^j ■ of Ifesufi of : "nv MS DONE \ ' own Hands "^^m.^,^ IM MITRAT& COMS .MADISON mm CHiiEAMMITRATg; COMMSTIfcg, 25 MADISON AVEMUiF, New York State College of Agriculture At Cornell University Ithaca, N. Y. Library Cornell university Library S 651.V67 Vle«onheCNea.nnrateworKsand^ 924 001 589 260 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001589260 VIEW OF THE CHILEAN NITRATE WORKS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF RESULTS OF WHAT NITRATE HAS DONE IN THE GROWERS OWN HANDS PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM S. MYERS, D.Sc, F.C.S., Director Chilean Nitrate Committee 25 Madison Avenue, New York i. :K.::- : V -^ '^^ ^■•<^ »''f 1 iL.'r^^5/^»"'>2«ife--'' -s' ft is*;. 4:\ j Boring test holes. Blasting a test hole. 3 Opening up trench after blasting: showing extraction of caliche by piece-work. Loading caliche into carts. 4 Tipping caliche into crusher-hopper. Loaded train arriving at crusher-hopper. 5 Top of caliche hopper; carts tipping caliche. ^'^''\v^- -i^^ »■• vi\ A'.-Mli^JiTii.'j,/ i.-^ .'A- •- -^ ^ • . -ir*^ . ^ ■ %V' fjjt. 1 1- u^ ,, ^^■■'^■'s.'^^^i'^'' <<'> ■ , .• ^-^^'-, i^&=>r- *^ ^ ■ •■ ^^-■* '^ivMffff^rv'^/^.^.;).^,^^^^^''^^^^^ , -. •-- - ^. - — '"^ ., .ip^T" • - »» ■*..,.'."-*;',,.''' '' 'K ' ,^"'"-^W'^^' *\ . --'' ' -'^ ' --<> ^ - - . ^""^^Z^* l^. '1 A 1^ *. * - '. -■ v;-^..-:::::;"--''-'^'^''' ■' ■' ' ' ■■'^'' ' '■■' ' " - ' ■iif'^ 1 '•' 1 IM "'. ■ V-r..?:^';;' v^ - . .; ■.: . ,-- -^-^^g^^B^^^'*^ "— « I f" 1*23.14 il^' --^ ip^ ci*^ '^^•v tsim:^!^¥^ 1 C.'. M W^ J ^fc''» *• , ''" '""■;, ' Ht ^ * B// --1. » >w„,.i-^-; ■ ' '•'■'ytiflei!^ 'M*wjr * 1 .'. , ^ ,' ■i'"--j&( ' ^W^' ? ■- «*■ ' ' ■^*' -*» h '- . ^"■'v^faE^.Wti ■ '^rm'- Um^-at':"""'"'^''''--' '^ '^'i^i«%-,-« IBP*'- T'.*"- , .■ HT ^-A ! ■ tfts.i\\^\ , ^«4jr""!m;: ^-^^-^'-^ r,#T?^" ,«>> 1. ^ """*■ * m ;■/ . V,.^ ^' ■^:V: is i'.' S355ft\ *'-«S.-,/Wi:: 1 III rMingrr • --icS°:i,. .,,3. ■*■,.' ■.»■■' * yi-^Jm JMt^wi;»^.. .ife^WBBe^HB^MliP^^ .^.^^mf'^' jnlHSI^^BSS^^^SPBflv' ^;'^-. m Steam boilers. 6 Main engine. Elevators from crushers to boiling-tanks. 7 Gang ready to enter boiling-tank to discharge refuse. Conveying refuse from underneath boiling-tank to dump. Crystallizing pans full, filling and empty. Emptying crystallizing pans into cars. 9 Piers with cars for conveying contents of crystallizing pans to drying floors. Loading railway trucks for conveyance to port of shipment. 10 Carriage of coal from store to boilers. Laboratory. 11 Exterior of Iodine House and water-deposit tanks. Interior of Iodine House; packing Iodine in kegs. 12 13 General view of Nitrate and Iodine plant. Fresh water distributing station. 14 jsm ,>ft.-..^ ;;*w Exterior of Administration House. Railway Station at Iquique: Goods depot. 15 WHAT NITRATE HAS DONE IN THE GROWERS OWN HANDS 17 COTTON— 4 BALES. The average yield of five Egyptian acres of Cotton where Nitrate of Soda is used at the rate of 100 lbs. or more to the COTTON— 2 BALES. The average yield of five United States acres of Cotton of average production and aver- age fertilization. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. CORN IN EAR— 24 BUSH- ELS. Average product per half acre for U. S. of corn with average farm fertilization. CORN IN EAR— 56 BUSH- ELS. The product of half an acre of corn fertilized with Nitrate of Soda, honie mixed with Phosphate and Potash. 18 Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. OATS— 30 BUSHELS. OATS— 65 BUSHELS. Average product per acre for the U. S. of Oats with average farm fertilization. The product of an acre of Oats fertilized with Nitrate of Soda. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. WHEAT— 14 BUSHELS. WHEAT— 37 BUSHELS. Average product per acre for the U. S. of Wheat with aver- age farm fertilization. The product of an acre of Wheat fertilized with Nitrate of Soda, home mixed with Phos- phates and Potash. 19 COFFEE. Porto Rican Experiment. Fertilized with Nitrate of No Nitrate. Soda and Acid Phosphate at the Yield 205 lbs. Coffee, rate of 300 lbs. per acre each. Yield 402^ lbs. Coffee. ■ BR ■ ■ PR fc 1 ^S^L' "V ■» Ej H W^ W'- i ^K"'" p| ^ Wi/./-MB Wm is 1 ^'ay- .■ HMI ^^mi r-" m "■T ' i \ - .-. ^, COFFEE. Porto Rican Experiment. Fertilized with Nitrate of Fertilized with Acid Phos- Soda and Acid Phosphate at the phate at the rate of 300 lbs. per rate of 300 lbs. per acre each. Yield 402^ lbs. Coffee. Yield 270 lbs. Coffee. 20 RESULTS AT HIGHGROVE, CALIFORNIA. Yields of 3 plots of equal size. 4 Boxes Oranges with no fertilizer. 9 Boxes Oranges Fertilized with Acid Phosphate alone. 15 Boxes Oranges Fertilized with Ni- trate of Soda and Acid Phosphate. RESULTS AT CORONA, CALIFORNIA. 32.2 Boxes Oranges. Yield of 1/10 Acre Fertilized with Acid Phosphate alone. 41.1 Boxes Oranges. Yield of 1/10 Acre Fertilized with Nitrate of Soda and Acid Phosphate. 21 SUGAR. Porto Rican Experiment. Fertilized with Nitrate of No Nitrate. Soda at the rate of 400 lbs. per Yield 1860 lbs. Sugar, acre. Yield 4340 lbs. Sugar. SUGAR. Porto Rican Experiment. Fertilized with Nitrate of Fertilized with Acid Phos- Soda at the rate of 400 lbs. per phate at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre. acre. Yield 4340 lbs. Sugar. 22 Yield 2170 lbs. Sugar. SUGAR. Porto Rican Experiment. Fertilized with Nitrate of Fertilized Soda at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre. Yield 4340 lbs. Sugar. with 12-5 Factory Brand of Fertilizer at the rate of 600 lbs. per acre. Yield 2480 lbs. Sugar. Fertilized with Soda at the rate of 400 lbs, acre. Yield 4340 lbs SUGAR. Porto Rican Experiment. Nitrate of Fertilized with Sulphate of per Ammonia at the rate of 290 lbs. per acre. Sugar. Yield 3100 lbs. Sugar. 23 t! nl •- lA O-o (U >, ,. o "* « iJw •o R) in .. o J- o ^ii § -MB ^ 3 ""i o |2 i. s Sl < o u O « -t o. n u < [H A p< M 0 fino i -mW i:£ o 24 Fertilized in 4 applications at the rate of 400 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. 759p increase and 6 days earlier. BLACK WAX BEANS. No Nitrate. Fertilized in 4 applications with Nitrate of Soda at the rate of 400 lbs. to the acre. BEANS (Seed). No Nitrate. BEETS. Fertilized in 4 applications at No Nitrate, the rate of 500 lbs. Nitrate of Pulled in 72 days after seed- Soda to the acre. ing. Pulled in 56 days after seed- ing. Fertilized with 300 lbs. Phos- phoric Acid and 100 lbs. Potash per acre. Yield 4500 lbs. Beets per acre. SUGAR BEETS. Fertilized at the rate of 300 lbs. Nitrate of Soda, 300 lbs. Phosphoric Acid and 100 lbs. Potash per acre. Yield 9900 lbs. Beets per acre. 20 Fertilized in 5 applications at the rate of 575 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. EARLY CABBAGE. No Nitrate. 1 ^^ PI vt a^m i mmA "^ ■»mB fctjU ^.. .^Ji I -u| 1 K 7 1 € b Fertilized in 3 applications at the rate of 600 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. LATE CABBAGE. No Nitrate. 27 EARLY CARROTS. Fertilized at the rate of 500 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 4 applications. Matured in 67 days. No Nitrate. Matured in 142 days. Fertilized at the rate of 300 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 2 applications. LATE CARROTS. No Nitrate. 28 CUCUMBERS. Fertilized at the rate of 324 No Nitrate, lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in First picking July 22. 15 applications. First picking July 1. CUCUMBERS (Pickles). Fertilized at the rate of 324 No Nitrate, lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in Yield 948 dozen. 15 applications. Yield 6739 dozen. 29 ENDIVE. Fertilized at the rate of 300 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 2 applications. No Nitrate. Fertilized at the rate of 300 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 2 applications. KOHL-RABI. No Nitrate. .30 Fertilized at the rate of 675 lbs. Ni- trate of Soda per acre in 6 applica- tions. Yield 756 bu. On- ions per acre. ONIONS. Fertilized at the rate of 375 lbs. Ni- trate of Soda per acre in 4 applica- tions. Yield 482 bu. On- ions per acre. No Nitrate. Yield 127 bu. On- ions per acre. EARLY PEAS. Fertilized at the rate of 300 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. First picking June 8. No Nitrate. First picking June 17. 31 EARLY POTATOES. Fertilized at the rate of 450 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 3 applications. Yield 297 bu. per acre. No Nitrate. Yield 92 bu. per acre. LATE POTATOES. Dr. E. B. Voorfiees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. No Nitrate. Yield 231 bu. per acre. Fertilized at the rate of 500 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 1 application. Yield 374 bu. per acre. POTATOES. 25 Potatoes grown without 25 Potates grown with Ni- Nitrate of Soda. trate of Soda. LATE SPINACH. Fertilized at the rate of 350 No Nitrate. lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre in 2 applications. 33 No Nitrate. TOBACCO. Fertilized at the rate of 100 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. OATS. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. 200 lbs. of Bone Dust and 8 loads of Stable Manure per acre. Yield 30 bu. per acre. 1,000 lbs. Lime, 400 lbs. Acid Rock, 200 lbs. Muriate of Potash and 100 lbs. Nitrate of Soda per acre. Yield 60 bu per acre. 34 CORN. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. Fertilizer, 300 lbs. per acre Minerals and 150 lbs. per acre Nitrate of Soda. Rate of yield, 100 bu. Ears per acre, excellent quality. Fertilizer, 300 lbs. per acre Minerals only. Rate of yield, 80 bu. Ears per acre, poor quality. CORN. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. 100 bu. of Ears per acre. Fer- tilized with 200 lbs. Nitrate of Soda, and 200 lbs. Minerals. 30 bu. of Ears per acre. Fer- tilized with 10 tons of Stable Manure and 200 lbs. fine-ground Bone. 35 HAY CROP. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. HAY CROP. Dr. B. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. 30 OATS AND PEAS. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. Yield, 3,500 lbs. per acre. Fer- tilizer, 300 lbs. Minerals and 150 lbs. per acre Nitrate of Soda. Yield, 2,300 lbs. per acre. 300 lbs. per acre Minerals only. i i m ml M i € wmm-^ OATS AND PEAS. Dr. E. B. Voorhees' Experiment, Highlands Farms, New York. Another view. 37 u I; 1) u s: S U |- n] *^ ,; t/^ O D-^£ rn -" (M (N O CTi "^ > < v oi rt ^ -O u K .ii; o"^ « K 2 u o S a a fe > CT3 »' Is « < «i^ pa ^£- ^ ° '— CO O -M U-) CO ^ ■* fe^^ O.Ji " ■Z.> u rt u -rt 1> o 0. w w ■o c >, c ^ o n a o-K J5 W o -c K ti-at but ure < c E O No Ni elding re of c X u > > a >^ re X W H a; ii *; u o E itra t ra acr HH u n1 2 re "- H o te X bJi o. > ed T,^3 W t- -*-■ TJ u Q 1- 3S * *. Li a.Ti . o CO < O tfl u u . f—i o ** •a o» — S " (1(2 2^5 is.'*- - 15| 1° in w ^H 1— • X O < o o ♦io .■a "^ S «5 00" rSoo ^1 Ii V o I V fa o.5> S 3 &5 INDEX VIEWS OF CHILEAN NITRATE WORKS Blasting a test hole 3 Boring test holes 3 Carriage of coal from store to boiler 11 Conveying refuse from underneath boiling-tank to dump 8 Crystallizing pans, full, filling and empty 9 Elevators from crushers to boiling-tanks 7 Emptying crystallizing pans into cars 9 Exterior of Administration House 15 Exterior of Iodine House and water-deposit tanks 12 Fresh water distributing station 14 Gang ready to enter boiling-tank to discharge refuse 8 General view of Nitrate and Iodine plant 14 Interior of Iodine House 12 Laboratory 11 Loaded train arriving at crusher-hopper 5 Loading caliche into carts 4 Loading railway trucks for conveyance to port of shipment 10 Main engine 7 Map of South America 2 Opening up trench after blasting 4 Piers with cars for conveying contents of crystalizing pans to drying floors 10 Railway station at Iquique 15 Steam boilers 6 Subliming retort in Iodine House 13 Sulphur ovens in Iodine House 13 Tipping caliche into crusher-hopper 5 Top of caliche hopper 6 WHAT NITRATE HAS DONE Asparagus 24 Barley for Hay ?" Beans Beets Cabbage Carrots ' Celery Coffee Corn, l'~ Cotton Cucumbers Endive Hay 36, 3b, Kohl-Rabi Oats 19, 34 Oats and Peas Oats for Hay Onions Oranges ^» Peas 31 Peas and Oats 37 Potatoes 32, ?' Spinach b j Sugar 22, Sugar Beets Timothy Hay Tobacco Wheat Wheat for Hay n'* - -*- -=- » 2. -Ji.-=.«^i— ^ ■»- ^ I- ta^iM