss or Mrs. Smith, Jones, Scott, or Brown, has gone or comes to visit Mrs. Roe, or Miss Doe, who gives a reception, card party, progressive euchre, or high five for a prize. And some do not even stop here but pulnge into all kinds of scandal mongering and exaggerations under the term "news" but frequently serving only to cast unjust insinuations, even absurd falsities, upon some innocent, or perhaps some comparatively innocent party, for the want of something better to fill up their space unoccupied by advertising. The writer once knew personally the editor of such a paper even to attack the llife, char- acter, motives and teachings of men of high character, and higher motives because he was paid to do so by some prejudiced party and in some in- stances he' would attack the affairs, or business of another in order to, have somebody answer it in the columns of his paper simply to fill space that he was incompetent to fill from the thoughtful product of his own mind but he soon emigrated. OBSCE3VE JOIIBNAI/ISM. Mr. Jerome in prosecuting a libel case lately in New York City, said: "For more than two weeks we have been wandering through Vanity Pair witnessing exhibitions of human weakness and folly, and in some instances of human degradation. Now let us see the character of this paper, (referring to Town Topics.) Mr. Shepard has told you that Colonel Mann has stated that it was the natural evolution of personal journalism. If that is true it ought to be applicable to more than one daily in New York whose trend is that way. There is scarcely a morning paper that does not print vile scandals and obscene matter. I don't seee what interest it conserves to publish such items. I do not see what interest such articles relating to the evil of this or that person have for you and me. Does it ever serve any useful purpose? Is it other than filth? It is put there for no other purpose than that of paying dividends to the stockholders. The average newspaper is run from the counting room standpoint. Many of the advertisements are but a corruption fund to induce quiet about this, that or the other. This is not a pleasant statement to make but if you ask the average newspaper man why a certain paper let up on a certain prop- osition his reply will be 'W(hy didn't you see that advertisement of so-and- so?'" In publishing this book the methods of unreliability among some print- ers have been clearly demonstrated. For nearly two months the engraving was delayed because of delay of photographs, either excusable or negligence; then some delay of engravers; then about December 15, 1905, a contract was placed with a Magazine publishing company to be out by all means, by January first, with the option of the writer taking the work elsewhere, if not rushed through the last week in December. With utter disregard of all legal or moral obligation, in the absence of the writer, the book was not touched and almost as willful neglect for six weeks after January 1st, with no reasonable excuse, except, perhaps, the hope of a bigger price to rush them, at one and one half pay for all time over eight hours per day, while the author toiled nearer sixteen hours per day to hurry the work, for six weeks, at great expense, and loss, and at last had, to demand his material, partly lost, or destroyed, and do much of the mechanical work himself, in order to get the work complete in short order. All his work, not being delivered, replevey suit was entered, and the manager immediately swore 115 NEW COTTAGE HOME OF Iy. B. , Mr. Bodwell is an old resident of the Osage, where h.e has been inter- ested in business, taut came to Hominy early in its building, wnere he erected a dwelling for his family, his wife and daughter, a young laay of vivacious, bright social qualities. Mr. Frank Pettit, who lives three miles northeast or Hominy, and has one of the best improved farms, of nearly 1,000 acres, in the Osage, married a daughter of Mr. Bodwell. Frank is a son of Judge Pettit of Pawhuska, and on& of the broadest minded, most energetic Osage citizens. He does much of his own farming, besides leasing many acres of his fertile land. Mr. Bodwell is improving a beautiful home and garden and is one of the most substantial men of Hominy and the Osage, ready to ad- vance their interests. THE HOMINY MIEAT MARKET. Wm. McConnell, Proprdetdr, Fumlshes all Kinds of Fresh, Dried Meat!, Oysters, and Game in Season. Mr. McConnell is a native of Ireland, but lived for 17 years in Thyer, Kansas, spending his time in the oil business and farming. He came to Hominy in 1904, under the direction of F. D. Closser & Co., oil men. He took charge of their work and machinery here, but he is now engaged in. the butcher business for himself, and has a large patronage for the size of the town and community. He also conducts the "O. K." Livery barn, doing a general livery business. He owns property in Hominy, and expects great things from the rapid development of the Osage. THE ITRST SHOE SHOP. Mr. C. C. Hopkins, the first shoe and boot manufacturer of Hominy, is a native of Missouri, but came to Ralston, O. T., in 1900, where he was en- gaged in the general nierchandise business till he came to Hominy, and established a shoe shop. He nxanufactiires a high-dass Ijoot and shoe for the order trade, and does all kinds of repairing at most reasonable prices. He can claim the destination of being the only manufacturer in town, be- sides the bakeries and blacksmiths, and will soon have to enlarge his busi- ness, as many have their boots made to order here, regardless of cost. His wife and little daughter, Lenora, now help to do much of the facing and stitching. Visit them and see how you feel standing in his shoes or boots THE OSAGE BIvACKSMITH. Bert Patterson one of the village blacksmiths, was born In Kansas, but has lived in the Osage from boyhood, and attended school at the Pawhuska Agency. He came with his father, who was a Government Blacksmith, and taught Bert the trade, which he has long followed with success. He has the reputation of being the, best steel and tool worker in the country, also a fine shoer of horses, often fitting up the race horses for the races, frequent- ly held here on the straight and circle tracks. He is widely acquainted and sp'eaks Osage. His friends say he is a brother, and most ideal man! in his busines career. (Photo by Alva Siiiers.) 116 !q»,foo ^^^^.^Z^^ ^"^ "■ continuance for 15 days, for the lack of material evi- n,t^^'.^^ * °^" 2 ^°^ possibly have been true, under the circumstances, ■^It,^^ 1°-^^ *f'^® ''^ *^^ t"^l' ^^^ a-"er every possible manner of de- mand, except by physical force, for three weeks, the Justice (?) decreed «™ .^,1 f^ demand had been made. Such is the weaJkness of the 15 day wV, ' *^^«"ently the processes of the wise men of the minor courts, in tacmg unmistakable facts and the editors of local concerns, that sometimes dominate m court more than evidence, facts and law; as they often try the cases before the hearing. So the author was compelled to reproduce some material, and go over the whole work at great loss of time and expense. Jint, mayftei, such UunsB wUl not always he so. Justice, brains, and (law may, perchance, prevail sometimes, somewhere. The following are some extracts from the contract: "Oklahoma City, Dec. 18, 1905." "'Said booklet is to be six by nine Inches, etc," "The cover IS to be a good quality of S. & S. C. cover 20x25, 50-lb stock." "The inside pages are to be printed upon Calender Book paper, etc." "Ink on entire work to be of bltie black of best quality, etc." "The work is to be done in a thorough workman like manner, etc." "The work shall be done and ready for delivery during the last week of December, 1905, if same can be accom- plished, (by the F. M. Co.) If that is not possible, however, it shall be ready for delivery as soon thereafter as possible." (Written at bottom). In case of unavoidable delay, the said Dickerson may withdraw from this contract and take the work elsewhere." (Signed). "The F. M. Co., by R. A. W., Business Manager." Philip J. Dickerson. The last clause was written by demand of the author, so that he could arrange to get his books by the last week in December, 1905, if the P. M. Company did not get them out immediately after December 18, who prom- ised to write in two or three days, which they failed to do till Dec. 29, too late for the work to be taken else where to be printed by January 1st. And after the promise to give said books the exclusive time of the shop till print- ed, taking a well equipped shop about Ave or six days to complete by lino- type and hand), nothing was done for nearly four weeks, except having set most of the linotype not over four or five days work for a skillful op- erator, and many printers are as negligent of their promises. At last driven to despair, in failing to get the work done at reasonable rates, the writer proceeded to publish the book himself, using only linotype-set composition, In about one week, and asks the people interested in the book to excuse this unavoidable delay, in no way his fault, as he tries always, under all circumstances, to make his word as good or better than a bond. E'ut we can still all rejoice in the birth of the New State of Oklahoma just as this comes from the press. If the author of the article in this paper will tell thinking men why it is necessary to have two or three little local papers in a small town, often scarcely able to support one rightly, except for partisan, political reasons, he will do a benevolence to modern civilization that no other has ever done. The writer gladly notes from the "Osage Chief," (Fairfax) referring to an exceedingly partisan article in this paper, which there is no desire to reprint here. "In our opinion if there is any owe thing a small town should do in organizing, it is to avoid mixing politics into municipal government. For our part, (rantankerous Republicans as we are) we would rather see Fairfax organized with a full board of progressive, public spirited democratic town builders that an equal number of republican pol- iticians. Let us see to it that when Fairfax is organized that only the best men whose every interest is identified with the town are elected, and will work for the best interests of the town regardless of party affiliations." Of course every man feels a loyal interest in his party's success, and perhaps justly so, but the intelligent citizens will no doubt, give their hands, votes and moral support to the men of greater honor, efficiency, and unbiased interest in the general welfare of the city and county govern- ment irrespective of party affiliations. In national and state politics, a true man may love his party for its principles, but in local government he will love his city and county more. The permanent development of Osage county, when organized, and Pawhuska, her judicial seat, whose present and future prospects seem crowned with a halo of growth and glory, depends largely upon the clean, pure men, and government they present to the world in the early years of county and town organization. The writer of this book has] no party politics, nor does he care to have except as any party may represent, ad vocate and put into effect the highest principles of international, national, state, county, township and munici- pal government, upon a basis of individual merit, civic economy and pure, clean methods of politics in the sense the Greeks used the word Politas (long a), their citizens being intelligent enough each to govern liimself and people, thousands of years ago, before being corrupted hy methods of so-called scientific politics. 117 FAIRFAX, O. T. Considering the very fertile soil all through this section, the large extent of country from which to draw her trade, and the present size of Fairfax after one year's growth, and the many excellent people among her population of near 400, you can quickly see that Fairfax is one of the best locations for a large, growing, prosperous town. It is appropriately named from her FAIR prospects. Quite a number of her people came from the historic, old trading post. Gray Horse, some miles southeast, where they were in business long before the location and survey of Fairfax. The Baptist, M. E., and Presbyterian denominations have organized, and hold services in the school building, which was erected by popular subscription. The school is conducted on the scholarship certificate plan of $2 per month, paid in advance, by cash, or negotiable ijotes, for seven months, thus insuring school for that length of time. Prof. C. A. Hag- gart, principal, is a graduate of Ann Arbor, Mich. His assistant is Mrs. Kate Brlstow, both successful teachers, with about 80 pupils enrolled. Fairfax is located on Salt creek, some miles north of the Arkansas river, in the richest prairie country in the Osage. This creek is larger than most creeks, and along its course northward is found niuch of the best land, and most costly improved farms. It is the most beautiful stream in Okla- homa, having a broad, rocky bed, and clear, blue waters, with many fish, and much game upon its well timbered banks and bottoms. ! Fairfax townslte has been surveyed, and when approved by the Sec- retary of the Interior, the vacant lots will soon be sold. For a town so young she has many fine buildings, some of which are shown in these cuts. No town in the Osage has a fairer prospect of growing into a city of several thousand inhabitants. Many excellent people have already located here, and others still coming. Many of the fullbloods have well improved farms around the town. The Tall Chief family, mentioned elsewhere, live near town, one joining it on the south. They are an intelligent family, es- pecially Eves Tall Chief, educated in the best schools and reported to be writing a dictionary of Osage dialect containing only about 700 words in. all, but some of the family are addicted to strong drink, being near the line of old Oklahoma, where they can step over and get anything they want, and "eat, drink and be merry." The department has just given a decision that the opening of the townsites to business, without bond or Indian license, will not entitle any man to deal in intoxicating drinks in the Osage any more than before such, opening, but the same rule shall apply — a wise provision for all concerned. Fairfax is located on a line of railroad running from Newkirk, O. T.,. to Pawnee and on to Oklahoma City. It is being heavily ballasted for a through freight line leaving the main line more free for passenger traffic. All lines of business are well represented. There is one first class hotel, the Ponton House, 3 restaurants, 2 barber shops, one of which has the distinction of a boy barbel", 13 years of age, a fine shaver, 'having begunj to help his father, John Sherrill, in his shop, at the age of ten. He is per- haps the youngest barber in America. They also run a short order in con- nection. There are 3 drug stores, 2 banks, 2 groceries, 2 hardware and one furniture store, 1 harness shop, 4 general merchandise stores, 2 fine liveries, a blacksmith shop, a mill and grain elevator, and one well edited newspaper, the "Osage Chief," one lumber yard, a large meat market, in short, all lines necessary to make a growing, prosperous city. With a beautifully undulating hill westward, nicely draining the town toward the creek east the location is unsurpassed for healthfulness, Jlne water near the surface and many square miles of rich country to draw from, you will find here an opportunity to establish manufactures, or lease the best lands, with rapid growth. All through the Osage land can be leased for periods, from one to five years to improve the land by breaking sod, fencing, building houses, plant- ing orchards, etc. But improved lands can be leased on similar conditions to those in the states, money rent or 1-3 of grain, in the field, and 14 oi> the cotton at the gin. While cattle raising is a leading industry In this section, as the cut of Mr. Bowers' herd suggests, farming? is co-equal. To illustrate the large scale farming in the Osage Mr. Geo. Chrlsman lias one of the largest farm leases in the country at one time 4,000 acres, 11S For two years a wave of reform seems to be surging back and forth even in politics, and civil rules more strictly applied. Tlections for the last three years, and thep rosecution of corruption in high places, indicate, to some degree, that a tidal wave of reform sentiment and ballots may sweep politcal corruption with all of its "rooters" and "suckers" from the arena of American statesmanship. At least the omens are encouraging to all true, liberty-loving Americans who believe more in purity of principle than in petty partisanship. Then society and business will demand only one well edited newspaper in each town, county or state as the case may be. But editors are not resopnsible for the thousands of unnecessary, poorly composed sheets, they are only victims of the social and political conditions of the times. The introduction into civil service rules the requirement of examination i none other language, than English, according to England's practice, in order to bring the brightest young men into the consular service by hard study, instead of by political preferment, is another of many signs of many signs of the times that party politics must gradually give way to individual principle and merit, on which social and civil progress should When the president of Harvard, or Tale and Prof. James, of North- western Unievrsity, recommends the great metropolitan daily and weekly rest in all advanced stages of civilization. newspapers as important to the student of sociology and history, to keep in touch with current facts and history reported in their voluminous col- umns of political, scientific, social and current-event sections, they did not mean to sanction the existence of two to twenty small papers where one could serve all these purposes far better with a proportionately less cost, n advertising, which generally overruns their literary columns five to one. Again the vast amount of irreliable, unauthenticated, fictitious, manufact- ured stuff to fill up columns is another reason for fewer papers, and truer, better quality of stuff. Whole pages are often manufactured from scarce- ly a shadow, much less skeleton of truth and fact, just to serve some pur- pose, of its writer, or publisher. The average of human life is too short, mind too sacred, thought too valuable to be burdened or confused daily or weekly by columns of worthless distractions, mentally enervating matter. After the daily struggle for bread there is far too little time for the best, none for the worst publications. "E'ut," say the publishers of light, chaffy, reading stuff, "people desire it. They won't read books and better litera- ture." Then you have caused it. They won'tp'zqmO dUR'sBkbonUNuavhUf ture." Then you have caused, by your contnuously feeding them husk chop, instead of well-ground grain. Those who cannot enjoy reading and re- reading books, mazazines and phamphlets of the best matter and forms, and retain their contents, are scarcely apt to remember, and profit by a mere glance at big sheets of paper printed each day or week to b thrown away th next because another is printed in its place. Local editors and pa- pers are all right in serving their place and purpose, but surely can't ex- pect everybody to think they are "the only cheese," "the only p'ebble on the beach." This is a free country, for every man to follow honstly, by the "Golden Bule," the pursuit of life, wealth and happiness, without baseless imputations, and interference of another. The writer does not expect all men to think alike on all things, on anything. That would be heaven, mil- lenial' Some are always antagonistic to others' plans and work, no matter what so it be competition. If heaven wereb rought to earth by some, others would hurl the angels back to worlds beyond, or jump off to Jupiter, Mars or Moon for new fields of eclusive operations, because heaven might take "three or four hundred dollars out of their business" that might "never return" Oh, how many growl because they want to occupy the whole kennel or be the only noses in the trough. If some should not like the method of publishing the historical facts and resources in book form, etc., it is not perhaps the fault of the book, made on the fairest conditions to its eenerous intelligent subscribers, but the experience of the one opposed to It Many spurn the Bible, throw it away as worthless, but where lies the fault of thinking and action? in them, or the Bible? Some might fail to keen or to give out to the best advantag, finely illuustrated "SouVe- Tiir" brief history, biography and commercial book of their country, but it would not necessarily signify that it is not worth keeping for gener- ations Should one paint the brightest scenes of human life, its resources and possibilities with pen, printer's ink, engravers styles and book papy- rSs for a consideration. It is far better to scatter the rough paths of living beines with roses, than to plant thorns and thistles of envy and Jealousy In rhp. wavs of life, then to place free flowers, or a costly wreath upon man s in^ket both of which he paid for years before he retired to his tomb. Ttl^fkr better to be "oily tongued manipulators," of even failures in try- ing to bear the burdens of long-suffering communities, (long-suffering be- cause overtaxed by worthless papers, and too temporary methods of ad- vertising), than to have the double- tongue of a venemous serpent, both 119 ■with a co-lessee, under cultivation. Having dissolved partnership, he now has only 2,000 acres plowed and cultivated, but expects to ploy 2,000 acres more next spring. He farms out his leases to others to plant and cultivate corn at 12y2 cents per bushel, estimated in the field before gathering-, and much corn all through the Osage averages long and largt ears. At L. A. Wismeyer's store some ears were seen measuring from 12 to 14% inches, grown by W. R. Farbes. Manning Bros., farming on Little Chief in 1905, giew ears of corn weighing up to 2 pounds and one ounce. The Yearly Rjoundiiip on the Akin Kanch — Near Fairfax. Mr. A. G. Bowers is manager of the Ed Akin ranch, two miles east of Fairfax, containing 7,000 acres of fine grass land, a,lso an additional 3,000 of cultivated farm lands 15 miles west, which sustains about 7,000 head of cattle, about 4,000 of which have been lately purchased for their ranch. He was formerly from Texas, was raised on a ranch, handling cattle and horses all his life, hence a broad experience in this industry. . He has been five years in the Osage, first year with Roy Hoss, then with Stone Breaker's, before becoming the manager of the present large ranch on the Osage, a cut of which is given, showing a "roundup" of only a small part of the heard. As the manager he has to see that cattle are kept together, the strays brought in, the fences kept In good condition, etc. He has six men assistants, all the time busy. John Morris, formerly from Texas, but ranched in Comanche county for Bill Hall for five years, but been in the Osage about five years in the employ of various ranchmen. Sam Smith, also a Texan by birth, has been in the ranch business for fif- teen years, having been manager for several "cattle camps," which term Is applied to the ranches in this country. Henry Riley, Is a Texas boy and has handled many cattle, in the employ of several camps, for the last 15 years. George Dunnovan Is also employed -by-Mr. Bowers, on, this ranch, u Texan also, but of late coming to the Osage. These boys lead a typical ranchman's life, batching, with no females In the camp, each one taking turns in the cook tent with one general dish and bottle washer, Mr, Clint Wagoner. However, many ladles, on horseback, are usually found at the "roundups" of this camp as the boys are single, generally ladies' men and have many friends among the fair sex who enjoy the ride after the large herds and the romantic life of the camp for a few days. At the last "roundup" there were 48 persons In- cluding 13 ladies, to see the Immense herd brought together. The ranch- man's life, they claim, is far from being one of ease, as many suppose, but is one continuous round of riding and vigilance, having but little time for sports and reading. About the only pastime being the humor manifest when gathered around the camp fire, vieing with each other in telling the biggest story. And every morning they have a free exhibition of "rabbit twisting" ( ?) They fre- quently refer to each other by the nicknames, "Rabbit Twister," "Steeple- chasers," "Cow-waddies," "Hill Billies," and such like. Mr. Bowers and his boys are typical jolly ranchmen. 120 hissing and poking poison at everyone and evtrything, that the coil be- hind, Imagines to come in its way, though you have no intention of intrud- ing on Its ground. It were better to calm or lap with an oily tongue the wa- ters of the troubled seas of human lives than to explode a gas well, then set it on fire in their midst. It Is as well to bury some men alive as to try to soil their honesty by false insinuatior*!i. Yet some would bury you alive if it were commercial gain to do so. Tne Kaw City Star reports that puB paunq 'SAiBg: om jo jajno 'q-eSunns'BAi. p-eii eouo ssajd pa:)'Bpossv sq^J his funeral ceremony in detail, even the number of his tribe that followed in mourning to his last resting place. It was a real Associated Press fun- eral story. But "Wash" appeared in town soon afterwards, and was asked why he was reported dead and buried. "Uh! uhM" he replied, "Paper man ■rt — n fool, he lie, lie, lie; Wash all time best — ^phist." The article that forced this reference to the much abused, and much needed Journalism of today, was either hatched In ignorance or born in narrow-minded, soul contracted jealousy, or both together. It seems part- ly the former, but mostly the latter. When the writer begun to gather ma- terial for this book for the purpose expressed on the introductory page, •called at the printing room of the managing editors, of this paper and ex- plained his intention, and contract for the publication, and asked an estimajte ■on the work. He was informed by one that they could not do the work at the price the writer was contracting to do Itfor, that there ough to have been a higher rate placed on it, and that he didn't believe in such publi- cations, but couldn't do the work any way at the writer's rate to which he replied in a few remarks on inconsistency of such a position. The other managing editor brought out a Special Historical and Commercial Write-up, of one of the leading papers of Chickasha, I. T., where he was working at the time and informed the writer that they asked and got about $50, fifty dollars per page on $5,000 copies of a three i,ewspaper column page special ■edition, scarcely longer than broad, and very ordinary printing and paper, with scattering cuts, all together at I'rom five to ten times the cost to their patrons as the "oily tongued author solicited from from the generous, in- <^'»lligent «ind wealthy people of the Osage,^ with far better form than can usually be produced in a local office. No wonder they sounded the alarm against anything that doesn't go through their hands. And no one ever had any reason to suppose this laborous undertaking was connected with their office, nor does he believe anyone ever seriously thought so. Mr. Managers you have just as good a sheet as thousands of others of its kind; per- haps better than some, but calm your agitated mind, for the writer has no desire to be connected with a little local paper, where there is more than one in a community of less than ten thousand population, unless to ■do the mechanical work of more permanent publications. If your paper is good, osmething better might cultivate a taste and patronage for it, hoth i reading and advertising. Real education does much for some things. A true sayink: , "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. Drink deep or taste not the Pierian Spring." I can forgive you for thinking that this praise for "Tom, Dick and Harry" could be destroyed before birth from the printing press. But how you erred! It came through all right and still lives to bless, we hope, the Osage people and the stranger who wants to know the real facts of his- tory and resources from sources he can believe. They are triplets, 3,000 well formed copies, strong. Some will live and talk perhaps, when we have passed beyond, to give account of our editorials. The method of printing this book is only a means of giving a greater number the benefit of its publication. Some may say: "Oh, t's an adver- tsing scheme!" So it is in part. All history, geography and biography, based upon the facts of a country and people are advertising in the broad- est and best sense, whatever the object of their publication. The gray matter of brains, thinking powers may be used in advertising as literary in oomp'osition a sthe best books, magazines, and journals of modern civiliza- tion. At least this is the consenses of opinion of the best busines and tion. At least this is the consenses of opinion of the best business and profesional people in towns and countries everywhere, who do the most of their advertising in special editions of books, pamphlets, largely circu- lated magazines, in condensed form to be kept. Kven the extra editions of little local papers must be printed in more condensed magazine form to be sent out broadly, if perchance they can get some failing list, well knowing that the narrow limits, of their little local papers are ineffective, if not worthless for general advertising of its country's resources and ad- vantages to hundreds or thousands of miles away. For few go beyond the country, or town, perhaps, as every town or village has her own paper, or two that serves its purpose if it discretely attends strictly to its own busi- ness, and furnishes some mental food for its reader's intelligence. A few 121 05 < I 1 H M a H < H CO « f- CJ c. m O I ffl 0) " 2 fi 3 -5 a) o. 5 a go o ca a) S o3 . aj -1? f' 3 a) £ * Id a) ^ ■S a) P a ' S .a S nj S 5f 2 ■« il a) i; u ■ b IS a g 8 pq 41 ,0 O S b "H ) a> ts >, a) .a fc O „ . 6 O M o e S a).d i»g t^ rt) rt r a) S g P J3 S ^ O ■a £ a tH t« a .2 >>5 a) ^i"^.^ V ^ . 01 m .a S -H a oa !*i ro o" aj to y C s^ 3 a) * a ^ 5 a a ^ a) a ilO « a S 5 I .. 5 a ce § ■d So m a> 0) a) Eh C 5 a) a-« a! B c " h oj ra t^ ^ -tJ "O CH fQ frt l«l ■a C3 13 ca 13 a Eli 2 V u a s .& cs g .a to a a IB p. 3 .3 o i3 !- ■3 3 ■a J3 bO m' hfl a m ti ,a 13 a 1 3 J3 A ■J ^1 '+^ o 3 a a — .a a) " m 3 I ft o B H S M a; a si a W -M tH -fJ +J W !ij is ■?* >» ^ a) o .a 2 ni aj ' .a ca o 01 fi O ^ « a 2 "S I S, 122 €xchangres go abroad but no papers, ever advertise, specifically, other than their own sections, without increased subscription lists or big money for their columns. The writer has seen many finely , costly Illustrated books or pamphlets of towns and countries, in which the leading newspapers put full page displays of their presses, offices, etc., their Intelligent editors, knowing the greater results of having some concise, illustrated book forms to set before the world the best of their town and section. And these pamphlets are usually written and published by men of experience and ed- ucation, at great cost of time and expense to themselves, who have no desire to be connected with any less permanent, less literary publications. If their work is a "fake," or "representation false," and "contracted," "big circu- lation that never matures," it is because of the dishonesty of some individ- ual, who perhaps, has been well tutored by the "fakerism" and false pre- tenses of some little editorial or publishing concerns that presume to live by such methods. The writer has formed a business acquaintance with many good men of the editorial and printing profession, but not all the "printer's devils," in the trade are by any means angels, as the intelligent thinking classes well know; and are able to decide what is best for them, and their town and country, regardless of any warning from such sources. While the wirter has often felt the sting of deception from some others, he has the conscientious, perhaps egotistical pride in the fact that he has never willfully or knowingly tried to use either of these contemptible weak- nesses of human character with either man or woman. Who uses such traits to make headway is not a man, only an imitation, a mere thing; a very unnecessary thing. We will concede that there have been many fakes In "special write-ups," but certainly not more than in many local papers and other commercial lines. The writer was the first, so far as he knows, to combine many historical facts with true commercial sketches in order to make a publication worth its cost and keeping to a community. If th« method, which is unequalled for giving time, cost and mental toil, for the amount received for same. The main purpose of some in life, is to give as little service as possible for value received, others as much as possible, even sepnding life in benevolence, but the former class cannot comprehend the actions of he latter, but judge them by their own narrow standard. All things can be raised to a higher degree of benefit to men by the man of ability and honor essential to lift them above the ordinary. Some would- be editors imagine they are using brain power in their compositions, and critical articles, when they taste, to others, like calve's brains, or scrambled eggs of a stale cold storage quality; brought from exchange storage, when a fresh supply fails to be inspired in the pigeon holes of their personal criti- cisms. Many men in local offices think they are thinkers, when they are fine typetinkers. They do not think enough to ever wear one hair off their heads, a bad temper and conscience too condemning to ever become fat or rich. "An Embarrassed Editor was asked: "Why are all millionaires rep- resented to be either fat or bald-headed?" asks a correspondent. "Really, this places us in rather an embarrassing position. We haven't a hair on our head and tip the scales at 225 pounds avoirdupois, so we might be called both fat and bald-headed. Your question, however, is easily ans- wered. To be fat a man must have a clear conscience, a good digestion and an even temper. Baldness is usually caused by the gray matter of the brain circulating too rapidly and wearing ofl the roots of the hair. A man thus blessed by nature can not help get rich." — (Ex.) The author of the sore-head articles has clearly lost no hair by ar- duous study, and thinking. If he ever gets to the heaven of knowledge, happiness and wealth hem ust shed many yet. But he has only made the mistake of putting on a different colored powder than that he supposed In his haste and dim light. A girl dressing under such conditions to receive her beau when she heard his call rushed for her powder to put on the finishing 'touches, then entered the parlor, looking as she thought her best and vivaciously, but unconcious of her minstrel appearance, entertam- ed the one before whom she should have made her best appearance, in her snow-white robes and blondine tresses. But on his adieu she returned to her boudoir, to see how pretty she had been. Discovering her mistake in usiner pulverized charcoal instead of cream powder, as supposed, she fpll into a hysterical swoon, and the Arkansas City Traveler said "she never smiled again" Moral:— Mr. Article Writer, when you get back to your editorial den, just see what kind of powder you really put on in your un- warranted haste, and darkness. The Fairfax Home of J. C Wilson The Business Block of Mi-. J. B. WllsoJii. '• "j^ Mr. J. B. Wilson is a native of Missouri, but lived for fourteen years in Nebraska; afterwards moved to Texas, from whence he returned to Chau- tauqua county, Kansas. He came to the Osage about 1889, as a blacksmith by trade, and Hrst conducted a shop at Gray Horse, about two years. He married Miss Mary Herridge, a daughter of Edward and Julia Herridge. ti A H K ' feuslness Block of J. B. Wilson, Dealer in General Mercbandise, Dry Gooas Clothing, Groceries, Flour and Feed. ' Mr. Herridge was of English nationality, his wife was Julia Lessart, of French and Osage ancestry, who has one of the most courtly homes in the Osage. Mr. Wilson obtaining an intermarried citizen's right to broad and fertile acres of land became a successful farmer for some years. Their farm home appears in cut. They have one of the best improved farms in the Osage. They have moved to Fairfax and built a comfortable, pretty hom- 124 125 The Elegant Home of li. A. VVismeyer, Fairfax. O. T. 127 THE OSAGE BANK, FAIRFAX, 0KLAH03IA. The Osage Bank of Fairfax, was the first banlc in the town. It was organized in 1902, and does a general banking business, handling the ac- counts of business men, stockmen, farmers, and extending courteous treat- ment to all, have won a rightly merited place in the confidence of its pat- rons. Its stockholders are; S. B. Berry, G. W. Berce, J. P. Girard, W. N. Quarles. The bank building of these gentlemen and financial lyeaders as W. H. Todd, E. T. Quarles, J. J.Ballard, J. T. Plummer, J. H. Trimm, Quarles. The bank building of these gentlemen and financial leaders as shown in this cut is the first and only stone building so far, in the town, and a finely constructed bulding. Excellent bulding stone are gotten nearby and many stone buildings, perhaps be erected in the future. These gentle- men will welcome your coming and extend every courtesy consistent with progress and good banking principles 128 l5'^^^ 1 W. N. Ballard, livery, Feed and Sale Bam. Horses Bought and Sold. Mr. Ballard grew up on a farm In Missouri, but came to Gray Horse in 1892, where he ran a stage route, and livery business, also dealing in horses. When Fairfax started in 1902, he moved his interests here. He was one of the first settlers, and built the first fine livery building in the Osage, as shown in cut, where he is doing a prosperous "Dusiness. He has just completed a costly cottage home on part of his block -west of barn. He was married to Miss Daisy Girard, a Kansas girl, at Gray Horse, in 1900. He has spent his life in the horse and livery business of which he is fond and experienced; and a congenial man to meet in business, an energetic and progressive citizen for his town and the Osage. .*■■ * '■ ' * i ^ , .' K mm^i' ■ ..®™^®»iB^S^ Wk S-pE^ ? J „jM ■ ^a ■i i in. i "" W' kTr m 1 i ^^^^ ;^«**«'" % ' ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^E '^'A^lfelk. i^8S\ THE FIRST NATIONAIv BANK OF FAIRFAX. A. Wlsmeyer, Pres., J. M. Woody and Chas. Pasche, Vice Prest., Raymond N. Hoss, Cash., Julius F. Hochau. Asst. Cash. 129 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF FAIRFAX, OKLA The personnel of this bank, which was organized in the fall of 1905, speaks much for its strength and success. A sketch of Mr. Wismeyer is given on another page. Mr. Woody, a native of Texas, has been in the Osage leasing and farming with success. .Mi'. Pasche is from St. Joe, Mo. He started as a huckster boy in grocery store in LaCrosse, 'Wisconsin, later came to Wheatland, Iowa, where he did a general merchandise business. Then came to Davenport, la., and started his banking career as the cashier of the Iowa National Bank of Davenpot, but afterwards acoepred a better position ith the St. Joe Stock Yards bank, of which he is now president and a millionaire. Mr. Hoss came from Illinois to Oklahoma nine years ago, and was engaged in farming, stock raising and shipping both grain and cattle. He has lived at Stillwater and at Ralston, O. T. He Is now farm- ing and stock raising on a 4,000 acre ranch in West Osage with great suc- cess, but has accepted the position of cashier of this bank. Mr. Roohau, born near Redridge, la., raised on a farm, and entered the banking busi- ness in the same bank with Mr. Pasche in Davenport, la., at the age of 18, but came to Fairfax Oct., 1905, to become the assistant cashier of the First National, which will do all lines of conservative banking, but making a specialty of cattle loans. The Fine Home of Mr. F. D. Waugh. — Fairfax. F. D. Waugh whose beautiful home appears with this sketch, is the Manager of the Lumber Department of the Wismeyer General Merchandise business. He is a fine type and native of New York state from which he has just returned on a pleasant visit with kin and friends. He left there in '83, came to Oklahoma in 1892, where he has been in the lumber, cattle and farming buisness, near Ponca City, where he was a lucky winner in the run on the Cherokee Strip, and filed as No. 3, Soldier's Declaratory, and got a fine farm, % mile from Ponca station, for which he later received $6,000, and the same lately sold for $10,000. Mr. Waugh served three years as a Federal soldier in the Civil War, under Gen. Bank, 19th Army Corps. He has two daughters and one son who is now in South Texas. Mr. Wlaugh manages the only lumber yard in Fairfax, October, 1905). He has about 700 head of cattle in feeding, and over 8000 acres leased for their range. He is one of the many good men and citizens of this section. 130 The gentlemen composing this firm are C. L. Goad, N. H. Farrell and S. T. Dawson. They formed the company in August, 1905, in an equal part- nership business and carry full Une of Hardware and Implemeiits, of Brown's Mfg. Co., and OUver ChiUed Plows, etc.. Also a fine line of harness. Mr. Farrell is a citizen of the Osage, a son of John Farrell, of Irish nationality. His mother was Miss Mary Canville, of French and Osage ancestry. He was raised on a fertile farm on the Arkansas river. He married Miss Laura Goad, the sister of the senior member of the firm. Mr. Goad is a native of Kansas, but has been farming in the Osage about fourteen years. Mr. Daw- son, the silent partner. Is also a Kansan, but recently came to the Osage, and entered this firm. These boys are building up a fine business in this line. Mr. Farrell is a fine type of the Osage descendants and one of the few young men of the citizens that have launched out in the mercantile busi- ness and is worthy of all confidence and patronage, with his co-partners. They own valuable property in town and Mr. Farrell has a fine farm in the Arkansas valley. Mr. H. G. Burt has one of the larger stocks of general merchandise in Fairfax. He is a native of Missouri and did a mercantile business in Kan- sas City prior to coming to the Osage eighteen months ago. He is well fitted by training and experience for his general business. He owns valu- able property in town, including his one-half block appearing in the cut. He carries a full Une of di-y goods, fumisliings, groceries, pi-oduce, and pro- visions.. He and Mr. Jenness, his clerk, are kept busy selling goods to their growing patronage. OSAGE JUNCTION. Is just south of Hominy, in the Arkansas river valley. Here a branch line of the railroad runs down the rich valley to Tulsa, I. T., and to Mus- cogee. It is only_four rniJes Jronj. iC'eveland and^has two hotels, and one general store, run by^feEO. H.'sAixON & COMPANY, TJ. S. Indian Traders, with a livery barn in connection. B. M. EJvans Is postmaster, and T. M. Alby, proprietor of the Metropolitan Hotel over the store. The Osage Inn, a large railroad hotel and cafe is under the management of Mr. A. Duke. There is also a section house and small round house, and a depot building. 131 Thfl Morledge Livery, Feed and Sale Barn,. as shown in the cut, is owned jointly- by L,. B. Morledge and W. G. Lynn, who built the barn in May, 1905, and one of the best in the Osage country. Mr. Morledge and son, "W. R., now conduct the livery barn, Mr. Lynn having- sold his interest in this part of the business. They are natives of Ohio, but have been in the Osage for thir- teen years, in the cattle business, both of which they still conduct, with finan- cial success. Their business place shows pride and push for their town and section. They are enthusiastic in all public enterprises for Fairfax. Such men will ensure the growth and prosperity of the town. Miss Morledge, his daughter, is one of the most graceful horesback riders among the young ladies of Fairfax. BURBANK. O. T. Travelig north up the beautiful valley of Salt creek (perhaps so-called because of some saline springs along it) we pass Mr. Jim George's before we reach the pretty location of Burbank Station, lying at the base of the towering hills westward and touching the rich valley, hemmed by the grove- lined stream of blueish water, with crescent bend to the «ast, all upon the fertile farm of Mr. Anthony Carlton, who has platted a fO-acre townsite frona the station west. Here Mr. McCorkle, and son, built the first dwelling and store, is postmaster and acting depot agent as no operator is here at present. There are a number of families in the village, who have built a school house where Miss Lillie Shields teaches about 30 pupils, and where different sects hold services at times. It is a fine location for a town to build rapidly in the near future. Already a large elevator is built to store and handle the large grain trade. It appears in cut wit a mammoth pile of corn to the left, and Mr. Corkle's store between them, with Mr. Carlton's home in the distance beyond the creek. These business men will welcome any legitimate industry here, where there is a most excellent country to sus- tain it. As you pass up the beautiful broad creek, you can see the well im- proved farms, (in order), of Chas. Donovan, Stewart Mongrain, Joseph Pearson, Frank DeNoya, Jr., Tom Hall, son-in-law of Frank DeNoya, Sr., Jake DeNoya, Mr. Hickmon, also son-in-law of Mr. DeNoya, who lives just above him, Mr. Roach, Mr. Barber, Mr. Sam Roach and Geo. Carlton, all well-to-do farmers ready to make Burbank a flourishing little town, all of whom the writer would gladly give a sketch, but has not the facts at hand to do so. "Write Mr. McCorkle or Mr. Carlton for any information. They will gladly serve you, and give every inducement to other industries. 132 Mr. Anthony Carlton. Mr. Anthony Carlton, whose home appears hi connection herewith, is located just one half mile east from Etirbank station, owns the land upon which the station is located,- and the townsite of 20 acres wnich are platted, and lots being leased to any desiring to locate business or homes here. Mr. Carlton is the son of Mrs. Augustine Donovan, the wife of Chas. Donovan, who was formerly Mrs. Carlton. Mr. Anthony Carlton is said lo be one of the most model men among the Osage citizens, a good man, a model father and husband. He married Miss Mary Plomondon, also of Osage ancestry, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Moses and Clemmy Plomondon. She is a; medium fair blonde and shows no characteristics of Indian ancestry of v.'hich both she and her husband are only distant descent. She is a most excellent wife, homekeeper and mother of three fair, beautiful children, all girls, Marie, Ethel and Francis. Mr. Carlton is an extensive farmer, and raises many stock. His farm lies on the Salt creek bottoms, and second bot- toms, the richest land in the Osage. He hj.s many young fruit trees grow- ing and other good improvements. He will gladly welcot.ie any legitimate business and industry desiring to locate at Burbank. The writer had the pleasure of the hospitality of Mr. Carlton, Donovan, and Mongram ror a night and day while seeing Burbank's beautiful and rich surroundings. Tlie Home of Anthony Carlton. 133 THE MERCHANTS OF BURBANK, O. T. Ira McCorkle, the only merchant up to 1906, of Burbank, was born in Polk county, Indiana, 1861, came to Pulaski county, Mo., In 1877, was mar- ried to Miss Martha A. Sanders, Oct. 22, 1882, and had a ramily of seven children, six of whom are still living. Coming to Oklahoma in 1901 he first engaged as foreman during the construction of the Eastern Oklahoma R. R. till its completion, then went to merchandising at Burbank, Jan. 12, 1903, where he was the first, except Osage citizens, to make improvements in this vicinity. Then the R. R. Co. built a depot and the Kaw City Mill and Eleva- tor Co. erected a strong 10,000 bushel capacity elevator, and 2,000 per day. Being located in the best grain producing section of the Osage, they ship more grain per capita population than any other point, as there are no full bloods here, and many of the thrifty intermarried citizens cultivate their own well improved farms. Mr. McCorkle started with little capital, but is rapidly increasing his trade, and here is a fine opening for othler enterprises to build up the town, and lease lots till Mr. Carlton can deed them some '^namiff/ss^A'/^ P^W^b:Eil ■^m WW«^ %: % M:'mtk^ ^-^..,...;»W General Merchandise & Hardwai'e Store of McCorkle Burbank, O. T. future time. Most of the Osage descendants are only one-eighth, or six- teenth, and mostly excellent people, rich and stylish with whom any one could associate with culture; and honorable in their dealings with each other and strangers. Mr. McCorkle and his family belong to the Christian church and gladly welcome all services here, and in the school house and church about four miles southwest, with 2 6 scholars, both recently built by enterpTising people. Besides Mrs. Jas. George, he has two other daughters, Mrs. Nora (G. L.) "Wayman, and Mrs. Dora (G. E.) Waller, bqtji married in Pulaski county. Mo. ffls~so'n;' Robert, married Miss Lu'la Peterson of Kay county, O. T., all of whom now live at Burbank. Mr. McCorkle and his family are congenial, hospitable people, and furnish the only hotel accom- modations so far, in the town, over his store and postofflce. He will gladly answer any inquiries for location at Burbank. 134 The Home of Mr. Mongrain. Mr. S. J. Mongrain, ,a part of whose farm residence appears in this cuthas a promj .nent historical connec tlon with the Osage people and countr-". He is a decendant or one of the earliest citizen families. His grandfather was Newell Mong-rain, a Frenchman who came to the Osages among the Fi-enchfur trarlers with the Choutean family while in Mlssou ri, and first lived in St. Louis where ho owned property. Mr. S. J. Mongrain's father came with the Osages to Neosho coun ty, St. Paul,ir the Old Osage Missions where hedied. He was married three times. He was one-half Osage, his mother being a full blood. He was United States Governmental Interpreter from sixteen years of age till he lied in 1865. The man of this sketch is one of four living children. He was schooled in the Osage Mission in Kan- sas, came here two years after this Home of S. J. Mongrain. Cornelia Means of Pawhuska, a full white girl, and has three children. He has two fine, fertile farms joining on Salt Creek with good improvements in houses, farms and orchards of all section was set apart for the Osage varieties of fruits. He has about 700 and lived on Big Caney for seven acres of land in cultivation and years, then came to his present lo- cation and kept batch for five years as a ranchman, but at last concluded that life would be more delightful on keeps two hundred head of cattle and about one hundred horses. He is a pleasant hospitable man to be and con- verse with. His family spends much the ranch with acompanion and sought time at Olathe Kansas to school their and ,wed the heart and hand of Miss children. THE FIRST VILLAGE BLACKSMITH, K. C. NORRIS, the first and only blacksmith in the vicinity, at Burbank, is a native of Kentucky. He has been blacksmithlng about 45 years, beginning when a small boy, even beginning to shoe horses at nine years of age in Cumberlad county, Ken- tucky. His father was a blacksmith. He came to the "Five Civilized Tribes" 28 years ago' and wielded his trade at various places in the Territory. He made the run in the first opening of old Oklahoma, where ne got a claim 12% miles from Oklahoma City. But during the three dry years he aban- doned it, thinking it worthless, allowing another to take possession. But six months afterwards was offered $5,000 if he would prove up on it and sell ii. Now it is worth many thousands of dollars. He came to the Osage in 1905 from Mokamah, I. T., and is doing a good blacksmithlng business. He lost his wife in 1895, but has five children with him to make his home a bright and happy one. 135 "Be It ever so humble, there's no place like home" By oourtesv of Mr. Chas. Donovan, of Burbank, Oklahoma Territory. 136 Mr. Chas. Donovan, who lives one mile above BurbanR Station, was formerly from Illinois, but lived some years in southern Nebraska. He came to the Osage country about '86; and soon won a most amiable and intelli- gent lady, Mrs. Augustine Carlton, the mother of Anthony Canton. She has the reputation of being one of the most cultured women, and fluent conver- sationalists among the Osage citizens. Mr. Donovan won a prize in winning me hand and help of such a lady. He Is one of the most congenial gentle- men in the Osage, and a most successful farmer and stockman, farming some of the most fertile valley land of Salt Creek. He has only two chil- dren, both boys, Charley and Jesse. Mr. Donovan is one of the men in the Osage country who had an exciting experience with the notorious trio, Doolm, Wilson and Star, who attempted to hold up a Santa Fe train at Wliite Eagle, but failed by information being given to the crew, who opened the throttle and ran past the gang. They then made their escape by tak- ing two black cavalry horses from the regular soldiers stationed at Ponca City. They came east, stopping on the farm of Mr. Donovan to change horses leaving him an exhausted bay pony, but only after a fierce battle in which about forty shots were fired, 20 apiece. When ordered by Mr. Dono^ van to leave his horse they began firing. He rushing into his house, seized his rifle and taking his stand upon his porch flred as long as they were in sight, wounding one, and perhaps two, while he narrowly escaped the well nimed shots of the desperadoes, halted at 800 yards distance, by watching the smoke of their guns and quickly jumping from side to side. The bullet holes still show in his front porch, and three in and around a window where they supposed he was first taking aim, and two within a few inches or where he was standing near a side door. Historians herald the brave deeds of gen- erals and men in battle, with comrades on each side, but few excel the hero- ism of Mr. D. standing alone in the defense of his home and horses. OSAGE TOWNSITE BILL. Passed', as an Amendment to Indian Appropriation Bill, March S, 1903. That there shall be created an Osage Townsite Commission consisting of three members, one of whom shall be the United States Indian Agent at the Osage Agency, one to be appointed by the chief executive of the Osage tribe and one by the Secretary of the Interior, who shall receive such com- pensation as the Secretary of the Interior may prscribe to be paid out of tha proceeds of the sale of lots sold under this act. That the Secretary of the Interior shall reserve from swiection and allot- ment the south half of section four and north half of section nine, town- ship twenty-five north, range nine east, of the Idian Meridian, including tha town of Pawhuska, which, except the land occupied by the Indian school buildings, the agency reservoir, the agent's office, the Council building and the residences of agency employees, and a twenty-acre tract of land includ- ing the Pawhuska cemetery shall be surveyed, apprised and laid off into lots, blocks, street and alleys by the Townsite Commission, undet ruies and regu- lations prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, business lots to be twen- ty-five feet wide and residence lots fifty and sold at public auction, after due advertisement, to the highest bidder by said Townsite Commission under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the In- terior, and the proceeds of such sale to be placed to the credit of the Osage tribe of Indians: Provided, that said lots shall be appraised at their real value exclusive of improvements thereon or adjacent thereto, and the im- provements appraised separately. And provided, further, that any person, church, school or other association in possession of any of said lots and hav- ing permanent improvements thereon, shall have a preference right to pur- chase the same at the appraised value, but in the case the owner of the im- provements refuses or neglects to purchase the same, ♦hen such lots shall be sold at public auction at not less than the appraised value, the purchaser at such sale to have the right to take possession of the same upon paying the occupant the appraised value of the improvements. There shall in like man- ner be reserved from selection and allotment one hundred etnd sixty acres of land, to conform to the public surveys. Including the buildings now used by the licensed traders and others, for a townsite at the town of Hominy, and the south half of the northwest quarter and the north half of the south- 137 Mr. and Mrs. James B. George with Their Six Kne Sons and Daughters. He has a fine ordchard of apples, peaches, plums cherries, grapes etc., surrounding the house. He has one of the oldest large barns, built of pal- isades and logs of large size, but has erected another of large dimensions with cribs or bins holding about 10,000 bushels all full this year. His corn crop of 300 acres will yield about 40 bushels to the acre or nearly 10,000 bushels and his two sons will have about 8000 bushels more. He also keeps a herd of 400 or 500 cattle and about 100 head of horses and mules. With their sons and daughters near them it is an ideal country home and happy family where hbspitality and congen- ality are apples of gold painted in silver frames. Only James M. is mar- ried. He wed Miss Roxanna, October 1 1903, the amiable daughter of Mr. Mc Corkle, the merchant of Burbank and took her to his ' cosy cottage on his fine farm by the old home, and baby James (grand Jr.) George adds another link in the family lineage since October last. Mr. George is of Ossage decent but of so advanced degree that he in- herits but little Osage blood and a most excellent progressive young man. His kodak took the Burbank views. way between Remington and Burbank is one of the most prominent farmers in this section. He first married Miss Marguerite Carlton of Osage ancestry by whom he had four children, two boys and two girls, James, Jr., Syl- vestea, Mary and Ruby. After her death he married Mrs. Mary Mongrain, the widow of James Mongrain who had three children, Edith, Rose and Louis, a boy who died while a baby. The accompanying cut shows Mr. and Mrs. George with his two sons and daughters. Ruby and Mamie and his wife's two daughters, Edith and Rose Mongrain, party taken at Mt. Carmel Academy at Wichita, where the three young ladies are now attending school. The Mongrain family is one of the noted families of the Osage gltizens freguently mentioned in their treaties arid laws. Miss Edith a most lovely character died while atteridirig North Missouri Academy at Salsberry Mo. Mr. Gongre -.'s two sons are still with him. James, Jr., married a Miss Roxie McCorkle, of Burbank, and lives near his father, 2 miles from the station. Mr George has one of the best im- proved farms aii the reservation on Salt Creek. 138 REMINGTON, O. T. In proceeding north on the railroad up Salt Creek valley, about 8 or 10 miles from Fairfax, we reach Remington station, where the COUNTRY MANSION HOME of Louis Leonard DeNoya is located, one-quarter rr^ile irom the station. His place is known as the X-B'ar, (X with a bar under it) ranch. He is the son of Frank and Martha DeNoya, the latter still • living at Bartlesville, I. T. His home built here four years ago is one of the finest country dwellings in the western states, costing over JS,000. The fine double-deck verandas all around the outside cost alone nearly $2,000, an adeal country dwelling. It has 18 large, beautiful rooms, elegantly furnished at some thous- ands of dollars' cost. Moquette and Axminster rugs, Brussels and other fine carpets cover the hard, smooth floors. A Steinwa,y piano and Pianola costing $1,000, for his parlor, besides another fine piano for the sitting room, and children's practice; a Regina Music Cabinet, costing $250 in the reception room and a $100 solid brass bedstead in one room with finest make of mahogany and oak furniture for other rooms show the elegance of his home. Bach of his children, Frederick, Clement (nicknamed Budge), Josephine and Ruby each have a room with their names printed on the doors. Four more beautiful and bright children could nownere be found in one home. Their mother, who was Miss Josephine Revard before mar- riage, and a handsome, bright, devoted mother, was lost by a sad accident from a runaway team, near her home, one year ago. Mr. DeNoya has lived here nine years, and runs a general store and postoffice. He is just com- pleting a department store, and bank building, and threu pretty cottages for employes. He has a private school In books and music for his chil- dren under the instruction of Miss Mable Herriman of Pawnee. The large east room, first floor, is the billiard room with table, cues, etc., for friends who enjoy this game. W;ould that all games could be con- fined to the home for Innocent recreation with select friends, then all gamb- ling might soon cease. 'Tis not games, but the wrong use that makes greedy gamesters. Not the feet keeping time to merry music in the wind- ing, wheeling, whirling waltz, two-step' and schotische, but in excess, and public promiscuous, "sporty" associations, within the embrace of many twining, oft-polluted arms, pressing each to heart, that tune human nerves to many discordant strains that surely follow. Unwise is the man of today that opposes any innocent recreation, because unwisely or badly abused by some. Let us rather raise all rights to ideals that know no wrong by early teaching of the youth. Here you see immense bins for grain, filled from the rich prairie and valley surrounding X- Ranch, or DeNoya villa. He once owned 7,000 head of cattle, but now has only 4,300; but is still one of the largest dealers and -Shippers of cattle in the Osage. This is a great grain section; seventy bushels of corn have been produced per acre on X-Ranch bottoms. Mr. DeNoya has erected an 18,000 capacity elevator and grist mill at the station, and last fall received more than they could easily handle. Remington is only a flag station now as no agent is kept in the depot. When looking over western Osage don't fail to see X-B'ar Ranch and its hospitable proprietor. The memory of a pleasant entertailnment here will long linger with the writer. For the lack of photographer, to take views we regret that cuts do not appear to show the ideally of this country villa and fine orchards. ALL, HAIL TO OKLAHOMA STATE The greatest territory, including Indian Territory, that ever knocked at the congressional door for addmission to statehood, after years of seeking admission, are, at last, seemingly about to be admitted. The bill as passed unanimously by the senate, with amend- ments; one to allow the people of the "Twin Territories," and New Mexico and Arizona, to vote on affairs of most concern to their people, as the capital location of Great Oklahoma, an amendment by Mr. Teller, and carried by 31 to 39; and for N. M. and Ari. to decide each as to whether they desire Joint statehood, is a wise piece of national legislation, as only the people of these sections should have a right to decide for their best future course. For Oklahoma and I. T. have, still, great resources to develop, and N. M. and Ari. have only begun good. The motion of Mr. Burrows to separate the interests of the southwest territories was the part of a true statesman, but lost on the first vote of 35 to 36. Mr.Foraker's amendment to give N. M. 140 na.-n '■ °PP°'''"'^ity to vote on joint, or separate, statehood, was as mag- thP "S.'T\-T-*'® '^"'^'" '® *°^ '^'^ effective temperance meaure, but believes lahn ■^''"^^f^'on" (?) clause should apply to both eastern and western Ok- int + • ' °^ neither. The appropriation of $5,000,000 for educational interests is O. K., and the provisions to set aside sections 16 and 36 in each township of land m Okla. for public sale is to be commended, for several reasons. It is to hoped political contentions in the house will not longer aelay the bill. Upon the Hne prospect of the "fair" bride or "ship of state," coming m a few days, this history closes with congratulations for Okla- homa and her young Governor in the following dedicatory verses: i Mr. James Bigheart, ex-chief of tlie Osagies, after whom Bigheart Townsite is named. TUUE FRIENDSHIP. Dedicated to the Osage, and Oklahoma, January, 1906, New Bride of State. True friendship is our golden chain and charm, So bards in romance often sing. In life's onward rush a mighty arm To man's success in life, home, ere love, or anything. In confidence, companions sought a bond most sweet, Without her fostering, tender care Our pleasures, joys, wealth, are fleet, Our fame and genius weak, and victories most rare. Then while your pen may dry, oft silent be. Mine in friendship's realms, shall roam; Back, back again, fair one! to thee — If but for one reply: "I'll meet you in my home." Though every straw in Osage fields of grain Were pens, streams Homa's showers of ink, Seas of snowy cotton, parchment, he'd ne'er complain, Of unquilled sounds, while of him you think. For written words may be but broken wings, Tho' beautiful as Birds of Paradise expressed. And sweeter far on tongue that sings. You may return, in thought and memory you'll rest. — Phil Dickerson. 141 BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF THE OSAGE COUNTRY UP TO OCT. 30, '05. (P) — ^Pawhuska; (S) — Skiatook; (H) — Hominy; (F) — Fairfax; (B) — Burbank. Banks — (P). First National, Citizens National, and B. of Commerce. (S). — Skiatook B., B. of Skiatook. (H.) — Hominy First National. (F.) — Osage B., and First National. Bank of Remington, (O. T.) Builders & Contractors. — (P.) A. V. Llnscott, A. H. Hunt and Mr. Beck, Blacksmiths. — (P.) C. B. Thomas, J. C. Ferguson, Main St. Shop. (S.) V. F. Pinson. (H.) Shaffner & Bennett, A. B. Patterson. (F.) J. H. Dull. (B.) E. C. Norris. Barters. — O. S. Shop, E. F. Kreyer, Mgr., and J. R. Kreyer and Jno. Vandervert, assts; Blue Point, R. D. Blanc, Mgr.; A. M.Goltra shop'; T. T. Roberts, H. A. Gosney, W. W. Martin, assts. (S.) C. G. Tlnklepaugh. (H.> J. G. Eversole. (F.) Jno. Sherrill & Son. Bakeries, Confectlonaries, etc. — Curtis Bros., Enterprise, Arthur O'Delt & M. O. Stephenson, Oscar Ada, Benton, B. F. Parsons. (S.) C. F. Rogers (C); H. D. Swearinger, (B.) — (H.) Butternut B., H. L. Geeno & J. B'. Meadows, Prs. Doctors, M. D's. — (P.) J. M. Way, Government Physician; Jos. Dunn,. Harry Walker, Geo. Dunn, W. H. Aaron, R. L. Hall, B. A. Jones, J. A. Speck, Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Barton, (D. C). Geo. H. Grady (V. S.). Mr. White, (V. S.). (S) Jos Sheafe, L. A. O'Brien, J. M. Poindexter, J. C. Nickols (Hill- side, I. T.). (H.) Dr. Mulllns, Dr. Fraley, Dr. Spiers. Dentists. — (P.) F. C. Gale, J. B. Talbutt, J. L. Hamilton. Druggists and Jewelers. — (P.) Percy J. Monk, Osage Drug Co., E. E. Patterson, Mgr.,A. E Patterson, elk., I. F. Anderson, pr., Jerry L. Hartan- bower, fik. Skiatonk Drug Co., Dr O'Frl^n Ch- ike- Diug Co., J. Noble- Thompson and T. F. McVay. (H.) Mullins Drug Co. (F.). Carl H. Hudson. Furniture. — Baker-Cerney Co., Johnson & Fowler, Eureka 2nd H. Store. (S.) C. C. Nickles (& Undtg.) (H.) Jas. West & C. L. Kelly. General Merchandlise. — Old Red Store, C. M. Hlrt & Co., Osage Mer- cantile Co., W. C. Tucker, Mgr., Geo. Pratt's Price Store, & W. A. Day; Racket, Mrs. M. C. Hardwlck, pro., L. W. N. H. elk; McLaughlin & Parrar, (T. H. & F. W.), — W. D. Parry, H. R. Sargent, Miss Mary Loeb, W. W. Math- ews, (D. G. elks.) — C. C. Garlinghouse (furniture). — H. W. McLaughlin N F. Overfield, J. R. Tolley & C. I. Calhahan, (Gro. elks.)— W. A. Daniels, Don- al Farrar, (clo. elks.); — Roy Tolley, Frank Foote, Arthur Hunt, Elex Rob- erts, (Lbr Yard). G. J. Wilkinson B'k'. Miss Grace Luppy cashier; — Mid- land Valley Mer. Co., Leonard Poison, Mgr., A. Y. Shaw, V. V. Campbell (elks.); J. W. Parson's (Notions & Racket). Citizens Tra.li-g Co.— A. H. Gibson, Mgr. Emory Gibson, (fullblood) James ^^'^^t.'"*' L ^V 1^''"^^' ^"-^ Mrs. Nona P. Bamdollar, stockholders', Oscar Burdette, W. J. Boone, Miss Annie Wheeler, (elks). J. H. Comer (b'k'r ^ W. E. Hewitt & Son, Skiatook,— W. C. Rogers, Chas. Strange, A B Parks' (clks.)^ J. H^Craig & W. C Webb. Feighly & Son; A. E. Townsend & Co ;' L A. Tyler, Master T. O. Jameson. Hominy Trading Co.; Fred Wood- M. F. Fraley, Harris & Nash, (Ofeage Jnc.) Saxon & Co. Fairfax— J L Van Sant (Mil. D. G. & Ladies Furnishings), L. A. Wismeyer, J. B Wilson- H CorclTi S^r'""^"""^' '^' "'''°^^' '■ ^- ^°°'"' "''''■ Burbank. Ira 'mc: Groceries— (P.) Hunter Bros. J. A. & W. D.; C. B Peters rFlour Xr Feed). Prank Jay (Geo. Stacy, elk.). J. W. Edwards (Hay & T)m? Younger. (P.). Harris & Sapp. ^ '• ^^■ Hotels— Pawhuska House; Midland, Leland, J. B. Maker Pr • Carlton House, J. J. Rhodes Pr.; Watkins Bdg. House, Skiatook, WhUney & Seland G. A. Whitney, pr. Commercial & Cafe, O. E. Mason Pr — (H f Com' mercial H. M. WIestbrook, Pr.; Chautauqua, W. H. Stout, Pr - MerchanTs" E. N^Carnett, Pr.; Osage Jnn. (Jnc.) A. Duke, Pr. Metropolitan TM AN by, Pr. (F.) Ponton House. ' ^- ^^ Hardware— (P.) Baker-Cerney Co. (& furniture.) Hays Hickerson Plumber; Flannagan & James plumbing. (S.) Fred Lynde Plummer ani Machinist; C. C. Nickles. (H.) J. H. Stumpffl, Jr., Jno. & C L KeUeT (P ? Ross & Hunsaker, (& Furn. & Undtg.) Goad, Farrell & Co. (Hard. &'Har.). 142 Ston^B^rn n T^*"* ^^°"' Yards.— (P.) Thos. Leahy & Son, (Will.) Hansen w -r w n'^'J" ^°" ^^- ^'^^ ^"'^'^'^ B^™' »■ B- ^aher Pr. Chris C R Hkr^'a^ ^ n'- f"'?..^o^''' ^"''' °^^'^ ^ Hall. Red Store Yard, ifiw V^ r,' T ^'■- ^''^'^'' ^^- ^'^ °^^^« J"°- Saxon & Co. (S.) John Har- k SoL"" W.''N.'Baliard^-' "^^ ^^ "= ^^■"^ ^estbrook-s L. Barn. \f:) Morledge W R ^v^Lr^^tf'"^^-^ Spurrier, IDuncan Bros., Dickason-Goodman &, Co., ^- ^^^^^"^^^f; ^^'^■- ^^^'"J^^'^- Co., L. C. Snodgrass, Mgr.; Minnetonka Lbr ro' T"/V T A ^f- ^^-^ ^- -^^ ^- ^^"°^"- J^«- Beebe. Mgr.; Hominy Lbr. Co. (F.) L. A. Wismeyer Lbr. Yd., F. D. Waugh Mgr Laundry — Jet White, Wiayland Wood Pr r ^'^*T.^f™*°'' ^'^— <^-^ °"^^^ M- & E. Co. (S.) Cherokee M. & E. Co., S. M. Patterson, Mgr. Fairfax Grain & E. Co., McGraw Bros Mgrs Law— (P.) J. N. Coulter, Jno. T. Leahy. E. F. Scott . Hardin Ebey, Isaac D. Taylor, E. W. King, (notary). Judge E. N. Yates, (U. S Com Hargis Bros., H. C. & Wrightman, Fulton & John Palmer, C. S. McDonald J. D. Mitchell; P. A. Shinn. (S.) C. N. Cleveland (N. P.), Chas. H. Nash. (N. P.) Millinery. — (P.) Mrs. G. H. Saxon; Famous, Le*na Jarrell; J. F. Berry- hill & Sister (Mable); Mrs. Ollie Crabbe; Mrs. J. W. Parsons. (S.) Mrs. W. R. Beydler; Misses Dora & Rose Miller. (F.) J. L.Van Sant. Meat Markets — (S.) Curtis Eros. (F.) G. A. Morris Market. P. Spir- ling, Mgr.; Jesse Glvens, A. N. Hinkle. (S.) City M. M., G. C. Smyth, Pr., J. W. Stewart, Mgr. (H.) W. H. McConnell; Palace, T. P. Countryman, Pr. (F.) M. E. Ponton's Market. Men's Clothing Tailoring — Schaeber C. Co.; B. Liebenheim. (S.) R. F. Sunday, Shoes, C. & Racket. Real Xistate — Pawhuska Realty Co.; Carlton & Tolson, E. M. Demsey; StefEen & Smith; W. M. Dial & E. W. King; Geo. B. Mellotte (R. & Ins.) Ewing F. G. A. Morris (Insur.); Mr. Baker; C. N. Prudom. (S.) C. H. Cleve- land; Chas. H. Nash. (F.) Wm. Bennett. Restaurants — (P.) Blue Point, Ed Simpkins, Will Hall, Fred Cross; Home, G. O. Williams, Pr.; Gem, H. W. Kuhlman, Pr.; Main St. Res.; Moss Cafe, Mr. & Mrs. C. A. Moss, prs; Chilli, Joe Lenaris, Juan Rodrige. S.) Whitney Cafe, Jonathan Carr. (H.) A. L. Henston. (F.) H. R. Patton, (S. O.) City Res't., W. H. Palmer, Pr.; Barney Gibbs. Photographers — (P.) Mrs. Gladys Hargis, and Geo. W. Hargis; G. W. Parsons; (H.) Mrs. Alma Spiers, Mr. Cavner, Ralston. Painters, Paper Hangers — (P.) Chester Yake; E. R. Larey; Henry Barnes, (Bug. & Car. P.). (S.) C. H. Keller. Miscellaneous — (P.) J. C. Pollard's Bottling Works. — J. C. Mendenhall, (Singer Co.); Osage Roller Mills; Wm. Kelley, boot and shoe maker; Osage Tol.' Co.; P. S. Harris, Mgr.: — J. W. Bradshaw, house mover — MoKinny & Miller, carp. shop. W. E. McGuire, postmaster. — Rink Opera House, Mr. Woodring' Mgr. — (S.) A. B. Morris, Billiard Hall. (H.) C. C. Hopkins shoe & Boot Mfgr., Martin Tel. System. (F.) Kavr City Tel. Co., R. L. Bristo, Pr. P. M. Osage Jc'n. FRATERNAL SOCIETIES. A. F. & A. M. — Saturday in or before the full moon of each month and two weeks afterwards at 7:30. J. W. Franks. W. N.; J. H. Comer, Sec. Eastern Star — The 1st & 2nd Tuesdays in each month at 4:00 p. m. P. J. Monk, W. P.; Mrs. E. M. Campbell, W. M. I. O. O. F. — Every Monday evening at 7:30 p. m. Ed. McMahon, Sec; Chas. P. Leech, N. G. K. of P. — Every Wednesday evening 7:30 p. m. Wm. Kelly, Rec; E. Wheeler, C. C. Modern Woodmen — Every first and third Friday evening 7:30. W. A. Daniels, Clerk; P. Splrllng, V. C. Juanita Camp No. 2593 Royal Neighbors of America — Meets 2nd and 4th Fridays of each month. Mrs. Jennie Splrllng, Oracle; Mrs. Linda C. Daniels, Recorder. (COPYRIGHTBD FEBRUARY 1906.) by Philip J. Dlckerson. 143 SOjVG of the Tl^AVTELER GOING AND COMING ON THE MUSICAL TIME "THE METEOR." For as straight a line as the buzzing bees fly, Carrying their honey to their distant hive, More direct and rapid than th^ beautiful dove. So silently fleet as carrier pigeons move, Returning, afar, from strange lands, home. Your latest of messages from friends long gone. Ere your loved ones themselves as all go and come. To or from Splendid Trains of easy sitting chairs. In Pullmans, or sleepers, or diners, who cares. Not alone by day in tourist-sightseeing cars; On! as well by night, under moonlight and stars. Speeds i6 THE METEOR" of the To and from all points of the compass. Through The Great Osage Reservation Dispatch to all Frisco Terminals, ' "THE MET'EOR.'" * FROM HERETO THERE. From ^ On a gun line Chicago to Quanah, Texas From Kansas City to Ft. Worth & San Antonio, From St. Louis to Oklahoma City and Guthrie; ,) From Evansville, (Ind.> and Springfleld, to Enid, Oklahoma. From Eureka Springs ' Anthony, (Kansas). From Memphis to Wichita, From "^ Ellsworth. Kan., to Hone, Ark.. Prom Joppa, (Egypt, 111.) to Avard, Oklahoma, From Birmingham to Denver and Colorado Springs, and each taps the Osage Country as the center of, ***** ** ' t»^1f ***J I,1fil„l , i t i^ ^ 144