U9% 111. I k 'f»f«i«.o- T' CORNELL^ UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM v... Date Due -iu./iU & 4 4ssttir >-iy 1 1 ,'1 _J£li=.n .. "»**-4Ht iJUj i|!| IJ - — IBHEHMi ^^^^^^^ 20 "P^ f 'RivPr. - ^^. =M---,", - . nam *' - '■ '-! - ' ■—••\\j\ 'unt.' F CHh93 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028819659 Col WiiLiAM. Pre^cott \ OV THE. — OjV THE. TUi^El7.l77>- ®„ PACE az . CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE: A HISTORY OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS, 1775—1887. WITH SURVEYS, RECORDS, AND TWENTY-EIGHT PAGES OF . PLANS AND VIEWS. BY JAMES F. HUNNEWELL, AUTHOU OF THE HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF FRANCE, THE IMPEBIAL ISLAND, ETC. BOSTON: LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY. 1888. ^ Copyright, 1888, Br James F. Hunnewell. Univeksity Pkess : John Wilson and Son, CAMBEroQE. t. «.<=■«? % TO MY SON, fames MtlUlU mmmtll, THIS HISTORY OF HIS NATIVE TOWN IS DEDICATED. CONTENTS. Page Frei'ACe is A Century of Town Life 1 The Town burned in 1775 2 Its destruction, 6; extent of the fire, 8; losses, H. The Kebuilding of the Town 15 Its condition in 1785, 17; 1st bridge, 18; newspaper, 18; print- ing, 20 ; and churoli, 20. The New Town 22 History, 1783-1834 24 Religious, 24:; Politics, SO; Business, 31 (canal, 31; real estate, 32; manufacturing, 34; banking, 34). Condition, 1834 35 History since 1834 38 Religious, 38; Politics, 42; Business, 45 (railroads, 45; compa- nies, 48; Waverley House, 48; banks, gas, and water, 49). Places of Public Worship, 1783-1887 50 Institutions 61 Benevolence, 61; fire societies, 64; military, 65. Other Public Buildings 67 Powder-house, 67 ; Convent, 69 ; Town HaU, 71 ; School-Houses, 72; Places of Amusement, 73. Monuments 74 OldBurial-Ground, 74; Bunker Hill, 79; soldiers', 82 ; statues, 82. National and State Institutions, etc 82 Navy Yard, 83; State Prison, 84; McLean Asylum, 85. Old Houses 86 VI CONTENTS. Page Libraries and Literary Societies 98 Social History 104 Plan of the Village of Charlbstown, 1638, (with a description) 109 Plans of the Town burned in 1775 and afterwards rebuilt . . . 112 With a Survey of the lands and buildings in 1775 and since, and no- tices of occupants. Claims for Losses in 1775 157 Historical Sketch of the First Church 175 Its Records, 1789-1832 193 Admissions, 194; Baptisms, 206; Marriages, 240; Deaths, 255. Bibliography 261 Before tie Revolution, 262; BunkerHill, 265; since 1773, 269; Ad- dresses, Annexation, 269; Benevolent Institutions, Bridges, 270; Canal, Catalogues, 271 ; Churches, 272 ; Companies, Con- vent, 273 ; McLean Asylum, Memorials and Lives, 274 ; Mili- tary, 276; Newspapers (full list), 277; Schools, Societies, 278; State Prison, 279; Trials, 280; Works printed in the tovm, 1786-1836 (full list), 281; Authors, native and resident. 292. Index 301 ILLUSTEATIONS. 1. Statue of Col. William Prescott Frontispiece. From a pen and ink drawing by H. Jackson, as also are 13, 16, and 26. To insure accuracy, all are based on photographed lines. 2. Charlestown in Flames Page 3 Reduced from Barnard's "England," folio, 1783, 3. View of Bunker's Hill 8 From the "Gentleman's Magazine," Feb., 1790. 4. Charles River Bridge 19 From the "Nqw York Magazine," Sep., 1795 (differing in sky, boats, wharf, etc., from a view in the "Massachusetts Magazine," Sep., 1789). 5. Malden Bridge from Bunker's Hill 20 From the "Massachusetts Magazine," Sep., 1790. 6. Spire of the Meeting-House of the First Church . . 52 With changes in the body of the house, proposed 1803. 7. Elevation of the Side of the Interior, 1804 .... 52 8. 9. Plan of the Pews on the Floor, 1804 52 10, 11. Plan of the Pews in the Gallery, 1804 52 Both are before the alterations in 1804, and the six pages are reduced from drawings made at that time. 12. View of Charlestown, 1848 59 From a sketch made on Cambridge road. 13. The Powder House, 1887 67 14. The Town Hall, and Warren Phalanx, 1838 .... 71 From a lithograph of that date. 15. The State Prison, 1806 84 Reduced from a copper-plate then printed in Charlestown. 16. House of James Russell, 1790-1866 89 17. Navy Yard and Old Houses, 1826 91 18. House of Jas. F. Hunnewell, 1887 96 From a photograph, drawn in ink by E. L. Dean. Vlll ILLUSTRATIONS. 19, 20. Sketch of Charlkstown, 1638 109 Arrangement of the village, founded on the " Book of Possessions." 21. Map of the whole Town, 1794 113 Plans op Estates in 1775, etc. 22. I. The Square and Neighborhood, 114. 23. II. Town Hill, Bow Street, etc., 129. 24. III. Main Street, Henley to Thompson, 142. 25. IV. " " thence to N. of Wood, 148. Six pages, 19, 20, 22-25, from drawings by Jas. F. Hunnewell. 26. Tower of the First Church, 1887 175 27. List of Church Members in 1789 193 Eeduced from the quarto page of Record by the Rev. Dr. Morse. 28. Title of the Rev. Thos. Shepard's "Eye Salve," 1673 . 261 Probably the first work (except two almanacs?) written in Charlestown and printed in this country. From a copy owned by the writer. In illustrating this volume the writer has continued a practice adopted by him for sev- eral other books that he has published or privately printed. He has examined all that he could find (in some cases a large number) of the plates relating to the subject treated, and from them has reproduced what is best, or practicable, having some regard to age or rar- ity, more to excellence or interest, and most to accuracy. Of the illustrations here (28 full pages), 12 have been made for the work, 19 are from pen-and-ink drawings, 5 are from old and scarce plates, 2 from newer but not common, 1 is from Record, and 1 from a title very rare in such fine condition. Nearly all the originals are in the writer's col- lection ; but the Record (27) belongs to the First Church, the plate of the Town Hall (14) to the Bostonian Society (both copied by permission), one (16) belongs to the Charlestown Public Library, and one (17) is used by the courtesy of Mr. Edes. Five subjects are for accuracy based on photographed lines, and seven pages are from drawings by the writer (12, 19, 20, 22-25). At first he thought of reproducing a considerable number of wood- cuts, made in the course of the past fifty years, as the only existing representations of buildings destroyed or altered ; but as some of the cuts are rudely engraved, and most of them are inaccurate, they are omitted. Eveiything given here (except curiosities, 2 to 5) can be relied on, even the view in 1848 (12), which, though it has little art, shows very closely the forms and positions of meeting-houses and prominent buildings as they then ■were. Views of Bunker Hill Monument are so numerous and good that none seem to be needed here. Of course more might be given, but the number is already liberal, the selection is careful, and the subjects are representative. PREFACE. ' I ^HIS book contains, first, a history of Charlestown, Massa- ■*- chusetts, from its destruction in 1775^ to the present time, in which the characteristics of growth or action — about all for which this busy world has time — are shown unincum- bered by a great deal of detail. Next, there is a sketch, very hard to make, of the original town in 1638, and then, with more minuteness, a survey of the town burned, and of build- ings at that time and since on the ground, together with notices of occupants, — showing how the writer was obliged to work lot by lot through hundreds of estates and diversi- fied or complex accounts in order to make a simple statement of the limits of the fire and the nature and position of the losses. Following this are records, entire, and not extracts, important and hitherto unprinted, in regard to a great num- ber of the inhabitants from 1775 to 1832, continuing records (1632-1789) that he has already made public. Lastly, there is an addition to his Bibliography of the place (1880) with fresh matter, a list of native or resident authors, and another of all the books (107) and pamphlets (100) that he has yet 1 The history of the town before its destruction, as is well known, has heen written, and by two authors who were ideals of what was desirable for their work. The Eey. Dr. Budington (pp. 39, 54) gave us the religious part, while the civil was presented by the Hon. Eichard Frothingham, who was by family connected with the town from its settlement, and was for a long time active in its affairs. Both of them were fully acquainted and identified with it, and were widely known ; and the writer, as well as others, whose friends they had been from boyhood, felt a sad loss when they passed away. Of the large territory formerly in Charlestown, but now Somerville, but little of the history is given in this book, as it is already prepared by another writer. X PREFACE. found printed in the town through fifty years after the press was established there (1786-1836). To all this various mat- ter he has made an index referring to some 5,000 names, where in mentioning families with many persons he has ex- tended the division to their first initial. Charlestown is perhaps a unique place in the country. While it has a history from 1629, at least, it was wholly re- built, except in its outer or inland parts, since the Declara- tion of Independence, and has since, by an annexation, ceased to be individual, and has, in one way, become that American rarity, a completed municipality. Hence it is, certainly to some extent, a representative of what that important member of the body politic, an American town, might or would be, when, also in a way, beginning and ending under the influ- ence of a century of the national life. The writer's authorities are records, deeds, plans, private statements, the nearest complete collection of books and pamphlets about the place, and his own observation or long acquaintance. He has lived in the town and has known many of the people there through its course of change from mod- erate size and municipal individuality to doubled population and subordinate position as a part of a great city, and has seen many of the old, sometimes once large, families passing away. It is with interest in the familiar scenes and people that he writes their story, with an endeavor to be correct and just, to describe things as they have been or are, and to keep within limits that should protect what is private, in the last particular feeling, perhaps, more at liberty with his own than he would with what pertains to others. No one can write such a story without here or there some slip ; but in only one book does a single error make a wicked Bible, and in all human books, and even in some criticisms on them, there will be errors about facts, as well as opinions on which there are disagreements. Sufficient care and labor have been spent by the writer to make him feel that confidence can be safely put in the present work. In one part, however, he is obliged to feel doubts, that is in regard to the Plan, 1638. It is an approximate one, — all that ever can be made, — for the early PREFACE. xi descriptions and deeds are so vague or imperfect that nobody- can now safely be positive, or be accurate except in a few- particulars. Another exception must also, and partly for like reasons, be added in regard to the Survey, 1775 ; for while the writer feels sure about a large number of the many estates, about some he is in doubt, and generally has said so on the spot. Only one who has attempted to reconstruct from scat- tered materials a town burned over a hundred years ago can realize the dif&cultj of the work. The writer has, however, gained the end he proposed, that of learning closely the extent and nature of the town destroyed. In regard to any exact legal case about an old estate, the course to be taken is told on page 110 ; it is such as a business man would follow, for in such a case there is little in type on which he would rely. It is easy, in one sense, to write about the place where one was born, and has lived, and known many people, and when memory and observation, or print and writing make one feel sure about a great deal. Yet in another sense it is hard to describe events and objects without offence or without a cer- tain exaggeration or vagueness apt to appear in local books, — to be obliged to compress, and to omit much, and yet to tell what the results, and monuments, so to speak, really are, so that some correct idea may be had of them ; to look at them, indeed, as from the outside, as the world might, and not through the confined range of a merely local vision. Not only is it desirable, but in varying degrees it is impor- tant, that certain materials, or results of observations should be preserved, and those who can furnish them should at least try to do their part. Hence the writer feels that there is not only a reason for the present book on his native town, but that it properly accompanies other works on distant subjects that he has published. His first attempt at recording his observations was in what might be called only regions of ro- mance, but they included a great deal of real nature along with matter-of-fact antiquities, topography, and history, all made charming by the creations, as well as the genial char- acter and beneficent life of one of the world's great men of genius. " The Lands of Scott " was the result. XU PREFACE. Enlarging, or changing, a systematic observation from a personal or romantic subject — important nevertheless — to the history of a people, the writer was led to examine the objects that form their most expressive records, — the re- ligious, civil, military, and domestic works that embody the thought and spirit of the ages. These, far more than some persons even dream, are of extreme value, for they show the very essence, and most vivid and truthful expression, of his- tory. Yet precious as they are, many persons to whom they relate will take little care to save them. Our own country has not been excessively attentive to our scanty possessions. In another country the writer had seen the results of syste- matic efforts to preserve a great number of objects, some of them very large, making an admirable history of a nation through nearly sixty generations. His "Historical Monu- ments of France," with extensive details and fuller descrip- tions of representative works, shows how her Commission for their preservation, already fifty years old, has, notwithstand- ing all mistakes, done noble service, and proved a model for England and America. To those who speak the English tongue, and who are now spread throughout the world, the historic structures of the home-land are of even more interest. After many visits to a great number of these, the writer in a compact yet comprehen- sive way, showed their position both geographically and in the history of England from an obscure wilderness to world- wide rule. His "Imperial Island" (Boston), or "England's Chronicle in Stone" (London) not only shows this, but also may fairly stand as a trustworthy account of their condition and chief features, described from his own notes on the spot as they are to a great extent. As such an account of their subjects the three books will stand, and to them, based also on personal observation and helped by much illustrative ma- terial, is added the present volume. On Charlestown ground there are few historic stones to save other than those in the old burial-ground. There are a few buildings and paintings, two or three public statues, and one great monument to be kept as long as possible. Our PREFACE, xiii maternal political ancestor left us few old things to care for, except records that she was not allowed to handle. Yet in regard to her we can feel that former trials are past, that our ends were secured, and that, in a friendly spirit, we should now not dwell on the past, but recognize her immense value in the present and future of the world's civilization. With a desire to tell the story of the Bunlier Hill town since it arose a real Phcenix, and to help preserve what might be lost, the writer presents this book. If his words here prove, as they may, his final words about the old familiar place, they end with kind remembrance of it, and with the best of wishes for Charlestown. KoTE. — The printing of this book was begun June 21, 1887, at page 109, and was continued to page 300. Page 1 was begun Sep. 20. Meanwhile subjects for some addi- tional statements have appeared. In regard to Bunker Hill, Lieut.-Col. H. N. Fisher has made and exhibited to the Bostonian Society (Oct. 11) a large and notable map of the town and the Battle, — an important addition to the topographical and military literature of the place and event. An immense panorama of the same subject has been painted, and will be exhibited. Of detailed claims for losses in the town, June 17, 1775, the writer has seen (Jan. 26) that of Thad. Mason (see p. 131), the only one not examined when the survey (pp. 112- 56) was prepared. Mr. Mason had, painted throughout, a three-storied house, with a new porch (papered), and** six rooms and the staircase handsomely papered ; " also a new barn, chaise-house (28 x 16), woodhouse (26 X 14), hogsty, henhouse, two sheds, etc., and a "Summer House on the Bank handsomly finished, papered & painted, with a Cellar under it ; " also in a garden about "30 fine thrifty fruit Trees as Cherries, Pears, Plumbs, Quinces, &c., & Currents en? to make 40 or 50 Gallons of Wine yearly." Be- sides furniture, etc., he lost " 2 large painted Family Peices carv'd gilt Frames £4. 16. j 10 metzinto Pictures, under Glass, gilt edg'd Frames a 5. 4 each — £5. 6. 8," and " 28 Pictures painted on Glass gilt Frames a 3. each — £4. 4." He also lost about 65 books (titles all given, 11 of them folios), but including scarcelj' anything of what is called Americana; but there were also "ab'. 200 Pamplets, as serm^ &c. great Part of 'em val- uable a 4*1 each," and "News Papers for 40 years past" (not valued). His total esti- mate for his books and pamphlets was £10. 14. 8. (See pp. 14 and 98-100.) The praiseworthy desire to make known interesting historic spots has led to the prep- aration, under the lead of Wm. Murray, of a tablet with an inscription that tells its own valued storj': "Here was boen | SAMUEL FINLEY BEEESE MORSE | 27 April 1791 I Inventor of the | Electric Telegraph." The stone is to be on the front of his birthplace (see p. 149). There, says Dr. Prime, Dr. and Mrs. Morse "began house- keeping, shortly" after their marriage, "in a hired house on Main Street." In a work about the town the honors conferred on its distinguished native should be named. He was a member of the Historical Institute of France (Dec. 25, 1835) ; Royal Academy of XIV NOTE. Fine Arts, Belgium (Jan. 12, 1837) ; National Institution for the Promotion of Science, Wastiington (Oct. 12, 1841) ; Arcliseological Society of Belgium (June 12, 1845), American Pliilosopliical Society, Philadelpiiia (April 21, 1848); Eoyal Academy of Sciences, Swe- den (Oct. 3, 1858) ; and Soci^t^ de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Dec. 20, 1866) ; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston (Nov. 19, 1849) ; LL. D. by Yale College (Aug., 1846) ; Gold Medals from the American Institute (Oct. 18, 1842) ; Prussian for Scientific Merit (April, 1851); Great of Arts and Sciences, Wurtemberg (Feb,, 1852) ; do. Science and Art, Austria (Aug., 1855) ; Order of Noble Exalted Glory, Sultan of Turkey (Jan. 22, 1848, his first decoration from a European sovereign); Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, France (1856) ; Order of Dannebrog, Den- mark (Dec, 1856); Commander of the First Class, Order of Isabella the Catholic, Spain (May 11, 1859) ; Tower and Sword of Portugal (Sep. 20, 1860) ; and S. S. Maurizio et Lazare, Italy (March 31, 1864). For these and many more particulars see "Life of Sam- uel F. B. Morse, LL, D., Inventor of the Electro-Magnetic Recording Telegraph. By Samuel Irenffius Prime." 8vo. pp. xiii + 776. Plates. N. York, 1875. To the Bibliography should be added the very interesting list of books given to Har- vard College, in 1638, by its founder, and printed in the "Bibliographical Contributions," edited by Justin Winsor (No. 27, 1888). "There were evidently over 300" volumes. Of the titles, sixty-five per cent are Latin, and all are much abbreviated in the list, which is headed : " Catalogus librorum guos dedit dominus Bermrtus \_Harvardus] Collegii hujus patronus." Also, at the last moment, has appeared a work on one of the old and well-known fami- lies : " Memorial of James Thompson, of Charlestown, Mass., 1630-42, and Woburn, Mass., 1642-1682 ; and of Mght Generations of His Descendants. By Rev. Leander Thompson, A. M." 8" pp. 244 (2). 36 illustrations. Boston, 1887. A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. npHE first lessons in local history that the writer had -were -*■ in his father's house, at what were called old ladies' par- ties, when several relatives, who were girls — one of them nine- teen years old — when the town was burned, used to spend the day with his grandmother. They had been intimate through long lives, and many a story of their early days they told. Memory brings back clearly that pleasant group, as they sat in their black dresses and quaint white caps, chatting, and now and then having their odd little laugh that in a sunshiny way lighted up their then wrinkled faces. Not a word of unkindly gossip was heard, but they talked of things long past that they still well remembered, of the alarm when the British came back from Lexington, how women and children were rowed over Medford river, and how the red-coats looked in Main Street. What the old ladies said was undoubtedly quite as true as a good deal that we call history, and it was certainly much more interesting, — especially than some of the matter we compose from dry bits of record. They knew all the people, too, and could make them seem living if they were not. Their talk of them was far different from the poor little string of items and dates, some dubious, that forms what is called a genealogy. To the writer they then seemed of age beyond counting, and it was strange and entertaining that they could discourse in such ancient lore. But alas ! there was no short-hand writing, or any note-taking; like their good selves, and the times and people they talked about, the most that they said has vanished, and they seem to flit by the desk where these lines are written, 2 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. and mingle with shadowy scores and hundreds who in years past have been guests in the old house, and fill it with associ- ations to be cherished in silence. Still, the writer's observation supplies much, and there is a good deal to be gleaned from written or printed statements or records, that, when sifted, and facts are used, and safe deduc- tions made, will help to a pretty full and true story. It is in- teresting to look at this material, to find what it amounts to, and, so far as we can, what the old town was just before and after the great fire in 1775, and then watch the growth to the present time. To do this, we had best at first look at the be- ginning of the town, and then take a somewhat careful survey of what there is about the ending of Provincial Charlestown. THE TOWN BURNED IN 1775. In trying to get some clear idea of the town burned by the British, June 17, 1775, — the first great material sacrifice of our countrymen in the war for our national independence, — the writer was at the outset led to find out what was the original village from which it grew, and thus to make a plan of it, — now the oldest part of the chief city of New England. In these two respects a survey of Charlestown has, as properly belongs to it, much more than a local interest. The colonists under the Massachusetts Company were to be established on its territory. The place for the capital was chosen ; pioneers came to make ready for a large number of settlers ; and thus Charlestown was founded in 1629, and in July, 1630, many hundreds of English — men, women, and chil- dren, — were trying to live in huts and tents on or around tlie Town Hill, at the foot of which was the Great House, shelter- ing the Governor and his chief associates. Changes in plans followed. A large part of the people went to Boston, and a small population remained. Who were the persons, and where they were in 1638, is told us, although in a puzzling way, that the writer has tried to make clear by fitting the parts of a very disjointed account on a map he has drawn for his own help, and has put, with explanations, in this book (p. 109), where it may THE TOWN BTJENED IN 1775. 3 be of other service. So vague are the early descriptions, and so imperfect the deeds remaining, that no human being can make the old lines exact, nor can even opinions always agree. When we try to understand clearly what the town was on the morning of that memorable day in June, 1775, we find that there is a much greater puzzle before us than we would have thought before we tried. Every one who knew about it died long ago, and what is left us in black and white on paper is slight, indefinite, or mixed, and requires sorting. Views printed or drawn, we might suppose would help us. If we look at those either of the town or the battle made near the time, we find them, nearly all, like those made by hundreds in England during the last century. They show certain feat- ures, but in a vague way, with slight regard to perspective or accuracy. An exceptionally good view — and it is good — is a sketch reproduced in the " Memorial History of Boston " (Vol. III.), but the scale is so small that we learn little from it about details of the town. An extraordinary view of the battle, in Cookings' " American War " (1781), re-engraved in much larger size in Barnard's "History of England" (1783), and the plate by Eomans (Penn. Mag.), show a town ; but one as unlike Charlestown as it well could be. Indeed, of these, as of the few other views, we may say that we are glad we have even them, but that they are curiosities, now rare, rather than representations. In another art, also sometimes vividly graphic, yet often, as are these views, very imaginative, we find no more help, and as much to mislead. The poetry of the age reveals either little, or such a passage as this in "An Eulogium on Maj: Gen. Warren (1781) by a Columbian" (p. 18). "Amazing scene ! what shudd'ring prospects rise 1 What horrors glare heneath the angry skies ! The rapid flames o'er Charlestown's heights ascend, To heaven they reach ! urg'd by the boist'rous wind. The mournful crush of falling domes resound, And tott'ring spires with sparkles seek the ground. One gen'ral burst of ruin reigns o'er all, The burning city thunders to its fall ! . . . Beneath prodigious unextinguished fires, Ill-fated Charlestown welters and expires." 4 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. In the drama of "The Battle of Bunker's-Hill " (by H. H. Brackenridge, 1776), we find only this allusion to the confla- gration (act v., sc. X.) : — "A town on fire, and rushing from its tase, With ruin hideous, and combustion down.'' John Burk's "Bunker Hill, a Tragedy" (1797), omits the episode, and " The Fall of British Tyranny ... a Tragi-comedy of Five Acts" (Phila., 1776) refers to it in prose (act iii., sc. vii.), but shows only some of the popular feeling aroused, in the comments of a ^^ Neighbour. A terrible black day it was, and ever will be remembered by New England, when that vile Briton (unworthy the name of a Briton), Lord Boston [Gen. Gage], (curse the name !) . . . a fratricide ! 't was he who fir'd Charlestown, and spread desolation, fire, flames and smoke in ev'ry corner; he was the wretch, — that waster of the world, that licens'd robber," etc. In "America Invincible" (Danvers, 1779), we find also only a reference, but with it an assertion of the effect of the fire on the provincial forces. "Not CharUstown's flame that spiring high arose; Nor all the smoke that aided to oppose ; Could shake the firmness of Columbia's Band, To yield submissive the adjacent land." Rev. Robert Colvill, in his "Poetical "Works" (London, 1789), speaks of brave gentlemen who died on " the field of battle, before the walls of Charleftown," and Cockings, in the "American War" (London, 1781), stating that his "design has been to relate authenticated facts," writes in this way (p. 17):- " From house to house the conflagration spread ; Ear-piercing shrieks ; heart-rending groans, aud cries ; And terrifying shouts of vict'ry rise : Amidst the desolating wild uproar, Forth rushed th' inhabitants from ev'ry door, To sex, nor age, no place an azyle yields ; In crowds they ran, and sought th' adjacent fields ; Swifter than they, the rapid bullets iiew, And some ill-fated persons overthrew." THE TOWN BUENED IN 1775. 5 As to the " crowds," Dr. Stiles (quoted by Mr. Prothingham in his " Siege," p. 202) wrote that " the body of the people were gone," except " one hundred or two hundred, or more, men and women," when the battle had really begun, and Rev. John Martin (of R. I.), who for needed rest and refreshment made a brief visit to "Mr. Gary and son, still in their own house, . . . when a ball came through " it, says that he left for the Hill, and " then the town evacuated with all haste," — a movement about which the poet has used some license. At present, newspapers would contain rousing and detailed accounts of the fire, under a stai-tling array of head-lines in assorted type. If we tui-n to the " Essex Gazette " (then at Cambridge), a leading paper, a weekly, we find in No. 360, June 22, on the last page, without the distinctions of large letters or even of italics used in the advertisements around it, an account of the battle, written very temperately until this mention is made of the fire : — " The Town of Charleftown, suppofed to contain about 300 Dwelling-Houfes, a great Number of which were large and ele- gant, befides 150 or 200 other Buildings, are almoft all laid in Afhes by the Barbarity and wanton Cruelty of that infernal Villain, Thomas Gage." Without the slightest break by reglet or leading, the article ends with a notice of a marriage on " the 6th Inftant." This, the whole account (imperfectly reproduced in Hist. Mag., June, 1868, p. 375), is even more particular than the accounts in other papers at the time, and a notable example of the meagre information, or news, then supplied by the Amer- ican press. In the " Massachusetts Spy " (Worcester, June 21) is the mere mention that during the attacks on the Hill the town " appeared in flames in almost every quarter, supposed to be kindled by hot balls." The short account of the battle from which this extract is made is without specially distinctive head-lines, but it is printed in italics. In the " Boston Gazette " (Watertown, June 19) there is also only a brief mention of the fire, and other newspapers of the time elsewhere give little or nothing. Indeed, nowhere does there seem to be anything more than a general statement about the town, without details, affording no clear idea of its exact nature and aspect. 6 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. In regard to the time when the fire occurred, and the way it was started, we are favored with not a few of the variegated statements out of which history often must be shaped. Along with them we are also told about the time when the battle was fought, all of which particulars may well be added in a note. Note. — The hours here refer to the movements of the British troops. 8 a. m., says a "gentleman in Providence" (June 20), they landed, " and fired the town in divers places." 10 A. M., says Capfc. Hide (" N. Y. Gazette," June 26), they " marched out of Boston, landed in Charles-Town, and plundering it of all its valuable effects, set fire to it in ten different places at once; then" began the battle. About noon, says the " Boston Gazette " (June 19), they crossed. After the retreat of the Provincials, they set fire to the town, " beginning with the Meeting-House." Between 12 and 1, says the Rev. Peter Thacher, an eye-witness from the north side of Mystic River, they were crossing. At the "instant " they began to move on the works, the town was seen to be on fire, set from some of the British "batterys." This account is followed in the state- ment by the Committee of Safety, Provincial Congress (July 25). 1 p. M., says the " Essex Gazette " (June 22), they were crossing, and before their attack " set fire to the town." About 1 p. m., says Sam". Paine (June 22), they embarked, and, at near the time of landing, "the Ships threw Carcasses into [the town], and in a few minutes the whole [of it] was in flames." Meanwhile the attack began. In a letter based on letters from the camp (Force IV., Hist. Mag., 375) it is stated that about 1 a. m. [p. M.J it was learned at Cambridge that the Regulars were landing, but before help could reach the works "the battle had begun in earnest; " also that the British troops set the town " on fire with torches." About 1, says the Rev. Andrew Elliot, of Boston, the troops started from there; about 3 the battle began, and lasted perhaps an hour; and "amidst the carnage " the town was set on fire. About 2 the Br. troops embarked (" N. T. Gazetteer," July 13) ; a large body suddenly crossed to C. (Prov. Congress, June 28, to Com. at Albany) ; they began to land ("Mass. Spy," June 21; Mass. to Cont. Congress; Col. Prescott, Aug. 25) ; 2,000 landed (Wm. Tudor, June 23) ; they landed (Capt. J. Chester, July 22) ; a large army landed (I. Lothrop, June 22) ; about 2 they began to land (Mass. Prov. Congress to Cont. Cong., June 20), and at 5 " were in full possession of all the posts within the [isthmus]." 2 p. M., wrote Pres't Stiles, the attack was begun, and continued about four hours until nearly night ; elsewhere also writing that the battle lasted three or four hours to between 5 and 6, the hottest part being from 3 to 4i-. As to the duration of the battle, it "lasted 35 minutes with the mus- THE TOWN BUKNED IN 1775. 7 quetry" (says Capt. Chester, informed by a spectator "on Chelsea side"); it " lasted perhaps an hour" (says the Rev. A. Elliot in Boston, June 19); about four hours (says Dr. Stiles, Newport). As to the end, the Provincials retreated about 5 o'clock (says S. Gray, Roxbury, July 12) ; "about sunset" ("Boston Gazette," June 19) ; and the British held all the [peninsula] at 5 (Prov. Congress, June 20). Additional statements about the fire are found in several accounts. The " N. Y. Gazetteer " (July 13) from the Mass. Occasional Newspaper, states that the town " was set on fire during the engagement and most part of it consumed," (thus confirming the Rev. A. Elliot, Mass. to Cent. Congress, "Mass. Spy," I. Lothrop, and S. Gray, already mentioned). That the fire was set before, or at the beginning of, the attack, is stated by the "Essex Gazette," Capt. Hide, the Rev. P. Thacher, the Com. of Safety, Pres't Stiles, and Gen. Dearborn. That it was set after the battle is stated by the " Boston Gazette," and Wm. Tudor, who says, " After they [the Regulars] had forc'd the Provincials from the Hill, they fir'd the Town, which after burning two Days, exhibit'd a scene of Ruin unparalell'd be- fore iu America." In regard to the extent of the fire, we have a similar assort- ment of statements. The " Boston Gazette " says that it began " with the Meeting-House, and we hear they have not left one Building unconsumed." The same beginning is stated by S. Grray. " Charlestown is intirely burn't down " (adds Wm. Tudor, June 23). It " is now consumed to a wretched heap of rubbish" (adds I. Lothrop). We farther learn that the town, " consisting of near 500 houses and other buildings, was, by these bloody incendiaries set on fire and consumed to ashes " (Prov. Cong, to Com. at Albany) ; and that there " were three hundred Houses, all of which but perhaps two or three were reduced to Ashes & Euins " (Stiles's Diary). "Strait before us," says Gen. Burgoyne (June 25), was " a large & noble Town in one great Blaze ; the Chh. Steeples being of Timber, were great Pyramids of Fire above the rest." To Great Britain the Provincial Congress stated (July 25) that " the Town of Charlestown, the buildings of which were in general large and elegant, and which contained effects belonging to the unhappy sufferers in Boston to a very great amount, was entirely de- stroyed ; and its chimneys and cellars now present a prospect to the Americans exciting indignation," etc. Gen. Gage, who probably knew as much as any one about the events, wrote 8 A CENTTJEY OF TOWN LIFE. (June 26) that the town " was set on fire during the engage- ment and most part of it consumed." Gen. Dearborn added (1818) that " a very few houses escaped." From these statements, such as they are, it is easier to de- termine the course of events than the nature and extent of tlie town ; yet by a good deal of patience with materials that are described on pages 112, 113, the latter becomes clear, and the complete story can be briefly told. The American forces were entrenched on the hill by the monument, or variously posted along the fields to the river northward, or on the higher hill towards the Neck. The town was abandoned by the inhabitants, yet some buildings seem to have been used as covers by shooters more or less sharp. These latter fired on British troops, who, about 2 o'clock, landed along the shore at what is now the easterly part of the sea-front of the Navy Yard, or later began the battle. General Gage had repeatedly told the people of the town that he would burn it if they allowed it to be used as a base for hos- tilities against his forces (Frothingham's " Siege," 201), and he kept his word. There were reports that his troops were galled by firing thence, and the rebels audaciously stood on Bunker Hill. Accordingly shells were thrown towards the Square (do., 143) from a battery on Copp's Hill (Letter, June 25), and men from the " Somerset " frigate landed eastward, so that be- tween them all the town was soon, at various points, thoroughly in flames. The meeting-house was a conspicuous mark, and the conflagration may have begun there. It is, however, stated (1882) that buildings of Dea. Townsend, " near the foot of Chestnut Street and at the head of Maudlin's shipyard," were the first kindled. As to the nature and extent of the town thus set on fire, a clear idea can only be gained after laborious references to hun- dreds of details in several authorities described on pages 112, 118, and in what proves to be a very long note (pp. 114-155) where the writer shows how he has come to conclusions about what the people left behind and the British destroyed. By that time the village had grown a great deal since 1638, but more in population and houses than in area. The three THE TOWN BUENED IN 1775. 9 larger hills, of five on the peninsula where it was built, were still covered by pastures or mowing lots, and dotted by trees, which on some of the maps are profuse. Gen. Dearborn, how- ever, says that there were none " except some half a dozen lo- custs, as many soverns, and a few apple-trees." Two or three huge elms, one of which is yet living, are said to have remained. On looking around the occupied part of the territory it would, so far as we can suppose or know, have been seen, if we landed by the ferry from Boston (at the old, or Charles River Bridge), that along the low shore eastward there were wharves, and back of them a dock extending to the present Chelsea Street. Around the dock were distilleries, a tan-yard, warehouses, and the premises of coopers, shipwrights, and others engaged in commerce, while among, or a little back of, them, and spi-ead for perhaps a quarter of a mile, were dwellings. Directly in- land from the ferry, a short street, lined by shops and houses, led to an irregularly shaped market-place surrounded by simi- lar buildings. At the left, and projecting boldly into it, were a garden and the chief inn, " The Three Cranes," behind which were the homes of the two ministers. Close by the latter stood the Meeting-House, with a ratlier tall, slim steeple, and in, not by, the market-place (as often in old English towns), was the Court-House. Farther to the left, along the river-side, there were, as to the eastward, wharves, warehouses, a ship-chand-^ lery shop or two, and dwellings near by, as well as a distillery, and at a little distance farther another one. On and around the Town Hill, just north of the market-place, were more dwell- ings; others stood about the junction of Joiner and Warren streets, a few by the Training-field, and at the corner of the lane leading to it was another distillery. Winding around the hill, and then for a mile northward to the Neck, was the main road, narrow or wide, crooked or straight, as the lay of the land determined. On the east side, from the market-place to the present Thompson Square, was a succession of houses, almost without a break ; for between them were only small gardens or areas, and three narrow lanes 'that led to the Back street. Nearly opposite the present Union Street was one more distil- lery, or a part of it. On the other side of the street the houses 10 A CENTT7EY OF TOWN LITE. were not as closely set, and a little way above Wood Street they were scattered. Near the foot of Green Street stood a house and a barn, then there seems to have been open ground to a house at the corner of Hathon Place. Aside from the Main Street there seem to have been few houses. Beyond these limits, the buildings on Main Street were more separated for a third of a mile to a somewhat compact group, — the Mill Vil- lage. Beyond this, for half a mile, was land mostly open (see p. 152) as far as the Neck Village (pp. 152, 153). On the mainland along the roads to Penny ferry (Maiden bridge), to Medford and Cambridge, there were several houses and barns, and over a mile from the Neck, near Medford river, was the Ten Hills farm (p. 154). It will be observed that the buildings of the town were set closely along or near the sea-front from the present Navy Yard to the lower part of Bow Street, and in an almost unbroken line on Main Street to Thompson Square. A large part of them were built of wood, and among them scattered barns, several distilleries, and other inflammable structures. Conse- quently, when fires were kindled in the lower portion of the town, and the wind changed from southwest, as it was blowing (says Dearborn) to eastward, as it often does on a summer day, the flames were driven lengthwise of the town and burned as far as they could reach material to maintain them. Thus the main part of the town was easily destroyed, continuing to burn through the night (says H. Hulton). Some buildings, however, midway on Main Street (p. 149), and at the Mill Vil- lage (p. 151), were not reached by the fire, but guns were brought to rake the Neck (p. 152) and neighboring territory, and no little damage was done there (pp. 152-154). As to how the town looked before the conflagration, we can form a tolerably clear idea, even in the absence of definite views and connected descriptions. We can feel pretty sure that, ac- cording to the Provincial way, English fashions were followed as far as means allowed, and that tlie town was not better than one in England made during the earlier half of the last century, when the style of building in such was plain, or at best quaint, and the structures apt to be small. A considerable difference THE TOWN BUENED IN 1775. 11 would, of course have been made by the prevalent use of wood here instead of bricks. Probably some of the low, quaint houses left at the North End of Boston are not unlike many of those that were burned here. From the sizes of many lots, the length of time families had occupied them, or the valuations for losses, we are led to think that there could have been but few fine places. Old accounts, indeed, state that many buildings were " large and elegant," but definitions and ideas of elegance were then very different from those we have, as witness English de- scriptions of mutilations in English cathedrals. Two very detailed accounts are preserved of the houses of two prominent men in the town, which are given hereafter, — those of Captain Henley (pp. 118, 119) and B. Hurd (p. 138). There are several statements to show that the destruction was not at first complete, and that it ended by degrees. The Rev. Andrew Elliot says (Boston, June 19), " I suppose every dwell- ing-house and every public building is consumed till you have passed the passage to the mills, and are come to the house where Woods, the Baker, dwelt" (see p. 149). This refers to the region on Main Street north of Thompson Square, and ground of some extent where the buildings were too widely separated for the fire to spread, and the one part of the town least exposed to the British guns. On the map of Page, and on that of De Berniere, not only are no houses marked in the main part of the town, but it is, in type, stated to be the part burned, and they are marked in this region. On the latter map, and on the ground just mentioned, is placed a barn (near the foot of Green St.), from which Americans fired on the left flank of the British at the final attack on the Hill, and from which they were driven by " part of the 47tli and Marines." A building, without description, is marked in the same place on the maps of Page and of Swett. Furthermore, on the map of De Berniere, where houses are shown in this region, is also shown the position of the " 47th Eegiment in Charles-town on the night of the 17th." It was posted for nearly half a mile along Main Street where guarding was, it seems, not needed except at the causeway, or milldam, at the further end of their line, but where it seems likely there were houses for shelter. 12 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. Additional evidence in regard to the gradual destruction is given by a public document. At a Town meeting, Jan. 11, 1783, a committee of seven of the inhabitants appointed to esti- mate the losses in the fire, reported that the greatest part of the town " was consumed on the first day ; the next day they [the British] renewed the fire, and consumed a large number of houses, and so continued from time to time, until the whole was destroyed." (Mass. Archives, 138, and Memorial, Ho. Doc, 65, 23d Congress.) A number of houses even remained for six months, and a few for a longer time, and were used by the British, as is shown in a letter of Gen. "Washington to Jos. Reed, Jan. 14, 1776, where it is stated that a few nights before (Jan. 8), " a party under Major Knowlton crossed upon the mill-dam [between the Am. station at Cobble Hill and the Mill Village described pp. 150, 151], the night being dark, and set fire to and burnt down eight out of fourteen [houses] which were standing, and which we found they were daily pulling down for fuel." (Sparks's " Writ- ings," III. 241 ; also E. N. Coburn in " Charlestown," 1875.) About the aggregate amount of tlie losses no two accounts seem to agree. In the report of Jan. 11, 1783 (above), it is stated that nineteen sworn appraisers made the sum total £117,675. 14s. According to the Archives (pp. 157-174), it was ^£128,444. 8. 6. In pencil on the MS., by a later hand, is Total, £117,982. 5. 2d., the figures given by Mr. Prothingham ("Siege," 203). On the Church Record (heliotyped in the writer's 4° vol.) is an entry stating that " 380 dwelling-houses and other buildings, valued at £156,966. 18. 8d., were con- sumed, and 2,000 persons reduced from affluence & mediocrity to the most aggravated exile." As to the number of buildings, there is a still greater diversity of statement. It is even diffi- cult to obtain exact figures of the latter from the papers writ- ten by the sufferers themselves when reporting to the committee, as buildings may be counted different ways, and in several cases fractions are given. No total "footings" appear with these, but the writer counts from them, with at least approxi- mate exactness, 232 dwellings, 95 barns, 76 shops or stores, 25 warehouses, 12 mills, and 81 miscellaneous buildings, besides THE TOWK BURNED IN 1775. 13 17 wharves, and 205 claims for personal losses only, making 621 buildings, owned by nearly 500 persons, or about 700 suf- ferers, a majority of whom represented families, so that it is easy to see that fully " 2,000 persons " were immediately and severely affected. Of individuals or families (including all of a name) meeting with losses, 42 lost between £700. and £1,000., and 27 above the latter amount, as may be counted. Ten sums at least were over £2,000. : Russells, £5,955. ; Henley (S.), £4,941.; Rands, £3,788.; Frothinghams, £3,353.; Harrises, £3,192. ; Austins, £3,159. ; Woods, £3,011. ; Cheevers, £2,497. ; Oarys, £2,252. ; and Fosters, £2,063. For a month or more before the battle it seems to have been felt that property was very unsafe on the peninsula, conse- quently much of the more portable kinds was hidden or re- moved. Yet the losses were extremely severe, for houses, stores, workshops, barns, and many other things must remain on the spot. After all the efforts that were made to save per- sonal estate, the amount destroyed was important enough to seriously affect business and domestic life, to ruin many of the people, and to cripple a greater number. No more interesting and pathetic evidence of the condition and trials of the inhab- itants is to be found than in the collection of statements (443) of individual losses preserved among the Town Records ; in- deed, it may be, no other town of the Revolutionary period has such a full and touching exhibit of whom and what its people were, and of what they suffered in the cause of country and independence. He or she must be a cold-blooded and heartless American who can look over these worn or time-stained papers without emotion, and without appreciating the situation and feelings of the persons who wrote them. Generally it is simply stated that the buildings and effects were lost by the military operations, by the acts of the " Regulars," or the " King's troops," yet, now and then, the provocation was too strong for calm mention of the agents of destruction, and they are referred to as the " ministerial Butchers." Charlestown had slight cause to speak otherwise of the representatives of the " mother coun- try " — anything but an " alma mater " — across the sea. So far as we can judge from these statements, most of the 14 A CENTUKY OP TOWN LIFE. silver ware was removed, for little is mentioned. Specifica- tions of the quality of furniture are so generally made that we can tell closely who had the finer kinds and how much they had. Of about 450 families or persons claimants, 43 had ma- hogany (in all, 64 tables, 23 chairs, 12 desks, 29 teaboards, 3 cases drawers, 9 sundry articles), and 53 had black walnut fur- niture; 40 lost books (£30. old tenor being the largest single claim, and there being no evidence of anything like a library), and 26 had pictures (Ellery, Russell, and Sheafe lost the chief, but none are costly, and 119 averaged only 3s. 3d. each in the owner's valuations). Chests of drawers (now in great request) were not uncommon, and were among the best articles of fur- niture. Spinning-wheels and pewter plates were rather numer- ous ; there were fewer warming-pans, and few clocks ; there was not much liquor, but there were many cider barrels, and barrels of soap. A majority of claimants on loss of personal property reported kitchen furniture, as that would be among the things least likely to be removed. Small articles of this kind, as well as tools, and indeed of all sorts are often described with great detail. (See Note, p. xiv.) The people who bore these losses were, moreover, scattered widely to find refuge, and some were never to return. Public or private help for current necessities was given, but there was slight insurance, and full, or even partial, remuneration was never obtained. (See p. 22.) Charlestown, it might be fairly said, was unanimously rebel, or patriot ; for there was only one resident loyalist, Thos. Danforth, who was also the solitary lawyer in the place. One other of his party, Thos. Flucker, owned land (Plan III. 84), but lived in Boston. The people proved their patriotism and took the consequences, — they were left with honest hearts, clear consciences, and depleted pocket- books. Yet, while the majority were financially crippled, or ruined, their sacrifice — for they had shunned no risk — was perhaps the strongest possible means for rousing their country- men to the struggle for national existence. Certainly to this end they did their full part. While what they were in politics, they were almost as unani- mously Congregationalists in religion, and with few exceptions THE KEBTJILDING OF THE TOWN. 15 English in origin. Socially they were rather more diversified. There was little of the old tory official or fashionable element, only a moderate amount of higher education, and there were few or none of the leisure class, as it is called. Apart from a few persons engaged in commerce, the richest were the distil- lers; next were the bakers; both of their kinds of business seeming to have been among the necessities. The general community was intelligent, thrifty, comfortable ; it was orderly and quiet, yet it probably enjoyed itself, although in ways that might now appear simple. Going to meeting on Sunday was much more common ; there were no comic operas, or " sacred " concerts ; schools were kept at small cost ; scholars were not crammed with scraps of arts and ologies ; nearly eveiy one could read and write, although, as appears from the statements of losses, spelling by nearly all was eccentric, or, it might be said, incorrect. Neither literature, cooking, nor amusements were varied, yet there was a generation of good citizens, fond of old homes, and devoted to country. Great sufferers in the struggle for the independence of their native land, they were in some degree exiles awhile, then, as best they could, some of them sought their old familiar haunts. THE REBUILDING OF THE TOWN. In 1777, as is stated in tlie Records of the First Parish, the few who began to return to the town found " in their then dis- tressed situations " no better place for public worship or meet- ings, for a schoolroom, as well as " for other necessary purposes," than " an old Block House [on the present site of the First Church] left by the British army in 1776. . . . There . . . united by a recollection of their mutual sufferings, and a respect for their venerable pastor," they " attended with grateful emotions the public ser^-lces of religion," and there, probably, " the first administration of the Lord's Supper [says Mr. Prentice] in Charlestown since the destruction of the cruellest British Ene- mies, was Nov. 8, 1778, with great solemnity and fulness of members beyond expectation " (Ch. Rec, 1778). There also, " uninfluenced by political dissensions," says one of them, Dr. 16 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. Bartlett (1813), "we gave our first suffrages (Sep. 4,1780) . . . under the constitution of this Commonwealth ; when . . . we exulted in the commencement of a government, acchieved by our ablest statesmen." There were forty-eight votes cast. These, and other particulars show that some of the people began at an early date after the departure of the Royal forces (Mch., 1776) to return, and " to repair their waste places. A few of the number were able to erect convenient dwellings, whilst others, like their hardy predecessors, were only covered with temporary shelters" (Dr. Bartlett, 1813). That a few, at least, of some sort, were soon provided, is shown by the fact, although statements of it differ, that in Nov. 1776, Susanna Hooper was the first child, and Feb. 24, 1777, Tim° Thompson, Jr., was the first male, born on the peninsula after the return. In regard to the first dwelling erected, there are also differ- ent statements (pp. 144 and 149), and it is probable that sev- eral were begun or finished at about the same time. It was not, however, until the end of active warfare that a general movement seems to have been made to rebuild, when there was no longer risk of exposure to armed vessels, that in 1775 had given the townspeople such a dismal experience. Meanwhile the affairs of local government were duly attended to ; town meetings were held, some of the time at Anna Whit- temore's Inn, and officers were chosen. On June 20, 1780, at one of these meetings, it was voted " that all streets, lanes, etc., within the neck shall be laid open from the first day of May- next" (1781). In this latter year Acts of the Legislature were obtained "for the better Regulation of the Ferry" to Bos- ton (May 16), and (Oct. 80) " for widening and amending the Streets, Lanes, and Squares, in that part of the Town which was lately laid waste by Fire." The latter Act was supple- mented by another, in 1780, " for the Relief of the Town," by extending time allowed for raising money by Lottery to pay for these improvements, the chief of which were in clearing the market-place of a block (Plan I., 1) covered with ruins, in forming Water, Henley, and the lower part of Warren streets from crooked lanes, and in removing some irregularities from Main Street (Plan III.). No map of any fulness or correct- THE REBUILDING OP THE TOWN. 17 ness remains, or, it may be, ever -was made ; but an account of such sketches as there are is given in the survey of the town (p. 112). New public buildings became necessary, and another site for the meeting-house, the former one on the Square having been appropriated by the Town. Consequently, Sep. 10, 1781, a vote was passed " to choose a committee to solicit subscriptions of the good friends of the town throughout the state, to assist in building a meeting-house," and Oct. 27, 1782, " after much de- bate " a " resolution ^ was come into " about the position of the edifice, to be the one place of worship in the town, a place of which it was then destitute. In the next year the house was raised and opened for use, but it had temporary seats and an unfinished steeple until 1787. Descriptions of it, and of its successor, will be found in a chapter on the meeting-houses. The school had temporary quarters until 1786, when it was voted in Town meeting to sell the old schoolhouse and build a new one, for which .£100. were to be raised. Other public in- stitutions were provided for even earlier, as March 4, 1782, it was voted to build a Workhouse for the poor, and, in 1784, to have a pair oi stocks made. The ferry to Boston was main- tained by twelve men with four boats plying, March to October from sunrise till nine in the evening, and during the other months until eight. In Sep., 1783, the Warren Tavern (Plan III., 72) was already occupied, and there, during the autumn, the first Masonic Lodge, King Solomon's, was fully organized. By this time a considerable number of the older inhabitants had dwellings, and by the end of 1785 there were 279 buildings 1 "Whereas by the destruction of a great part of this town in the year 1775, the inhabitants of the first parish were very gi-eat sufferers, and the house for public ■worship in said parish, as well as the dwellings of said inhabitants, were destroyed by fire, and as the affections of kindness and brotherly love are amongst the bright- est ornaments of human nature, and as it is in the power of the town without any injuiy to the general interests thereof, to furnish said parish with a place on which to erect a building for the public worship of God. Therefore this town, acting on the principle and reasons above mentioned, do hereby vote to grant and do grant, convey and relinquish to the first parish in this town, that piece of land commonly called Town House Hill, for the sole purpose of erecting thereon a house for the public worship of God. Provided said parish building be erected thereon within the space of five years, othenvise this grant to be void." 18 A CENTUEY OF TOWN LIFE. in the town (Am. Eec, No. 1), of which 91 houses, 22 stores and workshops, and 38 barns were in the " 1st division," and 69, 9, and 50, respectively, in the second. In the former there were also 550 inhabitants (537 whites, 13 blacks) and 141 ratable polls, and in the latter 449 (441 whites, 8 blacks) and 103 polls. Another important work, that was of a public as well as pri- vate nature, was also undertaken, when, after deliberation and meetings, eighty-nine gentlemen were organized as a corpora- tion for building, and for supporting during forty years, a hridge to Boston on the line of the old ferry, an Act to that effect having been passed by the Legislature, March 9, 1785.^ At the close of the year, a newspaper, the only one then pub- lished in Middlesex County, was first issued (Dec. 9, 1785), although the proprietors stated that " their number of subscrip- tions was considerably less than what was thought necessary " for advantageously beginning the work.^ In the first and sec- ond numbers a townsman (Dr. Bartlett) gave an authentic account of the existing condition of the place. There were, generally much altered since 1775, 18 " lanes and allies," and 11 streets, the principal of which were paved with beach stones. Of wharves there were 13, " where vessels may unlade," and there was also " an excellent yard for shipbuilding." Before the war the latter industry had flourished, as well as the man- ufacture of " rum, loaf sugar, candles, and potashes, the last of which only " had " then "revived." Shade trees and orchards had been set out in place of others destroyed in 1775. There was only one militia company (the Charlestown Artillery, organ- ized in 1786), while of the three public schools (2 above and 1 ' The corporators were John Hancock, Thos. Russell, Nath'. Gorham, James Swan, and Eben Parsons, — a list short but notable. 2 Of this paper 110 numbers (13J X SJ in., pp. 4) were issued, ending May 25, 1787, on account of insufficient support. Of advertisements, No. 1 contains one by the publishers, another from Boston, and none from Charlestown; in No. 2 one more from Boston is added to these ; in No. i all had disappeared ; and in No. 5 is a lament over the " enormous tax " imposed by Government on advertising. The State had early learned the art of killing business by taxation, an art in which it has at times been very proficient. No. 6, p. 4, contains, for the first time, much larger type, in which an account is given of Courtships in Kamtschatka. THE EEBUILDING OP THE TOWN. 19 below the Neck) it was said that " neither merited particular description." Prospects, however, were encouraging, as the article closes with the statement that " the flourishing state of the peninsula . . . affords a pleasing presage of wealth and prosperity." On the 17th of June, 1786, occurred the first celebration of the anniversary of the battle on Bunker's Hill, conducted " with the greatest splendor and festivity," says Dr. Bartlett. A devas- tating trial by war only eleven years before, was commemorated by a great and beneficial triumph of peace. Charles River Bridge was opened,^ for the first time affording a roadway to Boston, or across the waters that nearly environed the most populous section of the town. Compared with similar struct- ures in many older countries, it was a simple and insubstantial work ; compared with the means of the builders and like things then in their country, it was " considered as the greatest," and was immense. The project had been first discussed as early as 1720, but without any such results until this time, when its success led to the construction of a bridge to Maiden, opened 1787, and another, to Chelsea, built in 1803. These new and important means for communication were of great benefit.^ 1 The opening " summoned from all parts upwards of 20,000 spectators. The mom was ushered in hy a discharge of thirteen cannon from the opposite heights of Breed's Hill, Charlestown, and Cop's Hill, Boston, accompanied hy repeated peals from the heUs of Christ Church. At one p. M. the proprietors assembled in the State House for the purpose of waiting on the different branches of the legislature over the bridge. The procession consisted of almost every respectable character in public and private life, . . . and upon their arrival at the entrance of the bridge, the attendant companies of artillery and artificers formed two lines on the right and left of the proprietors, and moved on to the centre of the bridge, when the Presi- dent of the proprietary advanced alone and gave orders to Mr. Cox, the master workman, to fix the drawer for the passage of the company, which was immediately done. At this moment 13 cannon were fired from Cop's Hill, and the procession passed forward, attended by the loudest shouts of acclamation." On Breed's Hill 800 persons dined, " spent the day in sober festivity," and " separated at 6 o'clock.'' (Mass. Mag., Sep., 1789.) Eighty-nine persons held the 150 shares of £100. each, that Oct. 4, 1823, were quoted $1,550. Dividends were paid for 40 years, the length of the grant. 2 Particulars about these bridges are gathered here from several sources. Charles River was, in all, 1,503 feet long, 42 wide, had 75 piers each of 7 piles, and 40 lamps, and cost £15,000. —Maiden, 2,005 long, 32 wide, had 100 piers each of 6 20 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. Before the Revolution a few printing establishments were quite sufficient for the needs of New England. Most of the important books could be advantageously supplied from the mother country, while native works were not numerous enough to give adequate business to many presses. After Independence local demands increased, and distant relations were changed. Presses were established in an almost surprising number of places where they were novelties, and a great deal of what is termed job-work was done on them, as well as what was called for in their neighborhoods. In Charlestown, a growing place, there was naturally a press set up, and about three months after the first newspaper was issued from it, appeared the first work (Bib., p. 32) in book or pamphlet form printed there (so far as the writer has found). It was the Oration delivered by Dr. Bartlett at the Dedication of Warren Hall (p. 135), March 14, 1786, by which it was incidentally shown that the popula- tion had already become large enough to make a hall wanted. This one was finished by Feb. 10, 1786. As had been the case from the beginning, the townspeople, with few exceptions, continued to unite in tlie support of a single religious organization. After the death (June 17, 1782) of their aged pastor, the Rev. Thos. Prentice, the pulpit was sup- plied "by the kind assistance of the neighboring ministers," until Jan. 1787, when the Rev. Joshua Paine was ordained. He was highly esteemed, but died of consumption at the age of 24, on the 27th of Feb., 1788. On the 30th of April, 1789, the Rev. Jedidiah Morse was installed pastor. For twelve years he was the one settled minister of the town, and for thirty years and ten months officiated in the First Church ; consequently it is of interest to learn the characteristics of the man thus chosen. Descended in the fifth generation from Anthony Morse, of Marlborough, Wilts, and born (Aug. 28, 1761) at Woodstock, Conn., he became a very prominent clergyman, and the most voluminous author who has lived in the town. Besides more piles, and 8 lamps, and cost £5,000. — Chelsea, 32 wide, cost §53,000. — Warren (built 1828) was, in all, 1,390 long, and 44 wide. — Prison Point was built in 1820, and led to East Cambridge. — Essex, at Salem, considered a marvel at the time, was built in 1792, and was 1,030 long, and 34 wide. Hi' h i" i '' i LM THE KBBtTILDING OP THE TOWN. 21 than twenty pamphlets, some of them large and important, he wrote valuable geographical and historical works, that in all their editions (see p. 297) number over seventy volumes, chiefly in octavo, put beside which the productions of some who be- came his not unassuming opponents look indeed insignificant. One who thoroughly knew him says that he had a " tall, slen- der form. The well-shaped head, a little bald, but covered thinly with fine silken powdered hair, falling gracefully into curl, gave him, when only middle-aged, a venerable aspect, while the benignant expression of his whole countenance, and especially of his bright, speaking eye, won for him at first sight respect and love." His "freedom from every offensive habit, his neat dress, polished manners," avoidance of " every word and look that miglit wound the feelings of another, ... in short, his true Christian gentlemanliness, . . . gave him a deep hold on . . . the religious community." (Prof. M. in " Sprague's Life," pp. 281, 282.) His ability and character during life were also demonstrated in his sons, men such as come of no inferior stock. He lived here at a period of ex- citement and trial, when he was sharply attacked. Partisan- ship, some of it shown by persons far his inferiors, assailed him. He and his outlived it. Small help to them, but much honor to the place, that they lived here ; Charlestown can ill afford a slur on Jedidiah Morse, it can far better afford him a statue. When he was installed there were, as he recorded, 135 church members, 92 of whom were females (40 married, 12 single, and the remarkably large number of 40 widows). His salary, said to have been exceptionally good, was $572, besides firewood and the use of a parsonage. Further evidence of the small scale of expenditures is shown by the appropriations for civil affairs. For schools the town voted X150. ; for highways, £90.; for support of the poor, £200. ; while for Town Clerk (Sam! Payson), for Treasurer (Eben' Breed), and for Sexton the salary was £10. each.^ At 1 In this year (Apr. 6, 1789) the Selectmen, who were also the School Commit- tee, were Isaac Mallet, Sr., Nath'. Hawkins, Josiah Bartlett, Esq., Caleb Swan, Sam' Swan, Esq., Benj. Hnrd, Seth AVj'man. There were two constables (Eleazer 22 A CENTtTRY OF TOWN LIFE. the same time (Sep. 7) ten innliolders and fifteen retailers were "approbated." Besides these facts we also learn from the records of the town that its financial condition was not as easy as could be wished, and that measures for offsetting the losses by the war had not been successful. Some public and private aid had been extended to support individuals, chiefly aged or infirm, " and the state taxes were remitted for seven years" (Dr. B.). The only other help was a lottery author- ized for raising funds to alter the streets. Even of this the committee on it reported, June 19, 1789, " that the rapid de- preciation of the Continental Currency [had] deprived the town of any Benefit from the three classes which [had] been drawn ; " indeed, there was not enough obtained to compensate the man- agers for their services. The two most prominent inhabitants — Hon. N. Gorham and Hon. T. Russell — had been appointed as early as 1777 to ask relief from Congress, but it could give none ; and in 1784 the former was, against the wish of many, sent to England for aid, that was also there sought in vain. To complete the account of efforts made and failure met in the same purpose, it may be added that as long afterwards as 1834, Congress received a memorial of the citizens praying compen- sation, and let them have their labor for their pains taken. Charlestown was allowed the American privilege, a chance to pay its own bills and to make its own way. It did both, and we can look along its history and see how it turned out in life. THE NEW TOWN. In Feb., 1789, a census ^ was taken by which the condition of the town was, to some extent, shown, and from which some Wyer and Sam. Kent), and nineteen other descriptions of officers, making in all fully seventy office-holders. A list of the town clerks may he added here. They were Walter Russell, 1778 ; Sam'. Swan, 1779, 1782; Timothy Trumball, 1780; Sam'. Holbrook, 1783; Saml Payson, 1787; Philips Payson, 1801 ; John Kettell, 1806, 1813, 1818; Sam' Dev- ens, 1812; David Dodge, 1814, and 1825-47; Sam'. Devena, 1822. (See "Mem. Hist. Boston," III.) 1 The original list taken "by S. Swan, Jun', Esq., and B. Hurd, Jun'," is on 66 double pages of a book, about 8 X 6J in., in rather small-sized writing, some- THE NEW TOWN. 23 curious particulars are derived. On computation by the writer it appears tliat there were 867 males, and 812 females, or a total of 1579, of which 744 were adults, 820 children, and 15 uncertain. Of adults with children, there were 175 married couples, 23 widowers, 37 widows ; of those without children, there were 81 men and 99 women, single. Of persons called servants there were 40 males, 34 females, and 2 uncertain. Among 454 families and single persons, 67 had servants, and of these Sam! Ireland had 4, Benj. Frothingham and Daniel Reed each had 3, and nine had 2 each. Several of the older or prominent inhabitants had none, as was the case with Dr. J. Bartlett, Geo. Bartlett, Benj. Hurd (Sr. and Jr.), and Hon, NathI Gorham (with eight children), while others had but one, as had Hon. Jas. Russell, Matthew Bridge, Sam. Swan, Wm. Hunnewell, Sam. Henley, Nathl Austin, and others. Evidently there was a very simple style of living, and the women who were heads of families had not the many and engrossing calls upon, their time and strength now made ; yet the minor cares of daily life, and the exceptional labors attendant on the re- establishment of homes and town, must have been trying. There seems to have been no excess of amusement, but, very likely, a fair amount of quiet family or neighborly visiting. Travelling was slow and expensive. Immigration was from places at no great distance, and scarcely any of it was foreign. Some per- sons or families during and after the war removed to what were then remote and newer regions, such as southern New Hampshire and eastern New York, going in the saddle over imperfect roads, in a way more adventurous than removals are now, even to the far Northwest or California. While these sought new homes, the majority returned to the old ; and while some recovered former prosperity, others were seriously affected. times so cramped that words are indistinct. It is interesting to find, as below, the increase of population by persons from other towns who were not inhabitants in 1775. In 1776 and 1777 none are marked as coming. Afterwards the numbers are as follows : 1118, of men 1, women 1, children 4, total 6. —1779, 1 + -J- 4 = 5. — 1730, 1 + 2 + 5 = 8. —1781, 3 + + = 3. — 1783, 3 + 4 + 15 = 22. — 1783, 9 + 8 + 25 = i2.—1784, 10 + 6 + 6 = 22. —1785, 12 + 12 + 23 = 47. — 1786, 20 + 21 + 49 = 90. — 1787, 12 + 7 + 23 = 42. — 1788, 22 + 19 + 26 = 67. — 1789, 27 + 25 + 41 = 93. In twelve years, 121 men, 105 women, 221 children, a tot. (1864-69); A. S. Twombly, D. D., since ins. May 2, 1872. (History.) (Harvard), Jas. Walker, D. D., to July 14, 1839; Geo. E. Ellis, D. D., ord. Mch. 11, 1840, dis. June 13, 1869; Chas. E. Grinnell, Nov. 10, 1869, to Dec. 31, 1873; Pitt Dillingham, since Oct. 4, 1876. (History.) (First Baptist), Wm. Phillips (1836-41); H. K. Green (1842-44) ; Wm. C. Child (1844-49); T. F. Caldicott (1850-53); A. M. Hopper (ord. 1855); R. W. Cushman (ord. 1857); G. W. Gardner, D. D. (1861-72); W. W. Boyd (ord. 1873) ; J. B. Brackett (ord. 1878) ; J. W. Riddle (ord. 1881) ; Geo. E. Horr, Jr., since Apr. 30, 1884. (G. R. Seymour.) (Universalist), T. F. King (1836-39); E. H. Chapin, D. D. (1840-46); Thos. Starr King (1846-48) ; R. Townley (1849-52) ; A. G. Laurie (1853-63) ; O. F. Safford (1865-70); Wm. T. Stowe (1871-77); Chas. F. Lee, since Jan. 7, 1879. (Printed acc't.) (St. John's, Episcopal), N. T. Bent (1840-41); P. H. Greenleaf (Oct., 1841-Feb., 1851); Wm. Flint (1852-Sept. 1, 1855); T. R. Lambert, D. D. (1856-Jan, 1, 1884) ; P. W. Sprague since April, 1884. (Records.) (B. Hill Baptist), John Blain, settled 1850 ; Emery Page, 1853 ; H. C. Graves, 1857 ; J. B. Morse, 1864 ; L. F. Beeeher, 1867; Addison Parker, 1869 ; W. O. Holman, 1874 ; W. M. Weeks, 1882 ; C. F. Nicholson, 1883; R. B. Moody, since 1884. (/. H. Bailey, Clerk Soc.) (St. Mary's), Patrick Byrne, 1830-43; Geo. J. Goodwin to Sept. 13, 1847; P. F. Lyndon, to May 29, 1853; Geo. A. Hamilton, Aug. 1853, to July 31, 1874. (Enterprise, acc't.) Assisting, have been M. McGrath, E. F. Gerbi, G. F. Nuonno. John W. Mahou since Aug., 1881 ; Wm. J. Millerick since Feb., 1882; Wm. F. Powers since July, 1886. (St. Francis), Geo. A. Hamilton, 1862-65 ; M. J. Supple, assistant, pastor since 1868 ; M. M. Green assistant ; since 1879, Jas. N. Supple. (Do.) POLITICAL HISTORY SINCE 1834. The political opinions of the inhabitants, as well as the con- stantly increasing number of voters, are shown by the returns made at elections for governors in the years when presidential electors were chosen. In four,^ while the Whigs carried the 1 The names of those elected are in italics, and the votes were: — ■ 1835, Edward Everett, 532 ; Marcus Morton, 477 1839, do. 679 ; do. 820 1843, Geo. N. Briggs, 622 ; do. 777 1847, do. 662 ; Caleb Gushing, 841 others, 43 ; total, 1,052. do. 4; do. 1,403. do. 135 ; do. 1,534. do. 239; do. 1,742. POLITICAL HISTORY SINCE 1834. 43 State, the Democrats ruled the town. Another element, how- ever, began to appear here, as it did elsewhere, eventually to control the country, and even change the politics of Charles- town. In 1851, E,. C. Winthrop had 995 votes ; Geo. S. Bout- well, 932 ; John G. Palfrey, 176 ; others, 2 ; (total, 2,105). In 1855, H. J. Gardner had 1,127 ; E. D. Beach, 759 ; J. Eock- well, 311 ; S. H. Walley, 276 ; (total, 2,473.) In the next four presidential elections, including the last sepa- rate vote by Charlestown, great changes in political thought, as well as in numbers, appeared. A great many civilians were employed in the Navy Yard, and whatever political help was to be got that way was not apt to be neglected by the Demo- crats, who held the national administration until after the election in 1860. A similar course, it is very likely, affected the Republican vote during the war, and in a greater degree, for there was a far larger force in government employ. A much stronger reason, however, existed in the immense popu- lar movement by which the latter party was supported. It will be noticed that Charlestown was Republican notwithstand- ing any influence of the existing administration, in 1860, and continued so for years after the end of the war. For some time before that eventful period, all phases of political feeling were actively shown, from marked subserviency to the parti- sans of slavery to open help in trying to stop its extension, — from " copperheadism " (only a mere trace of it) to a generous patriotism and enthusiasm worthy of Bunker Hill, felt by all sorts of people. In 1842, a notable municipal change occurred ; a portion of the territory of the town was annexed to West Cambridge, and a larger part incorporated (March 3) as the town of Somerville, leaving the area of this town one of the smallest in the State. Feb. 22, 1847, a city form of government was established;^ The votes for electors were about as follows : — 1860, Bepuhlican, 1,785 ; others, 1,528 ; total, 3,313. 1864, do. 2,765 ; do. 1,198 ; do. 3,963. 1868, do. 2,642 ; Democratic, 1,784 ; do. 4,426. 1872, do. 3,014 ; do. 1,635 ; do. 4,649. > The vote on accepting a City Charter was, — yes, 1,127 ; no, 868 ; majority in favor, 259. 4-i A CENTURY OF TOWK LIFE. Hon. Geo. "W. Warren was chosen mayor,^ and various changes in schoolhouses and other things ensued. Among many sub- stantial citizens there was, in a few years, a belief that the place was too small for a separate municipality, and that its interests would be promoted by annexation to Boston.^ An Act of the Legislature to that effect was passed (April 29, 1854) and accepted (C, Oct. 2) by the voters of both cities, but rendered inoperative, it was said, through a failure (in C.) to certify returns. The City record (of C.) is suggestive ; the figures of the vote, given below, are from the Daily Advertiser, and show the deep interest in the subject, as 2,529 voters (there were 2,722 in 1851) gave their opinion. The plan de- feated had been considered over twenty years before, and, after intermittent effort, was actively revived about as long after- wards. Another Act was passed (May 14, 1873), duly voted on (Oct. 7), and annexation effected (Jan. 1, 1874). A score of pamphlets on the subject, described in the Bibliography, fully set forth reasons for and against the measure, and furnish some of the liveliest political writing about the Town. That the reasons were thought to be good and sufficient is shown by the votes at the two dates, said to be the only times when op- portunity was given for such an expression of opinion. That there was strong opposition appears in the Valedictory Ad- dress of the last Mayor, who declared that, on the day of voting, " the people of this ancient and historic municipality virtually said we are not capable of governing ourselves, and bowed to the God of Mammon, and yielded up, with their in- dependence forever, that trust which was bequeathed to them to transmit to posterity." The number of municipal offices has been much reduced, cases before the courts are tried in Suffolk, the bridges are improved, and a few other changes 1 The Mayors have teen the Honorables Geo. "W. Warren (18^7-50), R. Froth- ingham (1851-53), J. Adams (1854), T. T. Sawyer (1855-57), Jas. Dana (1858-60), H. G. Hutcliins (1861), P. J. Stone (1862-64), C. Eobinson, Jr. (1865-66), L. Hull (1867-68), E. L. Norton (1869), W. H. Kent (1870-72), J. Stone (1873). ^ The votes on Annexation were, 1854, Charlestown, yes, 1,412 ; no, 1,117 ; majority, 296 ; Boston, yes, 3,333 ; no, 1,373 ; majority, 1,960. In 187S, C, yes, 2,240 ; no, 1,947 ; majority, 293 ; B., yes, 5,960 ; no, 1,868 ; majority, 4,097. BUSINESS SINCE 1834. 45 have followed, but the right of suffrage and the blessings of liberty haye not been seriously impaired. Since annexation, changes have naturally followed in what might be called the individuality of the place, noticeable in society as well as in local politics. For the exercise of the latter a considerable number of offices remain, but they differ in influence as merged among the many of a large corporation, instead of being far greater means of control in a body, even if that is comparatively small. Of one form of change, hardly political, indeed, but public, there is evidence afforded by ex- amination of the Auditors' Reports of Boston, where it appears that the valuation (1874, p. 288) of Real Estate in Charles- town was 126,016,100 in 1873, and in 1886 (Rep. '87) it was $23,075,700, or 12,940,400 less; and that Personal (same dates) declined from $9,273,528, to $5,682,000 (38| %), or a total decline of $6,531,928 (about 18|- %). In 1873, to a population estimated by the assessors (Rep. '74, p. 7) the av- erage was $1101 + per head, and by the census of 1885, with the valuation of 1886, it was $730+ (about 33^ % less). BUSINESS SINCE 1834. At the beginning of the second half-century there was a fair amount of local business, but not much on any large scale. Many persons, as has since been the case, lived in the town and had various occupations in Boston. Farmers and traders came with their produce to the Square, and made it the live- liest place of traffic. There were sufficient banking facilities, and the local shops had relatively a greater importance than at present. With the introduction of railroads in the State, a fresh development occurred here, as elsewhere. The line to Lowell, opened in 1835, extended through what was then the westerly part of the town, but a mile or more distant from its frontage on deep water. To connect the two, the Charlestown Branch Railroad Co. was incorporated (April 9, 1836), and built from Swett's wharf to a junction not much over a mile distant, near the McLean Asylum, the chief work on it being a wooden bridge in that direction from Prison Point. Short as 46 A CENTURY OP TOWN LLFE. was the line, it was not opened until the latter part of 1838, the national financial crisis having a severe effect. Supple- mentary to this road was the Charlestown Wharf Co. (inc. Mch. 31, 1836), that was authorized to hold wharf and other property from the Navy Yard to the State Prison, and did hold a great deal within these limits. Six years later the Fitchhurg Railroad Co. was incorporated (Mch. 3, 1842), and acquired both the Branch road and much of the land of the other com- pany. In the two last mentioned there was a considerable local interest, some of which was transferred to their far larger successor, that began a remarkable development at the lower end of the town, by which, in the course of forty years, a station on a side-track was changed to an important railway terminus. The Wharf Co. had a paid up capital of |293,550, the Branch Co. less (although more was authorized), and both had a moderate business, no great part of which was far reach- ing. The Fitchburg Co. at once largely increased it. A line was opened to Fresh Pond, and ice, a staple product of New England, was brought in great quantities to the wharves, and shipped to southern ports and abroad. Communication was speedily established with a wide interior country, so that public convenience required (1847) that the terminal station for pas- sengers should be moved from the northern end of Warren Bridge, where one of brick had been built, to the southern end, in Boston, and at a large cost this change was effected (1847- 48). In Charlestown, additions to the territory were made, from time to time, by purchase and by covering flats or the river, the most important of these operations being in connec- tion with the estate of the Hoosac Tunnel Dock and Elevator Co. (inc. April 29, 1879), which was at length bought (1887), and exceptionally good terminal facilities at deep sea water secured, including enormous sheds and an immense grain ele- vator. A large area between the river, Chelsea Street, and the Square is also to be added. In 1873, the Eastern Railroad Co. bought an extensive tract covering flats, much of the old mill-pond, and a strip on the peninsula from the Prison to near the Square, and on the last built a very extensive station for merchandise. Almost simul- BUSINESS SINCE 1834. 47 taneously the Lowell Railroad Co. (1870) bought for freight- ing business another large tract at the Point, beyond the Navy Yard and along Mystic Eiver, to which its tracks were ex- tended. It succeeded to the Mystic River road, incorporated in 1853, but long delayed in development. Thus three impor- tant companies came to hold a great deal of the old water front- age of the town, that thus became the seashore terminus of very large traffic extending through northern and central New Eng- land, to the maritime British Provinces, Canada, the Northwest- ern States of the Union, and even as far as California, while daily to all these distant parts go passengers over Charlestown ground. Curious processions of pungs from the upper coun- try long ago ceased to come down Main Street in the winter, as also did the canal boats to Mill Street in the summer ; loads of wood, hay, and produce are seen no more grouped in the Square ; clumsy and ponderous ice-wagons that wore the soft roads badly, the Lowell stage, and other creations familiar in 1834, have not been known to the younger people, but there is a vastly greater traffic, such as would have amazed the men then, and that gives far more employment and income, and, in its way, is quite as picturesque. Another form of railroad at a later date became known in the larger towns of the country, and, as was apt to be the case with inventions, had a representation in Charlestown. With the increase of population the transportation of passengers through the streets required means very different from those previously used. As early as 1826, A. Studley established a line of " hourlies " from the Neck to Brattle Street, in Boston ; more business soon made the name inapplicable, for a vehicle was wanted every half, then quarter, of an hour, then oftener, and the conveyance for all became, as its newer name has descriptively styled it, an omnibus. No less than three lines at one time made the streets lively. At length the Middlesex Horse Railroad Co. was incorporated (1854), tracks were laid to Somerville, Medford, and Maiden, all (1887) made parts of the West End Co. A line to Chelsea (afterwards much ex- tended) was also incorporated (1854). The different routes traverse the town and furnish ample accommodation. 48 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. While the town has not been what is called a manufacturing place, several companies have been formed, and have done business in various departments. The Milk Row Bleachery •when incorporated (1838) was on Charlestown ground, but since 1842 on that of Somerville, where it has grown a great deal. Other incorporations followed, — of a Lead Co. (1860), and of the Union Sugar Eefinery, the building of which be- came part of the freight station of the Eastern R. R. (1873). At least four companies have, since 1854, been engaged in developing business along the bank of Mystic River. The Howard Manufacturing Co. (1885) has a massive brick build- ing six stories high (Medford St.), with valuable machinery, and employs 200 persons in making excellent razor-straps, tooth- brushes, and elastics. Of other kinds of trade long known in the town, brickmaking ceased at the loss of the requisite ground in 1842; private shipbuilding, begun at Ten Hills (1631), ended about 1850 ; leather-making has almost disappeared ; brewing, and on a large scale, has continued at the Neck, and distilling almost on the very site, near the old town dock, where it was prac- tised long before the Revolution. Furniture, doors and finish, and pottery in coarse articles, have been made to quite a large extent, while innkeeping, always known and active here since the sign of the " Three Cranes " was displayed, has been de- veloped almost on a scale like that shown by the railroads ; for directly beside the spot where stood the Puritan ordinary, opens the great front door of the Waverley House, a building large enough to lodge, on a pinch, the whole colony of 1630. A great hotel is one of the prominent evidences of the growth of an American town, and for this example we are indebted to Moses A. Dow, long a resident (Plan II. 44 A). He selected a site on the Square, the history of which is given on page 124. Inns had long been on or close by the spot, but he surpassed them so that comparison is impossible. His hotel, four and five stories high, built of red brick -with brown stone trimmings (except a central block covered with brown mastic), and having a frontage nearly 500 feet long, was inaugurated by one of the most notable dinners ever given in the town, Nov. 21, 1867, BUSINESS SINCE 1834. 49 when, in the dining-room (80 X 50 ft.), an unusual represen- tation of Charlestown people assembled to do honor to him and his achievement. In time more Banks had become wanted ; accordingly, in 1854, the Monument^ was incorporated. Its capital is |150,- 000, its surplus is more than that amount, and its stock com- mands one of the highest prices given for any bank-stock in Boston, — a fact that tells its history. Ten days later, the Five Cent Savings Bauk^ was incorporated. An account of its building and of its success is given elsewhere (p. 145). More and better light at night was also wanted by some, and in 1846 the Charlestown Gas Co? was incorporated. There was for a while no ardent desire to subscribe to the stock, so that the company was not organized for active operations until May 24, 1851, when the capital was 150,000. This was in- creased (Feb. 6, 1854) to 181,000, and as the works were enlarged was from time to time made more, until the final amount, 1500,000 was reached (1873), making it the largest manufacturing establishment ever in the town. The business has been carefully and economically conducted by a conserva- tive, yet progressive management, recognizing in due time changes and improvements, so that in Sep., 1886, the steam- boilers of the company were supplying power for making sim- ultaneously, as then nowhere else in the State, coal and water gas, and electric light. Within a small area the combination was proved to be practicable and efficient. Supplying water, while done under direction of the City gov- ernment, and hence a municipal work, may, however, be con- sidered in one way a corporate work, and be mentioned in this chapter. After discussion incident to the undertaking, a Legis- lative Act was passed (1861) that resulted in the Mystic Water Works.^ Eeports were made (1861-62), including one by Pro- 1 The Presidents have teen, Peter Huhbell (1854-71), and Jas. 0. Curtis. 2 One President, P. J. Stone, and one Treasurer, Amos Stone, to 1887. » The Presidents of the Gas. Co. have been, Geo. W. Warren (1851-55), Peter Huhbell (1855-71), "Wm. Carlton (1871-76), Andrew Sawtell (1876-83), Francis Thompson (1883-85, Sep. ). All except the first died in office. Jas. P. Hunnewell, the present writer, has held it since Sep., 1885. * The Chairman of the Water Board before annexation was Edward Lawrence. 50 A CENTUBY OF TOWN LIFE. feasor Silliman, an aqueduct was planned from Mystic Pond by way of a reservoir on Walnut, or Tufts College, Hill, and ground was broken Sep. 27, 1862. On Nov. 29, 1863, the introduc- tion of water was celebrated, with a procession, speeches, a din- ner in the old Town Hall, and illuminations. By the Reports, that are full and interesting, it appears that the cost of the works (Feb. 28, 1865), was 1746,965.44 ; their length, to the Neck, 5.62 miles ; the water-level of the reservoir, 147 feet above high water ; the extent of service pipes, 18 miles ; and the total number of customers, 2,020. Eight years later (1873) there were 13,946, and the construction account had risen to $1,461,259.41. In 1886, these numbers had increased to 16,110, and $1,657,458.97. While there are no large build- ings, and nothing of the grand Roman style of masonry in the works, the earthen reservoir (560 x 350 ft.) on its high isolated site is quite imposing, and from its banks there is a wide and varied view that is full of scenic and historic interest. Business in Charlestown to the present day may be said to have its great monument in the huge Hoosac Elevator, stand- ing close to the sites of the old battery and town dock. Where the snug little Provincial trade once centred, on the edge of a wilderness, rises this building (167 x 80), 135 feet high, gray slated, plain yet almost grand, receiving grain from a distant and then hardly known interior, to distribute it through great ocean steamers to lands even farther away, and help feed the people where the fathers of the founders once tilled the fields. PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. Until recent years, here, as has been the case in our older towns, these have been built chiefly according to the examples set by the early inhabitants, — that is, on what might be called an indigenous plan, with designs affected by the styles current in England. When the settlers came their first labor was, naturally, to provide shelter for their families, and then a place for public worship. In Charlestown, this place was combined with the residence of the Governor, but soon afterwards a PLACES OF PUBLIC "WORSHIP. 51 separate building for tlie purpose was erected. Limited means and available material had a large influence in shaping the building here, as they had elsewhere. A considerable space was to be enclosed at a necessarily moderate cost. Wood was almost the one possible material. The builders had not only separated from the Church of England and its usages, but they had done so when that church itself had abandoned the archi- tectural forms that had been used for ages, and had adopted a style more or less Italian. Hence it is not strange that the colonists attempted neither nave, chancel, nor arcades, but built a square wooden box, with fully enough windows, relieved by a few mouldings and details similar to those used at the time in the mother country, but yet a house capable of hold- ing all the people expected, and of giving them a full view of the pulpit. The colonial or provincial period of New England corresponded with the period in Old England when ecclesias- tical art was, on the whole, the least precious for the past eight centuries ; and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the peo- ple here, with their limited means, and deriving their scanty ideas of art, or their feeling for it, from a home where it was by no means at its best, would create notable material monu- ments of faith. In justice to them, furthermore, it should be observed that even to their simple buildings they not infre- quently gave quaintness or picturesqueness. They had cast adrift from an historical sequence in other things, and they ceased to cherish the form of home for wor- ship used in a varying way since the days of Constantine. They built, not a church of the long-recognized character, but a hall, and this, with a few exceptions, became, and continued to our time, the distinguishing shape of the New England meeting-house. Insubstantial in structure, as was apt to be the case, the third place of worship since the " Great House " was left, was built in 1716, on the Square, but exactly where is now hardly to be determined with absolute precision. It is said to have been a framed building, 72 by 52 feet, and 34 feet (or three stories?) high, and had a steeple. This was the meeting- house burned June 17, 1775, valued (p. 174) at £3,000. 52 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. There appears no reason to suppose that it differed much from the old meeting-houses in several neighboring towns, that had a steeple at one end, for, if we can infer from dimensions, and judge from a few imperfect views, it was not built like the house of the First Church, Boston, — nearly a square, with a roof sloping four ways, and bearing in the middle a belfry with a little attenuated spire. In 1783, on the general rebuilding of the town, its meeting- house was erected on the top of the Town Hill (Plan I.), from which a good deal of earth had been removed the year before, thus reducing its height. The grant of the land has already been quoted (p. 17), and some particulars about the house have been given. It was of wood, and was 72 by 52 feet ex- ternally, besides a porch, and a tower, 22J by 20 feet, that fronted Henley Street. Some of the original plans further show that it had two rows of round-topped windows on the four sides, and a gallery around three sides of the interior. An enlargement became necessary in 1804, adding 15 feet on each side, making the building, if the rearrangement of the pews and the way they faced is the basis of description, 82 feet wide and 72 feet long according to the plan, or 84 by 74 feet as measured (J. H.). The steeple, according to a plan reported at a parish meeting June 8, 1803, was 193 feet high. It, like the interior finish at that time, was designed by Charles Bulfinch. Mr. Frothingham (Hist. C, 161) gives a litho- graphic general view of the exterior. Reproductions from the original plan of the steeple, from an elevation of the side of the interior, and from plans of the pews, with names, before the alteration, are here given.^ It was by far the most impor- tant building in the town, and its erection so soon after the severe trials of the war was strong evidence of enterprise and devotion. Of special gifts, there was from Hon. Thomas Rus- sell a clock that still bears his name and keeps time well in its place on the front of the existing gallery ; a larger one is still doing good service in the present brick tower; and " Champion, Dickason, & Burgis, merchants of London, presented a bell " 1 These plans, and some other papers, saved by the late James Hunnewell, ap- pear to be about the only early Parish relics of the sort extant. r~\ r^ ^~^ r\ r'~^ ' / I 1 / ^p2&n of Tfze Q^iterationj- -of t^e'VZeetmo House ?r7 -the J^irst Parish tn tP?e ^oia^ti of C/iarfej-tauni (0 i^SxJijg^^ Z'^^'^'f a "TJ^ 1 •'yyj'-.jy^ "yfy-^-^*^/ "yy^^qy^/ [ ^ ^y ,^ 5 ^>;r^^^iri "^y/^^^ .41, "j^ties ■^^ffS'^^'f ^r ^^f^^- "^ye i^s> Chaf^uestown Meeting-House, 1804. Pews ON The Floor. PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. 53 weighing 1,300 pounds, also now in the tower. After a curious history ,1 it was bought from the Town by tlie late James Hun- newell, and the Parish has the use of it under certain wise and proper conditions. A chapel built by the Church, " in the Garden of the par- sonage, by leave of the pastor" (Plan II.), was opened for services Feb. 19, 1809. It was a wooden building, 26 x 21 feet, and " lO^- feet high in the clear," costing about |400, raised by subscription, — 1411 from 65 persons, including $35.50 from several ladies not thus counted. Extensive repairs were at length needed, and it was decided to rebuild the meeting-house of brick. The walls of the pres- ent edifice, except those of the tower, angle-porches, and chan- cel, were erected closely on the old site (see Plan III.), and the new house was dedicated July 3, 1884. Rev. Dr. Fay, June 23, 1833, preached, from Psalm xliv., 1-3, the last sermon in the old house, giving an account of the settlement of the town, and of the beginning of the church there in 1630. So few exact details remain about the houses of the First Church be- fore the Revolution, that it seems proper to set down here a rather full account of those subsequently built. On taking down the old house, " some of the timber, joist, and boards of the oldest part were found to be perfectly sound and good ; " but parts were decayed, and some of the wood was " little other than powder post, particularly in the tower, where it was worse than in the body of the house." All the " old foundation and underpinning stone were used in the new cellar wall, . . . also all the large timber and part of the joist in the floor and side-galleries of the new house ; the rough board- ing of the lower floor, and all the furring of boards and planks on the new walls are from the old house" (as well as the heavy posts inside the existing piers of the arcade). In addition to the old materials, there were bought of new, 86,788 ft. of boards and plank, 10,798 ft. of joist, 4,490 ft. of ranging tim- 1 Including this, the writer printed, in 1868, an article refuting a charge made against "the Charlestown people" (Hist. Gen. Keg. xxii., 390) that they stole a church hell, which an aged man, who told the story, had seen. It is fully shown that he never could have seen such a bell, and the people were not what he stated. 64 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. ber and 45 tons of ton timber, together with 315,000 bricks, " nearly all of -which were made in Charlestown," cellar stones from Cape Ann, and ashlar stones (still seen in the basement) from Quincy. These particulars are from the record kept by James Hunnewell, secretary and treasurer of the building committee, who, it should be added, gave very important help in carrying the Parish and ancient Church safely through a trying period. The edifice, dedicated July 3, 1834, was of the old hall plan, but it was finished in tlie style of the time. Internally the walls were covered with yellow wash ; the flat ceiling was plain and white, and had a large stucco centre-piece ; the pulpit, of mahogany, was semi-circular and high ; the facings of the galleries, on three sides, were panelled ; and two huge Doric pillars in front of the organ supported the inner part of the belfry. Underneath the hall were two " vestries," or lecture- rooms, and a sort of cellar. Externally there was a granite basement from which rose walls of hard brick marked by pilasters that were capped, and that bore a simple entablature. The slated roof remains, but an open cupola of a base and eight Ionic pillars bearing a dome and containing the bell, was removed in 1852. Broad wooden steps led up to a platform and three doors in the front (towards the Square).^ Rev. W. I. Budington was ordained April 22, 1840. He, as he told the writer near the close of his life, came determined with all his young enthusiasm — that never left him — to de- vote himself to the old church. He wrote its history, and on his return from a tour in Europe, for which leave and some- thing more were given, advocated a remodelling and some con- formity to Christian art. A costly but commonplace design, furnished by one then in fashion, was happily discarded, and Alexander R. Esty, a man of ideas and then young, was em- ployed. His design, somewhat in Norman forms, was adopted. The only tower in the town was built, with an unusually pic- turesque belfry story ; round heads were given the windows ; a chancel northward was added ; a fine arcade of five arches ' No exact view is known to the writer. A wood-cut (Hist, of C, p. 133) is imperfect in details, but the general form is shown. PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. 65 supporting a groined ceiling, and three arches before the chan- cel, were constructed inside ; and new pews, organ, and pulpit were added. Jan. 6, 1853, the new, and existing, house was dedicated. In 1868 Miss Charlotte Harris gave a chime of sixteen bells, commemorative of her ancestors and family, Devens and Harris, who were long connected with the Church and Parish, as some of her relatives have been to the present time. In 1870, repairs and renewals becoming needed, they were quite extensively made, and Oct. 2d the house was reopened. By vote of the Parish, the matter of coloring was left with the writer, and polychrome was used, not to the extent he might wish, but to an extent then novel in this region, and according to available funds ; for the Parish, suiting his advice for many years, considered a file of bills paid a better offering to the Lord than a nice little list of notes payable. If the design of the interior, good as it is, must perforce be carried out in the vicious American fashion of lath and plaster, there is not much bad art in the simple, expressive coloring. No rubbish of sham panels, pilasters, and scrolls, dishonors the walls, and instead of a sham Bible or cross daubed back of the pulpit, as some folks like, there is, in bright gold, the emblem of heavenly glory, a great monogram of the name before which every knee shall bow, expressed in letters such as the Apostles used in their writing, and the early confessors put on the tombs of the martyrs. In the basement there are neatly finished lecture and com- mittee rooms ; the exterior of the building is painted dark brown ; and the whole (1887) was never in better order. A good iron fence encloses the premises, that are wholly inso- lated, and contain grass-ground, together with some trees and shrubs, — the only example in town of an English church-green. May 12, 1801, the Baptists dedicated their house, the second in the town, a wooden one, 75 by 50 feet, with a two-storied cupola at the west end, placed at the head of Salem Street on land given by 0. Holden. A considerable number of members withdrew in 1809, but kept the house, and, in 1810, the older body built a brick house, 60 by 46 feet, " and only about 16 56 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. feet in height," on Austin Street. This building was enlarged in 1830, and in 1843 was replaced by a new one of brick, built nearly on the same site but fronting Lawrence Street. Its exterior is covered with brown mastic, and there is a tall wooden steeple without a tower. Internally, it has been re- modelled, and now something of the Basilica form and style appears, without side galleries and with two rows of pillars bearing a low, arched ceiling. The edifice is bounded on three sides by streets, and at the rear by houses. In 1810, says Dr. Bartlett, " A Universal meeting-house, 62 feet long, 62 feet wide, and 34 feet high, was built with brick. It is commodious and handsomely finished." Feb. 27th of the next year, the " First Universalist Society " was incorporated. It was the third prominent Religious Society in the town, and was destined to become one of the most important of its de- nomination. Its original house, of the old hall form, redeco- rated on the inside, painted a pale olive color on the outside, and surmounted by a large and high square belfry at the west- erly end, is still its place of worship, standing detached on the Society's ground near Thompson Square (Plan IV.). The Unitarian, or Second Congregational Society, incorpo- rated Feb. 9, 1816, has been called the Harvard Church since 1837. Its house, built of brick, dedicated Feb. 10, 1819, still in good order, measures 71 by 67 feet on the inside, and has in front a square tower bearing a handsome steeple of wood. Except in the latter, that follows the school of Wren — the favorite when it was designed — and that has two stories with Corinthian and Composite pillars and entablatures surmounted by the spire, the exterior is plain and without architectural features. The interior shows the hall plan, with galleries on three sides, a flat ceiling with an elaborate centre-piece of stucco, and two rows of square-headed windows. While in it there is nothing ecclesiastical, as the word has meant for over a dozen centuries, this interior, although changed (1859) still gives some valuable evidence of the taste and habits of the time when it was built. The extensive alterations, not all of which were improvements, that were made, included new pews, and a pulpit in a recess within a plain and not beautiful addition made to PLACES OP PUBLIC ■WORSHIP. 57 the northerly end of the house. Mural commemorative in- scriptions and monuments are very scarce in the town, but of them there are in this meeting-house two that honor those who erected them, as well as Eev. Dr. Walker and Rev. Thos. Pren- tiss, to whose memory they were raised. The former, placed at the side of the pulpit towards Wood Street, and dedicated Jan. 14, 1883, is a work of considerable size and elaboration, Renaissance in style, showing a portrait bust beneath an arch, flanked by inscriptions. Unlike six out of the nine Protestant places of worship here, this house has no rooms beneath it, but in place of them it has a cellar used during many years for storage and business, and making it the only religious edifice used for such purposes. A separate building for lectures and minor meetings, the Boylston Chapel, stands in a court at some distance (Plan lY.). The Baptists' meeting-house of 1801, sold (for |1,850) by order of Court (1815), was used for a short time (1817-19) by the Unitarian congregation, and subsequently, for many years, by the Methodist society. Afterwards it was used as an armory, and a public hall, until 1882, when it was demol- ished to make way for " The Salem," a large, brick, apartment liouse, in picturesque style, belonging to Thos. Doane. At least four places of worship besides these already mentioned have also been occupied by the Baptists. Mr. Holden, the writer is told, maintained a very small chapel that stood nearly opposite the head of Wood Street, and between 1809 and 1823, Rev. W. Balfour ministered to a congregation with some pecu- liarities of belief. Both of these societies worshipped in pri- vate buildings (Dr. B.). In 1844, the High Street Baptist Church was formed, and March 5, 1846, dedicated its house, opposite the end of Elm Street. It was a plain wooden build- ing, afterwards enlarged by the Trinity Methodist society, to which it passed, and was burned on Sunday morning, Feb. 10, 1867. Meanwhile a wooden house had been built for a congre- gation in Elm Street, and another, with a steeple, at the Neck, near the line of the Eastern railroad. Both of these latter have disappeared. January 14, 1850, the Bethesda Baptist Church was organized, called since 1851 the Bunker Hill 68 A CENTUEY OP TOWN LIFE. Baptist, which built (1851) a plain wooden house that was remodelled (1885) and made much more elaborate, in the style sometimes called " Queen Anne." This house has a steeple westward, and is bounded on two sides by streets and on the other two by dwellings. The Methodists, when in the house mentioned above, were divided, and another was built (1848) for a second society, on the corner of High Street and Monument Square. It is a neat, simple, building of brick, the facings of which are pressed, relieved by stone trimmings, and is surmounted by a small cupola. In 1866, the house was remodelled, and enlarged. In 1867, the Trinity Methodist Society set an example that, certainly in one matter, ought to be much oftener followed. Their house burned Feb. 10th was insubstantial, combustible, and, if the truth can be spoken, it was also very ugly. On rebuilding, S. J. P. Thayer, arcliitect, furnished designs, and a house was built not merely of brick in the customary way, but with hollow walls, on which the inside plaster finish was laid. The roof, supported by slender pillars and showing its frame, had no dangerous garret ; partitions in the basement were filled solid ; indeed a nearer approach was made to un- inflammable construction than in any other public building ever in the town, while, at the same time, one of the largest Protestant churches then in the State was made convenient and attractive by simple forms of recent eclectic Pointed style. On a moonlight night the view of the front from the northeast- ward, when the tower, spire, and central gable, are seen at an angle, shows, perhaps, the prettiest bit of grouping now in the town. The Congregationalists once more divided after 1816. In 1834 the Winthrop Church was formed, and for it, on Union Street, was built a brick house somewhat like that of the First Church, but plainer, — indeed, to Puritan austerity. In 1847 land was bought on Green Street (Plan IV.), and March 4, 1849, a new house there was dedicated. It is of brick, with a buttressed tower bearing a wooden steeple at the N. W. corner. The extreme outside measure is about 100 by 70 feet, and all parts are painted a dark brown color. There PLACES OP PUBLIC WORSHIP. 59 are lecture and other rooms in the basement, on the floor above which are sittings for a large congregation, such as has always been gathered here. The old native hall form, with the galleries on three sides appears, but, like the exterior, de- signed in the style of the earlier period of the Gothic Revival, an arched ceiling, a little more acute than the usual Tudor arch, being the chief feature. In the decoration, polychrome to a moderate extent was introduced in 1880, and in a recess behind the pulpit is a high, black walnut reredos of unusual elegance. There are no grounds attached to the edifice. The Episcopalians of the town, formally gathered Jan., 1840, at first held services in the Town Hall. In 1841 they built and dedicated St. John's Church, a brick edifice with a front of dark granite ashlar, having a low, square tower, standing at the corner of Richmond Street and Bow (now Devens) Street. Here also the taste of the earlier period of the Gothic Revival was shown in a building of the old hall form. A picturesque wooden chapel was erected (1873, Ware and Van Brunt archi- tects), on adjoining land bought by the Parish, and (1877, A. C. Martin, architect) extensive alterations and improvements were made inside the church. There the fittings are neat, and recently added chancel furniture is good and appropriate. Conspicuous behind the altar is the only memorial window of stained glass in the town, placed there in memory of Peter Hubbell, for many years the efficient senior warden, who died in January, 1871. In aspect and condition this church was never better than at present. Of the Roman communion there were few persons in the town until about half a century after the rebuilding, but sub- sequently the number has increased until it has become large. Their first church, on Richmond Street, was dedicated to St. Mary in May, 1829. Notwithstanding the conservative regard for established forms characteristic of tlie great organization represented here, the old local hall, with its galleries on three sides, was built, partly for the same reasons of wants and means that affected the early settlers. St. Mary's is a plain brick building, 45 by 133 feet (a considerable addition to the original length having been made a few years ago), with two light, open 60 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. cupolas on brick bases at the front, but with no architectural features. The interior shows scrolls and patterns in fresco on the walls and ceiling, a new altar, and several paintings. This church becoming utterly insufficient in size for a rapidly in- creasing congregation, another was erected on the summit of Bunker Hill, on the site of the British redoubt, and beside the Catholic burial-ground. Walls, 74 by 150 feet, of blue stone with granite trimmings, and a spire 181 feet high, rising from a gable at the front, form a substantial edifice that is conspicu- ously seen for a great distance. Internally, it shows a nave with slender pillars, lateral galleries, and a chancel, the light coming through two rows of low-pointed windows at the sides. June 17, 1862, it was dedicated to St. Francis de Sales, who was canonized in 1665. He was " of a noble family of Savoy," and (1602-22) a distinguished bishop of Geneva. It is nota- ble that two of the remaining four hills of the peninsula are closely associated with men of that one distant city, — John Calvin, who died in 1564, with the First Church, on Town Hill, and this great exemplar of the ancient ritual with the actual Bunker Hill. In 1887, still larger numbers of attendants made it necessary to build two more churches. At the junc- tion of Corey and Vine streets, the corner stone of one was laid (July 31) dedicated to St. Catharine of Sienna. It is of bi'ick, with freestone trimmings, in modified Romanesque style, and measures outside 156 x 98 feet, and has a tower with a short spire 112 feet high. The other, or new St. Mary's, a massive and expensive edifice, at the corner of Warren and Winthrop streets, will be 153J X 81 feet, and also be of brick, but a large amount of granite will be used. There will be a tower, ultimately crowned by a spire 180 feet high. The style will be a modern form of Pointed. Note. — Of Christian Art, as known to the world for fifteen centuries, it is interesting to review what this prosperous New England town has at the end of two and a half centuries. The feeling of the founders has prevailed throughout, for while houses are commodious, and are now, as they were not in early days, comfortable or even luxurious, there is very little real Art. The First Church has the one interior designed on eccle- siastical lines, but the execution is American, In lath and plaster. It has, INSTITtTTIONS OP BENEVOLENCE. 61 also, the first mural monument in the town raised since the Revolution, a large slab commemorative of the ministers before that period, prepared at the desire, and by the care, of the Rev. Dr. Budington. The Harvard church has the one sculptured monument of this kind (p. 57). St. John's has the one memorial window of stained glass, besides good altar furniture (p. 59) ; and the Winthrop has an elegant reredos of tracery in Pointed style, executed in black walnut. Altar paintings, not numerous on the European scale, are found in the Catholic churches. Of architectural features in carved stone, there is scarcely a trace ; of mosaic there is none ; ia the First Church there is some terra cotta; and a large chime of bells, also there, might be added to this list. Charlestown is, however, not ex- ceptionally poor in Art for an American place of its size. INSTITUTIONS OF BENEVOLENCE. Funds for educational, benevolent, and religious purposes have long existed in the town, but only in recent times have there been buildings that represented any of them. The old Church funds were in land and notes (in 1788, 32 acres, and £174. 7. 4). The Charlestown Poor's Fund, originating at least as early as 1674 in the bequest of Richard Russell (£200.), was increased by that of Capt. Richard Sprague (equal, 1749, to 1460, silver), of Mr. Rand (£38. 12), and of Thos. Call (1772, 188.89). After the Revolution it was, from time to time, still more increased, until now, counting the se- curities at par, it amounts to $23,300. The Free School Fund, dating from 1647 and 1660, when lands were set apart for the purpose, also grew by degrees, so that, in a report to a Town meeting, Dec, 1792, it was "prized" at £861.12.1. After that time slight additions were made, and money for free education was raised by taxa- tion. Other funds, more or less public, and for special or less general objects, also exist. Of institutions occupying buildings wholly devoted to their use, one, of which the germ appears at perhaps the earliest date, although both name and development are recent, is the Young Men's Christian Association. As far back as 1739 there was a " Society of Young Men in Charlestown, who [were] United together for the Exercises of Religion on the Lord's Day Evenings," to whom the Rev. Hull Abbot preached 62 A CENTUEY OP TOWN LIFE. (July 8) a sermon on Early Piety. The modern form of the institution was, however, long afterwards organized. In June, 1853, the Young Men's Evangelical Union was begun, with members from the two Trinitarian Congregational, three Bap- tist, two Methodist, the Bethesda, and St. John's churches. It owed " its origin to the late philanthropic movement in all our large cities, to rescue and aid young men constantly coming . . . from the interior," who " stand much in need of fellow- ship and assistance," says the preface to its By-laws. Through changes an organization with similar purpose, although with enlarged or modified forms, has continued, and now occupies a large wooden building developed from that of the Seminary on Union Street. It was paid for by subscription, and in it a reading-room, and a hall with an organ and a stage for lectures or evening amusements are provided. In 1833 the Infant School Society opened its school at 6 Warren Street, and in 1834 was incorporated. For many years (1834-70) it maintained a (wooden) house on Richmond Street, and took care of young children. To this name that of Children's Some was added in 1869, and a larger and better building (also wooden) on Austin Street, has been owned and supported by members of the Protestant societies. Its objects are commendable, and justly its condition is prosperous. In connection with it are especially associated the labors and name of Miss Mary D. Balfour. A still larger institution, now supported by funds ($34,092 in 1886) and by general contributions, and managed in a simi- lar manner, originated (1865) in a bequest (valued at $10,000) by an old resident, and from her receives its name of The Winchester Home for Aged Women. Of these beneficiaries there were in 1886 thirty-five, aged from 61 to 89. At first the three-storied wooden house long occupied by Jas. K. Froth- ingham was used, but as more room was wanted, a picturesque building was erected (1872-73) on adjacent land. It has two stories and a high basement of red brick, a so-called French roof with another good story, and a flattened pyramidal bit of roof to accent the centre. The architect was S. J. F. Thayer, and the whole cost about $45,000, obtained by subscriptions and bequests. INSTITUTIONS OF BENEVOLENCE. 63 Until April, 1872, " Charlestown, with its thirty thousand inhabitants, was without any organization, excepting that of the overseers of the poor, for the ready medical and surgical relief of the sick and maimed poor," wrote the Eev. C. E. Grin- nell, chairman of a meeting called by Dr. E. J. Forster, who was then chosen superintendent of an institution incorporated Feb., 1873, as the Charlestown Free Dispensary and Hospital. With a small fund, but chiefly supported by annual subscriptions, it continues to do good work, attending annually to about a thousand cases, rather less than half of which are with patients of foreign birth, although most of them are of foreign parentage. Other societies, but without special buildings, have also been, from time to time, formed for benevolent purposes. As early as 1802, the Eev. Dr. Morse and associates formed what was prac- tically a germ of the more modern Tract Societies. " There can be little doubt," says S. E. Morse (1867), "that in 1802, the pastor and people of the First Parish in Charlestown had done more in circulating religious tracts among the poor and destitute in the United States, than any other people in New England." It would be difficult now to find or make up a set of the works thus distributed, but there were 32,600 copies of 19 tracts. In 1813, ninety-nine persons of all classes and be- liefs formed the Charlestown Association for the Reformation of Morals, an object for which extraordinary means were then thought necessary. The Rev. Dr. Morse, foremost in the good works of the town, was the chairman. Six years later (Nov. 1, 1819) the Female Benevolent Society was formed, the name Devens being substituted for Female, Dec. 26, 1856. Its mem- bers are chiefly of the Universalist Society, and its object is to provide clothing for the needy. The Mechanic Union Charita- ble Association was incorporated in 1839, and in 1853 was formed the Bunker Hill Mutual Loan and Fund Association. The modern form of religious ministration known as the City Missionary, was begun by the organization, Dec, 1843, of the Charlestown City Mission and Tract Society, composed of members " of all the Evangelical Churches of the Town," the directors being the minister and one layman from each of eight 64 A CENTUET OF TOWN LIFE. churches. The first president was Capt., afterwards Commo- dore, J. B. Montgomery, a member of the First Church. In 1851, the operations of the Society were made more compre- hensive, and these continued for a considerable period. Mean- while, in 1846 (April 19), the Unitarians began a similar work called the Ministry at Large, that was continued until 1879, the Eev. 0. C. Everett being most of the time, and indeed the chief, minister (Oct. 1, 1850, to Aug., 1869). For this enterprise the wooden Harvard chapel, costing $10,000, built on Edge- worth Street, was dedicated Feb. 12, 1856. It was sold at auction July 31, 1879. During the Civil War, Charlestown, in work for the help and comfort of those under arms, was honorably represented by the Bunker Sill Soldiers Belief Society, originated April 19, 1861. Naturally, and very propei'ly, it was neither sectarian nor partisan, and hard and nobly worked the many ladies, its members. Mrs. H. G. HutcHns was the first President ; Mrs. W. L. Hudson, V. P. ; Mrs. H. Lyon, Sec. ; Miss A. B. Bates, Treas. They were helped by funds as follows, from Bunker Hill Ass?, California, James Hunnewell, Charlestown, From all other sources, ii,975.78 $3,647.66 In the Roman Catholic churches there have been large and efficient organizations for their members. The Mutual Relief Society of St. Mary's was instituted January, 1834, and incor- porated March 1, 1844 ; the Father Matthew Mutual Benevo- lent Total Abstinence Society, also of St. Mary's, dates from August 30, 1849, and the St. Francis de Sales Church Belt Society from 1879. Tlie latter proved one of the greatest successes of the kind in the history of the town. A large number of organizations into which benevolent work enters exist also in the Lodges, Orders, and other pri- vate associations. If not Benevolent Societies, the old Fire Societies were formed and maintained for the public or social good, and may properly be mentioned here. There were three organized 1862-63 1863-64 $2,735.50 $743.65 500.00 500.00 1,740.28 2,404.01 MILITARY COMPANIES. 65 after the Revolution, — the Phoenix (1795), the Washington^ (1800), and the Jefferson (1810). The oldest was, however, the Ancient,"'^ instituted Nov. 8, 1743, composed of house- holders acting for mutual protection or aid, and maintained until paid public companies took the place of such early and more restricted associations. The number of members was limited to 25, one of whom was clerk and treasurer. Candi- dates stood proposed three months, and two negatives on a ballot excluded. Each member was obliged to keep two leather buckets, two bags (1| X | yd.) with his name on them, and a bed-key and belt, and, on notice of a fire, must " repair with his buckets, bags, and key, to the place where it happens" (Rules, p. 5), and " use his best endeavors" to save property of the members. A pair of leather buckets that belonged to James Hunne- well, who joined the Society soon after his final return from the Pacific, still hangs a few yards from the writer's desk, a reminder of an old and necessary, but now disused, custom. A few rods distant, in notable contrast, is the incomparably equipped station, and the efficient professional corps of the Fire Department of the present. MILITARY COMPANIES. While the steps of the British troops, when they left Charles- town in 1776, were the last by hostile forces on its ground, and while since then peace has been permanent within it, the mili- 1 From a copy of the Constitution, ivith 37 pp. MS. added, owned by the writer, it appears that there were 25 members, whose names, occupations, and residences are given. 2 The writer's list of members, 1743 to 1832, contains the names of owners of many of the most prominent estates in the town, and as the whole is early and rare, the names of the founders may well he here given : — • Jas. Flucker (clerk) ; Thaddeus Mason ; Ezekiel Cheever, Jr. ; John Foy ; John Sprague ; William Ford ; John Leppington ; Edward Sheaffe ; Isaac Foster ; Isaac Johnson ; Joseph Austin Nathaniel Gorham ; David Wyer ; James Russell ; Richard Dane ; Samuel Bradstreet ; Richard Foster, Jr. ; John Stevens ; Samuel Henley ; John Codman ; John White ; Peter Edes ; John Breed ; Chambers Russell ; Samuel Dowse. 6 66 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. tary history of the place did not by any means end, even if it may be said to have culminated, in the battle of Bunker Hill. Peaceful and safe as the place has been nearly all the time since its settlement, the risks of the earlier years, and even of the Provincial period, made troops desirable, and, indeed, neces- sary ; and subsequent exigencies, down to our own day, have shown the wisdom of having some good military organization. For service in " King Pliilip's War," at Louisburg, in the Rev- olution, the war of 1812, the Mexican War, and that for the Union, — especially the last, — Charlestown has furnished men. For the first, " one of its citizens, Capt. Samuel Hunting, raised a company of ' Praying Indians,' which mustered here " (1675), says Mr. Frothingham, and (1676) " having some English in it, performed efficient service." Citizens also enlisted, or were impressed, in other companies. As early as 1686, Rev. Cotton Mather preached (Sep. 13) at an Artillery Election held here, " a very good Discourse," wrote Judge Sewall, who adds that the " Company had like to have been broken up ; the animosity so high between Charlestown and Cambridge Men about the Place of Training." In Col. Thos. Gardner's Middlesex Regi- ment, at Bunker's Hill, was a company under Capt. Josiah Harris, raised in Charlestown. It did good service on the bank of the Mystic, at the left flank of the Provincial line, and was " the last to retreat." Along with the rebuilding of the town occurred the formation of the Artillery Company ^ (1786), and two more companies were added to the militia in 1804, — the Warren Phalanx, and the Light Infantry. The former is continued ; the latter two lasted about forty years ; and the Columbian Guards half as long, dating from 1818. In 1850, the City Guards were organized, and they had an active career, as also have had the Cadets, organized in 1864. Besides these were the Jackson Guards (Co. G, 9th Reg.), ^ Capt., Win. Calder; Capt.-Lieut., Solomon Phipps ; l.st Lieut., Windsor Jones ; 2d, Sam'. Morse. In 1797, 1st brigade, 3d div. Art. Battalion, witli Capt., David Goodwin. 1802, Capt., John Carter, Jr. ; 1805, Joseph Eeed. 1805, 1st brigade, 3d div. Eeg. of Art., Capt., Andrew Eoulston ; John Farley, 1812 ; John Sweetser, 1814 ; and many since. The Co. is now in the 9th Eegiment, with Edward Eagan captain. THE POKDER HOUSE OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 67 dating from 1855, and tlie Prescott Light Guards (Co. C, 1st Batt. Cavalry) dating from 1863. During the war for the Union, Charlestown furnished its full share of soldiers. In addition to those scattered in a great many companies, no small number in the aggregate, they largely composed other companies. For 3 months' service (May-July, 1861) in the Fifth Regiment, there were in Co. 0, 41 ; in K, 66 ; for 100 days (1864), in Co. D, 72 ; in H, 58 ; for 9 months (Sep., 1862, to July, 1863) in Co. A, 86 ; in D, 89 ; in H, 95 ; while in the Forty-seventh there were 85 in Co. E. For 3 years (from July, 1863) there were 124 in Co. I, of the Thirty-second, and (from July, 1862) 95 in Co. B, of the Thirty-sixth Infantry. (For Regimental Histories, see pp. 276, 277.) Since the war there have been organizations of the Grand Army for veterans ; and for the young, who are likely to learn what a long future has in store, there are the High School Cadets. OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The one existing public work of the town that can be called ancient, is the Powder House, near the corner of the road to Arlington and that between Cambridge and Medford, on land now in Somerville ; indeed it is almost the only such work of the Provincial times to be found throughout a wide region. Its walls, built of rough broken stones, perhaps 80 ft. high, form, as measured by the writer (April 15, 1886), a nearly exact circle 60| feet in circumference on the outside. At the one door (towards the north) they are 2^ feet thick, and the diameter of the interior directly thence is 14 ft., 2 in. Both outside and inside they curve slightly inward towards the top, which is covered by a tall conical wooden and shingled roof with curved outlines. Across the interior, until recently, there were heavy beams, and flooring, all of late broken, but these have been removed, leaving the whole space clear ; the floor is the earth ; the doorway unclosed, as also is a window oppo- site ; and the interior is dirty. Otherwise the structure is in tolerably good condition. Its roof was painted, and its walls 68 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. were whitewashed on the outside, a few years ago. The site appears to have belonged to Richard Lowden, one of the ear- liest inhabitants (1638), whose executor sold it (1703) to Jon' Fosket, and he (1703) to John Mallet, from whose son's widow it passed (1747) to Michael Mallet. Of the latter, "W" Foye, Treas. of the Province, bought (1747) the " stone edifice, formerly a windmill," with a lot, ^ of an acre square, the mill being in the centre. After the Revolution (?) it seems to have passed to Peter Tufts, and has been held by Nathan Tufts and his descendants. From the time it was built (probably befoi'e 1710) the edifice was for many years a widely known grist-mill, and then, for a much longer period, was a storehouse for all, or a great part of, the powder belonging to the Province and the State. There is probably no other existing monument of the open- ing of the American Revolution as entire, old, and important as this Powder-House. It has been preserved chiefly by pri- vate care, but will probably sometime be kept by more secure and permanent tenure than anything private can be under our institutions. The event that gives it a notable place in the history of the United States is described in the " Essex Ga- zette," Sep. 6, 1774, p. 2: — "Boston, Monday, September 5. On Wednesday last the new Divan (consisting of the wretched Fugitives with -whom the just in- dignation of their respective Townsmen, by a well deserved expulsion, have filled this Capital), usurped the Seats round the Council Board in Boston. Their deliberations have not hitherto transpired, and with equal secresy, on Thursday morning at half after Four, about 260 Troops embarked on board 13 boats at the Long- Wharf and proceeded up Medford Kiver, to Temple's Farm, where they landed, and went to the Powder-House, on Quarry-hill, in Charlestown bounds, whence they have taken 250 half barrels of powder, the whole store, and carried it to the castle." The account published in Boston is briefer : — " This Morning a Party of the Troops proceeded to Charlestown, and took Possession of the Powder in the Powder-House there, and are now conveying it round to Boston, in Waggons, and then pro- ceeded to Medford Powder House for the like Purpose." (Mass. Gazette, Sep. 1, 1774, p. 2.) OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 69 Ammunition was as precious as cash to the Provincials, and the seizure of it here had an exceptional importance, making this raid especially momentous as an opening event in the struggle for national life. While ground that once belonged to Charlestown still bears an old, and almost unique, preserved historical monument, it also bears an American rarity, a ruin, — a slight fragment, in- deed, but half a century old, — the relic of a Convent. In 1820 an extensive tract of land, including the Ploughed Hill of Revolutionary times, was secured, and on it Di's. Matignon and Cheverus, " with funds given by a native citizen of Bos- ton," founded this institution. Six years later its community, of the Order of St. Ursula, which was established in 1536, came to town and occupied a farm-house at the foot of the hill, " until the main building on its summit was finished," as it was in 1827. The education of girls was one of the pur- poses of the Order, and accordingly a Seminary for them was here opened. Its reputation " was widely extended, and the number of pupils from all the New England, and from many of the Southern States, and the British Provinces, rapidly in- creased ; so that in the year 1829, it was found necessary to add two large wings to the building." (Report, 1834.) The only Roman service that the Protestant scholars were required to attend was the Latin mass on Sunday in the chapel. (Ace, 1884, p. 16.) At different times there were from four to ten or twelve nuns, and from forty to sixty pupils. Various re ports, that appear to have been unfounded or exaggerated, were circulated about doings in the Convent, until on the even- ing of Aug. 11, 1834, a mob attacked and burned the build- ing, after dispersing its inmates (12 nuns, and 57 girls, some of the latter quite young). Great excitement existed before and after the event, and a considerable number of now rare pub- lications relate to it (Bib., p. 57). While the building was left a wreck, considerable fragments stood many years afterwards, but now (1887) only the lowest portion of the basement is left, in some places scarcely above the surface of the ground ; but the form and size of the building can still be clearly determined, as, if the destruction continues, they cannot be a few years hence. 70 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. Measurements were made by the writer, and J. M. H., April 12, 1886. The basement walls, 20 in. thick at the bottom, were built of split slate stone laid in common lime mortar, and above them were 16 in. walls of red brick. The building seems to have stood directly on the natural surface of the ground, without a cellar except a small one at the west end, much of the outer side of it being above ground, so that it was entered there by a wide door, a fragment of one jamb still re- maining. The main part of the Convent, surmounted by a cupola, was three, the other parts two, stories high, and the style appears to have been very simple. In front there was a large circular garden, with little paths and thickly set clusters of small shrubs, all still shown by remains. Towards the Winter Hill road there was a high, steep slope with terraces, along which curved a driveway, while on the other hand there was an abrupt descent towards Medford turnpike, from which the Convent grounds were separated by the Middlesex Canal. From the front and rear extended the broad, slightly " crown- ing " top of the ridge-like hill, commanding, as it now does except due east, a very wide and noble prospect. No other public buildings now of the town, besides some of the places of worship, are over thirty years old, or without important change made within that period. Few historical or personal associations are consequently gathered around them, and, furthermore, by their designs they do not to any great degree illustrate the history of American art, of moderate length as that is ; and although somewhat expensive, they can, with few exceptions, hardly be called works of any form of real art. Much more in them are shown the influences of the early days, making practical use, rather than monumental or artistic expression, their characteristic. Of a cost far beyond any tried, or dreamed of, here generations ago, partly built of materials more substantial than any that the times then made possible, they yet show noticeably the old precedent of inflam- mable construction. The traditions of lath and plaster, of wooden stairs, floors, and roofs, are followed, with a subservi- ency not exclusively Chinese or Charlestonian. Inadequate accommodations for Town offices and secular ^^ Tl-'^/ was! . OTHEB PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 71 gatherings of the people, in over thirty years, made a building for both wanted. Accordingly in 1818 a Town Hall was built on the Square (Plan I., 2). It was of good size, three stories Iiigh, — a tall basement of cut granite, two stories of red brick, — and had a roof sloped four ways. Along the middle there was a ridgepole, from which ran a depressed gable towards the front, and at the centre of the edifice rose a white wooden cupola. The style was simple but dignified, with slight at- tempt at architectural features. On the first floor were shops, on the second was a hall of good size, with large square- headed windows on each side, plain walls covered with " mar- bled" paper, and a plain whitewashed ceiling supported by half a dozen Roman Doric pillars of wood painted to suggest an imaginary motley yellow marble. The best hall the Town has had for nearly two and a half centuries, it stood forty years and was the scene of many a lively Town meeting, of Fairs that of course did a great deal of good, of the earliest "classic" concerts heard in the place, of series of Lyceum lectures, and other events. In it, on these occasions, often met, one time and another, all of old Charlestown now nearly vanished. Again were larger municipal accommodations wanted. In 1868 the old building was torn down, and the City Hall, a higher building, of red brick with brownstone and painted wooden trimmings, was erected on the same area, but with a wing on Harvard Street added (making the whole 100 x 87 ft.). Although it contains several large rooms, there is no hall. In the wing are the Police court and headquarters, together with cells, that, except two large safes or strong rooms, are the most substantial parts of the edifice. On the inside there is scarcely any attempt at architectural style or features ; on the outside most of the finish is said to be in Italian Renaissance, but it is of a kind hard to find in Italy. Most of the structure is cov- ered by a so-called French roof, the central part being sur- mounted by an octagonal wooden and slated dome, that rises from a square base. Since annexation the second floor of the main part has been occupied by the Public Library. Here, besides books, are nearly all the works of art in the town that 72 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. are public property.^ The edifice was dedicated June 17, 1869, and cost 1111,200. Next in importance are the School Houses, High and Gram- mar, all of which are built of red brick with more or less of stone trimmings. Their cost, size, and order according to age are stated below. Built. Size. Cost. Architect. ^o-v^. — Harvard (Plan I.) *1801 $3,220 rebuilt (do.) t 1847-8 54 x64 new (do.) §1872 90i X 94 130,285 S. J. F. Thayer. Bunker Hill (B. H. St.) 1805 36 X 25 1,000 rebuilt 1845 new (Baldwin St.) § 1866-r 60S X m 65,862 J. H. Eand. Wintkrop (Tr. field) *1827 56 X 32 5,859 new (B. Hill St.) 72 X 42 Warren (Salem St.) t 1839-40 60 X40 15,000 G. J. F. Bryant. new (do.) §1868 61 x90 69,500 J. H. Rand. High (Mont. Sq.) t 1847-8 26,000 A. B. Young. new (do.) §1870 755 X 75 87,000 S. J. F. Thayer. Prescott §1857 84 x60 36,500 Towle. Frothingham § 1875-6 119 X 90 128,454 G. A. Clough. * 2 stories ; t do. and basement ; § 3 stories and do. ; } 3 stories. Dimensions, like some other items, are not usually found in the published Reports. Of these buildings, the third Winthrop (now the Frothing- ham), is the most picturesque, and perhaps the most satisfactory, and shows the nearest approach to a defined architectural style. It is in what is called modern Gothic, is trimmed with sandstone and black bricks, and has gables and grouped windows. Mayor Cobb, at the dedication (Apr. 6, 1876), said that "it cost far less than any recent building of its class in [Boston], and is inferior to none of them in the extent of its accommodations," and in its sanitary appliances. The city had already borrowed two and a half millions that were spent on school-houses, some of them demolished long before the debt on them was paid. A new way was, however, followed here, and " this house, together with the land it stands on," was fully paid for out of the tax levy. In connection with these statements it is curious to 1 Paintings : Full length portraits of D. "Webster (by John Pope), given by citizens, 1853 ; Geo. Washington, after Stuart, by J. Frothingham (his scholar, and a native of C), do., 1858 ; Andrew Jackson, by A. C. Hoit, 1855, after Van- derlyn, 1819, given by Jacob Foss and others, 1855 (all once hung in the old Town Hall) ; and (| length) Richard Devens, by H. Sargent, 1793, beijueathed by Miss C. Harris ; also, by S. F. B. Morse, an historical painting. PLACES OP AMUSEMENT. 73 notice that this one school building cost about eleven times as much as did all the Grammar school buildings standing in Charlestown in 1834. The Harvard ranks perhaps next, ar- chitecturally, and although not in one of the older recognized styles, and capped by a massive cornice of painted wood, it has a look of dignity. The High School building, while also show- ing an attempt to realize something new in effect and detail, is a pretty good one. Of the other large structures of this class in town, it may be said that while they are rather plain, and do not teach much in art or beauty, they may be fairly consid- ered superior to not a few of their date, and even more costly, seen in the country. The primary school-houses, it should be added, are, while smaller and plainer, both neat and convenient. The number of scholars in the Charlestown schools, in 1886, averaged according to the Report, 2,241 primary (49 teachers), and 3,065 grammar (59 teachers), or a total of 5,306 scholars with 108 teachers. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Turning from instruction to amusement we find that build- ings for the latter can be briefly described. There are none. The town never had a theatre or a concert-room, yet it has occasionally been favored by visits of a circus. For entertain- ments of the sort provided by the last, there was a comparatively permanent structure of boards and canvas that stood near the southeasterly corner of the Waverley House before and after 1828. It was called the " Charlestown Circus," and there old citizens speak of having seen the " Forty Thieves " performed with live horses as well as actors ; there also was shown H. A. Barker's Panorama of the Battle of Paris (1814), " painted on 3,024 feet of canvas." In the old Town Hall there were con- certs and other occasional performances, as also there have been at a more recent date in Waverley and Monument Halls, in each of which, as well as in the 'Na.vy Yard, a stage has been fitted up, where amateurs have agreeably given plays. Observ- ers of the changes in thought and practice will notice that a more permanent stage is found in the Hall of the Young Men's Christian Association, and used in a similar manner. 74 A CENTT7RT OF TOWN LIFE. MONUMENTS. Charlestown still has, honorably preserved, one of those treas- uries of family history usually found in the older towns of New England, that, if apt to be of moderate value in art, are sure to be of great interest, and an important part of the local records ; indeed of the quiet village, or of the place grown to be a city, they are apt to be the only chronicles in stone. The Old Burial -Ground here is still all this after existing through more than two centuries, with their wear and change, including as they have the stress of war and risks of hostile occupation. Probably within fifteen years of the settlement one of the most retired and picturesque spots on the peninsula was chosen and used as the last resting-place of the towns- people. It was a green little knoll, around two sides of which flowed the then clear waters of a bay in the west bank of Charles River. There to the scattered stones set up by earlier generations more and more were added, until the ground was crowded. By degrees the buildings of the increasing town grew nearer, and at length- pressed close on every side, so that now it is quite hemmed in, and, if the trutli is said, by objects far from beautiful. Yet stones and turf, tombs and some good- sized trees, are well kept ; some of the stones are moved or gone, but on the whole fair care is bestowed on the now scarce used, but always precious old place. Around the border curves a nar- row carriage road, at the inner side of which, with slight inter- ruption for two thirds of the distance, are ranges of brick tombs whitewashed ; back of them on the slopes are the thickly set stones, among which, here and there, are large altar-shaped mon- uments dating from long before the present century, and others taller erected later. On the top of the hill is a granite obelisk 15 feet high, 4 feet square at the base, and 2 feet at the top, put there in 1 828 by alumni of Harvard, in memory of the minister whose name is borne by their College. " In piam et perpetuam memoriam," and other dutiful words, have already crumbled from the marble slabs then exposed upon the granite, but the memory of the honored pastor is still cherished, and there is an opportunity for some one to renew the inscription. MONUMENTS. 75 Few burial-grounds in New England can still show older stones. At least six here are before 1670, and several are of the first settlers or their children, and some are of persons born, or adults, before the town was even thought of, or its site really explored. Nearly all the earlier stones are short thick slabs of greenish slate, often embellished with a death's head, and are remark- ably well preserved. A few are red sandstone, that was used more, yet not a great deal, during the first half of the last cen- tury. Purple slate in larger pieces- then superseded both ma- terials, and white marble, the least durable of all, came into use chiefly in this century. In April, 1887, the writer copied the dates of deaths, and the names as there spelled, on all, or nearly all, the stones dated before 1700. All, early and late, are generally grouped by families, and arranged so that they would be on a slope of the knoll towards the part of the town where tjie persons buried had lived. In the southeasterly quarter are found Austin, Abi- gail, 1693, Eichard, 1694; Bacheler, William, 1669 (of red sandstone striped with yellow, looking as if brought from the west of England) ; Betts, Mary, 1678 ; Bickner, John, 1678 ; Baxter, John, 1688, and William, 1691 ; Brackenhury, William, 1668 (an inhabitant, 1629, and an original grantee), and Dor- cas, wife of John (Brakenbery), 1682 ; Beniamin, Joshua, 1684 ; Brooke, John, 1687; Cary, Hanah, 1672; Cutler, John, I&IQ, Margret, 1680, and Margret, 1680 (all on one stone with three heads) ; Caswell, Mary, 1705 ; Carter, Ann, 1679, Thomas, 1694, Esther, 1709 ; Chamherlen, John, 1684 ; Chalkley, Eobert, 1672 ; Cleashy, John, 1695 ; Codman, Beniamin, 1689, Susana, 1690-1, Hephzibah, 1690-1; Stephen (Codmon), 1706; Cookery, Henry, 1704; Davis, Nath"', 1690; Bows, Lawranc, 1692, Elizabeth, 1698, Capt. Nathaniel, 1719 ; Elasson, Samuel, 1694 ; Foster, William, 1698 ; Gerrish, Henry, 1678 ; Gill, Josiah, 1708; (rrz^n, Samuel, 1705-6 ; l?i7Z, Prudence, 1711 ; Hockey, Mary, 1678 ; Ruchenson, Thomas, 1692 ; Surd, Jacob, 1694, Sarah, 1711, Elizabeth, 1715; Jenner, Mabel, 1702, Eebecca, 1702; Kidder, Mary, 1707; Lee, Eebekah, 1692; Larkin, Thomas, 1677, Lydia, 1719 ; Lord, Samuel, 1696 ; Loyd, Han- 76 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. nah, 1699 ; Long, John, 1678, Sarah, 1674, Joan, 1691 ; Luke, George, 1691; Moarton, Anna, 1690; Newell, Mary, 1684, Margaret, 1689, John and Hannah, 1704 ; Nicholls, Sarah, 1678 ; Pa?/eji, Abigail, 1688, Edward (Pain), 1691; Parser, Daniel, 1694, Ann, 1719; Penney, Tamizian, 1710; Price, Hannah, 1698 ; Band, Edmond, 1683, Thomas, 1683, Alice (wife of Rob- ert, an inhabitant, 1635), 1691, Sarah, 1699; John, 1712, Me- hetabel, 1717; Russell, Richard, 1689; Somers, Hemy, 1708 ; Stower, Richard (who " arrived 1628," Town Rec), 1693, and another, 1693 ; Trumhal, John, 1693, Samuel (Trumball), 1706 ; Vpham, John, 1677 ; Wilson, Sarah, 1689, Mary, 1696. Around the top of the hill there are {S. E.') Breed, Ebenezer, 1715 ; Hayman, Grace, 1683 ; loann Jacob, 1681 ; Killen, Han- nah, 1690 ; Linde, Thomas, 1678 ; Mousel, Thomas, 1713 (sb. abt. 81) ; Scott, John (se. 75), 1681 ; Symmes, Timothy, 1678 ; Waite, Lydia, 1700 ; Waldo, Hannah, 1704. {S. TFi). Allen, Thomas, 1694; Anderson, John (as. 3 mos.), 1675; Bentle, John, 1690, Mary, 1690, Sarah (Bentley), 1692 (three infant children of Capt. Richard) ; Blaney, Sarah, 1694 ; Cary, James, 1681; Elisone, Sarah, 1680; Saiden, Elizabeth, 1680; Jawzisow, Sarah, 1691; Jones, Isaac, 1683, Thomas (loanes), 1686 ; Kettell, Mercy, 1692, Ensign Samuel, 1694; Ludkin, An, 1680, Aron, 1694 ; Newcom, Michael and Anna, 1692 ; Patten, William, 1711; ^^ewws, William, 1702; I'ayiaZZ, Susanna, 1690; Wellsted, Samvel, 1684 ; Wilson, William, 1690, John, 1697. (TF.). In a row facing the Harvard obelisk, John Fownell (se. 18), the oldest upright slab, 1654 ; Joanna Conuers (^. 86), 1672; William Bartholomew (£e. 78), 1680 ; Mary Greene (se. 4), 1666 ; Faithfvl Bowse (se. 75), 1664. Back of these are Phil- lips, Henry, 1680, William, 1687, Capt. Timothy, 1711 (some not as old of Larance family) ; Call, Jonathan, 1684, Ann, 1699, Waffe, 1703, Hannah, 1708 ; Bdmands, Elizabeth, 1678, Daniel (Edmans), 1688 ; Kettell, Richard, 1690, Abigail, 1690, Joseph, 1711 ; Lowden, Samuel, 1682, Mary, 1683, Richard, 1700 (as. 88, an inhabitant in 1638) ; Martin, Capt. Richard, 1694 ; Wayt, lohn (a peculiar black slate), 1704-5, lohn (Waite), 1690. (KW.}. In a front row, Elizabeth Greene, 1680; Caleb Greene, 1684; Sarah Byall, 1688. Back of them, Joseph MONUMENTS. 77 Grreene («. 4 weeks), 1690 ; Thomas Feirce, 1693 ; lane Pharus (ae. 82), 1686; Solomon Fhipjps, 1671 (a peculiar black, toI- canic-looking stone). On the north side of the path up from the gate, Adams, Nicolas, 1685, Ann, 1688, Hannah, 1699; Anna Keettell, 1678; Bunker, Beniamin, 1702, Jonathan (Bvncker), 1678 (born 1638, in C, son of Geo. who came there in 1634). On the other slopes of the knoll (S., S. W., and W.) there are fewer stones, but on them (in the direction E. to W.) are the following : William Dadey, 1682 ; Jane Sammond, 1681, and Abigail, 1673-4 ; Beniamin Soleley, 1688 ; Andrew Stimson, 1686 ; do., 1683 ; Seth Sweetser (ae. 56), 1662 (these seven are near steps from the east) ; James Smith, 1678 ; John Fownell, 1673 (a black, volcanic-looking stone) ; Mary Hudson, formerly his wife, 1676 ; Sarah Robinson,, 1694 ; Stephen Keeder, 1697, Euth Fuertun, 1692 ; Samuel Mould, 1697, and Edward, 1696 (two children) ; Amy Featfild (se. 76), 1691 ; Nicholas Johnson, 1710 (also two very old undated stones of Nicholas and of Isaac). To the southward most of the comparatively few stones are not old ; an old undated one is of George Fowle ; another, Rebekah Storer, 1710. S. W. are Mary Brovne (se. 22), 1678 ; two large slabs of very fine red sandstone are of Dr. John Chick- ering, 1676, and Mehetabel Browne, 1676 ; " I. H., 1669," is of green stone ; of Brigden, are Michael (se. 2), 1695, do. (ce. 45), 1709, and Timothy, 1700 ; of Ballatt, lohn, 1702, and Lt. Sam- uel, 1708 ; loanna Crisp (as. 79), 1698 ; of Fosdick, Anna, wife of John, 1679, and Mary, daughter of James, 1704-5 ; of Ket- tell, Sarah, 1692, Abigail, wife of Jonathan, 1690, Richard, 1690, Joseph, son of Dea. Jos., 1704-5 ; of Famman, John, 1691, Susanna, 1695 ; of Mousel, Elizabeth, 1685, John (Mousell), 1703. The 59 stones to over 70 members of the once, and for over two centuries, numerous families of Frothingham are ar- ranged northwestward, towards the original (1630) grant to William (p. 151), the earliest with dates being Anna (se. 67, wife of Wm., and an original settler, 1630), 1674, Sarah, 1683, Nathaniel, 1688, Peter (se. 53), 1688; and Mary his widow, 1703 ; without dates, yet evidently very old, there are several. This name is here far more fully represented than any other. 78 A CENTUKY OP TOWN LIFE. Of altar-shaped tombs, with sides of brick or of broken stone, and red sandstone (or other) tops of one large slab, there are 18. A few have lost the base and the slab is on the ground, and the inscriptions on some are illegible (marked below, il.'). Farthest east is the tomb of Col. Michael G-ill, 1720 (about a foot high, slab 6| x ^\ ft.) ; next, John Long, 1684 (1 ft. high, slab granite, 5| x 2| ft.) ; one il., 2 ft. high, pale slab, 6 ft. 5 in. X 3^ feet; another il., 1| ft. high, gray slab split, and corners broken, 5| x 2 ft. 11 in. Southerly is a row of five tombs, one il., slab on the ground ; then Abigail, wife of James Russell, 1709, 5|- x 2| ft. ; James Russell, 1709 ; gray slab, Mavd Russell, 1642 (the earliest date on the ground) ; and Richard Russell, 1676, renewed by the family in 1787 (all these four are about 1\ ft. high) ; and beyond, a gray slab, il., on the ground. Near the top of the knoll are Judge John Phillips, 1725, Katharine, 1698, and Henry, son of John, 1729 (?), in one tomb with a gray slab, 1\ X 3-|- ft. ; one, il., is on the ground. Near the foot of the slope, S. B., is William Stitson, date il. ; near the top of the knoll, S. E. one about 2 ft. high, gray slab, il., now No. 70. South of the Harvard obelisk, and near it, is the best finished of all these tombs, 2| ft. high, with sides, as well as top (6 J x 3 ft.), of red sandstone, the tomb of the "Min- isters of the first church " (as stated on a white marble slab at the end, placed there at the cost of the writer), where several who died during or before the Revolution were buried. S. W. is one of David Newell, with new briclc sides ; anotlier il. ; and N. W. a third, also illegible. At the foot of the slope, N. W., are nine brick tombs with pur- ple slate slabs, in the round heads of which are family ar7ns cut in a style far superior to any other elaborated carving in the Ground. From E. to W. they are of Hon. Jonat. Dows, 1725 ; Ezekiel Cheever, 1744 ; Hon. Charles Cliambers, 1743 [beside it a slab of fine red slate, no arms, to Rev. T. Prentiss, 1817] ; Jenner, 1725 ; Foster, Sarah, 1724, Hon. Richard, 1774, etc. ; Jonathan Lemmon, 1724 [here, a white marble slab, no arms, to Hon. James Russell, 1798, Katharine, 1778, and their chil- dren] ; Thomas Greaves, 1747; David Wood, 1762 [Wyer, Soley, Sam. Henley, three tombs without arms] ; and Samuel MONUMENTS. 79 Gary, 1740-1. There are 9 tombs with hewn granite fronts all (except two small, eastward) on the N. W. slope, and lettered Joseph Hunnewell, Thomas Hunnewell, Joseph Smith, Charles Perry (two, where Union soldiers are buried), James Hunne- well (with an obelisk of polished red Scotch granite), and Walker. The small number of other monuments (very few of which are enclosed) are modern. A great many stones bear dates through the last century ; these, like all inscriptions here, have been carefully copied by E. N. and A. Coburn. It should also be added that the Ground is now in tlie care of the mu- nicipal authorities of Boston. Bunker Hill Monument is of national interest, not only as a memorial of the great opening battle — and one of the most important actions — of the Revolution, but also as one of the earliest, and, for a long while, the largest, wox'ks of its kind in the country. Its history, although several times told, can well be condensed here from a dozen or more publications. Wm. Tudor is said to have first advocated purchase of the battle-ground and the erection on it of a grand monument. He and four other gentlemen acted together (1823), the Russell pasture (2| acres) was bought, costing $1,250, and (June 27) 24 gentlemen were incorporated as the B. H. M. Association, and 25 more were elected members. To solicit funds, a prospectus was, in July, distributed through the country, followed (Sep. 20, 1824) by an 8° " circular " from the Directors, and (Oct. 1) by an earnest printed appeal, sent to the Selectmen in Massa- chusetts. In 1825, an Act of the Legislature to aid (in ham- mering stone at the Prison, and in taking land) was passed (Feb. 26) ; more land was secured (in all, 15 acres, costing 123,232.43), and a subscription was headed in Boston by Hon. Wm. Phillips with |1,000, and David Sears and Peter C. Brooks $500 each. By Sep. 1 the amount raised was $54,- 433.67, and meanwhile, June 17th, the corner-stone was laid with a great deal of ceremony (that by the report, 1830, cost $4,720.85). Plans had been considered, and (Oct. 1) Solo- mon Willard, a " self-educated man," was unanimously elected architect, and his design of the existing obelisk was adopted. In Feb., 1829, fourteen courses (37J ft. high) stood above 80 A CEKTUET OF TOWN LIFK. ground, and hoisting works together with a large quantity of cut stone were on the spot ; but the funds were exhausted, and operations were suspended. Work was only resumed June 17, 1834, and continued until Nov., 1835, when a height of 85 feet was reached. Purtlier attempts were made to obtain money. A lottery, then a recognized and common mode, was petitioned for (Dec, 1829), but abandoned ; an appeal for direct aid from the State was unsuccessful ; an Address to its citizens (8°, pp. 8) was issued (1831), and a Report (8", pp. 15, 1832). Controversy ensued, then the financial crisis (1836-40), and the Associa- tion became embarrassed, so that a large amount of the land was sold at auction (Wed., Sep. 25, 1839).^ At length the ladies did what the men could not, or did not do ; they held a Fair (Sep. 8-15, 1840) in Quincy Hall, Boston, that netted the then unexampled and splendid sum of f 30,035.53. . Amos Lawrence of Boston, and Judah Truro of New Orleans, each added 110,000. Work was again resumed (Nov., 1840), and on Saturday, July 23, 1842, at 6 A.M., the top stone was raised. Jas. S. Savage was the contractor, and Solomon Willard saw the completion of his own design. June 17, 1843, there was a great celebration of the event, attended by many prominent men, including John Tyler, President of the United States. For years (1835-40) the unfinished obelisk had stood sur- rounded by a maze of granite blocks and a wild area of grass-ground, and later by rough banks and newly graded lots. Until 1843, a sloping road, with flat stone tracks for wheels, led from the S. E. coi'ner to the monument. Soon afterwards, all this was changed, and the present Square was substantially completed. In 1857, a white marble statue of Gen. Warren, by Henry Dexter, was placed in a wooden lodge northward, and in 1871 Monument Avenue was opened from Main Street, giving a better approach, and a much better view 1 As the Square then laid out was unsurpassed by any other in or close to, Boston, it is of interest to note the prices obtained for lots. Jacob Foss (of C. ) gave the highest price, 41 cts. per foot, at the corner of High and Concord Streets, while the lowest was 10 cts., paid by W. Appleton, for land between Monument and Concord Streets. MONUMENTS. 81 of the obelisk. Up to 1878 the total cost, including land, was $133,649.83. Towards this cost Charlestown contributed lib- erally. By the Report in 1830, we can count 518 subscribers there, giving f4,029. From Nathan Tufts came the only legacy ever received, $1,000. Proceeds from the town's table at the Pair (1840) were second in amount received at any, or $1,546.37. Subscribers to the "Warren statue gave $1,250 (out of $5,125 raised). These items make a total of $7,825.37. While a part of the money obtained at the Pair did not come from the town, other amounts have, so that it is within bounds to say that six per cent — nearly one sixteenth — of the cost of this national work was given by the townspeople. To be sure, about $14,000 was paid sundry of them for land, but at the sale (1839) others largely offset it by their purchases. President G. W. Warren's copious History (1877) and Re- ports of the Association supply many of the particulars already given. For those about the great obelisk, reference is made to President Prothingham's "Siege" (1849), where (p. 356) the height is given at 221 feet, the diameter 30 feet at the base and half as much at the top. Below the surface of the ground is a foundation 12 feet deep, composed of heavy stones (12 X 2J x 2 feet), and upward through the centre of the interior is a cylin- der 10 feet across at the bottom and 6| at the top. In the middle of it is a well, and around it a stairway with 294 steps leading to a room 11 feet across and 17 feet high, with an arched top, lighted by four small windows. Cut granite is used for all parts above ground, and for those below, the same material uncut. It may be added that the ground adjacent has been graded regularly, and shows little or none of the original surface, but nearly the original elevation. An area of about four acres making the Square, 400 feet on each side, is en- . closed by an iron fence, without and within which is a line of trees growing slowly yet now of considerable size. Prom the surrounding streets four granite stairs lead up a bank on all sides of the area, and paths extend thence to the monument. Criticised as the work may be, it is a grand one, eminent on its historic site, noble among the historical memorials built in modern times. 6 82 A CENTUEY 0¥ TOWK LITE. Two other monuments are closely connected with it. Inside is a white marble model of the first monument here, erected in 1794: by King Solomon's Lodge of Charlestown. It was a square wooden Tuscan pillar on a brick base, in all about 30 feet high, that was at last rather mysteriously damaged or destroyed in 1825. In front of the obelisk stands one of the very best and most appropriate statues, at least, in the State, a bronze figure (1881) of Col. Wm. Preseott, his long, loose " banyan coat " thrown open by the wind, his sword in hand, his broad-brimmed hat on his head, his attitude just what it was when he looked at the coming charge. The work is at once an honor to those who gave it, to William W. Story the sculptor, and to the hero of the redoubt in the battle of Bunker Hill. (See Frontispiece.) After the war for preserving the Union, the struggle to found which fully began on Bunker Hill, other events and heroes were to be commemorated, and Charlestown, like a great number of places, raised a Soldiers' Monument to those who had gone from it, and had fallen in the national defence. Some thought that a memorial of volunteers in this service should be paid for by voluntary contributions, but other opin- ions prevailed, and the cost was defrayed by taxation. A square base bearing three large figures, all designed by Martin Mil more and made of Hallowell granite, stands in the old Trainingfield, now very neatly and prettily laid out. The work was dedicated June 17, 1872. As a class, the numerous memorials of this kind are far greater evidences of affection- ate regard for the soldiers and sailors than of genius in art. Whatever may be thought of this particular work, it is very much superior to not a few well-meant and expensive objects to be seen in the country, and that make us glad that the de- fenders of the flag have a great deal more honor than is done them in some of the designs. NATIONAL AND STATE INSTITUTIONS. Appropriately, close by the first great battle-ground of Inde- pendence, the new national government established one of its NATIONAL AND STATE INSTITUTIONS. 83 most important stations for the defence of what was secured by the Revolution. A site had been proposed at Noddle's Island, but a committee on the part of the town represented (1800), that this would be " almost as injurious to it as a second conflagration." While still embarrassed by their " unequalled Sufferings " in the late war, the townspeople, as they then stated, were, after years of " industrious application " enabled "to sustain a decent rank with [their] fellow citizens at large," and they urged that a site they proposed should be chosen. On June 17, 1800, the Legislature authorized the United States to purchase land in Charlestown for the Navy Yard, and " between 40 and 50 acres," " valued by a Jury at $37,280," were bought, or at about half the price asked by the owners. This area was very well situated beside some of the deepest water and in one of the most secure parts of the har- bor, and also included the landing-place of the British troops on June 17, 1775. Both land and sea-front were by degrees well laid out, and what is thought to be one of the best pieces of property of its kind owned by the nation has been the result. The chief structure on it is a dry dock of hewn granite (341 X 80 feet, and 30 deep), planned by Loammi Baldwin, and built (1827-34) at a cost of $870,089. A ropewalk (1836), said to be the best in the country, also of granite (1360 ft. long), is of one story, except at the northerly end, where a second (748 ft.) was added (1856), and where there is a head-house (60 x 70 ft.) of three stories. One of the ear- liest buildings (1803) is of brick, near the entrance to the Yard, and of the same material is the large house of the Com- mandant (1809). Trees and grass-grounds well arranged make the place really beautiful in summer. Purchases of land and covering of flats have increased the area to 87| acres, while liberal expenditure of money, with rise in the value of real estate, make the establishment represent a very large sum. A much larger one would not now, however, se- cure another as well placed and fitted. There are shiphouses (3), high and substantial timber-sheds (4), granite store- houses (4), wet docks, the dry dock, and over twenty other well-built structures for various purposes. For the names of 84 A CENTUEY OF TOWN LIFE. the many distinguished commandants (about 25), and of the famous vessels built here (21 before 1860, and 40 since), be- sides a great number refitted, reference should be made to the account written by the late Admiral Geo. H. Preble (Mem. Hist. Boston, iii.), — an account so good that it makes us re- gret that a full history prepared by him has not been printed. In 1800 (Jan. 22) the Legislature appointed a committee to select and procure land in Charlestown for a State Prison. About five acres, including flats, were bought beside a bay in the northerly bank of Charles River, and during 1804-5, a building (200 x 28 to 44 ft.) of hewn stone, four and five sto- ries high, and another of brick (227 x 25 ft.) for workshops, were erected. There was also a workyard (375 x 260 ft.), and the establishment was surrounded by a high strong wall. On the whole work $170,000 were spent. At the time writers stated that the institution commanded a " rich and variegated prospect," and a belief was cherished that it would help to " promote the happiness of the town." Convicts were first re- ceived Dec. 12, 1805 (during that month 34), and afterwards in gradually increasing numbers, so that by Aug., 1816, there were 280, guarded by 15 officers. An insurrection was once attempted, when several prisoners scaled the walls, but all of them except one were retaken. Subsequently a man has now and then escaped, but outbreaks of any sort have been uncom- mon, and, indeed, the management has been such that it has not caused any large amount of controversial printing. Work of vai-ious sorts has been given to persons who were, or could be, fitted for it; firm, even discipline lias been maintained, and one in the neighborhood, not knowing of the Prison, would hardly be aware that it existed, it is so quiet and well ordered. Additions to the buildings were from time to time made as needed before 1850, when an octagonal central structure (73 x 68 ft. inside, and 70|- ft. high), and a new wing (90 x 48 x 41 ft.), all of granite, were erected. In 1874 the construction of a new prison at Concord was authorized, and this at Charles- town was not used for several years ; but after a costly experi- ment had been tried, it was reoccupied, and continues to prove well adapted to its appointed purposes. During the passing ■A- .: ^ f^ - • 69 i'O. NATIONAL AND STATE INSTITUTIONS. 85 years it has become environed by railroads and buildings, losing its original retirement, and even a certain picturesqueness, yet not its convenience and security. Even the costumes of those connected with it have been hardly less changed ; the officers are better dressed or uniformed, and a red and blue longitudi- nal half-and-half garb for those they watched has been discarded for less conspicuous attire. Of course while the population of the State has been increasing rapidly, so also has the number of inmates, now varying from 550 to 600. Reports that have been printed since 1841, a history, descriptions in four publica- tions with six large plates, and many pamphlets (see Bibliog- raphy), supply an unusual amount of information about the rise, growth, and management of this institution. Near the westerly bank of the bay from Charles River, and opposite the Burial-Ground and Prison, the McLean Asylum for the Insane was built on a knoll that was Charlestown ground until 1842, when it became a part of Somerville. It is a site of historic interest, known as Miller's, or Cobble, Hill in 1775, when (Nov.) it was fortified and made one of the strong- est points in the line of works built by the Provincial forces during the siege of Boston, commanding the ferry across the river and threatening the British redoubts in Charlestown. Here also, in 1777, were quartered some of the troops captured at Saratoga. After the war the land was bought by Joseph Barrell, a merchant of Boston, who erected (1792) a large house and laid out extensive grounds to which the name of Poplar Grove was given, and that were for years a show place. Iji the settlement of his affairs, the estate was bought for the important institution that bears the name of another merchant, the honored John McLean, and that was opened Oct. 6, 1818. Three large buildings, two of them with domes, the house of Mr. Barrell, and newer structures that have risen as wanted, all surrounded by gardens, grassgrounds, and trees, are still conspicuous monuments of the beneficence of the founder. Extensive usefulness, superior accommodations, and high repu- tation, have distinguished the Asylum. A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. OLD HOUSES. The oldest building in Charlestown that the writei* has vis- ited, and, indeed, has Icnown of as existing in his time, was the house, bought by Charles Hunnewell in 1710, and occupied by- four generations of his descendants.^ It was probably built about 1690, and was destroyed perhaps five and twenty years ago, certainly through no fault of the late James Hunnewell, who made all due effort for its preservation. Built of wood, two stories high, with narrow windows, a huge chimney in the middle, and low rooms having plastered ceilings crossed by stout, painted beams, it had a snugness and quaintness in- creased by really picturesque surroundings ; for it stood back from the road on a couple of little terraces flanked on one side by a garden with a row of very large lilac shrubs, and on the other by a few good-sized elms. In earlier times there was a pleasant outlook from the front towards Cambridge meeting- house, less than a mile distant, while behind the ground gently rose to a considerable height from which there was a wide prospect. At present it would be hard enough to find a house that has stood not merely through the American Revolution, but that dates almost from the English of 1688, and is as pretty a relic of early Pi-ovincial domestic life. Indeed, this old homestead would not have been out of keeping amid the rural beauty of old England itself. 1 The only printed historical account of the occupants (a brief one is in the "Journal of the Voyage of the Missionary Packet, Boston to Honolulu, 1826, hy James Hunnewell," 4°, 1880 (the writer's privately printed work, no. viii. ), in which also is a Memoir of the Author of the Journal, who was born in this house. Charles Hunnewell, mentioned above, as evidence still shows, was esteemed as a good neighbor, and was in what are called comfortable circumstances, in which, it appears, he was exceeded by but few of his fellow townsmen in his time. He and his descendants were quiet, law-abiding people, apt to mind their own business, go to meeting on Sunday, and not be over anxious for public office. In several docu- ments all are called " yeomen,'' as at first is William (fourth generation, and father of James), but who subsequently, in several cases, is styled "gentleman.'' The oldest of their books, that the writer has, is a Bible bought by William (grandson of Charles), who paid £6. 10s. for it. As his writing is not quite so bad as that of some of the ministers, and his spelling not worse than that of the schoolmaster, he probably had a fair average education, and he evidently liked a good book. OLD HOUSES. 87 Of houses burned in 1775 there are, as already stated, few- exact or full descriptions. From the best (pp. 118, 124, 138) we can think that there were some of good size and finish ; but as has also been stated (p. 11), while not a few probably were quaint, vague statements at that date are to be credited with reserve. Several erected at or near the rebuilding are mentioned in this chapter, or in the Survey (pp. 116, 119, 124, 132, 135, 139, 143, 144). One of the most prominent of these, from its posi- tion and the office of its occupant, was the Parsonage (Plan II.), of wood (52| X 4:0^^^"), and two stories high. Around it was a garden, and on the slight hill slope southward the Parish Chapel (p. 53). There was also a barn (32| x 19|), besides a shed (42 J long). All the ground was occupied (1835) by Harvard Row (p. 97), and the house was moved to Elm Street, where it stood until 1886. When the town was rebuilt, and later, for a period of per- haps forty years, the prevailing English style of building was used, so far as means and the limits of practically available materials allowed. It was what might be called the Georgian style in its simpler forms, in which classic mouldings and cor- nices, and even pillars, were to considerable extent copied with more or less accuracy. So little real architectural character was, however, possible, that a classification of the houses must be by forms or plans rather than by styles. Two forms were almost exclusively used. By far the more common one of them was an oblong of two or three stories with an end at the sidewalk of the street, a front entry at the middle of the side with a stair, and a room on each hand ; while attached at the inner end was a wing generally two sto- ries higli. Along the entrance front was an area of more or less width, lengthwise of which was a path usually paved, be- side which, sometimes, was a bed of flowers lined by borders of box plants. In the area also usually stood two elms, horse- chestnuts, or trees of some sort. The other form was a square of the same height, with four rooms on a floor, and with a similar wing, the front door being usually on the street; or there was one there and another at the side, and the building 88 A CBNTUET OF TOWN LIFE. was made for two families. Houses with both of these plans were made of brick as well as of wood. Of the oblong form in wood, the three finest houses in the lower part of the town were those of Mrs. Baker (pp. 129-30), I. Warren (p. 131), and J. Hurd (Plan III. 84). The latter house, built about 1795, and now (1887) occupied by his grand- children, is in excellent order. It is painted light brown, is clapboarded, has well moulded window-frames, and a cornice with modillions. It fronts towards a lawn, on which is one of the noblest horsechestnut trees ever in the town, and is entered beneath an Ionic porch, a fine example of the sort attached to some of the older houses. The refinement of the lines and work here, as well as in the window-casings, is in pleasant contrast with some irregular recent designs. Similar in nearly all respects were the first two houses mentioned, that were de- molished several years ago. Other notable oblong wooden houses were those of Dr. J. Bartlett (III. 81), Hon. Benj. Thompson (III. 76), Dr. A. R. Thompson (IV. 126), S. John- son (p. 148), and Maj. Walker, all on Main Street, and all now much altered. Another, that of Mr. Webb, since Mrs. E. F. Adams's, on Cordis Street, had the largest grounds (now reduced), and might be called the pleasantest. Of brick houses in oblong form there were few. That of M. Bridge (p. 129), later occupied by Edward Everett and others, had a wing at the back. Dr. Walker's (p. 137), with- out a wing, Geo. Bartlett's, Union Street, and E. Breed's were three stories high (the upper one of them low), and faced the street. All of them are now (1887) standing. With an end towards the street are those of Dea. A. Tufts (III. 79), and of Jas. Hunnewell (p. 93). Of square brick houses were those of R. Devens, near the Navy Yard ; one at the head of Salem Street, occupied by Mrs. Harrison in 1812; tlie Makepeace house, built on Main St., near the burial-ground, in 1797, three stories high, ornamented with terra cotta bands, caps, and cornice, and the most elaborate of the earlier brick houses ; and the house built on Charles River Avenue (I. 25) by Hon. Thos. Russell, and not finished at his death (1796). This latter had a front of 52 ft., facing the present Water Street, J w 10 < -1 z o X w OLD HOUSES. 89 and was about as deep. On each side towards the back was a wing, making the wall of the rear 70 ft. 10 in. long (shown by a plan with a deed). The brick walls were varied by trim- mings of dark stone ;-^ towards Water St. there was a porch ;^ towards the Square a yard with an open slat fence ; ^ and on the top was a " large cupola that cost as much as a house." '^ For many years, and until it was burned in the great fire, Aug. 28, 1835, it was a public house, known as Gordon's, Nichols's, or the Charlestown Hotel (until 1805*), Pierce's,^ or, in 1817, the Brick Hotel,^ and finally as the Middlesex House*' 5, kept by Jas. Walker. ^ Of the square wooden houses built for one family, the hand- somest that ever stood in the town was built by Hon. James Russell in 1780 ^ (1790 ?). It was at the corner of the Square and Warren Avenue (opened 1828), and was the family mansion not only until his death (1796), but until his daughter died (1819). During the next seventeen years it was occupied by Com. John Shaw, John Soley (G. M., Grand Lodge of Mass.), Andrew Dunlap (U. S. Dist. Attorney^), and Joseph Thomp- son. In 1835 it became a public house," known as the Mansion House, successively kept by Gorham Bigelow and Jas. Ram- say,^ all the while growing shabby, and still more deprived of its early glory by a row of very dirty houses, popularly called "Dublin Row," that stood on its former garden beside the Ave- nue, until all, along with the mansion, were demolished (1866) and replaced by the southerly part of the Waverley House. In the good old English way the Russells held the ground of their ancestral home until the death of the last resident who bore the name ; and although the situation was unfortunate, directly on the market-place of a growing town, the fine mansion was built there as soon as could be after the fire of 1775, and per- haps thus got a popular name, said to have been given it, of " Russell's Folly." It^ was three stories high, the upper one of them low, as 1 Says Mr. H. K. Frothingham. 2 H. H. Edes (Harv. Ch., 125). " Hon. G. W. Warren. * Eecords King Sol. Lodge. * D. Balfour. ^ The description of the exterior of the Jas. Russell house is from the writer's observation ; that of the interior and gardens before alterations, from an old friend who lived there, and was very prominent in the society of the town. 90 A CENTTJEY OP TOWN LIFE. usual, and the front was covered with smooth boarding, pierced by fourteen handsomely framed windows, and a door in the centre covered by a porch. At each corner there was a Co- rinthian pilaster reaching to the cornice, and on top was a cupola. All the mouldings, capitals, and details were of classic character. Before the house was a good-sized yard, bounded by walls at the sides, and a high open fence in front, and crossed at the middle by a paved walk. In the rear, extending to the river, was a garden with three paths running in that direction, while a paved driveway, entered from a narrow street westward, passed between it and the house. In the house there were four rooms on a floor and a hall through the middle. Details of these two Russell houses are here made rather full as some accounts in print liave mixed them and do not appear to be correct. Of the notable square wooden houses for one family were those of M. Bridge (p. 116), S. Swan (p. 132), Capt. Cordis (p. 143), John Hurd (p. 134), all now standing, and Richard Frothingham, that was at the corner of Main and Eden Streets. The last, very large, three stories high, well finished, having four entrances, and standing a little back from the sidewalks, was near the middle of the original grant of Wm. Frothingham (1630-38), and of what might be called the Frothingham dis- trict (p. 151), tliat extended nearly across the peninsula. Another square house of one of the family, Dea. Jas., still re- mains, at the corner of Washington and Union Streets ; it is two stories high, elevated on a terrace, and placed several feet back from the sidewalks. Originally it commanded a wide view of West Boston and Charles River. At the corner of Winthrop and Main streets (pp. 133-34) is a very early house. Several square wooden houses were built for two families, among which were those of D. Wood (p. 149), and another of early date belonging in the same family, subsequently made a tavern, and, to give room for the Harvard meeting-house, re- moved to the corner of Main and Miller streets. There was also one long occupied by Wm. Austin and Capt. Boyd on High and Wood streets, that was, some time ago, converted into a single house, a very good one, for many years the home OLD HOUSES. 91 of the late F. B. Austin. An unusually large one stands on Washington Street ; and there is another on High Street (52 X 36), originally connected by interior doors, later occupied (north side) by P. Willard, and then modernized. All these houses had three stories (the upper one of them low), and are standing (1887), although more or less altered. At the end of the last century, and in the earlier part of the present, mansion houses for single families were built on the slopes of Breed's Hill. There were eight that were notable, two of brick, and oblong, six of wood, and square, five of them being of two, and one of three stories. All but two of the latter are now (1887) standing. All had grounds of good, some of large, extent, one of the estates only now remaining of the original size, the others being more or less reduced, and three nearly covered by_ recent buildings. Besides these eight was the Commandant's house at the Navy Yard, built in 1809, two sto- ries high, of brick, square, with two bold swells towards a garden and the Yard and harbor. It has been continuously occupied by the first officer at this station, and has also been the scene of many large receptions. Nearly opposite to it is the square wooden mansion (50 x 50 ft.) built by Nathan Tufts, placed far back from the street at the top of terraces covered by grass shaded by a few trees, and commanding a fine view towards the water. The grounds, although reduced in area, are still large. After the death of Mrs. Tufts (1843), who survived her husband eight years, the house was used for a boarding-school, and was called " Eydal Mount." Subsequently it was occupied for over a,quarter of a century by the Rev. Thos. E. Lambert, D.D., rector of St. John's. Painted brown on the outside, it is now in fine order. Through the centre of the interior there is a large and handsome hall, at the inner end of which in the middle rises a staircase turn- ing at the top to the right and left, and on each side are rooms of good height and size. All these parts are handsomely fin- ished in the style already described (p. 87), and that was used, more or less elaborated, in all the eight mansions. The plate shows, from right to left, the Tufts, Commandant's, Devens (p. 88), Breed (dark), and Kettell (white, p. 92) houses, and Bunker Hill behind tiie last. yii A CENTUKY OF TOWN LIFE. At a little distance, but fronting more towards the south, was a very long and comparatively narrow estate whore Mt. Vernon Street and the houses on it now are, owned by E. Breed and divided and built upon in 1846. His house, of brick, ob- long (71 ft. long), three stories high, with an end on the present street, is the only original feature remaining ; but this has been enlarged and altered. For many years it was occupied by Com. John Downes ; for several since it has been owned and occupied by Chas. Smith. Originally there was a large lawn in front of the house, while beside it was a greenhouse, and in the rear a garden and orchard. Beside Mr. Breed's estate was that of N. Adams, not as deep, but wider, and of about as great size, having the largest lawn for a long while, or perhaps ever, on the peninsula, facing which, and the south, is the house (52^- x 51 ft), wooden, square, three stories high, changed from the Russell Academy, for which it was built. For over sixty years this has been the homestead of one of the best known families in the town, and has borne the name of an esteemed citizen who long occupied it, Geo. A. Kettell. A former orchard and garden at the rear are now covered by recent brick houses. Internally, the plan is similar to that of the Tufts mansion. Thence westward for some distance there was no large place until that of Capt. Benj. Swift was reached, nearly opposite the head of Cordis Street. He bought the land (1809) of J. Noble, who had it (1803) of Dea. J. Larkin. It was a large lot bounded by High, Laurel, and Cross streets, now closely cov- ered by brick houses. Here he built a square two-storied wooden mansion with a steep roof, and a gable in front, unlike any of the other older square houses ; as also unlike was a low piazza towards High Street, above which the edifice was con- spicuously placed on the top of terraces ending in a wall that rose a few feet from the sidewalk. In its latter years, at least, the house was divided and arranged for two families, Mrs. H. Forster and D. Snow being for some time occupants. On the other side of High Street, and extending down Green's lane (now street) to Main Street, was an acre of land that for years belonged to J. Hay (p. 145), and that, like the other land OLD HOUSES. 93 along the slope of the hill, as well as on its top, was pasture, nauch of it until fifteen to thirty-five years after the Revolution. In 1791 Sam. Dexter bought the tract just described, and soon built a square wooden mansion (50 x 45 ft.), two stories high, with a low roof, and a cupola in the middle. Around this were laid out grounds that in combination of extent and elaboration have never been surpassed on the peninsula. There was a car- riage-house at the corner of High Street, along which, farther on, was a high brick wall forming the back of a greenhouse. In front of the mansion was a broad walk paved with chequered marble tiles ; around the garden were paths covered with dark Medford gravel and bordered with box, as well as fruit trees ; while beside Green Street was a noble row of horsechestnuts. In plan and interior finish the house resembled that of the Tuftses and of the Kettells, but there was no side entrance, wing, or front porch, with which both of those houses were provided. Mr. Dexter did not live here a great while, but sold (1800) to G-. Alexander, and he (1814) to M. Bridge, who died in a few months, but whose widow occupied the place until it was bought (Dec. 27, 1831) by H. Davidson. He, his daughter Mrs. Lock- wood, and his grandson, successively held the house, the latter leaving it in 1883, and the A. Lincoln Post of the Grand Army buying it (1887). The amount of land has, however, been much reduced, Mr. Davidson seUing lots for Dexter Row (1836, p. 145) for the Winthrop meeting-house (1847, p. 58), and to T. T. Sawyer and E. Lawrence on High Street (1850). At no time was the house itself in finer order than when it was left by the Lockwoods, and at no time was it a pleasanter place than during their occupation. By the writer many an agreeable hour is associated with the old garden and with the rooms of the mansion. By the Post the roof has been raised, and a wing has been added (1887), but the exterior otherwise, and the lower story have been only moderately altered. On the other side of Green Street is the place where the writer was born, where he has always lived, and where this book is written, bought by his father, the late James Hunnewell, May 17, 1831, soon after coming home for the last time from the Hawaiian Islands. Through most of two centuries the land 94 A CENTTJBY OP TOWN LIFE. here has been held by those who had business on the high seas. On June 17, 1775, a barn that seems to have stood near the lower end of the land escaped the great fire and was used as a shelter for American marksmen during the final attack by the British, when the former were dislodged and it was burned (p. 11). For over forty years the land then remained vacant, at first owned by D. Wood, who sold (1801) to 0. Holden. In 1817 it was bought by Joseph Thompson, for whom the house here was built, but by whom it was owned only a short time. Amos Binney, Naval Agent, one of the wealthiest men of Bos- ton in his day, held the estate awhile, and sold it, as stated, in 1831.1 While he owned it, it is said to have been occupied by Com. Perry, U. 6. N., afterwards the widely-known commander of the Japan Expedition (1852-54). From the first the place was laid out as elaborately as any in the town. On three sides were rows of horsechestnut trees that for several months in the year formed a dense hedge, hiding from many of the windows of the house all other buildings, except the steeple of the Har- vard Church. Along Green Street the branches of the row there met those of a similar row on the Davidson estate, and made, for a hundred feet, a sort of large arbor above the road- way, to which few rays of the sun penetrated through the dense foliage. At other seasons there was for many years, from the middle of the house, a view down Main Street as far as Dr. Thompson's (p. 147), and from one window a much wider pros- 1 KoTE. — An instance may be given here of stability in a neighborhood, perhaps not now surpassed within an equal distance from State Street. At the corner of Wood and High streets since about 1817 have been the Aus- tin's (Wm., F. B., and his family) ; next on Wood St., for nearly 60 years, was J. Wilson; opposite, on Wood and Green, since 1831, J. and J. F. Hunnewell; on Green and High, H. Davidson, his daughter, and grandson, 1831-83; on High, T. T. Sawyer, 1854-86, and E. Lawrence or his son since 1854; on Cordis (adjoining), Mrs. E. F. Adams, 1858-86, on an es- tate in a previous period owned by her father. Adjoining some of these estates are four meeting-houses, Universalist since 1810, Harvard since 1818, Winthrop since 1848, and Trinity since 1867. It may be added that on the repeated repairs and alterations made in the writer's home the same men have been engaged, in not a few instances, through periods of thirty to forty years, and that for fifty-seven years the house has not been closed. OLD HOUSES. 95 pect, for there, the writer remembers that he, when a boy, used, with a spy-glass, to watch the carriages on Winter Hill. From the top of the house could be seen all Boston and a large piece of the harbor, as well as the country to the hills of Waltham and Brighton and Blue Hill in Milton. All this view, except of northern and central Boston, is still obtained. Other recol- lections of boyhood, clear to the writer, are those of trains of many sleds, or " pungs " drawn by two or four horses that he used to see bound down Main Street on winter mornings, to find in Boston a market for country produce that they had brought from the distant interior, even, they said, as far off as Canada. Frozen deer, looking a good deal like life, were perhaps the chief wonders that were displayed. At this time, and later, the Square, it may be added, was really a market-place, often half filled with loads of hay, firewood, and other rural products of- fered for sale. The old four-horse stage-coach for Lowell used also to go daily up (and down) the Main Street, and many a time the writer waited for it in that old shop at Craft's Corner, a quainter place than anything now, and as often he had a pleasant ride into the country. In writing of one's own house there is not a feeling of taking liberties that there is when dealing with the private affairs of others, so that in this case there may be a little more freedom used. Our house was one of the oblong kind (originally 74 x 25 ft.), and was built of brick except a wing that was of wood, and was painted white. Several steps led up to the front door facing the garden, and over the door was a low-arched trellis covered with honeysuckles and roses. In the beds close by, lined with box, were as many old-fashioned flowers as had room to grow, tulips, peonies, iris, Persian lilacs, London pride, lai-k- spurs, pinks, and more ; and there were bits of hawthorn hedge, plenty of plums and grapes, and, in the sun by the steps, a fig- tree that would bear something after much coaxing. One of the writer's old favorites was a red-berried mountain ash, a nice tree once in fashion, and there was a huge snowball, that made almost another tree of itself, and that was perhaps the last relic of the old parsonage garden (destroyed 1835) from which it was transplanted. 96 A CENTUKY OP TOWN LIFE. While the original brick walls remain, the house (entirely now of brick, 74x 54 ft.) has probably been changed more than any other in town that has not been altered for business, or that has been constantly the residence of one family. It has been, indeed, although of course on a small scale, more like many of the old English family homes, plain but substantial, and without architectural character outside, but quaint or pic- turesque and very comfortable inside ; changed this way or that, as use or convenience suggested, until it is evidently a growth and not the result of a single contract. Bric-a-brac and curi- osities from many a country, besides books, and, still more, the charm of old associations, make the rooms pleasant, and the group they form thoroughly home. The most notable part is perhaps the private business-room of the writer, — large, oblong, rather old-worldish in aspect, with its red-beamed ceiling and two shafted windows filled with stained glass. Like a good deal of the house the growth of wants and circumstances, it is peculiarly his home-spot made by himself, for he was his own architect, and then librarian to form, book by book, a collection that gives the apartment com- pleteness. Many associations with those who have been in the house linger around, and the books have many besides with their authors and scores of former notable owners and dis- persed libraries. Outside, the garden, though changed, is still pleasant ; eight or ten of the trees, now grown very tall, are standing, while it seems as if all the old human Charlestown were slowly passing away. Still we and the good old home keep together, but the future tells us none of its secrets. Farther northward, between School Street and Salem Street, James Harrison bought (1799-1802) a large lot (114 ft. on Main St., 126 ft. on High St.) and built there a square wooden mansion, two stories high, resembling the Dexter house, but plainer, without a cupola, and surrounded by far less elaborate grounds. In front there was a lawn reaching to a slat fence along Main Street, and there were a few trees for shade. At the rear was a small orchard with a high, rough board fence, on High Street. Mr. Harrison died in 1812. Somewhat later o ci r %^ -^ m 1 's; r I-' OLD HOUSES. 97 the house was occupied by Loammi Baldwin, engineer of sundry canals, and of the admirable granite dry-dock in tlie Navy Yard. In 1870 the land was divided into house-lots, most of which were built upon, but the front is still (1887) dismantled and open. At the head of Salem Street stands the wooden mansion (42 X 40 ft.), two stories high, that was the residence of 0. Holden (married in C, 1791), an active and prominent man between 1790 and 1840, preacher, composer of music, and extensive op- erator in real estate ; indeed, one of the most prominent men in the town immediately after the rebuilding. Afterwards the Huntingtons and Twomblys lived here. Originally the grounds connected with the house reached from close upon High Street to Bunker Hill Street, but they are now much restricted, having been built upon from time to time. The house, however, for some years occupied by Thos. Doane, remains in as good order as ever. There was a wide view from it when few buildings stood in the neighborhood, as is shown by a print made as late as 1827. Although there were few or no large trees, there was a garden with fruit and flowers. After acquaintance, sometimes intimate, with most of the houses mentioned, and with their occupants, the writer has lived to see great changes. Already other houses once promi- nent are nearly forgotten, and one by one these still spared must pass away ; hence, it may be hoped that his descriptions of them may help to show what they were. Here might be added some account of houses showing the fashions or requirements of a closely succeeding generation. The most notable undertakings in buildings of the sort then were of Harvard Row, of Dexter Row (p. 145), and on Monu- ment Square. When the old Parsonage lands (Plan H.) were sold, the Parish Land Co. was formed, and on the tract was built (1835-36) a block of nine brick houses, three stories high, with granite basements, brown-stone doorway-frames, and pitched roofs slated. They were not detached, like the older houses built when land was in less demand, but they formed a block, the largest of the kind that had yet been raised in the town. The owners were James Hunnewell (treasurer of the Co. and promoter), Nos. 7* and 9 (he paying $605 for first 7 98 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. choice of the latter, which is nearest the First Church) ; Josiah Barker (8); Shadrach Varney * (6) ; Wm. Henry * (5) ; Eben' Barker (4) ; Josiah Reed (3) ; Gilman Stanley (2) ; and Lem- uel Stetson (1, nearest the Town Hall). J. Doane, Jr., B. Da- vidson, and 0. Vinal before the finish replaced three.* The lots on Monument Square, although sold in 1839, were generally long unoccupied, a few on the westerly side being even now va- cant. On the east side, in order from High Street, brick houses of three stories, and of an excellent class, were built by Geo. B. Neal (1850), still occupied by him; A. Brown (1853, occu- pied by Col. T. Upham, A. HoUingsworth, F. Jaques, and T. G. Frothingham now there); Wm. Cai-lton (1861-62); Jas. Lee (1856) ; P. Hubbell (1846-47) ; Geo. W. Warren (do.) ; L. A. Huntington (1847-48); R. Frothingham (1856-57); all these built one house each ; and J. S. Small (1857-58) four houses. The dates are from Hubbell vs. Warren. On the north side, the first house (second from Lexington St.) was built by Dr. Wm. Gunton of Washington, D. C, for his daugh- ter, Mrs. Budington. The last two lots were not built upon until 1886. On High Street, in front of the Monument, is the most expensive, as well as the most elaborately furnished, brick house ever on the peninsula, — that of Capt. J. B. Thomas. LIBRARIES. After 1715 there was a shop in town, and the only one, for the sale of books and writing materials, kept by E. Phillips (Plan I., 8), who was also a book-binder. His son Eleazer, established at Charleston in 1730, was the fii'st printer in the Carolinas. It has been already stated (p. 14) that among the great number of claims for losses (448) made by individuals in 1775, there is no evidence of anything like a library, although forty persons lost books in the burning of the town. In later years, however, a statement has been repeatedly made that the Mather library was then destroyed,^ but the writer has been 1 "Dr. Mather lost his library" (Frothingham, 1849, "Siege," 203); "thefur- nitare, plate, and library of Dr. Mather were consumed in the fire " (Wheildon LIBRARIES. 99 unable to find any definite contemporary authority for it, and cannot think that this very important collection was thus lost ; indeed, there seem to be reasons for a belief that it could not have been burned in Charlestown. After the Eevolution the local business in stationery was done by Allen and Gushing, who were the first printers in the town (1785-87). In 1819, in connection with his sale of these articles, and of school-books, appeared a Catalogue of T. M. Baker's Circulating Library, at 24 Main Street. There must have been 2,500 volumes, consisting of History, Biog- raphy, Voyages, Travels, and Novels, Tales and Romances, as they were classified. In 1821, a large addition had been made, including a liberal sprinkling of sensational titles. At Washington Hall (Plan I., 86 ; Bib. of C, 46) there was for some years after Nov., 1813, a reading-room.' Two reading (1875), Battle of B. H., 44) ; "a considerable portion, if not the whole, of Increase Mather's library is said to have been burned in the destruction of Charlestown in 1775" (Mem. Hist. Boston, I. xviii). Samuel, son of Rev. Dr. Samuel Mather, wrote (Drake's Int. to his ed. of 1. Mather's "Philip's War," xxiii) that his "Fa- ther's Library was by far the most valuable Part of the famUy Property. It con- sisted of 7,000 or 8,000 Volumes of the most curious and chosen Authors, and a prodigious Number of valuable Manuscripts, which had been collected by my An- cestors for five Generations. These he considered worth at least eight thousand pounds sterling." It seems to have been by far the most precious private library in the region, or in New England, and its fate is a subject of great interest. A question at once occurs, — why was such a bulky and valuable library, so great a part of the family property, removed to Charlestown ? It must have been carted to the ferry, carried over the river in a boat, and again carted, and to a spot under the British guns. The writer has been unable to find any contemporary au- thority that it was thus moved. Again, if then burned, and after call had been made for claims for losses, and 443 were made, including apparently evei-y sauce- pan and soap-barrel in the town, why does no claim, or trace of one, appear for this, that would have been the most precious thing in the place ? If such a claim has been lost from the file, there is still the Committee's list without it. The only contemporary statement that the writer has found on the subject is in a, letter by John Adams (dated Philadelphia, July 7, 1775) to his wife. He ac- knowledges her letters of June 22 and 25, and after alluding to the burning of Charlestown, and then to the distresses of the people of Boston, he adds: "The loss of Mr. Mather's library, which was a collection of books and manuscripts made by himself, his father, his grandfather, and great grandfather, and was really veiy curious and valuable, is irreparable." (Letters of, to his wife, 2 vols., Boston, 1841. ) His reference may be rather to Boston than to Charlestown, and he does not dis- 100 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. societies also existed. Dec. 21, 1820, the " Second Social Library" in the town was founded, and the next year its name was changed to the Oharlestown Union Library. For 21 years it was the Athenseum, so to speak, of the place, its first proprietors being the members of the Ancient (1743), Phoenix (1795), and Washington (1800) Fire Societies, who gave their funds ($975), and of the Library Society, contrib- uting over 200 volumes. Shares (|10) were also sold, on which there was an annual assessment ($2). Several hundred books were added during the first year, and in 1828 there were 2,500, " many scarce and valuable, which if lost, it would be difficult to replace ; and some there are which could not be replaced " (see Cat., Bib., 1821). In the earlier years an "upper room in the southeasterly corner of the Town Hall " was used ; subsequently the northerly one on the second floor of the tinotly state that the library was in the latter place. Mrs. Adams, in her letter of the 25th referred to (Familiar Letters, N. Y., 1876, p. 72), after writing of the wishes and efforts of individuals to get out of Boston (some of whom she names), adds: "'T is certain they watch them so narrowly that they cannot escape. Mr. Mather got out a day or two before Charlestown was destroyed, and had lodged his papers and what else he got out at Mr. Carey's, but they were all consumed; so were many other people's, who thought they might trust their little there till teams could be procured to remove them." Bright men as were the Mathers, it would seem to have been difficult for any one even of them, as a fugitive from beleaguered Boston, to have carried a large library across Charles River ; and if the boots were previously sent to Mr. Gary's, they went to a house near the water-side. Richard Gary claimed £1,,560. on real (10, p. 157), but only £75. on personal property (see further, pp. 5, 123), and the unusually large sum of £9. 12 for cartage, showing that a great part of the latter, as was generally the case in that neighborhood, was removed; while John (287, p. 168) claimed only £78. personal, and the name of Mather does not appear in the list. Furthermore, as is well known, a large number of books from the Mather library have long been owned by the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, and other specimens are in private collections. The writer may add that he has a few. In June, 1775, there was a great deal of excitement around Boston, and as is apt to be the case at such a time, strange reports were current, some of which Mr. and Mrs. Adams heard. For instance, she wrote to him (18th), "The battle began upon our intrenchments upon Bunker's Hill Saturday morning, about three o'clock, aud has not ceased yet; and it is now three o'clock Sabbath afternoon." (Life of J. A., 1856, I. 177.) After examining many details, the writer may here also add his belief that there are exaggerated estimates of certain losses by the burning of the town. It caused very great suffering, hut, he thinks, less loss to art and liter- ature than some have supposed. LIBEAEIES. 101 Swan-Hurd brick building (Plan I., 60), the latter a cosey apartment. By lot and sale the collection was dispersed March 21, 1842.^ There does not appear to have been in this library, even under the favorable conditions of its formation, any full collection of rare works about the town. While the " Union " was, on a small scale, the Boston Athenaeum of the town, the Mishawum Literary Association was its Mercantile Library. Founded Sep., 1851, it was after- wards, for years, the owner of a considerable Library of a popular nature, that was also, in time, dispersed. The earliest practical attempt to establish a Public Library originated in a petition of citizens, Jan. 20, 1853, and in offers made (Jan. 22) by Hon. G. W. Warren (1500), and (Jan. 24) by James Hunnewell ($1,500). Conditions in the offer of the former seem to have prevented its acceptance. To the offer of Mr. Hunnewell no such objection appeared, but no answer to his letter conveying it was ever received by him, and the money was given to other objects. After a while the project was revived; a City Ordinance to establish the library was passed, June 4, 5, 1860 ; and a meeting for consultation fol- lowed, on July 14, together with a general subscription among the citizens. There had hitherto been no room as well fitted as desired for the library ; but, says the first report, " the re- cent erection of the Banlcing House of the Warren Savings Institution suggested a suitable place " for it. Of this Bank, four leading subscribers to the library fund were officers. A board of Trustees was chosen, afterwards elected annually ; T. T. Sawyer was chairman (and until annexation, 1873), four members were from the City Council, and five represented citizens at large. The first committee on the Catalogue (in- cluding acquisition of books) consisted of Richard Frothing- ham (a trustee 13 years), Jas. F. Hunnewell (8|- years), and Francis W. Hurd (1 year). The librarian was Geo. S. Poole, brother of W. F. Poole, LL.D., highly distinguished in like office. In 1862, the library was opened (Jan. 7), the printed J A considerable number of the books were sent to the Hawaiian Islands by James Hunnewell, a shareholder, and the largest buyer at the sale (which he did not approve), and a fair number remain beside the writer. 102 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. catalogue was ready (Oct. 30), the number of volumes was over 7,000, of deliveries 58,612, and of takers 3,519 (all to Nov. 15). Five years later there were 9,897 volumes; 1,094 were rebound in 1867, 93 withdrawn, and 14 lost. Of borrow- ers there was a list of 8,352, and from the beginning the de- liveries amounted to 404,610. After annexation to Boston (1878) the library remained intact with its funds, in town where it belonged, and for this result Charlestown is much indebted to Dr. C. S. Cart^e (librarian 1870-85), and Hon. T. T. Sawyer. Soon afterwards it was established on the sec- ond floor of the City Hall. The number of volumes Dec. 31, 1886, was 26,428, and of deliveries (1886) 65,977, while the funds had increased to 111,500, and the institution is flourish- ing. There is one department, that ought to have precedence in every town library, for which the writer urged contributions. It is that of all publications relating to the place, to the natives and residents, or issued by them. No one can tell what local or personal information can or will be sometime wanted or needed, and in the town library this should be found. It is disheartening to see all the last novels in such a library, and no care for a copy of a memorial of one of the best old citi- zens ; to find the popular comic author from far away repre- sented, and not the books of a man who on the spot did good service long ago. Calls made on the public early in the sixties would, if in any general way responded to, have secured far more than they did. A little later the junk-dealer was very suc- cessful. A single pamphlet from each of two hundred persons (when 3,500 freely took out books), would have made a collec- tion that could be secured now only by great labor, if done by one person, as it now must be to become nearly the success then cheaply possible. Yet Charlestown, thanks to some good people, has come to have this department fairly supplied. No one need, however, to feel that there is not still room for more, no matter how old or obscure seems the book or the pamphlet. The Sunday Schools have libraries such as the differing ideas of the owners suggest. In the High School there is a fair and useful collection, and books are also gathered by various Soci- eties and Lodges. LIBEAKIES. 103 Of private collections it may be said that a large number of families or persons have their book-cases, for these are com- mon in New England. Of such collections long in a family, there are few in the town. The oldest of them known to the writer belongs to Miss Helen Hurd, who made it of service to him when he was writing his bibliography. Old pamphlets are preserved in it as they only are in a house occupied by one family for a century. One can but feel a certain due restraint in mentioning the private effects of others ; still it may be allowable to say that the professional gentlemen have had their collections for their own special uses. The Hon. Eichard Frothingham, in his pur- suits as editor, public man, and author, gathered a large num- ber of volumes and pamphlets, that are preserved by his family. While, for rarities, he often relied on those owned by the So- cieties of which he was a member, he was by no means without them ; yet he would probably have defined his as a working library. Another of our well known literary citizens, Mr. John Boyle O'Eeilly, is also credited with having things good and interesting. As collectors (not putting them out of the pale as readers), Mr. A. E. Cutter has books in fine bindings, largely English literature ; and also in the sunshine of Monument Square, Mr. E. N. Coburn has a large collection of Americana. Mr. H. H. Edes has, in the same lines, had some of the good fortune that follows enterprise and enthusiasm. Of the writer's library, a small foundation was laid over a hundred years ago, when some of his ancestors saved a few books. To these his father, starting about seventy years ago, made additions, including a number of volumes now scarce. Beginning in boyhood to save his gifts and purchases, the writer himself has slowly increased his collection with refer- ence to active or proposed uses, the nature of which is to some extent indicated by books that he has written. Naturally for such uses he would have not a few things that he has learned are hard to find elsewhere, and an interest in subjects and books combined has led him to obtain souvenirs of remarkable dispersed libraries, or former owners. In connection with libraries, literary societies of the town 104 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. may be mentioned. Early in this century there were two Beading Societies, one at least of which became merged in the Union Library already described. Of what are called Reading Rooms, there was one connected with the Washing- ton Hall Association (1813) ; another, called the Bunker Sill Library Association, was incorporated in 1854, and this and a News Room in the Square were continued for years. All of them, it is said, were centres of local gossip. In 1829, a De- bating Society was formed by about 30 young men; a Me- chanics Library Association, March 6, 1841, but of short duration ; and in 1853, the Mishawum Literary Association, already mentioned. During the second quarter of this cen- tury, there were throughout the State organizations that might be classed with the literary, and of which the town had its representative, a good one, long a favorite, — the Charlestown Lyceum, opened Jan. 6, 1830. Each winter, attended by a great deal of Charlestown, there was a course of lectures, many of which were by prominent writers and speakers, the Hon. Edward Everett giving an admirable start with his Ad- dress at the 200tli Anniversary of the Arrival of Gov. Win- throp, delivered June 28, 1830. This was one of the few " centennials " in the town, not connected with Bunker Hill, that have been specially commemorated. SOCIAL HISTORY. The social history, important a part as it is of the history of a town, is seldom accurately written ; indeed, a great deal that is distinctive in its character, or even a simple detail of facts, is unrecorded. There is little or nothing, for instance, written or printed about the earlier parties where the local society was gathered, to tell how they looked, who was there, or what was done. Biographies and memoirs now and then tell something, but they are as apt not to be of use in this respect as they are in not giving accounts of what really shaped the lives of which they treat. It is a question, moreover, if private affairs, like characters in private life, are to be treated like matters of public SOCIAL HISTORY. 105 history ; still the annals of a place are incomplete without some account of its society, and a few remarks may be permitted. General statements are perhaps all that can now be made about society in the town during the earlier part of the present century. At that time there appear to have been few families established for a long while in any one house (examples, p. 37), and styles of living, like the means, were simple (p. 37). Be- sides this lack of permanence, there was also that of numbers sufficient for any large social development; and furthermore great diversity of opinions and feelings existed, as is stated by President Dwight (Travels, 1821, 1. 467), and in records (p. 26), Even external matters that helped to make later homes pleas- ant were wanting, as a longer time was required for trees and gardens to grow into fine condition. A glimpse of earlier social life is given in a memoir of Judge Dana (p. 275), who lived in town from 1808 to 1813 (in the Kettell house, p. 92). "He kept a fine pair of horses, which, in the fashion of tlie day, he drove tandem in a gig. . . . Some- times a town-meeting, when political affairs were under discus- sion, would become so unmanageable that the moderator would resign, and Mr. Dana be sent for ; " and when Mrs. Dana gave a party " she baked about three times as much cake as was re- quired for her guests, because the married ladies were accus- tomed to bring to parties good-sized bags, and, on leaving, to revisit the supper-table and take home the bags well filled for the children." Some forty years later the writer has seen a survival of this practice at " Temperance Levees," or suppers for charitable objects, given in the old Town Hall. Drinking hab- its, in varying degree, continued some time into the present century, so that it was hardly civil to receive a call, even from the minister, without an offer of a glass of something, — to the minister it would be wine. As late as 1818, a church council of 84 persons had at their dinner 9 decanters of brandy, etc., 40 bottles of wine, and 144 cigars, besides pipes (Hist. Harvard Ch., 169). The style of furnishing houses has already been mentioned (pp. 37, 38). Fashions in dress (except official), as indeed they always have, followed, at some distance of time as well as of place, 106 A CENTURY OP TOWN LIFE. those of town-life in Europe. A few of the earlier prominent men must have had an imposing look. Portraits show us Na- thaniel Gorham and Samuel Dexter in ruffled bosoms, and text (Mem., p. 275) informs us that Thomas Russell, nearly six feet high, appeared on Change in hair powdered and tied, a cocked hat, and a " sable-lined silk great-coat from Russia," while he carried "a gold-headed India cane." The minister wore powdered hair and small clothes, and in the pulpit, bands, and a very full black gown (as did his successors, the latter until 1871). Numerous officers of the Navy, connected with the Yard, wore more brilliant costumes than have been adopted since 1861 ; and the local militia, and, at a later period, the firemen, used brighter colors, and more of them, than they have of late. At the same time there was a great aversion to dis- tinctive dresses in most of the civil service, or occupations, and only in recent years have these become established, adding much to the usefulness and good looks of the police, postmen, and railroad staff. Towards the middle of the century, and awhile after it, a good old practice was continued, or was revived. Children whose parents lived in the town, settled there also, and the re- sult was a fair amount of society attached to tlie place, and giving it character and attractiveness. How to keep near the old homes, and not how to get away from them, was then the question. Hence there were houses of parents and of children, and of many who were related or connected. Religious soci- eties to a considerable extent made social groups, and, although these differed, all were pleasant. As time passed there was less of this division, and more mingling. The town also at- tracted not a few whose value was felt in society as in other relations. There could, from these various causes, hardly have been a pleasanter period than for perhaps fifty years after 1830. A certain amount of fashion, along with a good deal that was quite as substantial and cared not much for it, has existed. Many handsome parties have been given, where, notably, or dis- tinctively, dancing and cards were the favorite entertainments. Since society leaves slight record of itself, we should not fail to remember the ladies who certainly did quite as much to make SOCIAL HISTOEY. 107 life pleasant, as did some of the men in politics who thus had their names put in type. Those who are familiar with the old town will recall, it may be allowable to say here, besides others, Mrs. Baker, Mrs. Budington, Mrs. Henry Forster, Mrs. Glidden, Mrs. Hubbell, Mrs. John Hurd, Mrs. Geo. A. Kettell, Mrs. James Lee, Mrs. Henry Lyon, Mrs. Susan Pierce, and Mrs. Geo. W. Warren. In the Reports of Benevolent Societies, to which the Bibliography directs, and on the Records of the Churches, is a far longer list of names than can be given here of ladies who have also been distinguished in good works. Among prominent visitors entertained in the town have been General Washington by Major Ben. Frothingham (p. 151), Prince Talleyrand by the Rev. Dr. Morse and some of his pa- rishioners, General Lafayette by Colonel Jaques in 1825, and General U. S. Grant by the Hon. Geo. W. Warren. H. Da- vidson gave a handsome reception to General Jackson (who is said to have been unable to attend). James Hunnewell enter- tained (for some days) Haalilio when on his mission that se- cured the independence of his country ; and later the Princes Lot and Alexander, afterwards Kamehameha IV. and V. Queen Kapiolani, and the Princess Liliuokalani (1887), and (1871) the first Japanese minister to the U. S. (at one of his earliest dinners in N. E.) have been guests of the writer. Two very prominent societies, the Massachusetts Historical and the Amer- ican Antiquarian, have lunched with the Hon. Richard Froth- ingham (whose son, Thos. G., is one of the few in town who maintain his father's style of hospitality). Twice the latter society has lunched with the writer. Some of the notable balls of former days have been already mentioned (p. 118). Wliat might be called the society of the older period may be said to have culminated in the " sociables " and " Shakespeares " during the winter of 1881-82, when nearly thirty parties, all pleasant, were given, making a season perhaps unique in the town. Since that time there have been great changes. Associations having more or less of a social nature have ex- isted during a century past, but during the last twenty or thirty years their number and memberships have very much increased, so that a list of them with their officers fills no small space in 108 A CENTURY OF TOWN LIFE. the local papers where it is from time to time given. In each of the churches there is also an organization, or more than one, that is intended to bring the people together, and hence is social in character. Unavoidable change must of course attend the growth of a population from comparatively small numbers of similar de- scent, most of whom knew each other, and where some families were large, to several-fold greater numbers, coming from many sources and having less in common. As the old semi-rural Main Street can never again exist, so also there cannot be, in the nature of things, the old and often intimately connected society. The moving out and the moving in that has continu- ally been going on, has carried away many who were valued, and has brought more not yet as familiar. Scattered widely are those who in some way have been connected with the old town, numerous enough to surprise one, — some, as the world goes, to find themselves better off, some who can count their days on its ground their best. In the pendulous swing of Amer- ican movement, change after change has gone on, yet still there were those who lived in, and stood by, the old place, and faith in the country and people, along witli what the past teaches, makes us feel that the future will not in this way differ. In practical matters as well as in precious historic associa- tions, Charlestown has advantages. It is near business parts of Boston as well as to a great deal else, and has plenty of sun- light, good air, and drainage, besides a fair amount of firm land, put, as an old townsman said, where the Creator thought it should be. There is only one Bunker Hill in the metropolis of New England, and if the height where the embattled founders of the Republic stood life in hand, or fell ready sacrifice to so much that we hold priceless, is not prized and kept in due order, as it has been and is, another era than theirs and their children's comes for the country. — s r i / ■*»*;« "T^o -^A-'s 4yfr ■*»'l|'iC»»\'i-»MO PLANS OF CHARLESTOWN. THE VILLAGE IN 1638. THE houses, grounds, and occupants are shown according to the Book of Possessions (1638), printed in the Third Report of the Record Commissioners of Boston, 1883. This Book is a record of the estates of the inhabitants acquired " by purchase, by gift from the town, or by allotments, as they were divided among them by a joint consent after the General Court had settled their bounds by granting eight miles from the old meeting-house into the country." (Hist. C, 66.) "With such means and authority it might seem easy to locate the houses and lands in the village close to the river opposite Boston ; but any one who begins afresh will encounter an uncommonly pretty puzzle, and can well agree with Mr. Frothingham (Hist., p. 2), that while the Book "is valuable so far as it goes," it "is exceedingly loose in description;" indeed, as he adds (p. 66), that "many of the descriptions are so indefinite that it is difficult, if not impossible, to locate the lots." Measures of length are not given ; often there is not even a hint of the size of an area; points of compass are some- times omitted, or repeated incorrectly on the same lot ; certain estates bound on possessions of persons who by the list possessed nothing, or nothing there ; not a highway has its present name or exact line ; there is no geographical order ; twb important pages were lost many years ago ; and, to add a little' more perplexity, the accounts of the lots are scattered promiscuously through the volume. Slight help is given by previous writers. Mr. Frothingham has, in a general way, located a very few of the houses. The "Estates" (1879) is only abbreviated copy from the Book, with few attempts at " the develop- ment of localities which it is proposed to elucidate" (p. 2), and then not always correct, though helping at a few points. Making a map of streets as they are from three or four plans that were on a large enough scale, and marking them with black lines, in 110 THE VILLAGE IN 1638. order that the Plan could be understood better, the writer has fitted the lots together (marked by dotted lines) according to the Book, referring by figures on each to the page where description is given, and joining the abutters as tliere named, and as copied also on the Plan. In some cases lines coincide, or nearly coincide, with existing estates; in other cases it would be very difficult, or impossible, to make them. If it is necessary to establish this identity in any case, the only course is to employ a good conveyancer and surveyor, quite possibly with the chance that they will be either well tried or quite baffled. This remark applies also to the second, and following, survey. The Plan, as stated, shows the houses and occupants and their positions with some approach to order and correctness, and, it may be fairly considered, gives a much clearer idea than has yet been given of the oldest village on the central part of Massachusetts bay when it was nine years old. A few particulars about the Plan and other parts of the town should be added. The position of ''The Great House" built (1620-30) for Gov. Winthrop, and the earliest court and the meeting-house, and (1638) the tavern, is determined from deeds, and Leach's sketch (1780). The Parish Lands are from a plan made in 1835, and the probable place of the ministers' houses is deduced from their bounds. The Eev. John Harvard would probably have lived between them and Mr. No well, the first signer of the Covenant (1632); but the descriptions of his estate, like those of the ministers and of Major Wm. Phillips, are lost. At the north of the area in the Plan were three estates bounded S. W. by "the streete' way," and N. E. by Back St., Geo. Bunker's [36, no. 21] "little house" and garden, Thos. Caule's garden [73, no. 2], and Eobt. Leach's house and garden [72]. This was bounded N. W. by " Geo. Bunker's house," which the writer does not identify, and between his no. 21 and P. Pratt is land also undetermined. There seems to have been a nucleus of what was later called the Mill Village, half a mile north near the junction of Main, Eden and other streets, and another small group to suggest the later Neck Village. In the rural parts inland were scattered houses. At the 'east there were on that side of the " back street " successively from near Henley St., Eliz. Cetcherall's house and garden [60],. Wm. Dade's two acres [22], Ed. Converse's [11, no. 3] "acre and a haulfe of earable land by estimation " (a favorite way of measuring the " Pos- sessions"), and Sam. Carter's [15, no. 2] two acres of the like with THE VILLAGE IN 1638. Ill a house. From the lower (right) corner of the Plan towards the present Navy Yard, there ■were, bounded S. E. by the harbor, John Beridge's [19] house and garden; next Will. Stidson's [56] house and two acres, N. E. were a highway (or Wapping St.) and a part of Back St., and then, side by side, S. E. on Wapping dock, Thos. Coytmore's [28] house and two acres, and Walter Palmer's [31] house and two acres. Close by was Will. Brackenbury's [13, no. 3] house with half an acre. In the east field, on " the highway towards mistick river," Geo. Bunker [36, no. 1] had two acres and a house, and S. on Wapping St. Will. Quick [70] had a house and garden, and Isaac Cole [76] also had a house and garden. Farther eastward, at "Sconce point" was a row of four estates, all S. E. on the harbor, beginning with Augustine Walker's lot [50] S. W. and N. W. on "the marsh," and continued by James Garrett's [51] house and garden, Steeven fforsdick's [70] house and garden, and Henry Larrence's [39] house and garden. N. of the latter two were Thos. Knowhor's [59] house and garden, and Thos. Moulton's [38] house and garden, the last N. on Wapping Street. There was a condition in Walker's [50] "reserving libertie of way sufficient for the servis of the ffort," and one in Garrett's [51] "not hindering the highway about the batterie." Reference is here made to the fortification ordered by the General Court, Sept. 3, 1634, to be "made att the poynte neere Eobte Moul- tons, att Charlton'' [Mass. Records, 1853, I. 124], and that, with one slight change of place, was maintained, chiefly at the expense of the town, until the Revolution [R. Frothingham, Hist. C, 98, who adds that "it was situated near Swett's wharf"]. The village extended along the westerly bank of Charles River from a point at the inner end of the harbor, and also around the Town (Windmill) Hill. Northerly from this hill there were only scattered houses. On the Plan are shown 45 houses (perhaps 2 more unlocated), 1 barn, 2 storehouses, and 2 malt or brew houses. Added in the above account, N. and E., are 17 more houses, making a total of 67 (or 69 ?) buildings, all of which were undoubtedly simple, while the streets or lanes were narrower than their modern representatives on the Plan. Gradually the village increased eastward, northward, and over the area shown in the Plan, until its destruction in 1775. PLANS OF THE TOWN OP CHARLESTOWN "WHEN BURNED IN 1775, AND AFTEEWAEDS EEBUILT. Although the destruction of this town in 1775 was, up to that time, one of the most important events personally known to the people of Massachusetts, yet no exact account of it or of most of the things burned, or anything that can be called a plan or accurate near view, appears to be now known, or, indeed, ever to have existed. General statements of course there are ; but in trying to form a clear idea of the extent and characteristics of the town, the writer found that it could only be obtained by a laborious examination and connection of such separate authorities as relate to the subject. These are, (1) the List of Claims for Losses made by a Committee in 1776, and printed herein, pp. 154-74; (2) a collection of 443 MSS., with details, often minute, of these losses; (3) a MS. "Account" among the "Lowell Papers," owned by the Mass. Historical Soc. ; (4) a MS. " Plan of the new streets,'' etc., 1780, "surveyed by John Leach," at the office of the Secretary of State, Boston ; (5) the deeds at the County Registry in Cambridge ; (6) a Memorial of Citizens for compensation made to the 23d Congress, 1834; (7) details of various claims in the Massachusetts Archives, Vols. 138 and 139; and (8) the "Gene- alogies and Estates of Charlestown," 1880.^ No one of these, alone, gives any clear idea of the subject, or even of its details ; but they must be laboriously examined, compared, and arranged. The List of Claims (1) gives the amounts of losses on real and personal estate, but no details of houses, articles, or local position. The collection (2) enumerates buildings, in a few cases with great detail, but generally with little ; also crops, fences, shop goods, and furniture, usually with particulars ; but gives, singularly, little topo- graphical information. In the Account (3) appear only names of owners or occupants of 76 houses, 41 "Barraks," and 102 "cellars," in all, 219 of these, or much less than the actual number of buildings (380 by church record), besides omitting a large part of the personal losses. The "Plan" (4) is a rough sketch, quite without scale, to 1 (1 and 2) are town property ; (1) has been copied by the writer ; (3) has also been copied by him, and for permission to do so he is indebted to the courtesy of the Mass. Historical Society ; (4) is open to the public at the State House, where a, copy was made for the writer; (5) is as stated above, and (6) can be found in libraries; (7) is also public, and (8) is a published work. »f »7» it e 'O : ^f*-aiujte (I !\ 4 J/ ^ ■^j s > • r 1-^ !VI <^ 1 4 \\ 4- /, / Omj^/jl/. ■Tori- of ISos^ov THE TOWN IN 1775. Hg indicate changes proposed in the Square, and "Water, Henley, and Main streets, only in part efEected. Main St. is shown impossibly straight, and only meagre information is given by names or figures ; yet valuable evidence is found about the site of the " Great House." The deeds (5) afford the best of all available information, and yet sometimes leave the position of estates a puzzle. They are open to the public, and are admirably indexed and arranged. A portion of (6) will be found in (7), together with a moderate amount of curious detail. In regard to over three hundred estates the writer has ex- amined (8) and has found many clews and statements that he has used ; but the lack of topographical arrangement, and a scattering of details, makes it perplexing, and its references to losses are imper- fect. The recorded deeds (5) have no substitute. Of maps or plans ' of the town made later after the fire, there is one by Samuel Thompson, on a small scale, in MS.,^ dated Dec. 1794, showing the whole area, but no plan of the burnt district giving even available hints. The first real map of the streets, not made until 1818, was by Peter Tufts, but its scale is so small that it is of no help here, and furthermore some of its lines (as, for instance, the block bounded by Harvard, Bow, and Arrow streets) do not appear to be correct. It should be added that the early plans of the Battle 'of Bunker Hill, while very valuable about the field itself, which is care- fully shown, and while giving well the upper part of Main St. and some of the outer roads, are evidently imperfect in regard to the streets in the lower, or chiefly settled streets of the town. Here the Plan by Lieut. Page is the least imperfect; that of De Berniere might almost be called preposterous ; Smith's Plan (heliotyped in the writer's Bibliography of B. H.), the earliest American, is based on that of Page. In drawing Plans of the burnt district of 1775 the writer has copied from several (fifty years or less old) that were of sufficient scale, although in this all of them varied, and has shown the district substantially as it is now divided, but on it the estates that then existed (many of which remain), some of which are accurately given, and others approximately, or with sufficient exactness for the purpose in view. In describing the estates he has named the occupants in 1775, and at the same time gives notes about their successors, and also about the buildings now or hitherto on the ground. It is, 1 The Town " Survey," 1767, is text only, but its items afford some help. ' In the Massachusetts Archives, from which it was copied for the^writer. 8 114 THE GBEAT HOUSE. indeed, such a survey as we wish some one had made in 1775, and one that may be of value in the future. This survey we begin at lot 1, Plan I., the site of the "Great House" built (1629-30) for Gov. Winthrop, occupied by him, for sessions of the Court, as a place of worship, and then (1635) sold for £30. to Kobert Long. In the Book of Possessions (p. 6) the estate is described as "one Roode and a haufe of grounde by estimation, more or lesse, scituate on the south of the, mill hill, butting " S. E. and N. E. on the market place, N. by the meeting-house lane, and S. W. " by the high streete, with a dwelling house upon it and other aptinances." This house is believed to have stood until it was burned, June 17, 1775, and in it Eobt. Long kept an Ordinary, or tavern, tintil his death (1663). It is hard enough to trace the ownership of this " Possession," but as it is the site of the earliest historic building within the present limits of Boston, we should make it an exception among the estates of the town, and briefly note how it was held. Eobert Long's heirs sold the estate (1673) to "brother John Long," whose widow Mary sold (1704) "a small piece" to Henry Cookery, and (1711) "the great tavern" itself to her son Samuel. Of him Eben' Breed bought (1711) one half of the "old tavern" (1 C). Mr. Frothingham says that "the estate [meaning all] remained in the possession of Mr. Breed's heirs [from 1754, when he died] untU the town purchased it to form a part of the Square." But he owned only one half, and Charles Russell (1712-13) bought another half of the "3 Crane Tavern" (D.), which passed to Chambers Russell. Notwithstanding this, it is stated (G. and E., 626) that Mary Long devised (1720) the tavern, and left it (1729) to Samuel Long, and also (do., 864) that Sarah, widow of Samuel Long, who married Geo. Shore, left (1744) the "Three Cranes," occupied by John Gardner, to her husband; and furthermore that Brown (Thomas, do., 142, called Nath'l on p. 24), innholder, bought (1746) of Chambers Russell the "3 Cranes," and (1766) mortgaged it to the Ancient and Hon. Artillery Co., the discharge not being made until June 17, 1794. This not very lucid account of ownership is, however, clearer than the separate statements of the shape of the lots into which the Pos- session became divided. Even the exact site of the first Govern- ment building of Massachusetts Bay can hardly be determined until the exact position of a certain post in Mary Long's fence is known. Mr. Wyman says (p. 24) that the lot mortgaged in 1766 is the City Hall lot (Plan I., 2) ; but the deeds show that it could not have been, and the Leach sketch helps to solve the riddle, and also to prove the 18 CK*^ea 5tir*«ir THE TOWN IN 1775. 115 correctness of Mr. Frothingham's statement that "the Great House stood wholly in the Square, and opposite " the centre of the present " Waverly House," — a fact that he, it is very likely, had from per- sons who had seen the old building. Confused by the first remark, but guided by the last two named, the bounds in the deeds become comprehensible, and other divisions are explained. In 1700 (deed, vol. 12, 656), Henry Cookery, "marriner," for £70., bought of (Maj.) John Cutler a "messuage," — yards, gardens, or- chards, houses, etc. (1 A), — bounded (but without feet given) N. and E. on Mary Long, S. and W. " upon an alley or passage neer the public meeting house," and 1706 (deeds, vol. 14, 88), as an inn- holder, of Mary Long, "a small piece of ground" (IB), for £40. (N. W. 54 on H. C. ; S. E. 54 on M. L. ; S. W. 30 on Town St. ; N. E. 30 on land and garden fence of M. L.). In 1718 (vol. 19, 260) for £200. his heirs sold Wm. Wyer a lot (A), S. on street 29 J ft.; W. on street from the meeting-house, 102 J- ft. ; N. on alley near do., 23 ft. ; E. on land of late Capt. John Long. David Wyer inherited (1747) of Wm. his father, house and shop bought of Cookery (1718), and sold (1755) to Jas. Russell, who sold (1759) to Eich? Phillips, and he (1764) to Irene Prentice (died 1791), daughter of Rev. Thos., settled minister of Charlestown. The bounds, 1764, are within a few inches those of 1718, and are described similarly, with the added particular that N. is on alley at E. end of the meeting-house. Thus these lots, fronted by the Breed and Russell purchases (C. D.), together form a block that could only have stood " wholly in the Square," as is proved by the Leach sketch, quite out of scale and bearings as the block is there, and with figures of dimensions only in part agreeing with those in the deeds, yet there measuring only 5 % more area than in the guess-work of 1638. The whole area of the Possession is now in the open space of the Square, and not a vestige of the buildings once on it remains above ground. Charred timbers, it is said, were dug up here years ago. Close by the " Great House " stood the meeting-house of the town, and really the most important building there, in or before 1775. References to it are found, and its position, somewhere near the east end of the present City Hall, is known. Yet it is a strange fact, that an exact description of it and of its site does not appear to exist. In many other countries a building so identified with the religion of the people would not have thus perished from thought as well as from sight. The slightness of its material seems to have been a symbol of the really slight consecration it was felt to give the ground where 116 MAItKET PLACE, NOKTH SIDE. it stood. In the losses it (467) was valued at £3,000. Near by stood the Court-house, valued (465) at £800., of the exact description and site of which, also, nothing has been found by the writer. The most precise information we have about the sites of both these buildings is given by those who knew them. Dr. Bartlett (1813) says that the meeting-house stood on the Square (in front of 3, Plan I.), and the Court-house in front of the Eussell estate (do., 28, 29), which may have been on 1 E. Judge Jas. Winthrop (1818), in connection with Gen. Dearborn's account of the battle refers to '■ the northern side of the Square, where the Court-house stood," adding that "after the destruction of the Town, the places of the Court-house and Meeting-house were cleared of the ruins to form the present Square." Their probable sites are indicated on Plan I. On 2 appear to have stood the two houses of the ministers, valued (claim 470) £1,100., and long occupied by the pastors of the town, as well as by Eev. Hull Abbot and Rev. Thos. Prentice. (As shown by a deed (1766) the former may have been on 1 E.). The latter owned real property elsewhere, and claimed (119) on it, or on something here. Neither of them appears to have lost much personal estate. The other losses on 1 and 2 appear to have been in those of John Wyer (14), Ephraim Breed (48), and Ebenezer Breed (12). Next north, and fronting the Square, is an estate, 3, sold (1785) by the widow Mart Scottow. She stated (Coll. No. 2) that she lost her "Two Dwelling Houses adjoining together Near the Back of the Meetinghouse," valued at £225. Matthew Bridge, who came from Lexington (Nov. 14, 1785), bought of her (1785) when the three-storied wooden house, now standing here, was new. Its front, clapboarded and painted brown, is about 36 ft. wide. As has been the case for over forty years the lower story is used for business and the upper part for tenements. In 1814 Ebenf Baker, who had mar- ried Miss Bridge, lived here. She then inherited her father's large wooden house (Plan II., 44 A) on Harvard St., and probably then went to it. The estate is still held by the widow of her son, thus making one of the few instances now in town of an estate held by the same family for over a century. Besides personal acquaintance with the owners since the first Mr. Bridge, the writer knew the house well when a scholar in the " Classical School " kept in it by Dr. J. H. Holmes (1847 and earlier), and attended by boys of several well- known families. Changes are so great that as far as the writer is aware he has been for many years the only one of these scholars who has been a householder in the town. /THE TOWN IN 1775. 117 Adjoining is 4, a small lot owned perhaps fifty years by the family of Jos. Austin^ who claimed (16) for loss (house and shop), and inherited the land (1784). He soon sold (1785) to Thos. Powers, who sold (1792) to Nath. Gorham, whose " store " is here on a plan dated 1796. An old wooden building here, three stories high, has (1887) been replaced by a new brick store. Next, at 5, is a plain red brick building, 43 ft. front, three stories high, and with a tall sloping and slated roof. The lower story has been occupied for many years by A. N. Swallow & Co., grocers, suc- cessors of the firm Sawtell & Jacobs in the same business. The upper part has been used by societies and for business. This estate contained the mansion of Edward Sheafe, sold after his death to Caleb Call, and by him. May 11, 1772 (for £393. 6. 8) to Nathan- iel GoEHASi, who, Aug. 29, 1772, mortgaged it as "the house wherein I now dwell,'' to Jas. Bowdoin (for £200.). Mr. Gorham, who claimed (18) in 1775, died intestate in 1796, and his heirs (1813) sold the lot to Geo. Bartlett, who sold it in 1845. Long ago the house of Mr. Gorham (built after the conflagration) disappeared. It must have stood close upon the street, and could hardly have been a fine one, but it was for several years the residence of the citizen of the town who reached the highest official position attained by any of its natives. A long narrow strip of land behind, for many years used for stables, sheds, etc., extends to the open space on Town Hill. Beyond is another long narrow estate (6) reaching to the same space. In 1772 Thos. Austin sold it to D. "Wait, who claimed (19) for loss (house, bakehouse, barn, shop, work and smoke house) in 1775, and whose heirs sold it in 1816. In 1796 his house appears to have been 34 ft. deep. The present building, quite different from the original, is of wood, three stories high, clapboarded, painted gray, and is used for business. Next, and reaching to an alley to Town Hill, and up it to the open space, is a large estate (7) bought by Sam. Swan, 1756, who claimed (20) for loss of house and barn. As a store it was sold to Caleb Swan (1796), who (1796) sold to Cotton Center, a grocer, who came from Woburn (Apr., 1785). He sold to E. Center, 1809-14, who (1818) mortgaged to I. "Warren, and the latter's son, Geo. "W., inherited it. The present owner is Rhodes Lockwood. On Town Hill are wooden dwellings, and on Main St. a modern style of apartment-house built of brick, five stories high, with stores on the lower floor, and three bay windows reaching up the other stories to the flat roof. This structure is developed from ""Wash- 118 MAIN ST., NEAR THE SQUARE. ington Hall," in which G. W. Warren arranged a large room for parties. The "Bachelors' Ball," given here by George T. Upham, Constantine F. Newell, and Walter Hastings, was one of the earlier, and was a fashionable event of the time. At the "iEthon " (1861) and Quadrille (1854) parties were also gathered many once well known in town. Subsequently the place had the experiences apt to befall its like. Among personal associations with this estate there are two that are very notable. Here probably lived, although for a short time. Rev. John Harvard, and here Judge Sewall visited. The block (8, 9) bounded by the alley. Main St., and Henley St. was the home estate of Increase Nowell, first signer of the Church Covenant, who died 1655, and from whose widow it passed (1675) to W" Hilton. In 1706 Eleazer Phillips bought the southerly part (40 ft. wide), and (1709) his son Eleazer inherited some of it (8). This son, who died 1763, was the only bookseller and publisher in the town before the Revolution, but the works issued by him (see p. 264) are now of great rarity. The end of the Phillips part on Town Hill was divided into two small estates, on one of which is a two-storied house built of split stone, now occupied by the Charlestown Free Dis- pensary. On Main St. there is a block of plain red brick buildings, three stories high, with stores below and dwellings, etc., above. The Leach sketch (1780) places on 9 "Doc, Graves," and the Heirs op Gary (111) claimed "for Doer Graves' house." (The same sketch puts "Austins" only at 8.) Three or four houses, apparently, were burned (1775) on this block. Main St. was (1767) here 27 ft. wide. At the corner of Henley St. and Main St. (10) now stands the large square building of the Warren Institution for Savings, three tall stories high, built of red bricks, with a brownstone front and brownstone " trimmings " elsewhere, and covered by a high so-called French slated roof with a broad flat top. It was built (1859) from designs by J. H. Rand, in no defined (but what is termed " modern ") style, and is one of the largest and most expensive business buildings ever on the peninsula. Here a house given to the town by R. Sprague was sold (1732) to S. Henley. After ownership by him and some of his heirs, his son Samuel held the estate and claimed (109) for losses in 1775. Mr. Henley's account of his house is one of the fullest descriptions that appears among the claims, and is as follows : "A large Elegant Mansion House three Stories high painted inside and out in the Best manner the upper chambers all plasterd five Rooms on a floer with large Iron Backs in every Room and Chamber (but one), that in my Kitching weigh? Better then Two hundred wait. THE TOWN IN 1775. 119 The Best Room was finish? with very handsom Hangings which cost me about Twenty three pounds Lawful and Two Rooms with very good Paper. A very handsom Entry finish? with Carv? work, winscott and paper — five Chambers the Best Chamber a very good paper and a marble hearth that Cost Ten pounds Lawful, and each side the Chimney carv? work and winscott, A handsom Turit on said House with an Elictrick Wyer, long & large A very good Cellar under the whole House, with many plank petitions, Doars, and Locks, the House was finish? in the best manner Two Rooms wiuscotted, Chair high Stone hearths and Jams. A Counting Room at the End of my House, cost me about forty pounds Lawful money. Shutters and Iron fastnings to all the windows in the House in the best man- ner — About three quarters of said House was built about Nine years before it was Burnt which I look upon to be worth at least Farthing £2,000. lawful money." He was distiller, trader, church-member, town treasurer, father of 20 children, and the richest man on the peninsula in 1775. He was enterprising, and, if stories of some old persons could be believed, he had a vigorous temper. His daugh- ter Elizabeth married Sir Grenville Temple, and was one of the very few natives of the town who had a knighted husband. After Capt. Henley's death (1795) the estate eventually stood in other names. Next lived John White, who had married Mary, sister of Capt. Henley, and who (198) claimed £420. for a dwelling and shop with ^ a brick wall between it and his house. Isaac Codman, who had married Abigail Foster, stated a loss of a store, chocolate mUl, and personal, between Main and " back st." and next J. White. Between the Bank and a narrow alley is a large estate (11), that for many years stood in the name of Bradstreet, and on Main St. is now occupied by a much altered, old, three-storied wooden building, well finished inside, long the shop and home of Katharine B. On the lower floor was the once well-known dry-goods store of W"? Arnold, and later, for nearly forty years the bookstore of McKim and Cutter, A. E. Cutter, and F. M. Reed. On the former garden for a long whUe has stood another but plainer three-storied wooden building in business use. Leach gives no note of this estate. Sheriff Richard Foster (who died 1774) left his daughter Abigail a house on Main St., and Sarah the Bradstreet lot that she occupied. The former was the wife of Isaac Codman (202), and the latter of Sam. Bradstreet and a claimant (199) for a small loss on personal estate. Claim (123) was made for the Estate of Richard Foster (old 120 MARKET PLACE, EAST SIDE. house where Mrs. Bradstreet lived). Half of a house here occupied by Sam. B. and Isaac F. (claim 24) was sold (1770) by him to his daughters. Mary Austin stated that she lost a house " between Capt. Isaac foster and Mr. Richard Bouylstown," valued at £266. 13. 4. By the "Survey" of 1767 the house of the "Widow Johnson" appears to have been near this place. At the S. E. corner of the alley is a small lot (12) covered by an old three-storied wooden building with a store on the lower floor of the front end on Main St. Joseph Dowse claimed (116) for loss 1775, and S. Dowse bought here (1785), it seems. Adjoining is a block of plain three-storied brick buildings (pi. 13), on the lower floors of which have been stores for many years, and in the upper, dwellings or offices. In the third story, at the south- erly end, Mr. Caleb Rand has printed for a long time. The estate belonged to Dr. Isaac Rand, who claimed (117) for loss, 1775 (house and barn), and sold the lot, with cellars (1786), to S. Dowse. At 14 is a low and narrow three-storied building with a plain front of hewn granite, built for the Phoenix Bank (in operation between 1832 and 1842), and subsequently used for other business. At 15 stands a four-storied building with brick ends and a wooden front, clapboarded and painted brown, developed from a quaint store of three stories, and used for business, as it always has been. In 1771 Joseph Dowse sold this estate to N. Dowse, who claimed £600. (352) for loss, 1775, and sold (1781) houses burned to Jos. Lynde. He sold (1783) to Joseph Hurd, one of the prominent local traders, who sold (1817) to Skinner & Hurd. For years, while the Square was a market-place of the old sort, and a great many farmers and others from the country brought produce there for sale, this firm dealt in it, and in groceries. Next east, where now is Warren St., the successor of the narrow, crooked Phillip's lane, Leach vaguely sets down "Lemon." There was a claim (128) for loss in 1775 of buildings, on account of the estate of Joseph Lemmon, and one by Elizabeth (his widow?) (129) for personal. By the " Survey " of 1767 " M'' Lemmons House [was] joyning Dowse' Land." From the N. E. corner of Warren St. to Warren Avenue, and from these points to the river, and most of the distance to the Navy Yard, swept the great fire of Aug. 28, 1835, still (1887) the most destructive in the town since that of 1775. On the Square, building was begun after the autumn of the next year, and most of the edi- fices within these bounds date from 1836, or not long afterwards. THE TOWN IN 1776. 121 At the corner (16, 17) was a plain, narrow brick building of three stories with an end on the Square, and beyond it, along Warren St., are five three-storied brick, and three two-storied wooden, houses reaching to Joiner St. At the centre of 17 stands the building of the Bunker Hill Bank, of brick, three stories high, with brownstone trimmings and a wooden cornice painted to match, and built to replace an earlier edifice, of plain cut granite, with three low stories, and arched windows in the second story. At the corner of Chelsea St. is a plain brick building of three stories, not as high as the present Bank, and beyond it to Joiner St. are several three-storied dwelling- houses. Ebenr Austin, who died 1723, had, about on the site of the Bank, a house (27 ft. front, 16 ft. deep?), and his son Eben' inherited half and bought half (1734). After the death of the latter (1757) his heirs took it, and held it (to 1815?). EbenT also had (1723) adjoining a house described as new. "Nat Austin" is put near here by Leach. NathI, pewterer, son of Eben. 2d (claim 203), had half a house behind the Town House, and Nath!, goldsmith, " harlf a house," barn, and woodhouse (where?). Mary had a dwelling bounded by Nat. and widow Welsh (who had a dwelling on Joiner St.). 18 and 19 are perplexing areas, but it seems safe to name Austins among the owners in 1775. John, Jr., lost a dwelling where he lived, valued at £500., and Euth " Harlf a House," valued at £650, 20, originally the lot of Maj. Sedgwick (see Plan, 1638), passed to Ward, Phillips, and Wm. Wyee, a part of whose claim for loss (210) seems to have been here ("my house and barn"). In 1784 Dea. Timothy Newell bought this lot and another back of it. Part of the back land was in the Gorham estate to 1793, whence it passed to J. Thompson, then (1795) to J. W. Langdon, then (1797) to G. Bart- lett, then (1801) to A. Roulstone, who died in 1834, — an example of the changes in the ownership of some of these lots. Odin (John) and Ballard (Jos.), who claimed (211) for loss in 1775, seem to have had a narrow lot at this corner, 19 ft. on the Square, and along a lane, partly, it may be, on the area of Chambers St. (with (.') their " well finished house & in good repair," 9 fireplaces, squares of glass 10 X 8). On the S. W. side of that street, at 21, the land was owned by Ebenezek Breed, a family in town from early in the last century, and losses here are probably in his claim (12). By one account 22 was bought (1755) by S. Conant, and passed (1814) from his grand- son to E. Cook, and was W. M. Edmands's in 1858. By another account, Chambers Russell sold here (1761) to Charles Russell, 122 NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE PERRY. who claimed (114) £650. for loss. Saeah Russell claimed (113) £491., and must have been in this neighborhood. She stated her loss of " A Neet Mansion House " two stories high, giving a long description. Leach briefly marks the corner "Eussell." During the war, ownership of 23 (R. Trumbull and T. Jenner, 1814) is not determined by the writer. 24 appears to have been sold by Wm. Stanton to E. Trumbull in 1779. Some of the following-named losses may have been here. These areas (19 to 22) are occupied on the Square by three-storied buildings, all used for business, and of brick, except at 19, where the fronts are of cut granite. On the ferry wharf {south of lower left corner of Plan I.) Richard Trumbull seems to have occupied a shop belonging to the town (G. and E., 956). He had a claim (2) for loss on buildings ("wife's house " ?) in 1775 ; but as his claim for personal estate was small he apparently had removed most of his goods. Close by, Dea. Michael Beigden, who died in 1767, had a house (bought by his father in 1700), and an interest in a wharf (from 1733). For his estate claim (1) was made for a loss, £525., on real estate, but none on personal, a charge of £7. IDs. for cartage indicating that the latter was re- moved. His heirs reported a large house, wharf, barns, fences, etc., at £733. 6. 8. "Bunker's Wharif " was opposite, according to the Survey of 1767. (See 35.) The land, that seems to have been held by his family until 1829, has long been used for wharfage. Timotht Beigden (235) had a " shop and barn " near by. Wm. Manning's WIFE (227) claimed, he (a ferryman) reporting two dwellings "be- longing to me and wife." Thos. Goodwin had a small interest in the ferry estate (divided, 1786), and a claim (7), as also had Benj. (280), the latter having (where?) 2 barns and 2 "shay" houses, etc. Near by, John Larkin (4) had "loss wharf, etc." (G. and E., 601), " J warehouse and wharf," £10., by his statement, with £99. 12. 8 personal (£65. 19. 10 in claim). Martha, widow of EbenT King, seems to have had two shops, a barn, wharf, etc. near the ferry, about which she made a statement. Thomas Larkin had a claim (3), as also had Sam. Larkin (6), "hous and back shop, bam and shayhous " (?) ; the site of a house here he seems to have disposed of to his son (1776). The areas of all these estates have long been used for business purposes. Also near and north of the ferry were losses by Mart Cutter, also Wm. Conant (214) "house and store," and at least part of a large one by John Stanton (216), he describing " 1 large dwelling house near the ferry with other buildings adjoining 40 foot on the main street 96 feet on y' other," £666. 13. 4; also "a THE TOWN IN 1775. 123 large Home in Wappen cost me £333. 6. 8." It may be added that the whole area from the old ferry eastward to the Navy Yard and northward to Chelsea St. will probably soon be occupied by the Fitchburg R. E. Co. (See Stanton, p. 128.) Hon. Thomas Russell, son of Judge James (who outlived him two years), a leading merchant in his time, had a large claim (5) for loss in 1775 of £1,750. on real, and £516. 2. 4d. on personal estate. Bought (1764) of D. Russell's heirs (for £600., deed 61, p. 612) and property long in the family, he had a wharf, land, and flats, extend- ing from Main St., at 25, S. W. to Charles River. On the first were two warehouses, 60 X 20 and 40 X 20, and there was " a large and Costly dwelling House " that he valued at £1,333. 6. 8. After the war he built a brick house (p. 88) on the area of Water St., between the present two bridges, but did not occupy it before his death (1796). The Survey of 1767 states that it was 44| feet "from Cheevers N: "VV: Corner to the Corner of Russell's House" (p. 125). A.t 26 A, extending nearly to the avenue to Warren Bridge (as that is marked on Plan I.), and then running 100 ft. southward to the river, was an estate where lived John Codman, sea-captain, poi- soned at home by his slaves in 1755. Their trial, described by Mr. Goodell (see p. 280 herein), was among the most notable events of its kind in the Colonial history of the town. John (his son) claimed (391) £1,277. for losses (mansion, wharf, " wherehouse," etc.). At 26 B was an adjoining lot with a house that he bought (1771), and sold (1793) to Thos. Russell. D. Lawrence owned at 27 ; lot A he sold to R. Devens, B to Eben. Breed (both 1750), and in their claims (8 and 12) losses here are probably represented. Joseph Hopkins, "waterman," bought (1725) the corner estate fronting the Square, and his son Joseph inherited part and bought his mother's interest. He, described as a "hatter," etc., had estates on Harvard St. (44 F, G, H), and claimed (9) for losses. He is said to have been married six times within 27J^ years. Almost corresponding with the area of the avenue to Warren Bridge was the Caey estate. Samuel, "ship-chandler," bought (1717) a house, malt-house, and dock, that he left (1741) to his sons, Nath! and Richard, and the former sold (1749) his part to the latter. By that time there appear to have been two warehouses and a still-house. Richard, who died in 1790 (?), claimed little on personal estate, but he valued at £600. " some part " of his loss on a dwelling-house with brick ends and four rooms on a floor, with a small shop at one end, an outkitchen, and cistern, and at £900. a still-house 124 SQUARE; SOUTH SIDE. almost new, with a brick wall and two stills, a large wharf, and double warehouse. Adjoining the Gary property was a lot, 28, originally held by Thos. Graves, the Cromwellian Admiral (60 in Book of Possessions), that passed to the Eussells and was long held by them, and finally by the Hon. James Russell, who had children, and who, like others of his family, owned a good deal of land in town, chiefly outside the Neck. His land here, reaching (perhaps 200 ft.) from the Square to the river, seems to have been occupied by a warehouse and wharf, as well as by his "large mansion," 50 ft. front, that he valued at £1,333. 6. 8. His claim (11), one of the largest, was for the total amount of £2,501. 2s. As only £199, is for personal property, and as £7. 10 is added for cartage, much may have been removed. His list in- cludes a considerable amount of furniture, hangings for two rooms, silk bed canopies, etc., but no books, pictures, or mahogany. Judge Russell bought (1759, 1783) some of the back land of 29, the front land of which was a garden before an oblong house, with its end towards the Square, standing on 30 previous to the war. In this house lived two families, with a front door in common on the east side, between which and the garden was a passageway 6 ft. wide paved with flat stones. (See deeds 167, p. 246 for these particulars.) In the N. end (next the Square) was Capt. Josiah Harris, who claimed "hous and workhouses" (166), and in the other was Mrs. Parker. The widow Parker claimed (155) £80. Josiah Harris, Jr., who had an interest in two lots hereabouts, claimed (167) for loss of £200. on buildings, " half of a house," and a trifling amount on personal ; and John Larkin (Dea. 1st ch.), who bought here in 1759, claimed (168) £425. 10. 4d. for loss on real estate. He owned other property and seems to have removed most of his personal effects. Matthew Clark, " boat builder," the year before the war bought part of a house and a narrow lot reaching to the water, and claimed on it (165) as well as for personal, including five boats. He and Capt. Harris seem to have removed only a moderate part of their personal property. After the war, on the garden ground already mentioned arose John Harris's house (45 J X 41 ft.) of wood, plain, and three stories high ; in its later years an ordinary public house. At 30 was his store, a similar but smaller building used for mechani- cal and other business. The two, together with the Russell mansion, were in poor enough condition when pulled down to give place for the "Waverley House," a very large brick hotel erected (1866-67) by Moses A. Dow, extending from Front St. by the Square to Jenner THE TOWN IN 1775. 125 St., and much larger, indeed, than any other public or private structure ever on the peninsula, except, perhaps, the Hoosac Elevator. Abut- ting 30, westward, was the estate of John Austin (60, Plan II.). From 170 to 200 ft. east of Joiner St. was a dock crossed by a swing-bridge, broadening into a basin, and ending in small divisions that extended to the present Chelsea St., and almost to its junction with Henley St. At or near the head was a wharf, east of 32, sold (1723-24) by B. Green to S. Trumbull, from whom it passed (1761) to John Ivory, and (1769) to Sam. Henley, whose loss here, "a large Distillhouse," ? helped to swell his claim (109). James Trum- bull, son of S., seems to have had property hereabouts, helping to swell his claim (243), In the neighborhood — rather an unsavory one — there were two or three distilleries and a tanyard, that must have made it peculiarly inflammable. Thomas and Mary Welch, who had a claim, dwelling, stable 72 X 22, and shop? (207), sold (1786) a house and wharf, at or about 34, to J. Cordis, bounded S. W. 46 ft. on Joiner St., S. E. 159 ft. on D. Cheever, and N. W. 80 ft. on land of heirs of Theo. Ivory, who bought (1703) of Maj. D. Davison, bounded W. or S. W. also on Joiner St., which might be at or near 33. At or about 35 was a lot 93 ft. S. "W. on Joiner St., N. W. 168 ft. on T. and W. Welch, and N. E. 142 ft, on dock, that (1770) came into the hands of David Cheever, who claimed (110) for loss in 1775 of £2,176. on real, — -here a still-house, cooper's shop, etc., — but only £86. on personal estate. He had a large house, four rooms on a " Flower," 3 " stare "cases, 6 chambers, 3 upper chambers, etc. (See 25.) This lot is "where the distillery stood in 1775 " (G. and E., 241). Richard Gary appears to have had an estate east of 36, but his chief property seems to have been at 27. On the S. E. was a J. Codman estate, that the writer has not deter- mined. On this street no estates are even alluded to by Leach. John Codman claimed (391) £1,277. (G. and E., p. 225, says £217.); but his chief estate seems to have been at 26. D. Lawrence is re- ferred to here before the Revolution. There were four Daniels, and the writer thinks that he can omit this puzzle. Also in the neighborhood of the dock appear to have been the losses of Joseph Johnson (230), a large house and warehouse; Battery Powers (231), pot-house, kiln-house, and clay-mill ; Jesse Harding (43), the children of E. Cheever (192) (^ a dwelling?), and of a dwelling and shed reported by John Edmands. 126 WATEE STEEET. In 1761 Moses Gill, Lt.-Gov. of Mass., held 38 and 39, and John Gill 37 (apparently derived from Lt.-Col. Michael Gill, who came to town 1696?), and sold not long after the Revolution. Moses Gill claimed (124) £400. for loss on real only, — a large mansion of three " tinniments," near the ferry, that he valued at £591. 7. 7. In regard to the areas 40 and 41 (and to 17, 18), the writer can only add that the intricacies of transfers may be passed by stating that John Austin (31) seems to have been at or near the corner of Chelsea St. ; that on the lower end of the present Warren St. seem to have been Nath. Austin (see 17), goldsmith (240) ; Ruth (242), widow of Capt. Thos. Austin ; Mrs. Best (a house) and Powers (290) ; Jas. Call, £250. on real (224) ; and near by, "VVm. Leathers, dwelling and barn (249), and Wm. Leathers, Jr. (250), house, shop, barn, "horsel and shope goods." Northeastward from the way to the ferry (to the old bridge) a " new street " was laid out, now Water St., running parallel to the river and leading to the present gate of the Navy Yard. Leach, who calls it "about 1600 feet long," gives family, but not other, names of abutters, indicated below by italics. The losses here were : — Northerly side, at a lane 10 ft. wide, now Chambers St. Gill, about 160 ft. front, mentioned at 37 and 38 (the only Gills). Dock, 22 ft. ; highway, 22 ft. ; to this, S. side, were : — Austin (which?) at 42, then Gooding. Edward Goodwin (282), wharf between ferry and Lemon's, also a house, a barn, and three shops. — Brazier, 15 ft. Nathan Dexter (house, barn, and wharf near the causeway ?) and Brazek, a house (91), £200. on buildings. — Capen, 24 ft. Wm. (272) £225., do. (he estimated a house and shop at £2,04:1.). — Harding, 42 ft. Estate of Thos. (279) £466., house, barn, and wharf. — Solei/ 75 ft. Dorcas (274), widow of John, £220., dwelling, tallow-house, warehouse, and stable " on my wharf," and their son John (275), £500., also on buildings. — White, 40 ft. (who?). N. side of the " new street,'' beyond the above dock, etc. Chapman, 50 ft. (Jemima (302), a house 32 X 16 in good repair?.) — Capen, 30 ft. Sarah (273), widow of James, £100. "a dwelling hous." — Roney, 40 ft. Joanna Runey (304), £100. on buildings. — Hopping, 28 ft. Estate of Wm. (183 or 375 ?), buildings (dwelling and bakehouse, or may be at 73?). Opposite the last four, Stone, 144 ft. Elias (303) £100., dwelling, warehouse, cooper's shop, wharf, etc. Passage 14 ft., and dock 39 ft. wide. THE TOWN IN 1775. 127 Miller (?), 36 it.— Ford, 40 ft. Wm. (30), buildings (he valued two houses at £4,400., old tenor, and the lot stiU burned over in 1787). Dock, 89 ft., and road 18^ ? ft. Opposite, Harris, 89 ft. John (120), £893., wharf?, etc., including other losses. (His estimate on real was, a " Dubbell " House ; a house ; a barn 20 X 30 ; three-story warehouse, 18 X 40, 2 do., 14 X 40 ; mill ; two work-houses, 18 X 40, and one 20 X 30; a "Cill" house, 24 X 30, and cooper's shop, 14 X 16). Beyond the road, Henley, 70 ft. (part of claim of Samdel (109). Then another road, 16^ ft.? N. side, Rhodes, 56 ft. Jacob & Son, the only Rhodes (284), £455., on buUdiugs. (Their whole claim (see no. 102) included § of a house and barn ; a house ; a house and barn ; a workhouse ; a "fraim" of a vessel, 170 tons; and a large amount of timber.) Op- posite them was Breed, 56 ft. Fosdich, 99 ft. James (86), £350., on buildings (the only like Fosdick claim, but he reported a dwelling "just without the Neck," and " whovers," £150.). — Harris, 49 ft. (which 1).— Phillips, 82 ft. (which ?). — Orr, 45 ft. Elizabeth (268), £100. on buildings. A Road next. Munro, 104 ft. David (208), £293. on buildings. (He valued a dwelling, barn, workhouse and utensils, large shop, and damage to land, at £425.) Eastward, N. side, to the corner of Henley St. Lemon, 63 ft. Estate of Joseph (128), plan, no. 16. — Foye, 175 ft. John (266), £350., who lost a dwelling, 4 elm-trees, new fences, and furniture, including " mohigane," to an unusual amount. He added, " By the loss of the within Housel fourniture was by Serveing the Countrey In taking the Small Pox out of Cambridge at the time that Part of the Army was there.'' Signed Charlestown, June 18, 1775. — Newell, 92 ft. Maet (44), widow of David, lost J of a house, a "hole" house, and a barn (here, or 78). — Brown. Nath?' (47) £1,180., lost a large house with 18 rooms, besides bedrooms, "well finished from top to bottom," also £560. in shipping. Eliz. Moor, widow, lost furniture, £14. 19. 8, at the house of N. B., innholder. At the easterly part of Water St. there appear to have been, in addition, Josiah Austin (241), between Water and Henley sts. ; Jo- seph Breed (283), a house (both for £60.) ; also (?) Ltdia Hood (22), part of a house; and Andrew Newell (301), \ a house, a barn, cooper-shop, store, etc Martha (widow of Andrew ?) stated loss of her house and "Houselstuff " at £750. (end of Joiner Street ?). Near the Battery appear to have arisen the claims of Nath? Cart (267) and of Thos. Maedlen (269), a large dwelling, sheds, etc., and part of that of NATH^ Dowse (352). Towards the Point also 128 HENLEY STEEET. appear to have been those of Rebecca Speague (305) and(?) David Nevtell (262), a d-rtrelling and a barn. Turning at this, the easterly, end of the town, and entering Henlet St., running at an acute angle from Water St. west to Main St. (at 10, Plan I.), we first pass Brown, Newell, and Foye, already mentioned, and reach family names noted by Leach, as follows, given in italics : — Stanton, 90 ft. front. Johk (216, see p. 123). John Fenton (92) claimed £802. for losses. — Waters- Abraham (264), £110. (small house, etc., 33 X 123). — Johnson (both sides of the street). Eleazer and Katt (200), £300. (house, and old warehouse?). — Foster (both sides). The estate of Isaac (123), ^ a house (see also 11, Plan I). Thomas (both sides). The only claims in this name seem to be (370) and (396) for personal losses. Highway, 100 ft., and then on the south side of Henley St., — Henley. Part of Samuel's estate (109). — Miller and Town. Rich- ard Miller (107), £334. on Sds. (he had a dwelling, barn, and work- house, that he valued £256.). — Jennings. Benj. (423), £55. total. From his house the provincial forces took sundries belonging to Eliz. Bryant (385), Oliver Frost (386), and Sarah Hicks (387).— Whitte- more. Josiah (126), £200., on buildings (there was a cellar here, 1779). He had a house, woodhouse, and barn, that he valued at £1,500. Here Geo. Bartlett left and lost personal valued £144. 10. Highway 120 ft., being the open space at the intersection with War- ren St. ; on the N. side (opposite the last four). Piles. Katharine (257), widow of John, £266. (by her account one new double house and one old, £2,000. old tenor ; valuation here, £45., in 1786 ?). — Penny's Kiln. Jonathan Penny & Co. (226 ?), a kUnhouse and shed, workhouse, and claymill. A narrow highway, and then Penny. "Penny's house" (73), valued at £60. — Another highway, and then Bodge, of which name the writer has nothing to note. — Teal, 23 ft. ? William (225) £200. for buildings (he valued a double dwelling-house £220., and had a ferry-boat). No man's land, 35 ft. ? _ Wait, 42 ft. ? Samuel (125) £538., on lands, buildings, etc. (He reported a dwelling, barn, and slaughter-house at £420.) Across the highway (Warren St.) are S. Henley (10, Plan I.) and 60, III. Close by, in or near Joiner St., seem to have been Ann Welch and sister (238), who lost a dwelling that they valued £133. 6. 8., and Widow Elisabeth (Austin) Johnson (213), a house (£200.), destroyed " by the minterial Butchers." THE TOWN IN 1775. 129 Plan II. S. E. slope of Town hill to Charles river. A large piece of land between Harvard St. and Bow St., and S. of the double dotted line north, of 44, was owned by Capt. or Maj. Thos. Jenner, a business man (distiller, etc.,) and a large owner and dealer in real estate, who died in 1765. Most of this piece was bought by him in 1729. The only plan in the whole block, N. to Arrow St., seen by the writer, is one of his "orchard" (1767) by Leach (deeds 68, p. 73) with angles made to fit a folio page rather than the land, for it can only be made to fit there by altering them (yet using the same figures) as in Plan II. It is a curiously crooked lot reaching from street to street. Sam. Conant, a baker, acquired a considerable amount of the land, buying of Jenner (1760) B and D, and through J. Hopkins (1759) C, and of Jenner's executrix (1768) the portion of the large (1729) lot A to A. Conant held the latter and sold (1798) a large strip across the northerly part (and from street to street) to M. Bridge, who also acquired more land S. of this. Sam. Larkin bought E (1757). Joseph Hopkins (see Plan I., 27) bought (1759) G, besides 26 ft. front, F, that he bought (1759) of Larkin, and subsequently a small strip, H. The frontages of these three on Harvard St. are shown by their initials in brackets. D. Goodwin bought (1768) the part K, on Bow St., and Jenner sold (1760) the lot L to T. Mason. The end lot, I, appears to have been where Sam., son of the Capt., lived in 1771. Claims for losses in 1775 were made by S. Conant (215), who had a dwelling, large barn, and two chaise-houses (also a dwelling, bakehouse, and bolting-mills. See also 48) ; Sam. Laekin (included in 6), Jos. Hop- kins (in 9), Sam. Jennee (150), a house, and D. Goodwin (in 148). On the corner lot, I, there has been (perhaps 40 years) a three-storied brick building, having on the curve a granite front with pilasters, the whole used for business. At H is a narrow, three-storied brick house with a swell front. At E is a three-storied brick house with a broad front, and a porch with wooden pillars, towards the street. It was built early in the century by Matthew Bridge, who came from Lexing- ton (1785), and who left it (1814) to his daughter Sally, Mrs. Seth Knowles. After her. Gov. Edward Everett occupied it (1836-40), then Wm. Carlton, who owned it about thirty years, and since, J. W. Trull, and F. Childs. The southerly part of the lot, meanwhile, has been open ground, attached, and shaded by trees. At A B C was the large home estate of Mr. Bridge, long occupied by his daughter Alice, Mrs. Baker, and also one of the three handsomest old places in the lower part of the town. The ground, several feet higher than the street, was shaded by a few large trees, and most of it was covered by 9 130 HARVAKD, BOW, AEEOW STEEETS. grass, or a belt of flower-beds before the house — a half-square one of wood, with the front and a porch towards the Square. The interior was well finished in the style prevalent nearly a century ago. On a large part of the site there now are a court, and eight three-storied brick houses built by Moses A. Dow. The heirs of Abraham Snow inherited (1772) the estate 45 that he had owned for about 25 years, and his son Isaac appears to have held until the sheriff intervened (1790). Claim (151) was made for the estate of Abraham. Harris and Bates (292) claimed in the estate of his widow. Wooden houses erected here, and some vacant land, long in bad order, were (30?) years ago succeeded by three swell- front, three-storied, brick houses on Harvard St., and a plain-fronted brick house on Arrow St., and (about 1865 ?) on the southern part (E. Welch's) Moses A. Dow built the large three-storied brick house (with a garden at the side) in which he lived, and died (1886). Dr. Isaac Rand bought (1741) of John Newell a large lot (on Bow, Arrow, and Harvard), and appears to have left (1790) the part 46 to his daughter Margaret, wife of Nath' Austin. A portion of Dr. Rand's large claim (117) probably arose here. James Bkasiee (141) appears to have bought (1761) from the estate of E. Rand, the lot 47, and to have sold it in 1787. (He valued a dwelling in C. at £163. 6. 8.) Somewhere near here John Nuting (157) appears to have had his loss on buildings. He valued J a dwell- ing, "kitching at the back sid," £100. John Bateman seems to have bought 48 (1744) with a house, and S. CoNANT to have obtained it (1768), and loss here would be in the claim (215) of the latter. D. Goodwin (148) appears to have had 49, and to have sold it in 1787. Edw. Powers seems to have held 50 between 1771 and 1784, and to have claimed (164) for loss in 1775. lie had a house, barn, and shop, that he valued at £700. The lot passed to T. Harris (1787?) and was levied on by Woodward (1811) while (1811) Skinner & Hurd also levied on Harris on a small lot eastward. Bradish and Good- win (285) appear to have had a small loss hereabouts. The small block on Middlegate, Sow, and Arrow Streets. Mary Furz, widow of Hugh, who bought in 1741, claimed (153) for loss of personal but on no real, in 1775, and was at 51. Daniel Waters (152) who bought (1766) of heirs of Adam Waters lot 52, had two dwellings that he valued at £600. He sold in, or after, 1790. In 1790, Jas. Frothingham bought 53 (on three streets). Of it, A was bought (1756) by Jas. Bradish (152), B by him (1755), and C THE TOWN IN 1775. 131 (earlier, 1736?). He lost altogether 3 houses, 3 barns, and a black- Bmith shop. Jas., Jr., had a small claim (133) on personal. On the westerly side of Bow St., (at the upper part of the Plan) were (?) John Goodwin (145) with a small house and shop ; John Rand (146), and the estate of Thos. Eand (135). Joseph Lynde (127), who owned in several places, had land at or near the end of Washing- ton St. The Badger family had owned land at 54 reaching to the water, but on the street claims for loss on buildings were made by David Edmands, Jr. (139), on dwelling, and Richard Trow (140) end of a house. Joseph Lewis had owned 55, and Mary Lewis (160) and Sarah Lawrence (158) ^ dwelling, heirs, claimed for loss on buildings. Somewhere in this region Frances Lee, widow, claimed (159) for loss of a house bought in 1766, etc. James Brasier, who bought 56 in 1761, claimed (141) for loss (see No. 47), and Wm. Hunnewell, who bought 57 in 1750, claimed (163) for loss of a dwelling, four rooms on a floor, and outbuildings. (Wil- liam, the writer's grandfather, lived three miles away. See p. 86.) In regard to block 58 there is difficulty in naming the claimants. Mary Hutchinson, Mrs. Tuck, and W. Abrahams owned here not long before the war. Nathaniel Rand, ferryman, who had a loss (143) bought (1765) about midway in the block, and Thaddeus Mason (115) bought (1756) at the corner of the present Mason St. After the war the intricate operations of members of the Harris family extended to this area, as they did in several parts of its vicinity. (See p. xiv.) A great deal of block 58 belonged to T. Jenner (see 44), whose heirs sold (1771) a large, irregular lot. A, that went into the estate of D. Goodwin. Richard Devens (8) and David Wait (19, see Plan I., 6) also owned here. The land extending to the water, before the war ap- pears to have been occupied by wharves, a distillery, and their attend- ant business, and to have comprised the original lots of Johnson and Brigden (see Plan, 1638). The corner, B, passed to T. Harris, D. Austin (1795), and Isaac Warren, in whose estate it remained from 1802 to 1858. On it stood his house, similar to that of Mrs. Baker (44, A), and the two, personally well known to the writer, were the best of the older houses in this part of the town, The ground at B is now occupied by a three-storied brick building, and on the former garden stand two three-storied, swell-front, brick houses, years ago occupied by Geo. W. Warren and Col. T. Uphan}. At 60 was another Austin estate, held by John some years before the war, and (?) mortgaged by him in 1776. In 1824, Eben' lived here, and for considerable time later, '• in a one and a half story, yellow 132 MAIN, KEAE HENI.EY, STREET. [wooden] house " (G. and E.), that was removed to give place to the billiard-room of the "Waverley House. Lot 30, Plan I., adjoins, in the Square. From the earliest years (see Plan, 1638), Bow St. was lined by dwellings, at first scattered, and for many years closely placed. Be- tween Washington St. and the Square have lived many well-known families. Among them were Henry Jacques (in a wooden house at 55, now much altered) ; Mr. Goodrich (56, do.) ; Thos. O. Holden (two- storied brick house at 57) ; T. Harris (in a three-storied older brick house at 58) ; Joseph Hunnewell, and W. W. Whieldon (48, two do.) ; Thos. Marshall (in a three-storied wooden house at K) ; Gilman Colla- more (in an old three-storied brick house at 50) ; besides others men- tioned at 59. The street has, however, changed very much within recent years, and the back land, westward, is covered with railroad tracks and buildings belonging to the Eastern (B. and M.) Co. Plan III., beginning at the iV. ^. corner of Main and Henley Sis. The estate here (60*) has long been made prominent by a brick building, perhaps the largest of its date, and one of the oldest on the peninsula. Three stories high, with low, arched windows, and painted light gray relieved by red on the caps, bands, and cornice, it is still in very good order, and used, as chiefly from the first, for business. In the northerly end of the second story was the Union Library (1821-42), a sort of small 'Athenseum owned by shareholders (see p. 100). Here lived John and Abigail Stevens, the latter of whom claimed (122) £1,504. for losses on buildings, etc., and £75. personal property. In 1794 Caleb Swan, merchant, bought the estate (on which there seems then to have been a house), and (deed 134, p. 489) sold it (1800) for $6,000. to Joseph Hurd, with the brick store thereon, which for many years has been held by his family. Ann Bradish, close by here, re- ported her loss of ^ a house, and a large quantity of furniture, as did Alice, widow of Benj. Kettell. The next estate (61) " was the homestead of Richaed Foster, Esq.," who had a large mansion. His Heirs claimed (123) as already mentioned (pi. 10, 11). As farther described by deed (107, p. 480), the estate was sold to Caleb Swan (1792) together with a house "built since his [F.'s] decease." In 1810 Mr. Swan sold to John Skinner (deed 190, p. 198) who lived here nearly forty years, and who was for some time a prominent local business man (see pi. 15). The Swans were an important family, who ultimately went to New York. Benja- min Lincoln was one of the noblest business men of any family that THE TOWN IN 1775. 133 has lived in the town. Tall, white-haired, dignified, he was a model of courtesy as well as of Christian character, in which he was not surpassed by any one prominent in the town for years after the rebuilding, while in wealth he far surpassed perhaps every other. The old house is standing, a wooden one, facing, and close on, the sidewalk, three stories high (the upper one of them low), clapboarded, topped by a cornice with modillions, but in place of its original parlors having shops on the lower floor. Adjoining is (62) a four-storied, recent, wooden building, also with stores on the lower floor. On its site John White, who claimed (198) for loss in 1775, owned a house. He has been mentioned under (10). North of it is an estate (63), extending down " the lane to the Train- ing field," that was occupied by Capt. Ebenezee Kent, who claimed (194) on buildings, etc., burned £739. The building now here is similar to the last one described. Winthrop St. leads across the old Back, now Warren, St., to the Training field (a short distance to the right of Plan III.). On this part of Bach St., appear to have been Lydia Boylston (196), daughter of Richard (d. 1752), who had the " old part of his house ; " a portion of the loss of Jon. Bradish (estate of? 295); and (?) John Carter (206) a house two rooms on a floor, and Hoppin and Samson (77). On the East side (?) were Eliz. Reed & Co. (335), a dwelling, and (?) three owners numbered 293 and 294. A considerable part of the land around the Traininyfield was used for some sort of farming. Isaiah Edes had a lot of mowing ; there was a Dizer pasture ; Peter Edes owned on the northerly side, after- wards the site of the Almshouse, and now of Wallace Court, etc. Richard Devens had land, and Sam. Henley two lots. Losses here- abouts were claimed by Susanna Wallace (248) on the west corner of Winthrop and High Sts., who had two houses ; by Benj. Brown (247), Jacob Bueditt (246), a small dwelling ; and Thos. Harris (259), a house, barn, etc. Near the field were Sam. Townsend (254), dwelling, barn, etc. ; Wm. Calder (239), dwelling, barn, and shop ; and, on a lane to the Point, Moses Peck (256.) The largest loss was at the corner of Winthrop and Warren Sts., where there had been a distillery " over a hundred years " (G. & E., 1064) owned by Jas. Trumbull (1750-83), who had a large claim (243). He lost a man- sion house, and other buildings, and is mentioned on p. 125. Across the present Winthrop St., and at the corner of Main St., is one of the oldest wooden buildings now on it, square, three stories high (the upper one of them low), clapboarded, painted a dark olive, 134 MAIN TO PLEASANT STEEET. and capped by a cornice with modillions. The estate (64) was bought in 1757 (deed 55, p. 4) for £362. 13. 4d. by Nathan Adams, who claimed (193) in 1775 for a loss of £970. 10. 4d. on buildings. In 1783 he sold the land including a Boylston lot (196) for £300. to John Larkin. At the corner of the present Monument Avenue (opened here in 1867) stands another large square wooden house of three stories, higher than the preceding but not quite as old. Externally it is plainer; internally it was handsomely finished. For many years it was the well-known residence of John Hurd, but since his death it has been altered, and stores made on the ground floor. To this estate (65), as well as to the last three and next one. Leach (1780) gives no clue, and its transfers, bounds, and references, like those of 66, are somewhat perplexing in the latter part of the last century. This seems to have been the Lemmon property, divided (93, p. 379) be- tween Dr. Joseph and Mrs. Mary (Lemmon) Lynde, in 1759. He valued house and barn, fore street, where he lived, at £533. 6. 8. Here seem to have been the shop of Wm. Getjbb (228) who lost a dwelling, barn, and pump, and that of Isaiah Edes (42) valued by him £66. 13. 4. He also lost a house (at 79 ?). Tim? Austin (307) had hereabouts (?) a loss on personal. Subsequently the estate here seems to have passed to John Larkin. On the northerly corner of Monument Avenue is a narrow, three- story, brick house, with a store below, buUt since the Avenue was opened, and covering a remnant (66) of an estate now chiefly occupied by that street, and traced from John Cofran, who left it in 1836, bought (1807) of Mrs. Susanna Nutting (172, p. 469) to whom it was deeded (121, p. 250) as the "Lemon lot" (53 ft. 2 in. front) by Joseph Cordis (1796) an extensive dealer in real estate for years after 1781, mentioned under 109. Here, apparently, occurred some of the loss of EuTH Kettell (191) widow of Dea. Wm. (died, 1767), dwelling, bakehouse, store, barn, etc. She, with her children, sold (1788, deed 102, p. 157), a lot 23 ft. front, with site of a house, to John Larkin, and (1790) another lot, 20 ft. front, to Wm., son of the Dea., with the house he lived in. William sold (1797) this to Andrew Kettell (129, p. 483). In 1767 (Survey) Mr. Lemmons was 53-^- ft. from P. Edes (lot 84). The next two estates (67 and 68) are occupied in front by plain three-story brick buildings, with shops on the ground-floor and dwell- ings above. These, like quaint old wooden buildings that they replace, have long been owned by the family of Andrew Kettell. William THE TOWN IN 1775. 135 and Andee-w (324), sons of Ruth (191), had a small personal loss, and part of her large claim on buildings may have originated here. Without solving the perplexities in references to the next three estates (as to the last three) it may be sufficient to state that they are now occupied by not large wooden buildings, old or altered. A deed places at 69 T. Call ; the estate of Thomas (188) lost a house, barn, and shop. Lots 70 and 71 are marked by Leach D. and N. Rand. Deborah, a daughter of Joseph, inherited in 1769, and a claim (60) was made for his estate. Nathaniel (185) claimed (for a dwelling, shop, workhouse, and barn) ; and Abraham (350) for a shop, between this and the next lot, that he left "for the commity to prise as they think proper." According to Leach, a passage 12 ft. wide was on the site of Pleasant St., and north of it was "Newell's house "(72). In 1766 James Kettell, a tavern-keeper, sold Eliphalet Newell half a house, and the latter at his death (1813) had a corresponding piece of property. He claimed (184) for a loss of £480. on buildings, reporting a dwelling, bakehouse, and large barn on fore street. He also claimed for a dwelling and furniture on account of his mother, Abigail. The other half seems to have been owned in one of the Rand families, and the loss of it to form part of their claims. Here now stands a low three-storied wooden building, much altered, origin- ally the Warren Tavern, one of the first houses " erected after the conflagration. ... Its large sign, which swung from a high post, bore on either side a likeness of Gen. Jos. Warren in his Masonic insignia as Grand Master. Attached to the house was a large hall, called afterwards Warren Hall." (Thos. Hooper, Rec. K. Sol. Lodge, p. 77). Here the first Masonic lodge in the town was formed; here Dr. Bartlett delivered an oration (March 14, 1786), the first work printed in the town ; and hence went the procession to hear Dr. Morse's Eulogy on Geo. Washington. At 73 is another old, low, three-storied, and less altered wooden house on an estate marked " Hopping " by Leach (1780) ; but that Wm. Hoppin appears to have sold (1769) to Capt. John Hancock, who claimed (84) for buildings and personal £417., having stated his loss of a large dwelling, barn, small buildings, and personal, "valey at" £416. 14. 10. Just here, however, the List of Claims, as is unusual, follows the estates in order, and the estate of Wm. Hopping (183) shows an estimate of £180. on buildings (see Water St.) Widow Abigail Newell (296, a small lot of furniture) is said to have been next to him on Main St. 136 MAIN TO THOMPSON STREET. The next estate (74), marked " Badger " by Leach, was sold (1767) by Stephen to his son, Rev. Stephen, the missionary to the Natick Indians (see Bibliography), who claimed (182) for £120. on buildings (dwelling and bakehouse in Main St.) but no personal. The existing building here, in recent style, is of wood, four stories high, painted dark, and used for a store below and a house above. According to Leach, " Hutchinson " was at 75. By the List of Claims, Samuel (181) had a loss of £374. on real, and £114. 3s. on personal estate. He stated that the " house that I lived in, 5 rumes on the Lore floar," was worth £333. 6. 8, and that he had another house in Bow St. At the corner of Thompson St. (laid out in 1805) is an early three- storied wooden house, with its end close upon the street, having now stores on its lower floor, and on a former narrow garden or front area. This (76) was the estate of Hon. Benjamin Thompson, long an es- teemed and substantial citizen, and a member of the U. S. House of Representatives (1848-52). A portion of the land seems to have belonged with the preceding, and a portion to be that marked by Leach " S. Rand." Samuel Rand (180) stated a loss of a barn and J a dwelling. For some distance beyond this point, on this side of the street, Leach gives no clue, nor does he for a greater distance on the opposite, or westerly, side to which we turn. Beside a lane, at 77, is an estate (part of 106) bought (1773) by Capt. Eleazer Johnson (263) and sold by his executors (1808) to Susanna, wife of Capt. Eliphalet Newell, at whose death (1827) the building, since altered, now there, was described as a " brick house," 40 ft. front. It stands close on the street and was two stories high, but- the southerly half now has three stories. Here have lived Dr. Bemis (N. half). Dr. Bancroft, and before him Constantine F. Newell, a Greek who took that family name, and was one of the most attractive men in the society of the town at his time. Across the front of the next estate (78) stands a quaint, whitcj wooden house, two stories high, with a hipped roof, where for many years Catharine Carlton lived and had a millinery shop, in which she also had a circulating library, both familiarly known. The estate was held by W"? Austin (1821-42) who bought of Nancy Harding, whose father had it of the heirs of David Newell, who died in 1770, and whose widow. Mart, had a claim (44) in 1775 (here, or in Water St.) At the corner of Bow St. is an estate (79, reduced in breadth by widening that street), long held by Amos Tufts (deacon in the First THE TOWN IK 1775. 137 Church, 1804-39), and still partly occupied by his three-storied brick house, with an end on the street, and a narrow garden in front. He bought it in 1796, it having been previously held by Isaiah Edes, a part of whose claim (42) for losses in 1775 seems to have been here. (See also 65.) He reported a house "apprized when Grandfather died," £333. 6. 8, and "laid out on it," £100. Sarah, widow of Richard Kettell, lived near this corner, and lost a dwelling (£200). On the opposite corner (Main and Harvard) is an estate (80) nearly covered by a three-story building with walls of split stone and quoins of block stone brought from the Outer Brewster by Gen. Nathaniel Austin. He bought that island in 1799, and erected this landmark, that may properly be considered a monument of its white-haired builder, who was for a long while one of the most striking and fa- miliar figures among the townspeople, and who occupied a room here for many years. The writer does not know who owned here in 1775. Next stands (81, and partly on 82) a low and old three-storied wooden house, painted dark, but with a recent shop inserted. The land was occupied by Call (C.) and Burns (J.), the latter holding (after 1772) part of a house, 10 ft. on Main St., and both having claim 39 for loss in 1775. Hannah Burn reported ^ a dwelling on Main St., and part of a barn, at £106. 13. 4. Hannah, widow of C, had a small personal claim (40), but she reported loss of § of a dwelling, and a barn. (See 94.) Most of the larger lot adjoining (83) belonged to another Caleb Call, a baker (38), who reported a loss of a dwell- ing, bakehouse, barn, and store. His administrator sold (1785) 52 ft. frontage to Dr. Josiah Bartlett, who also bought (1791) the narrow strip on which was the end of a house. In his time he was one of the most prominent men of the town, not only professionally, but in Masonry, and in public afiairs. He delivered several addresses that were printed and are now scarce ; the earlier of them, indeed, are very rare ; the first has been mentioned (at 72). He died, and this estate was sold (1820) to Dr. "VV. J. "Walker, also a well known physician, who sold in 1846. His house, of brick, three stories high (the upper of them low) stood back from the street, and before it was an area on which grew two large trees. Though broad, the house was shallow. Since he left it, the area has been covered by a building, with a plain brick front, used for business. On 83 is a large, three-story, wooden building of considerable age, with stores on the ground-floor, occupied for many years, after 1819, by Benj. Haines and Geo. W. Little. The estate, that had belonged to Dea. Jon. Kettell, was bought (1764) by Dea. Sheppie Townsend, 138 MAIN ST., HUBD ESTATES. who claimed (37) for loss on real, but not on personal, in 1775, and from whom it passed to his son (1791), and from him (1793) to Dr. J. Bartlett. (There were a John Townsend, and John, Jr., who had small claims (36 and 344) for loss of personal property.) The large estate (84) composed of sundry old lots belonged, in part at least, to Thomas Fluckeb, a royalist, whose property was confis- cated by the State ; yet in his name there was a claim (32) of £450. loss on buUdings, etc. Rebecca Fowle (a daughter) and Elizabeth made out a claim for a house and barn. Joseph Hurd bought his estates (1785), in which the southerly part of 84 was apparently in- cluded. The northerly part appears to have belonged to Petee Edes, who claimed (35) £781. loss on buUdings, etc., but no personal, and who removed to Harvard (G. and E. 520), where he died in 1787. On the consolidated estate Mr. Hurd built (about 1795) the three- storied wooden house still standing, one of the very best ever on the street (see p. 88), and kept a large part of the ground for a lawn and garden, both also still (1887) preserved. Along the next four numbers on Plan III., Leach's memoranda are resumed. First comes (85) "Hukd," 34 ft. front. Benjamin, " leather dresser " (G. and E., 531), appears to have owned here for (perhaps 20 ?) years. He owned several estates, and claimed (28) £1,695. 7. 8d. on buildings, etc., but only £80. 11. lOd. on personal. His account of his losses (on four closely written pages) is the most detailed one that we have, and, with Capt. Henley's (10), supplies us with the best knowledge we have of a good house in the town before the war. His was a brick house, 57 X 20, " with a good Suller under the Whole house laid in Lime with Brantra Stones. Three arches under three Stacks of Chimneys, also an Arch under a flue oven for Ashes." On the lower story (8 ft. 2 in. " high in the Clear "), were a kitchen, with fireplace, iron oven, 3 windows (24 lights, 7 X 9), 3 doors (6 panels each), and outside door, all well painted ; also " 2 good keep- ing rooms," 3 doors in 1 and 2 in the other (6 panels each), 2 windows (24 lights, 7X9) in each room, with seats and four-leaved " Shet- ters " (3 panels each leaf), fireplaces "with good tiles and a good Con- neticut stone before each hearth,'' closets, and " each Room well painted and paper'd ; '' also a shop with a large window each side the door (3 leaves each), these and the door having "78 Squars 8 by 10," shutters, seat, etc., all well painted ; an entry from shop to kitchen, and one between the two keeping-rooms with a door having " 5 Squars of Glass above Head." "There was 3 stayer cases leading up my second storey " (that 8 ft. 2, clear). Front chamber, 4 windows THE TOWN IN 1775. 139 (24 " Squars," 7 X 9), shutters, doors, and fireplace as below, the whole painted Blue. Two other chambers similar, 3 and 2 windows, and two small chambers, all painted and papered. Two stairs to the third story, where there was a chamber 21 feet long ; over it a "cock-loft with a pitch Roof," and over other parts of the second story a " Garrett " with a " Gambrell roof, hipt'd at the front." All the roofs were double- boarded, and shingled. The yard beside the house was paved 10 ft. wide, and around the land, up the Hill, was a stone wall 7 ft. high. In the yard was a cistern (700 galls.) a pump, and a Breeches-maker's shop (12 X 10) plastered, and with 3 windows. Up the hill were a bam (25 X 15), and a work-house (30 X 14) with two stories and a cellar. An old, quaint house, of wood and brick, that stood here endwise on the street and faced a narrow area on which grew a large willow-tree, was for many years occupied by his grandson. Dr. J. Stearns Hurd, who was long well known in Charlestown society, as also was his ac- complished wife. A four-storied apartment-house of brick, with stores on the first floor and two metal bay-windows extending through the three stories above to the flat roof, has been built (1886-87) over this estate by Jos. Gahm. 86 and 87, marked by Leach "Boylston,'' 48 ft. front, appear to have been held by a family of that name after 1742, and to have been inherited (1807) by Thomas from his father, Richaed, who claimed (27) £774., stating the loss of a mansion, barn, "colehouse," and several minor buildings, but little on personal estate. In 1813 Joseph Hurd bought of Thomas, and sold (1813) a lot (86) to the Washington Hall Association. On it was erected the existing three- storied brick building occupied by S. Kidder & Co., and successors, druggists, a firm dating from 1804, and one of the very oldest and best known in the town. The association (50 shares subscribed by 34 per- sons, annual payment $5) had for some time on the 2d floor a reading- room, where (the writer has been told) there was a great deal of local gossip. A long note about the Hall is in the writer's Bibliography (p. 46). At 87 there is now an old, low, three-storied wooden building, with shops on the lower floor. A similar, but larger, building stands on 88. Somewhere here is the 20 ft. front marked by Leach "Austin." Maey, the name of the widow of Ebenezer, had a claim (21) for a loss of ^ end of a " duble house in fore street," and a blacksmith's shop back of it. She sold (1789?) a lot 22 ft. on the street, and 84 or 89 ft. N. W. on R. Boylston (G. and E., 30), that seems to fit upon number 87 of the plan. The present corner lot, 88, that must have included part of the exist- 140 MAIN ST.; TOWN HILL. ing Henley St., is assigned by Leach to "Foster." Capt. Isaac, who died in 1781, held a good deal of real estate, and claimed (24) for a mansion, barn, storehouse, and chocolate mill. He seems to have had this lot, which was sold (1800) by the heirs of his son Isaac, a distinguished physician, who died in 1782, and who had a claim (313) of £139 for apothecary's stock left in the house and stable. An estate with 17 ft. front, marked by Leach " Edes," must have been on the present Henley St. along with a part of 88. Huldah Edes, who had a lot with a house that corresponds (89), and that had been several years under mortgage, claimed (23) for loss in 1775. Dotted lines here on the plan show the site proposed (1780) for the meeting-house when the town was rebuilt, and, on the hill, other dotted lines show where it was built and stood (1783-1833), while full lines show the place of its brick successor (1833-87) described on page 53. At 90 is a small lot, for many years occupied by a barn in bad condi- tion, but now by two good brick houses built by Jos. Gahm. At the corner (on 84) Dea. John Frothingham owned a small barn. The outline at 91 shows the form of the old brick town-schoolhouse, re- placed (1847-8) by a larger brick edifice extending farther north, and of three stories, with granite trimmings. Here, or very near here, there appears to have been a schoolhouse from early times, one being mentioned in a deed in 1659, and here was probably one of the two schoolhouses burned, mentioned (466) among the losses in 1775. There is a similar reference to a county jail (1767). (G. and E., 206, not in index.) The scarcity of even any allusion to the definite site of the public buildings is remarkable ; that of the meeting-house is obtained from a private plan, the only authority known to the writer. Before 1795 the area 92 appears to have been Town land, some of it forming the yard of the county jail. In 1813, Jos. Hurd bought a considerable part, now occupied by a two-storied wooden building, old and quaint. At the back of the next lot (83) is an old brick building of two stories, for many years in poor condition, as also has been the rear of 82 and 81. On the wedge-shaped hloch along the other side of the northerly slope of the hill, th6 cross lines should perhaps be put a little farther towards Main St. At the point (93) there has been for a long time a small single-storied building of wood, used for one kind of business or an- other, and now extending northward only to the black line. James Bbadish bought this lot of the Town in 1732, and sold it to the Town in 1790, and part of his claim (132) for loss in 1775 (of blacksmith shop and stock) may have originated here. THE TOWN IN 1775. 141 At 94 a part of a house was bought by John Burn in 1772, while the other part remained occupied by the widow Hannah Call who. had a small loss (40) of personal estate. Call and Burns (39) had a claim (81) on Main St., and the § of a house and a barn may have been herp. Caleb Call, son of Thos., had 95, and claim 38 (dwelling, bake- house, barn, and store) may also have been in part based here. Here stands an old, low, three-storied wooden house, capped by a cornice with modillions, and arranged for two families. In the upper half lived Thos. B. Wyman, the genealogist. Northward is a small garden (partly on 94?), and southward are two two-storied wooden houses covering a former garden belonging to the old house. Richard Hcnnewell's estate covered 96 and 97, the former bought in 1738 and the latter in 1744, making a frontage of 114 feet. He claimed (137) for a house, shop, stock, and furniture in 1775, and sold the land in 1782. Here now stand four three-storied brick houses with swell fronts, and (across the north end) an old, two- storied wooden house, with a hipped roof. (The old homestead of the writer's grandfather was three miles out of town.) Ephraim Osbdrn appears to have bought 98 in 1746, and to have held it at the Revolution. He died (in 1783?) and his widow sold (1783) to Dea. David Goodwin. Claim (154) was made for the estate of Eph. Osbourn. John Center bought lot 99 in 1726, and M. Bridge (who came to town in 1785) sold it in 1793. The lot 100 reaching to Arrow St. belonged to B. Davis (in 1725?) and as a garden was sold (1765) by him to Seth Sweetser, who lost a dwelling and claimed (219), and whose heirs sold by 1795. Some part here seems to have passed to James Davis (son of B.), whose widow Sarah lost half a dwelling and claimed (156). On the hill at the corner of Arrow St. (parts of 99 and 100) was a garden, and, facing it, an old, white, wooden house, which, like the garden, was small but quaint and well kept. These three lots (98, 99, 100) are now occupied by three brick houses, three stories high, forming part of Moses A. Dow's large estate between here and Warren Avenue. At the north end of the block between Prescott St. and Bow {now Devens) St., 101 was bought (1701) by Stephen Kidder, and by his grandson John sold (1803) to J. C. Edmands. John inherited in 1770, and claimed (136) for a loss of a shop and end of a house. Jacob Rhodes had been taxed on property in town for many years before the Revolution. He and his son Jacob were shipwrights (see p. 127) ; the latter sold (1803) estate (102) to J. C. Edmands (57^ ft. 142 PKESCOTT AND BOW STS. on Middlegate St., and 49^ ft. on Bow St.). Here may have been a dwelling on which was part of their loss (284), one of half a dozen buildings that they owned. On this Edmands property are now a three-storied brick house (the upper story low), old, but painted and in good order, standing at the corner, and southward, a three-storied, recent, wooden house, painted a dark color. On 103 are now two similar houses. Richard Devens, who died in 1807, owned here (?) and a large lot between the two streets (100 ft. on Bow St.) forming a considerable part of the area (104) now occu- pied by the Harvard schoolhouse, a high, three-storied building of red brick, with pressed brick facings and granite trimmings, not in one of the old defined styles, yet with dignity, picturesqueness, and better effect than municipal art sometimes secures. Dedicated Feb. 22, 1872, it cost $130,285, and has room for about 800 scholars. (Plans and view in School Report, 1872.) At the southerly end of this area Nathaniel Phillips bought (1762-66) a house and land of the heirs of E. Dowse, and claimed (134) for a loss on a dwelling (2 rooms on a floor, and 2 chimneys), and a barn 24 X 18. On the north side of How St. 105 was bought (1756) of Isaac Johnson's administratrix by David Newell, whose widow Maet claimed (44). She is mentioned (78), and p. 127 (Water St.) Mary Wilcott (45), widow, claimed for a house. His heirs sold (1786) to Stephen Bruce, husband of his daughter. 106 was sold (1773) by Isaac Johnson's heirs to Mercy Wolcut, Walcot, or Willcut, and by her (1773) to Capt. Eleazer Johnson, who seems to have held it untU. his death (1807). It was a large p shaped lot reaching to Main St., the easterly arm of which formed 77 on this plan. 107 formed part of a large lot bought on mortgage (1772), with a house, bv Jonathan Fowle of Providence, and sold to Josiah Bartlett (1795), and by him (1795) to Capt. A. McNeil, who for some years dealt largely in real estate in the town, although he is said to have lived in New York (G. and E. p. 645). He sold (1798) this land (41 ft. on Bow St., and 118 ft. deep) to James Frothingham. Jon. Fowle claimed (161) for loss of £80. on a small house. On these three lots there now are wooden houses, except on the westerly part of 107 bought to protect St. John's Church, and occupied by its pictur- esque wooden chapel. On 108, another part of the Fowle lot, stands the church itself, described on page 59. THE TOWN IN 1775. 143 Plan IV. Main St., north of Thompson St., northeast side. The large estate 109, as a part of Katharine Phipps's garden, was sold (1752) to Jas. Gardner and others, and at once divided into irregular parts, he taking one of them, and D. Wyer and Jos. Rand the others. A claim (178) was made for his estate on account of losses on buildings of £600., but only £30. for personal. He had val- ued a house, barn, and workhouse, at £666. 8. 4. His administrator sold (1780) a considerable area to D. Wood, Jr., who traded in land in this neighborhood, and soon sold (1780) to Capt. Joseph Cordis, formerly a shipmaster and then a merchant. The latter also bought (1781) a lot hereabouts of Jos. Frothingham (who had claim 59) and (1801) mortgaged the house where he lived, and store, with land extending 135 ft. on Main St. and 116 ft. on Back St. Capt. Cordis, said Mr. Thos. Hooper, " was among the first in town to engage in mercantile pursuits on what was then considered a large scale." His house, now standing nearly opposite Union St., is a square, low, three- storied, wooden one, in the first story of which shops have been in- serted. Capt. Cordis owned land back to High St., and through it the street named after him was made in 1799. In the wars between France and England he, like others here, suffered badly, and probably on this account his death was hastened. From this house to the corner of Thompson St. are old brick buUdings of three stories, with stores below and dwellings above. In the one next Capt. Cordis's, S. C. Armstrong had his printing works (1810-11). Next northward for many years stood a low two-storied building extending from street to street and occupied for a grocery store by two well-known citizens, Wm. and Sam. Abbot. On its site is now a three-storied brick build- ing, with store below and dwellings above, owned by Mr. Klous. Hereabouts, also, stood the distillery of Wm. and David Wyer (1735- 52) that passed through mortgage to Gov. Jas. Bowdoin, and Isaac Rand, with complications it is not here necessary to consider. At 110, Anne (Rand), widow of John Ratnee, left (1774) a house valued at £1,500. to her children, who claimed for losses in 1775; Thomas (172), house, etc.; James (174), furniture (he lived in Dea. Cheever's house) ; and Ann (173), ^ a shop. Isaac (255) had an interest in the estate. In 1812, Ann, who ultimately inherited all, devised to Mary, wife of Geo. Bartlett. Here there is now a two- storied wooden building used for business, including for some forty years a store for lamps and gas-fixtures kept by L. F. Whitney, F. A. Titus, and G. S. Poole. Across a narrow alley (now closed) that extended from street to 144 MAIN ST.; craft's COKNER. street is (1887) a large, new, four-storied, wooden building with shops on the first floor, and forming (at the black line on the plan) a part of the south side of Thompson Square (another Boston " square " without a right angle to it). The old estates, however, extended (as shown by dotted hues) farther north. In 1702 N. Heaton bought HI and 112, and sold (1723) Jon. Eand, who sold (1725-26) the latter to E. Bennett, and he (1740) Jas. Hat. Jas. sold it (1765) to his son John, of whose large estate, and claim (74) for two houses, bakehouse (2 ovens), " shaise " house, etc., it appears to have formed a part. Jon. Rand held 111 until his death (1760), when his heirs sold half the house to his son, Rev. Nehemiah, who (?) claimed (175) for a mansion with 7 "smokes," a hatter's shop, and barn. His widow and administratrix sold (1765) the other part to his son Thomas, who claimed (176) for a house, workshop, and barn. Es- ther Rand, widow of Jon., another son, claimed (177) for furniture. From the first rebuilding in the town until recently, the house that stood at the corner, 113, was one of the most notable landmarks in the central parts of Charlestown. Its site is now wholly within the area of Thompson Square, and a post there bearing an electric light may be considered its monument. It was a long, narrow, wooden building of two stories, with a gable at the end, and a roof sloping towards each street. For many years Mrs. Mercy Boylston lived in the southerly end and upstairs, and on the first floor at the other end Ellas Crafts kept a druggist's store, and hence the place got the name of " Crafts' Corner." According to Mr. Cutter (Centennial Reminiscences, 1875), and information in the Hay family, the house was the first erected at the rebuilding of the town. As was the case with 112, this estate belonged to John Hat, and formed part of his claim (74). He had it (1763) of his father, who (1724-25) of Jon. Rand, who (1723)- of N. Heaton, who (1702) of Joseph Phipps. In 1802 John Hay left the estate to his son Wm., who died in 1813, and his daughter Mercy (Boylston), who lived until 1849. The block 109-113 appears to have been chiefly pasture early in the 18th century, garden about the middle of it, and at the Revolution somewhat closely built upon. Almost every foot of the land is now covered by a roof. The land to the east and north of Warren St., on Plan IV., ap- pears to have been chiefly pasture until about 1800. Cordis St. and Pleasant St. were opened through it in 1799, and better access was given to the former in 1805 by laying out Thompson St. From the existing passage to the Universalist meeting-house to THE TOWN IN 1775. 146 Green St., and along that to High St., and also bounded 164 ft. on the latter, was a lot of an acre and a half that John Hay bought (1752) of John Phillips, a sea-captain, son of Col. Judge John Phillips. It was described as Hay's pasture as late as 1791, when he sold Samuel Dexter one acre, the part on Green St. and High St., with 96 ft. front on Main St. This became the handsomest, and perhaps largest, early post-revolutionary place on the peninsula, and is described on p. 93. John Hat owned several lots of real estate, and claimed (74) for losses. Of him, Capt. J. Cordis (and others ?), Timothy Thompson had acquired after the Revolution, and by 1799, land from Cordis St. to 116, buying 114 in 1803, and 115 in 1799, both from the Hays. The latter and part of the former were sold by his heirs (1874) to the Five Cent Savings Bank. His old and low two-storied house with an end on the street, and a row of little, quaint, similar houses fronting the passage to the church, all of them painted a dingy white, were pulled down, and the existing bank building was erected, one of the largest and the handsomest business structures ever in the town. It is of brick, with a front of pale olive stone, and has a flat roof with a sharp pitch towards the streets, and large dormer windows. The style may perhaps be called eclectic Gothic. On the lower floor are three stores ; on the second are the rooms of the Savings Bank, the Monument Bank, and Charlestown Gas Co. Nowhere else in Boston will there now be found a group of three institutions that, in their respective departments of business, stand better. In the upper part of the building are the spacious and handsome quarters of King Solomon's Lodge. The portion of the Hay lands, 116, after being held about thirty years by the Stevens family, was used with the part of 117 on Main St. for Dexter Row, a block of six three-storied brick houses with areas and iron fences, and rather high granite basements in front, built 1836 and later, and occupied, 1, successively by S. Varney, N. A. Tufts, Mr. Damon, Dr. Bickford, and Dr. Blood; 2, by Hon. Benj. Thompson ; 3, by H. P. Fairbanks ; 4, by Daniel White ; 5, by J. Forster and his son Dr. E. J. Forster until recently; and 6, by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, D. D., until 1871. David Wood and his son David, Jr., owned a good deal of land north of Green St., most of it unimproved. In 1801 Oliver Holden bought a tract from the N. W. corner of 118 to Green St., and ex- tending up the hill. Wood St. was laid out (1801), and he sold (1802) to Jos. Reed the lot between it and the passage way north- ward. On the corner of Wood St. is a plain three-storied brick 10 146 MAIN ST., GREEN TO UNION ST. house, the upper story low, and, formerly, a shop half in the cellar at the end towards Main St. It was built before 1815, and in it and around it was Lynde's carriage factory, afterwards removed across Main St. Two three-storied brick houses, not as old, stand on the northerly part. More notable was the part of the lot at the corner of Green St. Here, after the war, stood the Indian Chief Tavern that had a variety of mortgages on it as well as landlords in it, until it was moved to the corner of Miller St. and replaced (1818-19) by the brick meeting-house of the Second Congregational Soc, or Harvard Church, now standing (1887), and described at page 56. David Wood seems to have acquired this estate (1763) from Jas. Roberts, who had it (1761) from Hannah (Sartell) Bacorn, who in- herited it as a part of a large estate hereabouts belonging to her family. On it, and on Green's lane, was a house occupied (1761) by widow Margaret Goodwin. There was also a barn from which Ameri- cans fired on the left of the British line in the latter part of the battle, and which was in consequence destroyed by a party from the 47th and Marines. Losses here in 1775 were probably claimed for by David Wood (130), who valued a dwelling, barn, 2 shops, and "shayhous," at £666. 13. 4 (see p. 149) ; "fensen stuf," £30. 13. 4; dwelling, barn, and "shayhous my son David in," £666. 13. 4; (here?) and " one pue in the meatinhous," £64. 5. 8. Other parts of the Sartell estate were bought by him (1740, 1753), and extended beyond the limits of Plan IV. On the westerly side of Main St. is the lot marked 120 that seems to have belonged to Eleazer Johnson. Claim 263 is in this name. 121 seems to have been held by Mrs. Abigail Bradish, inherited from her father, Eleazer Johnson (1768), and forming (?) a part of the claim (46) of her husband, Jonathan (a house, 3 rooms on a floor, lately thoroughly repaired?). This lot extended 157 ft. on the pres- ent Union St. The land forming the end of that, at 122, was sold (1769) by Abigail Carey to W. Harris, who claimed (49) for loss of a large new house, 36 X 21, three stories, and a kitchen 15 X 15, two stories; also for a barn, 26 X 18. On 120 and 121 stand three brick houses, three stories high, with sloping roofs, that were for many years occupied by E. Riddle, Henry Forster, and Dr. H. Lyon. John Austin had 123, and Timothy occupied, or owned the prem- ises. The former claimed (50) for a dwelling with four rooms on a floor. Not long after the war Jacob Forster bought this lot, and for many years it was occupied by him or his successors for a large fur- niture store, kept in a long, low, three-storied wooden building, 49 ft. on Main St., 106 ft. deep, and still here. THE TOWN IN 1775. 147 Dea. John Feothingham bought (1747) of the widow of W. Sweetser, lot 124, claimed (29) for loss in 1775, and sold in 1785. The lot changed hands often after that, being held by J. Lynde, J. Cordis, who sold (1798) J. Sivret, who (1799) to S. Brown. E. Larkin sold it (1802) to Artemas Ward, who (1810) to A.Adams, and he (1815) to E. Wheeler. On this site is an old, low, three- storied wooden house, with its end towards the street, and on a former garden a recent wooden building, both now with shops. Martha and Eliza Abrahams may have inherited 125 from their father Wm., after 1763, and have sold after the war. Elizabeth stated a loss of a " yard house " and furniture. Martha had a small claim (195) for personal, as had a Ralph (278), and Joanna, a widow (306). Richard Boylston, who levied on Wm., brother of M. and E. (1774), afterwards held it (1784-1807), and it was inherited by his son Wm., who died in 1836. On the S. part stands a two- storied brick house, built since his time, and now used for a restaurant. Wm. Barber, who lost a house, appears to have mortgaged 126 to T. Mason (1765), who came in possession (1781), and after whom Dr. A. R. Thompson bought (abt. 1807) and held or occupied it until his death (1866). His garden on a part of 125 was subsequently cov- ered by a wooden building one story high, with stores, and his three- storied white wooden house — the end of which was on the street, and the upper story low — was raised and shops were put under it. He was for half a century one of the most familiar and esteemed persons in the town ; and for nearly forty years the family physician in the home where these lines are written. The estate 127 on the corner of Austin St. seems to have belonged to John Codman, who claimed (391) for a dwelling near Capt. Bar- ber's (see 31). A two-storied wooden house with a hipped roof stood here from an early date, and was long occupied by Mrs. Draper. At present there is a large three-storied wooden building with a high roof, and with stores below and dwellings above. By the Survey, 1767, it was 93 feet " from Codman's House over to M' John Hay's Land " (lot 116). Here and beyond (?) for 226 ft. on the street. Leach (1780) has placed a few memoranda that are about as puzzling as helpful. Dr. Isaac Rand appears to have owned the land at the opposite N. E. corner of Austin St., and to have sold (1745, deeds 46, p. 312) lot 129, with a house, to Jas. Hay, who sold (1765) to his son John. He left it (1802) to children of Richard Hay, another son, who sold (1804) the corner lot to B. Gage (for many years an occupant). Loss 148 MAIN ST. TO MILLER ST. on a house (or two houses ?) here would be estimated in the claim (74) of John Hat. Dk. Rand appears to have continued to hold land through the war, and lost hereabouts a barn occupied by T. Rayner. Back of 129 and 130 was a piece of mowing land mortgaged (1767) by Ann to T. Rayner (deeds 66, p. 554). It was N. E. 64 ft. on Benj. Rand, 46 on Nich. Hopping; N. W. 296 on Eleazer Dowse; S. W. 77 on Jos. Lynde; S. E. 306 on Isaac Rand, with a 10 ft. passage to the "country road" (see 110). Nicholas Hopping (53), whose house in 1767 was, by the Survey, 53 feet from the corner of Hay's pasture (116), sold lot 130 in 1784. D. "Wood, Jr., bought (1768) lot 131, 50 ft. front, where, as his claim (131) was for fences, etc., there seems to have been no house (but perhaps end of a barn 20 ft. long). Eleazer Dowse mortgaged (1760, dis. 1770) to Dr. I. Rand, dwelling-house, shop, barn, etc., at 132, and claimed (54) £369. 10s. for loss in 1775, only £17. 10s. of which was for personal estate. He had valued a house in Main St. £266. 13. 4; a barn, workhouse, and smoke-house, £73. 6. 8. His son, Thomas Dowse, LL. D., born in 1771, collected (in Cambridgeport) one of the most superb and ex- tensive private libraries of English literature ever in N. E., that he gave to the Mass. Historical Society. Back of several lots just described was part of the large amount of land owned by Joseph Lynde, which included the site of the State Prison. He lost about ten buildings, and some of them may have been here. Beyond 132, and along the street northward, was 133, an extensive tract of land owned by Richard Miller (whose marsh was opposite D. Wood). He died in 1755 (see p. 128), and his heirs gave (1765) a general quitclaim to his son Richard, who seems to have held, and to have sold after the war to Jon. Chapman and others. A large part of lots 129 to 132, and of the Lynde and Miller land, is now occupied by wooden houses, most of them old. On Main St., at 129, are, however, two four-storied brick buildings with stores below and dwellings above, and also on Main St., and each side of Chapman St., a little beyond the end of Plan IV., is a block of three-storied brick houses set a few feet back from the street. They occupy the site of the Chapman distillery, a large, low building, that was for years dingy and unsavory. Three of the most notable places on this large area were (at the end of Plan IV.) the garden of S. Johnson, small but very fine, now covered by a shop ; the grass area in front of Dr. Cheever's house (next S.) with two of the noblest trees on private ground on the peninsula, cut down (1885) to make way also for a shop ; ^LAMiv: lTK.isI*la-n. e-vvU-T^ecL THE TOWN IN 1775. 149 -and the printing establishment of S. Etheridge, and of his son. The two houses, altered, still stand, of wood, with three low stories, and ends on the street ; but the building whence issued a large part of the volumes ever printed in town was burned over forty years ago. It stood at some distance back from the street, at 132-3, and was of brick and three stories high. Mr. Etheridge (Sr.) bought the estate, with a house, in 1806, and did a good deal of creditable work here, continued by his son (1810-17), but neither of them had the pecuniary success that their enterprise and skill deserved. (The G. and E., which is very imperfect in regard to the earlier printers in the town, mixes the father and son in a brief notice.) On Maiu St. the more closely occupied ground ended at 113 and 132 on Plan IV., and northward, except in three neighborhoods, there were only scattered houses. These groups and a few of the notable houses were successively as follows : — At the right, a little beyond the end of Plan IV., and opposite the Chapman estate just mentioned, is a square house, three stories high, the upper story low, and set a few feet back from the street. It is built of wood, and was arranged for, and much of the time occupied by, two families. Internally it was well and quaintly finished, but now it is much changed. According to Drake (S. A., Hist. Mansions, 1874, p. 19), this was the first house "erected in Charlestown after its destruction in 1775," — a statement repeated in the Memorial History of Boston (1880). In these accounts it is called the house, or mansion, of Thos. Edes, where Samuel F. B. Morse was born, to become one of the most distinguished natives of the town, renowned for his inventions, and remarkable for the honors he received. There is a report, traced to one of the oldest inhabitants, that this house was built about 1759, partly of oak grown on the hill close by, and that the British used it as a bakehouse during their occupation of the pe- ninsula, in evidence of which was a remarkably large hearth found under the floor of a back room by the present owner. Papers be- lonodng to another family and dated before the war are said to have been found at the same time under the floor of the second story. As shown already (p. 11), the house here before 1775 was probably not burned June 17th, but used by the British, and its destruction must have been later. Mr. Wood's own list of losses is given under 118. As he was a baker his services would be early in demand, and he may have speedily built, and have worked in the back part of his house, thus accounting for the hearth. Thos. Edes, a leather-dresser, who does not appear to have held real estate (G. and E., 322), mar- 150 MAIN ST. TO MILL VILLAGE. ried (1761) a daughter of D. Wood, who after his death married (1793) John Stanton. As Mrs. Stanton she bought the estate (1797) of the heirs of Wood, and held it until her death (1818). Farther north on Main St., and on this side (easterly), the houses seem to have been more separated. Opposite the shop of R. Miller (lot 133) was John Stone's estate, 68 ft. front, bought in 1766, in his claim (108), and sold by his wife (1795). Isaac Call (98), who married a daughter of Dea. John Frothingham, lost a shop. Isaac Kidder & Son bought (1774) adjoining Frothingham prop- erty and claimed (101) for a dwelling, as did Sam? (or more likely Jas.) Kenney (103), who had also a shop. He bought in this neigh- borhood (1767) and sold in 1787. John Stimpson also owned prop- erty originally Frothingham, but long in his family, and claimed (93) for a dwelling in " fore street." Next to him Mercy Frothingham claimed (300) for f of a house, a woodhouse, and furniture. On the other (westerly) side, at the corner of Miller St. (?), Ste- phen Pierce (106) held (1768 to 1800) a lot 157 ft. front, and 330 to 367 ft. deep. He lost a house, barn, and "furintur." Next him seems to have been John Chamberlain, who bought just before the war, and claimed (62) for a house new-shingled, with four lower rooms, one chamber, fine new sash windows, and a shop at the back. Thomas Wood claimed (66) the unusually large amount of £412. 10s. for loss on personal estate. He seems to have been a dealer in furniture, and had a large stock, including 43 desks, 23 tables, etc. His place was near the entrance to the old Burying- ground. Opposite it he had a pasture, and Benj. Wood a lot of mowing ground, and a small claim (52). Margaret Thomas, spinster, had a hard time hereabouts, buying (1773) on mortgage a house on Main St., claiming (63) for loss of it (1775), and having the mortgage foreclosed (1776) by Gov. Increase Sumner. Sarah Frothingham also hereabouts (?) had a claim (69) for loss of a house, and personal estate. Mill Village and Neighhorhood, This was a group of houses at and near the junction of Main, Mill, and Eden Sts. Approaching it from the south, there were several estates on the Westerly side of Main St. Abigail Frothingham (64), wife of Thos. (he died Dec, 1775), lost a house " in fore street," a barn, and a " joyner's " shop. Jonas Eaton (67) lost a house 40X21, and outhouse 25X18, covering-shop 20X18, bark-house 25X20, and a good mill with 9 " tanpats." Next was Maj. Benj. THE TOWN IN 1775. 151 Frothingham (68), who lived on the lot next north of the engine- house opposite Walker St., and who lost a dwelling, barn, and shop. At his house, built of course after the war, Gen. Washington made the only piivate call — the only call — that he ever made in Charles- town. All the three last-named losses included personal. The Froth- inghams held lands in this neighborhood from its settlement, owning nearly across the peninsula, and, until recent years, being here rep- resented by several families. Richard's great square wooden house, buUt after the war at the corner of Eden St., was prominent. Mrs. F. Hall still represents the family on their old ground, in a well- known and hospitable house, a brick one with a swell front and three stories. John Fenton, named in the Leach sketch, was some- where near here. Wm. Wyer claimed (210) for loss of the Cape Breton Tavern at the corner of Main St. and Mill St., the site of which he sold (1785) to B. and E. Mitchell. From the "main Road" a highway 25 feet wide led to the mills, that in some form stood from early to recent times. For losses here Wm. Pain claimed (72) £800., the value of eight buildings, — a large double dwelling, a barn 30 X 18, a mill-house with 2 gristmills, a store 60 X 24, a store 30 X 16, a fulling-mill with 3 pairs of stocks, a smoke-house, a wharf, and gates to the mUl pond. These buildings, or some of them, were not de- stroyed until Jan. 1776, and then by Americans as a necessity of war. Wm. Greene claimed (70) £120. for a house, cistern, and wharf, near them. On the easterly side of Main St., approaching from the south, Leach has marked successively, with the lengths of frontages on the street, " Jos. Frothingham " (60 ft.), who claimed (59) £358. for loss on buUdings; "J. Frothingham" (114ft.); "Colley"(?) (72ft.); "from Mr. Eaton [foot of p. 150} over to Galleys is 54 Feet" (Survey, 1767) ; Robert Calley was a schoolmaster in town for some years ; "J. Frothingham " (40 ft.), James claimed for a shop (142) ; " N. Froth- ingham" (97 ft.), Nathaniel claimed (96) £676. for losses on real estate; "Wm. Frothingham" (90 ft.) claimed (94) £436. for a house, shop, barn, and orchard. Furniture and a house were reported lost by Sam. Frothingham. The next lot is marked by Leach vacant ; the next " Edes," and the last he notes on the street, " Mallet's house," appears to have been Isaac Mallet's, "blacksmith" and "schoolmaster at the neck," who had considerable property and a claim (89) £558. Martha Mallet (90) had a small claim. In this region seems to have been Bethia, widow of Thos. Call, who stated a loss of a dwelling, barn, and outhouse. From the Mill Village 152 NECK VILLAGE AND NEIGHBOKHOOD. to the end of the neck by the main land the ground along Main St. was low, and much of it marshy, so that it was overflowed by high tides, thus accounting for an absence of houses on it for nearly half a mile. The Survey of 1767 mentions little except marshes, lands, and fences. Nech Village and Neighborhood. There was a group of estates and houses on the main land close to the narrow neck. Of the owners Abigail Williams (81) lost fur- niture ; John Hancock (84) a large dwelling, barn, and small build- ings (see 73); James Fosdick (part of 86) a dwelling "just without the Neck," and his fences and trees were damaged ; the estate of Jabez Whittemore (87), "innkeeper," who died in 1773, a house, barn, and store ; Wm. Lamson, who lost boats and other personal, and .Joseph Lamson, who had a large and comfortable estate, lost a dwelling with 3 stacks of chimneys, a shop, barn, etc. (He also had a wharf, and about a dozen acres of land, most of it cultivated.) Frances Lamson, for John, deceased, stated a loss of a house " with 5 smoaks," a shop, storehouse, and barn. Some of the Temple prop- erty (see next page) was close by, and apparently some of its large loss (416). At a short distance was the ferry to Maiden, and on the way to it was John Beacham (80), who lost a large dwelling with 14 rooms, a barn, "wearhouse," goldsmith shop, and sundry small buildings (Relief Ellery reported that the Continental forces took much fur- niture and clothing, owned by her, from his (?) house June 17) ; also Capt. Beal (82) £120. on real estate; Stephen Sweetser (83), "ferryman," who lost a house and barn; and Lydia Abbot (99) near the ferry, who had a house and shop. All these had per- sonal losses. Stephen Millee (395) lost chiefly trees, fences, etc. On the road to Medford was John Deland, who stated that he lost a house, barn, and woodhouse. As buildings included in these losses were much too far from the main town to catch fire from it, they were probably destroyed by the British " armed transport " stationed to rake the neck. The de- struction, probably from the same source, extended inland and along the road to Cambridge, that for some distance was near the water. In the Mass. Archives (138, p. 350) is a small leaf without date, place, or signature, but relating to this subject, with a statement of " The Number of Houses that was Exposed to an armed Vessel of a Hundred Tun Burden — Daniel Whittemore House ; Joseph Whitte- more; John Burdit; John Nickels, Eben' Pratt; Daniel Waters; THE TOWN IN 1775. 153 Benj? Blaney ; John Barrot ; EbenT Sargeant ; John Bucknam ; Aaron Bucknam ; Thomas Sargeant ; Stephen Pain ; Joseph Pain ; Widow Barrots; Number 15. — The Houses exposed to the Cannon on Bun- kerhill, John Beachams ; Stephen Greens ; Samuel Sweetzer ; Benjf Sprague ; EbenT Barrot ; Number 6. — and Twelve more houses Ex- posed to a Flooting Battery up our North River; 12 + 6 + 15 = 33 ; these thirty three Houses was Exposed to the Enemy Without it Being in our Power to hurt our Enemy." Apparently on Cambridge road were losses claimed by Maktha (404), Thomas (434), and John (437) Ireland, for crops, fences, "locos" and "Frute" trees; Jos. Phipps (424), who lost a dwelling, bakehouse adjoining, a barn, fences, trees, and crops ; John Deland, who lost a dwelling, barn, and woodhouse; Eunice Millee (428), whose house was damaged ; as were the trees, fences, etc., of Abra- ham Frost (430). Peleg Stearns (417) claimed for 2 houses, 2 barns, outhouses, and fences. Ebenezer Shed (407) stated the loss of his part of a "hows an barn an chear hows" (£140., besides £279. 3. 2. to crops, fences, etc.), April 19th, and with the same name (409) and date there is a long list of tools, crops, etc., lost; also "the wido abigal Sheds thirds" damaged in "apil," and "locest tres," small house, etc. James Miller (398), stated (G. and E., 669) to have been killed by the British April 19 (but whose list is dated Needham, Feb. 19th), lost £4. 12. by "the Regulars" April 19th, and £16. June 17th. Hereabouts seem to have been the large losses of Wm. Barker (51) (Barber?) ^^ 19th of June," a dwelling, "his house on the wharfe by the Ferry," etc., and of Mary barker, of furniture in her father's house. The estate of Sam. Kent (438) lost little but on trees, fences, etc., while (hereabouts ?) Jos. Whittemoee (233) lost a dwelling, a shop separate, a " warehouse with shed to pack fish in," furniture, etc., and Whittemore and Kettell (236) a dwelling where Jos. W. lived. At some distance inland, arose claims for the estate of Wm. Tufts (440), who died in 1773, chiefly on trees, fences, etc.; the small one of Peter Tufts (401); the much larger one of Peter Tufts, Jr. (399), that included £358. damages on lands (the second in amount of this sort, — £416., R. Temple, being the largest), and probably Sam. Tufts (420) similar, and also large. [David Tufts also pre- sented a claim for crops.] Joseph Teel reported damage to furniture, clothing, etc., part of it " done by our own people," in a " house on way leading into Temple's 154 TEN HILLS FAKM. farm." This last was the important historic estate called " The Ten- Hills Farm," that extended along Mystic River about half a mile be yond the Neck, and was open to fire from British guns brought up by water, as apparently they were. A descendant of Sir Purbeck Temple (G. and E., 938) of Co. Bucks, Eng., Robert Temple, held it and claimed (416) for losses in 1775, amounting to £965. 4s., none of which was on buUdings, and £260. on personal estate. This was the original country seat of Gov. J. Winthrop, whose heirs sold the farm (1677) to the widow of Peter Lidgett, merchant, of Boston. Her daughter married Lt.-Gov. Usher, of N. H., into whose posses- sion the farm seems to have passed after his wife's death (1698), for he mortgaged it (1707-10, etc.) described as "309 acres upland, 146 acres marsh." At his death it was estimated 500 acres, worth £10,000. From the Usher heirs it passed (1740) to Robt. Temple, and from him to his son (above), who, 1764-65, mortgaged it as 251^ acres. From the Temples it passed (1780) to N. Tracy, mer- chant, of Cambridge and Newburyport, and later (1785) it was mort- gaged to Hon. Thomas Russell, when there were about 300 acres, with buildings (deed 91, 408). In May, 1842, by a map (1 B. 48, deeds) the farm extended along the line of Medford from the river to Winter Hill road, and by these to a creek eastward. Subsequently the farm was occupied by Col. S. Jaques, an agriculturalist and sports- man, who kept his dogs, dressed somewhat in the quaint fashion of an English country squire, and, in a degree, followed his ways, and lived in a square, two-storied, wooden house, shaded by a few elms and standing conspicuously on one of the hills towards the river. His heirs mortgaged the farm (1852-58) when it was a remnant of 80 acres, 25 rods, all between the river and Medford turnpike. The whole place is now (1887) dismantled, as it has been for years, leav- ing it a dreary waste as the ending of the one early estate in the town resembling or suggesting an English gentleman's country seat. In the long list of claims there are a few that the writer has not placed, accurately or probably, as on the foregoing pages. These claims are of Nehemiah Noecross (13), a workshop, etc., £26. — Estate of Nath. Souther (121), a house with a kitchen, and a barn, £125. — Thomas Newell (209), a dwelling and a little furniture, £200. — Sam. Harris (232), dwelling and bakehouse, "which Cost me £186. 13. 4," claim £200. — T. Daylet (251), a dwelling, outr house, and " New finsing," also furniture, £87. (a claim seems not to have been allowed for his " beeing Cast away on account of not knowing TOWN LIST OP LOSSES, 1775. 155 Where for to Come to on the 6 day of Novemb. 1774"). — Estate of Thomas Dizaet (252) (list by widow Mary?), dwelling with 3 lower rooms, 2 chambers, 2 garretts, 2 stacks chimneys, a large barn, a little house, 50 trees bearing fruit, furniture, etc., £395. 3. 2, made in the claim £250. (B. Hill, near the Training field ?) — Jon. Cakey (286), dwelling and furniture, £80. — John Caeey (287), dwelling, work-house, timber, and furniture, £213. (Mardling St.?). — Sam, Preston (298), of Littleton, | of a house, and J of a house, £116. — Benj. Mieick (363), dwelling adjoining Jos. Hopkins, £10. (Fish St.?). Besides the claims that include buildings, nearly all of which have been located, there were many for personal property only, furniture, shop-stock, loss of trees, crops, fences, and other damage, most of which it would be hard to place. The object of the writer, after great labor, has been attained, — that of finding the arrangement and ex- tent of the town burned. Among the lists prepared by the individual sufferers there are names and buildings — especially parts of the latter — mentioned and not found on the list of the committee. Of these the writer finds un- certain the location of Sarah Call's ^ of a house ; John Harding's § of a dwelling, on Main St., with 3 rooms on a floor, 3 square cham- bers, and a garret ; Thos. Hender's house and furniture ; Eliz. Miller's dwelling (main st.) ; Sarah Miller's house and barn ; Thos. Powar's house ; some of Dr. Rand's houses ; Mary Rand's half house and barn ; Mary Smith's mansion, outhouse, and large shop ; Aaron Town- send's house, " which cost more than £80. ; " and Henry Sweetser's shop and tools. Claims for some of these may have been finally made under other names. TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, JUNE 17, 1775. A BOOK in MS., lettered Charlestown Archives, Vol. 59, among the records of the Town, bears a written title on its third page : " This Book contains, | an Estimate of the Loss | sustained, by the Inhabi- tants of I Charlestown | by the Destruction there of | June 17'^ Anno I Domini, | 1776." The first and fourth pages are blank, the second bears " R. Deven's " at the upper left corner, and the date shows an error of one year, as is found to be the case elsewhere in the records. At the top of the fifth page is the entry : " In the Committee ap- pointed by the Inhabitants of | Charlestown at their meeting in March 1776 to receive | and liquidate the Accounts of Losses said Inhabitants | have sustained by burning the Buildings in Charlestown | and other 156 TOWN LIST OP LOSSES, 1775. Ravages of the British Troops in said town." Also : " Voted, as the sense of this Committee, that in making | the Estimate above referred to, it will be expedient to | consider the losses in the following manner, viz; first, I The loss on Buildings the sum to be allowed for any | Build- ing to be so much as will make the Building as good | as it was imme- diately before its destruction. Secondly | the Damage done to Land, Trees and fences, Thirdly, the | loss in personal Estate." The lower third of this page is blank, and there are neither signa- tures, names of the Committee, place of meeting, nor date. On the next page the following list of losses begins. In order to determine the extent and plan of the town in 1775, the writer endeavored to place as nearly as he could, after much labor, each loss, or the home of each claimant, as this course was the only one by which a nearly satisfactory result could be obtained, and for reference the whole list is here printed (for the first time, it is thought). The Town meeting that acted in the matter was held " at Mr. Jere- miah Snow's, innholder, in Charlestown, March 6, 1776," without the peninsula, all within having been destroyed. The Committee con- sisted of the seven Selectmen : Nath! Gorham, Nath! Frothingham, Peter Tufts, Jr., Capt. Jno. Stanton, Stephen Miller, David Wood, Jr., and Tim? Tufts, to whom were added Richard Devens, Benj. Hurd, Thos. Wood, Peleg Stearns, John Larkin, and David Cheever. April 3, Capt. Nathan Adams, Eben' Breed, Capt. Isaac Foster, Nathl Brown, John Frothingham, and John Turner were also added. It was voted that any seven of the nineteen were to be a quorum, and that meetings should be held in Cambridge. The report was made and accepted May 16, 1776. Later meetings were held in "Mr. Swan's barn," and " at the house of Mrs. Anna Whittemore, innholder." Note of the ill-success of this and other efforts has already been made. The numbers 1 to 484, and the last column of references to places, are added to the original list by the writer for convenience. TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 157 IM tH CO -*^ <5 J3 do 6 odadcfeSda t- 6*t^ .y< rri iT-i rr{ in n3 S r/l Xi w CO 53 o MMMMM'OM'ecC! ■do OT((0-OOOOOOOOTtHi-IOO«00 S^-oodcoOicio^-fcococ^icioo-^cDtNooSoio^ooi— lo "rt ii|i-l'H T-(t-l rt.-H'-l ,-l.-l r-l'-lrH H (M03CMQ0CDC0CfiOl0'^»-Ht^CDClCDOt-(?Dl0C^»— ItHCOIOCN CDC0OQ0l>C0'^C00Sl--.-^OQ00l00 COCOQOlOt^C^Oi— I tM»H O i-(ci OJCOiHtO'^CDlOO CO T-lioio«ooiooc500 «i,_i T— (r-ti— ii— (i-HT-lr-l »— IrHrH »— I.— Ii— 1 t— li— (rH <>i rHCOi-HCOt-^i-icO'-l ^ Cftt* CNODCOC^*^ ■»*<(MO5b-00 ■dOO^O'^OO'^OOOt- iOmOi-HCDOicjOCOCOoioOCO 1 ,„ ^ _,_,_, _, O (35 Ol ■0 OctSc^'HHCOCOCOOIOCSCO * oJt-.«'OCO>-ll>--*t>-03(M lO OOO OOOt^iHOOOIO oc-i O'*'*eo>oooo6o OCD 0(>ic0050000lM (M t-ic^iOt>.COC^f-HCOi-H ™- . .do o i3| iO 03 § S cs'-'^ <="' o o ft c<3 -S a a •g .3 jd -5 j= ca !« -3 o -^ 5 S n a t^-^ ^^ a S g S ^ - cS O T3 i-((?JCC^l0<©l>Cl0C5O»— t FHrHi-lr-lr-lrHrHrHOlCICICNCI 158 TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. =" .3 • -§ te .3 . .- - ^^ <=* °> o I- -S « 2 .3 -§ ' .S d ■doo O«OTi(OT((OO00O'*OOOOO00^OO'*'!*«> too '" o O o jd.,,«)T-ID30J OS"-! I^' °0 O CO "««rtI>TOO So CI 00 m-aoooooooo 00 000 O-^OoOOOOO eo9 lOt-CDCOmcO^ .-lt> (M1>C1 lOOTf5O5 12 ...a... 'S..'^.-s. ......... CDt^CCOO»-^CJOOH5lOCDt>Q6o30i-HCICOTfHiOCDt^Ci6cio TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 159 • "-I CO M ° a '^ CO . O o o 13 d l> IQ,_,0000000 »-H r2 "^ "^ ^O 'T3 'O 'O 'O tH OS Ol > <:o j—i T— ( , 1 CM i|-l I— 1 1-H 1^ p<. 00 o o o OCOOO«OCOO-*i d o oo oooooooo d OTi? Tj5oddoddddd o d o O-^OO OCDOOO O^O-T^OOOOCOOO M< o dt^dd ddcodd iOTjHdwii>ddd'^dd t^ »o O O 00 to CO CO C^ i-H OCOlOrHfMOOOOCOinCO rHr-l ,-(C0*-Hf-HO5 tJIC^ 03 00 O la d d o d o d CO to (M rH O O O O (S o o o o d O 00 d d O 00 o d d d o o r(< •* o d d c<5 CO d o o o <6 o S o o O C5 o O TjH »o -^ o OJ t-l CO 0 CO (M rH 00 O n a pq t^i H a w -§ H ^ a fl g g o. "3 S ^ <^^ TJ n a OS C3 K J3 bc fl o ja 1-5 tH O tH -g Bt m -rJ O H a I .a so -7= m a -S 11 g fe tR ^ bp tiO g .« j3 TJ p. o d 3 i ca g .a .a bo to a a "S o g ra t, tH W fi( Pm c3 PL| o a H SI -3 r=! c3 ^^?^ O C3 160 TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. fk UJ ^ o 6 . ^ ■— o in • TJO o oooooooooooooooootooooocooooo ^^ ,—(,—17-11— I ,— I tH r-(T-H ca OT >nt-«)n CO fH ■H il n M q< o o o o o ooo oo ooo o CO 00 ocicirot-^ •Joqio irio t^cdo eo "H '-5 i-i C^ ■^ i-i rH OOO O O O O CO ■* 00 00000(Ot)<00 II "^ o ■* o o I- cq to 0«0'-l(N'*0500 lO CO O 03 b, oo CD tH 00 •— I t— -^ 00 »o^*■^colOoooo coco,— ICMCNrHiHrH 7-1 a ooo ci O CO tH CO CM (74 CO O) O O o o O CO o O CO "5 o d Ci 00 CD T^ lO CQ CO ^ OOOOOOOo-*IOOOOOO O tHO 'dic><0'Oc6'd''^'d>'0ci d cod OOOOOCDOOCOOOOOOO CI OOC^Ji— 'OCO^OG^CMi-HOlOCOO CO m,— l»-({MCOCJCOTiH -f^ CM'CO C4 ■'Si CO CO o CT CO o '03 g 60 ft 9 Oh O o rt a § ^ m — a c CI " o 1-5 rf _C-! a a ) c« c3 tU) bO a o 2 3 M^ O O — a [££ 6 ^ ^ J3 2 C€ ^ CQ t»^ ^ ;?; t2i h^ h^ o COt>Q0050i-HC^CC-^lOCDt^COOSO^HC')eOTtHtOC01--.OOa50 t^t-l>b-COGOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO>02050505050505050 TOWN LIST OP LOSSES, 1775. 161 o >o -3 "O -g ^ <^' 'O „ 3 • " /< te S '"' 3 05 • o (^ 5 • ^ . o" irf 1^ ^ o"« ° w2 d "=^ S a" W -S - -"" COCOOOOOt^O-^O O OOOOC3OOoC0C0OO"^OC0 1— l»-H r-( f— ti— I 1— li— li-Hi—t rH 1-1 C^ CO CO 1-t Oi Oi (M "<*iCDOi-ll>^ CQlOi— (W^WrHlOC^CM ^ cT T— 1 r-i 1— t tH t-n" o o o o o o o o CD u6 O O 00 o •* o o o o o o o o o o o oi 6 CO 1— t d oi d cc5 •* CO CO c^ c^ •* 1-5 cii r-l f-H CO oooooooo oo o 'o o d) o iS lo o d ddoodcddc^ ■^d CO ^ CO CO 1-1 CO 00 CO o d O lOOOOOOO •^oo d Ti!ddd'*dco cddoi r-t iH i-( d coddoicooid co-h5io rji w oicocNi>>io t-toica o 1* d CO o o o d d lo o d d 'iS CO d t^ OJ ^ CO to 0-* oooooo o •* o a oddcoco' d ci 1— t 1— ( 1— I dco ddi^dod o6 d OJOl OiiH i-)i-( 1—1 Ttt 00 CO o o6 o o o ^ o o d d d CO d d o o o o o d d) d S d ooooooooo-* ddddddddci CO 25 .-I "'^'^O100 o a a 13 ^ S" w £ -3 I "a s ^ CS c3 hi? CO 02 9 "3 s g > .s "o § ^ hS i-s CB fl M £ a fl 1 OS or J3 -a 1 cC a 0) t» O H (— ( w « -S fl o cc •« „ o 'S * m W <^ fi] S O » a e3 o 13 1>> i-(OlC0Tt(»0C0t^000iOi-(0)C0Tt1UDCDt--00C»OiH01C0ii*IV0C0t^ OOOOOOOOOi-li-li-l'-li-li-l'-li-li-liHOJOIOlOlOlOJOIOl 11 162 TOWN LIST OP LOSSES, 1775. =««5 . . . . . ^ >o S .^ tHCDcO *~* CD. tH C5.^^ fdcD OtHO^^IOOOOOOOoOoOOOOCDOOC^OC^O »— l*H»— I »— iT-j 1—1 tH I— IrHrH?— IrHr-t i— 1 t-H b»OO-^t^'jmi0OC0-^CDi0'^l^'l>.l>Ot^O»-HOOCDC0i-H050001CD-^i-IC0'<^ (MCJIOCNt-h CO 00i-ICOlM'-l(M 0)(M CO.-ICO'^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO wi o lo CO cc5 o Ti5 o oc^-^ociocDoooo^Oioio O00O->*lO 000000-*OOOOCO«>lMo-*0 ■So„- Ol-llOCO'* 000>0>OOC^OOOeO(MCOCO(Mloo ^« .... ... ^ c^HHOscoco coo{^J>ooa'd^c^osco■^co»oco^-coQOo Cfi J U3(MrtU5i-l „- . -d O O O O J I » O o O o O^g CD rt 00 O J 3 C)) Tti t^ CO o " C] 1-1 rH •a«o CO o o o O o o o o 00 o o o o o ■* o CO d o o © d o d d CO d o d d d CO d CO CO CO o o o Ol o o r-4 O CO T-( o CO o CO o o CO CO o § o CD CO CD CD Ol g ■ • • • ■ ^ a.... -5^ .g a '« . „ p cB I J -d -d II .&^ SJ I - § ° - ^ ^:S I ■ .Ji II i 5 -^.§§11SHJj^aa^|||||^|||So t- ^ ta o i-l o o „ u;> o CO &: <^OOOO00C0Ot>-OC0'«^00OOOOOO(M'^TiHO00OOO »H,— IfHi— 1 1— ( r-i»-it— 1 T-Hi— I ?— 11— I t— l»Ht— I I— 1 1— (i— i '-lOOOOOCDC^'<^l>-i-)QOCDCOCD005 C^OSOSOiira-^ CQO 0000 000 00000000000 0000 OSiooio t^Ot^ iOiOOTjHOOOoOCOCNTH OrJHOO OOOOOC0C0Ot>.O'©TtiC0OOC0OoOC0OOOrt Q) i-( OJ . CO «o -^ toirfTi5eoc5.H oa to.TjSco'ca- §'-'>? '-' r'^ tjO OOooO'.^IOO-^OO'^Oqo-^COCNOOCIO^tHCOO •3 w'-H COOOCDTi4t>iOOTiHCNo60Tj1COCDOO*'5ciocOCOCOT-H ■gf-H r4*-H»-lTH ,—1,— (t-H i— IrH^-H EH CDOOOOCOtHCOCOOOcOC-IMOt-i-^IOi— Ii-H'^CSOCDCOCO'H CftO CO(McOC^O t^GSl*^COO3,-HCOT-(00 CDIOO CDOCM (M-^>-IOJlO>0 -cMJ^to dcodocjw-* coded ftS . ... ... . . flO O OODOOOOOOOCCO-^OOOO 0(M ■'i'OOOO ■Soiidco dddc>ioood>craoTt<. oico cgo'^m '^ cii-l d>ooJcocodCTrHin©d.-ic6-^ ^^r "s^ndd CjjrH T-l »QTiHO« COC^*.^COrHCO(MT-tTH ^^ COOOI /-^ to-^. .oOO^o 00 0000 '^ 00 s»,_ , .. . ,, *a«domd «o ocoo '^ 005 §3 .^O OOoOrtl O OOOOO'.* Tj( O o ■^o og'„-dddddco d dddio co d d 03" d 1-3 oddodd d codcocd d Oi d d-^ P^Ci)GO^CMooCO<:0 CM lOCOcotM CD CO O COt^ > ti SO .2 . . . ^ . . . .a . 5 » ^s|^Sl1.l"l|§l^lggllg Itlgls d^ciTO-.^iodt^codd.-icicoHiodwoodd.-icico^ COCOCOa>COCOCOOOC0000500iOCi003C5C5C350000C> TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 165 CO CO P4CO CO !*■ c^ o "^ ^ "^ ^ ^ 6< 02 o 00 "-I S . '^ OiK 'd W o 10 OOOOOOO O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQO> a cS H a O O m a S Ah fi- a g r^ ej- Cl ^ O 1-5 ^^ ) d o m a o >-5 a, i-s >-i iO lis r^ 00 <3s o o o o o CM CM (M CM CJ .— ICMCOT*^10CDt^OOC50T-HOICOHHlC:)CDb-COOiO ^^ T-l — ^ ,— I rH — ^ ^^ .— I ^H CM Ol CM CI CI CI C?| C?I CI CI C^S CM(MIMIMIM(MCM(M(MCMCMCMIM(M(MCMCMC:i0 ClO (MCOOJOlOlS . P< . - " s .66 . 6 Oh Ph ■ . CO •OO OOOOOOOO-^OOOOOOOOOCOtJIOOOo 3 »c.icd'cocio62'^ crtCOOt>.b"-.!iH0 0101CCOCOOO-^CDo3oOOCD»-Ht^c60t:-CO ^W pcO i-((MC^OQ0.^050iO.-lr-lCDCDt>'lC03001>.COplO rH CO 00 iQ-^tOod-^^DOS OJ CO tH T-ITjiCO CO*-tt-* ooco-^oooo 00<^5CO T-( 00 oo ^s 1-H -^=« * lO CX) to aS'^o o o o o o o o o o o m3 "O o o o o o o o o o o ^1 "«2 o 00 o l-> I-. .* 1— t o o r^ o o Ol o (M T-t CD o O-l i-i ^ += -H> i^ a ^ « I. m (» 1-5 tn H I? <) O 4a O) a 3 ;2 a 2 .fl .a t8 -^ -t^ CD O 3i •s a < r- (S . ,.C3 1- ^ .a cs <^ .a atS s «= s » I § g I += o ^ n tH -H m a 1-5 PQ =3 :=! a s ^^ Sort ^H §- « -3 « E*> a " s a =* W S M »i3 TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 167 CD (U C<0 CO ^ CO "H 9 '-< P< w Ck CO -, iO a h ^^^-§ 1—1 ^ P^ O-^OOOOOtOOOOOOOOOOOOoC^IOaiOO^OOlM f-ti— I I— IrH I— ( r-i»-H t— ti— It— ji— ( OrHrMTjHTiilOOOOTlHOOt-Hcdc6cOCD05C0005'^'^»--5r-5oOCO O O O 06 O ■>% (U a> tl " <) p; M O !-5 S ^J! O CO W C"3 ^ o Id O '^ a cS ^ T3 O CO 1CNG^C10JC^(^1C^01|C'ICN(MCM O O 6 . fM L,p>- -C TS TS Ph i-H .jjOOOCOOCOOtH CO(MO O OOO'JlOtMCOOoooOO 'ofet;!£?'^''^"* coooo o oootoCTcoosTtHoJiooo Ci)05 OCOC5CIS.-t »0(MCO tH «?0(M.-lr-(,— (OCOCNOt-T-l °5 <^ '-I 7-1 rHi-H,-HraiHTHtH.-( ^ . -oO ° o o o o o Is O O •* CO I-l 1-1 o o O «5 OOOOOOOO lOirioooiocSo H cft Oi (M CO i-H r-l ■sl - • ft O O O tH o o o in CM 1> CD O OOcOOOOoOO o oojcioeoooo p 0-*TOCOCOlOOO o o M poO o o o • o o o o O in o O CO fflqjt,^ U5 CO 53 00 O o o o ■* ■* o o o o o ?o o o o o CO CO I— ( d d d d d t-H § o o CD tH CD CO d o CO d f— 1 i-f d o ?— ( d CD 0000000000000005 ^HCNCO-rtHiOCDt^OOC&Of-HfMCO-^lOCO OiOiC^OSOlOSOSOiOSOOOOOOO TOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 169 00 CO 00OOOtt>OOOO'*OCD(NOOOOO00OOOC0OOOO OCflOOrHOOcdcisiooOCOC^OO^iOOW5C^OO^OCDt>Io t-Ht— ti— t tHt-ItHt— (r-t »— I i— Ir-tiHr-* l0 05'IC>OOOOl0OOOC0OC0t^O •"l tH tH I-I I-I '*'o3'*co(>!oSS-*'-<nioriHcoocDCDcoii5oi ^i— I I— l-^ttlCQCO,— (^H i-liH X r4 iHi— I rH »-l o d ^ h ra 02 1-5 ■3 ? a "a a ce a ^ '^ en g & f^ fci -a 3 ■» pM -a ; g O N .in OOO-— <»— (i— )i— ti-Hi— (i— f.— It-Hi— 1CM(M(MC'l(M(Mo ri t^ «o oooooooooooooa)ooocooioooddd-^doJdM-*oOOO ^ ^.--;Tj;ddMdodcooia5i>:o;*;*£J^OM>-5comc^2 CD^ rt02>-ioj>-i'-i (N.-I t-ioira'-ii-ioco THr-ii-i .„^0 OO OOO O O «DOO o . ... sSi,idd >od CTod to 53 iMOo §5 tH rt,-l r-liH.-l.-H "-I "H ,oO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO CO lOOOCOOO 11 ^d ddjodd^ddddddd^ d jH^ob:dd la C8 o d o o d d o :;3 O S I ^ ■ ■ 'I' ■ '§ eq r1 rf K^ )ii "-* ^ -, ^ l^ fl C •"-• 3 ^ O ^lrad^-;cDddr-^o^co■■*lod^^<»dd^^(^^«;*lod^^c» COCOCOWC^COCQCOCOCOCOCOCOCQO^COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCCCO 1-5 r^ s is -s ■ ■ ■ ^ s J-- ^ li ■3 S S'g :g &»§ •g fc>g g TOWN LIST OP LOSSES, 1775. 171 PL, Q, fit d, ooooootooooooTjfoocotO'^oootomcjooo-^o »— < T— I T-if— ( T— It— I fHf-HT— (r-1 i—ltH T— 1 r-tiHt—t CO t'-rHt-IOlcO (71 tH r-li-fO=0OOOOO-*OO(30«0"*43^oa3!^3c6(^30t6l^-(^jOl^^(»0(i^-l^ THfHrHiHt-( ,— irHrHi— ) »H cH iaic010l0TjirH(?^O ea t- 'H(M(m (M i-l rH^nlMlM r-l (Mi- iH(MrHiH o C5 o o o o o o M ^ a ca •i-( • flj d p-^d ja ■ • ^ o > " =^ Is a o^01-^{^i(^^THl(S(»^--(x5o^<:r^r^elcoTJ^locot^Qoo50^--^f^i(^6H^>o iocomcDa303CDcocD«oa5i^r-t--t-t-i^i-l^t,t^aDoor^o^^ocoodl>oo■^^(^i(^icjloa^o5T^^lOl>;coooo' f— li— li— li— If— ( »— It— IT-H*— (r-1 r-1 t^'*C^'o6o!l>;i>;t^(ji(NOb^l>Ir^COO>o6oi'c6tDC>CD CjI i-ft^i-. 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" fH CO ■a o o o o O g a" »• d d d d d i-'^ . . . . . tj5 »n o o o »> m cjj o CO o o O CM CO o 00 o r-l d 00 CO •* CM § o o O o o 00 o d d ■* in CO d 00 g o o d d CO CM CM l> CO rH o d CM CO o d r!5 !a ;=!is'3oOocsoo-SSc3M®-S«q".S-S''=5-Oc3m.^ co^^coa50*-^c^co•^lC^o^•lcoo5C>rHOlo^^lOCD^-IcidolO OOXJCOCOOiOSOiOlOiOiOSGiOSOSOOOOOOOOOOT— f XOWN LIST OF LOSSES, 1775. 173 Pits CO CO "-I tH A ■ O P^ O OOO OOOOtHOOOOOOOoOC^OOOOOOOOOO 060 OQ6rli'^lQOi01>C0OOOOG^"^'^»HO'^C0t-HoOO rH t— 11— t »-Hi— lT-( »— lr-(r-H»-H t-O 00 iH<0t-KimC0l[5C0'0O"*lr-( 0(Mi-l iHi-l'^i-l o o O O CO -di o «3 o c5 o o o o O to (N •* rH rH "-I <-! o 00 Ti5 O rH O rH O CO CD ^ o o O CO O o o o ■* ■* O O (N o rH r-< rH 10 05 oi irj O rH rH (N f-" o <6 00 rH to rH rH rH Ti5 W ■* ^ 00 ooooooooooooo (mooo o 000 tho oa3'*'55oc5oJi>oJcDOoc^ TjiorHo o 000 C^;S^ SrH050rJ10lOlOtOCO«0«>CO ^10 CO rHPCMCOcQCIiOrH -^ — t* CO CM O O o o o «o CO CO CO (M CO rH CO rH CO •* rH CO 1-1 o o o W 13 i ni ni H ,a =1 s CW tS ^ -3 !3 Ph 02 -0 M B ,2 "^ m Ph Ph H -2 o M O ffi (H 00 - c3 o o o a> [^ ca Qi Q_, CO K CC fiH fq ^ ^ (-l ,_, F^ f3 PI CO |T^ jq cc H CD U 03 ."H -w IS a cS cu a >^ ^ en 3 2^ -a M 5 a S -S S ^ S S ^ o ^ o ^ CO Ci O rH 10 CD i>. 1-H 1— I t— ( r-t ^H ^H ^H Tjl COOSOi-IOimTtllOOb-OOOSOrHCMCO'^lOCD T-H i-H CN (M CI (M (M J O CO CD o (M m oj t^ o cscn 00 CI3 lo 00 1-1 c^ "o lO S V u MO ■ao «3 « o o d 6 (TJ d CO CO 1 1 ^o h3 CO CO o f-f is T— I • u -*H c3 • u (N O OS gj in r=i crttB !a"3 1 i^> O f 1 CO ■s| d-r « fi a 1(5 o CO o m -J^ 1 C+j M s 13 1 p< M d rt ^ ;— ] ^^ go c3 t^ ^^ r-T lO »o ^ d •^ t-H d 1 '^ ce =+« »H -r o ' +3 CJ o ■^ 00 § a; m CO o ^ " CD o '^ d . 1 i Sr'S ^^ S",; •dO O o o £| md d d d ■S* T-H ■* 11 d d 1-^ d 1 qjt- 00 00 00 i-H f— i ,— ■ ■do o o o oo ■* so o a ^d d d d d CO '3 «2 «3 lO § d o o r-T CQ o J5 ■ — ( CO CO lO • ■-1 a CO f^ is • d 1 -1^ CI -S o C3 • CO =^ i f3 60 03 .2 |S 1— t m H CO 3 *-+3 ^^ 1 "a O B <1 O o -i-i o 3 i c o o a> o M CJ J5 -D ra S o >-* C3 I O (M . ^ 12 - CO cu =rt !o ^ p-J CO i^ o d g =fi o ^-^ *^ CD 60 n ^j I CD r^ CD rt _" o o co_ t— ( 1—1 c** Ph o o ^ CO f.-^ <^ j::^ e:; s s o ►«: J3 -is ^ — : a; o 1 M o ,J3 ^ ! Q "o C8 .W P3 I T-H . Nov^ 14"". 1791. January 9"". June 12«h. Dec. IS'". 1792. Jany 8. Feb^ 12'h. April 7"'. May 13. June 10*. Voted to re- ceive these persons into ■w* the Chh. Sarah Kettell, Widow. Lemuel Shephard, excommunicated Aug^ 1816, & Henrietta Shephard, his Wife. Catharine Rayner, Widow. Total No. 10. Males, 4 ; Females, 6. Anne Whitteniore (fiuce Mrs. Swan). Elisabeth Lam/on. David Wood, Jr., his Wife, Margaret Wood, & their daughter, Peggy Wood (fince Mrs. Dean). DismifsedSt reccommended to the Chh. in Exeter, July 13, 1811. Phebe Dexter, wife of Nathan Dexter. Susan Bayard Bree/e, Daughter of Sam'' Breese, Esq., of Shrewsbury, N. Jersey. Dismissed to y^ chh. in Sackett's Har- bor, at her request, Aug. 7, 1817. (Since Mrs. Snowden.) Hannah Mallet, Wife of Isaac Mallet. Elisabeth Biipliam, Widow. Joanna Swan, admitted at her Father's house on acc't of sicknefs. Chh. Membeks. Polly Kettell. Sukey Manning- Sarah Harris (widow). Margaret Center, wife of Cotton Center. Mary Hadley, Wife of Moses Hadley. Total, 15. Males, 1; Females, 14. Lois Woodward, Wife of Sam'.' Woodward. Ann Dowse, Wife of Nath'.' Dowse. Mary Hays, since Mrs. Boylston, died Jau^ 2, '49. [Note by AV. I. B.] Nancy Coggswell. Aaron Putnam, ) Husband Rebecca Putnam, ) & AVife. Sally Putnam, Sister, fellowship and communion at Charlestown. Kettell. V Shephard. Rayner. Whittemore. Lamfon. July 8'^ Aug*. 12"'. 1793. Jans' 13"'. Difmifsed from, & reccommend by, the chh. at Medford under the Pastoral care of Mr. D. Osgood. Amos Tufts, ? Husband Deborah Tufts, S & Wife. Total, 9. Males, 2 ; Females, 7. Rebecca Eurdit, now Mrs. Barker. Wood. Dexter. Breese. Mallet. Bispham. Swan. [301] Kettell. Manning. Harris. Center. Hadley. Woodward. Dowse. Hays. Cogswell. Putnam. ■ Tufts. Burdit. ADMISSIONS, FULL COMMUNION. 195 Gt-ace Hurd, dismifsed to 2d. chh.i Hard. 27. Hepzibah Mansir, Wife of Saml Mansir, ad- \ mitted at her own house on acc^ of Sicknefs. I Mansir. Feb. 10"". Abigail Bulinan, Wife of Matthew Butman. Butraan. May 12. David Barker. Barker. June 9*. Rhoda Hooper, Wife of Thomas Hooper. Hooper. Polly Harrington (since Mrs. Duncklee (?). Harrington- dismifsed to Polly Hurd, } Daughters of Benj? Hurd & ) Hurd. 2d. chh. in Hannah Hurd, j since Mrs. Skinner.^ Wife. > Charlestown.i 1793. Chh. Members. [302] July 14"". Mary Fosdick, Wife of David Fosdick. Nov. Fosdick. 10, 1808 Dismifsed. Oct. 18. Catharine Slimpson, Wife of Wrtt. Stimpson. Stimpson. TAoma^ £rown, & Wife, J Belonging to the"] Hannah Brown, ) 1=' and 2^ Chh's in I Reading — Dismifsed from & reccommended > Brown, by s>i Chh's & admitted to the Chh. in j Charlestown. J Nov. 10*. Susannah Richardson. Richardson. 1794. Total, 14. Males, 2 ; Females, 12. Jan^ 5. jlnraifidc/ej-. Widow of Isaac Kidder, deceased^ (reccommended from Brattle ftreet chh. r Kidder. Boston). ' Phebe Sweeiser, Widow of Henry P. Sweetser, ■) deceased. Member of the Chh. in Maiden, i- Sweetsel'. Difmifsed & recommended by s4 Chh. ) Mar. g*. Sally Farnsworth, Wife of Jacob Famf worth. Farnsworth. Marcy Edmunds, Wife of David Edmunds, Jr. Edmunds. April 13. Timothy Walker, & his Wife, > members of y= Abigail Walker. S Chh. inMedford — dismifsed & recommended by s'' chh. Mar. 23, 1794. Dismifsed Mar., 1817. May ll*. Elisabeth Stevens, Widow of W™ W. Stevens. Stevens. Lydia Dunklee, Wife of John P. Dunklee, ■> & her Sister, C dunklee. Sarah Mead, died June, 1794. ) ^®^"^- Members of y« Chh. in Medford ; Difmif^ & reccommended by s" Chh. May 4, 1794. July 13. lluthy Payson, Wife of Phillips Payson. Payson. 1 May 7, 1818, the First Church "Voted, That the connection of the Sisters above named, with this Chh. be at their request, dissolved — this dissolution to take place when they shall he united with any other Chh. — & that they be de- clared to be in regular & good standing in this Chh." This was the usual form of vote under which members went to the 2d church. MValker. Walter Moor, ' Pliny Moor, , 196 EECOEDS OP THE riBST CHUECH. Aug' 10. Nehemiah Holden, & Wife, ) Members of y« Elisabeth Holden. ) Chh. at Pepperell, — difmifsed & recommended by s* Chh. July 31, 1794. Total, 12. Males, 2 ; Females, 10. 1795. / member of y" 2* Chh. in July 12. Abigail Kimball, J Boston, difmifsed & recom- ( mended by U'. Lathrop. Sally Becham of Maiden, now Mrs. Gardner. Nov. 8. Joanna Lampson, Wife of Amos Lampson. Nov. 10, 1808, Difmifsed. Mary Paine. Ann Hay (widow of Rich* Hay, now Mrs. Bailey). • Brothers, children of Wm. & ■\ '. Hannah Moor (Union in Con- > . necticut). ) 1795. Church Members. Dec. 13. Esther Frolhingham,* \ Dismifsed to y^ Chh. at Sally Frotliingham,-\ i Dartmouth, Jan?, 1808. (* Since Mrs. Emerson.) (f Since Mrs. Sweetser.) Daughters of Benj. Frothingham. Elisabeth Fe/senden. Oliver Brown. Dismissed to the Chh. in Kingston. 1796. Total 11. 8 Females. March 13. Joshua Hooper. Excommunicated Aug., 1816, April 10. Jonathan Call, & Wife, } } Sarah Call [died Jan)" i 15, '49 [W. I. B.]. I May 8. Hannah Frothingham, D. of Benj"? Frothingham. June 12. Andrew Woodbury Duty, kWiie, > Mary Duty, now Mrs. Richardson. > Difmifsed. Salhj Munroe, since Mrs. Phillips, excommuni- cated Aug., 1816. Aug' 14"". Abial Larkin, Wife of Saml Larkin. Sep. 11. Samuel Swan, fen''. Oct. 9. Elisabeth Taylor, Wife of W-? Taylor. 1797. Total, 10. 6 females. Mar. 12. Rebecca Turner, Wife of Barnabas Turner, died Dec. 31, 1851, se. 90yrs. [noteby W. I. B.]. Aug' 13. Elizabeth Miller, Wife of Dr. Tho's Miller, dis- mifsed from & recommended by the O. S. Chh. Boston. Nov. 12. Esther Carter, Wife of John Carter, Jun^ 1798. Excommunicated Aug., 1816. Mar. 11. Ann Redwood Rhodes, Wife of Dan'. Rhodes. Dismifsed to Old South. Rulliy Wilhelmina Barrel, now Mrs. Snow. Holden. Kimball. Becham. Lampson. Paine. Hay. Moor. [303] Frothingham. Fefsenden. Brown. Hooper. Call. Frothingham. Duty. Munroe. Larkin. Swan. Taylor. Turner. Miller. Carter. Rhodes. Barrel. ADMISSIONS, FULL COMMUNION. 197 ichh. Dismifsed from the Chh. in Lynnfield & recommended to the Chh. in 1799. Chh. Members. FebJ- 10. Polly Hooper. May 12. Joseph Parker, & his Wife, \ Dis. to Methodist Margaret Parker. Aug'. 11. Joseph Brown, & his wife, Mary Brown ; Nicholas Brown, & his wife, Maheiabel Brown. Chariestown, July 15, 1799, & rec* by vote of y=Chh. Aug. 11, 1799. 1800. James Frothingham, & Wife, JanT 12. Sarah Frothingham. Dismifsed Oct. 7"", 1803, at her request. April 13. Hannah Hopkins. June 8. William Wiley, & his Wife, ) Dismifsed from the Hannah Wiley. ) Chh. in Reading, & recommended to the Chh. in Chariestown, & rec* by Vote of the Chh. [304] July 12. Nov. 9. 1801, Jan? 11. Sarah Clarke (Widow). Susannah Wallace, Do Feb. 8. Mar. 8. April 12. May 10. June 14. July 5. 1801. July 12'". 26. Aug. 9. Oct. 11. Joseph Brown, & Wife, \ Difmifsed from the Sarah Brown. ) Chh. at Lynnfield, & recommended to the Chh. at Chariestown, Oct. 2, 1800, & rec"! by vote of y« Chh. Jan. 11, 1801. Sally Wood, now Mrs. Stone. Dismissed. John Austin, } Hannah Austin, > since Mrs. Treddwell. David Vose, at Hampden, Maine. Sally Rii/sell, } dismifsed March, 1817. Mary Rufsell. ) Rebecca Henley, since Mrs. Soley. Elisabeth Soley, Wife of Sam'. Soley. Catharine Henley. Ann Jones, Wife of Eben^ Jones. Church Members. Thomas Cotton Hayward, } Husband & Wife. Elisabeth Haytoard.* J Members of the Chh's in Pom fret & Brooklyn (Con.) ; dif- mifed from & recommended by s'* Chh's to the Chh. in Chariestown. * Difmifsed June, 1812, to Rev. Mr. Channing's chh. Sarah Newhall, Wife of Naphtali Newhall. Mary Bradstreet. Hannah Adams, Wife of Nathan Adams, died Jan? 26, 1842. [W. I. B.] Hooper. Parker. Brown. Frothingham. Hopkins. Wiley. Clarke. Wallace. Brown. Wood. Austin. Vose. Rufsell. Henley. Soley. Henley. Jones. Hayward. [305] Newhall. Bradstreet. Adams. 198 KECOKDS OP THE FIRST CHUECH. Oct. 16. 1802. May 9. Aug. 8. Nov. 14. Dee. 12. 1803. Jany 9. Feb. 13. Mar. 13. 1803. Apr. 10. Sep^ 11. Oct. 9. Nov. 13. 1804. Jan. 8. Mar. 11. April 8. Giles Alexander, j Eunice Rand, Widow. Susannah Williams, Wife of Isaac (uov? Haven). Mary Fosdich, daughter of David Fosdick, dismifsed at her request Aug. 11, 1803. \ Member of Dr. Lathrop's ) Chh. Boston — recommended & admitted, & fince excommunicated [Apr. 7, 1814]. Amos Haggeit, dismifsed at his request, 180.5. James Warren, & his wife, Anne Warren. Susannah Kettell, the wife, & Susannah Kettell, the daughter of Andrew. Mary Haswell, wife of Capt. Robert Haswell Sarah Thompson, widow, now Mrs. Jenkins. Ann Cabot Lowell, Sarah Champney Lowell, Susanna Lowell, now fMrs. S. Gorham. Elisabeth Cutts Lowell, J now ISIrs. Dutton. Sarah Rufsell, now Mrs. Sullivan [" deranged " in pencil] . Daniel Leman, & his wife, \ Dismifsed to the Margarett Leman. ) Baptist Chh. Hannah Manning. Sarah Millar. Jonathan Nicholls (negro). Church Members. Hannah Sweetser, Wife of Caleb Sweetsef. Abigail Brazier. Difmifsed at her request. Ebenezer Rochwood. Difmifed at his request to Rev. Mr. Channing's Chh. Nov. 9, 1809. Eleazer Howard. Ruth Parker (widow of Daniel Parker. Sabra LapTiam., widow. Abigail Rand, Do. John Murray, difmifed at his request, 1805. Elias Phinney, dismifsed to the Chh. at Thomastown (Me.), Feb? 12, 1808. Since returned & dismifsed ag" May 8, 1817. Enoch Hunt. Ashnr Adams. Dismissed to Park Street Church, Boston. [W. Fay.] Isaac Warren, & his Wife, ) From the chh. in Elisabeth Warren. ) Medford. Polly Goodwin, Wife of John Goodwin. Catharine Goodwin, Wife of Edward Goodwin, dismifsed at her request. Rand. Williams. Fosdick. Alexander. Haggett. Warren. Kettell. Haswell. Thompson. Lowell. Rufsell. Leman. Manning. Millar. Nicholls. [306] Sweetser. Brazier. Rockwood. Howard. Parker. Lapham. Rand. Murray. Phinney. Hunt. Adams. Warren. Goodwin. Goodwin. ADMISSIONS, FULL COMMUNION. 199 Hannah Hurd, \ Dismifs'd to the Chh. in Ports. Ruth Hurd, y Childrea of Joseph Hurd. May 13. Mahelabel Raymond, Wife of Bart^ Raymond. Hannah Center, Wife of Rowland Center. Thomas Boylston. Samuel Etheridge, & Wife, ) Lydia Etheridge. > Francis Hyde, & Wife, ) Dismifsed to a Church Mahetdbel Hyde. ) in Baltimore. Joseph Reed, & Wife, > Elisabeth Reed. Dis ) missed to the Hanover chh. Boston. ilfaH7iew throp chh. March 7, 1833 [W. F.]. Hannah Newell. Gera Jenkins. Elisabeth Sevens, \ Nov. 21, 1808. Mary Devens. ) Difmifsed. 1804. Church Members. May 13. Peggy Wheelock, Wife of Phineas Wheelock, from the Chh. in Peterhorough. June 10. Polly Holman, Wife of John Holman. Leah Wade, Wife of Ebenr Wade. Richard Boylston, Dismifsed Mar. 5, 1818. Ann Rogers, Widow. John Edmands, & Wife, > Nov. 10, 1808. Mary Edmands. i Difmifsed. Esther Keitell. Now Mrs. Hunt. July 8"" Elisabeth Abraham. Mary Tufts, Wife of Nathan Tufts, dismifsed Apr., 1817. David Stetson, & Wife, ) Dismissed to 2* Con- Sarah Stetson. ) gregational Church. Josiah Harris, & Wife, Nov. 10, 1808. Maria Harris. Difmifs'^. Aug^ 12. Elisabeth Newell. Abigail Goodwin, wife of W'? Goodwin. Mary. Lewis, wife of W"? Lewis. Rebecca Larkin. Ruth Childs, Wife of Amariah Childs. Louisa Payson, wife of John P. Payson. Elisabeth Barker. Nov. 10, 1808. Dismifsed. Sophia Oliver Larkin. Dismifsed to 3* Bap- tist chh. in Boston. Erastus Flint (dismifs* to Mr. Flint's chh., Hartford, June 9, 1808. I Hurd. Raymond. Center. Boylston. Etheridge. Hyde. Reed. Skelton. Newell. Jenkins. Devens. [307] r Wheelock. Holman. Wade. Boylston. Rogers. f Edmands. Kettell. Abraham. Tufts. Stetson. Stetson. Harris. Harris. Newell. Goodwin. Lewis. Larkin. Childs. Payson. Barker. Larkin. Flint. 200 KECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHUECH. Sep. 9. Oct. 14. Hooper. Thompson. 1804. Nov. 11. 1805. March 10. June 9. Nov. 10. 1806. Jan. 12. Feb. 9. Mar. 9. Apr. 13. 22. May 11. [May 11.] June 8. Simonds. Dismifsed > r, a f +1, ^Osgood, from the ) South Chh.?T^^^_ in Ando- S Ann Hooper, Wife of Nath' Hooper. Sally Thompson, Wife of Tim° Thompson, Junr. Dismifsed May 8, 1817. Susannah Simonds, Wife of Joseph Simonds. Difmifsed. Thomas Osgood, & wife, ) Dismifsed Hannah Osgood. > Apr., 1817 Asa Town, & wife, Dorothy Town. Dismifsed 1825. ver, recommended & admitted to this Chh. Church Members. Mercy Welsh, (from y° Chh. in Burlington. Anne Murray, dismifsed Oct. 9*, 1806. Elisabeth Stetson, Wiie of Jonah Stetson. Elisabeth Carlelon (Widow). Mary Radford. Rebecca Oaks, now Mrs. Davidson. Jonathan Howe, difmifsed Nov. 10, 1808. Cynthia Stoddard, Widow, now Mrs. Woodward. Stoddard. Mary Stoddard, Wife of Samuel Stoddard, Stoddard. died Aug. W^, 185(?)3 [W. I. B.]. .(4rcAeZausi^/!n?, & his Wife, > Difmifsed to Dr. Mary Flint. i Neil's Chh., Phil», Dec. 8, 1810 (or 1816?). Dijah Bowen, & his wife, } Elisabeth Bowen. > Alfred Skelton, & wife, ) Patty Skelton. Dismifsed ) to Winthrop chh. Jan., 1834. Ann (or Anne) Brown, widow. Mary Cunningham, now Mrs. Banister. Dis- mifsed. Lucy Bryant, Wife of Tim" Bryant (from j° 3'" chh. in Reading). Jane Millar, wife of Hezekiah Millar. Sally Keyes, now Mrs. Brown, excommunicated Aug. 8, 1816. Hannah Bradbury, Wife of Charles Bradbury. Benjamin Skelton. Dismifsed to the Chh. Pelham. Martha Vinal, Wife of Otis Vinal, Dismifsed to Park Street Church. Rebecca Brown. Dismissed to Old South Church, Boston, July 10, 1823 [W. F.]. Elisabeth Barllett, Wife of Josiah Bartlett. Dismifs'd Apr. 1817. [308] Welfh. Murray. Stetson. Carleton. Badford. Oaks. Howe. Flint. Bowen. Skelton. Brown. Cunningham. Bryant. Millar. Keyes. Bradbury. Skelton. Vinal. Brown. Bartlett. Elisabeth Leathe, from the Chh. in Woburn. ADMISSIOKS, PULL COMMUNION. 201 [1806.] Ann Skelton, now Mrs. Haggett. Dismifed Skelton. at her request. July 13. Isaac Kendall [to Winthrop ch.]. Joanna Brown, wife of Jacob Brown [dismissed to the Cal- vinistic Church in Leominster, Aug., 1827. W. F.]. Oct. 12. Eebecca Langdon, -wife of John W. Langdon [dismissed to Park St., Aug., 1818. W. F.]. Lucy Call, wife of Jas. Call, Jr., dismissed Nov. 10, 1808. Disi to Con- gre" chh. in Woburn, July 5, 1821. Rec. Mary Tufts, wife of Peter Tufts, (Chh. in Royalston, dis- missed Mar. 5, 1807 [became Baptist, see Rec. p. 68]. Nov. 9. John Gary. Esther Mirick (widow). Dismissed to the Baptist Chh. [Apr. 9, 1809. Rec.'] Dec. 14. Martha Hunt, wife of Simeon Hunt. 1807. Jan. 11. Mary Fay, widow. Died Aug. 1, 1841. [W. L B.] Apr. 19. Peggy Porter, wife of Amasa Porter [a member in 1836^]. July 12. Charles Cleveland, and his wife, > From Dr. Barnard's Chh., Mehetabel Cleveland. ) Salem. Dismissed to Mr. Huntington's chh., Boston. [Rem! to Boston & dis* to Old South, May 13, 1815.] Abigail Breese, now Mrs. Salisbury, from the Chh. in Shrewsbury, dismissed to Old South Chh. Feb. 6, 1823. Aug. 9. Sarah Taylor, widow. Sep. 13. Mary Murray, widow [died 1829]. Dec. 13. Samuel M^Cregory Burnsides, dismissed at his request, 1808. Aug. 7, 1817 ; [removed to Worcester. Rec.']. May 8. Mary Pratt, wife of John Pratt, dismissed at her request, July 10, 1817, to Dr. Chauning's Chh. [Boston, she having removed to B. Rec.]. June 12. Ann Rayner. Isaac Hurd, son of Joseph Hurd, dismissed to the Chh. in 1809. Lynn, Aug., 1813. Feb. 12. John Patten, dismissed to y« Chh. in Topsham, June 19, 1814. Mar 9. Mary Frothingham, wife of Richard Frothingham, dismissed [1809]. from Maiden Chh. [d. Oct. 2, 1815]. Apr. 9. Lydia Sweetser, wife of Sam'. Sweetser, from the Chh. in Lynn. May 14. Mary Wilson, wife of Joseph Wilson. June 11. Mary Gag6, wife of Isaac Gage. 1 [1836] here and on following pages mean.'? that the person continued to be a member in that year. Dates, etc., subsequent to Admissions are, before 1820, in- terlineations by Dr. Morse ; later they are by Drs. Fay or Budington. 202 EECOBDS OP THE PIEST CHURCH. Aug. 13. Isaac Warren, Jun'. [H. C, 1805, d. 1815?]. Nov. 12. Anna Wyer, -widow. Mary Carlton, wife of Isaac Carlton. Catharine Alexander, wife of Giles A. Dismissed to Dumar- eston (?). Deborah Vinal. 1810. Deborah Tufts. Dismissed to Chh. in Danvers. Aug. 13. Martha Mirick, wife of Benj. Miriot [d. Sep. 16, 1817]. Hannah Spofford (Mrs. O. Brown). Dismissed to the Church in Kingston. Kuth Warren. Tabitha Anger, wife of Benj? Anger. Dismissed from y* chh. in Chelmsford. Oct. 14. Mary Parker, wife of Joseph Parker [d. 1825]. Nov. 11. Betsey Kettell, daughter of Andrew Kettell [1836]. Hepzibah Kettell (now Mrs. Flint) , daughter of Jon? Kettell [to Winthrop ch.]. Sarah Carnes. Dismissed to Bap. chh. in Baldwin Place, 1811. Boston [1836]. Jan. 13. Hannah Hunnewell, widow. Nancy Rugg, wife of Sam'. Eugg [1836]. Apr. 14. Simeon Flint, & wife, ) [to Winthrop ch.J. Lydia Flint I [d. June 9, 1814] . Amos Warren [d. Sep. 13, 1814]. Martha Edes [dismissed July 8, 1830, to Newport]. May 12. Cotton Center. Susannah Lamson [1836, d. 1842]. Elizabeth Hadley [1836]. June 9. Jeremiah Evarts, & his wife, 7 Dismissed from the first Chh. Mahetabel Evarts. 3 in N. Haven, & recommended. Dismis* to Park St., Nov. 5, 1817. July 14. Mary Kurd (Mrs. Ladd, Deceased) [1836]. [1811]. Aug. 11. Nancy Richardson, wife of Job. Richardson [1836]. Oct. 13. Harriet Johnson. Dismissed to Medford, Apr. 1839. 1812. April 12 Susanna Foster [1836]. Nov. 8. Elisabeth Fessenden [d., a member, June 18, 1842]. Charlotte Sawyer, wife of Peter Sawyer [1836]. Mary Tufts, wife of Gilbert Tufts [1836, d. June 24, 1863]. 1813. Eliza Harris. Jany 10. Elias Phinney, from y"= chh. in Thomastown, dismissed May 9t\ 1817. July 11. Abraham Rand Thompson, do. do. to Universalist ch. Aug. 8. Sukey Hyde, wife of Enoch Hyde [1836]. Martha Hovey, wife of Abijah Hovey [1836]. Clarissa Wheeler, wife of Wv Wheeler. Nov. 14. Samuel Kidder, and his wife, Dis* to Medford, Oct. 6, 1831. ADMISSIONS, FULL COMMUNION, 203 Hannah P. Kidder. Elizabeth Stevens [183G?]. Mary Russell Stevens. Dec. 12. Mary Tufts, daughter of Dr. Tufts. 1814. Mary Smith Wiley. Jan. 9. Amos Willington. Dismissed to Ashhy. 'ad. in private (sick) Mary Bartlett, wife of George Bartlett, Nov. 11, 1813, dis? to 2'^ chh. C. Mar. 17, 1817 (or Apr., 1817). John Tainter, Jun^ Hannah Wiley [1836]. Mary Kettell. Sarah Call Kettell [dis* to Winthrop ch., Dec. 27,/32]. Feb. 13. Elisabeth Thompson, -wife of Abraham R. Thompson, dis- missed May S"" or 9*, 1817. [Universalists.] Sep. 11. Abigail Gibbs, wife of James Gibbs [1836]. 1815. Sally Brown, daughter of Joseph Brown [1836]. March 12. Job Richardson. Died Nov. 11, 1868 [1836]. July 9. Thomas Kettell. " Sep. 17, 1850 [1836]. JohnSoley. " Apr. 6, 1851 [1836]. Dolly liildreth Robbins. Oct. 8. Emma Perry [1836]. 1816. Dec. 8. Sam'. Einley Breese Morse. Dismissed Oct, 6, 1820. W!2 Tufts. [Dismissed Dec. 27/32, to Winthrop ch.] May, 1819, ? [See again July Mch. 11, 1819. S 11, 1822, after he had renounced Universal!]:; dis. to Hudson, N. Y.] Amelia Adams, wife of Ashur Adams. Nancy Wilson, " " Jeremy Wilson [dislto Winthrop ch. Dec. 27/32]. Susan Haynes, " " Guy C. Haynes. Betsey Newell, " " Joseph Newell [1836]. Betsey Tufts. Mary Shepard. Dismissed to Village chh., Dorchester. Betsey Rugg. " to 1" chh., Dedham, June, 1829. Abigail Tapley. " to Winthrop chh., Jan. 1834 (Mrs. Amos Tufts). Ruth Soley. " to Trinity chh., Boston [1836]. Susan Newell. " " South Reading (Mrs. Custis). Catharine Edes. " " chh., Newport, R. I., July 8, 1817. 1830 (Mrs. Beecher). Jan. 12. Elizabeth IngersoU, wife of David Ingersoll. Sarah Shattuck, wife of Shadrach Shattuck (Mrs. Stickney). Hannah Mead, " " Sam'. Mead [1836] (Mrs. Brown). Francis Read, dismis'' May 11, 1820. 204 EECOEDS OP THE FIRST CHUKCH. 1817. Evelina Hull, dismis'^ & is a Baptist (Mrs. Frost). Margaret Center, " to D^ Jenks's chh., Dec. 7, 1726. Mary Richardson [1836]. Feb. 9. Sidney Edwards Morse [sb. 23]. Dismis? Oct. 6, 1820. Richard Gary Morse [se. 21f]. " " " Catharine Bradstreet [June 6, 1837, se. 84 (sister of Mary. See 1806) 1836]. Mary Jaquith, wife of Oliver Jaquith. Harriet Jaques, " Sam! Jaques. Dismis* to 2'' ch. Mayl6, 1819, connexion dissol? Susan Wyman, " Nehemiah Wyman [1836]. Sarah Johnson. Excommunicated. Susannah Cudworth, from N. South Chh., Boston [1836]. Harriet Mead, dismis'^ May 11, 1820 [to Methodist chh.]. Susanna Lampson [Mrs. Jas. Hunnewell, who died, a member, Feb. 14, 1870]. Lydia Tufts Perry [1836]. Mary Haynes. Mary Lamson, dismissed Sep. 22, 1822, to Woburn. Eliza Skimmer. Mary Kettell, wife of Thos. Kettell [1836]. Mar. 9. Solomon Hovey, & wife, ? [1836]. Sarah Hovey. i [1836]. Rebecca Haynes, widow [1836]. Lilies Rand, wife of Thos. B. Rand [1836]. Phebe Carter, dismissed July 11, 1822. Betsey Hooper Newhall, dismissed to a Baptist chh. in Provi- dence, June, 1830. Ann Catharine Read, dismissed to the Hanover (?) chh., Boston, r admonished Feb. 7, 1822. Rec. (disorderly Mary Jackson. ■} walking). Excommunicated Oct. 10, 1822 ( (then Mrs. Henry Alexander. Rec. — do. — Apr. 13. Eliab Parker M=Intire [to Winthrop ch.]. John Todd [D.D.], dismissed to Park S'. chh. Jan. 8, 1818 [removed to Boston]. Mary Whitmarsh (Mrs. Oliver) [1836]. Grace Wales Simonds, died at Abington, Feb. 15, 1849 [1836]. Pamela Martin, dismissed to 3'' chh., Salem [May 30, 1824. Rec.]. May 11. William Wyman, from the chh. in Walpole, N. H. Susanna Brown, wife of George Brown, chh. in W. Cambridge. Elijah Mead, & his wife, ) dismissed to the Methodist chh., Abigail Mead. ) May 11, 1820. Frederick Peabody, & his wife, ) Excommunicated Dec. 9, Rebecca Peabody [1836]. > 1830. ADMISSIONS, FULL COMMtTIsION. 205 Lydia Low, wife of David Low [1836]. Mary Winship, wife of John Winship, dismis? to Cambridg- port [1836]. Elizabeth Eames. Lydia Young, dismis? to the 1'' chh., Randolph, May 6, 182i. Hannah Cutting. Sarah Upton. Rebecca Adams Campbell. 1817. Martha Ann Barrett Campbell. June 8. Oliver Jaquith. Euth Rose. Dismissed to the Baptists, May, 1836 [1836]. Harriet Dean, wife of Loammi Dean [1836]. Harriet Tewksbury. Dismissed to the chh. in Stratham, N. H., Feb. 8, 1827. Rebecca Barker. July 13. Joseph F. Tufts, & his wife, ) .^^ ^yj^^jj ^j, , Hannah Tufts. i '" ^ -■ Sep. 11. Persis Howard, from the 1" chh. in Cambridge. 1818. Mar. 5. Amos S. Hutchinson, from y* 1" chh. in N. Haven. 8. Benjamin Brown. Died Aug. 12, 1853 [1836]. Amos S. Adams. Dismissed to Tab. chh., Salem, 1829. George Carlton. Apr. 12. Lot Poole, & his wife, | From the chh. in S. Reading by letter. Lydia Poole. Dismis)sed to Bowdoin St. chh., Boston, Nov., 1835. May 10. Sarah Johnson, W. [Excom. Jan. 9, 1823. iJec. ] [1836]. Mary Leach, wife of Thos. Leach. Mary Bradbury, " Chas. Bradbury [1836]. Sep. 13. Eunice Gregory [1836]. Ann Procter. 1819. Susan F. Phipps, wife of Joshua B. Phipps. Apr. 11. Eliza Larkin, W. of Isaac Larkin [1836]. May 9. John Lamb, & his wife, Mary Lamb. Jonathan Call [1836]. July 8. W? Burchmore, from y' chh. in Lancaster, N. H. Aug. 27. Benj. B. Osgood " " N. Andover. Sep. 12. Chas. Bradbury [1836]. Geo. Clark, dismissed to Newbury (?). Marcy Mullet. Martha Edmands [1836]. [This is the last entry of Members by Dr. Morse.] The Eecord of Admissions made by Rev. Dr. Morse begins at the top of page 300 of the Record Book, and continues to the foot of page 314 (Sept. 12, 1819). Rev. Dr. Fay's Record begins (June 11, 1820) 206 EECORDS OF THE FIEST CHUECH. at the top of page 315, and is continued to the middle of page 329, where it ends (March 10, 1839), and Rev. Dr. Biidington's begins (June 18, 1840). Names of those admitted by the latter two are in the Church Manuals. All the Baptisms recorded before 1833 are here printed. Pages 206-208 show the full form of entries. On and from page 208 all the facts are given, but in a condensed form. „ ,,, Mr. Jed" Morse, tl4*l BAPTISMS. ^^.^^^^ Date. Mr. Jedidiah Morse was installed to the pastoral office of the 1789. Chh. & congregation in Charlestown, April 30th, 1789 — Here follows a list of the names of persons baptized in Charles- town daring his Ministry — Aprils. Jb/m,S. of Benj" & Mary Hurd, born March 30* Hurd. PoUy LarJcin, D. of Joseph & Hannah Hurd, Hurd. Apr. 1^'" Sukey, T>. of Timothy & Mary Thompson, Thompson. Mar. 29. Maria Pai/sell, D. of AV!" & Elisabeth Stevens — Stevens. g@= Chasm from Ap. to Aug? say of 3 males & 4 females. Date. [145] 1789. Baptisms. j^^_ ^^^^^_ Aug. 2. John, S. of Nathan & Phebe Dexter, born July. Dexter. 9. Laban, S. of Laban & Hearsey, born Aug. Hearfey. William, S. of Jon" & Hepzibah Kettell, born Kettell. Aug. Isaac, S. of William H. & Polly Manning, Manning, born Aug. Oct. 11. Polli/, D. of Joseph & Mary Miller, born Sep. 11. Miller. 18. Betsey Thayre, D. of Amos & Joanna Sampson, Sampson, born Oct. 15. Nov. 8. Abraham, S. of Isaac & Sukey Snow, born Snow. Nov. 2. Hannah, D. of Joseph & Rebecca Cordis, born Cordis. Nov. 6. Nancy, D. of Bela & Nancy Mitchell, born Mitchell. Oct. 22. Dec. 6. John, S. of Benj. & Martha Miriok, born Deo. 5. Mirick. Baptized this year, Total Males, 10 ; Females, 11. Total, 21. 1790. Sarah, D. of John & Anne Broomfield, born Broomfield. Jan. 3. Nov. 16, 1789; died Sep. 29, 1790. Rachel, D. of Isaac & Hannah Mallet, born Mallet. Jan. 8. March 14. Betsey, D. of Wilham & Betfey Raymond, born Raymond. BAPTISMS, 1789-1791. 207 May 9. 30. Jane 13 27. Aug. 9. 22. Sep. 19. April 14. David, S. of Elipli' & Susanna Newell, born Newell. Mar. 31. Hai-riett, D. of John & Lopans, born April. Lucy, D. of Jon? & Willington, born May. John, S. of Eben^ & Mary Larkin, born June 10. Lucy, D. of Phillip & Mary Harrod, Negro, born June 4. Caleb, S. of Samuel & Hannah Swan, born June 23. Harriet, D. of Andrew & Stimpson, born June. Eliza, D. of Jon? & Sarah Thompson, born Aug. Thompson. Elisabeth, D. of William & Elisabeth Stevens, Stevens. born Aug. 17. Hepzibah, D. of Jon? & Hepzl" Kettell, born Sep. Polly, D. of Will" H. & Polly Manning, born Sep. 14. Jackson, S. of Andrew & Sally Lopans, born Sep. Joseph, S. of Sam'. & Abiel Larkin, born Sep. Baptisms. 1790. Oct. 10. Simon, S. of Moses & Hall, born Sep. 24. Sally, D. of Joseph & Mary Miller, born Oct. 8. Joanna, D. of JMichael & Ruth Mallet, born. Suhey, D. of Barnabas & Elisabeth Barker, born Nov. 2. Baptized this year. Males, 6; Females, 14. Total, 20. Mary, D. of Rich? & Mary Erothingham, b. Frothingham. Jan., 1791. Nathaniel, S. of David & Ann Edmunds, b. Edmunds. Jan. 27, 1791. Josiah Whillemore, S. of Josiah & Eliz^ Bartlett, 7 I Bartlett. [146] Nov. 14. 1791. Jan. 23. 30. Feb. 19. Lopans. Willington. Larkin. Harrod. Swan. Stimpson. Kettell. Manning. Lopans. Larkin. Mr. Morse. Hall. Miller. Mallet. Barker. born Feb. 8, 1791 ; bapt* by Dr. Parker. March 13. Charles, S. of David & Elis* Devens, born 7 Devens. March. Lucretia, D. A. K. Tufts & "Wife, born 10 March. 20. John, S. of W> Wiley & Wife, " April 10. Mary, D. of John Kidder & Wife, ' ' 5 April. May 1. Samuel Fiuley Breese, S. of Jed^ & Elisabeth |^ , Ann Morse, born April 27. 15. Elisabeth, D. of David Fosdick & Wife, born Fosdick. May, 1791. Sally Turner, D. of John & Mary Runey, born Runey. May, 1791. 29. Charles, S. of Joseph & Hannah Hurd, born Hurd. May 28, 179L Tufts. Wiley. Kidder. f Morse. 208 EECOEDS OF THE TIRST CHUECH. June 12. 1791. June 26. Aug. 14. 21. Date. Aug. 28. Sep. 25. Oct. 10. Nov. 20. Dec. 11. 18. 1792. Jan. 8. Feb. 19. May 6. 27. June 3. 17. 1792. July 8. Aug. 19. Sep. 30. Oct. 7. 28. Nov. 4. Nov. 18. Eand. John Parker, > Sons of Samuel Kand Samuel. > & Wife. John Gardner, S. of Isaac & Hannah Mallet. Mallet. John Taylor, S. of Cotton & Margaret Center, > Q„j,4.g_ born Feb. 7, 1791. > Baptisms. [147] Mr. Morse. Nathaniel, S. of Josiah Willington & Wife, bom AVillington. June 25. Lydia, D. of John Dunoklee & Wife, born Duncklee. Aug. 11. Joseph, S. of Bartholomew Raymond & Wife, Raymond. born Aug. Child. Father. Mother. Timothy. Nathan and Wife. Susannah Johnson. Eliphalet " Elisabeth. Samuel Phillips Harriot. Eleazer. Eliza Russell. Elisabeth, Moses, Samuel Pierce, Aaron, Hannah Williams. Nathan Sam'. " Benj? and Mary. William and Wife. Lemuel " Born. Aug. 24. " 22. Sep. IG. Oct. 2. Nov. 16. " 14. Dec. 11. o I" Family Name. Dexter. Newell. Whittemore. Pay son. Hurd. Newhall. Shepherd. Died Dec. 14. y Hadley. John. Josiah & Elisabeth. Jan. 4. Bartlett. Baptised by Dr. Parker of Boston. William. Isaac. Lois. Anne. Sarah Leathbridge. Robert & Wife. W^ H. " Saml Calder. Manning. • Woodward. Becca (D.). Joseph. Amos, Deborah, Joseph, William. David. Hannah. Jacob Benj? -Amos June. Foster Mirick. Tufts. [148] '92. John & Wife. William " Jedidiah Edwards. Jed^ Green. Wiley. Morse. July 3, Aug. Sep. Oct. 4. died July 31, 1793, 8 o'clock evening. Hannah. Cotton & Wife. Center. Elijah. Moses " Hadley. Eunice Coolidge. Joseph " Jlillar. BAPTISMS, 1793. 209 Date. Child. Father. Mother. Bom. Family Name. Dec. 2. Betsey. Wm. & Wife. Bispham. 9. William. William " Codman. 2. Samuel William. &a.-ai^, 3 V. " baptised by Dr. Walter. Dexter. 1793. Jan, . 6. Elisabeth. Josepli " Jan. Hurd. 13. George. John " " '93. Euney. Sarah Grace. Sam>. " it a Payson. 27. Joseph Warren. Eliphalet & Wife. u u Newell. Hepzibah Goodwin, ( Sam'. Benjamin Goodwin. ) & wife. 1790. > Mansir. 1791. Feb. 17. Mary Russell. W? W. & " Feb. Stevens. Mar. 8. John. John " U Duncklee. 10. RooTcsbarr Marshall. Barnabas & Wife. Feb. Barker. Susanna. Joseph & Wife. Lamson. [Mrs. Jas. Hunnewell, born Sep. 2 !, 1792.] Eliza Jackson. Amariah & Wife. Childs. John. Isaac & Wife. Smith. 30. Reuben Gould. Isaac & Wife. Mar. Mallet. Hepzibah Larkin. Sam'. " (( Band. Apr. 14. Thomas. John " (t Gardner. May 12. Ruthy Larkin. Wife of Isaac {aduli) 1, ) [149] Isaac. Isaac & Wife, 2 yrs. old. f Larkin. Mary Johnson. " " Mar. ) Lucy Williams. Wife of Gerfhom (adult). Williams. Matthew. Matthew & Wife. May. Butman. James Gould. James " Turner. 26. Hannah. David " t( Fosdick. Jime SO. Robert Ball, \ Benjamin Wood, >■ Thomas & Mary. Edes. Mary. ) July 7. Elizabeth; John; Benjamin; Johnathan- Locke , ' > Stevens. Isaac, of John & Elizabeth. 28. Joseph Badger. John & Wife. July 21. Kidder. Aug. 25. Elizabeth Webb. Joseph " Aug. Phipps. Sept. 29. Caleb. Caleb Sep. 22. Swan. Eliza. Daniel " (( Scott. Robert. Robert " " 22. Calder. 80. Charlotte. MWH. " " 22. Manning. Oct. 6. Lemuel. Lemuel " Oct. Shepherd. Peter. William " (( Hay. 13. Samuel. Pelatiah " Sep. Stevens. 27. Thomas Millar. Timothy " Oct. Thompson. Nov. 10. Susannah Richardson (Adult). Richardson. Rhoda. Thomas & Wife. Nov. Hooper. Nov. 24. Franklin. Samuel " Dexter. (baptised by Dr. Walter.) 14 210 EECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Date. 1793. Dec. 15. 22. 31. 1794. Jan. 5. 19. Feb. 9. 16. 23. 20. 27. May 11. 18. June 15. July 13. 20. 20. Aug. 3. 10. Child. Abigail. Joshua. Betsey Hooper. Sally. Benj. Morse. Apr. 19. GorTiam. Father. Mother. Bom. Benj. & Wife. Nov. Joshua " Dec. Naphtali " " Nathan ' ' William " " John, S. of Esther Buidit — by Mr. Sprague, presented by his grandmother Burdit, about 8 or 9 years old. Abigail. Timothy & Wife. Gideon. Amos ' ' Joseph. Joseph " Edwards. Jedidiah ' ' Rebekah Turner, W™ " Abigail. Amos " Patty Miles. Nathan " William, I rf ^jjjg^ WilUam & Alice. Alice. ) Josiah & Wife, bap. by Dr. Parker William & Wife. James ' ' David, Jr. Sam' Joseph " Jacob " Amariah " Samuel ' ' William; Susannah; Mary; Sarah; Elisabeth; of Wi2, deceased, & wife, Mary. James, S. of Elisabeth Davis, Widow. Benjamin. John & Wife deceased. Wm. Wignall. W^ W. (deceased), & Wife, Ehsabeth, b. July 27, '94. Geo. Rapehje. W?" & Wife. b. " " Mary. Jonathan " Aug. " James; Sarah; Thomas; Abigail; children of James & Wife. Sep., '94. Oct., '94. John. Barnabas. Mary. Emily. Eliza. Jacob. Maria Oliver. Ebenezer. 15. Jan. 3, '94. " 5, " Feb. 7, " 22, Apr. May. " 10, '94. Apr., 1791. June, 1794. July, " 24. Amos. Ammi Sep. 14. Isaac. Moses 28. Sally. Cotton Oct. 19. Abraham. Samuel 26. Charles. Aaron Nov. 2. Daniel. Daniel Harriet. Isaac Deo. 14. Thomas. Thomas Wait Nov., '94. Family Name. Hurd. Hooper. [150] Newhall. Whittemore. Ban ton. Sprague. or Burdit. Walker. Samson. Lamson. Morse. Newhall. Tufts. Dexter. Harris. Bartlett. Wiley. Turner. Edmunds. Payson. Millar. Farnsworth. Childs. Larkin. Praddox. Davis. [151] Turner. Stevens. Stimpson. Kettle. Frothingham. Cutter. Hadley. Center. Woodward. Putnam. Scott. Learned. Pratt. BAPTISMS, 1795. 211 Date. ChUd. Father. Mother. Born. Family Name. Prudence. Isaac & Wile. Dec, '94. Smith. 1795. William. William " Jan. Bispham. Jan. 11. Ardelia Louisa. Ammi " (t Tufts. Feb. 8. SaraJi Mead. John " (t Duncklee. Mar. 15. Jonathan Call. W^ H. " Mar. Manning. Apr. 25. Rebecca Cordis John Walley &Wife. Apr. Langdon. June 7. Sophia ; Josepl ; Ebenezer ; Gideon • Harriet , children of Sarah Tirrel, 'widow. Tirrel. 11. Rebecca. Barnabas & Wife. June Barker. [152] David. David May. Stetson. 21. Richard Cary. Jedidiah June 18. Morse. 27. Mary Parker. Ebenr Apr., '95 Gage. July 12. Thos. Harling. Lemuel Shepherd. 19. Hepzibah. David July 16. Fosdiek. Aug. 9. Hannah. Joshua Aug. 2. Hooper. 16. Saml Phillips. Sam'. {( Payson. 20. Charlotte. Josiah a Bartlett. (baptised by Dr. Walter.) 30. Hannah. Pelatiah & Wife. Aug. Stevens. Ruthy, I Becca. ) (twin Amariah 11 1 Child. daughters, abt H 20. Sep. 13. Lydia Waldo. Dan' & Wife ^^ Austin. Charlotte. Andrew Woodbury & Wife. Aug Duty. 20. Rebecca Gorham. Geo. & Wife . Sep. Bartlett. 27. George. . Joseph '* ii Hurd. John. John " (< Gardner. Oct. 4. Thomas. Thomas " it Edes. Thomas. Thomas " Oct. Hooper. 18. John; Anne; Joseph; children of late Richard ' ' now a ■' ppidow. Hay. Ann. Robert " Oct. Calder. Seth. John " a Stevens. 25. Joel. Joel & Rebecca. u Abbot. Nov. 15. Martha Hall. Timothy & Wife. Nov. Walker. Sally. Isaac a Mallet. Ruth. Isaac (t Larkin. Maria. William u Miller. Dec. 13. Margaret Calef . Dan'. Dec. Scott. 27. Samuel. Saml (t Gary. [153] George. Timothy (( Thompson. Charles. Aaron a Putnam. 1796. William. Joseph a Lamson. Jan. 17. Tabitha Ireland. Jacob a Thompson. 24. Hannah. John Jan. Kidder. Benjamin. Benj. ii Gray. 212 BECOKDS OF THE FIKST CHUBCH. Date. CTiZd. Father. Mother. Born. Family Name. Jan. 31. Deborah. Amos & Wife. Jan. Sampson. Feb. 7. Sally Ketlell. Richard i( Feb. Frothingham. Mar. 20. Josiah Stearns. Benj? (i Mch. Hurd. Sophia. l( ii. Trask. Apr. 24. John Walley. John Walley & Wife. Langdon. May 8. Joseph . Joseph & Susannah. Symouds. 29. Mary Marvel. & Wife, adult. Trask. July 31. Sarah Call. Jonathan & Wife. July. Kettell. Mary Sterret. Lemuel (i Shepard. 10. Dorcas. Isaac June. Smith. Marcy Collis. James u Frothingham. Aug. 14. Bela. Bela Aug. 8. Mitchel. 21. Maria. " adult Burdett. M-ary Larkin. Phillips " 19. Payson. Phillis (Negro woman, old) belonged to J. Rufsell, Esq., now/ree. Sep. 4. Charles Muzzy, Isaac & Wife. Aug. Carleton. 25. William. William t( Sep. Hay. Oct. 2. Nathaniel. James. li (( Turner. 9. Charles. David. a Oct. Stetson. 16. John, \ Samuel, ) William (( <( Taylor. [154] Nov. 27. Margaret. NatW (1 Nov. Gorham. Nathaniel Gorham. Georg' e " (( Bartlett. Dec. 18. Nathaniel Mead. John (( Dec. Duncklee. 25. Sarah. AVilliam a (( AViley. 1797. Jar 1.22. William. Wilhelm " (Germans). Knoepfel.^ Mar. 5. Naphtali. Naphtali (1 Feb. Newhall. Harriet. William (t it Millar. 12. Samuel Lord. Nathan (( Mar. Dexter. 26. Alice. Cotton (t Center. Hannah Lewis. Sam'. (( Woodward. Apr. 2. Martha Munrot ! (adult). Wife of Sam'. Munroe. '■} Apr. 9. Benjamin. Sam'. & Wife. 2 years. Stephen Knight. Saml " inf William; Mary; Stephen; Nancy; Elisabeth' Rebecca; children of John, & Wife, Mary. Charles. Aaron & Wife. Apr. Susannah Johnson. Eliphalet " " Munroe. De Costa. Putnam. Newell. 1 MLKnoepfel & Wife (according to their own acct. of ymselves) were hom in Hefse Cafsel, & came over to America about the middle of j* j'ear 1795 — They profefs to be Protestants, and appear to be ferious and conscientious Christians. As yy were ftrangers and unacquainted with our language, y^ were admitted to the privilege of having their child baptised without passing through the forms adopted by this Chh. BAPXISMS, 1797. 213 Date. Child. Father. Mother. Bom. Family Name. Apr. 23. Charles. W? Holmes & Wife. Apr. Manning. [155] CatharineWhittemore. Peter " " Jones. May 7. Thomas Ru/sell. Jedfi " May 6. Morse. Mary. Amos " " Tufts. Catharine. Sam^ " April. Choate. Nathan, 10 mos. old. ) ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^_ ^.^^^^^^ Dorcas. 3J years old. > John, ) John (deceased) & Wife, presented ) Ty^pj. Elizabeth. ) by their Grand Parents. i Hannah. George (deceased) & Wife, 3 years. Kuney. 14. Theodosia. Robert & Wife. b. April. Calder. 27. Joseph. Joseph " May. Miller. Elias. Elias H 4( Farnsworth. June 11. Anna Kelly, adult. Kelly. July 8. Margaret. Daniel " July. Scott. 23. Charles. TimT t( a Walker. Beihiah. Joseph 11 II Phipps. 30. Catharine. William II II Bispham. Aug. 13. Isaac Davis. Andrew Woodbury & Wife. Aug . Duty. 27. John Hay. Jacob & AVife. Aug. Farnsworth. Amariah. Amariah U (( Child. Sep. 10. Charles. Isaac. (( U Mallet. 17. John Welsh. Sam? it tl Payson. 21. Thos. Shepherd. Dan'. ** Sep. Leman. (bap. by Dr. Walter).! David H <( Stearns. Oct. 1. Lemuel. Jonah (I it Stetson. 15. John, • Sam'. tl Austin. Abigail Lewis. Samuel. Jo.seph n Lamson. 16. Sally Beacham . John, Jr. " Oct. Carter. [156] Nov. 12. Samuel. Samuel Nov. Soley. 19. Harriet. Dan'. II 11 Austin. John Staunton. Thos. II 11 Edes. 26. Catharine. George 11 II Bartlett. Dec. 3. John Larkin. Phillips, J fr. " " Payson. Mary Francis. John W. 11 II Langdon. Samuel. Sam'. 11 II Munroe. 10. Harriet. Daniel II It Parker. 21. Asa Burdett. David " Dec. Barker. Jacob. Jacob 11 11 Holt. 1798. Ebenezer. Ebenezer 11 II Gage. Feb. 4. Ebenezer. Amos " Jan. Sampson. 11. Joanna. Benj. Feb. Gray. ' Child's name not given. 214 EECOEDS OF THE FIEST CHURCH. Date. Child. Father. Mother. Born. Family Name. Abigail. Wife. Jan. Wood. Mar. 4. Mary. Thomas tt Feb. Osgood. 11. Ann Redwood, wife of Daniel Rhodes, adult. Khodes. Daniel. Daniel & Ann, 8 yeai s. Ehodes. Apr. 8. John. David & Wife. Fosdiok. Sarah Manning David (k Edmunds. 29. Pelatiah. Pelatiah (( Mar, Stevens. • June 3. Nathan. Joseph " ii, Symonds. Lily. James 4t June. Frothingham. 10. Josiah, Josiah ' ' I baptized by ( " 1 Dr.. Walter. 1 Bartlett. Caleb Call. (t Mary. Moses " June. Hadley. 24. Abigail. Isaac (( (( Larkin. [157] Esther Swan. Thomas it t( Hooper. July 8. William Larkin Wm. *' a Lewis. 15. Elisabeth Ann. Jed"? it Morse. Sarah. Aaron ti Putnam. Charles. John LI Stevens. 29 Edward. William U June. Stimpson. Aug. 5. Thomas Rwfsell . Thos. & Mary. Payson. 12. Benjamin. Timothy & Wife. Thompson. Peter. WiUiam i Hay. Daniel. Daniel i Emerson. John. John ' Edmands. James. John t Gardner. 26. Nathaniel. Isaac. Nathl Isaac Gorham. Carleton. Sep. 2. Sarah. Anna Rice. David Lemuel 1 Stetson. Brown. 9. John. Cotton I Center. Oct. 14. George. George tt Bartlett. 21. Marcy Sutton. Jacob & Wife.i Farnsworth. Nov. 11. Rebecca Barrington. Joshua" Hooper. Mary, aged 6 years, D. of Elisabeth, Widow. Breed. 12. Hannah. Benj-? & Wife, Boston . Joy. 24. Aratus Alexander. Jas. Oct. M'Gibbon. Dec. 13. . Mary. Dan\ Nov., 98. Scott. 30. Mary Smith. William AViley. 1799. Jar . 28. Edward. Sam'. Jan. Payson. [158] Teb. 10. John Cary. Elias Feb. Farnsworth. 24. Barnabas. Barnabas *' Barker. Abigail. Eldad Whiting. 1 When this child was born Mrs. Farnsworth was a widow ; her husband having died feveral months before. BAPTISMS, 1799. 215 Date. Child. rather. Mother. Born. Family Name. Anna Tufts. Peter & Wife Jones. Mar. 10. Mary. Andrew W. (i Duty. 24. Josiah. Josiah (1 Harris. 31. Elijah Tulman. . John (t Weatherby. Apr. 7. Thomas Stone. Danl (( Parker. 14. Catharine. Timothy t( Walker. Mary. John P. (( Duncklee. 28. Barnabas Turner. John (t Euney. Elisabeth Ann. Phillips, Jr. (( Payson. May 12. Ebenezer Larkin. Amariah u Childs. 26. Abigail Pratt. Matthew " Butman. June 16. Lydia Austin. Timothy (( Keith. 30. George. Nath'. li Trask. July 7. William, \ chiL Anne. ) was dren of W? and Eunice ; she \ Hand. at this time a widow. i 21. Mary Dorr. Francis & Wife. b. July. Hyde. Sep. 8. Edward. W-? Holmes ti Manning. George. Samuel '* Choate. Caroline. John (t Choate. 15. Joseph. John W. (i Langdon. TF? Augustus. Ammi R. (( Tufts. Oct. 13. Thos. Shepheri i. Dan>. u Leman. 20. Nancy. James u Turner. [159] 27. John. William u Hunnewell. Nov. 3. Lemuel. Lemuel (( 4 years. Clark. 10. Polly. Nicolas (I Oct. Brown. 18. Charlotte. John, Jr. ti 8 mo. old. Carter. 24. Elisabeth Ann. Thos. u Nov. Edes. Deo. 29. Rebecca. David (( Dec. Barker. 1800. { Joseph. \ Margaret. Joseph (t Dec, '92 (?) Parker. Jan. 5. William tt Nov., '99. Stimpson. Feb. Ruth Larkin. Sam'. 1( Feb. Soley. David Wood. Nathl £( Jan. Gorham. Mary. George (1 Bartlett. Pamela. Seth (( Sweetser. Mar. 16. Sally. Nath'. U Turner. Joanna Evertson. David 1 1 Vose. 23. AbigailWelsh. Sam'. (1 Mar. Payson. May 4. Hannah. Thomas 11 Bradshaw. June 1. Lucy. Peter ({ May. Jones. 8. WP Murray. John (1 Edmands. Eliza. Daniel (1 Austin. 9. John Choate. James u Calder. from Scotland, born at fea May, 1800. Baptised on board a vefsel at Boston. 29. John. John & Wife. June. Thomas. 216 RECORDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. [160] July 20. 27. 17. Aug. 17. Sep. 14. 20. 21. 28. [161] Oct. 12. 19. Nov. 9. 16. 30. 1801. Jan. 4. 18. July. Child. Father. Mother. Margaret. Cotton & "Wife. James Runey. M. 14. Joanna. Joanna, 4 yrs. old ■\ John & Wife. John, 3 " " > RoV. Runey, 1 " "3 RoV. Holmes, 3 yrs. old > John & Wife. Mary Barnard, 3 mo. ) Eliza. Benj? & Wife. Caroline. John " " George, 18 mo. old, Richard " PhUlips. Phillips, Jr. " " Elijah Davis. Kobert " " William. William " " Timothy h Charles. Tim", Jr. " Elisabeth Allen, \ children of Elizabeth, ■widow ) Moses. ) of Moses. > Sally ; Esther; Hannah ; Joseph ; children of Esther, widow of Joseph. Geo. Adams, S. of Amos & Wife. Sep. Elisabeth Clap, wife of Otis Clap, adult. Susan Makepeace, ) ^j^^j^^^^ ^^ Ebenezer & his George Makepeace, Y ^j^^^ deceased. Ebenezer. ^ Nathaniel. S. of Joseph & Wife. Elisabeth Ann. Otis " Elisabeth. James " Elisabeth Wiswall. John " Mary. John " Sally Bobbins, wife of John. Prudence ; Ruthy ; Joseph Leathers ; Born. Family Name. June. Center. Runey. Turner. 1 William } Leathers; ch'n Joseph & Wife Ruthy. Amos. John. John Phillips. Mary. Mary Ann. Elisabeth Ann. Sally Phillips. Elisabeth Ann. Samuel Cary. Eliza. Daniel. Jonathan. Geo. Washington. Tim? Edward. Edward of Amos & Wife. Daniel " Thomas " David Isaac ' ' David, Jr. " Samuel " John. " Sam'. Richard " David " Jonathan " b. Oct. Nov. Jan. Harris. Gray. Nutting. Carleton. Payson. Calder. Green. Thompson. Rand. - Mirick. Sampson. Clap. Larkin. Lamson. Clap. Frothingham. Trowbridge. Robbins. Rohhins. Bird. Tufts. Parker. Payson. Stetson. Carleton. Edmunds. Munroe. Burditt. Burditt. Carleton. Fosdick. Kettell. Walker. Goodwin. BAPTISMS, 1801. 2 Date. Child. Father. Mother. Bom. Family Name. Feb. 1. James Eu/sell. Jed?' & Wife. Morse. Isaac. Amariah Childs. Harriet. John P. Duncklee. Harriet. Wait Pratt. 15. John Sanford. Isaac Larkin. Francis. Francis Hyde. 22. John Marshall. Artemas Ward. Sarah. Naphtali Newhall. Mar. 1. Timothy. Timothy Keith. 8. Susannah Currier. W?" Hay. 22. Abraham Smith WV Wiley. Maria. Josiah Harris. [162] 29. Elisabeth Adams. Joseph Keed. Apr. 5. Eunice. Hezekiah Blanchard. 17. Ellas Hammond. Joseph Symonds. Jane 21. George. John Turner. Eliza & Elmina William Maxwell. Charlotte. W" Homes Manning. 27. Boylston. Ebenezer " a year old. Jones. July 5. John. Sam'. Soley. 19. Walter Moor. Daniel Leman. 26. Sarah Ann. Thomas Phillips. Aug. 9. Harriet. Sam? Jaques. Sarah Ann. George Sylvester. 12. Esther. John Carter. 16. Ebenezer Williams. Moses Hadley. Elisabeth Sarjeant. Amos Pollard. Aaron & Samuel. Aaron Robbins. George. Lemuel Shepard. 25. Mary Ann. John & Mary. Feb. 9, 1801. Rogero. 30. Ann. Benj. & Wife. Brown. Sep. 13. Sarah. Timothy, Jr. ' Thompson. Oct. 11. William. Ebenezer ' Gage. William. WilHam ' Wood. 18. Elisabeth Allen Thomas ' Edmands. Not. 1. John. Daniel ' Parker. 8. Sarah. Phillips ' Payson. 15. Henry. George ' Bartlett. Dec. 12. Geo. Washington. John ' Edmands. 27. Eben Parsons. Joseph ' Babb. 1802. Jan . 31. Catharine Greenleaf, D. o f Eben' & Wife. Thompson. [16 Feb. 7. Harriet. Thomas & \ Vife. Osgood. 16. John. 11 Bryant. Mar. 14. Otis. Otis 11 Clap. 28. Eliza. Robert '<• Caldcr. 218 EECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHUKCH. Date. Child. Father. Mother. Family Name. Mary. Jonathan & Wife. Locke. Apr. 4. William. Nathaniel Martha. Gershom Trask. Teal. 25. Susannah. Nicolas Brown. May 9. Cushiiig. Jonas Stetson. 30. Harriet. John Stevens. Sabra Jaquish, } D. of Eldad " Eliza Ann. i " " " ■ Whiting. June 13. Emily. James fc( Warren. John. John (L Thomas. 29. Mary. Thomas i[ plooper. July 4. Charles. Joseph u Miller. Elisabeth. Richard (t Carleton. 11. Mary. James Thomas Wm. Thomas (I Turner. Conant. 18. William. Samuel (£ Burdett. Aug. 1. Lucy. Peter ** Jones. Elisabeth. Joseph it Read. 20. Joshua. Joshua u Grover. 27. William. Amos (( Tufts. Mary. Timothy u Walker. Sep. 26. Thomas Oliver. Thos. 0. (1 Larkin. Joseph Olicer. Joseph li Carter. Elisabeth Ann. John u Walker. Rebecca. William a Cooper. Oct. 24. Reuben Hatch. Wait John. William Pratt. [164] Green. Catharine. David (& Stetson. Nov. 7. Thomas Wade. Thomas (t Phillips. 14. Rhoda & Sewall, children of Sarah. Thompson. 28. Mary & Rebecca Cordis, daughters of Rob? & Wife. Haswell. Harriet. Isaac & Wife. Carleton. Louisa. " Clarke. Dec. 5. Ann. Francis " Hyde. Luther Johnson (adult). Johnson. Luther. Luther & Wife. Johnson. 12. Prudence, daughter of Asa (adult). Richardson. 19. Lucy & Betsey. D's of Ho£ iea & Wife. Hildreth. Harriet. John P. & Wife. Duncklee. 1803, 26. Isaac; Thomas; Susanna; Wife. children of Isaac & Uyjuj^j^^^ Jan. 2. William Turner, S. of John & Wife. Runey. 16. Susannah. Joseph " Symonds. Charlotte: Ann; Martha; childrenof Josiah& Wife. Bartlett. 23. Charles. George & Wife. Bartlett. BAPTISMS, 1803. 219 Date. 30. Feb. 6. 13. 20. 27. Mar. 20. 28. Apr. 10. 17. May 1. 15. 23. June 5. 26. July 31. Aug. 14. Sep. 4. 11. 25. Oct. 9. 16. 30. Nov. 13. 27. Dec. 4. 11. 18. 1804. Jan. 8. Child. Father. Mother. Eliza. William & Wife. Katy D. & Moses S., children of Polydore & Wife (Negroes'). Daniel. Dan', (deceased) & Wife. Elisabeth Ann. Jedfi & Wife. Thomas. James, Jr. " Josiah Neiohall. William " William Richards. Jolin " Daniel Parker. William " Benjamin. Benjamin " Mary Whittemore. Samuel " John Hancock. John " Ahram; Charles; Betsey; Mary; children of) Abram & Wife (Negroes). i Stephen. David. Joshua. Mary Jane. James. David & Wife. David " Joshua " Ebenezer " Joseph " David & Mary. John " Mary Tufts. Jonathan " Josiah. Joseph " William. Timothy ' ' William C alder. Timothy, Jr. " Jefferson. John " Adeline Elenor,-t^^.^^^^^^ - Caroline Ann. ) Eleazer Howard, adult. George. Joseph " Ann Rogers. Thomas O. " Daniel. Daniel " Catharine Adams. Lemuel " Mary. James ' ' Hosea. Hosea " Nathan Augustine. Nathan " Sarah Tuckshury. John ' ' Mary Ann. Gershom " Joseph Johnson. Isaac " Lucy. Nathaniel " Henry. John " John. William ' ' John Hills. Otis " George Runey. John " Ann Catharine. Joseph " Joshua & Caroline. Henry ' ' Family Name. Wiley. Skillings. Parker. Morse. [165] Frothingham. Maxwell. Robbins. Wood. Brown. Jaques. Carter. Francis. Fosdick. Edmands. Grover. Gage. Gould. Bradley. Locke. Brown. Keith. Thompson. 11 mos. old. Conn. Pratt. Howard. Bird. Larkin. [166] Leman. Shepard. Warren. Hildreth. Tufts. Pratt. Teal. Larkin. Trask. Edmunds. Hay. Clap. Turner. Read. Stoddard. 220 EECOEDS OP THE FIKST CHUKCH. Date Jan. 13. 15. 29. Feb. Mar. 12. 26. 4. Mar. 11. 18. Apr. 1. 8. 15. 29. May 13. 27. Uune 3. 10. 10. 24. July 8. Aug. 12. 16. 26. Child. rather. Mother. Eliza BarQ)ter, D. of Calvin Sanger by Mai-y Thayer, presented by Jacob Sanderson & Wife. Susannah Niles. D. of Nath". Fred* & Wife. Margaret. D. of Joseph & Wife. Sarah Page. Thomas " Lois. Joseph ' ' Elisabeth Ann. Saml " Martha Washington. D. of Tim" & Wife. Ebenezer, ) twin children of Eliza Ann Pratt. > Eben^ & Wife. Eldad. Eldad & Wife. Elisabeth Willington; Mary Shepard ; Margaret; Rhoda; Thomas; William; Ruthy ; Anne; Jonathan ; children of Jonathan & Margarett. Anthony. S. of Amos & Wife. John; Edward; Abigail Wallace; Mary ; Josiah Willington ; children of John Goodwin & Polly his Wife, baptised on her account. Samuel Frothingham, S. of Amos & Wife. Elisabeth. Jonah & Wife. Edward. Robert " Lydia, wife of Samuel Etheridge Emily; Samuel; Harriet; Lydia; Mary; John; Nancy ; children of Samuel & Lydia. Thomas. S. of Thomas & Wife. Ann Rebecca. Joseph " Isaac ; Eben ; William Taylor ; children of Row- land & Hannah. Thomas. S. of John & Wife. Seth Downs. Seth " Ann Rogers; Maria; Harriet; children of Ebenezer & Wife Leah. John Stanton. Henry. Mahitabel. Sarah Newhall. Elisabeth Reed. Thomas & Wife. Dijah, " Nicolas '' Joshua " Thomas Brown & Wife. Caroline Phillips, . ^^.^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^^ Daniel tolcord, y -.,,.. ^ ^, , C Wife Louisa. Jonathan Clark, j Emerson. S. of Simon & Wife. Katharine Henley. D. of John P. & Wife. Hannah Maria. John & Wife. Betsey Lewis. Wife of Melzar Holmes. Family Name. >■ Sanger. Thayer. Parker. Osgood. Babb. Allen. Walker. Thompson. AYhitiug. [167] Larrabee. Pollard. Goodwin. Tufts. Stetson. Calder. Etheridge. Hooper. Carter. Center. Conn. Lawrence. [168] Wade. Edes. Bowen. Brown. Hooper. Reed. Payson. Hunt. Duncklee. Skinner. Holmes. BAPTISMS, 1805. 221 Date. Child. Father. Mother. Family Name. Eliza Lewis Beal, Mary Beal, Children of Melzar Gustavus Melzar, 'Holmes & Wife. Holmes. Augustus Spencer. Sep. 2. Caroline. D. of Isaac & Wife. Carlton. 30. Geo. Washington. Lebbeus t( Curtis. Oct. 14. Joseph Lee. Stephen u Twycrofs. Nov. 11. Eleanor Neismith. D. of John & Mary. Rogers. Martha. D. of Sam! Goodwin & Wife. Twycrofs. Dec. 2. John Green. S. of John & Wife. Burdett. Samuel. Sam'. it Jaques. Ann Rogers. Thos. 0. t( Larkin. Ann. William (( Wood. 23. Charles Trowbridge. S. of Artemas & Wife. Ward. Francis. Francis & Wife. Hyde. Mary. WUliam ii Maxwell. Diana Staples. Jonathan it Locke. [169] 30. Sally. William ii Green. 1805 Elisabeth Ann. Dan>. a Leman. Jan. 5. Eliza. Luther. i( Johnson. 20. Thomas Jefferson. James t( Turner. Feb. 3. Charles. George. 11 Bartlett. 17. David. David 11 Barker. Isaac. Lemuel It Shepard. Mary. William It Cooper. 24. Miles Standish Archelaus It Flint. Mar. 17. Henry. Henry 11 Stoddard. Ann. David It Stetson. 24. William Lane. John 11 Turner. Mary Jane. Samuel .1 Allen. Mary Webb. Ashur It Adams. 31. Willard. Willard 11 Clark. Apr. 7. Louisa. Gershom 11 Teel. 14. Mary Ann Colder. Tim°, Jr 11 Thompson May- 12. David Stearns. David tt Devens. Charles. Jotham 11 Johnson. June 2. Louisa. Benj. 11 Brown. 30. Selphronia. Ebenezer 11 Gage. July 14. James Oaks. Charles 11 Bradbury. 21. Martha. John 11 Goodwin. Aug. 22. Hannah. Edmund " (both deceased). Johnson. 25. John. John 11 Skinner. Mary. Thomas (1 Osgood. Sep. 1. Juliane. Amos it Pollard. Anne Adams. Benjamin 11 Gage. 222 EECORDS OF THE FIEST CHUECH. Date. Child. Father. Mother. Family Name. Oct. 6. EUsabelJi A nn. Cotton & AVife. Center. [170] Harriel Jane. Joseph " Reed. Catharine. Wait " Pratt. 12. Josiah. Josiah " Harris. Mary. Robert " Sifson. 27. Zahdtel Boylston. ZabdielB. " Adams. Nov. 1. George, Andrew; Charles; Harriet of Andrew & Wife. • children Stimpson. 3. Caroline. Joseph. Thomas & Wi Joseph ' fe. Edes. Parker. 10. Rob'. Nathaniel. Robert Lovering. 17. Samuel. Samuel ' Stoddard. Dec. 1. Evelina. Robert ' Calder. 8. Elmira Jeffersor Anna Melura. Hannah BurdiU . John ' Ammi R. ' David ' Conn. Tufts. Edmands. 15. Ann Rebecca. Lucy. John. ' Nathaniel ' Thomas. Trask. 22. Caroline. John ' Pratt. 29. John. Samuel ' Goodhue. 1806 Luclnda. Otis Clap. Jan. 5. Polly Jackson; j Lijdia Hollis ; Catherine; Solomon; Sarah Jackson ; children of Solomon & Wife. Norton. 12. Jonathan Howe adult. Howe 1806 Jan . 19. Mary. Rowland & Wife. Center. [171] 26. Sahra Jaquish. Eldad Whiting. Jonathan Frost. Jon? , Jr. " Locke. Abigail. Wilham Cooper. Feb. 9. Isaac Carter. Isaac " Mead. John Winn. Moses B. " Walker. 23. Henry. Dijah " Bowen. Mar. 2. Catharine Henley. John " Soley. Joseph. Joseph ' ' Wilson. 20. Abigail David " Fosdick. 23. Isaac Wait. [ adults. Wait. Caleb Thayer, & his Wife, Deborah. Thayer. Elisabeth Ann. D. of James & Wife. Warren. Samuel Edward Samuel " Cutter. Isaac Benjamin Isaac " Wait. 30. Mary Ann Gray. Joseph " Shepard. Mary. Daniel " Lemau. Stephen Edman is. Sam'. " Burdet. Apr. 13. Abigail Goodwin. Sam\ Goodwin & Wife. Twycrofs. May 4. Charles. T\m' & Wife. Walker. 11. John; Archibald ; Josiah, children of John & Wife Bennoch. BAPTISMS, 1806. 223 Bate. CJiild Father. Mother. May 18. Benjamin Hastings. S. of Widow. Mary Eeald. D. of William & Wife. 25. Mary Oliver, adult. Richard Boylston. S. of John & Wife. Mary, Eliza Ann. [172] June 15. Elisha. S. of Melzar & Wife. J children of Robert & Wife. 22. 29. July 1. 6. 13. 17. 17. 20. 27. Aug. 31. Sep. 14. 28. Oct. 5. [173] 19. 26. 28. Nov. 9. 23. Thatcher Isaac Joseph I Timothy Caroline. Thomas Maudlin. Martha. Sarah Ann, Henrietta. Elisaheth Ann, \ children of Asa Webster Chick- Martha Vinal. ) ering & Wife. Sarah Wood Henley. i^^^^^_ Lydia Ann Ford. ) Isaac Kendall, adult. Edward. S. of Amos & Wife. Harriet; Rebecca; Thomas; children of Jacob & Joanna. Harriet; Mary Ann; Helen; children of Daniel & Wife. Caroline. D. of Mrs. Persis Homes (Boston). Madeline Octaoia. D. of Sam'. & Wife. Joseph. Joseph & Wife. Mary Webster, D. Family Name. Whitmarsh. Wood. Oliver. Edmands. Kathrins. Holmes. Goddard. Larkin. Brown. Fafsett. > Chickering. Henley. Ford. Kendall. Tufts. I Brown. I Scott. Homes. Etheridge. Adams. [no name], S. Saml Garjield. Matthew. Helen Lucinda. Susanna Wallan. John Frederick. Caroline. Catharine Rebecca. Mary Ann. Alexis. Richard. Hannah Gage. children of Mary Payson, W? Payson. . of Sam'. & Wife. Allen. Matthew " Skilton. Sam'. " Jaques. Lebbeus " Curtis. John " Skinner. Timothy " Thompson. Edward " Goodwin. Isaac Call " Frothingham. Lot " Pool. Isaac " Carleton. Eben'. " Thompson. Rebecca Webster, offered by Mi-& Mrs. Thompson. Webfter. David Tilton. S. of David & Wife. Moors. Nicholas. Nicholas " Brown. Francis. Oliver " Keating. Charles. Benj. " Brown. Charles Augustus Carpenter. S. of Joseph & Wife. Carter. Solomon. Solomon & Wife. Hovey. 224 EECORDS OF THE FIEST CHCTECH, Bate. 30. Dec. 7. 14. 1807. Jan. 18. 25. Feb. 15. 16. 22. Mar. 1. 8. 15. 22. [174] Apr. 5. 12. 19. June 28. 7. 14. 21. July 5. 23. Aug. 9. 16. Father. Mother. Family Name Gershom & Wife. Teel. Joseph " Williams. John " Burditt. Francis " Hyde. Child. Gershom. Mary Ann. Hannah Pine. Sophia. Elisabeth, \ Children of William Plobby & \ Abigail Anstus, y Wife, both deceased, & offered ;- Hobbey, George. ) in baptism by their Grand- ' mother, Abigail Powars. Elisabeth. D. of Abraham R. & Wife Mary Bradford. Archelaus " Mary Rufsell. George. Jefse Oaks. Hannah. George, l^homas Hunt Elisabeth Miller. Thomas Abbot. Mary. Jed" •' Jotham ' ' Jefse (deceased) " John P. " I children of Abraham R. Thomp- > son & Wife. D. of David & Wife. Thomas " Luther " John Mary Lawrence. Charles Austin. ** William Vinal. Jonas " Alice. Wife of Ebenezer. Matthew Bridge. S. of Eben'; & Alice. Robert. Robert & Wife. David. David '* Mary Haswell. John W. " Amelia Ann. " " Walter Palmer, & his Wife, Elisabeth, adults. Walter William. S. of Walter & Wife. A masa ; Pamela ; Elisabeth ; children of Amasa & Peggy Porter. Margaret; Wm. Nelson; James Augustus ; do, IF!" Mattocks Rogers, S. of Thos. O. & Wife. Eunice & Samuel, children of W". Caldwell. William. S. of William & Wife. Amanda. Robert " Henry Knox. James K. " Elisabeth Ann Morse. D. of Tim? & Wife. Matthew William. S. of Amos & Wife. Mary. Benj. " Sarah. Wife of Elihu Janes. > AlbertHenry. S. of Elihu & Wife, i Hannah Matilda. Sam'. " Mary Rufsell. John " Thompson. Flint. Morse. Johnson. Davidson. Duncklee. ' Thompson. Devens. Osgood. Johnson. Gregory. Turner. Stetson. Baker. Baker. Sifson. Stetson. Langdon. do. Palmer. Palmer. Porter, do. do. Larkin. Caldwell. Maxwell. Calder. Frothingham. Walker. Pollard. Ainger. Janes. Kidder. Soley. BAPTISMS, 1808. 225 Date. Sep. 6. [175] 13. 20. 22. 26. Oct. 4. 11. 19. Nov. 1. 8. 22. 30. Dec. 6. 20. 27. 1808. Jan. 11. Child. Father. Mother. Catharine Bi/sell. Ashur&Wife. Oliver Keating. Dixey Nancy Beard. Eben^ Nancy Farwell. HendrickW. William. James Mary Turell. John George. George Mary Barton. Walter William, Henry. S. of John & Wife. Hannah; Mary; Susan; Elmira; Ann; children of Sam\ & Rebecca. Jacob. S. of John & Wife. Agnes. David. Abigail Riggs Margaret. Ann Austin. Ashbel. Charles. Joseph. Susanna Dexter. Adeline. William David Joseph Eldad - Josiah Isaac Dijah Joseph David Moses B. Elisabeth Jones. Robert " Susannah Kettell. 'Enoch " Edward. Samuel " Mary Radford Murray. D. of John & Wife. Rebecca Parker. Wife of James. Ruth. D. of W? Sarah Hadley. James Winthrop. S. of James & Wife. 17. Ann Catharine. John " 31. Isaac. William " Feb. 14. George Storer. Joseph, Jr. " Mary Larkin. George " 21. Henry. S. of Thomas & Wife. 28. Rachel Coddington, \ children of Nath'. Nathaniel Frederick Niles. ) Thayer & Wife. Mar. 6. Robert. S. of Robert & Wife. Apr. 3. Elenor. John " George Washington, ) children of John Bolton Thomas Jefferson, i & Wife. 24. Henry. Rowland & Wife. Benjamin Webster. Benj. " Abigail Frothingham. Joseph " Mary. D. of William & Wife (deceased). 8 yrs. old, presented by her Grandmother, Mri 15 Family Name. Adams. Wilds. Gage. Gordon. Turner. Thomas. Kew. Palmer. Skinner. > Haynes. Banner. Cooper. Woodward. Whittemore. Whiting. Harris. Wait. Bowen. Shephard. Barker. Walker. Lovering. Hunt. Soley. Edmands. Nichols. Hadley. Nichols. Goodwin. Austin. Adams. Silvester Kettell. I Thayer. Kathrines. Pratt. I Bolton. Center. Gage. Parker. Hobbey. s. Powars. 226 EECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHUKCH. Bate. Child. Father. Mother. Family Name. May 22. Mary Beals. D. of Melzar & Wife. Holmes. June 26. Lewis Sargent, adult. Sargent. Eliza Ann Jones. D. of Lewis & Wife. Sargent. George. S. of Samuel & Wife. Burditt. Eliza. Joseph " Wilson. July 3. Edward Mirick. William " Wood. 24. EmUy. Tim"., Jr. " Thompson. Roxanna. Jonathan ' ' Howe. 31. John. Sam? " Haynes. Aug. 7. Alice Caroline. Isaac " Mead. 14. Peter Cushman. Peter " Jones. 28. Benj. Muzzy. Isaac " Carleton. (t Charlotte Elizabeth. D. of John W. & Wife. Langdon. Sep. 18. James Gregory. James & Wife Warren. Charles. David, Jr. " Edmands. Elholinda. Lot " Pool. 25. Sam'. Putnam. Matthew " Skelton. Susannah. Amos " Haggett. [177] Joseph Warren. Joseph " Read. Oct. 2. John Webster. S. of Widow Anna H. Chickering. Edward. Benjamin & Wife. Brown. 9. John Call. George . " Bartlett. George & Lucy Johnson, twins of Tim? & Wife. Walker. John James. John & Wife. Soley. Betsey Holt. Joseph " Brown. 23. Samuel. Thomas " Osgood. Nov. 6. Israel Jenkins. Isaac " Larkin. Samuel. David " Devens. Mary Frothingham. Lebbeus & Wife. Curtis. Dec. 11. William. Nicholas " Brown. 18. Lucena Williams. Jonas " Stetson. Mary Hurd. John " Skinner. 25. Sarah Rebecca. Jedidiah " Morse. 1809. Hannah Burdit. Caleb " Sweetser. Jan. 1. Elisabeth Maria. Francis " Hyde. 17. Jeremiah Bowers, > Twin children of Abraham K Abraham Rand. & Wife. Thompson. 29. Caroline. D. of Archelaus & Wife. Flint. Feb. 19. Sarah Ann. Amasa " Porter. 26. Maria. Dijah " Bowen. Mar. 12. Mary Ballard Rogers. Sam". " Kidder. Irene. Jonathan, Jr. " Locke. Apr. 9. Edward EppesEllery. John " Burditt. Charles Whittemore. Sam'. " Jaques. Elisabeth Gray. Hendriok W. " Gordon. BAPTISMS, 1809. 227 Date. Child. Father. Mother. Family Name. Apr. 23. Juliana. Ebenezer & Wife. Baker. 28. Henry Luce. Silas & Nancy. Dean. [178] born in Charlestown, Jan. 30 , 1809. May 7. Catharine. D. of Robert & Wife. Calder. Abigail Whitney. Alford Skelton. 14. Ruth. David Stetson. 21. George Adams. Thomas Kettle. George Frederick. William Maxwell. June 2-5. George Reed. Luther Johnson. July 2. Hannah Carey. Robert Sifson. Caroline Ann. Solomon Hovey. 9. Samuel. Robert Kathrines. Susan. Samuel Cutter. Joseph Read, adult in the States Prison. Read. Aug. John Watts, \ children of Ph William Gray. \ by Dr. Holmes. iuehas & ^^^'}wheelock. 13. Jotham. S. of Jotham Johnson. Mary Little. John Turner. 20. Elmira Webster. D. Sep. 3. Frances. Robert Lovering. Elisabeth Ann. Edward Cutter. Susannah Whittemore. D. of Tim" Tufts. 10. Harriet. John Gregory. 24. Charlotte. John Rogers. Oct. 1. Charles Jarois. Elihu Janes. Moses Breck. Isaac Wait. 22. Uriah. Amos Pollard. 30. John. John Mitchell. Nov. 5. Joseph Scott. Joseph Trevett. 12. Catharine. Wife of Giles Alexander. Deborah Vinal, adult. Vinal. George. S. of Charles & Wife. Bradbury. Dec. 3. Henry Augustus. Tim? Walker. 29. Joanna. Jacob Brown. 1810. Feb . 4. Eben Austin. Sam'. G. Twycrofs. [179] 11. John M'Clure. Joseph Whittemore. Apr. 15. Gustavus Melzer. Melzer Holmes. May 20. Marshall Hutcheson. Jon" Locke. June 17. David Stearns. David Devens. 24. Hannah Louisa Cary. John Soley. June 24. John Sprague. S. of David & Wife. Barker. Mary Ann. Timothy (t Tufts. Sarah Brooks. Jacob (1 Felt. July 15. Andrew Bradshaw. James " Kidder. 29. Elisabeth Carter. Isaac t( Mead. 228 RECORDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Date. Child. Father, Mother. Family Name. June .3. Josiah Brown, adult (a Prisoner in States Prison). Aug. 26. James. S. of John & Wife. Pratt. Sep. 2. Hannah. Rowland 4( Center. Mary Ann. (( Anger. 26. George. Jacob (( Sanderson. Oct. 14. Abraham Rand. Abraham E (( Thompson. Joseph. Francis 1( Hyde. Mary Eaton, Benjamin (( Brown. 27. Augustus. Matthew u Skelton. Elbert. Reuben K. (i Blanchard. Nov. 18. James Augustus. Thomas <4 Kettell. Abijah Wyman. Abijah K Hovey. 25. Samuel. Thomas (( Osgood. John Oliver- Joseph U Brown. John Austin. John " Tufts. Dec. 23. Catharine Maria Ward. Lemuel U Bracket. 30. Hannah Matilda. D. of Sam" i( Kidder. 1811. Jan. 6. Sarah Stoddara !. Isaac (( Blanchard. 27. George. Robert t( Lovering. Mar. 3. Samuel. S. of Saml t( Jaques. [180] Charles. Isaac it Larkin. 10. Catharine Roberts. Giles u Alexander. Harriet. Benj. (( Gage. 17. Josiah Edwin. John (( Skinner. Archelaus. Archelaus (( Flint. Apr. li Martha Edes, adult. Edes. Mary Foster. D. of Michael tc Brigden. Martha Maritt. William (( Maxwell. Aaron Smith Willington. John <£ Goodwin. May 5. Sophia Rebecca. Edward (( Cutter. June 2. Henry. Isaac (( Warren. 16. Elisabeth May. Peter (( Jones. 30. Aaron. Nicholas (( Brown. Edward. Joseph (( Parker. Aug. 11. Sarah Ann Wright. Amasa (t Porter. 18. John Pope. Robert (( Calder. 30. Eleanor. David t( Stetson. Sep. 1. Elisabeth Ann. Samuel t< Rugg- Andrew Kettell. Enoch (( Hunt. 22. Martha Story. Solomon (t Hovey. Oct. 6. Catharine. Eldad u Whiting. Nov. 3. Hezehiah Woodbridge. Ashur t< Adams. 17. Elisabeth Bartlett. William & Mary. Pratt. Reuben. Joseph & Wife. Reed. Dec. 1. Joanna. <( Kidder. BAPTISMS, 1812. 229 Date. Dec. 8. 15. 1812. 29. Jan. 5. Mar. 15. [181] 22. Apr. 5. 12. 26. May 24. 31. July 26. Aug. 30. 31. Sept. 13. 20. 27. Oct. 4. 10. 25. Nov. 8. Dec. 6. 13. [1813] 27. Jan. 3. Feb. 7. 14. [182] 21. Apr. 4. 11. May 16. June 13. 27. D, Child. Geraldine. Alice Bruce Richard. George Frederick. Father. Mother. of Lot & Wife. Joseph " David " Simeon " Sally. Wife of Seth Knowles, adult. Joseph. S. of Seth & Wife. Thomas Sumner. George. William Burroughs. Elisabeth. Rebecca. Elisabeth Loring. Oliver Carter. Susannah Elisabeth. Sarah Ru/sell. Mary Gardner. Benjamin " Robert " Barny " Jeremy " Sam'. " Jacob " Saml " John " John " James ' ' Mary; Sarah; Maria; George; Charles; chil- dren of Arnold & Wife. Elihu. S. of Elihu & Wife. Samuel. Thomas " James Lingan. Abraham R. " Albert & Ameline, children of Joseph & Wife. Abijah Wyman. S. of Abijah & Wife. Elisabeth Clap. Michael " George Edwin. David, Jr. " George Gardner. S. of Gardner H. " Eliza Harris, adult. Pamela. D. of Matthew " Wymond. S. of Charles " Samuel. Samuel H. " James Fordyce. Archelaus " Sarah. John " Alfred. Alfred " Joseph Jackson, presented by W° Larkin. Edward. S. of Benj. & Wife. Elisabeth. Jacob " Vrylena. D. of Isaac " Josiah. S. of Josiah & Susan (W). John Jay. Jeremiah & Wife. Sarah. Samuel " ^"^""^'"'^^'IcliUdrenofElias " Catharine. > George. S. of Joseph " William. William S. " Charles Gage. Eben^ " Family Name. Pool. Whittemore. Devens. Flint. Knowles. Knowles. Anger. Lovering. Edmands. Wilson. Haynes. Felt. Cutter. Skinner. Soley. Nichols. Merryfield. Janes. Osgood. Thompson. Phipps. Wyman. Brigden. Edmands. Rand. Harris. Skelton. Bradbury. Bradstreet. Flint. Mitchell. Skilton. Jackson. Brown. Brown. Blanchard. Thompson. Evarts. Kidder. Phinney. Wilson. Phipps. Thompson. 230 KECOEDS OP THE FIRST CHURCH. Sate. July 18. Aug. 1. 8. 8. 15. 22. Sep. 12. 19. 26. Oct. 3. Child. Abigail Burdit. Abigail. Edward Pratt. David. Adeline; Enoch; Father. Mother, David & Wife. John, Jr. " John " Joseph " Thomas; Edward Dorr; Na- Nov. 14. [183] 28. Dec. 26. 1814. Jan. 28. 30. Feb. 20. 27. Apr. 10. 17. 24. thaniel Coolidge; James; children of Enoch & Sukey. Moses. S. of Francis & Wife. Julian. William ' ' Catharine Putnam. Arnold " Eleanor. David " George Adams. David " Charles Fisher Ames. Phinehas " William Henry. S. ofEldad " Mary Johnson, Isaac " John. Joel " Joseph " George Washington. Isaac " William. Samuel " Elihu. Elihu " Nehemiah Wyman, adult. Susan Stearns. D, Oclavus Augustus. Octavious Plummer. Benjamin Burd. Elisabeth Cary. 9. Mary Lamson. of Nehemiah, Jr. & Wife. John W.& Wife. Abraham R. " John " Sam'. " Jacob " Andrew Ru/sell (adult, a negro (died 29*). Lot Haven. S. of Lot & Wife. Sam\ Tufts. Seth " George. Enoch " Albert. Enoch " Susannah Farnsworth, the mother, & Susannah Floyd; Elisabeth; Thomas Hovey ; William Jenkins ; children of W° Susannah. Rebecca Parker. D. of James & Wife. Hannah Emily. D. of Ruth Rogers (widow). S. of Dijah & Wife. Robert " Gardner " William Stearns " Gilbert " Simeon " Eben " Rowland " William Flint. May 22. Joseph. 30. James Hovey. June 5. Lucius. 16. Abigail. 19. William. Juliana. July 3. Sarah Taylor. Family Name. Barker. Tufts. Burdit. Brown. Hyde. Hyde. Wheeler. Merrifield. Stetson. Devens. Cole. Whiting. Larkin. Moore. Read. Warren. Jaquith. Jane. Wyman. Wyman. Langdon. Thompson. Skinner. Soley. Felt. Rufsell. Pool. Johnson. Hyde. Hunt. Farnsworth. Nichols. Rogers. Bowen. Lovering. Rand. Phipps. Tufts. Flint. Baker. Center. BAPTISMS, 1815. 231 Date. July 10. 17. 24. Oct. 9. [184] 20. Dec. 4. 25. 1815. Jan. 1. Child. George Wyllys. Alfred Hall. Caroline Elisabeth, George Mirik. Edward Townsend, Augustus. Samuel Loring. Abigail. James Ru/sell. Julia. 8. 15. 22. 29. Feb. 26. Mar. 12. 26. Apr. 9. 16. May 14. [185] 21. June 18. July 2. 9. Sep. 3. 10. Father. Mother. Ashur & Wife. Amasa " Gershom " Barnabas " Samuel " Thomas " John " Archelaus " William; Catharine; Amelia; Charlotte; children of Abram & Wife (Negroes). William Fernald, adult. Wm. Raynard ; Guy Carleton ; Sarah Carleton ; Mary Souther; children of William & Wife. Mary Cordelia Barker. } Charles Frederick Waldo, i S. of Josiah H. & Wife. Margaret & Cornelia, twins of Sam'. & Wife. Caroline Harriet. D. of John & Wife. Family Name. Adams. Porter. Teel. Edmands. Raymond. Osgood. Soley. FUnt. Francis. Martha Ann. Sarah Rand. George Jenners. Charlotte. Elisabeth Bartlett. Abigail Whitney. Phebe ; John Coolidge ; dren of Job & Wife. Maria ; Sarah Webster ; Peter & Wife. Caroline. D. of John Solomon " Abraham R. " John " Samuel ' ' EHas " Alfred • " William Shepard; chil- Fernald. Barker. Rugg. Skinner. Hovey. Thompson. Goodwin. Kidder. Phinney. Skelton. ■ Richardson. Charlotte ; children & Wife. °'l Oliver Blood. Benj. " Sarah Sherman. Jeremiah " Harriet Caroline. David " Mary Anne. Gilbert " Edward. Nehemiah, Jr. " Jonathan Oaks. Charles " Franklin. Jonas " Samuel Gridley. Francis " Charles Oliver. Elisha " Frederick. S. of Arnold " Dolly Hildreth Robbins, adult. Sarah Howard. D. of Gardner & Wife. Catharine Hannah Adams. D. Presented by Nathan Adams & Wife. James. S. of Solomon & Wife. Sawyer. Mitchell. Anger. Eyarts. Edmands. Tufts. Wyman. Bradbury. Stetson. Hyde. Baker. Merrifield. Robbins. Rand. ■ Willard. Hovey. 232 KECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Date. Oct. 1. 8. 15. 22. Deo. 10. 17. [1816] 24. Jan. 7. Feb. 25. Mar. 31. Apr. 7. May 19. July 14. Aug. 25. 31. Oct. 7. Nov. 10. 17. Dec. 8. [1817] Jan. 12. Child. Father. Mother. Ambrose Stanley. Eldad & Wife. Emma Perry, adult. Caleb Strong. S. of Benjamin & Wife. Sarah Barclay, \ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^_ Amelia Ru/sell. ) Feb. 9. 23. Mar. 9, Apr. 13, May 11. George Biscoe. Job. Henry. Isaac Wilder. Edward Foster. Mary Pratt. John Austin. George Augustus. Henry Bradshaw. Elisabeth Maria. Charlotte Stearns. Angelina Stoddart Octavius Plumer. George. Charlotte. Sarah Hay. James Ru/sell. Susan Elisabeth. Maryan Souther. Jeremy & Wife. Job " Jotham " Isaac " Michael " Elias " S. Samuel " John " James " Joseph " David " W? S. " Abraham R. " of Dijah & Wife. Gershom " Benj. " of John " Enoch " AVilliam " Betsey Rugg, & Catharine Edes, adults. Catharine. D. of James & Wife. Frederick Mortimer. Elihu " Sarah Shattuck. Wife of Shadrack S. (adult). Hannah Mead. " Sam\ (do.). Evelina Hull; Frances Read ; Mary Richardson (adults'). Charles Samuel. S. of Sam'. & Wife. Mead. Sarah Johnson ; Lydia Tuf Is Perry ; Eliza Skimmer (adults'). Herryman ; Sarah ; Polly ; children of Jonathan & Wife. Bridge. Linless Rand. Wife of Thomas B. Rand. Mary Jackson. Jackson. Eliab Parker M'^Intire. M'=Intire. Pamela Martin. Martin. Frederick Peabody, & his Wife, Rebecca. Peabody. Mary Winship. Wife of John. AVinship. Rebecca Adams Campbell, ) ^ , i, ,r , . r, %^ , „ r Campbell. Martha Ann Barrett Campbell. ) Anna Palmer. D. of William & Wife. Wyman. Frederick A ndrcw. S. , 4 yrs. old, ) children of Frederick Dexter S. 2 yrs. old. ) & Wife. Peabody. Family Name. Whiting. Perry. Brown. Rogers. Wilson. Richardson. Johnson. Blanchard. Brigden. Phinney. Twycrofs. Skinner. Kidder. Reed. Devens. Phipps. Thompson. Bowen. Teel. Gage. Soley. [186] Hunt. Fernald. Rugg ; Edes. Warren. Janes. Shattuck. Mead. BAPTISMS, 1818. 233 Date. May U. 25. Jnne 8. 22. July 13. 20. 27. Child. Father. Mother. Lydia Louisa ; David; Samuel Eames ; Margaret Adams; Daniel Haskell; children of David Low & Wife. George Albert. S. of Guy Carlton & Wife. Ruth Rose, widow, & her son, Stephen. Harriet Tewkshury, adult. Loammi. S. of Loammi & Wife. Harriet. D. of do. do. Susan Thompson. D. of Sam' & Wife. James Bradish Whitney. Joseph & Hannah. Charlotte Amelia. Ashur & Wife. William Henry. Josiah, Jr. " Sarah Spear; Elisabeth Rome; David Spear; children of David S. & Wife. Frances Martha. John Aug. 10. Elbert. Abijah " 17. Sophia. Nehemiah " Sep. 7. Oliver Jaquith. Eldad Lydia Ann. Simeon " Nov. 9. Samuel. Samuel " Dec. 7. Evelina. James " [1818] 28 Susannah Coolidge. Enoch " Jan. 11. Martha. Jeremy " 18. Mary Elisabeth. Charles " Apr. 12. Gilbert. Gilbert " Elisabeth Abbot. John " May 10. Mary Leach. Wife of Thomas. Mary Bradbury. Wife of Charles. James Bicknell. S . of Thomas & Mary. Charles Forster. Charles F.& Wife. Thomas. Benjamin t June 7. Matilda Ann. Lot ( Sep. 6. Harriet. Solomon t Nov. 15. Mary Reed. Loammi ( 22. Charlotte Louisa. Joseph ( Dec. 13. Gorh am. Frederick t 1819. Jan 3. John Langley. Dijah t Mar. 28. Edioard. David I Apr. 11. Eliza Larkin. Widow of Isaac. Mary Ball. D. of Robert & Wife. May 9. Francis Prescott. S. ofElihu " June 6. William Bainbridge [• children of Peter & Elisabeth Ann. July 4. Samuel Riifsell. S of Benj. & Wife. 11. Ellen. Samuel " Family Name, [187] Low. Ilaynes. Kose. Tewksbury. Dean. Dean. Kidder. Tufts. Adams. Barker. - Ingersoll. Skinner. Hovey. Wyman. AVhiting. Flint. Rugg. Kidder. Hyde. Wilson. Bradbury. Tufts. Winship. Leach. [188] Bradbury. Leaoh. Waldo. Brown. Pool. Hovey. Dean. Reed. Peabody. Bowen. Stetson. Larkin. Edes. Jane. Sawyer. Trevett. Kidder. 234 EECOEDS OP THE FIEST CHtrECH. Date. July 18. Aug. 1. 8. Sep. 5. 12. 19. Oct. 10. CJiild. Father. Mother. Eliza Harris. Simeon & Wife. Jonathan Oaks. Charles " Martha Capen, adopted daughter of Martha. Maria. D. of Gera & Wife. Daniel Tufts. James " William. Enoch " Edward Michael. Michael " George. Benj? B. " Susan Walker. D. of Saml F. B. " Sarah Emily. " Chas. F. " Sarah. " Jeremiah " [Here, at the foot of page 188, ends the Record of Baptisms kept by Rev. Jedidiah Morse, D.D. The Record is continued by Rev. Warren Fay, D.D., as follows : — ] 1820. Apr. 2. Joseph. S. of Joseph F. & Wife. Tufts. [189] May Dec. 11. Family Name. Flint. Bradbury. Edmands. Jenkins. Kidder. Hunt. Brigden. Osgood. Morse. Waldo. Wilson. June July Aug. Apr . 2. Joseph. S. of Joseph F.& Wife. Tufts. [] Sarah Johnson. Gilbert Tufts. John. John Winship. 23. Rebecca Hill. Nehemiah & Susan. Wyman. 14. Catherine Ingersol. Jonathan & Wife. Call. Margaret Ann. Eph. Bailey. 11. Elisabeth Phipps, • & George, ch. of John & Wife. Mitchell. 18. Martha. Loammi & Wife. Dean. 25. Abigail Dinnett. William Furnell. 9. Sophia Briggs. Capt. Robert " Edes. Henry Augustus. T. (?) B. " Richards. 13. Harriot Gregory. James. " Warren. George Wakefield. Lot " Pool. 27. John ; Samuel Octavius ; George ; children of the > . ■• Widow Polly. I Sep. 3. Eliza Brooks; Loammi; Isaac; Mary Ann Roberts; ch. of Loammi & Nancy. Bap. on her account. Kendall. 10. Elisabeth Gibson; Martha Tenny; Phinehas; Lucinda Adams; RebekahDunn; Joseph; James Munroe; 1821. children of Joseph & Elisabeth. Apr. 1. Mary Kettell. D. of Simeon & Wife. 8. Clarissa Call. Benj. B. " May 13. Robert Gibson, . ^j^^j^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^.^^^ John Calvin, J- -d i- j ■■, . , ( Baptised on his account. Sarah. ) Joseph Nickerson. S. of Joseph & Wife. Baptised on her account. Elisabeth Adams. D. of Ebenezer & Wife. Baptised on her account. 20. Belinda Rebekah. D. of Frederick & Wife. June 3. William. Abijah " Underwood. Flint. [190] Osgood. Tinney. Phillips. Morse. Peabody. Hovey. BAPTISMS, 1822. 235 Date. Sep. 2. 9. 23! Nov. 11. 1822. Jan. 13. Feb. 10. Mch. 10. [191] Apr. 14. June 9. July 28. Aug. 4. Aug. 11. Aug. 18. Sep. 1. Oct. 13. 27. Dec. 22. 1823. Apr. 13. 20. May 4. June 8. [June 8] June 15. July 13. ChUd. ■ Fatlier. Mother. George. Eldad & Wife. Eliza Ann. D. of Enoch & Wife (bap. hera/ct.). Emily Goodwin. D. of Amos P. & Wife. Sophia Wyatt. Wife of T. Wyatt. Joseph Falkner. S. of Solomon & Wife. Elisabeth, ) Ds. of John & Mary his Wife. Harriet. > on her account. Sarah, & John Willand ; ch. of Widow Mary. Angelina. D. of Lot & Wife. Joseph Gerrish. William Brooks; Alfred; Sons of Geo. G. & Ann, hera/ct Harriet Atioood ; Moses; Otis Whiting; children of Joshua & Lydia Stowell, on her account. John Woodhridge. S. of William & Wife. Nehemiah " Adult. of Charles & Wife. Ashur " Jonathan 2* " Loammi Kendall ; Lydia Nichols ; Harriot Pierce ; Susanna Lewis ; Isaac Franklin. S. of Jos. & Wife (on her a/ct.). Moses [7] Ames. Silvan us B. & Lucy. Loammi & Wife. Jesse 2'J " James " John " Ephfaim " Gilbert & Wife (her a/ct.). Ebenezer & Wife. S. of Dea. M. Skilton & Wife. Eldad & Wife. Joseph P. " Wife of Clarke. AVife of Elisabeth D. Carr; Susan Waters; Hannah Dennis ; Mary Cutter ; Lucy Jeimtt ; Caroline M. Corson (?) ; Betsey Jewett ; Sarah Cade ; John; Henry; James; Elisabeth; Sarah; children of Chester & Elisabeth. Martha Brewster. Niece of C. Adams & Wife. James. S. of Rachel Niles, Widow. Samuel. S. of Samuel & Wife. Mary. D. of John " Sarah Gardner ; Relief Houghton ; Mary Ferrell ; Eliza Herrick; Charlotte Green. Elisabeth Stevens. Sophia Weston Jones. Jane Moody. D. Samuel. Phillippa. Charles Edwin. Benj. Paine. Ellis Usher. Mary. John Brooks. Caroline. Charles Edwards. Augustus Henry. Mary Jaquith. Henry. Hannah Cristy. Harriot Smith. Family Name. Whiting. Hyde. Hutchinson. Wyatt. Hovey. Pierpont. Richardson. Pool. Gerrish. Jones. Stowell. Birchmore. Wyman. Jones. Bradbury. Adams. Call. Phillips. Richards. Dean. Brown. Kidder. Winship. Bailey. Tufts. Morse. Whiting. Tufts. Cristy. Smith. [192] Adams. Brewster. Niles. Kidder. Mitchell. 236 EECOKDS OF THE FIRST CHUECH. Date. July 20. [193] Sep. 28. Nov. 9. Child. Father. Mother. 16. 30. Dec. 14. 31. 1824. Feb Mch. 14. Apr. 11. [194] May 9. 23. June 13. July 18. Aug. 8. Sep. 12. Oct. 10. Oct. 17. Nov. 7. Dec. 26. 1825. Jan. Mch. 13. James M'^Kim ; Sarah : Daniel ; Henry Perez (?) ; ) Catharine Bwight ; children of the Wld. Sarah. ) Abby Ann. D. of Benjamin B. & Wife. Elisabeth Johnson. D. of James & Susan. Edwin. S. of Amos, Jr. , & Wife. Lyman Peck; Lydia Baker ; Ruth Green Perry. Sarah ; John ; Thomas ; ch. of Wid. Lydia. Edward Andrews. S. of Andrews & Susan. Jonas; Lucy Wyman ; Charles; Susan; Louisana; children of Stephen & Lucy. Mary; Priscilla; Lucy; children of Wid. Mary. Martha Dennis. George ; Adelaide; ch. of Enoch & Eliza, on her account. John Abbot. S. of John & Wife. . 8. Hannah Hacey. Sarah; Mary; Caroline ; Josiah Locke ; Shadrach;} children of the Wid. Sarah. ) Sarah Ann D. of Simeon & Hepzihah. Eliza Woodberry. Rebecca Skimmer. Thomas Sewall. S George Washington. of Thomas & Eliza, on her account. S. of & Harriot. Jonas N. (or W. ?) Russell. Susan ; Lydia ; daughters of Wid. Lydia. William Cornelius. S. of William & Wife. Harriot. D. of Lot " 3Iary Frances. Nehemiah " Ann Maria, Children of Clark " William Clark. > Catharine. D. of Jeremy & Nancy (on her a/ct.). Lucy Dunnells. Daniel Blodget. S. of Robert & Wife. Lucy Richardson. Joseph Small. S. of Jesse & Wife. Henry Wykoff. George C. & Ann. On her acct. Frances Maria. D. of Saml & Wife (on her a/ct.). Caroline Reed. D. of Loammi & Hariot. Baptised sick at home, on her account. James ; Timothy Bryant ; John Bryant ; Lucy Eaton ; children of James & Lucy. Bap on her account. 9. Sarah Prentice. D. of Patty Trask. Martha Chickering ; Otis Vinal ; Mary Ann Tufts ; children of Peter & Wife. Bap. on her ac- count, and at her house. Family Name. Gardner. Osgood. Eustis. Tufts. Baker. Breed. [■ Bennett. Rand. Dennis. Cook. Smith. Hacey. Shattuck. Flint. Woodberry. Skimmer. Woodberry. Smith. liussell. Baker. Birchmore. Pool. Wyman. Cristy. Wilson. Dunnells. Tenny. Richardson. Brown. Jones. Rugg- Dean. Caldwell. Trask. Sawyer. BAPTISMS, 1826. 237 Date. Apr. 10'. May 1. [195] 29. June 12. Child. Father. Mother. Mary Ann. D. of E. P. & Mary. Kendall. S. of Ephraim & Wife. Benj. Gould. Son of Benj. & Wife (her a/ct.). July Aug. 3. 24. 14. Elisabeth R. Peiry ; Rebecca Perry. Lydia Jeioelt. Sarah Scholfeild [?]. D. of Gilbert & Wife (her a/ct.) Frances Elisabeth Lewis, given up by Lucy Dunnells. Family Name. Mackintire. Bailey. Thompson. Perry. Jewett. Tufts. Lewis. Sarah Frances. Henry Francis. Lucy Chaplin. Abigail Bradish. D. of Benj. & Wife. S. of WP C. D. of S. B. & Wife (her a/ct.). James & Wife. Nov. 18. Dec. 1826. Apr. 11. 19 9 June July Aug. 25. Sep. 10. Oct. 8. Abigail. D. of Amos & Wife (her a/ct.). James; William Miller; John Cutting; George; children of John M. & Wife. Bap. her a/ct. Caroline Frances. D. of Ashur & Wife. Mch. 20. Frances Anna. D. of John " (her a/ct.) George Frederick. Joseph F. " 2. Samuel. Lot " 9. Experience Holt. Elisabeth Gardner. Charles Henry. S. of Andrews & Wife. D. of James & Lucy (her a/ct.). D. of Jon«, 2d, & Wife. Nehemiah & Wife (her a/ct.). Charles " Philemon " Brown. Cristy. Richards. Eustis. Tufts. Robertson. Adams. Winship. Tufts. Pool. Holt. Gardner. Breed. Caldwell. Call. Wyman. Bradbury. Chandler. 29. 12. Oct. Nov. [196] Nov. 19. Dec. 1827 18. Sarah Trask. Sarah Payson. Isaac. Sarah Jane. Mary Elisabeth Eliza Ann, f Jacob Varnum. i '=^'''i''^° °^ *^^ "^i'^' Experience. Holt. George Frederick. S. of Ira & Wife. Wadsworth. Moses. Job " Richardson. George Washington. John & Harriot. Smith. John Francis. S. of & Phebe. Sawyer. Josiah Thomas. Barnard & Wife. Collins. May 13. Reuben Page ; Osgood Fifield ; Horace Everett ; Emily Gardner; Mary Converse. July 8. Sarah Frances. D. of Benj. & Wife. Brown. JamesWallace. Clark & Hannah. Cristy. Eleazer Fifield ; Tliomas S. Mellen; Lydia Rand; Mary Holden ; Nancy Howe. 15. Ann Eliza. D. of 22 Ann. Underwood. Sep. 9. Mary Ann; Pamelia ; John Henry; Caroline} p Maria ; ch. of Silas & Mary. i Sarah Elisabeth; William Thomas; Hannah Belcher; ) tj j ch. of Wid. Lydia. > Sarah Parker; Frances Gardner; „f.™.' ^ """'"i?' I children of Moses & Eunice. Harris. William Vane. ) 238 RECORDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Date. Child. Father. Mother. ramllyName. Sep. 30. Susan Parlcer ; Caroline Matilda ; W^ Bainhridge; [197] children of Nathl & Julia Ann. Bap. her a/ct. Turner. Sep. 30. Isaac Tucker; Mary Brech\^.'\ ; Maria Prentice ; Georgiana Augusta ; children of Widow Deborah. Thayer. Oct. 7. Charles. S. of Lot & Wife. Pool. Nov. 11. Eliza Belcher. Wife of John. Belcher. Nancy Bradford ; Mary Ann WUhins ; Mary Walker. 18. Lucy Elvira. D. of Dan'. G. & Wife (her a/ct.). Lewis. 1828. Joseph. S. of Joseph " Feb. 10. Lydia Sophia. Philimon " 24. Samuel M. & Elisabeth. Moh. 9. Eariot Eaton; Abigail F. Hopping ; Betsy Putnam; Elisabeth Ann Gardner. Apr. 13. Sylvanus Bedlow. S. of Wid. Lucy. 27. of Capt. W? & Pamelia W. June 29. Arthur. S. of Gilbert & Wife (her a/ct.). July 13. Mary Copps ; Susan Thompson; 80. Mary Ann; Eliza; Harriet Newell; Charlotte ]-p ■ Gerrish. Chandler. Simonds. Richards. Henry. Tufts. Sep. 13. Oct. 5. 1829. Mch. Apr. 12. July 12. Aug. 9. 16. Amelia, ch. of Noble & Miriam (on her a/ct.). Emeline. D. of Oliver & Mary. Caroline. Amos, Jr., & Wife (her a/ct.) Sam{ Frothingham. Sam' F. " 8. Abigail Maria. D. of E. & Wife (on her a/ct.). John Henry. S. of & Sarah W. Eliza Greenleaf. W^ife of Richard. Hannah L. Pratt. Richard Oliver. S. of Richard & Wife. Catharine Rebecca. S. of John " Warren Edwards. S. of Amos S. " S. of Reuben " S. of Joseph " D. of Jonathan 2" " S. of Peter S. of Solomon " D. of Oct. 18. Dec. 20. 1830. Apr, 11. May 16. June 27. July 11. Thomas Miller. Joseph Bennett. Sarah Payson. John Chickering. William Franklin Emeline Colby. Francis Timothy Eaton. S. of Timothy " Brown. Tufts. Tufts. Ford. [198] Studley. Greenleaf. Pratt. Greenleaf. Smith. Wilkins. Page. Damon. Call. Sawyer. Rugg. Caldwell. Bryant. Brown. Tufts. Tufts. Oakman. Bearse. Jedidiah Morse. S. of Benjamin " William Clarke. S. of William & Eliza. 4. Alfred. Joseph F. & Wife. Catharine. Sam'. & Catharine. George. Ebenezer & Anna. Abraham Fifield ; Sarah L. Jewett. Hannah Julia. D. of Wis C. & Wife (her a/ct.). Christie. William Abraham. S. of Eleazer " Fifield. John Smith; Benjamin Mirick ; Daniel Hannon ; Elisabeth Page ; Elizabeth J. Porter ; Mary Byington. BAPTISMS, 1831. 239 Date. [199] 18. Aug. 8. 29. Sept. 5. 12. 19. Oct. 3. Nov. 14. Dec. 12. 1831. Jan. 9. Mch. 20. Apr. 10. June 12. Aug. 14. [200] 21. Aug. 28. Oct. 2. Nov. 6. 13. 1832. Jan. 19. Feb. 26. June 10. July 22. Aug. 12. Sep. 9. Oct. 14. Family Name. Hill. Smith. Thayer. Sawyer. Oakman. Child. ■ Father. Mother. Henry. S. of John & Eleanor (her a/ct.). John Endicot. S. of Joseph N. & Wife. Harriet Louisa. Jechonias & Wife. Caroline Matilda, > daughters of Sawyer & Wife. Ann Elizabeth. ) Howard White. S. of Sam'. & Wife. Maria Allin; Elizabeth Byrom; Harriet M. Dwight; Elizabeth L. Cronett [?] ; Mary Trufant, Rebecca E. Lowell ; Sarah F. Brown ; Elisabeth Tuttle. Mercy. D. of Heman S. & Wife. Doane. Mary Susanna. Nath'. " Lamson. Martha Tufts; Abby Tufts; Eliza Sandin. Hannah Green. Wife of William. Allin (?) Lambert, Mary Elizabeth; Benjamin Francis; Emetine Augusta; children of Benj. & Mary his Wife (on her a/ot). Sarah Elisabeth ; Richard Devens ; Thomas Miller ; > children of Turner & Wife (her a/ct.). i Elizabeth, ) Daughters of Ephraim & Sarah \ Harriet Newell, i Brown. On her acc't. ) Warren Fay. S. of John & Wife. Sarah Poole. D. of David " Mariah Geddis. D. of Maria Allen. Charles Otis. S. of Sam'. F. & Wife (her a/ct.). Mary; Nancy; Thomas; Sarah Elizabeth ; Susan; ch. of Thos. & Elizabeth (her a/ct.). Caroline Bradlee. D. of Solomon & Wife. Joseph Franklin, } children of Joseph & Harriet, > Sarah Jane. > on her acc't. ) Frances Merinda. D. of Stephen & Wife. S. of John " Heman S. " Warren Evarts. Charles Henry. Rhoda Lawrence. John Alden, Thomas Henry, Green. Trufant. Turner. Brown. Smith. Hoyt. Allen. Tufts. By ran. Rugg- Dwight. Sawyer. Gammell. Doane. Lawrence. ■\ children of Levi & Wife, f > on her acc't, and at her r Page. Margaret Elizabeth. } house. •' John Francis. S. of John & Wife. Doane. Elizabeth Jane. D. of Thomas S. " Mellen. Persis Maria. D. of Jechonias " Thayer. Sarah Barry. Wife of Jotham. Barry. Edward Tilden. Tilden. Joseph Alscm. S. of & Sarah W. Studley. Sarah Mary Boylston. D. of W? C. & Wife. Cristy. Caroline Maria, ^ Lucy Sophia, > children of Ezra S. & Caroline. Brewster. Eliza Haywood. 5 240 RECORDS OF THE FIRST CHDRCH. Oliver. S. of Oliver & Eliza N. Dickson. Oct. 28. James FrotUmjliam. S. of James & Susan Hunnewell. Ilunneweil. Nov. 11. Mary Jane. D. of Joseph & Wife. Underwood. [Here ends the Record op Baptisms for the first two Cen- turies OF THE First Church in Charlestown.] MARRIAGES SINCE MAY, 1789. [270] George Burrough, of Newbury Port, to Mary Fosdick, of C. Ezra Welch, of Boston, to Rachel Mallelt, of C. 3. Samuel Mansir to Hepzibah Goodwin, both of C. Nath'. Rand, of Haverill, to Elisabeth Potvars, of C. Naphihali Newhall to Sarah Hooper, both of C. Samuel Phipps to Esther Rand, both of C. Cotton Center to Peggy Taylor, both of C. Battry Powars to Abigail Rand, both of C. David Carriell to Martha Leathers, both of C. Nathaniel Fowle to Love Fowle, both of C. . 28. Lot Merriam to Abigail Goodwin, both of C. David Goodwin to Polly Reed, both of C. Oliver Holden to Nancy Rand, both of C. [271] Joseph Mirick to Esther Goodwin, both of C. James Turner to Nancy Gould, both of C. Thomas Safford, of Concord, to Elisabeth Fosdick, of C. Asa Burdit to Hannah Frothingham, both of C. Joseph Lamson to Susannah Frothingham, both of C. David Bayley, of Boston, to Phoebe Hatch, of C. Warham Parks, of Westfield, to Rebecca Gorham, of C. , 10. Obadiah White to Elisabeth Hopping, both of C. William Allen, of Boston, to Martha Rand, of C. Amariah Childs to Ruthy Larkin, both of C. [272] Thomas Christy to Sarah Draper, both (?) of Boston. Thomas Hooper to Rhoda Richardson, both of G. Aaron Wedgwood to Esther Burdit, both of C. James Murry, of C, to Rebecca Carr, of Boston. John Goodwin to Polly Wellington, both of C. William Leathers to Phcebe Richardson, both of C. Deacon Thomas Thompson, of Newbury Port, to Sarah Wood, of C. Peter Chardon Brooks, of Boston, to Anne Gorham, of C. Thomas Foster to Catharine Bartlett, both of C. 24. George Runey to Hannah Turner, both of C. ^^=' In printing, the word Charlestown in the Records is abbreviated C, and the family names repeated there at the ends of the lines are omitted here. 1789. Aug. 12. Dec. 24. 1790. Jan. 23. Mch. 3. 7. May 2. July 11. Nov. 16. 24. 1791. Apr May 12. 19. Aug. 28. 30. Oct. 4. Dec. 13. 15. 20. 1792. Jan Mch. 9. May 8. June 14. 17. July 8. Aug. 17. Sep. 12. Nov. 8. 20. 20. Dec. 9. 1793. Jan. 30. Apr. 2. 22. 25. June 12. 27. July 14. 21. Sep. 24. Oct. 6. 29. Nov. 19. Dec. 2. 1794. Jan. 10. Feb. 11. 27. June 3. 17. Oct. 12. Nov. 2. 18. Dec. 16. 1795, , Jan, 6. 8. 18. Feb. 1. May 21. June 14. 21. 28. July 26. 1796, . Jan, 11. Feb. 18. Mar. 6. 10. 30. MAEEIAGES, 1793-96. 241 John Atwater, of Westfield, to Martha Call, of C. Phillips Payson, of Boston, to Ruth Larkin, of C. Gershom Williams, of Medford, to Lucy Ingols, of C. [273] John Carter to Abigail Floyd, both of C. John Hutchinson, to Mary Fox, both of C. David Edmunds to Marcy Burdilt, both of C. James Edmunds to Martha Waters, both of C. Joshua Hooper to Hannah Barrington, both of C. Tahor Hollis to Sarah Tripe, both of C. Edward Cary, Jr., of Nantucket, to Abigail Rufsel, of C. John Lamson, of Exeter, to Sally Townsend, of C. Benjamin Leathers to Elizabeth Cook, both of C. John Stanton, of Boston, to Mary Edes, of C. Samuel (?) Mansir, of C, to Nancy Brown, of Boston. 9. Thomas Rand to Mary Larkin, both of C. [274] Thomas Brazier to Elisabeth Reed, both of C. Wm. Rand to Eunice Hooper, both of C. Nathaniel Gorham, Jr., to Ruth Wood, both of C. Caleb Lamson to Joanna Rand, both of C. Ephraim Frost, Jr., of Cambridge, to Martha Boylston, of C. Nahum Fay, of Boston, to Sally Putnam, of C. George Bartlett to Mary Gorham, both of C. Jacob Thompson, of Hamilton, to Nancy Robbins, of C. George Jackins to Patty Mosely, both of Boston. Married by, Nath'. Gorham, Esq. William Miller to Mary Goodwin, both of C. , 1. James Mansir to Mary Blood, both of C. Samuel Hutchinson, of Cavendish (Vir.), to Martha Davis, of C. Isaac Bullard, of Providence, to Rachel Pratt, of C. William Spofford to Mary Sloane, both of C. [275] Andrew Rowlstone, of Boston, to Elisabeth Turner, of C. David Barker to Rebecca Sewell Burdit, both of C. Hutchinson Tufts, Jr., of Medford, to Mary Locke, of C. John Turner to Joanna Runey, both of C. Elias Farnsworth to il/ary Cary, both of C. /aeo6 Farnsworth to Marcy Hay, both of C. Samuel Haynes, Jr., of East Sudbury, to Rebecca, Bunker, of C. Jonathan Hunt, of Boston, to Hannah Larkin, of C. , 10. /saac Williams to Susanna Hooper, both of C. il/ica^ Lawrence, of Ashby, to Hannah Bunker, of C. /oAre Armstead to Nancy Larkin, both of C. Married by Dr. Bartlett. Henry Putnam, of Reading, to Zucj/ TuyJs, of C. James Tranavre to Elisabeth Swift, both of C. [276] Daniel Holden, of C, to Hannah Green, of Pepperill. Isaac Weatherby, to Hannah Cutter, both of C. 16 24:2 EECORDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Apr. 3. Joseph Stevens, ot C, to Nancy Whipple, of.Boston. 24. Daniel Carter to Hannah Calder, both of C. June 5. Silas Niks to Peggy Reed, both of C. July 31. Rowland Center to Hannah Taylor, both of C. Aug. 17. Elias Doopy to Abigail Polly, both of C. John Hunt, of C, to Eliz^ Bowles, of Boston. Sep. 6. Thomas Hills, of Savannah, Georgia, to Hannah Tufts, of C. 15. John Carter, Jr., oi C, to Esther Beacham, of Maiden. Oct. 2. James Stitls to Polly Cooke, both of C. 13. D" Thomas Millar to Elisabeth Devens, both of C. Married by Dr. Bartlett. 23. John West, of Boston, to Rachel Cole, of C. Nov. 15. Thomas Wellman, to Hannah Boivles, both of C. [277] 21. David Lloyd to Rebecca Roberts, both of C. 27. Timothy Thompson, Jr., to Sara/j Calder, both of C. Dec. 3. WorFyer, both of C. Shadrach Shattuck to Sarah Locke, both of C. Francis Bennett to Mary Reed, both of C. Thomas Hills to Susanna Coggeshall, do. Joseph Hull, of Boston, to vlnn Roberts, of C. 2. Gideon Snow, of Boston, to Ruthy Wilhelmina Barrell, of C. Joseph Bellows, of Walpole, N. H., to il/ar^/ Adams, of C. Livius Curtis to Susanna Wallis Frothingham, both of C. Charles Bradbury to Hannah Oaks, do. JoAn Kilton to Abigail Tay, do. [285] Samuel Allen to Abigail Hill, do. Gershom Bates to Hannah Buckman, do. Samuel Stoddard to Mary Davidson, do. George Washington Vinal, of C, to Nancy Deadman, of Heading. Christopher Jourdan to Mary Graham, both of C Thomas Deans, of Boston, to Betsey Tay, of C. William Belcher to Hannah Rand, both of C. Samuel Goodwin Twycro/s to Martha Austin, both of C. Archelaus Flint to Mar^/ F^in^, both of C. Robert Ernes to Martha Hall, both of C. Thomas Brown to ^nne Keyes, both of C. /oAn Skinner to Har\nah Htird, both of C. Nathaniel Alley, Jr., Boston, to ^nna Edmunds, of C. [286] Z>iy«A Bowen to Elizabeth Flint, both of C. Jonathan Blasdell to Isabella Mallett, do. George Conn, of C, to Afary Gould, of Boston. JSZi'as Farnsworth to Sa% Dixon, both of C. Rufus Piper to Dorcas Fillebrown, do. William Fuller to il/ar?/ Fosdick, do. . 8. Thomas Bellows, of Walpole, N. H. , to Eleanor Foster, of C. 11. William Niles to Afary r^orjo, both of C. 15. Stephen Barker to Susannah Horey, do. Aug. Sep. Oct. 30. 1. 14. Nov. 29. Dec. 20. 1802. Jan. 17. 30. Feb. 25. Mar. 28. Apr. 8. 21. 27. June 10. July 11. 25. Aug. 1. 26. Sep. 1803. 26. Jan, 9. 17. Mar. 24. 27. Apr. July 17. 24. 31. Aug. Sep. 11. 11. 12. 29. 30. Oct. 3. 15. 16. 20. 22. 30. Nov. 3. 22. 27. Dec. 1. 1804 . Jan MARRIAGES, 1804-1805. 245 Rufus Lucas to Olive Caldwell, both of C. William Barrett, of Maiden, to Mary Hall, of C. Marshall Stoddard to Anna Kendall, both of C. John S. Capt to Eliza M. Langdon, both of Boston. [287] John Doggett, Roxbury, to Sophia Miller, of C. Daoid Poor to Mary Carlelon, both of C. Lemuel Thayer to Abigail Prescot Childs, both of Boston. Giles Starr, Middletown, to Deborah Hill, of C. Abraham Saunderson to Hepzibah Mallett, both of C. Richard Sullivan, of Boston, to Sarah Ru/sell , of C. David Devens to Abigail Adams, both of C. Hon. John Treadwell, Salem, to Hannah Austin, of C. Isaac Butler to Nancy Chaplin, both of C. Benjamin Gage to Anne Hay, do. Ebenezer Jones to Abigail Calder, do. Solomon Spaulding to Polly Paterson, do. Joseph Gushing, Amherst, to Rebecca Edmands, of C. Nathan Bridge to Elisabeth Bartlett, both of C. [288] Jonas Tyler to Rebecca Adams, do. Jb^ra Soley to Rebecca Tyng Henley, do. . 3. Moody Whiting to Po% Sawyer, do. Joseph Parker to Afar;/ Rand, do. Cate6 Pierce to Mary Mirick, do. Samuel Cutter, of C, to Eunice Carter, of Peterborough. /saac Mead, of C, to ^Zice Carter, of Boston. Oliver Keating to 5aW^ Lyman, both of C. /saac TFai< to Rebecca Cutter, do. George Skimmer to Sa/Z^ Fowle, do. Simeon Snow, Jr., to Susanna Niles, do. Robert Lovering to Elisabeth Simonds, do. Ebenezer Robbins to Elisabeth Robbins, do. /oAn Williams, Marblehead, to Nancy Dowse, of C. Matthew Bird, of C, to Afary Baldwin, of BlUerica. 4. /acoi Saunderson, of C, to Xuct/ Pitts, of Koxbury. [289] 6. i^oAn Edmands, of C, to Mary Cunningham, of Boston. 15. Melvin Stow to j4nne Mayhem, both of C. - CaZei Hovey to 4nne Kempt, both of C. 30. .(4aro« Shattuck to Hannah Beard, do. /saac Kendall, of C, to i«c!/ Sabells, of Boston. July 21. Xei-'i Adams to Abigail Bemis, both of C. Aug. 15. Ebenezer Baker, of Boston, to j^Zfce Bridge, of C. James Rebaro to Elisabeth Slat, both of C, Mulattoes. Oct. 17. Robert Potter, of C, to /ane Perkins, of Cambridge. 27. William Wait Oliver, Salem, to iSa^!/ Gardner, of C. Nov. 3. Abraham Carleton, Boston, to Mercy Pollard, oi C. David Bolles to Zuc^ Stone, both of C. Jan. 22. Feb. 12. Mar. 13. 22. 29. Apr. 1. 26. May 2. 20. 22. June 17. June 12. Sep. 30. Oct. 7. 28. 29. Nov. 1. Dec. 13. 30. Nov. 28. 1805. , Jan, 19. Feb. 3. 17. Mar. 11. 24. Apr. 18. May 12. 20. 23. June 2. 246 KECOEDS OF THE FIRST CHTJECH. Nov. 19. Benjamin Jenkins, Andover, to Sarah Thompson, of C. 21. Daniel Farley to Ruth Fernald, both of C. [290] 28. Lewis Stearns, Boston, to Rebecca Gage, of C. Dec. 8. Benjamin Gleason to Rebecca W. Maxwell, both of C. Henry Vanvoras to Betsey Mead, both of C. 29. Henry V. Hammatl, Boston, to Abigail Manning, of C. 31. William Washburn to Rachel Barrett, both of C. 1806. Jan. 5. Solomon Hovey to Sally Johnson, both of C. 16. Thomas Gould to Lydia Ellingwood, do. 28. Lewis Sergeant to Rebecca Colder, do. Mar. 9. Caleb Thayer to Deborah Wait, do. 27. Je/se Davidson to Rebecca Oaks, do. 30. Melzer Torrey to Mary Prentice Tufts, do. Apr. 1. ZadocTc Patch, of C, to Lydia Reed, of Boston. May 18. James Curtis to Prudence Bird, both of C. 25. /oftra Baker, Roxbuiy, to Lydia Teel, of C. [291] June 4. /saac Call Frothingham to Joanna Sampson, both of C. 22. ^6eZ Chandler to Jl/ary Burritt, both of C. 29. Jonas Richardson to iSaZZ?/ Sawyer, do. Wiffiam Fernald to SaMj/ Carleton, do. July 6. George Kew to Rebecca Abbot, both of C. 27. /o^n Gregory to Sarah Call, both of C. Aug. 25. Christopher Ativell Olney, Providence, to Phebe Trumbull, of C. 28. David Woodward to Cynthia Stoddard, both of C. Sep. 22. CaZeJ Brooks, of C, to Hannah Tidd, of Medford. 28. Absalom Rand to Tkfary Winship, both of C. JoAn rw/te, />•., of C, to Abigail Wheeler, of Shvewsbury. Oct. 1. John Coombs to Margaret Davidson, both of C. 16. Ariel Spaulding to SaW;/ M'lntire, do. 27. Robert Fletcher to Catherine Turrell, do. Nov. 23. James Niles to Rachel Vinal, do. 25. JbAn Pelham to SaZiy Pierce Daniels, do. [292] 27. James K. Frothingham to Ruthy Frothingham, do. Dec. 3. Edward Dammon to Ruthy Gibhs, do. 4. /o^n Coffran to Susanna Newhall, do. 14. /o^ra Mitchell to SaHy Phipps, do. JbA;i Holton, of C, to Thankfull Allen, of Boston. 23. Joseph Ells, of C. , to Elisabeth Vinal Lewis, of Boston. 25. Daniel Pratt, Jr., Chelsea, to il:fa)-^ ffaZZ, of C. James Nichols to Rebecca Barton, both of C. Nov. 18. Ephraim Bryant to Martha Bennet, do. 1807. Jan. 1. Henry Adams to Susan Foster, both of C. /saac Xt'%, Drefden, to Elisabeth Johnson, of C. 18. Peter Gilman Bobbins, Lynn, to Abigail Dowse, of C. Laban Turner to Rebecca Burditt, both of C. 25. Leonard Bemis, Boston, to Mary Smith, of C. Feb. 8. 26. Mar. 1. 3. 5. 19. Apr. 5. June 7. July 2. 28. Aug. 9. Sep. 20. Oct. 11. 13. Nov. 15. 22. Deo. 3. 6. 10. 31. 1808. Jan. 17. Mar. 17. 24. Apr. 7. May 12. June 12. July 3. 24. Aug. 28. Oct. 2. 13. 27. 30. Nov. 2. 6. 1809. Jan. 19. Feb. 16. Mar. 15. 26. Apr. 30. June 18. MARRIAGES, 1807-1809. 247 Swethen [?] Reed, Chelsea, to Sukey FiUebrown, of C. Lewis Mason, Cambridge, to Lydia APIntire, of C. [293] Thomas Keitell to Mary Soley, both of C. Enoch Hunt to Esther Kettell, both of C. Moody Whiting to Sally Barrett, both of C. John Hay to Sally Sloan, both of C. Joshua P. Brown to Sarah Keyes, do. Edward Cutter to Elisabeth Nutting, do. John Bowers to Prudence Richard/on, do. John Kidder, Jr., to Mary Brinckley, do. James Blake to Elisabeth Clark, both of Boston. Henry Tucker to Mary Howard, both of C. Elijah Simonds, Charlestown, N. H., to Mitty Tufts, of C. William Sawyer to Susan Thompson, both of C. Daniel Frothingham, of C, to Rebecca Barrett, of Lancaster. Samuel Stevens, Jr., Andover, to Susannah Manning, of C. Jonathan L. Whiting, Boston, to Ann Barker, of C. Josiah Colby, Bowdoinham, to Sally Davidson, of C. [294] James Ayers to Sally Mansir, both of C. Otis Clap, oi C, to Sally Newhall, of Boston. Benj. Bowen to Deborah Pettingal, both of C. Moses Eastman, Salisbuiy, N. H., to Eliza Sweetser, of C. Jerahmeel Clapp to Mary Bodge, both of C. . 7. John Bates Francis to Susanna Lonnon, do., Negroes. Timothy Tufts to Sukey Cutter, both of C. Simon Cole to Lydiu Freeman, do., Negroes. Reuben K. Blanchard to Mary G. Edmands, both of C. Peter Thatcher, Boston, to Charlotte S. M'Donough, of C. Ensign Lincoln, Boston, to Sophia Oliver Larkin, of C. Jacob Caswell to Nancy Moulton, both of C. Simon Towle, Boston, to Lucy Munday, of C. James Kimball to Catharine Munroe, both of C. [295] Abijah Blanchard to Hepzibah Goodwin Mansir, do. Joseph Norcrofs, Boston, to Mary Mallett, of C. Seth Tucker, Concord (N. H.), to Eliza Kent, of C. Thomas Boylston to Marcy Farnsworth, of C. Thomas B. Rand to Priscilla Penniman, both of C. Richard Frothingham, Jr., to Mary Thompson, do. Gideon Lambert, Boston, to Nancy Wyer, of C. , 5. Joseph Phipps, Jr., of C, to Mary Bowles, of Medford. John Sweetser to Eliza Scott, both of C. William Powars to Lucy Stoddard, do. Israel Wait to Martha Trask, do. Robert Hosea to Lucy Going, both of Boston. Peter Sawyer to Charlotte Chickering, both of C. James Bagman to Betsey Nelson, do. [296] 248 RECOKDS OP THE FIKST CHUKCH. June 27. Henry Ladd, Portsmouth (N. H.), to Hannah Hurd, of C. 28. Elias PUnney, Thomaston, to Catharine Bartlett, of C. July 2. Jacob Felt to Betsey Negles, both of C. Aug. 24. Isaac Blanchard to Margarelte Wilder, do. Oct. 5. Aaron Hadley, of C, to Charlotte Nourse, of Framingham. 19. Peter Dexter to Sally Dexter, both of C. Absent from Nov. 14, 1809, to May 28th, 1810, for the recovery of health — in S" Carolina and Georgia. [Note by Dr. M.] 1810. June 14. Martin Burches to Mary Sparhawke, both of Boston, now of C. Aug. 7. Joseph Lafleur to Elisabeth Foster, both of C. Simeon Flint to Lydia Ann Ford, both of C. Josiah Salisbury, Boston, to Abigail Breese, of C. William King, Boston, to Eliza Ingersol, of C. Ebenezer Whitney to Mahetible W. Nutting, of C. Reuben W. Gerry, Boston, to Catharine Lombard, of C. John Stevens to Lucy Dickson, both of C. Gilbert Tufts to Mary Chickering, do. [297] . 13. Edward Holbrook, Boston, to Hepzibah Goodrich, of C. John Huddy King, Portsmouth (N. H.), to Harriet Dickey Green, James Bogman to Parlee Nelson, both of C. [of C. Nathan Tufts, 2^, to Sally Miller, do. Jeremy Wilson, of C, to Nancy Porter, of Boston. Peter Wright to Catharine Skillings, both of C. (Blacks). Abner Rogers to Ruth Hurd, both of C. Samuel Devens to Rachel Carver, do. Gardner H. Rand, Boston, to SaUy Frothingham, of C. John Winship, of C, to Mary Floyd, of Maiden. John Butterfield, Roxbury, to Mary Miller, of C. I. 27. Isaac Corey to Sally Center, both of C. Azariah Fuller, Brookline, to Ruth King, of C. Frederick Peabody to Rebecca Carter, both of C. Charles Richardson, of C, to Mary Lock, of Woburn. [298] Joseph Wheeler to Catharine Stevens, both of C. Lucas Peterson to Sarah Yend, do. Saml T. Armstrong, Boston, to Abigail Walker, of C. Marvin Marcy, Cambridge, to Christian li. Richards, of C. Nehemiah Wyman, of C, to Susan Cutter, of Chelsea. . 2. Moses Merrill, Medford, to Sally Parker, of C. Aaron Clapp, AVatertown, to Ann Hyde, of C. Marshall Johnson to Hannah Center, both of C. Jonathan Teel to Harriet Scott, both of C. William Norton, Boston, to Harriet Ammidon, of C. Avery Bent to Elisabeth Hamson, both of C. Oliver Brown to Hannah Spofford, do. William Munroe to Lucy Frost, do. Josiah Hatch Barker to Mary Shaltuck, do. 26. 80. Sep. 18. Nov. 15. 27. Dec. 5. 26. 1811. Jan, Feb. 5. 18. 21. 26. 27. June 18. July 15. Sep. 22. Oct. 13. Nov. 3. 1812. Feb May 10. June 7. 14. 28. Sep. 1. Oct. 1. 28. Dec. 3. 1813. Feb, Mar. 28. Apr. 29. June 17. 27. July 2. Oct. 9. 11. Nov. 21. MARBIAGES, 18H-1817. 249 [The record is continued on page 240.] Dec. 6. Benjamin Adams to Susan Wyman, both of C. Leacit Corbelt to Lucinda Winn, both of C. John Moody Robertson to Betsey Cutting, do. 16. John Dudley, Boston, to Esther Eliza Smith, of C. 26. Roswell Field, Northfield, to Peace Cook, of C. 1814. Jan. 11. Abraham Crawley, Roxbury, to Aletta Chidester, of C. Feb. 20. Elias Danforth, Lexington, to Lucy Smith, of C. Mar. 17. Thomas B. Rand to Lillis Jenkins, both of C. Thomas Brooks, Jr., to Eliza Thayer, do. May 22. James Caldwell to Lucy Bryant, do. Caleb Symmes to Mary Bowers, do. Aug. 14. John Carter to Hannah Tupper, do. 21. Jacob Macknay, of C, to Sally Smith, of Boston, Negroes. Sep. 29. Joseph Frothingham, Salem, to Deborah Tufts, of C. 1815. Mar. 4. John L. Blake to Lcetitia Vulgiers, both of C. [241] May 15. Royal W. Stanley to Eliza Ellis, do. June 15. Oliver Clark, Boston, to Abigail F. Edes, of C. Aug. 22. James Porter to Mary Edes, both of C. Oct. 9. James Burnet to Hannah Newcomb, do. 15. John Langley to Harriet Flint, do. 22. Henry Jaques to Sarah Whiltemore, do. Dec. 3. Joshua B. Phipps to Elisabeth H. Hagar, do. 1816. Jan. 7. John Thorning to Nancy White, both of C. Jedidiah Lakeman, Boston, to Rhoda Remington, of C. [of C. Feb. 4. Abel Bowman, Jr., Billerica, to Hannah Frothingham Hunnewell, Mar. 31. Lewis Worthen to Caroline Antonietta Nutting, both of C. Apr. 16. Eliphalel Ladd, Boston, to Mary Larkin Hurd, of C. William J. Walker to Eliza Hurd, both of C. June 16. John Call, Z'^, to Eliza Marple, do. ■ July 4. Robert Clark, Ackworth (N. H.), to Sally Wyman, of C. [242] Aug. 6. Elijah Vose, Jr., to Rebecca Gorham Bartlett, both of C. 22. Amasa Porter to Abigail Frothingham, both of C. Sep. 3. Simeon Flint to Hepzibah Kettell, both of C. Miles Jones, Savannah, Georgia, to Susan Barker, of C. Oct. 27. Thomas B. Wyman to Mai-y Frothingham, both of C. Nov. 5. John Winship to Mary Brown, both of C. 26. Thomas Fuller Bond to Elisabeth Champion, do. 1817. Jan. 1. William Ble/dell to Sally Rugg, both of C. 26. William M. Rogers to Lydia Hearsey, do. Feb. 10. Je/se L. Hibbs to Hannah Morris, do. Mar. 31. WUliam Hawry to Tryphena Tufts, both of Medford. Apr. 16. Amory Hartshorn, Walpole, to Emily Parker, of C. June 19. Peter Underwood, Amherst, N. H., to Ann Gage, of C. 22. Isaac Whittemore to Lydia Stickney, both of C. [243] July 27. William A. Parker to Hannah Hooper, do. 250 KECOEDS OP THE FIEST CHDECH. Charles F. Waldo to Sarah V. Forster, do. Joseph Damon, East Sudbury, to Rebecca Forster, of C. Isaac H. Robbins, Savannah, to Ruby [?] M. Barker, of C. Abel Adams, Boston, to Abby Larkin, of C. Joel Abbott to Hannah Bowman, both of C. William Oliver, Maiden, to Mary Whitmarsh, of C. Christian Schultz to Mary Wood, both of C. William Billings, of C, to Sarah Yeaton, of Boston. Isaac Chittenden to Tamson Welch, both of C. Samuel S. Reynolds to Beulah Reed, do. Samuel Abbott to Lucreiia Fowle, do. 11. Francis A. Burnham to Mary Barker, do. Robert B. Edes to Sarah Barker, do. Samuel Fisk, Hudson, to Ardelia Louisa Tufts, of C. [244] Peter Durell, of C, to Margaret F. Sutton, of Boston. Fitch Cutter, of C, to Lucy Hathorn, of Jeffrey. Stukeley B. Fefsenden, Boston, to Sarah Wyer, of C. William Morgan, of C, to Bel/ey Collins, of Boston. Rufus Brackett to Mary Ann Dadly, both of C. Joshua B. Phipps, of C, to Susan F. Pitt, of Wiscafsett. John J. Stowell to Mary Ann G. Davidson, both of C. Charles Durrie, of C, to Priscilla Holden, of Boston. John Hamson to Betsey Raymond, both of C. . 4. Joseph Lafleur, Boston, to Betsey Bryant, of C. William Badger to Afar!/ Brown, both of C. Nathaniel Childs to Catharine Stimpson, do. JoAra ii". Fisher to Jlfary McMillan, do. Henry Pease to Jane Harper, do. [245] James Eunnewell to Susan Lamson, both of C. Willard H. Symms to iSaKy Parker, do. Ebenezer Morse to Lydia Young, do. [The record by Rev. J. Morse, D.D., ends vriththe above entry, and is continued, vrithout break, by Rev. Warren Fay, D.D.] Abijah Bemis, Weston, to Nancy Turner, of C. Abel Leighton to Abigail P. Trask, both of C. John Savage to Mary Harris, both of C. Charles Wiscoat to Catharine Thompson, do. Joseph Ingalls, Jr., to JE&a Holman, do. William C. Cristy to Hannah Taylor, do. Jarvis Lothrop, Easton, to Esther Newcomb, of C. Samuel Beck to Hannah Sawtell, both of C. Shadrach Leighton, of C, to Charlotte Beard, of Boston. Charles Bruce to Nancy Creek [?], both of C. Bartlett Oilman to Betsey Galwer, both of C. [246] Richard W. Rowland, St. John's, Newfoundland, to Zucy S. lF(/man, of C. Aug. 6. 7. 18. 31. Sep. 14. Nov. 3. 4. 9. 17. 23. Dec. 8. 1818. Jan. 18. 25. Mar. 29. Apr. 5. 16. May 3. June 29. July 16. 23. Sept. 6. Nov. 15. 1819. Apr, 22. 26. Sep. 5. 23. Oct. 5. Dec. 9. 1820. [Tl is cot itinue Mar. 9. 13. May 7. 14. 18. June 25, July 6. 16. 23. Aug. 6. Oct. 15. MARRIAGES, 1821-1823. 261 20. Nathaniel I. Varnum to Emma Perry, both of C. Nov. 2. Thomas Sampson to Hannah Bradford, do. 12. Thomas Manly, Boston, to Abigail Chessman, of C. Dec. 10. Joel Hatch, Jr., Marshfleld, to Mary Daois, of C. 21. David Sewal Pearson, Andover, to Sarah Wild, of C. 1821. Jan. 10. Edmund Baylies, Boston, to Eliza Ann Payson, of C. 30. Cyrus Clark, of C, to Tabitha Oakes, of Maiden. 31. Jonathan Frost, 2d, West Cambridge, to Evilina Hull, of C. Timothy Austin to Parmilia Ball, botb of C. Timothy Bryant, Jr., to Sophia Eaton, both of C. Mr. Benjamin Trufant to Mary Folwer [?] do. Joseph Walker, to Anna Pidder, do. [247] Davis Kelly, Dartmouth, to Caroline Matilda Chessman, of C. James Smith to Elianor Jackson, both of C. , People of color. David A. Sanborn to Hannah A. Stone, both of C. Elijah Fuller, of C, to Eunice V. Collins, of Boston. Henry Tyler, Boston, to Susan Reynolds, C, Coloured people. . 17. Benjamin Russell, Salem, to Harriot Giles, of C. John Corey to Mary Cogswell, both of C. Rev. Joseph Bennett, Woburn, to Mary Lamson, of C. Eliab p. Mackintire to Mary Tufts, both of C. Luther Cushing to Eliza Wyman, do. John R. Kidder to Sarah Delano, do. Samuel Dagget to Lucy Kendall, do. Otis White to Nancy Delano, do. Jesse Twist to Mary Beaverstock, do. [248] James Eustis to Susan J. Newell, do. Amos Tufts, Jr., to Abigail W. [?] Tapley, do. Valentine Baxter, Jr. , to Sally Wyman, do. Joseph Mirick, Lynn, to Nancy C. Burbank, of C. Charles Fox, Drjout, to Sarah Stearns, of C. Jacob Sanderson, Jr., to Ruth Fox, both of C. John Allen, Sedgwick, Maine, to Maria Geddes, of C. Henry Cobb, Lynn, to Augusta Adams, of C. 1823. Jan. 5. Colbum Barrill to Susan Taylor, both of C. Matthew Pear to Rebecca Kimball, do. 7. Joshua Janes, Boston, to Elisabeth Stearns, of C. Feb. 18. Henry D. Clare, to Isabella Affleck, both of C. [249] Apr. 16. Charles Lapham to Harriot Jarvis, do. 24. James B. Bossuet, Boston, to Eliza Ann Pratt Thompson, of C. May 22. Joseph Miller, Jr., to Lucy Hadley, hoihoiC. 29. James Tolman to Mary Shepard, do. July 2. Andrew Hutchins to Charlotte Tibbets, do. 20. Caleb Drew to Harriot Pierce, both of C. Nicholas Howe, Jr., to Wealthy Pettingill, do. 24. Samwe/ Mulliken, M.D. , Dorchester, to MaryLarkin Payson, of C. Feb. 10. May 2. 24. June 7. Sep. 4. 6. 80. Nov. 25. Dec. 9. 1822. Jan. Feb. 8. 6. 20. 21. Mch. 17. Apr. 18. July 10. Aug. 4. 27. Sep. 2. Oct. 22. 23. Nov. 26. Dec. 3. 25. 252 RECORDS OF THE FIRST CHURCH. Thomas Litch to Lilly Frothingham, both of C. John Richmond to Eliza Parker, Cambridge. But the latter a member of my Parish. James Wyman, Boston, to Margaret Center, of C. Stephen Fuller to Dorcas Howe, both of C. . 15. Jonathan Barker to Caroline M. Corson, of C. [250] Benjamin Angier to Mary Miller, both of C. William N. Porter to Elisabeth M. Porter, do. Lawrence Richards to Leonora Bailey, do. Thomas Eaton, Jr., Reading, to Nancy Barker, of C. Aaron Kehew, Salem, to Ann Cutter, of C. Carlton Hadley, Boston, to Mary Barnes, of C. [ioners. William M. Pray to Eliza R. Risbrough, of Boston. My parish- Phillip Kendall to Polly Thompson, both of C. Benjamin Brown to Hannah Mead, do. Benjamin Litchfield, Boston, to Mary Ann Barker, of C. Elijah Hadley to Hannah L. Flanders, both of C. Zephaniah Osgood to Miss Sybil Rugg, do. . 2. Henry Oliver to Sarah B. Hdl, do. Capt. William M'Alein to Lucy Johnson, both of C. [251] John R. Proctor to Mary Tewksbury, do. Ebenezer R. Morse to Rhoda Tomlinson, do. Otis Clap to Eliza Larkin, do. Henry Lawrence, of C, to Rhoda Cheney, of Boston. Gaj-tafl^l R. Lundberg to Mary Mussenden, both of C. John Ireland to Nancy Sargent, do. Jaco6 AfaiM to Afar^ Cutter, do. Daniel B. Widdifield, Boston, to Harriet Hansel, of C. By a certificate from Boston. Silas Farrar, Cambridge, to Anna A. Gage, of C. Christopher Jordan to Sarah S. Porter, both of C. Nathaniel Lamson to Mary Chaplin, both of C. 1826. Mch. 13. Nathan Blodget to Elizabeth Underwood, do. 30. Guy C. Hawkins to Eliza Miller, do. £z)'a Derby to SaWi/ BlaisdUl, do. Apr. 9. Joshua S. Clark to 1/ary /ileec?, do. [252] 10. Richard Blanchard to Paulina Tufts, do. 12. ^arora BZate to Hannah C. Goodhue, do. 23. Eli Hutchins to Afary Waitl, do. May 14. Charles Hanscomb to Mehilabel Ford, do. Aug. 27. Edward Robinson to Sara/i Green, do. [parishioners. Jet. 17. Capt. iJa?pA BeaHiy to Mary C. Gardner, both of Chelsea, being 19. Josiah Brown to Eliza Barker, both of C. Nov. 2. /oAn Daraefe, of C, to BZizaie^A il/. il/o?-se, Haverhill. 23. Charles T. Scott to £/j~a Shaltuck, both of C. 30. Ira Goodrich to Hariiot E. Barker, do. Oct. 9. Nov. 23. Dec. 10. 11. 1824. Feb, 17. Mch. 18. 21. Apr. 1. 11. May 10. 16. 27. July 19. Aug. 30. Sep. 26. Dec. 2. 1825. Jan. 9. 23. Feb. 3. 20. Mch. 20. Apr. 5. June 12. July 17. Oct. 16. 20. Dec. 4. 5. Dec. 5. 1827. Jan. 18. 25. Feb. 15. Apr. 8. 15. June 14. Sep. 12. 23. Nov. 1. 14. 19. Dec. 24. 1828. Jan. Feb. 7. Apr. 10.. May 4. 22. June 1. 17. July 21. 27. Aug. 3. Oct. 17. Nov. 25. Dec. 5. 28. 1829. Mch, Apr. 12. 22. 27. May 28. June 28. July 9. 12. 19. 21. MARRIAGES, 1827-1829. 253 George W. Todd to Lucy Richardson, do. Hon. Geo. Sullivan, Exeter, N. H., to Phillippa Call, of C. 14. Charles R. Foster to Ann Evans, both of C. Sylvester Procter, Cambridge, to Harriot Gage, of C. Davi/l Burgess to Catharine Holmes, both of C. David Kelley to Olive Beaverstock, do. [253] Daniel Rhodes, Boston, to Ann D. Sprague, of C. Samuel PrescoU, Cambridge, to Delia Blanchard, of C. Alanson W. Penniman, Boston, to Abigail Whiting, of C. William J. Farnsworth, of C, to Betsy Sparrell, of Boston. James Barrell to Prudence S. Chessman, both of C. Samuel F. Tufts to Fidelia Harrington, both of C. Thomas J. Parker to Catharine Stratton, do. George Passarow to Maria W. Rusbrough, both of Boston. The latter being my parishioner. William Tufts, to Eliza B. Kendall, both of C. Silas Stickney, Boston, to Sarah Shattuck, of C. Doct. Thomas Wallace, Derry, N. H., to Martha Woodbury, Boston, a paiishioner. 31. Frederick Blanchard to Elizabeth Gaw Cooper, both of C. William L. Lewis, My parishioner, to Louisa Howe, Boston. Samuel S. Sargeant to Charlotte M. Gurney, both of C. Thomas Fowler to Phebe Ames, both of C. [254] Jonathan Phinney to Sarah Jones, Boston. He my parishioner. Joseph Chickering to Florinda [?] Campbell, both of C. Henry Tilley, Boston, to Eliza Fletcher, of C. Elisha Rogers to Margary Blake, both of C. Thomas Russell, Cambridge, to Cynthia Janes, of C. John Cade to Jane Jones, both of C. Joseph Stevens to Hannah Welsh, do. Andrew Hall to Martha C. Edmands, do. [of C. Kev. Peter Sidney Eaton, Amesbury, to Elisabeth Ann Leman, Harvey Witt, Boston, to Hannah Sanborn, of C. . 11. Simon Holden, Woburn, to Sarah H. Teel, of C. Philip P. Rogers to Ruth Ann Emery, both of C. Ebenezer F'lfield to Mary A. Wilkins, both of East Cambridge. My Parishioners. Lieut. Alvin Edson, New York, to Catharine Henly Soley, of C. Hiram Cummings, of C, to Clarissa Ann Wiley, of Lynn. Joshua Rich, Maiden, to Ruth Caldwell, of C. [255] Osgood Fifield to Nancy Hackett, both of C. Samuel Gibson, Brookline, to Mary Haynes, of C. Charles Hall, Dorchester, to Cornelia Fuller, of C. Elisha Hayden to Elizabeth J. Sables, both of Medford. The Congregational Minister was out of town. 23. Henry Children, Dover, England, to Anne Undertoood, of C. 254 EECOEDS OP THE FIEST CHURCH. 26. Forbes Odkman to Caroline Seargent, both of C. Sep. 6. Jonas W. Russell to Sarah Brown, both of Cambridge. Both my Parishioners. Oct. 20. Joseph Warren J. Niles to Mary P. Rand, both of C. Nov. 26. Isaac Bacon, Barnstable, to Lucy Holden, of C. Dec. 14. Edward Adams, 2d, to Sarah Brigdon, both of C. 21. Rev. James Walker to Catharine Barllett, both of C. 31. Luther Rugg to Eliza Ann Bry [or Bey], do. 1830. Feb. 24. Simeon Flint to Mary Ketiell,hoi\i.oiC. Apr. 6. John Buckman, Lowell, to Susan A. Warren, of C. June 22. Jacob Forster, Jr., ia Louisa Wehb,hot\ioiC . [256] July 11. Ira A. E. Taylor, Boston, to Hope M. Rich. My Parishioner. Aug. 5. Daniel Hanson to Catharine F. E. Jackson, both of C. Colored 22. Jonas Warner to Nancy Robinson, both of C. [persons. 31. Thomas Snell Mellen to Rebecca Perry, do. Oct. 4. John Doane, Jr., to Sarah C. Hovey, do. [ioner. Dec. 7. John Slade, Jr., Boston, to Lucy Lord, East Cambridge, Parish- 29. William Arnold, Jr., to Adeline Hyde, both of C. 1831. Jan. 26. William S. Cook to Martha Whiting, both of C. Mch. 17. Bradford Lincoln, Jr., Boston, to Ellen Louisa Dei-ens, of C. May 5. Oliver Dickson, of C, to Eliza A. Pierce, Maiden. 15. Nelson Cutter to Lucy Chubb, both of C. 19. John Reed Campbell to Elizabeth Farnsworth, do. 31. Jesse E. Dow to Elizabeth Stetson, do. Aug. 25. William P. Bullard to Lucy W. Bennett, do. Sep. 8. Oilman Stanley to Sahra J. Whiting, do. [257] 11. Benjamin Mirick to Laura Pratt, do. Eckley Stearns, Boston, to Hannah Pratt. Both my Parishioners. 21. Perez R. Jacobs to Nancy Howe, both of C. Nov. 3. Alvan Jewett to Sahra Ann Farmer, both of C. 8. John Tucker to Abigail Bryant, do. 27. William M. Burns to Elizabeth Bailey, do. Dec. 15. John Bartlett to Abigail Pilhbury, do. 18. John Young to Phebe Newcomb, do. 1832. Jan. 19. Rodney Center to Elizabeth F. Page, do. Feb. 12. Otis Knight, Cambridge, to Sally Hall, of C. Apr. 5. Peter B. Wiley, South Beading, to Hannah Wiley, of C. 23. Thomas Farmer to Margaret Beaverstock, both of C. May 7. Thomas Edwin Hastings to ISIary Eliza Thorp, do. 21. Thacher Magoun, Jr., Medford, to Martha Tufts, of C. 27. Edward Tilden to ilfar-y Walker, both of C. 27. Nathaniel Hitchings to Rebekah S. Randall, do. ["258] June 3. Erastus Wright, Boston, to Elizabeth Carr, of C. 14. Jonathan F. Locke, Keene, N. H., to Mary M. Adams, of C. Sep. 23. Thomas Rajferty to Sarah Ann Niles, both of C. 23. William S. Richardson to Ann P. Shedd, do. DEATHS, 1789-1790. 255 Oct. 29. ? Johnson, Bedford, to Louisa C. Beaverstock, of C. Nov. 1. Charles Pool to Charlotte Green, both of C. 4. Amos Hutchins to Eliza Skimmer, do. 29. Samuel Bass to Margaret Parker, do. Hiram Allen to Margaret Geddes, do. Charles Fletcher, Boston, to Susanna Brown, of C. Dec. 23. John Young to Prudence Ireland, both of C. DEATHS FROM JANUARY, 1789. [1] 1789. Feb. Jane (a Negro), age 10, of Decay. — Eo/e (a Negro), 75, Bilious Fever. April. Elisabeth Stearns, 70, Palsy. — Joseph Lamson, 60, Gout. — Mrs. Dixon, 44, Consumption. — May. James Brazier, 56, Cancer. JuLT. Jonathan Penny, 46, Atrophy. Aug. Mr. Corven's child, 3, Nervous fever. — Mr. D. Deven's do., 8 mo., Teething. — Mr. S. Rand's do., Still-Born. Sep. Mr. R. Frothingham's do., 10 D., Canker. — Mr. W. H. Manning's do., 4 mo., Decay. — Mr. B. Stimpson's do., 1, Canker. Oct. Charles Cordis, 2, Convulsions. — Dinah Foster (Negro), 60, Decay. — Quarco (Negro), 70, Hernia. Nov. Mrs. Eliz* Powars, 60, Influenza. Dec. Sarah Hopping, 56, Consumption. — Feggy Foster, 56, De- cay. — ■ Peter Pennington (Mulatto), 45, Consumption. — Mrs. Goodwin, 38, Dropsy. — Grace Hurd, 68, Decay. No. Inhab" Say 1,060. Births, 52 ; Deaths, 22; Natural Increase, 30. Proportion of Deaths as 1 to 48. 1790. Feb. Margaret iSuHioan, 86, Decay. — 7. Richard Cary, 73, Apoplexy. March. I. Harding's Daught', 1, Measles. — Nathan Dexter' s Son, 9 mo., do. Apkil. Jn" Hunt's Daugh', 3, Measles. — Jos'" Bartlet's Son, 3, do. — John Whiltemore, 47, Palsy. May. John Cary, 56, Decay. — Jefse Fosdick, 33, Putrid fever John Austin, 84, Cancer. June. Jas. Gibh's Daugh"', 1, Dropsy in ye Head. — Jona" Carter's Daug', 6 days. Decay. — Sam' Burdit, 56, A Fall. — John Mansir, 60, and John Mansir, Jr., 28, Drowned. — Benj. Wood, 46, Consumption. July. Jacob Frothingham's Son, 11 mos.. Convulsions. Aug. Bart" Raymond's Daught, 3 D., Schrofulous. — Ann Larkin, 36, Decay. — Sam' Dexter' s Daugh', 1, Canker. — Sarah Kettell, 60, Consumption. Sep. Isaac Snow, 30, Consumption. — Tim? Thompson's Daugh', 18 mo.. Canker. — Sam' Miller, 34, Drowned. — Sam' Moore's Son, 17 mo.. Decay. — John iroom/fe/d's Daugh', 10 mo.. Dropsy in head. 256 RECOEDS OJF THE FIRST CHURCH. Oct. Benj» Mirick's Son, 3, Worms. — Charity Raymond, 54. Decay. — John Green's Son, 10 mo.. Teething. — Naph. New- hall's Son, 6 D., Decay. [Decay, Nov. James Manning, -56, Decay. — Dinah Goodwin (Negro), 90, Dec. Jos. Bird's Daugh', Still- Born. — 25. Catharine WUUemore, 80, Decay. — 26. Joanna Adams, 60, Decay. Number of Inhabitants (1790) estimated at 1,100. Proportion of Deaths as 1 to 34. Births, 40; Deaths, 35; natural increase, 5. Increase by immigration considerable. 1791. Feb. 13. Sarah Thompson, W. of Jon« Thomp?, 26, Consumption. — 15. Stephen Miller, 73, Putrid fever. — A Child of Mr. Cade's (Son), 2 mo.. Suffocated. McH. 1. Hannah Hopping, 2^, Consumption. — 12. Polly Cogswell, 15; Putrid fever. — Eliza Thompson, 8 m., Decay. April 26. A Child of Mr. Rohbin's (Son), 4 m., Overlaid. — A Child of Mr. Phipps (Son), 1, Decay. May 21. Thomas Brazier, 56, Bilious fever. — June. Dorcas Delany, 60, Decay. — July 25. Daniel Simmonds (Stranger), 26, Erysipelas or S' Anthony's Fire. Aug. 5. Hepzibah iarfan, 10, Putrid fever. — 12. Betsey Raymond, 10, Dropsy. — 20. Maria R. Stevens, D.ofWm. Stevens, 2 y. 6 mo., Hooping Cough. Oct. Joseph Raymond, 3 mo.. Decay. — Johnson, wife of Jon« Johnson, 44, Putrid fever. — James Gould, 47, Atrophy. Dec. 9. Abigail Hurd, Daugh' of B. Hurd, Jr., 3, Hooping Cough. — 10. Joanna iSicara, 36, Consumption. — 14. lieraael Sheppard's twm. child", 4 days. Decay, one also Still-born. — Andrew Stimp- son's child (D.), 16 mo., Hooping cough. — Mr. [?] Ford's Child (Daugh), 4 mo.. Decay. — Sep. Josiah Willington's Son, 3 mo., Hooping Cough. — Oct. John Trumbull [?], 76. Consumption. The number of Inhabitants in this Parish this year estimated at 1,250. — Consequently the proportion of deaths is as 1 to 50. Births (1791), 47; Deaths, 25; natural increase, 22. The in- crease by immigration much greater. 1792. Jan. 1. Dr. Thomas Miller's Daugh', 0, Still-born. — 20. Winne- frid Brigden, 26, Consumption, Phtisis pulmonalis. Feb. Thomas Edes, 55, do. — David Devens, 45, Nervous fever. — Elisabeth Johnson, 85, Decay. April. Eunice Hooper, 50, Consumption. Ph. Pulmo. — Mary Floyd, 50, do. Mat. Joseph Phipps' Son, Still-born. — Mrs. Leathers, 56, Decay. — Naphtali jVew)eZr.s Son, Still-born. [Palsy. July. Wm. Wiley's Son, 16 mo.. Decay. — Elisabeth Mallet, 66, Sep. Betsey Hooper, 24, Consumption, Ph. Pulmo. — Joseph Kid- der, 7, Convulsions. — Cotton Center's Son, 18 mo., Small-Pox. — Abigail Edes, 26, do. , imprudent. — Hannah Hopping, 30, DEATHS, 1792-1796. 257 do. — Lemuel Sheperd, 3, do., supposed natural way. — Abigail Frothingham, 2, do. — Polly Goodwin, 6 mo., do., rather decay. [These last six marked] innoculated. Oct. Samuel Austin, 90, Decay. —Lydia Hood, 88, do. — Betsey Windship, 2, Natural Small-Pox. — Bandon Temple (Negro), 70, do.— Mrs. Wedgwood, 36, do. — Ruth Wood, 81, Decay. —Wm. Allen's Son, Stillborn. — Sally Wiley, 11, Nervous fever. — Sam' Payson's Son, 1, Canker. — Wm. H. Manning's Son, 6mo., Decay. Dec. Betsy Devens, 14, Dysentary. — Henry P. Sweetser, 50, Hepatitis. Births, 46 ; Deaths, 32 ; nat. increase, 14. Large no. of Emigrants added this year. A very healthy year. 1793. Jan. John Kidder's Daughter, 10, Dropsy. — Feb. Hepzibah Mansir, 24, Phithisis Pulmonalis. — James Bayner, 18, do. March. Isaac Kidder, 88, Decay. — Jonathan Kettle's Son, still- born. — Mary Penny, 70, Decay. — May. Elizabeth Brigden, 58, Inflamatory fever. July. Catharine Kettle, 50, Ph. Pulmo. — 31. Jed'' Edwards Morse, 10 mo.. Gangrene. Aug. Amos Tufls' Son, 13 mo., Canker. — Anne Scatter, 89, De- cay. — Jno. Brinhley'sHaxi^'., 13 mo.. Canker. — Sol" Phipps' Daugh"", 16 mo.. Diarrhea. — Sam'. Rand's Daugh', 5 mo., do. — Aaron Putnam's Daugh', 2, Putrid fever. — Nathan Dexter's Son, 2, Cho. Dyssentary. — Wm. Codman's Son, 1, do. — Dan'. Thomp- son's Daugh'', 1, do. — Lot Miiiam's Daugh', 20 mo., do. Sep. Matthew Bootman's Son, 4 mo., Canker. — Jno. Green's Son, 13 mo., Quincy. — Jno. Wait's Son, 17 mo.. Decay. — Wm. Sargeant, 44, do. — James Griffith's Son, Stillborn. Oct. Wm. H. Manning's Daugh', 4 days, Decay. — Mr. Prideaux, or Paddock, 40, Ph. Pulmo. — Mrs. LeFever, or Levarre, 60, Hamoptisis. Nov. Eward Newel, 60, Gout. — Isaac Roger's Son, 8 mo. Con- vulsions. — Thos. W. Pratt's Daugh', 19 mo.. Decay. — Dec. Hannah Hill, 78, Apoplexy. — Wm. Banton's Son, 2 weeks. Convulsions. Births, 64; Deaths, 32; nat. increase, 32. Large increase by im- migration this year. The growth of y'' town rapid. A healthful year except Aug. & Sep. Died abroad, David Wood. — Jonathan Carter on his passage from W. Indies, Put. fev. aged [no dates with these deaths]. 1794. (26 deaths.) 1795. (38 deaths) [no names or dates entered]. 1796. Jan. Samuel JWansiV's D. , 3 weeks. —7th. Isaac Mallet's Child. — 10. Obadiah White's D., 4.— Dr. Putnam's Child, D. — Dr. Bartlett's, 5. — Polly Keyes, 14. — John Green, 22. Feb. 11. Hannah JftZZer, 47. ^ Kendall, ^5.— Viichar A Harris, 19. — Mr. Long's child. — Goldsmith Sherman, 22.* 17 258 KECORDS OF THE FIRST CHUECH. Whiting's child. — Isaac Austin, 22.* — Sam'. Wood, 22.»— A negroe man, age unknown. Apkil. Samuel Bodge, 53. — May. Knight, 76. — Moody Whiting's Child. —June. James Reid, 32. — 11. Nathaniel Gorham, 59. — Trash's Son, infant. July. Joanna Stoan, 72.t Owehridge [?], 29. — Joseph Hurd's child, S., 9 mo. — Larkin's child, D. — Parnel Boylston, 67. — Polly Hcnris, 14. Aug. Paul's infi Mullet's inf! Midlet, 86. — 3ohn BrinUey's S., 6. — Symond's S., 2. — Hetty TFeM, 39.t — Anna Rand, 71. f— Geddes child, 1. — Mary Lane, 29. Sep. Jacob Thompson's S., 1. — John Calder's S., 2. — 9. Pru- dence Smith, 36. — Tim" Walker's D. , 9 mo. Low's child. — Anthony Waters, 36. — Timothy Brigden, 70. f — Anna Mirick, 70. t — John Goodwin's S., 1. —Edward Burditt, 28.*— Abraham Rand's S., 1. — Peter (negro), child, 2. — James Sweetser, 22.* — 29th. Isaac il/a«eH, 71. Oct. 1. Choate's &., 9.— Norton's S., 2. — Sarah Call, 91. f- John Brinkley's S., 2. — Hannah Larkin, 30. — Nov. Joseph JSiVc/'s child, D. — Mary Barrett, 59. — Dan! Scott's D. — Sally Skimmer, 24. — Deo. Wait Pratt's child — Abigail Lord, 92. f N. B. Stillborn this year, three. — f Members of y« Chh., 7. — * Died abroad, 5. Deaths, 65; Births, 83; natural Increase, 18. This year has been healthy. No prevalent mortal disease. Notwithstanding it has been a remarkably dying year. The Parish has increased greatly by immigrations. 1797. Jan. 1. Mary Paine, 56, Fistula. — 5. Nath'. Rand's Son, 3, Quin- sey. — 28. George Calder, news of his death arrived from the W. Indies, 32, Yellow fever, at Demerary. — 31. J. P. Duncklee's Son, 2 mo.. Decay. Feb. 8. Sam'. Frothingham's Son, 1 day. Fits. — 13. George Runey, 39, Dissentary, or West India flux. — 20. N. Trash's Son, 8 days, Fits. — 22. Lydia Buncklee, 38, Phithisis Pulmonalis. — Moody Whiting's Son, stillborn. March 8. Barker (Widow), 76, Decay. — 9. Hannah Breed, 14, Consumption. — 12. Mary Curven, 43, Cancer in womb. — 16. Eldad Whiting's Son, Stillborn. — 19. Fanny Russell, 17, Nervous fever. — Sam. Niles', Jr., Son, Stillborn. April 6. Eben' Gage's Daugh', 2, Quinsey. — 14. Elisabeth Phipps, 75, Decay. — 22. John Keyes, Jr., 19, Nervous fever. — 28. Hannah .Jackson, 42, Apoplesy. — May 10. James Breed, 29, Consumption. — 11. Sam'. Austin's Son, 4, Fits. June 2. Wm. Knapfel's Son, 10 mo., Canker, — 5. Elisabeth Bisp- ham, 72, Palsey. —26. Harriet H. Talbot, 23, Phthisis Pulm., died at Menotomy, Cambridge. — 29. Sally Frothingham, 26, Phthisis Pulm. DEATHS, 1797-1819. 259 July 2. Betsey Rayner, 20, do., do. — 4. Kiohard Miller, 78, De- cay. — 17. David Wood, 87, Cancer. — 21. Abigail Kemble, 27, Ph. Pulm. Aug. 15. Rich* Pierce, 40, drowned. — 21. Griffin's negro child, 9 mo., Fitts. Sep. 2. Milicent Ball, 56, Decay. — 5. Wm. H. Manning's Son, 5 mo.. Canker. — 6. Rebecca Frolhingham, 48, Dropsy. — Jn° Harris' Son, 16 mo., Convulsions. — 15. Hannah Rhodes, 83, Decay. Oct. 6. Jed*" Morse's Son, 5 mo.. Inflammation of y' brain occa- sioned by a fall. — 7. Elisabeth Taylor, 33, Nervous fever. — 13. Ayer's Son, 13 mo., Dissentary. — 14. Wm. Leathers, 65, Hepatitis. — 26. Betsey Robbins, 8, Worms. — 27. Isaac Mallet's Son, 10 weeks, Canker. — James Frothingham's Son, 5, Dissentary. Nov. 5. Bela Mitchell, 37, Putrid fever, tanner & butcher. — 15. Betsey Hall, 27, do., or Bilious fever. — 30. Sam' Sprague's Son, 14 mo.. Decay. Dec. 19. Haimah Brazier, 53, Consumption. — 20. Elkanah Welch, 72, do. — 23. Anna Lynch, 96, Old age. — 29. Mrs. Baker, about 30. Total, 50. 1 upwards of 90; 2 between 80 and 90; 5 do., 70 and 80. [Names of those who died were not recorded after this date, but some sta- tistics are given. ] No. of Deaths in Charleslown loithin the Neck. 1798, .^O, of whom 3 were between 80 and 90, 8 upwards of 50. — 1799, 60 (?), of whom 7 were above 60. — 1800 [blankj. — 1801, 95, of whom 2 were upwards of 70. — 1802, 79. — 1803, 57 (do., 6). — 1804, 68 (do., 9). — 1805, 76 (do., 5). — 1806, 80 (do., 6). — 1807, 90, of whom 2 ab. 90, 5 bet. 80 and 90, 8 bet. 70 and 80. — 1808, 78. — 1809, 81, of whom 3 were chh. members, 4 abo.ve 70. Population about 3,500 (1 in 45). — 1810, 63, of whom 6 were above 70 ; population about 4,000, 1 to 63. — 1811, 100 (3 = 80 — 90; 13 = 70 — 80; 6 = 60 — 70). — 1812, 93 (2 = 80—90; 5 = 70 — 80; 4 = 60 — 70). — 1813, 175 (3 above 80; 7 = 70 — 80; 5 = 60-70; 7 = 50 — 60; 17 = 40 — 50; 10 = 30 — 40; 12 = 20 — 30; 7 = 10 — 20; and 47 under 10, of whom 28 were infants. Beside 27 soldiers died, in town, & about 20 at the Marine Hospital and State's Prison). 1814, 79 (2 above 80; 4 = 70 — 80; 11 = 40—70; 37 4 and under). 1815,iO£>(6 above 80; 11 = 70 — 80; 34 = 30 — 70; 30, 2 yrs. and under; see Ser. on I. Kings, 18, 21, preached Jan. 7, 1810). 1816, i^^ (2 above 80; 10 = 70— SO; 5 = 60 — 70; 15 = 40 — 60; 25 = 20 — 40; 24 = 2 — 20; 24 under 2; 20 still born). — 1817, 16S (2 above 80; 6 = 70 — 80; 12 = 50 — 70; 50 = 20 — 50; 90 under 20, of whom 63 were infants). A sickly year. — 1818, 92 (1 above 80 ; 5 = 70 — 80; 8 = 60—70; 33 = 20 — 60; under 2, 23). 1819, 128 (5 above 80; 3 = 70 — 80; 4 = 60 — 70; 7 = 50 — 60; 12 = 40 — 50; 13 = 30-40; 17 = 20 — 30; 13 = 4 — 20; 37 under). 260 EECOEDS OF THE FIEST CHUECH. [The statistics, kept to this date by Dr. Morse, are contiaued by Dr. Fay.] Deaths. Under 10. 10-20. 20-30. 30-40. 40-50. EO-60. 60-70. 70-80. 80-90. 90-100- 1820. 90 51 3 7 6 4 8 4 2 5 1821. 144 82 1 17 14 12 8 3 6 1 1822. 105 54 3 5 11 13 5 6 4 4 1823. 83 40 5 8 10 6 6 8 1 4 1824. 87 38 3 10 10 7 5 4 3 5 2 1825. 166 78 10 28 14 5 11 8 8 4 1826. 135 66 6 12 8 16 15 5 6 1 1827. 115 54 6 17 17 8 4 3 4 1 1 1828. 96 59 3 9 6 6 6 6 1 1 1829. 106 52 5 17 12 5 5 7 4 1 1830. 90 15 2 4 8 9 3 5 6 1 1 Not including the public Establishments, State Prison, McLean Hospital, Marine Hospital, Navy Yard, and Almshouse (12 in the last, 1828). 1830 does not include " the Catholics." A considerable amount of CharUstown Records are printed. Land Records, 1638-1802, inftluding the "Possessions," 1638; Streets^ 1670; Surreys, 1713-14, 1767, and 1802, etc., are in the Third Report of the Eecord Com- missioners, Boston, 2d ed., 1883. — Extracts from the Town Records, 1646 to 1814, quite full, and many of them important, made by Wm. Sawyer, are in the B. Hill Aurora, 1838 (Bib., p. 60), of which there is a file in the C. Public Library. — Church Records, complete, 1632-1789, were prepared by James F. Hunnewell. See Bib., aud p. 193. Also 1789-1832, on pp. 193-260. — Those of fhe Harvard Church since 1816 were prepared by H. H. Edes (Bib., p. 87). — Many extracts from Church, Lodge, Society, and Towu Records are in publicatious to which the Bibliography directs. "The Geuealogies and Estates" of C, 1629-1818 (2 vols., 1880), also contains an immense number of items from Eecords aud other sources, but by no means all the personal data available (compare List, pp. 157-74, Church Record above, and pp. 193-259, herein). The author died when his proof-reading had extended only a few pages, and an arduous labor was committed by him to his editor, who was thus obliged to follow, to great extent, the MS. as he left it. Modest as he was laborious, the author would hardly have claimed that he had found and done every- thing, yet he did a vast deal. He had a strong attachment to his native town, and no expression of it could be more touching than his when the writer congratulated him that his life-work had reached the printer. He raised both hands and threw back his head with a silent look of heart-felt delight, and that look was on his face when the writer for the last moment saw him. The manuscript Eecords of the Town were in much need of care, arrangement, and binding ; indeed some of them were only bound in boxes or barrels. Accord- ingly one of the last acts of the City Council (1873) was to appropriate funds for this purpose. Fortunately there was a native who has a strong regard for the old place, and an intelligent conception of good work. To him was assigned the labor now approaching completion. The necessary expenditures will probably leave him with the frequent reward gained in services for historj', — a clear conscience and invisible pecuniary profits ; but the Eecords of the old town will be in thorough order, associated, as they should be, with the name of Henry H. Edes. Or aA W ATCU-']VO%JD FromrourLordlefus Chrijlunto his Qburches: Efpecially tho/e within the Colony of the MASSACHUSETS In :j^sw-^ehJjLAHT> To take heed of