r*'^**^^^*^^^ iflSis(iwi»»il'*«WW- i ^»^ II^LIMX)^ wm 'J- 1 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Cornell University Liorary F 547L6 H6 History of. Loaan,Coun^^^^^ 3 1924 028 805 575 Overs The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028805575 4 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS, TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS OITIBS, VILLAGES AND TOWNS, EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITAKT, AND POLITICAL HISTORY, PORTRAITS OP PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF REPRESBNTATIVB CITIZENS. ALSO A CONDENSED HISTORY OF ILLIIsrOIS, EMBODYING ACCOUNTS OF PKEHISTOKIC RACES, INDIAN WARS, AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL AND POLITICAL HISTORY. IliliVSTKATED. CHICAGO: INTER-STATE PUBLISHING CO. 1886. ITTnTT o Tv*" PREFATORY. In placing this volume before their patron's the publishers feel that their work will stand the test of candid criticism. They have spared neither endeavor nor expense that could add to this History OF Logan County to make it all that it should be; and they there- fore feel assured that those citizens who have for a twelvemonth past watched with a friendly interest the progress of the work will not be disappointed with the product of that long period of careful, concentrated labor. That this volume, containing as it does in its 900 broad pages more than 5,000 dates and five times as many names, should be absolutely free from trivial errors, they do not claim, and suppose the citizens of Logan County will not expect; but the publishers have a right to believe— such has been the care bestowed upon the work by competent, experienced writers, print- ers and proof-readers — that even the petty and unimportant class of errors have been mostly avoided, and that essential misstatements of facts will nowhere be found. The riches of historic lore, gath- ered from more than 2,000 pioneers and their descendants by the writers of the History of Logan OoaNTv, have been returned to them in what has seemed an appropriate and acceptable form. It has been the study of the publishers, by aid of all that is most ex- cellent in the art of typography and book-binders' skill, to send forth this work as its worth deserves. "Whatever may be the verdict of those who do not realize the ex- tent of the work, and, therefore, make no allowance for the many different ways the errors may occur, we feel sure that all just and thoughtful people will appreciate our efforts, will recognize the great public benefit that has been accomplished, and will value the work as a memorial in the years to come of the lives and adventures PREFATORY. of the early pioneers, of the lives of menjprominent in political and business circles, and of individuals of less note, but none the less necessary to the county's history, that would otherwise have passed into oblivion. In compliance with an expressed wish of many of the citizens of Logan County, we have thought best to supplement our work with a succinct history of Illinois, in which we have begun the tracing of historical events at the earliest period, following down the stream of time to the present, noting many important incidents which will doubtless be of much interest to every reader of these pae;es. THE PUBLISHERS. Chicago, June, 1886. TABLE OF CONTENTS. HISTORY OF IIiIiI3I01S. FORMER OCCUPANTS. Monnd-Biiildera— Galena Mounds— Large Cities 17-20 INDIANS. An Original Race— Origin of Name— Illinois Confederacy — Starved Rock— Sacs and Foxes — Manners and Customs— Single-Handed Combat with Indians 31-30 EARLY DISCOVERIES. NicholasPerrot- Joliet and Marquette- La SaUe'a Explorations— Great Battle of the Illl- nois— Frenchmen Driven Avpay- Inhuman Butchery— Tonti Safe at Green Bay— La Salle's Return — La Salle's Assaesination 31-43 FRENCH OCCUPATION. First Settlements— The Mississippi Company— The People Taxed— Arrival of John Law- Visions of "Wealth— The Bubble Burst 44-47 ENGLISH RD'LB. Claimed by the English— General Clark's Exploits- He Takes Kaskaskia- Vincennes Capt- ured—The Hair-buyer General— Advantageous Services of Clark 47-54 ILLINOIS AND NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. County of Illinois— Ceded in 1781— Ordinance of 1787— Sympathy with Slavery— St. Clair, Governor of Northwestern Territory- Illinois Territory 55-'59 WAR OF 1818. The Outbreak— Massacre at Fort Dearborn— Slaughter of Prisoners— Kinzie Family Saved— Expedition Against the Indians— An Indian KUled— Town Burned— Peoria Burned— Ex- pedition up the Mississippi— A Desperate Fight 59-74 ILLINOIS AS A STATE. Organization— Boundary Changed— First Constitution— Derivation of the Name Illinois- State Bank— Lafayette's Visit — Early Governors- Grammar and Cook Contrasted 74-83 INDIAN TROUBLES. Winnebago War— John Reynolds Elected Governor— Black Hawk War- Stillman's Run- Assault on Apple River Fort— Rock River Expedition— The Battle of Bad Axe— Inci- dents of the Battle— Black Hawk Captured— Sketch of Black Hawk— Black Hawk Set at Liberty— Death and Burial 83-95 FROM 1834 TO 1842. Internal Improvements-Stupendous System of Improvement Inaugurated— Illinois and Michigan Canal— Panic Repudiation Advocated— Martyr for Liberty— Carlin Elected Governor ; 95-102 If^ CONTENTS. PRA.IBIE PIRATES. Organized Bands— Ogle County the Favorite Field— Earning ol Ogle Conntr Coart-Houee— Campbell Killed -The Murderers Shot 102-104 MORMON WAR. "Latter Day Saints"— The Founder of Mormonlsm— Attempt to Arrest Joe Smith-Origin of Polygamy— Joe Smith as a Tyrant— Military Forces AssembliDg— Smith Arrested— Joe Smith and His Brother Killed— Consternation at (Juincy— Various Depredations- Incendiarism— Making Preparations to Leave— The Battle of Nauvoo— Maltreatment of New Citizens— The Mormons Reach Salt Lake 104-118 MEXICAN WAR. Battle of Buena Vista— Bravery of the Second Ulinois- Saddest Event of the Battle— Victory for our Army— Honored Names of this War ' 118-124 THE WAR FOR THE UNION. Feeling at the South— Abraham Lincoln Did Not Seek the Presidency — States Seceding— The Pall of Sumter— Call for Troops Promptly Answered— A Vast Army Raised in Eleven Days — A General Summary— Capture of the St. Louis Arsenal — Liberality as Well as Patriotism— Sherman's March to the Sea— Character of Abraham Lincoln— The War Ended— The Union Restored- Schedule of Illinois Volunteers 125-141 OFFICIAL. Governors of Illinois — Lieutenant-Governors- Superintendents of Public Instruction — Treasurers — Secretaries of State— Auditors-State Senators— Representatives in Con- gress 141-154 HISTORY OF liOGAar COUKTY. CHAPTER I. iNTKODUCTORT. Changes of Fifty Year8--Life in the Crowded Bist— Courage of the Pioneers— Their Labors and Rewards— A Pen Picture 165-159 CHAPTER II. Scientific. Situation— Boundaries— Topography and Geology— Streams— Economic Geology— Coal- Building Material— The Prairies— Timber 160-180 CHAPTER HI. First Settlement and Early History. Names and Doings of the First Comers — The Deep Snow and the Sudden Change — Claims and First Improvements — Mirage and Traveling at Night — Prairie Fires 181-215 CHAPTER IV. Civil History. Formation of Logan County— First Election— Election Precincts— Township Organiza- tion— OlBclal Record— County Seats- PostviUe, Mt. Pulaski and Lincoln— Public Build- ings 216-239 CHAPTER V. Old Settlers' Association. Organization— Summary of Proceedings and Abstracts of Speeches Made by the Pioneers at the Annual Reunions S30-2S8 ^^ CONTENTS.. CHAPTER VI. POUTICAL. Logan CoTiDty, first Whig, then Republican, and latterly Democratic— Curaory View of Blectlona— Abstract of Election Returns, with Majorities and Pluralities 259-372 CHAPTER VII. The Civil War. The First Gun— Springing to Arms— Patriotism in this County— Pirtt Companies from Logan — County Action — Attitude of the Press— Sketches of Regiments to which the County Largely Contributed— Soldiers' Monument 873-287 CHAPTER VIII. The Pbbss. Improvements in Journalism and Increase in its Power— Early Papers in Logan County — Papers at Lincoln, Atlanta andMt. Pulaski — Journals Now Published — Sketches of the Editors 288-296 CHAPTER IX. LOQAN COITHTT BAR. Lawyers of thePast— Courts— State's Attorneys— General Remarks— Anecdotes of Lin- coln—Present Bar— Personal Mention 297-320 CHAPTER X. The Medical Profession. Preliminary Remarks — Physicians of the Past — Physicians of the Present — Biographi- cal 321-336 CHAPTER XI. Educational. Importance of Free Schools— Early Schools-How Built— Progress in Methods— General Remarks— First School in Logan County— Schools of the Present— Statistics and General Information— Teachers' Institutes— Lincoln University 337-363 CHAPTER XIL AGRICUIiTURAL. Logan an Agricultural County — Advantages Afforded to Stock-Raisers— Corn the Chief Crop— Other Products- Statistics- Landlordism— Agricultural Society— First Fair— Sub- sequent Pairs-Atlanta Fairs- Old Settler's Cabin 364-;»7 CHAPTER XIII. Railroads. Powerful Agency in Developing a New Country- Histories of the Roads Crossing this County- Chicago & Alton— Peoria, Decatur & Evansville— Champaign & Havana-Illi- nois Midland— Illinois Central 388-397 CHAPTER XIV. Dark Deeds. Murder at Middletown— Suicide and Attempted Wif e-Murder- Mysterious Murder in 1870 —A Parmer Clubbed to Death— Murder Near Cornland— Suicide in a Park— Killing of Harry Taibott — Suicide at Lincoln— Attempted Murder and Successful Suicide — The Clare- Connors Murder— A Patal Blast— Suicide of Ben Frank— Shot Himself —A Medical Stu- dent's End- Triple Murder— A Prominent Farmer Suicides— The Carpenter Case 398-413 CHAPTER XV. Statistical. Valuation and Taxation of Property in 1866, 1875 and 1885— Population of the Courty by the Different Federal Censuses 411-416 CHAPTER XVI. CiTT OF Lincoln. Early History— Progress— Municipal History— List of City Offlceis, 1805-'85— Coal Mines —Banks — Press— Educational- Religious — Library— Asylum for Feeble-Minded— Lodges, etc.— Biographical 417- W8 HiJ*= CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVII. .^TNA Township. Geographical Description— List of Township Officials, 1867-'85— Statistics— Political- Chestnut— Methodist Episcopal Church— Biographical 539-546 CHAPTER XVIII. Atlanta Township. Geography— Township Officers, 1867-'85-Stati8tiC8— Political— Atlanta City— Early His- tory— Schools and Churches— Lodges and Other Organizations— Press— Professional Men— Biographical 547-691' CHAPTER XIX. Broadwbll Township. Geographical Description— Official List, 1867-'85— Statistics— Political— Broadweii Vil- lage—Growth — Business Men of To-day — Lodge and Churches — Incorporation — Biograph- ical 598-624 CHAPTER XX. Chester Township. Geographical Description— List of Township Officers, 1867 to 1885, Inclusive- Statistics —Political— Churches-Biographical 625-644 CHAPTER XXI. CoRwiN Township. Geography— List of Township Officers— Statistics— Political— Middletown— Early His- tory— Business— Odd Fellows Order — Churches— Biographical 645-660 CHAPTER XXII. Bast Lincoln Township. Geography— List of Officials, 1867-'85 — Statistics — Political — Lawndale — Biographi- cal 661-674 CHAPTER XXIII. Elkhart Tow^nship. Geographical Description — Township Officers, 1867-^85 — Statistics — Political — Elkhart Village— Business— Incorporation — Orgaaizations- Biographical 675-690 CHAPTER XXIV. Eminence Township. Geographical Description— Township Officers Since Organization of the Township — Statistics- Political — Christian Church— Biographical 691-717 CHAPTER XXV. HuRLBUT Township. Location and Boundaries— Official List, I867-'85— Statistics— Political— Biographical. .71S-T2-i CHAPTER XXVI. Labnna Township. Description— List of Township Officials, 18e7-'85— Statistics— Political— Latham— Bio- graphical 723-739 CHAPTER XXVII. Lake Pork Township. Location— Township Officers, 1867-'85— Statistics— Political— Biographical 740-745 CHAPTER XXVIII. Mt. Pulaski Township. Geographical— Official List— Statistics— Political— Mt. Pulaski VUlage— Early History- Incorporation— County Seat— Miscellaneous Matters— Schools— Churches-Miscellane- ous Organizations— Biographical 746-B20 CHAPTER XXIX. Oran Township. Geography— TownshipOfflcers— Statistics— Political— Season— Business— Churches-Bi- ographical 821-843 3 V ^ Orvil Township. CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXX. Location— List o£ Township Officers, 1867-'85— Statistics— Political— Hartaburg—Emden —Biographical 844-855 CHAPTER XXXI. Prairie Creek Township. Description— List of Township Officers, 1867-85— Statistical— Political— San Jose— Bio- graphical 856-865 CHAPTER XXXII. t^iiERiDAN Township. Location — Official List— Statistics — Political— New Holland— Business— Lodge — Churches —Biographical 866-884 CHAPTER XXXIII. West Lincoln Township. Location and Boundaries— Townshii) Officers— Statistics— Political — Biographical 885-909 BI04kRAPHICAI. ski:t€hes. Adolph. Michael 859 Allen, Oscar 304 AUen.S. G 304 Altic, Rev. John 888 Applegate.F. S 694 Armington, Arthur 679 Armstrong, Andrew 633 Armstrong, James 533 Arnold, J. K 563 Arnold, Obediah 563 Ash, J. W 564 Atchison. G. W 825 Aner, John Til Awe, George 889 Ayree, James 761 Ayres.J. R 763 Baak, Rev. Bernard 538 Baldwin, Daniel 454 Baker, B.F 639 Barnard, W.T 630 Barnes, A. C 564 Barnett, J.R 334 Barr,G.W 835 Barr, Lewis 826 Bartholomew, Amos 325 Banmaun, Jacob 763 Beach, T.T 305 Beam, S. C 763 Beaver,L.K 889 Bechmann, Christian 737 Beers, Thomas 664 Beldler,S. L 764 Bekemeyer, O. Q 29i Bennett, G. F 565 Bentley, John 565 Bergen, G. 1 455 Berger, August 890 Berger, Henry 890 Berryhill.A. J 836 Betzleberger, G. G 818 Bevan, J.L 306 Bevan. Samuel 666 Beverly, P. M 695 Birks, David 768 Blrka, Isom 769 Birks,I. F 771 Birks, James 742 Birke, Jeremiah , 771 Blinn, E. D 306 Bock, Henry 837 Bock, W. B 649 Boetticher, Rev. J. T 772 Bogardus, Capt. A. H 680 I Bollnger, Jacob 870 Bolinger, John 871 I Bollin, Beo jamin 603 I Bollen, Herman 456 | Bollen, Jacob 456 Bolleo, John 457 I Boruffi, D.M 666 I Boughan, Abraham 6ri2 ' Bowers, G. W 457 Bowers, I. N 567 Bowles, W. F., Sr 533 Boyden, J, T 457 Brawley, J. R 695 Brier, Jacob 667 Brigga, David 604 Brining, Christopher 695 Britt, W. S 696 Broehl, Gottleib 891 Broughton, James 772 Brown, J. T 665 Brucker, George 773 Bruner, Jordan 697 Bryan, D. P 698 Buckle.', Andrew 77;! Buckles, Ellas 774 Buckles, John 775 Buckles, Robert 777 Buckles, W. R 781 Buehler, Daniel 727 Burcheft, Landrum 873 Cadwallader, A. D 307 Caldwell, A. M 873 Cantrall, C. E 568 CantrelL James 838 Capps.F.L 308 Capps, Jabez, Sr 782 Capps,T.W 683 Carlock.M. P 698 Casey, Patrick 458 Chase, Rev. J. A 458 Chenowetb, A. W 668 Cherney, Vincent 460 Chesnut, T. J 859 Church, A. B 589 Clark,Daniel 53» Clark,Ezra 738 Clark, John 326 Cochran, E. E. M 308 Coddlngton, James 460 Colvin, J. A 728 Combs, Jonathan 783 Comstock, B. F 461 Coons, J. T 669 Core, B. F 463 Core, W. F 463 Cornelius, J. S 569 Corthon, A. S 570 Corwine, W. A 463 Crain, W. D 571 Grain, W. H 893 CrihSeld, Horace 293 Critchfleld, J. A 606 Critz,Peter 660 Cunningham, J. V 860 Curtis, C. H 309 Daily, John 464 Dalzell^A. C 671 Damarin, John 464 Dana, H. W 465 Danner, Andrew, Sr 783 Danner, Christian 784 Davis, E. N 466 Davy,T. S 467 Day, Joshua 683 Deflenbaugh, A.J 571 Denger, Martin 467 Dolvin, William 6*1 Dounan, William 5;i6 Donson, J. H 828 Doten, Sorell 785 Dove, H. B 6115 Downey, J. B 666 Downey, J. J 571 Downing, J . E 631 Downing, L. D 631 Downing, Robert 786 Downing, Thomas 787 Dufl,A. M 5.17 Duff, Bbenezer 468 Duff, W. D 666 Dunham, W. H 666 Dunham, W. S 672 Dunn, G. W 326 Ebrite, G. W 327 Eddy,J. W 700 Edmonds, C. B 294 Edmonds, John 293 Eisiminger, Abram 606 Eisiminger, A. G 606 Eisiminger, David 607 EisimiuBer. Jacob 608 Elliott. H. F 468 Bstes, W. H 8;9 iK 9 ^ CONTENTS. Eury, David 608 Eury.S. M 609 Evans, D. G 651 Evans, J. W 839 Evans, Samuel 63i Evans, S.B TOO Ewing.C. 667 Ewing.I.N 701 Farrls, E. and J B38 Faakin, George 861 Faukln,Jolin 861 Penton, Peter 788 Feuerbaclier, Michael 469 Feuerbacher Brothers 469 Fields.S.H 573 Fish, W. B 388 Fisher, J.N 830 Fletcher, Eli 539 Fletcher, T. C 540 FUck, Jacob 893 Fllclf,John 893 Fogarty, William 609 FoIey.Hon.S, A 309 Foley,S. L 574 Folts,B.W 574 Forbis, W. H 610 Forsyth. R. N 894 Foster, H. W 669 Foster, Hon. J. T 653 Fren' h, Aaa 633 French, Daniel 633 Priend.J.J 470 Fruit, N. J 701 Fnlcher, Ferdinand 65 ) Oale, Harvey 70.> Galford, Rev. J. T 65-3 Gambrel, J. a 8.30 Gambrel, Thompson 8.31 Uasaway, J . D 743 Gasaway, J. W 783 Gasaway.N. P 748 Gayle.G. W 874 Gehlbach, David 633 Gehlbach, Jacob 89> Gelsthorp, George 831 Gilchrist, David 171 Gilchrist, Robert i72 Gillespie, David 47'.i Gillespie, James 47.; Gillett, J. D 474 Glenn, J . A 654 Goltra, Oliver 473 Gordon, J. B Gordon, J. F Gordon, Wallace. . Graiier, William Gr;esheim, Meyer.. Grinter, J. R Groves, John Glittery. Miliken — Glittery, S M Glittery, W. B IIag*^man, A. B Hale, J. D. 789 S3C! 83 5 4' Hilscher, J. S 705 Hill, Green 3.30 Hill.James 477 Hitchell, Peter 706 Hoblit, Frank 478 Hoblit, G. B 331 Hoblit,J. A 578 Hoblit, J. E 579 Hoblit, J. L 577 Hoblit, J. T 811 HobUt, L M 579 Hoblit, Sylvester 580 Hoduett. Joseph 311 Hogiie, J. A 849 Holler, M. L 635 Hoiton, Rev. T. T 478 Hooee, John 835 Hoo^e, J. H 580 Hopkins,J. M 790 Horn, John 739 Horrom, W. J 707 Houchin.J. B 8.35 Houser, David 581 Howser, J . A 707 Hudson, E. G 479 Hudson, G. B 480 Hudson, J. A 480 Hudson, J. B 481 Hudson, Rev. S. E 481 HummeU, David 482 Humphrey, Rev. Z. E 483 Humphrey, Robert 313 Hungerford, William 484 Hunter, S. B 684 Huston, James 744 HuUer, Frank 484 Inskeep, James 850 Isonhhrr, Jacob 875 Jackson, Levi 850 James, G. W 611 James, Robert 583 Jenner, George 790 Johnston, James 485 Johnston, John 313 Johnston, William 541 Jones, E. W 8.33 Jones, Hon. W. B 313 Jones, W. E 893 Jones, William Joseph, H. J. Joseph, T. P. Judy, D. H... Judy, Jacob. .. Judy, J. H... Kenyou, T. W Keller, J. P... 476 I Keys, Andrew 573 ' ■' ... 670 ... 476 ... 33H ... 634 Hall, Henry .'.'.'. 74! Hallman, Henry 848 Hamer, Friedericus 848 lliimer, Puter 849 Hamer, T. F 339 Hammerton, Ellas 833 Hammond, Jacob 849 Harconrt, George 541 Harley, P. M 576 Harness, Eli as 576 Harris, John 702 Harts.D. H 310 Hawes, J. H 577 Hays, A. T 834 Henn, W. F 7^:9 Heyle, F.P 789 Hickey, John 611 I-Iieronymus, J. P 703 Hieronymus, 8. E 705 Hilscher,J. F 310 836 836 486 707 583 583 487 486 83;' Keys, Francis 837 Kief,Pbilip 8:38 Kiest,H. H 89b Kiest, J. H., Jr 897 King, Charles 487 Klatt, Prank 488 iiline, John 613 Kross, Conrad 670 Keapp, Hon- Colbey 489 KuapD, C. M 490 Knight, P. B 490 Kndrr C . E 294 Kretzinger, Rev. Isaac 73'.* Krneger, Christian 897 Krusemark, William 898 Kusterer, (Jonrad 730 Lacey, .Mrs. Ruth 491 Lachemmayer, John. . .. 636 Ladew, J. A 684 LaForge, D. H 876 IjamberLJ. B 584 Landis, C. S 790 Langeobabn, Jacob 899 Lanterman, Scott 684 Larieon, Abel 585 Latham, Hon. R. B 491 Laux, Nicholas 493 Lawrence, J. C 49S La3'man, Andrew 636 Layman, George 637 Leach, A. J 685 Leach, Calvin T08 Leach.D. S 686 Leavitt, J. C 862 Leese, Jacob 586 Leesman, Kobus, Jr 900 Leimbach, Henry 730 Liesman, Brown 900 Lincoln, John 791 Lincoln, S. B 791 Lipp, John 792 Logan, S. P 494 Long, John 655 Longan, J. N 850 Lowman, S. J 612 Lucas, Hon. Allen 731 Lucas, A. H 792 Lucas, 0. E 793 Lutes, A. J 495 Lynch, Edmund 315 Maltby, Harrison 493 Marquart, P. R 586 Martin, S. G 613 Martin, W. M 794 Maitin, Zachariah 656 Mason, G H 586 Mattfeldt, T. H. O 783 Matthews, Israel 614 M atthews, Jerrv 794 Matthews, William 638 Mauier, John 639 Maus, Peter 731 Max, Christian 495 Mayer, George, Sr 796 Mayer, J. & Brother 796 Mavlield, Abram 496 Maxwell, R. C 316 McAtee, Lewie 901 McClelland, S. E 332 McCord, Prol. B. F 497 .McCormick, James 851 McEndree, G. C 686 McFadden, S. R 587 McGee, A. J 615 McKie, William 6.87 M. -..Math, James 8.32 McN' ally, Bryan 839 ileister, George 798 Meister, J. L 790 Meyer, H. R 903 Michaels, Adam 8.:;8 Michaels, G. A t<.3y Michener, J 545 Mier, George 799 iVliller, Anderson 70S Jtiller, G. v¥" 8.33 Miller, F. H s.33 Miller, Jeremiah 58^ Miller, Jeremiah 853 Miller, W. B 853 Miller, W.H 70'j Mills, P. B 395 Mohn, Henry 49s Montague, G. W 49S Montague, J. B 501 MoQtgoraery, H. C 388 Moran, Thomas 503 Morns, Gilbert 853 Mountjoy.R.L 709 Mowry, W. G 840 Mnnce, W. R 800 Mnndy, J. P 502 Mlindy, J. R 502 Musick, John 508 Musick, J. S 503 Musi' k, Samuel 710 Nail, R. P 854 Nicholson, Hon. A. B 670 Nicholson, C. A 504 Niewold, Henry 877 Niewold, Onno 878 4 '^ CONTENTS. Obcamp, Peter 505 OgUvie.G. L 505 Oglesby.C.R 801 OTIare,John 841 Oyler, P. H 332 Parauleau, C. R 801 Parker, G. W 506 Parker, Samael 507 Parks, Robert 543 Paiil, H. A. J 854 Paullin, J. H 710 Panlus, Charles 903 Peifer, Nicholas 671 Perry,L.M 333 Philipsen, L. A 711 Phinney.M.P 334 Pierce, C.H 589 Pierce, H. L 903 Price, Stephen 904 Price, T. H 878 Primm, James 640 Poe, James 803 Prnitt H. A 812 Quisenberry, Allen 711 Quisenberry, Artbur 508 Qoiaenberry, E. S 711 Qaisenberry, T. H 713 Kandolph, A. J SSIi Randolph, W. P 508 Rankin, Edmnnd fil'i Rankin, Edward * 617 Rankin, Slnnet 617 Rayburn, R. A 657 Eead,«. W 618 Reece, W. J an Reed,D. A 509 Reese, Edward 733 Ee6ve8,T.R 5S0 Relndere, John 803 Reinders, Rev. Peter 803 Reise, Augustus "99 Reise, C. G 591 Rice, Henry 71-2 Richards. W. P 65-i Hichoy, Charles 640 Rimerman, Adolpb 879 Ilimermau, Prank .-. 905 Rimerman, William 905 Ring, George 801 Ring, J. H Til Roach, Thomas 591 Roads, Jacob 713 Robinson, J. W 659 Rock, Simon 510 Rodgers, Henry 510 Romer, Anton 733 Rommel, Gottleib 733 Ropers, LoniB 511 Rose, U.E 511 Ross, J. W 513 Rothschild, Albert 515 Row, G. B 804 Rucb, J. M 502 Rupp, Cbristian.l 733 Hupp, William 805 Safly,S.F 544 Sample, Joseph 713 Schafer, W. A 806 Schicli, Frank 806 Schott, Joseph 515 Schreiber.G. C 516 Schroeder, Adolph 880 Scbweikert, Relnbold 516 Schwerdtf eger, L . C 317 Scott, A. V 592 Scott, S. B 593 Scroggin, A. C 807 Scroggin L. K 808 Seiberr, Jacob 714 Seyfer, J, G 809 Shall, George 809 Shelhammer, David 734 Slioclcey, Daniel 720 Shores, James 593 Shreve, G. W 687 Simpson, Andy 734 Simpson, Jeremiah 518 Simpson, J. A 519 Sims, David 734 Sims, D. H 736 Sisson, J. P 881 Small. C.W 517 Small, James 810 Small, J. S 517 Smedley,T. H 395 Smith, Frederick 863 Smith, J. A 334 Smith, J. Q., Jr 519 Snook, J. A 594 Snyder, C. E 810 Spellman, J.W 520 Spitly, M;irdn 641 StabI, Heary 688 Staneell, H. S 521 Starkey, J. U 672 St. C'TQy, John 521 Stelse (J. O 619 Jit. John, Van R 83.: Stokes, T. H 296 htoU, Erhard 736 Stoll, Matthew 737 Striggow, P.rederlck 619 Strong, G. H 672 Strong, Sjdvester 594 Stroud, Siuith 714 Stroud, W. B 7i:> Stiickey, John 715 Suedmeier, Christian 811 SuUivaa.A. L 84i Switzer, John 522 Talhott. R. A 883 Telfer, John 689 Templeman, R. H 642 Tendick, Dedricb 812 Thomas, Eli 864 Thompson, D. G 716 Thompson, P. A 620 Thompson, J . H 620 Tomlinson. A. H 737 Toole, J. H 813 Traner, W. H 532 Tuohy, Rev. James 523 Turley, Charles 621 Turley,D. C 643 Turley, D.E 632 Turley,G. W 813 Turley, J. O 813 Turley,R. B 815 Tnrnbolt, Darlington 523 Turner, Andrew 595 Turner, C. M 595 Turner, Emanuel 660 Tuttle, James 595 Tyler,John 864 Vanhise, Captain David., . 816 Van Meter, William 721 Vaughan, M. T 737 Walker, J. T 816 Wa^ace, S. L 318 Warrick, B.C 823 Watt.W.P 716 Wehster, J.C 643 Webster, R. K 624 Webster, R. K., Jr 525 Weed, Peter 696 Weller, George 738 Wendle, John 865 Werth, John 906 Whitaker, T. P 545 Whitaker, W. S 645 White, H. W 596 White, Jonas 884 Whiteside, James 745 Whitney, J. M 817 Wiggenton, John 91)7 Wiley, B. V 689 Williams, G.W 635 Williams, W. E 738 Wilmert.Pred 644 Wiliuert, Jacob 908 Wilson, R. M 335 Wodeski E. L 678 Wodetzki, 15. E 626 Woland.E. R 855 Woiand, Solomon 855 Woland. S. J 318 Wood. Z. K 819 Wright, J. W 623 Wvatt, W. A 537 Wyatt, W. D 319 Wyatt, W. E 627 Yocom, G. C 738 Zeiss &> Bekemeyer 819 IliIiUSTRATIONS. Armstrong, Andrew 63a Asylum for Feeble- Minded. Ill Barnes, A. C 564 Baumann, Jacob 762 Biumann, Mrs. Mina 763 Beidler, 8. L 764 Britt, W. S 696 Bnckles, John 775 Cappa, jabez .'. 748 Carlock,M. P 698 Carlock, Mrs. N. E 699 Combs, Jonathan 782 Combe, Mrs. Anne 783 Donnan, William 536 Doneon, J. H 828 Doten, Sorell 785 Downing, Robert 786 Ewing,C. 667 Ewing, Mrs Elizabeth.... 668 First t lourt-House 232 Fish, Wm. B 328 Grant, U. S 37 Harness, Ellas 676 Harness, Mrs. M. J 677 HieronymUB, J. P 703 HieronymuB, Mrs. S.E. . 703 Hoblit, J. E 579 Huston, James 744 Judy.D. H 707 Knapp, Hon. Colbey 489 Latbam, Hon. R. B 491 Lincoln, Abraham 25 Lincoln Monument 137 Meister, George 798 Nicbolson, Hon. A. B 670 Oglesby,R. J 49 Old Port Dearborn 61 Old Kinzie House 66 Rice, Henry 712 Sims, David 734 Stroud, Smith 714 Templeman, R. H 643 TnrlBV, R. E 815 Watt, W. P 716 Watt, Mrs. S. A 717 IK Missing Page *7l1 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. FORMER OCCUPANTS. MODND-BUILDEES. The numerous and well-authenticated accounts of antiquities found in various parts of our country, clearly demonstrate that a people civilized, and even highly cultivated, occupied the broad surface of our continent before its possession by the present In- dians; but the date of their rule of the Western "World is so re- mote that all traces of their history, their progress and decay, lie buried in deepest obscurity. Nature, at the time the first Euro- peans came, had asserted her original dominion over the earth; the forests were all in their full luxuriance, the growth of many cen- turies; and naught existed to point out who and what they were who formerly lived, and loved, and labored, and died, on the conti- nent of America. This pre-historic race is known as the Mound- Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earth-works left by them. The remains of the works of this people form the most in- teresting class of antiquities discovered in the United States. Their character can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and the peculiarities of the only remains left, — the mounds. They consist of remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, pleasure grounds, etc., etc. Their habitations must have been tents, struc- tures of wood, or other perishable material; otherwise their remains would be numerous. If the Mound-Builders were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? The oblivion whicli has closed over them is so complete that only conjecture can be given in answer to the question. Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were an indigenous race of the West- ern hemisphere; others, with more plausibility, think they came from the East, and imagine they can see coincidences in the religion of the Hindoos and Southern Tartars and the supposed theology' of A±, irr Li- 18 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. the Mound-Builders. They were, no doubt, idolators, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of the rising sun: when enclosed in walls their gateways were toward the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried always opened in the same direction ; whenever a mound was partially en- closed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side ; when bodies were buried in graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light. At what period they came to this country, is likewise a matter of speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their axes were of stone. Their raiment, judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted of the bark of trees, interwoven with feathers; and their military works were such as a people would erect who had just passed to the pastoral state of society from that dependent alone upon hunting and fishing. The mounds and other ancient earth-works constructed by this people are far more abundant than generally supposed, from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small and inconspicuous. Along nearly all our water courses that are large enough to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost invariably found, covering the base points and headlands of the bluff's which border the narrower valleys; so that when one finds him- self in such positions as to command the grandest views for river scenery, he may almost always discover that he is standing upon, or in close proximity to, some one or more of these traces of the labors of an ancient people. GALENA MOUNDS. On the top of the high bluffs that skirt the west bank of the Mis- sissippi, about two and a half miles from G-alena, are a number of these silent monuments of a pre-historic age. The spot is one of surpassing beauty. From that point may be obtained a view of a portion of three States, — Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. A hundred feet below, at the foot of the perpendicular cliffs, the trains of the Illinois Central Eailroad thunder around the curve, the portage is in full view, and the " Father of "Waters," with its numerous bayous ;\^ ■Sja- £k^ HISTORY OF H-LINOIS. 19 and islands, sketches a grand pamorama for miles above and b^ljw. Here, probably thousands of years ago, a race of men now extmct, and unknown even in the traditions of the Indians who inhabited that section for centuries before the discovery of America by Colum- bus, built these strangely wonderful and enigmatical mounds. At this point these mounds are circular and conical in form. The larg- est one is at least forty feet in diameter at the base, and not less than fifteen feet high, even yet, after it has been beaten by thr storms of many centuries. On its top stands the large stump of an oak tree that was cut down about fifty years ago, and its annua! rings indicate a growth of at least 200 years. One of the most singular earth-works in the State was found on the top of a ridge near the east bank of the Sinsinawa creek in th< lead region. It resembled some huge animal, the head, ears, nose, legs and tail, and general outline of which being as perfect as if made by men versed in modern art. The ridge on which it wa? situated stands on the prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height, and rounded on the top by a deep deposit of clay. Centrally, along the line of its summit, and thrown up in the form of an embankment three feet high, extended the outline of a quadruped measuring 250 feet from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail, and having a width of 18 feet at the center of the body. The head was 35 feet in length, the ears 10 feet, legs 60 and tail 75. The curvature in both the fore and hind legs was natural to an animal lying on its side. The general outline of the figure most nearly resembled the extinct animal known to geologists as the Megathe- rium. The question naturally arises, By whom and for what pur- pose was this earth figure raised? Some have conjectured that numbers of this now extinct animal lived and roamed over the prai- ries of Illinois when the Mound-Builders first made their appearance on the upper part of the Mississippi Valley, and that their wonder and admiration, excited by the colossal dimensions of these huge creatures, found some expression in the erection of this figure. The bones of some similar gigantic animals were exhumed on this stream about three miles from the same place. LAEGE CITIES. Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the Western country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the American Bottom, says: "The great number and extremely large size of some of -.\^ ^iz 20 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. them may be regarded as furnishing, with other circumstances, evidences of their antiquity. I have sometimes been induced to think that at the period when they were constructed there was a population here as numerous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile or Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most num- erous, as well as considerable, of these remains are found in pre- cisely those parts of the country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio on the east side of the Mississippi, to the Illinois river, and on the west from the St. Francis to the Missouri. I am perfectly satisfied that cities similar to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have existed in this country." It must be admitted that whatever the uses of these mounds — whether as dwellings or burial places — these silent monuments were built, and the race who built them vanished from the face of the earth, ages before the Indians occupied the land, but their date must probably forever bafile human skill and ingenuity. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the places of sepulture raised by the Mound-Builders from the more modern graves of the Indians. The tombs of the former were in general larger than those of the latter, and were used as receptacles for a greater number of bodies, and contained relics of art, evincing a higher degree of civ- ilization than that attained by the Indians. The ancient earth- works of the Mound-Builders have occasionally been appropriated as burial places by the Indians, but the skeletons of the latter may be distinguished from the osteological remains of the former by their greater stature. What finally became of the Mound-Builders is another query which has been extensively discussed. The fact that their works extend into Mexico and Peru has induced the belief that it was their posterity that dwelt in these countries when they were first visited by the Spaniards. The Mexican and Peruvian works, with the exception of their greater magnitude, are similar. Relics com- mon to all of them have been occasionally found, and it is believed that the religious uses which they subserved were the same. If, indeed, the Mexicans and Peruvians were the progeny of the more ancient Mound-Builders, Spanish rapacity for gold was the cause of their overthrow and final extermination. A thousand other queries naturally arise respecting these nations *• .r^ «U- HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 21 which now repose under the ground, but the most searching investi- gation can give us only vague speculations for answers. No histo- rian has preserved the names of their mighty chieftains, or given an account of their exploits, and even tradition is silent respecting them. india:n"s. Following the Mound-Builders as inhabitants of North America, were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnificent cities the ruins of which are found in Central America. This peo- ple was far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound-Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, which in some places for miles bestrew the ground, must have been of great extent, magnificent and very pop- ulous. "When we consider the vast period of time necessary to erect such colossal structures, and, again, the time required to reduce them to their present ruined state, we can conceive something of their antiquity. These cities must have been old when many of the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. The third race inhabiting North America, distinct from the former two in every particular, js the present Indians. They were, when visited by the early discoverers, without cultivation, refinement or literature, and far behind the Mound-Builders in the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested archaeologists, and is the most difficult they have been called upon to answer. Of their predecessors the Indian tribes knew nothing; they even had no traditions respecting them. It is quite certain that they were the successors of a race which had entirely passed away ages before the discovery of the New World. One hypothesis is that the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the "Western hemisphere. Those who entertain this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man fiat. A more common supposition, however, is that they are a derivative race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of Asia. In the absence of all authentic history, and when even tradition is ^ /. l^ 22 HI8T0BY OF ILLINOIS. wanting, any attempt to point out the particular location of their origin must prove unsatisfactory. Though the exact place of origin may never be known, yet the striking coincidence of physical organization between the Oriental type of mankind and the Indians point unmistakably to some part of Asia as the place whence they emigrated, which was originally peopled to a great extent by the children of Shem. In this connection it has been claimed that the meeting of the Europeans, Indians ^nd Africans on the continent of America, is the fulfillment of a prophecy as recorded in Gen- esis ix. 27: "God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant." Assuming the theory to be true that the Indian tribes are of Shemitic origin, they were met on this continent in the fifteenth century by the Japhetic race, after the two stocks had passed around the globe by directly different routes. A few years afterward the Hamitic branch of the human family were brought from the coast of Africa. During the occupancy of the continent by the three distinct races, the children of Japheth have grown and prospered, while the called and not voluntary sons of Ham have endured a servitude in the wider stretching valleys of the tents of Shem. When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demon- strating the truth of his theory that by sailing westward from Eu- rope land would be discovered, landing on the Island of Bermuda he supposed he had reached the East Indies. This was an error, but it led to the adoption of the name of " Indians " for the inhab- itants of the Island and the main land of America, by which name the red men of America have ever since been known. Of the several great branches of North American Indians the only ones entitled to consideration in Illinois history are the Algon- quins and Iroquois. At the time of the discovery of America the former occupied the Atlantic seaboard, while the home of the Iroquois was as an island in this vast area of Algonquin popula- tion. The latter great nation spread over a vast territory, and various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprung up over the country, adopting, in time, distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost continuous warfare was carried on between tribes ; but later, on the entrance of the white man into their beloved homes, every foot of territory was fiercely disputed by the confederacy of many neighboring tribes. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance to resist the encroachment of the whites, especially the English. Such was the -=:^=i^ HISTOEY OF ILLINIOS. 23 nature of King Philip's war. This King, with his Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New England.With the Algouquins as the controlling spirit, a confederacy of conti- nental proportions was the result, embracing in its alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the Northern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac, having breathed into them his implacable hate of the English intruders, ordered the conflict to commence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating fury of Indian vengeance. ILLINOIS CONFEDEKAOT. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was composed of five tribes: the Tamaroas, Michigans, Kaskaskias, Oahokas, and Peorias. The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares were of the same stock. As early as 1670 the priest Father Marquette mentions frequent visits made by individuals of this confederacy to the missionary station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior. At that time they lived west of the Mississippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly afterward they began to return to their old hunting ground, and most of them finally settled in Illinois. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, met with a band of them on their famous voyage of discovery down the Mississippi. They wers treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. On their return voyage up the Illinois river they stopped at the principal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kas- kaskia. Marquette returned to the village in 1675 and established the mission of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, LaSalle visited the town, it had greatly increased numbering 460 lodges, and at the annual assembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000 souls. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the conspiracy of Pontiacj although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had followed him as their leader that they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and almost annihilated them. STARVED BOOK. Tradition states that a band of this tribe, in order to escape the general slaugliter, took refuge upon the high rock on the Illinois ^c 24 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. river since known as Starved Eock. Nature has made this one of the most formidable military fortresses in the world. From the waters which wash its base it rises to an altitude of 125 feet. Three of its sides it is impossible to scale, while the one next to the land may be climbed with difficulty. From its summit, almost as inac- cessible as an eagle's nest, the valley of the Illinois is seen as a landscape of exquisite beauty. The river near by struggles between a number of wooded islands, while further below it quietly meanders through vast meadows till it disappears like a thread of light in the dim distance. On the summit of this rock the Illinois were besieged by a superior force of the Pottawatomies whom the- great strength of their natural fortress enabled them to keep at bay. Hunger and thirst, however, soon accomplished what the enemy was unable to effect. Surrounded by a relentless foe, without food or water, they took a last look at their beautiful hunting grounds, and with true Indian fortitude lay down and died from starvation. Tears afterward their bones were seen whitening in that place. At the beginning of the present century the remnants of this once power&il confederacy were forced into a small compass around Kaskaskia. A few years later they emigrated to the Southwest, and in 1850 they were in Indian Territory, and numbered but 84 persons. SACS AND FOXES. The Sacs and Foxes, who figured most conspicuously in the later history of Illinois, inhabited the northwestern portion of the State. By long residence together and intermarriage they had substan- tially become one people. Drake, in his "Life of Black Hawk," speaks of these tribes as follows : " The Sacs and Foxes fought their way from the waters of the St. Lawrence to Green Bay, and after teaching that place, not only sustained themselves against hostile tribes, but were the most active and courageous in the subjugation, or rather the extermination, of the numerous and powerful Illinois confederacy. They had many wars, offensive and defensive, with the Sioux, the Pawnees, the Osages, and other tribes, some of which are ranked among the most fierce and ferocious warriors of the whole continent; and it does not appear that in these confiicts, run- ning through a long period of years, they were found wanting in this, the greatest of all savage virtues. In the late war with Great Britain, a party of the Sacs and Foxes fought under the British Vj« — - - - — srv" >N^ — - — ^ ^, — ' 1 p^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 27 standard as a matter of choice; and in the recent contest between a fragment of these tribes and the United States, although defeated and literally cut to pieces by an overwhelming force, it is vei-y questionable whether their reputation as braves would suffer by a comparison with that of their victors. It is believed that a careful review of their history, from the period when they tirst established themselves on the waters of the Mississippi down to the present time, will lead the inquirer to the conclusion that the Sacs and Foxes were truly a courageous people, shrewd, politic, and enter- prising, with no more ferocity and treachery of character than is common among the tribes by whom they were surrounded." These tribes at the time of the Black Hawk War were divided into twenty families, twelve of which were Sacs and eight Foxes. The follow- ing were other prominent tribes occupying Illinois : the Kickapoos, Shawnees, Mascoulins, Piaukishaws, Pottawatomies, Ohippewas, and Ottawas. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but, like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love of distinction. The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient age and strength, were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot birds and other small game. Success in killing large quadrupeds required years of careful study and practice, and the art was as sedulously inculcated ia the minds of the rising generation as are the elements of reading, writing and arithmetic in the common schools of civilized communities. The mazes of the forest and the dense, tall grass of the prairies were the best fields for the exercise of the hunter's skill. ~^o feet could be impressed in the yielding soil but that the tracks were the objects of the most searching scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that made them, the direction it was pursuing, and the time that had elapsed since it had passed. In a forest country he selected the valleys, because they were most frequently the resort of game. The most easily taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the deer. It is endowed with a curiosity which prompts it to stop in its flight and look back at the approaching hunter, who always avails himself of this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow. Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. When in council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the ■^\^ 28 HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. speaker, and each individual, notwithstanding the fiery passions that rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast in bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After being lighted, it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, thirdly to the presiding spirit, and lastly the several councilors, each of whom took a whifi". These formalities were observed with as close exactness as state etiquette in civilized courts. The dwellings of the Indians were of the simplest and rudest character. On some pleasant spot by the bank of a river, or near an ever-running spring, they raised their groups of wigwams, con- structed of the bark of trees, and easily taken down and removed to another spot. The dwelling-places of the chiefs were sometimes more spacious, and constructed with greater care, but of the same materials. Skins taken in the chase served them for repose. Though principally dependent upon hunting and fishing, the uncertain supply from those sources led them to cultivate small patches of corn. Every family did everything necessary within itself, commerce, or an interchange of articles, being almost unknown to them. In cases of dispute and dissension, each Indian relied upon himself far retaliation. Blood for blood was the rule, and the relatives of the slain man were bound to obtain bloody revenge for his death. This principle gave rise, as a matter of course, to innumerable and bitter feuds, and wars of extermination where such were possible. War, indeed, rather than peace, was the Indian's glory and delight, — war, not conducted as civilization, but war where individual skill, endurance, gallantry and cruelty were prime requisites. For such a purpose as revenge the Indian would make great sacrifices, and display a patience and perseverance truly heroic; but when the excitement was over, he sank back into a listless, un- occupied, well-nigh useless savage. During the intervals of his more exciting pursuits, the Indian employed his time in decorating his person with all the refinement of paint and feathers, and in the manufacture of his arms and of canoes. These were constructed of bark, and so light that they could easily be carried on the shoulder from stream to stream. His amusements were the war-dance, ath- letic games, the narration of his exploits, and listening to the ora- tory of the chiefs; but during long periods of such existence he remained in a state of torpor, gazing listlessly upon the trees of the forests and the clouds that sailed above them; and this vacancy l{^ J^?I HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 29 imprinted an habitual gravity, and even melancholy, upon his gen- eral deportment. The main labor and drudgery of Indian communities fell upon the women. The planting, tending and gathering of the crops, making mats and baskets, carrying burdens, — in fact, all things of the kind were performed by them, thus making their condition but little better than that of slaves. Marriage was merely a matter of bargain and sale, the husband giving presents to the father of the bride. In general they had but few children. They were sub- jected to many and severe attacks of sickness, and at times famine and pestilence swept away whole tribes. SINGLE-HANDED COMBAT WITH INDIANS. The most desperate single-handed combat with Indians ever fought on the soil of Illinois was that of Tom Higgins, August 21, 1814. Higgins was 25 years old, of a muscular and compact buildj not tall, but strong and active. In danger he possessed a quick and discerning judgment, and was without fear. He was a member of Journey's rangers, consisting of eleven men, stationed at Hill's Fort, eight miles southwest of the present Greenville, Put- nam county. Discovering Indian signs near the fort, the company, early the following morning, started on the trail. They had not gone far before they were in an ambuscade of a larger party. At the first fire their commander. Journey, and three men fell, and six retreated to the fort; but Higgins stopped to "have another pull at the red-skins," and, taking deliberate aim at a straggling savage, shot him down. Higgins' horse had been wounded at the first fire, as he supposed, mortally. Coming to, he was about to efi'ect his escape, when the familiar voice of Burgess hailed him from the long grass, " Tom, don't leave me." Higgins told him to come along, but Burgess replied that his leg was smashed. Hig- gins attempted to raise him on his horse, but the animal took fright and ran away. Higgins then directed Burgess to limp off as well as he could ; and by crawling through the grass he reached the fort while the former loaded his gun and remained behind to protect him against the pursuing enemy. .When Burgess was well out of the way, Higgins took another route, which led by a small thicket, to throw any wandering enemy off the trail. Here he was con- fronted by three savages approaching. He ran to a little ravine near for shelter, but in the effort discovered for the first time that l^ .4* 30 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. he was badly wounded in the leg. He was closely pressed by the largest, a powerful Indian, who lodged a ball in his thigh. He fell, but instantly rose again, only, however, to draw the fire of the other two, and again fell wounded. The Indians now advanced upon him with their tomahawks and scalping knives; but as he presented his gun first at one, then at another, from his place in the ravine, each wavered in his purpose. Neither party had time to load, and the large Indian, supposing finally that Higgins' gun was empty, rushed forward with uplifted tomahawk and a yell; but as he came near enough, was shot down. At this the others raised the war-whoop, and rushed upon the wounded Higgins, and now a hand-to-hand conflict ensued. They darted at him with their knives time and again, inflicting many ghastly flesh-wounds, which bled profusely. One of the assailants threw his tomahawk at him with such pre- cision as to sever his ear and lay bare his skull, knocking him down. They now rushed in on him, but he kicked them off, and grasping one of their spears thrust at him, was raised up by it. He quickly seized his gun, and by a powerful blow crushed in the skull of one, but broke his rifle. His remaining antagonist still kept up the con- test, making thrusts with his knife at the bleeding and exhausted Higgins, which he parried with his broken gun as well as he could. Most of this desperate engagement was in plain view of the fort ; but the rangers, having been in one ambuscade, saw in this fight only a ruse to draw out the balance of the garrison. But a Mrs. Pursely, residing at the fort, no longer able to see so brave a man contend for his life unaided, seized a gun, mounted a horse, and started to his rescue. At this the men took courage and hastened along. The Indian, seeing aid coming, fled. Higgins, being near- ly hacked to pieces, fainted from loss of blood. He was carried to the fort. There being no surgeon, his comrades cut two balls from his flesh; others remained in. For days his life was despaired of; but by tender nursing he ultimately regained his health, although badly crippled. He resided in Fayette county for many years after, and died in 1829. '^ H18T0ET OF ILLINOIS. 31 EARLY DISCOVERIES NICHOLAS PEEEOT. The first white man who ever set foot on the soil embraced within the boundary of the present populous State of Illinois was Nich- olas Perrot, a Frenchman. He was sent to Chicago in the year 1671 by M. Talon, Intendant of Canada, for the purpose of inviting the "Western Indians to a great peace convention to be held at Green Bay. This convention had for its chief object the promulgation of a-plan tor the discovery of the Mississippi river. This great river had been discovered by De Soto, the Spanish explorer, nearly one hundred and fifty years previously, but his nation left the country a wilderness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in which condition it remained until the river was dis- covered by Joliet and Marquette in 1673. It was deemed a wise policy to secure, as far as possible, the friendship and co-operation of the Indians, far and near, before venturing upon an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous. Thus the great con- vention was called. JOLIET AND MAEQUETTE. Although Perrot was the first European to visit Illinois, he was not the first to make any important discoveries. This was left for Joliet and Marquette, which they accomplished two years thereafter. The former, Louis Joliet, was born at Quebec in 1645. He was educated for the clerical profession, but he abandoned it to engage in the fur trade. His companion, Father Jacques Mar- quette, was a native of France, born in 1637. He was a Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and great zeal and devotion in extending the Roman Catholic religion among the In- dians. He was sent to America in 1666 as a missionary. To con- vert the Indians he penetrated the wilderness a thousand miles in advance of civilization, and by his kind attention in their afflic- tions he won their affections and made them his lasting friends. There were others, however, who visited Illinois even prior to the famous exploration of Joliet and Marquette. In 1672 the Jesuit *^7 32 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. missionaries, Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin and northern Illinois. According to the pre-arranged plan referred to above, at the Jes- uit mission on the Strait of Mackinaw, Joliet joined Marquette, and with five other Frenchmen and a simple outfit the daring ex- plorers on the ITtli of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to discover the Mississippi. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox river and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Muscatines and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expedition by the natives. With guides they proceeded down the river. Arriving at the portage, they soon carried their light canoes and scanty bag- gage to the Wisconsin, about three miles distant. Their guides now refused to accompany them further, and endeavored, by re- citing the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. They stated that huge demons dwelt in the great river, whose voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the raging waters all who came within their reach. They also represented that if any of them should escape the dangers of the river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its banks ready to complete the work of de- struction. They proceeded on their journey, however, and on the 17th of June pushed their frail barks on the bosom of the stately Mississippi, down which they smoothly glided for nearly a hundred miles. Here Joliet and Marquette, leaving their canoes in charge of their men, went on the western shore, where they discovered an Indian village, and were kindly treated. They journeyed on down the unknown river, passing the mouth of the Illinois, then run- ning into the current of the muddy Missouri, and afterward the waters of the Ohio joined with them on their journey southward. Near the mouth of the Arkansas they discovered Indians who showed signs of hostility, but when Marquette's mission of peace was made known to them, they were kindly received. After pro- ceeding up the Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives they turned their faces northward to retrace their steps. Af- ter several weeks of hard toil they reached the Illinois, up which stream they proceeded to Lake Michigan. Following the western shore of the lake, they entered Green Bay the latter part of Sep- tember, having traveled a distance of 2,500 miles. ;^r^ «» — - lU HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 66 On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in LaSalle county. The following year he returned and established among them the mission of the Im- maculate Virgin Mary. This was the last act of his life. He died in Michigan, May 18, 1675. lasa.lle's explorations. The first French occupation of Illinois was effected by LaSalle, in 1680. Having constructed a vessel, the "Griffin," above the falls of Niagara, he sailed to Green Bay, and passed thence in canoe to the mouth of the S*-. Joseph river, by which and the Kan- kakee lie reached the Illinois in January, 1680; and on the 3d he entered the expansion of the river now called Peoria lake,. Here, at the lower end of the lake, on its eastern bank, now in Tazewell county, he erected Fort Crevecceur. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen just below the outlet of Peoria lake. It had, however, but a temporary existence. From this point LaSalle determined at that time, to descend the Mississippi to its mouth. This he did not do, however, until two years later. Eeturning to Fort Frc ntenac for the purpose of getting material with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort at Peoria in charge of his lieutenant, Henri Tonti, an Italian who had lost one of his hands by the explosion of a grenade in the Sicilian wars. Tonti had with him fifteen men, most of wiiom disliked LaSalle, and were ripe for a revolt the first opportunity. Two men who had, previous to LaSalle's departure, been sent to look for the "Grifiin" now returned and reported that the vessel was lost and that Fort Frontenac was in the hands of LaSalle's creditors. This disheartening intelligence had the effect to enkindle a spirit of mutiny among the garrison. Tonti had no sooner left the fort, with a few men, to fortifiy what was afterward known as Starved Rock, than the garrison at the fort refused longer to submit to authority. They destroyed the fort, seized the ammunition, provisions, and other portables of value, and fled. Only two of their number remained true. These hast- ened to apprise Tonti of what had occurred. He thereupon sent four of the men with him to inform LaSalle. Thus was Tonti in the midst of treacherous savages, with only five men, two of whom were the friars Ribourde and Membre. With these he immediately returned to the fort, collected what tools had not been destroyed, and conveyed them to the great town of the Illinois Indians. ^ 34 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. By this voluntary display of confidence he hoped to remove the jealousy created in the minds of the Illinois by the enemies of La- Salle. Here he awaited, unmolested, the return of LaSalle. GEEA.T BATTLE OF THE ILLINOIS. Neither Tonti nor his wild associates suspected that hordes of Iro- quois were gathering preparatory to rushing down upon their country and reducing it to an uninhabited waste. Already these hell-hounds of the wilderness had destroyed the Hurons, Eries, and other natives on the lakes, and were now directing their attention to the Illinois for new victims. Five hundred Iroquois warriors set out for the home of the Illinois. All was fancied security and idle repose in the great town of this tribe, as the enemy stealthily approached. Suddenly as a clap of thunder from a cloudless sky the listless inhabitants were awakened from their lethargy. A Shawnee Indian, on his return home after a visit to the Illinois, first discovered the invaders. To save his friends from the im- pending danger, he hurriedly returned and apprised them of the coming enemy. This intelligence spread with lightning rapidity over the town, and each wigwam disgorged its boisterous and as- toinided inmates. Women snatched their children, and in a delirium of f.ight wandered aimlessly about, rending the air with their screams. The men, more self-possessed, seized their arms ready for the coming fray. Tonti, long an object of suspicion, was soon surrounded by an angry crowd of warriors, who accused him of be- ing an emissary of the enemy. His inability to defend himself properly, in consequence of not fully understanding their language left them still inclined to believe him guilty, and they seized his efiects from the fort and threw them into the river. The women and children were sent down the river for safety, and the warriors, not exceeding four hundred, as most of their young men were off hunting, returned to the village. Along the shores of the river they kindled huge bonfires, and spent the entire night in greasing their bodies, painting their faces, and performing the war-dance, to prepare for the approaching enemy. At early dawn the scouts who had been sent out returned, closely followed by the Iroquois. The scouts had seen a chief arrayed in French costume, and re- ported their suspicions that LaSalle was in the camp of the enemy, and Tonti again became an object of jealousy. A concourse of wildly gesticulating savages immediately gathered about him, de- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 35 manding his life, and nothing saved him from their uplifted weap- ons but a promise that he and his men would go with them to meet the enemy. With their suspicions partly lulled, they hurriedly crossed the river and met the foe, when both commenced firing. Tonti, seeing that the Illinois were outnumbered and likely to be defeated, determined, at the imminent risk of his life, to stay the fight by an attempt at mediation. Presuming on the treaty of peace then existing between the French and Iroquois, he exchanged his gun for a belt of wampum and advanced to meet the savage multitude, attended by three companions, who, being unaecessarily exposed to danger, were dismissed, and he proceeded alone. A sliort walk brought him in the midst of a pack of yelping devils, writhing and distorted with fiendish rage, and impatient to shed his blood. As the result of his swarthy Italian complexion and half-savage costume, he was at first taken for an Indian, and before the mistake was discovered a young warrior approached and stabbed at his heart. Fortunately the blade was turned aside by coming in contact with a rib, yet a large flesh wound was inflicted, which bled profusely. At this juncture a chief discovered his true char- acter, and he was led to the rear and efforts were made to staunch his wound. When sufliciently recovered, he declared the Illinois were under the protection 'of the French, and demanded, in consid- eration of the treaty between the latter and the Iroquois, that they should be suffered to remain without further molestation. During this conference a young warrior snatched Tonti's hat, and, fleeing with it to the front, held it aloft on the end of his gun in view of the Illinois. The latter, judging that Tonti had been killed, renewed the fight with great vigor. Simultaneously, intelligence was brought to the Iroquois that Frenchmen were assisting their enemies in the fight, when the contest over Tonti was renewed with redoubled fury. Some declared that he should be immediately put to death, while others, friendly to LaSalle, with equal earnest- ness demanded that he should be set at liberty. During their clamorous debate, his hair was several times lifted by a huge sav- age who stood at his back with a scalping knife ready for execution. Tonti at length turned the current of the angry controversy in his favor, by stating that the Illinois were 1,200 strong, and that there were 60 Frenchmen at the village ready to assist them. This state- ment obtained at least a partial credence, and his tormentors now a^ L^ 36 HISTOKT OF ILLINOIS. determined to use him as an instrument to delude the Illinois with a pretended truce. The old warriors, therefore, advanced to the front and ordered the iiring to cease, while Tonti, dizzy from the loss of blood, was furnished with an emblem of peace and sent staggering across the plain to rejoin the Illinois. The two friars who had just returned from a distant hut, whither they had repaired for prayer and meditation, were the first to meet him and bless God for what they regarded as a miraculous deliverance. With the assurance brought by Tonti, the Illinois re-crossed the river to their lodges, followed by the enemy as far as the opposite bank. Not long after, large numbers of the latter, under the pretext of hunting, also crossed the river and hung in threatening groups about the town. These hostile indications, and the well-known disregard which the Iroquois had always evinced for their pledges, soon convinced the Illinois that their only safety was in flight. With this conviction they set fire to their village, and while the vast volume of flames and smoke diverted the attention of the enemy, they quietly dropped down the river to join tlieir women and children. As soon as the flames would permit, the Iroquois entrenched themselves on the site of the vil- lage. Tonti and his men were ordered by the suspicious savages to leave their hut and take up their abode in the fort. At first the Iroquois were much elated at the discomfiture of the Illinois, but when two days afterward they discovered them recon- noitering their intrenchments, their courage greatly subsided. With fear they recalled the exaggerations of Tonti respecting their numbers, and concluded to send him with a hostage to make over- tures of peace. He and his hostage were received with delio-ht by the Illinois, who readily assented to the proposal which he brought, and in turn sent back with him a hostage to the Iroquois. On his return to the fort his life was again placed in jeopardy, and the treaty was with great difficulty ratified. The young and inexpe- rienced Illinois hostage betrayed to his crafty interviewers the nu- merical weakness of his tribe, and the savages immediately rushed upon Tonti, and charged him with having deprived them of the spoils and honors of victory. It now required all the tact of which he was master to escape. After much difficulty however, the treaty was con- cluded, but the savages, to show their contempt for it, immediately commenced constructing canoes in which to descend the river and attack the Illinois. jL^ ■ J w GEN. U. S. GRANT. -^3 6 V Li- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 39 FRENCHMEN DRIVEN AWAY. Tonti managed to apprise the latter of their designs, and he and Membra were soon after summoned to attend a council of the Iro- quois, who still labored under a wholesome fear of Count Frontenac, and disliking to attack the Illinois in the presence of the French, they thought to try to induce them to leave the country. At the assembling of the council, six packages of beaver skins were intro- duced, and the savage orator, presenting them separately to Tonti, explained the nature of each. "The first two," said he, " were to de- clare that the children of Count Frontenac, that is, the Illinois, should not be eaten; the next was a plaster to heal the wounds of Tonti; the next was oil wherewith to anoint him and Membre, that they might not be fatigued in traveling; the next proclaimed that the sun was bright; and the sixth and last required them to decamp and go home." At the mention of going home, Tonti demanded of them when they intended to set the example by leaving the Illinois in the peaceable possession of their country, which they had so unjustly in- vaded. The council grew boisterous and angry at the idea that they should be demanded to do what they required of the French, and some of its members, forgetting their previous pledge, declared that they would " eat Illinois flesh before they departed." Tonti, in imitation of the Indians' manner of expressing scorn, indignantly kicked away the presents of fur, saying, since they intended to de- vour the children of Frontenac with cannibal ferocity, he would not accept their gifts. This stern rebuke resulted in the expulsion of Tonti and his companion from the council, and the next day the chiefs ordered them to leave the country. Tonti had now, at the great peril of his life, tried every expedient to prevent the slaughter of the Illinois. There was little to be ac- complished by longer remaining in thecountry, and as longer delay might imperil the lives of his own men, he determined to depart, not knowing where or when he would be able to rejoin LaSalle. "With this object in view, the party, consisting of six persons, embarked in canoes, which soon proved leaky, and they were compelled to land for the purpose of making repairs. While thus employed, Father Ri- bourde, attracted by the beauty of the surrounding landscape, wan- dered forth among the groves for meditation and prayer. Not return- ing in due time, Tonti became alarmed, and started with a compan- 40 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. ion to ascertain the cause of the long delay. They soon discovered tracks of Indians, by whom it was supposed he had been seized, and guns were fired to direct his return, in case he was alive. Seeing nothing of him during -the day, at night they built fires along the bank of the river and retired to the opposite side, to see who might approach them. Near midnight a number of Indians were seen flitting about the light, by whom, no doubt, had been made the tracks seen the previous day. It was afterward learned that they were a band of Kickapoos, who had for several days been hovering about the camp of the Iroquois in quest of scalps. They had fell in with the inoffensive old friar and scalped him. Thus, in the 65th year of his age, the only heir to a wealthy Burgundian house per- ished under the war-club of the savages for whose salvation he had renounced ease and afflueuce. INHUMAN BUTOHEET. During this tragedy a far more revolting one was being enacted in the great town of Illinois. The Iroquois were tearing open the graves of the dead, and wreaking their vengeance upon the bodies made hideous by putrefaction. At this desecration, it is said, they even ate portions of the dead bodies, while subjecting them to every indignity that brutal hate could inflict. Still unsated by tlieir hell- ish brutalities, aud now unrestrained by the presence of the French, they started in pursuit of the retreating Illinois. Day after day they aud the opposing forces moved in compact array down the river, neither being able to gain any advantage over the other. At length the Iroquois obtained by falsehood that which number and prowess denied them. They gave out that their object was to pos- sess the country, not by destroying, but by driving out its present inhabitants. Deceived by this false statement, the Illinois separa- ted, some descending the Mississippi and others crossing to the western shore. The Tamaroas, more credulous than the rest, re- mained near the mouth of the Illinois, and were suddenly attacked by an overwhelming force of the enemy. The men fled in dismay, and the women and children, to the number of 700, fell into the hands of the ferocious enemy. Then followed the tortures, butch- eries and burnings which only the infuriated and iinbruted Iroquois could perpetrate. LaSalle on his return discovered the half-charred bodies of women and children still bound to the stakes where they had suffered all the torments hellish hate could devise. In addition HISTOKT OF ILLINOIS. 41 to those who had been burnt, the mangled bodies of women and children thickly covered the ground, many of which bore marks of brutality too horrid for record. After the ravenous horde had sufficiently glutted their greed for carnage, they retired from the country. The Illinois returned and rebuilt their town. TONTI SAFE AT GREEN BAT. After the death of Ribourde, Tonti and his men again resumed their journey. Soon again their craft became disabled, when they abandoned it and started on foot for Lake Michigan. Their supply of provisions soon became exhausted, and they were compelled to subsist in a great measure on roots and herbs. One of their companions wandered off in search of game, and lost his way, and several days elapsed before he rejoined them. In his absence he was without flints and bullets, yet contrived to shoot some turkeys by using slugs cut from a pewter porringer and afire- brand to discharge his gun. Tonti fell sick of a fever and greatly retarded the progress of the march. Nearing Green Bay, the cold increased and the means of subsistence decreased and the party would have perished had they not found a few ears of corn and some froz- en squashes in the fields of a deserted village. Near the close of November they had reached the Pottawatomies, who warmly greet- ed them. Their chief was an ardent admirer of the French, and was accustomed to say: " There were but three great captains in the ^orld,— himself, Tonti and LaSalle." For the above account of Tonti's encounter with the Iroquois, we are indebted to Davidson and Stuve's History of Illinois. lasalle's eetuen. LaSalle returned to Peoria only to meet the hideous picture of devastation. Tonti had escaped, but LaSalle knew not whither. Pass- ing down the lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discov- ered that the fort had been destroyed; but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search he fastened to a tree a painting repre- senting himself and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace,"and to the painting attached a letter addressed to Tonti. LaSalle was born in France in 1643, of wealthy parentage, and edu- cated in a college of the Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada, a poor man, in 1666. He was a man of daring genius, ^ •k. 42 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and outstripped all his competitors in exploits of travel and com- merce with the Indians. He was granted a large tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade. In 1669 he visited the headquarters of the great Iroquois confederacy, at Onondaga, New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio river to the falls at Louisville. For many j^ears previous, it must be remembered, missionaries and traders were obliged to make their way to the l^orthwest through Canada on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower lakes and Niagara river, which entirely closed this latter route to the upper lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly by canoes, paddling them through Ottawa river to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across the portage to French river, and descending that to Lake Huron. This being the route by which they reached the Northwest, we have an explana- tion of the fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighborhood of the upper lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening the route by Niagara river and the lower lakes to Canada commerce by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and thus opening a magnificent water communication from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mex- ico. This truly grand and comprehensive purpose seems to have animated him in his wonderful achievements, and the matchless difiiculties and hardships he surmounted. As the first step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the French crown, and a body of troops, by which he repulsed the Iroquois and opened passage to Niagara Falls. Hav- ing by this masterly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his next step, as we have seen, was to build a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was successful in this under- taking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a strange com- bination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them and united with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of his success in opening new channels of commerce. "While they were plodding with their bark canoes through the Ottawa, he was con- structing sailing vessels to command the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans excited the jealousy and envy of « FT- ^J^ HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 43 small traders, introduced treason and revolt into the ranks of his men, and finally led to the foal assassination by which his great achievements were permanently ended. lasalle's assassination. Again visiting the Illinois in the year 1682, LaSalle de- scended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He erected a standard upon which he inscribed the arms of France, and took formal possession of the whole valley of this mighty river in the name of Louis XIY., then reigning, and in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana. LaSalle then returned to France, was appointed Governor, and returned with a fleet of immigrants for the purpose of planting a colony in Illinois. They arrived in due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to find the mouth of the Missis- sippi, up which they intended to sail, his supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on Matagorda Bay. "With the fragments of the vessel he constructed rude huts and stockades on the shore for the protection of his followers, calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to find his colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel on foot to Illinois. With some twenty of his men they filed out of their fort on the 12th of January, 1687, and after the part- ing, — which was one of sighs, of tears, and of embraces, all seeming intuitively to know that they should see each other no more, — they started on their disastrous journey. Two of the party, Du Haut and Leotot, when on a hunting expedition in company with a nephew of LaSalle, assassinated him while asleep. The long absence of his nephew caused LaSalle to go in search of him. On approaching the murderers of his nephew, they fired upon him, kill- ing him instantly. They then despoiled the body of its clothing, and left it to be devoured by the wild beasts of the forest. Thus, at the age of 43, perished one whose exploits have so greatly enriched the history of the New World. To estimate aright the marvels of his patient fortitude, one must follow on his track through the vast scene of his interminable journeyings, those thou- sands of weary miles of forest, marsh and river, where, again and again, in the bitterness of baffled striving, the untiring pilgrim pushed onward toward the goal he never was to attain. America owes him an enduring memory; for in this masculine figure, cas^ 7ri ->^ ^-VI q ^ ^ g[^^ 44 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. in iron, she sees the heroic pioneer who guided her to the possession of her richest heritage. Tonti, who had been stationed at the fort on the Illinois, learning of LaSalle's unsuccessful voyage, immediately started down the Mississippi to his relief. Eeaching the Gulf, he found no traces of the colony. He then returned, leaving some of his men at the mouth of the Arkansas. These were discovered by the remnant of LaSalle's followers, who guided them to the fort on the Illinois, where they reported that LaSalle was in Mexico. The little band left at Fort St. Louis were finally destroyed by the Indians, and the murderers of LaSalle were shot. Thus ends the sad chapter of Robert Cavalier de LaSalle's exploration. FRENCH OCCUPATION'. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. The first mission in Illinois, as we have already seen, was com- menced by Marquette in April, 1675. He called the religious society which he established the " Mission of the Immacnlate Con- ception," and the town Kaskaskia. The first military occupation of the country was at Fort Crevecoeur, erected in 1680; but there is no evidence that a settlement was commenced there, or at Peoria, on the lake above, at that early date. Tlie first settlement of which there is any authentic account was commenced with the building of Fort St. Louis on the Illinois river in 1682; but this was soon abandoned. The oldest permanent settlement, not only in Illinois, but in the val- ley of the Mississippi, is at Kaskaskia, situated six miles above the mouth of the Kaskaskia river. This was settled in 1690 by the removal of the mission from old Kaskaskia, or Ft. St. Louis, on the Illinois river. Cahokia was settled about the same time. The reason for the removal of the old Kaskaskia settlement and mission, was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage had been almost abandoned, and travelers and traders traveled down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. It was removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. Illinois came into possession of the French in 1682, and was a dependency of Canada and a part of Louisiana. During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population -^ qv* -»^*- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 45 probably never exceeded ten thousand. To the yeaf 1730 the fol- lowing five distinct settlements were made in the territory of Illinois, numbering, in population, 140 French families, about 600 "converted " Indians, and many traders; Cahokia, near the mouth of Cahokia creek and about five miles below the present city of St. Louis; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia; Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia river six miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, and Prairie du Eocher, near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was built under the direction of the Mississippi Company in 1718, and was for a time the headquarters of the military commandants of the district of Illinois, and the most impregnable fortress in JNoith America. It was also the center of wealth and fashion in the West. For about eighty years the French retained peaceable possession of Illinois. Their amiable disposition and tact of ingratiating them- selves with the Indians enabled them to escape almost entirely the broils which weakened and destroyed other colonies. Whether exploring remote rivers or traversing hunting grounds in pursuit of game, in the social circle or as participants in the religious exer- cises of the church, the red men became their associates and were treated with the kindness and consideration of brothers. For more than a hundred years peace between the white man and the red was unbroken, and when at last this reign of harmony terminated it was not caused by the conciliatory Frenchman, but by the blunt and sturdy Anglo-Saxon. During this century, or until the coun- try was occupied by the English, no regular court was ever held. When, in 1765, the country passed into the hands of the English, many of the French, rather than submit to a change in their insti- tutions, preferred to leave their homes and seek a new abode. There are, however, at the present time a few remnants of the old French stock in the State, who still retain to a great extent the ancient habits and customs of their fathers. THE MISSISSIPPI COMPANT. During the earliest period of French occupation of this country, M. Tonti, LaSalle's attendant, was commander-in-chief of all the territory embraced between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico, and extending east and west of the Mississippi as far as his ambition or imagination pleased to allow. He spent twenty-one years in estab- lishing forts and organizing the first settlements of Illinois. Sep- SV* •VJ'^ ^ ' ^!^r 46 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. tember 14, 1712, the French government granted a monopoly of all the trade and commerce of the country to M. Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, who established a trading company in Illinois, and it was by this means that the early settlements became perma- nent and others established. Crozat surrendered his charter in 1717, and the Company of the West, better known as the Missis- sippi Company, was organized, to aid and assist the banking system of John Law, the most famous speculator of modern times, and perhaps at one time the wealthiest private individual the world has ever known; but his treasure was transitory. Under the Company of the West a branch was organized called the Company of St. Philip's, for the purpose of working the rich silver mines sup- posed to be in Illinois, and Philip Renault was appointed as its agent. In 1719 he sailed from France with two hundred miners, laborers and mechanics. During 1719 the Company of the West was by royal order united with the Royal Company of the Indies, and had the influence and support of the crown, who was deluded by the belief that immense wealth would flow into the empty treas- ury of France. This gigantic scheme, one of the most extensive and wonderful bubbles ever blown up to astonish, deceive and ruin thousands of people, was set in operation by the fertile brain of John Law. Law was born in Scotland in 1671, and so rapid had been his career that at the .age of twenty-three he was a " bankrupt, an adulterer, a murderer and an exiled outlaw." But he possessed great financial ability, and by his agreeable and attractive manners, and his enthusiastic advocacy of his schemes, he succeeded in inflaming the imagination of the mercurial Frenchmen, whose greed for gain led them to adopt any plans for obtaining wealth. Law arrived in Paris with two and a half millions of francs, which he had gained at the gambling table, just at the right time. Louis XIY. had just died and left as a legacy empty coffers and an immense public debt. Every thing and everybody was taxed to the last penny to pay even the interest. All the sources of in- dustry were dried up; the very wind which wafted the barks of commerce seemed to have died away under the pressure of the time; trade stood still; the merchant, the trader, the artificer, once flourishing in affluence, were transformed into clamorous beggars. The life-blood that animated the kingdom was stagnated in all its arteries, and tlie danger of an awful crisis became such that '^ HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 47 the nation was on the verge of bankruptcy. At this critical junc- ture John Law arrived and proposed his grand scheme of the Mississippi Company; 200,000 shares of stock at 500 livres each were at first issued. This sold readily and great profits were realized. More stock was issued, speculation became rife, the fever seized everybody, and the wildest speculating frenzy pervaded the whole nation. Illinois was thought to contain vast and rich mines of minerals. Kaskaskia, then scarcely more than the settlement of a few savages, was spoken of as an emporium of the most extensive traffic, and as rivaling some of the cities of Europe in refinement, fashion and religious culture. Law was in the zenith of his glory, and the people in the zenith of their infatuation. The high and the low, the rich and the poor, were at once filled with visions of untold wealth, and every age, set, rank and condition were buying and selling stocks. Law issued stock again and again, and readily sold until 2,235,000,000 livres were in circulation, equaling about $450,000,000. While confidence lasted an impetus was given to trade never before known. An illusory policy everywhere prevailed, and so dazzled the eye that none could see in the horizon the dark cloud announc- ing the approaching storm. Law at the time was the most influ- ential man in Europe. His house was beset from morning till night with eager applicants for stock. Dukes, marquises and counts, with their wives and daughters, waited for hours in the street below his door. Finding his residence too small, he changed it for the Place Yendome, whither the crowd followed him, and the spacious square had the appearance of a public market. The boule- vards and public gardens were forsaken, and the Place Vendome became the most fashionable place in Paris; and he was unable to wait upon even one-tenth part of his applicants. The bubble burst after a few years, scattering ruin and distress in every direction. Law, a short time previous the most popular man in Europe, fled to Brussels, and in 1729 died in Yenice, in obscurity and poverty. ENGLISH EULE. As early as 1750 there could be perceived the first throes of the revolution, which gave a new master and new institutions to Illi- nois. France claimed the whole valley of the Mississippi, and Eng- land the right to extend her possessions westward as far as she might desire. Through colonial controversies the two mother l\^ 4S HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. countries were precipitated into a bloody war witliin the Nortli- western Territory, George "Washington firing the first gun of the military struggle which resulted in the overthrow of the French not only in Illinois but in North America. The French evinced a determination to retain control of the territory bordering the Oliio and Mississippi from Canada to the Gulf, and so long as the En- glish colonies were confined to the sea-coast there was little reason for controversy. As the English, however, became acquaintcjd with this beautiful and fertile portion of our country, they not only learned the value of the vast territory, but also resolved to set up a counter claim to the soil. The French established numerous mili- tary and trading posts from the frontiers of Canada to J^ew Or- leans, and in order to establish also their claims to jurisdiction over the country they carved the lilies of France on the forest trees, or sunk plates of metal in the ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorationn; and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm should burst upon the frontier settlement. The French based their claims upon discoveries, the English on grants of territory extending from ocean to ocean, but neither party paid the least attention to the prior claims of the Indians. From this posi- tion of affairs, it was evident that actual collision between the contending parties would not much longer be deferred. The En- glish Government, in anticipation of a war, urged the Governor of Virginia to lose no time in building two forts, which were equipped by arms from England. The French anticipated the English and gathered a considerable force to defend their possessions. The Governor determined to send a messenger to the nearest French post and demand an explanation. This resolution of the Governor brought into the history of our country for the first time the man of all others whom America most loves to honor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, although not yet twenty-one years of age, as the one to perform this delicate and difficult mission. With five companions he set out on Nov. 10, 1753, and after a per- ilous journey returned Jan. 6, 1754. The struggle commenced and continued long, and was bloody and fierce; but on the 10th of Octo- ber, 1765, the ensign of France was replaced on the ramparts of Fort Chartres by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was the l^ GOV. RICHARD J. OGLESBY. JFT k^ HI8T0KY OF ILLINOIS. 61 depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic seaboard were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming of liberty and independence for the qpntinent; and Washington, who led tlie expedition against the French for the English king, in less than ten years was commanding the forces opposed to the English tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for over one. hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety years had been in the actual occupation of the French, their puny settlements slumbering quietly in colonial dependence on the distant waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash. GEN. CLAEK's exploits. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under English rule, and on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war the British held every post of importance in the West. While the colonists of the East were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their western frontiers were ravaged by merciless butcheries of In- dian warfare. The jealousy of the savage was aroused to action by the rapid extension of American settlement westward and the im- proper influence exerted by a number of military posts garrisoned by Eritish troops. To prevent indiscriminate slaughters arising from these causes, Illinois became the theater of some of the most daring exploits connected with American history. The hero of the achieve- ments by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British Crown, was George Rogers Clark, of Virginia. He had closely watched the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan; he also knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and therefore was convinced that if the British could be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily succeed, he repaired to the cap- ital of Virginia, arriving Nov. S, 1777. While he was on his way, fortunately, Burgoyne was defeated (Oct. 17), and the spirits of the colonists were thereby greatly encouraged. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. After satisfying the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of liis jiroject, he received two sets of instructions, — one secret, the -s v -^ 52 HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. other opeu. The latter authorized him to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, and serve three months after their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead (jf General Hand at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. HE TAKES KASKASKIA. With these instructions Col. Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos- ing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Holstein and Captains Helm and Bowman to other localities to enlist men; but none of them succeeded in rais- ing the required number. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the expedition. With these companies and several private volunteers Clark commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took posses- sion of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present cities of Louisville, Kj., and Xew Albany, Ind. Here, after having completed his arrangements and announced to the men their real destination, he left a small garrison; and on the 24th of June, dur- ing a total eclipse of tlie sun, which to tliem augured no good, they floated down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Yincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Sliould he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi river and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received good items of information: one that an alliance had been formed between France and the United States, and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants at the various frontier posts had been led by the British to believe that the " Long Knives," or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from gratitude would become friendly, if treated with unexpected lenity. The march to Kaskaskia was made through a hot July sun, they arriving on the evening of the 4th of July, 1778. They captured the fort near the village and soon after the village itself, by surprise, and without the loss of HISTOKT OF ILLINOIS. 53 a single man and without killing any of the enemy. After suffi- ciently working on the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would; also he would pro- tect them against any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired eflfect; and the inhabitants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked-for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms; and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered and gladly placed themselves under his protection. In the person of M. Gibanlt, priest of Kaskaskia, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain pos- session of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Yin- cent, the post next in importance to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted this offer, and July 14th, in company with a fellow-townsman, Gibault started on his mission of peace. On the 1st of August he returned with the cheerful intelligence that everything was peaceably ad- justed at Yincennes in favor of the Americans. During the inter- val. Col. Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, and sent word to have a fort (which proved the germ of Louisville) erected at the falls of the Ohio. While the American commander was thus negotiating with the Indians, Hamilton, the British Governor of Detroit, heard of Clark's invasion, and was greatly incensed because the country which he had in charge should be wrested from him by a few ragged militia. He therefore hurriedly collected a force, marched by way of the "Wabash, and appeared before the fort at Yincennes. The inhabi- tants made an effort to defend the town, and when Hamilton's forces arrived, Captain Helm and a man named Henry were the only Americans in the fort. These men had been sent by Clark. The latter charged a cannon and placed it in the open gateway, and the Captain stood by it with a lighted match and cried out, as Ham- ilton came in hailing distance, "Halt!" The British officer, not 'xK ih^ 54 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. knowing the strength of the garrison, stopped, and demanded the surrender of the fort. Helm exclaimed, " No man shall enter here till I know the terms." Hamilton responded, " You shall have the honors of war." The entire garrison consisted of one officer and one private. VINCENNES CAPTURED. On taking Kaskaskia, Clark made a prisoner of Eocheblave, commander of the place, and got possession of all his written instructions for the conduct of the war. From these papers he received important information respecting the plans of Col. Ham- ilton, Governor at Detroit, who was intending to make a vigorous and concerted attack upon the frontier. After arriving at Yin- cennes, however, he gave up his intended campaign for the winter, and trusting to his distance from danger and to the difficulty of approaching him, sent off his Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, and to annoy the Americans in all ways. Thus he sat quietly down to pass the winter witli only about eighty soldiers, but secure, as he thought, from molestation. But he evidently did not realize the character of the men with whom he was contending. Clark, although he could muster only one hundred and thirty men, determined to take advantage of Hamilton's weakness and security, and attack him as the only means of saving himself; for unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Accordingly, about the beginning of February, 1779, he dispatched a small galley which he had fitted out, mounted with two four-pounders and four swivels and manned with a company of soldiers, and carrying stores for his men, with orders to force her way up the Wabash, to take her station a few miles below Yincennes, and to allow no person to pass her. He himself marched with his little band, and spent six- teen days in traversing the country from Kaskaskia to Yincennes, passing with incredible fatigue through woods and marshes. He was five days in crossing the bottom lands of the Wabash; and for five miles was frequently up to the breast in water. After over- coming difficulties which had been thought insurmountable, he appeared before the place and completely surprised it. The inhab- itants readily submitted, but Hamilton at first defended himself in the fort. Next day, however, he surrendered himself and his gar- rison prisoners-of-war. By his activity in encouraging the hostili- ties of the Indians and by the revolting enormities perpetrated by ^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 65 those savages, Hamilton had rendered himself so obnoxious that he was thrown in prison and put in irons. During his command of the British frontier posts he offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of the Americans they would bring him, and earned in con- sequence thereof the title, "Hair-Buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. The services of Clark proved of essential advantage to his coun- trymen. They disconcerted the plans of Hamilton, and not only saved the western frontier from depredations by the savages, but also greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians for carrying on a contest in which they were not likely to be the gainers. Had it not been for this small army, a union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed. ILLINOIS. COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. In October, 1778, after the successful campaign of Col. Clark, the assembly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the County of Illi- nois, which was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceeding in its dimensions the whole of Great Britian and Ireland. To speak more definitely, it contained the territory now embraced in the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. On the 12th of December, 1778, John Todd was appointed Lieutenant- Commandant of this county by Patrick Henry, then Governor of Virginia, and accordingly, also, the first of Illinois County. NOETHWESTERN TEERITOEY. Illinois continued to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that State ceded all the territory north of the Ohio to the United States. Immediately the general Government proceeded to establish a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded. This form continued until the passage of the ordi- nance of 1787, for the government of the Northwestern Terri- tory. No man can study the secret history of this ordinance and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye the des- i^ 56 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. tinies of these unborn States. American legislation has never achieved anything more admirable, as an internal government, than this comprehensive ordinance. Its provisions concerning the distribution of property, the principles of civil and religious liberty which it laid at the foundation of the communities since established, and the efficient and simple organization by which it created the first machinery of civil society, are worthy of all the praise that has ever been given them. OEDINANCE OF 1787. This ordinance has a marvelous and interesting history. Con- siderable controversy has been indulged in as to who is entitled to the credit for framing it. This belongs, undoubtedly, to Nathan Dane; and to Eufus King and Timothy Pickering belong the credit for suggesting the proviso contained in it against slavery, and also for aids to religion and knowledge, and for assuring for- ever the common use, without charge, of the great national high- ways of the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence and their tributaries to all the citizens of the United States. To Thomas Jefferson is also due much credit, as some features of this ordinance were embraced in his ordinance of 1784. But the part taken by each in the long, laborious and eventful struggle which had so glorious a consum- mation in the ordinance, consecrating forever, by one imprescript- ible and unchangeable monument, the very heart of our country to Freedom, Knowledge, and Union, will forever honor the names of those illustrious statesmen. Mr. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government for the Northwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist and favored the exclusion of slavery from the territory, but the South voted him down every time he proposed a measure of this nature. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti- slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in session in New York. On July 5, Eev. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the Northwestern Territory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that =SPv*- "f HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 57 once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale. He had studied and takeu de- grees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New England. As a scientist in America his name stood second only to that of Franklin He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and of inviting face. The Southern members said tliey had never seen such a gentleman in the North. He came representing a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This company had collected enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made Dr. Cutler their agent, which enabled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. As this would reduce the national debt, ai:d Jefi'erson's policy was to provide for the public credit, it presented a good opportunity to do something. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the North- western region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire South ral- lied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, be- cause many of the constituents of her members were interested personally in the Western speculation. Thus Cutler, making friends in the South, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convic- tions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact," which, preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred char- acter. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massa- chusetts, adopted three years before. Its most prominent points were: 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a semi- nary and every section numbered 16 in each township; that is, one thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or Jsz 58 HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS. the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Beit forever remembered that this compact declared that "re- ligion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good govern- ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu- cation shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified dec- laration that it was that or nothing,— that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it,— he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional convention at Philadeli^hia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani- mously adopted. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were consecrated to free- dom, intelligence, and morality. Thus the great heart of the nation was prepared to save the union of States, for it was this act that was the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder and tried to have the compact repealed. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee, of which John Kandolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact and opposed repeal. Thus it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. SYMPATHY "WITH SLATEEY. With all this timely aid it was, however, a most desperate and protracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end of the State slavery preceded the compact. It ex- isted among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. That portion was also settled from the slave States, and this popu- lation brought their laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. *The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The Northerner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt, and ignorance. These causes aided in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French set- tlers to retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might ^Tv*= HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 59 bring their slaves if tliey would give them an opportunity to choose freedom or years of service and bondage for their children till tliey should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State within sixty days, or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses for which white men were fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were im- ported from the slave States, just as the laws for the inspection of flax and wool were imported when there was neither in the State. ST. CLAIE, GOVEENOE OF NOETHWESTEEN TEEEITOEY. On October 5, 1787, Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair was, by Congress, elected Governor of this vast territory. St. Clair was born in Scot- land and emigrated to America in 1755. He served in the^ French and English war, and was major general in the Kevolution. In 1786 he was elected to Congress and chosen President of that body. ILLINOIS TEREITORY. After the division of the Northwestern Territory Illinois became one of the counties of the Territory of Indiana, from which it was separated by an act of Congress Feb. 3, 1809, forming the Territory of Illinois, with a population estimated at 9,000, and then included the present State of Wisconsin. It was divided, at the time, into two counties,-St. Clair and Eandolph. John Boyle, of Ken- tucky, was appointed Governor, by the President, James Madison, but declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same State, was then appointed and served with distinction; and after the organization of Illinois as a State he served in the same capacity, being its third Governor. WAE OF 1812. THE OUTBEEAK. For some years previous to the war between the United States and England in 1812, considerable trouble was experienced with the Indians. Marauding bands of savages would attack small settle- ments and inhumanly butcher all the inhabitants, and mutilate their dead bodies. To protect themselves, the settlers organized companies of rangers, and erected block houses and stockades m every settlement. The largest, strongest and best one of these was Fort Eussell, near the present village of Edwardsville. This stockade 7^ )V '-4^ 60 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. was made the main rendezvous for troops and military stores, and Gov. Edwards, who during the perilous times of 1812, when Indian hostilities threatened on every hand, assumed command of the Illi- nois forces, established his headquarters at this place. The Indians were incited to many of these depredations by English emissaries, who for years continued their dastardly work of "setting the red men, like dogs, upon the whites." In the summer of 1811 a peace convention was held with the Pottawatomies at Peoria, when they promised that peace should prevail; but their promises were soon broken. Tecumseh, the great warrior, and fit successor of Pontiac, started in the spring of 1811, to arouse the Southern Indians to war against the whites. The pur- pose of this chieftain was well known to Gov. Harrison, of Indiana Territory, who determined during Tecumseh's absence to strike and disperse the hostile forces collected at Tippecanoe. This he success- fully did on Nov. 7, winning the sobriquet of " Tippecanoe," by which he was afterwards commonly known. Several peace councils were held, at which the Indians promised good behavior, but only to deceive the whites. Almost all the savages of the Northwest were thoroughly stirred up and did not desire peace. The British agents at various points, in anticipation of a war with the United States, sought to enlist the favor of the savages by distributing to them large supplies of arms, ammunition and other goods. The English continued their insults to our flag upon the high seas, and their government refusing to relinquish its oft'ensive course, all hopes of peace and safe commercial relations were abandoned, and Congress, on the 19th of June, 1812, formally declared war against Great Britain. In Illinois the threatened Indian troubles had already caused a more thorough organization of the militia and greater protection by the erection of forts. As intimated, the In- dians took the war-path long before the declaration of hostilities between the two civilized nations, committing great depredations, the most atrocious of which was the MASSACEE AT FOET DEAEBOEN. During the war of 1812 between the United States and England, the greatest, as well as the most revolting, massacre of whites that ever occurred in Illinois, was perpetrated by the Pottawatomie In- dians, at Fort Dearborn. This fort was built by the Government, in 1804, on the south side of the Chicago river, and was garrisoned l^ 4'^ ..a 2 HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 61 by 54 men under command of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm and Ensign Konan; Dr. Voorhees, surgeon. Tlie residents at the post at that time were the wives of officers Heald and Helm and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadians. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, the prin- cipal tribes around them. On the 7th of August, 1812, arrived the order from Gen. Hull, at Detroit, to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and distribute all United States property to the Indians. Chicago was so deep in the wilderness OLD FORT DEARBORN. that this was the first intimation the garrison received of the dec- laration of war made on the 19th of June. The Indian chief who brought the dispatch advised Capt. Heald not to evacuate, and that if he should decide to do so, it be done immediately, and by forced marches elude the concentration of the savages before the news could be circulated among them. To this most excellent ad, vice the Captain gave no heed, but on the 12th held a council with -71 i^ ^•^1^ 02 HISTOKT OF ILLINOIS. the Indians, apprising them of the orders received, and offering a liberal reward for an escort of Pottawatomies to Fort Wayne. The Indians, with many professions of friendship, assented to all he proposed, and promised all he required. The remaining officers re- fused to join in the council, for they had been informed that treach- ery was designed,— that the Indians intended to murder those in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. The port hples were open, displaying cannons pointing directly upon the council. This action, it is supposed, prevented a massacre at that time. Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Capt. Heald not to confide in their promises, or distribute the arms and ammu- nitions among them, for it would only put power in their hands to destroy the whites. This argument, true and excellent in itself, was now certainly inopportune, and would only incense the treach- erous foe. But the Captain resolved to fullow it, and accordingly on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other property, the arms were broken, and the barrels of whisky, of which there was a large quantity, were rolled quietly through the sally-port, their heads knocked in and their contents emptied into the river. On that night the lurking red-skins crept n^ar the fort and discovered the destruction of the promised booty going on within. The next morn- ing the powder was seen floating on the surface of the river, and the Indians asserted that such an abundance of " fire-water" had been emptied into the river as to make it taste " groggy." Many of them drank of it freely. On the 14th the desponding garrison was somewhat cheered by the arrival of Capt. Wells, with 15 friendly Miamis. Capt. Wells heard at Fort Wayne of the order to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and knowing the hostile intentions of the Indians, made a rapid march through the wilderness to protect, if possible, his niece, Mrs. Heald, and the officers and the garrison from certain destruction. But he came too late. Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and aiyangements were made for leaving the fort on the following morning. The fatal morning of the 16th- at length dawned brightly on the world. The sun shone in unclouded splendor upon the glassy waters of Lake Michigan. At 9 a. m., the party moved out of the south- ern gate of the fort, in military array. The band, feeling the solem- nity of the occasion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. Capt. l^ ^•vK HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 63 "Wells, with his face blackened after the manner of the Indians, led the advance guard at the head of his friendly Miarais, the garrison' with loaded arms, the baggage wagons with the sick, and the women and children following, while the Pottawatomie Indians, about 500 in number, who had pledged their honor to escort the whites in safety to Fort Wayne, brought up the rear. The party took the road along the lake shore. On reaching the range of sand-hills separating the beach from the prairie, about one mile and a half- from the fort, the Indians defiled to the right into the prairie, bring ing the sand-hills between them and the whites. This divergence was scarcely eflfected when Capt. Wells, who had kept in advance with his Indians, rode furiously back and exclaimed, " They are about to attack us. Form instantly and charge upon them!" These words were scarcely uttered before a volley of balls from Indian muskets was poured in upon them. The troops were hastily formed into line, and charged up the bank. One veteran of 70 fell as they ascended. The Indians were driven back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged by 54 soldiers, 12 civilians, and three or four women — the cowardly Miamis having fled at the outset — against 500 Indian warriors. The whites behaved gallantly, and sold their lives dearly. They fought desperately until two-thirds of their number were slain; the remaining 27 surrendered. And now the most sickening and heart-rending butchery of this calam- itous day was committed by a young savage, who assailed one of the baggage wagons containing 12 children, every one of which fell beneath his murderous tomahawk. When Capt. Wells, who with the others had become prisoner, beheld this scene at a distance, he exclaimed in a tone loud enough to be heard by the savages, " If this be your game, I can kill too;" and turning his horse, started for the place where the Indians had left their squaws and children. The Indians hotly pursued, but he avoided their deadly bullets for a time. Soon his horse was killed and he severely wounded. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him their prisoner and re- serve him for torture. But an enraged warrior stabbed him in the back, and he fell dead. His heart was afterwards taken out, cut in pieces and distributed among the tribes. Billy Caldwell, a half- breed Wyandot, well-known in Chicago long afterward, buried his remains the next day. Wells street in Chicago, perpetuates his memory. a NT JM« 64 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. A wife of one of the soldiers, who had frequently lieard that the Indians subjected their prisoners to tortures worse than death, resolved not to be taken alive, and continued fighting until she was hterallj cut to pieces. Mrs. Heald was an excellent equestrian, and an expert in the use of the rifle. She fought bravely, receiving several wounds. Though faint from loss of blood, she managed to keep in her saddle. A savage raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, and with a sweet smile and gentle voice said, in his own language, " Surely you will not kill a squaw." The arm of of the savage fell, and the life of this heroic woman was saved. Mrs. Helm had an encounter with a stalwart Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same time she seized the savage round the neck and endeavored to get his scalping-knife which hung in a sheath at his breast. While she was thus struggling, she was dragged from his grasp by another and an older Indian. The latter bore her, struggling and resisting, to the lake and plunged her in. She soon perceived it was not his intention to drown her, because he held her in such a position as to keep her head out of the water. She recognized him to be a celebrated chief called Black Partridge. When the firing ceased she was conducted up the sand-bank. SLAtlGHTEE OF PEISONEES. The prisoners were taken back to the Indian camp, when a new scene of horror was enacted. The wounded not being included in the terms of the surrender, as it was interpreted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having oflfered a liberal bounty for American scalps, nearly all the wounded were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was afterwards paid by the British general. In the stipulation of surrender, Capt. Heald had not particularly mentioned the wounded. These helpless sufferers, on reaching the Indian camp, were therefore regarded by the brutal savages as fit subjects upon which to display their cruelty and satisfy their desire for blood. Eeferring to the terrible butchery of the prisoners, in an account given by Mrs. Helm, she says: "An old squaw, infuriated by the loss of friends or excited by the sanguin- ary scenes around her, seemed possessed of demoniac fury. She seized a stable-fork and assaulted one miserable victim, who lay ;r^ ^ 71 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 65 groaning and writhing in the agonies of his wounds, aggravated by the scorching beams of the sun. With a delicacy of feeling, scarcely to have been expected under such circumstances, Wan-bee-nee-wan stretched a mat across two poles, between me and this dreadful scene. I was thus spared, in some degree, a view of its horrors, although I could not entirely close my ears to the cries of the sufferer. The following night hve more of the wounded prisoners were toma- hawked." KINZIE FAMILY SAVED. That evening, about sundown, a council of chiefs was held to decide the fate of the prisoners, and it was agreed to deliver them OLD KINZrE HOUSE. to the British commander at Detroit. After dark, many warriors from a distance came into camp, who were thirsting for blood, and were determined to murder the prisoners regardless of tlie terms of surrender. Black Partridge, with a few of his friends, surrounded Kinzie's house to protect the inmates from the tomahawks of the bloodthirsty savages. Soon a band of hostile warriors rushed by them into the house, and stood with tomahawks and scalping-knives, awaiting the signal from their chief to commence the work of death. >[^ J*: gg HI8T0ET OF ILLINOIS. Black Partridge said to Mrs. Kinzie: "We are doing everything in our power to save you, but all is now lost; you and your friends, to-ether with all the prisoners of the camp, will now be slam. At that moment a canoe was heard approaching the shore, when Black Partridge ran down to the river, trying in the darkness to make out the new comers, and at the same time shouted, "Who are you?" In the bow of the approaching canoe stood a tall, manly personage, with a rifle in his hand. He jumped ashore exclaiming, " I am Sau-o-a-nash." " Then make all speed to the house ; our friends are in dinger, and you only can save them." It was Billy Caldwell, the half-breed Wyandot. He hurried forward, entered the house with a resolute step, deliberately removed his accouterments, placed his rifle behind the door, and saluted the Indians: " How now, my friends! a good day to you. I was told there were enemies here, but am glad to find only friends." Diverted by the coolness of his manner, they were ashamed to avow their murderous purpose, and simply asked for some cotton goods to wrap their dead, for burial. And thus, by his presence of mind, Caldwell averted the murder of the Kinzie family and the prisoners. The latter, with their wives and children, were dispersed among the Pottawatomie tribes along the Illinois, Rock and Wabash rivers, and some to Milwaukee. The most of them were ransomed at Detroit the following spring. A part of them, however, remained in captivity another year. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. By the middle of August, through the disgraceful surrender of Gen. Hull, at Detroit, and the evacuation of Fort Dearborn and massacre of its garrison, the British and Indians were in possession of the whole Northwest. The savages, emboldened by their successes, penetrated deeper into the settlements, committing great depre- dations. The activity and success of the enemy aroused the people to a realization of the great danger their homes and families were in. Gov. Edwards collected a force of 350 men at Camp Russell, and Capt. Russell came from Vincennes with about 50 more. Being oflicered and equipped, they proceeded about the middle of October on horseback, carrying with them 20 days' rations, to Peoria. Capt. Craig was sent with two boats up the Illinois, with provisions and tools to build a fort. The little army proceeded to Peoria Lake, where was located a Pottawatomie village. They arrived late "'■?il«' •V a, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 67 at night, within a few miles of the village, without their presence being known to the Indians. Four men were sent out that night to reconnoiter the position of the village. The four brave men who volunteered for this perilous service were Thomas Carlin (after- ward Governor), and Robert, Stephen and Davis Whiteside. They proceeded to the village, and explored it and the approaches to it thoroughly, without starting an Indian or provoking the bark of a dog. The low lands between the Indian village and the troops were covered with a rank growth of tall grass, eo highland dense as to readily conceal an Indian on horseback, until within a few feet of him. The ground had become still more yielding by recent rains, rendering it almost impassable by mounted men. To prevent de- tection, the soldiers had camped without lighting the usual camp- fires. The men lay down in their cold and cheerless camp, with many misgivings. They well remembered how the skulking sav- ages fell upon Harrison's men at Tippecanoe during the night. To add to their fears, a gun in the hands of a soldier was carelessly discharged, raising great consternation in the camp. AN INDIAN KILLED. Through a dense fog which prevailed the following morning, the army took up its line of march for the Indian town, Capt. Judy with his corps of spies in advance. In the tall grass they came up with an Indian and his squaw, both mounted. The Indian wanted to surrender,but Judy observed that he "did not leave home to take prisoners," and instantly shot one of them. "With the blood streaming from his mouth and nose, and in his agony " singing the death song," the dying Indian raised his gun, shot and mortally wounded a Mr. Wright, and in a few minutes expired. Many guns were immediately discharged at the other Indian, not then known to be a squaw, all of which missed her. Badly scared, and her hus- band killed by her side, the agonizing wails of the squaw were heart-rending. She was taken prisoner, and afterwards restored to her nation. TOWN BURNED. On Hearing the town a general charge was made, the Indians fleein.. to the interior wilderness. Some of their warriors made a stand, when a sharp engagement occurred, but the Indians were routed. In their flight they left behind all their winter s store ot s V .^ 68 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. provisions, which was taken, and their town burned. Some Indian children were found who had been left in ( he hurried flight, also some disabled adults, one of whom was in a starving condition and with a voracious appetite partook of the bread given him. He is said to have been killed by a cowardly trooper straggling behind, after the main army had resumed its retrograde march, who wanted to be able to boast that he had killed an Indian. About the time Gov. Edwards started with his little band against the Indians, Gen. Hopkins, with 2,000 Kentucky riflemen, left Vincennes to cross the prairies of Illinois and destroy the Indian villages along the Illinois river. Edwards, with his rangers, ex- pected to act in concert with Gen. Hopkins' riflemen. After marching 80 or 90 miles into the enemy's country, Gen. Hopkins' men became dissatisfied, and on Oct. 20 the entire army turned and retreated homeward before even a foe had been met. After the victory of the Illinois rangers they heard nothing of Gen. Hopkins and bis 2,000 mounted Kentucky riflemen ; and apprehensive that a large force of warriors would be speedily collected, it was -deemed prudent not to protract their stay, and accordingly the retrograde march was commenced the very day of the attack. PEOKIA BUKNED. The force of Oapt. Craig, in charge of the provision boats, was not idle during this time. They proceeded to Peoria, where they were fired on by ten Indians during the night, who immediately fled. Capt. Craig discovered, at daylight, their tracks leading up into the French town. He inquired of the French their where- abouts, who denied all knowledge of them, and said they " had heard or seen nothing; " but he took the entire number prisoners, burned and destroyed Peoria, and bore the captured inhabitants away on his boats to a point below the present city of Alton, where he landed and left them in the woods,— men, women, and children,— in the inclement month of November, -without shelter, and without food other than the slender stores they had themselves gathered up before their departure. They found their way to St. Louis in an almost starving condition. The burning of Peoria and taking its inhabitants prisoners, on the mere suspicion that they sympathized with the Indians, was generally regarded as a needless, if not wanton, act of military power. ^- =sr^ HIBTOET OF ILLINOIS. 71 SECOND EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. In the early part of 1813, the conntry was put in as good defense as the sparse population admitted. In spite of the precaution taken, numerous depredations and murders were committed by the In- dians, which again aroused the whites, and another expedition was sent against the foe, who had collected in large numbers in and around Peoria. This army was composed of about 900 men, collect- ed from both Illinois and Missouri, and under command of Gen. Howard. They marched across the broad prairies of Illinois to Peoria, where there was a small stockade in charge of United States troops. Two days previously the Indians made an attack on the fort, but were repulsed. Being in the enemy's country, knowing their stealthy habits, and the troops at no time observing a high de- cree of discipline, many unnecessary night alarms occurred, yet the enemy were far away. The array marched up the lake to Chili- cothe, burning on its way two deserted villages. At the present" site of Peoria the troops remained in camp several weeks. While there they built a fort, which they named in honor of Gen. George Eogers Clark, who with his brave Virginians wrested Illinois from the English during the Revolutionary struggle. This fort was de-. stroyed by fire in 1818. It gave a name to Peoria which it wore for fleveral years. After the building of Fort Crevecceur, in 1680, Peo- ria lake was very familiar to "Western travel and history; but there is no authentic account of a permanent European settlement there until 1778, when Laville de Meillet, named after its founder, was started. Owing to the quality of the water and its greater salu- brity, the location was changed to the present site of Peoria, and by 1796 the old had been entirely abandoned for the new village. After its destruction in 1812 it was not settled again until 1819, and then by American pioneers, though in 1813 Fort Clark was built there. EXPEDITION UP THE MISSISSIPPI. The second campaign against the Indians at Peoria closed with- out an engagement, or even a sight of the enemy, yet great was the benefit derived from it. It showed to the Indians the power and resources of his white foe. Still the calendar of the horrible deeds of butchery of the following year is long and bloody. A joint ex- pedition again moved against the Indians in 1814, under Gov. i^ 72 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Olark of Missouri. This time they went up the Mississippi ia barges, Prairie du Ohien being the point of destination. There they found a small garrison of British troops, which, however, soon fled, as did the inhabitants, leaving Clark in full possession. He im- mediately set to work and erected Fort Shelby. The Governor returned to St. Louis, leaving his men in peaceable possession of the place, but a large force of British and Indians came down upon them, and the entire garrison surrendered. In the mean time Gen. Howard sent 108 men to strengthen the garrison. Of this number 66 were Illinois rangers, under Capts. Eector and Riggs, who oc- cupied two boats. The remainder were with Lieut, Campbell. A DESPERATE FIGHT. At Rock Island Campbell was warned to turn back, as an attack was contemplated. The other boats passed on up the river and were some two miles ahead when Campbell's barge was struck ,by a strong gale which forced it against a small island near the Illinois shore. Thinking it best to lie to till the wind abated, sentinels were stationed while the men went ashore to cook breakfast. At this time a large number of Indians on the main shore under Black Hawk commenced an attack. The savages in canoes passed rapidly to the island, and with a war-whoop rushed upon the men, who retreated and sought refuge in the barge. A battle of brisk musketry now ensued between the few regulars aboard the stranded barge and the hordes of Indians under cover of trees on the island,, with severe loss to the former. Meanwhile Capt. Rector and Riggs,*^ ahead with their barges, seeing the smoke of battle, attempted to return; but in the strong gale Riggs' boat became unmanageable and was stranded on the rapids. Rector, to avoid a similar disaster, let go his anchor. The rangers, however, opened with good aim and telling effect upon the savages. The unequal combat having raged for some time and about closing, the commander's barge, with many wounded and several dead on board,-among the former of whom, very badly, was Campbell him8elf,-was discovered to be on iire. Now Rector and his brave Illinois rangers, comprehending the horrid situation, performed, without delay, as cool and heroic a deed-and did it well-as ever imperiled the life of mortal man. In the howhng gale, in full view of hundreds of infuriated savages, and withm range of their rifles, they deliberately raised anchor, ^^■— ' ^ ^^=^K^ HISTORY OP ILLINOIS. 7b lightened their barge by casting overboard quantities of provisions, and guided it with the utmost labor down the swift current, to the windward of the burning barge, and under the galling fire of the enemy rescued all the survivors, and removed the wounded and dying to their vessel. This was a deed of noble daring and as heroic as any performed during the war in the West. Eector hur- ried with his over-crowded vessel to St. Louis. It was now feared that Eiggs and his company were captured and sacrificed by the savages. His vessel, which was strong and well armed, was for a time surrounded by the Indians, but the whites on the inside were well sheltered. The wind becoming allayed in the evening, the boat, under cover of the night, glided safely down the river without the loss of a single man. STILL ANOTHEK EXPEDITION. Notwithstanding the disastrous termination of the two expedi- tions already sent out, during the year 1814, still another was pro- jected. It was under Maj. Zachary Taylor, afterward President. Kector and Whiteside, with the lUinoisan, were in command of boats. The expedition passed Kock Island unmolested, when it was learned the country was not only swarming with Indians, but that the English were there in command with a detachment of regu- lars and artillery. The advanced boats in command of Kector, White- side and Hempstead, turned about and began to descend the rapids, fighting with great gallantry the hordes of the enemy, who were pouring their fire into them from the shore at every step. Near the mouth of Eock river Maj. Taylor anchored his fleet out in the Mississippi. During the night the English planted a battery of six pieces down at the water's edge, to sink or disable the boats, and filled the islands with red-skins to butcher the whites, who might, unarmed, seek refuge there. But in this scheme they were frustrated. In the morning Taylor ordered all the force, except 20 boatmen on each vessel, to the upper island to dislodge the enemy. The order was executed with great gallantry, the island scoured, many of the savages killed, and the rest driven to the lower island. In the meantime the British cannon told with effect upon the fleet. The men rushed back and the boats were dropped down the stream out of range of the cannon. Capt. Eector was now ordered with his company to make a sortie on the lower island, which he did, 74 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. driving the ludians back among the willows ; but they being re-in- forced, in turn hurled Rector back upon the sand-beach. A council of ofiBcers called by Taylor had by this time decided that their force was too small to contend with the enemy, who outnumbered them three to one, and the boats were in full retreat down the river. As Eector attempted to get under way his boat grounded, and the savages, with demoniac yells, surrounded it, when a most desperate hand-to-hand conflict ensued. The gallant ranger, Samuel Whiteside, observing the imminent peril of his brave Illinois comrade, went immediately to his rescue, who but for his timely aid would undoubtedly have been overpowered, with all his force, and murdered. Thus ended the last, like the two previous expeditions up the Mississippi during the war of 1812, in defeat and disaster. The enemy was in undisputed posession of all the country north of the Illinois river, and the prospects respecting those territories boded nothing but gloom. With the approach of winter, however, Indian depredations ceased to be committed, and the peace of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814, closed the war. ILLINOIS AS A STATE. OEGANIZATION. In January of 1818 the Territorial Legislature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in Congress from Illinois a petition pray- ing for admission into the national Union as a State. On April 18th of the same year Congress passed the enabling act, and *Dec. 3, after the State government had been organized and Gov; Bond had signed the Constitution, Congress by a resolution declared IIM. nois to be "one of the United States of America, and admitted int» the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects." The ordinance of 1787 declared that there should be at least three States carved out of the Northwestern Territory. The boundaries of the three, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, were fixed by this law. Congress reserved the power, however, of forming two other States out of the territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southern boundary of Lake Michigan. It was generally conceded that this line would be the northern boundary of Illinois ; ^^=^ - — ^==^ '-'^ HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 76 but as this would give the State no coast on Lake Michigan ; and rob her of the port of Chicago and the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal which was then contemplated, Judge Pope had the northern boundary moved fifty miles further north. BOUNDABY CHANGED. Not only is Illinois indebted to Nathaniel Pope for the port where now enter and depart more vessels during the year than in any other port in the world, for the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal, and for the lead mines at Galena, but the nation, the undivided Union, is largely indebted to him for its perpetuity. ,It was he, — his foresight, statesmanship and energy, — that bound our confederated Union with bands of iron that can never be broken. The geographical position of Illinois, with her hundreds of miles of water-courses, is such as to make her the key to the grand arch of Northern and Southern States. Extending from the great chain of lakes on the north, with snow and ice of the arctic region, to the cotton-fields of Tennessee ; peopled, as it is, by almost all races, classes and conditions of the human family ; guided by the various and diversified political, agricultural, religious and educational teachings common to both North and South, — Illinois can control, and has controlled, the destinies of our united and beloved republic. Pope seemingly foresaw that a struggle to dissolve the Union would be made. With a prophetic eye he looked down the stream of time for a half century and saw the great conflict between the South and North, caused by a determination to dissolve the confederation of States; and to preserve the Union, he gave to Illinois a lake coast. Gov. Ford, in his History of Illinois, written in 1847, while speaking of this change of boundary and its influence upon our nation, says: "What, then, was the duty of the national Government? Illinois was certain to be a great State, with any boundaries which that Government could give. Its great extent of territory, its unrivaled fertility of soil and capacity for sustaining a dense population, together with its commanding position, would in course of time give the new State a very controlling influence with her sister States situated upon the Western rivers, either in sustaining the federal Union as it-is, or in dissolving- it and establishing new gov- ernments. If left entirely upon the waters of these great rivers, it 7^ ^ Js= ^4^ 76 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. was plain that, in case of threatened disruption, the interest of the new State would be to join a Southern and Western confederacy; but if a large portion of it could be made dependent upon the com- merce and navigation of the great northern lakes, connected as they are with the Eastern States, a rival interest would be created to check the wish for a Western and Southern confederacy. " It therefore became the duty of the national Government not only to make Illinois strong, but to raise an interest inclining and binding her to the Eastern and Northern portions of the Union. This could be done only through an interest in the lakes. At that time the commerce on the lakes was small, but its increase was con- fidently expected, and, indeed, it has exceeded all anticipations, and is yet only in its infancy. To accomplish this object effectually, it was not only necessary to give to Illinois the port of Chicago and a route for the canal, but a considerable coast on Lake Michigan, with a country back of it sufficiently extensive to contain a popu- lation capable of exerting a decided influence upon the councils of the State. " There would, therefore, be a large commerce of the north, west- ern and central portion of the State afloat on the lakes, for it was then foreseen that the canal would be made; and this alone would be like turning one of the many mouths of the Mississippi into Lake Michigan at Chicago. A very large commerce of the center and south would be found both upon the lakes and rivers. Asso- ciations in business, in interest, and of friendship would be formed, both with the North and the South. A State thus situated, having such a decided interest in the commerce, and in the preservation of the whole confederacy, can never consent to disunion; for the Union cannot be dissolved without a division and disruption of the State itself. These views, urged by Judge Pope, obtained the unquali- fied assent of the statesmen of 1818. " These facts and views are worthy to be recorded in history as a standing and perpetual call upon Ulinoisans of every age to remember the great trust which has been reposed in them, as the peculiar champions and guardians of the Union by the great men and patriot sages who adorned and governed this country in the earlier and better days of the Eepublic." During the dark and trying days of the Eebellion, well did she remember this sacred trust, to protect which two hundred thousand ^ ^5 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 77 of her sons went to the bloody field of battle, crowning their arms with the laurels of war, and keeping inviolate the solemn obliga- tions bequeathed to them by their fathers. FIRST CONSTITUTION. In July and August of 1818 a convention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitution. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their appmval or rejection, it being well known that they would approve it. It was about the first organic law of any State in the Union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitution was held on the third Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected Governor, and Pierre Menard Lieuten- ant Governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time che State was divided into fifteen counties, the population being about 40,000. Of this number by far the larger portion were from the Southern States. The salary of the Governor was $1,000, while that of the Treasurer was $600. The Legislature re-enacted, ver- batim, the Territorial Code, the penalties of which were unneces- sarily severe. Whipping, stocks and pillory were used for minor offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was the penalty. These laws, however, were modified in 1821. The Legislature first convened at Kaskaskia, the ancient seat of empire for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this Legislature. A place in the wilderness on the Kaskaskia river was selected and named Vandalia. From Yandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1837. DERIVATION OF THE NAME ILLINOIS. The name of this beautiful "Prairie State" is derived from mini, an Indian word signifying superior men. It has a French termination, and is a symbol of the manner in which the two races, the French and Indians, were intermixed daring the early history of the country. The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabitants of the soil, whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile region in the great valley of the liL 78 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. Mississippi, which their ehemies coveted and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of war they were dimin- ished in number and finally destroyed. " Starved Rock," on the Illinois river, according to tradition, commemorates their last trag- edy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than surrender. The low cognomen of " Sucker," as applied to Illinoisans, is said to have had its origin at the Galena lead mines. In an early day, when these extensive mines were being worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the spring, work the lead mines, and in the fall return, thus establishing, as was supposed, a sim- ilitude between their migratory habits and those of the fishy tribe called "Suckers." For this reason the Illinoisans have ever since been distinguished by the epithet " Suckers." Those who stayed at the mines over winter were mostly from Wisconsin, and were called " Badgers." One spring the Missourians poured into the mines in such numbers that the State was said to have taken a puke, and the ofiensive appellation of " Pukes " was afterward applied to all Missourians. The southern part of the State, known as "Egypt," received this appellation because, being older, better settled and cultivated, grain was had in greater abundance than in the central and northern por- tion, and the immigrants of this region, after the manner of the children of Israel, went " thither to buy and to bring from thence that they might live and not die." STATE BANK. The Legislature, during the latter years of territorial existence, granted charters to several banks. The result was that paper money became very abundant, times flush, and credit unlimited; and every- body invested to the utmost limit 'of his credit, with confident expectation of realizing a handsome advance before the expiration of his credit, from the throng of immigrants then pouring into the country. By 1819 it became apparent that a day of reckoning would approach before their dreams of fortune could be realized. Banks everywhere began to waver, paper money became depreci- ated, and gold and silver driven out of the country. The Legisla- ture sought to bolster up the times by incorporating the "Bank of Illinois," which, with several branches, was created by the ses- sion of 1821. This bank, being wholly supported by the credit of the State, was to issue one, two, three, five, ten and twenty-dollar ■'A-— >rv «> J^* HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 79 notes. It was the duty of the bank to advance, upon personal prop- erty, money to the amount of $100, and a larger amount upon real estate. All taxes and public salaries could be paid in such bills; and if a ci-editor refused to take them, he had to wait three years longer before he could collect his debt. The people imagined that simply because the government had issued the notes, they would remain at par; and although this evidently could not be the case, they were yet so infatuated with their project as actually to request the United States government to receive them in payment for their public lands! Although there were not wanting men who, like John McLean, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, fore- saw the dangers and evils likely to arise from the creation of such a bank, by far the greater part of the people were in favor of it. The new bank was therefore started. The new issue of bills by the bank of course only aggravated the evil, heretofore so grievously felt, of the absence of specie, so that the people were soon com- pelled to cut their bills in halves and quarters, in order to make small change in trade. Finally the paper currency so rapidly depre- ciated that three dollars in these bills were considered worth only one in specie, and the State not only did not increase its revenue, but lost full two-thirds of it, and expended three times the amount required to pay the expenses of the State government. Lafayette's visit. In the spring of 1825 the brave and generous LaFayette visited Illinois, accepting the earnest invitation of the General Assembly, and an affectionately written letter of Gov. Cole's, who had formed his personal acquaintance in France in 1817. The General in reply said: " It has been my eager desire, and it is now my earnest inten- tion, to visit the Western States, and particularly the State of Illi- nois'. The feelings which your distant welcome could not fail to excite have increased that patriotic eagerness to admire on that blessed spot the happy and rapid results of republican institutions, public and domestic virtues. I shall, after the 22d of February (anniversary day), leave here for a journey to the Southern States, and from New Orleans to the Western States, so as to return to Boston on the 14tlf of June, when the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill monument is to be laid,— a ceremony sacred to the whole Union and in which I have been engaged to act a peculiar and honorable part." 7« -J « 80 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. General LaFayette and suite, attended by a large delegation of prominent citizens of Missouri, made a visit by the steamer Natcb- ez to the ancient town of Kaskaskia. No military parade was attempted, but a multitude of patriotic citizens made him welcome. A reception was held, Gov. Cole delivering a glowing address of welcome. During the progress of a grand ball held that night, a verv interesting interview took place between the honored General and' an Indian squaw whose father had served under him in the Revolutionary war. The squaw, learning that the great white chief was to be at Kaskaskia on that night, had ridden all day, from early dawn till sometime in the night, from her distant home, to see the man whose name had been so often on her father's tongue, and with which she was so familiar. In identification of her claim to his distinguished acquaintance, she brought with her an old, worn letter which the General had written to her father, and which the Indian chief had preserved with great care, and finally bequeathed on his death-bed to his daughter as the most precious legacy he had to leave her. By 12 o'clock at night Gen. LaFayette returned to his boat and started South. The boat was chartered by the State. EAELT GOVEENOES. In the year 1822 the term of office of the first Governor, Shadrach Bond, expired. Two parties sprung up at this time, — one favorable,- the other hostile, to the introduction of slavery, each proposing a candidate of its own for Governor. Both parties worked hard to secure the election of their respective candidates ; but the people at large decided, as they ever have been at heart, in favor of a free State. Edward Coles, an anti-slavery man, was elected, although a majority of the Legislature were opposed to him. The subject of principal interest during his administration was to make Illinois a slave State. The greatest effort was made in lS2i, and the propo- sition was defeated at the polls by a majority of 1,800. The aggre- gate vote polled was 11,612, being about 6,000 larger than at the previous State election. African slaves were first introduced into Illinois in 1720 by Eenault, a Frenchman. Senator Duncan, afterward Governor, presented to the Legisla- ture of 1824-5 a bill for the support of schools by a public tax; and "William S. Hamilton presented another bill requiring a tax to be HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 81 used for the purpose of constructing and repairing the roads, — both of which bills passed and became laws. . But although these laws conferred an incalculable benefit upon the public, the very name of a tax was so odious to the people that, rather than pay a tax of the smallest possible amount, they preferred working as they formerly did, five days during the year on the roads, and would allow their children to grow up without any instruction at all. Consequently both laws were abolished in 1826. In the year 1826 the office of Governor became again vacant. Ninian Edwards, Adolphus F. Hubbard and Thomas C. Sloe were candidates. Edwards, though the successful candidate, had made himself many enemies by urging strict inquiries to be made into the corruption of the State bank, so that had it not been for his talents and noble personal appearance, he would most probably not have been elected. Hubbard was a man of but little personal merit. Of him tradition has preserved, among other curious sayings, a speech on a bill granting a bounty on wolf-scalps. This speech, delivered before the Legislature, is as follows : " Mr. Speaker, I rise before the question is put on this bill, to say a word for my constit- uents. Mr. Speaker, I have never seen a wolf. I cannot say that I am very well acquainted with the nature and habits of wolves. Mr. Speaker, I have said that I had never seen a wolf; but now I remember that once on a time, as Judge Brown and I were riding across the Bonpas prairie, we looked over the prairie about three miles, and Judge Brown said, 'Hubbard, look! there goes a wolf; ' and I looked, and I looked, and I looked, and I said, ' Judge, where?' and he said, 'There!' And I looked again, and this time in the edge of a hazel thicket, about three miles across the prairie, I think I saw the wolf's tail. Mr. Speaker, if I did not see a wolf that time, I think I never saw -one; but I have heard much, and read more, about this animal. I have studied his natural history. " By the bye, history is divided into two parts. There is first the history of the fabulous; and secondly, of the non-fabulous, or unknown age. Mr. Speaker, from all these sources of information I learn that the wolf is a very noxious animal ; that he goes prowl- ing about, seeking something to devour; that he rises up irf the dead and secret hours of night, when all nature reposes in silent oblivion, and then commits the most terrible devastation upon the rising generation of hogs and sheep. T>PV 82 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. " Mr. Speaker, I have done; and I return my thanks to the house for their kind attention to luy remarks." Gov. Edwards was a large and well-made man, with a noble, princely appearance. Of him Gov. Ford says: "He never con- descended to the common low art of electioneering. Whenever he went out among the people he arrayed himself iu the style of a gentleman of the olden time, dressed in fine broadcloth, with short breeches, long stockings, and high, fair-topped boots; was drawn in a fine carriage driven by a negro ; and for success he relied upon his speeches, which were delivered in great pomp and in style of diffuse and florid eloquence. Wlien he was inaugurated in 1826, he appeared before the General Assembly wearing a golden-laced cloak, and with great pomp pronounced his first message to the houses of the Legislature." GEAMMAE AND COOK CONTEASTED. Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar, who was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1816, and held the position for about twenty years, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it: if it proves a failure, he could quote its record." When first honored with a seat in the Assembly, it is said that he lacked the apparel necessary for a member of the Legislature, and in order to procure them he and his sons gathered a large (Quantity of hazel-nuts, which were taken to the Ohio Saline and sold for cloth to make a coat and pantaloons. The cloth was the blue strouding commonly used by the Indians. The neighboring women assembled to make up the garments; the cloth was measured every way, — across, lengthwise, and from corner to corner, — and still was found to be- scant. It was at last con- cluded to make a very short, bob-tailed coat and a long pair of leg- gins, which being finished, Mr. Grammar started for the State capital. In sharp contrast with Grammar was the character of D. P. Cook, in honor of whom Cook county was named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means Com- mittee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard- less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy A HISTOKT OF ILLINOIS. 83 Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1824, Jackson, Clay, Crawford and Adams. There being no choice by the people, the election was thrown into the House. It was so bal- anced that it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, elect- ing him. He then came home to face the wrath of the Jackson party in Illinois. The first mail route in the State was established in 1805. This was from Vincennes to Cahokia. In 1824 there was a direct mail route from Vandalia to Springfield. The first route from the central part of the State to Chicago was established in 1832, from Shelby- ville. The difficulties and dangers encountered by the early mail carriers, in time of Indian troubles, were very serious. The bravery and ingenious devices of Harry Milton are mentioned with special commendation. When a boy, in 1812, he conveyed the mail on a wild French pony from Shawneetown to St. Louis, over swollen streams and through the enemy's country. So infrequent and irregular were the communications by mail a great part of the time, that to-day, even the remotest part of the United States is unable to appreciate it by example. The first newspaper published in Illinois was the Illinois Herald, established at Kaskaskia by Mathew Duncan, There is some va- riance as to the exact time of its establishment. Gov. Keynolds claimed it was started in 1809. Wm. H. Brown, afterwards its editor, gives the date as 1814. In 1831 the criminal code was first adapted to penitentiary pun- ishment, ever since which time the old system of whipping and pillory for the punishment of criminals has been disused. There was no legal rate of interest till 1830. Previously the rate often reached as high as 150 per cent., but was usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, then to 10, and lastly to 8 per cent. INDIAN TKOUBLES. WINNEBAGO WAE. The Indians, who for some years were on peaceful terms with the whites, became troublesome in 1827. The Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes and other tribes had Ijeen at war for more than a hun- dred years. In the summer of 1827 a war party of the "Winnebagoes surprised a party of Chippewas and killed eight of them. Four =^ ^s^ l^ 84 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. of the murderers were arrested and delivered to the Chippewas, by whom they were immediately shot. This was the first irritation of the Winnebagoes. Red Bird, a chief of this tribe, in order to avenge the execution of the four warriors of his own people, attacked the Chippewas, but was defeated; and being determined to satisfy his thirst for revenge by some means, surprised and killed several white men. Upon receiving intelligence of these murders, the whites who were working the lead mines in the vicinity of Galena formed a body of volunteers, and, re-inforced by a company of United States troops, marched into the country of the Winnebagoes. To save their nation from the miseries of war, JRed Bird and six other men of his nation voluntarily surrendered themselves. Some of the number were executed, some of them imprisoned and destined, like Eed Bird, ingloriously to pine away within the narrow confines of a jail, when formerly the vast forests had proven too limited fol them. JOHN REYNOLDS ELECTED GOVEENOB. In August, 1830, another gubernatorial election was held. The candidates were William Kinney, then Lieutenant Governor, and John Beynolds, formerly an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, both Jackson Democrats. The opposition brought forward no can- didate, as they were in a helpless minority. Reynolds was the successful candidate, and under his administration was the famous BLACK HAWK WAR. In the year of 1804 a treaty was concluded between the United States and the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations. One old chief of the Sacs, however, called Black Hawk, who had fought with great bravery in the service of Great Britain during the war of 1812, had always taken exceptions to this treaty, pronouncing it void. In 1331 he established himseU', with a chosen band of warriors, upon the dis- puted territory, ordering the whites to leave the country at once. The settlers complaining, Gov. Reynolds dispatched Gen. Gaines, with a company of regulars and 1,500 volunteers, to the scene of action. Taking the Indians by surprise, the troops burnt their villages and forced them to conclude a treaty, by which they ceded all lands east of the Mississippi, and agreed to remain on the western side of the river. Necessity forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk into submission, which made him more than ever determined to be — «= V HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 87 avenged upoi: his enemies. Having rallied around him the warlike braves of the Sao and Fox natioois, he crossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the invasion, Gov. Reynolds hastily coUectP'' a body of 1,800 volunteers, placing them under the command oi ±Jrig-Gen. Samuel Whiteside. The army marched to the Mississippi, and having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as ''Prophet's Town," proceeded for several miles up the river to Dixon, to join the regular forces under Gen. Atkinson. They found at Dixon two companies of volunteers, who, sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the enemy. They advanced under command of Maj. Stillman, to a creek afterwards called "Stillman's run;" and while encamping there saw a party of mounted Indians at the distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them; but, attacked by the main body under Black Hawk, they were routed, and by their precipitate flight spread such a panic through the camp that the whole company ran oif to Dixon as fast as their legs could carry them. On their arrival it was found that there had been eleven killed. The party came straggling into camp all night long, four or five at a time, each squad positive that all who were left behind were massacred. It is said that a big, tall Kentuckian, with a loud voice, who was a colonel of the militia but a private with Stillman, upon his arrival in camn gave to Gen. "Whiteside and the wondering multi- tude the foUowdng glowing and bombastic account of the battle: "Sirs," said he, "our detachment was encamped among some scat- tering timber on the north side of Old Man's creek, with the prairie from the north gently sloping down to our encampment. It was just after twilight, in the gloaming of the evening, when we dis- covered Black Hawk's army coming down upon us in solid column ; they displayed in the form of a crescent upon the brow of the prai- rie, and such accuracy and precision of military movements were never witnessed by man; they were equal to the best troops of Wellington in Spain. ^ have said that the Indians came down in solid columns, and displayed in the form of a crescent; and what was most wonderful, there were large squares of cavalry resting upon the points of the curve, which squares were supported again by ^ iFT It c» 00 HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. other columns fifteen deep, extending back through the woods and over a swamp three-quarters of a mile, which again rested on the main body of Black Hawk's army bivouacked upon the banks of the Kishwakee. It was a terrible and a glorious sight to see the tawny warriors as they rode along our flanks attempting to outflank us, with the glittering moonbeams glistening from their polished blades and burnished spears. It was a sight well calculated to strike con- sternation in the stoutest and boldest heart; and accordingly our men soon began to break in small squads, for tall timber. In a very little time the rout became general, the Indians were soon upon our flanks and threatened the destruction of our entire detach- ment. About this time Maj. Stillman, Col. Stephenson, Maj. Perkins, Capt. Adams, Mr. Hackelton, and myself, with some others, threw ourselves into the rear to rally the fugitives and pro- tect the retreat. But in a short time all my companions fell bravely fighting hand-to-hand with the savage enemy, and I alone was left upon the field of battle. About this time I discovered not far to the left a corps of horsemen which seemed to be in tolerable order. I immediately deployed to the left, when, leaning down and placing my body in a recumbent posture upon the mane of my horse so as to bring the heads of the horsemen between my eye and the horizon, I discovered by the light of the moon that they were gentlemen who did not wear hats, by which token I knew thev were no friends of mine. I therefore made a rctrogade movement and recovered my position, where I remained some time meditating what further I could do in the service of my country, when a ran- dom ball came whistling by my ear and plainly whispered to me. ' Stranger, you have no further business here.' Upon hearing this I followed the example of my companions' in arms, and broke for tall timber, and the way I ran was not a little.'' For a long time afterward Maj. Stillnan and his men were sub- jects of ridicule and merriment, which was as undeserving as their expedition was disastrous. Stillman's defeat spread consternation throughout the State and nation. The number of Indians was greatly exaggerated, and the name of Black Hawk carried with it ' associations of great military talent, savage cunning and cruelty. ASSAULT ON APPLE EIVEE FOET. A regiment sent to spy out the country between Galena and Rock Island was surprised by a party of seventy Indians, and was on the ^e l\^ ■s|« HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 89 point of being thrown into disorder when Gen. Whiteside, then serving as a private, shouted out that he would shoot the first man who should turn his back to the enemy. Order being restored, the battle began. At its very outset Gen. "Whiteside shot the leader of the Indians, who thereupon commenced a hasty retreat. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of 150 warriors, attack- ed the Apple Eiver Fort, near Galena, defended by 25 men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protection to the miners. For fifteen consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain the assault of the savage enemy ; but knowing very well that no quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and des- peration that the Indians, after losing many of their best warriors, were compelled to retreat. Another party of eleven Indians murdered two men near Fort Hamilton. They were afterwards overtaken by a company of twenty men and every one of them was killed. BOOK KIVER EXPEDITION. A new regiment, under the command of Gen. Atkinson, assem- bled on the banks of the Illinois in the latter part of June. Maj. Dement, with a small party, was sent out to reconnoittr the move- ments of a large body of Indians, whose endeavors to surround him made it advisable for him to retire. Upon hearing of this engage- ment. Gen. Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept the Indians, while' he with the main body of his army, moved north to meet the Indians under Black Hawk. They moved siowly and cautiously through the country, passed through Turtle village, and marched up alo°ng Kock river. On their arrival news was brought ol the discovery of the main trail of the Indians. Considerable search was made, but they were unable to discover any vestige of Indians save two who had shot two soldiers the day previous Hearing that Black Hawk was encamped on Kock river, at the Manitou village, they resolved at once to advance upon the enemy; but in the execution of their design they met with oppositu>n from their officers and men. The officers of Gen. Henry handed to him a written protest; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to be arrested and escorted to Gen. Atkinson Within a few minutes after the stern order was given, the officers all collected around the General's quarters, many of them with tears m their 90 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. eyes, pledging themselves that if forgiven they would return to duty and never do the like again. The General rescinded the order, and they at once resumed duty. THE BATTLE OF BAD-AXE. Gen. Henry marched on the 15th of July in pursuit of the Indians, reaching Kock river after three days' journey, where he learned Black Hawk was encamped further up the river. On July 19th the troops were ordered to commence their march. After having made fifty miles, they were overtaken by a terrible thunder- storm which lasted all night. Nothing cooled, however, in their courage and zeal, they marched again fifty miles the next day, encamping near the place where the Indians had encamped the night before. Hurrying along as fast as they could, the infantry keeping up an equal pace with the mounted force, the troops on the morning of the 21st crossed the river connecting two of the four lakes, by which the Indians had been endeavoring to escape. They found, on their way, the ground strewn with kettles and articles of baggage, which the haste of their retreat had obliged the Indians to throw away. The troops, inspired with new ardor, advanced so rapidly that at noon they fell in with the rear guard of the Indians. Those who closely pursued them were saluted with a sudden fire of musketry by a body of Indians who had concealed them- selves in the high grass of the prairie. A most desperate charge was made upon the Indians, who, unable to resist, retreated obliquely, in order to out-flank the volunteers on the right; but the latter charged the Indians in their ambush, and expelled tliem from their thickets at the point of the bayonet, and dispersed them. Night set in and the battle ended, having cost the Indians 68 of their bravest men, while the loss of the Illinoisans amounted to but one killed and 8 wounded. Soon after this battle Gens. Atkinson and Henry joined their forces and pursued the Indians. Gen. Henry struck the main trail, left his horses behind, formed an advance guard of eight men, and marched forward upon their trail. When these eight men came within sight of the river, they were suddenly fired upon and five of them killed, the remaining three maintaining their ground till Gen. Henry came up. Then the Indians, charged upon with the bayonet, fell back upon their main force. The battle now l\^ flISTOEr OF ILLINOIS. 91 became general; the Indians fought with desperate valor, but were furiously assailed by the volunteers with their bayonets, cutting many of the Indians to pieces and driving the rest into the river. Those who escaped from being drowned took refuge on an island. On hearing the frequent discharge of musketry, indicating a general engagement, Gen. Atkinson abandoned the pursuit of the twenty Indians under Black Hawk himself, and hurried to the scene of action, where he arrived too late to take part in the battle. He :mmediately forded the river with his troops, the water reaching up to their necks, and landed on the sland where the Indians had secreted themselves. The soldiers ru&.iied upon the Indians, killed several of them, took others prisoner, and chased the rest into the river, where they were either droM ned or shot before reaching the opposite shore. Thus ended the bjttle, the Indians losing 300 besides 50 prisrners; the whites but 17 killed and 12 wounded. INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. Many painful incidents occurred during this battle. A Sac woman, the sister of a warrior of some notoriety, found herself in the thickest of the fight, but at length succeeded in reaching the river, when, keeping her infant child Siafe in its blankets by means of her teeth, she plunged into tb*^ "'atp.r, seized the tail of a horse with her hands whose rider was swimming the stream, and was drawn safely across. A young squaw during the battle was stand- ing in the grass a short distance from the American line, holding her child — a little girl of four years — in her arms. In this posi- tion a ball struck the right arm of the child, shattering the bone, and passed into the breast of the young mother, instantly killing her. She fell upon the ch'ld and confined it to the ground till the Indians were driven from that part of the field. Gen. Anderson, of the United States army, hearing its cries, went to the spot, took it from under the dead body and carried it to the surgeon to have its wound dressed. The arm was amputated, and during the oper- ation the half-starved child did not cry, but sat quietly eating a hard piece of biscuit. It was sent to Prairie du Ohien, where it entirely recovered. BLACK HAWK OAPTUEED. Black Hawk, with his twenty braves, retreated up the Wisconsin, river. The "Winnebagoes, desirous of securing the friendship of « — .^ liL 92 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the whites, went in pursuit and captured and delivered them to Gen. Street, the United States Indian agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These with Black Hawk were taken to "Washington, D. C, and soon con- signed as prisoners at Fortress Monroe. At the interview Black Hawk had with the President, he closed his speech delivered on the occasion in the following words: " "We did not expect to conquer the whites. They have too many houses, too many men. I took up the hatchet, for my part, to revenge injuries which my people could no longer endure. Had I borne them longer without striking, my people would have said, ' Black Hawk is a woman; he is too old to be a chief; he is no Sac' These reflections caused me to raise the war-whoop. I say no more. It is known to you. Keokuk once was here; you took him by the hand, and when he wished to return to his home, you were willing. Black Hawk expects, like Keokuk, he shall be permitted to return too." ' BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCH OF BLACK HAWK. Black Hawk, or Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, was born in the prin- cipal Sac village, near the junction of Bock river with the Missis- sippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa. Black Hawk early distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted to paint, and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783 he went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one of whom he killed and scalped; and for this deed of Indian bravery he was permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years afterward he, at the head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce battle ensued in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them near the present city of St. Louis his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of the " Medicine Bag," at once announced him- self chief of the Sac nation. He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes and a hundred lowas, he waged war against the Osage ^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 93 nation, and subdued it. For two years he battled successfully with other Indian tribes, all of which he conquered. The year following the treaty at St. Louis, in 1804, the United States Government erected a fort near the head of Des Moines Kapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of the Mississippi, above the mouth of the Des Moines. The fort was garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties with the British Government arose about this time, and the war of 1812 followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, induced them to remain hostile to the Ameri- cans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing ou his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn massacre had a few days before been perpetrated. Of his con- nection with the British but little is known. In the early part of 1815, the Indians west of the Mississippi were notified 'that peace had been declared between the United States and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. From the time of signing this treaty, in 1816, until the breaking out of the Black Hawk war, he and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox Indians were urged to move to the west of the Mississippi. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of which Black Hawk was leader. He strongly objected to the removal, and was induced to comply only after being threatened by the Govern- ment. This action, and various others on the part of the white settlers, provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his native village, now occupied by the whites. The war fol- lowed. He and his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been complied with at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would have been prevented. BLACK HAWK SET AT LIBEETT. By order of the President, Black Hawk and his companions, who were in confinement at Fortress Monroe, were set free on the 4th day of June, 1833. Before leaving the fort Black Hawk » ^s 94 niSTOEY OF ILLINOIS. made the following farewell speech to the commander, which is not only eloquent but shows that within his chest of steel there beat a heart keenly alive to the emotions of gratitude: " Brother, I have come on mj own part, and in behalf of my companions, to bid you farewell. Our great father has at length been pleased to permit us to return to our hunting grounds. We have buried the tomahawk, and the sound of the rifle hereafter will only bring death to the deer and the buffalo. Brothers, you have treated the red man very kindly. Your squaws have made them presents, and you have given them plenty to eat and drink. The memory of your friendship will remain till the Great Spirit says it is time for Black Hawk to sing his death song. Brother, your houses are as numerous as the leaves on the trees, and ycur young warriors like the sands upon the shore of the big lake that rolls before us. The red man has but few houses and few warriors, but the red man has a heart which throbs as warmly as the heart of his white brother. The Great Spirit has given us our hunting grounds, and the skin of the deer which we kill there is his favorite, for its color is white, and this is the emblem of peace. This hunting dress and these feathers of the eagle are white. Accept them, my brother. I have given one like this to the White Otter. Accept it as a memorial of Black Hawk. When he is far away this will serve to remind you of him. May the Great Spirit bless you and your children. Farewell." After their release from prison they were conducted, in charge of Major Garland, through some of the principal cities, that they might witness the power of the United States and learn their own inability to cope with them in war. Great multitudes flocked to see them wherever they were taken, and the attention paid them rendered their progress through the country a triumphal procession, instead of the transportation of prisoners by an ofiicer. At Rock Island the prisoners were given their liberty, amid great and impressive ceremony. In 1838 Black Hawk built him a dwelling near Des Moines, Iowa, and furnished it after the manner of the whites, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and hunting and fishing. Here, with his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, he passed the few remaining days of liis life. To his credit, it may be said, that Black Hawk remained true to his wife, and served her 4 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 95 with a devotion uncommon among Indians, living with her up- ward of forty years. BLACK hawk's DEATH AND BtTEIAL. At all times when Black Hawk visited the whites he was received with marked attention. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' re- union in Lee county, Illinois, at some of their meetings and received many tokens of esteem. In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted in a fatal attack of bilious fever, and terminated his life October 3. After his death, he was dressed in the uniform presented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. The body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture upon a seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side the cane given him by Henry Clay was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. Thus, after a long, adventurous and shifting life. Black Hawk was gathered to his fathers. FEOM 1834 TO 1842. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began rapidly to pour into the northern part of Illinois, now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had grown into a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. At the general election in 1834 Joseph Duncan was chosen Governor, by a handsome majority. His principal opponent was ex-Lieutenant Governor Kinney. A reckless and uncontrollable desire for internal public improvements seized the minds of the people. In his message to the Legislature, in 1835, Gov. Duncan said: " When we look abroad and see the extensive lines of inter- communication penetrating almost every section of our sister States ; when we see the canal boat and the locomotive bearing with seem- ing triumph the rich productions of the interior to the rivers, lakes and ocean, almost annihilating time, burthen and space, what patriot bosom does not beat high with a laudable ambition to give Illinois her full share of those advantages which are adorning her IFT ±^ 96 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. sister States, and which a magnificent Providence seems to invite by a wonderful adaptation of our whole country to such improve- ments?" STUPENDOUS SYSTEM OF IMPEOVEMENTS INAUGUEATED. The Legislature responded to the ardent words of the Governor, and enacted a system of internal improvements without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all directions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. There were a few counties not touched by railroad, or river or canal, and the}' were to be comforted and compensated by the free distribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon bej'ond credence, it was ordered that work should commence on both ends of each of these railroads and riversj and at each river-crossing, all at the same time. This provision, which has been called the crowning folly of the entire system, was the result of those jealous combinations ema- nating from the fear that advantages might accrue to one section over another in the commencement and completion of the works. We can appreciate better, perhaps, the magnitude of this grand system by reviewing a few figures. The debt authorized for these improvements in the first instance was $10,230,000. But this, as it was soon found, was based upon estimates at least too low by half. This, as we readily see, committed the State to a liability of over $30,000,000, equivalent to $200,000,000, at the pre.sent time, with over ten times the population and more than ten times the wealth. Such stupendous undertakings by the State naturally engendered the fever of speculation among individuals. That particular form known as the town-lot fever assumed the malignant type at first in Chicago, from whence it spead over the entire State and adjoining States. It was an epidemic. It cut up men's farms without regard to locality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. It was estimated that building lots enough were sold in Indiana alone to accommodate every citizen then in the United States. Chicago, which in 1830 was a small trading-post, had within a few years grown into a city. This was the starting point of the wonderful and marvelous career of that city. Improvements, -7; sfv 4^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 97 unsurpassed by individual efforts in the annals of the world, were then begun and have been maintained to this day. Though visited by the terrible fire fiend and the accumulations of years swept away in a night, yet she has arisen, and to-day is the best built city in the world. Eeports of the rapid advance of property in Chicago spread to the East, and thousands poured into her borders, bringing money, enterprise and industry. Every ship that left her port carried with it maps of splendidly situated towns and additions, arid every vessel that returned was laden with immigrants. It was said at the time that the staple articles of Illinois export were town plots, and that there was danger of crowding the State with towns to the exclusion of land for agriculture. ILLINOIS Airo MICHIGAN CANAL. The Illinois and Michigan canal again received attention. This enterprise is one of the most important in the early development of Illinois, on account of its magnitude and cost, and forniing as it does the connecting link between the great chain of lakes and the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Gov. Bond, the first Governor, recommended in his first message the building of the canal. In 1821 the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. This work was performed by two young men, who estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It cost, however, when completed, $8,000,000. In 1825 a law was passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon the solicitation of Daniel P. Cook, Congressman from this State, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828 commis- sioners were appointed, and work commenced with a new survey and new estimates. In 1834-5 the ^vork was again pushed forward, and continued until 1848, when it was completed. PANIC REPUDIATION ADVOCATED. Bonds of the State were recklessly disposed of both in the East and in Europe. Work was commenced on various lines of railroad, but none were ever completed. On the Northern Cross Railroad, from Meredosia east eight miles, the first locomotive that ever turned a wheel in the great valley of the Mississippi, was run. The date of this remarkable event was Nov. 8, 1838. Large sums of money were being expended with no assurance of a revenue, ^ -^ 98 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and consequently, in 1840, the Legislature repealed the improve- ment laws passed three years previously, not, however, until the State had accumulated a debt of nearly $15,000,000. Thus fe'.l, after a short but eventful life, by the hands of its creator, the most stupendous, extravagant and almost ruinous folly of a grand sys- tem of internal improvements that any civil community, perhaps, ever engaged in. The State banks failed, specie was scarce, an enormous debt was accumulated, the interest of which could not be paid, people were disappointed in the accumulation of wealth, and real estate was worthless. All this had a tendency to create a desire to throw off the heavy burden of State debt by repudiation. This was boldly advocated by some leading men. The fair fame and name, however, of the State was not tarnished by repudiation. Men, true, honest, and able, were placed at the head of affairs; and though the hours were dark and gloomj^, and the times most try- ing, yet our grand old State was brought through and prospered, until to-day, after the expenditure of millions for public improve- ments and for carrying on the late war, she has, at present, a debt of only about $300,000. MAETTE FOE LIBERTY. The year 183T is memorable for the death of the first martyr for liberty, and the abolishment of American slavery, in the State. Elijah P. Lovejoy was shot by a mob in Alton, on the night of the rth of November of that year. He was at the time editor of the Alton Obiierver, and advocated anti-slavery principles in its columns. For this practice three of his presses had been destroyed On the arrival of the fourth the tragedy occurred which cost him his life. In anticipation of its arrival a series of meetino-g were held in which the friends of freedom and of slavery were represented The object was to effect a compromise, but it was one in which liberty was to make concessions to oppression. In a speech made at one of these meetings, Lovejoy said: "Mr. Chairman, what have I to compromise? If freely to forgive those who have so greatly injured me; if to pray for their temporal and eternal happiness; if B 111 to wish for the prosperity of your city and State, notwith- standing the indignities I have suffered in them,-if this be the compromise intended, then do I willingly make it. I do not admit that It IS the business of any body of men to say whether I shall ^1^ HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS. 101 0, shall not publish a paper in this city. That right was given to mv/ by my Creator, and is solemnly guaranteed by the Constitution of the [Jnited States and of this State. But if by compromise is meant that 1 shall cease from that which duty requires of me, I cannot make it, and the reason is, that I fear God more than man. It is also a very different question, whether 1 shall, voluntarily or at the request of my friends, yield up my position, or whether I shall forsake it at the hands of a mob. The former I am ready at all times to do when circumstances require it, as I will never put my personal wishes or interests in competition with the cause of that Master whose minister I am. But the latter, be assured I never will do. You have, as lawyers say, made a false issue. There are no two parties between whom there can be a compromise. I plant myself down on my unquestionable rights, and the ques- tion to be decided is, whether I shall be protected in those rights. You may hang me, as the mob hung the individuals at Yicksburg; you may burn me at the stake, as they did old Mcintosh at St. Louis; or, you may tar and feather me, or throw me into the Mis- sissippi as you have threatened to do; but you cannot disgrace me. 1, and I alone, can disgrace myself, and the deepest of all "disgrace would be at a time like this to deny my Maker by forsaking his cause. He died for me, and I were most unworthy to bear his name should I refuse, if need be, to die for him.'''' Not long afterward Mr. Lovejoy was shot. His brother Owen, being pres- ent on the occasion, kneeled down on the spot beside the corpse, and sent up to God, in the hearing of that very mob, one of the most eloquent prayers ever listened to by mortal ear. He was bold enough to pray to God to take signal vengeance on the infernal institution of slavery, and he then and there dedicated his life to the work of overthrowing it, and hoped to see the day when slavery existed no more in this nation. He died, March 24, 1864, nearly three months after the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln took effect. Thus he lived to see his most earnest and devout prayer answered. But few men in the nation rendered bet- ter service in overthrowing the institution of slavery than Elijah P. and Owen Lovejoy. CAELIN ELECTED GOVEENOK. Thomas Carlin, Democrat, was elected Governor in 1838, over Cyrus Edwards, Whig. In 1842 Adam "W. Snyder was nominated ^~ ^ — >k 102 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. for Governor on the Democratic ticket, but died before election. Thomas Ford was placed in nomination, and was elected, ex-Gov- ernor Duncan being his opponent. PEAIKIE PIEATES. The northern part of the State also had its mob experiences, but of an entirely different nature from the one just recounted. There has always hovered around the frontier of civilization bold, desper- ate men, who prey upon the unprotected settlers rather than gain a livelihood by honest toil. Theft, robbery and murder were car- ried on by regularly organized bands in Ogle, Lee, Winnebago and DeKalb counties. The leaders of these gangs of cut-throats were among the first settlers of that portion of the State, and conse- quently had the choice of location. Among the jnost prominent of the leaders were John Driscoll, William and David, his sons ; John Brodie and three of his sons; Samuel Aikens and three of his sons; William K. Bridge and Norton B. Boyce. These were the representative characters, those who planned and controlled the movements of the combination, concealed them when danger threatened, nursed them when sick, rested them when worn by fatigue and forced marches, furnished hiding places for their stolen booty, shared in the spoils, and, under cover of darboe? s and intricate and devious ways of travel, known only to themselves and subordinates, transferred stolen horses from station to station; for it came to be known as a well-established fact that they had stations, and agents, and watchmen scattered throughout the coun- try at convenient distances, and signals and pass-words to assist and govern them in all their nefarious transactions. Ogle county, particularly, seemed to be a favorite and chosen field for the operations of these outlaws, who could not be convicted for their crimes. By getting some of their number on the juries, by producing hosts of witnesses to sustain their defense by per- jured evidence, and by changing the venue from one county to another, and by continuances from term to term, they nearly always managed to be acquitted. At last these depredations became too common for longer endurance; patience ceased to be a virtue, and determined desperation seized the minds of honest men, and they resolved that if there were no statute laws that could protect them ^ p l^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 103 against the ravages of thieves, robbers and counterfeiters, they would protect themselves. It was a desperate resolve, and desper- ately and bloodily executed. BURNING OF OGLE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. At the Spring term of court, 1841, seven of the " Pirates of the Prairie," as they were called, were confined in the Ogle county jail to await trial. Preparatory to holding court, the judge and lawyers assembled at Oregon in their new court-house, which had just been completed. Near it stood the county jail in which were the prisoners. The "Pirates" assembled Sunday night and set the court-house on fire, in the hope that as the prisoners would have to be removed from the jail, they might, in the hurry and confusion of the people in attending to the fire, make their escape. The whole population were awakened that dark and stormy night, to see their new court edifice enwrapped in flames. Although the building was entirely consumed, none of the prisoners escaped. Three of them were tried, convicted and sent to the penitentiary for a year. They had, however, contrived to get one of their num- ber on the jury, who would not agree to a verdict until threatened to be lynched. The others obtained a change of venue and were not convicted, and finally they all broke jail and escaped. Thus it was that the law was inadequate to the protection of the people. The best citizens held a meeting and entered into a solemn compact with each other to rid the country of the desperadoes that infested it. They were regularly organized and known as " Regu- lators." They resolved to notify all suspected parties to leave the country within a given time; if they did not comply, they would be severely dealt with. Their first victim was a man named Hurl, who was suspected of having stolen his neighbor's horse. He was ordered to strip, his hands were tied, when thirty-six lashes of a raw-hide were applied to his bare back. The next was a man named Daggett, formerly a Baptist preacher. He was sentenced to receive five hundred lashes on his bare back. He was stripped, and all was ready, when his beautiful daughter rushed into the midst of the men, begging for mercy for her father. Her appeals, with Daggett's promise to leave the country immediately, secured his release. That night, new crimes having been discovered, he was taken out and whipped, after which he left the country, never again to be heard from. _^^\o lot) niSTOEY OF ILLINOIS. lime for our participation; when it was all night about us, and all dread before us, and all sad and desolate behind us; when not one ray shone upon our cause; when traitors were haughty and exult- ant at the South, and fierce and blasphemous at the North; when the loyal men seemed almost in the minority; when the stoutest heart quailed, the bravest cheek paled; when generals were defeat- ing each other for place, and contractois were leeching out the very heart's blood of the republic; when everything else had failed us, we looked at this calm, patient man standing like a rock in the storm, and said, " Mr. Lincoln is honest, and we can trust him still." Holding to this single point with the energy of faith and despair, we held together, and under God he brought us through to victory. His practical wisdom made him the wonder of all lands. With such certainty did Mr. Lincoln follow causes to their ultimate eflPects, that his foresight of contingencies seemed almost prophetic. He is radiant with all the great virtues, and his memory will shed a glory upon this age that will fill the eyes of men as they look into history. Other men have excelled him in some points; but, taken at ail points, he stands head and shoulders above every other man of 6,000 years. An administrator, he saved the nation in the perils of unparalleled civil war; a statesman, he justified his measures by their success; a philanthropist, he gave liberty to one race and salvation to another; a moralist, he bowed from the sum- mit of human power to the foot of the cross; a mediator, he exer- cised mercy under tlie most absolute obedience to law; a leader, he was no partisan; a commander, he was untainted with blood; a ruler in desperate times, he was unsullied with crime; a man, he has left no word of passion, no thought of malice, no trick of craft, no act of jealousy, no purpose of selfish ambition. Thus perfected, witliout a model and without a peer, he was dropped into these troubled years to adorn and embellish all that is good and all that is great in our humanity, and to present to all coming time the representative of the divine idea of free government. It is not too much to say that away down in the future, when the republic has fallen from its niche in the wall of time; when the great war itself shall have faded out in the distance like a mist on the horizon; when the Anglo-Saxon shall be spoken only bvthe tongue of the stranger, then the generations looking this way shall see tiie great President as the supreme figure in this vortex of history. f -r-H J " HISTORY OF ILLINOlb. 137 4^, THE WAR ENDED — THE UNION KESTOEED. The rebellion was ended with the surrender of Lee and his army, and Johnson and his command in April, 1865. Our armies at the time were up to their maximum strength, never so formidable, never so invincible; and, until recruiting ceased by order of Sec- retary Stanton, were daily strengthening. The necessity, however, LINCOLN MONUMENT AT SPRINGFIELD. for SO vast and formidable numbers ceased with the disbanding of the rebel forces, which had for more than four years disputed the supremacy of the Government over its domain. And now the joyful and welcome news was to be borne to the victorious legions that their work was ended in triumph, and they were to be per- mitted "to see homes and friends once more." ^ 9 * iL. 138 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. ScnzDui,E-Sliowing statement of volunteer troops organized ^"J»° *^« fr**o?'reefm1nt' name field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, ,18M, with number of reg^^^^ of oriffinal commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United states service, place of muster, and tlie aggregate strength of each organization. INFANTRY. Commanding officer at organiza- tion. Col John Cook Richard J. Oglcsby... Eleazer A. Paine Jas. D. Morgan W. H. L. Wallace... . John McArthur John B. Wyman John M. Palmer Thos. J. Turner Robert F. Smith Leonard P. Ross Michael K.Lawler.... John B. Turchin Chas. C. Marsh Ulysses S. Grant Henry Dougherty Jas. A. Mulligan Frederick Hecker — Wm. N. Coler JohnM. Loomis Nap. B. Buford A. K. Johnson Jas. S. Rearden Philip B. Fouke John A. Logan John Logan Chas. E.Hovey Edward N. Kirk Gus. A. Smith Nich. Greusei Julius White Wm. P. Carlin Austin Lieht Steph. G. Hicks Isaac C. Pugh Wm.A. Webb Julius Raith Chas. Noblesdorff John E. Smith John A. Davis John Bryuer Isham i:^r. Haynie. . . . Wm. R. Morrison Moses M. Bane G. W. Camming Isaac G. Wilson W. H. W. Cushman.. Thos. W.Harris David Stuart Robert Kirkham Silas D. Baldwin Wm. F. Lvnch P. Sidney Post Silas C. Toler Jacob Pry James M. True Francis Mora Col. D. D. Williams... . Daniel Cameron Patrick B. Burke Resell M. Hough Ellas Stuart Jos. H. Tucker O.T.Reeves Othniel Gilbert May 28, 1861., June 13,1861.. June 15, 1861.. June 25,1861.. June 18, 1881. . July 8, 1861.. Date of organization and muster into the United States service. July 25, 1861. May 3t, 1861.. May 25, 1861. May 24, 1861., Oct. 31, 1861., Aug. 3, 1861... July 27, 1861.. Sept. 30, 1861., Sept. 8, 1861.. Dec. 31, 1861.. Aug. 15, 1861 . . Sept. 7, 1861.. Sept. 23, 1861... Sept. 18,1361... Aug. 15, 1861 . December, 1861 Aug. 10, 1861 . . . Aug, 9,1861.... Sept. 17, 1861... Dec. 16,1861... Sept. 13, 1861.. Dec. 26, l'<61. . Dec. 28,1861... Oct. 1, 1881 . .. Nov. 18, 1861..., Dec. 31, 1861.... Sept. 12, 1861 Dec. '61, Feb. Nov. 19, 1861. • March. 1862.., Feb. 18. 1862. , Oct. 31, 1861.., Feb. 27, 1863. , Dec. 26, 1861. Dec. 24, 1861.. August. 1861. Feb. 17, 1882.. March 7, 1862 April 10, 1862 Dec. 31,1862.. May 15, 1862.. April. 1862.... Juno 13, 1862.. June 20, 1862. June 14, 1862. July 4, 1862.., July 26, 1862., '62.. Dixon Jacksonville. Freeport Quincy Peoria Anna Joliet . . . Mattoon... Belleville. Chicago... Chicago. . . Place where mustered into the United State- service. Cairo, Illinois. Camp Butler.. Camp Butler. . Camp Butler.. Camp Butler.. Camp Butler. , Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. Camp Butler. . Aurora Chicago Camp Butler. . . . Chicago Salem Decatur Chicago Camp Butler. . . . Chicago Galena Camp Butler Peoria Camp Butler Camp Butler. . . Quincy Camp Douglas. . Geneva Ottawa Anna Camp Douglas . Shawneetown... Camp Douglas. . Camp Douglas . St. Louis, Mo... Anna CarroUton Anna Anna Camp Butler Camp Dou^as. . St. Louis, Mo... Camp Douglas.. Camp Butler Camp Douglas.. Camp Butler Camp Douglas.. "J 3 5 2. 1747 1853 1265 1759 1384 1875 1112 2015 2028 1833 1259 2043 1095 1817 1266 1164 1088 1602 1193 1939 1547 1878 1973 1711 1660 1558 1012 1593 1167 1388 1807 1277 1211 1824 1902 1512 1716 8015 2051 1874 1482 1761 1550 1519 1434 1720 1287 1180 1754 2202 1762 1647 1385 1730 1228 1624 1684 1694 979 889 912 1006 940 l^ ^*= HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 139 ScHBDTTLB — Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United States' service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INPANTET. 100 101 102 103 IO4 106 106 10- lOs 109 iio 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 lis 119 130 121 12-J 123 124 125 126 137 12s 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 Commanding officer at organiza- tion. Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Col. Frederick A. Starring " Jas. F. Jaquess " Jason Marsh " George Ryan " AlonzoW. Mack >' David P. Grier " \V. H. Bennison '■ Lyman Guinnip •' Thos.G. Allen " Jas. J. Doliins '• Frederick Hecker " AbnerC. Harding •' Louis H. Waters " Robert S. Moore " David D. Irons " John E. Whiting " F.T.Sherman ■' John Christopher " Timothy O'Mera '■ HenryM.Day •' Smith D. AtKins '• Holden Putnam '■ Wm. W. Orme ■. '■ Lawr'n S. Church " Thos. E. Champion " F. S. Rutherford " J. J. Funkhouser " G.W.K.Bailey '• Fred. A. Bartleson " Chas. H. Fox " Wm. McMurtry " AmoB C. Babcock '■ Absalom B. Moore " Daniel Dustin " Robert B. Latham " Thomas Snell " John Warner " Alex. J. Nimmo •■ Thos. S. Casey ■' James S. Martin " T.J.Henderson '• Geo.B.Hoge •' James W. Judy '• Jesse H. Moore •' Nathan H. Tnpper " Risden M. Moore " John G.Fonda " Thos. J. Kenney " George W. McKeaig Never organized Col. John I. Rinaker James Moore Thomas J. Sloan Oscar F. Harmon Jonathan Richmond John VanArman Robert M. Hudley George P. Smith Nathaniel Niles George W. Neeley Thomas C. Pickett Thad.PWIlips W. W McChesney John S.Wolfe Place where mustered into the United States service. Aug. 21,1862... Sept. 4. 1SB2... Sept. 2. 1862. . Aug. 22, 1862. *Sept. 3, 186J.. Sept. 1, 18B3... Aug. 28, 1862. . Aug. 25, 1862... Aug. 26, 1862.. Aug. 21, 1862... Sept. 1,1862... Aug. 27, 1882. . Sept 22, 1862. . Aug. 27, 1862... ♦Aug 25,186i.. Nov 22, 1862.. Sept. 8, 1862... Sept. 4, 1862.... Oct. 13, 1862.... Aug. 80, 1862... Sept. 4,1868... Sept. 6, 1868... Sept. 8,1862.. Sept. 3, 186J .. Aug. 86, 1862. . Aug. 30, 1862. Sept. 8, 1862... Oct, 8, 1868.... Aug. 87, 1868. . Sept. 2, 1862.. Sept. 17, 1862. . Sept. 4, 1868. . . Aug. 28, 1862.. Sept. 11,1861.. Sept. 18, 1868. Sept. 18, 1862. . Oct. 1, 1862. . . . Sept. 18, 1868. . Sept. 13, 1S62.. Sept. 30,1862.. Sept. 19, 1862.. Nov 29.1862. Oct. 7, 1862... Oct. 29, 1862... Sept. 4,1862... Sept. 6. 1862 .. Sept. 10. 1862. Sept. 4, 1862.. ♦Sept. 5, 1862. . Dec 18,1862... Sept. 8, 1868... Oct. 25. 1865... Nov. 13,1868... Junel, 1864... May 81,1864... June 6,1864.. Camp Douglas. Camp Butler... Rockford Dixon Kankakee Peoria. Quincy. . Danville Danville Centralia Anna Camp Butler Monmouth Quincy Peoria Peoria Shawneetown Camp Douglas , Camp Douglas Camp Douglas Camp Butler Rockford. Princeton and Chicago. . Bloomington, Rockford Rockford Camp Butler Centralia Florence, Pike Co Joliet Jacksonville Knoxville peoria Ottawa Chicago Lincoln Camp Butler Peoria Anna Anna Salem Peoria Camp Douglas Camp Butler Camp Butler Decatnr Camp Butler Camp Butler ■ Quincy Camp Butler Carlinville Mattoon Cami) Butler. . . Danville Chicago Camp Douglas. Camp Butler. . . Pontlac Camp Butler... Camp Massac.. Camp Fry Camp Butler. Camp Fry Mattoon •go 1471 987 1110 1051 1038 974 928 1187 961 1286 936 959 993 994 907 1^ 958 1041 1265 1036 1091 1487 1806 1082 1078 936 921 911 998 9ir 977 1001 1097 944 927 967 873 994 1095 1258 990 960 952 995 1101 958 844 934 1050 1130 933 998 957 866 1011 932 880 853 851 878 rr •Va- ]40 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commandins; ofBoer, date of organization and muster into United States service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INPANTEY. Commanding oflBcer at organiza- tion. Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Place where mustered into the United States service. M 'kOQ so -flq 13i 13' 131 131 140 ■'41 142 143 144 145 14a 147 M8 149 10 151 152 163 154 155 156 Col. Capt, Fred. A. Johns John Wood.. J. W. Goodwin Peter Davidson L. H. Whitney Stephen Bronson. . . KoUin V. Aukney.. Dudley C. Smith.... (Jyrus Hall George W. Lackey. Henry H. Dean Hiram F. Sickles. .. Horace II. Wilsie. . . Wm. C. Kueffner... George W. Keener. . French B. Woodftll. F. D. Stephenson... Stephen Bronson. . . McLean F.Wood.. Guetavus A. Smith . Alfred F. Smith.... J. W. Wi'eon John A. Bross . John Curtis Simon J. Stookey.. JameqSteele Junel, 1864... June 5. 1864... June 21, 1864.. June 1, 1864... June 18, 1864.. June 16, 1864.. June 18, 1864.. June 11,1864.. Oct. 21,1864... .Tune 9, 1864... Sept. 20, 1864.. Feb. 18,1865... Feb. 11, Feb. 14, Feb. 25. Feb. 18, Feb. 87, Feb. 22, Feb. 28. March S Dec. 1, 1865. . 1865- . 1865.. 1865.. 1865. . 1865. 1865 . I. 1865. 1861... June 21, 1384.. June 15, 1864.. Centralia Quincy Qnincy Peoria Camp Butler. . Bigin Camp Butler.. Mattoon Alton, Ills Camp Butler.. Camp Butler. . Chicago Quincy Camp Butler. . Camp Butler.. Quincy Camp Butler. . Chicago Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. , Chicago.. Chicago Quincy Camp Butler.. Camp Butler.. Chicago 842 849 835 878 871 842 831 865 1169 880 1056 1047 917 983 933 970 945 1076 975 985 91 90 86 CAVALRY. Thomas A. Marshall Silas Nob^e Eugene fi . Carr T. Lyle Dickey John J. Updegraff Thomas H. Cavanaugh. Wm. Pitt Kellogg John F. Farnswortb.. . . Albert G. Brackett James A. Barrett Roberto. IngersoU ArnoVo«s Joseph W. Bell Horace Capron V\ arren Stewart Christian Thielman John L. Beveridge June, 1861 Aug. 24, " Sept. 21, " Sept. 30. " December " Nov., '61, Jan., '6:J August, "61 Sept. 18, '61 Oct. 26, '61 Nov. 25, '61 Dec. 20,'61 Dec, '61, Feb.. '62 Jan. 7, '63 Organized Dec. 25, '63. , Jan. and April, '63 Jan.2!i, '64 Bloomington... Camp Butler... Camp Butler... Ottawa Camp Butler... Camp Butler... Camp Butler. . . St. Charles.. .. Camp Douglas . Camp Butler... Peoria Camp Butler. . Camp Douglas. Peoria Camp Butler... Camp Butler... St. Charles FIRST REGIMENT— ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTILLERY. Co A B D E F G H I K L M Field Capt. and Stftfl'. C. M. Willard Ezra Taylor C. Haughtaline Edward McAllister. A. C. Waterhouee.. John T. Cheney .. . Arthur O'Leary Axel Silversparr — Edward Bouton . . . A. Franklin John Ronrke John B.Miller Recruits Oct. 31,1861 Jan. 14, "62. . Dec. m, '61.. Feb. 2.5, '62. Feb. 2S, '62 Feb. 20, '63. Feb. 15, '62.. Jan. 9, '62... Feb. 22, 'HS. Aug. 12, '62 Chicago Chicago Ottawa Ptaiuaeld Chicago Camp Butler. . . Cairo Chicago Chicago Shawneetown . Chicago Chicago 1206 1861 3183 1656 1669 2248 228i 2412 2619 1.M34 2362 2174 1759 1565 1473 1463 1247 7 168 204 175 141 148 159 113 1-17 1B9 !6 153 154 PS3 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 141 Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State and sent to the field commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster Into United States service place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. ' LIGHT AETILLEKY. Commanding officer at organiza- tion. Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Place where mustered into the United States service. ■ 2 ^ To- second EEGIMBNT— ILLINOIS LIGHT AETILLEET. Capt. Peter Davidson Eiley Madison Caleb Hopkins Jasper M. Dresser Adolph Schwartz John W. Powell... Chiirles J. Stolbrand. Andrew Steinbeck Charles W, Keith. ... Benjamin F. Eogere., William H. Bolton... JohnC. Phillips , Field and Staff Recruits Aug. 17, 1861 . June 20, '61... Ang. 5, '61 Dec. ir, '61... Feb. 1, '62. Dec. 11, '61.... Dec. 31,'Bl..,. Feb. 28, June 6, ' Peoria Springfield Cairo Cairo Cairo Cape Girardeau, Mo.. Camp Butler Camp Butler. Camp Butler Camp Butler Chicago Chicago 116 lisr 154 117 136 190 108 115 107 108 145 100 10 1171 INDEPENDENT BATTERIES. Board of Trade Springfield Mercantile Elgin Cogffswell's... Henshaw's — Bridges' Colv'iu's Busteed's Capt. James S. Stokes " Thomas F.Vaughn... " Charles G. Cooley " George W. Reuwick. . , '* William Coggswell. .. " Ed. C Henshaw " Lyman Bridges " JohnH. Colvln July 31, 1862. Aug. 21, '63... Aug. 39, '62.. Nov. IE, '62.. Sept 28, '61.. Oct. 15, '62. . . Jan. 1, '62 Oct. 10, '63. . . Chicago Camp Butler. . Chicago Elgin CampDouglae Ottawa Chicago Chicago Chicago 258 199 270 242 221 196 252 91 127 RE C APITUL ATI ON . Infantry '. 185,941 Cavalry 32.082 Artillery 7,277 GOVEENOESOF ILLINOIS. Shadraok Bond — ^Was the first Governor of Illinois. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1773; was raised on a farm; re- ceived a common English education, and came to Illinois in 1794 He served as a delegate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, where he procured the right of pre-emption of public land. He was elected Governor in 1818; was beaten for Congress in 1824 by Daniel P. Cook He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830. Edward Coles — Was born Dec. 15, 1786, in Virginia. His father was a slave-holder; gave his son a collegiate education, and left to him a large number of slaves. These he liberated, giving each head of a family 160 acres of land and a considerable sum of money. r *Jb 1^42 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. He was President Madison's private secretary. He came to Illinois in 1819, was elected Governor in 1822, on the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Philadelphia in 1833, and died in 1868. Ninian Edwards.-ln 1809, on the formation of the Territory of Illinois, Mr. Edwards was appointed Governor, which position he retained until the organization of the State, when he was sent to the United States Senate. He was elected Governor in 1826. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1775; received a collegiate education; was Chief Justice of Kentucky, and a Eepnblican in politics. . John Reynolds— W&& born in Pennsylvania in 1(88, and came with his parents to Illinois in 1800, and in 1830 was elected Gov- ernor on the Democratic ticket, and afterwards served three terras in Congress. He received a classical education, yet was not polished. He was an ultra Democrat; attended the Charleston Convention in 1860, and urged the seizure of United States arsenals by the Soutii. He died in 1865 at Belleville, childless. Joseph, Duncan.— In 1831 Joseph Duncan was elected Governor by the "Whigs, although formerly a Democrat. He had previously served four terms in Congress. He was born in Kentucky in 1791; had but a limited education; served with distinction in the war of 1812; conducted the campaign of 1832 against Black Hawk. He came to Illiiiois when quite young. Thomas Carlin—W&s elected as a Democrat in 1888. He had but a meager education ; held many minor offices, and was active both in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war. He was born in Kentucky in 1789; came to Illinois in 1812, and died at Carrollton, Feb. 11, 1852. Thomas Ford— W&a born in Pennsylvania in the year 1800; was brought by his widowed mother to Missouri in 1801, and shortly afterwards to Illinois. He received a good education, studied law; was elected four times Judge, twice as Circuit Judge, Judge of Chicago and Judge of Supreme Court. He was elected Governor by the Democratic party in 1842; wrote his history of Illinois in 1847 and died in 1850. Augustus C. French — "Was born in New Hampshire in 1808; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards moved t:; Illinois when in 1846 he was elected Governor. On the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 he was again chosen, serving until 1853. He was a Democrat in politics. iu HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. Ii3 Joel A. Matteaon — "Was born in Jefferson county, N". Y., in 1808. His father was a farmer, and gave his son only a common school education. He first entered upon active life as a small tradesman, but subsequently became a large contractor and manufacturer. He was a heavy contractor in building the Canal. He was elected Gov- ernor in 1852 upon the Democratic ticket. William H. Bissell — Was elected by the Republican party in 1856, He had previously served two terms in Congress; was colonel in the Mexican war and has held minor official positions. He was born in New York State in 1811; received a common educa- tion; came to Illinois early in life and engaged in the medical pro- fession. This he changed for the law and became a noted orator, and the standard bearer of the Republican party in Illinois. He died in 1860 while Governor. Richard Yates — "The war Governor of Illinois," was born in Warsaw, Ky., in 1818; came to Illinois in 1831: served two terms in Congress; in 1860 was elected Governor, and in 1865 United States Senator. He was a college graduate, and read law under J. J. Hardin. He rapidly rose in his chosen profession and charmed the people with oratory. He filled the gubernatorial chair during the trying days of the Rebellion, and by his energy and devotion won the title of " War Governor." He became addicted to strong drink, and died a drunkard. Richard J. Oglesby — Was born in 1824, in Kentucky; an orphan at the age of eight, came to Illinois when only 12 years old. He was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade; worked some at farming and read law occasionally. He enlisted in the Mexican War and was chosen First Lieutenant. After his return he again took up the law, but during the gold fever of 1849 went to Califor- nia; soon returned, and, in 1852, entered upon his illustrious political career. He raised the second regiment in the State, to suppress the Rebellion, and for gallantry was promoted to Major General. In 1864 he was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1872, and resigned for a seat in tiie United States Senate. In 1884 he was again elected Governor. John M. Palmer — Was born in Kentucky in 1817, and came to Illinois in 1831. He was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected to the office of Probate Judge of Macoupin County in 1843; was a member of the Constitutional Con- '-K. 144: HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. vention in 1847; County Judge in 1849; elected to the State Senate in 1852; member of the Peace Conference in 1861. He ■was Colonel of the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, and rose by suc- cessive promotions to Major-General, commander of the Four- teenth Army Corps, and afterward of the Department of Ken- tucky. He was Governor from 1869 till 1873. John L. Beveridge — "Was born in Greenwich, "Washington Co ., N. T., July 6, 1824. In 1842 his father moved with his family to Illinois, and settled in De Kalb County. In 1861 he helped organize and was elected Second Major of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and in 1863 was commissioned Colonel of the Seven- teenth Illinois Cavalry. In November, 1870, he was elected to the State Senate; in November, 1871, was elected to the United States Congress, resigning in January, 1873, to enter upon the duties of Lieutenant-Governor. Jan. 21, 1873, succeeded Oglesby, who was elected to the United States Senate. Thus, inside of three weeks, he was a Congressman, Lieutenant-Governor and Governor. Since the expiration of his term of office he has been practicing law in Chicago. Shelby M. Cullom — "Was born in Kentucky in 1828; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession in 1848; was elected to the State Legislature in 1856, and again in 1860. Served on the war commission at Cairo, 1862, and was a member of the 39th, 40th and 41st Congress, in all of which he served with credit to his State. He was again elected to the State Legislature in 1872, and re-elected in 1874, and was elected Governor of Illinois in 1876. He was elected United States Senator in 1883 to succeed Davis. LIEUTENANT-GOVEENOKS. Pierre Menard— Wa,s, the first Lieut.-Gov. of Illinois. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came to Illinois in 1790 where he engaged in the Indian trade and became wealthy. He died in 1844. Menard County was named in his honor. Adolphus F. Hubhard — "Was elected Lieut.-Gov. in 1822. Four years later he ran for Governor against Edwards, but was beaten. William Kinney~W&s elected in 1826. He was a Baptist clergyman ; was born in Kentucky in 1781 and came to Illinois in 1793. Zadock Ca«ey— Although on the opposition ticket to Governor HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 145 Reynolds, the successful Gubernatorial candidate, yet Casey was elected Lieut.-Gov. in 1839. He subsequently served several terms in Congress. Alexander M. Jenhins — Was elected on ticket with Gov. Duncan in 1834 by a handsome majority. S. H. Anderson — Lieut.-Gov. under Gov. Carlin, was chosen in 183S. He was a native of Tennessee. John Moore — "Was bora in England in 1793 ; came to Illinois in 1830 ; was elected Lieut.-Gov. in 1842. He won the name of "Honest John Moore." Joseph B. Wells — Was chosen with Gov. French at his first election in 1846. William McMurtry — In 1848, when Gov. French was again chosen Govenor, William McMurtry, of Knox County, was elected Lieut. -Governor. Q-ustavus P. Koerner — Was elected in 1852. He was bom in Germany in 1809. At the age of 22 came to Illinois. In 1872 he was a candidate for Governor on Liberal ticket, but was defeated. John Wood — Was elected in 1856 and on the death of Gov. Bissell became Governor. Francis A. Hoffman — Was chosen with Gov. Yates in 1860. He was born in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois in 1840. William Brass — Was born in New Jersey ; came to Illinois in 1848; was elected to office in 1864. John Dougherty — Was elected in 1868. Andrew Shuman — Was elected 'Eov. 7, 1876. John M. Hamilton — Was elected in 1880. In 1882 Cullom was elected to the United States Senate, and Hamilton became Governor. J. C. Smith — Was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1884. SUPEKINTENDENTS OF PtTBLIO INSTEUCTION. Ninian W. Edwards lS54-'56 Newton Bateman 1865-'74 "W. H. Powell 1857-'58 Samuel M. Etter 1885-'78 Newton Batem an 1859-'62 James P. Slade 1879-'82 John P. Brooks 1863-'64 Henry Raab 1883-'86 146 HISTOET OF ILLINOIS. ATTOKNET GBNEBA.LS. Daniel P.Cook.. 1819 William Mears 1820 Samuel D. Lockwood 1821-'22 James Turney 1823-'28 George Forquer 1829-'32 James Semple 1833-"34 Ninian W. Edwards 1884^'35 Jesse B. Thomas, Jr 1835 Walter B. Scates 1836 Usher F. Linder 1837 Geo.W.Olney 1838 Wickliffe Kitchell 1838 Josiah Lambom 1841-'42 James A. MoDougall 1843-'46 David B. Campbell 1846 [Office abolished and re-created in 1867] Robert G. IngersoU 1867-'68 Washington Bushnell 1869-'72 James K. Edsall 1873-'80 James McCartney 1881-'84 George Hunt 1885-'88 TEEASUEEES. John Thomas 1818-'19 R. K. McLaughlin 1819-'22 Abner Field 1823-'26 James Hall 1827-'30 John Dement 1831-'36 Charles Gregory 1836 John D. Whiteside 1837-'40 Milton Carpenter 1841-'48 John Moore 1848-'56 James Miller 1857-'59 William Butler 1859-'62 Alexander Starne 1863-'64 James H. Beveridge 1865-'66 George W. Smith 1867-'68 Erastus N. Bates 1869-'72 Edward Rutz 1873-'74 Thomas S. Ridgeway 1875-'76 Edward Rutz 1877-'78 John C. Smith 1879-'80 Edward Rutz 1881-'82 John C. Smith 1883-'84 Jacob Gross 1885-'88 SECEETAEIE8 OF STATE. Elias K. Kane 1818-'22 Samuel D. Lockwood 1822-'23 David Blackwell 1823-'24 Morris Birkbeck 1824 George Forquer 1825-'28 Alexander P. Field 1829-'40 Stephen A. Douglas 1840 Lyman Trumbull 1841-'42 Thompson Campbell 1843-'46 Horace S. Cooley 1846-'49 David L. Gregg lS50-'52 Alexander Starne 1853-'56 Ozias M. Hatch 1857-'64 Sharon Tyndale 1865-'68 Edward Rummel 1869-'72 George H. Harlow 1873-'80 Henry D. Dement 1881-'84 Henry D. Dement 1885-'88 Tv*" L^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 147 AUDITOKS. EUjah C. Berry 1818-'31 Jesse K. Dubois 1857-'64 J. T. B. Stapp 1831-'35 Orlin H. Miner 1865-'68 Levi Davis 1835-'40 Charles E. Lippincott 1869-'76 James Sliields 1841-'43 Tliomas B. Needles 1877-80 "W. L. D. Ewing 1843-'45 Oharles P. Swigert 1881-'84 Thomas H. Campbell 1846-'56 Charles P. Swigert 1885-'88 UNITED STATES SENATOES. Ninian Ed/wards. — On the organization of the State in 1818, Edwards, the popular Territorial Governor, was chosen Senator for the short term, and in 1819 was re-elected for full term. Jesse B. Thomas — One of the Federal Judgesduring the entire Territorial existence, was chosen Senator on organization of the State, and re-elected in 1823, and served till 1829. John McLean. — In 1824 Edwards resigned, and McLean was elected to fill his unexpired term. He was born in North Carolina in 1791, and came to Illinois in 1815; served one term in Con- gress, and in 1829 was elected to the United States Senate, but the following year died. He is said to have been the most gifted man of his period in Illinois. Elias Kent Kane — "Was elected Nov. 30, 1824, for the term be- ginning March 4, 1825. In 1830 he was re-elected, but died before he expiration of his term. He was a native of New York, and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was first Secretary of State, and after- ward State Senator. David J&wett Baker — Was appointed to fill the unexpired term of John McLean in 1830, Nov. 12, but the Legislature refused to endorse the choice. Baker was a native of Connecticut, born in 1792, and died in Alton in 1869. John M. BoUnson. — Instead of Baker, the Governor's appointee, the Legislature chose Robinson, and in 1834 he was re-elected. In 1843 was elected Supreme Judge of the State, but within two months died. He was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois while quite young. William L. D. Ewing — Was elected in 1835 to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Kane. He was a Kentuckian. Richard M. Young — Was elected in 1836, and held his seat from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1843, a full term. He was a -sR •^' — ^ ' — ^ k. J4S HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. native of Kentucky; was Circuit Judge before his election to the Senate, and Supreme Judge in 1842. He died in an insane asylum at Washington. Samuel McRoherts — Tlie first native lUinoisian ever elevated to the high office of U. S. Senator from this State, was born in 1799, and died in 1843 on his return home from "Washington. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1824, and March 4, 1841, took his seat in the U. S. Senate. Sidney Breese — "Was elected to the U. S. Senate, Dec. 17, 1842, and served a full term. He was born in Oneida county, N. Y. He was Major in the Black Hawk war; Circuit Judge, and in 1841 was elected Supreme Judge. He served a full term in the TJ. S. Senate, beginning March 4, 1843, after which he was elected to the Legislature, again Circuit Judge, and, in 1857, to the Supreme Court, which position he held until his death in 1878. James Semple — "Was the successor of Samuel McEoberts, and was appointed by Gov. Ford in 1843. He was afterwards elected Judge of the Supreme Court. Stephen A. Douglas — "Was elected Dec. 14, 1846. He had pre- viously served three terms as Congressman. He became his own successor in 1853 and again in 1859. From his first entrance in the Senate he was acknowledged the peer of Clay, "Webster and Cal- houn, with whom he served his first term. His famous contest with Abraham Lincoln for the Senate in 1858 is the most memor- able in the annals of our country. It was called the battle of the giants, and resulted in Douglas' election to the Senate, and Lincoln to the Presidency. He was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 23, 1813, and came to Illinois in 1833, and died in 1861. He was appointed Secretary of State by Gov. Carlin in 1840, and shortly afterward to the Supreme Bench. James Shields — "Was elected and assumed his seat in the U. S. Senate in 1849, March 4. He was born in Ireland in 1810, came to the United States in 1S2T. He served in the Mexican army, was elected Senator from "Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri for a short term. Lyman Trumbull— Took his seat in the U. S. Senate March 4, 1855, and became his own successor in 1861. He had previously served one term in the Lower House of Congress, and served on the Supreme Bench. He wps born in Connecticut; studied Jaw FT -^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 149 and came to Illinois early in life, where for years he was actively engaged in politics. He resides in Chicago. Orvill H. Browning — "Was appointed U. S. Senator in 1861, to fill the seat made vacant by the death of Stephen A. Douglas, until a Senator could be regularly elected. Mr. Browning was born in Harrison county, Kentucky; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law, and was instrumental, with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, in form- ing the Republican party of Illinois at the Bloomington Conven- tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, and in March, 1868, was designated by the President to perform the duties of Attorney General, in addition to his own, as Secretary of the Interior Department. William A. Richardson — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1863, to fill the unexpired term of his friend, Stephen A Douglas. He was born in Fayette county, Ky., about 1810, studied law, and settled in Illinois; served as captain in the Mexican "War, and, on the battle-field of Buena Yista, was promoted for bravery, by a unanimous vote of his regiment. He served in the Lower House of Congress from 1847 to 1856, continually. Richard Yates — "Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1865, serv- ing a full term of six years. He died in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 27, 1873. John A. Logan — "Was elected to the TJ. S. Senate in 1871. He was born in Jackson county. 111., Feb. 9, 1826, received a common school education, and enlisted as a private in tlie Mexican War, where he rose to the rank of Regimental Quartermaster. On returning home he studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; was elected in 1858 a Representative to the 36th Congress and re-elected to the 37th Congress, resigning in 1861 to take part in the sup- pression of the Rebellion; served as Colonel and subsequently as a Major General, and commanded, with distinction, the armies of the Tennessee. He was again elected to the TJ. S. Senate in 1879 for six years. David Davis — "Was elected to the U. S. §enate in 1877 for a term of six years. He was born in Cecil county, Md., March 9, 1815, graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, studied law, and removed to Illinois in 1835; was admitted to the bar and settled in Blooming- ton, where he has since resided and amassed a large fortune. He . V ' w 150 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. was for many years the intimate friend and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him each year, and after Lincoln's election to the Presidency, was appointed by him to fill the position of Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. FIFTEENTH CONGRESS. NINETEENTH CONGRESS. Jolm McLean 1818 Daniel P. Cook 1825-36 SIXTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTIETH CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1819-20 Joseph Duncan 1827-38 SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1821-23 Joseph Duncan 1829-30 EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1823-24 Joseph Duncan 1831-32 TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Joseph Duncan..., 1833-34 Zadock Casey 1833-34 TWENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1835-36 William L. May 1835-36 John Reynolds 1835-36 TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1837-38 William L. May 1837-38 John Reynolds 1837-38 TWENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1839-40 John T. Stuart , 1889-40 John Reynolds 1839-40 TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1841-43 John T. Stuart 1841-43 John Reynolds 1841-43 TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1848-44 Joseph P. Hoge 1843-44 Orlando B. Finklin 1843^4 John J. Hardin 1843-44 Stephen A. Douglas 1843-44 John Wentworth 1843-44 John A. McClernand 1843-44 TWENTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1845^6 Joseph P. Hoge 1845-46 Stephen A. Douglas 1845-46 John A. McClernand 1845^6 Orlando B. Finklin 1845-46 John Wentworth 1845^6 John J. Hardin 1845 - THIRTIETH CONGRESS. John Wentworth 1847-48 Orlando B. Finklin 1847-48 Thomas J. Turner 1847 Robert Smith 1847-48 Abraham Lincoln 1847^8 William A. Richardson 1847-48 John A. McClernand 1847-^ HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 151 THIRTY-FIUST CGNGUBSS. John A. McClernand 1 849-50 Edward D. Baker 1849-50 John Wentworth 1849-50 William H. Bissell 1849-50 Timothy R. Young 1849-50 Thomas L. Harris 1849 William A. Richardson 1849-50 THIRTY-SECOND CONGRESS. William A. Richardson. 1851-52 Thompson Campbell .1851-53 Orlando B. Finklin. 1851-53 John Wentworth 1851-52 Richard Yates 1851-53 Richard S. Maloney .1851-53 Willis 1851-52 William H. Bissell 1851-52 THIBT"^-THIRD CONGRESS. William H. Bissell 1853-54 John C. Allen .1853-54 . Willis 1853-54 Blihu B. Washburne 1853-54 Richard Yates. • .1853-54 THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS Thompson Campbell 1853-54 James Knox 1853-54 Jesse O. Norton .1853-54 William A. Richardson. ... 1863-54 Elihu B. Washburne 1855-56 Lyman Trumbull 1855-56 James H. Woodworth 1855-56 James Knox .1855-56 Thompson Campbell 1855-56 THIBTY-PIPTn CONGRESS. Samuel S. Marshall 1855-56 J.L.I). Morrison 1855-56 John C. Allen 1855-56 Jesse O. Norton 1855-56 William A. Richardson 1855-56 Elihu B. Washburne 1857-58 Charles D. Hodges 1857-58 William Kellogg 1857-58 Thompson Campbell 1857-58 John F. Farnsworth 1857-58 Owen Lovejoy 1857-58 THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Samuel S. Marshall 1857-58 Isaac N. Morris 1857-58 Aaron Shaw 1857-58 Robert Smith 1857-58 Thomas L. Harris 1857-58 Blihu B. Washburne 1859-60 John A. Logan 1859-60 Owen Lovejoy 1859-60 John A. Mcaernand 1859-60 Isaac N Morris 1859-60 THIRTY-SEVENTH John F. Farnsworth 1859-60 Philip B. Fouke 1859-60 Thomas L. Harris 1859-60 William Kellogg 1859-60 James C. Robinson 1859-60 CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1861-62 James C. Robinson 1861-62 John A. Logan 1861-62 Owen Lovejoy 1861-62 John A. McClernand 1861-62 THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1863-64 William J. Allen 1863-64 Jesse O. Norton 1863-64 Isaac N. Arnold 1863-64 James C.Robinson 1863-64 John R. Eden 1863-64 Isaac N. Arnold. 1861-62 Philip B. Fouke 1861-62 William Kellogg 1861-62 Anthony L. Knapp .1861-62 William A. Richardson 1861-63 v i) ^ A5 liL 152 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Lewis W. R03S 1863-64 John T. Stuart 1863-64 Owen Lovejoy 1863-64 "William R. Morrison 1863-64 John C. Allen 1863-64 John F. Farnsworth 1863-64 Charles W. Morris 1863-64 Ebeu C. Ingersoll 1863-64 Antaony L. Knapp 1863-64 THIKTT-NINTH CONGEESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1865-66 Anthony B. Thornton. 1865-66 John Wentworth 1865-66 Abner C. Hardin 1865-66 Eben C. Ingersoll 1865-66 Barton C. Cook 1865-66 Jonn F. Farnsworth 1865-66 Jehu Baker 1865-66 Henry P. H. Bromwell..... ...1865-66 Andrew Z. Kuykandall 1865-66 Samuel S. Marshall 1865-66 Samuel W. Moulton 1865-66 Shelby M. Cullom 1865-66 Lewis W. Ross 1865-66 FORTIETH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1867-68 Abner C. Hardin 1867-68 Eben C. Ingersoll 1867-68 Norman B. Judd 1867-68 Albert G. Burr 1867-68 Burton C. Cook 1867-68 John F. Farnsworth 1867-68 Jehu Baker 1867-68 Henry P. H. Bromwell 1867-68 John A. Logan 1867-68 Samuel S. Marshall 1867-68 Green B. Raum 1867-68 Shelby M. Oullom 1867-68 Lewis W. Ross 1867-68 FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. ■ Norman B. Judd 1869-70 John F. Farnsworth 1869-70 H. C. Burchard 1869-70 John B. Hawley 1869-70 Eben C. Ingersoll 1869-70 Burton C. Cook 1869-70 Jesse H. Moore 1869-70 Shelby M. Cullom 1869-70 Thomas W. McNeely 1869-70 Albert G. Burr 1869-70 Samuel S. Marshall 1869-70 John B. Hay 1869-70 John M. Crebs 1869-70 John A. Logan 1869-70 FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Charles B. Farwell 1871-73 James C.Robinson 1871-73 John F. Farnsworth 1871-73 Horatio C. Burchard 1871-73 John B. Hawley 1871-73 Bradford N. Stevens 1871-73 Henry Snapp 1871-73 Jesse H. Moore 1871-73 ■Thomas W. McNeely 1871-73 Edward Y. Rice 1871-73 Samuel S. Marshall 1871-72 John B. Hay 1871-73 John M. Crebs 1871-72 John S. Beveredge 1871-72 FORTY-THIRD CONGRESS. John B. Rice 1873-74 Jasper D.Ward 1873-74 Charles B. Farwell 1878-74 Stephen A. Hurlbut 1873-74 Horatio C. Burchard 1873-74 John B. Hawley 1873-74 Franklin Corwin. 1873-74 Robert M. Knapp 1873-74 James C. Robinson 1878-74 John B. McNulta 1873-74 Joseph G. Cannon 1873-74 John R. Eden 1873-74 James S. Martin .1878-74 William R. Morrison 1873- 74 -^ Q i»- ffl ^, 1 Gxeenbury L. Fort Granville Barrere William H.Ray Bernard Q. Caulfield HISTORY 01 1873-74 1873-74 1873-74 POETT-POOSl 1875-76 5" ILLINOIS. Isaac Clements 153 . . 1878-74 (0 * 1 Samuel S. Marshall H CONGBE88. Scott Wike William M. Springer Adlai E. Stevenson Joseph G. Cannon John R. Eden ....1873-74 ....1875-76 .. .1875-76 ....1875-76 ....1875-76 1875-76 Carter H. Harrison 1875-76 Charles B. Farwell Stephen A. Hurlbut Horatio C. Burchard — Thomas J. Henderson. . Alexander Camrtbell. . . . 1875-76 1875-76 1875-76 1875-76 1875-76 W.A.J. Sparks William R. Morrison William Hartzell William B. Anderson t CONGEESS. Robert M. Kn^ipp William M. Springer ....1875-76 . . . .1875-76 . . . .1875-76 . . . .1875-76 . . . .1877-78 1877-78 Greenbury L. Fort Richard H. Whiting . . . 1875-76 1875-76 John C. Bagby Williain Aldrich 1875-76 FOETY-PIFTI 1877-78 Carter H. Harrison 1877-78 1877-78 Thomas F.Tipton Joseph G. Cannon ....1877-78 ....1877-78 1877-78 Horatio C. Burchard — Thomas J. Henderson . . 1877-78 1877-78 1877-78 John R. Eden W. A. J. Sparks William R. Morrison William Hartzell Richard W. Townshend.. . . t CONGRESS. James W. Singleton William M. Springer A. E. Stevenson Joseph G Cannon ....1877-78 ....1877-78 ....1877-78 ....1877-78 ....1877-78 . . . .1879-80 ....1879-80 ....1879-80 1879-80 Greenbury L. Fort TThnmfls A Tiovd 1877-78 1877-78 Benjamin F. Marsh Williain Aldrich 1877-78 FOETT-SIXTI 1879-80 George E. Davis Hiram Barber .Tohn C. Sherwin R M A Hawk 1879-80 1879-80 1879-80 1879-80 Albert P. Forsythe W. A. J. Sparks William R. Morrison John R. Thomas R. W. Townshend rH CONGBESS. James W. Singleton William M. Springer Dietrich C. Smith Joseph G. Cannon Samuel W. Moulton William A. J. Sparks William R. Morrison . . . .1879-80 ....1879-80 ....1879-80 ....1879-80 . . . .1879-80 ...1881-'82 ...1881-82 ....1881-'82 ...1881-'82 ....1881-'i?3 . . .1881-'82 ...1881-'82 ....1881-'82 Thomas J. Henderson. . Philip C.Hayes Greenbury L. Fort Thomas A., Boyd Benjamin F. Marsh William Aldrich 1879-80 1879-80 1879-80 1879-80 1879-80 POETT-SEVEN 1881-'82 George R. Davis Charles B. Farwell John C. Sherwin Robert M. A. Hawk Thomas J. Henderson. . William Cullen Lewis E. Payson John H. Lewis BpniaTniTi F Warah 1881-'82 1881-'82 1881-'82 1881-'82 1881-'82 . . . .1881-82 1881-'82 1881--82 1881-83 R. W. Townshend ....1881-'83 1 ^ el 1 Is ^ 6 ^' ■" N^ '-i* 154 HISTjKY of ILLINOIS. rORTT-EIGHTH C0NGKES8. Ransom W. Dunham 1883-'84 Jolin F. Finerty 1888-84 George R. Davis 1883-'84 George E. Adams 1883-'84 Reuben EUwood 1883-'84 Robert R. Hitt 1883-'84 Thomas J. Henderson 1883-'84 "William CuUen 1883-'84 Lewis E. Payson 1883-'84 Nicholas E. Worthington 1883-'84 William H. Neece lg83-'84 James M. Riggs 1883-'84 "William M. Springer 188»-'84 Jonathan H. Rowell 1883-'84 Joseph G. Cannon 1883-'84 Aaron Shaw l883-'84 Samuel "W. Moulton 1883-'84 William R. Morrison 1883-'84 Richard W. Townshend 1883-'84 John R. Thomas 1883-'84 PORTT-NINTH C0NGKE8S. Ransom W. Dunham lb85-'86 Francis Lawler 18S5-'86 J. H. Ward 1885-'86 George E. Adams 1885- '86 Reuben Ellwood 1885-'86 Robert H. Hitt 1885-'86 Thomas J. Henderson 1885-'86 Ralph Plumb 1885-'86 Lewis E. Payson 1885-'86 Nicholas E. Worthington 1885-'86 William H. Neece 1885-'86 James M. Riggs 1885-'86 William M. Springer 1885-'86 Jonathan H. Rowell 1885-'86 Joseph G. Cannon 1885-'86 S. Z. Landes 1885-'86 John R. Eden 1885-'86 William R. Morrison 1885-'86 Richard W. Townshend 1885-'86 John R. Thomas 1885-'86 l^ -« B HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. Changes op Fifty Years. — Life in the Cbowded East. — Cour- age OF THE Pioneers. — Their Labors and Eewards. — A Pen Picture. Within one brief generation a dense and unbroken wilderness has been transformed into a cultivated region of thrift and pros- perity, by the untiring zeal and energy of an enterprising people. The trails of hunters and trappers have given place to railroads and thoroughfares for vehicles of every description ; the cabins and garden patches of the pioneers have been succeeded by comfort- able houses and broad fields of waving grain, with school-houses, churches, mills, postofiices and other institutions of convenience for each community. Add to these a city of 6,000 inhabitants, two of 1,500 each, and numerous thriving villages, with extensive business and manufacturing interests, and the result is a work of which all concerned may well be proud. The record of this marvelous change is history, and the most im- portant that can be written. For fifty years the people of Logan County have been making a history that for thrilling interest, grand practical results, and lessons that may be perused with profit by citizens of other regions, will compare favorably with the narrative of the history of any county in the great Northwest; and, considering the extent of territory involved, it is as worthy of the pen of a Bancroft as even the story of our glorious Republic, While our venerable ancestors may have said and believed "No pent up Utica contracts our powers, For the whole boundless continent is ours," they were nevertheless for a long time content to occupy and pos- 10 (155) 71 156 HISTORY OB- LOGAN COUNTY. / '>■ sess a very small corner of it; and the great West was not opened to industry and civilization until a variety of causes had combined to form, as it were, a great heart, whose animating principle was improvement, whose impulses annually sent forward armies of noble men and women, and whose pulse is now felt throughout the length and breadth of the best country the sun ever shone upon — from-the pineries of Maine to the vineyards of California, and from the sugar-canes of Louisiana to the wheat fields of Min- nesota. Long may this heart beat and push forward its arteries and veins of commerce. Not more from choice than from enforced necessity did the old pioneers bid farewell to the play-ground of their childhood and the graves of their fathers. One generation after another had worn themselves out in the service of their avaricious landlords. From the first flashes of daylight in the morning until the last glimmer of the setting sun, they had toiled unceasingly on, from father to son, carrying home each day upon their aching shoulders the precious proceeds of their daily labor. Money and pride and power were handed down in the line of succession from the rich father to his son, while unceasing work and continuous poverty and ever- lasting obscurity were the heritage of the working man and his children. Their society was graded and degraded. It was not manners, nor industry, nor education, nor qualities of the head and heart that established the grade. It was money and jewels, and silk and satin, and broadcloth and imperious pride that triumphed over honest poverty and trampled the poor man and his children under the iron heel. The children of the rich and poor were not per- mitted to mingle with and to love each other. Courtship was more the work of the parents than of the sons and daughters. The golden calf was the key to matrimony. To perpetuate a self- conatituted aristocracy, without power of brain, or the rich blood of royalty, purse was united to purse, and cousin with cousin, in bonds of matrimony, until the virus boiling in their blood was transmitted by the law of inheritance from one generation to an- other, and until nerves powerless and manhood dwarfed were on exhibition everywhere, and everywhere abhorred. For the sons and daughters of the poor man to remain there was to forever fol- low as our fathers had followed, and never to lead; to submit, but never to rule; to obey, but never to command. Without money or prestige, or influential friends, the old pio- ^ ,a ^- k. INTEODUOTOKY. 157 neers drifted along one by one, from State to State, until in Illi- nois — the garden of the Union — they have found inviting homes for each, and room for all. To secure and adorn these homes more than ordinary ambition was required, greater than ordinary endur- ance demanded, and unflinching determination was, by the force of necessity, written over every brow. It was not pomp, or pai'ade, or glittering show that the pioneers were after. They sought for homes which they could call their own, homes for themselves and homes for their children. How well they have succeeded after a struggle of many years against the adverse tides let the records and tax-gatherers testify, let the broad cultivated fields and fruit- bearing orchards, the flocks and herds, the palatial residences, the places of business, the spacious halls, the clattering car-wheels, and ponderous engines all testify. There was a time when pioneers waded through deep snows, across bridgeless rivers, and through bottomless sloughs, a score of miles to mill or market, and when more time was required to reach and return from market than is now required to cross the continent, or traverse the Atlantic. These were the times when our places were constructed of logs and covered with "shakes " riven from the forest trees. These were the times when our children were stowed away for the night in the low, dark attics, among the horns of the elk and the deer, and where through the chinks in the "shakes" they could count the twinkling stars. These were the times when our chairs and our bedsteads were hewn from the forest trees, and tables and bureaus constructed from the boxes in which their goods were brought. These were the times when the workingman labored six and sometimes seven days in the week, and all the hours there were in a day from sunrise to sunset. Whether all succeeded in what they undertook is not a question to be asked now. The proof that as a body they did succeed, is all around us. Many individuals were perhaps disappointed. Fortunes and misfortunes belong to the human race. Not every man can have a school-house on the corner of his farm; not every man can have a bridge over the stream that flows by his dwelling; not every man can have a railroad depot on the borders of his plantation, or a city in its center; and while these things are desirable in some respects, their advantages are oftentimes outweighed by the almost perpetual presence of the foreign beggar, the dreaded tramp, the fear of flre and conflagration, and the insecurity from the presence of the midnight burglar, and the bold, bad] men and women who ^ ,-v^ 158 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Inrk in ambush and infest the villages. The good things of this earth are not all to be found in any one place; but if more is to be found in one than another, that place is in our rural retreats, our quiet homes outside of the clamor and turmoil of city life. In viewing the blessings which surround us, then, we should reverence those who have made them possible, and ever fondly cherish in memory the sturdy old pioneer and his log cabin. Let us turn our eyes and thoughts back to the log cabin days of a quarter of a century ago, and contrast those homes with com- fortable dwellings of to-day. Before us stands the old log cabin. Let us enter. Instinctively the head is uncovered in token of reverence to this relic of ancestral beginnings, early struggles and final triumphs. To the left is the deep, wide tire-place, in whose commodious space a group of children may sit by the fire, and up through the chimney may count the stars, while ghostly stories of witches and giants, and still more thrilling stories of Indians and wild beasts, are whisperingly told and shudderingly heard. On the great crane hang the old tea-kettle and the great iron pot. The huge shovel and tongs stand sentinel in either corner, while the great andirons patiently wait for the huge back-log. Over the fire- place hangs the trusty rifle. To the right of the tire-place stands the spinning wheel, while in the further end of the room is seen the old-fashioned loom. Strings of drying apples and poles of drying pumpkins are overhead. Oppoaite the door in which you enter stands a huge deal table; by its side the dresser whose pewter plates and "shining delf " catch and reflect the fire-place fiames as shields of armies do the sunshine. From the corner of its shelves coyly peep out the relics of former china. In a curtained corner and hid from casual sight we find the mother's bed, and under it the trundle-bed, while near them a ladder indicates the loft where the older children sleep. To the left of the fire-place and in the corner opposite the spinniug wheel is the mother's work-stand. Upon it lies the Bible, evidently much used, its family record tell- ing of parents and friends a long way off, aud telling, too, of children "Scattered like the roses in bloom, Some at the bridal, some at the tomb." Her spectacles, as if but just used, are inserted between the leaves of her Bible, and tell of her purpose to return to its comforts when cares permit and duty is done. A stool, a bench, well notched and whittled and carved, and a few chairs complete the furni- "*|.- INTEODUCTOEY. 159 ture of the room, and all stand on a coarse but well scoured floor. Let us for a moment watch the city visitors to his humble cabin. The city bride, innocent but thoughtless, and ignorant of labor and care, asks her city-bred husband, " Pray, what savages set this up?" Honestly confessing his ignorance, he replies, "I do not know." But see the pair upon whom age sits "frosty, but kindly." First, as they enter, they give a rapid glance about the cabin home, and then a mutual glance of eye to eye. "Why do tears start and fill their eyes ? Why do lips quiver? There are many who know why; but who that has not learned in the school of experience the full meaning of all these symbols of trials and privations, of loneliness and danger, can comprehend the story that they tell to the pioneer ? Within this chinked and mud-daubed cabin we read the first pages of our history, and as we retire through its low door-way, and note the heavy battened door, its wooden hinges and its welcoming latch-string, is it strange that the scenes without should seem to be but a dream ? But the cabin and the palace, standing side by side in vivid contrast, tell their own story of this people's progress. They are a history and a prophecy in one. »^ CHAPTER II. scientific Situation. — Boundaries. — Topogeapht and Geology. — Streams. —Economic Geology. — Coal. — Building Material. — The Prairies — Timber. Illinois is a magnificent empire; and in almost its exact center lies Logan County. It is bounded on the north by Tazewell and McLean counties, on the east by DeWitt and Macon counties, on the south by Sangamon County, and on the west by Mason and Menard counties. It comprises an area of a little more than seven- teen townships, or about 618 square miles. Its physical^ features are so well described by the State Geologist in his three-volume report on economic geology that we need no apology for reproduc- ing the greater part of his article here. Tazewell, McLean, Logan and Mason counties are treated together. " The surface of the country over the greater portion of this dis- trict, including McLean, Logan, the greater part of Tazewell, and the eastern part of Mason County, is a high, undulating prairie, with here and there groves and belts of timber. The soil is gen- erally a rich brown mold, 'varying somewhat in different localities, in the proportion oF clay, etc., which it contains, some portions being more argillaceous than others. In the timber, however, which occupies scarcely more than one-fifth or one-sixth of the entire surface, and in the broken country along some of the prin- cipal streams, the soil is of a somewhat different character, the lighter-colored and more argillaceous sub-soil appearing at or nearer to the surface. *' In the greater part of Mason County, and over considerable tract in the southwestern part of Tazewell County, the surface configuration varies from that which we have just described; the prairies are low and comparatively flat, and in many portions were originally overflowed, or marshy, at some seasons of the year. The soil of these prairies is a rich alluvium, generally more or less arenaceous, which forms, when sufficiently elevated or (160) 1^ =sPv .4a SCIENTIFIC. 161 drained, one of the best producing soils in this district. Along the Illinois and Sangamon rivers in this region, we find in some places rather extensive sandy tracts of river formation, and on the San- gamon River, in Mason County, and on the Illinois River, in Ma- son and Tazewell counties, the bald bluffs of the Loess are in some localities conspicuous features in the general landscape. "The principal streams occurring in this district, besides the Illinois and Sangamon rivers, which form a portion of its borders, are the Mackinaw River, in Tazewell, Mason and McLean counties; Salt Creek, in Mason and Logan connties, and Kickapoo and Sugar creeks, in Logan and McLean counties. These, with many minor streams, and nameless tribntaries, drain nearly the whole surface of this district. With the exception of the Illinois and Sangamon rivers, none of the streams have very extensive adjoining tracts of bottom land, and even along these rivers the bottoms are fre- quently of inconsiderable width, or wanting altogether. "The principal kinds of timber found in the upland wooded tracts of this district are nearly the same as those already enum- erated as occurring in the adjoining counties, namely, the principal varieties of oak and hickory, black-walnut, butternut, maple, bass- wood, red-bud, sassafras, etc. , On the river bottoms, and in low damp lands generally, the sycamore, buck-eye, black-ash, elm, etc., are abundant. The sandy ridges are generally covered with a growth of scrubby oak and black-jack, with a thin admixture of other species. "The geological formations appearing at the surface in this dis- trict consist almost entirely of the Drift and later formations, the older rocks outcropping only at a comparatively few localities, in Tazewell and Logan counties. The underlying rock, however, as far as can be ascertained from these outcrops, as well as from artifi- cial exposures by shafts, etc., in various parts of the district, con- sists entirely of the different beds of the Coal Measure series. " The Loess, the uppermost of the more recent'geological forma- tions, appears only in the vicinity of the Illinois and Sangamon rivers, and consists here, as elsewhere, of buff or ash-colored marly sand, containing fresh-water shells of existing species. It is not everywhere equally well developed, and in various localities along the Illinois River, in Mason and Tazewell counties, it either does not appear or is not at all conspicuous. It may well be seen, how- ever, along the Sangamon River, in Mason County, where it ap- pears in the bald, rounded blufis, with occasional mural appearing 162 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. escarpments covering their summits, which form so characteristic a feature in the landscape along the river below. In the northern part of Tazewell County, although this buflF marly sand appears to some extent in the bluffs along the Illinois River, it is not by any means as well exposed, or prominent, as in the counties farther to the south. "The Drift formation, which covers the older rocks in almost every part of this district, is here composed of beds of blue and brown clay, sand and gravel, and varies in thickness, in different portions, from €fty feet in the western part of Tazewell County, to 250 feet in the Bloomington shafts. It has been penetrated, how- ever, at comparatively but few points, and over the greater portion of this region its depth can only be approximately estimated. It seems probable, indeed, that it may be of this thickness over con- siderable portions of McLean County, as a boring at Chatsworth, in the adjoining portion of Livingston County, was reported to have penetrated to a depth of 250 feet before striking rock. " The material of the Drift in this region appears to be gener- ally roughly stratified; alternating beds of sand, gravel and clay are frequently met with in wells and borings. The sand and gravel beds generally make up but a very small part of the total thick- ness, though sometimes single beds attain a very considerable thickness, as, for instance, at Chenoa, in the northern part of Mc- Lean County, where a boring for coal passed through a bed of sand and gravel thirty feet in thickness, overlaid by forty five feet of the usual clays of this formation. Occasionally, also, a bed of black earth or vegetable mold, still containing pieces of wood, trunks of trees, leaves, etc., only partially decayed, is met with, and a bed of quicksand, containing fossil-land or fresh-water shells of existing species. "The following section of the Drift, afforded by a shaft sunk in the city of Bloomington, is of especial interest as showing both of these conditions at unusual depths. The shaft was sunk by the Bloomington Coal Mining Company, near the track of the Chica- go & St. Louis Railroad, about half a mile north of the depot: Feet. 1. Surface soil and brown clay 10 2. Blue clay 40 3. " Gravelly hard pan" gO 4. Black mold, with pieces of wood, etc 13 6. Hard pan and clay gg ^•" ^ SOIENTIFIO. 163 Feet. 6. Black mold, etc 6 7. Blue clay 34 8. Quicksand, buif and drab in color and containing fossil shells 9 Total 254 " Another shaft, a little over a mile distant from this one, passed through materially the same successionr of strata, with only local variations in'the thicknesses of the diiferent beds. The quicksand, No. 8 of the above section, resembles somewhat in appearance the sands of the Loess, and the only species of the contained shells which could be identified was the Helicvna occulta^ which is also not uncommon in the Loess of the river valleys in thi? State. Beds of black vegetable mold are met with at less depth than in this section at various places in this district, as, for instance, in the vicinity of Pekin, Tazewell County, where it is said, in a few in- stances, to have tainted the wells which penetrated it to such an extent as to almost render the water unfit for use. " Sections of the Drift are also aflForded by the borings for coal which have been made in various parts of this district. In all cases they show variations of the material from blue to yellow clay, sand and gravel, but do not generally afibrd sections of such especial interest as the shafts at Bloomington, nor is the depth of the formation as great. At Chenoa its thickness was found to be ninety feet from the surface to the rock; at Lexington, 180 feet; at Atlanta, 126 feet ; at Lincoln, seventy feet ; at Cheney's Grove, 102 feet, and at several points in Tazewell County, from sixty to one hundred feet or more. Its thickness is quite irregular, but seems, however, to be greatest in the central and eastern portions of the district. In Mason County we have no reliable data upon which to base our estimates, but its average thickness in that por- tion, I think, may be safely put down at no less than fifty feet, and is probably much more. '' In the western part of Tazewell County,in the ravines aud broken country along the Illinois Eiver, I observed, in a number of places at the base of the Drift, a bed of cemented gravel or conglomerate, showing sometimes an irregular stratification similar to that of beach deposits. A ledge of this material, nine or ten leet in thick- ness, may be seen in the northwestern quarter of section 7, town- ship 25, range 4 west of the third principal meridian, up one of the side ravines which comes down through the Illinois Eiver bluffs, a little south of Wesley City, in Tazewell County, and other y^ I. » >^ 16i HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. similar ledges appear in several places in the vicinity of Fond du Lac, and also on the Mackinaw, in the eastern portion of the county. Another similar bed of cemented gravel of, however, a comparatively insignificant thickness, may be seen about half way up the face of the bluff, at the steamboat landing in the city of Pekin, where it does not appear to be more than a few inches thick. I have not observed any similar deposits in the eastern portion of the district, either in Logan or McLean counties, nor have I heard of its having been met with in sinking the different shafts or borings. " Coal Measures.— A.\\ the stratified rocks which outcrop within the limits of this district belong, as has been already stated, to the Coal Measures, and the actual surface exposures are confined, for the most part, to a thickness of about sixty to eighty feet of the middle portion of the formation. In the whole district there is but one boring which affords an artificial section of the beds down to the base of this formation. This one is that made by Yoris & Co. on the bottom lands on the Tazewell County side of the Illinois River, and directly opposite the City of Peoria. The first bed of the Coal Measures which is met with in the boring is about forty feet below the lower coal seam which is worked in this section, No. 5 of the Illinois River section, as given by Prof. Worthen. " The following is a section of the first 459 feet of the boring. Below that depth the records kept by Messrs. Voris & Co. were not complete as to the thickness and material of all the different beds: Feet. 1. Alluvial soil of river bottom 4 3. Sand 4 3. Gravel (boulder drift) 20 4. Clay shale 59 5. Bituminous slate 3 6. Fire-clay 15 7. Clay shale 15 130 8. Coal 4 9. Clay shale 34 10. Sandy and argillaceous shales (very bird) 34 11. Sandstone 4 13. Nodules of argillaceous limestone 6 13. Compact, fine-grained sandstone, 5 13. Hard, dark-blue sandy shale 25 15. Coal 3 235 ; ^ ^ SCIENTIFIC. 165 Feet. 16. Sandy and argillaceous shale 25 17. Bituminous shale, with thin bands of limestone 57 18. Cherty rock 44 19. Hard siliceous rock, mainly chert — possibly chert and limestone inter- mixed 33 20. Fine grained sandstone 65 459 "As nearly as the limits of the formations can be made out from this section, I think that at least that portion between the base of the Alluvium and Drift, and the bituminous shale and limestone, No. 17 of the section, may be referred to the Coal Measures. The remainder is Devonian, with perhaps some of the upper beds Lower Carboniferous. The exact equivalents of the two beds of Coal passed through may perhaps not be stated with certainty ; the lower one, however, is probably No. 1 of the Illinois River section. The greatest depth reached in the boring was 774 i'eet, and the lowest rock was a gray porous limestone, the frag- ments of which, brought up by the instruments, were exactly sim- ilar in appearance to^ome of the upper limestones of the JSTiagara group, exposed in the northern part of the State, with which for- mation this bed may doubtless be properly identified. " The coal seam which is worked in this immediate neighborhood ib No. 5, as has been already stated. A good exposure of this coal may be seen near the track of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Rail- road, at the point of the bluff where the road enters the valley of Farm Creek. It is here immediately overlaid by the Loess and Drift, and is about four feet in thickness, the same as its average in other localities thereabouts. It is worked in various places, both in the river bluffs and for a mile or more up the valley of Farm Creek, by horizontal drifts into the hillsides, some of which, in their various branches, are of considerable linear extent. The 'beds overlying the coal are not exposed at the surface at any point norch of Farm Creek, but the seam is generally found to have a roof of sandstone or sandy shale in the interior portions of the drifts. South of the creek, however, this sandstone is exposed in many places up the side ravines, and in R. A. McClelland & Co.'s shaft, in the center of the southern part of section 34, township 26, range 4, it was found to be twenty-eight feet in thickness be- tween the coal and the overlying drift clay and gravel. This, however, is by no means to be taken as its full average thickness, J^ " — ^ — 166 HISTORY OT LOGAN COUNTY. as at this point it has probably lost much of the upper portion of the bed by denudation. " Passing up a small branch,which comes down through the bluffs from the southward, just back of the village of Fond du Lac about half a mile, I observed a striking exposure of about twenty-five feet in vertical thickness of concretionary sandstone, sandy shales and soft argillaceous sand-rock, which belong to these same sandy strata overlying the lower bed of coal. The more shaly beds con- tained numerous iron-stone concretions, and I observed in the more massive portions what appeared to be indistinct vegetable impressions, but no other fossils. About half a mile or a little more still farther up the ravine the upper vein of coal has been worked to a very slight extent. In actual position it must be at this point at least seventy feet above the coal No. 5, and is possi- bly still more than that. It is here reported to be about three feet in thickness, and is overlaid by about two feet of grayish fossiliferous limestone, with occasionally an intermediate layer of black slate just over the coal, and forming its roof. Still another seam of coal about fifteen inches in thickness is said to outcrop further up the hollow, bat after a careful search I was unable to discover its out- crop, and concluded that it must have been covered by the sliding of the drift, gravel, etc., from the blufis above. "Along the Illinois Kiver bluffs, between Fond du Lac aud "Wesley City, there are several points where coal is now or has been worked, and there are a few exposures of the overlying sandstones in the bluffs near the main wagon road. South of Wesley City there are scarcely any exposures on the river face of the bluffs, but up the side ravines they are more numerous. In one of these ravines some distance Irom the road, on the land of Mr. Davis, I observed the following succession of beds in a vertical exposure for about sixty rods along the sides of the bluffs: Feet. In. 1. Shale, passing downward into black slate 35 S.Coal 1 6 3. Fire-clay, passing downward into nodular limestone 11 to 12 4. Limestone 3 6. Siindstone exposed for only a few inches. " It seetns to me probable that the seam of coal observed here is still above both of the coal seams which are worked in this region ; the distance between this and the next seam below it I should not judge to be more than forty or fifty feet. The limestone which almost ?[C ^\l^ SOIENTIFIO. 167 always overlies the coal No. 6 is entirely wanting here, although, as may be seen by the section, a bed of limestone occurs below its under clay and further down the creek. Below the exposures from which the above section was made up, numerous thin beds of lime- stones are to be seen intercalated in sandstone outcrops. These limestone bands appeared to be somewhat fossiliferous, but no good specimens were obtained. " lu the northeastern part of section 24, township 25, range 5, on a northern fork of Lick Creek, 1 noticed a small quarry in a ledge of soft light-gray and brown micaceous sandstone, generally thin-bedded and shady, but in some places with the beds thick enough to answer for building purposes. The total vertical thick- ness of the exposure was less than twelve feet. Passing farther down the branch, in a general westerly and southerly direction, we find the hillside along its banks strewn thickly with fragments of similar sandstone indicating thp. probable existence, of the same beds but a short distance under the soil. At a point on the imme- diate bank of the creek, near the center tjf the section, I observed an exposure of about twenty feet of sandy and argillaceous shales, containing a thin seam of coaly matter not over one or two inches thick at its best development, and from that down to nothing. About half a mile further east, near the center of the eastern line of the section, along side of the road that crosses the creek at this place, and well up the bluffs, I observed the outcrop of a coal seam which had been worked to some slight extent, and which I take to be the upper workable seam of this region, No. 6 of the Illinois River section. The whole exposure at this point presented the fol- lowing section: Feet. 1. Shale 9 3. Limestone (liglit colored) , 2 3. Dark-colored shaly beds, in some portion? approaching black slate in ap- pearance and texture 2 4. Bluish shaly clay 1 5. Coal 3 "Farther to the eastward from this point, and higher in the bluffs, I observed limited exposures of a reddish shaly sandstone or arenaceous shale, which seems, from its position, to overlie the uppermost beds of the above section. '• In the vicinity of Fekin there are but few natural exposures of the underlying rocks, but the lower coal is mined at several points in the neighborhood of the city. The coal isfgenerally over- s \ * •' * ^. I P 168 HI3T0RT OF LOGAN COUNTY. laid by black slate, with, as is stated, in some cases a foot or two of limestone. Above the slate there is generally trom twenty to forty or fifty feet of sandstone or sandy shales, according to the locality of the shafts on the edge of the bluffe, or farther up toward the roiling upland. This sandstone may be seen in the bottoms of ditches at one or two points along the Tremont road, about a mile east of the city of Pekin and in the immediate vicinity of the prin- cipal coal mines. "At Mr. Hawley's place, about five miles southeast of Pekin, a shaft was sunk, which passed through botli the upper and lower coals, affording a section of the intermediate beds, which, as re- ported to me, was as follows: ■^ Feet. 1. Argillaceous shale ■* 2. Ligli'-colored limes'.one 2 3. Coal * 4. Fire-clay ° 5. Sandstone '^" 6. Bluish-black slate ^ 7. Coal • ^ 8. Fire-clay 8 " About two miles east of Mr. Hawley's place, in the southwest quarter of section 20, township 24, range i, on a branch called Lost Creek, there is said to be another exposure of brownish sand- stone, of very limited extent. I failed to find this locality myself, but if a sandstone occurs here, it may be that overlying the lower coal, or possibly a still higher bed not represented in the above section. " In the central and eastern portions of Tazewell County there are a few localities where borings, etc., have been made, but satis- factory records of the variation in the strata could not in all cases be obtained. At Rapp's Mills, near the center of the north line of section 20, township 24, range 4, a shaft was sunk to the depth of eighty-five feet, and as it was reported to me, struck limestone at that depth. If this be the case, it was very possible the limestone overlying the upper coal, but, without more reliable data, it is impossible to speak with certainty. The shaft was abandoned be- fore completion, on account of the difficulty of keeping it free from water. At Delevan, in the southeastern portion of the county, a boring was made which was reported to have passed through sixty feet of sandstone, and below that, seventy-five feet more of arenaceous and argillaceous shales. No coal was reported in this boring. s 'V 'k^ SOIBNTIFIO. 169 " In Mason County there are no natural exposures of the older rocks, and, as far as I could ascertain, no good artificial sections aret afforded in shafts, wells, borings, etc. Passing eastward, how- ever, into Logan County, we find along Salt Creek, some distance above Middletown, a few tumbling masses of bluish limestone, which have evidently come out of the bluffs, but no good exposures. In the southeast quarter of section 13, township 19, range 4, a boring was made in the side of the bluff, by Messrs. Boyd, Paisly & Co., of Lincoln, which passed through 130 feet of alternating beds of limestone, and arenaceous and argillaceous shales, passing through the Drift and surface deposits at the depth of only fifteen feet. A seam of coal was also stated to have been met with near the boring, but its thickness could not be satisfactorily ascertained. I also heard it stated that a seam of coal, about two feet in thick- ness, had been worked by the early settlers of the county in this vicinity, and afterward abandoned on account of its poor quality. No traces of the outcrop, or the old workings, are now visible, and I am not able to state, with any degree of exactness, the place in the series of this seam of coal, though it is undoubtedly among the upper beds of the Coal Measures. "At Kankin's Mill, about two miles farther up stream, in the northwest quarter of section 7, township 19, range 3, the creek flows over a bed of limestone, which is also quarried at one or two places on the southern bank. The rock is a light gray, or bluish- gray, irregularly bedded limestone, and contains a few of the com- mon Coal Measure fossils, of which Spirifer cameratus, S. linea- tus, Athyris suhtilita, and a few others only were collected. Its thickness here, as ascertained by means of a well dug in one of the quarries, was eleven feet ; and underneath it was found four feet of black slate, underlaid by seventeen feet of fire-clay, and then six feet of limestone. The hole was continued by boring to a depth of eighty feet from the surface, at which depth a seam of coal was struck, the thickness of which I was unable to ascertain. This, or a similar bed of limestone, outcrops on Lake Fork of Salt Creek, in section 23, township 19, range 8, in a ledge about three feet high, which has been quarried to a slight extent at one point, near the center of the section. " The above comprises all the natural exposures within the limits of the district. There remain, however, various shafts, borings, etc., which, over the larger portion of the territory, afford us the only means whatever of ascertaining the character and thickness ^ 17Q HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Of the underlying beds. Of these, with one or two exceptions only the shafts alone furnish sufficiently reliable sections of the strata, and as yet but two or three have been sunk. At Lincoln the shaft afforded the following section, after passing through about seventy feet of soil and Drift : Feet. Id. 1 LisM-blue arenaceous shale ,;'"V 'I'' o a! Hard, bluish, impure limestoae, containing many small corals, etc. 3 ^^ 3. Black slate ' ^ g 4. Coal _ _ g 5. Fire-clay g 6. Arenaceous shale "The black slate which had been taken from the shaft was too much decomposed at the time of my visit for me to obtain from it any well-preserved fossils, although among the rubbish I ob- served various undistinguishable fragments of what had apparently been fossil shells. The coal in this section is probably not below No. 6 of the Illinois River section, and may possibly be still higher. About four miles south of Lincoln, on the land of Mr. J. Brau- cher, near the center of the south line of section 14, township 19, rang'e 4, a hole was sunk by boring to the depth of near 250 feet, and three separate seams of coal were reported to have been met with. Unfortunately, however, the particulars of the variation and thickness of the beds could not be obtained, and we are therefore unable to form an opinion as to the equivalents of these seams. In a boring at Atlanta, in the northern part of the county, a seam three feet and six inches thick was reported at the depth of 242 feet, the overlying bed, as reported, consisting of alternating strata of ' slate,' ' soapstone,' ' rock ' (limestone ?), etc. This is probably coal No. 6 although, without more positive evidence thanis afforded by an isolated boring, nothing can be stated with absolute certainty. "The two shafts at Bloomington, which have been mentioned in the remarks concerning the Drift, in a previous portion of this chapter afford us the most satisfactory section of any of the exca- vations in the district, enabling us to identify the two seams of coal which they penetrate, with numbers 5 and 6 of the general Illinois River section. The following section, made np from records afforded by both shafts, illustrates well the variation of the strata of the middle Coal Measures in this region. The section com- mences at the base of the Drift, and its upper portion, from 1 to 4 inclusive, was afforded by the Bloomington Coal Company's shaft. l^ -^ SOIENTrFIO. 171 and the remainder by that of the McLean County Coal Mining Company, a mile further south, along the railroad track:* Feet. In. 1. Clay shale 16 3. Sandstone 33 3. Clay shale 1 4. Coal No.6 4 5. Fire-clay 13 6. Limestone 3 7 7. Fire-clay 10 8. Clay shale , 8 9. Fire-clay. 15 10. Shale 5 6 11. Soft blue slate 33 7 13. Black slate 5 13. OoalNo.5 4 6 14. Fire-clay 6 9 ' No. 2 of this section is a light-colored laminated sandstone, containing a few remains of fossil plants; in the more southern shaft it seems to be replaced by a conglomerate. No fossils were obtained from any of the other beds, excepting the black slate (No. 12) over the lower coal, which contained in great abundance Lin- gula mytiloides, Avioulopecten rectilaterarius, Cardina? fragilis, and other fossils characteristic of this coal. A rather peculiar * Since this report was written, the McLean County Coal Company have ex- tended their shaft down to a lower coal, which they struck at the depth of 513 feet 8 inches below the surface. The following is the section below No. 5 coal : Feet. In. Fire-clay 10 Slate 3 Fire-clay 4 6 Sand-rock 30 6 Soapatone (clay shale) 63 5 Black slate 3 7 Fire-clay 1 7 Sulphurous rock 1 3 Gray slate 11 1 Shale 1 3 Hard lime rock 3 1 Gray slate 3 8 Soapstone (clay shale) 8 8 Coal 3 8 The distance between these lower seama is 133 feet 1 inch at this shaft, and from the thickness of the seam, and the character of the associated beds, I am inclined to regard the lower coal in this shaft as No. 3 of the Fulton County sec- tion. I.t is possible, however, that No. 3 is represented in this shaft by the 3 feet 7 inch bed of black slate, and that the lower coal here is really No. 3. A. H. W. 11 172 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOtTNTT. feature, however, is the comparative rarity of Discina nitida, usually the most abundant fossil in this slate, only one or two specimens being found in a rather protracted search. " la the northern and eastern portions of McLean County we have only the records of several borings, which afford but few particulars as to the character of the underlying beds. Just over the county line, in Livingston County, about two miles from Che- noa, in a northeast direction, a ledge of bluish-gray, irregularly bedded limestone outcrops in the side of a ravine. In general appearance this rock is very similar to that noticed in the preced- ing pages as occurring on Salt Creek in Logan County, and, like it, is probably in the upper part of the Coal Measures. " ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. " Goal. — From the preceding remarks it will be seen that although at least four or five different seams of coal underlie different por- tions of this district, but two of them have been worked to any extent. The upper of these two, No. 6 of the general section, is worked to a slight extent along the Illinois River, iu the neighbor- hood of Pekin and Peoria, and is also the upper seam in the Bloomington shafts. Its thickness in these localities ranges from three to four feet. The coal in this bed is generally softer, and often more impure, than that of the next seam below, and its workings have frequently been forsaken for those of the lower bed. The sixteen-inch seam of coal which has been mentioned on a pre- ceding page as occurring on a ravine a short distance back of Wesley City, and which I have there considered as a still higher seam of coal, may possibly be this seam, in spite of its lesser thickness, as it is a characteristic of this bed in other parts of the State where it has been identified to vary considerably iu its thick- ness, in some cases, indeed, thinning out very rapidly within the distance of a few feet. The more reliable indications of the ac- companying limestone beds, with the characteristic fossils, cannot under all circumstances be well observed, nor, indeed, do they ap- pear to be invariably present. "The lower coal, No. 5, is the seam which is now mined in nearly all the principal workings within the limits of this district, and will generally average here at least four feet in thickness. The coal is generally a harder and better heating material than that in the upper bed, besides being more reliable in its thickness. It, how- ever, contains, in some parts, its share of impurities, but often so A Ji- SCIENTIFIC. 173 disposed in the vein as to be more easily separable. In some of the shafts near the city of Pekin, the seam of coal, which I have re- ferred in the preceding pages to this horizon, contains in its lower portion, about sixteen or eighteen inches above the base, a thin seam of fire-clay separating it into two unequal portions, and some- times a vein of slate or slaty coal is reported to occur only five or six inches above the bottom. In the tipper portion, also, there is frequently some thickness of what is called 'hickory,' or mixed coal and shale, or sand-rock. The thickness of good coal, however, is sufficient to render its working profitable. "At Bloomington the shafts were first sunk only to the upper coal, which was worked for a short time, and then the shaft, having been deepened, the upper bed was abandoned, and only the lower seam was worked. The difference in quality was very marked at this place, the lower coal being very much superior to that of the upper seam. ' ' Beneath this coal, No. 5, we find by the boring opposite Peoria, by Voris & Co., two seams of coal at the depths of 120 and 230 feet, and respectively four and three feet in thickness, which are most probably the equivalents of Nos. 1 and 3 of the general section referred to. Although we have no positive data as to the existence of these or other beds under the coal No. 5 in other portions of the district, yet, from their existence at this point, and from our general knowledge of the development of the lower Coal Measures in this portion of the State, it seems quite probable that these seams of coal might be found at the proper depth in other parts of this and adjoining counties. A boring of from 200 to 250 feet below the known horizon of No. 5, or from five to seven or eight hnndi-ed feet from the surface in different parts of the dis- trict, would probably penetrate all the Coal Measures, and settle all the questions in regard to the existence and development of the underlying coal seams. "The upper coal seams are perhaps represented in this district by the bed reached at the Lincoln shaft, and it may be also by the small seam near Wesley City, in Tazewell County, which I have, in the preceding pages, referred with doubt to a higher level than No. 6, though still admitting its possible identity with that bed it- self. There are now three mines being worked in Logan County — two at Lincoln and one at Mt. Pulaski. These are mentioned with some detail in the histories of those towns. "Building Materials. — This district, as a whole, is within itself ^ )f> 174 HISTOET OF LOfiAN COITNTr. but scantily supplied with buildino; stone, the greater portion of its surface being occupied by the Drift deposits, and containing no exposures whatever of the older rocks. Along the Illinois Eiver, however, in Tazewell County, the sandstones of the Coal Measures have been quarried to some extent to supply the local demand, and in some localities appear to aflford a stone suitable for foundations, cellar walls, etc. The limestone beds, which also occur in the Coal Measure strata in this region, though generally of inconsiderable thickness, may also furnish a limited supply for the same purposes, as well as for the manufacture of lime. The limestone ledges noticed as occurring on Salt Creek and Lake Fork, in Logan County, Iso furnish a fair material for the rougher kinds of masonry, and have been considerably quarried for this purpose. Dimension stone, etc., when used in this district, are brought from beyond its limits, in great measure, from the quarries at Joliet. " Clay and loam suitable for the manufacture of a fair quality of red brick are found in nearly all parts of the district and have been made use of in most of the principal towns within its limits. Sand for building purposes is also sufficiently abundant. '^Mineral Springs. — We may, perhaps, properly mention again, under this head, the artesian well sunk by Messrs. Voris & Co., on the edge of the bottom land, along the Illinois Kiver, opposite Peoria, in which a current of water, holding in solution sulphureted hydrogen, was struck at the depth of 734 feet. "When struck it was stated to have had a head of sixty or seventy feet, and the flow is said to be nearly as strong at the present time. This water ap- pears to be derived from the upper portion of the Niagara group, but before the boring had reached its present depth a strong stream of saline water was met with at a distance from the surface of 317 feet. "Copperas and saline springs occur in various places in this district, and occasionally give names to some of the minor streams. Such names as Salt Creek and Lick Creek occur here, as in other parts of the State. These springs, however, are few in number, and can hardly be considered of any economic value. • It is, perhaps, superfluous to mention at length the agricultural capabilities of this district, since the capacity of its soils, etc., are so well known, and its territory is so generally taken up by actual settlers and now under cultivation. I may safely say, however, that with the exception of some sandy portions along the principal rivers there are no extensive tracts of what can be called poor land Is > > SCIENTIFIC. ITS in the district. There are, indeed, some tracts of comparatively low bottoms and marshy land which are not at present available for all kinds of agriculture, but these are generally of limited ex- tent, and are rapidly diminishing under an improved system of drainage, which places them at onee among the more valuable lands of the district. The numerous railroads now traversing this re- gion, and others projected or in process of construction, by making all portions readily accessible to the centers of trade, will add greatly to its present wealth and guarantee its future prosperity." THE PRAIRIES. We have glanced at the streams, the valleys, the elevations and general outline of the county, but the great bulk of its territory, the prairie that lies between and fills in the picture from stream to stream, remains to be noticed. It forms all the elevated portions of the county. The streams, of course, are on the lowest ground, and the larger streams, when running over the Coal Measures, are sunk, 100 feet or more, into the regular strata after leaving tlie Drift, and on the St. Peter's sandstone nearly as much sunk by the erosion of the water, and all showing that the amount of water that did that excavating was much greater than runs now. Whether that occurred when the ocean waters first receded from the surface, and, following all the depressions, scooped out and formed channels for all the future streams; or whether from the existence of a moist climate and heavy rainfall the same object was gradually accom- plished, may never be known; but it is probable it was a combi- nation of both. At all events, the cause was ample for the effect, and the streams are all placed in deep beds, with far more than ample room for the discharge of their waters in any contingency. The prairie extends back from the borders of these valleys, and gradually rises to the ridges or highest ground between the streams — in Western parlance called divides, because they separate the water running to different streams. The timber being confined to the borders of the streams, is consequently on the lowest ground, and a person standing on one of these divides can look over the timber to the prairie forming the divide on the opposite side. These ridges or divides when seen from a distance are easily located, but when a closer inspection is attempted they flee like an ignis fatuus; though some are so abrupt as to be well defined, they are mostly so near level as to be hard to locate. Immigrants coming from a timbered region, or what in its prim- i^ 176 HISTORY OF LOGAH COUNTY. itive state was such, from liilly New England or the mountains of Pennsylvania or New York, could have had no conception of the prairie region. In all these localities the land was covered with timber, except where the hand of man had removed it. They re- garded that condition as the natural and normal state of any conn- try. Add to this the uneven, rocky and broken surface of the land of their nativity, and the first view of the prairie State must have made a deep impression. In fact, the prairie is one of the wonders of the world. The steppes of Asia and the pampas of South America are wonderful in extent, but for richness of soil, beauty of ladscape, and all that is valuable to civilized occupants, neither they nor any other locality on the globe make any ap- proaches to successful compatition with the prairie region of the North American continent. The deltas of the Nile, of the Mis- sissippi, and of other great rivers possess a soil as rich and as level, but they are of limited extent, and the sun in its daily circuit does not shine on a country of the same extent, so rich, so grand and beautiful as the prairie before the hand of man had marred and defaced it. That region with us is now transformed to a populous and culti- vated country, and the future will never witness in its native wildness and beauty the fairest scenery that uncultivated nature ever presented to the view of man. A timbered region, covered by the dark, primeval forest, is grand and impressive. Its dark and somber shades, and deep and tangled recesses are well calculated to foster a superstitious dread, and to people its unexplored depths with the witches and goblins of the past, or with the whispering ghosts of which Ossian sings so mournfully. But no such goblins haunted the prairie. An imaginative organization might have fancied the fairies sporting in the evening shadows as approaching night shut in the landscape, or departing from their midnight revels among the curling mist as they vanished before the glories of a prairie sunrise. The early occupants of the prairie will remember noticing circles on the prairie from fifteen to twenty or more feet across, distinguishable only by a ranker and heavier growth of grass, but very distinctly marked. What caused them was not known, though some ascribed them to lightning strokes. Similar phenomena exist in the natural meadow and grass land in England, and are there called fairy-rings, or fairy circles, vulgarly supposed to be caused by the fairies in their dances. If Sir Walter Scott had written in the midst of the ^- 8CIENTIFI0. 177 prairie region instead of among the glens and wilds of the Scot- tish Highlands, where witchcraft and demonology have ever found their favorite fastnesses, his genius would not have been so deeply tinged with the supernatural, and warlocks and witches would not have danced so freely over his pages. The quiet and sylvan beauty which clothes the vast, the limitless expanse, impressed and fashioned the imagination to cooler, more genial and happier thoughts — the grand and the peaceful occupied the mind, and left no room for those horrible creations of the fancy which destroyed the judgment and brutalized the occupants of the dark forests of Central Europe, and even found a foothold in the dense and tangled wild woods of rugged New England. A feeling of chastened personal dignity as the occupant of such a heritage, and of reverence for the power that fashioned it, forcibly impressed the mind, as standing upon the vast, illimitable plain which spread in all directions, wave succeeding wave, and undula- tion following undulation, far away, till the earth and sky met and shut in the power of vision, it seemed as if a boundless ocean, set in motion by a powerful storm and then quieted, the bosom of the water smoothly heaving, all in motion, forming the most graceful curves and swells, had been instantly chilled, hardened to solid land — such was the prairie. Standing on a swell of the prairie on a clear day in early summer, the luxuriant grass waving in the wind, the shadows of the sum- mer clouds fitfully chasing each other on beyond the power of vis- ion, the observer could fancy the ocean restored and the long swells again in motion ; or, taking a stand in one of the numerous points of timber which extended either way from the large streams, an open grove, clear of underbrush and covered with a green sward, and the view taking in the alternation of timber and prairie, a scene was presented that for extent, beauty and grandeur art can never expect to imitate, and having once been destroyed can never be restored. .. Whence came the prairie? What peculiar conditions caused this region to grow grass alone, while all others grow timber ? The question seems partially answered by the relative location of the timber and prairie. The timber grows on the alluvial bottoms where partially protected from the prairie fires, or on the thin soil of the bluffs, while the rich prairie soil and the alluvial, where exposed to the fires, grow grass and no timber. When the ocean receded from the rich and deep soil which had been deposited in its appar- A^ 178 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOUNTT. ent quiet waters, as it was partially a swamp, the sedges and coarse grasses would soon grow with a luxuriance proportioned to the temperature, moisture and richness of the soil. Trees do not readily grow in such a soil, and if they did it would require a large number of years to enable them to withstand even a moder- ate fire; but grass grows in a single season, and, when dry, fur- nishes sufBcient fuel to efi'ectually burn up or destroy any young timber sprouts of one or two years' growth that might exist. Thus we might expect no trees, but an annual growth of grass on the richest soil, and where exposed to the annual fires; while a poor soil growing too little grass for fuel to sustain an annual fire, and localities sheltered or protected in any way from the fires, would grow up to timber — and such was found to be the fact. Narrow strips of land between streams or branches of streams were generally timber land. The soil on the top of the bluflfs and near the streams was, and is, invariably thin, and not as well adapted to grass as the prairie; this soil is nearly all timber, and has the additional advantage of protection in one direction by the stream. The smooth and level surface would facilitate the prog- ress of the annual fires, while a rough, rocky and uneven surface would check them. The great extent of the region over which these conditions existed would aid the spread of the fire when started, and some part of so extended a region would be likely to take fire, while if divided into small and isolated tracts like the present fields fires would be seldom known. Lightning alone would be a sufficient cause for the annual firing of so large a tract, and this, at an early day^ was doubtless the agent that eflPected it. It was the opinion of the early settlers that, at that time, the prairie was encroaching upon the timber; in fact, the blufi" timber was all old, and a majority of the trees injured by the fire, and there was no young growth; an ox gad or a hoop pole could not be found except in some sheltered nook of the bluflF, or on the sheltered alluvial bottoms, but as soon as the barrens, as they were termed, were protected from fire, they rapidly grew up with a thrifty crop of well-set timber, showing that the fire had been the only impedi- ment to that result. The prairie, although protected from fire, did not rapidly grow to timber, for the reason there were no roots or germs to start from, as there was in the barrens, but the principal reason was, that no tree will grow readily in the unbroken prairie sod, as most of the settlers found by dear experience. But the timber did spread to 7 SOIENTIFIO. 179 the prairie ; first a few hazel bushes — these would hold the leaves at the roots, thus mulching and killing the turf — then a few crab- apples, then oak and hickory. There was probably a time when, from recurrence of wet sea- sons, a general moist climate, or other cause, the timber had en- croached upon the prairie, else there would have been no timber; but the whole history since the waters retired bad evidently been a contest for supremacy between the two. At the date of the white settlements the timber had retired to the banks of the streams, to the thinnest soil and to the low bottoms, and in most cases were still retiring. As proof of this, it was noticed that in many instances the extreme points, the out-posts or picket lines of timber bad retired and left roots and stumps burnt to or under the surface, yet in reach of the plow, mementoes of its former status. Those trees burnt for several years, and a frequent crash and thud told that the monarchs of the forest, the growth of centuries, were yielding to their conquering foe — a most con- clusive answer to the question. Why is it that timber does not grow on the prairies ? Oaks and hickory are the most hardy and least injured by fire, consequently were the only varieties on the blufis, and if these were receding before the common enemy it could not be expected that the more tender varieties could exist at all. On the sheltered bottoms were found all the varieties of timber common to the climate, that is, where the timber had obtained the ascendency, so as to prevent the growth of grass sufficient to sus- tain the fire. Points of timber occupying a bend or angle of a stream, well out on the verge of the timber point, and on the prairie soil, often consisted of walnut and other varieties of bottom timber, proving that such a soil was well adapted to the growth of difi'erent varie- ties of timber — a truth also proved by the successful cultivation of artificial groves and belts. After the lapse of more than forty years the old timber has nearly all been removed, and the fires checked and finally effectu- ally stopped by the improvements of the settlers; that which was then timber lands, or barrens, has grown a thrifty crop of young timber, not only of oak and hickory, but where the soil is deep and rich, a sprinkling of walnut, linden and other varieties of what was termed bottom timber, being then confined to such localities. The rapidity with which timber spontaneously starts wherever the germs exist and its rapid and thrifty growth show that our soil >C" 180 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. is inherently a timber soil, and that in the not very distant future our State will be better supplied with good timber than those States originally covered with a heavy growth. It is a well-known fact that Western New York, Ohio and other heavily wooded regions, when once cleared seldom produce a valu- able new growth, and the reckless waste made by the occupants of those States will be repaid by succeeding generations in high prices and a scarcity of the article. The low price and abundance of pine lumber and the facilities for transportation have reduced the price of timber-land in Illinois, so that it will hardly bring the prices it did thirty years ago, and many are cutting off the second growth and putting the land under cultivation — all tending to a reckless exhaustion of the timber sup- ply. There can be no question but that the immense demand over all the prairie region for lumber, and the readiness with which that want is supplied, must, within the life of another generation exhaust the supply, and the warnings of thoughtful and sagacious men, to guard against the danger, ought to be heeded. The supply once exhausted can not be restored for generations — the one to two hundred years required to produce a perfect growth of full- sized timber is quite an item in the count of time, and a long period to wait for the production of a crop — and it will be wise to hus- band our resources and save while we can, having at least a thought for the future. The timber growing in Illinois will all be wanted, and at a price that will pay for its culture. The railroads built and to be built, which have to renew their ties every eight or ten years, will consume all the timber the State can produce, and when the lumber region fails, as fail it must, there will be a still greater amount needed for building and fencing purposes. CHAPTER III. FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY. Names and Doings of the First Comees. — The Deep Snow and THE Sudden Change. — Claims and First Improvements. — Mi EAGB AND TRAVELING AT NiGHT. — PeAIRIE FirES. Early in the autumn of 1818 James Chapman, with his wife Betsey, a daughter of James Latham, and her brother Richard, came from Union County, Ky., to the Sangamon River, above the present city of Springfield, and there made a claim. Not long after they were joined by James Latham, who designed settling on the same river. A January thaw occurring, the land was over- flowed, and Mr. Latham concluded to find a more elevated portion of country. He, Richard and a relative named Ebenezer Briggs started for this purpose, and in the course of their search came to the Elkhart Grove. Here they found a beautiful location near a spring of water, and determined to locate. The spring was not far from where Mrs. Frank Thompson now lives. They at once built a small cabin, and on the opening of spring planted a crop, in the meantime having brought farming tools from Mr. Chapman's. After the crop was cultivated they built a large double log cabin in the edge of the grove. This house was one of the best cabins erected in pioneer days. It was roomy, had a covered porch between the two parts, and was the house and home for many emigrants coining to this part of the country. As soon as it was completed Mr. Latham returned to Kentucky for his family. He brought them and his household goods in several large wagons, arriving at his Western home in September. Mr. Chapman remained in Sangamon County until the spring of 1820, when he came to the mouth of Lake Fork, built a cabin and made an improvement. Two years after he sold the place to Jerry Birks and removed fur- ther down Salt Creek near Rocky Ford, where he remained a few years. He next went to Tazewell County and resided some time, but again returned to Logan where he died. The grove where Mr. Latham settled received its name from the (181) £k^ 182 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Indians, who fancied it resembled the heart of an elk. The proper spelling is E-1-k-h-e-a-r-t. The word Itasca, the name of the lake from which the Mississippi rises, is the feminine of the same word and was by them applied to that beautiful sheet of water. Says Schoolcraft, its discoverer : "The beauty and poetry of the name so struck me, I determined it should be preserved." During the spring of 1820 James Turley located on the east side of Lake Fork timber. He was the first settler there. He was a prominent man in the pioneer days of the county, and left a large family. In the snmmer Aquilla Davis settled near the grove. John Stephenson came in the autumn, and probably a few others. The settlements now began to embrace other localities, following the stream so as to get within the timber for warmth and fuel. Mr. Latham being the first in the county deserves^more than passing notice. His house was always open to the traveler, and his hospitality unlimited. He was a native of Virginia, and was very well situated when he came to Illinois. In 1824 he was made Indian Agent by President Adams, and removed with his family at once to Fort Clark (Peoria). Two years after he died there, and the family returned to Elkhart Grove to the old home. Mr. Latham was buried here. His family was always well known, and all became useful members of society. Richard Latham was better known in the county than his father. He was a young man on his arrival, married soon after and became one of the most prominent citizens of early days. He built the Kentucky House, so well known in those days, and where all travelers delighted to pass their evenings. It was almost always the stopping place for travelers, especially lawyers, many of whom have since become noted in the Nation, when attending court in Postville. The old house was burned about 1875. Eichard Latham remained in this county un- til 1852, when lie removed to Springfield where he died. On the 22d of October, shortly after the arrival of James Latham and his family, Robert Musick with his family arrived from Gib- son County, Ind., and settled on Sugar Creek. He came out the autumn before, prospecting, and the next spring returned and put in a crop. He brought the family in the autumn. His family consisted of himself, his wife, two daughters and" one son. Mr. Musick remained on the farm until his death in 1846. John Hamlin, who afterward became one of Peoria's best and most infiuential citizens, came on a prospecting tour through this part of the West, and arriving in the vicinity of Elkhart Grove in the autumn of T ^ ^> r FIEST SETTLEMENT AND EAELT HISTORY. 183 1819, remained with Mr. Latham all winter. The next spring he made an improvement near; but not long after abandoned it and went to Peoria, then a small place, whose inhabitants were chiefly French and American traders, and Indians. The individuals enu- merated were in all probability all the white people living in the bounds of the county during the winter of 1819 and '20. It is thouglit John Porter came in the fall of 1819. This would make him contemporary with the earliest settlers. It is probable, however, he did not locate until a year after. Richard Latham made an improvement in the spring of 1820 at the grove. Charles Turley moved here in the year 1820 or '21; the exact date can not now be determined. The persons mentioned were about all the settlers within the limits of the present county by the close of the season of 1820. A few others may have been here, but their names are now lost, and they have passed away. They were probably persons in search of a home, and only stopped to see the country, afterward locating elsewhere. It was during this summer that the first mill in the county was built by Mr. Latham, who saw its necessity and began its erec- tion. It was a common horse-mill, and was a great convenience to the settlers. Before this they had to go to Edwardsville, a dis- tance of over a hundred miles, to mill. When the horse-mill was completed, men came a great ways to get grinding done, and often would camp out while waiting their turn. It will be well to no- tice the habits of life of these pioneers. Money was generally an unknown quantity with them, and all luxuries of life, if groceries, boots and shoes or store clothing may be termed luxuries, were obtained by barter. Tiieir daily life was very simple, their wants few, because easily satisfied, and their generosity and kind- ness unbounded. Corn meal was a staple article of food prepared in various ways. A very common mode of making corn meal was to take a piece of tin, generally a worn-out pan, and make a grater and grate the corn. It was often prepared after the Indian fashion by hollowing out a log or gtump,and, placing the grain in the cavity, pound it with a heavy pestle. This would pulverize it, when it would be sifted and ready for use. No stoves were thought of. Indeed for many years after the early settlement of the county a stove was un- heard of. It wasstatedatoneofthe meetingsoftheoldsettlers,that at one time not a woman lived in the settlement who knew how to bake bread in one. Yery shortly after the establishment of the town of Springfield, a store was started there by Major Elijah lies. He J 18 184 ' HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. was a native of Kentucky and after attaining his majority herded cat- tle in the mountains of that State. In 1818 he visited St.Louis; from there he went to Old Franklin, Mo., opposite the present town of Brownsville. In 1821 he visited Kentucky, making the journey on horseback, passing over the present site of the Illinois State capital. Being greatly pleased with the country there, he deter- mined to return and settle. He arrived in June, and in July opened the first store in the place. "When Mr. Eobert Buckles moved to Logan County in 1822, he came through Springfield, and this store was the only one of consequence there. John Williams was clerk. He was then getting $10 per month; but Major lies gave him $120, or $30 more than the agreed price for the year, and en- tered into an agreement with him to clerk for five years for $200 per year. At the end of the time he purchased the store of Mr. lies, and was for many years a very successful merchant. This was the trading point for several years after the settlenrient of this part of (then) Sangamon County. It must be remembered by the reader that until 1839 all Logan County and much more territory was included in Sangamon County. The following year, after the location of the settlers already noticed, there came in the spring Benjamin Brigg, who lived at "the grove," on Richard Latham's place. In his family was Emily Hubbard, his wife's sister, who about 1824 was married to Richard. It is a matter of some dispute as to whether this was not the first marriage within the limits of the county. It has been found im possible to settle the question definitely. Mr. Briggs afterward went to Tazewell County, where he accumulated a comfortable competence and lived until his death. Aqnilla Davis came from Kentucky. After living awhile in this county he went to Sangamon County, where he lived a number of years. He returned, how- ever, to Lake Fork, where he lived during the remainder of his life. This same season several others located. They, however, remained only a short time, and can hardly be classed among the early settlers of this county. About a year after, Robert Musick settled on Sugar Creek; he was joined by Ezekiel Hopkins. This latter pioneer came with his family from Indiana. He remained, however, only about two years, when he returned to that State. He and Mr. Musick were the earliest settlers here. Mrs. Judy remembers that when they arrived her father prepared a small cabin, and that they at once made it their home. On the afternoon of the day of her arrival ^ -• Bpr d^ FIEST SETTLEMENT AND EAELY HISTORY. 185 she, her mother and her sister " Hetty," as she was called, went out into the woods, and proceeding but a short way therein discovered two fine bee trees. Tliese were soon after felled and furnished them an abundant supply of this most delicious of native sweets. The finding of these trees was a very common affair, so abundant were they. The Indians possessed a remarkable instinct for finding honey. For many years following the early settlement of this country honey was commonly used to sweeten coffee ; and at the table, instead of asking if the visitor would take sugar in his coffee, the inquiry would be, " Do you use honey in your cof- fee ? " Sugar was a costly article then unless made from the native sugar tree, which could be done by all, and honey being plenty and to be had only by a few hours' labor, was made its substitute. Colonel R. B. Latham says : " If all the walnut trees destroyed in this county for the sake of the wild honey found in them were collected now, they would yield a handsome fortune to their pos- sessors." The same might be said of many other forest trees. In the spring and summer of 1822 Robert Buckles, James Turley and Jerry Birks located on Lake Fork. Mr. Buckles came from White County to this locality. He and Mrs. Buckles came in the spring on horseback, and remained with Mr. Birks, who bought Mr. Chapman's claim. In June they returned to White County fol- lowing Indian trails, and in October came again to this settlement, and located for the winter in a small cabin near the mouth of Lake Fork. It was a rude structure, little better than a rail pen, but served the purpose of a home to those two and their small family during the winter. A few cabins had been built along the eastern side of the tim- ber, by some early settlers, but vacated for fear of the Indians. Mr. Buckles entered one of these in the spring of 1823, and opened a farm. It extended into the prairie some distance. On the bot- tom near him Jeremiah Birks broke about forty acres of prairie. This field was noted for many miles over the country as one of the largest prairie fields cultivated. Mr. Latham was, however, the first to cultivate prairie soil in the county. At first all emigrants to this county settled in the timber. Many of them had no means of cultivating the prairie. It is narrated that one of the most prominent men in Bureau County settled on the prairie to the great surprise of his pioneer neighbors, and not long after, being on a ticket for the Legislature, was defeated for no other reason ^ 186 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. thin that he was at the time making preparations to cultivate his claini. His constituency declared that a man who knew no more tlian to venture out on the prairie to farm did not know enough to represent them in the State councils. One reason for the settle- ment in the timber was the natural protection from the cold winds. This was a most sensible move, and in the poor condition of the houses then, doubtless many lives were saved from the winter's cold, or merciless winds. Another reason was, nearly all these pioneers came from a wooded country. Man learns only by expe- rience and by example. Hence many pioneers would clear out a field in the woods, and expend vastly more labor preparing it for the plow than would be required to plant and cultivate several crops. Another objection was the poor tools with which to do the work. The "bar-share" was the only plow then in use. It had a wooden mold-board, and was with difficulty made to clean prop- erly. Y"et it was made to do goad work. Several yoke of oxen would be hitched to it, and from mere force, if nothing else, it was drawn through the ground. It was in time displaced by a mold- board made of iron rods, steel faced. This was quite an improve- ment, and was for many years the standard breaking plow. The first attempts to cultivate the prairie in this part of the State were made in Sangamon County by William Drennan. It is thus nar- rated in Power's Early Settlers of Sangamon County : "Early in 1818 William Drennan, his half-brother Joseph, his son-in-law, Joseph Dodds, and George Cox left their families near Alton, and with their teams, farming implements, provisions, and all the young men and boys belonging to the families who were able to as- sist in making a house, started, piloted by a young man named William Moore, who had belonged to a company that had been over the country before in fighting the Indians. He was called an In- dian ranger. Arriving at Sugar Creek, they took a day or two for exploring, and on March 10, 1818, drove to the spot on wnich Will- iam Drennan built his cabin, and which proved to be section 32, town 14, range 5 west, when the Grovernment made its survey. It is on the northwest side of Sugar Creek,and twelve miies nearly due south of Springfield, and near where the Sugar Creek Cumberland Presbyterian Church no w stands. Immediately after their arrival they built two cabins. One was occupied by George Cox alone; the other by William and Joseph Drennan and Joseph Dodds. As they had not the slightest idea of cultivating the prairie, these three men agreed to clear all the land they could in one body, and have a FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY. 187 crop from it that year in common". They cleared the timber from about fifteen acres, fenced it, plowed as well as they could among the roots and stumps with a little, short, wooden mold-board plow, and planted it in corn and pumpkin seed. The soil in the timber was very light, so much so that in many places they would sink in almost over their shoes. In fencing this land they in- closed about three-fourths of an acre of prairie. After they had plowed and planted their crop, one of the men suggested that it was quite a waste to have that under fence and nothing growing on it and proposed that they break it up and plant something on it. In order to make sure work, they uncoupled one of the wagons, hitched four horses to the forward wheels, and fastened their wooden mold-board plow to the axle. Try as they would, the plow would not enter the sod, and they reluctantly gave it up. While they were taking off the team and plow, one of the boys, full of fun and mischief, took up a hoe and began to shave off the grass, saying he could break the prairie with his hoe. That suggested the idea to one of the men, and he also took a hoe and began shaving the grass. It was the work of but a few moments to remove the sod from a spot several feet in diameter. He then called to the other men, and proposed that, as they were well advanced with their work, and there were seven or eight of them, and all had hoes, that they call all hands together, and shave the grass from the whole piece, plant something on it, and see what would be the result. The man spoken to first, laughed at the idea as ridiculous; but after studying a moment, he fell in with it, and the men and boys were all called up, the grass shaved off, holes dug, and corn and pumpkin seed planted. They did not touch it any more; that killed the grass. The crop was twice as large in proportion to the area as that planted among the stumps, and the next spring it broke up the nicest of any land they had ever seen. By the year 1823 some improvements in farming implements were made, and the settlers of Logan were beginning to profit by their introduction. The cabin which Eobert Buckles entered in the spring of 1823 was a very fair sample of almost all occupied then. It contained neither a nail, brick, nor saw board. The doors were hung on a wooden hinge. The chimney was made of mud and sticks, and the floor of split puncheon. The roof was made of walnut shingles, split out and held on by weight poles. 12 .FT 188 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The cupboard was made of a walnut log, hollowed out square, and notches made therein, on which split shelves were placed to hold a few dishes they owned. A cradle was commonly made out of a hollow sycamore log, sawn the necessary length. About this year, one of the first deaths in this county occurred, that of Sarah Finders. The cofEn was made of a walnut log, hewed out to receive the bodj, which, after being placed in the cavity, -was very neatly covered by a slab made to fit closely over it. She was buried in the Turley graveyard. There were now quite a number of families in the different settle- ments. These were known as the Elkhart, the Sugar Creek, the Lake Fork, and the Salt Creek settlements. Afterward, about 1827, Kickapoo was added. In tracing intelligently the early his- tory of Logan County it will be necessary to follow each of these settlements in detail. The settlement of James Latham, Richard Latham, James Chapman, Jerry Birks, Robert Buckles, Hezekiah Davis, Aquilla Davis, John Stephenson, John Porter, Robert Musick and a few others have already been noticed. Tlxese came during the years 1819 to 1823. After that date the year of settlement cannot now be definitely ascertained. The following persons are, however, known to have settled on the Lake Fork, prior to 1830. Benja- min Davis, a son of Aquilla Davis, came from Kentucky. He was a Baptist preacher, and was one of the first ministers in the county. In aiter years he removed to Iowa. Charles Turley came from Kentucky here, and remained until his death. Abram Bowman was from the same State. Samuel Key was a young man when he settled here. He afterward married and remained on his farm un- til his death. Ezekiel Bowman, with his family, was from Ohio. He died in the county. After the occurrence of the sudden freeze in 1839 he often told of finding frogs frozen with their mouths open, and said he knew the change was so sudden that they did not have time to close them. James Taylor, a Baptist minister from Tennessee, settled on the Lake Fork, but in after years moved away. Hugh Depriest was also an early settler, who afterward removed. Washington and Jefferson Turley came with their father, James Turley, from Kentucky. The former remained on a farm near his father's until about 1840, when he removed to Mt. Pulaski, where he died. The latter married a Miss Trotter, and settled on Round Prairie, in Sangamon County, where he died. Charles Harper, Sr., was probably on the Lake Fork at the time of the deep snow. =i^ FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY. 189 He remained until his death. Spence settled about the same time and afterward removed. Humphrey Scroggin was one of the earliest settlers here, and lived on his farm until his death. Boston Finders, another earlj settler, remained here during his lifetime. Carter Scroggins, from Kentucky, settled in 1825. He died here. Hugh Collins, from Indiana, Charles Barney, from the same State, and George Girtman, from Missouri, were all earlj' settlers, and all died here. The latter was known, far and near, for the excellent buckskin he made, and which was largely worn by the young men. Hiram Bowman came from Ohio, but after- ward removed to Missouri. "William Copeland was among the early settlers. It is stated in the records of the Old Settlers' As- sociation, that Mrs . Miller Copeland was the first white child born in the county. This is, however, an error, as Mrs. Martha Turley's birth preceded hers some time. Drury Martin, John Hueston and Solomon Blue, old settlers, are all now dead. David Sims came from Kentucky, and is yet living. Jeremiah and Richard Birks were from Tennessee, and are both now dead. William Turner is yet living. Michael and Abram Mann, John Jessee and Thomas, Sr., Lucas, and Samuel Myers were from Ohio, and all are now in their graves. Elijah Friend went to Iowa. William Stallings came from Ohio. He removed to Iowa where he died. Theodore Lawrence married here, and remained until his death. His brothers, John and Bobert, are also dead. James and N. R. Cass were from Kentucky, and are now in their graves. Thomas R. Skinner, an early settler, became one of the most prominent men in the county. He was County Surveyor and afterward, for many years, County Judge, and was one of the most upright men ever on the judicial bench. He was serving in this capacity at the time of his death . While he was living no man could have been elected against him, so much confidence did the people have in him. Judge Reuben C. Ewing, the successor of Judge Skinner, was equally well and favorably known. He was born in Tennessee, in 1801, and came to White County, 111., in 1809, where he lived till 1830. He filled the office of Sherifi" there several terms. In April, 1830, he came to Moultrie County, where he resided until 1848, when he was elected to the Legislature, and served several years. In 1854 he came to Logan County, and in 1857 succeeded Judge Skinner to the office of County Judge. He filled this office until 1869. In 1876 he returned to Moultrie County, where he died on the 10th of July of that year. =5iv — TT* 190 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Aside from the Latham family at Elkhart Grove, several others came, who generally remained but a short time, and then went to the other settlements. Among these may be mentioned the Stephenson family, who afterward went to Sangamon County. Dr. Jayne, for many years a prominent physician in the State capital, made rails for Mr. Stephenson, at one time, for 50 cents per hundred. Mr. Latham had two or three cabins built near his own house, which he rented to persons moving into the country until they could find a location. A family by the name of Lack- land, from Tennessee, lived in one of these cabins. A Mr. Glover made a clearing in the timber, where it was about one-fourth of a mile wide, and opened a farm here. Though a stretch of prairie, more than eight miles in extent, lay on each side of him, he had no idea its soil could be cultivated. John and Henry Crumbau rented land of Kichard and Mrs. Latham for two years. At the expira- tion of that time they went to McLean County. The springs of pure water in the grove were an inducement to locate here. Where water was not obtained by the pioneers in springs or creeks, wells were dug. To supply clothing, flax and cotton were raised, and spun by the women. Shoes were a luxury. Often when a young lady went to church she carried her shoes and stock- ings until near the place of assemblage, when she would pause and put them on. This was done to save them as much as possible. Who of the young ladies of to day would do that? Many of them, did the necessities of the occasion require it. Human nature is not retrograding, and economy is as much a virtue now as then, and only requires a need to call it out. Springfield was then the postofiice, county seat and market for all these settlers. "Wheat brought from 30 to 40 cents; corn, 6 to 10. One pair of shoes lasted a year. Boots were unknown. Some one about the year 1828 or 1829, had a pair of red-top boots made when on a visit to the older State, and on his return was known, far and near, by those "red-top boots." The boys often wore buckskin trowsers and buckskin hunting shirts. As long as they were kept dry they did well; but when once wet, were almost useless. Keturning to the list of pioneers, and following the Sugar Creek settlement, after Robert Musick and Ezekiel Hopkins, already mentioned, Daniel Lantis is found to be the next settler here. He removed from Ohio with his family, and located on Salt Creek about the year 1823. He, however, soon came to Sugar Creek. About 1853 he went to Champaign County, where he died in 1866. i FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EAELT HISTORY. 191 His brother Henry may have preceded him a short time on Sugar Creek, as he came from Ohio about 1824, and settled at once in that locality. He afterward went to Tazewell County, where he died. John Reed came from Kentucky with his family in the year 1827. He lived on Sugar Creek twenty-seven years, when he went to Lincoln. Jerry Dixon removed from Kentucky in 1827, and lived on his farm in this settlement until his death. Abraham Altic came in 1829, and in 1830 moved to Salt Creek. In 1835 he returned to Sugar Creek, where he died in 1840. Archy Brj-- ant came from Kentucky in 1827, and remained until his death. "William (" Pap ") Ryan came from Kentucky with his family in 1830. He went to Missouri, wliere he died. His house was for many years the stopping place in tliis settlement for travelers. Christopher Orendorff and family came early. He built a mill here, the second or third in the county. Daniel Lantis built a saw-mill on this creek, which was afterward converted into a grist-mill. When Robert Musick settled he went to Jacob Moore, a weaver and blacksmith, for work and repairs. 'He also had a mortar in which to pound corn. A horse-mill was afterward erected on Sugar Creek by Fred. Ewing. Mr. Musick's house was partly constructed out ot boards sawn by a whip saw. He did the greater part of his trading, as well as all settlers here, in Pekin as soon as a store was opened there. Mary Ann Musick, now Mrs. Judy, was married April 31, 1829. This was probably the first wedding in this settlement. Mr. Judy settled in Tazewell County in 1825. He was personally acquainted with many of the Indians, who were here then in great numbers. He often shot with them on a trial of skill, and generally defeated them. They had three large villages merged into one near where Bloomington now stands. Here the Kickapoos, Pottawatomies and Delawares dwelt, and during the summer months hunted over the prairie now com- prising Logan County. The Kickapoo Creek took its name from the tribe of Indians dwelling in its vicinity. Some of these could talk tolerable English. Mr. Judy knew well Jim Crow, a Kickapoo chief, Toby White Eyes, of the Delawares, and Big Bull, of the Pottawatomies. Robert Musick had lost a toe from one foot, and was an object of much curiosity to these children of the forest, who knew him as the " Man-without-a-toe." He was also a good marksman, and was often challenged by the Indians to shoot at a mark. They much respected him on account of his skill with a gun. Indians and deer were a common every-day ^4g ^ 192 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. sight. The former often camped near this stream. They fed on hominy and deer's meat. The former was made by boiling it until thoroughly cooked. They had procured iron vessels at some of the Government agencies. Tlie venison was cut into long strips and slowly cooked over a fire of coals. They had also procured blankets at the agency, and many of the squaws wore bright col- ored dresses. One of the largest Indian towns was not many miles from the present town of Pontiac, county seat of Livingston County. Another village was on what was called Monk Creek, a small trib- utary of Sangamon River. After the settlers began to take pos- session of Logan County, the Indians gradually withdrew, until within a few years, by 1836, none were to be found. At the salt spring on Salt Creek was a famous place for their gatherings before the whites came. Here they made salt, and annually made a visit to the place for this purpose. The spring seems to have been equally well known to all the wild animals for many miles around it. Old settlers inform the present generation how they have seen the place when for several rods around the spring the ground was eaten away to the depth of several inches. This had been done by the wild animals, who, having a fondness for the salty taste imparted to the earth wherever saturated by the water, would come to the spring whenever nature demanded more of this ele- ment for their food, and satisfy their taste by slowly eating the salty earth. After the establishment of Indian agencies east of this locality, the Indians of other tribes would occasionally pass through the county on their way to and from the agency. They would almost always stop a day or two near some of the streams, and hunt in order to obtain a supply of food. Tiieir manner of hunting the deer was for a number of warriors to surrouud a cer- tain scope of country, and gradually close in upon whatever game they coald secure. As they advanced nearer and nearer together they would commence a series of yells and vociferations, whicli would thoroughly frighten the deer, who would run from one side of the ring to anothei", only to hear the same outcry, and if sufii- ciently near, a shot would be fired at them by some of the hunters, These being mounted on ponies, and riding at a furious gait, would be very imcertain in their shots, and seldom brought the deer down until within close range. The hunter did not always seem to care as to the result of his shot, as the excitement of the chase was to him quite enchanting, and he often prolonged it to 11 J W . Is ■ ' ' -^ ^)> ,« ^ FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTOKr. 193 gratify himself. After the chase they would remove the best part of the carcasp, and, building a fire in an excavation in the ground, would suspend the meat over the fire after it had burned to coals. Here it could slowly cook, and would in this manner become ex- cellent eating. It would also keep fur Tuany days, which was the Indian's primary object in the proceeding. Sometimes they would become tired of the venison, and would go to the settlers' houses to exchange it for " hog-ee meat," as they called it. As they cared more for the quality than for the quantity, they would often get only a small piece of " hog-ee meat" in exchange for a large piece of venison. On one occasion several of them came on this er- rand to one of the settlers. One of them brought with him his gun, a large smooth bore rifle. While at the house the white man showed the Indian, who appeared to be the chief, his gun, a small rifle, and by signs indicated to him he would like to exchange. The Indian, after carefully looking it over, raised it to his shoulder, and, sighting it, gave an ejaculatory " tush," throwing his head to one side. He then picked up his own gun, sighted it, and giving another " tush," inclined his head toward the earth. The pioneer knew the first movement indicated that the hunter supposed that if the deer was hit by a ball from such a small rifle it would only shake its head in disdain; but if struck by a ball from his gun, it would fall dead to the earth. After the Black Hawk war, the most of the Indians went to their reservations west of the Mississippi, while the remainder gradually left the country on the approach and settlement of the white man. In speaking of the Indians, Mr. C. C. Ewing, now a resident of Lawndale, and an early settler, says: "They were of the Kicka- poo tribe about our place. The Government permitted them to remain and hunt, after having treated with them for their lands." He further says: '' These savages were a fearful sight to us boys, they being the first we had ever seen. Some were painted difl'er- ent colors; others had heavy rings in their ears, or had notches cut in them. Their camp was close to our place, and we visited them frequently. They were quite friendly, and we could easily learn their peculiarities. They would spread their deer hides around their wigwams and cut the venison in small slices, and place these on the hides to dry in the sun. Their dogs, which were numerous, had first choice in these pieces, and were generally undisturbed. When a deer would come in sight, the entire squad of braves would rush Li- 194 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. for their ponies and ride pell-mell after it, shooting from the backs of their ponies. As soon as the deer fell it would be slung across the back of a pony trained to the purpose and brought to camp. On Sundays all was quiet in the village; no hunting was allowed on that day. When their dinner was prepared of venison and soup, the warriors arraigned themselves around the pot in a circle, spoon or ladel in hand. The chief placed himself in a prominent position, and, amid deep silence, pronounced a harangue in the Indian tongue, which," says Mr. Ewing, "we supposed was say- ing grace. The moment he concluded, each Indian rushed for the pot as if on a race for life, and rapidly began to devour its con- tents." Their habits were disgustingly dirty and filthy. The favorable opinion of the early settlers concerning these natives was very much changed when the Black Hawk war broke out, and they committed some startling atrocities. These were not, how ever, within the confines of this county, but generally further north. The third settlement in this county was made on Salt Creek, so named from its saline springs, after Mr. Chapman's location and selling to Mr. Birks in 1822. The next settler here was probably Samuel McClure. He located on Salt Creek in 1823. William McGraw was another pioneer; also William I,ong. In 1825 Philip Suiter settled in what is now Broadwell Township. Sol- omon Wood located near the Eocky Ford; Nicholas Moore, at Hurricane Point in 1830. He afterward went to Iowa and died there. East of the mouth of Lake Fork, on Salt Creek, Abram Vande venter settled in 1828. In 1826 or '27 Charles Council and Montgomery Warrick came. Samyel Musick located in 1823 or '24 near the present village of Middletown. In 1826 John Barnes came with his family from Kentucky. He lived two years in one of Richard Latham's cabins and then re- moved to Salt Creek, settling in what is now Corwin Town- ship. James Latham had by this date removed to Peoria, having been appointed Indian Agent by President Adams in 1824. He lived here but two years when death occurred. Between the years 1824 and 1827 or '28 John, Eobert and James Downing, David Lowry and James Morrow settled. Harry Crocker came from the south part of the State, married and died here. Henry De ment settled about 1829. Moses Moore, a nephew of Nicholas, lo- cated about the same time. Stephen Moore settled here, but afterward moved to Postville, where he was among the first county '^— -^^ '-\^ FIEST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTOKT. 195 officers. He again moved, this time going to Iowa. J. D. and William Dement were from Kentucky, and are now dead. Joseph Bowles purchased a farm of a Mr. Dotson, an early settler, about 1830. Mr. Bowles went to Sangamon County, but returned to Lo- gan in 1840 or '41, where he died. Brooks Eandolph came from Virginia about the time of the "deep snow." He remained during his lifetime. James Randolph was a native of the same place. Willoughby Randolph also came from Virginia. He removed to Iowa. John Vandeventer was from the Old Dominion, and lived on Salt Creek until his death. Alfred and Edmond Sams were natives of Tennessee, and are both in their graves. Preston Pen- dleton and wife came from Kentucky in 1829, and settled on what is now the John Martin farm. After various removals they lo- cated at the Big Grove on the Kickapoo, where Mr. Pendleton died in 1871. His widow still lives. Peter Bashaw settled near the Rocky Ford about 1827. About ten years after he went to Missouri. John Oritz is yet living on the old homestead. His father went to DeWitt County, where he died. Samuel Evans set- tled about 1827 or '28. He afterward moved to the place known as the Boren farm. He next established a ferry at the Lincoln cemetery. This he changed to a toll-bridge, which he in after years sold to the county. He then removed to his farm, where he died about 1849. Berryman Vaughn was from Ohio, and settled here on James Chapman's farm, which he purchased. He died on his homestead. Peter J. Cowarden also died on his homestead. Thomas Briggs settled early; he died here. The remaining settlers, before the " deep snow," located on Kick- apoo Creek. The first settler here did not arrive until 1826. Prettyman Marvel arrived near the eastern limits of the county, in the timber skirting this stream, in February, 1826. He and his wife scraped away the snow from beside a big log, kindled a fire, wrapped themselves in their blankets and slept during the night. They came from Gibson County, Ind. They moved near Waynes- ville, DeWitt County, where Mr. Marvel died in 1842. Mrs. Mar- vel is yet living. One week after their arrival John Barr and wife came from the same place and located near them. They came in an ox-cart, and camped out while on the way. Felix Jones settled near the present Atkinson place, and is now dead. Dr. Throgmor- ton brought his family here from Indiana. He removed to Mason County, where he died. Chauncy Spears and Matthew Robb are both in their graves. Thomas Robert, James and Samuel Mc- k^ 196 . HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Clure settled near the junction of Salt Creek and Kickapoo about 1823. John and Reuben Ewing, Hiram Chapin, Benjamin Shipley and Abraham Hamilton are all dead, and were all early residents. Timotliy Hoblit located about 1829. He was from Ohio. William Hutchinson came from Indiana. Andrew Brock and Hiram Bow- man, from Ohio. Thefirst two are dead. Mr. Bowman was one of the first teachers here. He was a Baptist minister, and in after years went to Missouri. Joseph Kod^ers removed to Spoon River, and there died. Samuel Hoblit came from Ohio to Sangamon County in 1827. He removed to the Big Grove in the spring of 1829, where he resided until his death. The Hoblit family are now very nu- merous, and are among the best citizens of the county. Samuel Hoblit was for many years the only mechanic in this part of the county, and performed all repairs on the farming implements used at that time. John Seott owned a small corn mill built by Zion Sugars in 1828, on the Kickapoo. It was run by water, and had one set of stones. It was the first mill in this part of the county. "Wheat was ground on it, and bolted by hand. It was afterward changed to a saw- mill. Thomas Lucas, from Ohio, died here. Charles Council moved to Iowa, Thomas Davis to Missouri, James Ennis, from Tennessee, to the same State. Joseph Clifton settled on a hill near Jerry Bently's. Adam Stephens and wife came from Ohio. They are yet living. Matthew Martin came from Indiana, and afterward settled in DeWitt County, where he died. Ezra Knapp is dead. Gabriel Watt probably came from Indiana. He, William Lee and a Mr. Overstreet were among the first Methodist preachers here. George Clark moved to Delavan Prairie. Levi Jolmston is dead. James Barr, lately deceased, was an early set- tler here, and a prominent man. The first postoffice and trading point for these settlers was Spring- field. The next were Bloomington, Pekin and Waynesville. This small town in DeAVitt County was laid out by George Isham. Here the settlers first attended church. Many of them went to Peoria for trade. It was then better known as Fort Clark. In ad- dition to the early settlers mentioned, several names will be found in the history of Atlanta. They are those who located in its vicin- ity. The habits of life of these pioneers were the same as those previously narrated. Their early life was as full of interest as any. John Barr had one clevis when he came. He and others used hickory withes in fastening implements together where any strength was required. They broke ground with three or four T FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY. 197 yoke of oxen, and when one gave 'out, would go out, drive in a wild steer, compel him to enter the yoke, and go on. Between the various streams on which were the settlements, already described, no person located until later years. The country remained unbroken in many places until the advent of the railroad in 1853. When J. T. Ohesnut settled in what is now Prairie Creek Township there were but three houses in that part of the county. Delavan was his trading point. Thomas Fletcher was the first settler here. Before closing this it will be very interesting to read the experiences of some of these pioneers as narrated by them in letters and at the gatherings of tlie old settlers. In a letter written to the secretary of the Old Settlers' Association,' Mr. C. C. Ewing, in naTating the early experiences of his father's family, says: "I emigrated with my parents from Tazewell County about the 30th of May, 1829. "We settled upon the border of Kickapoo, about one mile west of where the present village of Lawndale now stands. My father brought with him 160 head of cattle, besides other stock. We had to settle on raw land, there being but little cultivated. We broke sod and planted sod- corn until about the 25th of June, on which to winter our stock. The fall was very favorable, and the corn matured well. There was any quantity of blue-stem prairie grass. Of this we availed ourselves abundantly. Yet we had to buy corn and haul it four miles, that being the winter of the deep snow. We hitched two or three yoke of oxen to a sled and drove after the corn in the morning, and would frequently find our trail completely covered on our return. The snow was two or three feet deep. Sun-dogs frequentlj' followed the sun all day, and the weather was often bitterly cold. We got through the winter with a lot of very poor stock, but the grass being abundant the following spring, we soon forgot the hard winter." Wild game was remirkably plenty, and all settlers had an abun- dance of meat. The county seat of Tazewell County was then at Fremont, about thirty miles distant. To neither it nor Springfield was there a road. Each one on making a journey to either of these towns followed an Indian trail. As Pekin was rather a poor market, the settlers determined to try Chicago. The journey there would occupy about four weeks. Wheat could be sold there at from 75 to 90 cents per bushel, while in Pekin it would bring but 50 or 60 cents. Salt, sugar, coffee and other articles needed in the settlement would be brought back. Purchases could be made Ji 198 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cheaper in Chicago than Pekin, and on the return of the party could always be sold in the settlement. Mr. Ewing further says: "The item of milling was the most to be dreaded. Cooking stoves were very rarely seen, while a match was not thought of. In our long drives to Chicago we had to keep a supply of flints, steel, tow and punk. With these we made our lires in camp. My father made what he called a mortar, in which to make meal, by hollow- ing out a solid block of wood and making a pestle to fill the cavity. He fastened an iron wedge in the end of the pestle, which was at- tached to a sweep, with a round through it at the proper height for the hand. At this grinder, thus roughly made, the boys would have to put in their idle time. Another mode for making meal was to make a grater out of tin. We often preferred these rude mills to going thirty or forty miles to a horse-mill, and wait for those ahead of us. The journey would often require three or four days' time. Flour was a rarity here, and when obtained was of a dirty, sandy color. This was caused by threshing the wheat on a ground floor by driving horses over it. When it was cleaned it was ground in one of those venerable horse-mills, then so few. Yet this was all we could afford. Biscuit was eaten once a week — on Sunday." At this date there was a small store at Bloomington and one at Joliet, where the settlers on their way to and from Chicago stopped. They often came here to trade. The comfort of the set- tlers was somewhat advanced by the erection of Orendorffs grist- mill. It was built on Sugar Creek, and was since known as Mor- gan's mill. The burrs were made out of the " lost rocks," as they are called, which were found scattered about over the prairies. They were undoubtedly brought here by the action of water ages ago. They are very hard and durable, and are commonly known as " nigger-heads." This mill was a great convenience to the Sugar Creek and Kickapoo settlers, and had an extensive patron- age. A water-mill was erected on Salt Creek about the same time, but was useful only in high-water time, and was then not consid- ered very safe. The first water-mill in Logan County was built by John Glenn, before the deep snow. The Orendorff mill would grind wheat, but the flour was of an inferior quality. As soon as settlers began to go to Chicago for supplies, Pekin, profitting by the admonition, began to improve. Men in mer- cantile pursuits knew it was profitable to go to that market for supplies, it was profitable for them to meet the demand, and they s \ FIEST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTOEY. 199 acted accordingly. Until the railroad came, this town was the chief market, and grew rapidly. THE DEEP SNOW AND SUDDEN CHANGE. These two important events mark an era in the early life of the pioneers of Logan County. Those living in the county now who passed through them, refer to them as times never since repeated. The snow began falling about "Wednesday, between Christmas of 1830 and January, 1831, and continued falling until it attained a depth of nearly three feet on the level. There was a tradition among the Indians that a similar snow fell about thirty years be- fore. Reference is made to it in the history of the Northwest, in this volume. So completely did the snow cover everything, that wild game perished in great numbers. Over the snow a crust formed, and, the temperature remaining low, everyone walked over the country on this. If a track was broken, the snow would fall, and ere long it would be filled. The people were often put to great straits to preserve life and property. Mr. Power, in his his- tory of the old settlers of Sangamon County, tells of a man named Stout, living alone on Sugar Creek, who, to preserve his life, felled a large tree near his cabin, cut off a log and hollowed out a cav- ity large enough to contain his body. He made his bed on shav- ings, as he had done before, placed the trough along side of it, and, lying down, would pull it over him. The warmth of his body soon filled the cavity, and he was preserved from freezing. When the weather was extremely cold, he would remove his fire just before retiring, scraping the coals and ashes carefully away, and make his bed where the fire had been. Mr. Ewing relates that deer, wild cats, catamounts, foxes, ground or hedge hogs, badgers, rac coons, foxes, opossums, and prairie wolves were abundant during the autumn. The deer were fat and abounded in great numbers. So plenty were they that people did not care to hunt them. The crust overspreading the snow would allow all animals as well as man to pass over it in safety. The deer runs by a succession of leaps, and the faster the run the greater the force with which their feet strike the ground. Their feet being small and hard, when pursued the deer would break through this crust, and fall an easy prey to the wolves and other animals in its pursuit. The wolves would generally seize the deer by the throat, and suck its blood. The hunter, following and finding the carcass, would find it un- touched, and he had only to take the choice parts for the venison. 200 HISTOBY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Mr. Ewing says: " My brothers and myself concluded we would catch some deer aud tame them. Accordingly we captured a few choice ones, but found they could not be easily tamed, or made to eat, and we were soon compelled to release them." Not a few persons became lost during this winter, and perished. Their bodies were not found until in the spring, when the snow passed off with a great freshet. The sudden change occurred on the afternoon of Dec. 20, 1836. It was one of the most remarkable phenomena ever recorded. Kev. John England says: "I moved down near Athens, and was getting out puncheons for the floor of my cabin when the big snow fell. It was all I could do during the day to keep wood enough cut to last all night, and walk a mile and a half to get corn to feed my hog and horses." Mr. Power says concerning this sudden change: " Mr. Washington Crowder remembers that on the morn- ing of Dec. 20, 1836, he started from a point on Sugar Creek about eight miles south of Springfield to the latter place, for the purpose of obtaining a license for the marriage of himself and Miss Isabel Laughlin. There were several inches of snow on the ground; the rain was then falling slowly, and had been long enough to turn the snow to slush. Every time the horse put his foot down it went through the slush, splashing it out on all sides. Mr. Crowder was carrying an umbrella to protect himself from the rain, and wore an overcoat reaching nearly to his feet. "When he had traveled some- thing like half the distance, and had reached a point about four miles south of Springfield, he had a fair view of the landscape, ten or twelve miles west and north. He saw a very dark cloud a little north of west. It appeared to be approaching him very rapidly, accompanied by a terrific, deep, bellowing sound. He thought it prudent to close his umbrella, else the wind might snatch it from his hands, and dropped the bridle rein on the neck of his horse for that purpose. Having closed the umbrella and put it under his arm, he was in the act of taking hold of the bridle rein when the cold wave came over him. At that instant water was dripping from everything about him; when he drew the reins taut, ice rattled from them. The water and slush were almost instantly turned to ice. Mr. Crowder says that in fifteen minutes from the time the cold wave reached him, his horse walked on the frozen snow. Arriv- ing in Springfield, he attempted to dismount at a store on Fifth street, but was unable, his coat holding him as firmly as if it had been made of sheet iron. He then called for help, and two men J^ - ^ - „- » FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EAELT HISTOET. 201 came, who tried to lift him off, but his clothes were frozen to the saddle, which they ungirthed and carried man and saddle to the fire, and then thawed them apart." Mr. Crowder obtained his li- cense, returned the same day, and was married the next. This event fixes the date in his mind beyond question. Two brothers in Douglas County were overtaken by the wave, while cutting a bee-tree, and froze to death before reaching their house. Their bodies were found about ten days after. Andrew Herideth, a former merchant in Cincinnati, collected a drove of from 1,000 to 1,500 hogs and started with them for St. Louis. The country was so thinly settled he found it expedient to take three or four wagons loaded with corn to feed on the way. When a load was fed out, there was generally asuffisient number of hogs exhausted to fill the wagon. Mr. Herideth had reached a point on the prairie about eight miles south of Scottville, Macoupin County, when the cold wave overtook him. Finding that men and animals were likely to perish, he called the men together, upset all the wagons but one, in order to leave the corn and hogs together, righted the wagons, and with the men in them drove to the nearest house. Before they could reach it, all were more or less frozen, but none lost their lives. The hogs thus abandoned piled on each other. Those on the inside smothered, and those on the outside froze. A pyramid of about 500 hogs was thus built. The others wandered about and were reduced to skeletons by their sufferings from the cold, the whole proving a total loss. The blow was too much for Mr. Eerideth, who was making superhuman efforts to retrieve his lost fortune, and he not long after died. The most remarkable case of suffering recorded concerning this change happened to James Harvey Hildreth, of Logan County, and a young man named Frame. Mr. Hildreth could never after be induced to speak of it except with great pain. Frame died at the time. Mr. Hildretli was then about twenty-four years old, and a very stout, rugged young man. He was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, about the year 1812. He came to Illinois in 1833 or 1834, and settled near Georgetown, Vermillion County, and en- gaged in cattle trading. He lelt home on the 19th of December, 1836, in company with Mr. Frame, both intending to go to Chicago on horseback. On the second day out, December 20, they entered a large prairie, the next timber being many miles distant, on Hick- ory Creek, a tributary of tlie Iroquois River, and now in Iroquois County. It rained all the forenoon, and the earth was covered ■ » -fc |v IS •Si a -- -<• 9 > ■^ " ^ — — — -^ — 1^ — I „ ^ — _ . 202 HISTORY OF LOGAN CO0NTT. with water. They encountered a slough containing so much water thej did not like to cross it, and turned toward the northeast, riding several miles. Coming to a narrow place in the slough they crossed it, and turned northwest to regain their course. This was about the middle of the afternoon. It suddenly ceased raining, and the cold wave came in all its fury, striking them squarely in the face. They were then out of sight of any human habitation. Their horses becoming unmanageable, drifted with the wind, or across it, until night closed in upon them. How long they discussed what was best to do is not known, but they finally agreed to kill each other's horse. They dismounted, and Hildreth killed Frame's horse. They took out the entrails and crawled into the cavitj', and lay there, as near as Mr. Hildreth could judge, until about midnight. By this time the animal heat from the carcass became exhausted. They crathen in the county were the Pottawatomies and the Delawares, but they soon gave way to the settlers. "When his father came they went a mile below Edwards- ville (a distance of over a hundred miles) to mill. In a few years a little mill was put up on the Sangamon. ITis father erected a horse mill about the year 1822, and it was looked upon as a very important enterprise. Men would come great distances and camp out for a day or two while their grinding was being done. All were neighbors and friends then, and much sociability existed. He thought this was always the case in the settlement of a country. People enjoyed themselves as well as they do now. The early settlers were vigorous, enterprising men. It did him good to meet the friends of his boyhood, especially upon such an occasion as this; hence he was in favor of these gatherings. Joshua Day responded to a call by saying that he was not a pioneer, though an old settler. He came forty years ago, lacking a month, and he thanked God for it. He landed at Commerce, near Kauvoo, forty-eight years ago, having left Massachusetts when not quite twenty-one years old. Near Nauvoo he saw Black Hawk and over 500 Indians. He took dinner with the chief several times. The year after he came he helped bury two or three of his neighbors. They had no physician. He had only six "bits" when he came, and he shook with the ague nine months. "Would 233 have gone back bnt couldn't. Like many others, the impossibility of returning gave him the pluck to endure. Afterward he came to Lake Fork, which they said was a healthier country. Be came after the arrival of the Buckles, Lucas, Scroggins and Latham families. John Buckles and others in the assembly before him knew how times were then. When scouring plows came in, one old man stuck to his wooden plow for three years because he thought the new plow " would kill the ground " it turned over so sleek. Mr. Day then described an old-fashioned wedding with its fiddling, dancing and racing for the bottle; the old-fashioned cabin with its wide fire-place, etc. L. K. Scroggin was called out. He said the previous speakers had left nothing for him to say. His father and mother came to Illinois in 1811, and he was born in the southern part of the State in 1819. He came to Logan County in 1827, and had remained ever since. He thought the young should go on improving the country as their fathers had done for those who, in turn, should follow them. We should not destroy, but build up. The country should go on in its career of development. Fifty years hence this would be one of the greatest countries in the world. He thought the young people of the present time, while they might not en- joy the racing for the bottle, and other rough sports of early days, were quite as happy in their different ways. J. T. Hackney responded to calls by saying that he could not make a speech. He was not a pioneer, but came to the couuty forty-one years ago. In 1840 he knew almost all the men in Lo- gan County, when it polled less than 500 votes. In December, 1836, he and one or two others went up to Salt Creek and stopped at the farm where he now lives. The earth was wet from recent rains. Suddenly a cold wind came which almost seemed to whiten the earth in its progress. As they went the ice became thicker and thicker, and the cold more intense, and they were obliged to stop for the night at the house of Alfred Sams. All old settlers remember that sudden and wonderful change of temperature. His father began teaching in 1836 in a log cabin within a hundred yards of where he (the speaker) was now standing. The school- house was called "Brush College." James Randolph was called out. He said he was not one of the first settlers, but came forty-five years ago, before the winter of the deep snow. He came a small boy in a colony of fifty persons who settled together. There was but one house then from Mrs, IK* 234 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Cruser's to the county line. They came from a warm country, and the men spent the tall weather in hunting, instead of finishing up their cabins. Only two houses in the colony had chimneys. The snow came about Christmas. It was very hard to travel with horses, and there was no corn nearer than ten miles. They had plenty of meat. By spring forty-nine of the fifty were in the two cabins that had chimneys. Nearly all were sick, but there was only one death during the winter. They had no doctor. A good many of the colony became discouraged and went back. In 1832 his father built a hewed log house, the same one in which William Donnan now lives. James F. Hyde, of Lincoln, read a poem entitled " The Pioneers." The president said he came to the county in 1841. In 1842 or 1843 he attended an " infare," at which were present Seth Post, Jerome Goren, Anson Packard and Dick Oglesby, all of Decatur. The family lived in a small house, and the guests expected to go to Yankeetown for lodgings, but a rain came up and they were forced to remain and sleep on the fioor. He remembered that Oglesby made a pillow of a skillet, which he had turned upside down for the purpose. At tlie stand were a few relics representative of early times. One was a piece of old-fashioned strap rail, such as was used on the first railroad. D. W. Clark had a silver spoon made by a brother of his wife's grandmother, and a primitive-looking but substantial two-tined hay fork, once the property of bis great- great-grandfather. Mr. Fletcher had a rifle brought from Vir- ginia, and a pair of antlers taken from a buck slain by the gun thirty years before. Some preserved ground-cherries were shown as a sample of what pioneer housewives used to do in sweetmeats. Mrs. Greorge Turley, aged fifty-two years, was thought to be the oldest living person born in the county. For the ensuing year D. W. Clark was re-elected President; P. B. Latham, Vice-President; L. K. Scroggin, Treasurer; and S. Linn Beidler, Secretary. It was voted to hold the next reunion at Latham's Park, Lincoln. The following were appointed a com- mittee on arrangements: Frank Fisk, James Coddington, Sylves- ter Strong, John D. Gillett and John Buckles. FOURTH REUNION. The old settlers were next called to order at the court-house (weather being cool for an out-door meeting) at 11 o'clock of ASSOCIATION. 235 Tuesday, Oct. 10, 1876, by President Clark. There being a general impression on the street that the time of meeting was 1 o'clock, it was tliought best to adjourn nntil that time. A little after 1 o'clock the court-house was crowded. Henry Johnson was first called upon, as being perhaps the oldest man in the house. He came from Northern Indiana to Logan County, Oct. 28, 1826. The men had to gather their own crops and the women do their own spinning. He related a little incident in his early life when his sister took him to be an Indian, and the sport they had out of it. During the winter of 1826-'7 the prairies were burned off by the Indians in order to drive the deer to the woods ; the fences were also burned. In the summer of 1827, when har- vesting his oats, he stopped to rest about nooii, and on looking around saw a "six-footer" standing close behind. He took the Indians, there being several near, to his cabin and gave them their dinner. They were a hunting party from the head of Salt Creek. They had been out two days and killed 200 deer. Their nearest neighbors lived twelve or fourteen miles distant, and here they used to go to corn shuckings, etc. The young folks acted like all young folks, except that they did not "Mister " nor " Miss " any one. He gave the history of his takinff Betsey home from the shucking — she lived up the creek. He saw her safely home ; she asked him in and he attempted to take the rickety chair ; was told by the fair damsel to take the new one by her side ; he took this for a good hint and kissed her. John Musick was engaged to one of his sisters, and when the " time " drew near it was necessary to have a license ; so John and 'Henry started for Springfield to get it. The old Judge asked of John if she was of age ; he replied she was not, "but here is her father," pointing to Henry. The old Judge saw the joke and said, " Boys, I will tell you a little story. A fellow came here one day to get a license and I asked him what the girl's name was; he said he did not like to tell for fear I would plague him. I told him that I would not ; so he said her name was Peg, and that was all I could get out of him." John got his license. Holding up a vest which proved to be buckskin, Mr. Johnson said, " This vest is 102 years old. My father wore it at his wedding two years before the Hevolutionary war ; my mother gave it to me 'and I expect to hand it down to my children. The pants were cut up by my mother. At first we did our milling at Elkhart ; then there was a mill built on the Kickapoo. They used the section of a hollow sycamore tree for the rim of the burr. " 15 236 HISTOET OF LOGAN COtTNTY. The President asked for 6ome other old pioneer to come forward and tell us of "the long ago." Jacob Judy responded in a very brief speech in which he said that the first license in Tazewell County was bought with 'coon skins. Uncle Joshua flouser asked what they paid the preacher, to which he replied that they did not pay hirn at all. The President then asked, " Who next ?" To this call H. I. "Warner replied that he had a Dutch Bible 131 years old ; a Dutch hymn book between eighty and ninety years old ; a guitar of his father's, 114 years old ; an old staff which he used when General Jackson was inaugurated President ; .a bull's-eye watch fifty -nine years old ; a pair of boots he had worn for thirty years, but one of them had a hole in it, owing to a defective piece of leather the shoemaker used. He spoke of the fashions of early times, giving some idea of the costumes worn when he was a boy. Colonel R. B. Latham was next called, and responded by say- ing that he had been here longer than any one now living, per- haps, as his father had moved here in 1819. That there was scarcely a forty-acre lot in Elkhart woods but what he had chased a wolf over. The old settlers now are the children and grandchil- dren of the early pioneers. Then if a man built a house two or three miles out from the woods he was considered foolish, and would freeze to death the first winter ; consequently many of the early settlers cleared farms in the heavy woods. He had seen great changes. Said that his father's family had to go 100 miles to mill. That if a man was going on a journey of 300 or 400 miles he would prepare for it long before hand by getting his team in trim and everything ready for the long ride. Now he can travel 2,000 miles, visftingthe great Eastern cities, the Centennial Expo- sition, the grandest exposition the world has ever seen, and be back here in one week. He spoke in glowing terms of the telegraph, railroads, school-houses and churches. What have we done for the improvement of this great country ? Have we done our duty, or have we been in the way ? We must instill into the minds of our children the principles of improvement so that in fifty years, when they hold old settlers' meetings, they can look back upon the receding past with grateful emotions to those who have gone before. The President stated that since their last meeting three of the old pioneers had gone— Messrs. Cantrall and Clark and Mrs. Scroggin. Colonel Knapp was next called, but his health was too K ^i — ^ - — -"k ^ 237 poor to permit him to respond. Mrs. Judy stated that her father came to Logaa the 22d of October, 1818 (?). Rev. John England was next called, and said that he was like the minister who had his sermon written and stuck into a hole in the wail behind him and could not get it again; turning to the au- dience he said, " There was as fine a sermon in that wall as ever was preached." He stated that his father left Madison County, Ohio, in Octobar, 1817, coming to St. Louis, where he met Gen- eral Whiteside, who fought the Indians; and the General told Mr. England that there was some of the finest country up here that he had ever seen. His father and his two brothers-in-law started the next spring for Logan County. The family moved up in July; their table was split from a big tree, with wooden pins put in for legs; their churn was made from a hollow buckeye tree. They went to Edwardsville to mill and had to pay $1 per bushel forcorn, haul it 100 miles at night, on account of the flies being so bad, for at daylight they had to build a fire near the horses and keep the flies off until night. He spoke of the customs of the girls, the "gals " going barefooted until within sight of the church and then putting on their shoes and stockings. They made their calculations to have the ague, as they did to have winter. This was caused by hunting their horses in the late wet grass, and drinking surface water. They thought that drinking liquor would keep the ague off, so every one attended to that. The piano that "gals" used then was the washboard and the spining-wheel. He said that he had seen three brothers in home-made pants, colored red, go to see three sisters, and that if the like was done now the girls would " sack" them immediately. The President then asked all who were in the State the winter of the "deep snow " to arise and thirty-one responded. Judge James Matheny, of Springfield, was next called. He was an old settler, but he wanted it distinctly understood that he was not an old man nor never expected to be. He had gray hairs to keep Colonel Latham company. He had no recollection beyond old Sangamon County. "We complain of hard times, but we don't know anything about hard times. It is well for us to be told of the old times; how boys and girls, like Adam and Eve, went out into 9 strange land with the Bible in one hand and an ax in the other. They have hewn out for you the grandest country the sun shines on. You old pioneers do not need lofty piles of granite; the blossoming fields, the many school-houses and churches are — ~:zz, nr*" '-^ 238 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN OOtTNTY. the grand monuments of your achievements. He had clear recol- lections of John B. Watson, hisearly teacher; he made impressions on him, but they were on his back. The Yankee teachers would teach two months for $3. They did not care whether the children learned anything or not, they were after the $3; they did not tramp it through as they do now. He used to play sick and get hurt in order to stay at home. There is a great difference now, as his children liked to go to school; there is a great difference between the teachers now and then. He spoke of the ancient wed- ding, when John and Susan had made it up and knew the circuit- rider would be around; had the calico dress and the blue jeans suit ready; the affair was very quiet; after the ceremony, they walked hand in hand out of the gate, through the woods, across the old bridge, up the hill to the little log cabin John had built. He spoke in feeling terms of the ancient pair who had gone arm in arm for fifty years up the steps of life, the bonds uniting their two lives being stronger by far than when first given. They have laid the foundation of the temple of human happiness in which you re- side. His father has been a Methodist minister, and he believed he had blacked 1,000 pairs of boots, and he thought the one who gave a picayune was the best preacher. He related a short inci- dent in which a little girl said, on being asked if she lived in such a gloomy place, "I make my own sunshine. " If we would all make our own sunshine and scatter its bright rays, we would be a much happier people. Just so long as you are true to yourselves, true to your country, and true to your God, this country will be safe, and the dear old flag will be to the old world what the pillar of fire was to the Israelites. The President gave some incidents in his own early life, and stated that it was perhaps time to close. It was decided "to hold the next year's meeting in Lincoln in one of the parks or groves. Messrs. Clark, Fisk, Larison and Tuttle were appointed a commit- tee to fix upon the time and place, and give the proper notice. President Clark and Vice-President Latham were re-elected. Frank Fisk was elected Secretary. Mr. Fisk displayed some relics exhibited by E. H. Spader, consisting of petrified wood from Macoupin County; three hoes dug up on the Kickapoo in 1874 at the depth of fourteen feet below the surface in an old Indian bury- ing ground; three tomahawks, one found on Sugar Creek, one on Salt Creek, and the third in McLean County. They reminded one of former days when the dusky hunter pursued the deer and wolf. OLD settlers' association. 239 FIFTH EEUNION. The gathering of "Wednesday, Sept. 5, 1877, was only hindered by threatening weather from being a grand success. The idea of Latham's Grove was abandoned, but some of those who came ate their dinners under the trees in court square. For fear of rain, the meeting was held at Gillett's Hall. The meeting was called to order at half past one o'clock by D. "W". Clark, who said that since the previous meeting many of the old settlers had passed from this world, among them Mr. Randolph, Thomas Lushbaugh, Mrs. Capps and many others ; that they missed Mr. Eandolph more on account of his readiness to speak on these occasions; that he now wished the old settlers to come forward and all speak. J. M. Edwards, of Lincoln, was the first to respond. He moved to Springfield in 1829, when that town consisted of about 100 log houses. He came to Lake Fork in 1829, and bought land of Mr. Buckles. He lived there a number of years. Mr. Edwards spoke of the strnggles of the pioneers, of grating corn for meal and of traveling long distances to mill. Wm. M. Allen said he had been in the county thirty-eight years, and told some laughable stories of pioneer life. The first mill on Salt Creek had no roof over it; they bolted the flour by hand, and when the miller turned on the water he ran for fear tlie mill would fall. The Colonel then traced the successive stages of improve- ment through which the State had passed to her present greatness. Joshua Houser said he came to the State in 1836. It was very thinly settled. He entered forty acres of land five miles south of Wolf Grove. He narrated stories of wolf hunting in early times. He also told of sickness and other privations attending life as an early settler. He was no great hunter, as some of the others were, but could fish successfully then and now. Willia-.n B. Bock came to the county in 1839 and entered land a mile from timber. The neighbors laughed at him, thinking the country would never be settled so far from timber. The President said became to Sai\gamon County, Sept. 30, 1830; walked all the way from Miami Co., Ohio, to Sangamon County, making the distance in twelve and a half days; came to Logan County in 1811. In the winter of the deep snow the house-tops were covered with prairie chickens. The snow was eighteen inches deep, and its long continuance killed prairie chickens by thousands. "When it passed off in the spring Hill's Mil! on Sugar Creek was '71 ^ 240 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. eio-ht feet under water. Pie was at Mt. Pulaski Hill when there was no house there. John Critz canie to Rocky Ford, where Mr. Smith now lived, in ls2T. His father went away and he built a pottery. Mr. Critz told about the deep snow. At that time the prairies could not have been given to him. He had worked in this State for $7 a month and never got more. Mrs. Roll was an eai-ly settler of Indiana. When she first saw this State the prairies were burned black. All had log cabins then with mud chimneys. She settled fifteen or twenty miles from any store. They went to Chicago for salt. , She picked brush and did general work on the farm. Mrs. Roll's remarks drew out much applause. Colonel R. B. Latham was called for from all parts of the house. He was happy to be present, and took great interest in the meeting. He had just been in Colorado for a few days, where he lived the life of a pioneer by sleeping out of doors for two weeks. His father came to Elkhart in 1819; became with his father. Twenty years after he came there was not a lady in the county who would have known how to bake bread in a stove. Was glad to see the desire for education spreading among the peo- ple. He wished to see these meetings continue. Rev. J. R. Lowrance had not been before the people as an old settler. He came to the State in 1830, and had lived here nearly all the time since. There were no railroads when he came. He camped at the foot of the hill below Tostville when there were no houses in the town. He described the old-fashioned process of pounding corn in a hopper; told of a young man who saw a young lady taking a grist of corn to mill, and he was so well pleased with her conduct that he married her. The lady was the mother of one of our merchants. He enumerated what were con- sidered accomplisliraents of the two sexes in those early times. E. D. Carr was elected President, and all the other officers were re-elected. SIXTH REUNION. The sixth meeting was held at the court-house at Lincoln, on Thursday, Sept. 12, 1878. President D. W. Clark called the old settlers to order, and before dinner Jacob Judy and M. M. Albright made short addresses giving their experience as pioneers. The former had been in the State over fifty years, and the latter forty- nine. After dinner the audience re-assembled. The President exhibited a Bible printed in 1798 and an ancient but well-preserved OLD settlers' ASSOOIATION. 241 fleam (lance for bleeding horses) which had been picked up on one of the battle-iields of the Eevolution, in 1776, by James St. Clair, grandfather of Mrs. James Musick. St. Clair hadfserved six years in tlie patriot army, and had taken part in the battles of Lexing- ton, Bunker Hill, Monmouth, the Brandy wine, the capture of Burgoyne and others. He died at Albion, JST. Y., in 1836. Sylvester Strong, of Atlanta, said his grandfather was a Eevo- Intionary soldier under Ethan Allen, and had twice been taken prisoner by the Indians, making his escape from them with diffi- culty. Mr. Strong first came to Illinois in 1834, by way of Cairo; came north to Pinckneyville with a companion, and the two there bought ponies and journeyed on to this vicinity. Near the present site of Lincoln they saw two wolves and a herd of fifteen deer. In the fall of 1836 he entered the land comprising his present farm, a mile south of Atlanta. Rev. J. H. Bates, of Lincoln, said he came to near Jacksonville, in the spring of 1880. Jacksonville was tlien a little town with but one brick house, and the adjacent country was very sparsely inhabited. The following winter was that of the deep snow. Com- ing, as they had done, from a Southern State, they thought this a rough introduction to Illinois. That winter they had great diffi- culty in getting meal. With others he once made a trip with a sled and three or four yoke of oxen to Exeter Mills, fifteen miles away. The drifts were so deep they went over at least one fence without knowing its exact location. The next summer a wolf was chased through Jacksonville. In August, 1830, the Bradshaws and himself passed within a half mile or so of the present site of Lincoln on their way to a point about forty miles this side of Chicago. He wished his hearers to imagine the changes that might follow in the next fifty years. "What reason had we to sup- pose that the improvement of the next fifty yeai-s would be less than that of the past fifty? William M. Bnckles said he was born in 1814 in this State. He could, if he chose, tell many stories of pioneer life. He could truthfully say that lie saw more real enjoyment in those early days than now. He thought the march of improvement had about reached its limits, and that in religious matters we were not so far advanced as we were twenty-five years ago. In response to an in- vitation to tell some of his experience, he related how he acquired the name of "Raccoon Billy." He had gone with a brother-in-law to hunt 'coons. They treed one, and it became his duty to cut a ^- ~s V -^ 242 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. hole in the tree at a point about six feet from the ground. Stand- ing on a fallen tree, he peered into the hole made by his ax and finally worked his head into the opening. Just at this moment his feet slipped off the log and he hung by his neck, to the vast entertainment of his brother-in-law who was so conviilsedby laugh- ter as to be incapable of helping him. While he was struggling to catch a foot-hold he saw the eyes of the 'coon which seemed to emit a green light in the darkness of the hollow tree. Ultimately he caught his toes on the log and after a painful effort extricated himself from his awkward position. The ofiicers chosen for the following year were: President, Jacob Judy; Vice-President, 0. C. Ewing; Secretary, Captain Frank Fisk; Assistant Secretary, W. P. Kandolph; Committee on Arrangements, John Hepperly, E. G. Lawrence and James M. Larison. The following communication, written by Charles S. Capps, of Mt. Pulaski, and giving interesting glimpses of the early history of that thriving town, was read by Captain Fisk: " Jabez Capps was born in London, England, eighty-two years ago last Monday, and came to America in 1817. In the fall of 1818 he and his brother Ebenezer walked from Louisville, Kentucky, to St. Loiiis, where they remained during the winter, and in the spring of 1819 they walked to Sangamon County. Jabez Capps taught the first school ever taught in that county, on the south fork of Sangamon Kiver, in 1820; he also taught the first school in Springfield, in the old log court-house. He was one of the first settlers of Springfield, then called Calhoun. "I was born in Springfield in January, 1830, and have (with the exception of one summer spent in Europe) passed my whole life in Central Illinois. I have had good opportunities of know- ing something of pioneer life; but being entirely unaccustomed to public speaking, I think I can express myself better and make my remarks more interesting by making a few notes from memory. My earliest recollections are of my father's, Jabez Capps, pioneer store at Springfield, where he used to dispense goods, both wet and dry (as was the custom of the times), to the early settlers and to the Indians in exchange for peltries, etc. "In the year 1836 he removed with his family toMt. Pulaski, where he was the first and, in fact, for several months, the only settler. He had built a log cabin on the site of the present post- ofiice building, and put in a small stock of goods; the cabin, when s ^ " n > OLD settlers' association. 243 I first saw it, was not chinked and daubed {i. e. the cracks between the logs were open), and as he lacked clapboards enough to cover the roof, there was a space about a yard square left open. My uncle, John Stafford, and I were left in charge of the store. Prairie grass was cut in front of the store and placed in a heap on the floor, and this with some blankets constituted our bed. There came up a storm one night which wet us thoroughly. Our cooking, until mother came, was done in a sand hole over which some lumber was put to season; this sand hole had formerly beeu a wolf den. We toasted our bacon by putting it on the end of a sharp stick and holding it over the fire. "Our nearest neighbor lived two and a half miles north on Salt Creek. My father had a sugar hogshead which he used as a smoke- house. One night a pack of wolves, smelling the meat, gathered around the smoke-house and howled for several hours. A family of skunks took up their quarters under the house and were quite tame; they were finally trapped and killed, though I do not think they deserved their fate, as they seemed quite harmless. " I remember seeing mother sweeping the floor one day; she stooped hastily to pick up what she thought was a calico apron, but which, on closer inspection, proved to be a large rattlesnake coiled. She dispatched it speedily with the broom handle. "A cabin was afterward erected on the side of the square by Jerry Birks, in which we lived for a short time. One night when father was away from home, prairie fire ran through the town and set fire to our cabin. Mother had considerable difiiculty in saving the city, there being no fire company organized, and no water nearer than the spring, a quarter of a mile away. The tire con- sumed our haystack, which was on a platform on forks six or seven feet high . "People lived in a very primitive manner in those times. The clothing was mostly home-spun and home-made; instead of coats we had 'hunting shirts and warmuses,'as they were called, a kind of loose blouse made of home-made jeans or linsey. Many of the farmers made their own shoes, and all did their own cobbling. The women and children were clothed mostly in home-made linsey and flannel; a few had calico dresses made as narrow as the ' pull backs' of the present day, for in those times six yards was all that was required for a lady's dress. Sunbonnets made of calico and pasteboard were the prevailing head-dress. Shoes were rarely used in summer except to wear to meeting or a visiting. — w -» a \ > l^ 244 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. "The cookino; was done in a fireplace, there bein* no such thing as stoves in use then. An iron crane set in the side of the chim- ney and provided with hooks for suspending kettles, etc., was made so as to swing out over the hearth and back over the fire. Bread, cakes and pies were baked in iron ovens with legs to give room for coals beneath, and a lid with a rim to hold coals on top; this with a skillet for frying meat, a dinner-pot and tea-kettle con- stituted the outfit of our mothers for cooking. '• Game was plenty and cheap. We used to pay 25 cents per dozen for quails, 15 cents per dozen for prairie chickens, and 50 cents to $1 for a saddle of venison — the hind half of a dfeer. I boarded with a family one term of school whose daily bill of fare was corn dodgers without butter, fat bacon fried in grease, and rye cofiee minus the sugar, but we had good appetites and en- joyed it. "By the way, I will try to describe our school-house; it was called 'Brush College;' our worthy chairman will recollect it well. It was a most primitive structure, not a particle of iron or glass or sawed lumber used in its construction; it was built of logs with the cracks daubed with mud; the roof was of clapboards kept in place by weight poles, which were pinned fast to the wall; the door was of clapboards and had wooden hinges and a wooden lock, with a buckskin latch-string hanging out. Logs had been left out on each side for windows. These openings were dressed smooth with the ax, and perpendicular pieces of wood set in at intervals of ten or twelve inches for sash. On these was pasted paper which was greased to make it more transparent. The desks were of hewed pi;ncheons set slanting on pins driven in the wall under the win- dows; the seats were made of puncheons or slabs hewed out with the ax, with wooden pins for legs. We sat with our backs to the teacher, so as to face the light and the desks. The floor was of puncheons; the chimney was made of sticks and mud, the jambs reaching about half way to the dirt hearth inside; the hearth was large enough to hold a quarter of a cord of wood. In cold weather a large fire was kept up, built against a huge back-log, to put which in place required the united strength of the master and several of the larger boys. Mr. Hackney, father of Jacob Hackney, was our first teacher. I recollect as schoolmates the Downing, Patterson, Parks, Fletcher, Morrow, Allen, Jackson, Harry and Laughery boys and girls." OLD settlers' association. 245 SEVENTH REUNION. Tliere was a light attendance at the meeting held at the conrt- honse at Lincoln, September 10, 1879. President Jacob Jndy, of At- lanta, called the meeting to order at 2 o'clock, and R. C. Maxwell was made Secretary. A few minutes were spent in examining some relics — a newspaper printed in the year 1800 ; some buttons eighty years old; a snuffbox about 300 years old; and an antique tea-pot in good state of preservation, and said to have been made about the year 1350. All the articles, except the newspaper, were shown by Mrs. William Rankin, and were heirlooms. Some inter- esting speeches were then made. Rev. John England thought it a pity that the temperance con- vention and old settlers' meeting should come on the same day, thus conflicting with each other. The purpose of this meeting was to revive old memories and to show the rising generation how the foundations of our civilization were laid. His father, with two brothers-in-law, had come to near St. Louis from Ohio in 181T, and the next year came to a point nine miles from Springfield, where they opened up farms. Mr. England then eulogized the sterling good traits of the early settlers. Rev. A. H. Goodpasture said he loved the people. He was a pioneer preacher. He crossed the Illinois in 1836, and the only evidence of civilization in this vicinity tlien was at Postville. In his early preaching experience in the military tract he saw some hard times, but never missed getting something to eat but once. He told some humorous experiences of the hard times attending circuit-riding in early days. He thought it an honor to be an old man. He hoped to meet them all in the world to come. D. W. Clark said he missed many who were with them when these meetings first began. Some had doubtless been hindered from coming, while many had gone to the unseen land. Mr. Clark revived the memories of early days, telling, among other things, of walking out from Ohio, a young lady being the attrac- tion, and a marriage the result. He had been keeping house for nearly fortj'-eight years, and there had never been a death in the house. Norman Sumner said he was hardly an old settler, as he came here in 1849. The first house he ever lived in had not a piece of iron about it, and no glass. It was common to attend log-rollings and house-raisings for twenty or twenty-five days of each season. -^2= 246 HIS'JOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. He then described the mode ot building log cabins, and reviewed at some length his early experience in Ohio. Col. E. B. Latham said he had attended most of the meetings and nearly all had heard him relate his experience. He then gave the date of his coming to what is now Logan County, his father having been of the very earliest settlers. In 182i his father went to Peoria, where he was Indian agent. He thought tbe change from those times to the present a beneficial one, and spoke point- edly of the educational advantages now enjoyed. We should teach our children to so live that they coald benefit the generation fol- lowing them. For the ensuing year, D. W. Clark was chosen President; Colonel E. B. Latham, Vice-President, and E. C. Maxwell, Secretary. EIGHTH REUNION. The citizens of Mt. Pulaski made elaborate preparations to ac- commodate all who should attend the gathering of pioneers at that place on Thursday, August 12, 1880; and on the day appointed they had their reward in a magnificent attendance and in the most pleasant meeting by far that the old settlers had yet held. All who settled in Illinois prior to 1840 were considered "old settlers." The secretary and his assistants enrolled 200 or more of these, part of whom were pioneers or "deep snow" men and women, having settled in Illinois prior to the famous winter of the deep snow — 1831. All who were old. settlers simply were supplied with a ribbon badge bearing the words: "Pioneers of Illinois'. State organized in 1818. Eeunion and barbecue at Mt. Pulaski, 111., Aug. 12, 1880." Those who have been here since 1831 were considered pioneers, and were in addition to the badge presented witii a handsome cane. The meeting was presided over by D. Ward Clark, and in the absence of Secretary E. C. Maxwell, Charles S. Capps acted in that capacity. All arrangements had been made by a committee con- sisting of S. Linn Beidler, M. Wemple and W. P. Sawyer. The gathering was held in the park which surrounds the old court- house, where a large platform and an ample number of seats had ' been provided. After the usual opening exercises, Major M. Wemple delivered a pleasing address of welcome. The oration of the day was deliv- ered by Eev. D. P. Bunn, of Decatur. He was born in Ohio and ^ OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. 247 came West in 1836, locating first at Blooinington, going afterward to Iowa City, Iowa, but returning to Illinois soon after, He spoke of the old wooden mold-board plows and how bad thev were about "kicking," detailed from personal experience many of the hard- ships of the pioneer's life, and spoke in affectionate terms of the old settlers who had passed away, naming several who had been especially well known. He dwelt at some length upon his first impressions of the country and the hearty hospitality of the peo- ple of the early times ; spoke of the idea of the earliest settlers that the prairies would never be settled, but would remain perma- nently as public pasture lands; of going sixty miles to mill, taking a week to make the trip; of old " Brush College," a name given to the school-house on Salt Creek in which he used to teach, which was built of round logs; of its greased paper windows and slab writing desks; and named some of the pupils of the olden time. He spoke of some of the old settlers who were still living, praising their honesty, hospitality and industry, and closed with an espe- cially fervent and impressive peroration. Eev. Isaac Kretzinger made a half an hour's speech, and then dinner was announced. The old people were invited to a long table where was spread a vriety of good eatables, including sev- eral roast pigs and sheep. The ox, which was to have been roasted whole, was cooked by steam, and m'^de so tender that it would not hold together for roasting, hence it went in as boiled. The dinner was an excellent one. The general public brought their own lunches in baskets, and spread them in the shade. Among the relics not exhibited before were a pitchfork over 100 years old, a sickle thirty-nine years old, a pair of pot-hooks 100 years old, a piece of carpet forty-five years old, still in use; a hoe over 100 years old, a couple of bunches of hemp grown in 1836, a baby's dress seventy-one years old, a rocking-chair made in North Carolina seventy-five years before, in which four generations of one family had been rocked, and a deed written in a queer hand on parchment, dated May 3, 1585, from Lord Baltimore 1 1 Edward Day, and conveying 1,000 acres of land. Letters were read from James Dangherty, Mrs. Mary Buckles and John Buckles. The first named lived in Peoria County at this time; the two latter re- sided near Mt. Pulaski. Mrs. Buckles's letter was as follows: " I will give you a little sketch of the old settlers' times when I came here. When I first started out to find a home I rode about 800 miles on horseback and carried a child. We moved out here a »" ifT 248 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTy. in 1822, and lived that winter by the mouth of the lake. The house we lived in was made of logs split and notched at the end and laid together. The way we got our bread in those days, we had to beat the corn into meal, and then make our bread and boil our hominy. " We came to Illinois in October, and I never saw the face of a white woman till in March, except my step-mother. "We moved in the spring upon the lake, where Jerry Buckles lives now. We lived in the Frontier house until my husband died. I have seen as many as 100 Indians camped together down where William Buckles lives. The Indians used to stop at our house when they were out hunting and want something to eat. Sometimes my husband would be away from home, and just me and the little children there. It would make my very heart ache, but I always gave them something to eat to get shut of them. "When we came through Springfield there was but one store, and that was Major Iles's. We got our first grindings at Bufi'aio Hart and Elkhart. It was ground by a horse-mill. My husband volunteered and went to the war to fight the Indians in 1826, and I was left alone with five little children — not a man on the place. I was thus left from one week to five lots of times. Elizabeth Ann Copeiand was the first child I had born in this county. She was born May 3, 1824. I had an aunt who died in March, 1824. Tiie way they made her cofiin, tliey cut a walnut tree down on the place where we lived, and dug it out and buried her in it. She was interred at William Buckles's graveyard. We raised a large family of children, and for fourteen years never had a doctor in the house. I had fifteen children and raised fourteen till they were grown and married. There are twelve now living, and I have seven- ty-three grandchildren and sixty-seven great-grandchildren living. In those days we clothed our children bj' spinning and weaving. We wove coverlets, blankets, jeans, flannel, and everything that we wore. Instead of pianos, organs and sewing machines, we had poms and spinning-wheels. We did all our own coloring. Children had no chance to get an education in those days, as we only had three-months school in the year. We had no preaching for a long time after we came here, and the first preaching I ever heard was at old Grandfather Turley's; then the next we opened our doors for meeting. We were not particular what denomination preached. We opened our doors for all. Bob Foster was the first who held a three-days meeting at our house; then A. J. Kane, of Springfield, 249 had a three-days meeting out under the shade trees. Folks were not as particular then as they are now, for they would come from Buffalo and Sangamon and from all around. We couldn't set as fine tables then as people do now, but we always had plenty to eat. I have had from eighteen to twenty persons to stay all night with us when they came up to meeting. Now if I were young again and had a family to raise, and knew there was such a country as this, I would be willing to go through it all again. Although I had a very hard time, I never regret it on account of my children. Before I took this last spell of sickness I was able to walk from a half a mile to a mile. "When I pass away from this world of trouble, I hope I will be in a world of rest. These are a few items of the way we lived and had to do in the early days. I was born in Georgia in 1803, and am now going on seventy-eight." From Mr. Buckles's letter we extract the following; " Where you now see nice houses, abundant fields of corn and other grain, green pastures where various kinds of domestic ani- mals are quietly grazing, was once a trackless prairie. Standing at this point you might have seen the smoke curling from the mud chimneys of two or three little log cabins scattered along the mar- gin of the lake timber. I was reared in one of these cabins, which was constructed without a nail or a board, aild the chinks between the logs were the only windows. Of the present luxuries we had none, i never saw a cook stove until I was nearly grown. The cooking was done at the fireplace, which was about half the width of the cabin, and which took Kuge logs for fuel that we were obliged to roll in at the door. Our cooking utensils were mainly the pot and the gridiron, and the kettle oven in which to bake bread. We had no machinery of any kind except the loom and spinning wheel. With these we manufactured the cloth from which our clothes were made. Work was performed by main strength, and with bare hands, thus our bread was truly earned by the sweat of our brow. It was a rare thing to see a man with a pair of boots, and boys didn't wear pants' until they were about grown; they wore instead long homespun aprons. "Young men, we didn't have kid gloves, as yon do, to put on our hands, buggies to ride in, nor tine horses to drive. Our kids were those that nature gave us, tanned by the sun and hardened by toil. Our legswere our buggies, with the springs in the heels. Horses we had none, but sometimes we rode an ox with our fair lady on behind us. The young ladies of that day didn't wear silks J Is 5p* -^ 250 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNXr. and ruffles, nor friz and ban» tlieir hair; they were content with a linsey-woolsey dress, made by their own hands. The loom was their piano, and the spinning wheel their orp'an, and the music was just as sweet, if not sweeter, than we hear to-day on a $500 piano or a costly organ, and I am quite sure the playing was much more proiitable. They didn't punch holes in card-board and sew them up again with silken threads, but ' worked ' honest button holes in their brother's Sunday coats, made of jeans, and knit com- fortable socks instead of crocheting useless nicknacks. They sought the washtub and broomhandle for exercise. Girls of the present day would almost faint at the sight of such things." Mr. Buckles's letter closed with an appeal for prohibition of the liquor traffic, expressed in such terms as to elicit three cheers from the audience. There was then read a communication concerning Jabez Capps by his son, Charles S. Capps. Rev. John Wilson, of Macon County, who came to this State in 1816, made an amusing address of a few minutes. Major John F. Miles, who was born near Mammoth Cave, Ky., and came to Illinois in 1820, was next called upon and gave some very interesting reminiscences. Judge John J. McGraw, of Clinton, followed with an account of his early ex- periences in this State. He was born in South Carolina, moved to Alabama, then to Louisiana, afterward to Kentucky, and finally to Illinois, coming to the State in 1830. His reminiscences were quite interesting. Among other things he mentioned living with his family in a stable belonging to Martin Scott, near "Waynesville, the first summer after coming to the State; and picking up an old sickle which was among the relics, he made a strong point by comparing the work of that instrument of less than fifty years ago with the self-binder of to day. Other speeches were made by E. H. Robb, of Waynesville, Eev. D. P. Bunn, D. W. Clark and Samuel McGarvey. The officers for the ensuing year were then chosen: President, D. W. Clark; Vice-President, Col. R. B. Latham; Secretary, Captain F. Fisk. NINTH EEUNION. On Tuesday, Sept. 6, 1881, between 3,000 and 4,000 persons at tended the reunion held at the Atlanta fair grounds. People were invited from McLean, Tazewell, Logan and De Witt counties, and the four counties were well represented by old settlers, many of whom had seen the winter of the "deep snow." Judge Scott, of A 251 the Supreme Court, an old settler, well and favorably known in Central Illinois, presided. He delivered an address that dealt largely with pioneer life as exemplified in the settlement of this State, and his effort was greatly appreciated. Honorable George W. Minier followed with a lively address fall of anecdotes of his experience in early times. He spoke of the corn-dodger as a staple article of food in those days, and said he was told that dodgers were so called because they were scraps of bread which had dodged the cat and dog and everything else and had finally got on the table. However, lie did not seem to indorse this slander upon a good though old-fashioned article of food. He spoke of Governor Moore as the originator of our first system of public instruction, a system which he remembered reading with care in 1838. He then spoke of the introduction of the natural sciences into the schools and the part he had himself taken in se- curing that result. The common schools, he said, were so good that our colleges needed to be amply endowed or our boys and girls would finish their education in the public schools. He thought school-teaching the most important of the professions. Keferring to the log cabin and its relics, Mr. Minier said he had a cane cut from near the tomb of Washington and the portrait of one of the earliest settlers of the county (Peter Logan), which he wished to place in that repository. In the afternoon Governor CuUom arrived from Springfield and made a speech. He spoke of the traits of character of the early settlers of Illinois and contrasted their sociable ways with the hurrying, unsociable life of our modern cities. He spoke of the changes which had come over the State, and said the log cabin, to which he pointed, represented the life of the pioneers, though it was much better than most of them had. His father's first house was a double cabin built of unhewn logs in 1830, the year before the "deep snow." Tazewell County, in which his father lived, had been organized only three years then. Sangamon County was established in 1821, and included much of the central part of the State, reaching up nearly to La Salle. He was "raised" on a farm, and had he known that in a few years he could have rode and plowed, rode and planted, rode and sown and rode and reaped, he would have remained on a farm. He quit farming because he did not like so much walking. He could mow, but cradling was harder work than he could stand. He told of feeding 125 head of cattle for his father one bitter winter, the last 16 .FT 252 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. he spent on the farm, referring to John Buckles, of Mt. Pulaski, for proof of his assertion that chopping corn-stalks out of the ice and hauling them to cattle was hard work. He told his father he could not stand such work and went to Springfield to study law. Without any intention of giving them "taffy" he thought the farmers of Illinois were to be envied for their grand opportunities and the independent position they occupied. TENTH REUNION. The " biggest time " that the old settlers have yet had was in 1882, when they held a barbecue at Mt. Pulaski, on Wednesday, Sept. 13, 1882. The formal exercises were held in the public square, where the space had been fenced in for the old settlers with ropes. The stand was erected at the west front of the old court- house, where the interlacing catalpas made a grateful shade. Upon a table were displayed a few relics of old times, mainly in the form of home-made linen and coverlids, one of the latter 120 years old. A primitive stove, said to be fifty years old and the first ever used in this county, was also shown. The oldest person present was a Mrs. Hilliard, of the vicinity of Lake Fork Station, 101 years of age. The morning speeches were delivered by Colonel E. B. Latham, of Lincoln, and James H. Matheny and E. W. Diller, of Spring- field. The meeting then adjourned for dinner. All the south side of the square was filled with tables, making a total length of 3,000 feet or more. Contrary to the usual practice of barbecues, these were carefully set, and were fitted with dishes and everythino- necessary for a good dinner. There was no lack of meat, as the enormous steam chest had done duty in cooking six and one-half beeves, twelve hogs and thirteen sheep. Other supplies were fur- nished in proportion. The steam chest was sixteen feet long, seven high and seven wide, made of common pine flooring, with five sets of grates or shelving, made of two-by-four oak, upon which the meats were placed. A forty-pound pressure of steam was turned on the first batch at a little after 2 o'clock Tuesday after- noon (the day before the meeting), and the chest was opened at about 7, showing the meat thoroughly cooked. A second batch was cooked between 9 and 12:30 o'clock, immediately after. The chest having"been steamed for several days previous, no wood taste was perceptible in the meat. No raw meat was found as usual in roast barbecues. The coffee question seemed a very ee- A_^ OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. 253 rious one to all, as apparently no preparation was in sight of its making. But a surprise followed when it was discovered that a turn of the steam pipe was made from the steam chest to an eighty- gallon hogshead of ice water, which gave, in ten minutes, that many gallons of boiling coflfee. In all about 400 gallons were carried to the tables. The result of this generous preparation and careful attention to details was that the tables were quietly iilled, time after time, and all who came were amply provided for. In the afternoon speaking was resumed by Judge Lacey, Gen- eral Oglesby, Colonel Hough, Major John T. Stuart, Rev. C. J. "White and others. There were 1,300 old settlers and pioneers on the register, and it is thought many failed to report. The total attendance was estimated at 15,000. ELEVENTH EE UNION. Much less showy, but equally enjoyable, was the reunion held at Mt. Pulaski, Sept. 12, 1883. Governor Hamilton and other dis- tinguished parties had been invited but did not appear. There was little or no formality about the meeting, impromptu speeches being made by President D. W. Clark, Rev. John England, David Rudolph, Jacob Judy, D. Patterson, Albertus Barger, Fred Joynt, Colonel R. B. Latham, Joshua Day, Captain Frank Fisk and others. A good picnic dinner, including barbecued meats, etc., was served, and badges and canes were distributed as usual. The old officers, with L. B. Scroggin as Treasurer, were re-elected. TWELFTH EETJNION. Mt. Pulaski has become a favorite place for the old settlers' meetings, as they are always sure of a good time in that pleasant town. Two days were set apart for the 1884 gathering, Wednes- day and Thursday, Sept. 10 and 1 1, and all who would remain the two days were entertained hospitably. A few tents had been put up in the public square, and a stand had been erected large enough to accommodate the officers of the organization and all the " snow birds," as those who came to the State or were born in it prior to the winter of 1830-'l were termed. Wednesday was extremely hot, but it was estimated that 5,000 people were in attendance. Elder John England spoke in the forenoon. In the afternoon Hon. Carter H. Harrison, of Chicago, delivered an address, and was fol- lowed in short speeches by John Campbell, of De Witt County, and Messrs. Fred Joynt and Joshua Day, of this county. =ijv^ 254 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. On Thursday about half as many were present, though the day was much pieasanter. Short speeches were made in the forenoon by Eobert Humphrey, of Lincoln, and Major M. Wemple, of Mt. Pulaski. A business meeting was also held at which the officers of the preYious year were re-elected. A new constitution was adopted, and, for the first time, vice-presidents were elected for all the townships in the county. This new constitution pro- vides that the vice-presidents shall meet the last .Saturday before the 4th of July each year to decide upon the time and place of holding the reunion. In the afternoon addresses were made by Hon. J. H. Howell, of Bloomington, member of Congress from this district, and S. L. Wallace, of Lincoln. President Clark then gave way to Major M. Wemple, who had been requested to take charge of the distribution of a number of presents. First was an elegant upholstered rocking-chair for the' oldest person present. This was of course given to Mrs. Elizabeth Hill- iard, who was present. She was born in either 1781 or 1783, as is shown by the rather dimly written record in the family Bible. She has an older sister, Mrs. Peggy Arnold, yet living in Eoss County, Ohio. With Mrs. Hilliard on the stand was her daughter, Mrs. Crouch, seventy-three years old. ' John M. Campbell, of De Witt County, and Eobert Downing, of Logan County, both claimed the gold-headed cane designed for the oldest man among the settlers present. The latter of the two was finally awarded the cane. A silver goblet for the mother of the most children was awarded to Mrs. James Devers. A vase to the oldest woman present born in the county was given to Mrs. George Turley, sixty-three years of age. A jack-knife for the oldest settler who had killed the most deer was awarded to Roland Birks; one for the most successful turkey hunter was awarded to Len. Scroggin. A year's subscription to the Mt. Pulaski Citizen was given to William Buckles as the man who first drove an ox team over the hill. A table-cloth was given to Mrs. William Copeland, the heaviest lady present. Her weight was 365 pounds. A toilet set was awarded to Miss Amy Capps as the handsomest young lady present under nineteen years of age. A briar-root pipe for the oldest gentleman smoker went to Will- iam Buckles, while the pipe for the oldest lady smoker was awarded without question to Mrs. Elizabeth Hilliard. OLD settlers' association. 255 Jabez Capps, who had bought liogs on the hill forty-five years before, was given a carriage-whip as the oldest stock-buyer, and L. K. Scroggin received another whip for being the first man to drive stock to market Irom the hill. A picture frame for the handsomest baby was assigned by a special committee to John C. England's child. A year's subscription for the Mt. Pulaski Ivmes went to Mrs. Miller Copeland as the first child born in Logan County. A hat to the man working longest at one place was given to David Lan- dis, and a worsted dress to the woman working longest at one place to Anna Godfrey. John Schick was given the present intended for the handsomest young man, and William Baker a pipe as the oldest settler from Christian County. Jabez Capps was given a present for being the oldest man present. Fifteen of the oldest ladies then took a ride around the square in a wagon drawn by oxen, and thus ended the day. THIRTEENTH REUNION. The thirteenth annual meeting of the Old Settlers' Association of Logan Coubty was held in Lincoln, Aug. 26, 1885. The attend- ance was not, of course, up to that of the monster gathering held at Mt. Pulaski in 1883, but was, nevertheless, very large. The pioneers, distinguished by their white badges, were out in strong force, and their familiar faces carried the thoughts of all back to the time when there were no railroads and no telegraphs in the State. The weather was simply perfect, being just at the right temperature for comfort, though too cool to suit the lemonade venders. The programme opened with music by Hoover's Band, followed by the reading of the programme for the entire dayMDy the Presi- dent. Prayer was ofi"ered by E.ev. J. A. Chase. Music by Kank- in's Band and then followed an address of welcome by J. T. Hoblit. The response was by President D. "W. Clark, who expressed grati- tude on behalf of the old settlers to the citizens of Lincoln for their preparations and cordial reception, etc. He spoke of the death of Elder John England and Wm. M. Allen, both pioneers. He said the society was organized in 1873. The meetings had always been very enjoyable. He hoped for the maintenance of the society. President Clark came to Illinois in 1830. ^1 15 ^ 256 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The President tlien announced that the speeches in the after- noon would be five-minute talks — "No high-falutin, lawjer- speeehes." He explained, however, that he was not reflecting upon Mr. Hoblit. After music by Hoover's Band, Joshua Day made a ten-minute speech. He came to what is now Nauvoo forty-eight years ago; met old Black Hawk and other Indians; was residing with his brothers on an island opposite Nauvoo in the fall before the winter of the sudden change, when the water rose very high, then came the sudden change and froze the floods, and they had several inches of ice for a floor. He told the rising generation of the hardships of the pioneer, how they often awoke in the morning and found four or five inches of snow on the bed clothing. He re- lated a story of the capture of the proverbial " biggest-coon-you- ever-saw " during the cold spell, which saved him from sudden starvation! He also told a big snake story. The election of officers resulted in the choice of the following Vice-Presidents for the several townships of the county: ^tna, Wm. Donnan; Atlanta, Jacob Judy; Broadwell, Greorge ^W. Reed; Chester, John O'Connor; Corwin, Jeremiah McMullen; East Lincoln, Colonel P. B. Latham; Elkhart, Joshua Day; Emi- nence, Peter Bruner; Hurlbut, Mr. Van Meter; Lake' Fork, Henry Hall; Laenna, Albert Tomlinson; Mt. Pulaski, John Buckles; Gran, W. S. Curry; Orvil, David Bowles; Prairie Creek, T. J. Chesnut; Sheridan, W. H. McMurphy; West Lincoln, John Eeed. The President then called for music and announced that the old settlers would take their stand on the court-house steps and have their pictures taken "all in a bunch." After this there was a dispersion for dinner, and every tree in the square sheltered its family groups, giving that enclosure an exceedingly animated appearance. The speakers' stand and many of the business houses displayed the National red, white and blue, lending additional color and variety to the scene. In the afternoon more speeches were made. David Bowles, of Orvil Township, came to this country early enough to encounter the deep snow. He took a cheerful view of pioneer lifeandshowed that it had its pleasures and enjoyments, in refreshing contrast to the terrible tales of hardship which constitute the reverse side of the picture. J. A. Kestler, of Mt. Pulaski, had been in the county ever since 1818. He thought times were better then than now. He said the 25T greatest hardship in those times was courting the girls. There was only one room in the house, and the old folks would sit and watch the proceedings. It was exceedingly hard on a bashful young man like himself. Captain Frank Fisk, the Secretary of the association, introduced Jabez Capps, of Mt. Pulaski, and made his speech for him. Mr. Capps came to Illinois in 1819, to Logan County in 1836 and was eighty-nine years old. Jacob Judy, of Atlanta, came in 182i. He wedded Mary Musick. Has "only seventy-four grandchildren." Peter Bruner, of Eminence Township, differed from Ml-. Bowles in regard to the early hardships; tliought the times were very hard; he recounted the sufferings from fever and ague and privations by cold weather. Jacob Judy came back and told a brief anecdote which called out considerable laughter. John Hepperly, of Lincoln, related a courting incident. He told of the sadden change. Was working in a saw-mill when it came ; it was sudden as a clap of thunder. Stephen Clarno, now of McLean County, formerly of Elkhart, con- trasted the difficulty of getting the children out of bed these times with the early rising of pioneer days. He proved to be quite an impersonator in his anecdotes. Colonel "W. D. Wyatt came upon the platform merely to exhibit some relics of Father Adam Simon ton, who was not able to attend. Showed an old gourd raised in North Carolina in 1797, used as a powder flask at the battle of Fort Meigs. Showed also a knife used on same occasion to strike the flint. Related a story of an Indian massacre on Kickapoo at the present site of the iron bridge. Daddy Rankin was then called upon, but excused himself and the Rankin Band played a subsitute for Daddy's speech. John Reed, of this city, was introduced as the oldest man upon the ground — a " leetle " older than Jabez Capps, being eighty-nine years old. Colonel R. B. Latham had been in Logan County continuously since September, 1819. Colonel Latham read a list of the oldest settlers and the date of their settlement as follows : James Latham, Elkhart, 1819; Richard Latham, Elkhart, 1819; Robert B. Latham, Elkhart, 1819 ; Ebenezer Briggs, Elkhart, 1819 ; Robert Musick, Sugar Creek, December, 1819 ; John Ste- phenson, Lake Fork, fall of 1820; Charles Turley, Lake Fork, 1821 or 1822 ; James Turley, Lake Fork, 1820 ; Aquila Davis, Lake 258 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. Fork, 1820; John Hamlin, Elkhart, fall of 1819; John Porter, fall of 1819 or 1820 ; James Chaplain, Lake Fork, 1821 ; Robert Buckles, 1822 ; Mr. Birks, 1822; Mr. McClure, Salt Creek, 1823; Samuel Musick, 1823 or 1824; Mr. Long, 1822; John Reed, 1827, one of the oldest settlers, and probably the oldest man in the county. Rev. Keown made a brief speech, especially eulogizing Illinois and rejoicing in his citizenship of this State. He wished that all the old settlers might claim the proud title of thoroughbred " Suckers." Reed Marquart, of Atlanta, invited all the old settlers to come np to the Atlanta Fair on Tuesday following, and promised to give them "an old settler what am an old settler." He had not lived as long as Colonel Latham and some others, but bad lived faster and was about as old. Daddy (Edmund) Rankin came to this country in 1836. Said he had swum every stream between Philadelphia and the Missis- sippi River. He said this was his first speech and that he was seventy-one years old. The following relics were on exhibition : A cane cut in Ohio in 1832, property of Adam Simonton ; officer's commission to Mr. Simonton's father, dated in 1802 ; a bandanna over sixty years old, belonging to E. G. Lawrance; a pitchfork and a Scotch spade, both owned by Hamilton Patterson ; a Russian chopping ax; a pocket- book of 1770, used in Kentucky in the days of Daniel Boone ; an Indian ax, made of stone; a teapot that had been handed down for five generations, owned by Mrs. Rankin; a book that had be- longed to Mrs. Rankin's great-great-great-grandmother. Captain Fisk then addressed his thanks to the old settlers for their attendance. The meeting closed with a benediction by David Rudolph. The attendance in the afternoon was much larger than in the morning, and all present seemed in a happy mood. The meeting was an undoubted success. From the number of badges given out, there must have been considerably over 600 old settlers present. s -• ^ — is Pv^ CHAPTER YI. POLITICAL. Logan County First Whig, then Republican, and Latterly Democratic. — Cursory View of Elections. — Abstract of Elec- tion Returns, with Majorities and Pluralities. The voters of Logan County have always been nearly evenly divided between the two leading political parties. At no time has the county been overwhelmingly Republican, or Whig, or Demo- cratic In many elections some of the candidates on each ticket were successful; still, in general terms, the county may be said to have been reliably Whig during the life of the part}' so eloquently supported by Clay and Webster. Owing to the loss of the early election returns, the exact Whig majorities cannot now be given. The first general election in which the county participated was that of 1840, when William Henry Harrison and Martin Yan Buren were the presidential candidates. The county was carried by Har- rison that year, and also by Clay in 1844, Taylor in 1848, Scott in 1852 and Fremont in 1856. The local Whig tickets were also generally successful, though for the first ten years of the county's history we had no rigid party affiliations, no machine conventions under the iron rule of "bosses," and no disciplinary caucuses, whose decrees must be followed, under penalty of political death. Candidates were run almost entirely upon personal popularity, for local and county offices, and so free was the expression of opinion that a man who received the almost unanimous vote of one town- ship would not have a single follower in any other township. It was sometimes the case that no candidate for a given office carried more than one township, each of the difi'erent townships giving its vote to a difi'erent favorite. This independence continued until about 1850, since when it has not been so general, although it pre- vails to a certain extent even now. The causes of the defeat of the Whigs in 1852 are well known. The anti-slavery people were suspicious of the party leaders, and finally were completely alienated; and the party of Clay and Web- (259) Wr ^^ 260 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. ster, falling into weaker hands after the death of those statesmen, was not only defeated, bnt killed for all time. In 1854 a new party arose on its ruins, and absorbed the strength of the Whigs, the Free-Soilers, and after a few years many Northern Democrats. Since the birth of the Eepublican party this county has given vary- ing majorities for that organization. In the first national cam- paign the Republican party put forward as its first standard bearer General John C.Fremont, the popular "Western hero, who was, however, defeated by the veteran statesman and politician, James Buchanan, nominated by the Democratic convention. A very large vote was polled in this county, Fremont receiving a meager plurality. The American, or " Know-Nothing" party had placed before the people Millard Fillmore, who received a few votes in this county. In the spring of 1857 the first election was held here of which the papers have been preserved. Reuben B. Ewing was then chosen County Judge by 576 votes, against 420 for N. M. Whitaker, and 239 for Andrew McElvain. In the autumn of the same year a full list of county ofiicers was elected, the Eepublican majorities ranging from 134 to 301, in a total vote of about 1,550. In 1858 the Eepublican ticket received pluralities of from seven to 198, in a total vote of nearly 2,500. Party lines were not drawn closely in 1859. A light vote was cast, and the election was not claimed as a victory for either party. In the memorable campaign of 1860, just before our civil war, the voters of the United States were called upon to choose between Abraham Lincoln (Eepublican), Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrat), John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) and John Bell (Union). Through the disagreement of the Northern and Southern wings of the Democracy, Lincoln was elected, though he received but two-fifths of the popular vote. The campaign in Logan County was unusually exciting, and a heavy vote was polled, with this result: Lincoln, 1,729; Douglas, 1,521; Breckinridge, 28; Bell, 4. Lincoln's plurality, 208. The remainder of the State and local ticket received about the same number of votes. In 1861 a number of county ofiicers were chosen, but there was not a sharp political division of the voters, personal popularity be- ing the controlling influence. Some of the majorities were very small. On county treasurer, surveyor and coroner there was bnt one ticket. Nearly a two-thirds vote was polled. In 1862 there was nearly as much interest manifested as in a presidential f =i^ 4> POLITICAL. 261 election. The vote was large and remarkably close. Out of over 3,000 votes, the Republican State ticket received an average ma- jority of less than fifty. For sheriff, A. Mayfield (Democrat) re- ceived eighty-two more votes than A. B. Oorwin (Republican). For coroner, Jacob T. Hackney's majority over "W". A. Coons was but seventeen. Three county oflBcers were chosen in 1863, by Republican majorities of 304, 325 and 329. The next presidential election fell iti the last year of the war. The Democracy placed in the field George B. McOlellan, in oppo- sition to Lincoln, who was renominated. The sentiment of the North being emphatically with the administration, Lincoln was re-elected. In this county he received 1,727 votes, to 1,371 for McClellan. The majority was 356, and the State and county Re- publican ticket received almost exactly the same vote througliout. The Republicans elected the county officers chosen in 1865, by majorities of about 200. For several offices, however, the Demo- crats made no nominations. The following year the Republicans won the greatest victory yet achieved in Logan County, their ticket receiving about 700 majority. The total vote was nearly 3,800. In 1867 two county officers were elected. For treasurer. Ream (Republican) received 513 votes more than McElhiney (Democrat); and for surveyor, Braucher (Republican), 385 votes more than Skinner (Democrat). The reconstruction era brought another presidential contest, in 1868. The Republicans nominated their war hero, Ulysses S. Grant, while the Democrats selected as their standard bearer the eminent New York Governor, Horatio Seymour. Tlie result was a Repub- lican victory. This county went heavily for Grant, giving lioni 2, 515 votes to 1,902 for Seymour, a majority of 613. This was the first presidential election held after the division of Logan County into township^. Eleven of the seventeen townships gave the following Republican majorities: JEtna, fifty-seven; Atlanta, 197; Chester, forty-eight; Corwin, seventeen; East Lincoln, 166; Elkhart, 104; Eminence, 125; Ilurlbut, forty-eight; Laenna, thirty- one; Oran, ten; Orvil, seventy-seven. The Democratic majorities were in Broadwell, ten; Lake Fork, seventy; Mt. Pulaski, eighty- nine; Prairie Creek, five; Sheridan, thirty; West Lincoln, sixty. The majority in this county for the Republican State ticket was rather less than that given to Grant. For circuit clerk, F. C. W. Koehiile received the heaviest majority on his ticket — 854. Tlie Republican candidate for sheriff, Chester B. Jackson, received 7 s- ^ 262 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. but one more vote tlian his Democratic rival, John H. McElvain. The vote for coroner was nearly " straight." The Republicans elected all the connty officers chosen in 1869, by majorities of thirty-fonr to 550, except the county clerk, for which office the Democratic candidate, James T. Hoblit, was pop- ular enough to receive 223 majority over James T. McKinnon. The election returns for 1870 are missing. In 1871 a light vote was polled, but the Republican majorities were the largest ever obtained in Logan County, except in 1873 and 1875, being 623 on congressman-at-large, 736 on treasurer, and 786 on surveyor. From this year on the Republican party steadily lost strength in Logan County. Dissatisfied with Grant's administration, a number of Republi- cans calling themselves Liberals met in convention in 1872, and nominated the distinguished editor and philanthropist, Horace Greeley, Grant having been renominated by the Republican con- vention. Disheartened, or rather hoping to achieve success by fos- tering a division in their rival party, the Democratic leaders, in convention assembled, indorsed Greeley. This was very unsatis- factory to a large percentage of the Democratic voters, who accord- ingly refused to vote on election daj'. A few cast their ballots for Charles O'Conor, the "straight out" Democratic candidate, but they were not sufficiently numerous to influence the result. Grant received an overwhelming majority, not so much by his own popu- larity, as from the half-heartedness of the Democrats in support- ing Greeley. In this county Grant received 2,446 votes; Greeley, 1,814; O'Conor, thirty-nine. The twelve Republican townships and pluralities were: JEtna, eighty-nine; Atlanta, 186; Broad- well, thirty; Chester, seventeen; Corwin, seven; East Lincoln, 135; Elkhart, forty-nine; Eminence, 144; Hurlbut, twenty-three; Oran, thirty; Orvil, twenty-one; Prairie Creek, twenty-five. The five Democratic townships this year were: Laenna, five; Lake Fork, seventy-four; Mt. Pulaski, seventy-two; Sheridan, fifteen; West Lincoln, fifty-eight. As comj.ared with 1868, the Democrats lost iBroadwell and Prairie Creek, and gained Laenna. The Republi- can majorities on State ticket were less than for Grant. For sherifiT, Schafer's majority was only 146; circuit clerk, McGalliard but forty-five. The majority for Green as coroner was 1,971. The Republicans had a " walk-a-way " in 1873, electing their four county officers by such majorities as 713, 778, 1,045 and 1,752. A moderately full vote was polled for an " oflP year." The elec- _±==£^ POLITICAL. 263 tion of 1884 was uncomfortably close for the Eepublioans, who had come to expect large majorities in Logan for all time. Their ma- jority on State Treasurer was 223; on sheriff, 239; coroner, fifty. They recovered themselves in 1875, and elected their treasurer by 830 votes, and surveyor by 949. The centennial year brought with it a political race, unequaled in history for closeness, and doubtful results. The choice was be- tween Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican), Samuel J. Tilden (Dem- ocrat) and Peter Cooper, the candidate for a new political element styling itself the Greenback, or National party. This was never very strong in Logan County, its heaviest vote being two years later. Hayes's vote here was 2,788; Tilden's, 2,595; Cooper's, thirty-nine; Hayes's plurality, 193. The Republicans lost perma- nently Broadwell, Corwin and Hurlbut townships, and carried but eight townships to the Democrats eight; one, Prairie Creek, was tied. Hayes's pluralities were: Atlanta, 163; -^tna, 115; Chester, two; East Lincoln, 100; Elkhart, forty-eight; Eminence, 116; Gran, fifteen, Orvil, ninety-eight. Gn the other side of the political fence were: Broadwell, twenty-one; Corwin, eleven; Hurlbut, twenty-six; Laenna, eleven; Lake Fork, sixty-one; Mt. Pulaski, ninety-five; Sheridan, seventy-seven; "West Lincoln, 176. The Republican majority on the State ticket was a little less than for President. The Democrats elected one of four county officers — James T. Hoblit for State's Attorney. In 1877 the Democrats elected S. A. Foley as county judge, while the Republicans elected their clerk, treasurer and county superintendent. None of the majorities were very large. In 1878 the Republican State ticket received about 160 plurality. The Democrats carried through their congressman and senator and two representatives. The Republicans elected sheriff and coro- ner. In 1879 a treasurer and surveyor were chosen, the Repub- licans winning the former office by a plurality of 369 ; the latter by 733. General James A. Garfield, of Ohio, and Winfield S. Hancock, of Pennsylvania, represented the two great parties in the presiden- tial campaign of 1880. The National party put forward General James B. Weaver, of Iowa, and the Prohibitionists nominated Neal Dow, of Maine. Once more, but for the last time in a con- tinuous line, the Republicans triumphed, and Garfield was in- augurated, to enjoy for a few months the highest office in theland, before his vigorous life was cut short by the assassin's bullet. He Is 264 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. received iu Logan County a plurality of forty-two, in a total vote of over 5,400. The vote was: Garfield, 2,729; Hancock, 2,687; Weaver, 121; Dow, seventy-one. The townships voting for Gar- field were: ^tna, ninety-four; Atlanta, 110; East Lincoln, ninety; Elkhart, fifty-one; Eminence, seventy-nine; Orvil, sixty-eight. The township giving Hancock pluralities were: Broadwell, fifteen; Chester, eight; Corwin, two; Hurlbut, nine; Laenna, fifty-five; Lake Fork, sixty-seven; Mt. Pulaski, fifty-one; Gran, twenty-two; Sheridan, sixty-five; West Lincoln, 154. Prairie Creek was again tied. The election was very close. The Hepnblicans were ahead for President, Governor, Secretary of State and member of the Board of Equalization, and elected one representative and the coroner. The Democrats came out ahead on Lieutenant-Governor and congressman, and elected one representative and the State's Attorney, circuit clerk and sherifi'. The Democracy carried the county by light pluralities in 1882, except that the Republicans pulled through by a handsome ma- jority on coroner, the least important office on the ticket. The warmly contested campaign of 1884, with its disagreeable episodes and its many candidates, is fresh in the minds of all. First nominated was General Benjamin F. Butler, of Massachusetts, by the National party, and afterward by the Anti-monopoly and Labor conventions. The Republican convention at Chicago, in the month of June, nominated James G. Blaine, of Maine, for President, and John A. Logan, of Illinois, for Vice-President. In the same city, a month later, the Democratic convention selected as its nominee for President, Grover Cleveland, of New York, and for Yice-President, Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana. The Pro- hibitionists put forward John P. St. John, of Kansas, and played a very important part in the campaign, to the delight of the Dem- ocrats, and the chagrin of the Republicans. In the State of New York they drew to St. John twenty times the number of votes by which Blaine was defeated in that, the pivotal State. The cam- paign was conducted with unusual vigor in Logan County, and 5,530 votes were polled. Of these Cleveland received 2,863 votes; Blaine, 2,606; St. John, 262; Butler, fifty-two. Cleveland's plu- rality, 257. The Democrats carried 11 townships, as follows: Broadwell, eighteen; Chester, twenty-one; Corwin, two; East Lincoln, thirty; Hurlbut, twenty-two; Laenna, fifty-six; Lake Fork, seventy; Mt. Pulaski, 135; Prairie Creek, six; Sheridan, seventy; West Lincoln, 207. The Republicans carried these six: ^ "c) \^ t POLITICAL. 265 JEtna, 110; Atlanta, 118; Elkhart, forty-four; Eminence, forty- eight; Oran, two; Orvil, forty-nine. The Democrats elected all the county officers chosen this year. ABSTRACT OF ELECTION EET0ENS. The oldest documents on file in the county records relating to elections is an "abstract of votes cast at an election held in the County of Logan and State of Illinois, on Tuesday, the 20th day of April, A. D. 185Y, for one county judge and one justice of the peace for Lincoln Precinct, and two constables for Sugar Creek The record is: Constable. A. S. Bryan Jeremiah Miller. James Musick. . . Jesse P. Bowles. 83 80 48 20 28 2 Precinct, to fill vacancies." County Judge. Reuben B. Ewing 576 156 Andrew Mc Elvain 289 N. M. WMtaker 420 Justice of the Place. Bzeklel Bowman 237 200 John Swallow 37 The following November the voters of the county were called upon to elect a county judge, two associate juctices, a county clerk, a county surveyor, a county treasurer and a school commissioner. The result of that election and each general one since, as shown by the records of the county clerk, are thus summarized: Superintendent of Public Instruction. County Judge. Beuben B.*Ewing 876 ColbeyKnapp 660 Associate Justices. Thomas Nolan 882 Sheldon Parks 880 JohnE. Hoblit 656 Samuel Emmilt 650 County Clerk. John T. Jenkins 927 Joshua F.Edes 636 County Treasurer. Benjamin B. Clark 919 Alexander Leslie 618 County Surveyor. Washington Skinner 840 Conway Pence 706 ScTwol Commissioner. David D.James 883 H. H. Simmons 663 ELECTION OF 1858. State Treasurer. James Miller 1,306 William B. Fondy 1,180 John Dougherty 8 John Reynolds 1 316 283 334 301 301 134 221 136 Newton Bateman 1,310 Augustus C. French 1,176 John Reynolds 8 Congressman. Richard J. Ogleaby 1,315 James C. Robinson 1,174 S.G.Baldwin 6 Representative. William Walker 1,303 G. H. Campbell 1,180 John E. Cummings 7 134 141 133 Thomas J. Larison 1,333 Richard T. Davis 1,225 CoroTier. Nathaniel H. Foster 1,290 M. L. Higgins 1,092 L. M. Higgins 94 JohnL. Clough 3 Township Organization. For 921 Against 400 198 531 ^ 266 HIHTOET ELECTION OF 1859. County Treasurer. Matthew McElhiney 639 Peter J. Hawes 619 B. E. Clark 152 0ounty\8uneyor . ■Washington Skinner... . 735 Conway Fence 660 School Oammissioner. William G-. Starkey 765 Joseph W. CofEman 644 Township Organization. For 983 Against 208 ELECTION OF 1860. President. Abraham Lincoln 1,729 Stephen A. Douglas. .. 1,521 John C. Breckinridge... 28 John Bell 4 Oovernor. Richard Yates 1,732 James C.Allen 1,536 John W. Chickering 24 Thomas M. Hope 4 Lieutenant-Governor. Francis A. Hoffman 1,732 Lewis W. Ross 1,525 Henry C.Blackburn 24 Thomas Shell 4 Secretary of State. Ozias M. Hatch 1,743 George M. Campbell... 1,511 James Monroe 24 B. T. Burke 4 Congressman. James T. Cunningham. 1,741 James C. Robinson 1,498 Robert Gr. Ingersoll 1 Senator. Henry E. Dammer 1,743 Benjamin S. Prettyman. 1,529 Bepresentative. Robert B. Latham 1,839 William M. Springer... 1,443 State's Attorney. Ward McLamon 1,740 SJieriff. Aaron B. Nicholson 1,735 P.D.Cass 1,552 OF LOGAN COUNTY. Circuit Clerk. Joseph C. Webster 1,815 374 A. T. Risser 1,441 Coroner. Theodore Stryker 1,732 213 Ira A. Church 1,519 Constitutional Convention. For 1,716 1,365 Against 351 ELECTION OF 1861. Delegate to Constitutional Convention. 20 75 131 775 308 206 307 331 243 213 396 1,740 173 James H. Hole 1,193 23 E. L. Austin 1,170 County Judge. Reuben B. Ewing 1,178 9 Ezekiel Bowman 1,169 County Justices. John Shoup 3,346 Asa C. Barnes 1,259 William Curry 1,079 County Clerk. John T. Jenkins 1,313 T. H. Hedges 1,003 School Commissioner. Jacob H. Beldler 1,345 F. P. Fuller 1,010 County Treasurer^ Matthew McElhiney... 3,363 Surveyor. Joseph W. Ewing 2,336 Coroner. John P. Boy 2,229 ELECTION OF 1862. State Treasurer. William Butler 1,531 Alexander Starne 1,483 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Newton Bateman 1,533 54 John P. Brocks 1,479 Congressman at Large. Eben C. Ingersoll 1,528 48 James C. Allen 1,480 Congressman. Leonard Swett 1,533 33 John T. Stuart 1,490 Senator. Shelby M. Cullom 1,539 59 Colbey Knapp 1,470 3,346 180 311 235 2,362 3,386 2,229 49 -=• SpV POLITICAL. 267 Mepresentatives. Richard T. Gill 1,526 87 John E. Rosette 1,523 48 A. M. Miller 1,475 Charles A. Keys 1,439 Sheriff. A.Mayfield 1,585 82 A. B. Corwln 1,453 Coroner. Jacob T. Hackney 1,513 17 W. A. Coons 1,496 Ngu> Oorutitution. Rejection of 1,558 803 Adoption of 1,255 Against Art. on Banking.. 1,497 263 For Art. on Banking 1,234 For Art. on Negroes and Mulattoes 1,945 1,476 Against Negroes and Mulattoes...... 469 Against Congressional Apportionment 1,507 269 For Congressional Apportionment 1,238 ELECTION OF 1863. County Treasurer. PeterJ.Hawes 1,263 304 Matthew McElhiney 959 School Commissioner. A.S.Guthrie 1,269 325 Cantine Garrison 944 Surveyor. LeviL. Hatton 1,276 329 Isaac May 947 ELECTION OF 1864. President. Abraham Lincoln 1,727 356 George B. McClellan.... 1,371 Governor. Richard J. Oglesby 1,728 356 James C. Robinson. , 1,372 Lieutenant-Governor. William Bross 1,726 351 S. Corning Judd 1,375 Congressman at Large. Samuel W. Moulton 1,725 345 James C. Allen 1,880 Congressman. Shelby M. CuUom 1,725 350 John T.Stuart 1,375 17 Senator. 351 344 1,717 George W. Minier 1,722 346 JohnB. Cohrs 1,376 Bepresentativei. A. M.Blair 1,728 J. A. Mills 1,722 A. M.Miller 1,372 James W. Patton 1,378 State's Attorney. Henry S. Greene 1,717 Circuit Clerk. Fred C. W. Koehnle 1,812 532 Jacob Yager 1,280 Sheriff. William G. Starkey 1,714 882 Augustus Reise 1,882 Coroner. Norman Sumner 1,728 348 George W. Chowning 1,375 ELECTION OF 1865. County Judge. Reuben B. Ewing 1,585 David T. Littler 1,887 County Justices. Alexander Fisher 1,589 Calvin M. Grapes 1,503 Henry Johnson 1,494 David Vanhise 1,293 County Clerk. John T. Jenkins , 1,589 George Estabrook 1,400 Assessor and Treasurer. Joseph Ream 2,982 2,982 County Surveyor. Daniel L. Braucher 2,916 2,916 County Superintendent. J. G. Chalfant 2,661 2,661 Township Organization. For 1,612 Against 700 ELECTION OF 1866. Congressman at Large. 198 29S 9 180 912 John A Losan 2,241 702 T. Lyle Dickey 1,539 State Treasurer. George W. Smith 2,228 TB99e J PhilliDS 1,551 677 fN^ Li. 268 eiSTOET OF Superintendent of Public Instruction. Newton Bateman 2,234 685 John M. Crebs 1,549 Congressman, 8th District. Shelby M. CuUom 2,228 680 Edwin 8. Fowler 1,548 Legislature. William McGalliard 2,298 818 James C. Conklin 2,194 639 James P. D. Elliott 1,565 "William M. Springer 1,480 Sheriff. Thomas J. Simpson 2,054 378 Lewis Rosenthal 1,676 Coroner. Ira A. Church 2,215 677 William Condon 1,538 ELECTION OP 1867. Railroad Tax. Against 2,084 525 Pot 1,559 County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 2,084 513 Matthew McElhiney 1,571 Surveyor. Daniel L. Braucher 1,998 385 Washington Skinner 1,613 ELECTION OF 1868. President. U.S.Grant 2,515 613 Horatio Seymour 1,902 Oovemor. John M. Palmer 2,513 612 John R. Eden 1,901 Congressman at Large. John A. Logan 2,504 597 Wm. W. O'Brien 1,907 Member Board of Equalization. Teis Smith 2,410 500 ColbeyKnapp 1,910 Congressman, 8th District. Shelby M. Cullnm 2,485 560 Edwards 1,925 Senator 11th District. Aaron B. Nicholson 2,560 713 JohnB. Cohrs 1,847 LOGAN COUNTY. Sepresentatives, 20th District. John Cook 2,470 564 M. Wemple 2,374 844 Silas Beason 2,080 James W. Patton 1,906 State Convention. For 1,802 474 Against 1,828 Circuit Clerk. P. C. W. Koehnle 2,609 854 Joseph W. Ewing 1,755 Sheriff. Chester B. Jackson 2,128 1 John H. McElvain 2,127 Coroner. P. B. Knight 2,485 570 Wm. A. Coons 1,916 ELECTION OF 1869. Members Constitutional Convention. Samuel C. Parks 1,916 838 MiltonHay 1,693 564 Anthony L. Knapp.... . .. 1,134 James O. Bryce 1,077 County Judge. William E. Dicks 1,670 412 Carman W.Clark 1,258 County Clerk. James T. Hoblit 1,684 223 James T. McKinnon 1,361 County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 1,746 550 George Warren 1,196 County Surveyor. Thomas G. Gardner 1,713 478 Joseph W. Ewing 1,235 County Superintendent. L.T.Regan 1,400 34 James G. Chalfant 1,366 ELECTION OF 1871. Congressman at Large. John L. Beveridge 1,367 623 Samuel S. Hayes 744 County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 1,433 786 William R. McMurphy ... 686 County Surveyor. Thomas G. Gardner 1,443 785 Herman Mattfeldt 658 POLITICAL. 269 ELECTION OF 1872. President. Ulysses S. Grant 2,446 632 Horace Greeley 1,814 Charles O'Conor 39 Oovemor. Richard J. Oglesby 2,458 553 GustaTus Koemer 1,905 B.G. Wright 36 Member Board of Equalization. S.D.Fisher 2,470 577 B. H. Gatton 1,893 Congressman, 13th District. John McNulta 2,438 509 Clifton H. Moore 1,914 L.8.Leed8 48 Senator, 2^th District. Aaron B. Nicholson 2,364 380 Edmond Lynch 1,984 Ezra N.Davis 22 Representatives, yith District. Peter J. Hawes 3,698 1,021 Herman "W. Snow 3,586 909 Jacob W Noel 3,003i^ 336>^ L.M. Stroud 2,677 J. Snediker 117 Staters Attorney. Timothy F. Beach 2,289 S.P.Davidson 2,033 Circuit Clerk. Andrew McGalliard 3,194 Samuel M. Pegram 2,149 Sheriff. William A. Schafer 3,229 Hiram L. Pierce 2,088 Coroner. Jeremiah J. Green 8,442 James W. Randolph 1,371 Animals Running at La/rge. Against 1,993 For 1,796 ELECTION OF 1873. County Judge. William E. Dicks 1,914 J.T.Jenkins 1,301 County Clerk. William Toomey 2,439 R.T.Gill 677 256 45 146 1,071 197 713 1,752 County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 1,955 778 Sol. Kahn 1,177 County Superintendent. J. G. Chalfant 1,774 1,045 A. Staggers 729 J. C. Scullin 541 ELECTION OF 1874. State Treasurer. Thomas 8. Ridgway 2,140 223 Charles Carroll 1,917 Superintendent of Public Instruction. William B. Powell 3,127 214 S. M. Etter 1,913 Congressman, 13th District. J. McNulta 2,058 96 A. E. Sterenson 1,957 G. W. Minier 10 Senator. James W. Robison 3,107 485 D. G. A. Railsback 1,632 J.H.Anthony 310 Representatives. Robert A. Talbot 5,513J^ 5,446}i Thomas Wendell 4,810 3,618 G. W. Middlecoff 1,192 Richard Holmes 66 H.L.Sill 26 Sheriff. Solomon Morris 8,146 239 Caleb Lucas 1,907 Coroner. J. J. Green 1,993 50 Solomon Kahn 1,943 ELECTION OF 1875. County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 1,512 880 C.W.Clark 682 County Surveyor. Thomas G. Gardner 1,562 949 T. H. O. Mattfeldt 613 ELECTION OF 1876. President. Rutherford B. Hayes 2,788 193 Samuel J. Tilden 3,595 Peter Cooper 39 Oovernor. Shelbv M. Cullom 3,774 146 Lewis" Steward 2,639 ^fV^ A. — - 270 HISTORY OF LOGAN COaNTT. Lieutenant-Oovernor. Andrew Shutnan 2,786 177 Archibald A. Glenn 2,609 Secretary of State. George H. Harlow 2,796 191 Stephen T. Thornton . . . 2,605 Congressman. Thomas B. Tipton 2,783 143 A. E. Stevenson 2,640 Mepresentative. J.C.Roa3 8,117 177M Thomas Wendell 7,989}^ n. C. Smith 121 >^ Circuit Clerk. T. T. Holton 2,812 220 W. N. Book 2,592 Slieriff. Solomon Morris 2,889 376 Henry B.Drake 2,513 State's Attorney. James T. Hoblit 2,755 111 Oscar Allen 2,644 Coroner. W. W. Howser 2,771 139 Henry Boy 2,632 ELECTION OF 1877. County Judge. S.A.Foley 2,334 277 "William E. Dicks 2,057 County Clerk. William Toomey 2,221 27 James W.Bell 2,194 County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 2,400 391 JohnH. Bell 2,009 County Superintendent. W.H.Derby 3,425 449 William H.EUis 1,976 Funding County Debt. For 3,877 3,562 Against 315 State House Appropriation. Against 3,023 2,229 For 794 ELECTION OF 1878. State Treasurer. .John C. Smith 3,346 149 E.S.Cronkrite 3,197 E. N. Bates 381 Superintendent Public Instruction. James P. Slade 2,346 142 S. M. Etter 2,204 F.M.Hall 368 Congressman. A. E. Stevenson 2,561 211 Thomas F. Tipton 2,350 Senator. A.Mayfleld 2,288 34 J.W.Robison 2,254 G. W.Minier 378 Representatives. D. H. Harts 7,0463^ 3,906 W. K. Hall 3,031 J^ 2,622 G. P. Orendortf 3,140>| 2,731 C. C. Bracket! 1,409 ;i Sheriff. RF.Ayres 3,447 324 W. H.Trainor 2,123 I. R. Ash 312 Coroner. John Evans 2,661 439 W.D. Little 2,223 ELECTION OF 1879. County Treasurer. Joseph Ream 2,127 369 John W. Kline 1,758 John A. Critchfield 81 County Surveyor. Thomas G. Gardner 2,252 733 Wm. G. Webster 1,579 D. L.Braucher 144 ELECTION OF 1880. President. James A. Garfield 2,729 42 Winfield S. Hancock 3,687 James B. Weaver 121 Neal Dow 71 Oovernor. Shelby M. Cullom 2,718 31 Lyman Trumbull 2,687 Alson J. Slreeter 141 Uriah Copp 55 Lieutenant-Oovernor- Lewis B. Parsons 3,700 9 John M. Hamilton 2,691 An.lrew B. Adair 123 J. R. Lawrence 90 Secretary of State. Henry D. Dement 2,725 25 JohnH. Oberly 2,700 J. M. Thompson 120 Samuel Reed 59 ±\i^ POLITICAL. 271 Member Board oj EmioXization,. JohnR. Cusey 2,723 27 W. R. Carle 2,695 D. L. Braucher 191 Congrel^»man. A.E.Stephenson 2,864 138 D. C. Smith , 3,726 J?«pr«se»to(toe. John T. Foster 8,386i^ 3343^ Allen Lucas 8 052 Washington Wilson 3443^ W. B. Hawey 12 J.H.Crandail 3 States Attorney. Randolph B. Forrest 3,093 651 Samuel L. Wallace 3,442 John Henry 1 Circuit Olerk. Thomas T. Holton 3,837 97 George H. Snell 2,740 S. Wallace 1 Sheriff. William Wendell 2,821 68 Richard F. Ayers 2,753 Coron,er. John T. Hoyden 2,943 356 Stephen ZoUars 2,587 ELECTION OF 1883. State Treasurer. Alfred Orendorfl 2,655 137 John C. Smith 3,518 J.G. Irwin 388 Daniel McLaughlin 134 Superintendent of Public Instruction- Henry Raab 3,703 304 Charles T. Stratton 3,499 Elizabeth B. Brown 290 Frank H. Hall 104 Congressman. A.E. Stevenson 3,756 344 Jonathan H. Rowell 2,413 David H. Harts 435 Senator. Jason Rogers 3891 134 Samuels. Jack 3,757 Representatives. John T. Foster 4,508 Vg 416}^ Ambrose M. Miller 4,093 3183^ R. H. Templeman 4,168>^ 395 John H. Crocker 3,773^ State House Appropriation. For 3,4B3 1,049 Against 1,414 Ceding the Canal. For 5,103 4,970 Against 133 County Judge. Stephen A. Foley 2,996 461 Joseph B. Bates 3,535 County Clerk. C.M.Knapp 3,791 10 William Toomey 3,781 County Treasurer. Abram Mayfleld 2,781 39 Joseph Ream 3,742 James Shores 36 Sheriff. William Wendell 2 945 357 Solomon Morris 2,588 County Superintendent. S.M. Guttery 3,890 311 Wm. H.Derby 2,679 Coroner. John T. Boyden 3,063 741 Charles S. Landis 2,333 Jeremiah Simpson 36 ELECTION OF 1884. President. Grover Cleveland 2,863 357 James 6. Blaine 3,606 John P. St. John 362 Benjamin F. Butler 52 Oovemor. Carter H . Harrison 2.887 244 Richard J. Oglesby 2,643 James B. Hobbs 223 Jesse Harper 29 Lieutenant-Qoverwrr. Henry Seiter 2,897 296 John C.Smith 2,603 James L. Ferryman 253 A- C. Vanderwater 31 Secreta/ry of State. Michael J. Dougherty 2,863 257 Henry D. Dement 2,605 Charles W. Enos 256 H.E.Baldwin 51 Member Board of Equalization. Isaac Vanordstrand 2.884 378 Charles F. Emery 3,606 Henry A. Myers 375 .« B ^ 272 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. Gongressman. Cassius C. Clark 2,852 Jonathan H. Rowell. . .2,632 W. P. Randolph 256 D. L. Braucher 46 Bepresentatives. R. H. Templeman 8,204 Charles S. Lawrence.. .4,609X William Grason 2,660j| Dayid H. Harts l,558i^ James M. Graham 134j| John F. Reynolds 65i^ State's Attorney. Robert Humphrey 3,775 Samuel L. Wallace. . . .2,772 Solomon J. Woland... 269 230 3,5941^ 3,051 1,102 Circuit Clerk. E. F.L. Rautenberg.. 3,954 413 William A. Shaffer. . . .2,541 Elias L. Carnahan 380 Surveyor. Thomas 8. Davey 2,876 234 Arthur C. Braucher. . .2,642 Thomas Short 258 Coroner. Walter Birmingham.. 2,832 168 John T. Boyden 3,664 Isaac Acken 364 ^" ^ CHAPTER VII. THE CIVIL WAR. The First Gun.— Springing to Arms. — Patriotism in This County. — First Companies from Logan. — County Action. — Attitude OF the Press. — Sketches of Regiments to Which the County Largely Contributed. — Soldiers' Monument. About daybreak on the 12th of April, 1861, the stillness of Charleston Bay was disturbed by the firing of a large mortar and the shriek of a shell as it rushed through the air. The shell burst over Fort Sumter, and the war of the great Rebellion was begun. In the North the hope had been tenaciously clung to that the peace of the country was not to be disturbed. This dream was rudely broken by the siege of Fort Sumter. The North awakened suddenly to the awful certainty that civil war was begun. There was a deep feeling of indignation at the traitors who were willing to ruin their country that slavery might be secure. There was a full appreciation of the danger, and an instant universal determi- nation that, at whatever cost, the national life must be preserved. Personal sacrifice was unconsidered; individual interests were merged in the general good. Political differences, ordinarily so bitter, were for the time almost effaced. Nothing was of interest but the question how the audacious rebellion was to be suppressed and the American nation upheld in the great place which it claimed among men. Two days after the fall of Fort Sumter Mr. Lincoln intimated by proclamation the dishonor done to the laws of the United States, and called out the militia to the extent of 75,000 men. The free States responded enthusiastically to the call. So prompt was their action that on the very next day several companies ar- rived in Washington. Flushed by their easily won victory, the Southerners talked boastfully of seizing the capital. In a very short time there were 50,000 loyal men ready to prevent that, and the safety of Washington was secured. The North pushed forward with boundless energy her warlike (373) T ^ ft. 274 HI8T0BY OF LOGAN COUNTY. preparations. Rich men offered money with so much liberality that in a few days nearly $25,000,000 had been contributed. The school-teachers of Boston dedicated fixed proportions of their in- comes to the support of the Grovernment while the war should last. All over the country the excited people gathered themselves into crowded meetings and breathed forth in fervid resolutions their determination to spend fortune and life in defense of the Union. Yolunteer companies were rapidly formed. In the cities ladies began to organize themselves for the relief of sick and wounded soldiers. It had been fabled that the North would not fight. With a fiery promptitude unknown before in modern his- tory, the people sprang to arms. Logan County had at this time less than 16,000 inhabitants. With a population mainly devoted to agriculture, who knew noth- ing of war except by history or tradition, it could hardly be expected that a warlike spirit would soon disturb the peaceful population. But we know little of the fire that slumbers in quiet breasts until occasion calls it forth. Under the call for 75,000 volunteers the quota of Illinois was fixed at six regiments. The response was prompt from all parts of the State, and from none more hearty than from Logan County. Being but an hour's travel by rail from Springfield the first company raised in this county was one of the first to be accepted by the United States. From that time on the patriotic county poured forth for its country's services a continuous procession of volunteers, and in all nearly 2,000 enlistments were credited to Logan, or thirteen per cent, of the population, and sixty per cent of the voting strength. The stars and stripes were unfurled in all the principal public and business places in Lincoln, and meetings were held all over the county to express the loyal sentiment of the people. The prompt- ness and unanimity with which Logan County's citizens set about contributing their quota for the Union army will ever be a source of pride and wonder. At this date it seems almost inconceivable that the young farmers, mechanics, clerks and professional men could so soon drop their respective avocations and arrange them- selves by companies and regiments to march at the word of command. Political and other differences seemed completely for- gotten. The first company to arrive at Camp Yates, Springfield, was the Lincoln Guards, commanded by Captain W". D. Wyatt. They left on the 19th of April, on the Alton & St. Louis Railroad, and ^^ THE CIVIL WAR. 275 were met at the Springfield station by the Grays of that place, and escorted to camp. The second company was that, of Captain C. W. Holdeu, the Yates Rangers. These two companies num- bered eighty-four and 120 men respectively, and were in camp in less than a week from the firing on Sumter. Three other compa- nies were in process of formation a week later — a rifle company, a cavalry company and one of naturalized citizens. There was no immediate use for these troops, but it was generally felt that there would be another call for volunteers by the President. The news- papers were foremost in urging the good work. The following is taken from the Lincoln Herald of April 25, 1861: "Fall into Line! — Let not the work of recruiting volunteer companies cease when the regiments now asked for are full. There is every probability of another requisition being made for additional troops in a short time. Let us be ready for all emerg- encies. Let companies organize and drill ail over the State. Fall into line, patriots ! We may all have to go to the war to battle for our country before a peace is conquered, and the sooner we are ready, and the better organized we are, the better for us and our country both." Captain Wyatt's command became Company E of the Seventli Regiment, three-months service; that of Captain Holden, Com- pany H of the Seventh, three-years service (the first six numerals were not used in numbering Illinois regiments in the civil war, as the State furnished six regiments in the Mexican war). The third company accepted from this county was Captain Thomas J. Lari- son's cavalry company, which left the Lincoln station on the 12th of August. It was assigned to the Third Cavalry. Captain G. W. Estabrook led the fourth company into the field, and the fifth was a rifle company raised at Atlanta. Many of the first volun- teers went into companies for other counties. Thus twenty-eight were raised in Mt. Pulaski and credited to a Macoupip County organization. These companies were followed by others at various times, Lo- gan County contributing her full quota. In the summer of 1862 the Government called for 300,000 more volunteers, and accom- panied the call with the significant statement that a draft would be made in delinquent States. Though this intimation was hardly needed in the case of Illinois, renewed eiforts were made all over the country to swell the number of lives already placed at the dis- ^ -^ 276 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. posal of the Union cause. The following appeared in the Herald of Aug. 7, 1862: "Our citizens have about all abandoned business and gone to work organizing companies. Never was excitement so intense. Chicago street has been one cheer and chatter since Monday. The people from the country catch the 'war fever ' on coming to town, and remain during the day, talking about the 'new call' and the ' 300,000 men' that are to be drafted. There is a general good feeling up, and as a matter of course volunteering is in rapid progress." The county authorities were not behind in encouraging loyalty, for the following order was passed by the County Court, Aug. 12, 1862: "/i! is Ordered by the court, in consideration of the recent call of the War Department for additional volunteers, and in order to encourage enlistments and raise a regiment in Logan County under said call, that an appropriation of fifty dollars ($50) be made for the use of every non-commissioned officer and private who shall be a resident of said county and I'oining any company made or making up within this county, and becoming attached to said regiment. "In order to secure the benefit of this appropriation, the Cap- tains of the different companies comprising said regiment will furnish the clerk of this court with a list of the non-commissioned officers and privates of each company, designating in such list the precinct in which they reside, those who are married and those who are unmarried, said appropriation being paid to the family of such as are married, and to such persons as those who are unmarried shall designate by an order filed with the clerk of this court. "For the purpose of meeting said appropriation, the court will levy a military tax at the rate of four (4) mills to the dollar upon the basis of the assessment of each year, which tax may be dis- charged in U. S. Treasury notes or specie, to be collected at the same time and in the same manner as the State and county taxes are now collected. "There will be appointed a county agent, whose duty it shall be to receive from the collector, every month during the time the collector shall be engaged in collecting the revenue for the year 1862 and following years, whatever he may have collected of said military tax, and to receipt for the same, and such receipt shall be a voucher therefor to the collector. Said county agent shall pay l\^ THE OIVIL WAE. 2t7 over to the precinct agents herein designated, or to snch as may hereafter be designated or appointed, as fast as the same shall be received by him the quota to which each precinct shall be entitled, said quota to be determined by the residence of the families of such noncommissioned officers and privates as are married, and of such persons as may be designated to receive the same, by those un- married and without families, as before provided. The receipt of such precinct agent shall be a voucher to the county agent for all payments so made. "It shall be the duty of the agent in each precinct to receive the amount due his precinct from the county agent, and to make equal distribution of the same among the persons hereinbefore designated, and shall take vouchers for all such payments. "The collector, county agent and precinct agents will report quarterly to this court, and at the same time tile their vouchers for all money collected, received or paid out under this order. " It is hereby ordered by the court, that George Musick be, and is hereby, appointed county agent, and also the following named persons are appointed precinct agents, each in his respective pre- cinct under this order, to wit: " Atlanta, Andrew D. Downey; Eminence, William B. Creamer; Sugar Creek, Mathew McElhiney; Prairie Creek, Alex. R. Ches- nnt; Middletown, Thomas Nolan; Broadwell, A. B. Corwine; Elk- hart; James Rigney; Lake Fork, Joshua Day; Mt. Pulaski, John Clark; Salt Creek. Sheldon Parks; Bowles, I. R. Braucher; Madi- son, John E. Downing; Lincoln, Solomon Kahn. "It ia further ordered that said appropriation is made only for the benefit of such non-commissioned oflicers and privates as shall be sworn in and accepted into the service of the United States, and whose names shall have been tiled in the oflSce of the clerk of this court. If any entitled to receive the same shall desert, or be discharged from the service for conduct unbecoming a soldier, the appropriation for his benefit shall thereupon cease." The unusual efforts made in the summer of 1862 resulted in the raising of nearly a full regiment in this county. This was called the " Logan Regiment," and was commanded by Colonel R. B. Latham. The regiment was encamped at the fair grounds near Lincoln, while forming and drilling, and the grounds were dubbed "Camp Latham." This regiment became the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois, and left for the field on the 7th of November, after its ors-anization. r l^ 278 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. By January, 1863, Logan County had furnished about 1,800 men to the war, though not credited with that many in the records of the War Department. These were in the following companies: Colonel Wyatt's company, Lincoln; Captain Holden's, Lincoln; Captain Larison's, Lincoln; Captain Fisk's, Lincoln; Captain Al- sop's, Middletowu; Captain Newton's, Elkhart; Captain Mead's, Atlanta; Captain Estabrook's. Atlanta; Captain Church's, Atlanta; Captain Pegram's, Lincoln ; Captain Shockey's, Elkhart; Captain Vanhise's, Mt. Pulaski; Captain William's, Lincoln; Captain Hart's, Lincoln; Captain Beaseley's, Sugar Creek; Captain Chris- ty's, Atlanta; Captain Brown's, Lincoln; Captain Miller's, thirty men, Lincoln; Lieutenant Searight's detachment, Lincoln, making in all seventeen full companies, of 100 men each, and two detach- ments. The total number furnished during the war was not far from 2,000. Following are historical sketches of the regiments in which there were any considerable number of Logan County volun- teers : TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. This regiment, which contained from the Hrst a respectable number of Logan County men, was organized at Camp Butler, in August, 1861, and Sept. 9 following was ordered to Bird's Point, Mo. Oct. 2 it moved to Fort Holt, Ky., where it remained three months, engaged in the meantime in several marches south and east from the fort. During February and March it was near the Teimessee River and Pittsburg Landing. Here it participated, April 6 and 7, in the great engagement which has been since called the battle of Shiloh. The regiment here suffered severely, and lost 239 in killed and wounded. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth during the month of May, 1862. Minor movements and such duties as railroad guarding occupied the next twelve months. The most serious engagement during this period was that of Mat- amora, on Hatchie Piver, wliere ninety-seven were reported as killed, wounded and missing. The regiment was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg, from June 11 to July 4, 1863. On the 12th of the latter month, near Jack- son, Miss., the Twenty-eighth lost seventy-three in killed and wounded and sixteen prisoners, out of 128 men in line, in a gallant but fruitless assault upon a strong position. The remainder of the year was passed in provost guard duty at Natchez. The regiment re-enlisted tor three years in January, 1864, and in the spring fol- •<" s- ^ THE CIVIL WAE. 279 lowing received its veteran furlough. After this it participated in numerous marches and short excursions, and also was present at the capture of Spanish Fort and Mobile. After the close of active hostilities, the regiment was assigned to duty in Texas until its discharge. From first to last, 1,720 men belonged to this organiza- tion. * THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. In this regiment all of Compan>' B was from Lincoln and vicin- ity. Tiie organization was effected by Colonel John Logan, and the command mustered into the United States service Dec. 31, 1861. Ic moved to Cairo, thence to Bird's Point, Mo., and thence up the Tennessee River, where it bore an honorable part in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, losing forty killed and about 200 wonnded. It was engaged in the advance on Corinth, and pursuit to Cold Water, Miss., afterward returning to Lagrange and Memphis. It camped at Bolivia for a time, and in October moved to Corinth, to re-inforce General Rosecrans. The follow- ing day it was engaged in the battle of Matamora, where it lost seven killed and twenty-nine wounded. It was next engaged in a number of trying marches and minor movements, and in June, 1863, participated in the siege of Vicksburg, afterward marching against Jackson. Most of the remainder of the year was passed at Natchez and in the vicinity. Jan. 23, 1864, the regiment was mnstered as a veteran organization and the month following it was employed in the Meridian expedition, in which it marched nearly 300 miles. In March and April the veterans enjoyed the custom- ary furlough at home; and on re-assembling, they marched to numerous points in Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, where they joined Sherman's army. With that great General, the regiment fought at Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek and Marietta. It then marched with Sherman to the sea, and through the Caroliuas to Washington, being delayed at several points, particularly in the siege of Savannah. The summer of 1865 was spent in the far West in the Department of Missouri, and it was not until Sept. 16 that the regiment was mustered out of the service, after having marched 11,000 miles for Uncle Sam. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. The regiment given this number was organized at Camp Butler by Colonel William P. Carlin, in September, 1861. Company F, — ^ ,€=z 280 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. under Captain James P. Mead, was raised entirely at Atlanta and in the immediate neiajhborhood. The regimeot's first duty was Pilot Knob, where it remained until March 3, 1862. It marched into Arkansas, thence back to Cape Girardeau, Mo., and the last of May was before Corintii, Miss., during the last days of the siege. It was ordered in August to join the army of the Ohio, under General Buell, and at once marched to Louisville, Ky., 500 miles distant. Oct. 8 it fought at the battle of Perry ville, receiv- ing honorable mention afterward in the General's report. The next serious engagement was the battle of Stone River, Dec. 20, 1862, to Jan. 4, 1863, in which the Thirty-eighth lost thirty-four killed, 109 wounded and thirty-four missing. After this it was encamped at Murfreesboro until June. It fought at Tullahoma, and later marched to Stevenson, Ala. Thence it moved into Tennessee, and Sept. 19 and 20 it took an honorable part at Chickamauga, where it lost 180 men out of 300 engaged. During October it was stationed at Chattanooga, and on the 25th it went into winter quarters at Bridgeport, Ala. Feb. 29, 1864, the regiment re enlisted, and April was spent at home, on veteran furlough. On resuming active service, the regimentfirst found the enemy at Pine Top, Ga., and next at Kenesaw Mountain. It was actively engaged in the Atlanta campaign, but its loss was not se- vere. In October it marched in pursuit of Hood, arriving at Chat- tanooga, Oct. 30. It was engaged with the enemy at Columbia, Tenn., Nov. 25 and 26, and at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30. Dec. 15 it was in the charge on Montgomery Hill, and among the first to enter the enemy's works. Joining in the pursuit, it followed as far as Lexington, Ala., and then marched to Huutsville. The next eight months was passed in making a number of arduous marches and minor expeditions, and then the regiment was en- gaged in garrison duty the remainder of 1865. Dec. 31 it was ordered to Springfield, 111., for final payment and discharge. SIXTY-EIGHTH INFANTKY. This was a three-months regiment, mustered into the service June 23, 1862, and discharged Sept. 29. Company H was from Logan County. SEVBNTY-THIRD INFANTKY. CompanyF was contributed by Logan County. The regiment was organized at Camp Butler, in August, 1862, and immediately -f THE CIVIL WAR. 281 became a part of General Buell's army. It fought nobly at Perry- ville and Nashville. It was in every battle fought by the army of the Cumberland from October, 1862, until the rout of General Hood's army at Nashville, and the close of that campaign. The dead of the regiment were left at Perry ville, Murfreesboro, Chick- amauga, Missionary Ridge, and in the succession of battles from Chattanooga to the fall of Atlanta. When Sherman pushed down south, the Seventy-third remained with General Thomas. It formed a part of Opedyke's brigade at -Franklin, which saved the day and gave him his star, and lost its last man killed in driving Hood's army from Nashville. It was more than once compli- mented by its Generals. It lost heavily at Murfreesboro, Chicka- mauga. Missionary' Ridge and Franklin. It had two Majors and two Adjutants killed, and nearly every officer of the regiment wounded, at some time — several of them many times. It left the State one of the largest and returned one of the smallest regiments. Its officers and men, and especially the men, were never surpassed for bravery, endurance and devotion to the country. Probably two-thirds of the organization wasted away, either by disease, death or battles, during the three-years service. ONE HUNDKBD AND SIXTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Regiment was composed of eight companies organized and enrolled in Logan County, one company from Menard County, and one from Sangamon County. The regiment was organized some time in August, 1862, by Colonel Robert B. Latham, and went into camp at Lincoln, 111., where it was drilled and mustered, and otherwise prepared for active tield service. It was mustered into the United States service on Sept. 18, 1862. On the 7th of November, 1862, the regiment left camp under orders for the held, and, proceeding to Alton, III., tliey embarked on a steamer, and on Nov. 10 it arrived at Columbus, Ky., and at once proceeded on the railroad to Jackson, Tenn., when the regi- ment was divided and placed by companies on the line of the Mo- bile & Ohio Railroad, as guards. Here the regiment remained scattered for a distance of 100 miles along the railroad, until about the Ist of March, 1863, when they were reunited and ordered to Bolivar, Tenn. While on the railroad, the several companies became engaged with a detachment of the enemy sent against them from the command of General N. B. Forrest. T 282 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. On Dec. 18, 1862, at a point some fifteen miles south of Jackson, Tenn., Lieutenant Henry Johnson was guarding a trestle bridge with some twenty men of Company C, when he was attacked by a large body of men. Having previously protected his position by a block house, he successfully defended himself and the bridge- killing and wounding eight or ten of the enemy, without lost or injury to a man. On the morning of Dec. 19, 1862, some eight miles above Jackson, Tenn,, at Oarrol Station, parts of companies and G, under command of Captain Pegram, were surrounded and captured. On the 20th parts of companies H and I, under command of Captains Hart and Shockey, were surrounded at the bridge over the Obion Kiver, and after a successful defense of four hours the enemy veas driven back, and this little band was the only point, except Jackson, Tenn., between Holly Springs and Colum- bus, Ky., that was not captured. Here Henry Fox, a Sergeant of Company H, while in the heart of battle, and surrounded by the enemy, ventured to run across the bridge, in open view of the enemy, and carry word to the garrison at Jackson, Tenn., — which feat he successfully performed without injury to himself, and brought relief to the little band at the close of the day. From Bolivar the regiment was ordered to Vicksburg, Miss., about the 1st of May, 1863, where the regiment was engaged in the invest- ment and bombardment of the place. During this period the regi- ment was on a march up to Sargent and Snyder's Bluffp, and were compelled to make a forced march in the month of June, in which the regiment lost, by exhaustion and over-heating, more men than in all their previous and subsequent service. After the fall of Vicksburg the regiment was ordered to Helena, Ark., where they arrived about the 1st of August. Its ranks had been greatly de- pleted by sickness, and a few hundred men were all that were found in its ranks as they slowly marched over the red hills westward on their march toward Little Rock. They were in the advance, and engaged in the capture of that place. Here the regiment took up winter quarters, and during the winter was frequently called out to disturb and annoy the enemy. In October, 1863, they were ordered to Benton. They afterward destroyed the enemy's salt works at Arkadelphia, Ark. The regiment was stationed at Benton, twenty- five miles southwest of Little Eock, for several months, and during tlie cold days, about New Year, in the winter of 1863-4, the regi- ment was marched back to Little Rock, where they fottiid them- selves without shelter, and went into the business of constructing s[V' THE CIVIL WAR. 283 winter quarters at Little Eock. Here, about tlie let of October, 1863, the entire regiment was united — tlie paroled prisoners hav- ing been exchanged, after being absent abont one year. Here the regiment remained until about May 1, 1864, when they were ordered on the railroad east of Little Rock, and were soon after Ofdered to Dn Vall's Bluff, on White River. In June they made a march northward to Batesville, and thence to Lewisburg, thence returning to Little Rock, clearing that portion of the State of the bands of the enemy. About the 25tli of June, 1864, they were engaged in the battle of Clarendon, under General Carr, where there were some 5,000 men engaged on each side. The enemy was driven back and the town burned, and after a fruitless pursuit of a week the regiment again returned to Da Yall's Bluff and were soon afterward scattered over the railroad between "White and Arkansas rivers. Here during July and August the regiment lost a large number of men from the malaria arising from the cypress swamps. About the 1st of September, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Pine Bluff, where their camp was nothing more than a hospital. Only 130 men were able for daty out of a total of over 800. Many men were absent from the injuries received by exhaustion on the forced march in June, 1863, near Vicksburg, Miss., known as the satartia march. At Pine Bluff the regiment remained until its muster out, July 12, 1865. Nothing of interest occurred here. The regiment was recruited by the return of better health and the return of many absent men, and altogether the last seven months of service was the best time the regiment enjoyed. The men marched from Pine Blnff, Ark., to St. Charles, on White River, immediately after their muster out. The weather here proved very rainy and bad, and in fording the greatly swollen streams a number of men were lost in other regiments. One of the saddest periods of the war, and one that made the heart of every soldier sick, was the news of the tragic death of Lincoln. The camps were quiet and the men remained in their quarters brooding over the matter as though it was a personal and private calamity to each of them. The spirit of the man who had said, " With malice toward none, and charity for all," had a secret influence over the soldiers throughout every camp, and when this influence was gone in the announcement of the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, it shed a gloom over the camps such as the death of the most loved commander would not have created. The trans-Mississippi department, in which this regiment served 18 .fT *!L 284 HISTOBY OF LOO AN OOUNTT. after July, 1863, was not so exposed to the armies of the enemy as the troops east of the Mississippi River. Indeed, little was done in and about Little Rock for eighteen months before the close of the war, except to protect the lines and hold the points occupied by the Federal troops. The Confederate army consisted of a roving band of horsemen, who would run and then dash on a post «r small detachment of men and give a short and spirited contests- such as the attack on Pine Bluif, when General Powell Clayton so signally defeated the enemy. The regiment arrived at Springfield, 111., about the 25th of Au- gust, 1865, and were paid and discharged Sept. 6, 1865, after which they separated, and breaking from the many ties and associations formed during three long, weary, laborious and dangerous years, and severally departing to their respective homes, to again follow the peaceful avocations of their previous lives — carrying in their mem- ories and in their hearts the kind wishes of all — and the recollec- tion of the many events that bound their comrades to them like the recollections of childhood unite brothers and sistdrs. ONE HUNDRED AND FOETT-FIFTH INFANTBY. This was a 100-days regiment which was raised for garrison duty in the South during the summer of 1864. Companies D and H and part of Company K were contributed by this county. SECOND CAVALRY. Company B of this organization was from Logan County, and was raised by Captain Thomas J. Larison. The regiment was mustered in during August, 1861, and discharged in November, 1864. J^o history of the regiment appears in the Adjutant-Gen- eral's report. FOURTH CAVALRY. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861 by T. Lyle Dickey, under authority of the War Department, and rendezvoused at Camp Hunter, Ottawa. Company H, under Captain Wemple, was raised in Logan County. The regiment first moved to Cairo. It was in Grant's advance on Columbus, Ky., at Fort Henry, bat- tles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, siege of Corinth and pursuing the enemy as far as Holly Springs, Miss. During the last six months of 1862 the Fourth was on scouting duty in Western Ten- nessee and Northern Georgia for Generals Sherman and Logan. It THE CIVIL WAR. 285 then was in numerous skirmishes and engagements in Western Mississippi and Eastern Tennessee. In September, 1863, the regi- ment took steamer for Yicksburg, and was in General McPherson's raid toward Canton and Sherman's raid on Meridian, February, 1864. The Fourth was then on scouting duty in Central Missis- sippi and Eastern Louisiana until October, when it embarked for Springfield, 111., and mustered out Nov. 3, 1864. The regiment left about 500 men in the field, who joined the Twelfth Consoli- dated Cavalry, and remained until May, 1866. TENTH OAVALKT. The Tenth Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler on the 25th of November, 1861. Dudley Wickersham was appointed Colonel May 15, 1862. Most of Company G was from Logan County. Dec. 20, 1861, the regiment moved to Quincy, and March 13, 1862, to Benton Barracks, Mo. April 4 it moved toward Springfield, Mo. July 8 it marched to Keittsville, and on the 20th it returned. Aug. 10 it moved to Yera Cruz, and on the 16th to Marshfield, where it remained until Nov. 13, from which time formed a part of the army of the frontier, and operated from Springfield, Mo., to Cane Hill, Ark. The Second and Third battalions participated in the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., Dec. 7, 1862. The First Battalion, Major E. P. Shaw commanding, was or- dered to join General Curtis, and reported to him at Jacksonport, Ark., July 4, 1862. Was assigned to Third Brigade, Colonel Hovey, of the Thirty-third Illinois commanding; First Division, Brigadier-General F. Steele commanding. Moved to Helena, ar- riving July 12. Aug. 7 moved to Old Town Landing. Oct. 6, 1862, returned to Helena, and assigned to First Brigade, Colonel J. B. Wyman, of Thirteenth Illinois Infantry; Second Division, Brigadier-General E. A. Carr. Nov. 16, marched with the expe- dition to the mouth of White River, and on the 27th to Oakland, Miss. Had a skirmish with the enemy, and returned to Helena, Dec. 7. The regiment was mustered out of service Nov. 22, 1865, at San Antonio, Tex., and ordered to Springfield, 111., for final pay and discharge. Soon after the war had passed into history, and the people were pursuing the arts of peace once more, the idea was broached of erecting a soldiers' monument at Lincoln. An association was ^ « - -- e > 286 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. formed to promote this work, in the spring of 1867, and canvassers were sent out in the county to raise means for a suitable memorial. Said the Lincoln Herald, in urging the matter : " We consider tliat this is something we owe to the fallen sol- diers; 'tis the last act of respect the living can show the dead. To- day in every nook and corner of our land the desolate hearthstone, the empty sleeve and the widow's black drapery plainly tell the story of the war, and what it meant; but in another generation at least these solemn teachers will have passed away, and the great lesson of our time live only in history, ballad and song. Let us then do our part to supplant these recollections, and guard these traditions by monuments of stone, marble and enduring brass. "By the desperate cruelty of a barbarous and inhuman foe, we can nevermore do iionor to the scattered bodies of the heroes who have fallen mai'tyrs to the unity of our land and nation. '" On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread ; Avid glory guards with solemn sound The bivouac of the dead.' " By the wayside and on the hills, in the morass and pestilen- tial swamps, in the golgothas around the murderous prison pens of Dixie, they sleep unshrouded, nncoffined and unknown, there to I'est until dissolvin^f time shall burst the seals of the grave, and bid the eartli reveal lier guilty secrets. No reverential mound maiks the sput where their sacred ashes repose. No gentle hand scatters flowers o'er their narrow homes. None go to weep where they rest hidden from sight and knowledge, but perchance the busy husbandman plows o'er the spot where tliey silent lie, and the tall green grass chants their solemn requiem. "To the eternal cherishing of their memory then, and of the deeds they have done, should these piles be raised. Let cenotaph and pillar rise to keep alive through unending time, or until stone and marble shall crumble into dust, the recollections of those days when by the freely given blood of thousands, and the tears of millions of her children, this land was consecrated anew to liberty and freedom." The building committee of the Logan County Soldiers' Monu- ment Association held a meeting Aug. 20, ls67, and passed the following resolution : '■'■ Resolved, That the building committee of the Logan County Soldiers' Monument Association will receive sealed bids for the 0) THE CIVIL WAE. 287 construction of a soldiers' nionnmeiit, with the necessary drawings and specifications, from this date until the 1st day of September, A. D. 1867; the monument to be constructed of the best quality of American marble, the statue of a life-sized soldier to be placed on the top of said monument, and said statue to be made of the best quality of Carara statuary marble, tiie monument to be sur- rounded by a suitable fence, and tlie die to furnish sufficient room to record 300 names witli the date of death, the regiment and company to which the soldier belonged." The contract was let according to these specifications, but on account of the dilatory payment of the money subscribed, the work progressed slowly. It was not completed until the spring of 1869. The formal dedication took place on Wednesday, June 9, 1869, with appropriate ceremonies. The day was clear and fine, and a large number of the citizens of the county came to Lincoln to participate in the proceedings. A procession was formed in front of the court-house at 10 o'clock, under the direction of Marshal R. B. Latham and his assistants. The Board of Supervisors, the Masonic and Odd Fellows' lodges, and a large number in wagons and on horseback participated in the procession. After marching through the principal streets the crowd was led to the park on North Kickapoo street, where a bountiful repast had been prepared. The number of people partaking thereof was variously estimated, the whole park fairly swarming with human beings. The exercises at the speaker's stand commenced at 2 o'clock. After an invocation by Rev. A. J. Layenberger, and music by the Mt. Pulaski band, the president of the day, J. G. Ghalfant, intro- duced to the audience Hon. Richard J. Oglesby. The Governor had prepared his address and delivered it from the manuscript. On it he had spent much time and thought, and it was indeed a noble effort. For over an hour the speaker held the vast audience spell-bound by the power of his eloquence. He dwelt with much pathos upon the history of our nation during the years of strife, and paid splendid tributes to the memory of the martyrs who died in defense of liberty. The monument is conspicuously located nortli of the court-liouse, and is admired by all visitors. The names of 326 of the heroic dead are engraved on the column. On the top of the second disc is the plinth, on which stands the life-size statue of a uniformed soldier. Tiie monument was designed and built by F. C. Bushway, at a cost of $5,600.. The whole height is twenty-three feet. ^2= CHAPTER VIII. THE PRESS. Improvements in Journalism and Increase in its Power. — Early Papers in Logan CouNTr. — Papers at Lincoln, Atlanta and Mt. Pulaski. — Journals now Published. — Sketches of the Editors. In the development ot modern civilization there is no more potent factor than the newspaper, and, at the same time, there has been no greater progress in anything for fifty years past than in American journalism. Fifty years ago the country had few news- papers that could be considered paying property. The metro- politan journals devoted about as much space to foreign as to domestic news, while country weeklies seemed to consider that which happened at home as of no importance whatever, and imi- tated the larger papers in style and contents. The telegraph and railroads, assisted by that enterprising spirit which is inseparably connected with successful journalistic management, liave wrought most gratifying results. Local news has become the main feature of weekly country newspapers, and all journals of the better class are foremost in advancing the best interests of the localities from which their support comes. In Logan County, journalism has kept pace in the march of improvement with other professions and industries. The wide circulation of these papers at present published, and the large number of outside papers that are taken here, afford the best pos- sible evidence that the people are intelligent, enterprising and pro- gressive. In Lincoln alone 150 copies of outside dailj' papers are distributed every day by tlie news-dealer, and many come by mail direct to subscribers. Although many able writers have been emploj^ed upon the county press in former years, without disparagement to any of them, it can safely be asserted that the journals of the county, taken as a whole, were never better conducted than at present. The editors are gentlemen who understand their business thor- (288) THE PRESS. 289 oughly, and do their utmost to give their patrons good, clean, re- liable newspapers. LINCOLN. The oldest paper in the city is the Lincoln Herald. It has had continuous existence since its establishment Jan. 1, 1856. It was founded by Moudy & Fuller, who, in 1856, sold to Joseph Reed. He conducted it one year and sold to a joint stock com- pany of twelve persons. These employed O. C. Dake to edit the paper, and under his management it was conducted until 1860, when A. B. McKenzie purchased a controlling interest in the paper. He at once associated with himself Henry Sturges, who remained until October, 1861, when he went to the army. Mr. McKenzie continued the paper until 1863, when he sold to Joseph C. "Webster, former Circuit Clerk, and the first Mayor of Lincoln. In January, 1866, he sold to Andrew McGalliard. Mr. McGal- liard kept the Herald until Jan. 1, 1873— seven years, when, being elected Circuit Clerk, he sold to Smitii & Mills. This firm continued the publication of the Herald until 1877, when Albion Smith retired, leaving Mr. Mills sole owner. It represents the interests of the Eepublican party, and is an ably conducted paper. It is published on Thursday, at $2 per year. It has been a six- column quarto since July 27, 1876. Before that date it was an eight-column folio. The present building occupied by the Herald was erected in 1883, with especial reference to its use as a news- paper office. Before moving into this, it was located opposite the Lincoln House, on Broadway, for nearly eight years. The job printing department connected with the oflice is operated under lease by A. H. "Wiltz. This arrangement has been in force since Jan. 1, 1883. This paper absorbed the Logan County Demoorat, established almost as early as the Herald, by a stock company, who managed it until about 1864, when it was sold to Samuel Johnson, who changed the name to the Logan County Courier, and as such was purchased by Joseph C. Webster when owning the Herald, and by whom it was merged into the latter paper. In 1867 the /Swies- wiaTi was established by Thomas J. Sharp, who conducted it sev- eral yeirs. In May, 1873, the Journal was founded by Wallace Nail, who in December sold to R. B. Forrest. About the same time Samuel Reed purchased the Statesman, and he and Mr. For- rest formed a partnership, uniting the papers, thereby forming the -^ 290 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Lincoln Times. In December, 1875, AVallace Nail and brother Lemuel purcliased the paper. They published it four years, and then sold to T. H. Stokes, who assumed control Jan. 1, 1880, and h«s since remained sole owner. He has been assisted by J. ■ "R. Sedgwick as local editor since May, 1884. The Times is a Democratic paper, issued on Thursdays, at $1.50 per year. In size it is a six-column quarto. The office is located on Kickapoo street, opposite the court-house. In February, 1874, Sharp's Weekly Statesman was founded by Thomas J. Sharp. He managed it until November, 1875, when he associated with himself Colonel W. D. Wyatt. They started the daily Statesman in connection with it. In April, 1876, Mrs. Anna Wyatt became owner, the name changed to daily N'ews, and Colonel Wyatt remained as editor until Augnst, when the office was leased to Samuel Reed, who conducted it till March 17, 1877, when it was purchased by Joseph B. Bates, who changed the name to the Republican, and made it a weekly. This was pur- chased by Mr. Mills, of the Herald, Feb. 4, 1879. The Intel- ligencer was established in June, 1866, by Henry Sturges. In 1869, the paper was discontinued and the office removed to Win- chester, Scott County, where a paper was published by D. L. Am- brose, for some time a resident of Mt. Pulaski. The Logan County Bee was established in 1877 by George L. Shoals, then editor of the Atlanta Argus. This died a natural death in about six months. The first daily paper issued in Lincoln was the Experiment, whose first number was dated Jan. 4, 1860. The proprietors were Stephenson & Bowen. They did not find the venture profit- able, and in a few months were obliged to suspend. No further attempts were made in that direction for many j'ears. The next daily not already mentioned was the Sentinel, established early iu July, 1878, by Dutcher & Pierce. The latter soon withdrew, and Dutcher conducted it alone several months, until he sold to Albert F. Smith, who liad been publishing the Temperance Bugle at Beardstown. Mr. Smith continued that paper here with the daily until March, 1881, when he discontinued both and removed to Decatur, where he is now publishing the State Journal. Messrs. Wolf & Edmonds started the second daily News in November, 1878. In a lew weeks this was succeeded by the daily Times, before mentioned. The Call was another short-lived daily paper, founded in the last of March, 1879, by McBeth & Hawley. The l^ THE PEESS. 291 daily Times, above mentioned, was succeeded tlie July following its establishment by the Leader, with Edmonds Bros as publishers. They issued this sheet daily for fifteen months. In the autumn of 1?,%Q i\\Q Evening Record was started by Mohr Bros., who were succeeded six months later by Miller Bros. A few months more, and in June, 1881, L. C. Schwerdtfeger purciiased the^ Record, changing the name to the Journal. la January, 1882, he estab- lished the weekly Tribune, which has since been issued from the same office. Jan. 9, 1883, Mr. Schwerdtfeger leased the property to Messrs. Edmonds & ISTall. The latter withdrew in January, 1885, and in Marcli started the Evening Mail, which was suspended in July following. Mr. Edmonds is now alone in the publication of tlie daily Journal und weekly T?'ibune. The Illinois Volksfreund was established in February, 1874, by T. J. Siiarp, who employed a German to edit it, but the latter re- mained only a few weeks. In the early spring Mr. Sharp sold this paper to Messrs. Wolf & Knorr. In October following Mr. Knorr sold his interest to Mr. Wolf, who conducted the paper some two years. After him it passed through two or three different hands, one of whom, named Fisher, changed the name to the Yolkshlatt. Some time in 1876 Mr. Fisher sold to Wallace Nail, who in turn disposed of the paper in the spring of 1877 to C. E. Knorr, sole proprietor and editor since. The Yolkshlatt is politically inde- pendent. It is an eight-column folio, issued on Fridays, at $1.50 per year. E. F. L. Rautenberg established another German paper, the Journal, in 1877. It was purchased in October by the pro- prietors of the Yolkshlatt. ATLANTA. The first paper at this point was the Logan County Forum, es- tablished in August, 1855, by S. B. Dugger. It was published a few years, and the enterprise was then abandoned by the proprie- tor. Afterward one or two other papers were started, but none continued successfully save the Atlanta Argus, which was estab- lished in May,' 1869, by Albion Smith. He at first printed it at Bloomington. In 1870 F. B. Mills, present proprietor of the Lin- coln Herald, became a partner, and under this management the paper was conducted until the spring of 1873, when they pur- chased the Lincoln Herald and removed to the county seat, leav- ing the Argus to be managed by A. W. Briggs, who in July purchased the paper, and conducted it until August, 1874, when ^F" 292 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. be sold to George L. Shoals, and the latter disposed of the office to Horace Crihfield ia November, 1881. la August, 188i, R. C. Crihfield became an equal partner, and the firm name was made Crihfield Brothers. The junior member of the firm now lives at Minier, and has immediate charge of the Minier Nefws which was printed at the Atlanta office for about ten years, until Aug. 1, 1885. Tl'ie gentlemen also own and publish the Wajnesville Record^ Kenney Gazette and McLean Lens^ making in all five papers, located in four counties. The Aryus is a seven-column folio, all printed at home. It is independent, politically. The subscription price is $1.50 per year. Friday is the day of issue. MT. PULASKI. The Sentinel was the first paper in this village. It was started in July, 1870, by Francis M. Dalton, who was, not long after, succeeded by John Bush. In August, 1871, the name was changed to the Observer, and as such was conducted by Frank Sloan until July, 1873, when it was changed to the Dollar Star, and published by Joel Dunbar, who soon afterward changed the name to the Mt. Pulaski Star and continued it until October, 1876, when it was sold out. Shortly atterward the Mt. Pulaski Citizen was started by the Oonklin brothers, who sold in 1881 to H. C. Suttle. He in September, 1885, disposed of the paper to O. G. Bekemeyer, who had founded the Times in June, 1882. The two papers were now united under the name of the Times- Citizen. It is a Democratic journal, issued on Thursday of each week, at $1.50 per year; in size an eight-column folio. The Mt. Pulaski Eepublican was established in August, 1884, by T. H. Smedley, who in January, 1885, sold to C. H. Curtis, but repurchased in September, 1885. The Republican is a six- column quarto, issued on Saturdays, at $1.50 per year. SKETCHES OF EDITORS. Otto G. Bekemeyer, owner and editor of the Mt. Pulaski Times- Citizen, is a son of William F. and Emile (Schwarburg) Beke- meyer, natives of Prussia. The former is a wholesale and retail liquor dealer at Springfield, in this State, where Otto was born Sept. 8, 1862. . He graduated from the Springfield High School at the age of sixteen years, having in the meantime learned some- thing of practical journalism. He finished learning the trade, and then reported on diff"erent papers until February, 1882, when ^^| e ^ ^ e,| ^ THE PRESS. 293 he came to Mt. Pulaski. He was in his brother's store until June, when he started the Times. This was consolidated with the Citizen in 1885. Mr. Bekemejer is unmarried. HoEAOE Crihfield, editor of the Atlanta Argus, and senior member of the firm of Orihtield Brothers, who publish the Atlanta Argus, Minier JVews, Waynesville Record, Kenney Gazette and McLean Lens, is a son of Philip and Sarah (McFarland) Crihfield, natives, respectively, of Ohio and Rhode Island. Philip Crihfield was a photographer by occupation, most of his active life, though his first business here was that of a druggist. He came to Atlanta as soon as the town was projected, and here resided until his death in 1867. He was married in 1855 to Sarah McFarland, whose family came to this neighborhood JSTov. 30, 1838, and were promi- nent among the pioneers. Of five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Crihfield, three are living — Horace, RobertCory and Martha. The last two, with their mother, reside at' Minier, Tazewell County. The eldest of the three, the subject of this biographical notice, was born May 13, 1856, at Atlanta, which has been his home since — at present writing, thirty years. He received a good elementary education in the public schools, which he attended until nearly eighteen years of age. When nineteen he entered the ^/-^ms office, under Mr. Shoals. In a short time he became editor of the Minier News, which was established by Mr. Shoals, and printed at the Argus office. For a year he spent the greater part of each week at Minier. Since then most of his time has been passed at Atlanta, though his newspaper interests in other towns require much travel- ing. As stated before in this chapter, he purchased the Argus in November, 1881. Aug. 1, 1885, he admitted his brother into partnership. He was united in marriage Oct. 2, 1878, with Miss Emily C. Arnold, of Atlanta. To them have been born three chil- dren— Eoy H., Fay and Philip. Politically Mr. Crihfield is a Re- publican. Mrs. Crihfield is a member of the Baptist church. John Edmonds, editor and publisher of the Lincoln daily Jour- nal and weekly Tribune, is a son of Thomas and Catherine (Keefe) Edmonds, natives of the Emerald Isle. They came to America when young, and were married in this country. Mr. Edmonds, Sr., lived in Pennsylvania for some years, and in 1863 came to Lincoln, where he died in 1875. His wife is yet living there. Their union was blessed with three children — John, Cornelius E. and Ella (principal of the Third Ward school of Lincoln). The first named, the eldest of the family, was born Oct. 14, 1854, near West i»> -^ sR 294 IIISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTF. Chester, Chester Co., Pa. He lived there till 1861, then, for one year, in Winnebago County, this State, next, for a year, in Stei)hen- son Connty, and then came with liis parents to Lincoln. Here he attended the public schools until seventeen years old. He was next employed at farming and at various other occupations until 1876, when he commenced soliciting for newspapers. He has since de- voted himself entirely to journalism. His first independent venture was in 1877, when he established the Indiana. Statesman^ at "West Lebanon. His connection with the Lincoln papers is mentioned previously in this chapter. Born of humble parents, and having experienced none of the hixur}' and advantages which surround many of our American youth, Mr. Edmonds deserves all the more credit for the popularity he has gained and the energy he has dis- played in making his papers highlj' successfal as news carriers and advertising media. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, both lodge and encampment, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America. Cornelius E. Edmonds, local editor of the Journal and Tribune-, was born April 12, 1857, and lived with his parents until twenty- two years old, attending the public schools of Lincoln. At the age mentioned he went to Texas, where he first edited the Denison daily Herald-News for a few months. Next, at Marshall, Texas, he edited the Messenger, a weekly paper, for a year and a half, at the expiration of which time he purchased a half interest in the ofBee. Keturning to Lincoln after six months more at Marshall, he soon left on a tour which lasted two years. He traveled through many of the Eastern and Southern States, partly for his health, and partly to see and observe. He returned once more to Lincoln in the summer of 1885, and since then he has filled the position of local editor on his brother's papers. C. E. Knoer, editor and publisher of the Volksblatt, the only German paper in Logan County, is a son of Karl Gottlob and Johanna Elenora Knorr, natives of Sixony, where both resided till their death. The subject of this notice was born Oct. 28, IBol, at Wiederau, Saxony, where he lived until fourteen years of age. At that age he came to America. He first went to Columbus, Ohio, where a brother was living, and where he remained about one year. He then went to Emporia, Kan., where he had charge of a steam engine for a brother from spring to fall. His next move was to Fort Smith, Ark., where he worked in the office of the Fort Smith Nm Era three years, learning the printer's trade. He was £k^ THE PRESS. 295 employed for a short time in Little Rock and Lonoke, Ark., and Monnd City, 111., when he was foeman in the office of the Pulaski Patriot from spring to the close of 1873. He then traveled in Arkansas and Kansas a couple of months, and planned to return to the old country. Desiring employment for a few months, until the arrival of some money, he happened to find an opening at Lin- coln, which he at once accepted. The fall of 187i he visited Ger- many, where he enlisted in the army and served three years, return- ing to Lincoln in November, 1877. Here he has since remained, engaged in the conduct of the Volksblatt. He was married in Germany, Oct. 30, 1877, and has now two boys — Richard E. and Fred 0. The family attend the Evangelical church. Frank B. Mills, editor and publisher of the Lincoln Herald, is a son of Joseph A. and Margaret H. (Adams) Mills, natives of Ohio. Mr. Mills, Sr., was at different times engaged in merchan- dising and other occupations. He was in the Ohio Legislature from 1851 to 1853, having been elected as a Whig. In 1853 he removed to Iowa, where, as a Republican, he served one year in the Legislature of that State. He came with his family in 1857 to Atlanta, in this county, where he died in December, 1864. His wife is yet living at Atlanta. Their tjiree children are Cornelia M. (Poak), residing at Osceola, Mo.; Patience E. (Plummer), died at Lincoln in 1867, and Frank B. The last named was born Jan. 10, 184'2, in Clinton County, Ohio, where he lived until eleven years old. He lived with his parents at their different homes until August, 1862, when he enlisted in the Seventeenth Illinois In- fantry. He served three years, his regiment being consolidated with the Eighth Illinois Infantry in May, 1864. He was dis- charged Aug. 22, 1865, at Baton Rouge, La. Returning to At- lanta he was variously employed until 1870, when he look an interest with Albion Smith in the publication of the Atlanta Argus. Jan. 1, 1873, he came to Lincoln, where he has since conducted i\\Q Herald. He was married to Orrilla Humason June 23, 1877, and has a family of three children. Thomas H. Smedlet, editor and publisher of the Mt. Pulaski Republican, is a son of R. H. and Elizabeth (Rice) Smedley, natives of Illinois. The former followed farming in Morgan County, and died in the army during the late war. Thomas II. was born June 25, 1864, at Waverly, Morgan County, where he lived until thirteen years old. At that age he commenced to learn the printer's trade. He worked at various places until the summer r.\r 296 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. of 1883, when he came to Mt. Pulaski. He was married Sept. 13, 1876, to Miss Minnie Kennedy, of Waverly, and has now two chil- dren — Virgie and Gracie. Mrs. Smedley attends the Methodist church. Thomas H. Stok.es, proprietor and editor of the Lincoln Times, is a son of Benjamin A. and Maria L. (Mulford) Stokes, natives of New Jersey and Ohio. The former followed farming in Warren County, Ohio, during his active life, and is now retired. His son, the subject of this notice, was born March 28, 1848, at Utica, Warren Co., Ohio, in which place and at Kidgeville, in the same county, he lived until twenty years old. He attended the common school of his home, the National Normal School at Lebanon in 1866-'6, and the Antioch College in 1866-'7. He then taught school for one year near home, and in August, 1868, came to Lin- coln. He taught for six months in the country here, and was, in 1869-'70, principal of the First Ward school of Lincoln. In July, 1870, he entered the employ of Boyd, Paisley & Co., with whom he remained continuously (except one year with John A. Lutz) until he purchased the Times, Jan. 1, 1880. Mr. Stokes has been for many years prominent in local politics, and in matters of pub- lic concern. He was for two years a Director in the Public Library Association, four years Secretary of the Democratic County Com- mittee, three years Secretary of the County Agricultural Society, and is now a Director in the Lincoln Loan and Building Associ- ation. During the legislative session of ]885 he was Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of the House. He was married March 28, 1871, to Mary M. Larison, of Lincoln, and has three children — Mabel, Walter R. and Carroll D. Mrs. Stokes attends the Cliristian church. Mr. Stokes is a member of the Masonic order. W CHAPTER IX. LOGAN COUNTY BAR. by colonel w. d. wyatt. Lawtees of the Past. — Ooubts. — States Attorneys. — General Remarks. — Anecdotes of Lincoln. — Present Bar. — Personal Mention. n. H. Ballon was one of the first, if not the first,to practice law in this county. Lyoneal P. Lacy, was here at least as early as the close of the Mexican war. He was a good and reliable lawyer, a better coun- selor and business man than advocate. "William H. Young was a member of Colonel Baker's Fourth Regiment in the Mexican war. Returning home in 1847, he stud- ied law and afterward formed a co-partnership with James S. Jones, under the firm name of Young & Jones. This arrangement was discontinued in the early part of 1860, when Jones removed to Champaign, where he still resides. Samuel C. Parks studied law with Stuart & Edwards at Spring- field, and located in the county late in the " forties," or early in the "fifties," when the seat of justice was at Mt. Pulaski. In 1863 he was appointed Territorial Judge for Idaho; but this posi- tion he resigned, three years later, in order to resume the practice of law at Lincoln. President Hayes appointed him a Territorial Judge in New Mexico, and President Garfield appointed him to a similar position in Wyoming. His term of ofiice has just expired. In 1858 or 1859 Wm. McGalliard, a scholarly, industrious law- yer, a native of New Jersey, came to Lincoln and formed a partner- ship with Judge Parks, which continued until the latter entered upon his official life. Judge Parks was the first attorney and agent for William Scully in this county. The firm of Parks & McGalliard were his attorneys and agents after the formation of the co-part- nership until the same was dissolved, and then Mr. McGalliard, who in the meantime had been appointed master in chancery for (297) 298 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COnNTY. Logan County, resigned that office, retired from the practice of law, and systematically organized the great Scully estate. He con- ducted its agency until he committed suicide by shooting himself. The firm of Parks & McGaliiard was known as a very reliable, safe and able one. John E. Cammings located at Middletown before the seat of justice was removed from Mt. Pulaski to Lincoln, but upon its re- moval came to Lincoln. He was of Irish extraction, a fine scholar, and fluent speaker, and would have made an eminent and successful lawyer and advocate but for his dissipated habits. One night in 1866, while intoxicated, he fell down his office stairs and was killed. In 1855 or 1856 Eli L. Austiu came here from Morgan County and in 1857 formed a partnership with Mr. Cummings, under the firm name of Cummings & Austin. This was of short duration, and Mr. Austin became a partner of William Callon, now of Mor- gan County. This relation was dissolved by Major Callon enter- ing the military service in 1861. Colonel Edward D. Baker removed to Oregon, became United States Senator, commanded a brigade in the early days of the war, and met a hero's death at Ball's Bluff, Virginia. Major John T. Stuart died at Springfield, Illinois, in Novem- ber, 1885. He practiced law nearly fifty years in Springfield, was three times in Congress, and was the lawyer with whom Abraham Lincoln read law. Judge S. H. Treat is still in the legal ranks as judge of the United States District Court at Springfield, a position he has filled with credit for many years. Major Wm. Callon is now practicing in Jacksonville, Illinois, has served four years in the State Senate and is an eloquent and able attorney. Captain Frank Fiske, John Moran, who studied law with Col- onel Wyatt (as did Colonel Edward Lynch and Hon. Alfred Oren- dorff), and now lives at Carlinville, and Hon. David T. Littler were all admitted to the bar in 1860. Before that time tlic lawyers of Logan County were Horace H. Ballou, Lyoneal P. Lacy, Samuel C. Parks, William H. Young, William E. Dicks, Eli L. Austin, John E. Cummings, Oeorge W. Estabrook, A. J. Turley, Wilford D. Wyatt, Joseph H. January, Charles Worthington, Silas Beason, D. Wyle Harts, Benjamin Williams, George H. Dana, Henry W. Dana, Brown, C. H. IV d ^ — - - — "k ^ LOGAN OOXTNTY BAR. 299 Goodrich, William Springer, William McGalliard, A. C. Edmona and Lorenzo D. Norton. Afterward came one Kerr, a graduate of Tale and tlie Albany Law School, and he was in partnership with W. D. Wyatt a short time. He afterward committed suicide at Cheyenne. Rnfus Mayfield succeeded Kerr as a partner of W. D. Wyatt. W. H. Herndon, law partner of Abraham Lincoln at the time of Lincoln's election to the Presidency, retired from practice many years ago, and is now a Sangamon County farmer. Josiah Lamborn was a Kentuckian and a lawyer of the keenest wit and shrewdest perceptions, a natural born lawyer. He was At- torney-General of the State in 184:1-' 42; died at Whitehall, Illinois, 1847. He was once prosecutor and General Gridley defender of a horse thief in the old court-house at Postville. Gridley asked for a continuance on ground that two material witnesses were ab- sent. Mr. Lamborn promptly outgeneraled him by a bold, ingen- ious move. He said that the prosecution would admit that the two men would, if present, testify to exactly what the General claimed they would. On the trial Lamborn won his case and did it by showing that he had recently convicted the two men spoken of as horse thieves. William Ferguson, perhaps the most brilliant and effective pleader of his day in Illinois, removed to California; was elected to the State Senate, and was fatally shot in a duel at Sacramento. William P. Hackney, now a leading lawyer and politician, after the close of the war studied and practiced law with Wyatt. Sam- uel P. Davidson, now Circuit Judge at Tecumseh, Neb. , was ad- mitted to practice at the Logan County bar in 1870. Charles E Forsyth was admitted about the same time, and has recently lo- cated at Winfield, Kan. W. G. Webster studied law with Beach & Hodnett, was admitted in 1878, and is now in Kansas. Hubert Orendorff was admitted here about 1864. He went, later, to Kan- sas City, where he died. William G. Bates, a farmer and lawyer of Elkhart Township, removed in 1883 to Fort Scott,Kansas. Joseph B. Bates resided in Alabama from 1867 to 1877, and was candidate for Judge. He is now on the Bloomington (111.) Pantagraph. These, with the attorneys now in practice, complete the roll of Logan County lawyers, past and present. It is necessary in this place, however, to make special reference to those who belong to the history of Mt. Pulaski, the old county seat, though most of them have been referred to above. During the period 1847-'56, 19 300 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. when the seat of justice was at Mt. Pulaski, Horace H. Ballou was the senior member of the bar. He followed the county seat to Lincoln; died there, and is now buried at Mt. Pulaski. W. H. Young is spoken of as an able but rather unscrupulous lawyer. James S. Jones resided here a short time and removed to Cham- paign. Samuel G. Parks and L. P. Lacey went to Lincoln soon after the removal thither of the county seat. One of the best remembered men in legal matters at Mt. Pulaski was Colonel Nathaniel M. Whittaker, who was from Indiana. He located here about 1842, kept the Mt. Pulaski House for a time, and was for a great many years justice of the peace. As a judge of law and a safe, sagacious counselor, he, though not a member of the bar, had but few equals. In later years came W. H. H. Allen, known as "Tip" Allen, and a young man named Martin, neither of them possessing marked abilities. About 1875, S. L. Wallace, now of Lincoln, and A. G. Jones located here. The lat- ter yet resides here, as does C. H. Curtis, who was born in the county and is a graduate of the Iowa University Law SchooL The walls of the old court-room have on many occasions in the past re-echoed the high-pitched voice of Abraham Lincoln, as well as the eloquence of John T. Stuart, "W. H. Herndon, William Ferguson, 0. H. Moore, George H. Estabrook, Joseph H. January and others. At Atlanta, Major George H. Estabrook was the pioneer. He practiced many years; was in the Seventh Illinois Volunteers dur- ing the late war, and is now a resident of New Rockford, Dakota. William E. Dicks lived here several years. He was afterward county judge, and is now practicing in Chicago. A. J. Turley was born near Mt. Pulaski, and practiced there, at Lincoln and at Atlanta. Colonel James G. Price, though blind, was an eloquent advocate and bright lawyer. He came to Atlanta from Louisiana, and returned South after a few years. C. H. Goodrich resided and practiced here several years, and is now at Jerseyville. Charles Worthington, from Maryland, was a resident and practi- tioner here in an early day and returned East. Joseph H. January was au early settler and attorney here. He came from Ohio in 1854, and now lives in Missouri. F. L. Capps and J. L. Bevan are the present practitioners at this point. From the time Logan County was organized until he was elected a member of the Supreme Court, Hon. Samuel H. Treat was the judge who held the Circuit Courts of this county. He »V LOGAN COUNTY BAE. 301 was succeeded by Hon. David Davis, who held our courts here until appointed one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by Lincoln in 1862. Judge Davis was succeeded by Hon. John M. Scott, now one of the supreme judges of Illinois. After him came Hon. Thomas B. Tipton, who held court here un- til there was a' change made in the circuits by which De Witt, Logan, Mason and Menard counties were constituted a circuit. Hon. Lyman Lacey, of Havana, was elected judge of the new cir- cuit; and when this and Judge Cyrus Epler's circuit were united, Hon. Albert G. Burr, of Carrollton, was elected the third judge. In June, 1879, these three were re-elected. In 1882 Judge Burr died, and Hon. George W. Herdman, of Jersey County, was elected his successor. In June, 1885, all the old judges were re- elected, and are now the judges of the circuit of which Logan forms a part. We are not informed as to who was the State's Attorney, under Judge Treat, any more than that Josiah Lamborn, in the early days of the county, attended the courts in that capacity. David Campbell, of Springfield, we believe, was the first State's Attorney under Judge Davis, and he died while an incumbent of that office. Prior to the legislative session of 1857, Sangamon was in this cir- cuit, but it was cut off by act of the Legislature of that session. Prior to this David Campbell had died, and Zimri Mc Williams, of Springfield, had been appointed his successor. His term of office had expired, and Ward H. Lemon, afterward appointed Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia by President Lincoln, was elected his successor. Mr. Lemon, when appointed Provost Mar- shal, resigned the office, and his law partner, Hon. Harvey E. Hogg, of Bloomington, was appointed his successor by Governor Yates. Mr. Hogg was soon after appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Illinois Cavalry (and was afterward killed in the service), and Governor Yates appointed William H. Young his successor, who died before his term of office expired. Then Hon. Henry G. Green, of Clinton, now of Springfield, was appointed his successor, and was elected his own successor, but resigned the office before his term expired, and was succeeded by Thomas F. Tipton, of Bloomington. He in turn was succeeded by Hon. Jonathan H. Kowell, of Bloomington, who held the office when this and DeWitt County were taken from the Bloomington cir- cuit, and the office was made elective for each county. Under the new arrangement James A, Hudson was appointed State's At- ■7* 302 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. torney for Logan County, by Hon. Wm. E. Dicks, then county judge. Mr. Hudson was succeeded in office by Timothy T. Beach, and he by James T. Hoblit. He gave way to Randolph B. Forrest, and he was followed by Robert Humphrey, the present incumbent. In the early days of the courts of this county most of the busi- ness was done by lawyers from Springfield, Bloomington, and other places. Among these were Abraham Lincoln, E. D. Baker, Josiah Lamborn, A. Gridley, Thomas L. Harris, David Davis, Clifton H. Moore, John T. Stuart, Stephen T. Logan, Benjamin S. Edwards, William Ferguson, William H. Herndon, Elliott H. Herndou, David Campbell, and later on Leonard Swett and partner. General Orme, William Hannah, John M. Scott, James C. Conklin, Henry S. Green, Milton Hay, Shelby M. Cullom and others. In fact, Ligan County was seemingly regarded as an out-post of Springfield and Bloomington lawyers, who claimed it as a part of their bailiwick and monopolized or "gobbled up" all the pay- ing practice; but a time came when the lawyers here were not only able to sustain themselves and hold their practice at home against all comers, but were able to retaliate upon the enemy by carrying the war into their own camps and "foraging" upon them; and for many years past all the business in the courts, at least all of any importance and having pay in it, has been done by the members of the local bar; and according to numbers no county in the State has an abler or more reliable local bar than Logan County. As will be seen by reference to the names of the attendants of the courts here in early days, as well as later on, many of the gentlemen subsequently acquired a world-wide repu- tation. The illustrious Lincoln heads the list, the distinguished Congressman and martyred President; the gallant and eloquent Baker, Congressman, United States Senator, and hero of two wars; the profound jurist, able and enlightened statesman, David Davis, Circuit Judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Senator, President of the Senate and ex-officio Vice-President of the United States; the gallant Major Thomas L. Harris, of Colonel Baker's Fourth Illinois Regiment, who, with Captain Hart's compuny from Logan County and a company from Menard County, belonging to that regiment, in night-time mounted the cannon on the top of the mountain heights at Oerro Gordo, and at daybreak opened them upon the enemy, LOGAN COUNTY BAE. 303 thus surprising and drivino; them from the field and a position deemed impregnable, which resulted in the historic victory of Cerro Gordo. He was later elected for four terms to Congress, and died on the evening of the day of the last election. He is re- membered as a man distinguished alike as a soldier, a lawyer and statesman. The able lawyers and enlightened statesmen John T. Stuart, Shelby M. Cullom, and Wm. M. Springer; the distin- guished lawyer and jurist, Hon. John M. Scott, Circuit Judge and Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court; the learned lawyers and jurists, Stephen T. Logan and Benj. S. Edwards; the eloquent Leonard Swett; the gallant,^Generai William Ornie, Colonel Har- vey Hogg, the brilliant William Ferguson, the able and distin- guished railroad attorney, Henry S. Green, and others too numerous to mention, are remembered; and yet the leading mem- bers of the local bar of Logan County reflect high credit npon the profession even when following in the wake of such illustrious men. The following anecdotes of Lincoln are authentic: Lincoln and Judge Treat, while returning from Postville to Springfield on a quiet moonlight night, came suddenly upon a polecat in the narrow track before them. Lincoln, remarking that he had had more experience in such matters than the judge, took the reins and made a wide circuit through the timber, saying: " I have been caught once and taught a lesson, and this is my way of dealing with all such, be they two-footed or four-footed!" In 1843 or 1844 Judge Treat was holding court at Postville. Lincoln was attorney for a Logan County man on a suit to collect a note. The evidence showed that Lincoln's client had misrepre- sented and really had no case whatever, as he was trying to collect the note a second time. Lincoln became disgusted, quit the court- room, and, when sent for to make his argument for the prosecu- tion, sent word: " Tell the judge he must excuse me; my hands are dirty!" His innate honesty and abhorrence of rascality could in no way be better expressed. When Lincoln first visited Post- ville, he was gay and rollicking — a regular bov — and used to wrestle, jump, run foot-races, tell jokes, throw the maul or "beetle" and ride to and from Springfield on horseback. Irf 1859, while en route to Columbus, Ohio, to meet Mr. Doug- las in a political discussion, Mr. Lincoln remarked to Mr. Sylvester Strong, of Atlanta, this county, that Mr. Douglas would be a can- didate before the Democratic National Convention of 1860, and, 1^— ___ — 8,p^ 304 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. says Mr. Lincoln, " should he be nominated and defeated he will not live a year; 1 know the constitution and temperament of the man." How prophetic this was is now a matter of history. Mr. Lincoln at this time also expressed a desire to live to see every man, woman and child in America free, and the possessors of bread earned by their own paid labor. PRESENT BAR. The lawyers now residing at Lincoln are: E. D. Blinn, James T. Hoblit, Timothy T. Beach, Joseph Hodnett, D. H, Harts, Edd. E. M. Cochran, Edmund Lynch, W. D. Wyatt, Oscar Allen, "W. W. Stokes, S. A. Foley, John Johnston, R 0. Maxwell, L. 0. Schwerdtfeger, E. G. Hudson, George B. Hudson, James A. Hudson, O. C. Sharp, S. J. Woland, S. G. Allen, W. B. Jones, "W. O. Jones, Eobert Humphrey, Frank Fiske, S. L. Wallace, J. F. Hilscher, A. D. Cadwallader, Henry W. Dana and W. P. Randolph. At Atlanta are J. L. Bevan and F. L. Capps; at Mt. Pulaski, W. B. Teft; and at Hartsburg, W. B. Teft. BIOGRAPHICAL MENTION. Oscar Allen is a native of Massachusetts, born in 1836. He came to Logan County in 1867 and was admitted to the bar in 1871, and has since practiced in Lincoln. Samuel G. Allen, attorney at law, Lincoln, was born in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, May 1, 1854, his parents, David and Sarah (Grenninger) Allen, being also natives of Pennsylvania, and of English and German descent respectively. When he was ten years old he came with liis parents to Hlinois, they settling on a farm in Orvil Township, Logan County, where he lived till sixteen years old, being educated till that time in district schools. In the spring of 1872 he entered the Illinois State University at Normal which he attended, and defrayed his expenses till 1874, when he was taken sick with malarial fever and was obliged to leave school. On his recovery he engaged in teaching in the district schools of Logan County which he followed till 1877. From 1875 in connection with teaching school he read law during his leisure hours with Hon. Ed. Lynch, of Lincoln. In June, 1877, he was admitted to the bar at Mount Vernon, Illinois, after which he practiced with his preceptor of Lincoln till 1879, when he opened *^ LOGAN COUNTY BAK. 305 his present office in Lincoln. Mr. Allen is a member of Glendower Lodge, No. 45, K. of P., of which he is Past Chancellor. Timothy Tildson Beach, senior member of the law firm of Beach & Hodnett, of Lincoln, was born at Kosendale, Ulster County, New York, December 18, 1843. His parents, Phineas and Martha (Wel- drura) Beach, were both natives of New Jersey, the former being of Scotch and Irish descent, and the latter of German and French descent. T. T. Beach, our subject, was quite young when his pa- rents settled inPoughkeepsie, New York, in which city he attended school till he was fourteen years old. He then learned the carpenter's trade which he followed till the breaking out of the late war. He then enlisted, in June, 1862, as a private in Company B, One Hun- dred and Fiftieth New York Infantry, in the three-years service. He participated in the battles of Grettysbnrg, Eocky Ford, Kesaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie, Peach Tree Creek, sieges of Savannah and Bentonville, and others of minor impor- tance. He was discharged with jhis regiment in June, 1865, and during his term of service was never off duty from sickness, and was never wounded, although he had some narrow escapes. In July, 1865, he came to Lincoln and began working at his trade. In September, 1867, he entered Lincoln University from which he graduated in the class of 1870. He then studied Jaw with Hon. S. A. Foley at Lincoln, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1871, since which he has been engaged in the practice of law. In the spring of 1872 he was elected city attorney of Lincoln for one year, and the following fall he was elected State's Attorney for Logan County for a term of four years. In 1873 he was appointed by the Circuit Court of Logan County, Master in Chancery, which office he held for six years by reappointment. In June, 1874, he was chosen one of the trustees of Lincoln University, and still holds that position. In 1874 Joseph Hodnett became associated with him, when the present firm of Beach & Hodnett was formed. Mr. Beach has gained an extensive legal reputation, and for the past eight years ne Has taken part in all the important litigations, both crimi- nal and civil, in the courts of Logan County. He was first married at Mt. Pulaski, May 3, 1871, to Isabelle W. Swing, who died at Lin- coln, Oct. 13, 1878, leaving two children— Bessie Leona and Flora Belle. Mr. Beach was again married Aug. 23, 1882, to Grace A. Lynn, of Lincoln. In his political views Mr. Beach is a Democrat, and has served as Chairman of the Logan County Democratic Com- mittee. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and -%) a V 306 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. belongs to the lodge, chapter and commandery of Lincoln- John L. Bevan, attorney at law of Atlanta, is a native of Logan County, Illinois, born December 15, 1845, a sou of Samuel and Eliza A. Bevan, the father deceased. He was reared on his father's farm till his twenty-first year, receiving his primary education in a district school. Inthefallof 1866 he entered Shurtlefi" College, of Alton, Illinois, which he attended five years, and in the fall of 1871 he became a student at Brown University, an Eastern institution of national importance, graduatinsj therefrom in June, 1872. The fol- lowing fall he entered the law department of Ann Arbor Univer- sity from which he graduated in March, 1874. The same year he began the practice of law in Atlanta, 111., where he has built up a large and lucrative practice, and is classed among the leading legal advisers of Logan County. He is at present clerk of Atlanta Town- ship, which position he has filled for years. October 4, 1877, he was married to Armada S. Thomas, daughter of Rev. E. J. Thomas of Atlanta. Of the three children born to this union two are liv- ing — Lynn J. and Carl . In politics Mr. Bevan affiliates with the Re- publican party. Edward D. Blinn, attorney at law, senior member of the firm Blinn & Hoblit, Lincoln, Illinois, was born at St. Johnsbury, Ver- mont, September 12, 1844, a son of Charles and Lefee (Harrington) Blinn. His father was a native of Canada, of English descent, and his mother of Vermont, of English and French descent. He was given a good education, and when eighteen years of age left home and went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where for eighteen months he was employed as bookkeeper in a pump manufactory. In 1864 he be- gan the study of law in the office of Kebler & Whitman, and in 1866 was admitted to the bar by the Superior Court of Cincinnati. He remained with Kebler & Whitman till the following Septem- ber, when he came West and in November located at Lincoln. In January, 1869, he became associated with Silas Beasou, and the firm of Beason & Blinn continued till April, 1882, when James T. Hoblit succeeded Mr. Beason, and the name was changed to Blinn & Hoblit. In 1875 Mr. Blinn was a member of the County Board of Supervisors, representing East Lincoln Town- ship. In politics he is a Republican, and lias been chairman of the Logan County Republican Central Committee several years. In 1880 he was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention at Chicago, and in 1884 was one of the Presidential electors for the State of Illinois. Jan. 1, 1869, Mr. Blinn was ^r LOGAN OOTJNTT BAR. 307 married at Cold Sprina;, Kentncky, to Nettie L., daughter of John C. Youtsey, a prominent citizen of that place. They have three children — Edith, Eva and Nettie L. Mr. Blinn is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Lincoln Lodge, No. 210; Lin- coln Chapter, No. 147, and Constantine Commandery, No. 51. Albert Douglas Cadwalladbr, postmaster at Lincoln, and at- torney at law, is a native of Ohio, born in Harveysburg, July 25, 1846, a son of John T. and Kachel (Farquhar) Cadwallader, the former a native of Virginia, of "Welsh and Scotch descent, and the latter of Ohio, of Scotch descent. "When nine years of age he accompanied his parents to Canton, Illinois, they removing when he was thirteen to Havana. When sixteen years old, in August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Eighty-fifth Illinois Infantry, and served till May, 1865. In the spring of 1864 he was promoted to First Lieutenant of his company, and soon after receiving his com- mission took command of his company. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Rome, Buzzards' Roost, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Greek and others of minor importance. At Peach Tree Creek, July 19, 1864, he lost his arm, and received his discharge in May, 1865. After regaining his health, in the winter of 1865-66, he took a course at the Commercial College of Indianapolis, and in the summer of 1866 studied telegraphy at Corwin, Ohio. The fol- lowing fall he came to Lincoln, where his parents were then living, and soon after was appointed operator in the office of the Chicago & Alton and the Toledo, Peoria & Western railroads, at Chenoa, Illinois, remaining there about a year. In 1867 he was given charge of the passenger and telegraph department of the Chicago & Alton Railroad at Lincoln. In the spring of 1868 he was elected City Clerk of Lincoln, and performed the duties of his office iu addition to his other duties. In May, 1869, he was ap- pointed postmaster of Lincoln, and resigned his position with the railroad to assume the duties of his new position, which he has ful- filled with efficiency and to the satisfaction of the citizens of Lin- coln. He began the study of law with Beach & Hodnett, attorneys of Lincoln, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1883. Mr. Cad- wallader was married May 5, 1869, to Sevillah E., daughter of John Wyatt. She died, leaving one child — Albert Clifford, who is also deceased. December 24, 1873, he married Yesta Meguire, of Oquakwa, Illinois. They have one child — Imogene Farquhar. Mrs. Cadwallader is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, — __ ________ r 308 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. of which he is an attendant. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204,1. O. O. F.; Leo W. Myers Post, No. 182, G. A. R., and the American Legion of Honor. Ferdinand L. Oapps, attorney at law, Atlanta, came to America with his parents, who first settled in Wisconsin, and shortly after, in 1858, located in Logan County, making their home in Atlanta. They had a family of six children, five of whom are still living — Henry F., August L., Emil, Eliza and Ferdinand L. Our subject was reared to manhood in Logan County, and there obtained a good education. In January, 1864, he enlisted in Company H, Seventh Illinois Infantry, Army of the Tennessee. On October 5 of the same year he was wounded in the thigh at Allatoona Pass, and was taken to Rome Hos- pital, Georgia, remaining there till a few days prior to the battle of Nashville, when he reported for duty and was as- signed to the provision corps which consisted entirely of con- valescents, and embraced several hundred men, included in the command of General Steadman. A few days after the battle of Nashville he was sent back to his regiment, which was then with General Sherman near Goldsboro, North Carolina, with which he continued till his discharge in July, 1865. He then returned to Atlanta, and some years afterward read law in the office of ex- Judge Dicks, of Logan County. Having passed his legal exami- nations he was admitted to the Logan County bar, and in 1877 he opened his present law office in Atlanta. He is a successful prac- titioner, and is at present serving his fourth term as city attorney. October 23, 1879, he was married to Ella Collins, of Atlanta. Mr. Capps has served one term as supervisor of Atlanta Township. Edd E. M. Cochran, attorney at law, a member of the firm of Harts & Cochran, Lincoln, Illinois, was born near Piketon, Pike County, Ohio, September 9, 1857. When he was seven years of age his father, William T. Cochran, died, and from that time be was obliged to rely inainly on himself for maintenance. Until fifteen years of age he was variously employed, at- tending as he had opportunity the public schools. From his fif- teenth till his nineteenth year he was employed as bookkeeper in Chillicothe and Waverly, and in September, 1876, came to Il- linois and was employed in the abstract office of Randolph & Leutz six months. He then began to read law in tlie office of Harts & James. They paid him a small salary for his services to them and while there ho wrote up a set of abstract books for him- T ^' " — ^ - — "k . LOGAN COUNTY BAE. 309 self, his time for study being nights. A part of the years 1879 and 1880 he was employed as bookkeeper by the Lincoln Coal Mining Company. June 11, 1881, he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Springfield and began his practice at Lincoln. In November of the same year he became associated with his former preceptor, David H. Harts, forming the present law firm of Harts & Cochran. Politically, Mr. Cochran is a Democrat. He was married June 20, 1883, to Mattie E. Arnold, of Eminence, Henry County, Kentucky. They have two children — Laura Ed- wina and Lulu Arnold. Mr. Cochran is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Chaeles H. CtJETis, attorney at law, was born March 15, 1862, in Laenna Township, Logan County, 111., and was educated in the high school at Mount Pulaski. At the age of seventeen he began read- ing law with Beach & Hodnett, Lincoln, 111. In 1882 he grad- uated from the law department of the State University of Iowa, and has since practiced law in Mount Pulaski. He is a Democrat in politics, and is town clnrk. He was married in Mount Pulaski to Ora L., daughter or Dr. M. P. Phinney. She was born April 11, 1862, in Mason City, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis have had two children. Their first-born, a son, Major L., died at the age of six months. They have one daughter. Ruby May, born in Mount Pulaski. Mr. Curtis is a son of Enoch Curtis, a native of Vir- ginia. He removed to Pickaway County, Ohio, where he lived sixteen years and married Polly Dunnuck. They came to Logan County in 1850. Four of their five children were born in Picka- way County, Oiiio — Rebecca, the widow of J. P. Evans, residing in Dakota; William L., a Kansas farmer; Samuel T. and Hiram W. both farming in Logan County. Hon. Stephen Andeew Foley, County Judge, and one of the prominent business men of Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Logan County, born Aug. 27, 1840. His father, William Foley, was a native of Clarke County, Ohio, moved to Logan County in 1834, where he died in 1848. His mother, Sarah J. (Downey) Foley, was also a native of Ohio, and came with her father, James Downey, to Illinois in 1828, locating in what was then McLean County. She died at Atlanta in 1857. Our subject has spent his entire life in Logan County. He lived on a farm till fourteen years of age, receiving a common-school education. When seventeen years of age he began life for himself and for four years was em- ployed in the postoffice at Atlanta. In 1861 he came to Lincoln ^a- 310 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. and made the first abstracts of title in Logan County, which he sold in 1865. He attended the law department of the University of Albany, New York, and in 1866 formed a law partnership with James T. Hoblit, which continued until each began to hold public positions when a dissolution was necessary. In 1877 he "was elected county judge, a position he has since held. In July, 18Y7, he became interested in banking and was elected president of the Lincoln Saving, Loan and Trust Bank, which in 1885 was merged into the Lincoln National Bank, of which he was also chosen presi- dent. In 1878 he became proprietor of the Lincoln gas plant, which he owned until 1884, when the Lincoln Gas and Electric Light Company was organized and he became its president. In 1880 he beca.-ne interested in the Citizen's Coal Shaft, of which he owns a large share and is one of its directors. In 1885 he built the Lincoln Roller Mills, which have the capacity of manufactur- ing 150 barrels of flour daily. He is also proprietor of the Mendota, Illinois, gas plant. He owns about 2,500 acres of farm- ing land in Logan County, all of which is occupied by tenants. Judge Foley's remarkable success in life has been wholly due to his clear judgment and natural business ability. He gives his numerous business interests his personal and untiring attention, and his integrity and honesty have gained for him a high rank in the opinion of the business men, who do not hesitate to place him in positions of honor and trust. He is one of the enterprising and self-made men to whom Lincoln owes its growth and present prosperity. Judge Foley was married Nov. 7, 1867, to Hannah Hahn, daughter of William B. and Sarah (Woodman) Hahn, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Foley died Sept. 23, 1880. She was an active member and one of the founders of Trinity Episcopal Church, of Lincoln, Judge Foley and his children be- ing members of the same organization. He has been one of the wardens since 1871, and is Chancellor of the Diocese of Springfield. Judge Foley has three children — William H., Edna and William. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, lodge, chapter and commandery at Lincoln. D. H. Harts came to Logan County in 1856. He was reared on a Logan County farm and studied in Chicago University Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and has since prac- ticed in Lincoln. He formed a partnership with E. E. M. Cochran in 1882. John Fremont Hilsohbe, attorney at law, Lincoln, was born ip '-^ LOGAN COUNTY BAR. 311 January 23, 1857, at Bethlehem, Hamilton County, Indiana. His parents, Joseph S. and Louise (Woland) Hilscher, were natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. They came to Logan County and located in Eminence Township the same year our snb- iect was horn. He lived there on the farm with his parents until his seventeenth year, when he left his home and went to La Salle, Illinois. Arriving there among total strangers, and without a cent, he sought and soon found work on a farm. In the following fall, 1874, he came to Lincoln, and entered the preparatory department of Lincoln University, which he attended two terms. lie then returned to La Salle, and again worked on a farm till the next fall, after which he taught school for one year at Dimmick Station, in La Salle County. He then taught two terms in a district school, near Dimmick, and in the fall of 1878 entered Knox College at Galesbnrg, Illinois, and went through the Freshman and Sopho- more years, he, with his own earnings, paying the expenses of his tuition, etc., both at Lincoln and at Galesburg. In 1880 he taught a school at Hartsburg, and at the same time commenced the study of law. He continued to teach school and study law until June, 1883, when he made application and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Springfield, and immediately formed a part- nership with S. J. Woland at Lincoln, since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. In politics he is a Republican. On the 3d of December, 1884, Mr. Hilscher was married to Hetta Anderson, of Lincoln, daughter of William and Caroline (Martin) Anderson. He and his wife are both mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Lincoln. J. T. HoBLiT was born near Atlanta, Illinois, and was reared in Logan County. He was admitted to the bar in 1865. Was in partnership with S. Beason a year. From 1867 to 1878 was with Stephen A. Foley; then formed a partnership with W. W. Stokes. He spent 1881 in California. The firm of Blinn & Hoblit was established in 1882. Joseph Hodnbtt, junior member of the law firm of Beach & Hodnett, Lincoln, was born March 5, 1849, in County Limerick, Ireland, a son of Thomas P. and Elizabeth (Halliman) Hodnett. His father was a merchant by occupation, dying in his native country in December, 1848. Joseph Hodnett received his educa- tion first in the primary schools, and later attended the Catholic University at Ennis, Ireland, remaining in his native country till fifteen years of age. He then came to the United States in 1864, T)PV —^ -^ — 312 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. and first ena;aofed in clerking in a store in New York for a few- months. He then went to "Washington, District of Columbia, and from there went to San Francisco, remaining on the Pacific coast five years. In 1870 he located at Lancaster, Wisconsin, and there entered the law office of Barber & Clementson as a student. He was admitted to the bar at Lancaster in 1872 when he came to Lincoln, Logan County, where he made his home with his brother, Rev. T. P. Hodnett, Rector of St. Patrick's Catholic Church. In 1875 he was admitted to the bar at Lincoln, and at once began the practice of his profession with T. T. Beach with whom he has since been associated. December 3, 1876, he was married at Lin- coln to Mary E. Shay, daughter of the late William Shay, an old settler of Logan County. They have four children — Thomas P., Elizabeth G., Joseph and William E. Mr. Hodnett and wife are members of St. Patrick's Catholic Church at Lincoln. RoBEET Humphrey, attorney at law, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of New York City, born July 10, 1853. His parents came to Illinois in 1855, and lived at Geneseo two years, and in 1857 moved to Lincoln where the father died in 1859. His mother marrying again in 1872 he went with her to Sangamon County and remained till 1875 when he returned to Lincoln. He acquired a good education and when eighteen years of age began teaching school in Sangamon County, and taught there four years, and sub- sequently taught four years in Logan County. In the spring of 1875 he began reading law and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court in the spring of 1878. He remained in the office of Beason & Blinn till the spring of 1880 when he began the practice of his profession at Lincoln. In the spring of 1883 he was elected city attorney of Lincoln and was re-elected in 1884. In the fall of 1884 he was elected on the Democratic ticket State's Attorney tor Logan County. From June, 1879, till April 1, 1883, he was librarian of the Lincoln library. He is a member of Cook Lodge, No. 109, A. 0. U. W. John Johnston, attorney at law, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Scotland, born in Glasgow, March 14, 1850. His parents, John and Catherine (Brien) Johnston, were natives of Ireland, but of Scotch descent. When he was three years of age they came to America and lived eight years in Prescott County, Canada. In the spring of 1861 they came to Illinois and settled on a farm in the vicinity of Lincoln. Our subject after graduating from the classical department of Lincoln University in the class of 1877, -.^ LOGAN OOXrNTY BAK. 313 entered the law department of Harvard College, from which he was called after a few months by the sickness and death of his father. He then went into the office of Beach & Hodnett and read law with them about two years. From 1879 till 1882 he was treasurer of ^tua Township and at the same time was justice of the peace of the township. In the spring of 1882 he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Springfield and immediately began to practice in Lincoln. In politics he is a Republican and in 1884 took an active part in the Presidential campaign. He has for several years been a member of the Logan County Ke- publican Committee. He and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, of which he has been a local preacher three years and class-leader two years. He is treasurer of the Young Men's Christian Association, an organization in which he takes a great interest. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and is senior warden of Logan Lodge, No. 480. Mr. Johnston was married February 28, 1878, to Dora Foster, of Vermont, Fulton County, Illinois. They have one child — Emma Alice. Hon. Wm. B. Jones. — The following sketch of the life of Hon. Wm. B. Jones, who has resided in Lincoln since the year 1866, has been furnished by a gentleman who has been intimately acquainted with him, before and since his removal from Kentucky to Illinois. During Mr. Jones's boyhood and youth he labored on a small farm, and obtained a good education, of the character afforded by such country schools as prevailed in Southern Kentucky, where he was born and reared, embracing only such branches as are taught in common schools. At the age of twenty-one years he seriously considered the question of selecting a line of work for life, and was much inclined to become a machinist. His love of books and thirst for knowledge, however, turned the scales, and he selected the legal profession. He studied law with Hon. Franklin Govin, a prominent attorney of Glasgow, Kentucky, his fellow-student being Hon. John G. Rogers, npw one of the judges of the Circuit Court in Chicago. For the last forty-five years Mr. Jones has been engaged in the legal profession in Kentucky and Illinois, with occasional migrations into the field of literature, and is a writer of more than ordinary ability. During the time that he practiced law in Kentucky the bar of that State was composed of men of more than ordinary ability, including Hon. F. Govin, Hon. Joseph R. Underwood, Hon. Wm. V. Loving, Hon. Henry Grider, Hon. F. M. Bristow, Hon. Elijah Hise, Hon. Wm. Sampson, and r H* 314 HISTOKr OF LOGAN COUNTY. numerous other, who had filled high and honorable positions in the United States Senate, in the Lower House of Congress, and upon the bench of the Supreme and Circuit Courts of the State. With that class of men Mr. Jones, as an attorney, was in constant contact, and his ambition prompted the effort to reach the plane in his profession which they occupied. He was always a close stu- dent, and his mind being more logical and analytical than brilliant, his ascent to the head of his profession — which position he finally reached — was not suddenly attained. Prior to 1859 he engaged mostly in civil practice, and was specially partial to land suits and the preparation of business in the equity branch of the courts. Hav- ing no taste for politics he never sought any political office. In 1859, however, he permitted his friends to place him before a convention for congressional nomination. There being three other candidates, and the controversy becoming somewhat heated among their re- spective friends, the convention wisely refused to nominate either, and selected Hon. F. M. Bristow, the father of Hon. B. H. Bristow, late Secretary of the [Jnited States Treasury. During the same year, Mr. Jones was elected attorney for the commonwealth, in a large district, composed of ten counties; and in 1862 was without opposition re-elected to the same office. From 1859 to 1867 he discharged the duties of that office with signal ability and suc- cess, this period embracing the entire time of the war, when the politics of Southern Kentucky arose to fever heat, entered into the channels of private and sociaijlife, and crime became rampant. With a cool head and sound judgment he impartially and faith- fully discharged the duties of criminal prosecutor during that time in such manner as to never leave the law unvindicated, and yet never to procure an unjust conviction. In his impartiality as a prosecutor the people of the district had absolute confidence. Under a law of Kentucky, which authorized the bar to elect a judge pro tempore, in absence of the regular judge of the court, Mr. Jones was very frequently called to the bench, to preside in the trial of civil causes, and as judge gave universal satisfaction. In politics Mr. Jones adhered to the Whig party, so long as it existed, and in 1860 supported the Bell and Everett ticket. As early as 1859 and 1860, seeing, as he believed, the threatening clouds of secession looming up the political horizon, he made a number of speeches, not of a political character, but to impress upon the minds of the people a sentiment of patriotism and devotion to the Government, and perpetual union of the States. When in 1861 hostilities actu- LOGAN OOnNTT BAK. 315 ally commenced, he promptly connected himself with the Eepub- lican party, as the only party in the South pledging itself to sustain the Government. During the entire war he boldly and publicly declared his uncompromising devotion to the union of the States, and oppositioQ to disunion. He gave his entire influence and much of his means to promote the Union cause; attended his courts and transacted his oflicial business, often under protection of a guard, furnished by the Federal military authorities; was once arrested by the order of a drunken Greneral named Hindman, of the Con- federate army, promptly condemned to be hanged, and saved by the intercession of personal friends, who were secessionists, made to General Hardee who was Hindman's superior in command and rank, and during the latter x'art of the war, to avoid guerrilla arrest or assassination, frequently sought the protection afforded by a forest near his residence, where, wrapped in a blanket, with mother earth for his bed, he spent the night. His adventures, given in detail, many of them of a thrilling character, would read like a romance, and fill a volume. Mr. Jones has been an unswerving advocate of temperance and has delivered many lectures, in advocacy of the principles contended for by temperance workers. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and is a quiet, unosten- tatious Christian gentleman, a social companion and true friend, kind, sympathetic and charitable. This sketch would not be complete without mention of his excellent wife — a kind. Christian woman, of rare good sense and diversified accomplishments, who has for nearly forty years been his companion through the vicissi- tudes of his checkered life, assisting him to build up a reputation, rejoicing with him in prosperity, and sympathizing with him in ad- versity. Together they have toiled up life's ascent, passed its summit, and, with affection undiminished, are descending the downward grade to their final rest. Edmund Ltnoh, attorney at law, Lincoln, was born March 8, 1842, in East Constable, Franklin County, New York, a son of Edmund and Ellen (Dobbin8)Lynch, natives of Ireland. He was reared in his native town, remaining with his parents till twenty years of age, and was educated in the public schools of Constable, and at Franklin Academy, Malone, New York. He left his home for Illinois in 1862 and worked on a farm in Kendall County till the following fall. He then came to Logan County where he taught in the public schools till 1866, when he began the study of law with Colonel W. D. Wyatt. He was admitted to the bar in 1867 and 20 «!■£_: ^ r 316 HIBTOBY OF LOGAN COUNTY. immediately entered upon the practice of hia profession at Lincoln where he has since built up a good practice. He was married at Lincoln, June 21, 1866, to Jeriisha Matthews, of Logan County. They have four children — William Edmund, Mary Ellen, Robert Emmet and Frances Ethel, all at home. In politics Mr. Lynch is a Democrat. In 1868 he was elected city attorney of Lincoln, holding that office during 1870 and 1871, by re-election. In 1876 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket to the office of Attorney General of the State of Illinois, but was defeated. Mr. Lynch is a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church at Lincoln. Robert Ceugton Maxwell, attorney at law, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Ohio, born in Dhrichsville, Tuscarawas County, August 6, 1849. His parents were Robert and Jemima (Keepers) Max- well, the former a native of Virginia, of Scotch descent, and the latter of Ohio, of Welsh descent. When he was five years of age his parents moved to Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, where the father died in 1855. His mother then returned to Ohio, where she is still living. After the father's death the family was broken up and our subject found a home with strangers. He mainly supported and educated himself, attending the school of Uhrichsville till seven- teen years of age. In 1866 he left Ohio and came to Illinois, and taught school in Logan County till 1872, with the exception of one term in the village of Williamsville, Sangamon County. From 1872 till the spring of 1877 he engaged in farming in the vicinity of Lin- coln, and in the meantime studied law under the preceptorship of W. B. Jones and T. T. Beach, and also attended the law department of the Lincoln University one term. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Springfield in January, 1877, and then went into the law office of Beason & Blinn of Lincoln. In the spring of 1878 he began the practice of his profession, and the same year was elected city attorney. In 1881 he was appointed by Governor Cnllom public administrator of Logan County, a position he still holds. He has at different times held the office of township col- lector, justice of the peace and township clerk, and has always ful- filled the duties imposed on him faithfully and efficiently. In 1881 he was a member of the City Board of Education. December 25, 1868, Mr. Maxwell married Margaret E., daughter of Charles and Louisa (England)Turley, of Williamsville, Illinois. They have four children— Charles C, Mabel C, Bertha L. and William K. Mr. Maxwell is a member of Glendower Lodge, No. 45, K. P. He and his wife are members of the Christian church, of which he is A^^ ±^ LOGAN COUNTY BAB. 317 an Elder. Hie political affiliations are with the Kepublican party. L. C. SoHWEEDTFEGER, attorney, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of New York City, born July 30, 1856, but was reared in Jersey City, his parents having removed to that city when he was two years old. He received a common-school education in his youth, and at the age of nineteen years he entered the law department of Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor, from which he graduated in the class of 1879. He then came to Lincoln, Illinois, and was admit- ted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Ottawa, after wliich he engaged in the practice of law at Lincoln, which he followed till 1881. He then embarked in journalism, purchasing the Lincoln Daily Record, changing the name to the Lincoln Daily Journal, and in connection with this paper he in 1882 began to publish the Logan County Tribune, a weekly paper, both being still in exist- ence. In 1883 he retired from journalism, renting his office, of which he is still the owner, and again engaged in the practice of law. In October, 1884, he was appointed by the Board of Super- visors one of the examiners of the official accounts of county officers, which position he still holds. In 1883 he was one of the incorporators of the Lincoln Savings and Building Association, of which he has been secretary since its organization. In 1880 he helped re-organize the Union Cemetery Association of Lincoln, a corporation controlling one of the most beautiful rural cemeteries in the State, Mr. Schwerdtfeger being secretary of this association. Mr. Schwerdtfeger has been Secretary of the Central Illinois Bee- keepers' Association since 1883. He takes a great interest in bee culture, and is the owner of a valuable apiary, having at much expense secured pure Italian bees. He has also a valuable apiarian library. itTovember 18, 1880, he was married to Amalie Koehnle, daughter of Fred. C. W. Koehnle, of Lincoln. They have two children — Lucile and Albert H. Politically Mr. Schwerdtfeger is a Republican. He has served as secretary of the Logan County Republican Central Committee since 1880. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. M. ; Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, R. A. M., and of Constantine Commandery, No. 51, K. T., and has served several years as secretary of both lodge and chapter. Mr. Schwerdtfeger's parents, Henry and Pauline (Koehnle) Schwerdtfeger, were both natives of Germany. They came to America in 1851 and settled in New York City, theuce to New Jersey, and in 1882 came to Lincoln, Illinois, where they have pince made their home. Wr 318 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. S. L. Wallace, a native of Ohio, came to Lincoln in 1870 from Indiana. He was admitted to practice in 1875. Practiced five years in Mt. Palaski, and since 1880 in Lincoln. Solomon J. Woland, senior member of the law firm of Woland & Hilscher, of Lincoln, was born near Williamsport, Pennsylvania, February 19, 1845. When he was ten years old he came with his parents, Solomon and Catherine (Radle) Woland, to Logan County, Illinois, they locating in Eminence Township for a short time when they removed to Orvil Township, remaining there till the spring of 1864. Our subject then enlisted as a private in the lOO-days service in Company D, One Hundred and Forty- fifth Illinois Infantry. He was soon promoted to Second Ser- geant, but before assuming the duties of that rank he was taken sick. He was discharged with his regiment at Camp Butler, Illi- nois, in the fall of 1864, having served about five months. He then returned to the homestead, and worked on the farm during the summers, attending the district schools during the winter months, and one spring term in 1866 in Eureka College, till 1866, and during the winter of 1866-'67 he tauglit his first term of school at Buckeye, on the Kickapoo. He then taught four terms in Logan County, and in the spring of 1871 he was employed as clerk in the store of Henry Ruhaak, at Hartsburg, Illinois, remaining with him two years, they together buying grain for Smith, Hippen & Co., of Pekin, Illinois. He then, in 1873, having lost through the treachery of his partner what he had previously made, was obliged to teach school again, and was so engaged till the spring of 1875. He then began the study of law in the office of Colonel Ed. Lynch, at Lincoln, with whom he studied two years. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Mount Vernon in the spring of 1877, after which he practiced with his preceptor one year. In 1878 he became associated with O. C. Sharp with whom he practiced law at Lincoln till 1881, after which he continued alone till June, 1883, when J. F. Hilscher became his partner, thus forming the present law firm of Woland & Hilscher. Mr. Woland was married January 1, 1880, to Carrie Hall, daugh- ter of Timothy Hall, of Lincoln. They have two children — Frank R. and Maud May. Mrs. Woland is a member of the Baptist church at Lincoln. Mr. Woland is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. 0. F.,of Lincoln. In politics he was formerly a Republican but is now a Prohibitionist, on which platform he has been twice elected city attorney of the city of Lincoln, and in the sr"" LOGAN COUNTY BAR. 319 fall of 1884 ran for State's Attorney in Logan County, Illinois, on this same platform, leading all the other candidates who were on the same platform with him for the various county offices. WiLTOED D. Wtatt, attorney at law, Lincoln, Illinois, was born September 1, 1821, in Morgan County, Illinois, a son of William and Rachel Wyatt, and is the oldest living native of that county. He was the second white child born in the county ; the first child, a girl, died in infancy. He was reared on a farm near Jackson- ville, remaining with his parents till fourteen years of age, when, his father dying, he was obliged to depend on his own exertions for his maintenance. He worked at farming in the spring, summer and autumn months, and attended the country schools during the winter months till twenty-one years of age. Being ambitious to obtain a good education he had saved his earnings and in the fall of 1842 entered Illinois College at Jacksonville. Early in 1844 he left school and went to St. Louis, Missouri, and soon after accepted a second clerkship on a St. Louis and New Orleans steamer. In the latter part of June of the same year he obtained a situation as teacher in Phillips County, Arkansas, and taught in that county and in Coahoma County, Mississippi, until the breaking out of the Mexican war, in 1846. In the meantime he had devoted all his spare time,mornings and evenings,and during his vacations to the study of law, and while in Mississippi he for some time was employed in the clerk's office. He enlisted in the war with Mexico in a Mississippi regiment and served until its close. He returned to his home in Mississippi in July, 1848, and remained till the winter of 1849 and then removed to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and opened an office for the practice of law, and also became the editor and proprietor of the Pine Bluff BepvMioan, a Democratic organ. He took an active part in the politics of the State until his health failed, in 1853, when he sold out his printing office, returned to Illinois and located at Carrollton, Greene County, where he practiced law, and also in 1855 and 1856 edited the Greene County Democrat. When the State Legislature con- vened in 185Y he was elected first assistant secretary of the Senate, and at that time removed to Lincoln, where he has since lived. At the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he recruited and took to Camp Tates the Lincoln Guards, the first Illinois company in camp. The company was assigned to the Seventh Illinois In- fantry, the first infantry of tlie State recruited for the war, and be was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. At the ~^f ^l l^ 320 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOCNTr. expiration of his term of service (three months) he returned home and resumed the practice of his profession. In October, 1879, he was appointed master in chancery of the Circuit Court of Logan County and has been re-appointed three times, still holding the position. Mr. Wyatt ranks high in the legal profession, both as a special pleader and as a reliable counselor, and is eminently fitted for the responsible position he now occupies. TH A CHAPTER X. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Pkeliminaet Remarks. — Physicians of the Past. — Lincoln, Mt. Pdlaski and Atlanta. — Phtsioians of the Present. — Bio- GKAPHICAL. The life of a medical practitioner in a newly settled country is generally one of toil and hardship. Compensation is usually meager, and however extensive may be the physician's practice, much of it must be rendered gratuitously on account of the pov- erty of his patients. A strong constitution and abundant patience is requisite to success, and success frequently means on the part of the physician merely the consciousness that he has performed his duty well. Many of those who first ministered to the sick in this county were not graduates of any medical institution, and would not to-day be recognized as competent physicians; but they exercised what knowledge they had in the interests of euffering humanity, and deserve credit for what they did. As the county grew in population, the number of physicians increased, and in a few years all the settlers had reliable medical advisers within a short distance from their homes. Fever and ague was the chief complaint, and by far the most frequent among the early settlers. It was especially prevalent in the region lying along Salt Creek, Aside from this disease, from which few pioneer settlements in the West were ever entirely free, there was little sickness. The early settlers were generally men and women of strong constitutions and robust health. They never called a doctor unless their symptoms were alarming, but instead relied upon the efficacy of herb teas and other simple remedies. Had it not been for fever and ague, doctors would have had but little to do. That disease disappeared as the country improved, and now few portions of the country can boast of a healthier cli- mate and population than Logan County. No great epidemics have ever visited the people. There is nothing in the condition of air or climate to cause disease; and the present generation is free (331) —I ^==:^ "5) > 322 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOUNTY. from inherited taints, and blest with good habits and vigorous health. The physicians of Logan Oountj have generally been men of more than average ability in their profession. JS"ot a few have been men .of culture and extensive scholarship. The present prac- titioners are almost without exception reckoned among the most honorable citizens, and in their professional character are possessed of jadgmsnt, faithfulness, knowledge and skill such as entitled them to rank among the most useful members of society. LINCOLN. The first physician to locate at this point was Dr. H. P. Kelso, who came about the time Lincoln was first projected, and practiced here till his death, which occurred during the war. He was not highly educated, but was a plain, practical man, of good judgment, and was personally popular. Though he enjoyed a good practice, he died poor. A Dr. Blackburn tarried here also a few years, leaving just before the war. He was considered a fair "country doctor," not brilliant but a good, reliable man. He enjoyed a mod- erately large practice, not equal to that of Dr. Kelso. Dr. J. H. Beidler, afterward of Mt. Pulaski, was another ante-bellum phy- sician of Lincoln. Then there was a Dr. Fuller, not a very reliable man, who left after a few years' residence. Drs. A. and R. S. Miller, brothers, located here about 1860, were considered competent, and enjoyed a fair practice during their stay. The former is now in Macoupin County, and the latter in Montana Territory. Dr. Joseph C. Eoss, a surgeon in the army during the late war, came to Lincoln after the expiration of his term of service and practiced here till his death in 188i. He was a partner of Dr. A. M. Miller for five years. He was well educated, being the possessor of the degree of M. A. from Miami University, and had an excellent pro- fessional training. He was a popular man, enjoyed a good prac- tice and accumulated some property. The above named are the best remembered of the members of the ncedical profession who have resided in Lincoln but have closed their labors here; the roll of present practitioners includes Drs. A. M. Miller, Samuel Sargent, L. L. Leeds, H. B. Brown, T. Newkirk, H. K. Ehrlick, E. N. Wilson, "W. W. Howser, T. W. Primm, Charles Fusch (Hom.) and Kate Miller. MT. PULASKI. Dr. Barton Robinson, one of the original proprietors of this sPv THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 323 village was an Englishman, born in London about 1800. He came to Sangamon County, this State, in an early day, and thence here in 1836, where he practiced till 1856 or 1857. He then went to Cairo, but afterward returned for a short stay before going to Paris, Kansas, in which State he is now located. He was a repu- table citizen and a good physician for his day. Dr. Granville Fain came in the " forties," and practiced until about 1860. He is still living in Mason County. He was well read, but an eccen- tric man, and his hobbies made him rather unpopular. A Dr. Dickinson died here in 1854, after about ten-years practice. Dr. John Clark came about 1846 or '47 and followed farming in con- nection with the practice of medicine until his death. Though he had no diploma, he was a Christian gentleman, popular, cautious and safe. He deserves to be remembered as a prominent and pub- lic-spirited citizen. Dr. Samuel Sargent came from Waverly, Ohio, about 1854. Dr. John C. Mershon came in the "forties" from Akron, Ohio, went to Michigan in 1858; thence to Ohio; re- turned here in 1882, and one year later removed to Peoria. Dr. Wemple came in 1856, and was for a time in partnership with Dr. Sargent in the drug business. The latter is now practicing medi- cine at Lincoln. Dr. or Major Wemple has not practiced since the war. Dr. J. H. Beidler moved from near Philadelphia to Ohio in 1852, and practiced at Chillicothe for a few years. In 1857 he came to Logan County with S. Linn Beidler, was at Lincoln several years, and then fixed his residence at Mt. Pulaski. He held for two terms the office of superintendent of schools. Dr. J. N. Pumpelly came herefrom Atlanta in 1859, and practiced until his death, twenty years later. He stood very high in the community. Dr. A. H. Lanphier, now of Kansas City, came in 1859 and re- mained two or three years. He then removed to Springfield, where he had a large practice, being an excellent physician. He was afterward connected with a chemical establishment, and later went to Kansas City. While at Mt. Pulaski Dr. Lanphier was a partner of Dr. A. N. Fellows, who came also in 1859. Dr. Fellows joined the army as a surgeon, and after his return went to Lincoln whence he went to Parsons, Kansas, having acquired a fair repu- tation. Dr. T. C. Bryan, from Jacksonville, located here in 1866, and in the winter of 1871-'2 died of confluent small-pox — the only case ever in Mt. Pulaski. Dr. M. P. Phinney came about 1873, and is yet in practice. Dr. W. S. Mendenhall, of Indianapolis, located here in 1877, and two years later left. He is now at Win- .V" ^ 324 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. field, Kan3a8. Dr. P. H. Oyler, of Indianapolis, came about 1877 or '78, and in the latter year came Drs. C. F. Poppele and E. 0. Nolan. Dr. Geo. W. Ebrite has been here since 1880, and Dr. T. C. Meads since 1881. ATLANTA.. Before this place was even projected, two physicians lived in this neighborhood, and practiced till their death. The first was Dr. Win, an educated man, and a graduate. The second was Dr. Proctor, who lived at Mt. Hope, and had an extensive practice for • many miles in every direction. The first to locate at Atlanta was a Dr. Rankin, who located about 1862, and three or four years later went South. He is now in Northern Illinois. Though a man of good judgment, he was not highly educated, and did but little here. The second arrival in Atlanta was Dr. George M. Angell, who came in the spring of 1863 and has practiced con- tinuously since, except three years. The third was Jerome Tenney, who had resided at Armington for many years. He graduated at Jacksonville, came here in 1854, and remained until 1881, when he went to Florida. He was an A. B. and an M. D., was a good physician and did well here. He served in the late war as a Lieu- tenant of cavalry. Dr. Kirk, still practicing, came about the same time with Dr. Tenney. A Dr. Johnson was here "off and on" five or six years before the war, and then settled at McLean, where he died. Dr. Stewart came soon after the close of the war, in which he attained the rank of Colonel. He had been in medical practice at Waynesville before the war. He resided here until 1877, wlien he went to Texas, and is now following his profession there. Though not a graduate, he was a bright man, had a good knowledge of his business, and acquired a fair practice. Dr. White came soon after Stewart, and left in 1875 or '76. He was a very capable man and a graduate from Philadelphia. He kept a drug store here for a time. His practice was not extensive. Dr. Benjamin F. Gardner came about fifteen years ago and is still here. Drs. Serieux and Yoke were homeopathic physicians, each remain- ing at Atlanta several years. The physicians now practicing here are: Drs. W. F. Kirk, B. F. Gardner, G. M. Angell, A. Bartholo- mew, C. M. Hough, G. W. Dunn and J. L. Lowry. BIOGRAPHICAL. John R. Barnett, M. D., was born in Williamstown, Kentucky, Feb. 14, 1852, a son of Thomas A. and Atnarias (Vance) Barnett, f THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 325 who were also natives of Kentucky. The family removed from Kentucky to Indiana, and in 186Y came to Lo^an County, Illinois, settling at Latham. John R. was reared to farming pursuits, .and for many years worked by the month for farmers. He was edu- cated in the common schools, and also Lincoln University. He subsequently taught school four years, and while engaged in teach- ing at Middletown, commenced reading medicine with Dr. "W". 0. Maull as preceptor. In 1878 he entered Rush Medical College, from which he graduated Feb. 21, 1881, and in June of the same year he located at Hartsburg, succeeding Dr. L. Loda, where he has a large and lucrative practice. The Doctor has been twice married. In 1879 he was married to Mary Reed, daughter of Dr. T. M. Reed, of Middletown. She died three months after her marriage. In January, 1884, our subject married Mary Morris, of Columbus Grove, Ohio. To this union has been born one son — Clarence M. In politics Dr. Sarnett is a staunch Republican. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, at Lincoln, and superintendent of the Sunday-school at Hartsburg. He is a Master Mason and a member of the Odd-Fellow's order, and Ancient Order of United Workmen, having represented the latter order in the grand lodge of the State for four years. He is also a member of the corps of snrgeons of the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroad. Amos Bartholomew, physician of Atlanta, was born Oct. 12, 1808, in Jefferson County, Ohio. His parents, Moses and Eliza- beth Bartholomew, were natives of Maryland and Virginia, respect- ively, coming to Jefferson County in 1805, where Amos was born and brought up to manhood. He received his primary education in the subscription schools of his native county, and at the age of twenty-two he entered what is now known as Capital University at Columbus, Ohio, from which he graduated after an attendance of three years, in the meantime preparing himself for his ministerial duties. Since that time he has labored zealously for the cause of religion for many years, and at various periods has held important offices in the Presbytery. In the fall of 1868 he resigned his pas- torate at Belle Center, Ohio, where he was at that time settled pastor. He then came to Mason City, Illinois, and began the practice of medicine, being the first physician to introduce Home- opathy into Mason County. In 1870 he received a call from the church at Williamsville, Sangamon County, where he remained but a short time, and in 187'J he received a call from the presbytery SV*- ■^ 326 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. to the Presbyterian cliarch of Atlanta, where, in connection with his pastoral duties, he began the practice of medicine, which he has followed with success. He was first married in Ohio in April, 1835, to Eliza Ann Landes, by whom he has had seven children; three are still living — William A., Mary L. and Almira L. He was again married in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1871, to Isabel C. Munce. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has filled many of the important offices of that society, and was a charter member of Cypress Encampment, No. 10, of Zanesville, Ohio. He has spent a life of usefulness worthy of imitation, and the good he has accomplished will undoubtedly have its influence on future generations. Dr. John Claek, deceased, was a son of David and Sallie (Wi- nans) Clark, and was born in Miami County, Ohio, November 25, 1810. David Clark, born August 28, 1776, in Essex County, New Jersey, removed to Kentucky in 1798, and in 1800 married Rachel Ratter, who died four years later. In 1805 he removed to what is now Cincinnati, and made the brick for the first brick house erected in the embryo city. The following year he was married in So'.nerset County, New Jersey, to Sallie Winans, born October 25, 1788, and in 1809 settled in Miami County, Ohio, coming thsnce to Sugar Creek, Sangamon County Illinois. Our subject, John Clark, came with them, and, a year later, returned to Miami County, Ohio, where he married in August, 1830, Eliza Tremain, born May 24, 1810, in New York State. For about twelve years they engaged in farming in Sangamon County, then coming to Mount Pulaski, where Dr. Clark began the practice of his profession, he having studied medicine in his native county and graduated from the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati. He became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1828 and was trustee of the Mount Pulaski Methodist Episcopal Church from its organizition to his death. He was County Commissioner of Logan County for four years aud Justice of the Peace seveuteen years, during which time he married eighty-four couples. He died January 28, 1877, and is buried in Mount Pulaski Cemetery. His widow is stiM living in Mount Pulaski. George W. Dunn, physician and surgeon of Atlanta, was born in Richmond, Yorkshire, England, June 29, 1841, a son of Richard and Ann Dunn. He received his primary education in the Rich- mond corporation school, and at the age of thirteen years he was apprenticed as a pupil teacher in the Richmond parish school r THE MEDIOAL PROFESSION. 327 where he remained live years, and passed every annual Government •examination successfully, receiving his Government certificate in 1860. In 1860 he came to America, and after spending a short time in South Adams, Massachusetts, went to New York where he was employed a few months in the oflSce of the American Temper- ance Union. He was then appointed to take charge of Millburn sta- tion, in the Newark, New Jersey, Methodist Episcopal Conference preaching there till the following September. He was then re- ceived into the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Cihurch, and was stationed at Republic, Seneca County, Ohio, one year, after which he was stationed at Melmore for the same time. He was then transferred to Avon, Lorain County, and a year later was sent to Port Clinton, remaining there one year. He then became pastor of the church at Monticello, Lewis County, Missouri, where he preached about sixteen months. The two years following he spent on his farm in Lewis County, and in 1869 he was appointed to La- mar circuit for one year after which he was on Medoc circuit. For several years he had devoted his leisure time to the study of medi- cine, and in 1872 he graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio, being the valedictorian of his class. The same year he located at Georgia City, Jasper County, Missouri, where be engaged in the practice of medicine. In 1874 he located near Neosho, Missouri, thence to Lamar, Missouri, removing from the latter place-in 1877 to Forest City, Macon County, Illinois. In 1879 became to Atlanta, Logan County, where he has since fol- lowed his profession. He has secured a large practice and is classed among the leading practitioners of Logan County. The Doctor is still actively engaged in advancing the interests of the church, and for two years he served efficiently as president of the Ljgan County Christian Temperance Union. He is now president of the Logan County Sabbath-school Association. September 10, 1863, he was married to Kate Shaffner, of Seneca County, Ohio. This union has been blessed with six children— Harry W., A. Lin- <;oln, Kingsley G., Anna K., Dora D. and Richard M. Richard is deceased. In politics Dr. Dunn votes the Prohibition ticket. George W. Ebrite, A. M., M. D., was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1840. His father was a teacher, and owned a farm, where George W. spent his early life. At the age of fifteen he entered the Lebanon Academy, and later the Jonestown Col- legiate Institute, where he studied two years. He then attended, for one year, the Lebanon Yalley College, afterward entering l^ 328 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOBNTr. Dartmouth College, from which historic institution he received the degree of A. B. in 1866. During 1867 he attended a course of lectures in the Long Island College Hospital, then entering the medical department at Dartmouth, from which he received his diploma in 1869, and the following year the degree of A. M. He practiced at Taylorville, Pennsylvania, for four years; at Gordon, Pennsylvania, eighteen months, eight years at Ashland, Pennsyl- vania, and in September, 1882, moved to Mt. Pulaski, Illinois. During the campaign of 1884 he edited the Mt. Pulaski Cit- izen, in advocacy of the election of President Cleveland. Dur- ing the civil war. Dr. Ebrite enlisted in the Penn Reserves, and took part in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Mechanics- ville, Gaine's Mill, Savage Station, Frazier's Farm, Malvern Hill, etc. His horse was shot from under him atthebattleof Antietam. He served three years, and was made Sscond Lieutenant in the Signal Corps, where he served for some time. Dr. Ebrite makes a specialty of difficult cases of surgery, which branch of the pro- fession is his pride. He has successfully treated a dozen bad cases of fracture, among which was that of George Hasselman, whose skull was so split, by a runaway accident, as to cause part of the brain to protrude. Another case is that of the young son of George Mier, a lad of ten, whose skull was similarly opened by the kick of a horse. Both entirely recovered after three or four months' treat- ment. Other cases might be mentioned, but these will suffice. The Doctor is a member of the Brainerd District and Mississippi Valley medical societies. He is a Master Mason. He married Miss Sarah M., daughter of David Hanna, at Penn Hail, Penn- sylvania, her birth-place. They have five children. The Doctor is a member of the Lutheran church. "William Bassett Fish, M. D., medical superintendent ot the Illinois Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, at Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Massachusetts, born at Lee, Berkshire County, Septem- ber 28, 1850, a son of William Tally and Harriet Rebecca (Bas- sett) Fish, the former a native of Connecticut, of English descent, and his mother of Massachusetts, of Puritan ancestry, tracing her descendants to the Mayflower. He was given a good education in his native town, and when about fifteen years of age went to sea in a whaling vessel, being in that service a year. He then was in the Merchants' service of the United States Navy over two years, when in the latter part of 1869 he returned home, and engaged in the manufacturing business with his father at Lee. In 1871 the Vis — - ^:=iV h^Sa^ A :^ THE MBDIOAL PEOFESSION. 329 business was discontinued, and he was employed as bookkeeper by the HoUey Manufacturing Company at Lakeville, Connecticut, till 1876, when at the solicitation of Dr. Henry M. Knight, Superin- tendent of the Connecticut Institution for Feeble-Minded Children, went to New York City and began the study of medicine, with the view of fitting himself for the care and treatment of that un- fortunate class. He attended lectures at the College of Physi- cians andSnrgeons,N"ew York City,and the Albany Medical College, graduating from the latter in March, 1879. He then spent a year in practice at Albany, and in 1880 was appointed superintendent of the Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded, at Elwyn, where he remained till October 4, 1883, when he was appointed by the Board of Trustees, medical superintendent of the Illinois Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, at Lincoln. Dr. Fish was married February 14, 1882, at Haverhill, Massachusetts, to Miss Jessie H. Stewart. They are members of the Episcopal church. "William B. Gutteet, M. D., Middletown, Illinois, was born in Boone County, Indiana, May 7, 1850, a son of Milliken and Re- becca (Stevenson) Guttery. In 1865 his parents came to Logan County, and settled in East Lincoln Township, where they still live. In 1869 he entered Lincoln University and was a student there about three years. He then began teaching and followed that occupation five years. In the meantime he devoted his leisure time to the study of medicine, reading with Drs. W. "W. House and H. B. Brown. In the fall of 1879 he entered the St. Louis Medical College and graduated in March, 1881. Four days after his graduation he located in Middletown where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Guttery married Mary Jane, daughter of James Johnson, of Sheridan Township. They have two children — Walter Milliken and Sadie E. Thaddeus F. Hamer, M. D., was born in the kingdom of Han- over, Germany, January 27, 1848. He followed the mercantile traide in his native country till December 31, 1870, when he immigrated to America, landing at New York. He came to Illinois and was engaged as bookkeeper for a firm which dealt in hardware and farm implements at Pekin till the fall of 1872. He also clerked for a short time at Emden in the first store at that place. He returned to his native country for the purpose of studying pharmacy, and thus prepared himself for a druggist. He attended the university eighteen months where he also took a scientific course. In July, 1878, he again returned to the United States, and received a diploma 330 HI8T0KT OF LOGAN OOUNTT. in pharmacy in the State of New Jersey. He again came to Illi- nois and purchased a drug business at Hartsbnra;, to which he added a stock of hardware, und conducted this business till 1881. He then sold out to his brother, Fred Hamer, and again went to Ger- many where he entered the University at Marburg of Hesse, from which he graduated, receiving the degree of M. D. in 1884. He then spent about three mouths at Berlin, practicing in the hospi- tals, when he again returned to the United States, and located at Hartsbnrg in May, 1885, where he is building up a good practice. He was reared in the faith of the Cumberland Presbyterians, his father being a minister of that denomination. De. Geeen Hill, of Middletown, is one of the oldest practicing physicians of Logan County. He was born near Franklin, "William- son County, Tennessee, July 1,1813, and is descended from old and honorable Southern families, bis ancestors on his father's side com- ing from North Carolina, and his maternal ancestors from Virginia. The late Honorable Benjamin Hill, of Georgia, belonged to another branch of the Doctor's family. Dr. Hill received an excellent lit- erary and medical education. When he was sixteen years old he entered the Franklin Academy which was at that time presided over by Bishop James H. Otey, who became noted during the late war. After attending the college a year he went to Nashville, and there received his medical education. He began the practice of medicine at his old home when twenty-two years of age, which he has ever followed, his experience covering a period of over fifty years. After remaining near Franklin about two years he went to Columbus, Mississippi, where he practiced his profession, and kept a drug store for about ten years. In March, 1850, he came to Illinois and was temporarily located at Elkhart. In 1852 he came to Middletown where he has since lived, engaged in practicing medi- cine. The Doctor first came to Logan County in 1836 and entered 720 acres of land in Hurlbut Township, and also purchased twenty acres of timber land. He made a trip to Illinois on horseback in about ten days, bringing the money with which he paid for his land in his saddlebags. The Doctor kept this land till he returned to Illinois in 1850 when he sold it for $7 per acre. When he set- tled in this vicinity physicians were very few in number, so he had much traveling, sometimes going many miles to visit a patient, and often while crossing the prairie meeting with wolves and other wild animals. Money was scarce with the settlers in those early days, in fact about the only money the Doctor saw during the first ^ iw""ieyyy - THE MEDICAL PBOFE38ION. 331 year or two of his residence here was what he brought with him from Tennessee, he being generally paid in corn. The Doctor has now a good office practice, and only makes professional visits into the country when he cannot do otherwise. He has maintained through a long professional career an enviable reputation as a skill- ful and successful physician, and as an intelligent, honorable and upright citizen. He has a pleasant home in Middletown, and a farm of 120 acres in the township. He has been three times mar- ried, his first wife being Martha Ann Kirkpatrick, whom he mar- ried in 1834. They had two children— Mary and Sarah A. The latter died at the ago of sixteen years ; the former married John Brandon, of Franklin, Tenn. She and her husband are deceased, leaving six children, all of whom survive. His first wife died in Mississippi, and he was afterward married in Mississippi to Sarah Ann Vanmiddlesworth, of Auburn, New York, who died in Logan County in 1858, leaving two daughters — Catherine, who married Lewis Yarney, a lawyer of Saratoga Springs, New York; and Ella M., living near Austin, Texas, the wife of C.C. Baker. The Doctor's present wife is Martha R. Caldwell, of Logan County, and to this union has been born five sons — Green E., Thomas C, John H., Harry C, and Tolbert F. In politics Dr. Hill is a staunch Demo- crat, and has always advocated the principles of that party. He is a member of the Christian church at Broadwell, and is also a member of the Odd Fellows order. Geeen B. Hoblit, M. D., deceased, a native of Logan County, born August 10, 1841, was a son of J. E. Hoblit, of Atlanta Town- ship. He was reared in this county and educated in the public schools of Atlanta. He read medicine for three successive years with Dr. Kirk, of Atlanta, and subsequently attended the Chicago Medical (Jollege, from which he graduated with the degree of M. D. in March, 1869. The following June he located at Benton, Frank- lin County, Illinois, where he was successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession till his death, which occurred September 10, 1881. He was married November 10, 1869, to Mary C. Hamilton, daughter of Colonel Lorenzo D. and Martha Hamilton, her father having been prominently identified with Atlanta Township since its organization. To Dr. and Mrs. Hoblit were born seven children, of whom only two are living — Byron H. and Birdie. Dr. Hoblit was a member of the delegation from the nineteenth district of Illinois, taking part in the convention which nominated General Hancock for President. His remains were 21 dFT 33i} HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. interred by the Masonic fraternity with appropriate ceremony, he having been a member of that order. His widow resided at Ben- ton till 1883, since which she has been a resident of Atlanta. She is a member of the Christian church. Silas E. McClelland, physician and surgeon, Beason, was born January 13, 1860, in Decatur, Illinois, his parents, Joseph E. and Margaret McClelland, being natives of Ohio. He was educated in his native town, graduated from the Decatur High School in 1875. He then entered the drug store of J. T. Hubbard, of De- catur, where he remained four years, becoming a skilled pharma- cist. He entered Kush Medical College, of Chicago, in September, 1882, from which he graduated in February, 1884. During the summer of 1883 he spent some time in practice with his brother. Dr. W. E. McClelland, of Midland City, Illinois. In 1884 he lo- cated at Beason, Logan County, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, and is meeting with excellent success. He is also the proprietor of a well-patronized drug store at Beason. He was married November 26, 1884, to Sarah Armstrong, daughter of Andrew and Sarah Armstrong of ^tna Township, Logan County. The Doctor is a member of the Masonic fraternity of Lincoln, Illinois. P. H. Oylee, M. D., is the son of George Oyler, a farmer, resid- ing near Carlysle, Pennsylvania. He was born October 13, 1846, and remained on the farm until fourteen years of age, when he left home to seek a more advanced course of instruction than the public schools of the vicinity then afforded. Subsequently he began the study of medicine under Dr. Keiffer, of Carlysle, Penns3'lvania, but for want of means lie was obliged to abandon his medical studies, temporarily, and resort to manual labor to raise funds to prosecute his studies. In 1864 he was a forage master in General Sheridan's army, in which capacity he continued to serve until in the spring of 1865, when he was discharged. He soon after went to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he learned carriage-making, and attended night. school. He continued working at his trade until 1870, having then accumulated several thousand dollars by indus- try and economy. The next two years he was a clerk in a drug store at Columbus, Indiana. Later he became the proprietor of a drug store and continued in the business until he entered the Louis- ville Medical College. In 1878 he graduated from the latter institu- tion and moved to Mt. Pulaski, Illinois, where he has ever since been actively engaged in the practice of medicine. He is a member liL. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 333 of the State Medical Society of Illinois and a permanent member of the American Medical Association. He was married at Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1868, to Sarah J. Westover, formerly of Cincinnati, Ohio, with whom he has three children, two sons and one daughter. Lewis M. Pbbkt, M. D., a well and favorably known physician of Logan County, was born in Newcastle, Henry County, Ken- tucky, September 1, lS36, his parents, William A. and Caroline B. Perry, being natives of Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, respect- ively. Lewis M. received good educational advantages early in life. October 7, 1861, he enlisted in defense of the Union in Company H, Sixth Kentucky Infantry,' serving nearly four years. Before entering the service he had been Captain of a home guard company; he therefore made himself very useful in drilling new recruits. He was commissioned Second Lieutenant of his company, but in consequence of the unfaithfulness of his Colonel, Walter C. Whittaker, was not mustered. He acted in the capacity of Second Lieutenant of his company till after the battle of Shiloh, when Richard T. Whittaker, a brother of the Colonel, appeared from civil life and was mustered in Perry's place, and drew back pay. Whittaker's resignation was finally "accepted for the good of the service." June 7, 1864, Perry was made Adjutant. He was in Hagen's brigade till about the capture of Atlanta, taking part in most of the engagements in which the brigade participated, among which may be mentioned the battles of Shiloh, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Allatoona Mountain, and the battles in front of Atlanta. He received a slight wound at the battle of Chickamauga. He was a gallant soldier, fighting bravely and well in the service of his country. After his return home he commenced his medical studies, under the preceptorship of Dr. L. E. Goslee, of Newcastle, Kentucky, with whom he re- mained about one year. After studying about a year with Dr. T. B. Perry, in Logan County, he entered the University at Louis- ville, Kentucky, from which he graduated in the spring of 1868, and was afterward elected by the city council residefnt graduate of the city hospital, where he remained over a year. He has been a resident of Broadwell Village since September 25, 1869, where he is engaged in a lucrative and constantly increasing practice. The Doctor was married May 19, 1874, to Miss Kitty Broadwell, daughter of William B. Broadwell, a pioneer of this township, who moved to Jordan Springs, Reno County, Kansas, in the fall of 1873, and is now living in Hutchinson. Mrs. Perry was born _ IS 334 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. in Broadwell Township, January 1, 1858. Dr. and Mrs. Perry have had seven children — Willie A., died, aged two years and eight months; Lewis H., died at the age of one year; Marion Lee; Enth; Irvin B. ; Thomas M.; Kittie, died in infancy. Dr. Perry was be- reaved by the death of his wife December 14, 1883. In early days the Doctor was a Whii^; during the war, a Unionist, and now is in sympathy with the Labor Reform movement, and the Prohibition party. He is a member of Broadwell Lodge, No. 727, L 0. 0. F., of whicli he is deputy grand master. M. P. PflmNKY, M. D., was born in Worcester County, Massa- chusetts. July 1, 1838. Sis father, Dr. Marcellus C. Phinney, was born near Bangor, Maine, and was educated there and in Harvard College. Ee practiced his profession for ten years in Massachusetts, six years in Ohio and about the same number in Indiana, coming to Illinois in 1858, where he practiced in Mason County. For two years he resided in Cornland, Logan County, and died in 1883 in Tazewell County. His wife was Elizabeth Perley, and the eldest son, whose name heads this sketch, was named Marcellus Perley Phinney. He was educated in Reed- town, Ohio, and Crown Point, Indiana. He studied medicine with his father and with the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he took his diploma in 1865. He then practiced four years in Mason County, two in McLean, and then settled in Mount Pu- laski. He is a member of the State Eclectic Medical Society. He is also a member of Mt. Pulaski Lodge, No. 454, I. O. 0. F., and Sam Walker Post, No. 205, G. A. R., of which he is surgeon and adjutant. He enlisted July, 1861, in the Fourth Illi- nois Cavalry, participating in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth and capture of Memphis. At the end of his term of service he was discliarged at Trenton, Tennessee, in 1863. March 15, 1860, he married, in Mason City, Illinois, Lucy T. Andrews, born in Ohio. Three children have been born to them— Ora L., Ossa H., and Mazie, the two former born in Mason City, Illinois, and the latter born in Atlantic, Iowa. The Doctor is a genial, well-informed gentleman, who keeps himself enlightened on many subjects outside his profession. Julian A. SMrrn, M. D., has been a resident of New Holland since 1883. He was bom in Grandview, Edgar County, Illinois, January 7, 1847, a son of Dr. Thomas M. and Amanda E. Smith, his father a native of Kentucky and his mother of Paris, Edgar County, Illinois. His father was a prominent physician of ^? > THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 335 Edgar Oonnty, practicing there about thirty-five years. He died at Grandview in 1875. His widow now lives at Paris. Julian A. Smith was given a good education, completing his literary studies at Bloomingdale, Indiana. He commenced the study of med- icine under the preceptorship of his father and completed it at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa. He began his practice with his father and remained with him until about the time of his father's death. He then went to Cen- tral Illinois, where he has since lived with the exception of a brief space of time spent in the South. Dr. Smith is a stndions member of the profession and tries to keep abreast with the lead- ing column of the medical fraternity. He hopes by courteous bearing and honest dealinars with his fellow men to merit their patronage and esteem. He was married in February, 1870, to Angle Cummins, daughter of John and Nancy Cummins, both natives'of Kentucky, but for fifty years residents of Edgar County, Illinois. The Doctor says: Of all the transactions of his whole life his marriage is the only one in which all his fondest hopes and moat sanguine expectations were fully realized. His wife's mother is deceased. His father-in-law, hale and hearty at the age of eighty years, resides on his farm, near Vermillion, Edgai- County, Illinois. Dr. and Mrs. Smith have two children — Ida Gertrude, born December 20, 1871, and Nellie May, born September 6, 1876. In politics Dr. Smith affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a member of the L O. O. F. order. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. Robert M. Wilson, M. p., was born in Morgan County, Illinois, April 20, 1847. His childhood and youth were spent in Morgan and Scott counties where he was given the best educational ad- vantages and here he laid the foundation for a more liberal course in the future. At the age of sixteen years, in 1863, he enlisted as ilrummerboy in Company F, Sixty-first Illinois Infantry, and con- tinued in service until the close of the war, being mustered out at Springfield in 1865. After his return from the war, he began the study of medicine at Manchester, Illinois, and in the fall of 1866 entered the State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, taking a course in medicine and a special course in the literary department. During the winter of 1867-'68, he attended a second course of lectures at the Eush Medical College, Chicago, after which he lo- cated and practiced medicine at Palmyra, Macoupin County, Il- linois, until 1872. He then went to Nevv York City and spent a ^^ tiL 336 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. year in the different hospitals, at the same time taking a third course of lectures at the Long Island College, graduating from that institution in 1873. Returning to Palmyra he resumed his practice and remained cliere until 1876. On December 26, 1876, the Doc- tor was united in marriage to Salome F. Solomon, daughter of Hon. D. N. Solomon, of Palmyra. They have one child^ — Robert M. Im- mediately after his marriage he removed to Lincoln, Illinois, his present location. The Doctor is identified with all the progressive movements in connection with his profession. He is a member of the Society of Macoupin County for Medical Improvement, the Brainard District Medical Society and the Illinois State Medical Society. In July, 1884, he was placed in charge of the medical and surgical wards of St. Clara Hospital, Lincoln, which appoint- ment he still retains. In politics. Republican. k. CHAPTER XI. EDUCATIONAL. Impoetanoe of Fbee Schools. — Early Schools. — How Built. — Progress in Methods. — General Remarks. — First School IN Logan CouNTr. — Schools of the Present. — Statistics and General Information. — Teachers' Institittes. — Lincoln Uni- VEBSirr. a " That people which has the best books and the best schools is the best people; if it is not so to-day, it will be so to-morrow." These words, from the pen of the French educator and statesman, Jnle Simon, deserve to become a bonsehold quotation the world over for no more potent nor expressive truth was ever uttered. Of course all progress and education is not derived from the study of books, and, as Hosea Ballou has said, "Education commences at the mother's knee," and every word spoken within the hearing of little children tends toward the formation of character; but at the same time no other one agency is so powerful as the common school in developing a nation of self-governing people. The citizens of this county feel a just pride in their progress in educational methods, which have fully kept pace with the advance- ment in wealth and the development of material resources. As soon as the county was sufficiently settled to enable any neighbor- hood to open a school, a school-house was provided and the services of a teacher secured. Often a room of a private house was occu- pied, and sometimes the deserted cabin of a squatter became a tem- porary school room, in which the old-time masters, who worked on the tuition plan, flourished the rod and taught the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. The first school-houses built were structures of the rudest kind, such as no pioneer would be content to occupy as a dwelling. Built of logs, with floors and. benches of puncheons, with a huge fireplace and a stick and mud chimney, they were little calculated for comfort or convenience. Window-glass was too expensive an article to be used in the con- struction of a school-house, and therefore greased paper was sub- (337) *7p ^ t. 338 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. stitnted for it. The writing desir was a notable feature in every school-room. It generally extended across one end or one side of the room, and was made of a slab, held in its place by wooden pins. For architectural effect, probably, certainly not for convenience, it was fastened high up on the wall, and the pupil, in order to use it, must climb upon a high wooden bench and sit there without a sup- port for his back or his feet. Of the qualifications of the teachers of those days, the less said the better. Many were accounted good teachers who, in these days, would be unable to secure a certificate even ofthe third grade. Yet the most of them put to the best use the little talent and less train- ing they had, and succeeded in planting good seeds in the minds of their pupils. Some ofthe best minds this county has produced were those of men whose whole School education was received in the log school-houses of pioneer days. The progress of education here is only a miniature reproduction of what has taken place more slowly among all civilized nations. In recent years improved methods of mental culture have aided the teachers in securing better results. The primary object of edu- cating children is not that they may escape labor thereby, but that they may labor more intelligently. Children should be taught that employment leads to happiness, indolence to misery, and that all trades and professions whereby an honest livelihood is obtained are honorable. Right living is the end to be achieved, and it is the workers that do the most good in the world. The man who con- stantly and intelligently thinks, is above temptation. The women who honorably labor in the various trades are to be preferred and honored above those who sit with folded hands. It is education that makes duty more apparent, lessens toil and sweetens life. It is by true education that the moral responsibilities of the human family are better understood. Methods are now sought for and followed in the school-room. The child's character and capacity are better understood now than in the pioneer days. The rod is laid aside, and children are no longer forced, under the lash, to order and apparent studiousness. Fretful and cruel teachers are giving way to those who love chil- dren, and again will mankind draw nearer to the millennium through the influence of the law of love. In this age better atten- tion is paid to hygiene and ventilation in the school-room. Houses are lighted, aired and warmed in a rational manner. Since the introduction ofthe "automatic" school desks there need ^^ EDUCATIONAL. 339 be no more disagreeable seating in our school room. The inventor of this desk will have a reward in the blessings of the countless thousands of healthy men and women who, in this generation, as children, are comfortably seated in many of our best schools. New and better studies have been added to the course of study in our common schools within the last decade. Now, the child is taught to apply what he learns, directing his course of study in the line of his mental activity, cultivating the good and restraining the evil propensities. The time was, not far back, when only a limited knowledge ot "reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic" could be acquired in the common schools. The highest aim of the youth of the pioneer days was to write a fair hand, spell orallj', and solve mathe- matical puzzles. This age is moving in a better educational sphere. The change was, of course, gradual. It was a long struggle of ignorance and bigotry against education, in which the latter has beenoro\yned the victor. But few teachers cling to the old theory. Little by little they are growing away from the old system. A few teachers who do not improve are yet votaries at the shrine of their idols — the birch, the dunce-cap and other old-fashioned methods. But, " Too weak the sacred shrine to guard, " they must soon yield to the new education, and enter the conflict against error and for a better educational life. In this struggle for better methods, opinions, covered with age and honors, have been marched off the stage of human action and supplanted by facts and principles which have cost years of toil to discover, and more years to establish. To the close student and observer this theory is new only in its application to our schools. It is the normal or natural method. This is the theory of educa- tion that antedates all others. The ancients taught by objects, when but few of the most wealthy men of that day could afford books. In fact, text- book knowledge is a new thing to the world. The first teachers gave instruction orally. They were, by the- force of circumstances, independent of text-books. To this excellent plan has been added the written method. Then, it was principally by observation that the pupils received instruction. By placing the objects before the pupils the teacher could easily reach their minds by his lecture. In this age blackboards, spelling-tablets, slates, charts and other school apparatus is in general use in our best schools. In the schools of to-day, it is through the eye that a )^^ 340 UISTOBT OF LOGAN OOtTNTT. mental picture is formed from the printed page which children draw upon paper or boards from the ends of their fingers. "Well- qualified teachers do not think of depending upon text-books at their recitations, but rather imitate the ancient normal methods. In order to meet the demand for better qualified teachers, normal training schools have been established in this and other States. The teachers' institute is also an outgrowth of the demand for teachers of a higher standard. Now, true education is admitted to be the drawing-out and developing of that which the child already possesses, instead of the old crowding theory of pioneer days. There is perhaps no question which can so deeply interest the people of a county as that of obtaining teachers of known and tried ability. In the period of the early settlement of this county almost any one could teach. That time, with all of its rude school appliances, has rolled away. The claims of to-day can no longer be met by appliances of even a decade ago, for experience is begin- ning to show that teaching, like every other department of human thought and activity, must change with the onward movements of society, or fall in the rear of civilization and become an obstacle to improvement. The educational problem of to-day is to obtain use- ful knowledge — to secure the practical part of education before the ornamental, and that in the shortest time. In truth, a free na- tion's safety is wrapped in the intelligence of its citizens. Only an educated people can long sustain a free republic; therefore it is the duty of the State to educate that her free institutions may stand through all ages as sacred and endeared monuments of the enlightened people. Education sweetens and hedges in the family circle and drives away frivolity and gossip from a community, protecting the mem- bers from the inroads of vice and immorality. It is the strong bulwark of education that binds the nation of 56,000,000 people together for advancement that she may shine in the near future the brightest star in the constellation of governments. Rapid strides have been made in education within the last half century, but the field of improvement is yet boundless, and the work of education must still go on, and make perhaps greater changes than those from the time when " The sacred seer with scientific truth In Grecian temples taught the attentive youth, With ceasless change, how restless atoms pass From life to life, a transmigrating mass." B\ EDUCATIONAL. 341 to that of to-day, when men's thoughts are directed to the investi- gation of what they see around them. FIKST SCHOOLS. The first school taught in Logan County was kept in James Latham's house, by Erastus Wright. This, as were all schools then, was supported by subscription. Mr. "Wright afterward be- came one of the best known men in the State. Colonel Latham well remembers that he would be taken on the teacher's knee, the let- ters pointed out to him with the teacher's pocket knife, and when he did not pay good attention the teacher would gently prick him in the forehead to retain his attention, and to aid him in remem- bering the names of the letters. Sjon after Robert Buckles settled, a stable on his farm was cleaned and a few rude benches placed therein, and school opened. The teacher was Judge Skinner, afterward one of the most prominent men in the county. William Copeland was also a teacher here. There was no window in this primitive structure, and a small door gave ingress and egress to the inmates. Cracks through the logs gave the necessary light. They were not bothered about the ventilation, as fresh air was abundant. Some of the lads and lasses were John Cnckles, Mart. Tnrley, Amelia Cass, Isom Birks and Leonard Scroggin. When Mr. Wright came to James Latham's to commence his school, he wheeled his trunk on a wheelbarrow, and took it away in the same manner. The first school-house in the county was built on Lake Fork, near John Turner's. It was a log structure, and to supply light a log from one side was entirely removed "and window glass inserted. Pegs were inserted in the wall on one side of the room, on which a long board was placed ; on this the pupils learned to write, standing during that exercise. The seats were always of slabs, with legs sufficiently high to keep the feet of the smaller ones from the floor, while the older ones were in an equally awkward iposition from the seats being too low. Gradation in seats or backs was seldom thought of, and scarcely ever adopted. Webster's Elementary Spelling Book and the Testament were the principal books used. The former was the established authority on orthog- raphy, and in after years it was considered an honor attained by few to be able to spell all the words in that book. Many of the old settlers now greatly delight in narrating their experiences in these early spelling contests, commonly known as "spelling- schools," and look back with pride and pleasure to the evenings 342 HISTORY OF LOGAN COCNTY. passed in this intellectual amusement. The spellinw-schobl is now seldom eondncted, as the profit derived tlierefrom is nearly always overbalanced by other considerations. Spellino; by writing is much better, and more productive of good results, and is rapidly super- seding the oral method. SCHOOLS OF TO-DAY. In the cliapters devoted to the different towns are given proper mention of the several graded schools. In this place we insert some of the more important general statistics of the county, as taken from the report of the superintendent of public instruction for 1884. The average number of days of school is 172.5; average daily at- tendance, 3,895; per cent, of children of school age enrolled during the year, 71.4; per cent, of pupils enrolled during the year in daily attendance, 63; average number of days pupils were in graded schools, 129; in ungraded schools, 97; average for all the schools, 108; average monthly wages paid male teachgrs, $50.79; female teachers, $39.75; cost per pupil, on census of persons between the ages of six and twenty-one years, $6.67; on enrollment, $9.35; on average daily attendance, $14.87; cost per pupil for amount raised by local taxation, on census of persons between the ages of six and twenty-one years, $7.85; on enrollment, $11; on average daily at- tendance, $17.50; cost per pupil for total expenditures, on census of persons between the ages of six and twenty-one years, $9.31; on enrollment, $13.04; on average daily attendance, $20.79. Total number of teachers employed, 171; males in graded schools, 10; in ungraded schools, 60; females in graded schools, 36; in ungraded schools, 65; average age of males in graded schools, 39.9; of females, 26.1; of males in ungraded schools, 27.1; of females, 23.7; whole number of minors, 14. Average number of months taught by teachers in graded schools, 118 by males and 43 by females; in ungraded schools, 37 by males and 18 by females; number of teachers who have received instruc- tion in public normal schools, 25. Number of males unJer twenty-one years of age, 6,274; females, 6,022; total, 12.296; males between ages of six and twenty-one years, 4,263; females, 4,034; total, 8,297; male pupils enrolled in graded schools, 937; females, 1,103; male pupils enrolled in un- graded schools, 2,268; females, 1,917; total, 6,226. Total number of school districts, 118, all but one having school more than 110 days; one had no school. EDgOATIONAL. 343 Number of brick school-houses, 6; frame, 119; total number of echool-houses, 125; number built during year, 7; number of pub- lic high schools, 1; graded schools, 11; ungraded schools, 115; total number of schools, 126; average number of months of school, 8.33; number of male teachers in graded schools, 9; female teachers in graded schools, 35; male teachers in ungraded schools, 77; female teachers in ungraded schools, 96; total number of teachers, 217. Highest monthly wages paid any male teacher, $120; female, $65; lowest paid any mile teacher, $30; female, $25; average monthly wages paid male teachers, $50.51; female, $37.85; num- ber of districts having libraries, 6; number of private schools, 7; number of male pupils in private schools, 137; female, 222; total, 359; male teachers, 6; female, 1; total, 7. Balance of distributable funds on hand July 1, 1882, $606.92; income of township fund during the year, $3,124.10; received from County Superintendent, $8,778.87; total receipts, $12,509.89; distributed to districts, $9,590.23; other expenses, $1,659.58; bal- ance on hand July 1, 1883; $1,261.30; amount paid to male teachers in graded schools, $5,490.38; in ungraded schools, $21,- 368.96; female teachers in graded schools, $12,982.56; in ungraded schools, $18,169.60; whole amount paid teachers, $58,- 011.50; paid for new school-houses built and purchased, $3,946.24; paid for school sites, $251.98; paid for repairs and improvements, $4,246.44; paid for school furniture, $1,246.16; paid for school apparatus, $387.45; paid for books for poor children, $61.25; paid for fuel and other incidental expenses, $7,562.10; paid clerks of district boards, $221.20; interest paid on district bonds, $2,597.57; paid on principal of district bonds, $1,755; total ex- penditures, $81,030.34; amount of loans of district funds, $3,000; balance on hand, June 30, 1883, $17,448.45; amount of district tax levy for support of district schools, $67,380.06; estimated value of school property, $203,395; estimated value of school libraries, $210; estimated value of school apparatus, $2,106; amount of bonded school debt, $34,485. TKAOflEEs' INSTITUTES. We owe "our present free-school system, of which we are justly proud, in no small degree to the influence of the teachers' insti- tutes and associations held in the State, the first of which, called the "Illinois Institute of Education," met at Vandalia in 1833. l^ Li- 344 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Our school system is, in fact, the product of the meetings of these organizations. Of course, the discussions and exercises of these educational gatlierings were at first general in their character; and this is to some extent true of the State Association yet; but county teachers' institutes have a specific purpose — the better fit- ting of teachers for the scliool-room. Nothing helps more than a good institute to give teachers a proper appreciation of the responsibilities which rest upon them; nothing does more to give them an enthusiasm for their work, a love for it, and an earnest desire to find out and use diligently the very best methods for instructing children. Indeed, as a rule, those teachers who attend institutes are the ones who become most faithful, diligent and eflScient in the school-room. Mingling with those engaged in the same calling, they receive their sympathies, and the benefit of their experience. They learn, perhaps, to think better of their profession than ever before; come to appre- ciate fully the noBleness there is in it; and when they go back to their school-room again it is with a determination to be successful in the truest sense, however much labor it may cost them. An institute is in some sense a short term of school, in which a few points in the copimon branches, such as are not usually well uaderstood or well taught by teachers, are seized upon and pre- sented by competent instructors. The best methods, not those which are simply new, but methods which have been proven by actual trial in the school-room, whether new or old, to be the best, are the ones aimed to be insisted upon by those who conduct exercises in the institute. Greater accuracy and thoroughness in the teaching of the common branches is evidently needed in many of our schools now; and the institute is an important means for the attainment of this end. It is well, as is often done, to intro- duce a few general exercises, such as the reading of essays and the delivering of short orations, so that general intellectual culture may be encouraged ; for teachers ought not to be one-sided men and women. So much importance is attached to teachers' insti- tutes by our best educators that in several cities teachers are com- pelled by the school regulations to attend the city institute. In Chicago teachers must attend or forfeit their wages. "" EAELY teachers' MEETINGS. At irregular intervals brief institutes or teachers' meetings were held prior to 1860, but no organization for regular work was ef- i^ EDUCATIONAL. 345 feetod until 1862. June 21 of that year a number of school officers and teachers of the county met at the court-house in Lincoln. For temporary organization, W. H. Bennetwas elected President; John A. Smallwood and 0. M. Grapes, Yice-Presidents; John Blain, Recording Secretary; and George W. Dominique, Corre- sponding Secretary. Mr. Beidler, School Commisaioner of the county, stated the object of the meeting to be a permanent organi- zation of school officers and teachers for the general advancement of the educational interests of the county. Committees were ap- pointed on permanent organization, constitution and by-laws, and programme, and a number of topics were introduced and discussed. The meeting then adjourned till July 18. On that date THE LOGAN OOUNT? EDUCATIONAL SOOIETr was formed, a constitution and by-laws adopted, and the following officers chosen : President, A. Johnson; Yice-Presidents, A. M. Miller and D. Vanhise; Recording Secretary, C. H. Miller; Ex- ecutive Committee, C. M. Grapes, "W". G. Starkey and J. C. Halina. A few meetings were held, of one and two days each, and then the organization was dropped. FIRST SEMI-ANNDAL INSTITUTE. No more teachers' institutes were held in Logan County until 1867, when County Superintendent J. G. Chalfant issued a call to the teachers interested in the progress of education to meet at Lin- coln, April 3. The sessions were held in the high school building, and were attended by a moderate number of teachers and a goodly number of spectators. J. G. Chalfant presided, and prior to per- manent organization B. F. January was chosen secretary pro tern. The following committees were appointed: On reception, B. F. January, J. G. Chalfant, W. G. Starkey, Miss Jennie Wheelock and Miss Ada Secompt; on constitution and by-laws, B. F. Janu- ary, J. F. McGaw and S. G. Benedict; on finance, J. G. Chalfant, G. F. Carl and George Colvin; on general arrangements, A. S. Guthrie, G. F. Garland B. F. January: executive, Miss Wake- field, Miss Mollie Morris, A. S. Guthrie, S. G. Benedict and J. F. McGaw. After an address by a Mr. Rolfe, of Chicago, the insti- tute proceeded with a programme of exercises which was briefly as follows : • 1. Essay, by Miss Anna Oongdon, of Atlanta. 2. An essay by Miss Margerie Constant, of Elkhart. 3. Exercises in orthography ^■fU l^ 346 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. and object teaching, by A. S. Guthrie. 4. Exercises in practical arithmetic, by George F. Golvin, of Atlanta, and Prof. McGlumphy, of Lincoln University. 5. Exercises in English grammar an elocution, by B. F. January, of Lincoln. 6. Exercises in modern geography, by Miss M. A. Eastman, of Atlanta, and Miss D. Wheelock, of Lincoln. 7. Exercises in history, by J. F. McGaw, of Mansfield, Ohio. The evenings were occupied by able addresses from Prof. Mc- Glumphy, Ron. ITewton Biteman, State Superintendent of Public Instructions, J. G. Chalfdntand Prof. McGaw. At the close of the institute a constitution and by-laws were adopted, a permanent or- ganization perfected, and the next meeting was appointed for Saptember of the same year. President Chalfant appointed a vice-president from each township in the county, as follows: -(Etna, G. W. Pleasant; Atlanta, Dr. J. B. Tenney; Broadwell, Theodoric G. Keller; East Lincoln, Andrew McGalliard; Elkhart, Dr. Charles Orendorff; Eminence, Lieutenant John Beezley; Hurl- but, William N. Bjck; Laeana, R. D. Clark; Lake Fork, Henry A. Williams; Middletown, William McMasters; Madison^ Jere- miah Mathes; Gran, J. B. Curry; Orvil, M. A. Miles; Mt. Pulaski, W. P. Leatliers; Prairie Creek, Nelson Chesnut; Sher- idan, Joseph Coflfman; West Lincoln, W. A. K. Oowdrey. SECOND INSTITUTE. The meeting held during the week commencing September 3, 1 867, was called the second semi-annual institute. J. G. Chalfant presided. The first exercise was in reading and elocution, con- ducted by B. F. January. Prof. Richards, of Lincoln University, lectured in the evening of the first day. On the second day Mr. January conducted work in mental arithmetic and Dr. -A. M. Miller lectured upon physiology. The question of teaching pen- manship was then earnestly debated by a number of the teachers. In the evening Prof. Edwards, of the Normal University, lect- ured. On the third day the question was discussed of teaching vocal music with the branches of a common-school education. Exercises in arithmetic were led by Prof. McGaw, E. Lynch and others, and in English grammar by Mr. January, and in the even- ing Prof. McGaw lectured upon astronomy. The same instructor gave illustrations of object-lesson work the next day, and he was followed by a number of speeches in regard to text books. After an animated discussion of some two or three hours the following ,V* BDUOATIOHAL. 347 text books were adopted for uniform use throughout the county ; Wilson's spellers, readers and charts ; Spencer's system of pen- manship ; Eay's series of arthmetios (second part excepted, and Stoddard's substituted); Monteith'sandMcNally's system of geog- raphy, and Mitchell's maps ; Greene's grammar ; Quackenbos' history. In the evening Prof. McGlumphy lectured. On the fifth and last day exercises in history were conducted by S. G. Benedict, arrangements were made for the next session of the institute, and the meeting closed. THIRD INSTITUTE. The next meeting began April 6, 1868, at Elkhart, with a lecture on orthography by Prof. McGaw. J. G. Chalfant lectured the first evening on the subject of American literature. This discourse was eloquent, patriotic and instructive. The following day Prof. Mitchell, of Springfield, lectured on penmanship, giving practical illustrations, and was followed by F. M. Jordan, of Broadwell, in an exercise in mental arithmetic. In the afternoon J. B. Ourry conducted an exercise in reading, followed by a lecture upon the same subject by S. S. Haraill, the well-known elocutionist. In the evening R. H. McOord lectured upon the subject of teachers' institutes, and B. F. January upon schools and school government. Prof. Thomas Metcalf, of the State Normal University, lectured upon practical arithmetic during the third day, and Miss L. H. Kanaga, of Elkhart, read an essay. The exercises of the fourth day were : First, a lengthy and important discussion upon the best method of teaching United States history in our public schools, resulting in the adoption of the topic method ; second, a lecture ou modern geography, by J. C. Scullin, of Atlanta ; and, third, an evening lecture, by Prof. McGaw, entitled, " The earth as it was and as it is." The work of the fifth.day consisted of an interesting and practical lecture on English grammar by Kev. W. R. Good- win, a lecture on physical geography by Prof. McGaw, and short addresses upon school government. FOURTH INSTITUTE. The fourth session was held in the Christian church at Atlanta during the week beginning August 24, 1868. The exercises on the regular programme were: Yocal analysis, by Prof. McGaw; history, by B. F. Conner ; intellectual arithmetic, by J. W". Monser and W. C. Howard ; geography, by William C. McMasters ; object 22 >\ ■*= ^a » 348 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. teaching by K. H. McOord and Prof. McGaw ; practical arith- metic, by J. C. Scallin ; English grammar, by W. R Goodwin ; reading and elocution, by J. B. Carry ; and physical geography, by Prof. J. F. McGaw. Essays were read by Miss Amanda S. Thomas, of Atlanta, and Miss M. S. Pegrarn, of Lincoln. In the evenings J. 0. Scullin gave a pointed lecture upon the " Worth of Manhood ;" M. D. Bevan, of Atlanta, spoke eloquently of Oliver Cromwell ; J. W. Monser read a poem ; Eev. W. R. Goodwin dis- coursed upon the " Live Teacher ;" and J. G. Ohalfant gave a careful address upon the subject of "Popular Education and the Duties of Teachers and Parents in Relation Thereto." FIFTH INSTITUTE was held in the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Lincoln, and commenced March 29, 1869, J. G. Chalfant again presiding, and delivering the opening address. An exercise was then conducted in geography by J. B. Curry, followed by a lively discussion on the part of Profs. McGlumphy and Harris, J. C. Scullin, W. C. McMasters and others. Prof. Scullin then led the institute in cal- isthenics. Miss Viola Emery read a graceful essay, and Prof. Hewett, of Formal University, lectured in the evening. On the remaining days the principal exercises were as follows : In written arithmetic, by Prof. Scullin ; mental arithmetic, by Prof. Hewett ; object teaching, by Prof. McGlumphy ; English grammar, by Prof. J. C. Scnllin and Alexander Peabody ; elocution and reading, by Eev. George W. Minier ; physical geography, by Prof. McGaw ; orthography, by J. S. Wren, Prof. McGaw and Rev. W. E. Good- win ; United States history, by S. G. Benedict and W. C. McMas- ters; physiology, by Prof. Scallin. Essays were read by Miss Anne Tibbets, Miss A. A. Ingols, Miss Carrie Prince and Miss Nellie Wakefield, all of Lincoln, and Miss M. B. McOrea, of A.tlanta. The evening addresses wera by Prof. McGlumphy, George W. Minier, and the prominent educator. Dr. J. M. Gregory, then regent of the Illinois Industrial University. On the morning of the fifth day the members of the institute visited Lincoln Univer- sity in a body. The institute closed with a sociable, which was a most pleasant affair. Speeches were made by Judge Parks, Rev. W. R. Goodwin, Prof. Scullin and Prof. McGaw. J. S. Wren was chosen secretary, and Miss Nellie Wakefield, treasurer for the en- suing year. lK- BD0OATIONAL. 349 SIXTH INSTITUTE. The next institnte in the public scliool building at Mt. Pulaski occupied the five days beginning August 31, 1869, and was pre- sided over by Mr. Chalfant. A feature of this meeting was the ap- pointment at the beginning of each half day's session of two critics. The work of instruction was divided as follows: B. F. Conner, or- thography; L. T. Eegan, United States history and geography; Dr. 0. A. Holbrook, physiology; Dr. M. Wemple, reading and elocu- tion, and physiology and hygiene; Prof. J. C. Scullin, English grammar; S. Qt. Benedict, written arithmetic; W. 0. McMasters, reading and intellectual arithmetic. Ou Thursday Miss Sallie Towner, of Broadwell, read an essay upon the "Past, Present and Future of Free Schools." The evenings were occupied bj lectures, as usual. J. C. Scullin delivered the first. Kev. W. R. Goodwin gave the second, on " Hobbies," which was amusing as well as in- structive. The lecture on Wednesday evening was by J. G. Chal- fant, and was pronounced one of his best efibrts. A vote of thanks was tendered him. Thursday evening Prof. McGlumphy dis- coursed upon the " Free School System of Illinois," gave a lengthy review of the duties and responsibilities of school oifieers, and paid a high compliment to County Superintendent Chalfant for the ear- nestness, zeal and eflSciency with which he had promoted the cause of popular education in Logan County. The institute closed with an interesting discussion upon "School Government," by Messrs. Conner, W. P. Jones, Howe, Kent, Benedict, J. S. Wren, Regan, Peabody, Scullin and Matchett. J. S. Wren resigned as secretary of the institute, and his place was filled by the election of F. L. Matchett. ^'seventh institute. The seventh semi-annual institute convened in Atlanta, at Good Templars' Hall, on Monday, March 28, 1870. The first part of the afternoon was spent in organization. B. F. Conner conducted the only exercise of the day, in intellectual arithmetic. In the evening the hall was filled to overflowing to listen to a lecture by Dr. Newton Bateman, which was pronounced by the audience to have been the ablest ever delivered in Logan County upon the subject of education. The school-room exercises of the remaining days of the session were conducted by the following instructors: W. C. McMasters, orthography; D. W. Carl, fractions; G. F. Mc- Allister, longitude and time, also gymnastics; E. A. Leeper, elo- ^ 'm It^ 350 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cutioii; O. Scott, arithmetic; Mr. Montgomery, physiology; J. B. Cnrry, grammar; President Edwards, of Normal, vocal analysis and reading; A. H. Hinman, Spencerian penmanship. Mrs. Jennie Goodsell read an essay on " Growth and Culture," winning a vote of thanks from the institute. J. Wood Miller de- livered an address upon "The Orator, the Architect of Society," which was instructive and full of high moral sentiment. E. A. Leeper read a paper entitled, "Some Hints on Mental Discipline." J. R. Curry spoke at length in favor of abolishing corporal punish- ment, but tlie institute voted that teachers should be wise in the use of corporal punishment, but that it should not be abolished. Miss Lizzie Splaln read a pleasing essay on " High Aims." J. T. Galford read a paper on "Moral Education," claiming that the Bible and the true teacher go together. An instructive hour to the teachers was one which was occupied by President Edwards in answering queries. The evenings were occupied by special lectures. Dr. Bateman was the first, as before stated. Prof. Harris, of Lincoln University, addressed a large audience on "The True Christian Teacher." County Superintendent L. T. Regan lectured on the " Object of Education and the Means to be Employed." B. F. Conner took the next evening, his topic being " The Secrets of Success." Friday evening eighty-five teachers assembled, and the church was filled to its utmost capacity to hear Dr. Edwards. The institute exchanged congratulatory telegrams with the Ma- conpin County Institute, which was in session the same week. Among tlie resolutions adopted was the following: " That we do hereby pledge ourselves as teachers to use our influ- ence toward the universal adoption of the Spencerian system of penmanship throughout Logan County, and that if not qualified to teach this system that we will so qualify ourselves that we can do so at as early a date as possible; and that our object in so doing is to prevent the changes of styles of writing with every change of teachers in our schools." A new constitution and new by-laws were adopted by the society, and oiScers elected for the ensuing year as follows: Vice-President, B. F. Conner; Secretary, T. L. Matchett; Corresponding Secretary, James Lynch; Treasurer, Miss Lizzie Splain. The County Super- , intendent was ex-offlcio President. EIGHTH INSTITUTE. The next session was held the five days beginning October 24, KDUOATIONAL. 351 1870, at the Baptist church in Lincoln, and was presided over by President L. T. Regan. The officers elected for the ensuing year were: Vice-President, A. Peabody, of Sheridan; Recording Sec- retary, J. F. Hyde, of Lincoln; Corresponding Secretary, J. I. Houts, of Lincoln; Treasurer, J. S. Wren, of Lincoln; Executive Committee. J. S. Galford, of Broad well; D. J. Carne.^, of Mt. Pulaski; G. F. McAllister, of Eminence; Miss B. Wakefield, of Atlanta, and Mrs. F. St. Clair, of Chester. Prof. E. C. Hewitt, of Normal University, conducted two ex- ercises in geography during the morning session on Tuesday, and also two in United States history in the afternoon of the same day. Prof. L Wilkinson, Superintendent of Lincoln City schools, illustrated the principles of English grammar on Tuesday, Wednes- day, Thursday and Friday. Miss S. Vaughn, of the city schools, gave a series of interesting exercises with a primary class in read- ing, phonic analysis and object lessons, on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. J. C. Scullin, of Mt. Pulaski, conducted an exercise in fractions on Monday, and in reading and algebra on Friday. On Thursday George J. Turner, of Atlanta, illustrated the principles of arithmetic and natural philosophy. Other exer- cises were conducted by A. Peabody in the elements of English grammar, W. D. Eutledge in penmanship, W. C. McMasters in reading. Prof. McOlumphy, of Lincoln University, on "algebraic formulas as applied to square and cube roots," and Prof. O. Black- man, teacher of music in the public schools of Chicago, music. The following essays and papers were read during the week: Miss B. Wakefield, "Cherish Humanity's Best;" L. T. Regan, "Gleanings from Ancient History;" Miss S. C. Vaughn, "Ob- ject Teaching;" R. W. Lawrence, "Utility of Education;" W. C. Howard, "Mathematics an Educational Agent;" W. C. Mc- Masters, "Facts of Physical Geography and their Influence;" George F. McAllister, "Teachers' Institutes." The evening sessions were well attended by the citizens, who were highly entertained by lectures from Prof. S. M. Etter, Super- intendent of City Schools of Bloomington, on "Teachers' Mis- sions;" Prof. E. C. Hewitt, of Normal University, "Outside and Inside; "Prof. McGlumphy, of Lincoln University, " The Art of Teaching;" Rev. J. K. McLean, of Springfield, "Climate of the School-room;" Prof. I. Wilkinson, " Probability of the Planets be- ing Inhabited." On Friday Prof. Wilkinson answered the numerous questions ^ 352 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. that had accumulated on the preceding days. The institute was appointed for an annual occurrence for the future, instead of semi- annual, and Lincoln was chosen as the place for the next session. There were 107 members in attendance on this occasion, 28 of whom now signed the constitution. NINTH INSTITUTE. County Superintendent L. T. Regan presided over the session held October 16-20, 1871, in the Baptist church at Lincoln. For permanent organization, George F. McAllister was elected Vice- President; E. G. Hudson, Recording Secretary; S. P. Beers, Cor- responding Secretary; and D. C. Hicks, Treasurer. The instruct- ors of the week and their respective topics, were: Prof. A. J. McG-lumphy, object teaching as applied to geography and arithmetic; Prof. Hewitt, of Normal, arithmetic, spelling, geog- raphy, and the theory and art of teaching; Prof. S. S. Hamill, of Wesleyan University, elocution; Prof. H. L. Boltwood (principal of the Princeton High School, and author of Boltwood's grammar), grammar. Prof. Hewitt gave almost his whole time for three days. No essays or papers were read, but as a change from the custo- mary routine a number of discussions were held. " Importance of mental arithmetic, and how to teach it, " was discussed by Messrs. Wegener, McAllister, D. J. Carnes, McFarlane, James, Hewitt, Regan and Tabor. "How shall we teach the alphabet to chil- dren?" was participated in by Messrs. J. S. Wren, E. J. Carnes, W. C. McMasters and M. N. Wren. " Resolved, That every teacher should take an educational journal," was discussed by Messrs. Holbrook, McMasters, Frost and Hewitt, and Miss Mattie A.Rich- ards. "How shall we teach spelling?" brought out Miss Richards and Messrs. Kent, Wren and Wagoner. "Are teachers' institutes beneficial to the country school teacher?" interested Misses Minier and Richards, and Messrs. James, McMasters, Denny, Frost, J. S. Wren, McAllister, Ambrose and Lawrence. Dr. Newton Bateman spoke on Monday evening at the church on " Higher Education." Dr. J. C. Bowdoin, President of Lincoln University, spoke at the Cumberland Presbyterian church Tuesday night on " The Teacher Considered in View of the Difficulties of his Work." Wednesday evening Prof. S. S. Hamill gave an enter- tainment consisting of selected readings, at the Baptist church. The evening lecture on Thursday was given by Prof. I.Wilkinson, EDUCATIONAL. 353 Superintendent of the Lincoln City schools, on various educational topics. On the last evening, at the Cumberland Presbyterian church, Presideut R. Edwards discussed "Causes of Failure among Teachers." Prof. Hewitt answered the written queries. The executive com- mittee appointed for the ensuing year was : R. H, Frost, 0. A. Holbrook, J. H. MillhoUand, Lou C. Bell and Mary T. Robinson. FIRST ANNUAL INSTITUTE. In 1872 a four-weeks session was lield, convening July 15, and adjourned August 9. The officers elected were : Vice-President, Miss M. A. Richards ; Secretary, R. Brooks Forrest ; Correspond- ing Secretary, Miss Emina Mayheld ; Treasurer, E. G. Hudson. Superintendent Regan was ex-officio President and Conductor of the institute. Sixty-five members were 'enrolled. Daily instruc- tion was given as follows : Botany and vocal analysis, Superintendent L. T. Regan; zoology and theory and art of teaching. Prof. I. "Wilkinson; arithmetic and grammar, Prof. A. J. McGlumphy; natural philosophy, Prof. D. M. Harris. Definite lessons were assigned, and every member of the school was requested to recite regularly on each subject. A correct standing of the work done by each was kept, as was also a record of attendance. On the closing of the institute an execu- tive committee, consisting of A. M. Scott, T. P. Longan, W. H. Derby, Emily F. Hughes and Hettie O. Shrock, was appointed to act during the coming year. The Board of Supervisors having failed to make an appropriation to bear the expenses of the institute, the professors imparting in- struction received no remuneration. The teachers, feeling that they could not separate from the earnest men who had sacrificed their summer vacation without expressing to them their high esti- mation of their services rendered, determined to make each of the instructors a valuable present. Accordingly, at the sociable which closed the institute. Profs. Wilkinson and Regan were each given a fine silver pitcher, and Profs. McGlumphy and Harris beautiful silver cake baskets. SECOND ANNUAL INSTITUTE. Another four-weeks session was held in 1873, beginning July 14. Fifty-eight teachers attended. Superintendent Ragan con- ducted the exercises in botany and vocal analysis ; Prof. D. H. -r ^ 354. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Harris, those in physiology and natural philosophy ; and Prof. I. Wilkinson, zoology. The daily programme was as follows : 8:15 to 8:30, Opening Exercises; 8:30 to 9:20, Physiology; 9:20to9:30, Recess; 9:30 to 10:20, Zoology; 10:20 to 10:50, Vocal Analysis; 2:00 to 2:50, Botany; 2:50 to 3:00, Recess; 3:00 to 3:50, Natural Philosophy; 3:50 to 4:00, Miscellaneous Exercises. THIRD AND FOURTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. A twenty-days institute was held in the summer of 1874, but the details are not recorded. Likewise one in 1876. These ses- sions were of the nature of a normal school. FIFTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. In 1876 about eighty teachers attended a session beginning July 17 and closing August 11. Prof. George Turner, of Atlanta, a gentleman of experience and scholarship, had charge of all the classes during the first two weeks. In addition to the regular institute work, the executive committee made arraugements for a course of educational lectures, the first of which was delivered by Dr. Sewell, of Normal, at the Cumberland Presbyterian church; the second, at thej same place, by President Adams, of Illinois "Wesleyan University, on " The Responsibility of the Teacher;" and the third, by S. M. Etter. Prof. Turner being incapacitated by ill- ness from going through with the work, his place was filled, the latter part of the term, by J. Chalfant, in physical geography and grammar ; C. L. Hatfield, philosophy, zoology, arithmetic and botany; John R. Barnett, in reading, orthography, physiology and tr. S. History. The officers of the institute were : J. C. Chalfant, Superintendent and Treasurer ; George H. Cox, Secretary ; Rev. John R. Curry, Chaplain ; John R. Barnett, Lizzie Splain and Mattie Bobbitt, Executive Committee. SIXTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. In the summer of 1877 the Logan County Teachers' Institute met in joint session with the Lincoln University Normal Institute, July 16 to August 10. The sessions were held in the chapel of the University. The following were the officers : J. G. Chalfant, President ; A. R. Taylor, Vice-President ; John R. Barnett, Sec- retary; H. F. Reed, Assistant Secretary; H. G. Bergen, Treasurer. The instructors of the institute were Profs. Taylor, McCord and Turner. Prof. S. S. Hamill, the elocutionist, was also engaged to J 19 r EDDCATIONAL. 355 give instruction in reading and elocution. Dr. George J. Turner delivered a public lecture ou one evening, on " The Means of Suc- cess." Prof. Hamill gave two public readings, and Dr. J. M. Gregorj', President of the Illinois Industrial University, gave the closing lecture. SEVENTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. In 1878 only a two-weeks session was held, beginning July 22 and ending August 2. County Superintendent Derby presided, and was assisted by Profs. A. R. Taylor and D. M. Harris. About thirty teachers attended. The afternoon of Friday, the last day, was devoted to the relation of experience. S. M. Guttery, of Lincoln, offered practical and suggestive thoughts on the manner of conducting recitations. Mr. Guttery is an energetic, wide-awake teacher, and has since been chosen County Superintendent. M. B. Eansdell, Assistant Principal of the Atlanta High School, deliv- ered a most excellent lecture on school government and the mode of securing it. Short and interesting speeches were made by Messrs. West, Campbell, Cox, Rooney, Lowe, Starkey and Glessner, Misses Roach, Seick and others, after which Superintendent Derby gave a few words of parting advice and appointed the following persons an executive committee for the ensuing year: George H. Cox, M. B. Ransdell, J. G. Kolan, Louise Roach and Florence Verbrycke. The session, which was held at the University build- ing, was closed with a sociable at Amasagacian Hall. EIGHTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. A two-weeks session was held in 1879, from August 4 to Au gust 15. Superintendent Derby acted as President; I. N. Ewing, Vice-President; Miss Alma Braucher, Secretary; and S. M. Gut- tery, Treasurer. About forty teachers attended. The principal instructor was Prof. A. R. Taylor. The institute closed with a social at Amasagacian Hall, which was attended by some fifty couples. Prof. Taylor was presented with a large and finely illus- trated copy of " The Gallery of Great Composers." It was decided to hold a township institute in each township at some time within the next year. NINTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. But one week was given to the institute in 1880, which began on the 9th of August and closed on the 13th. Most of the town- ships had held institutes during the preceding year, and several ^s brv ' -^ 356 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOHNTT. had held monthly or bi-monthly meetings. Over the annual county institute County Superintendent W. H. Derby presided again. P. H. Quaid was chosen Secretary and Miss Lois Dwyer, Treasurer. Prof. A. R. Taylor acted as instructor. Only about thirty-five teachers attended. The week closed with a lecture by Prof. John W. Cook, of Normal. The executive committee for the succeeding year included Misses Lois Dyer and Lydia H. Por- ter, and Messrs. John S. Wren, R. B. Lorimer and J. S. Cole. TENTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. A magnificent two-weeks programme was arranged for 1881, but at the close of the first week the institute adjourned, on ac- count of the extreme heat of the weather and small attendance of teachers. The session began August 8, and was in charge of Su- perintendent Derby and Prof. Taylor. ELEVENTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE. The teachers met for one week, or five days, on Monday, August 20, 1882. There was a good attendance and a profitable session. Each evening a meeting of a literary nature was held which was entertaining and instructive. State Superintendent James P. Slade lectured one evening. The conductors of the dif- ferent classes were: George "W. Reeder, J. S. Wren, J. L. Ring, J. J. Armstrong, C. H. Dixon, George W. Walker, J. B. Curry, A. R. Museller, T. W. Butcher, William C. McMasters, B. F. Simpson, W. B. Miller, T. G. Seely, W. H. Derby, W. B. Lloyd, and John Blain. Ttie association was reorganized under the name of THE LOGAN COUNTY TEACHEEs' ASSOCIATION, and it was agreed to hold, besides the regular annual session in August, meetings on the last Saturdays of Novetaber, February and May. The officers chosen were: President ex-officio, County Superintendent Guttery; Vice-Presidents, W. B. Lloyd and T. G. Seely; Recording Secretary, Miss Lizzie Anderson; Treasurer, G. F. Ambrose; Executive Committee, J. S. Wren, G. F. Ambrose, G. W. Reeder, J. J. Armstrong and Miss Carrie Wren. The FIRST MEETING of the new association was held at the Christian church, in Lincoln, on Saturday, November 25, 1882, about sixty teachers attending. EDUCATIONAL. 357 Various topics were discussed, according to a previously advertised programme, and among them the advisability of organizing town- ship institutes and delivering educational lectures. On motion, the County Superintendent appointed a teacher in each township to effect such organization. INSTITUTE OF 1883. One-day sessions were held according to appointment, in No- vember, 1882, and February and May, 1883. Monday, August 20, 1883, the teachers met for another week's session, at the Chris- tian church, at Lincoln. Superintendent Guttery acted as chairman and D. E. Ambrose as secretary. The topics were assigned as fol- lows: Reading, Superintendent Guttery; arithmetical analysis, W. C. Holman ; geography and map drawing, Miss Carrie Wren and J. S. Cole; grammar, the participle and the infinitive, T. G. Seely; object lessons, C. E. Selby; preparation for recitation, Dr. A. J. McGlumphy. A number of interesting discussions took place, among them being: "Teachers' help," introduced by M- N. Wren; "Literary exercises," Joseph Barry; "A course of study, and how to establish it," D. E. Ambrose and J. S. Cole; "How to secure good lessons," W. H. Emmons, T. G. Seely, and J. B. Curry; " Monthly examinations," W. S. Welch, A. R. Museller, J. S. Cole and J. S. Wren; "Teachers' qualifications, W. C. Holman, W. C. McMasters and others; " Examination fees," J. B. Curry, J. S. Wren, W. C. McMasters, William King, Superintendent Guttery and others; " Manner of conducting reci- tations," A. R. Museller and others. The most important sub- ject before the institute was the adoption of a uniform course of study, which was effected. It was deemed desirable to adopt a sytem of grades and examinations, and a committee was appointed to report a plan at the November meeting. A committee was also chosen to report upon the advisability of establishing a Logan County school journal. The township institute idea not having proved an unqualified success, it was modified at tliis session by dividing the county into eight districts, for holding local instiiutes. The districts were made by grouping the townsliips as follows: Oran and ^tna; Laenna and Lake Fork; Atlanta, Eminence and East Lincoln; Mt. Pulaski and Chester; Orvil and Prairie Creek; Sheridan and West Lincoln; Corwin and Broadwell; Hurlbut and Cornland. About sixty-five teacliers were enrolled this session. Two evenings were devoted to social enjoyment. vj^ 3i,8 • HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. INSTITUTE OF 1884.' The annual session this year was from the 18th to the 22d of August, and was conducted by Prof. O. F. McKim, of La Harpe, Illinois, and Superintendent Glittery. In all, 108 teachers at- tended. The daily programme was about as follows: Opening ex- ercises and roll-call; theory and practice in teaching spelling and reading; recess; theory and practice in teaching language and grammar; noon intermission; theory and practice in teaching geography and history; recess; theory and practice in teaching arithmetic and in school management. Evening sessions were held. Wednesday evening a literary entertainment was given, consisting of music and recitations. Prof. W. B. Powell, of Aurora, was present and gave some in- structive talks. Thursday evening William Hawley Smith, of the Peoria Call, gave an address of high character on "What to read, and how to read it." Friday was set apart as " Directors' Day, and the following top- ics were discussed: "Systematizing the work in our pnbHc schools;" "Monthly examinations and reports to parents;" "Sani- tary regulations and school supplies;" " Yentilation of school- rooms;" "Duties of teachers and school directors." INSTITUTE OF 1885. In 1885 a four-weeks normal institute was held at the University, beginning July 27. It opened with a good attendance in spite of very hot weather, and was presided over by Superintendent S. M. Gruttery. W. L. Pillsbury delivered a good lecture at the Bap- tist church on the opening evening, on " How to teach." The work of the institute was conducted by Superintendent Glittery and Professors B. F. McCord and I. H. Brown. Two musical and literary entertainments and three sociables were given, relieving the routine of the work. The county was redivided into institute districts, and temporary chairmen appointed for each as follows: District No. 1, Atlanta, Eminence and East Lincoln, J. B. Curry, chairman. First meeting to be held at Walnut Row school, Satur- day, September 19. District No. 2, Orvil and West Lincoln, C. H. Scholz, chairman. First meeting in Hartsburg, Saturday, September 12. District No. 3, Sheridan and Prairie Greek, Miss Agnes Rourke, chairman. First meeting at New Holland, Saturday, September 19, -7p-^ -^=^ UDUOATIONAL. 359 District No. 4, Corwin and Broadwell, E. E. Carnahan, chair- man. First meeting in Broadwell, Saturday, September 19. District No. 5, Oran and ^tna, W. C. floltnan, cliairman. First meeting in Beason, Saturday, September 19. District No. 6, Elkhart, Cornland and Hurlbut, J. C. Mountjoy, chairman. First meeting in Elkhart, Saturday, September 19. District No. 7, Laenna, Lake Fork, Chester and Mt. Pulaski townships, E. B. Hart, chairman. First meeting in Mt. Pulaski, Saturday, September 19. LINCOLN UNIVERSITY. This institution of learning, located in the city of Lincoln, in the State of Illinois, was incorporated by an act of the General As- sembly of said State, approved on the 6th day of February, 1865. The building is a massive structure of stone and brick, four stories in height, situated near the center of a beautiful campus of ten acres. It is under the control of five synods of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, to wit: The synod of Indiana, located in the State of Indiana: the synod ol Iowa, located in the State of Iowa; and the synods respectively of Illinois, Central Illinois and Sanga- mon, located in the State of Illinois. The authority of said synods in the management of the aifairs of the University is delegated to fifteen trustees, each of which appoints three. The University was intended to be, and is, the principal institu- tion of learning of that denomination of Christians in those three States, known at the time of its establishment as the "Great Northwest." In order to meet the wants of that entire section of country, in all of its phases, the co-educational plan of teaching was adopted and has been strictly adhered to. Young men and women are grouped together in the same classes, study the same lessons and recite together. What has been regarded as evils con- nected with the co-education of the sexes have not appeared in Lincoln University. The University was formally opened on the first Monday of No- vember, 1866, with Rev. Azel Freeman, D. D., President; Rev. A. J. McGlumphy and Joseph F. Latimer, professors. The present faculty (December, 1885) consists of: Rev. A. J. McGlumphy, D. D., President, and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy; Rev. B. F. McCord, A. -M., Pro- fessor of Mathematics; Theodore Brantly, A. M., Professor of Latin and Greek; A. E. Turner, A. M., Professor of Natural Sci- 360 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOUSTT. ences; Charles Eckhardt, M. M., Director of Conservatory of Music; Wm. E. Whetsler, Principal of Commercial Department. All are thoroughly educated and thorough teachers. Dr. McGlnmphy has been a member of the faculty continuously from the time its work commenced, and president since June, 1873; Professor Mc- Cord's work was commenced in 1873; though Professors Brantly and Turner have not long been connected with the institution none better qualified or more competent as teachers have ever tilled the positions which they respectively occupy ; Dr. Freeman, who was a very learned and profound man, resigned the presidency in 1870, and was succeeded by Kev. J. C. Bowdoin, D. D., an excellent man for the position, who, in 1873, in consequence of ill health, relin- quished his work and soon after died; Eev. S. Eichards, D. D., was a member of the faculty after the first year until June, 1873, a portion of the time as professor of languages and the remainder as professor of systematic theology in the theological department; Eev. D. M. Harris, D. D., now one of the editors of the Cumler- land Presbyterian, became a member of the faculty in 1868, which position he held, except one year, until June, 1883, as pro- fessor, first, of natural sciences, and after 1873, of languages; A. R. Taylor, now president of the State Normal School of Kansas, was professor of natural sciences from 1872 to 1882. Other persons have been members of the faculty for brief periods in the depart- ment of natural sciences: Professor O. A. Keach, one year; Pro- fessor Charles E. Krane, a little less than two years; and Eev. J. "W. David, who, after a few weeks' service, found it necessary to resign in consequence of feeble health. It has been the policy of the Board of Trustees to provide the means of acquiring a thorough education. The curriculum em- braces courses of study as thorough as is required in the best insti- tutions of the country, and graduates have been required to com- plete the courses prescribed. Nor have they been negligent in affording facilities for education in music, drawing and painting. The Conservatory of Music, which for nine years was under the direction of Professor F. H. Zimmerman and now of his successor, Charles Eckhardt, is not inferior to the best conservatories of the country. Few, if any, better commercial schools exist than that now connected with the University. Prior to the year 1861, Cumberland University, located at Leb- anon, Tennessee, was the principal institution of learning controlled by the Cumberland Presbyterians in the United States. It sue- ^ EDUCATIONAL. 361 cumbed to the influence of the war which waged in that State from 1861 to 1865. A portion oF its buildings were destroyed. It seemed very improbable that it would ever be resuscitated or the buildings replaced. Or, should either or both be done, that it would as a school ever regain its popularity was equally improba- ble. At that time the Cumberland Presbyterian church had no schools in either of the States of Indiana, Illinois or Iowa; at least none of commanding influence. The ministers and others connected with that denomination saw, as they believed, the necessity of es- tablishing not a sectarian but a denominational school in the then Northwest. The first movement in that direction was made in the synod of Indiana in either 1862 or 1863, by Kev. Elim McCord, an aged and talented minister who urged the necessity of establishing a college or university to be under the control of the five synods be- fore mentioned. Thus the matter was given definite shape. The other four synods, on invitation, co-operated with that of Indiana and the result was the founding and building up of Lincoln Uni- versity. The granting of the charter was but the beginning. Funds had to be provided to pay for the erection of, the building and for a permanent endowment. The ministers who were the members of those synods co-operated in that branch of the work and gave lav- ishly of their time and means, among whom should be specially mentioned Eevs. Elim McCord, James Ritchey, Azel Freeman, D. D., "W. T. Ferguson, James White, J. B. Logan, D. D., James M. Miller, J. R. Brown, D. D., J. R. Lowrance, J. A. Chase and J. E. Roach. To these we may add that Dr. McGlumphy, in the spring of 1883, by a special effort to increase the endowment fund, secured more than $30,000. Citizens of Lincoln and Logan County, owners of property and business men, without regard to their church affiliations, have been liberal in donating money and property to the University and otherwise assisting in placing it on a substantial basis. Among them we may mention Geo. H. Camp- bell, John Howser, Geo. W. Edgar, R. B. Latham, Colbey Knapp, John Wyatt, A. Mayfield, Frank Froser, Joshua Howser, James Coddington, Jno. D. Gillett, Erastus Wright, J. S. Randolph, S. A. Foley, Hon. I. T. Foster, A. J. McGJumphy, D. D., B. F. Mc- Cord, Rev. J. M. Hubbert, Luther Jenisen, John Happerly, F. Altman, E. JSf. Davis, Jno. Evans, J. J. Friend, M. Grieshara, Gil- lespie &Co., David Gilchrist, Robert Gilchrist, Wm. R. Gilchrist, -bV •»» Q_ 3g2 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. Mrs. Emma K. Good, Mrs. E. R. Harrington, C. J. Head, Frank Hatton, G. I. Harry, Wm. Hungerford, Levi Hatton, Geo. W. James, Frank Klatt, C. M. Knapp, R. N. Lawrence, J. A. Lutz, Jacob Mundy, T. Newkirk, H. Patterson, John Scully, Mrs. L. M. Switzer, S. Stern, W. M. Dustin, J. M. Starkey, B. H. Brainerd and Daniel P. Bryan (now deceased), the latter having donated his entire estate and founded a professorship. Other devoted friends of the enterprise residing in Logan County and elsewhere have also been liberal in their donations to the University. Donations of |5,000 each, to become available after the death of the respective donors, have been made by Thomas Burnett, Martha Beatty, Wm. Gait, J. R. Newman and J. T. Drennan. The charter members of the Board of Trustees were: Rev. Elim McGord, R. B. Latham and John Howser, for Indiana Synod; Rev. David Lowry, Geo. W. Edgar and J. F. D. Elliott, for Iowa Synod; Rev. J. B. Logan, A. G. Boyd and James Coddington , for Central Illinois Synod; Rev. J. M. Miller, Rev. J. E. Roach and John Wyatt, for Illinois Synod; and Geo. H. Campbell, J. S. Metcalf and Abram Mayfield for Sangamon Synod. The Trustees at this time are: Rev. W. T. Ferguson, Rev. Jas. Best and J. S. Randolph, for Indiana Synod; Hon. Wm. B. Jones, Rev. W. C. Bell and Rev. J. A. Chase, for Sangamon Synod; Hon. T. T. Beach, Hon. W. T. Moffitt and T. H. Perren for Cen- tral Illinois Synod; Geo. W. Edgar, Thos. Quisenberry and Rev. R. A. Ferguson, for Iowa Synod; and J. A. Hudson, Geo. I. Harry and Rev. T. H. Padgett, for Illinois Synod. Officers: J. A. Hudson, President; J. A. Chase, Yice-President; Wm. B. Jones, Treasurer; and W. C. Bell, Secretary. The aggregate number of students who have attended the Uni- versity is about 3,000 and its graduates number 170. The alumni of the institution, as well as those students who did not complete the regular courses, have, with very few exceptions, reached honorable and some high positions in the pulpit, at the bar, in the medical profession, as professors and teachers, editors, bankers, merchants, and in other branches of business. The instruction received and lessons taught make the students not theorists only, but also practical business men and women, capable of maintaining honorable positions in the great congress of thinkers of the present age. Ll^^ EDUCATIONAL. 363 The property and assets of the University consist of — Campus and buildings, worth $ 60,000 Furniture, library and fixtures , 5,000 Endowment fund invested and otherwise available 60,000 Endowment good, but not yet available. 40,000 Total property and assets $165,000 23 ^^ — - -^ ^ CHAPTER XII. AGRICULTURAL. Logan an Agricdltural County. — Advantages Affoeded to Stock-Raisers. — Ooen the Chief Crop. — Othee Peoduots — Statistics. — Landloedism. — Ageicultueal Societt. — Fiest Fair. — Subsequent Fairs. — Atlanta Faies. — Old Settler's Cabin. The best prosperity a county can have is agricultural. Manu- factures and mineral resources are desirable, but where they are the main dependence there will invariably be a poor, ignorant, unenterprising class of citizens controlled by a few capitalists. Here in Logan County property is quite evenly distributed, with the exception of two large landowners; all are comfortably situated, and all enjoy educational and social advantages. Logan is destined to remain an agricultural county, and it is best so. As a farming region it ranks among the best in the State. Possessing the ad- vantages of a good climate, a soil of inexhaustible fertility, close ■proximity to the markets of Chicago, and excellent railroad facil- ities, the county has already attained such a degree of agricultural development as is seldom found in a country comparatively new. Its wealth and prosperity are steadily and rapidly increasing. When we consider that but two generations ago the red men were the owners of these prairies which now support one of the most flourishing communities in the United States, we may well be aston- ished at the wonderful results which time and an intelligent in- dustry have wrought. In many sections of our country, lands which have been occupied by white inhabitants twice and thrice as long exhibit not one-half of the improvements and substantial evi- dences of real prosperity that Logan County can show. Nature did much for this region, and a thrifty and progressive people have admirably co-operated with her efforts. Farms, buildings and im- provements of every kind are of unusual excellence in this county. Numerous towns and villages scattered over the county furnish abundant and convenient trading points and home markets, while (364) IV AGEIOULTUEAL. 365 unexcelled educational and religious privileges combine to render the lot of the Logan County farmer a most fortunate one. One may travel over many parts of Logan County and naturally conclude that it is one great cornfield; and this is borne out by the official reports. Of a total area of 388,949 acres, 347,418 acres are improved; and of this latter surface, 167,214 acres, or almost half, was planted to corn in 1884, yielding 3,622,560 bushels of that valuable grain. A large amount of this product went into the more marketable form of beef and pork, as the reports show that 4,794 fat cattle were sold, weighing 6,136,774 pounds ; and 48,892 hogs, weighing 11,661,807 pounds. Including home consumption it is safe to say that over 20,000,000 pounds, or 10,000 tons, of meat are produced in this county annually. The next largest area of land is pasture, 64,420 acres. This is of course largely to be charged to live stock, as is also the 42,557 acres of oats, which grain takes the third largest amount of the cultivated surface. Fourth is timothy meadow, 21,132 acres; fifth, winter wheat, 16,009 acres ; sixth, woodland, 14,941 acres. These items deducted, there is only 21,145 acres left as uncultivated lands, orchards, and land used for minor crops. Following is a summary of the county clerk's report for 1884, made in July, 1885, from the reports of the town assessors: Cora.— Acres, 167,214; yield, 3,622,560 bushels. Wheat. — Winter wheat, acres, 16,009; yield, 433,419 bushels. Spring wheat, acres, 453; yield, 6,554 bushels. Oats.—KcrQs, 42,557; yield, 898,122 bushels. Rye. — Acres, 898; yield, 5,175 bushels. Buckwheat. — Acres, one; yield, 132 bushels. ' Beans. — Acres, six; yield, thirty-three bushels. Peas. — Acres, one; yield, 200 bushels. Irish Potatoes.— Acres, 1,254; yield, 98,324 bushels. Sweet Potatoes. — Acres, seventeen; yield, 1,609 bushels. Apple Orchard. — Acres, 4,363; yield, 34,055 bushels. Tobacco. — Yield, 830 pounds. Broom Corn. — Yield, 800 pounds. Timothy Meadow.— Lcres, 21,132; yield, 25,163 tons. Clover Meadow. — Acres, 246; yield, 109 tons. Prairie Meadow. — Acres, 352; yield, 210 tons. Hungarian and Millet. — Acres, ninety-nine; yield, twelve tons. Sorgo.— k.cre&, ninety-one; yield, 9,020 gallons of syrup. Turnip and other Root Crops. — Acres, eiglit. s — ^ •i^ ^ s > 366 HISTORY OF LOGAN COPNTY. Other Fruits and Berries. — Acres, thirty-two. Other Cto^s.— Yalue, $3,500. Sheep. — Number of sheep and lambs, 9,289; number killed by dogs, 13i; value, $ilO; number pounds of wool shorn, 31,890; number fat sheep sold, 1,979; weight, 144,745 pounds; number sheep died of disease, 280. Cattle. — Number, 24,173; number fat cattle sold, 4,794; gross weight, 6,136,774 pounds; number of cattle died, 387 ; value, $14,398. Hogs. — Number, 82,558; number fat hogs sold, 48,892; weight, 11,661,807 pounds ; number died of cholera, 10,656; weight 738,165 pounds; number hogs died of other diseases, 1,589; weight, 128,955 pounds. Honey. — Pounds produced, 38,914. Horses and Colts. — Number, 12,479; colts foaled, 1,521; number horses and colts died, 570; value, $10,177. Drain Ti^e.— Number of feet laid, 1,084,866. The average value per acre of the farm products of Logan County for 1884 was $5.63, ranking as the thirty-fourth county in the State. LANDLORDISM. History and reason alike teach that distribution of land and ownership by the tillers thereof are essential to the highest pros- perity of a community. France is the best illustration of a land where peasant proprietorship is the rule, and Ireland the saddest example of the blighting effects of alien landlordism. Just so soon as the lands in America begin to concentrate into the hands of a few owners, then will our agricultural classes begin to degenerate. They will show a loss of means, comforts, enterprise and intelli- gence. It is not likely that we shall ever become as badly off as Great Britain, where the law of entail is the principal factor oper- ating to preserve large estates, but we should combat every tend- ency in that direction. It is frequently argued that we in America have nothing to fear from vast fortunes; that these will be divided and wasted as fast as accumulated. This principle of self-adjust- ment is much less applicable to real estate than to personal prop- erty. Every one who has a vote in the affairs of our State or Nation should feel haunted by the startling fact that there are already over 1,000,000 tenant farmers in America, and direct his attention to the remedy, if there be any possible. Logan County has about 500 of these tenant farmers, and has an =9^'( — ' '"-- =*^ - AGBICULT0EAL. 367 unpleasant notoriety thereby. Many large farms are owned by residents of Lincoln, Mt. Pulaski and Atlanta, and some by citi- zens of other counties, but two proprietors may be singled out from all the rest by reason of the vastness of their estates. One of these is John D. Gillett, father-in-law of Governor Oglesby. He re- sides on his property and manages it directly. The land is in the southern part of the county, near the village of Elkhart, and con- sists of many thousand acres of prairie. Mr. Gillett commenced poor, and owes his wealth to no inheritance of the accumulations of ancestors. He is an enterprising citizen and public spirited. He owns considerable property in Lincoln, some of which does not yield so much in dollars as in general assistance to the appearance and prosperity of the place. He is fair in his dealings with ten- ants, who are of a better class tban tenants frequently are. All in all, Mr. Gillett as a landlord is a pleasing contrast to William Scully, who owns more land than any other man in Illinois, and is undoubtedly an incubus upon Logan County's development. He is the owner of about 80,000 acres of land in this State, about 45,000 acres being in Logan County. Much of this land was acquired from the Government, at $L25 an acre. Large tracts were obtained at 50 cents to $1 .00 an acre, through the use of soldiers' land warrants. He has been for more than two years buying nearly everything offered for sale near his estates, and evi- dently intends to enlarge his holdings as much as possible. He is an alien, residing in London, England, and takes over $200,000 in rents out of Illinois every year. He has introduced the worst feat- ures of landlordism here, his leases being the latest improvements on those which have reduced Ireland to its present condition. No tenant can sell a bushel of wheat or corn without first applying to the agent of Mr. Scully for permission, and every law which has been or may in the future be made for the protection of debtors is expressly waived by the tenants. The latter are mostly German, as Americans do not often rent, and Mr. Scully has had so much trouble with the Irish that he does not encourage their applica- tions. All tenants imist doff their hats when at the office of the agent, F. C. W. Koehnle, and other customs are in vogue which seem oppressive. Every grain buyer at Lincoln, Mason City, 'New Holland, Burton View, Hartsburg, Emden and other points is served with a notice, of which the following is a copy: Lincoln, III. — To , Grain Dealer — Sie: I herewith below send you a list of tenants of William Scully, and beg to no- "*7p=^ 368 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOUNTT. tify you that their com and other crops are subject to William Scully'e landlords' lien for rent, and that you must not pay them for any corn or other grain until said rent is paid, or I shall be obliged to hold you liable therefor. Tours respectfully, F. C. W. KoEHNLE, Ageni. Mr. Scully commenced renting about twenty-three years ago, but acquired much of his land previous to that. In 1850 and 1851 he entered 25,000 acres in what are now Orvil, Sheridan and Prairie Creek townships. He came to America for the first time in the former year; appeared quietly in Lincoln, where he en- gaged board, and gave no one an intimation of his intentions. Every day he was off on horseback, scouring the prairies. He shortly made a trip to Springfield, and entered a tract of land so vast that the story at first seemed incredible. As soon as the country became thickly settled, so that land was desirable, he had little difficulty in obtaining tenants, and although his land is some- what impoverished, he has now no difficulty in finding men to till it. Its poverty is caused by the custom of his tenants, who are mostly " transients," raising nothing but corn, year after year, from the same ground. The owner pays nothing for permanent improvements, consequently these are few and cheap. There is little hedging; the fences are poor, the houses the most comfort- less in the county. There are no barns to speak of, no orchards, scarcely a tree of any description. Churches and school-houses, as may be supposed, are as cheap and far apart as in many regions we term " heathen." In the adjoining townships, where the farmers own their land, everything is in striking contrast. We find neat and substantial dwellings, many of them of brick, usually two stories high; large, roomy barns, cattle-sheds, orchards, neat lawns with evergreens and all the other appurtenances, and' aspects of an ideal Illinois farm. Mr. Scully's lands rent at $3.00 an acre, on the average. Some go as low as $2.50, while the best bring $3.50. In addition the tenant must pay the taxes, which average 45 cents an acre. The proprietor thus escapes all taxation in this country. Several at- tempts have been made to compel him to pay an income tax, but without result. One case was taken to the Supreme Court before he won. In 1876 a measure was introduced into the Legislature imposing an extraordinary tax on holders of Illinois land who are " absentees and aliens." It failed to pass because it was feared ^ AGEIC0LTUBAL. 369 that it would keep foreign capital out of the State. It is thought that this or a similar law will yet be enacted, but it would be a difficult one to enforce, even if it passed the ordeal of the Supreme Court. This landlord owns a whole county in Kansas, some land in Nebraska and some in other States. In Illinois, besides his Logan County property, he owns land in Sangamon, Woodford and Grundy counties. He visits Lincoln every autumn, but never transacts business directly with our people, referring every one to his agent. He even refuses to converse on general topics with an American. LOGAN COUNTY AGRIOULTUEAL SOCIETY. The first effort toward establishing an agricultural society in this county was made in 1856. Previous to that time, although the benefits and importance of such an association was admitted by all, there had been no combined efforts upon the part of our citizens for the improvements of our farmers. Upon the 28th of June, 1856, a public meeting was held, which was numerously attended, for the purpose of organizing an agri- cultural society, at which meeting a constitution was adopted, and the following officers appointed. Oolbey Knapp, President; M. C. Hildreth, Yice-President; Wm. H. Young, Secretary; and "Wm. F. Ryan, Treasurer. An executive committee was also appointed, and the 9th and 10th of October following fixed for holding the first annual fair. In the month of September, and but a month previous to the time set for the fair, the officers and executive committee met, when it was found that but a very small sum had been subscribed toward purchasing a suitable site for the fair grounds and defraying the expenses of the fair. It was then seen that they would either have to abandon altogether holding a fair that year, or else adopt some sure and speedy method of procuring the necessary funds. Accordingly the officers and members pres- ent, to the number of ten, formed themselves into an association, upon the joint-stock principle, each of whom paid in $100, and re- ceived a certificate of stock therefor. With the funds thus obtained a handsome piece of ground ot ten acres was purchased one mile from Lincoln, and the same was inclosed with a high tight fence, and the necessary stalls and fixtures erected in time for the fair. The success of this first fair was complete, and, considering the short time for preparation, the members had good cause to congratulate 370 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. themselves upon the fruits of their labor. About $400 was dis- tributed in premiums, and the receipts for entries and at the gate were amply sufficient to pay the same, as also all the incidental ex- penses attending the exhibition. The display of horses was very fine, ninety-two entries having been made. The display of cattle, hogs and sheep, though not large, was better, both as to quality and quantity, than was expected by the society. Household, gar- den and orchard products, and the ladies' department, were well represented. The whole number of animals and articles entered was 215. Total number of premiums awarded, ninety-six. Tiie total receipts, $536. Animated by the success which attended the first exhibition, the society, determining to profit by the experience which had been gained, resolved to prepare for the second annual fair in a manner worthy of our county and- of the important inter- ests which such exhibitions are intended to promote. SECOND FAIR. The second annual meeting was held upon the 18th of March, 1857. An election of oflicers was held at this meeting, which re- sulted in the election of Colbey Knapp, President; James Tuttle, Vice-President; Wra. H. Young, Secretary; Wra. M. Dustin, Treas- urer. The society having obtained from the Legislature, during the preceding session, a charter, the same was accepted, and it was ordered that the society should in future act under the pro- visions of the same. The treasurer, at this meeting, reported that stock to the amount of $1,300 had been taken, and it was ordered that the society keep open books for the subscription of stock until the full amount ($2,000) should be taken. The time for holding the second annual fair was fixed on the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th of September. A premium list much more extensive and varied than the first was adopted, and $900 appropriated for premiums, to be paid in plate and agricultural books. During the spring and sum- mer the fair grounds were beautified by planting therin a large number of trees, and by erecting permanent and tasty buildings in place of the temporary ones of the preceding year. The second fair was one of which the society had just reason to be proud. The weather was delightful, and during the whole four days the interest of exhibitors and visitors remained unabated. The display of ani- mals and articles, in all the classes, with the exception of grain and vegetable products which, owing to the general backwardness of the season, were inferior, was large. In every respect this exhi- FT l^ AGBIOULTUKAL. 371 bition was an improvement upon the first. The ladies' department was well represented. They appeared to be animated by a zeal and interest in the success of this fair which was contagious. Their department was the great center of attraction during the fair, and well deserved to be so. About 1,000 persons were in attendance during the fair, mostly citizens of Logan County. The nnraber of entries was 520, and the number of premiums, 150. The receipts were much larger than at the first exhibition, and the amount paid in premiums threefold greater. The receipts at the gate and for entry fees met the necessary expenses of the fair, including premi- ums. THIED FAIR. The third annual fair of the society was held September 8, 9, 10 and 11, 1858, and althougii it had more to contend against than any of the preceding ones, among the principal of which were the pecuniary condition of the country, the extreme backwardness of the season, delaying the maturity of all the principal field crops and vegetables, and the unfavorable weather during the greater part of the fair, yet its abundant success satisfied those who perfected its organization that it had now become a permanent and successful institution, with a prospect, for the future of increased and constantly increasing usefulness to the agricultural interests of Logan County. The number of premiums awarded was 134, and the number of entries about the same as the previous year. There was a manifest itnprovement in the stock upon exhibition over thatof the two preceding years, and all of the departments were well represented. FOURTH FAIE. The fourth annual fair was held October 4, 5, 6 and 7, 1859. During the previous year the following had been chosen an Ex- ecutive Committee: S. H. Jones, James Coddington, D. G. Evans, P. R. Marquart and John W. Gasaway. R. B. Latham was Secre- tary, and T. J. Larson, Marshal, with^J. Miller, A. U. Stone, E. Bowman and L. Rosentlial as Assistant Marshals. A liberal pre- mium list was oifereJ, and several special features were included, of which the fallowing was one: "There will be paid $50 to any 'person in Logan County who will kill, in said county, by himself and dogs, or any device, the greatest number of rats, between the 1st day of June, 1859, and the first day of the fair, and produce the scalps entire, accompa- -TT^^ 372 HISTORY .OF LOGAN OOUNTY. pied with an affidavit that no other person or persons assisted him or her in killing said rats, and that he or she has not acquired a scalp either by purchase or gift. And $30 will be paid for next greatest number. And $20 for the third greatest number." The fair was reasonably successful, and encouraged its projectors. The attendance was about 2,500 on each of the two principal days, enough to more than pay expenses. The officers chosen for the succeeding year were: James Tuttle, of Atlanta, President; D. G. Evans, of Salt Greek, Vice-President; G. H, Campbell, of Lin- coln, Secretary; William H. Dustin, of Lincoln, Treasurer. FIFTH FAIR. The fair held October 3, 4 and 5, 1860, was eminently success- ful. The weather was delightful, and everything went off to the satisfaction of the managers. The officers elected for the next year were: President, Benjamin Donan; Vice-President, Isaac Y. Cunningham; Secretary, William H. Young; Treasurer, William H. Dustin; Executive Committee, C. H. Geer, R. B. Latham, Ezra Boren, James Coddington and Thomas J. Larison. SIXTH AND SEVKNTH FAIRS. The sixth fair was held in September, 1861, and the seventh two or three years later. No reports of these are preserved. The war caused the people to lose interest, for a time, in the society, and it was finally considered dead. EIGHTH ANNUAL FAIR. In 1868 interest was revived in the society, and the eighth an- nual fair, begun September, 30, was in every respect a success. Nearly all the departments made a good showing, and the horses and cattle were especially fine in quality and numerous in quantity. The display of hogs and sheep was equally good, and there was an endless variety of unclassifiable articles in the ladies' department and art gallery. The races were interesting, even to a mule race, one mile dash, which was decided by the judges to be a dead heat. On Friday afternoon, after an exhibition of ladies' equestrianism, a portion of the amphitheatre gave way, supposedly on account of the instananeous rising of those there seated. A space of about twenty feet in length and eight or ten in width fell with a crash, precipitating those standing thereon to the ground below, a distance of ten or twelve feet. This accident caused the greatest confusion, r l^ AGRICULTURAL. 3Y3 every one rushing to the scene, anxious for the safety of their friends. After they were extricated from the rubbish, it was found that the injuries of the majority were but slight. Two persons had limbs broken, and several were bruised. NINTH ANNUAL FAIR. The fair of 1879 was held the five days beginning September 7, and came up to the expectations of all who considered the unfavor- able season. The spring had been very wet, and as a consequence not a very good exhibit was made [in the departments of farm and garden products. In the cattle and hog departments the display was good. A special feature this year was the baby show, on Thursday. About a dozen and a half were on exhibition. The interest on Friday centered in the trial of ladies' equestrianism, six ladies contending for the two prizes, which were awarded to Mrs. Myrta Dement and Miss Allen, sisters. The usual races cjime oft at the close of each day's exhibition. TENTH ANNUAL FAIR. Equally successful was the fair of 1870, held duringthe five days beginning August 30. The entries in the horse and cattle depart- ments were unusually large, and floral and art halls presented a fine display. Farm and garden products were well represented, the season having been favorable. Friday was the gala day of this fair, the special attraction being a baloon ascension, to witness which 10,000 people assembled at the fair grounds. The aeronaut was a lady, who made a trip of about a half a mile and then de- scended, the whole occupying about ten minutes time. The races this year were unusually exciting, and the side shows and money- making devices were more numerous than ever before. ELEVENTH ANNUAL FAIR. A liberal list of premiums, double in value those of 1870, were offered for the fair held September 5-9, 1871, and to meet the in- creased expenditure the price of admission tickets was raised. This resulted in a small attendance, so that the fair was not a financial success. As an exhibition, t*his year's display was very good. In thoroughbred, matched and carriage horses, and in draft and farm horses, one might not see a finer collection in a life time. There was a falling off in the number of entries in the art gallery and in floral hall. eL 374 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTr. RE-OEGANIZATION. For financial and other reasons the society was re-organized July 20, 1872, a new constitution was adopted, and the following officers were elected: President, Joseph Ream; Vice-President, George "Warren; Secretary, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, "William M. Dustin; Directors, Sorell Doten, Thomas Wendell, John A. Critchfield, G-eorge Noble, "William Armstrong, Thomas Edes, G. "W. Edgar, W. A. Mills, George D. Bojden, J. S. Randolph and M. Henrichsen. TWELFTH ANNUAL FAIR. The first fair of the re-organized association began October 1, and continued five days. The display of graded cattle, and draft and work horses was not large. In floral and art halls the exhibit was far above the average. As a whole, the fair was a success as an exhibition, but a failure financially. Tiie attendance Thursday and Friday was reasonably good, but not up to tbe expectations of people generally, while scarcely a corporal's guard were witnesses of the show on Saturday. The occasion was a great political meet- ing at Mt. Pulaski, where General Logan spoke to some 15,000 people. For the ensuing year, the association chose as -President, Joseph Ream; Vice-President, George "Warren; Secretary, C. Murray Knapp; Treasurer, "William M. Dustin; Directors, Joseph Bell, R. A. Talbot, George D. Boyden, M. Henrichsen, S. B. Evans, George "W. Edgar, Thomas Edes, John A. Critchfield, Uriah Warren, Ed. Martin and Sorell Doten. THIRTEENTH ANNUAL FAIR. The Logan County fair of 1873 was held during the five days beginning September 9, and although fairs were held the same week in McLean, Tazewell and Menard counties, in spite of unfavorable weather on the best day, there was a goodly attend- ance. The receipts were $3,500, enough to pay all premiums, but leaving the society a little short on miscellaneous expenses. The weather was fine on Tuesday and Wednesday; Thursday was hot and dusty; Friday was rainy in the forenoon and threatening in the afternoon, thus spoiling the" most profitable day of the week; Sat- urday was clear and cool. The exhibition was by far the best ever held on the grounds up to date. More good cattle were shown than ever before in the county, and the display of horses was very large, there being 269 entries. ^ AGEIOULTUEAL. 375 The following officers were elected: President, Joseph Ream; Vice-President, John Thomas; Secretary, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, W. M. Dustin; Directors, Harry Sisson, Sorell Doten, Walter Lawrence, George Boyden, H. L. Pierce, Thomas Kenyon, Thomas Edes, E. D. Blinn, J. A. Critohfield, Joseph Bell and James Keyes. FOURTEENTH ANNUAL FAIE. The fair held September Y-11, 1874, was successful financially, as well as otherwise. It was the first time since the grounds were bought that the institution paid expenses. The weather was fine the entire week. The last two days were a little dusty, but not enough to incommode visitors. Thursday was the great day, and the attendance was between 5,000 and 6,000, the gate receipts being $1,570. On the closing day, too, there were not less than 2,500 on the grounds at one time. The total receipts were over $4,000. The horse show was better than for some years previous, and all the live-stock and poultry displays were good. Industrial and fine art halls were hardly up to the average. A saddle and bridle offered as premiums to the best boy riders under fifteen years of age brought out the most spirited contest ever seen, up to this time, on the association's grounds. There were twelve riders of va- rious sizes, mounted on good, bad and indifferent horses, and offer- ing curious contrasts in their manner and in their style of dress. Two or three were conspicuously neat, as if conscious that appear- ances go a long way with committees, while others rode in their shirt sleeves as if they had merely caught up Dobbin to go after the cows. The committee were a long time making their decision and the riding was frequently fast and furious, with imminent danger of collisions. Nelt Green received the first premium, though one of the smallest boys, and Tom Duff the second. The officers chosen for 1874:-'5 were: President, Joseph Ream; Vice-President, John Thomas; Secretary, A. B.Nicholson; Treas- urer, W. M. Dustin; Directors, Andrew Armstrong, John A. Critchfield, Sorell Doten, H. H. Sisson, George T>. Boyden, Frank Gerard, L. L. Hatton, M. H. Beaver, H. L. Pierce, J. "w. Wright, and Jacob Gehlbach. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL FAIE. The week beginning Monday, August 23, 1875, was favored with fine weather, and the fair passed off pleasantly in every re- spect. Thursday, the principal day, there were over 5,000 people ■ V 376 HI8T0KT OF LOGAN COUNTY. on the grounds, and the receipts were $2,600. The total receipts were $5,145.60, against $4,100 the previous year. Expenses were lighter than usual, so that the association made money. It closed this fair with a surplus of $570.25. A liberal premium list was offered, too. The best showing was made in horses. A num- ber of additional stalls were erected for these. The total entries in all departments amounted to 1,386. For the next year the follow- ing were elected: President, Joseph Eeam; Vice-President, H. L. Pierce; Secretary, T. W. Kenyon; Treasurer, J. S. Eandolph; Di- rectors, John Thomas, E. D. Blinn, J. "W. "Wright, Andrew Arm- strong, Jacob Gehlbach, M. H. Beaver, Sorell Doten, George D. Boyden, H. H. Sisson, Frank Gerard and John A. Critchfield. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL FAIR. The fair occupying the five days, August 21-25, 1876, was the most successful up to date held by the association. Fine weather prevailed throughout, and all the departments were unusually full. The races were unusually attractive, there being on hand a number of trotting and running horses with excellent records. The entries footed up — Horses, 410; trotting and running, 96; equestrian, 11; tournament, 17; fat men's race, 2; jacks and mules, 21; cattle, 101; hogs, 123; sheep, 53; poultry, 232; farm and garden, 68; farm and mechanical, 39; carriages, buggies, etc., 14; unenumerated, 14; manufactures, 31; domestic and factory fabrics, 77; needlework, 353; painting, etc., 132; flowers, birds, etc, 44; dairy products, etc., 37; canned and preserved fruits, 421; bread and cakes, 111; children's department, 345; botany and geology, 6; unenumerated, 31 — total, 2,789, a much larger number than in any previous year. On Thursday there were 7,000 people on the grounds at one time. The receipts for the week were not much less than $6,000. The most novel feature of this fair was a tournament, in imita- tion of those held in medieval times. Of seventeen who entered twelve participated, besides Dr. Maull, of Middletown,who directed. The knights were not masked, but displayed ,a variety of costumes in which various colored velvets were slashed with crimson or yel- low, and eccentric hats bore plumes of black, purple, yellow, or red. All were well mounted, though, as might have been ex- pected, on horses of widely different sizes and colors. The Doctor marched them by company front, by platoons, in two ranks, in four ranks, etc., for a few minutes and then produced a book and called the roll after the following fashion: Richmond (Yance Oun- AGRICULTURAL. 377 ningham), Douglass (Jeff Leavitt), Lohengrin (James Keys), Sir Launcelot (Miles Mannon), Malcolm Graeme (Charles Gerard), The Nameless Knight (John W. Keys), The Knight of the Garter (George Warren, Jr.), Red Rose Knight (S. H. Mannon\ Richard of the Lion Heart (James Canhon), Leopold (Hugh Binns), The Black Knight (William Theobald), Sir Arthur (E. Groves). At equal intervals around the exterior of the arena seven posts had been planted, to which were nailed cross beams projecting in- wardly. From the iuner end of each beam a wire depended, on the lower end of which was hui\g a ring about two and a half inches in diameter. The feat to be accomplished was to bear off the rings on the point of a spear while riding at a gallop. Three trials were allowed each knight. When at the command of the Doctor the first stout man-at-arms put his laace in rest and rashed amain at the rings, popular expectation was aroused to a high pitch, and there were cries of " Yah," " Yah," fi»om the crowd at each success- ful or unsuccessful effort to carry off a ring. The initiatory gallop was rewarded with four rings, which was regarded as quite satis- factory, but the next knight scored three, the one who followed him two, and finally the number dwindled to one. The crowd had been good natured enough hitherto, but now, apparently feeling that there was a limit to human endurance, and that a line must be drawn somewhere, chose to draw it on one ring, and the crestfallen knight went back to his station accompanied by a storm of derisive hoots and cries of " Take him out." Thus the contest went on with varying success until each knight had had his three tilts, when Sir Launcelot (Miles Mannon), having taken sixteen rings, was ad- judged the victor. SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL FAIR. In spite of unfavorable weather, the fair of 1877, held August 19-24:, more than paid expenses. The total receipts were $5,800. The exhibition was considered good. The tournament feature was repeated this year, though with less preparation, and with but six competitors. EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL FAIR. From August 26 to the 30th, 1878, was held a fair which was pronounced by many to be the best of the series. Fine weather, judicious advertising and good management contributed to this de- sirable result. The authorities excluded all games of chance, shooting galleries and dance houses, one of the direct results be- 378 HISTORY OF LOGAN COnNTY. ing a material decrease in the floating population of thieves and dead beats who gather in their harvest at fairs. The total receipts were about $5,500, which permitted a respectable balance on the favorable side of the ledger. The entries footed up 3,761, exclu- sive of several hundred which were made by merchants and others for display, and for which no premiums were offered. The in- crease was principally in floral hall where the exhibit was much better than any previous year. The entries by classes were: Horses, 419; equestrian, 18; madi-gras, 5i; mules, 14; cattle, 80; hogs, 136; sheep, 80; poultry, 116; mechanical, 152; farm and gar- den, 301; ladies' department, 773; fruit trees, flowers, etc., 920; musical instruments, etc., 40; painting, etc., 233; unenumerated, 20; children's department, 415. NINETEKNTH ANNUAL FAIR. • An equal degree of, improvement was made by the fair held August 25-29, 1879. The same policy of excluding gambling in- stitutions and other objectionable features was maintained. Good weather brought a large attendance. The total entries numbered 4,447, the largest, up to that time, ever recorded by the associa- tion. Entries by classes were: Dairy, saccharine, etc., 518; fruits, trees and flowers, 1,157; musical instruments, pictures, etc., 278; textile fabrics, 670; children's department, 514; unenumerated, 30; horses, 436; equestrianism, 16; mules, etc., 21; cattle, 119; hogs, 157; sheep, 134; poultry, 227; mechanical arts, 93; mardi-gras, 72; unenumerated, 5. The event of the week, for excitement, was a mule race, there being three entries. The carnival was also an amusing feature. Apparently all the phenomenally poor horses and mules, ramshackle vehicles and old clothes in the county had been gathered up for the occasion. One of the companies was headed by an old woman in a white cap, driving a horse whose every Jbone stood out as if ready to break the skin drawn so tersely over it. The vehicle was a revolving hogshead marked " tobacco," while aloft was carried a banner bearing the legend " On to Kich- mond; express A. D. 1779." The intention was to show the old Virginian method of marketing the tobacco crop. Two floats mounted on miserable wagons carried bands, disguised horribly and making discor4ant noises. One wagon bore a cook-stove with an old woman getting dinner; another carried a calf tricked out in a buffalo robe until hardly recognizable. There were figures on JL AGEIOULTUEAL. 379 stilts, Indians, Chinamen, negroes, etc., a nondescript rabble that greatly amused the crowd. The expenses this year were very heavy, and the annual report of the secretary showed the society to be $9.92 behind — not a very large debt. It was decided to place the unsold stock on the mar- ket, as only a portion of the $20,000 allowed by the constitution had been taken. The officers elected were: President, Joseph Ream; Vice-President, Joseph Bell; Secretary, A. B. Nicholson; Assistant Secretary, A. Denny; Treasurer, Simon Rock; Direct- ors, A. Armstrong, E. D. Blinn, J. Wilmot, L. Rosenthal, F. Gerard, M. A. Beaver, M. Spitly, John Thomas, H. H. Sisson, H. L. Pierce and Thomas "Wendle. TWENTIETH FAIR. A drouth prevailed in the months of July and August, 1880, which caused the farmers to hesitate about bringing out their stock, and hence the fair held August 23-27 was not up to the average. The attendance was not so good. The receipts were about $4,- 500, and the society was obliged to scale down their premiums for the first time in their history. The officers elected for 1881 were: President, Joseph Ream; Yice-President, Joseph Bell; Secretary; "W. H. Derby; Treasurer, H. L. Pierce; Directors, A. Armstrong, J. T. Foster, Elias Buckles and S. Linn Beidler, F. Gerard, A. B. Nicholson, William Wendle, Martin Spitly, M. H. Beaver, John Thomas and H. H. Sisson. TWBNTT-FIKST FAIR. The fair of 1881, August 22-26, was the most disastrous of any of late years. The drouth and heat up to the last moment, and then untimely rains, affected both the exhibition and the attend- ance, and the receipts were little more than half what they should have been. Premiums were scaled again. At the annual meeting held January li following, the follow- ing officers were chosen: President, Joseph Ream; Yice-Presi- dent, H. L. Pierce; Secretary, T. H. Stokes; Treasurer, A. B. Nicholson; Directors, A. Armstrong, William D. Duff, M. H. Beaver, S. Doten, William Wendle, John Thomas, Henry Ahrens, John Mourer, John A. Oritchfield, B. P. Andrews and Lewis Rosenthal. 34 ^fC * if- 380 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. IWENTT-SECOND FAIE. The next fair, August 28 to September 1, 1882, was one of the most successful fairs in late years. This was due to the good weather, and also to the introduction of two special features — a re- union of former residents of Logan County, and a reunion of old soldiers, under the auspices of the Second Cavalry. The former registered to the number of forty or more, while many old resi- dents were present who did not report. No meeting or special ex- ercises were held, but all wore white badges bearing these words: "First Reunion of Former Residents of Logan County, Fair Grounds, Lincoln, Illinois, August 31, 1882. Should auld ac- quaintance be forgot? " At the soldiers' reunion there were nearly forty members of the Second Illinois Cavalry present, and they formed a permanent regimental association. Officers were elected for the ensuing year. The One Hundred and Sixth Infantry also took steps toward or- ganization with a view to a i-eunion in 1883. Several hundred ex-soldiers, members of other regiments, were also present. Ad- dresses were delivered by Major M. "Wemple, of Mt. Pulaski; Captain J. H. Rowell, of Bloomington, and General John A. Mc- Clernand, of Springfield. TWENTY-THIRD FAIE. This was one of the most successful of the series. Good weather brought a fine array of exhibits, and a very large attendance. The receipts were over $6,000, enabling the association to apply about $1,000 toward the liquidation of old indebtedness. In the spring of 1883 the agricultural and driving park associa- tions were consolidated, and these directors chosen: T. W. Kenyon, A. B. Nicholson, M. EL. Beaver, Fred Dittus, Adolph Dittus, Adolph Rimmerman, T. H. Stokes, W. D. Dufi", Silas Rosenthal, A. Rothschild, S. Doten, B. P. Andrews, ^.E. D. Bliiin, William "Wendle, W. H. Traner and R. B. Latham. These directors chose A. B. Nicholson as President; R. B. Latham, Vice-Presi- dent; E. H. Stokes, Secretary; Silas Rosenthal, Secretary of the speed ring, and B. P. Andrews, Treasurer. TWENTY-FODETH FAIE. The officers for 1881 were: A. B. Nicholson, President; T. H. Stokes, Secretary; B. P. Andrews, Treasurer. ±[U. AGEICULTUEAL. 381 The fair held August 25-29, 1884, was favored with good weather and was considered a success. A special feature was "children's day," when school children were admitted free. Be- tween 3,000 and 4,000 attended. A parade of the children brought out 751 in line. Prizes were given the school making the best showing. TWENTY-FIFTH FAIR. The twenty-tifth fair, held September 7-11, 1885, opened with very unfavorable weather. Monday was cloudy and threatening up to about 4 p. M., when matters grew worse and a steady rain be- gan. It was a cold, persistent rain, with the wind in the southeast, and people shook their heads and wondered if it would last three or four days. The discouraging patter continued all night, but on Tuesday morning the downpour ceased, and by 10 o'clock the wind had changed and the sky began to clear. Thus the fair was in rather a backward condition at the close of the second day. Wednesday was also rainy and cold, but Thursday and Friday, the two principal days, were favored with pleasant skies and air. The exhibition of horses and cattle each day was remarkably good, and most of the other departments made a respectable showing. In spite of the rain, the receipts were $5,500, which paid all bills. Visitors generally agreed that this was the bestjfair ever given in Logan County. THE ATLANTA UNION OENTBAL AGRIOULTUBA.L SOCIETY was organized in 1860 and incorporated by special act of the Legis- lature in 1861. A. N. Dills, A. C. Barnes, Joseph Bell, Isom S. Atchison, G. N. Bryson, Ezra T. Kenyon, J. E. Hoblit, Alex. Downey, P. R. Marquart, J. A. Pitts, A. J. Ludlam and |Ellis Dillon acting for the society were the incorporators. This organization was the outgrowth of the enterprise and prog- ress exhibited by this community. They early saw the advan- tages arising from breeding a high grade of stock and cultivating the more productive and improved varieties of grain and frait,[and wisely thought an agricultural society one of the best means to promote this end. From its inception the idea that this was to be a union fair has been kept prominently in view and its stockholders and patrons are distributed in the four counties of Logan, McLean, DeWitt and Tazewell, In this is found one of the elements of its phenomenal 'FT 382 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. strength. While nearly all similar societies are limited in their organization to one county this points with pride to the fact that four of the finest agricultural counties of the great State of Illinois equally unite in its support. Among its 184 stockholders are found many of their most progressive and enterprising farmers, stock-raisers and business men. The grounds are located on a beautiful tract of land of thirty- five acres adjoining the city of Atlanta on the south, one-half mile from the city square. Centrally located, it has always commanded the united support of its first patrons. Few societies in the State can boast of finer grounds because few have been in continued op- eration for twenty-six years. During these many years groves of native and evergreen trees have been carefully cultivated and now groups of beautiful shade trees are scattered over the grounds. An abundance of water is obtained from wells. Their buildings are convenient, commodious and handsome. Long lines of roomy stalls for horses and cattle; a large number of comfortable pens for hogs and sheep; a substantial machinery hall; an extensive dining hall; a large semi-circular covered amphitheater, capable of seating several thousand persons; a tasty and ornamental band stand and an elegant new floral hall for the exhibition of farm and garden products, fruits, canned goods, fancy work, art displays, etc., all attest that the directors carefully study the interest of exhibitors and visitors alike. A circular race-track, facing the amphitheater, is laid out in the east part of the grounds. Since its organization twenty-six years ago this society has annually held a fair, with the exception of the year 1862, when the civil war absorbed every interest. The time for holding its meetings has usually been in September and is now fixed by by-law to begin on the first Tues- day in that month and continue four days. .It must not for a moment be supposed that it has all been clear sailing and that their meetings have been a series of uninterrupted successes. Like all similar organizations, it has had its ups and downs, its bright and gloomy sides. But it has been especially fortunate in having a set of warm supporters who were neither willing to give up its life nor sacrifice its honor. While many of the cotemporary societies have been compelled to succumb and die and others to sacrifice their honor by prorating their premiums this one has succeeded in riding every storm and always paid its debts dollar for dollar. At one time its debts amounted to $2,700 and the directors were compelled to pledge their private obliga- AGRIOULTDEAL. 383 tions to secure them, yet by careful and economical management everything was cleared and to-day it stands free of debt with a surplus of $1,500 in the treasury. The display of horses, cattle, hogs and sheep is usually good. Liberal premiums are offered and are closely contended for. This annual display of line stock has led to the constant improvement of the breeds and has earned for this section of the country an en- viable reputation in cattle, horses, hogs and sheep. Few finer rings of draft horses can be seen ."any where than at this fair, and the show of grade and thoroughbred cattle is superior. In the halls the ladies vie with each other in canned fruits, bread, cakes, fancy, and useful articles, and the farmers in all the varied productions of farm and garden. It has been the intention of the managers to make this more es- pecially a stock and agricultural fair and they have ottered little encouragement to racing. There is a good track where some trials of speed are made, but no large purses are offered or special efforts put forth to make this a leading feature. Gambling devices of every kind are frowned down. The sale of all kinds of liquors are strictly prohibited, and every effort put forth to maintain a high moral standard. Its affairs are managed by a president, four yice-p residents, a secretary, treasurer and a board of seven directors chosen from and by the stockholders. The election of ofiicers occurs annually on the first Saturday in November. The following named gentle- men have served the society as presidents for periods ranging from one to four years: 1860, A. W. Morgan; 1861-'62, A. K Dills; 1863, A. C. Barnes; 1864, J. A. Mills; 1865-'6, David Kern; 1867, Alex. Downey; 1868, Joseph Bell; 1869-'70, Aug. Eeise; 1871, Benj. Bean; 1872, W. H. Beverly; 1873, P. R. Marqaart; 1874-'5, Aug. Reise; 1876, J. W. Yeazell; 1877, A. N. Dills; 1878, J. H. Bell; 1879, Aug. Reise; 1880-'l, Frank Hoblit; 1882-'6, Ed. Stubblefield. All of these are men who have had much to do with the progress and development of this community, and the history of the society shows the impress of their energy and judgment. Only four gentlemen have held the position of secretary since the organization, each of them being well-fitted for the duties: S. D. Fisher, for many years secretary of the State Board of Agri- culture, served this society from 1860 to 1868 and from 1869 to 1874. Frank Hoblit held the position for the year 1868; 0. L. Downey for the years 1875 to 1879, inclusive, when the present secretary, J. '-^ 384 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. P. Hieronymus, was elected and has held the position ever since. On the secretary devolves the more arduous and routine duties, and the above gentlemen deserve much praise for the proficiency and care with which they have performed them. The Board of Directors meet regularly on the last Saturday of each month for the transaction of the business of the society. They have uniformly been a conservative body of men, quick to see and grasp an opportunity for advancing the interests of the insti- tution over which they watched. A list of the premiums offered is annually published and distrib- uted throughout the country. It is carefully revised each year and such changes made as experience and the times demand. The premiums are liberal and quite a large sum of money is annually distributed in this manner throughout the community. Since its organization there has been paid out through the various channels of the society $85,836.14. The authorized capital stock is $20,000. The par value of each share of stock is $20. The number of shares issued is 296. The present cash value of the grounds and improvements is estimated at $7,500. The corps of officers chosen for the ensuing year of 1S86 are Ed. Stubblefield, President; Jesse Stubblefield, P. E.. Marquart, George Kobb and J. H. Bart, Vice-Presidents: J. P. Hieronymus, Secretary; 0. H. Turner, Treasurer; J. L. Bevan, Attorney; A. L. Hoblit, Assistant Secretary; Jacob Funk, W. H. H. Ross, Silves- ter Hoblit, "W. B. Stroud, Jr., Elias Harness. J. H. Bell and Joseph Garrett, Directors. Several of them have served the society for several years in various capacities. Authority is granted by the constitution to establish an institu- tion of learning in connection with the society, the object of such institution being to introduce a course of more thorough instruc- tion in those branches of science that more directly concern an ag- ricultural community as well as the other arts and sciences, and in connection with it to conduct a farm for experimental purposes, dp to the present time the society has never followed out this pro- vision. A feature which has received a good deal of attention of late years and added considerable interest has been the organization of the " Old Settlers' Union" and their meeting held in connection with the fair. Tlie first annual gathering was held by invitation with the Ag- -. B r AGRIODLTUBAL. 385 ricultural Board at the fair grounds September 7, 1880. All resi- dents of the counties of Logan, McLean, Tazewell and De Witt who have lived in Illinois forty years are eligible to membership and were cordially invited to be present. Silk badges were provided to distinguish the old settlers, blue tor those persons who had lived in Illinois fifty years and red for those who had been in the State forty years. A largs number responded to the invitation and a permanent organization was effected. The society gave theui the use of a pleasant grove, known as Old Settlers' Grove, for holding tlieir annual meeting and accompanying exer- cises. They also present all members with a complimentary ticket of admission to the grounds on the day of this meeting — the first day of the fair each year. The organization has some energetic members who have been very successful in enlisting the old settlers in the effort to perpet- uate the memory of the struggles and pleasures of early life in Il- linois. Many curious relics of the pioneer are exhibited. In 1881 they decided to erect a " Monumental Log Cabin " in their grove, each member being allowed to contribute one log or piece toward the building. The committee to solicit contributions were Ed. Stubblefield and Jacob Funk for McLean Oount7; Sylvester Strong, David Bowles andE. S. Ewing for Logan County; E. Hieronymus and L. M. Stroud for Tazewell County; E. H. Kobb and Wm. Teal for De Witt County. The material was on the ground by July 1 and ready for use. The interest shown will be seen when it is stated that some of the logs were hauled or shipped by rail a distance of twenty miles for tlie honor of being placed in the cabin. Enoch Hieronymus was appointed to superintend and the following persons selected as " Corner Men :" ISTortheast corner, McLean County, Rev. A. T. Orr and Jesse Stubblefield; Northwest corner, Tazewell County, Ellis Roberts and Oliver Mason; Southwest corner, Logan County, John A. Howser and G. I. Harry; Southeast corner, De Witt County, Samuel Huff and Jos. B. Garrett. The building erected Aug 16, 1881, was a substantial log cabin, 18 x20, common in the country forty years ago. The pioneers also in 1882 erected a small cabin of unhewn logs, using neither nail nor modern device in its construction. This is a monument to the " Snow Birds," or settlers previous to the deep snow of 1830-'31. Many of the members have planted trees around the cabins, adding much of personal interest to it. Following is a list of the names of those who contributed raa- ^fv^ 386 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. terial to its erection ; tlie names followed by tlie abbreviation, "Dec." liave died since tlie erection of the building: Michael Albright, John F. Albright, James R. Adams, Ephraim G. Adams, Charles D. Allen (Dec), J. T. Atchison, David Atchison, George Atchison, H. Armington, Jefferson Britt (Dec), William S. Britt, R. M. Britt, John Buckles, William Burt (Dec), Thomas Bnrt, Samuel Bevan (Dec), David Bowles, P. T. Brooks, ElzaM. Brooks (Dec), James M. Brooks, Lewis Barr, John Barr, Hamil- ton Barr, Prettyman Barr, F. M. Brock, Mrs. P. M. Beverly, James Biggs, Levi Biggs, R. H. Baker, W. F. Baldwin, Alfred Bryan, J. G. Oarlock, S. J. Chapin, Levi Cantrall, Hon. David Davis, Bundrant Darnall, John M. Darnall, Eber Davenport, Tbos. H. Dills, 0. C. Ewing, E. S. Ewing (Dec), S. B. Evans, B. F. Funk, Jacob Funk, G. W. Funk, J. W. Funk, Mary A. Folts, Samuel P. Glenn (Dec), John D. Gillett, Mary Groves, Alexander Groves, Michael Hittle, Caleb Hainline, Enoch Hieronymus, Will- iam Hioronymus, J. W. Hammitt, John A. Hoblit, Frank Hoblit, J. E. Hoblit, J. L. Hoblit, L. M. Hoblit, Abigail Hoblit, 0. D. Hoblit (Dec), C. C. Hoblit (Dec), F. M. Hoblit (Dec), Sylvester Hainline, Lorenzo Hainline, Green Hainline, Madison Howard, John Houghton, Lemuel Houghton (Dec), S. P. Hough, G. I. Harry, John Harmon, Jacob Judy, D. H. Judy, R. M. Judy, Freeman Jones, William Jones, Kitchell, Dennis Kenyon, Ezra Kenyon, R. B. Latham, Thomas J. Larison, Abel Larison, James M. Larison, William Lee, John Longvvorth (Dec), J. J. McGraw, G. W. Minier, Oliver Mason, W. J. Murphy, J. Mer- riam, Marvell and Gambrel, F. M. Maddox, S. 0. McCollough,W. W. Morgan, George Mo untjo}-, William Mountjoy, AbramOnstott (Dec), 0. R. Pierce, Albert Qiiisenberry, T. Q. Rutlege, E. H. Robb, George Robb, Wilson Richmond, J. 0. Riley, Mrs. Smith Stroud, J. P. Strange, Sylvester Strong, John Strong, Jesse Stub- blefield, Ed. Stubblefield, John Stubblefield, Ab. Stubblefield, G. M. Stubblefield, 0. W. Stubblefield, Joiin Thomas (Dec), William Teel, Thomas Taylor, Alfred Turner, Isaac Vanordstrand, W. A. Verry, J. and R. Warlow, Campbell Wakefield. In addition to the above building, the pioneers,or those who were of the age of fifty years and upward, erected, the year following, another building of logs that were not hewn, such as the old pio- neers, or first settlers of this country, built upon their arrival here. These two buildings stand as a monument to the class of men and women who subdued and brought under cultivation the wild AGEIOULTCTEAL. 387 prairies of Illinois, and made it all that it is worth to-day. But the troubles and trials, and hardships, and privations, and dangers, none but those that till similar places will ever know anything about. Frank Hoblit has probably been more instrumental than any other one person in organizing and perpetuating this pleasant feat- ure of " fair week. " Quite a number of men of national reputation have addressed the old settlers at their meetings. Among them are Hon. David Davis, Shelby M. CuUom, Richard J. Oglesby, Judge Jno. M. Scott and General Samuel Gary. The fair grounds are a favorite resort for celebrating the Fourth of July, an event for which Atlanta has become quite famous throughout the surrounding country. The grounds are free to the public on that day, where shade or shelter are readily at hand. Taken all together no agricultural society in the State has been better managed in the past or has brighter prospects for the future than the Atlanta Union Central Agricultural Society. 5' -i^ CHAPTER XIII. RAILROADS. Powerful Agencz in Developing a New Country. — Histories of THE Roads Crossing THIS County. — ^Chioago & Alton. — Peoria, Decatur & Evansville. — Champaign & Hatana. — Illinois Midland. — Illinois Central. Rapid development of a new country is only possible through a system of railroads, affording speedy, regular, safe and economical transportation. To fully open up a district like Illinois, Indiana or Kentucky, a whole generation was required. Now, by the aid of railroads, the vast Territory of Dakota has within five years re- ceived a half million inhabitants, and is read}' to be converted into two new States, Dakota and Pembina — stars Nos. 39 and 40 in our Federal constellation. By the same agency Asia, Australia, South America and Africa are being rapidly civilized and devel- oped. In short, the known world is being wonderfully enlarged. But for the iron horse, Africa must remain the " dark continent " for countless generations. In view of present developments, it is to be the land of promise for emigrants in the twentieth century. CHICAGO & ALTON. This was the first road through Logan County, and contributed largely to its rapid development. The original name of this com- pany was the "Alton & Sangamon Railroad Company," and the original charter was dated the 27th of February, 1847. In 1852 the name was changed to the " Chicago & Mississippi Railroad Com- pany." Three years later it became the " Chicago, Alton & St. Louis," and in 1862 the present name was adopted. The main line was built in 1853 and 1854. It crossed Logan County north- east and southwest, and passed through Atlanta, Eminence, East Lincoln, "West Lincoln, Broadwell, Elkhart and Hurlbut townships. The stations in this county are Atlanta, Lawndale, Lincoln, Broad- well and Elkhart. The Chicago & Alton is one of the best man- aged roads in the State, and perhaps offers the best accommodation to passengers. (388) EAILEOADS. 389 PEORIA, DEOATUB rocure parties or companies willing to undertake the building of the road, and Colonel Latham at once devoted his time and en- ergy to making the necessary arrangements preliminary to begin- ning work. He succeeded in letting the contract for the road from Pekin to Decatur to a company of Pekin contractors, who at once organized the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Rvxilway Construction Company, witli the following officers: C. R. Cummings, President; G. R. Cobleigh, Secretary and Superintendent; and Peter Weyrich, Treasurer. The actual work of grading was at once begun, in November, 1869. The contracts for building the bridges along the line were let to Messrs. I. E". Mason and George W. Broughton. Work was suspended for the winter, and resumed leisurely in the spring of 1870. Four bridges were built at the Mackinaw, aggregating 1,800 feet in length. Early in the summer of 1871 the road was completed to Lincoln, and the company called upon the Board of Supervisors for the first installment of the bonds. TCiese were not delivered, however. Among the objections made were: Location of the road at an in- convenient distance from Lincoln, tardiness in building the road, and irregularity in the voting when the stock was voted to be taken. A number of law firms were asked for opinions as to the liability of the county, and though they were nearly unanimous in deciding ■ pp»l- :£^ EAILROADS. 391 that there was no escape from payment, the board decided to liti- gate, and appropriated §1,000 for that purpose. After all, where the shoe really pinched was in that the bonds were asked to bear 10 per cent, interest, according to the terms of the contract, while the supervisors deemed this rate of interest exorbitant. They could have compromised at this point, by issuing the bonds at 7 per cent., as it was afterward learned that the company would accept this interest; but no attempt at compromise was attempted at this point. Shortly after this, a mysterious coincidence occurred which aroused much indignation. The Board of Supervisors was to meet September 12, 1871, and it was expected that tlie proper officers of the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Company would at this meeting ask for the second and third installment of bonds, the road being now completed through the county. The portent of the incidents re- lated in the following resolutions adopted by the board is seen when it is understood that the four supervisors mentioned had at the July meeting voted against the interest of the railroad com- pany: "Whereas, On the 9th day of September, 1871, four of the mem- bers of the Board of Supervisors of Logan County, viz., C. C. Burton, Sinnett Kankin, John Strong and A. C. Shields, were sub- poenaed to attend the Circuit Court of Tazewell County, on Mon- day, September 11, 1871, as witnesses; and, whereas, said super- visors did not attend said court on Monday the 11th inst., in con- sequence of the fact that the Board of Supervisors of Logan County was to convene on Tuesday, the 12th inst., for the transaction of business, and they deeming the interests of Logan County of para- mount importance to the cases in which they were subpoenaed, and having legal advice that there was no law to compel a supervisor in the time of the sitting of a Supervisors' Court to attend another county as a witness in a civil case; and, whereas said supervisors, in consequence of their non-attendance upon said court, were taken with an attachment from said court, and taken to Pekin, and by the Circuit Court aforesaid fined — the amount of said fine, cost and expense attending the same being for each supervisor as follows: C. C. Burton $19.85, S. Rankin $18.85, John Strong $19.30, and A. G. Shields $19.30, which amounts were severally paid by said supervisors; and, whereas, also, believing that the said supervisors, being held and kept in continued and unusually perplexing arrest by the sheriff', were greatly outraged, this court, 392 HISTORY OF LOnAN OOUNTr. as well as their constituents insulted — particularly so when they were never examined as witnesses, although present in the court- room when said cases were under consideration; and, whereas, we, in common with the community at large, believe that the object of such arrests was to prevent their attendance upon the Super- visors' Court aforesaid, for some sinister motive connected with the issue of certain bonds of Logan County to the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Eailroad Company; therefore, be it ^'■Resolved, Tiiat a committee of three, consisting of Thomas "Wendell, Richard Ayers and A. E.. Crihtield, be and are hereby ap- pointed to investigate the facts connected with the subpoenaed and arrest of said supervisors, and to report the names of any and all persons whom they may ascertain to have been directly or indi- rectly connected therewith, or in any way aidinsc or abetting in the same, and, also, what legal measures are available or advisable to bring said persons to justice, and to vindicate the rights and im- munities of the Board of Supervisors of this county; and that said committee report at the next session of this board, and that the sum of $100 is hereby appropriated to defray the expenses of said committee, which may arise by reason of their duties as such com- mittee, and that the clerk is hereby autliorized to draw an order upon the treasurer for said amount when called upon by said com- mittee." The committee made a trip to Pekin and investigated the case sufficiently to confirm the suspicion that the supervisors had been subpoenaed in the interest of the railroad company, but the respon- sibility was not centered upon any one party, and no further steps were taken. The issue between the county, as represented by the Board of Supervisors, and the railroad company was made upun the regu- larity of the election at which the $300,000 was voted, and the legality of the votes cast thereat. The board found evidence of fraudulent votes for the bonds, and the company took some testi- mony showing illegal votes against the bonds. The board then offered the company to compromise by paying $150,000 in bonds at 10 per cent., each side to pay its own expenses to date. This proposition was not accepted, but in March, 1873, a compromise was effected on the basis of the county paying $160,000 and costs. The costs amounted to about $20,000. Thejdebt incurred by the county at this time has been steadily reduced since, and will soon be entirely extinguished. "Iti ■^V. RAILROADS. 393 As soon as completed, the line was leased to the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad Company, which operated it for some live years. August 1, 1876, the road was taken oiit of the hands of the Toledo, Wabash & Westera Eailway Company on account of de- fault in payment of interest, and the corporation name changed to Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Railway Company. The road from Pekin to Decatur is 67.9 miles in length, but it was now practically lengthened 9.2 miles by a traffic arrangement with the receiver of the Peoria & Springfield Railroad for hauling trains between Peoria and Pekin. March 1, 1878, the company leased the Peoria & Springfield Railroad and equipment. This lease was terminated September 1, 1879, and arrangements were made to run into Peoria over the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville track. November 17,1879, the company was consolidated with the De- catur, Mattoon & Southern Railroad Company, owning a line from Decatur to Mattoon, 43.7 miles. This made a line 119.8 miles in length. February 15, 1880, they leased the Grayville & Mattoon Railroad; and July 2, 1880, they purchased the same, and assumed their present name of Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railway Company. The line now extends from Peoria to Evansville, Indiana. The general offices are at Pekin. The road crosses Logan County northwest and southeast, passing through Prairie Creek, Orvil, West Lincoln, East Lincoln, Chester, Mt. Pulaski and Laenna townships. The stations in this count}' are Emden, Hartsburg, Lincoln, Mt. Pulaski and Latham. CHAMPAIGN & HAVANA LINE. As early as 1869 a railroad was projected to begin at Havana and pass eastward through Mason City and Lincoln to Champaign. The following year a company was organized by the name of the Havana, Lincoln & Eastern, to build this line. Logan County was not asked to subscribe to its stock, but the townships of Lincoln and East Lincoln, which it was proposed to cross, did vote in the aggregate $110,000, and other townships contributed proportion- ally. When it came to the point of laying out the route, trouble was experienced in satisfying the people of Lincoln and the inter- ests of the projectors at the same time. The Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Road had just been located northeast of the city, and it was feared that if a third road was run north of the city the in- evitable result would be a tendency to build up a new business center, to the detriment of the old one, and this virtual removal of J ^ -4^ 394 HISTOEY OF LOGAN OOUNTV. the city, while benefiting Colonel Latham and others owning prop- erty to the north, would entail a needless expense upon the city and many individuais. The current of public opinion became so strong on this topic that a largely attended mass-meeting was held at the court-house June 26, 1871. The sentiment of the meeting was almost unanimous for the location of the proposed railroad and depot on the south side of the city, and resolutions were adopted expressing this sentiment most earnestly. Colonel Ed. Lynch was chosen as Chairman, and E. D. Blinn, Secretary. James L. Hob- lit, J. A. Niles and James Congdon were appointed to draw up resolutions, which they did as follows : '■'■Resolved, by the citizens of the city of Lincoln in mass meet- ing assembled, " 1st, That it is the desire by an overwhelming majority of the citizens of the city of Lincoln to have the Havana, Mason City, Lincoln & Eastern Railroad located and built near the half section line running through the southern portion of the city. " 2d, That the two members of the Supervisors' Court of Logan County from the city be requested to use all honorable means to prevent the issuing of any bonds of Logan County to the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Railroad Company until such time as the presi- dent thereof shall furnish irreversible guarantees that he, the said president, will, to the extent of his infinence and power, procure, and cause to be procured, the permanent location of the said Ha- vana, Mason City, Lincoln & Eastern Railroad on the side of our city. " 3d, That if the officers of the said Havana, Mason City, Lincoln & Eastern Railroad Company shall locate the said road on the north side of the city against the will and wishes of the citizens thereof, that we will use all means in our power to prevent the issu- ing or payment of any bonds to said railroad company. "4th, That, believing as we do that railroads ought to be in part at least built for the benefit and accommodation of the people, and that when our citizens of East and "West Lincoln propose to contribute $110,000 toward building the said railroad, then in our judgment the interests of the business men and tax-payers of this city should be consulted in locating said road, and that any scheme for locating said road to subserve private interests in dero- gation of the public good meets with our unqualified condemna- tion." All these were adopted unanimously except the second, and that il< EAILKOADS. 395 by a vote of seventy-two to seventy-one. Frank Froer, James L. Hoblit and James Congdon were appointed as a committee to exe- cute the will of the meeting. In this they were successful. The road was built south of the city, being completed in 1872. It was at once leased to tlie Indiana, Bloomington & "Western Railroad Company. When the bonds were demanded, some objected to payment, claiming irregularity in the elections. This could not be proven, however, and the bonds of the townships of East and West Lincoln were delivered in exchange for the stock. West Lincoln at once sold its stock to the county at 30 cents on the dollar. On its $50,000 of stock it then lost $30,000, or gave that amount outright for the railroad. The Indiana, Bloomington & Western Railroad Company oper- ated this line until 1879, when, being financially involved, in the hands of a receiver, and in litigation for over four years, it was forced to sell its interest in the road under a decree of the court. The line was then operated for the purchasers until September 1, 1879, when it was conveyed to the Champaign, Havana & Western Railway Company. They operated it until July 31, 1880, when it was consolidated with the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific system. This wonderful cobweb burst in 1884^'5, under the management of Jay Gould, and a number of its leased lines were detached and al- lowed to shift for themselves. Among these was the road forming the subject of this article, which in 1885 became known as the Champaign & Havana line. It passes through Logan County nearly east and west, crossing Sheridan, West Lincoln, East Lincoln and Oran townships. The stations in the county are New Holland, Burton View, Lincoln, Skelton and Season. Sheridan Township never issued any bonds, although $20,000 was voted. Oran issued $25,000; East Lincoln, $60,000, and West Lincoln, $50,000, as already stated. No payments were made on these bonds, not even for interest, as the collection of taxes for that purpose in the three townships was enjoined in 1870. Then for eleven years there was almost constant litigation and negotiation between the bondholders and the townships. The cases were fi- nally compromised by an election held in the three townships, October 25, 1881. On the East Lincoln bonds there was at that time due $124,512; by the compromise there was saved $33,392 and $620 annually thereafter. On West Lincoln bonds there was 25 396 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. due $106,663.50; amount saved, $28,267.10 and $350 annually. On Oran bonds there was due $53,932; amount saved, $13,898.40 and $90 annually. ILLINOIS MIDLAND. This line belongs to a company formed by the consolidation of the Paris & Decatur Eailroad Company, incorporated by charter approved February 18, 1861; the Paris & Terre Haute Railroad Company incorporated under provision of law of March 1, 1872, and the Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur Railroad Company, incorpo- rated by charter approved March 1, 1869. The road built by the last named is the one crossing a portion of this county, and heuce entitled to mention in this chapter. The Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur line was surveyed in 1869, and found to be 60.8 miles, by a not remarkably direct route. At that time any community was willing to tax itself indefinitely to obtain a new railroad, and when Eminence and Atlanta townships were asked to subscribe to the capital stock, they complied readily. The election to decide whether or not Atlanta Township should sub- scribe $50,000 to the capital stock of the road was held June 16, 1869, when 265 votes were cast for the subscription, and 29 against it. Messrs. Dills & Dunham were made directors of the road. Work began in 1870, at which time John A. Hoblit was supervisor of the township. The bonds were to be issued as the work in the township progressed, but Mr. Hoblit and the officers of the road dif- fered as to the value of the work actually done, and there were seri- ous disagreements about issuing the bonds. Mr. Hoblit issued at one time $5,000; at another, $8,000; and at another, $7,000. In 1871 James Tuttle was elected supervisor, and delivered to the company $15,000 at one time, and $2,000 at another, making $37,000. Tn the winter of 1873-'4 the collection of taxes levied in Atlanta to pay interest on these bonds was enjoined; but the courts decided in favor of the railroad company. The line was pushed to completion in the spring and summer of 1874. September 19, 1874, the company purchased the Paris & Decatur and the Paris & Terre Haute railroads, and November 4, 1874, changed its name to the Illinois Midland Railway Company. The Paris & Decatur line, 73.1 miles, was opened in December, 1872; the Paris & Terre Haute line, 13.9 miles, in May, 1874; and the Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur line, 60.8 miles, in November, 1874. The company leases from the Terre Haute & Indianapolis road 7.8 ;C RAILROADS. 39^ miles from Terre Haute, Ind., to Farrington, 111.; from the Illi- nois Central 15.25 miles, from a point 1.5 miles south of Decatur to Maroa; from the Toledo, Peoria & "Warsaw 5.1 miles, from Farmdale to Peoria. The Illinois Midland has not been a finan- cially prosperous organization, and has been in the courts a great deal for ten years past. It passes through but the two townships of Eminence and At- lanta in this county, and has but one station, Atlanta. ILLINOIS CENTRAL. This company purchased in 1876 the road from Oilman to Springfield, 111.47 miles, which had been built in 1871 as the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Eailroad. Before it became a part of the Central system it was not in good financial condition, and was involved in much litigation. It does better /now, but still it passes through some new country, which is yet to be developed into a profitable district before the expectations of the builders are realized. It crosses the southeastern part of Logan County, passing through JStna, Laenna, Mt. Pulaski and Elkhart town- ships. The stations in this county are Chestnut, Mt. Pulaski and Cornland. afV CHAPTER XIV. DARK DEEDS. Murder at Middletown. — Suioide and Attempted Wife-Muedee. — Mysterious Murder in 1870. — A Farmer Clubbed to Death. — Murder near Cornland. — Suicide in a Park. — Killing of Harry Talbott. — Suicide at Lincoln. — Attempted Murder and Successful Suicide. — The Clare-Connors Muedee. — A Fatal Blast. — Suicide of Ben Frank. — Shot Himself. — A Med- ical Student's End. — Triple Murder. — A Prominent Farmer Suicides. — The Carpenter Case. Logan Coanty has had more than its share of tragedy, and per- haps of other crime. From first to last there have been in the county not less than thirty murders, and more than that num- ber of suicides. Three or four of .these have been of more than local importance, and gave the county for the time an unenviable notoriety. The reason for the numerous crimes that have occurred here can not be found in the character of the people, who are as law-abiding, sensible citizens as the average in Illinois. Certain it is, the citizens and authorities have shown greater diligence and been to greater expense for the suppression and punishment of crime than many localities can claim. Perhaps it is only for this reason that Logan County is as prominent as it is in the history of crime. We do not propose to oifer anything like a complete catalogue, but .on the following pages outline a few of the best remembered cases of violence. MURDER AT MIDDLETOWN. A man who worked in Lincoln at the shoemaker's trade in the autumn of 1859, and who was known as John Renner, shot and in- stantly killed James Rockforu, an Irishman, in a grocery at Middle- town, a little before sundown on Monday, February 13, 1860. The murderer took to the timber immediiitely, acknowledging the homi- cide, but claiming that it was done in self defense. Pursuit was (398) -liL DAEK DEEDS. 399 instituted, but ia vain. The cause of the affair was liquor, under the influence of which Rockford was always verj quarrelsome. SDIOIDE AND ATTEMPTED WIFE MURDER. In February, 1870, the orderly people of Logan County were startled with the news that on Friday, the 18th, John L. Phipps, a well-known farmer residing on what was known as the Geer farm, some six miles west of Lincoln, had attempted to mur- der his wife and then committed suicide. In October pre- vious, Mr. Phipps married Miss Kate Buckles, daughter of John Buckles, of Lake Fork. During their brief married life their matrimonial relations were not of the most pleasant character. His conduct toward her had always been characterized by bru- tality, and it was proven before the coroner's jury that he had treated her more like a servant than as the wife of his bosom. A temporary parting had taken place between the parties, and only on Tuesday before the tragedy he had gone to the house of her father, sought her to return with him and gave his word and honor to her father that he would tr^at her in a manner befitting a hus- band. With these promises she returned with him to his home, accompanied by her mother, there in a short time to almost meet a terrible death. In the evening on which the tragedy occurred, he had broken his promise of good behavior and had offered her gross insults. Unable to bear it longer, she had reluctantly consented to separate from him again, and only waited for morning, when he promised to return her to her father. Mrs. Buckles, the mother of the un- fortunate woman, was the principal witness before the coroner's jury, and although prostrated as she was from sickness and fright, yet she testified intelligently in regard to the horrible affair. She stated that before the crime was committed, a conversation took place between the suicide and his intended victim. He asked her to accompany him to an adjoining sleeping-room, where he wanted to talk to her. The mother, fearing his intentions, asked him to remain in the room and they would review the whole case. He objected to this, however, and insisted on having his wife accom- pany him to the fatal room. No sooner had the door closed on her retreating form than she heard the report of a pistol, followed immediately by a second shot. Mrs. Buckles ran out of the house, gave the alarm to an employe on the farm, and he went to the neighbors for assistance. At first there was some hesitancy on h^ 400 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the part of the neighbors about entering the house, fearing lest the would-be murderer was there, prepared to sell his life dearly. Under the lead of Samuel Seeley they entered the house and found the body of Mrs. Phipps lying on the floor in the kitchen, to which place she had crawled after receiving the terrible wound. Proceeding to the room where the shooting was done, they found the body of Mr. Phipps lying in a pool of his own blood, and nearly, if not quite, dead. The ball had penetrated his head near the temple and had passed entirely through the brain. A smothered groan from Mrs. Phipps attracted their attention, and on examination it was found that she was still breathing. She was tenderly cared for, and was gradually brought back to health and strength. The body of the suicide was brought to Lincoln and the funeral held on the Sunday following. Mr. Phipps was a man of morbid temperament, excessively mercenary, and entertained a fixed idea that there existed no such thing as female virtue. After settling down to the business of life, instead of honoring her who had left her home and parents to share with him his sorrows and joys, he let the " green-eyed monster " of jealousy take undisputed control of his reason, and construed every act of hers into some horrid shape, until at last it impelled him to set a watch over his own household. That he had intended to murder her was clearly proven from the fact that several weeks before the end he had pointed a shotgun at her, and only failed of carrying his purpose into execution by a quick movement on her part in escaping from its range. Then he told her he was only jesting. Wednesday before the tragedy he was in Lincoln, and purchased the revolver with which he perpe- trated the awful crime. Murder was then in his heart, and he was every whit as guilty as though he had succeeded. MYSTERIOUS MUEDKE. On Sunday, November 13, 1870, the body of a woman was found under a log in Salt Creek, a short distance above the Chi- cago &. Alton bridge. The inquest showed that she had been murdered and afterward put in the creek for concealment. The remains were kept at the office of Undertaker Evans for several days, and great efforts were made to learn who the woman was, but without avail. She was roughly dressed, and it was thought she was one of a party of tramps who had been in the vicinity a few days before. As no person could recognize the remains, and DAEK DEEDS. 401 no one was missing from the county, it was clear that the woman was a stranger. The county offered a reward of $800 for the arrest and conviction of the murderer, but there was no clue to work upon and no discoveries were made. AFAEMEE CLUBBED TO DEATH. On the evening of Sunday, August 15, 1875, Timothy Murphy, an Irishman renting a farm a mile and a half east of Oornland, in this county, while driving some cattle out of his field, was beaten with a club so terribly that his skull was fractured, and he died an hour or so afterward. Murphy's own statement and the circum- stantial evidence elicited at the inquest indicated that while driving the cattle out he met his neighbor, Martin L. Turley, between whom and himself an old grudge existed, and that a quarrel fol- lowed, in the course of which Turley knocked liim off his horse with a club, and subsequently struck him over the head with the same weapon, inflicting a fatal wound. Both men had borne a good character, and the murder created intense excitement in that portion ot the county. There had been a feud between the parties. Turley was tried in January following and acquitted. MUEDEE NEAR COENLAND. A cold-blooded and atrocious murder occurred on Sunday even- ing, November 14, 1875, near Doyle's Mill, a locality in Mt. Pulaski Township, about three miles northeast of Cornland. John Daily and Frank Fletcher were farm laborers and single men. Both were formerly from Kentucky, both were drinking men and neither bore a good character. It was rumored that there was a woman in the case, and that the difficulty arose from jealousy, but whether this was true or not, the two men met in the road on Sat- urday, the 13th, and had a fierce quarrel. Fletcher the same day threatened to kill Daily, and the next day repeated his threats, aud, seeing his enemy pass down the road, borrowed a gun and awaited his return. As Daily rode by, Fletcher stepped from be- hind a tree and shot him at such short range as to set his clothing on fire. Daily survived until midnight, and before his death stated that Fletcher had shot him. Fletcher, on returning from his murderous errand, openly boasted of what he had done. No immediate attempt was made to arrest him, and he fled the country the same evening. Neither of the men had any property, nor, it is believed, any relatives in this county. The coroner's jury de- I A 403 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cided that the shot was premeditated by Fletcher, and a pursuit was then instituted, but in vain. He was finally discovered in Kentucky, by means of a letter written to an acquaintance here; was brought back, tried in Sangamon County by change of venue, and acquitted, the I'ury deciding that the shooting was in self-de- fense. SUICIDE IN A PAKE. Tuesday night, April 2, 1878, between the hours of nine and ten, some of the boarders at the house of Mrs. Thompson, near the south park, in Lincoln, heard the report of a pistol, but the shot attracted little attention. Early the next morning the body of Frederick Neuman was discovered by early passers-by in the south park, near the northwest corner. The dead man was seated in an easy position, at the foot of a small elm, and at a little distance a care- less observer would have thought him asleep. His head drooped a little to the left, one foot was thrown across the other negligently, . and his right arm rested easily across his lap. Still grasped in his right hand was a small silver-plated pistol, while on the right side of his head, above the ear, was an ominous hole from which a little stream of blood had marked its way down his neck. Death must have been instantaneous, for the slight droop of his head was evi- dently the only change of position that had followed the fatal shot. Neuman was a German, a bachelor, thirty-eight years of age. He was a native of Bavaria, whence he emigrated to the United States when about twelve years of age. He had lived in Lincoln about eleven years, was a cigar-maker and had worked several years for Messrs. Scheid & E.ethaber. For some years he had been in the habit of indulging in strong drink, and he would occasionally go on a spree of several days' duration. When sober, he was a very good man and he could have had work all the time at good wages if he would but have remained so; but being untrustworthy on ac- count of his bad propensities, he had been discharged a number of months before by Scheid & Rethaber, and afterward found it difficult to obtain work. Sometime in February he received $109 from Germany, but the money was soon spe'nt for liquor. He was usually very despondent after indulging in a spree, and had often threatened to kill himself, but no one thought he would carry out his threat. Some letters written from a neighboring village showed that a woman was mixed up in the affair. Among other things, she told him repeatedly in these letters that he must quit drinking Is I'' ^^^hS<'-^-''S DARK DKEDS. 403 or she would have nothing more to do with him. These may have done their part in producing the melancholy state of mind which always followed his harder drinking bouts. A memorandum on the back of an envelope found in his pocket began thus: "If I can- not live like a man, I can at least die like one." KILLING OF HAERT TALBOTT. Shepard S. Bell shot J. Harry Talbott a little before noon, Jan. 1, 1&79. The latter had rented the farm of the former, near Burton View, in 1878, and owing to sume misunderstanding the parties became involved in a lawsuit. This engendered bad feeling, and in attempting to make a settlement in the office of Boyd, Paisley & Co.'s shoe store on the day of the shooting, it seems that a quar- rel arose. No one was in that part of the store at the commence- ment of the trouble, save the shoemaker and the two men them- selves; but Mr. Paisley, on stepping in, observed Mr. Talbott standing by the stove and saw that Mr. Bell, still inside the office railing, had a revolver in his hand. Mr. Paisley asked what he was doing with the pistol, and was informed that he (Bell) intended to defend himself. Mr. Paisley and Mr. Boyd, who soon came in, endeavored to prevail upon him to put away the weapon, promis- ing that he should not be harmed, and Mr. Talbott also siid that he would not trouble him. Bell at last came out from behind the railing, but still refused to put away the revolver. Finally Talbott said, "If yon don't put away your pistol, I will take it from you." Bell dared him to do it, when Talbott sprang forward and caught him around the body. Bell then fired a shot which took effect in the right shoulder, ranging downward, and before Mr. Paisley could prevent him, he fired two more, the last one missing the intended victim and striking the floor, but the other ball entered Talbott's body just under the ribs on the left side, about four inches from the median line of the stomach. Messrs. Boyd and Paisley took tlie pistol from him. Bell then walked out on the street, where he was arrested by Constable Hukill. Drs. Sargent and Little were called in and probed Talbott's wounds for the balls, but without finding them. He was then re- moved to the Lincoln House. The ball in his shoulder was subse- quently extracted, but the other could not be found, and he soon began vomiting blood. He died the following morning, after mak- ing a will and a sworn statement of the circumstances of the shoot- ing. ■ V ^^ 404 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Bell had purchased the pistol but a half an hour before the shoot- ing, and just after having some warm words with Talbott on the street. It is evident that murder was in his heart, and that he was guilty of a heinous crime. He set up the plea of self-defense, how- ever. At the May term of court, the case was continued to Sep- tember. Then a change of von ne was taken to McLean County, where he had a long and expensive trial in March, 1880. He was defended by able legal talent from Lincoln, and also Chicago. When the jury went out, they deliberated three days, and then re- turned a formal disagreement into court. A part of the jury were in favor of a long term of imprisonment, and a part, influenced by the evidence adduced on the plea of self-defense, voted for one year's imprisonment. Bell's final trial was in Sangamon County, where he was acquitted. He was last heard of in Dakota. While in Lincoln he studied law for about a year with Harts & James. He had taught school for some time in the county. He bore a good general reputation, but was extremely passionate and vindictive. He was about thirty-five years of age. Talbott was well and fa- vorably known, and was highly connected with respectable families in this county. SUICIDE AT LINCOLN. A German named Joseph Koomer, residing in the southern part of Lincoln, shot himself with a shot gun on the night succeeding Thursday, March 6, 1879. He was a bachelor, about forty years of age, and lived alone. He cultivated a vineyard, being a vine- dresser by occupation. Although he was in debt for his property to the amount of about $400, bis services were in good demand, and he always received good wages, so that his indebtedness need not have troubled him had it not been for his drinking constantly and sometimes deeply. His friends said there was no doubt that strong drink had unsettled his mind and that it was the direct cause of his self annihilation. ATTEMPTED MUEDEK AND SUCCESSFUL SUICIDE. Charles Herbeck, a German in the employ of H. L. Pierce for two years or more at a farm near Rocky Ford, southwest of Lin- coln, shot his wife on Tuesday, March 11, 1879, and shortly after- ward killed himself. They had not been living amicably together for some time and Herbeck had threatened before to kill his wife. About two weeks before the end, he left her and came to Lincoln, where he remained until the day mentioned. He then hired a team 7|a f f DAEK DEEDS. 405 and driver at Klatt's stable, and went out to his home. Here he had the driver, Henry Kirby, put up his team, saying that he would return to Lincoln pretty soon, and meantime they would have dinner. As Kirbj was on his way to the house, after putting up his team, he heard a shot fired, and directly afterward. Mrs. Herbeckran out at the door, saying she was shot. A man employed on the farm helped her to the house of a neighbor, Peter Critz. A few moments after she left, Kirby saw Herbeck come to the door, look around as if in search of his wife, and then go back. He came out again, and in reply to a question by Kirby, said he did not want to go back to town. Kirby took his horses from the stable and went for some of the neighbors. Others, including H. L. Pierce, had been aroused by some boys who had heard of the shoot- ing, and were soon looking for Herbeck. They found him in the stable with the door fastened on the inside. While Mr. Pierce was trying the door, a shot was heard inside, and when an entrance was gained Herbeck was found dead in the hay-loft with a pistol ball in his head ; he had shot himself in the left eye. Herbeck was from St. Louis, where he belonged to a German lodge of Odd Fellows. He was strongly under the influence of liquor when he did the shooting. The cause of the tragedy was said to be jealousy. The woman was ironing at a table when shot, and was stooping over her work when her husband fired the pistol The ball struck her in the back about three inches below the shoul- der-blade and about an inch and a half to the left of the spine, and passed entirely through her body, coming out at the point of the breast-bone ; it was thought to have passed under and within an inch of the heart. She was for a time not expected to live, but did recover, to the surprise of all. THE OLAEE-CONNOe's MUEDEE.' Lincoln was the scene of an unprovoked murder on Friday, No vember 19, 1880. John Clare, a coal miner, well along in years, the father of a family of grown children, and Daniel Connors, a young man, also a coal miner, and an old friend of Clare, entered the house of John Daly, on German street, in the Third Ward, apparently on the best of terms; and after sitting and conversing together for a short time, Clare drew a revolver and shot Connor. 'No one was in the room up to almost the instant of shooting, and the particulars or causes leading to the crime were never learned. The matter remains one of the unsolved mysteries. Clare's trial J TO A 406 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. was postponed from time to time, and did not take place until Sep- tember, 1881. He was then found guilty and sentenced to fifteen j'ears in the penitentiary. His defense was that of insanity. A FATAL BLAST. A number of casualties have occurred in the Lincoln coal mines, but one of the saddest occurred December 4, 1880 ; Marcus Lind- sey went down into the mine at half-past four on that morning, and put in a blast which was tired at twenty minutes past six, and which caused his death. In mining coal, rooms are opened at right angles to the entries, or should be, but Lindsey had not noticed, it seems, what direction he was taking and had turned his room until it was running nearly parallel with the entry. When he went down into the mine on Saturday morning, he drilled a hole and put in a charge of powder, stopping only eighteen inches from the face of the entry. Then when he lighted the fuse he went out into the entry to wait for the explosion and sat down but seven feet from the deadly charge toward which the fire in the slow match was rapidly creeping. A miner in a neighboring room, George S. Howser, came out to get his clothes to go home at the time that Lindsey came from his room, having fired the fuse. "When the explosion took place, instead of breaking out in the room as intended, it burst through the face of the entry and threw out coal enough to have killed twenty men, had they been in the entry. The concussion put their lights out and Howser called to Lindsey, but receiving no answer lighted his lamp and went to him, finding him mangled and lifeless. The body was fearfully blackened and bruised, and both arms were broken above the elbow, while a piece of coal had 'passed entirely through the head from left to right, tearing away the back part of the head al- most to the ears. Death had been '' swift and pangless." Lind- sey was a married man, of good character, and a painter by trade, working in the mine during the winter season. SUICIDE OF BEN FEANK. On the afternoon of Thursday, December 2, 1880, Ben Frank left his house north of the Boulevard at Lincoln, telling his wife that he was going to town after some stove-pipe, and would soon be back. He did not return, and at 9 o'clock Mrs. Frank being alarmed at his continued absence, had a search instituted. This was continued, without result, through Friday and Saturday and 1^ DARK DEEDS. 407 up to Sunday morning, when the body of the unfortunate man was found suspended from a rafter in the barn. It was not found sooner because in a dark corner where it had escaped the first and more casual observation. Mr. Frank was an old and well-known citizen, having been in business in various capacities for many years. He was in good circumstances financially, leaving quite an estate, and temporary insanity was the undoubted cause. He had suffered a sunstroke the previous summer from which he had never fully recovered, and it was said that he had several times threatened to take his own life. SHOT HIMSELF. John Blake shot himself on Monday, December 27, 1880, less than a month after the Frank suicide. He was at one time in fair circumstances, and one of the owners of the " Logan Mills," but drink had ruined him. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon, alone in the basement of the mill, he tired three shots into his left side aiming at the heart; but entering too low and too far to the left, and failing to accomplish his purpose, fired a fourth shot against the right side of his head; but this ball struck on the thick parie- tal bone, and, the revolver being only a 22-caliber, the bullet was flattened and turned aside, plowing a short distance under the scalp. Two or three of the employes were in the mill office above, but did not hear the shots. Mr. Elwood finally heard him call, went down and found him lying stiff and bleeding on the ground. He was carried up to the ofiice, where a hasty examination was made by Drs. Ross and Brown and he was then carried to his residence on Third street, where he expired the next morning. Being asked what caused him to take his own life, Mr. Blake replied that he " could not make his books balance." He was about $200 short in his accounts, and had been warned that he must keep sober and keep his business straight or he would be discharged. He was a member of two benevolent orders, and his family was thus provided for. He had signed the pledge the spring before and kept it for a time, but had remarked he must die of delirium tremens or kill himself, and he preferred the latter. A MEDICAL student's END. William J. Engle, a young man twenty-three years of age, had been studying medicine in Lincoln with Dr. W. W. Houser for about six months prior to September 1, 1881, at which time he left -sK 408 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN OOTTNTY. to attend medical lectures. While residing at Lincoln he made the acquaintance of Miss Jennie Lanterman, daughter of A. J. Lanterman. An engagement had followed, but this was broken oft on account of Engle's conduct and bad habits. He went to Colo- rado instead of Chicago to attend medical lectures, and after a couple of months returned to Lincoln. He hung around for some days, and then shot himself in front of Mr. Lanterman's house. He had made previous attempts on his life, and was certainly of diseased mind. TftlPLE MgEDER. A crime came to light on Sunday, August 20, 1882, that was characterized by the press and citizens as the most atrocious ever perpetrated in Logan County. The following account is condensed from that given by the Lincoln Herahl : The scene was a farm six miles east of Mt. Pulaski and two miles south of Chestnut. The victims were Charles H. McMahan, Robert Matheny and John Carlock, the last two being men in the employ of the first-named. The house in which McMahan lived stood alone in the fields, fully half a mile from any road, making it a fit scene for such a crime as the one we are narrating. There was no fence about it and no garden, the building standing in an untidy clump of weeds, with here and there a rusty piece of worn- out farm machinery, and, at a little distance, a cluster of stacks, a dilapidated shed stable and some uncovered corn-pens, where the crops of two or three seasons were slowly going to decay. The neighbors said McMahan was holding his corn for a better price. To the north was a small, badly kept old orchard. The house itself was a one-story building, 18 x 30 feet in dimensions. It was never painted, and was black with the storms of thirty winters. The in- terior of this gloomy place was equally forbidding. i The last time the three men were seen alive was on Friday evening, when the neighbors noticed them at work stacking oats near the stable. On Saturday one of the neighbors was annoyed by a stray horse belonging to McMahan, and on Sunday forenoon David Long went to ask him to take it away. Long found no one at the house, but noticed that quilts were hung at the windows, and that some things were out of place. Frank Lyon and Alfred Ayres afterward joined in the search, which lasted, perhaps, two hours, when, led by a sickening odor from a clump of tall weeds near some corn-pens, about 300 yards south of the house, one of Sr DAKK DEEDS. 409 them came npon the body of young Carlock. Without making a careful examination, tliey at once concluded that the body was that of Charles McMahan, and jumped to the conclusion that McMahan had been murdered by his two hired men. It was not till an hour later, when the body of Matlieny was found in the weeds within fifteen feet of that of Carlock, that the magnitude of the crime began to dawn upon the horrified spectators. Search was then made for the body of McMahan, and was continued for some time before it was found concealed in tall grass in a slough at a point 120 yards southwest of the other two. All three were found lying npon their backs, witli their throats cut from ear to ear, the gash in young Carlock's throat having almost severed his head from his body. All were blindfolded, gagged, their hands tied behind their backs and their feet hobbled so that they could only step about eight inches. Their hands had clutched the weeds beneath them so tightly, in their death agony, that the weeds had to be cut before they could be removed. Matheny and Carlock had each been struck a severe blow over the liead, probably with a billy or club — a blow which laid bare the skull. McMahan was a bachelor who lived alone, except that he usually had a hired man employed the year through. They did their own cooking, and lived in a rough, uncomfortable way. There was no evidence of a struggle in the house, and the three must have sur- rendered quietly to what seemed the inevitable. The accepted theory was that the thieves did not at first intend to murder their victims, but that, finding themselves recognized, tliey afterward decided to kill them, on the theory that "dead men tell no tales." There was nothing to show that the house was closely searched. After their money and McMahan's watch were secured, the three were marched in a hobbled condition south across a piece of plowed ground to the corn-pens above metitioned, where the two young men were butchered. McMahan was taken to the slough, about 120 yards southwest of the others, and his throat cut. This afiair, as may well be supposed, created the wildest excite- ment throughout the county, especially the southeastern portion. Governor Cullom offered $200 each for the arrest of the murder- ers. The Board of Supervisors offered $1,000 reward, and authorized the use of an equal amount for the employment of detectives in ferreting out the perpetrators. In addition to these rewards the relatives of McMahan offered $1,000; residents of Chestnut and vicinity, $500; residents of Beason and vicinity, $500; residents -X* 410 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of Latham and vicinity, $500, and residents of Mt. Palaski and vicinity, $500. Tiiis made a total of $6,600. These heavy rewards attracted a number of volunteer detectives, and many arrests were made during the succeeding few months. No evidence sufficient to convict any one, however, was found, and it began to look as if justice was to be cheated. Jan. 1, 1884, the matter was placed by the authorities directly into the hands of the Pinkerton agency, and the arrest of J. H. Hall and David Long was accomplished on Saturday, Feb. 16, 1884, at East SL Louis, whither they had been decoyed from St. Louis to avoid the delay of a requisition from the Governor. They were in prison in St. Louis four courts until Tuesday evening following, when they were brought to Lincoln. J. H. Hall was a brother of Noah P. Hall, and the latter a brother-in-law of McMahan. Long was never suspected of complicity in the affair, but was employed by the detectives to associate with Hall and gain his confidence. Long did learn Hall's guilty secret, and his testimony was very useful on the trial. At the May term of court, 1884, the grand jury indicted J. Hol- land Hall, Mrs. Bell Hall, his wife, and William Ferris, Mrs. Hall's brother. The trial commenced June 10, and was concluded on the 25th, the jury finding Hall guilty and sending him to the peniten- tiary for life. Ferris was acquitted on the charge of murdering McMahan, but immediately rearrested upon the charge of killing Carlock and Matheny. It was hoped that additional evidence could be secured against him by the next term of court. Mrs. Hall was not seriously suspected of guilt. At the September term the case against Ferris was dismissed, with leave to reinstate. This ended the matter in the courts. Hall is now serving his life sentence, and the murder is rapidly being forgotten. It was the general desire of the people to see Hall hanged, for if ever murder warrants capital punishment surely this triple crime should result in an execution of the guilty man. It was also generally felt that Ferris should have a life sentence, or at least fourteen years im- prisonment. This case, lasting twenty-two months, cost Logan County $6,000. A PROMINENT FARMER SUICIDES. John Thomas, a well-to-do farmer living near the corporation line of Lincoln, commited suicide on January 19, 1883. He had been in bad health for several years and suffered at times intensely. His disease was catarrh of the head, in a very severe and probably incurable form. Under the influence of his disease, he was gloomy »F DARK DEEDS. 411 and despondent, and at times he would avoid his friends as though conversation was a burden. He sometimes said he would rather die than suffer as he did. On January 9 he started for Southwest Missouri, in company' with A. B. Nicholson and Joseph Keam. He hoped thus to improve his health, but, finding no re- lief, he returned on Wednesday, the 17th. He went out home the next day, and remained in bed most of the time, requesting to be left alone. At about 7:30 the next morning, while the family were at breakfast, he went to a closet and took out a breach-loading rifle, loaded it with a cartridge and then went into his daughter's room, where his younger daughter, Emma, was asleep. Sitting upon the side of the bed he placed the muzzle of the rifle to his forehead and touched the trigger. The report was so smothered that those in the dining-room did not notice it, but Emma awoke and ran to them, saying, "Something is the matter with pa." Mrs. Thomas ran in and raised him up. Seeing the blood, but not noticing the gun, she thought he had burst a blood vessel, but in a few moments the dreadful truth became apparent. A physician was sent for, but the shot proved fatal within fifteen or twenty minutes. The coroner's jury returned the only verdict possible under the circum- stances. Mr. Thomas was sixty years old, and a native of this State. He came to this county in 1853, and settled at first on Sugar Cieek. He made many friends, and became one of the county's most prominent and highly esteemed citizens. He was one of the leading men in the county agricultural society, and was one of the most active workers in the building of Zion Church, north of Lincoln. He was materially prosperous, being the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres, adjoining the city limits, and having personal property of considerable value besides. His suicide was undoubtedly due to the cause universally assigned for it— continued ill-health, which had, to some extent, affected his mind. THE OAEPENTER CASE. The mysterious murder of Zura Burns, on the night succeeding Sunday, October li, 1883, made Lincoln a center of sensation for several months, and gave it a national notoriety. It ruined the reputation of a prominent business man, ate up his property, en- tailed vast expense upon Logan County, gave employment to an army of lawyers, detectives and reporters, and gave the readers of the newspapers a surfeit of unwholesome literature. The affair is yet so fresh in the memory of the citizens of the county, and peo- 26 r 412 HISTORY OF LOGAN CODNTT. pie formed so many partisan opinions concerning it that it is im- possible to write as complete and impartial a history of the case as it deserves. Mrs. Patrick Jewett made the discovery that a murder had been committed, finding the body of Zura Burns at 7:30 Monday morn- ing, October 15, 1883. She quickly spread the news. Coroner Boy den and Dr. Leeds at once went to the scene of the tragedy, at the far end of the short lane lying between the ten acres owned by Chris. Lawrence and the ten acres owned by James S. Ran- dolph, in Sigg's addition, northwest of Lincoln. The body was lying in a furrow. There were no indications of a struggle, yet the ground was somewhat tramped. The tracks of a buggy led from the spot southward through the lane, where they were lost in the road. In turning her over a horrible spectacle met their gaze, as the riglit side of her forehead had been crushed in with some blunt instrument and her throat was cut from ear to ear; one eye was open and the other closed; her tongue protruded slightly be- tween a set of large teeth, while her face and hair were clotted with her blood, rendering it almost impossible to distinguish the features. The earth beneath the wound was saturated with blood to the depth of several inches. The remains were brought to town, and later in the day were identified by the Lincoln House clerk and a 'bus driver, the latter claiming he brought her from the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville depot the Saturday morning previous. An examination of the Lincoln House register showed that on the morning mentioned she subscribed her name as Zura Burns, of Yandalia, 111. It was fur- ther found that she had left the Lincoln House a little after 8 o'clock Saturday night, with a small hand satchel and a gossamer. Her father, William H. H. Burns, was telegraphed for and ar- rived "Wednesday morning. " Zura " was a nickname, tjhe proper form being "Missouri." The coroner's jury met on Wednesday, and was composed of Will- iam M. Dustin, A. B. Nicholson, Henry Ahrens, David Gillespie, George I. Harry and Simon Rock — six highly respectable citizens. Thomas W. Kenyon and Samuel Stern were afterward substituted for Messrs. Dnstin and Nicholson. This jury remained in session from October 17 to November 1, on the latter date rendering the following verdict: " In the matter of the inquisition on the body of Missouri Burns, deceased, held at Lincoln, Illinois, from October 17 to November ;v" i^^ DAEK DEEDS. 413 1, we, the undersigned jurors, sworn to inquire of the death of Missouri Burns, on oath do find that she came to her death by the means of a wound in the throat, produced by some sharp instru- ment, in the hands of some person, or persons, to the jury unknown." Much of the testimony before the jury tended to show that the guilty party was Orrin A. Carpenter, but still they did not see fit to charge the crime upon him in their verdict. The authorities ar- rested him, however, and held him to await a hearing before a magistrate. He was at this time abont forly-six years old, and stood exceptionally well in tbe social and business circles of Lin- coln. He came to this county with his parents from Fawtucket, Ehode Island, in 1854, and lived first at Lawndale. A year later the family removed to a farm four or five miles northwest of Lin- coln. About 1878 Mr. Carpenter, in company with Aurelian Esten, of Lawndale, purchased an elevator in Lincoln of W. W. Barrett. He was therefore considered well-to-do, and was thor- oughly well known. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and, altogether, seemed one of the very last men who could be thought capable of murder. Many circumstances, however, pointed to him as the murderer, and at the very beginning of the investigation he employed counsel and refused to testify. His preliminary hearing before Judge Lacey occupied some five days, and another day was devoted to lawyers' arguments. At the conclusion, Carpenter was admitted to bail on a bond for $10,000, for his appearance at the January term of the Circuit Court. The bond was signed by himself and A. Esten, G. "W. Edgar, F. C. W. Koehnle, B. F. McCord, S. A. Foley, J. A. Hudson, Paul Smith, Thomas "W". Kenyon and T. T. Beach. At tbe January term of court, before Judge Herdman, Carpenter was indicted on five counts. When arraigned for trial, February 5, he obtained a change of venue to Menard County, and his trial was set for March 3. The trial came off at the appointed time at Petersburg, and lasted about three weeks. The result was his acquittal, the jury agreeing that there was not sufficient evi- dence to convict. Still public feeling was largely against him. A meeting of the citizens of Lincoln was held, and Carpenter was re- quested to leave the county for good. He remained but a few months at Lincoln, disposing of what property he had left after paying his heavy bills, and then left Lincoln for the West. He is now at Sioux Falls, Dakota. ^ CHAPTER XV. STATISTICAL. Valuation and Taxation of Property m 1865, 1875 and 1885.— Population of the County by the Different Federal Cen- suses. For purposes of comparison we here give the valuation and tax- ation of Logan County at three dates ten years apart, and after- ward give the population of the county by each federal census, be- ginning with 1860. valuation and taxation, 1865. In 1865 the following was the assessed valuation and the taxation of this county: Xumberof horses, 9,817; valuation, $407,198; num- ber of cattle, 20,275; valuation, $258,608; number of mules and asses, 923; valuation, $41,265; number of sheep, 55,408; valuation, $137,926; number of hogs, 25,896; valuation, $81,303; number of carriages and wagons, 2,592; valuation, $77,554; number of clocks and watches, 2,023; valuation, $9,973; number of pianos, 43; valu- ation, $4,925; goods and merchandise, $234,500; bankers', brokers' and stock jobbers' property, $5,000 ; manufactured articles, $21,965; moneys and credits, $449,456; unenumerated property, $228,855; • aggregate, $1,958,628; deductions, $89,421; total value personal property, $1,869,107; railroad property, $171,866; lands, $3,400,- 703; town lots, $526,719; total value of lands, railroad property and town lots, $4,099,288; total value of real and personal prop- erty, $5,968,395; State tax, at 52 cents on the $100, $31,035.65; State school tax at 20 cents on the $100, $11,936.79; State tax and interest remaining due for 1864, $90.71; total State tax, $43,063.16; county tax at 33 cents on the $100, $19,695.70; county tax and interest remaining due for 1864, $38.22; total county tax, $19,- 733.92; district school tax, $42,517.52; total tax, $105,324.59; acres of wheat in cultivation, 18,752; corn, 63,162; other field products, 10,109. (414) ■k -^^ STATISTICAL. 415 VALUATION AND TAXATION, 1875. •' Ten years later the assessed valuation had more than doubled, though in the same time the taxation had increased proportionally 30 per cent, faster. The valuation and taxation for 1875 are thus itemized: Equalized valuation, $12,528,245; State tax, $37,746.83; county tax, $25,164.57; town tax, $2,777.53; district school tax, $63,410.30; road tax, $5,410.06; road and bridge tax, $24,467.56; county bond sinking fund, $12,581.65; bond interest, $16,356.96; town bond|interest, $13,912.07; city and corporation, $37,290.07; back tax, $4,588.42; total tax, $243,714.02. The equalized valu- ations of the several townships for 1875 was as follows: Atlanta, $782,043; ^tna, $559,997; Broadwell, $626,706; Chester, $654,- 074; Corwin, $592,149; Elkhart, $936,805; East Lincoln, $1,440,- 743; Eminence, $633,401; Hurlbut, $455,228; Laenna, $690,646; Lake Fork, $313,352; Mt. Pulaski, $1,249,167; Orvil, $756,764; Oran, $631,881; Prairie Creek, $720,985; Sheridan, $612,592; "West Lincoln, $926,412. ASSESSED VALUATION IN 1885. Acres of improved land, 347,418; value of same, $5,359,057; average value, $15.43; acres of unimproved land, 41,531; value, $272,840; average value, $6.57; total lands, 388,949 acres, valued at $5,631,897, or $14.48 per acre; number of improved lots, 4,759; value, $703,155; avei-age value, $147.75; unimproved lots, 2,698; value, $51,288; average value, $19; total 'number of lots, 7,457, valued at $754,443, or $101.17 each; number of horses, 11,335; value, $277,969; average value, $24.52; neat cattle, 20,052; value, $236,969; average value, $11.82; mules and asses, 1,766; value, $46,015; average value, $26.06; sheep, 6,184; value, 9,448; av- erage value, $1.53; hogs, 42,825; value, $102,521; average value, $2.39; steam engines, 49; value, $7,885; average value, $160.91; fire and burglar-proof safes, 81; value, $2,579; average value, $31.84; billiard and other tables, 31; value, $735; average value, $23.71; carriages and wagons, 4,262; value, $52,114; average value, $12.23; watches and clocks, 3,308; value, $9,570; average value, $2.89; sewing and knitting machines, 2,219; value, $12,247; average value, $5.22; pianos, 246; value, $10,587; average value, $43.04; melodeons and organs, 465; value, $8,185; average value, $17.60; franchises, $105; annuities, $200; goods and merchandise, $123,981; materials and manufactured articles, $8,001; manufact- 416 HISTOEr OF LOGAN OOTTNTY. urers' tools and machinery, $5,116; agricultural tools and ma- chinery, $61,710; gold and silver plate and plated ware, $613; diamonds and jewelry, $165; moneys of bank, banker, or broker, $25,676; credits of same, $2,844; moneys of others, $65,994; credits of others, $59,888; bonds and stocks, $1,168; properties of other companies or corporations, $2,857; property of saloons and eating houses, $520 ; household and ofBce furniture, $96,731; in- vestments in real estate and improvements thereon, $1,275; grain of all kinds, $63,938; all other property not otherwise listed, $29,- 543; total value of personal property, $1,327,149. TAXATION FOE 1884. Total equalized valuation, $8,791,615; State tax, $30,770.46; county tax, $57,145.48; township tax, $7,459.88; road and bridge taxes, $41,158.14; county bond interest tax, $11,429.01; township bond interest tax. $24,592.90; township bond sinking fund tax, $13,816.02; corporation tax, $34,191.90; district school tax, $68,- 257.07; district road tax, $1,441.77; dog taxes, $1,863; delinquent taxes, $5,508.64; interest and costs, $3,726.88; total taxes, $309,- 126.15. POPULATION. Immigration into Logan County was largest in the decades 1840-'50 and 1850-'60. In the latter year the population was 14,272. In 1870 the census showed 23,053, and since then there has been little increase, on account of a large exodus to Dakota and other "Western regions. In 1880 the population was 25,037; in 1885 it was probably 27,000. CHAPTER KVI. CITY OP LINCOLN. Eaelt Histoet. — Peogeess. — Municipal Histoey. — List of City Ofjioees, 1865-85. — Coal Mines. — Banks. — Peess. — Educa- tional. — Religious. — Libkaey. — Asylum foe Feeblb-Minded. — Lodges, etc. — Biogeaphical. This city of 6,000 inhabitants, which was named in honor of Abraham Lincoln when he was a popular attorney of Springfield, and which has now been for a third of a century the seat of Logan County, owes its existence to no chance, but to private enterprise and good judgment. The manner of itb founding, as told by one of the principals concerned, is as follows: Colonel R. B. Latham, then sheriff of the county, was engaged to procure the right of way througli Logan County for the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and was promised by the chief engineer, Mr. Lee, the location of a station. A depot was already fixed upon at Elkhart, and as the company then made the stations about ten miles apart, section 31 of town 20, range 2 west, or near Postville, would be another point. Another important matter decided the location here. The people decided a more central seat of justice than Mt. Pulaski, and also wanted it on the railroad. Postville, the first county seat petitioned for its location, and while the question was being agitated, the Chicago & Alton Railroad was surveyed. As Postville was almost a mile from this road, that fact was against it in the matter. Colbey Knapp was in the Legislature the winter of 1852-3, and presented the bill giving the people the right to vote for the removal. The present site of Lincoln was then owned by a Mr. Loose, living near Greencastle, Pennsylvania, who, with his brother, had entered it about the year 1836 or 1837. No sooner had he assented to its sale than Colonel Latham started immediately for Pennsylvania, to obtain the deed, not wishing to wait its transmission by mail. He purchased the land on behalf of himself, John D. Gillett, and Yirgil. Hickox, and telegraphed at once to the latter to have inserted in the act the quarter-section (417) -71 418 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTr. . purchased as the future county seat, instead of Post\rille. This was done; and the act passed, being approved February 14, 1853. In the spring the survey of the new town began. Conawaj' Pence, then county surveyor, laid out the town, the proprietors making the streets parallel with the railroad, instead of following the car- dinal points. The entire plat was not completed until some time in the summer. Work was being done at this time on the rail- road, and by August construction trains were running from Spring- field to this point. Here the company had a large wood-shed and water-tank. In one end of the shed they made a depot. The stage company had their stables here, and passengers coming on the construction trains to this point would be taken b}' stage to Bloomington, there to connect with the Illinois Central Railroad, then just completed. As the Chicago & Alton Road was built, a station was made about every ten miles, when the stage companies would remove their stables to that point and carry passengers therefrom. The sale of lots in Lincoln was advertised to take place August 29, and that morning a construction train was run from Springfield, bringing many buyers, among them Mr. Lincoln, who remarked during the sale, as he walked around inspecting the lots, that they were cheap and desirable, but he was unable to buy. Quite a number of people were here from various parts of the county, es- pecially those desirous of purchasing lots for a future home. Ninety lots were sold, varying in price from .$40 to $150. The most valu- able were those fronting on the railroad, or on Chicago street. The total proceeds were about $6,000, a handsome advance on the pur- chase price of the land, that being $S per acre, or $1,280. All this had occurred before the vote was taken by the people for the re- moval of the county seat from Mt. Pulaski. Tet so confident were the proprietors of the new town that the change would be made and their location selected, that they caused all this to be done, guaranteeing to each purchaser the location of the seat of justice or a forfeiture of the sale. In a short time building began. John Allison erected the first house on the plat — a dwelling, east of the railroad, on Chicago street. A grocery was built by Samuel Long. This was the first busi- ness house in Lincoln. As Postville was near, the carpenters who did not live there boarded at the hotel built there in 1836 or '37. Just south of Long's grocery E. Boren and Jesse Forbes erected the second store and began business in December. This store was — '-■ -^ a N" -^l>t^ OITY OF LINCOLN. 419 burned on December 8, 1871, eighteen years after building. Michael Hinrichsen purchased a dwelling built by I. N. Buck, the first station agent. In January, 1854, Colonel Latham, then liv- ing at Mt. Pulaski, began the erection of the old Lincoln House, afterward known as the Eagle Hotel. He hired two men to do the work, and as soon as the building season opened, broke ground for its construction. Colonel R. B. Latham has done more for the city of Lincoln, and througli it for the county, than any other. He has erected several fine business liouses in the city, and has always been the foremost in advancing its interests. There is not a church, or school, or any beneficent object therein that has not re- ceived pecuniary aid from him, as well as personal endeavors on his part for their advancement. The hotel occupied the site of the present Lincoln House. It was constructed of wood, was two stories in height, and was opened to the public January 1, 1855. The proprietor then was D. M. Jackson, who, in 1857, purchased it of the Town Site Company, and, after keeping it a few years, sold it to a Mr. Holderman. He, being unable to pay for it, gave it up, and it came again into the Town Site Company's possession. In 1868 they sold it to Henry Palmer, who changed the name to the Eagle Hotel, and kept it until it was destroyed by fire, on the 19th of April, 1870. During Mr. Holderman's time a third story was added, and during Mr. Palmer's time a brick addition built to it. Among the merchants locating from 1853 to 1857 may be men- tioned B. & F. M. Hinrichsen, Edgar & Johnson, Kahn Brothers, Howser & Metcalf, John W. Logan, Gr. F. Stillraan, Howser & Hig- gins, Kelso & Boren and T. Blackburn. The first hall in town was built by George Musick, in 1855, and occupied the present site of Dustin'sbank. It remained there until 1873, when it was removed to make room for the erection of the bank. During its time it was used for religious services, public meetings, by secret societies, for dances, or for almost any gathering. Until 1856 every house, except the depot, was built of wood. The court-house was com- pleted early in that year. These were of brick, and were the first buildings in town built of this material. The first brick business house was built about the middle of the Lincoln House block, front- ing Chicago street. Across the street, south, quite a nu.-nber of frame buildings were built by Roach & Hansby, across the street, west from Long's grocery. Before this it was a very common sight to see piles of sacks of grain waiting shipment. As there was no place to store grain, the farmers would pile it along the railroad, -7^ .V 420 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cover it with canvas or boards, and leave it until a car could be obtained. About the same time this elevator was erected, William M. Dustin built an elevator. Here he and B. H. Brainard opened the first bank in Lincoln. In addition to the hall built by George Musick in 1855, one was erected in 1857 by Logan, Cox & Co., for the use of the Masonic fraternity. The Odd Fellows' Hall was built by William Eoach this same year. By the year 1857, quite a number of houses had been erected, both as business houses and dwellings, and by the year 1862 over 2,000 people lived in town, and the trade was as- suming vast proportions. The Methodists had built a church in 1857 (now the Presbyterian church), and other denominations were preparing to occupy the field. A good school was started, the town was incorporated, and Lincoln began to show signs of solid improvement. In 1867 John D. Gillett, wlio has erected more fine buildings in town than any other, began the building of a large three-story brick building on the corner of Broadway and Kickapoo street. The next year he built two large stores on Broadway, over which is a hall used for lectures, theaters, dances, etc. In 1871 he built two stores on Kickapoo street. In 1873 there were erected the Musick block, two stores; Latham's block, four stores (Colonel Latham has erected almost as many buildings as Mr. Gillett); the Dustin block, six stores; Parker's block, four stores; the Brewer block, four stores; the National Bank block, two stores; G. W. Webb, two; while a number of one-room stores were constructed, in addition to many dwellings, shops, and houses of various kinds. In no year since has there been an equal amount of building. Since the war business has improved rapidly. Several large brick business houses have been erected. Three good wagon-makers have large shops, quite a number of smaller ones are seen, and a variety of other tradespeople find constant employment here. The present Lincoln Hotel, the largest in town, as well as in the county, was built by John D. Gillett during the summer of 1875. It oc- cupies the site of the old Lincoln House, and is 108 xl09 feet in size. The basement and lower story are occupied as stores, while the second, third and fourth are used as the hotel proper. The cost of the structure was about $50,000. During this same year about 100 dwellings were erected in town. Lincoln has at various times suffered disastrously from fire. Be- fore 1870, or for seventeen years after the first buildings were erected, fires rarely occurred. With the exception of the court- V^« ^ -. bN. f crrr of Lincoln. 421 house, burned on the night of April 14, 1857, only four small buildings were destroyed during the years mentioned. Since April 1 1870, the city has been visited by that destroyer not less than a score of times, each occasion laying waste valuable property. The buildings now erected arc almost always of brick, and caution is taken in their construction, thereby preventing the recurrence of these disasters. The city's business portion now presents substan- tial buildings, and danger from this source is materially lessened. Lincoln was incorporated under the general law in 1855, two years later under a special act, and continued thus until 1865, when the two towns of Postville and Lincoln united and formed the present city of Lincoln. Tliis was necessary for the good of each town, and as the limits of Lincoln by that date extended to those of Postville, no necessity for two organizations existed. The name of Postville was therefare dropped, and it became the Fourth "Ward of Lincoln. Had the desire of its people been carried out in the removal of the county seat to its first habitation, Lincoln would never have existed; but the former town being off the rail- road, and its property very much shrunken in value, and having no moneyed, energetic men to push its interests, it gave way to its more powerful competitor. MUNICIPAL HISTORY. Lincoln was incorporated under the general State law, as above stated, early in the year 1855. During the spring of that year the first board of village officers was elected. It consisted of the fol- lowing persons: Ezra Boren, Geo. W. Edgar, Hopkins 0. Judy, Robert Leslie and John E. Oummings. These were sworn in office by David T. Lee. At their first meeting they organized by elect- ing Geo. W. Edgar, President of the Board, and J. E. Oummings, Clerk. The board then appointed Geo. W. Stillman, Street Com- missioner; J. W. Ratikin, Assessor; Joseph F. Benner, Treasurer, and Leroy F. Brown, Constable. At the next meeting, held on November 19, ordinances for the government of the town were adopted; the evenings for the regular meetings of tlie board were appointed, and the boundaries of the town defined. Tlie clause in the minutes of the proceedings of the board, relating to the limits of the town, reads as follows: "The limits of the town of Lincoln shall be the northwest quarter of section 31, town 20, range 2 west of the third principal meridian; the east half of the northeast quarter of section 36, town 20, range 3 west of the third principal Je- 422 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. meridian; and the east .half of the southeast quarter of section 35, town 20, range 3 west of the third principal meridian." This territory comprised 320 acres. The original town plat contained about one hundred acres, but ere long was increased by numerous additions, the principal ones being made by Colonel Latham, Mr. Wyatt and Mr. Gillett. The proceedings of the first meetings of the trustees, the town charter, its amendments, and the ordinances adopted, were published in the Illinois Citizen, then conducted by Messrs. Reed & Austin. Ere long the sale of intoxicating liquors began to attract atten- tion, and the board was compelled to adopt means to regulate its sale. Hence, on the 19th of January, 1856, an ordinance was passed, requiring a license to be obtained, and regulating the sale of the article. The license was fixed at $300, and a bond of $500 was also required. Licenses regulating peddlers and other itiner- ant tradesmen were also required, and fines established in case of the failure of those interested obtaining them. The name of the paper already referred to had changed to the Lincoln Citizen, and in it were published the ordinances recently adopted. The high liquor license and bond were, however, at subsequent meetings of the board reduced. As the town grew in population and business, the necessity of its incorporation as a village, to enable it to comply better and more fully with the existing laws, and to better maintain its government, became evident, and on February 18, 1857, the act incorporating the town of Lincoln was approved by the Governor and became a law. A new Board of Trustees was elected, of which James S. Jones was appointed clerk. The proceedings of these meetings, as well as all the public printing at that date, were published in the Logan County Democrat, edited by H. H. Simmons. Under this act, with various changes, Lincoln existed as a town until 1865, when, by an act of the Legislature approved Feb. 16, the two towns of Postville, the old county seat, and Lincoln were united under the name of the " City of Lincoln." From the rec- ords of the Board of Trustees of the town of Lincoln, it appears that the trustees of Postville were the first to suggest the union of the two towns, thereby forming a city. Section first of the act reads as follows: ^'■Be it enacted hy the People of the State of Illinois, represented in General Assembly: That the towns of Postville and Lin- coln, in Logan County, Illinois, be and they are hereby, merged - — "U ^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 423 into one, to be known and called hereafter by the name of ' The City of Lincoln.' " Section second relates to the boundaries of the new town; section third, to the additions thereafter to be made to it; section fourth, to the name and style of the city as a corporate body; and section fifth, to the division of the city into four wards. The charter fur- ther specified the officers of the city, their duties, terms of office, salaries and fees, and manner of election. The officers to be chosen were a mayor, city justice, city treas- urer and two aldermen from each ward. The town board of Lin- coln, at a meeting on March 2, 1865, ordered that the election be held in each ward at the school-house therein on March 13, to fill tbeseoffices. The votes being counted on the evening of election day, Joseph C. Webster was declared elected Mayor; Joseph T. Benner, City Justice, and Solomon Kdm, City Treasurer. The Aldermen from the First Ward were Marvin Brewer, elected for two years, and Franklin Fisk, one year; from the Second Ward, T. F. La- due, for two years; A. M. Fellows, for one year; from the Third Ward, Hiram Sherman and Lot H. Crawford, each of whom received an equal number of votes; and from the Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford, for two years, and J. F. Boy, for one year. At the first meeting of the city council, the aldermen from the Third Ward drew lots to determine who should hold the office two years. The lot fell to Mr. Sherman, who took his seat accord- ingly. At the first meeting of the council, W. D. Wyatt was chosen City Clerk; James Coddington, Assessor; W. D. Wyatt, Attorney, and Charles C. Brackett, Marshal. Among the important acts of the State Legislature demanding attention was the act to establish graded schools in towns and cities, and to provide for their maintenance. This act was ap- proved February 16, 1865, and among the earliest acts of the council of Lincoln was the order for an election to be held in each ward in the city to choose one director therefrom, all of whom, when elected, were to constitute the Board of Education for the city. This election was held on Tuesday, the 11th day of April, 1865, and resulted in the choice of one director from each ward, who constituted this board until they were succeeded by the Board of Inspectors, elected in 1867. From the union of the two towns the substantial growth of^ Lincoln began. Each year brought a new set of officers, all- of dNT 4:24 HI8T0BY OF LOGAN COUNTY. whom made the welfare of the city the paramount interest, and all labored for its advancement. We subjoin here the list of officers for the city of Lincoln and their terms of service. It will, how- ever, be observed that the result of the election of each year only is given, one-half of the aldermen holding two years: 1865— Mayor, Joseph C. Webster; Clerk, W. D. Wyatt; City Justice, Joseph F. Banner, elected for four years; Treasurer, Solo- mon Kahn; Attorney, W. D. Wyatt; Counciimen, First Ward, Marvin Brewer and Franklin Fisk; Second Ward, T. F. Ladue and A. M. Fellows; Third Ward, Hiram Sherman and Lot H. Craw- ford; Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford and J. F. Bay; Marshal, C. C. Brackett. 1866— Mayor, Silas Beason; Clerk, J. F. Benner; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Attorney, Eufus May field; Marshal, J. S. Eandolph; Street Commissioner, James H. Russell; Counciimen, First Ward, John Wyatt; Second Ward, A. C. Boyd; Third Ward, Henry Sturges; Fourth Ward, David Bumcrats. 1867 — Mayor, Silas Beason; Clerk, J. F. Benner; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Attorney, James T. Hobllt; Marshal, Walter B. McNeal; Street Commissioner, James H. Russell; Counciimen, First Ward, Mark W. Barrett; Second Ward, T. F. Ladue; Third Ward, F. P. Hurlbut; Fourth Ward, John F. Boy. 1868 — Mayor, Silas Beason; Clerk, Albert Cad wallader; Marshal, W. B. McNeal; Attorney, Edmund Lynch; Street Commissioner, Samuel Switzer; Counciimen, First Ward, J. C. Ross; Second Ward, J. A. Niles; Third Ward, John JST. Lipp and James S. Ean- dolph; Fourth Ward, Hamilton Tibbitts. 1869 — Mayor, Colbey Knapp; Clerk, George W. Montague; At- torney, James T. Hoblit; Marshal, Thomas B. Parker; City Jus- tice, Joseph F. Benner; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Street Commissioner, Samuel Switzer; Counciimen, First Ward; IST. E. Pegram; Second Ward, F. C. W. Koehnle; Third Ward, Israel McCord; Fourth Ward, Henry Rathburn and W. A. Cowdrey. 18Y0 — Mayor, George Warren; Clerk, G. W. Montague; At- torney, Edmund Lynch ; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Street Commissioner, Samuel Switzer; Counciimen, First Ward, H. F. Elliott; Second Ward, Nelson Andrew; Third Ward, William P. Randolph; Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford. For this year, owing to a law passed in the General Assembly, two additional supervisors were allowed for the city of Lincoln; one for that part of the city in- cluded in East Lincoln Township, the First and Second wards, and OITY OF LINCOLN. 425 one for the Third and Fourth wards, or that part of the city in West Lincoln Township. For the First and Second wards, T. J. Larson was elected, and for the Third and Fourth wards, A. R. Orihfield. 1871— Mayor, Abram Mayfleld; Olerk, G. "W. Montague; At- torney, Edmund Lynch; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Marshal, T. J. Lari- son; Street Commissioner, P. H. Beach; Couneihnen, First Ward, N. E. Pegram; Second Ward, H. Maltby; Third Ward, James Oongden; Fourth Ward, H. Rathburn; First and Second Ward, Supervisor, William Markworth; Third and Fourth Ward, A. R. Crihfield. 1872 — Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Olerk, C. M. Knapp; Attorney, T. T. Beach; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Marshal, David Hummell; Street Commissioner, P. H. Beach; Councilmen, First Ward, H. F. Elliott; Second Ward, Hiram Sherman; Third Ward, Silas Beason; Fourth Ward, John J. Russell; Supervisor, First and Second wards, Simon Rock; Third and Fourth wards, A. R. Crih- field. 1873— Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treas- urer, S. Kahn; Attorney, E. G. Hudson; City Justice, P. H. Knight; Marshal, R. B. Fryar; Street Commissioner, H. M. Le- vafly; Councilmen, First Ward, H. Simonton; Second Ward, James Ritchey; Third Ward, William Hargadine; Fourth Ward, Daniel Baldwin; Supervisor, First and Second wards, Simon Rock; Third and Fourth wards, A. R. Crihfield . 1874— Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treas- urer, S. Kahn ; Attorney, E. G. Hudson; Marshal, R. B. Fryar; Street Commissioner, H. M. Levally; Councilmen, First Ward, John Wyatt; Second Ward, H. Sherman; Third Ward, W. H. Rigdon; Fourth Ward, John J. Rassell; Supervisor, First and Second wards, H. Abbott; Third and Fourth wards, Israel Mc- Cord. 1875— Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Clerk, CM. Knapp; Treas- urer, S. Kahn; Attorney, C J. Forsyth; Marshal, Charles Phil- lips; Street Commissioner, H. M. Levally; Councilmen, First Ward, H. Simonton; Second Ward, S. Rock; Third Ward, J. B. Montague; Fourth Ward, George L. Oglevie. At the session of the Legislature the' winter previous to this election, the offices of the additional supervisors were abolished. 1876— Mayor, Silas Beason; Clerk, 0. M. Knapp; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Attorney, C. J. Forsyth; Marshal, R. B. Fryar; Street l^ -i* 426 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. Cammissioner, Isaac Acken; Councilmen, First Ward, John "Wyatt; Second "Ward, James A. Hudsoa; Third "Ward, William Harffadine; Fourth Ward, John J. Russell. 1877— Mayor, Silas Bsason; Clerk, CM. Knapp; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Attorney, W. W- Stokes; Marshal, William J. Pettitt; City Justice, P. B. Knight; Street Commissioner, Isaac Acken; Coun- cilmen, First Ward, N. E. Pegram and Abram Mayfield; Second Ward, Simon Rock; Third Ward, James H. Russell; Fourth Ward, Charles White. 18Y8 — Mayor, D. L. Braucher; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, F. C. Maxwell; Marshal, Joseph Childs; Street Commissioner, Joseph Thompson; Councilmen, First Ward, George W. Webb; Second Ward, James A. Hudson; Third Ward, David Huramell and A. Crandall; Fourth Ward, David Reed. 1879— Mayor, James E. Hill; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, Leo Head; Marshal, W. H. Beach; Street Commissioner, Isaac Acken; Councilmen, First Ward, N. E. Pegram; Second Ward, E. N. Davis; Third Ward, William Hungerford; Fourth Ward, Peter Biwer. 1880 — Mayor, Silas Beason; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, S. J. Woland; Marshal, Joseph Chil'ds; Street Commissioner, John Savage; Councilmen, First Ward, H. G. Bramwell; Second Ward, James A. Hudson; Third Ward, John Ahrens; Fourth Ward, John Spotz. 1881 — Mayor, D. H. Harts; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, S. J. Woland; Marshal, Patrick Mc- Cann; City Justice, P. B. Knight; Street Commissioner, John Savage; Aldermen, First Ward, R. B. Latham; Second Ward, E. ]Sr. Davis; Third Ward, William Hungerford; Fourth Ward, John F. Boy. 1882 — Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Clerk, C. M. Knapp; Treas- urer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, O. C. Sharp; Marshal, Mark Storen; Street Commissioner, John Savage; Councilmen, First Ward, H. G. Bramwell; Second Ward, L. L. Hatton; Third Ward, Israel McCord; Fourth Ward , George IST. Williams. 1883— Mayor, Albert Rothschild; Clerk, W. G. Starkey, Treas- urer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, Robert Humphrey; Marshal, Jo- seph Childs; Street Commissioner, Michael Coogan; Councilmen, First Ward, H. F. Elliott; Second Ward, E. N. Davis; Third Ward, Thomas Keuyou; Fourth Ward, Fred Goosman. l^ T OITY OF LINCOLN. 427 1884-.— Mayor, Albert Rothschild ; Clerk, William G. Starkey Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, Robert Humphrey; Marshal John Bushell; Street Commissioner, Charles H. Grlidden; Council- men, First Ward, John Q. Smith ; Second Ward, James A. Hud son; Third Ward, Israel McCord; Fourth Ward, Joim J. Russell 1885.— Mayor, Albert Rothschild; Clerk, W. G. Starkey; Treas urer, William A. Corwine ; City Justice, P. B. Knight ; Marshal John Bushell; Street Commissioner, Jacob Werschay ; Attorney, 0. 0. Sharp ; Councilmen, First Ward, N. E. Pegram ; Second Ward, E. N". Davis ; Third Ward, P. H. Beach ; Fourth Ward, Charles A. Nicholson. COAL MINES. The Lincoln Good Company was tbrmed in December, 1867, under the general incorporation law of Illinois, but afterward be- came incorporated under a special charter, adopted at a special session of the General Assembly of 1869. The stock of the com- pany was divided into 500 shares of $100 each. Two hundred and ninety were paid for in fall, ten were donated to James Braucher, who had previously bored for coal about six miles south of Lin- coln, and had awakened some interest on the subject, and the remaining 200 shares were apportioned among the stock- holders, according to the number of shares each held, upon their paying $30 for each share. This company was composed of some of the most energetic citizens of Lincoln and vicinity, among whom were Silas Beason, Dr. A. M. Miller, Frank Prorer and James Coddington. A tract of land comprising one and a half acres was leased at what is now the crossing of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis and Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroads, and on the 1st day of January, 1868, the company began to sink a shaft. The work was pushed forward until a depth of fifty- two feet was reached, when a bed of quicksand and water, eighteen feet in depth, retarded their progress. They labored long and at great ex- pense in overcoming this, and it was not until September, 1869, that the present vein of coal was reached, at a depth of 271 feet. Preparations were immediately made for putting in machinery for raising coal, and on the 15th of December, 1869, nearly two years after the commencement of the work, coal was brought to the surface. In sinking the shaft several veins of coal were passed. At a depth of 100 feet a vein eighteen inches thick was found ; at a depth of 150 feet, one of thirty inches ; and seventy feet 27 Az "*'"''-> 428 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTr. farther down, one forty-two inches in thickness was passed. The vein operated is five feet in thickness, and proves to be of an ex- cellent quality. The cost of the shaft was $70,000, or $30,000 more than the amount of capital paid in. Bonds of the corpora- tion were issued to the amount of $10,000 and a trust deed was executed on the property of the company as security. These bonds maturing in August, 1871, and the holders refusing to extend the time, the property was advertised and sold on the 23d day of December, 1871. Frank Frorer became purchaser for the amount of the indebtedness of the company, for the use of all the stockholders who should join in forming a new company, and contribute thereto in proportion to the stock held by them in the old company. Bj this purchase a new company was formed, and a capital of $80,000 contributed. The name of the old company was the Lincoln Coal Company, that of the new, the Lincoln Coal Mining Company. The stock is entirely owned by Frank Frorer, D. H. Harts and Mrs. D. H. Harts. The company employs 200 men some of whom are used in the tile works, which have been operated since 1878. The mine produces 80,000 tons of coal annually. The Citizens^ Goal Mining Company was organized in June, 1882, by S. A. Foley, A. Mayfield, Peter Obcamp, Henry Ahrens and Hiram Pierce. The officers are now : Hiram Pierce, Presi- dent ; Henry Ahrens, Vice-President, Superintendent and Treas- urer; A. Mayfield, Secretary. The company owns the coal in 240 acres of land adjoining the city of Lincoln, and employs 160 men regularly, besides about thirty more when the demand for coal warrants the use of an increased force. Four hundi-ed and fifty tons are mined daily, and shipped to all points on the railroads leading from the mine, while the local demand is also large. The shaft is 266 feet deep, and the seam of coal is five feet four inches in thickness. LINCOLN GAS COMPANY. The works of this company were constructed in 1873, by the National Gas Works Building Company of St. Louis, and were operated by that company for several months. In 1879 S. A. Foley became owner, and in 1884 the Lincoln Gas and Electric Light Company was organized, consisting of S. A. Foley, W. M. Dustin, Frank Frorer, D. H. Harts, E. B. Latham and John D. Gillett. About 40,000 feet of gas are daily produced. l^ OITY OF LINCOLN. 429 BANKS. Lincoln has one private and two national banks. The former is owned by William M. Dustin, who has conducted a banking busi- ness in Lincoln many years. The First National Bank was organized in July, 18T3, by Messrs. Gillett, Schuler and others, with $50,000 capital. They deposited with the Comptroller of the Currency at Washington $30,000 in bonds, entitling them to $27,000 in circulating notes. The bank at once began business, with John D. Gillett as President and H. B. Schuyler as Cashier. There has been no change in the former office, Mr. Gillett still retaining the presidency. Mr. Schuyler sold his interest in March, 1882, to Frank Hoblit, of Atlanta, and in the virtual reorganization which then took place Mr. Hoblit became cashier and has since held that position. Frank W. Cottle is teller, and has held that position for about eight years. The business has steadily increased, especially since. Mr. Hoblit took charge, and is now in a highly satisfactory condition. A-il branches of banking business are carried on. The bank is located on Broadway, be- tween Chicago and Kickapoo streets. ' Lincoln National Banh. — The Lincoln Savings, Loan and Trust Company began business July 1, 1877. There were then ten stockholders — S. A. Foley (President), J. A. Hudson (Cashier), John Happerley, Arthur Quisenberry, Mary Wbite, F. S. Selley, S. E. Hudson, Ezra White, E. G. Hudson and G. B. Hudson. The authorized capital was $100,000, half of which was paid up. This company continued under the name first mentioned until August 1, 1885, when two organizations were effected, with prac- tically the same stockholders. One is the Lincoln Loan and Trust Cpmpany, formed to transact a real estate loaning business in Illinois and Kansas, with S. A. Foley as President, B. F. McCord as Yice-President and J. A. Hudson as Cashier; the other is the Lincoln National Bank, S. A. Foley, President; G. I. Harry, Cashier, and James A. Hudson, Vice-President. The bank has a paid-up capital of $60,000, and is doing a prosperous and profit- able business on sound principles. EDUCATIONAL. Previous to July, 1867, the public schools of the city were under the control of a Board of Directors, in accordance with the laws of >rr^ ^^' 430 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the State of Illinois, the Superintendent of Schools for Logan County having general supervision over the same. In October, 1866, the number of children between the ages of six and twenty-one years was found by the census to be 893. The aggregate attendance during the year ending July, 1867, was 619, and the average attendance during the same time was 353, and eight teachers were employed in the schools. At that time there were only five school buildings in the city, containing seven rooms, as follows: The grammar school, one house in the First Ward, and one in the Second, with two rooms each; and one room in each of the Third and Fourtli wards. The school-rooms were poorly seated, and very little furniture and conveniences for teacher and pupil were found in them. On the 1st day of July, 1867, the city council passed an "Ordi- nance in Relation to Public Schools," thereby creating the " Board of School Inspectors," and giving them exclusive control of the city schools, independent of the State and county organization. On the third Monday in July the council appointed, as provided by said ordinance, the first Board of Inspectors, which consisted of: A. M. Miller, First Ward; J. F. H)de, Second Ward; W. J. Ross, Third Ward; D. H. Warren, Fourth Ward; G. S. Dana, F. C. W. Koehnle, city at large. The first meeting of the board was held on the 17th of J uly, at which time A. M. Miller was elected chairman, and committees were appointed. The city council had, in the months of July and August, built a new house in the Third Ward, and added a story to the Fourth Ward house (which was of brick); re-seated all the old rooms with good seats; furnished each room with a clock, desk, bell, chairs, etc., for the comfort and convenience of teachers. Dnriug the first month the schools became so much crowded that it was found necessary to rent three rooms, and employ two more teachers (there being 440 pupils in six rooms, with eight teachers). By the census of July, 1867, there were found to be 1,296 chil- dren between the ages of six and twenty-one years, and during the year closing July, 1868, there was an aggregate attendance of 914, and the average was 487, showing a gain over the previous year of 48 per cent, in aggregate, and 38 per cent, in average attendance. Yet it appears that many who were eligible to attend school, as seen by the census, could not be admitted and receive that share of instruction which pupils ought to receive in public schools. ^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 431 However, there was a marked improvement in the schools. The superintendent was constantly employed in visiting, and aiding the teachers in their work ; monthly meetings were held for consulta- tion; pupils manifested an interest in their studies, and all worked faithfully and harmoniously together, from day to day, during the whole year. To remedy in part the want of suflScient accommodations, the city council caused to be erected two new buildings, in the sum- mer of 1868, one in the First Ward, and one in the north part of the Fourth Ward. The office of superintendent having been dispensed with, no general record of the progress of the schools was kept for the suc- ceeding two years. In the summer of 1869 preparations were made to erect a large central school-house. A lot of ground known as the Wright block, situated between Union and Maple, and Seventh and Eighth streets, in the central part of the city, was purchased at a cost of $5,000. The plan of the building furnished by T. F. Ladue, Esq., was adopted by the council, the building commenced and enclosed be- fore the end of the year. This structure is 64 x 95 feet on the ground, three stories high above the basement, and seventy-five feet to the top of the dome, containing eleven good-sized school- rooms — four on each of the first and second floors, and three on the third — together with one recitation room, a large hall, and numer- ous wardrobes, closets, etc., for tlie convenience of teachers and pupils. During the spring and summer of 1870 the house was finished and furnished with the most improved seats and furniture of the present day. The whole cost of the lot, building, furniture and heating apparatus (Ruttan's patent) is about $60,000, and is one of the best school edifices of its size in the State. It is an or- nament to the city, a credit to the mechanics who constructed it, and a monument of pride to the citizens' generally, who have to defray the expense of the same. The schools are divided into eleven grades, the eleventh being the lowest, and the first the highest grade. They are further des- ignated as primary, intermediate, grammar and high school depart- ments. The primary consists of the eleventh, tenth and ninth grades ; the intermediate, of the eighth, seventh, and sixth grades; tlie grammar, of the fifth, fourth, third and second grades; and the high school, of the first grade. Pupils are not entitled to promotion unless they have taken all r?^ 432 HI8T0HY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of the studies of their grade, and have passed a creditable exami- nation in each. The school year is divided into three terms, the first beginning on the first Monday of September, and ending on Friday before Christmas. The second begins on the first Monday after New Year's, and ends the last Friday of March. The third term begins on the first Monday of April, and closes the Friday before the middle of June. There are now five school-houses. The Washing- ton School, in the First Ward, has four school-rooms and two reci- tation rooms ; the Adams School, in the Third Ward, has two rooms; the Jefi'erson School, in the Fourth Ward, iias two rooms; the Monroe School, in the Fourth Ward, has one room, and the High School has eleven school-rooms and one recitation room. In all, twenty-one teachers are employed. The annual expenditures for school purposes amount to $12,000. The present School Board consists of A. M. Miller, President; David Gillespie, Vice-Presi- dent ; Thomas J. Pegrain, R. N. Lawrance, William H. Eigdon and Henry Mohn. Dr. Miller has been a member of the board for twenty years, and president of the same nineteen years. LINCOLN LIBRAET ASSOCIATION. On the 18th of April, 1874:, a public meeting was held at the Cumberland Presbyterian church, for the purpose of establishing a public library and free reading-room. At this meeting Colonel E. B. Latham was chosen Chairman and Prof. D. M. Harris, Sec- retary. S. A. Foley presented a constitution, which was adopted. A committee of fourteen ladies was appointed to solicit subscrip- tions to the capital stock of the association. At a meeting held ten days later, this committee reported Hi shares of §10 each sub- scribed, and the association was fully organized by the election of the following officers : R. B. Latham, President; M. Hinrichsen, Vice-President; D. M. Harris, Corresponding Secretary; P. P. Murray, Recording Secretary, and W. M. Dustin, Treasurer. S. A. Foley, F. Fisk, B. H. Brainard, Mrs. JST. E. Pegram, M. W. Barrett and Mrs. D. M. Harris were made Directors, who appointed a purchasing committee, consisting of Dr. A. M. Miller, Dr. S. Sargent, Rev. L. P. Crawford, Mrs. J. A. Lutz and Mrs. J. T. Hoblit. A room for the use of the association was fitted up and the first purchase of books put on the shelves about the 1st of September following, when the library room was formally thrown open to the > ^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 433 public. At this time tliere were YOO volumes belonging to the library, which number has been added to till it is now over 2,300. The leading periodicals of the country and some newspapers are kept on the tables. The rojm is open every evening and Saturday afternoons, free to][ali. It is self-sustaining and is destined to be one of the perma- nent institutions in the town. The present directors s^re: Dr. A. M. Miller, President; John A Lutz, S. A. Foley, Robert Hum- phrey, Dr. E. N. Lawrance, N. E. Pegram and Frank B. Mills. S. C. Nash is secretary of the board aad librarian of the association. ASVLUM rOK FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN. This institution was created by an act of the Legislature in 1865. The first action in relation to the establishment of the in- stitution was taken by the State Medical Society at their annual meeting held in Bloomington June 5, 1855. A committee of three of 4ts members, consisting of Drc. David Prince, E. R. Roe and J. V. Z. Blaney, was appointed to memorialize the Legislature " with regard to the establishment of an institution for idiots." This committee was continued for four years, and presented a written memorial to each of the two succeeding assemblies. The first memorial was printed. In 1866 Dr. Andrew McFarland, Superintendent of the State Hospital for Insane at Jacksonville, suggested an inquiry by the Legislature into the number and needs of this unfortunate class. Dr. P. G. Gillett, Superintendent of the Institution for Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1860 called attention to the same subject, as many persons whose friends made application to him for admission properly belonged in an institution for the feeble- minded. The act creating the institution placed it in charge of the trus- tees of the institution of the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, and they appointed Dr. P. G. Gillett Superintendent ex officio. The grounds and l>uildings of the Governor Duncan estate in Jackson- ville were rented, and the school opened with three children, May 25, 1865. To Dr. Gillett great credit is due for his warm personal interest and labors in behalf of the institution during its early ex- istence. In September, 1865, Dr. Charles T. "Wilbur was elected super- intendent of the institution. Dr. Wilbur had previously been con- nected with a similir institution in New -York, Connecticut 434: HISTORY" OF LOGAN COUNTY. and Ohio. Under his snperintendency the institution progressed favorably and it became necessary to secure more room, in conse- quence of the increasing number of applicants. In 1875 the Legislature made an appropriation of $185,000, and appointed a Board of Commissioners to select a site for the perma- nent location of the institution. The commissioners, after examining several different locations, decided in favor of Lincoln, and purchased forty acres of land known as Wyatt Grove. Plans' for the buildings, submitted by Messrs. Furness, Laing & Fehmers, architects, of Chicago, were adopted with the approval of the Governor, and the trustees ad- vertised for sealed proposals for the construction of the building. Among a number of proposals that of T. E. Courtney, of Chicago, was accepted. Work was commenced November 5, 1875, and the buildings were completed in June, 1877. The main building is of brick, and consists of a center three stories in height, connecting wings two stories, extreme wings parallel with center, three stories. The general style is modern gothic, with slate roof, dormer windows and towers. The rear buildings and engine house, built at the same time, are of brick and of the same general style. The main building faces to the east, fronting on State street. Its extreme length, front, is 324 feet; depth, 215 feet; depth of wings, 165 feet. The tower of the center building has an elevation of 100 feet, and those on the wings 85 feet. The buildings are heated by steam throughout, both direct and indirect radiation being used. Additional buildings have been erected from time to time, among the most important being a two-story brick laundry building, completed in 1884, and a detached cottage hospital com- pleted and occupied in 1886. These buildings, with the barn, carpenter shop, ice house, etc., are all in the rear of the main build- ing. In September, 1883, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur tendered his resig- nation, and was succeeded by Dr. William B. Fish, who at the time of his appointment was assistant superintendent of the Penn- sylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded, at Elwyn. The object of the institution, as defined in the act of 1875, reg- ulating the State charitable institution, is to "promote the intel- lectual, moral and physical culture of its inmates, and to fit them as far as possible for earning their own livelihood, and for future usefulness in society." l^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 435 School-rooms are provided for such children as are capable of school training, and children are graded according to their mental capacity. Physical exercise in the calisthenic room and gymnasium is required, and classes are detailed at different times from the different school-rooms for this purpose. Industrial training is an important part of the work of the insti- tution. All of the inmates, who are able, are expected to assist in the work of the household. Many of the children take pride in their work and earnestly strive to deserve the commendation of their instructors. In 1885 a shoe shop was started, and six of the boys are receiv- ing instruction. After a year's training, the six boys and their in- structors have succeeded in making all the boots and shoes used in the institution, and are doing all the mending required. Knitting machines have been introduced during the past year, and all the stockings used by inmates are made on the premises. The older girls render excellent service in the sewing room and laundry. Many of them have been taught to use the sewing machine, and to make their own clothing. The larger boys are employed at farm and garden work. The recent acquisition of some forty acres of land will now give them an opportunity for training which has long been needed. "Within the past year a class in hammered brass work has been organized. Some twenty children of both sexes are employed part of the day. Many beautiful and useful articles have been made, which are meeting with ready sale. Wood carving is also taught in the same department. Many children of this class have a taste and fondness for music. This talent has been developed as far as possible. A brass band of sixteen pieces has been recently organized and the experiment has been very successful. The institution now has 361 inmates, the largest number present since its organization. Of them 201 are males, 160 females. The buildings are crowded to their utmost capacity, and over 200 ap- plications are on file, awaiting an opportunity for admission. It is but a question of time when it will be necessary to erect addi- tional buildings to accommodate the most urgent cases, and appli- cation for a building to accommodate 100 females will doubtless be made at an early day. The institution is doing a noble work. The measure of its usefulness is most forcibly felt by the par- ents whose children are committed to its care, and to those who ^r ^3 436 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. have from time to time carefally inspected its working. At least 20 per cent, of the pupils discharged are capable of self- support and of becoming useful members of society under proper supervision and associations. The institution owns about 100 acres of land adjacent thereto. The admirable condition of the institution at present, the thorough system which prevails, and the evidence of advanced ideas everywhere apparent are a sufficient commentary upon the skill and jndgment of Dr. Fish, the present superintendent. Children between the ages of eight and eighteen who are feeble- minded, or so deficient as to be incapable of being educated at an ordinary school, and who are not epileptic, insane, paralyzed, ex- tremely helpless, or afflicted with contagious disease, may be ad- mitted, upon receiving certificate of admission from the superin- tendent. Children from Illinois are supported free of charge; board, tuition and washing are furnished by the State. Applications from Illinois are so numerous that children from other States can not be admitted. All children will be received upon trial, and will be expected to come to the institution provided with a supply of neat and sub- stantial clothing. A bond will be required in all cases (excepting children who are county charges) with sureties, to insure the re- moval of the child when required by the superintendent, free of charge to the institution, its officers or agent, and to provide com- fortable and suitable clothing, or to pay for such as may be fur- nished by the institution during the continuance of the child in its care. This bond should be accompanied by a certificate of the county clerk that tlie sureties are responsible. Parties making application for the admission of children to the institution will be provided with application blanks, which are to be filled out and returned to the superintendent. Printed blanks of the bond and the certificates of the county clerk can be had free of charge upon application to the superin- tendent. Any further information regarding the institution may be ob- tained by addressing the superintendent. The officers of the institution are: Trustees, Edward D. Blinn (President), Lincoln, Illinois; Graham Lee, Hamlet, Illinois; Ben- son Wood, Effingham, Illinois; Treasurer, John D. Gillett, Elk- hart, Illinois; "William B. Fish, M. D., Superintendent. lL OITY OF LINCOLN. 437 GHOEOHES. Methodist E-piscopal. — The first Methodist society of the city of Lincoln was organized in the winter of 1863-'4. The first meet- ings were held in the Chicago & Alton Railroad depot and presided over by Father Lewis Anderson, but the organization proper was effected in the First Ward school-house, on Clinton street, midway between Kickapoo and McLean, March 17, 1855, by Dr. A. C. Wooi, a class-leader in the church. At that time and for a year or two afterward the society was a part of the Mt. Pulaski mission, at least it received assistance from the mission fund. When it had become stronger, the church was a part of Mt. Pulaski circuit, which embraced almost the whole of Logan County, and was trav- eled by Rev. W. B. M. Colt; this was about the autumn of the year 1856. Up to this time, from the organization in 1853- '4, Revs. Garner and Bird had charge of the mission. The ap- pointments in Mt. Pulaski circuit, at the time of Rev. Colt's charge, were as follows: Lincoln, Zion, Dalbey's, Day's school-house, Two- Mile Grove, Downing's, Hurricane Point,Wliiteman's, Lawndale, Mrs. French's, Mrs. Metcalf's, Bateinan's, Sugar Creek, Mt. Pleas- ant and Mt. Pulaski — fifteen in all. Rev. Colt was succeeded in 1857 by Rev. B. Barthalow, and in 1858 and 1859 Rev. Samson Shinn was in charge, assisted tlie former year by S. D. McGinnis, and the latter by W. C. Pitner. In 1860 Mt. Pulaski circuit was divided and Lincoln circuit formed, including Zion, Sugar Creek and other points, and Rev. Joseph Montgomery was placed in charge. He was returned also in 1861. Eev. J. B. Kouts succeeded iiim in 1862 and '3. Rev. Preston Wood followed in the years 1864-'6. In the second year of his charge, 1865, Lincoln was made a station. Rev. W. R. Goodwin had charge of the rapidly increasing flock ia 1867-'8. Rev. J. G. Little came after him in 1869-'70. In 1871 Rev. M. A. Hewes had charge of the church, and he was succeeded the next year by Eev. G. W.Gray, D.D., who held the pastorate for three successive years from that time, 1872-4. In 1872 the Bloomington district was divided and Decatur district formed. Lincoln Station was in- cluded in the latter. Rev. J. G. Little was returned to the work again in 1875, and Rev. M. D. Hawes followed him in 1876. Rev. George Stevens was appointed to this place in 1877, and remained three years. Rev. J. H. Noble was here the succeeding two years, and Rev. Horace Reed served the society in 1882-'3. Rev. T. A. Parker, the present pastor, closes his third year in 1886. ^1 438 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. At the same time with the organization of the society in the First Ward school-house a Sunday-school was also begun by Rev. I. R. Gi^rner and wife, the former being chosen superintendent. W. P. Wakeman is now superintendent. The average attendance is about 160. About 1S58 a house of worship was i)uilt. It stands at the cor- ner of Pekin and McLean streets and i? now owned by the Presby- terians, who worshiped in it until 1885. The erection of the present Methodist church at the corner of Broadway and Logan streets was begun July 10, 186S, and it was completed at a cost of $22,000. The society is out of debt and has a parsonage worth $4,000. The present membership is 239. Tiie precise number of members at the time of the organization in 1853 is not definitely known, but among the number were Eobert Leslie and wife, Dr. Wood, H. L. Bennett and wife, G. W. Brady, Mrs. G-. W. Judy, Henry Johnson and wife, Mrs. S. F. Eager, John D. Leslie and William G. Starkey and wife. The trustees in 1886 are W. N. Bock, John Evans, W. W. How- ser, Henry Abbott, John Johnson, T. J. Pegram, ~D. H. Harts, W. P. Randolph and W. P. Wakeman. Uriah Hill is treasurer, and J. J. Friend, R. H. Kinman, F. B. Mills and Uriah Hill are stew- ards. Baptist. — The congregation occupying the First Baptist Church at the corner of Broadway and Union streets was organized April 19, 1856, probably in the First Ward schoil-house, with these nine members: J. 0. Webster, C. B. Hukill, George F. Stillman, Jane M. C. Stillman, S. Z. Millard, Robert Snow, William Patterson, Maro-aret A. Patterson and Robert Wilson. Rev. Tliomas C. Reese was the organizer of the church and the first pastor, 1856-'7. In the latter year he was succeeded by Rev. S. J. Goodsell, who re- mained in charge for three successive years, or from 1857 to 1860, in which year he was called to his long home. The pulpit was then filled by Rev. C. Garrison for two years, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. M. Bacon, and he by Rev. E. J. Cressey. The former held the pastorate one or two years and the latter an indefinite time. These, with Rev. R. F. Powers, cared for the church up to the year 1867, when Rev. Chauncey Warder, of New York, took charge of the spiritual welfare of the congregation. He remained until 1868 or '9. Then followed Rev. A. B. White, of Ohio, for two years, and Rev. J. W. Icenbarger for three years, reaching up to about 1875. Rev. Portman preached to the congregation occasionally r CITY OF LINCOLN. 439 for a time after the teriaiaation of Rev. Iceiibargor's pastorate. Then Rev. William Anderson, D. D., of Scotland, ministered to the church for about one year. For about six montlis after the severance of his connection with the society they remained with- out a pastor, when Rev. William Elmer, of St. Louis, accepted a call to Lincoln. In 1880 Rev. E. K. Cressey was here for nine months. After an interim. Rev. J. Primm came and remained two years. Rev. C. J. Banks came January 1, 1885, and served the church ten months. The first church edifice erected by the congregation was built in 1857. It is a small brick structure, and still stands where it was built, on Fourth street, being afterward the property of the Ger- man Catholic Society, who purchased it in 1864. It is now used as a parochial school. The building occupied at present was erected in 1866-'7at a cost of $6,000; the lot upon which it stands cost $1,200. The church is commodious, having a seating capacity for about 375 persons. The Sunday-school was organized by Rev. Mr. Goodsell during his pastorate, which began in 1857 and ended in 1860. S. M. Guttery is now superintendent, and the average attendance is about seventy. The officers of the church, besides the pastor, are: Secretary and Treasurer, D. B. Montague; Deacons, I. Acken, E. McCord, D. Fusch and S. M. Guttery; Trustees, John A. Lutz, I. Acken, E. McCord and Charles T. Girard. The church is a branch of the Mis?ionary Baptist denomination, and belongs to the McLean As- sociation, as it has from the first. The present membership is about 100. Cumberland Presbyterian. — The Cumberland Presbyterian de- nomination came into existence February 4, 1810. Its birthplace was the residence of Rev. Samuel McAdow, in Dickson County, Tennessee, a picturesque old double log house of the primitive pattern, with wide stick chimneys and without window glass. In the short space of sixty-eight years the denomination has grown to its present proportions, with its fine churches, schools and colleges scattered all over the land. The Cumberland Presbyterian church of Lincoln is a branch of that denomination, and was organized on Saturday, February 7, 1857, by Rev. Thornton K. Hedges, in what was known as Boron's Hall, on Pulaski street, or in the First Ward school-house. There were fifteen persons besides Rev. Hedges who joined in the or- l^ 440 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. ganization. Their names are: George "W". Edgar, Mrs. Mary M. Edgar, John Howser, Mrs. Litha J. Howser, Mrs. Mary J. Hedges, J. S. Metcalf, Mrs. Meldonnette Metcalf, John Crang, Mrs. Eliza- beth Crang, Abraham Duff, Mrs. Sarah J. Duff, J. C. Horney, Mrs. Elizabeth Horney, James M. Duff and Miss Sarah Duff. George W. Edgar, John S. Metcalf and John Howser were chosen elders, and Rev. Hedges ministered to the congregation. He gave them half his time for the succeeding three years, and after that all of his time to June 1, 1862. Then Rev. James White served the congregation until September 1, 1866, and Rev. R. Q. Garden the following year. Next, Rev. W. M. Metcalf had pas- toral charge until in May, 1869, and after him Rev. J. C. Van Fatten from September, 1869, to August, 1870, and Rev. E. J. Gil- lespie from October, 1871, to the next spring. In August, 1872, Rev. J. W. Poindexter, D. D., was engaged to have care of the chnrch, and also as professor of pastoral theology in Lincoln Uni- versity. At various times, while the church was temporarily without a pastor, the pupit was filled by Rev. S. Richards, Rev. Dr. Bowden and others, of Lincoln University. The present pas- tor, Rev. J. M. Hubbert, has served the congregation since May, 1878. The Elders of the chnrch are: A. 0. Boyd, L. Barnard, E. Bar- ton, G. W. Edgar, G. I. Harry, and A. H. McKenzie; Deacons, E. K Davis, J. W. Miller and Mrs. E. R. Harrington; Trustees, G. W. Edgar, A. C. Boyd, E. Burton and E. N. Davis. The pres- ent membership is about 400. During the pastorate of Rev. James White the question of founding a university was agitated by the denomination, and through the efforts of the aforementioned pastor, the Cumberland Presbyterian congregation at this place, as well as the other citi- zens of Lincoln, became warmly interested in having their city chosen as the site of the institution. The necessary meetings were held, money was subscribed, the advantages of Lincoln as a loca- tion for an institution of learning were duly set forth, and finally the decision was made in its favor. The erection of the building was begun September 14, 1865, and it was opened for the admis- sion of students in the fall of 1866, since which time it has added in a great measure to the strength of the Cumberland Presby- terian congregation, and it has also been of immense value to the city. The Sunday-school was organized some time before the church. IV OITT OF LINCOLN. 441 Rev. A. J. McGlumphy, D. D., was superintendent of this school for ten consecutive years; A. H. McKenzie now holds the position. The attendance is 300 to 400. Some of the earliest meetings of this society were held in that cradle of Lincoln churches, the First Ward school-house. The first members received into the church were James Kelso, David Conardon, Theophilus Chowning, Henry Horney and Griselda Blackburn, by experience,, and Sarah Chowning and Eliza J . Black- burn by letter. Their first church edifice, dedicated in June, 1857, was built on the corner of McLean and Clinton streets, and was occupied until 1866, when it was sold to the congregation of the Evangelical St. John's Church. The present house of worship, corner of Fekin and Ottawa streets, was then built at a cost of $10,000; the lot cost $600. In the spring of 1877 an addition to the house and several alterations were made, in order to better ac- commodate the members of the General Assembly of the Cumber- land Presbyterian churches, which met here that year. The parsonage belonging to this society is situated on Pekin street, near the church. It is a large and handsome residence. The total value of the church property is about $18,000. Christian, or Disciples. — The house occupied by the congregation of the denomination of Christians, or Disciples of Christ, stands on Pekin street, between Kickapoo and McLean. Its erection was begun in the year 3 855, the contract being let to David Blane, but it was not completed until about two years afterward. Rev. William Brown, of Springfield, was the first minister of this denomination who labored in Lincoln. Under his ministration a temporary or- ganization was entered into in the autumn of 1855, a meeting for that purpose being held in a warehouse. The meetings for religions service, before the church was completed and ready for occupancy, were held in the Methodist Episcopal church and in Boren's Hall on Pulaski street. A permanent organization was effected in the autumn of 1866 by clioosing T. H. Denny, Sr., and Hopkins C. Judy as Elders and J. M. Edwards and C. H. Miller as Deacons. The early records of the church have unfortunately been lost, but it is thought that about thirty persons formed the original congregation. The min- isters who have had charge of and labored with this church to the present time are: Eevs. William Brown, Dr. J. M. Allen, J. S. Sweeney, Alexander Johnson, Allen Rice, Charles J. Berry, George Owens, B. W. Johnson, Richard Johnson, T. Y. Berry, e ^- ^ r~rm 442 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. H. D. Clark, G. W. Minier, S. 0. Humphrey, R. A. Gilchrist, S. H. Bundy and T. T. Holton. At the time of the temporary organization, a subscription paper was circulated and about two-thirds of the amount necessary to build a church was pledged; but when the house was completed it rested under a considerable debt, which was not cleared away until the expiration of five or six years. The total cost of preparing the house tor worship was about $3,500. The cost would have been greater, but the lot upon which the house stands was donated to the society bv Messrs. Latham, Gillett and Hickox, the proprietors and founders of the original town of Lincoln. The value of the church property at present is something near $4,000. A Sunday-school was begun at about the same time with the church. It numbers at present about sixty-five pupils and is under charge of Elmer Martin. The elders of the church are: AbramEnlows, K C. Maxwell, T. T. Holton and J. A. Campbell; Deacons, John Simpson, J. B. Gaines and J. W. Irey. Congregational. — A church of the Congregational denomination was oro-auized in the city of Lincoln on the 12th day of March, 1859. A preliminary meeting had been held at the residence of S. F. Eager on the 14th of the preceding month, which meeting was attended by John Crang, Stephen Barnum, William Hunger- ford, Mrs. S. M. Hungerford, Mrs. Elizabeth Crang, Mrs. Mary W. Carpenter, Mrs. Priscilla G. Barnum and Miss Helen 0. Bar- num, besides Mr. Eager, and Mrs. Elizabeth C. Eager — eleven persons in all. On the date first mentioned, these same persons met at the Cumberland Presbyterian church and entered into an organization under the direction of Rev. H. "VV. Cobb. During the ensuing year there were added to the church Beaumont Parks, C. H. Ormsby, John F. Adams, "William P. Bates and Misses £. J. and H. M. Bates. As the congregation had not erected a house of worship, they rented Musick's Hall, which at that time stood at the corner of Kickapoo and Pulaski streets. Here religious services were held once in two weeks by Eev. H. W. Cobb, their organizer, who re- mained their pastor until the fall of 1861, something over two and a half years. At the close of his pastorate, Eev. Robert L. McCord was engaged to minister to the spiritual welfare of the congregation, and remained until the spring of 1868. It was dur- ing his stay in Lincoln that the first church owned by this society OITi- OF LINCOLN. - -"> 443 4^ was built. The contract for its erection was let to "William Hun- gerford in August, 1863, and it was finished about January 1, 1864. The location chosen for the house was on West Pulaski street, near the corner of Kankakee, on lots donated to the society by Latham, Gillett and Hickox. When Rev. McCord had terminated his pastorate, he was suc- ceeded by E.ev. H. S. Clark; the latter was followed by Hev. A. E. Baldwin and he by Rev. H. D. Piatt. In September, 1872, the society had become numerically weakened. Death had visited the fold and taken of the flock; some of the best workers and most valuable members had removed to other cities, and several of those remaining had suffered severely by the various fires which visited Lincoln shortly before this time. For these reasons it was thought best to sell the church building and place the monej' at interest until such a time as it should be deemed advisable to resume pub- lic services as an organization. The building was accordingly sold' soon afterward to the German Evangelical Lutheran Society, by whom it is still owned, though now unused. In 1875 ground was purchased at the corner of Broadway and Ottawa streets, and Pil- grim Chapel was built upon it at a total cost of $3,956. The build- ing was finished in the early part of 1876. The society found itselftoo weak to maintain a creditable organization, however, and in 1885 sold this structure to the Presbyterians, who now occupy it. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran. — The German Lutherans held meetings in various places and under a variety of circum- stances for some time before they organized themselves into a so- ciety or procured themselves a church in which to assemble. For a considerable time these meetings were held somewhere in the Fourth Ward. The Congregational church was also rented for one year and meetings were held there. At this time Rev. Stumf was the minister of the congregation. January 15, 1865, a permanent and regular organization was effected. There were twenty-nine persons entering into the organization, of whom the following were officers: Five Elders — Wolrod Kief, John Flick, Adam Bucke, Jacob Kief and Micliael Kief; five Trustees, Fr. C. W. Koehnle, Bernard Friesh, Adam Bucke, Michael Kief and Wolrod Kief; a Secretary, Fr. C. W. Koehnle; and a Treasurer, Adam Bucke. The first church occupied by this society was the one first erected by the Cumberland Presbyterians and sold by them to this con- gregation February 26, 1865, shortly after the organization of the latter. The price paid for the house, which was on the corner of 28 wr .-«-»- 444: HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. Clinton and McLean streets, was $2,500. This building is now used for a parochial school. The present fine church, at the cor- ner of Fifth and Union streets, was erected in 1884, at a cost of $10,000. It is a brick structure, 4-0 x 65 feet, with basement and tower. The auditorium is nicely furnished and will seat 500. The first minister after the organization was Rev. F. Siegel, who remained in charge two years. After he had severed his connec- tion with this church, Rev. John Wettle became their pastor and served in that capacity for four years and a half. He then gave place to Rev. L. Austman, who ministered to the church two years. Following him came Rev. John G. Ade, the present pastor, in 1877. The congregation numbers about 300. The officers are: Dea- cons, M. Reinhardt, A. Bree, August Wilmert, Fritz Wilmert, John Lachenraeier and Franlc Rimmerman ; Trustees, Peter Ob- camp (Treasurer), M. Reinhardt (Secretary), "William Rimmer- man, Adolph Rimmerman and Fritz Wilmert. St. Mary's (7«^Ac>Zic CAi^rc/i.—Tlie first Catholic church in Lin- coln was built in 1837 by the German and Irish immigrants who had settled here at an early day. Previous to that time the few Catholics living here were attended by priests from Chicago, Springfield and Bloomington. The first settled pastor was the Rev. Father Thomas Meagher, formerly of Cohimbus, Ohio, who took charge of the parish in 1858. His successors were the Rev. Father Martin, tlermann and Thomas Burke. As the congrega- tion grew larger Father Burke built the present St. Patrick's Church, and the small brick church was left in the possession of the Ger- man Catholics. The priests who have had charge of the St. Mary's German Congregation since that time have been the Reverend Fathers William Netstratter, Heskemann, Andrew Michels, Anton Schmitz, F. X. Heller, Conrad Rotter, and Bernard Baak. Under the pastorate of Father Rotter, the present brick church and pa- rochial school were built. Rev. Bernard Baak, formerly pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Peoria, took charge of St. Mary's Church in August, ISSi, and under his pastorate the church has been pros- pered. Tiie membership numbers about 110 families. The school belonging to St. Mary's Church is under the care of the Ursuline Sisters from Louisville, Kentucky, and gives general satisfaction to its patrons, about 100 pupils being in attendance. St. Patrick's Irish Catholic. — When the Irish and German congregations separated. Father Thomas Burke remained with the former. Succeeding him there have been, in order. Revs. Patrick CITY OF LINCOLN. 445 Dalton, T. P. Hodnett, Joseph Costa, James Tuohy, the present priest. As soon as the division was made, this congregation set to work to prepare a place of worship, and a house was immediately erected at the corner of Eleventh and Union streets, on the lots now occupied by the residence of T. H. Stokes. It was completed in the summer of 1867, and remained at that place until the sum- mer of 1874, when, in order to have it in a more convenient situ- ation, the building was moved to the site on which it now stands, 102 Logan street, between Clinton and Decatur. Here it was thoroughly refitted and finished, having been left in an incomplete condition before. A school-house was also built at the^rear of the church, and the house of a priest on an adjoining lot. The cost of the church and school-room was about $4,000. The priest's resi- dence and the ground on which it stands is worth $2,000. There are 140 families in this parish. The parochial school, founded by Father Costa, is attended by about 150 children. Presbyterian. — Some time about the year 1857 a committee from the Springfield Presbytery, of what was then the Old School Presbyterian church, came to the village of Lincoln to organize a church, but gave up the undertaking because the territory was included in the limits of the Bloomington Presbytery, and [there- fore beyond their jurisdiction. There is no record of any further attempt to occupy this field until May or June, 1866,when a com- mittee from Bloomington Presbytery came down and held a meeting at what was then the Methodist church, now the Presby- terian. At that time there was a dissension in the Congregational church, and, after considering the situation, the committee con- cluded to postpone the effort to organize lest it might be regarded as an attempt to take advantage of the misfortunes of a sister church. In October of the same year another committee from Bloomington Presbytery, Eev. Mr. Conover of Bloomington, Kev. Mr. Love of Lexington, and Elder Alexander Downey of Atlanta, called the few Presbyterians in the city together, and on the 5th of that month organized a church with twenty-seven members whose names follow: Henry Owsley, Oliver Goltra, Yardly Canby, David Gillespie, J. B. McCord, Dr. J. C. Eoss, Jesse Den- man, David M. Pierson, Samuel Miller, Henry T. Stryker, Mrs. Elvira Davidson, Mrs. Annie M. Sims, Mrs. Jane Goltra, Mrs. Mary Montague, Mrs. Mary Pettus, Mrs. Abbie T. Goltra, Mrs. Mary E. Eoss, Mrs. Mary Owsley, Mrs. Maria Denman, Mrs. ^rr ^s 4:46 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Mary Moore, Mrs. Mary G. Ilawley, Mrs. Lizzie H. Miller, Mrs. C. C. Stryker, Mrs. Catherine Pegram, Miss Mary E. Oanby, Miss Kate Owsley and Miss Kate Jordan. The little church had no regular services till March 3, 1867, when Eev. A. J. Layenberger, now of Champaign, was called to the pastoral office. Mr. Layenberger, who was just out of theolog- ical seminary, was a young man of decided talent, and possessed of an energy and enthusiasm which soon put the church in work- ino- order. A few meetings were held in the Methodist church, and then Brewer's Hall, on Pulaski street (since burned), was rented. Here a live Sunday-school was organized, Mr. Layenberger himself acting as superintendent, leading the singing and pushing every detail of the work with a zeal which made light of all obstacles. December 4, 1867, with a membership of about thirty-five, the society bought of the Methodist Episcopal church for §1,500 the church building, parsonage and grounds, which they used until recently. The only aid received was a grant of $500 from the Board of Church Extension. The sum to be paid was a heavy one, but the little society accomplished its undertaking in three or four years. This building is now unused, as in June, 1885, they purchased the Congregational church at a cost of $2,000. Rev. L. P. Crawford, who had been for a number of years pastor of a church at Somonauk, Illinois, was called to this pulpit October 1, 1870. At that time the church had but few, if any, more than forty members, a number which was increased under Mr. Craw- ford's earnest and well-directed labors to about 120. Mr. Crawford remained with the church till January 1, 1878, and then removed to Farmer City. Rev. William Omelvena began his ministry April 28, 1878, and left in November, 1880. Dr. S. T. Wilson was here from September, 1880, to February, 1882. Rev. Albert H. Trick served from June, 1882, to July, 1881, and in October of the last-named year Rev. Alonzo Michael took charge. The membership of the church is not far from 100. The elders are: William Hungerford, Jesse Denman, James Gillespie and David Gillespie; Trustees: Jabez Pierce, Minor David and James Gillespie. The Sunday-school is attended by about seventy -five pupils, and is officered by Jabez Pierce, Superintendent; Minor David, As- sistant Superintendent; Louis Atkins, Secretary. Vniversalist. — The Universalist church was organized during the latter part of the war, among the first members being Nancy CITY OT' LINCOLN. 447 A. Blout, S. Uoten, Charles H. Geer, Mrs. A. li. Miller, Mrs. 0. H. Couch, Chat B. Jackson, Elizabeth Carwin and M. L. Mathes. 0. 0. Brackett was among those who aided in founding and sus- taining the society, but never became a member. Prominent among the earliest and most earnest working members were diaries H. Geer, Sorell Doten, Hiram Wilson, A. H. Miller, Hiram Simon- ton and Mrs. C. B. Shriver. About the close of the war Joseph Ream and wife and D. L. Braucher and wife united themselves with the church. Meetings were held in the Christian church, in Musick's Hall and at other places until the autumn of 1867. The records show that a meeting was held on the Ist day of Septem- ber in that year to make arrangements for completing the furnish- ing of the house and for its dedication. The date fixed upon for that ceremony was Wednesday, September 11, at 2 o'clock p. m., and at that time the church was duly dedicated, the services being conducted by Rev. H. K. Nye, assisted by Rev. D. P. Bunn. At various times before and after this date members were added to the congregation, and among them were Mary Doten, Jane E. Miller, William H. Derby, Mrs. Ruth A. Lacey, Elizabeth Brackett, Mrs. Caroline Wilson, W. S. Chenoweth, S. C. Nash and others. The iirst Board of Trustees chosen consisted of Hiram Wilson, Joseph Ream and Ruth .A. Lacey. Mrs. Lacey resigned and Sorell Doten was elected in her place. D. L. Braucher was chosen Treas- urer and Mrs. H. C. Braucher, Clerk. The first minister was Rev. Mr. Chapin. The next was Rev. A. H. Sweetser, who served until May 3, 1868, when he resigned. In the autumn of that year Rev. Sumner Ellis preached two or three times. No regular services were held until the succeeding January, though Rev, J. M. Garner officiated part of the time. At the date mentioned Rev. N. Crarey and Rev. J. P. Chaplain began a series of meetings, which continued through the month of January and a part of February. Several members were added to the church as the fruits of these efforts. After this Revs. J. M, Garner, W. J. Chaplain and Hudson Chase preached for the con- gregation in the order named. In April Rev. J. P. Chaplain was engaged for pastor for one year and entered upon his work From April, 1870, to February, 1872, there were no regular services. On the 12th of the latter month Rev. Samuel Ashton was engaged for one year, at a salary of $1,500, to preach to the church at Lin- coln and the one at Mt. Pulaski, he allowing the two societies $300 per year for the use of the churches whenever he might see fit to occupy them outside of regular services. r?-. .a ^ 44-8 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. In the autumn of that year a parsonage was built on the grounds adjoining the church. When it was almost completed and ready for occupation it burned to the ground. As there had been no fire about the building the conflagration must have been the work of an incendiary, though no clue to the perpetrator of the outrage has ever been discovered. The work was immediately begun again and the house rebuilt, but the double cost threw the society into debt. The church is a very substantial brick edifice, located at 67 Kickapoo street, and cost, with the parsonage, about $8,000. Kev. Ashton resigned his charge in April, 1873, since which time no pastor has been employed, and but few services have been held since 1874. During 1883 and 1884 Eev. L. G. Powers now of Minneapolis, but then of Chicago, preached here monthly. The Trustees are: S. C. Nash (Chairman), D. L. Brancher (Clerk), Abel H. Miller, Mrs. M. C. Miller and Joseph Ream. Episcopal. — The first movement to organize a parish of the Episcopal denomination in Lincoln was set on foot July 3, 1S71. At this date, a meeting of those interested in the matter was held at the Universalist church on Kickapoo street. Rev. F. M. Gregg, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Springfield, presided over the small assembly, and there were present the following named residents of this city: S. A. Foley, J. A. Niles, William Rhea, Thomas H. Phillips, Charles Moore, George S. Dana, Mrs. J. C. Congdon and Mrs. William B. Mann. An organization was entered into and Stephen A. Foley was chosen Senior Warden; J. A. Niles, Junior Warden; Thomas H. Phillips, William Rhea, Charles Moore and George S. Dana, Vestrymen. The parish was then without a rector until May, 1873, though during this interval of nearly two years occasional services were held by Rev. F. M. Gregg, of Springfield, and on two occasions services were conducted by the Rt.-Rev. Bishop Whitehouse. On the date mentioned, Rev. William Wilson entered upon the duties of the rectorship. The society having as yet no church, Gillett's Hall was secured to be used for church purposes, a temporary chan- cel was ari'anged and the congregation worshiped there until the 12th of the following September. On the 13th of May preceding this last date, ground had been broken for a new church edifice, the one in use at present, and it was now ready for occupation. Not long after this time Rev. Wilson returned East, to the great regret of his parishioners, and Rev. George H. Higgins was next called to the rectorship, entering upon his duties October 1, 1874. CITY OF LINCOLN. 449 Mr. Higgins remained one year, and from October 1, 1875, to May 1, 1877, the parish was without a minister. Occasional services were held by visiting clergymen, but most of the time the church was closed. The Sunday-school, which had been organized at some previous time by Mrs. Foley and Miss Mary Tunnel, was disbanded. Jan- uary 1, 1877, however, it was re-organized by John Scully and the ladies of the church. During Lent of this same year. Rev. Joseph E. Martin, M. A., then rector of St. John's Church, Peoria, held weekly services. May 1, 1877, Mr. Martin became rector of this parish. At this time there were twenty-seven communicants. At the close of one year's ministration his report showed eighty-four communicants. He remained until June, 1881, and then Rev. William "Wilson was here for one year. Rev. J. E. Hall was in charge from the summer of 1882 to November, 1884, since when no rector has been engaged. The church has a membership of seventy-five. The present vestry includes: S. A. Foley (rector's warden), R. N. Lawrance (people's warden), R. B. Latham, John Scully, J. B. Hudson, Henry W. Dana (secretary and treasurer), T. B. Perry and William M. Prince. Dr. R. N. Lawrance is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which is attended by from forty to fifty pupils. African Methodist Episcopal. — Spencer Donnegan came to Lincoln in 1866. At that time there was no church of colored people in Lincoln, nor was there for some three or four years after- ward. He, however, organized a mission in 1866. It was a very small body at first, consisting of but three persons — himself and wife and Mrs. Lucinda Allen. The little mission grew slowly for • some years, for there were not many colored people in Lincoln at that period, and hence there was but little material , out of which to form a church. Mr. Donnegan persevered, however, holding the services of the mission at his dwelling house during about four years. At the expiration of this time, the membership had in- creased from three to twelve, and it was thought expedient to or- ganize the body into a church and procure a house of worship. Ac- cordingly the church was organized at the dwelling house where the meetings had been held. This took place probably in the autumn of the year 1870. Elder A. T. Hall, then of Springfield, was present and directed the erection of a mission into a church. At first the congregation had no house, but by persistent effort the old high school building, located on the corner of Broadway and -f ^^ -^ 450 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Sherman streets, was purchased from the city for $800 and fitted up as a cliurch. Its total cost was $918. A new church was built in 1881, at a cost of about $1,000; but it is not paid for, and the society is financially embarrassed. Elder A. T. Hall and Elder Daniel "Winslow had made occasional visits to the church here, but the first regular minister in charge was Rev. J. "W". H. Jackson, who came at some time in the year 1870. Since his ministration there have been in charge, at various times, Eevs. W. M. Beckley, Charles Holmes, "W. fl. Alexander, E. C. Joiner, J. H. De Pugh, J. B. Dawson, S. M. McDowell and W. J. Davis, the present pastor. The superintendent of the Sunday-school is Albert Dyer. The membership of the society is about sixty. There is also a colored Baptist church organized, but no history of it can be satisfactorily obtained. German Evangelical Lutheran. — Sometime in the year 1869, Rev. I. I. Kerrn, a Lutlieran minister, at that time pastor of a church at Mt. Pulaski, came to the Rothschild school-house in "West Lincoln Township, four miles northwest of Lincoln, to organ- ize a church of his denomination; but, owing to his removal to El Paso, in Woodford County, soon after, he did not affect the or- ganization. Tiie next year, however. Rev. I. T. Boetticher, who had taken his place at Mt. Pulaski, preached at the school-house frequently and in the spring of 1871 formed a church at that place. Some of the members who entered the organization were persons who had belonged to the United Lutheran and Reformed Congre- gation, known as the Evangelical St. John's Church, the history of which has been given; but as they desired to belong to a congre- gation that was wholly Lutlieran, and under charge of a Lutheran • minister, Rev. Boetticher wrote to a friend of his. Rev. H. Meyer, then residing in Hanover, Germany, to come and take charge of the new congregation. He arrived in July, 1871, and on the 19th of that month preached his first sermon at the Rothschild school- house and organized a church with twelve members — Chris Loh- rens, Fred Schroeder, Fred Wittcopf, John Werth, John Bure, Chris. Krueger, W. Krusemark, Ad. Schroeder, Ch. Struebing, H. Jentzen, Cli. Boelk and Charles Jarchow. The young church took the ample name of " The German Evangelical Lutheran Zion's Congregation of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, of "West Lin- coln, Logan County, 111." Chris. Lohrens, Fred. Schroeder and John Bure were chosen trustees. lL^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 451 In compliance with the wishes of many German Lutherans at Lincoln, Eev. Meyer came to the city and held services occasion- ally, first in the school-house in Postville and afterward in Mr. Tibbett's store. Finally, May 15, 1872, a church was organized, consisting of nine members, who were: John Schall, G. Drobisch, P. Ebel, John Feuerbaeher, W. Koeneke, G. T. Wolf, John Schroeder, Mrs. Rosa Feuerbaeher and Mrs. C. Geissler. The name of this church was the same as the other, with the omission of the word " West " before "Lincoln." John Schall, G. Dro- bisch and G. T. Wolf were chosen trustees. The first named of the three was selected as treasurer, and the last as secretary. Not long after the organization of the latter congregation, the two churches were united and it was found necessary to procure a house of worship. The Congregational church at the corner of Kankakee and Pulaski streets being for sale at this time, was pur- chased by them for $3,000 and thoroughly fitted for occupancy, and on the 20th of October they held their first service in that church, which they have used continuously ever since. The next year they purchased an adjoining house and tw) lots from Mr. Andrews to be used by the minister as a parsonage, paying there- fortlie sum of $2,600, and they also erected a neat and commodi- ous school-house on the premises at a cost of about $700. The congregation includes 615 persons, of whom seventy ai-e vot- ing members. The trustees are: August Berger, Chris. Max and Conrad Gehrs; Secretary, J. Feuerbaeher; Treasurer, Adam Bucke; Elders, Chris. Lohrens, Henry Werth, Fred Wittkopf, William Krusemark and John Dahns. The pastor is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has seventy to seventy-five attendants, and teaches the day school, which includes twenty-five to thirty pupils. Hebrew Congregation. — The Hebrews of Lincoln organized a congregation in August, 1884, with eight or ten families, and are now attended by Kev. Gotten, of Bloomington, the first and third Sundays of each month. They rent the dniversalist church. Louis Rosenthal is president of the organization and S. Stern, vice- president. SOCIETIES. Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. <& A. M., was chartered October 7, 1856, the petitioners being Robert B. Latham, Joseph F. Ben- ner, Robert Leslie, Solomon Kahn, John T. Jenkins, S. Roths- child and D. M. Jackson. The lodge now has seventy-two members ^ 4:52 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. and meets at Masonic Hall the first and third Tuesday evenings of each month. The present officers are: Eobert Goebel, Worthy Master; Joseph Schott, Senior Warden; W. S. Tandy, Junior Warden; I. Altman, Treasurer; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Secretary; K. N. Lawrance, Chaplain; H. A. Wallace, Tyler. Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. <& A. M., was chartered October 3, 1866, with fourteen members. The present officers are: James Gillespie, Worthy Master; John Johnson, Senior Warden; Frank Cottle, Junior Warden ; David Gillespie, Senior Deacon; Sam. Evans, Junior Deacon; S. M. Guttery, Secretary; Sam. Stern, Treasurer; Henry Wallace, Tyler. Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, R. A. M., was chartered in October, 1871. There are now about 100 members, and meetings are held the fourth Tuesday evening of each month. The officers for 1886 are: I. Altman, High Priest; M. S. Wilkinson, Scribe; H. S. Stan- cill. King; D. Gillespie, C. of H.; F. S. Selley, Permanent Secretary; Joseph Schott, R. A. C. ; J. Gillespie, M. 3d V.; Levi Forbis, M. 2d V.; Charles Schott, M. 1st Y.; Henry Wallace, Tyler; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Secretary; Sam. Stern, Treasurer. Gonstantine Commandery, No. 51, K. T., was chartered with the following first members: James W. Poindexter, A. Mayfield, James E. Hill, Minor David, Wilbur F. Bromfield, James T. Hoblit, George H. Campbell, Theodore F. La Due, John A. Miles, John T. Boyden, George Skinner, Lewis B. Davis, Charles T. Wil- bur, William E. Seip, E. G. Hudson and Lucian L. Leeds. The commandery has eighty members, and meets the first Thursday evening of each month at Masonic Hall. The officers for 1886 are: M. S. Wilkinson, Eminent Commander; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, General; R. N. Lawrance, Commanding General; T. A. Parker, Prelate; D. Gillespie, Senior Warden; Joseph Schott, Junior Warden; Henry Brown, Treasurer; W. F. Bromfield, Recorder; George I. Harry, St. B. ; James Gillespie, Sw. B.; J. B. Hudson, Warden; Charles Skinner, C. of G. Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, 1. 0. 0. F., was chartered October 17, 1856, the first members being D. H. Cox, James H. Lee, H. P. Kelso, Levi M. Reber and T. J. Haughey. The present officers are: P. H. Hirth, Noble Grand; W. S. Tandy, Vice-Grand; Wm. McMasters, Corresponding Secretary; C. Hoskins, Permanent Sec- retary; Trustees, C. M. Knapp, J. Q. Smith, L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Louis Rosenthal, Adam Denger. The lodge meets Friday at Odd Fellows' Hall. -^^=^y' CITY OF LINCOLN. 453 Mozart Lodge, No. 345, /. 0. 0. Jf^wsLS. chartered October 9, 1867, the first members being J. N. Lipp, Fred. Herkman, George Sechleiter, Felix Kahn, David Auer, Chris. Kerkhoff, John G. Fox, Henry Roach, Gottlieb Zimmerman and E. Myers. The lodge lias fifty-eight members, and meets every Thursday at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are : V. Cherney, Noble Grand ; O. Gans, Vice-Grand ; R. Schweihert, Secretary ; A. Goebel, Treas- urer. Leo W. Myers Post, No. 182, G. A. R., was organized February 6, 1S83, with forty-two charter members. The first officers were : James Hill, Commander; J. B. Paisley, Senior Yice-Commander; J. 0. Wallace, Junior Vice-Commander; Sol. R. Smith, Adjutant; J. Q. Smith, Quartermaster; William J. Petit, Officer of the Day; J. 0. Young, Officer of the Guard ; Jerry Simpson, Chaplain ; 0. H. Norred, Surgeon. Tne present officers are : R. N. Jiawrance, Commander; F. Fisk, Senior Vice-Commander ; R. H. Kinman, Junior Vice-Commander ; Joel B. Paisley, Quartermaster ; J. C. Wallace, Surgeon; Albert Ritter, Chaplain; James Hill, Officer of the Day; J. R. Gillen, Officer of the Guard; J. 0. Hoover, Adju- tant; SoL R. Smith, Sergeant-Major; S. J. Woland, Quartermas- ter-Sergeant. There were forty-two charter members, and forty- two have been mustered by initiation.'or eighty-four in all, of whom sixtv are now active members. The post meets at G. A. R. Hall the first and third Tuesday evenings in each month. Olendower Lodge, No. 45, E. P., was chartered Aug. 11, 1876, the first members being G. F. McAllister, R. B. Fryer, C. M. Cos- sitt, H. G. Mowrer, J. W. Hesser, G. H. Snell, A. M. Hahn, C. H. Newkirk, A. Denger and C. F. Hawkins. The lodge now has about twenty members, and meets the first and third Tuesday even- ings of each month at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are: C. M. Knapp, C. C; A. H. Wiltz, V. C; C W. McMasters, Prelate; R. C. Maxwell, Knight of R. & S.; George D. Corwin, M. of F. and M. ofEx. Oriental Lodge, No. 521, K. of H., was organized March 21, 1877. The present officers are : Vincent Cherney, Dictator; G. W. Webb, Vice-Dictator; S. Stern, Treasurer; M. Greisheim, Re- porter; L. Rosenthal, Finance Reporter. The lodge has forty-one members, and meets the second and fourth Monday evenings of each month. Cooh Lodge, No. 109, A. 0. D. W., was chartered March 20, 1878, with thirty-seven members. The first officers were : T.*" F. -i\ .!-. .^ 454 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. La Due, P. M. W.; C. M. Knapp, M. W.; A. H. Wiltz, Foreman; W. A. Coons, Overseer; George F. McAllister, Recorder; William K Bock, Financier; James Gr. Gillespie, Receiver; E. S. Hnkill, Guide; Levi M. Coons, L W.; Cyrus P. Green, O. W. The lodge has now sixty-five memljers in good standing, and meets the second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are ; John E. Eeed, M. W.; E. D. Shackleford, Foreman; E. B. Maltby, Overseer; A. H. Wiltz, Eecorder; T. P. Joseph, Receiver; W. O. Jones, Financier; George W. Esders, Guide; W. R. Lewis, L W.; Levi Forbis, O. W. Liberty Lodge, No. 294, /. 0. B. B., was organized in 1878, with twenty-two members. There are now twenty members. The present officers are : Sam Stern, President ; S. Rosenthal, Vice-President ; 1. Altman, Secretary ; L. Rosenthal, Treasurer. The lodge meets the first and third Sundays of each mouth. Be- nevolence and charity are the purposes of this organization. Division 1, A. 0. H., was organized April 5, 1881, with twelve members, which number is now increased to seventy. The preseut officers are : John Deiley, Co. Del. ; Walter Birmingham, President; James McNulty, Vice-President; Thomas Holmes, Re- cording Secretary; Henry Bushell, Financial Secretary; Patrick Lynn, Treasurer. The division meets twice a month at Lynn's Hall. Lincoln Camp, JVo. 109, M. W. A., was organized August 24, 1885, with seventeen members. There are now twenty-five mem- bers. The present officers are : Robert Humphrey, Consul ; S. L. Wallace, Adviser; J. H. Heald, Clerk ; H. G. Bramwell, Banker ; R. M. Wilson, Physician ; H. C. Parker, Escort ; E. B. Maltby, Watchman ; E. L. Pegram, Sentry ; J. W. Spellman, F. L. Hutchins and R. N. Lawrance, Managers. The camp meets the second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month at Odd Fellows' hall. There are three temperance organizations well maintained — the W. C. T. U., C. T- U., and Y. W. C. T. U. There are also a num- ber of societies connected with the various churches. BIO&EAPHICAL. Daniel Baldwin was born near Burlington, Boone County, Kentucky, August 27, 1814. His parents, Daniel and Mary Ann (Peek) Baldwin, were natives of Virginia and New Jersey, respect- ively, the former of German and the latter of English descent. CITY OF LINCOLN. 455 He was reared on a farm in his native county, remaining there till 1833, when he came to Illinois. He followed farming in Tazewell County till 1850, when he came to Logan County and settled on a farm in Orvil Township, living there till 1870, when he rented his farm and retired from the active duties of life, and has since lived at Lincoln. He was first married to Hulda Ann Allen, of Logan County, March 10, 1841. She died September 10, 1844, leaving one child, David A., who died October 10, 1844, aged eighteen months. Mr. Baldwin was again married February 12, 1846, to Mrs. Sarah (Reed) Allen, daughter of John Eeed, who came to Logan County in 1827. To this union were born three children — Catherine R., who died January 5, 1854, aged seven years; Mary Francos, wife of James E. Strode, of Nebraska, and Susan C, who died January 2, 1854, aged eighteen months. Mrs. Baldwin had by her former husband, Qbid H. Allen, one child, Ann Eliza, who married Daniel B. Minster. Both are now de- ceased, and from 1862 until 1879 Mr. Baldwin was guardian of their daughter, Sarah A. E. Mr. Baldwin and his wife are mem- bers of the Predestinarian Baptist church of which he has served as deacon about fifteen years, and for at least twenty years has served as moderator. While living in Orvil Township Mr. Bald- win was school director for twenty years, and eight years of that time also served as school trustee. He was also clerk and treasurer of the Board of Highway Commissioners for one term each. He has served as alderman of Lincoln one term. George I. Bergen^ dealer in books, stationery and musical mer- chandise, Lincoln, 111., is a native of Menard County, 111., born in Tallula, July 12, 1859. When he was eight years old his parents, James "W". and Lucretia (Curry) Bergen, moved to Logan County and settled on a farm in Sheridan Township, and when he was twelve years old moved to Mason City. When he was thirteen he began clerking for a news stand in Mason City and was thus employed two years. When seventeen years of age he went to New Holland, Illinois, and was employed as clerk in the store of Burchett & Co. four years. In February, 1881, he came to Lin- coln and was employed as clerk in the book and stationery store of James H.Danley till June, 1885, when he became associated with B. H. Brainard in the book and stationery business under the firm name of George I. Bergen & Co. Mr. Bergen is a young man of good business ability and is building up a good trade. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. He is a charter l^ 456 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. member of the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he has been secretary since its organization in April, 1884. In politics he is a Republican. Refrman BolUn, proprietor of Bollin's Soda and Mineral Water Bottling Works at Lincoln, was born in Eicliland, Sangamon County, Illinois, August 12, 1856, a son of John and Agnes (Schoen- dienst) Bollin. He came with his parents to Logan County in 1865, where he was reared on a farm in the vicinity of Lincoln, remaining at home till he grew to manhood. He was given a com- mon-school education, and began life for himself as a farmer in Chester Township, this county. He came to Lincoln in December, 1881, and the following spring he engaged in the grocery business at this place which he followed till October, 1882, since which he has been engaged in manufacturing soda and mineral waters. He was married at Lincoln, June 3, 1880, to Miss Lena Lower, of Spring- field, Illinois, and of the three children born to them only one, Flora, is living. George and Joseph died in infancy. Mr. Bollin is a member of the Catholic church. His wife is a member of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church at Lincoln. Jacob Bollin, proprietor of Bollin's saloon, Lincoln, was born in Baden, Germany, July 22, 1846. When he was six years old his parents, John and Agnes (Schoendienst) Bollin, came to Amer- ica and settled in Toledo, Ohio, living there till 1855. They then came to Illinois, locating near Berlin, Sangamon County, and from there came to Logan County in the spring of 1865. Jacob Bollin remained with his parents till twenty years of age, when with their consent he engaged in business for himself, opening his pres- ent saloon in Lincoln. He was elected justice of the peace of West Lincoln Township in the spring of 1881, for a term of four years, and was re-elected to the same office in the spring of 1885. September 2, 1869, he was married to Elizabeth Bernritter, of Lin- coln, a native of Germany. They have five children — Minnie, Dora, William, Amelia and Caroline. Mr. Bollin, although reared in the Catholic faith, is an attendant of the Lutheran church, to which church his wife and children belong. In politics he is a Dem- ocrat, and has frequently been a delegate to district and county Democratic conventions. He is a meihber of the Mozart Lodge, No. 345, I. O. 0. F., of which he is deputy. He has passed all the chairs in the subordinate lodge, and has been a representative to the grand lodge of the State of Illinois. He is also a member of Boone Encampment, No. 41, I. O. O. F., of which he has l^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 457 passed all the chairs. He belongs to Oriental Lodge, No. 529, K. of H., and has passed all the chairs of that order. John Bollin, deseased, was born in Baden, Germany, June 24, 1821, and was educated in the public schools of that country, and was reared to the occupation of farming. In 1848 he enlisted in the Kevolutionary war with General Seigel. In 1851 he came to America, landing in New York City, and from there went to To- ledo, Ohio, and settled on a farm. In 1855 he came to Illinois, and lived in New Berlin, Sangamon County, till 1865, when he came to Logan County and settled in West Lincoln Township. In 1877 he retired from farming and moved to the city of Lincoln, where he died July 15, 1881. He was married in 1845 to Agnes Schoen- dienst. To them were born five children — Benjamin, on the old homestead; Jacob, a saloon-keeper of Lincoln; Mary, wife of Anton Homer, of Mt. Pulaski; Herman, manufacturer of mineral waters, and Joseph, who died in infancy. George W. Bowers, of the firm Eckert & Bowers, proprietors of the City Meat Market, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Logan County, born in Atlanta, November 24, 1854, a son of John and Susan (Hays) Bowers. His parents were farmers and he was thus reared, living with them till manhood. He received a good edu- cation, completing it at the Atlanta High School. In 1872 he be- gan butchering at Atlanta, and in 1876 removed to Lincoln, where he was employed by James Huber till 1879, when he went to Chi- cago and worked in the slaughter house of G. F. Swift a year. In 1880 he returned to Lincoln and was employed by Solomon Morris, Frank Hutter and others till September, 1882, when he went to Iowa, but remained only a short time, and on his return became associated with John Eckert, Jr., forming the present firm. They have one of the best markets in the city, their endeavor at all times being to give their customers the best of meat at the lowest prices, and thus they have worked up a good trade, which is constantly in- creasing. Mr. Bowers was married February 6, 1883, to Caro- line Eeither, of Lincoln. They iiave two children — George and Del. John T. Boyden, undertaker, Lincoln, was born near Conway, Franklin County, Massachusetts, September 5, 1849. He was reared on a farm till his fourteenth year, and was educated at a private school at Conway, and at Conway Academy. In his fif- teenth year he was employed as a clerk in the wholesale boot and shoe store of Hixon, Burney & Shaw, at Springfield, Massachu- ^ 458 HiSTOEr OF logan county. setts, for one year, and in 1864 he came to Logan County, Illinois. He located at Lincoln, where he clerked for Aogeson & Smith about six months when he went to McLean, McLean County, Illi- nois, and had charge of the elevator of H. F. Lewis & Co. for six months. He then went to Chicago where he was employed by the same firm as salesman on the Board of Trade for three years. In 1869 he returned to Lincoln and was employed as teller in the pri- vate bank of William F. Dustin for ten years. He then, in 1880, engaged in the undertaking business. In the fall of 1880 he was elected coroner of Logan County, and re-elected in 1882, serving in all four years. He was married at Lincoln, December 25, 1872, to Flora Warner. They have three children — Nellie Edna, George L. and John H. In politics Mr. Boyden is a Republican. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. O. F. He is also a mem- ber of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. M. ; Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, and Constantine Commandery, No. 51. Patrick Casey, proprietor of Casey's saloon, corner of Palaski and Kickapoo streets, Lincoln, is a native of Ireland, born in County Limerick, March 17, 1843. He remained with his parents till twen- tv-five years of age, and in 1868 came to the United States, first lo- cating in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where he remained till 1871. He then went to Lexington, Kentucky, thence to Tensas Parish, Louisiana, from there to Cincinnati, Ohio, and Chicago, Illi- nois. In 1872 he came to Logan County, and located in Elkhart Township, where he engaged in farming and working on the rail- road till 1878. In the latter year he moved to Lincoln and worked in the shaft of the Lincoln Coal Company a year, and in 1879 em- barked in his present business. He has been successful and by economy and strict business integrity now has a competency. He has a residence and business house in Lincoln, and is also a stock- holder in the Citizens' Coal Company. Mr. Casey was married May 11, 1883, by Father Tuohy, to Miss Julia Campion. They are members of the St. Patrick's Catholic Church. He is a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and has served as treas- urer and financial secretiry of the insurance department of the order. In politics he is a Democrat. Rev. James A. Chase. — The subject of this sketch was a native of Southern Kentucky, born in 1822, removed from Kentucky to McLean County, Illinois, in the fall of 1864, and in 1876 removed to Lincoln, Illinois, where he still resides. Mr. Chase is a prom- inent minister of the gospel in the denomination of Christians I'T CITY OF LINCOLN. 459 known as Cumberland Presbyterians. In the spring of 184:4 he was licensed to preach the gospel by Logan Presbytery. At that time his education was quite limited, and though he immediately entered on the important work of the ministry, he determined to pursue his studies in another channel, until he became a good English scholar. During the first eight years of his ministry his work was mostly that of an itinerate, traveling and preaching, from place to place; and in the vernacular of the country, as a cir- cuit rider. As was common with that class of preachers, he carried with him a small portable library, consisting of Bible, hymn-book, and English grammar. During the last twelve years of the resi- dence of Mr. Chase in Kentucky he was pastor of two congre- gations, one of which — Pilot Knob — under his faithful and effective ministration, became a large and prosperous congregation. The prominent traits of Mr. Chase's character stand out in bold relief, in; First, His talent, boldness, zeal and efficiency in the discharge of duty as a minister of the gospel; Second, His patriotism and devotion to his Government and country, dur- ing the trying and dangerous period of the late war. To which we may add a Third, His uncompromising opposition to the traffic in and use of intoxicating drinks. For many years he has owned a good library, and has become well versed in the doctrines, theo- logical and spiritual, of his church. As a pulpit speaker he is bold and fluent; as a sermonizer, kind and persuasive, yet often aggressive when dealing with prominent iniquities, with which so- ciety and the church is cursed. Few men are possessed of more natural ability for oratory, and -many of his discourses have been truly eloquent. As a reasoner he is clear, logical and incisive. Soon after Mr. Chase located in Illinois he organized a congre- gation in the neighborhood of his residence, which, under his fos- tering care, has developed into one of the best in the State, con- sisting of between 400 and 500 members. He spends much of his time in laboring to build up weak congregations, and in holding protracted meetings. Has kept a diary of his latter work, which shows that during the last twelve years of his residence in Ken- tucky he held seventy-seven protracted meetings, and since his residence in Illinois has held eighty-four. Those meetings resulted in a great many accessions to the church. Though the father of Mr. Chase was a proslavery man, and owned a number of slaves, he, from his youth, was opposed to slavery, and when the war of 1861-'5 was inaugurated, he at once espoused the cause of the 29 Asi al 460 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTT. Union, was outspoken in denunciation of secession, and labored steadfastly in the cause of the Government and to sustain the Union. In temperance work he is a pronounced prohibitionist, and in that character of work has done, and is still doing, much. Some of his most eloquent and aggressive discourses ha^e been delivered as a prohibition lecturer. In December, 184:1, Mr. Chase was united in marriage with Miss Susan J. Johnson, a grand- daughter of one of the pioneer ministers of the church. His wife still lives, and has indeed been a helpmeet, sustaining and encouraging him in the arduous ministerial work in which he has been engaged. Mr. Chase is possessed of eminent social qualities. As a member of the judicatures of the church, from the Presby- tery up to the General Assemby, he has been a safe and judicious counsellor and adviser. He is a devoted friend of Lincoln Univer- sity; was its efficient endowing agent in the years 187T and 1878, and is now vice-president of its Board of Trustees. Vmcent Cherney, proprietor of the Tivoli saloon, Lincoln, Illi- nois, is a native of Wisconsin, born near Kellnersville, Manitowoc County, November 16, 1S57, a son of Joseph and Regina Cherney. His parents died when he was young, and he was thrown on his own resources. When about twelve years old he began to learn the cigar-maker's trade at Chicago, but the firm with which he worked failing he went to Springfield, Illinois, and clerked in a bakery and restaurant about four years. In October, 1876, he came to Lincoln and was employed as bar-tender by Richard Ziesler, till the spring of 1879, when he became his employer's successor. He has greatly increased the business, adding to it the retail liquor trade, and now has one of the best stores of the kind in Lincoln. In politics Mr. Cherney is a Democrat. He is a member of Mozart Lodge, No. oiS, and Boone Encampment, No. 41, I. O. O.F., be- ing past noble grand of the former and is now chief patriarch of the latter. He is also a member of Oriental Lodge, No. 529, K. of H., of which he has been dictator two- terms. He was married September 30, 1880, to Katie Scheid, of Lincoln. They have one child — Edward. James Coddington, c^At&iht and dealer in real estate, Lincoln, was born in Warsaw County, Ohio, Aug. 18, 1815, a son of David and Elizabeth (Frazee) Coddington, who were natives of Maryland, of English descent. He was reared a farmer, and remained with his parents till reaching maturity. H-e then began working at the cooper's trade at his native town, Hopkinsville, and vicinity, which «— .V CITY OF LINCOLN. 461 he followed about seven years. He then, in 1843, engaged in the mercantile business at Rossburgh till 1849, when he moved to But- lerville, and there followed the mercantile business till the spring of 1852. He then located in Delavan, Tazewell County, Illinois, and engaged in farming. In October, 1855, having sold his farm, he removed to Logan County, and became associated with T. J. Brown, of Lincoln, dealing in lumber for three years under the firm name of Coddington & Brown. After his partnership was dissolved he began dealing in real estate, which business he has since followed at Lincoln. Mr. Coddington was first married in Warren County, Ohio, August 27, 1841, to Harriet S. Brown. She died September 24, 1872, leaving four children — Chas. E., of Lin- coln; Anna, wife of Mark W. Barrett, of Lincoln, and Bobert B. and David S., both of Dakota. Mr. Coddington was again married. May 20, 1875, to Mrs. Levina Moore, of Lincoln. In 1864 Mr. Coddington, with T. J. Brown and William M. Dustin, drove 100 head of mules and horses overland to California. They were five months on the way, and sold their stock at Sacramento in the spring of 1865. Mr. Coddington has served as mayor of Lincoln one term, and has held the position of councilman several terms. Benjamin F. GomstooTc, proprietor of Comstock's planing mills, was born September 16, 1835, near Perry, Pike County, Illinois, where he was reared on a farm, and received his education in the school of his neighborhood. He was the eldest of three sons of Medab and Mary Ann (Mehaifa) Comstock. His father went to California in 1850 and began working in the gold mines, but was taken sick and died in Sacramento City in 1853. Our subject re- mained with his mother till reaching manhood. He began life for himself as a farmer in Scott County, where he remained till 1862. He then crossed the Rocky Mountains, and was engaged in min- ing in the Virginia, Gold Hills, Silver City and Dayton silver mines till 1865, when he returned to the States, and in ITovember of the same year he located in Logan County on a farm near Lincoln, where he farmed till March, 1868. He then came to Lincoln, and was variously employed till August, 1869, when he began work- ing at the carpenter's trade, which he followed till 1878. In that year he began the manufacture of the Star washing machine, to which he added planing-mill machinery in 1881, and now does a general business of planing, scroll sawing, turning and jobbing. He was married near Bluff City, Scott County, December 19, 1859, to Rebecca Jane Morrison, of Scott County. They have three ^ V •=. sk 508 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. H. Oorwine, of Lincoln. Mr. Parker is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. M., and has served as tyler about seven years. In politics ke voted the Democratic ticket till the election of Abra- ham Lincoln, when he voted the Republican ticket until 1884, since which he has been a Prohibitionist, Arthur Quisenberry was born near Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky, August 29, 1835, the youngest son of Edward Sanford and Lucy (Cator) Quisenberry, who were both natives of Yirginia. They removed from Kentucky in 1835 on account of their opposition to slavery, and came to Illinois, locating at Hittle's Grove, in Tazewell County, where the father followed farming till 1848. He then came with his family to Logan County, the parents living till their death in Eminence Township, the father dying in 1864, aged seventy-eight, and the mother in 1881, aged eighty-four years. They had a family of nineteen children, nine sons and ten danghters, all living tt) maturity. To each of the children was given a farm, and all were farmers or farmers' wives, and all the sons are engaged in farming in Logan County, except the eldest, who is now deceased. Arthur Quisenberry, our subject, lived at home till reaching maturity. He was reared a farmer and received but a common-school education. He began life for himself on a farm in Eminence Township, where he followed agricultural pur- suits till 1875. He then rented his farm and came to Lincoln, virtually retiring from business, but at the same time was engaged in dealing in grain and in carrying on a livery. February 18, 1858, he was married to Polly Burt, of Hittle's Grove, daughter of Miller and China (Henline) Burt, who settled in Tazewell County in 1827. They have three children — Laura, wife of John E. Richards, of Logan County; George H. and Clifford, both of Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs. Quisenberry are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church of Lincoln. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. & A. M. William Patton Randolph, a prominent business man of Lin- coln, was born near Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia, September 9, 1829, a son of James and Nancy Maria (Woodard) Randolph, natives of Yirginia. In 1831 his parents came to Illinois, and settled on a farm in what is now ^tna Township, Logan County, at that time a part of Sangamon County, where he was reared. In his boyhood he attended the district schools, and subsequently the Illinois Wesleyan University, at Bloomington, and McKendree College, at Lebanon, being at the latter, however, but a month, as r .iL*. OITT OF LINCOLN. 509 the death of his father made it necessary for him to return home. In 1855 he completed his education by taking a special course at the Michigan State University, Ann Arbor. In 1857 and 1858 he studied law with David A. Smith, of Jacksonville, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar at Springfield in January, 1859. He lo- cated at Lincoln, and devoted himself to the practice of his pro- fession till 1875, when he moved to a farm in Oran Township and divided his attention between the law and agriculture. In 1885 he rented his farm and returned to Lincoln, and is now devoting part of his time to the grain trade, in which he is associated with his son — Ethelbert 0. Mr. Randolph has been a member of the City Council at Lincoln, and on the organization of the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children was appointed its treasurer by the Joard of Trustees, a position he held six years. In politics he was a mem- ber of the Republican party from the date of its organization till 1884, when he transferred his allegiance to the Prohibition party, and was its candidate for Congress. March 13, 1862, he was married to Deborah, daughter of William B. and Mary (Thomas) Cramer. They have two children — Ethelbert Cramer, a graduate of the Jack- sonville Business College, and Arvesta Frances, a graduate of the Jacksonville Female College. Mr. Randolph and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for years he has been a member of the official board. He was chairman of the build- ing committee when the present church was built in 1872. David Allen JReed, contractor and builder, Lincoln, was born near Felicity, Clermont County, Ohio, June 12, 1840. In his youth he learned the carpenter's trade in his native place, where he worked till 1858. He then accompanied his parents, David A. and Mary Ann (Burton) Reed, to Tike County, Illinois. In 1865 he came to Logan County, and located at Lincoln, where he worked as a journeyman carpenter till 1869, since which he has been en- gaged in contracting. He has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Caroline Gray, of Pike County, Illinois. They were mar- ried at Pittsfield, Illinois, September 12, 1865, Mrs. Reed dying December 12 of the same year. Mr. Reed was again married De- cember 29, 1866, at Griggsville, Pike County, to Miss Ellen Mor- ton, and to this union have been born three children, two still liv- ing — G-eorge Elmer, of Kansas, and Edith Ermie; Eugene died at Lincoln, August 10, 1871, aged three years. In 1880-81 Mr. Reed served as an alderman of the city of Lincoln. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. 510 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Simon Booh, proprietor of Hock's meat market, Lincoln, is a native of Germany, born in Hohenzoller, October 28, 1827. He was left an orphan before he was ten years of age, and was obliged to rely on himself for maintenance, working for farmers and as errand boy in hotels, obtaining his education in the free schools. In 185i he came to the United States, and first located at Williams- port, Pennsylvania, and in December of the same year came to Illinois, and in 1855 located in Logan County, and since the spring of 1856 has been engaged in his present business in Lin- coln. He has been successful, and although a poor man when he came to America, has by his good management and industry ac- cumulated a good property. He owns a pleasant residenc3 on the corner of Pnlaski and Logan streets, and five brick business houses on Pulaski and Sangamon streets. "While Lincoln was a village he served four terms on the Board of Trustees, and the last term was president of the board, and presided over the last meeting of the body. He has served as alderman of the city of Lincoln nine years. He was supervisor of Lincoln Township three years, serv- ing during the great bond suit of the Peoria, Decatur & Evans- ville Railroad vs. Logan County. In politics he is a Democrat. He was married January 21, 1857, at Bloomington, Illinois, by Father Hurley, to Theresa Franck. To them have been born six children — Mary Theresa, died January 13, 186i, aged five years ; Albert Simon, died September 6, 1885, aged twenty-two years and six months; Anna Louisa; Louis Benjamin, died !fTovember 22, 1878, aged eleven years ; Balbine A. and Rosa M. Mr. and Mrs. Rock are members of the St. Mary's Catholic Church of Lincoln. He is one of the original members, and has been one of its most earnest and efficient workers and supporters. Henry JRodgers, Clerk of West Lincoln Township, was born near Plainview, Macoupin County, Illinois, February 17, 1852, a son of James T. and Eliza J. (Squiers) Rodgers, his father a native of North Carolina, of German-Irish ancestry, and his mother a native of Illinois. When he was four years old his parents moved to Logan County, and settled in Lincoln. His father was a brick mason, and he learned the trade of him, and has followed it to the present time, with the exception of two years. He received a com- mon-school education, attending the public school at Lincoln. In the spring of 1881 he was elected clerk of West Lincoln Town- ship, a position he has since held by re-election. He is an efficient, vigilant officer, and has gained the confidence of his fellow towns- OITY OF LINCOLN. 511 men. October 26, 1879, he was married to Miss Sarah Jeffords, of Lincoln. They have three children — Inno, Julius and Ivy. A son, Eugene, died August 11, 1881, aged three months. Louis Ropers, proprietor of the Chicago & Alton House, Lin- coln, Illinois, was born near the village of Harsefeld, Hanover, Germany, March 3, 1842, a son of Louis and Mary (Martens) Eopers. His parents died when he was young, and he was reared by a married sister, living with her till lifteen years of age. He attended the common schools till his fourteenth year, and subse- quently worked for farmers till twenty-one years old, when, in 1863, he came to the United States, arriving in New York City, April 22. He remained in that city, clerking in a grocery store till 1865, when he came to Illinois, and for a short time was em- ployed in a flour and feed commission house in Chicago, and then came to Logan County, and worked six months in the saloon and boarding house of John and Henry Ahrens. In 1866 he went to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and engaged in the saloon business till May, 1868, when he returned to Chicago and worked in a whole- sale and retail grocery till 1869; then came again to Lincoln, but soon after returned to Chicago, and remained till 1874. He then came to Lincoln, and formed a partnership with Henry Ahrens, keeping a saloon and boarding house till 1876, when he established his present house. Mr. Ropers was married in July, 1873, at Eichiield, Wisconsin, to] Dora Friess. They have five children — John, Louis, Henry, Frank and Katie. Mr. Ropers is a member of Mozart Lodge, No. 345, I. O. 0. F. Although a poor young man when he came to America, he has by industry and energy ac- cumulated a good property. Chnrles Eugene Ross was born at Cummington, Macoupin County, Illinois, February 24, 1842, a son of John W. and Harriet A. N. (Shaw) Ross, his father a native of Tennessee, of Scotch and Irish ancestry; his mother, of Cummington, of Puritan descent. When he was five years old his parents removed to Waverly, Mor- gan County, Illinois, and there he was reared to manhood. He was educated at the common schools and later attended the Illinois College at Jacksonville three years, taking a scientific course. At the age of twenty-one he began teaching school which he followed two winters, teaching his last term in the vicinity of Lincoln. In the fall of 1865 he engaged in the grocery business at Lincoln in partnership with his brother, George W. Ross, and William Yates under the firm name of Yates & Ross. In 1868 he went to Busb- 612 HI9T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. nell, where he took charge of a branch store for his firm until 1870. In the meantime, Mr. Yates retiring from the firm, the name was changed to C. E. & E. S. Ross. In 1870 he became sole proprie- tor, since which time he has conducted the business alone at Lin- coln. May 28, 1867, he was married at Hannibal, Missouri, to Lottie A. Snover, daughter of A. G. & S. A. Snover, of that city. To this union have been born three children — Florence, Carl and Howard. His mother finds a home with him. Lieutenant- Colonel John W. 'Ross, of the Thirty-second Illi- nois Infantry, father of C E. Ross, was mortally wounded on the first day of the battle of Shiloh, in a fierce contest which took place between two Illinois regiments, on the left of Hurlbut's di- vision, and Statham's Confederate brigade, led by three chosen Confederate leaders, and is described by General Force, of Cin- cinnati, as follows: "The Forty-First Illinois, constituting the left of Hurlbut's division, held -its position, and the Thirty-second Illinois was moved from its place to support the Forty-first. The after- noon was come. Johnston directed Statham's brigade against this position. Statham deployed under cover of a ridge, facing and commanded by the higher ridge held by the Illinois regiments, and marched in line up the ridge. On reaching the summit, coming into view and range, he was received by a fire that broke his command, and his regiments fell back behind the slope in confusion. Battle's Tennessee regiment on the right alone maintained its position and advanced. Lytle's Tennessee regiment three times rallied and advanced, but, unable to stand the fire, fell back. Every time it fell back the Thirty-second Illinois threw an oblique fire into Battle's regiment, aiding the direct fire of the Forty-first, and preventing Battle's further advance. The Forty-fifth Tennessee could not be urged up the slope. Squads would leave the ranks, run up to a fence, fire and fall back to place. General Breckenridge, foiled and irritated, rode to General John- ston and complained that he had a Tennessee regiment that would not fight. Governor Harris, of Tennessee, who was with Johnston, remonstrated, and riding to the Forty-fifth, appealed to it, but in vain. General Johnston moved to the front of the brigade, now standing in line, rode slowly along the front, promised to lead them himself, and appealed to them to follow. The halting sol- diers were roused to enthusiasm. Johnston, Breckenridge and Governor Harris in front, followed by the brigade, charged up the STv CITY OF LINCOLN. 613 slope and down the hollow beyond. Unchecked by the hot fire of the Illinois regiments, they pushed up to the higher slope and the posi- tion was gained. The Illinois regiments fell back slowly, halting at intervals to turn and fire, and were not pursued. One of those Parthian shots struck General Johnston, cut an artery, and, no surgeon being at hand, he bled to death in a few minutes." A Confederate account by "Wm. Preston Johnston, of the death of his father, the Confederate leader, Albert Sidney Johnston, in the same contest is as follows: " General Johnston was with Statham's brigade, confronting Hurlbut's left, which was behind the crest of a hill, with a depres- sion filled with chaparral in its front. Tlie Confederates held the parallel ridge, in easy musket range, and ' as heavy fire as I ever saw during the war,' says Governor Harris, 'was kept up on both sides for an hour or more.' It was necessary to cross the valley raked by this deadly ambuscade and assail the opposite ridge in order to drive the enemj' from their stronghold. When General Johnston came up and saw the situation he said to his staff: ' They are offering stubborn resistance here, I shall have to put the bay- onet to them.' It was the crisis of the conflict. If his assault were successful their left would be completely turned, and the victory won. He determined to charge. He sent Governor Harris of his staff, to lead a Tennessee regiment; and, after a brief conference with Breckenridge, whom he loved and admired, that ofScer, followed by his staff, appealed to the soldiers. As he en- couraged them with his fine voice and manly bearing. General Johnston rode out in front and slowly down the line. His hat was off. His sword rested in its scabbard. In his right hand he held a little tin cup, the memorial of an incident that had occurred earlier in the day. Passing through a captured camp he had taken this toy, saying: ' Let this be my share of the spoils to-day.' It was this plaything which, holding it between two fingers, he em- ployed more effectively in his natural and simple gesticulation than most men could have used a sword. His presence was full of in- spiration. He sat his thoroughbred bay, ' Fire-eater,' with easy command. His voice was persuasive, encouraging and compelling. His words were few. He said, ' Men, they are stubborn; we must use the bayonet.' When he reached the center of the line he turned. ' I will lead you,' he cried, and moved toward the enemy. The line was already thrilling and trembling with that irresistible ardor which in battle decides the day. With a mighty shout the line T 514 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. moved forward at a charge. A sheet of flame and a mighty roar burst from the Federal stronghold. The Confederate line withered, but there was not an instant's pause. The crest was gained," Colonel Eoss was wounded through both thighs, in the ankle, ia the shoulder, and his left jaw was broken with a fragment of a shell. The retreat ofthe Illinois regiments, made necessary by the giving out of ammunition, left him lying wounded between the lines, the ball which passed through his thighs killing the horse. It was a minie-ball, and the two lines were within thirty yards of each other. The Confederates treated him kindly, one squad of- fering him water, with which he was readily supplied, another squad tying the shattered limb to the one in which the bone was uninjured with a rope, so that in that way he might change his position somewhat. When his position on the hillside seemed to become uncomfortable, they carried him further down the hill to more level ground; before this they had driven bayonets down at his feet to keep him from slipping. A Confederate sur- geon assured him that if he had time he would come back and dress his wounds ; but that they h ad come there to take Pittsburg Landing and that they were going to do it. Some Confederate soldiers had taken the saddle from his dead horse, near 4iim, and had placed it under his head. This the Confederate surgeon took, replacing it with his old saddle, taking also his sword and pistols. He lay upon the field until about i o'clock on Monday, when, the Confederates being driven back, he was taken in an ambulance to the hospital boat Hannibal, where he died on the following Friday morning. The remains were brought to the then family home at Waverly, Illinois, for burial, where they now sleep. The G. A. R. post at that place was named John W. Ross Post in his honor. It shows the desperate character of the fighting which saved the day, and which saved our army from annihilation when these two regiments which had just emerged from the " hornet's nest " and were badly cut up, could hold in check for over an hour six fresh Confederate regiments under the leadership of General Johnston, General Breckenridge and Governor Harris, and that they left the field only when ammunition was exhausted and when overwhelming force was flanking them on the left. Colonel Ross was with his regiment all day and received his fatal wounds only as the regi- ment left its last position for the day, though he had carried the ball in his shoulder and that in his ankle for over half an hour. So in- tense is the excitement of battle that he stated to his sons George l^ OITT OF LINCOLN. 516 and Edward, who were with him, that when struck by a ball the actual pain experienced at the moment was not greater than the sensation experienced by the pricking of a pin. "When found lying helpless in the water, it having rained heavily the night be- fore, and the wounded remaining out all night, he was cheerful to a high degree and hopeful of recovery, but after intense suffer- ing he died on the following Friday morning. Albert Rothschild, Mayor of the City of Lincoln, was born in Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois, December 10, 1850. His parents, Moses and Henrietta Rothschild, were natives of Germany, of Hebrew parentage. He was reared in his native town, remain- ing with his parents till eighteen years of age, and was educated in both the English and German languages, attending the schools of Petersburg and Rohrer's Commercial College, at St. Louis, Mis- souri. From fifteen to eighteen years of age he was employed in the general store of Wright & Bates, at Petersburg, and in 1868 went to Holden, Missouri, and clerked for J. Sternberg a year. In 1869 he was employed by his uncle, S. Rothschild, of St. Louis, in the live-stock business, remaining with him till the spring of 1872, when he came to Lincoln and began buying, feeding, selling and shipping live-stock, a business he has since followed. He was elected mayor of Lincoln in the spring of 1883, and re-elected in 1884 and 1885.' He was married September 19, 1875, to Miss Flora Rosenthal of Lincoln. They have three children — Helen, Fannie and Edna. Mr. Rothschild is a member of the Hebrew Congregation of Lincoln. He is a member of the B'nai Brith, of which he has held the principal offices, and of the Knights of Honor, of which he has passed all the chairs. Joseph Schott, of the firm of Scheid & Schott, tobacconists and manufacturers of cigars, Lincoln, was born in Baden, Germany, October 4, 1860. His mother died when he was an infant, and at the age of eleven years he came to the United States with his brother Charles, and lived at the house of his uncle, S. Rethaber, at Lincoln. He attended the schools of his native country, com- pleting his education at the Lincoln schools. In 1873 he began to learn the barber's trade with Martin Denger, with whom he re- mained till 1875. He then went to Taylorville, Illinois, where he carried on a barber shop till 1877, when he returned to Lincoln and worked at his trade till 1883. He was then employed as a clerk in the cigar and tobacco store of Scheid & Rethaber till July, 1884, when he became associated with F. C. Scheid in his present busi- ^ ai| i I te 616 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. ness under the firm name of Scheid & Schott. Mr. Schott ig a Master, Eoyal Arch and Knight Templar Mason, a member of the lodge, chapter and commandery at Lincoln, and has served as sword-bearer in the commandery two years. George Christian Schreiber, general merchant and jeweler, of Lincoln, was born in Schmalkalden, Germany, June 29, 1839. He was reared to manhood in his native town, and there received a high-school education. His father, Andrew Frederick Schreiber, and also his grandfather, were jewelers, and he at the age of fifteen years began learning the same business. He came to America in 1860, first locating at Olean, New York, where he engaged in- watch repairing, remaining there till March, 1861. He then ac- cepted a situation as watchmaker at Mitchell, Canada West. In the spring of 1865 he left Mitchell for Rockport, New York, where he became associated with Dr. Henry Olin in the drug business, and after selling his interest in the drug store in 1866, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he was engaged as watch-maker for the firm of A.&J. Gardner. In June, 1867, he left St. Louis and came to Lincoln, Illinois, where he opened a jeweler's store, and during the fii-st two years he made three watches with the excep- tion of the eases, thus establishing his reputation as a practical watchmaker. In 1872 he built a store on Pulaski street, where be added toys and notions to his jewelry business, and soon after added sewing machines and musical instruments. In 1878 he discontinued the sale of machines and musical instruments and, in connection with his jewelry trade, began dealing in clothing and dry goods, which business he has since successfully followed. He was married by the Rev. J. G. Little, April 16, 1871, to Anna A. Uhler, daughter of Martin Uhler, of Lincoln. They have two children — Solon Christian and Ralph George. In politics Mr. Schreiber afliliates with the Republican party. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. & A. M. Reinhold Schweihert^ of the firm of Sheer & Schweikert, wagon manufacturers, Lincoln, is a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born January 12, 1848, living there till his nineteenth year. He attended the common schools till sixteen years of age, when he began to learn the blacksmith's trade. He immigrated to the United States in 1867, and on his arrival started for Logan County, Illinois, lo- cating at Postville, now a part of Lincoln. He worked as jour- neyman till January, 1882, for John Sheer. Mr. Sheer dying in 1882, he became associated in the business with Mrs. Sheer, thus r *■ •<* CITY OF LINCOLN. 517 forming the present firm of Sheer & Schweikert. They manufact- ure carriages and wagons for the local trade, employing annually from ten to fifteen hands. December 26, 1870, Mr. Schweikert was married to Miss Carrie Smith, of Lincoln. To this union have been born two children — Flora and Ida. Mr. Schweikert was reared in the faith of the Roman Catholic church. He is a member of Mozart Lodge, No. 345, I. O. O. F., of which he has been secre- tary for the past seven yeai's. He is also a member of Cook Lodge, No. 109, A. O. U. W. John Snyder Small, proprietor of the Spitly House, Lincoln, is a native of Virginia, born at Harper's Ferry,' May 3, 182i. His mother having died, became with his father to Ohio in the fall of 1831 and settled at Clarksburg, and afterward lived in Pickaway and Madison counties. His father being a tailor by occupation, he learned the same trade. In 1846 he engaged in tailoring, car- rying on a shop at Midway, Ohio, till 1854, when he came to Lin- coln and continued tailoring, being associated with his brother, D. "W. Small, till 1858. He then opened a restaurant at Lincoln, which he carried on till 1870, when he engaged in the hotel busi- ness. He was burned out in 1871, after which he ran a boarding house till 1873, when he began again in the hotel business, which he has since followed. May 24, 1848, he was married at Midway, Ohio, to Sarah Ann Miller, of that place. They have had thirteen children born to them, of whom nine are living — Martena K., wife of T. A. Ruddy, of Petersburg, Illinois; Orlandas M., of Peters- burg; Ida Belle, wife of John Horney, of Logan County; Charles W., clerking in the Spitly House; Hetty Jane, John Harry, Emma Miller, Sarah Frances and Maud May, all living at home. Maria C. married H. C. Philbrick and died November 7, 1877, aged ■ twenty-seven years. Mary Florence died February 18, 1857; 'Dickey died November 14, 1865, aged three years, and Freddie died March 24, 1863, aged one month. Charles William Small, clerk of the Spitly House, was born in Lincoln, December 6, 1859, the second of five sons of John S. and Sarah A. (Miller) Small. He was reared in his native place, and educated in the Lincoln High School. "When quite young he began learning the printer's trade, but at the age of sixteen abandoned it. He was then employed in the dry-goods store of John A. Lutz at Lincoln a short time, after which he clerked in his father's hotel several months. . He then clerked in the store of Kay Hovey till 1877, when he again clerked in the hotel till 1881. He was then 518 HI6T0EY OF LOGAN OOUNTr. employed for a short time as manager of a confectioner's store, when he resigned and accepted a position with C. B. Laning & Coat, Petersburg, Illinois, being with this firm eighteen months, and in 1884 accepted his present position. He was married at Lincoln to Eliza J., daughter of Washington and Amanda (Simong- ton) "Walker, of this place. She died August 31, 1885, aged over twenty-three years, leaving one child, Mary La Grace. Mr. Small is a member of the First Baptist Church of Lincoln, and is secretary of the Sabbath-school. His wife was also a member of the same church. Jeremiah Simpson, contractor and builder, of the firm of J. Simpson &, Son, Lincoln, Illinois, was born in Trenton, New Jersey, July 1, 1817. When he was three years old his par- ents removed to Utica, New York, and from there when he was fifteen to Halseyville, where he lived with them till twenty years of age, when he went to Lodi, and learned the carpenter's trade. From 1840 till 1845 he worked at his trade in Detroit, Michigan, and subsequently at Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Indianapolis and Hop- kinsville, Ohio, till 1861, when he enlisted in the wir of the Kebellion in Company I, Fourth Ohio Cavalry, for three years, but was hoporably discharged in March, 1863, on account of disability caused by his horse falling while in an engagement at Yienna, Alabama. The following is an extract from a document written by his commanding officer, which speaks highly of his merits as a sol- dier. ' ' I am sorry his health is such that he cannot return to us. His courage and patriotism while with us won the friendship of all that knew him in the company. We miss him ; he was emi- nently a good soldier and non-commissioned officer. He has lost . his health in the defense of his country, and his Government ought to remember him. He has stood by me in danger, never shrinking from duty, always seeking the front. The Government owes to him personally the capture of all we got at Huntsville, at least $1,000,000. The sergeant was one of the advance guards, and, mounted on a fleet horse, pursued the mail carrier for miles after all others gave out, captured him and the mail, thus keeping from Huntsville the intelligence of the approach of General Mitchell's forces; hence we took the place by surprise completely on the morning of the 11th of April, 1863. From that time until the capt- FA CITY OF X-INCOLN. 519 lire he was almost constantly in the saddle, scouting and skirmish- ing with the enemy. I am yours obediently, " John C Stewart, '' First-Lieutenant Commanding Company I, Fourth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry. " The above statement is true. " Captain F. Zimmerman, " Company K^ Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. "Army of the Cumberland, Camp Stanley, Tennessee, April 19, 1863." After his discharge Mr. Simpson worked at his trade at Hop- kinsville, Ohio, until 1864, when he came to Logan County, Illi- nois, and settled at Lincoln, where he has since followed contract- ing and building. June 14, 1849, he was married at Cincinnati, Ohio, to Sarah Hopkins, of Staunton, Virginia. They have five children — Robert H., of Canton, Illinois; John A., in business with his father; Charles A., Anna M. and Douglas C. Politically Mr. Simpson is a Prohibitionist. He is a member of the Christian church and the Temple of Honor, and has been treasurer of the latter several years. John Albert Simpson, the second son of Jeremiah and Sarah D. (Hopkins) Simpson, was born in Rochester, Michigan, May 30, 1852. He was reared in Ohio and Illinois, accompanying his par- ents to Lincoln in October, 1864. When eighteen years of age he began to work at the carpenter's trade with his father, andhas since, with the exception of a year spent in Chicago, been associated with him in business. June 15, 1876, he was married at Lincoln to Amy A. Stewart. They have , three children — Sylvester A., Myra L. and Julia K. Mr. Simpson and his wife are members of the Christian church, of which he is a deacon and trustee. In poli- ties he is a Prohibitionist. John Q. Smith, Jr., merchant tailor of Lincoln, was born near' Warren, Mahoning County, Ohio, April 14, 1846, a son of John and Elizabeth (Routsawn) Smith, both natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Irish and the latter of French descent. When six years old he went with his parents to the western part of Ohio, they set- tling at Greenville, where he was reared. In his fifteenth year he was apprenticed to learn the tailor's trade, and after serving his apprenticeship he worked as a journeyman in Ohio till August, 1864. He then enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Fifty- second Ohio Infantry, as a private, to serve one year. He was dis- 3 'V liL 520 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. charged with his regiment at the expiration of his term of service, after which he came to Illinois and located in Springiield, where he was employed as cutter in the clothing establishment of J. D. Weldon till August, 1866. He then came to Lincoln and engaged in the tailoring business. He was burned out in 1872, after which he traveled for the wholesale clothing house of J. E. Hick & Co., of Philadelphia, for two years. In 1874 he located at Yirginia, Illinois, where he was engaged in merchant tailoring till the fol- lowing spring when he sold out and came to Lincoln and for the fol- lowing six years was employed by I. Altman as journeyman tailor, and in November, 1881, he engaged in his present business. He was married at Lincoln, October 21, 1866, by Rev. Preston Wood, to Miss Martha C. Busher, daughter of John Busher, one of the old- est residents of Springfield, Illinois. They have three children — Oliver C, Claudie May and "Walter Emerson. In the spring of 1884 Mr. Smith was elected a member of the City Council of Lin- coln for a term of two years. He is chairman of several commit- tees, and is a member of the Board of Health of Lincoln. He is president of the Central Illinois Beekeepers' Association, and is also president of the Lincoln Gun Club, which was formed for the protection of game and fish, and for the enforcement of the State game law. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. 0. F., and has filled all the chairs of that order. He also belongs to Boone Encampment, No. 41, I. O. O. F., of which he has passed all the chairs, and has been a representative of the Grand En- campment of the State of Illinois. John William Spellman, of the firm of Moloney, Spellman & Co., dealers in grain and lumber at Lincoln, is a native of Lock- port, Illinois, born May 31, 1846, a son of Martin and Margaret (Sheehan) Spellman. When he was five years old his father died, and at the age of fifteen years he lost his mother. He was reared in his native place, attending school till he was twelve years of age. At that age he began to maintain himself by working on farms and in a stave factory, till he was eighteen years old, after which he attended a private school at Joliet two years, taught by Mrs. Eliza Grover. He then, in 1866, came to Lincoln and was employed in the Elliott Flouring Mills until 1871, and during that time took a commercial course at a night school. In 1871 he went to Charles City, Iowa, and worked on a farm in that vicinity till 1872, when, after visiting in Lincoln three months, he went to Nuckolls County, Nebraska, and engaged in farming and stock r CITY OP LINCOLN. 521 raising near ISIelson till the fall of 1873. He then returned to Logan County and followed farming and stock-raising near Lin- coln till 1879, when he was employed to purchase grain for the firm of Milans, Booth & Co. at Beason. After serving in that ca- pacity several mouths he was transferred by the same company to their office at Lincoln, remaining with them and their successors until December, 1883, when he, in connection with J. M. Moloney, purchased the business, when the present firm of Moloney, Spell- man & Co. was formed. Mr. Spellman was married March 6, 1872, to Ella Congdon, daughter of James and Susan (Smith) Congdon, who at that time were residents of Lincoln. They have two chil- dren — Jessie L. and John W. Mr. Spellman is a Master and Royal Arch Mason, a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, and Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, and has held the position of worshipful master of his lodge for four years. He also belongs to the order of Modern Woodmen of America at Lincoln. Hiram Stout Stansell, agent at the Champaign & Havana Rail- road ,at Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Illinois, born at Mount Palatine, Putnam County, December 14, 1856, a son of Isaac M. and Elizabeth H. (Stout) Stansell, natives of Ohio, of G-ermaa ancestry. He lived on a farm till eighteen years of age, and then went to Detroit, Michigan, where he was employed as bill clerk in a commission house a year. He then returned to the homestead and remained till 1877, when he went to Dana, La Salle County, and learned telegraphy in the office of the Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern Railroad Company. In 1878 he was employed by the company as agent and operator of their office at Kinsman, Grundy County, and six months later was appointed on special duty by the same road and the Chicago & Paducah. In 1879 he was appointed agent and operator at Burr Oak, and eight months later was promoted to the larger station at Hammond, Piatt County, Illinois. In 1880 he was promoted to the station at Gib- son City, Ford County, and in August, 1882, was transferred to the office at Lincoln, first as agent for the Wabash, and then for its successor, the Champaign & Havana line. March 9, 1882, Mr. Stansell was married at Gibson City to Leora Belle, daughter of W. A. and L. E. (Smith) "Westrope. They have one child— Ro- setta. In politics Mr. Stansell is a Democrat. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, lodge and chapter, and has been scribe of the latter two years. John St. Cerny, proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, Lincoln, 1 -v 522 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Illinois, is a native of Canada, bora April 5, 1852, a son of John Baptiste and Emily (St. Jean) St. Cerny. He was educated in a private school at L' Assomption, and also took an English com- mercial course at Koddon. In 1867 he went to Montreal and served as an apprentice in a dry-goods store, and in 1870 was employed as clerk by La More & La Belle. He subsequently came to Illinois, and from 1871 till 1874 was employed in the res- taurant of Gilbert La Berge, when he went to Green Bay, "Wiscon- sin, and clerked in the wholesale liquor store of Phil. Lawrence. In December, 1876, he came to Lincoln and was employed as clerk of the Lincoln House till 1879, when he opened a billiard hall, to which, in 1881, he added a saloon. In 1882 he became proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, where he is doing a good business, and has built up a large trade, being a popular and attentive host. He was married July 5, 1878, in the Hyde Park Catholic church, near Chicago, by Father Tye, to Kate C. Penfold. They have three children — John Joseph, James Henry, and Onisemi Lavalsie Edward. , Mr. and Mrs. St. Cerny are members of St. Patrick's Catholic Church. John Switzer, contractor and builder, Lincoln, was born near York, York County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1831, and is the fourth of five sons of Samuel and Susan (Lower) Switzer, who are both natives of I'ennsylvania, and of German descent. Our sub- ject was reared in his native county, and in his youth learned the carpenter's trade. After reaching his majority he left his home and came to Illinois, locating first at Danvers, McLean County, where he remained till 1860. He then came to Lincoln, Logan County, and has since been engaged in contracting and building. He has built many of the business blocks and residences of this place, beside many buildings in the county adjoining Lincoln. He has been twice married, his first wife being Sarah Jane Webster, of Lincoln, whom he married January 16, 1865; she died August 19, 1878, leaving three children — Fannie, Bertie and Olive; the latter died in 1879, aged three and a half years. June 9, 1881, Mr. Switzer was again married, to Mrs. M. L. Gilchrist, of Lincoln. Mr. Switzer is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A.M. William Henry Traner, son of John and Millie (Hall) Traner, was born July 24:, 1836, in Morgan County, Ohio, where he was reared on a farm. His father was born on the ocean, while his parents were coming to America, and was of Irish descent, and his CITY OF LINCOLN. 523 mother, who was of French descent, was a native of Ohio. He remained with his parents till reaching maturity, and received his education in the public schools of his native town, and later at- tended the McOonnellsville High School, and the high school at Hopesdale. He began life for himself as a teacher, in 1856, teach- ing one winter term in Ohio. In the spring of 1857 he came to Illinois, and taught in Pike County till 1862, when he engaged in farming near Pittsfield of the same county. In 1865 he came to Logan County, and located on a farm in the vicinity of Lincoln, and in connection with his farming taught school for two terms. He rented his farm and became a resident of Lincoln in 1884, where he has since made his home. He was married April 22, 1857, to Margaret Coulter, daughter of John and Ann (Keys) Coulter, of near Pittsfield. They have four children — Belle, Gracie, Maggie and Bessie. Mr. Traner has served two terms as assessor for Chester Township, and collector of the same township for two terms, and was one of the school officers for several years. In his political views he is a Democrat. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 480, A. F. & A. M., Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, E. A. M., and of Constantino Commandery, No. 51, K. T., of Lincoln. Bev. James Tuoky, the present rector of St. Patrick's Catholic Church, Lincoln, was born June 11, 1836, in County Clare, Ire- land. When quite young he attended the Killaloe Classical Acad- emy, which was conducted by his father. In the fall of 1854 he left his native land with the intention of studying for the priest- hood in the seminary of St. Sulpice, at Baltimore, Maryland. After completing his philosophical and theological studies he was ordained priest December 12, 1858, in St. Joseph's Cathedral at Buffalo, New York, by the Bight-Eeverend John Timon, D. D., at that time Bishop of Buffalo. After spending several years in missionary work in Western New York he came, in 1875, to Illi- nois, and took charge of the Catholic church at Macomb, Mc- Donough County, and, in September, 1877, he was appointed rector of St. Patrick's Chnrch, at Lincoln. December 12, 1883, Father Tuohy celebrated his silver jubilee, or the twenty-fifth anni- versary of his ordination to the priesthood. On that auspicious occasion he was the recipient of an address and several valuable presents from the members of his congregation. Darlington Turvboli was born September 14, 1826, in Chester County, Pennsylvania. In 1833 his parents moved to Washing- 33 *» ^ • 524 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. ton County, Marylaud, locating in the town of Hancock; in 1836 he moved to Clear Spring, in the same county, where he lived with them, attending school until the year, 1846, when he engaged in the boot and shoe business, and continued the same until 1854. In 1848 he was married to Susan Hore, born in Hagerstown, Mary- land, October 26, 1828. In 1855 he moved to Illinois, locating in Decatur, and in 1856 engaged in the hotel business in said town; sold out in 1865, and in 1866 removed to Pana, Illinois, built the hotel known as the St. James, and opened it to the public in 1867. In 1868 he became connected with the National Gas Works Build- ing Company, of St. Louis, Missouri, being one of its originators, and engaged in building and operating gas works. He was con- nected with the building of the gas works in Oarlinville, Lincoln, Kankakee, and Elgin Asylum in Illinois; Jackson and Brownsville, in Tennessee; Lincoln, Nebraska; Oskaloosa, Iowa; Marshall, Michigan, while connected with said building company. In 1873 he purchased the Lincoln, Illinois, Gas Works, and moved to Lincoln and took possession of the same. In 1874 he withdrew from the National Building Company, and in 1874-'75 built the works in Men- dota and Princeton, Illinois, and purchased the works at Kanka- kee, Illinois. Reverses in business brought changes, and the re- sult was in 1881 he became the superintendent of the gas works at Lincoln, Illinois, owned by S. A. Foley, which has since become the property of the Gas and Electric Light Company. He still continues as superintendent. Of the eleven children born to his union with Susan Hore seven are living — Clara M., wife of W. E. Hayward, of Pana, Illinois; Grace A., wife of T. T. Beach, an at- torney of Lincoln; Sarah J., married W. E. Seip, of Bloomington, Illinois; Susan M., married T. A. Rosebrugh, of Pana; H. Amelia, unmarried, living at Pana; Richard D., attending school at Or- chard Lake, Michigan; and Zora F., an invalid at home. Remington K. Webster, a retired merchant of Lincoln, was born in Washington County, Rhode Island, April 23, 1810, the youngest son of Jonathan and Dorcas (Moore) Webster. He received a common-school education, and worked on the farm till eighteen years of age. He then commenced learning the machinist's trade in South Scituate, Rhode Island, serving an apprenticeship of two years. After following his trade five or six years he engaged in the mercantile business at Providence, Rhode Island, where he remained till 1844. He then came to Log&n County, Illinois, and engaged in farming in Eminence Township. In 1854 he moved to \^ CITY OF LINCOLN. 625 the village of Lawndale, where he carried on the mercantile business till 1856, when he followed the same business in Lin- coln till 1880. He then sold out to his eldest sons and lived retired till 1883, when in November of that year he moved to Gowrie, Iowa, and engaged in general merchandising. In the spring of 1885 he sold his business to his second son and returned to Lincoln, his son coming with him with his stock of goods, where he has since carried on the business. Mr. Webster was married in 1833, at Woonsocket Falls, Ehode Island, to Sarah Austin, of that place. Of the eight children born to them three are living — Mary E.,wife of Carl Thomas; Edward D., a merchautof Lincoln; Remington K., Jr., a merchant of Lincoln. Those deceased are — James Andrew, Francis Marion, Daniel, Sarah Jane and one unnamed. In politics Mr. Webster is independent. ■ Remington K. 'Webster^ Jr., is a native of Logan County, Illi- nois, born in Eminence Township, January 5, 1850, the second of five sons of Remington K. and Sarah (Austin) Webster, his parents being natives of Rhode Island, and of English descent. Our subject was educated in the Lincoln High School, after which he clerked in his father's store till his eighteenth year. He then clerked in the clothing house of Livingstone & G-riesheim six months, when he was engaged in clerking in the store of his brother, E. D. Webster, till December, 1871. After traveling through the West six months he returned to Chenoa, 111., where he clerked in a boot and shoe house seven months. Returning to Lincoln he clerked in various stores till 1876, when he went to Pontiac, Illinois, where he had charge of some of his father's busi- ness interests till February, 1878. He again returned to Lincoln and clerked for his brother till 1881, when he was employed in the same capacity by Piles & Calais, dealers in farm implements, till February, 1884. He then went to Gowrie, Iowa, and took charge of a large tract of land belonging to his father. In the spring of 1885 he purchased his father's stock of general merchandise at Gowrie, which he removed to Lincoln, where he has been engaged in business since July, 1885. He was married February 15, 1877, to Lydia Griffin, of Lincoln. Three children have been born to them— Hallie May, Lulu, and Henry R., who died May 10, 1879, aged three months. Mrs. Webster's parents, John and Mary Griffin, were natives of Ireland. In politics Mr. Webster afliliates with the Republican party. George Washington Williams, engineer at the Citizens' Coal wr 526 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. Shaft, Lincoln, Illinois, was born at Lexington, JS'orth Carolina, June 10, 1840, a son of James and Catherine (Wagner) Williams, his father a native of Virginia, of Welsh descent, and his mother of North Carolina, of German descent. He began to work for his own maintenance when fourteen years of age, having prior to that time attended the subscription schools. From 1858 till 1861 he was fireman on the North Carolina State Railroad, and in August of the latter year enlisted in the Confederate service, in Company B, Fourteenth North Carolina Infantry, Jackson's Corps, General Lee's army. He served till July 3, 1864, when he was discharged and came North and lived at Champaign, near Spring Hill, Ohio, till October, 1866, when he came to Logan County, Illinois, and lived in Atlanta till the following spring, when he removed to Lincoln, where he has since lived. From January, 1868, till August, 1882, he was engineer at the Lincoln Coal Mining Com- pany's shaft, and since then has been employed in his present posi- tion. Mr. Williams was married August 23, 1865, to Rachel Terrell, of Spring Hill, Ohio. They have ten children — Freeman H., Charles W. H., James F. N., Sarah Catherine, Wilhelmina C, Georgia Ellen, Joseph E., R. E. Lee, George Harry and Rachel E. Travis E. died June 16, 1868, aged three years, and George S., August 20, 1877, aged sixteen months. Politically Mr. Williams is independent. In 1880 he was elected alderman of Lincoln, to till a vacancy, and in 1881 was elected for a term of two years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Lincoln Lodge, No. 210; of the Odd Fellows order, Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, and also of Cook Lodge, No. 109, A. O. U. W. Edward Emanuel Wodetzki, dealer in paints and wall-paper, Lincoln, is a native of Logan County, born July 20, 1848, a son of Edward L. and Josephine (Davis) Wodetzki, his father a native of Poland and his mother of Maryland, of English descent. He remained on the farm with his parents till twenty-two years of age and in 1870 came to Lincoln and entered the employ of George M. Seick, and in 1871 a partnership was formed under the name of Seick Brothers & Co., consisting of G. M. and John Seick and Mr. W odetzki. Three years later the firm changed to Seick & Wodetzki, and in 1875 Mr. Wodetzki sold his interest to Seick & Denny, but in 1876 again engaged in business, and has now a good trade, which is constantly increasing. Mr. Wodetzki was married in August, 1870, to Susan Anderson, who died in April, 1871. July CITY OF LINCOLN. 627 12, 1883, he married Annie Simpson. They have one child — Clifford. In polities Mr. Wodetzki is a Democrat. Wilford Eugene Wyatt was born at White Hall, Greene County, Illinois, April 4, 1851, the second of four sons of John and Sarah ("Wyatt) Wyatt. He was seven years old when his parents moved to Logan County, and his education was obtained in the city schools and Lincoln University. When nineteen years of age he began dealing in live-stock at Westport, Jackson County, Mis- souri, in the vicinity of Kansas City, which he continued but a short time and then began teaching school at Connor's, Wyandotte County, Kansas. In May, 187i, he returned to Lincoln and from 1874 till 1876 was principal of the Third Ward School. He has taught four terms in District No. 5 and three terms in District No. 6, West Lincoln Township, and two terms in District No. 3, East Lincoln Township. In 1872 Mr. Wyatt served thirty-eight days on the Grand Jury at Springfield. In 1885 he was depaty assessor of East Lincoln, under Deputy Edward Spellman. December 23, 1873, he was married at Paoli, Kansas, to Flora E., daughter of Dr. T. White. They have five children — Hose Maud, Eugene Clifford, Alberta, Wilford Harold and Flora Ethel. Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of Cook Lodge, No. 109, A. O. U. W., of which he is past master workman, having served as master two years, and has also been lodge deputy one year. William Albert Wyatt, farmer and dealer in real estate, is a native of Illinois, born at White Hall, Greene County, June 22, 1849, a son of John and Sarah M. ^Wyatt) Wyatt, natives of Illi- nois, of English and Welsh descent. His parents came to Logan County in 1859 and settled in Lincoln, where the mother died in 1869 and the father in 1877. He was ediicated in the common schools of Lincoln and the Lincoln University. He remained with his parents till manhood, and until the death of his father was associated with him in business. After the death of his father he began to speculate in city property and farming lands of Logan County, and was also employed to sell property for his uncles, Kobert B. Latham and John Wyatt. In 1879 he also engaged in farming, which he continued till making preparations to move West. In April, 1878, he was married at McLean's Sta- tion, to Mary Pullen, daughter of the late Elias PuUen, of Mason County, Illinois. ■f 628 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Bev. Bernard BaaJc, at present rector of St. Mary's Catholic Church, Lincoln, Illinois, is the son of Bernard and Elizabeth (Brinkhaus) Baak, and was born the 15th of March, 1836, in Dar- feld, Westphalia, Germany. He received his education at War- endorf, near Munster, Westphalia, and also at St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he was ordained priest on the 18th of December, 1869. Shortly after his ordination he was sent as assistant pastor to St. Francis' Church, Chicago, Illinois, where he remained three years. In 1872 he took charge of St. Joseph's Church, Peoria, Illinois. The present new St. Joseph's Church, which is an ornament to the city of Peoria, was erected by him. He founded there also St. Francis' Hospital. After laboring in Peoria twelve years he was transferred in 1884 to his present charge at Lincoln, Illinois. CHAPTER XVII. ^TNA TOWNSHIP. Geo&eaphioal Description. — List of Township Officials, 1867-'85. — Statistics . — Political. — Chestnut. — Methodist Episcopal GhUKCH. — BlOGEAPHIOAL. iEtna Township lies southeast of Lincoln and northeast of Mt. Pulaski. It is in the eastern tier of townships and is bounded as follows: On the north by Oran Township, on the east by De "Witt County, on the south by Laenna Township and on the west by Chester Township. It contains nearly thirty-six square miles, all the sections being full except the western tier. It is drained by Salt Creek, flowing southwest and then west. Following are the officers of the township each year since organization: TOWNSHIP OFFICEES, 1867-'85. 1867— Supervisor, Joshua Dunnock;, Clerk, Henry A. Hough; Assessor, S. B. Squires; Collector, M. R. Hall; Highway Com- missioners, J. H. Regan, S. F. Safly and T. Fletcher; Justices, J. H. Regan and R. D. Perry; Constables, A. T. Blake and "William Stewart. 1S68— Supervisor, Joshua Dunnock; Clerk, David C. Lincoln; Assessor, John Farris; Collector, M. R. Hall; Highway Commis- sioner, W. F. Bowles, Jr.; Constable, Josiah Coppenbarger. 1869— Supervisor, Joshua Dunnock; Clerk, Edward Gibson; Assessor, David C. Lincoln; Collector, John Farris; Highway Commissioners, George Harcourt and Andrew Johnston; Justice, "W. T. Randolph; Constables, John Clark and James Randolph. 1870— Supervisor, I. R. Braucher; Clerk, James Parks; As- sessor, D. M. Lincoln; Collector, T. H. Douglas; Highway.Com- missioners, Andrew Johnston and Marsh Lincoln; Justices, "W. H. Daniels and Andrew Johnston; Constables, J. C. Clark and John Evans. 1871— Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, Edward Gibson; Assessor, John S. Clark; Collector, Thomas H. Douglas; High- way Commissioner, Z. R. Humphrey. (539) _J » 'i. 530 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1872 — Superv^isor, Eichard F. Ayers; Clerk, Edward G-ibson; Assessor, D. M. Lin;coln; Collector, T. H. Douglas; Highway Com- missioner, George Harconrt. 1873— Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, G. A. Lakin; As- sessor, D. M. Lincoln; Collector, J. H. Keys; Highway Commis- sioner, Andrew Johnston; Justices, W. H. Daniels and S. F. Safly; Constables, Noah P. Hall and Edward Gibson. 1874 — Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, George "W". Har- conrt; Assessor, M. R.Hall; Collector, Philander Simcoe; High- way Commissioners, G. M. Dawson and William C. Clouse; Jus- tice, Andrew Johnston; Constable, William D. Longnecker. 1875 — Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, George W. Har- conrt; Assessor, M. R. Hall; Collector, Philander Simcoe; High- way Commissioner, Grandison Dawson; Trustee, James Parks, Jr. 1876 — Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, George W. Har- court; Assessor, M. R. Hall; Collector, Sylvester Myrick; High- way Commissioner, Andrew Johnston. 1877 — Super visor, ^Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, Sylvester Myrick; Assessor, G-. M. Dawson; Collector; Philander Simcoe; Highway Commissioner, W. C. Clouse; Justices, Henry Brittain and Andrew Johnston; Constables, E. R. Allen and Robert Peoples. 1878 — Supervisor, Richard F. Ayers; Clerk, Sylvester Myrick; Assessor, G. M.Dawson; Collector, Philander Simcoe; Highway Commissioners, Sylvester Keirn, and James Armstrong; Justice, John Johnston; Constables, Noah P. Hall and Arthur^^Hagan; Trustee, James Johnston. 1879 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, Sylvester Myrick; Assessor, G. M. Dawson; Collector, John W. Evans; Highway Commissioner, Sylvester Keirn; Justice, Noah P. Hall; Constable, J. H. League. 1880 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, Sylvester Myrick; Assessor, G. M. Dawson; Collector, T. R. Patterson; Highway Commissioners, W. C. Clouse and William Johnston; Justice, Samuel Eutledge. 1881 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, H. H. Brittain; Assessor, Samuel Rutledge; Collector, Edwin Felts; Highway Commissioner, William Johnston; Justices, Noah P. Hall and Syl- vester Keirn; Constable, Edwin Keirn. 1882 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, H. H. Brittain; Assessor, Noah P. Hall; Collector, Edwin Felts; Highway Com- missioner, Andrew Armstrong; Justice, Charles Phillips; Oon- -- -T,l V ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 531 stables, Frank Ooppeubarger andJames H. League: Trustee, Nel- son "Wolcott. 1883 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, H. H. Brittain; Assessor, Noah P. Hall; Collector, Edwin Felts; Highway Com- missioner, A. D. Harcourt; Constable, John S. Lakin; Trustee, G. M. Dawson. 1884 — Supervisor, James Armstrong; Clerk, J. H. Lord; Asses- sor, Noah P. Hall; Collector, Edwin Felts; Highway Commis- sioner, James D. Davis; Justice, Moses Fletcher; Constable, Hugh Styles; Trustee, G. M. Dawson. 1885 — Supervisor, James Armstrong, Clerk, Louis A. Githens; Assessor, Noah P. Hall; Collector, John W. Keys; Highway Commissioners, John Safly, T. F. Whitaker and William Johnston; Justices, Noah P. Hall and N. Keirn; Constables, James Thompson and Levi Kose. STATISTICS. ^tna is slowly increasing in population. It had 920 inhabitants in 1870, and 990 ten years later. Now, in 1885, it is probably a little over 1,000. For purpose of comparison, we give here the valuation and taxation of property in 1875, and also for 1885: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $559,997; State tax, $1,679.99; coimty tax, $1,120; no town tax; district school tax, $3,407.67; district road tax, $207.91; road and bridge tax, $616; county bond sinking fund tax, $560; county bond interest tax, $727.99; town bond, $1,567.99; back tax, $160.43; total taxes, $10,047.98. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $387,108; State tax, $1,412.94; county tax, $2,624.02; road and bridge tax, $1,211.09; county bond interest tax, $524.81; township bond interest tax, $1,493.68; dis- trict school tax, $3,538.07; dog tax, $107; back taxes, with interest and costs, $50.73; total tax, $10,962.34. POLITICAL. In political sentiment the people of ^tna Township are Repub- lican about three to one, and have been in about that proportion since the organization of the township. Following is the vote for President at each election: 1868-Ulysse8 8. Grant 88 57 Horatio Seymour 31 1872— Ulyssea 8. Grant 133 89 Horace Greeley 44 1876— Rutherford B. Hayes. . . .161 115 Samuel J. Tilden 46 1880- -James A. Garfield 149 94 Win field S. Hancock 55 James B. Weaver 16 1884— Jamea G. Blaine 168 110 Grover Cleveland 58 John P. St. John 6 Benj. F. Butler 1 J vs 632 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHESTNUT is a station on the Springfield branch of the Illinois Central Eail- road, about seven miles northeast of Mt. Pulaski. Two attempts to found a town were made here before it was accomplished. The third attempt succeeded. Chestnut was laid out by David W. Clark, on the land of his brother, Isaac Clark, in April, 1872. It was liamed in honor of one of the directors of the railroad (first known as the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield). Lakin & Britton moved a store from Yankeetown, or Hurricane Point, where they had been in business some time. Dement & Clark erected the second store. The station is a good shipping point, and much grain leaves Chestnut on the cars. The Methodist Episcopal church was started in Yankeetown in the early days of the settlement, being organized in the house of Henry Dement. They met in private houses, generally at Mr. Dement' s, until about 1849 or '50, when they built a brick church. Here they met until Chestnut was platted, when they erected a neat frame house of worship there. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUEOH ON SECTION 7. The place of worship known as " Harmony Church " is located on the north part of section 7, and was built in 1871. It is a white frame structure, costing $3,000. This is a station on the Lincoln Circuit. The society numbers about sixty members, and it is in a prosperous condition. The class was formed in 1861, and services were held for many years in the school-house. The church was all paid for when dedicated. At the time of building, William Johnston, A. M. Dafi", James Johnston and Andrew Johnston were trustees. BIOGKAPHICAL. Andrew Arm,strong is one of the large and successful farmers of ^tna Township, and is one of those who began at the begin- ning, no improvements having been made on his farm when he purchased it in January, 1867. He has 335 acres of as good land as there is in Logan County, all under good cultivation and thoroughly tiled, having laid about $1,100 worth of tile. He was born in County Fermanagh, in the north of Ireland, in March, 1831. He is the eldest child of James and Sally (Johnston) Arm- strong. Mr. James Armstrong died in Ireland, and in 1856 Mrs. Armstrong, with her family, came to America, settling in Pike County, where they lived two years, coming then to Logan County. "T i* — ^ ~"^^ -^—^ f ^rNA TOWNSHIP. 533 The first land owned by Mr. Armstrong was eighty-six acres of the homestead now owned by his brothers, William and James. Mr. Armstrong married Sarah Johnson, born in the same county as her husband. Six children have been born to them — John James, William Henry, Catherine Margaret, Sarah Eosanna, Ed- ward Andrew and Hugh Wallace. Mr. Armstrong and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Season. In politics he is a Republican, his first presidential vote being for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Mr. Armstrong makes a specialty of the raising of fine horses, short-horn cattle and Poland China swine. Among his fine horses may be mentioned "Abdallah, Jr.," which is a half brother of the noted queen of the turf, Goldsmith Maid. This is a beautiful horse, now twenty years old, sixteen hands high and ways 1,250 pounds. His Hambletonian horse, " Thornton" and his Clydesdales "Justice" and '• Donald Donnie, Jr.,'" are fine specimens of the equine race. James Armstrong and brother, William Armstrong, are among the most prominent farmers and stock-raisers in ^etna Township, where they reside on section 6. Their farm contains 588 acres of first-class farming land, well tiled and otherwise improved. They also own a half interest in a farm in East Lincoln Township. James Armstrong attends directly to the superintendence of the farm while his brother William is engaged in grain and stock buy- ing at Beason. The Armstrong brothers are natives of the Emer- ald Isle, having been born in County Fermanagh, near the line of County Tyrone. Their father died in Ireland when James, who is the youngest son, was but a child. In 1856 their mother, Mrs. Sarah Armstrong, came to America with her family of five sons and three daughters and settled in Pike County, where they lived two years. They then came to ^tna Township and settled where William and James now live. The mother and six of the children are now living — Andrew, a resident of this township; William and James, Hugh, Mrs. Sarah Yardner, residing in JEtna Township, and Mrs. Frances Keys. The deceased are John, and Eosa, wife of Mr. William Johnston. William is unmarried. James married Miss Sarah E. Keys, born in Pike County, Illinois, daughter of Francis Keys, Sr. One child was born to them, who died in in- fancy. The Armstrong brothers are among the enterprising citizens of Logan County. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of JEtna Township. Politically they are Eepublicans. William F. Bowles, Sr., was born in Bourbon County, Ken- ip ^iz ± 53i HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. tucky, October 5, 1829. His father was Hugh Bowles, a native of Virginia, born in 1786. While he was quite a youth his father moved to Bourbon County, Kentucky, and settled on what was known as Cane Hidge. It was here, hundreds of miles from civili- zation and where the ferocious Indian freely roamed, that he assisted in raising his father's cabin, and in clearing away the forest for a house. He continued to live and labor on the farm with his father until he arrived at manhood and was married to Miss Euth Prather, by whom he had seven children — Anderson, of Clinton, Illinois; Walter P., died 1863; Joseph, died 1874; Henry, died in 1884; Elizabeth, widow of Henry Hall, of Armington, Illinois; Ver- linda and Ellen, deceased. Mrs. Bowles died after quite a num- ber of years of married life. For his second wife "Father Bowles " (as he was known) married Elizabeth Payne, by whom he had six children — David, of Logan County, Illinois; Jessie P., of Sedgwick County, Kansas; William F., of Logan County, Illinois; Rebecca R., widow of Chas. Wallace, of Sumner County, Kansas; Julia, wife of Peter J. Haws, of Bntler County, Kansas, and Sarah A., deceased. In early life he became deeply concerned in religion, and uniting with the Baptist church was licensed by them to preach. In the early part of the century he became convinced that religious denominational names built on human creeds or opinions of men were wrong and tended to the dividing of the lovers of Christ and a hindrance to the conversion of sinners. That God had revealed to every man his whole duty in plain, unmistakable terms, and that the Bible contained rules sufficient for every good work. He spent his early life in Kentucky, and in 1830 he removed with his family to De Witt County, Illinois, and was one of the most prominent and well-known pioneers, and did much to mold the moral and religious interests of this part of the then new State. Although his early educational advantages had been limited, he was a great reader and well versed in both ancient and modern history. After coming to De Witt County Mr. Bowles bought a farm in what is now Tumbridge Township. There he made a permanent home, where he resided till his death, his wife surviving him but a few months. While engaged in the cultivation of his farm, Mr. Bowles was a minister of the Christian church for nearly forty years. He organized many Christian churches, starting the first church in this part of Illinois, which has ever since been known as "The Old Union Christian Church," in October, 1832. Among others he organized, "Sugar Creek JilTNA TOWNSHIP. 635 Christian Church," " Eock Creek " and " Long Point " Postville— now Lincoln — and many others, and was assisted in his work by Eev. James Scott and Abner Pealer. He was a truly Christian man, devoting all his life to the cause of Christianity, often riding fifty miles to meet an appointment to preacli, never receiving any compensation of importance for his services. He stated, just before his decease, that the greatest money compensation he had ever received at one time was $10 for his services at a pro- tracted meeting of two weeks, at Lake Fork, and this he gave to a poor widow, who had been thrown from her horse and injured while on her way to the meeting. Before his death Father Bowles had the pleasure of seeing all of his children active members in the church, and all happily married and settled in life, save the youngest, Wm. F., our subject. He was but one year old when he came to Illinois with his father. The outfit for his first day's rural training in plowing corn consisted of an old runaway horse, hemp harness, hemp bridle, hemp lines, shuck collar, hatnes hewn from a white oak stump, and a single shovel wooden plow pointed with tin. The bridle bit was all the iron that belonged to the harness. His educational advantages were very limited. His schooling did not exceed twelve months up to the age of sixteen, the time of his father's death. Then he had to work by the month for a living. Fortunately he fell into the kind and paternal care of the well-known Paul A. Wallace, who gave him employ- ment for about two years. Then he had the care of a widowed sister and four small children for six years. He then married Eebecca Frances Martin, born in De Witt County, daughter of Kev. Isaac Martin, a pioneer of Sangamon County. Mr. and Mrs. Bowles have lived in Logan County for about thirty years, within three miles of his father's old home. They have one son — Charles D., born in ^tna Township, April 30, 1858, married Anna B. McCleman, a native of De Witt County. They are now living on the farm with our subject; have three children — William D., Myra F. and Ella May. Who can describe the changes for the next fifty-six years! Daniel dark, one of the pioneers of Illinois, was born in Miami County, Ohio, in 1812, and is the son of John W. and Ann Clark, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Mary- land. Daniel Clark lived in Ohio till 1832, when he came to Logan County. His brother, David W., also a sister, Margaret Clark, wife of Richard W. Clark, had previously settled in Sanga- ^J* 536 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. men County, Illinois. The fiist land that Mr. Clark owned was a quarter-section where he now lives. He pre-empted his land in 1837, and purchased it from the Government when it came into the market. In 1838 Mr. Clark married, in what was then Macon County, but is now a part of De Witt County, Illinois, Eliza Lowry, born in Kentucky, April 7, 1815, coming to Illinois with her parents when a young woman. In 1836 Mr. Clark put up his first residence, a frame house, southwest of his present residence, but on the same quarter-section. His brother-in-law, JR. "W". Clark, settled two or three years later on section 33, where he purchased a saw-mill and a grist-mill in company with Dr. John Clark, his brother, and David Clark, his father. John W. Clark, the father of our subject, and his wife, came here in 1837, and settled on a part of Daniel Clark's land. Here they resided till their de- cease, the father dying in March, 1859, in his eighty-second year, the wife surviving her husband for several years. But few are now living in Logan County whose coming dates back to 1832, and Mr. Clark has seen this county, then in a state of wildness, become one of the most prosperous counties in the State. His wife ac- companied him in the journey of life till September 15, 1858; when she passed away. Of the five children born to them only two are now living — Michael, now at the homestead, and William, living in Bates County, Missouri. Mary, the eldest child, died in her nineteenth year; Cecelia died at the age of about two years, and Catherine died aged seven years. Mr. Clark was a Whig in poli- tics till 1856, and ever since has voted the Republican ticket. It is worth recording that he has voted at every presidential election since 1836. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since before his marriage, as was his wife. Michael Clark, the eldest son, was born at the homestead in 18il. He enlisted in August, 1861, in the Thirty-second Illinois Infantry, and served four years and three months, remaining in the service some time after the war was over. He took part at Shiloh, siege of Corinth, siege of Vicksburg and battle of Hatchie Eiver, was in the Atlanta and Chattanooga campaigns, and marched with Sherman to the sea. After the war the brigade went west to Fort Kearney, serv- ing till September, 1865. He was married Lo Sarah Sheridan, by whom he has had four children, only two of whom are living- Asa, the second child, and Minnie, the youngest. Eliza died at about the age of one year, and Benjamin aged thirteen months. William Donnan was born December 25, 1797, in what was l^ '/m ^or^ncLTZ- £k ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 537 then called Boss, but is now Pike County, Ohio. His father, Peter Donnan, a native of Scotland, came to America when a young man, settling in Virginia, where he was married to Sidney McNeal, a native of that State. He then removed to Ohio, and was one of the pioneers of Ross County, serving for many years as county surveyor. He resided in Ohio till his decease. Of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Peter Donnan, there are now living — Juliet, who married Samuel Keys, is now a widow, aged ninety years, and lives with her brother William, our subject ; William is the second one in age, now living; Benjamin resides in Williamsville, Sangamon County. William Donnan married Priscilla Moore, a native of North Carolina. In 1836 he, with his wife and four children, came to Logan County. After living one year in Elkhart Township, raising one crop on the farm now owned by Mrs. Lawrence, he settled in .^Etna Township, and entered and bought a large amount of land. Here he has lived for nearly fifty years, being not only one of the oldest settlers of JEtna Township, but also the oldest man. There were still some Indians here at the time of his settlement, and game was abundant. He has seen Logan County advance from a state of wildness to be one of the most flourishing counties in Illinois. His farm now comprises 540 acres. Mr. Donnan has five living children — Peter, a resident of Sangamon County ; Alexander, living in this township; John, bom in 1832, is unmarried, and lives on the homestead with his parents; Benjamin, residing in this township; and Sarah E., wife of William Williams. Andrew M. Z^t*^ (deceased) settled on section 6, where his fam- ily now live, in 1854. He was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1830, where he lived till about twenty-six years of age, when he came to Logan County. His father, Ebenezer Duff, a well- known early settler of ^tna Township, came to Logan County in 1866, settling in ^tna Township. It was soon after that date that Andrew M. Duff purchased a part of the farm now occupied by his family. His first land purchase was from the Government. Ebenezer Duff had five sons, all of whom settled in this vicinity, which is therefore known as the Duff settlement. Andrew M. Duff was married in 1860 to Miss Belle Johnson, born in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1841. She came to Illinois with her parents, Jacob and Jennie Johnson, when she was fourteen years of age. The family settled in McLean County, near Bloomington, where Mrs. Duff grew to womanhood and where she was married. K" 538 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTr. Here her parents resided until their death. In 1881 Mr. Duff was stricken down with that dreaded disease, small-pox, and died De- cember 14 of that year. He was a man of sterling qualities, highly respected in the community in which he lived. He was a public- spirited, Christian gentleman, contributing freely of his money and influence in the promotion of the public good. His contribution to the building of Harmony Methodist Episcopal Church, of his township, was $500. He was not connected with any church. Politically he was a Republican. He was a successful business man and increased his original quarter-section to 480 acres of val- uable land. At his death he left a wife and ten children, all of whom are living except Gertie M., the youngest child. The chil- dren, most of whom reside on the homestead with their mother, are Mrs. Marietta Pritchett ; James W., who married Miss Edith Pegram; John J., who married Miss Alice Bever; Ella, Leonard A., Elmer D., Andrew E., Bertie and Carrie I. Richard and John Farris reside on the northeast quarter of section 2. They settled on their farm which contains 173 acres of land, now all under cultivation, in April, 1857. This was for- mally railroad land, and no improvements had been made on it when it was purchased by Mr. Farris. They have about 450 rods of tiling on the farm. Their first house on the place was frame, and was built early in 1857. They erected their present commo- dious residence in the spring of 1881. They are engaged in gen- eral farming and stock raising. Richard Farris was born in Flem- ing County, Kentack}'', in 1818, and John was born in the same county in 1833. Their parents, Thomas and Esther (Hultz) Farris, removed with their family to Marion County, Indiana, in 1836, where the father died. The family consisted of five sons and three daughters. The first of the family to come to Logan County was Mrs. Elizabeth Bayly, wife of John Bayly, now residents of Kansas. Richard and John came in 1854, accompanied by their mother, who died at their home in 1857. Richard Farris is un- married. John Farris has been twice married, his first wife being Mary Alice Foley, who died in 1870. By her he had five children, three of whom are living — Fannie, Franklin and Alice. Those deceased are — Annie and Willie. His present wife was Louisa Harrold, born in De Witt County in 1840, daughter of Isam and Mary Ann (Lisenby) Harrold, the former born in North Carolina, and the latter in Kentucky. They were early settlers of De Witt County, where they are still living. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. ■vHc^r ^ n ~ ■ — tft ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 539 Farris has been blessed with four children— Mary, Kichard, Norton and Nora. SU Fletcher, son of Zachariah Fletcher, was born in ^tna Township, December 2, 1836, being one of the first now living who was born in this township. He has always lived on the home- stead, situated on section 30, ^tna Township, which his father claimed in 1834:. He owns eighty acres of the original homestead. He has been twice married. His first wife, Jemima Bradley, died in 1858. His present wife was Naomi C. Hershey. By his first wife he had one son — Lafayette, and by his present wife he has two children — Emma and Arthur. Eli Fletcher (deceased) was born in Madison County, Ken- tucky, in 1800. His father dying when he was a child, he was reared in the family of William White in what is now Trimble County, but then was part of Carroll County, Kentucky. In 1828 he married Marion McKay, born Feb- ruary 19, 1808, in Shenandoah County, Virginia. At the age of five years she removed with her parents to Jefi'erson County, Indiana, where she was married. Shortly after marriage Mr. Eli Fletcher came to Logan County for the purpose of selecting land for a homestead, coming all the way from Kentucky on horse- back and alone. He made a location on sections 30 and 29, ^tna Township, and returned to Kentucky, becoming a permanent settler of Logan County the following year. His first land was a quarter-section on section 30. This was the claim of a man named Brady, which he purchased. He afterward increased his quarter- section to about 900 acres. The first winter that Mr. Fletcher and his wife passed here was in a small, unfinished cabin that had been begun by Brady, but not completed, as he agreed to have done, before Mr. Fletcher should arrive with his wife. They managed to pass the winter quite comfortably, but were compelled to do much of their cooking, during the winter, in a skillet, over a fire built between two logs, on the outside of their cabin. This cabin is still standing. In 1830 he erected a comfortable hewed log house, which his family occupied until 1876, when it was burned. Mr. Fletcher died early in 1858, his wife surviving till January 16, 1878. Politically Mr. Fletcher was a Democrat of the Jackson school, and possessed much influence in the councils of his party in the early days. In religious faith he was a Methodist. Of the nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher six grew to maturity and five are now living — Mrs. Ann E. Alexander, Moses H., Mar- 34 ^±=^ 540 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. tin v., now living in Barton County, Mo.; Mrs. Mary O'Connor, of Chester Township; Mrs. Sarah Randolph, wife of J. S. Ean- dolph, of Lincoln. Moses H. resides on and owns a part of the claim that his father bought of Brady. He was born at the home- stead, February 22, 1S33, and has always lived in Chester and ^tna townships. Mr. Moses H. Fletcher has been twice married. His first wife, Nancy E. Warrick, whom he married August 1, 1861, was born in Broadwell Township, Logan County, July 6, 1842, and died December 22, 1879. His second and present wife was Miss Fannie Rockhill, a daughter of "William and Elizabeth Rockhill. Mrs. Fletcher was born in Lexington, Kentucky, but, when a child removed with her parents to St. Joseph County, In- diana, where the latter lived till their decease. By his first mar- riage Mr. Fletcher has two daughters — Ophelia, wife of John M. Jackson, of York County, Nebraska, and Ella. Thomas G. Fletcher is a son of Zachariah and Margaret (Camp- bell) Fletcher, pioneers of 1834. Zachariah Fletcher was a native of Kentucky, where he was reared, married and lived until 1834, when he came to Illinois with his family, consisting of his wife and five children, one son and four daughters. The eldest, Martha, married Joseph Teft, and died many years ago; the second is Thomas C, our subject; Nancy married William Powell and died after the decease of Martha; Margaret married William Powell, after the death of her sister, and is now living in Clay County, Nebraska; Sarah was an infant at the time of the removal to Illi- nois. She grew to womanhood, married John Trond, and died about 1854. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher after coming to Logan County — Eli, who resides in this township, and Adeline, wife of James Ogden, a resident of Chestnut, in this township. Zachariah Fletcher settled on Government land on section 30, in JEtna Township, but only lived three years. The mother survived until July, 1880, when she died, aged eighty-two years. The father, although he lived but a short time after com- ing to Logan County, made a beginning, which his wife, assisted by Thomas C, completed. Mrs. Fletcher was a woman of great energy, and always possessed good health till near the close of her long life. Thomas C. was born in Madison County, Kentucky, in 1823, and was in his twelfth year when his parents moved to this county. He being the only son at that time, much of the labor and responsibility of rearing the younger children and mak- ing a home devolved upon him. He resided at the homestead -« »\ ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 541 until his marriage, which toolj place in 1851. His wife was for- merly Mary Downing, a daughter of James Downing, and was born in Chester Township, April 22,'1828. Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher have ten children — Edley L. and Edwin 0., twins; Francis E., Zachariah J., Louisa J. (wife of Henry H. Easly), Albert E., Wil- lie C, John E., Addie L. and Alpheus Clark. Mr. Fletcher's farm contains 400 acres. George Harcourt resides on section 34, where he settled in 1859. He owns a pleasant home and eighty acres of land, where he resides, also owning another farm in Laenna Township, besides timber land. Mr. Harcourt was born in 1827, in Rush County, In- diana, reared in Marion County, Indiana, and married in Howard County, Indiana. Mrs. Caroline M. Harcourt, the wife of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in West Yirginia in 1835, and removed with her parents to Ohio. She was visiting friends in Kokomo, Indiana, at the time of her marriage (1851) to Mr. Harcourt. The latter's parents, John and Mary Harcourt, were natives of Ken- tucky, who removed to Indiana, where they resided till their de- cease. Mr. Harcourt has always been engaged in agricultural pursuits. Politically his sympathies are with the Republican party. Mr. and Mrs. Harcourt have had five children, four of whom are living — Louvisa, at home; Frank B., surveyor and land agent, in Trenton, Hitchcock County, Nebraska; Laura, wife of John H. Lord, telegraph operator at Springfield, Illinois, and Still- well, piano and organ tuner, now a resident of Chicago. Clara, the youngest child, died at the age of six years. John M., a brother of the subject of this sketch, also two sisters, came to Logan County before our subject. John M. and one of the sis- ters are now living in Cowley County, Kansas, and the other Bister is deceased. Mrs. Mary Jane Harcourt, the wife of A. Q. Harcourt, of this township, is a sister of Mrs. George Harcourt. A. Q. Harcourt is a nephew of G. W. Harcourt, and came here in ■J 854. William Johnston, one of the most prominent farmers and stock-raisers of Logan County, resides on section 7, -(Etna Town- ship, where he has lived since 1859. He owns 1,200 acres of valuable land, all but eighty acres being in this township. He has some of the finest grades of stock, keeping from 300 to 400 head all the time, and selling about 100 head annually. Mr. Johnston was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, in October, 1831, a son of John and Catherine (Broene) Johnston. He was - IS 542 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the first of the family to come to America, leaving his home iu 1856, and landing in Pike County, Illinois, in November of the same year. He was almost entirely without money when he reached Illinois, and was glad to obtain employment at grubbing at $10 an acre. He was subsequently employed as a farm hand at $10 a month. With the first money he earned he bought a yoke of ' steers, making his own yoke from a walnut tree he chopped down. He then broke twenty acres of land, and sowed it to wheat on shares, which he harvested with a cradle, realizing well on the crop. In 1859 he came to Logan County, in company with the Armstrong family, and his first land purchase was 160 acres, which is a part of his present farm, for which he paid $1,600. After breaking his land and sowing it to wheat, he sold half of it for what he gave for the whole. From that time he has been success- ful, and at one time owned 1,600 acres of land, 400 of which he has given his children. Mr. Johnston is a worthy representative of the hardy sons of the north of Ireland, many of whom became residents of Logan County, generally coming with no capital; but their characteristic industry, economy and honesty have won the prize, as is indicated by their fine cultivated fields and their laiige herds of cattle and swine. Mr. Johnston was married in Pike County, in 1857, to Kosanna, daughter of James Armstrong. She died in the fall of 1865. But one of their four children is living — Margaret, wife of Andrew Armstrong, of Chester Township. Two died in childhood, and one son, John James, was drowned in Southwest Missouri, February 11, 1884. He was born in ^tna Township, February 6, 1861, and married Margaret, daughter of Frances Keys. He had gone to Missouri with the intention of locating, his wife following him a week later. While crossing Muddy Creek, which had become swollen by the recent rains, he was swept away and drowned. His wife knew nothing of her loss till she reached Missouri, when she found they were searching for his remains, which were soon after recovered. She returned with her little daughter Kosa to Logan County, and now makes her home at her father's house. In June, 1866, Mr. Johnston mar- ried Margaret, daughter of Alexander and Isabella Irvine. The mother is deceased, and the father now makes his home with Mrs. Johnston. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston have had nine children, of whom eight are living— William A., Catherine J., Thomas H.,lsabella L, George, May, Susan A. and Sarah E. Their youngest died in infancy. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. J^^=^ ^ — " ^ "^^^ — — — — ' , /It ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 543 /. Michener is a native of Ohio, having been born in Clinton County, that State, in December, 1837. His father, Joseph Michener, came from Ohio to Macon County, Illinois, in the spring of 1857, where he died the following year. He was a native of Pennsylvania. Oar subject was reared to the occupation of farm- ing. He has been a resident of Mtaa, Township since the fall of 1872, and is the grain-dealer at Chestnut, owning the only elevator at that place. Not only was he the first grain-dealer at this point, but he has been continually in the business since he first began. This is a very important grain point, and Mr. Michener does a good business, his average being about 300 cars per year. In poHtical principles he is a Republican. Mrs. Michener was for- merly Miss Martha Whitaker, a daughter of Bland B. Whitaker. They have one daughter — Narcissus E., wife of Isaac "Wolcott. Robert Parks resides on the northwest quarter of section 3, .iEtna Township, where he settled in 1867, buying at that time 175 acres, which he has since increased to 295 acres. He also owns town property in Beason. No improvements had been made when Mr. Parks purchased his farm, but it is now under cultivation. He has two dwellings on the place; one, which he occupies him- self, he began to build when he first settled on the farm, but has enlarged and improved, till now it is one of the best houses in the township. He has done a large amount of tiling. He has an iron turbine windmill, which operates a mill for shelling and grinding corn and pumping water. Mr. Parks had a few thousand dollars to start with which he has increased by good management. In 1885 he embarked in the grain business in Beason where he is now meeting with good success. He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, June 14, 1845. When he was but four years of age his parents, llobert and Mary Ann (Lyttle) Parks, with their family of nine children, came to America, settling in Pike County, Illinois. The family are all living now except the mother and one son, Francis F. The latter was killed by lightning in Pike County, at the age of eighteen years. The first of the family to come to Lo- gan County was James Parks, an elder brother of our subject. He settled on section 9, ^tiia Township, on a farm of 160 acres, which he afterward increased to 240 acres. He now lives in But- ler County, Kansas, where he owns 840 acres of land. He was a sol- dier in the war of the Rebellion, being a fifer in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, Robert Parks, Jr., was mar- ried to Margaret Keys, born in Pike County, Illinois. They have 544 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. eight children— Minnie O., Lyda E., Amos F., Pearl, James H., Kobert Lee, Mao;gie May and Roy. Robert Parks, Sr., and wife, came to Logan County at the same time as their son Robert, with whom they lived for fourteen years, when they went to Kansas to reside with a daughter, Mrs. Martha Slusser, where the mother died January 15, 1885. Mr. Slusser is a merchant at Benton, But- ler County, that State. The children of Robert Parks, Sr., are residents of different States, but two being residents of Logan County. Stephen F. Safly resides on section 12, on a farm of 160 acres. He has eighty acres of timber and sixty acres of farm land on section 13, besides having land elsewhere, owning over 400 acres in Mina, Township. Mr. Safly was born in Champaign County, Ohio, November 16, 1820, and when but a child his parents, Adam and Melinda (Ferrel) Safly, natives of Virginia, removed to San- gamon County, Illinois. They were among the pioneers of San- gamon County, and there the parents resided until their death. They had eleven children, all except one son living to maturity. Three of the daughters are now deceased. Stephen F. was the eldest child and was reared on the homestead. He was married near Springfield, April 6, 1849, to ITancy Prunk, born in Ohio in 1821. Her parents, John and Nancy (Smith) Prunk, natives of Virginia, removed to Clark County, Ohio, and from there to San- gamon County, Illinois, where they owned and lived on a farm near Rochester till their decease. They had eight children, all but one son living to be men and women. Mr. Safly continued living on the homestead after his marriage until January, 1853, when he came with his family to JEtna Township. The first land he bought here and the first land he ever owned was a part of his present farm. But little imrovement had been made when he purchased the place; a small log cabin and log stable had been built, and Mr. Safly with his family occupied the log cabin for eight years before he felt able to build his present fine residence, which cost about $1,200. His other improvenaents in the way of buildings are good. Mr. Safly, like most of the early settlers, had but little means when he came here, having just money enough to purchase his first land, 126 acres, at $9.50 per acre. He now has a fine productive farm, well improved. Politically Mr. Safly is a Republican and in early life was a "Whig. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Beason. Five sons and three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. ^ 9 ^TNA TOWNSHIP. 545 Safly; four sons and one daughter are now living — Mary J. Can- non, residing in JEtna Township; John M. and Adam E.., hoth residents of this township; William and Charles, at home. The deceased children died in infancy. Thomas F. WhitaJcer resides at the homestead where his father, Bland B. Whitaker, settled in 1850. He was born in Chester Township, Logan County, December 1, 1837, and has always lived in this county, with the exception of two years spent in Macon County. He married Luzetta Taylor, born in Randolph County, Indiana, daughter of John Taylor, of Jay County, Indiana. Her father was a native of Ohio, but went to Indiana when only nine years of age. Her mother was a native of Indiana. In 1870 they moved to Oran Township, Logan County, but after a resi- dence of one year and a half they returned to Indiana, where they still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Whitaker have two children — Franklin I. and Vesta C. Politically, Mr. Whitaker is a Democrat, as was his father. He inherits his father's taste for music, playing the violin with much skill. He owns a fine farm near the homestead. His father was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, November 30, 1803, and in 1835 came to Illinois and settled in Jacksonville, Morgan County, removing in September, 1836, to Chester Town- ship, Logan County, and in 1850 to ^tna Township, where he died August 23, 1870. His widow, our subject's mother, was born in Henry County, Kentucky, February 7, 1809, and is still in the enjoyment of good health. Her descendants are numerous, she having had fifty grandchildren, about forty of whom are now liv- ing. She has also nine great-grandchildren. William S. WhitaTeer resides on section 20, and owns 430 acres of land, which, except a few acres, lies on sections 20 and 29. He has occupied his present farm since the fall of 1861. His father, Bland B. Whitaker (named after Bland Ballard, a noted Indian warrior), was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, November 30, 1803. He was reared in his native State, and was married in Gallatin County, that State, June 9, 1825, to Nancy Wigginton, born in Henry County, Kentucky, February 7, 1809. In 1827 Bland B. Whitaker removed with his family to Indiana, and in November, 1835, went to Jacksonville, Morgan County, Illinois. There they remained but a short time, going thence to Bethel, in the same county, and coming to Logan County in September, 1836. They first settled in Chester Township, on section 25, where he purchased sixty acres of land, and resided till 1849, ;^ 546 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. when he came to ^tna Township, and settled on section 29. Here he purchased eighty acres from the Government, and located more by land warrant. He ultimately owned 220 acres, and here he resided till his decease, August 23, 1870, leaving his widow, who is still living on the homestead. Mr. Whitaker was a man highly respected in the community in which he lived. In religion he was a Universalist, and in politics a Democrat. He was possessed of quite a mechanical turn of mind, which was a matter of great con- venience in the early days, when mechanics were scarce. He was of rather a vivacious nature, playing the violin with much skill. He and his wife had fourteen children, ten of whom are living in 1885 — Susan E., wife of Isaac J. Lane, in Sedgwick County, Kansas; William S., our subject; Nathaniel M., a resident of Macon County, Illinois; Mrs. Lucy J. Lincoln, residing in Lin- coln; Thomas F., living at the homestead; Seretta, wife of Alfred Christison, residing in Macon County, Illinois; Mrs. Martha J. Michener, living in Chestnut; Bland B., residing in this township; Mrs. Eliza H. Vandever, a resident of Barbour County, Kansas; and Lusetta, wife of Edward Anderson, residing in Macon County, Illinois. William S., whose name heads this sketch, was born in Indiana, November 13, 1831, and, though but four years old when he came to Illinois with his father, he remembers well the journey. The family came in a wagon drawn by four horses, the father driv- ing with only one line, in the primitive style. They were accom- panied by N. M. Whitaker. William S. has made five trips to Kentucky, two trips of which he went by wagon. August 18, 1861, he was married in Kentucky to Loucetta Wigginton, born in Ken- tucky, January 16, 1840. They have nine living children — Alfred A., born November 25, 1863; George E., August 25, 1865; Mertis B., December 25, 1867; John M., October 4, 1870; Mary, March 29, 1872; William E., February 12, 1875; Loucetta, May 28, 1876; Mulvilda, November 28, 1878; and Carmi V., January 30, 1882. They have four children deceased — Alinanza, born August 4, 1862, died October 10, 1862; EUenah, born September 13, 1869, died November 15, 1869; Louisa A., born December 17, 1873, died April 14, L874; and Bessie W., born July 13, 1884, died October 8, 1884. Mrs. Whitaker's parents were Sidney and Elizabeth (Spillman) Wigginton, natives of Kentucky, where they resided until their death, the former djiing in January, 1870, and the latter in August, 1865. ^ CHAPTER XVIII. ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. Geogbapht. — Township Officees, 1867-'85. — Statistics. — PoLrn- OAL. — Atlanta City. — Eaelt Histoet. — Schools and Chueches. — Lodges and Othbe Oeganizations. — Peess. — Peofessional Men. — BlOGEAPHICAL. This is just two-thirds of a congressional township, and is located in the northeast corner of Logan County. It is six miles east and west, and four north and south. It is bounded as fol- lows: On the north by McLean County, on the east by DeWitt County, on the south by Oran Township, on the west by Emi- nence. It is drained by Kickapoo Creek. Among the earliest settlers were the Hoblits, Turners, Druleys, Eevans and Downeys, near where the city of Atlanta now is, and the Foggs, Tuttles, McFarlands, Kenyons, Haweses, Larisons and Barrs. TOWNSHIP OFFICEES. Following is a list of township officers elected each year since the organization of the township: 1867 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, J. Henry Ball; Asses- sor, Lewis Harley; Collector, Frederick J. Fields; Highway Com- missioners, J. D. Hoblit, Joseph Bell and A. Larison; Justices, William E. Dicks and James Kellar; Constables, John McKee and E. G. Bordwell. 1868 — Supervisor, James Tattle; Clerk, John M. "Williams; Assessor, Solomon Morris; Collector, Fred J. Fields; Highway Commissioner, Joseph Bell. 1869 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, John H. Ball; Asses- sor, Solomon Morris; Collector, Warren L. Jones; Highway Commissioner, John W. Hawes; Constables, William Foltz and Solomon Morris. 1870 — Supervisor, John A. Hoblit; Clerk, James Bourne; As- sessor, Solomon Morris; Collector, Charles Haise; Highway Com- missioner, Charles Warrick; Justices, William E. Dicks and Oor- (547) 548 HI8T0KT OF LOGAN COUNTY. nelius Lambert; Constables, William Robinson and E. Bordwell. 1871 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, S. D. Fisher; Asses- sor, G. L. Parker; Collector, Charles Haise; Highway Commis- sioner, Lewis Foley; Justices, J. W. Hawes and Bartholomew Gardner; Constable, Charles H. Blessing. 1872 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, S. D. Fisher; Assessor, Lewis Harley; Collector, Solomon Morris; Highway Commis- sioner, "William P. Hunt; Constable, Caton Hoblit. 1873 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, Oscar E. Harris; Asses- sor, Solomon Morris; Collector, John B. Lambert; Highway Com- missioner, Charles Warrick; Justices, Seth Turner and S. S. Keig- win; Constable, John Becker. 1874 — Supervisor, James Tuttle; Clerk, J. Henry Ball; Asses- sor, M. L. Higgins; Collector, John B. Lambert; Highway Com- missioner, Benjamin F. Turner; Constable, Caton Hoblit. 1875 — Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, B. A. Field; Assessor, Joseph A. Tidd; Collector, Alfred Turner; Highway Commis- sioner, Ed. E. Beath; Constable, M. L. Higgins; Trustee, Samuel C. Field. 1876— Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, M. H. C. Young; As- sessor, Joseph A. Tidd; Collector, Alfred Turner; Highway Com- missioner, Charles Warrick. 1877 — Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, Joseph A. Tidd; Collector, N. N. Daves; Highway Commissioner, David Boroff; Justices, S. S. Keigwin and Seth Turner; Consta- bles, Caton Hoblit and M. L. Higgins. 1878 — Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, R. T. Gill; Collector, N. N. Daves; Highway Commissioner, H. C. Hawes; Trustee, J. D. Hoblit. 1879 — Supervisor, F. S. Capps; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, R. T. Gill; Collector, W. N. Daves; Highway Comissioner, C. C. Hoblit. 1880 — Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, R. T. Gill; Collector, J. D. Haise; Highway Commissioner, John E. Hoblit. 1881 — Supervisor, A. E. Church; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, R. T. Gill; Collector, J. D. Haise; Highway Commissioner, H. T. Campbell; Justices, A. J. Randolph and Seth Turner; Constables, M. L. Higgins and T. J. Worthington. 1882— Supervisor, S. H. Fields; Clerks, J. H. Ball and J. L. Bevan; Assessor, R. T. Gill; Collector, James D. Haise; High- 7*===^ — =^ =;=i;R* i^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 649 way Commissioner, C. 0. Hoblit; Constable, Samuel Clay; Trus- tee, Samuel Bevan. 1883 — Supervisor, S. H. Fields; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, E. T. Gill; Collector, A. C. Miller; Highway Commissioner, J. E. Hoblit; Trustees, J. A. Hoblit and Charles Warrick. 1884 — Supervisor, S. H. Fields; Clerk, 0. Brinkerhoff; Asses- sor, K. T. Gill; Collector, A. C. Miller; Highway Commissioner, B. F. Dunegan; Justice, K. T. Gill; Trustee, Joseph Field. 1885 — Supervisor, S. H. Fields; Clerk, J. L. Bevan; Assessor, E. T. Gill; Collector, A. C. Miller; Highway Commissioner, Charles Eeise; Justices, E. T. Gill and A. M. Dills; Constables, M. L. Higgins and S. W. Clay. STATISTICS. Atlanta Township had in 1870, according to the United 'States census, 1,932 inhabitants; in 1880 it had 2,339 — an increase suflS- cient to affirm a present population of 2,500. The township had in 1880 but 564: inhabitants outside of the city. "We give below the valuation and taxation of the township in 1875, for comparison with that of 1885, given just after: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $782,043; State tax, $2,346.14; county tax, $1,564.09; town tax, $234.62; district school tax, $8,485.89; district road tax, $104.07; road and bridge tax, $1,564.09; county bond sinking fund tax, $782.04; county bond interest tax, $1,016.66; town bond interest tax, $4,770.46; city and corporation tax, $2,104.58; back taxes, $376.38; total taxes, $23,349.02. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $381,405; State tax, $1,450.66; county tax, $2,694.10; township tax, $373.02; road and bridge tax, $911.85; county bond interest tax, $538.83; township bond interest tax, $3,440.15; township bond sinking fund tax, $1,- 782.24; corporation tax, $1,923.48; district school tax, $6,235.86; dog tax, $27; back taxes, with interest and costs, $2,395.44; total taxes, $21,772.62. POLITICAL. Atlanta has always been a strongly Eepublican township. Un- til about 1878 the Republican vote was more than double the Democratic; but of late years this ratio has been somewhat d i- miuisbed. The majorities iiave ranged as high as 200. Follow- ingis the vote for President from 1868 to 1884: ;pr M'^ 550 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1868— Ulysses S. Grant 345 197 Horatio Seymour 148 1872— Ulysses S. Grant' 296 186 Horace Greeley 110 1876— Rutherford B. Hayes.. .318 163 SamuelJ. Tilden 155 1880— James A. Garfield 286 110 Winfleld S. Hancock. . .176 James B. Weaver 18 1884— James G. Blaine 281 118 Grover Cleveland 163 John P. St. John 44 Benj. F.Butler 9 ATLANTA CITY. No sooner was the survey of the Chicago & Alton Eailroad made than the location of a town somewhat in the northeast part of the county was agitated. The villasje of Mt. Hope, a few miles northeast of the site of Atlanta, was staked off, but being off the railroad was abandoned. It is now part ot a farm. New Castle, to the southeast, had received quite an impetus, but for the same reason was abandoned on the survey of Atlanta and became in- corporated therein, the majority of its residents moving to the new town. The Baptists had built a house of worship there, and some trade was established by 1853. Early in this year E. T. Gill, then a resident of Pekin, entered the land on which the city of Atlanta now stands, at $1.25 an acre. The assessed valuation was then $1,200. It is now nearly $400,000. On the 23d of June he offered the lots at public auction, and by a liberal policy secured a large sale, and before the close of the season fifteen or twenty buildings were ready for occupancy. The first of these was built by K. T. Gill. The freight house was erected by the railroad company about the game time, and shortly after a passen- ger depot. When the town was surveyed, it received the name of Xenia. • This name was suggested by Mrs. James Downey, in remembrance of her former home in Xenia, Ohio. On application for a post- office, it was ascertained that an office by that name already existed in the State, and the founders of the town changed it to Hamilton, in honor of Colonel L. D. Hamilton. Applying the second time for a postoffice, they met with the same difficulty, and to avoid having a town and postoffice of different names, a third name was chosen. Mr. R. T. Gill had some time previously spent a portion of a year in Atlanta, Georgia, and remembering the beauty of that city, suggested that name. As no postoffice of that name existed in Illinois, the appellation was adopted. Several persons yet hold deeds of lots in the town of Xenia. For several years following, the history of Atlanta is one of un- precedented growth and prosperity. Stores, shops and dwellings ^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 551 were rapidly erected ; scliools and churches were established, and the highest hopes of the founders were being speedily realized. By the close of 1854 the town contained about 500 people, and nearly a hundred houses. The grain trade was assuming vast proportions, and, indeed, within a few years Atlanta was the largest grain market on this railroad between the two cities at either extremity. By an act of the Legislature, approved February 14, 1855, the town was incorporated. Its boundaries then embraced, by that charter, the east half of the northwest quarter and west half of the northeast quarter of section 20, in all 160 acres. The same • charter provided for the election of a board of five trustees. Be- fore the incorporation act, and when there were no village ofiicers to execute the law, a number of the citizens organized a company known as the "Big Grove Rangers," whose object was to secure and bring to justice all violators of the law. The organization did effective work, and kept this part of the county comparatively free of outlaws. Daring the year 1855 no Western town eclipsed Atlanta in its growth. Until this date the buildings, though of wood, were commodious and ample for the wants of trade; bat a necessity for a more substantial class was becoming apparent, and early in the year the first brick building in town was erected. It stood on the corner of Vine and Railroad streets, and is yet used and known as the Atlanta House. It was opened July 4, 1855. During the early summer 100 houses were "raised" in two weeks, and before - the close of the season 155 buildings were added to the already conspicuous town. In August the Logan County Forum^ an en- terprising and well-edited weekly newspaper, was established by S. B. Dagger. About this time the town was visited by the editor of the Springfield Register, who thus wrote of Atlanta to his paper: "Two years ago there was not a building in the place or within a mile of it. Now the village numbers 260 houses and 1,000 in- habitants. The buildings are all good, many of them large and splendid, and all painted. The men appear energetic, self-confi- dent and intelligent." The same summer the Atlanta Seminary was established. The old seminary building was built in 1853, when there were not more tbafl twenty buildings in town. The Illinois Cross Railroad Com- pany was also incorporated; but the failure to act promptly in this matter caused its construction to be defeated at the time. l^ 562 HISTORY OF LOGAN COtJNTT. During the next summer the important buildings erected were H. Armington's brick block, the Logan House, by G. A. Colton, Dills & Jlowser's warehouse, and the large frame building, on what is now the postoffice block. None of these remain save the Logan (Grant) House, each succumbing to the ravages of the fire- fiend. In the spring of this year T. N. Gill & Co. opened a bank, which they conducted some time, and, retiring from the business, were succeeded by David Kern & Co., who were in turn succeeded by Dills, Kern & Co., who conducted the business until 1866, when it passed into the hands of Frank Hoblit and his brothers. In 1875 they changed the bank into a National Bank, and so con- ducted it until 1879, when it again became a private institution, . under the name of the Atlanta Bank, with about twenty stock- holders, the management remaining essentially the same. The most wealthy and influential men in the county are interested in this bank, which is prudently and conservatively managed, and is one of the safest and strongest institutions in the country. It has a capital of $25,000, and a surplus of equal amount. The present officers are: John A. Hoblit, President; CO. Aldrich, Yice-Presi- dent; Frank Hoblit, Cashier; Sylvester Hoblit, Assistant Cashier and active Manager. A steady advancement marked the year 1855, which continued uninterrupted several years. In 1861 an act relating to the ad- vancement of agricultural societies passed the State Legislature, which gave aid to the Atlanta Union Central Agricultural Society, which held its first meeting in the fall of 1860. It is one of the best agricultural societies in this portion of Illinois, and since its incorporation has held annually an excellent fair. For further ac- count, see Chapter XII. Not long after this date the war of the Rebellion broke out, and a call for troops was the result. The Seventh and Eighth Eegi- ments of Illinois Infantry were each mustered into service the same day, the 25th of April, 1861. In the former of these two regiments Atlanta was well represented. Company E, the first in the State to report for duty at Camp Butler, contained eighty-five men from Atlanta, and Company D had twenty-nine privates, while two companies contained four others. Of the officers in this regiment seven were from Atlanta. The Thirty-eighth Infantry had sixty men in Company E, three in Company B, and seven commissioned officers. In the One Hundred and Sixth there were sixty-eight men in Company E, seven scattering, and six officers. The Second '71 ^^ -^1^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 553 Cavalry was furnished with nineteen privates and three oflScers from Atlanta, and in the Forty-fourth and Sixty-sixth were found quite a number. As the war progressed these officers were pro- moted, while their places were filled from the rank of the privates. Of those who enlisted from this town all but one or two honorably acquitted themselves, and all those who survived the conflict came home with an untarnished record, while in many a Southern field and in many an unknown grave there sleep in quiet rest the re- mains of many of these brave men who were willing to lay their lives on their country's altar in her defense. The city has at different times suffered disastrously from fire. In 1857 a fire destroyed the Atlanta House, and in 1865 laid in ashes all the buildings between Armington's block and Arch street. This same year another equally disastrous fire destroyed other buildings in the central part of town, at which time the town rec- ords were wholly destroyed. At later dates Armington's block, Beath & Hoose's manufactory and planing mill, Dills & Howser's warehouse were destroyed ; and on April 7, 1867, Mix & Co.'s hardware store, and other adjacent buildings, suffered a like fate. In 1882, Turner's mill and Armington's elevator succumbed, and also the Midland Kailroad station. In 1885 Hilbert's wagon shop and several carpenter shops adjoining were burned at one time, and the Cumberland Presbyterian church at another. These losses have taught the citizens a severe lesson. The buildings burned were almost all wooden structures, which have been replaced by commodious brick houses, which of themselves will serve as an ex- cellent safeguard against this element. Until 1866 Mr. Harvey Turner was almost the only person who maintained that good brick could be made from prairie soil. That year, however, a company representing a capital stock of $2,000 began operations, and continued the manufacture of brick two years. Among the more prominent buildings erected at that time as rhonnments of this industry was the Union Hall block, it being the first of their work. The manufacture is yet carried on in several places, generally along the creek, or in the edge of the timber. In 1867 a company was formed for the purpose of sinking a coal shaft. The boring for coal began JS'ovember 26, and after several attempts reached a good vein of coal, at the depth of 245 feet. This is the same vein of coal now mined by the Lincoln Coal Company, and underlies several counties, at a very uniform depth. Had the i^ ^ 554 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTT. company continued their, operations, a good article of coal would have rewarded their efforts; but Atlanta still imports her coal. CITY ORGANIZATION. All these years the town had been under the control of the vil- lage trustees, five in number. The population had increased to more than a thousand- persons, and the advisability of a city gov- ernment was considered by the citizens. The incorporation act, as a town, was passed by the Legislature, February 24, 1855, and on April 2 the first Board of Trustees was elected. It consisted of the following persons : A. N. Dills, A. K. Martin, "William P. Hunt, "William S. Leonard and Cornelius Lambert. K. T. Gill was chosen president of the board, which met on the 7th, and ap- pointed J. Henry Ball, Clerk; E. H. Dunagan, Constable, and H. Armington, Street Commissioner. This form of government was used until 1869, when a city charter was obtained, on March 8, of that year, and on the 16th the question was submitted to a vote of the people. One hundred and seventy-three votes were cast in favor of a city organization, nineteen against; seven votes were cast against the city charter. This left a majority of 147 votes in favor of the movement. On the 23d of the same month the election for city oflicers was held, at which time a mayor, a city clerk, a city marshal, a treasurer, an attorney, an assessor and collector, one justice, a street commissioner, and a city surveyor were elected. CITY OFFICIALS. 1869— Mayor, Samuel H. Fields; Clerk, J. Henry Ball; Marshal, J. B. Ransel; Treasurer, L. James; Assessor and Collector, S. D. Fisher; Attorney, "W. E. Dir, also elected Surveyor ; Street Com- missioner, J. Frinfrock ; Aldermen : First "Ward, "W. P. Hunt ; Second "Ward, George Esterbrook; Third "Ward, E. Stuart. 1870— Mayor, G. 1. Harry ; Clerk, Arthur Paullin ; Assessor and Collector, C. T. Rock ; Treasurer, L. James; Street Commis- sioner, Dietrich Martin ; Marshal, Charles Blessing; Aldermen : First "Ward, Andrew Turner ; Second "Ward, R. A. Super ; Third "Ward, E. Stuart. 1871 — Mayor, Benjamin Bean; Clerk, Arthur Paullin; Assessor and Collector, G. L. Parker; Street Commissioner, Hiram Law- rence ; Magistrate, J. Henry Ball ; Marshal, Charles Blessing ; Aldermen : First "Ward, Seth Turner ; Second "Ward, Thomas Camerer; Third Ward, S. D. Fisher. ^1 r TT** ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 655 1872 — Mayor, William P. Hunt; Clerk, Andrew P. "West; Mar- L. 0. Lambert ; Street Commissioner, Hiram Lawrence ; Assessor and Collector, S. S. Keigwin ; Aldermen : First Ward, Seth Turner ; Second Ward, John M. Gallon ; Third Ward, Ed- ward E. Beath. 1873— Mayor, E. Stuart ; Clerk-, Andrew P. West ; Justice, J. Henry Ball ; Assessor and Collector, S. S. Keigwin ; Marshal, L. C. Lambert ; Street Commissioner, Hiram Lawrence ; Aldermen : First Ward, Seth Turner ; Second Ward, Solomon Morris ; Third Ward, F. J. Fields. 1874— Mayor, James Shores ; Clerk, William H. Mason ; Mar- shal, 0. Hoblit ; Assessor and Collector, S. S. Keigwin ; Street Commissioner, Hiram Lawrence ; Aldermen : First Ward, Seth Turner; Second Ward, Frank Hoblit ; Third Ward, E. E. Beath. 1875— Mayor, Andrew P. West ; Clerk, B. A. Field ; Marshal, L. C. Lambert ; Street Commissioner, H. Lawrence ; Aldermen : First Ward, J. G. Keise ; Second Ward, Thomas Worthington ; Third Ward, E. D. Kesler, elected at a second election, the vote at the first being a tie. 1876— Mayor, Benjamin Bean ; Clerk, M. H. C. Young ; Mar- shal, L. C. Lambert ; Street Commissioner, Scott Martin ; Alder- men : First Ward, J. Q. McKinon ; Second Ward, H. C. Hawes ; Third Ward, E. E. Beath. 1877— Mayor, P. R Marquart ; Clerk, M. H. C. Young ; Magis- trate, Edmund Hill ; Marshal, John Becker ; Street Commissioner, Hiram Lawrence; Aldermen: First Ward, J. S. Perriton; Second Ward, Thomas Camerer ; Third Ward, Elias Harness. 1878— Mayor, P. R. Marquart ; Clerk, M. H. C. Young ; Mar- shal, M. L. Higgins ; Street Commissioner, Nathan Keyes ; Alder- men : First Ward, Alfred Turner ; Second Ward, Andrew P. West ; Third Ward, Elias Harness. 1879— Mayor, F. J. Fields ; Clerk, W. H. Mason ; Marshal, John B. Lambert; Street Commissioner, H. Lawrence; Alder- men : First Ward, Alfred Turner ; Second Ward, S. H. JSTolder ; Third Ward, Albert Hamilton. 1880— Mayor, F. J. Fields ; Clerk, J. H. Ball ; Marshal, Thomas McFarland ; Street Commissioner, Nathan Keyes ; Alder- men : First Ward, Alfred Turner ; Second Ward, S. H. Nolder ; Third Ward, Albert Hamilton. 1881— Mayor, S. H. Fields ; Clerk, J. Henry Ball ; Marshal, Thomas McFarland ; Police Magistrate, Edmund Hill ; Street 35 ~s "V ^®- 556 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. Commissioner, Nathan Keyes ; Aldermen : First Ward, Gibson Eail; Second Ward, Sylvester Hoblit ; Third Ward, Elias Harness. 1882— Mayor, A. C. Church ; Clerk, J. Henry Ball ; Marshal, M. L. Higgins ; Street Commissioner, H. Lawrence ; Aldermen : First Ward, A. J. Eaudolph ; Second Ward, George F. Bennett ; Third Ward, James Shores. 1883— Mayor— Alfred Turner ; Clerk, W.|H. Mason; Marshal, Henry O. Dalzell ; Street Commissioner, Frank Burns ; Alder- men : First Ward, P. E. Marquart ; Second Ward, James Each ; Third Ward, A. V. Scott. 1884— Mayor, C. H. Turner ; Clerk, E. H. Gill ; Marshal, L. M. Coons ; Street Commissioner, M. Keene ; Aldermen: First Ward, F. J. Fields ; Second Ward, J. M. Euch ; Third Ward, A. V. Scott. 1885 — Mayor, John J. Downey ; Clerk, W. H. Mason ; Marshal, James T. Lambert ; Street Commissioner, G. W. Larison; Police Magistrate, A. J. Eandolph ; Treasurer, A. N. Dills; Attorney, F. L. Capps ; Aldermen : First Ward, L. M. Hoblit ; Second Ward, George F. Bennett ; Third Ward, W. S. Dunham, Jr. At the same time the city charter was granted, the school, which had been in the hands of the town authorities, was organized under the State school law, and a Board of Directors, or Inspectors, was elected to take charge of the affairs of the district. This form of management yet prevails, and has done very much toward the present town schools. Atlanta contains about 1,500 inhabitants. The trade of the town is principally with the surrounding farmers, whom the town people furnish the necessaries of life, and in turn are furnished other equally needed necessaries by this class of citizens. The majority of the business houses are of brick, and in them will be seen ex- cellent stocks of goods. The Illinois Midland Eailroad was com- pleted in the autumn of 1872, and crosses the Chicago & Alton here, giving the town a northern and southern outlet, as well as an eastern and western. Its advantages are certainly of the best, and it only remains for its citizens to improve them to secure one of the best towns in Central Illinois. EDUCATIONAL INTEEESTS. The old seminary building was erected early in 1853, when the whole number of houses in town did not exceed twenty. This part of the county was, however, quite populous, and at that time was ■l^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 557 almost always known as the " Four by Six." It had been obtained from De Witt County, and contains twenty-four sections, four wide and six in length ; hence the name. A very good school was maintained in the village from its earliest existence. In February, 1856, the Atlanta Seminary was chartered, and a school of higher order immediately opened. This was still in the old frame building, which occupied the most eligible site in town. The first Board of Trustees was Samuel Bevan, Samuel Foster, James Tuttle, A. 0. Kaiikin and R. T. Gill. This board had full power to confer academic degrees, erect build- ings, purchase land, appoint teachers, regulate the course of study, etc. It was especially provided that the school should not be made denominational, and if in the opinion of the board its inter- ests could be advanced by converting it into a town school, the board could do so. The stock in the seminary was divided into shares of $20 each, each share being entitled to one vote, and each stockholder liable to a tax of $1 per share to pay debts. The first instructor was Rev. L. Foster. He was succeeded by Messrs. At- kinson and West. In May, 1856, Rev. W. M. Guilford took charge, and an era of prosperity at once began. The four departments were all occupied. The course of instruction was comprehensive and thorough, and for two years the school's progress was constant. In 1858 it was decided by the Board of Trustees that the interest of the town children would be better served if the school was placed immediately under the control and maintainance of the town. S. A. Briggs was chosen principal this year, and had about the same number of assistants heretofore employed. The school was con- ducted under this management until 1869, when, at the organiza- tion of the city government, the school was also organized under the State school law as a graded school. The district was enlarged to include territory one mile each way from town, and a Board of School Directors was elected who assumed entire control of the school. In 1870 the old seminary building was found inadequate for the accommodation of the school population, and measures were taken to erect a larger building. The old seminary was re- moved to the corner of the lot and used until the new one was com- pleted, when it was taken to the farm of Augustus Reise. The new building is three stories in height above the basement. It contains ten school-rooms, a spacious hall and an office. The building is surmounted by a tasty cupola, in which a large town clock, having four diale, is placed. These can be seen from any portion of the f^ ^W"^ 558 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COONTT. city, and are a great convenience. The strokes of the clock can be distinctly heard in any part of town. This adornment cost $800 — raised by contributions. The contract price of the building was $24,485; to this $500 was afterward added. The entire cost, including the clock and furniture, was $28,500, for which outlay the city of Atlanta has one of the best schools in the county. There are enrolled annually from 350 to 400 pupils. The present School Board consists of Elias Harness, President; J. J. Downey, Clerk, and G. W. Bennett. The corps of instructors includes: O. Brinkerhoff (Superintendent), Miss Montgomery, Mrs. Carle, Miss Bennett, Miss Young, Mr. Spindler, Miss Hardy, Miss Boruff and Miss Dyer. RELIGIOUS. 27i,6 Baptist Church, of Atlanta, was established in 1830, under the name of the Big Grove Baptist Church, by the Rev. M. Mann and Rev. H. Bowman. There were fourteen members at that time, from whom John Hoblit was chosen Deacon, and Samuel Hoblit, Clerk. Rev. Bowman was called as pastor, remaining with the congregation six or seven years. In 1839 the society built a house of worship in New Castle, and changed the name to the New Castle Baptist Church. They were then under the charge of Rev. J. D. Newel. From this date until 1855 the pastors were Revs. Jonathan Merriam, Joel Bulsey, Lewis Morgan, N. Al- wood, H. D. Mason, Z. Hall and A. S. Dennison. About the close of Rev. Dennison's pastorate they sold the church in New Castle and removed their place of worship to Atlanta, and there assumed their present name. Here they erected a house of wor- ship capable of seating 500 persons. In June, 1856, they called the Rev. E. J. Thomas, who had charge of the congregation eleven years. The pastors since have been Revs. Geo. W. Benton, A. M. Hunt, Jeriah D. Cole, D. D., J. B. Hutton, J. W. Primm and William Swinden. The society lost its church by fire in 1872, and then met in the Congregational and Presbyterian churches until the beginning of 1886, when they occupied their new edifice, erected on the old site in 1885, at a cost of $4,500. This has ten memorial windows, of stained glass, each dedicated to the memory of some former prominent member of the society. The church has a permanent endowment of $2,000, contributed in equal sums by Samuel Hoblit and Samuel Bevan. The membership of the society is now ninety-eight. The Deacons are: John A. Hoblit, ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 559 Alfred Turner and W. H. Downey; Trustees, Andrew Turner, Alfred Turner, John A. Hoblit, J. Merriam and R. Gr. Bevan. The Sunday-school has a membership of seventy-five, and the fol- lowing officers: A. L. Hoblit, Superintendent; James Johnson, Secretary and Treasurer. There are ten teachers. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized as a class in 1854, in the house of James M. Cantrall. There were twenty- three members. The organization was perfected by Revs. Ben- jamin Bartholow and William McVeigh. James M. Cantrall, H, Maltby, Ezra Kenyon, A. J. Ludlow, A. S. Corthon, and John Pallady were elected trustees. The erection of a house of worship was at once begun, and the edifice was dedicated in 1856 or '57 by Eev. Jonathan Stamper. Since then the following persons have filled the pulpit of this church as pastors: Revs. Benjamin Bartho- low, A. Semple, Preston Wood, G. R. S. McElfresh, A. Semple (again), James Shaw, C. D. James, John S. Barger, D. W. English, J. B. Seymour, 0. A. Obenshain, G. W. Bates, J. Miller, J. C. Keller, A. S. McCoy, T. J. N. Simmons, J. T. Fry, G. Cunningham and W. N. Johnson. The society has now about 120 members. The Trustees are: A. JST. Dills, A. S. Corthon, P. R. Marquart, E. "W. Kenyon, H. Rice, W. E. Long and John Wikle. The Sunday- school has an attendance of from eighty to one hundred, under Mrs. Ruch as superintendent. The Christian Chtvrch was organized in 1855 by Rev. George Minier, with twenty-four members. The next year they erected their present house of worship, the steeple of which, becoming un- safe, was torn down in 1869 and replaced by the present one. Their second pastor was Rev. "W. M. Guilford, whose successors have been Revs. Leroy Skelton, John Lindsey, J. W. Monser, Samuel Lowe, T. T. Holton, R. D. Cotton, J. A. Seaton, R. B. Chaplain, B. O. Aylesworth, S. H. Bundy and L. G. Thompson. The church has now 125 members. The elders are: Andrew Wright, James Shores and J. H. Judy; Deacons, Jefi^rson Howser, J. D. Howes, J. W. Spindler, J. W. Eddy, Joseph Wright and W. L. Jones. W. L. Jones is Clerk and Treasurer. The Sunday- school has a membership of about 125, under the superintendency of Andrew Wright. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized about 1856; but, the denomination having three or four houses of wor- ship within a few miles of town, no building was erected in At- lanta until 1866. This structure was used by them when they had 660 HISTOEY OF LO&AN COUNTY. regular services until January, 1880, when it was leased to the Baptists. They used it until January, 1885, when the 0. P. con- gregation again resumed its use. The last of November, 1885, it was burned in some unknown manner. The society has rented the Congregational church until the spring of 1886. The church that was burned was completed under the ministry of Eev. Joseph Eoach, who was in charge here for some years. Eev. Mr. Bell afterward preached some time, but, the people being unable to support a regular minister, none was employed after him until *Eev. J. H. Morphis was engaged, April 1, 1885. The society has about forty members. The Elders are: James Adams, "William Eoach, and I. S. Chenoweth; Trustees, S. H. Nolder and James Adams. The Congregational Church was formed from the Mt. Hope Church, which was organized in 1840. Until 1853 they were served by different pastors, prominent among whom was Eev. S. Spencer, under whose pastorate the membership was greatly in- creased. In 1853 Eev. S. Foster was called, and that year the place of worship was removed to Atlanta, where they occupied Seminary Hall until the completion of their church, in 1857. Eev. Mr. Drake was pastor here for some time and was succeeded by Eev. Mr. Hubbard, alter whom tbere was an interim of no services. Eeve. Shay and J. E. Barnes then successively filled the pulpit, and in the spring of 1885 the church was closed. There is no immediate prospect of better times, as the society is small, num- bering but about twenty members. The church building is at present occupied by the Cumberland Presbyterians. The Presbyterian Church has been organized many years, but, 7)rior to 1868, worshiped in a hall rented for that purpose. That year they completed their house of worship, a comfortable brick structure, which, unfortunately, has cracked and is considered un- safe. The only two regular pastors the society has had were Eev. Crissman and Eev. A. Bartholomew. The future of the society is uncertain, but it is thought the church will be repaired, with a view to monthly services. The Catholics of this place and vicinity erected a church in 1881, at a cost of $1,200, and on the third Sunday of each month services are held by Eev. Charles M. Eeynolds, who lives in Elkhart. Oc- casional services have been held for thirty years. MISCELLANEOUS OEGANIZATIONS. Atlanta Lodge, No. 165, A. F. & A. M.^ was chartered Octo- k. ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 561 ber 2, 1855, with Richard T. Gill as "Worthy Master, Eobert H. Killen as Senior Warden, and George W. Eowell as Junior War- den. There were thirty-three charter members. The present offi- cers are: J. G. Bourne, Worthy Master; R. W. Folts, Senior War- den; 0. Brinkerhoff, Junior Warden; S. H. Fields, Jr., Secretary; S. H. Fields, Treasurer; A. E. Church, Senior Deacon; V. Ham- ilton, Junior Deacon; R. Bright and Sylvester Hoblit, Stewards; Henry Friedman, Tyler. The lodge has thirty members, and meets the first and third Mondays in each month. Atlanta Chapter, No. 188, R. A. M., was organized under dis- pensation, April 19, 1882. Its charter is dated October 27, 1882, and was given to W. T. Kirk, George F. Bennett, A. E. Church, J. G. Bourne, A. W. Chenoweth, Julius W. Regents, John S. Perri- ton,S. H. Fields, A. J. Ludlam, William Daoenbaum, Dennis Ken- yon, C. C. Aldrich and S. I. Leach. The present officers of the chapter are: A. E. Church, High Priest; George F. Bennett, K. ; S. H. Fields, S.; J. G. Bourne, Secretary; A. W. Chenoweth, C. H.; S. H. Fields, Jr., P. S.; W. H. Christie, R. A. C; A. J. Lud- lam, M. 3d v.; J. M, Burkholder, M. 2d V. ; Yaden Hamilton, M. 1st Y. ; W. T. Crain, Tyler. The membership of the chapter, seventeen. It meets the first and third Tuesdays of each month. Logan Lodge, No. 176, /. 0. 0. F., was chartered October 12, 1855^ the following being the first members: Benj. F. Dalzell, Charles B. Vanhorn, Francis M.Tuttle, Jeff'erson L. Dugger, John M. Gill, A. N. Dills, James P. Mead, William B. Vanhorn, James M. Fisher, Isaac V. Gray, Lewis Eishbury and Andrew Downey. The present officers are: Jesse IS'ewman, Jr., Noble Grand; G. W. Hunu, Vice-Grand; W. H. Mason, Secretary; Syl- vester Hoblit, Treasurer. The membership of the lodge is about ninety. Meetings are held on Wednesday evenings. The lodge is in a very sound condition financially, having over $1,800 in the treasury, and owning ninety-four shares iu the Union Hall Associ- ation. These shares cost $25 each, but are now worth $35 to $40. Central Lodge, No. Ill, A. 0. U. W., was organized March 28, 1878, with the following first officers: J. S. Cole, Past Master Workman; S. B. James, Master Workman; A. J. McOlain, F. ; Alfred Turner, 0.; ,W. H. Mason, Recorder; C. H. Turner, Finan- cier; A. J. Reise, Recei\er; M. L. Higgins, G.; W. H. McGahan, I. W. ; George Hoerr, O. W. The present officers are: A. P. West, P. M. W.; F. J. Fields, M. W.; J. T. Lambert, F.; John Schneider, 0.; A. J. Randolph, Recorder; J. S. Cole, Receiver; 5.p 562 HisroKY OF logan county. W. H. Mason, Financier; A. T. Morris, G.; T. D. Tuttle, I. W.; A. J. McLain, O. W. Tiie lodge has fifty-seven members, and meets on Tuesday evenings. Atlanta Lodge, No. 108, /. O.K. A., was organized January 13, 1881, with sixty-six members. The present oflBcers are: M. L. H iggins, President; Joseph Sumners, Yice- President; John W. Spindler, Secretary; Wesley Long, Treasurer. The lodge has about twenty nmembers, and its regular time of meeting is every Satur- day night. Atlanta Post, No. 326, G. A. R., was mustered August 27, 1883, with thirty-nine members. The present oflBcers are: F. J. Fields, Commander; Charles A. Mayers, Senior Yice-Oommander; Joseph Sumners, Junior Yice-Oommander; John A. Wikle, Chaplain; Charles G. Eeise, Quartermaster; Henry Nicodemus, Surgeon; John R Nicholson, Officer of the Day; James BE. Harkreader, Of- ficer of the Guard. The post has sixty-four members, and meets every Monday night at I. O. M. A. Hall. I%e Atlanta Anti-Horsethief Society was organized in 1855, and reorganized March 27, 1884. The Directors are: S. H. Fields, President; W. B. Stroud, Jr., Yice-President; Sylvester Hoblit, Secretary and Treasurer; H. C. Montgomery and A. S. Corthon. A. Larisonis Captain, and John P. Hieronymus, Lieutenant. The society is designed to protect the members against all kinds of thieving, but particularly horsestealing. The captain has full dis- cretion in each case where his services are asked. The expenses are paid by assessments. The last case of horse-stealing was in 1875, and in the thirty years the society has been in existence only two horses were ever lost by members that were not recovered. THE ATLAI^TA LIBRARY is free to all residents. About the year 1872 various funds arising from concerts and other public exercises were set aside for the pur- chase of books for a public library. The library so formed was kept in Mr. Bean's store, and augmented from the same source un- til 1875, when the Library Association was formed under the State law. The books were removed to the Argus office, and the editor, George L. Shoals, made librarian. In the summer of 1881 a room was fitted up in the Town Hall, which has been since occupied. John W. Spindler has been librarian since the removal. The li- brary is open three hours every Saturday afternoon. There are ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 563 now some 800 volumes. The income, about $100 annually, is de- voted to paying the librarian, and for insurance and new books. MILL. The three-story brick mill of Bennett & Each is about twenty years old, and has a capacity of about fifty barrels a day. Corn meal, grist and hominy are manufactured, and shipped principally to the South. HOTELS. Of these there are three: The Atlanta House, by R. & H. Fried- man; Coleman House, by D. L. Coleman, and the Grant House, bj Ed. Newman. PRESS. A history of journalism is given in Chapter VIII. The only paper now published is the Argus, by Crihfield Bros. PROFESSIONAL MEN. The members of the bar residing here are F. L. Capps and J. L. Bevan. The practicing physicians are W. T. K.irk, B. F. Gard- ner, G. M. Angell, A. Bartholomew, C. M. Hough, G. W. Dunn and J. L. Lowry. BIOGEAPHIOAL. Julius^. Arnold, merchant of Atlanta, is a native of Illinois, He was born in McLean County, in January, 1856, and is a son of Obediah and Rosannah (Kenyon) Arnold, the father being now deceased. When a boy he came with his parents to Atlanta, Lo- gan County, where he received a high-school education. At the age of eighteen years he began clerking for the mercantile firm of Randolph & Brother, with whom he remained four years, after which he was employed as a clerk for W. S. Dunham & Son. In 1883 he engaged in business for himself, which he has since suc- cessfully followed. September 26, 1878, he was married to Lola Bail, a daughter of Gibson and Melinda Bail, formerly residents of Atlanta, but now of Dakota. They have one daughter — Bessie, born October 2, 1879. Obediah Arnold, deceased, was a native of Rhode Island, where he was born in July, 1812, and there was reared to manhood. He was married about the year 1837 to Rosannah Kenyon, who was born in Connecticut, March 2, 1819, a daughter of John and Susanna 664 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. Kenyon. Four of the seven children are yet living — Eugene C, Julius E., Emily E. and Ida F. In 1852 Mr. Arnold removed with his wife and two children to McLean County, Illinois, resid- ing there till 1871. He then moved his family to Atlanta, Logan County, where he died soon after his arrival, his death occurring in March, 1871. He was a kind and affectionate husband and father, and was held in high esteem by a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. lu politics he was a Republican. His widow has already passed her threescore years, and is still a resident of At- lanta. She is the owner of a half-section of land in McLean County. James W. Ash^ farmer and stock-raiser of Atlanta Township, was born November 22, 1834, in Gibson County, Indiana, his par- ents, James and Ruth Ash, being natives of Kentucky and Ohio respectively. In 1852 he came to Logan County with his parents and settled on section 30, Atlanta Township, where his father died in 1856, his mother dying in 1865. To his parents were born eleven children — Lucinda, Paulina (deceased), Ann L., Ruth A., Nancy K., Elizabeth O., Martha M., Emily J., James W., John 11. and Samuel F. James "W., our subject, was married in McLean County, 111., September 20, 1863, to Delilah Summers, a daughter of James M. and Mary Summers, the father being a native of Ten- nessee and the mother of Indiana. Mr. Summers came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1849, and settled in tiiis township, where his wife died July 26, 1865. Mr. Ash has followed farming through life, and is now the owner of 196 acres of valuable land. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 176, I. O. O. F. Asa C. Barnes, deceased, was born July 2, 1821, at Oran, Onon- daga County, New York, where he grew to manhood. March 4, 1847, he married Miss Ann S. Leonard, daughter of David H. and Ann M. Leonard, who were natives of New Jersey and Massachu- setts respectively. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Barnes removed to Waukesha County, Wisconsin, remaining there nine years. He removed to Logan County, Illinois, in 1856, and bought a farm in Oran Township, on the Kickapoo River, which is still owned by his widow. In the spring he removed to Atlanta, residing there till his death, which occurred March 25, 1883. He had been in failing health over two years prior to his death. He left a widow, who still resides in Atlanta, and two children — Mrs. Henry Wake- man, of Mason City, and Albert. His son, Irvin, died several years ago. Our subject was one of the associate judges of Logan ■^■i= f ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 565 County under the old organization, receiving his commission in 1861. In 1867 he was one of the three commissioners who divided the county into townsliips, preparatory to the iirst election of town- ship officers. Judge Barnes, as he was familiarly called, was a de- voted husband and father, and in his death Logan County has lost one of her best citizens. His sterling integrity and uncompromis- ing honor as a man can be attested by all who knew him. George F. Bennett, of the firm of Bennett & E.uch, millers and grain dealers, A.tlanta, is a native of Vermont, born January 11, 1836, a son of Arthur and ITancy H. Bennett. When he was two years old his mother died, and he subsequently came with his father and other members of the family to Champaign County, Ohio. While yet a youth he began clerking in a general mercantile store at Woodstock, Ohio, where he was engaged about three years. In 1854 he entered Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1858. J3e was then employed as bookkeeper for a short time for a grain and milling firm at Ur- bana, Ohio. He was engaged in various business enterprises pre- vious to coming to Atlanta, in 1879, since which time he has carried on a grain and milling business. Nov. 14, 1859, he was married to Orpha A. Marsh, of Champaign County, Ohio, and to them have been born eight children — Nellie A., Frederick M., Orpha A., Austin M., Georgiana E., Martha M., Arthur G. and George F. Arthur G. and George F. are deceased. In April, 1861, Mr. Ben- nett enlisted in the three-months service, in Company F, Second Ohio Infanti^, and was with the reserve corps at Bull Run. He re-enlisted in August, 1861, in the Second Ohio Infantry, and par- ticipated in the battles at Wild Cat, Mill Springs, Shiloh and other engagements. He was discharged on account of disability in July, 1862. In the fall of 1863 he enlisted as Captain of Com- pany A, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, Army of the Tennessee, and participated in the battle of Perryville, and in the numerous engagements while with Sherman in his advance on Atlanta, Georgia. He was wounded in tlie leg at Kenesaw Mount- ain, and received an honorable discharge in September, 1864. Mr. Bennett has served two terms as city Alderman, and was a director of the Atlanta public schools for the same length of time. In politics he is a Democrat, and is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. John Bentley, an old settler of Atlanta Township, was born March 12, 1800, in Grayson Countj', Virginia. When he was but ^ 566 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. four weeks old he was brought by bis parents, Benjamin and Re- becca Bentley, to Ohio, they settling about eighteen miles west of Gallipolis, on the Ohio Eiver. When nine years old he accom- panied Ills parents to Highland County, remaining there three years, when they removed to Clinton County, remaining there till their death. John Bentley spent his youth in attending the sub- scription schools of Ohio, and after completing his education he taught one winter termot school in Greene County, that State. He has been married three times, his first wife being Alice (Houghey) Stutevan, by whom he had four children, two of whom are living — Hebecca and Harvey. He was subsequently married to Lucy F. (Ormsby) Hickox, and this union was blessed with one daughter — Serena, now the wife of James M. Boyd. The maiden name of his his present wife was Philena S. Hubbell. She was formerly mar- ried to a Mr. Adams. After spending a short time in McLean County, Illinois, Mr. Bentley came to Atlanta Township in the fall of 1854, where he has since resided, and where he has a farm of 326 acres of land under good cultivation. Mr. Bentley is a self- made man, he having by his own industry, economy and good management acquired his present property. In politics he affiliates with the Hepublican party. Samuel Sevan, deceased, was a native of Ohio, born in 1807, and was a son of Stacy and Lydia Bevan. He was reared in his native State, his educational advantages being limited. In 1836 he came to what is now Logan County, and settl^ in Atlanta Township. February 25, 1836, he was united in marriage to Eliza A. Downey, daughter of James and Mary Downey, who came to Logan County in 1835. Seven children were born to this union — Milton D., Ellen E., Serelda J., John L., Alexander, Richard G. and Annie M. Mr. Bevan was a highly esteemed citizen of this township till his death, which occurred May 20, 1882. He was a consistent member of the Missionary Baptist church, of which he was deacon for many years. He was justice of the peace of Atlanta Township for several years. In politics he was a Republican. His widow at present is a resident of Atlanta, having moved from her homestead farm in the fall of 1883. David M. Boruff, deceased, was born January 2, 1841, in Mon- roe County, Indiana, a son of Samuel Boruff. He lived in his na- tive State till manhood, and in January, 1862, he came to Logan County, Illinois. He was married December 1, 1864, to Sarah Weed, daughter of Peter Weed, a resident of Logan County. Two ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 567 cMldren blessed this union — Corrilla A. and Theodore W. In 1867 Mr. Boruff moved with his family to Atlanta Township, where he settled on a farm located on section 27, where he lived till his death, April 12, 1879. Mr. Boruff served for a short time in the war of the Kebellion, enlisting in Indiana previous to his coming to Logan County. He was a member of the Christian church, and in politics a Democrat. His widow still resides in Atlanta. She is a member of the same church as her husband. She is the owner of a well-improved farm containing 110 acres. Isaac N. Bowers was born July 4, 1833, in Shenandoah County, "Virginia, a son of Christian and Sallie Bowers, who were also na- tives of Virginia. He received but a rudimentary education in his youth, he having early ift life to assist with the farm work. He has followed farming through life and has met with success, and by his energy and industry he has acquired ninety acres of iiue land. He now resides on section 14, Atlanta Township, on which he settled in 1882, coming from Allen County, Kansas. He resided in his native State till 1881 when he moved to Kansas. He was married August 2, 1855, to Eliza Burkholder, a daughter of John and Amelia Burkholder. Nine of the twelve children born to this union are living — Laura Y., Robert B., Nettie G., Minnie B., Ira N., Lillie F., Isaac N., Bessie G. and Adele C. Jacob Brier, a son of M. and S. Brier, was born May 10, 1840, in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. When twelve years old he and his brother, John Brier, joined a colony from the east going to Iowa. They located on land in Washington County, that State, on which they lived for several years. He then came to Logan County, Illinois, and engaged in the butcher's trade, which he has almost continuously followed to the present time. After having been in business at Atlanta about three years, he enlisted in Company E, Seventh Illinois Infantry, the date of his enlist- ment being in July, 1860. He participated in the battles of Bel- mont, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, siege of Nashville, Corinth and Shiloh. He was mustered out of the service in 1862, at Corinth, and for several weeks was engaged as a Recruiting Sergeant. He was afterward employed by officers of the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry as Drum Major, serving as such for six months, and in the summer of 1863 he returned to his home at Atlanta. He was married December 12, 1860, to Georgie C. Goddell, of Logan County. This union has been blessed with four children — EilaM., Hattie, Ulysses S. and Edward. Mr. Brier has been moderately sV ■J« 568 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. successful in business and is classed among the best citisiens of At- lanta. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders and is a comrade of Atlanta Post, No. 326, G. A. R. In politics he is a staunch Republican. Charles R. Cantrall is a native of Logan County, Illinois, and was a son of Zebulon and Mary Cantrall. His father was born August 24, 1805, in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and in 1811 re- moved with his parents to Ohio. He was married in Ohio, March 27, 1828, to Mary McLean, by whom he had seven children, of whom three are living — Smith M., born August 28, 1839; Thomas D., born March 2T, 1841, and Charles R., born June 9, 1853. Those deceased are — Rachel M., born April 8, 1834, died August 10, 1860; James M., born March 14,1830, died November 28, 1868; Robert A., born October 23, 1836, died August 15,1846, and Mary E., born June 30, 1845, died March 15, 1848. Zebulon Cantrall came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1834 and settled on section 36, Atlanta Township. He assisted in the organization of the Presbyterian church at Waynesville in 1836 and for twenty- two years served that church as ruling elder. He was justice of the peace of Atlanta Township for many years, and for several years served as associate judge of Logan County, being a wise and judicious counsellor. His death occurred September 3, 1861, his widow surviving him until February 22, 1882. Charles R. Cantrall, whose name heads this sketch, was reared in Logan County, and here received a fair English education. He was united in marriage December 17, 1873, to Alice McCrary, daugh- ter of Thomas L. and Susan McCrary, the former deceased and the mother living in De Witt County, Illinois. Three children have been born to bless this union — Carrie F., born August 25, 1875; Frank D., born July 14, 1880, and Walter C, born January 22, 1883. In politics Mr. Cantrall casts his vote for the Repub- lican party. He is a member of the Presbyterian church at Waynesville. Alfred W. Chenoweth, the popular dentist of Atlanta, was born June 16, 1842, in Alton, Illinois. When he was an infant his parents, Alfred and Sarah E. Chenoweth, removed to St. Louis, he being educated in the public schools of that city. When he was seven years old his mother died, and at the age of sixteen he was partly thrown on his own resources. In 1859 he went to Ralls County, Missouri, where he was employed as a farm hand until the breaking out of the war. In March, 1862, he enlisted r ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 569 in Company E, Third Missouri State Militia, and for a time was under the respective commands of Generals McNeal and Eose- crans. He was on service principally in Missouri and participated in the capture of GeneralJefferson Thomson, at Pocahontas, Arkan- sas. He took part in the battles of Kirkville, Pilot Knob, the attack on Jefferson City and many other important engagements. He was discharged April 14, 1865, at Macon City, and after the war he came to Quincy, Illinois, where for six years he worked at the painter's trade. He subsequently moved to Decatur where he followed his trade, and at the same time studied dentistry with Dr. K. C. Hawkins. After successfully passing his examinations he practiced dentistry with his preceptor for one year. In May, 1881, he came to Atlanta, where he has established an excellent practice. Mr. Chenoweth was married in February, 1871, to Annie A. Wayne, of Quincy. Of the five children born to this union only two are living — Olive E. and AltaB. Mr. Chenoweth is a member of Atlanta Lodge, No. 165, A. F. & A. M. In pol- itics he alBliates with the Republican party. AzelE. Church, furniture dealer and undertaker of Atlanta, Logan County. He came to Atlanta in the summer of 1857, since which time he has been engaged in his present business, and keeps a large and well-selected stock of goods. Jacob T. Coons was born October 22, 1847, in Morgan County, Ohio, and is a son of Roland and Nancy Coons, his mother now deceased. His parents came to Illinois in 1853, and first settled in McLean County, and in 1855 they came to Atlanta,Logan County. They had a family of four children, three of whom are yet living — Jacob T., our subject, Levi M. and Nancy J. At the age of fourteen years Jacob T. began learning the blacksmith's trade of his father, who for many years was the leading workman of his trade in Atlanta. He has been engaged in business for himself since 1879, and has built up a good trade, being a skilled and reli- able workman. April 26, 1882, he was married to Mary Markland, of Atlanta. In politi2S he casts his suffrage with the Eepubli- can party. John 8. Cornelius, of Atlanta, was born in Adams County, Ohio, July 12, 1826. His parents were Samuel and Elizabeth Cornelius, and were natives respectively of Virginia and Pennsyl- vania. Of their family of seven children only two are living — Kate and John S. John S. remained in his native county until reaching manhood. In 1853 he came to De Witt County, Illinois, — ^ -~ 570 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. and for some time was employed as a salesman by J. P. Dunham & Co., of Waynesville. October 20, 1854, he was married to Elizabeth Leeper, of De Witt County, and in 1856 he came to Atlanta, Logan County, where he was engaged as a salesman for the mercantile firm of A. J. Ludlam & Co., and afterward by Dun- ham & Maltby. In 1860 he again removed to De Witt County and followed farming there four years when he returned to his present home in Atlanta. He is the owner of eighty acres of land, and owns other village property. He and his wife are earnest members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Kepublican. Albert S. Corthon, son of John P. and Elizabeth Corthon, was born October 14, 1827, in Spottsylvania County, Yirginia. When a child he moved with his parents to Logan County, Ohio. When he was five years of age his father died, and when twelve his mother, and he then made his home with his uncle, J. W. Carter. Wm. E. Hamilton, M. D., then of Hunts ville, but now of Peoria, Illinois, was appointed his guardian. At the age of six- teen years he learned the carpenter's trade, starting out to maintain himself. November 14, 1850, he was united in marriage to Mary E. Willmurth, daughter of Joseph and Nancy Willmurth. To this union has been born seven children, five sons — Joseph C, Albert E., William P., Edgar M. and Dighton G., and two daughters- Elizabeth A. and Mary E., all of whom are living. In 1855 Mr. Corthon moved with his wife and two children, accompanied by his father-in-law and family, to Logan County, Illinois, locating at Atlanta, making the journey overland in wagons. Mr. Corthon worked as a carpenter in Atlanta from 1855 to 1858. In 1858 he formed a partnership with the late Andrew Downey and engaged in farming and stock-raising about ten years. He subsequently formed a partnership with the late Alexander Downey, with whom he engaged in farming and stock-raising several years. In 1873 he settled on his present place on section 28. He has been successful in all his undertakings, owing to his persevering indus- try and good management. He has now 135 acres of land in this township, 120 of which is under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Corthon is a member of Atlanta Lodge, I. 0. O. F., and has taken the honorary degrees. His wife has taken the Eebecca degree. He and his wife are Methodists, being identified with the church since its organization, and are active members. Mr. Corthon served for many years as trustee and for the past four years as district steward. In politics he and his five sons are rising Eepublicans. ^ ^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 571 William D. Grain, deceased, was bora in Logan County, Ken- tucky, September 21, 1819, and was a son of Armsted and Sarah Grain. He was reared to manhood in his native State, and August 13, 1840, he was united in marriage to Martha A. McJVIillin, daughter of William B. and Hannah McMillin. They had a family of nine children — ^Wesley T., Charlotte A., Virgil A., Cyrila M.,Emma A., William H., Josephus N., Calvin "W. and Lemuel, who died of measles while serving in the late war. William D. Crain en- listed in the late war in September, 1862, as Second Lieutenant of Company K, Eighth Kentucky Union Cavalry, and was in active service till his death, March T, 1863, caused by pneumonia, brought on by a fall from his horse. His widow and her family came to Illinois in a wagon, being fourteen days on the road, and settled in Hope Township, McLean County. Not having sufficient means to purchase a farm she rented land till 1875, when she pur. chased forty acres, on which she resided till March, 1880. She then came to Atlanta with her daughter, where she has since lived. She is a member of the Congregational church. A. G. Dalzell, proprietor livery, sale and feed stable, Atlanta, Illinois. Andrew J. Deffenbaugh, a respected citizen of Atlanta Town- ship, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, a son of Andrew and Harriet Deffenbaugh. When he was five years of age his parents removed to McLean County, Illinois, and settled in what is now Leroy Towuship, where they resided till their death. They had a family of eight children of whom five are living — Otha, Sophia, Elizabeth, Exy, and Andrew J., our subject. The latter was mar- ried to Sarah E. Chappell, of McLean County, and this union has been blessed with two children, a son and a daughter. Mr. Deffen- baugh settled in the southern part of Atlanta Township in the fall of 1861, where he has since made his home. He has been very successful in his farming pursuits, and is now the owner of 630 acres of land. He was bereft by the loss of his wife in April, 1882. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. John J. Downey is a native of Logan County, born August 15, 1854r, a son of Andrew D. and Elizabeth (Gill) Downey, the father being a native of Ohio, and one of the earliest settlers of Atlanta Township, and the mother a native of Indiana. When he was twelve years old his father died, his mother dying two years later, leaving him an orphan at the age of fourteen years. After his mother's death he went to Bloomington, Illinois, and made his sFT 572 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. home with his sister, Mrs. H. W. Leach, for several years. He attended Shurtleff College at Alton, Illinois , over two years, and later spent a short time at the Commercial Business College, at Bloomington. He was then engaged for one year as cashier for the firm of J. E. Houtz & Co., dealers in dry-goods at Blooming- ton, and for three years he filled a similar position with J. H. Earl of the same city. In 18T9 he returned to Atlanta, and formed a partnership with J. M. Shipley in the jewelry business. The business was conducted under the firm name of Shipley & Downey until June, 1885, when Mr. Shipley retired from the firm leaving Mr. Downey sole proprietor. September 29, 1881, he was married to Ida Buchanan. They have one child — Leslie. Mr. Downey is at present mayor of Atlanta, having been elected to that office in March, 1885. He is one of the directors of the At- lanta public schools, and is ranked among the enterprising and public-spirited young men of this township. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and in politics he is a Republican. W. S. Dunham, senior member of the firm of W. S. Dunham & Son, Atlanta, is a son of William W. and Mary G. Dunham, his father being for many years editor of the Providence, Rhode Island, Journal, in the early infancy of that paper. His parents came from Rhode Island to Ohio, and were among the first settlers of Washington County, where the subject of this sketch was born, September 28, 1827. In the spring of 1831 his parents removed to Waynesville, De Witt County, Illinois, where his father died, his mother surviving his death for many years. He received but a limited common-school education, attending school during his spare time during the winter months, he being obliged to assist with the work of the farm during the summer. He left home at the age of sixteen years, and for the two years following he was employed in the various departments of farming. When eighteen he entered the mercantile establishment of A. B. Lewis, at Waynesville, Illinois, as a clerk, with whom he remained three years and four months, beginning on a salary of $60 per year, which was gradually increased to $200 at the beginning of his third year's service. In 1848 he engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Waynesville with 0. H. Ormsby, which was conducted one year under the firm name of Ormsby & Dunham, when a third partner was admitted to the firm, the business then being carried on for twenty-two months under the firm name of Ormsby, Dun- ham & Lowrey. Mr. Dunham then formed a partnership with his »V A L^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 573 brothers, Jeremiah P. and Thomas E. Dunham, which firm con- tinued under the name of J. P. Dunham & Co. till 1864, when our subject retired from the firm. In June, 1856, he began a gen- eral mercantile busines.s at Atlanta in company with Harrison Maltby, the firm of Dunham & Maltby existing until 1869, when Mr. Dunham sold his interest to his partner. He has continued in the mercantile trade since 1859, being associated with various parties, the present firm existing since 1879. Although having met with reverses he has been in the main very successful, being a man of more than average business management. During a part of the years 1862 and 1863 he, in partnership with Levi Shores and J. M. Parkinson, engaged in the wholesale grocery trade at Chicago, Illinois, the firm being known as Shores, Dun- ham & Co. He is one of the charter members of what is now known as the Illinois Midland Railway. He, in company with A. N. Dills, built twenty-six miles of that road, and from 1869 to 1875 he served as one of the directors. He served as trustee of Atlanta while a village, and in various ways was instrumental in the growth and advancement of this place. He has been twice mar- ried, his first wife being Adeline Branson. He was subsequently married to Martha E. Harrison, of Waynesville, Illinois, and to this union have been born five children, of whom four survive — Adeline B., Katie F., "William S. and Minetta E. Samuel H. Fields, a representative citizen of Atlanta, Illinois, was born April 4, 1832, in Cheshire, Connecticut, and was a son of Samuel and Eliza (Brooks) Fields. Having received a fair Eng- lish education he left his paternal home, and for a time followed the tinner's trade. In 1854 he came to Ogle County, Illinois, where with A. H. Fields and S. B. Sherwood he formed a part- nership in the grain and lumber trade the firm doing business under the title of Fields & Sherwood. In 1856 he and Mr. Sher- wood came to Atlanta, Illinois, where they embarked in the lum- ber trade, doing business under the firm name of Sherwood & Fields, until 1858, when the partnership was dissolved, leaving Mr. Fields sole proprietor. In addition to his lumber trade he has since added that of coal, lime, salt and agricultural implements. He has been prosperous in business, being possessed of good busi- ness qualifications. He is now serving his fourth term as super- visor of Atlanta Township, and is also chairman of the County Board of Supervisors. He was elected the first mayor of Atlanta after receiving her city charter, and has served one term since. TT 574 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. He is a member of Atlanta Lodge, No. 165, A. F. & A. M. ; of Atlanta Chapter, No. 188, Royal Arch Masons; is a member of Constantine Commandery, No. 51, Knights Templar, at Lincoln, Illinois, and is also a member of Oriental Consistory Ancient Accepted Scottish Eite Masons, of Chicago. In politics he affiliates with the Re- publican party. In November, 1857, our subject was united in marriage with Mary L. Leonard, of Atlanta, and to them have been born two children — Seward H. and Mary E., deceased. Mr. Fields ranks among our most enterprising citizens. Stephan L. Foley was born near Springfield, Clarke County, Ohio, April 27, 1831, a son of Stephan and Elizabeth Foley, the father being a native of Virginia and the mother of Pennsylvania. In the fall of 183 i he came with his parents to Logan County, Illinois, they settling in Atlanta Township, near the place where our subject now resides, and here his father entered 400 acres of land. The parents lived in this township till their death, that of the father occurring in 1849, his widow surviving till 1864. They had a family of twelve children, of whom seven are living — Cath- erine, Millie, Elsie, Mary, James, Elizabeth A. and Stephan L, Those deceased are — John, Annie, Sarah, Fannie and William. Our subject was reared and educated in the district schools of Logan County. He was first married in April, 1855, to Phcebe Houchin, who died April 14, 1861. He was again united in mar- riage August 10, 1863, to Emeline Hanley, of Logan County, for- merly of Ohio. Of the three children born to this union two are living — Fannie L. and James B. Mr. Foley has been successful in his farming pursuits and now owns 240 acres of fine land. He has served his township three years as road supervisor. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Russell W. Folts, proprietor of the Atlanta Meat Market, was born June 13, 1835, in Syracuse, New York, a son of William and Elethere Folts. He was educated in the public schools of his na- tive city, and at the age of fifteen years he began learning the blacksmith's trade, which he followed several years. In the winter of 1857 moved with his parents to Cassel, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. His father was a skillful and experienced workman at the blacksmith's trade, and was engaged in business in Cassel till 1864, when he came to Atlanta, Logan County, Illinois, and while here served as deputy sheriff, constable and city marshal. He died in 1869, his widow survivins till 1872. They were the par- ents of five children — Ebon D., William R., George W., Catherine SC ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 575 and Russell W. Russell W. left his home in Wisconsin and came to Atlanta, Illinois, and has since coming here been engaged in various profitable enterprises and is meeting with success in his present business. He was married in July, 1863, to Mary E. Stout, of Atlanta. Three children have been born to this union, two of whom are living — Russell M. and Harry J. Mr. Folts is a member of Atlanta Lodge, No. 165, A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to the Odd Fellows order of which he is a representative member. In politics he is a Republican. John B. Orint&r, of Atlanta, Illinois, was born August 17, 1823, in Logan County, Kentucky, where he was reared and there re- ceived a limited education. His parents, Francis and Susan Grin- ter, were natives of Virginia. October 19, 184:9, he was united in marriage to Sarah Young who was born June 22, 1830, in Wash- ington County, Tennessee, a daughter of Henry and Deborah Young. Seven children have been born to them — Francis H., Mary F., Imogene L., John S. and three who are deceased. In the fall of 1851 Mr. Grinter came with his family to Illinois and settled on a farm in Mount Hope Township, McLean County. He came to Atlanta, Logan County, in 1863, where he has since made his home. Mr. Grinter is the owner of a good farm in Oran Township, this county. He and his wife are members of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church. In politics he is a TrohibitioDist. John Groves, one of the successful farmers of Atlanta Town- ship, was born in Madison County, Ohio, April 6, 1823, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Summers) Groves, who were natives of Virginia. He was reared to manhood and received a limited edu- cation in the district schools of his native State. September 15, 1847, he was married to Elizabeth J. Cheney, who was born July 22, 1830, a daughter of Benjamin and Priscilla Cheney, of Cham- paign County, Ohio. Five children have been born to them — Florence A., Lawrence, Henry, Emma and Edwin, of whom the lat- ter three are deceased. Mr. Groves came to De Witt County, Illinois, with his family in 1851, remaining there till 1867 when he came to Logan County and settled in Atlanta Township, where he is the owner of a fine farm of 115 acres. He is a member of Wayne Lodge, A. F. &. A. M.. of Waynes ville, Illinois. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. John B. Hale was born near Nashville, Tennessee, February 7, 1830, a son of Isaac and Sarah Hale. In 1835 his parents re- 576 HISTORY OF LO&AN COUNTY. moved to Illinois, locating in McLean County, where they lived several years. Subsequently they removed to Decatur, and later to Springfield, where the father aied. John D. and Isaac are the only survivors of the family of seven children. After the death of the father the mother married a Mr. Barnett who also died, and she is now living in E.ansas. Our subject's educational advan- tages were limited, having no opportunity for attending school, and such education as he received was obtained at home. After the death of his father Mr. Rale returned to McLean County. Re was married in Logan County, Illinois, in October, 1859, to Elizabeth Lappin, who was born and reared to maturity in Madi- son County, Ohio, coming with her parents to Illinois in 1852. To this union has been born one son- -Jacob F., born February 27, 1861. Mr. Rale returned to Logan County in the fall of 1859, he having lived near Mount Pulaski a short time previous to his mar- riage. Re has made farming his principal avocation through life, and is now the owner of a fine farm of eighty-five acres in Atlanta Township. In politics Mr. Rale is a Prohibitionist. Francis M. HaHey, farmer and stock-raiser of Atlanta Town- ship, was born July 8, 1855, in Logan County, Illinois, a son of Lewis and Elizabeth Rarley, the father now deceased. His par- ents settled on the place where our subject now resides in 1855, where his father died in January, 1873. Francis M. was reared to manhood on a farm and received a common-school education. February 22, 1877, he was married to Delia Tuttle, a daughter of Guy R. and Martha A. Tuttle, of McLean County, Illinois. One child, Edna, has been born to this union. Mr. Rarley has been successful in his farming operations and now has a well-improved farm in this township, and an equally fine residence. Re also has property in McLean County. In politics he is a Republican. Elias Harness was born February 5, 1826, in Greene County, Ohio, a son of Peter and Susannah Rarness, who were natives of Virginia and of German descent. Re was reared to manhood in his native county and obtained his education in the early subscrip- tion schools. Re was married in De Witt County, Illinois, March 2, 1848, to Martha J. Strong, born in Greene County, Ohio, No- vember 26, 1828, a daughter of John V. and Sallie Strong, who settled in Logan County, Illinois, as early as 1847. After their marriage they returned to Greene County, and in the fall of 1850 they settled in Atlanta Township, Logan County, Illinois, even before Atlanta was a village, his land now being part of its site. (j:>yck to market for years. He was married in May, 1868, to Mary A. Eastman, a daughter of Rev. Larnard L. and Lucy A. Eastman, who were formerly of Han- over, New Hampshire, but now residents of Methuen, Massachu- setts. In April, 1878, he was appointed assistant superintendent of the State Reform School, at Jamesburg, New Jersey, and his wife being a lady of excellent qualitications, was engaged as a teacher in the same institution, they holding their respective positions till June, 1884, when they resigned, and in the springof 1885 returned to Atlanta, Logan County. Mrs. McFadden's brother is the pres- ent superintendent of the State Reform School for boys at Provi- dence, Rhode Island. Mr. McFadden is a member of the Odd Fellows order. In politics he casts his suifrage with the Republi- can party. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. Jeremiah Miller, deceased, was born January 27, 1827, in Shelby County, Kentucky. When he was two years old his parents, Dabner 37 wr 588 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. and Elizabeth Miller, moved to Monroe County, Indiana, where he was reared to manhood. In 1848 he came to Logan County, Illinois, and was married February 2, 1850, to Sarah A. Hawes, a daughter of John and Sarah Hawes, who were early settlers of this county. Six of the seven children born to this union are living — Arthur P., Clara A., Jolin E., Charles A., Frank H., and William A. Mr. Miller located in Orvil Township soon after his mar- riage and there he lived for many years, residing in the neighbor- hood of Betiiel Church. After leaving Orvil Township he resided for a short time in Eminence Township, and in the fall of 1876 he removed to Lincoln that his children might have better educa- tional advantages. He returned subsequently to his farm in Emi- nence Township, remaining there until the spring of 1882, when business interests at Atlanta caused his removal to that place. His death occurred at Atlanta, October 2, 1885, and his remains were interred in Bethel Cemetery, Orvil Township. He was an active member of the Christian church, serving several years as deacon, and as a citizen he was highly esteemed in this community. His widow still makes her home in Atlanta. She is also a mem- ber of the Christian church. Henry G. Montgomery^ a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Atlanta Township, residing on section 16, was born October 13, 1825, in Gibson County, Indiana. His parents, Thomas and Catherine Montgomery, were natives of Kentucky and Tennessee respectively. He received a limited education in the district schools of his native county, and from his youth has been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He left Gibson County in 1847, and started for Illinois, and after a long and tedious ride on horseback over rough roads and Indian trails, he finally reached Logan County, where for the first three years he made his home with the late Harvey Turner. In 1850 he bought his first eighty acres of land which was located where he now resides. He is one of the most successful farmers of this township, and is the owner of 366 acres of land in Atlanta Township, and eighty acres in McLean County. He was married in February, 1854, to Celinda Andrews, of Rhode Island. Two sons were born to them — Harvey T. and "William H., of whom William H. is deceased. Mrs. Montgomery died in July, 1857, and in October, 1858, he was married to Miss L. A. Beardsly, of Genesee County, New York. The children born to this union are — Thomas E., Isaac J., Harriet M., Minnie B. and Judson W., of whom Isaac J. is deceased. Mr. Montgomery , ■^1 ^' — ^ :: ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 589 is a member of the Free-Will Baptist church, and p^ives largely of his means to the support of the same. In politics he is a Republican. Charles H. Pierce, one of the stockholders of the Greenview Coal Company, of Menard County, Illinois, was born November 4, 1834, in Sangamon County, Illinois. He is a son of Charles R. and Melinda (Anderson) Pierce, who are both natives of Tennessee, but now living in Leavenworth, Kansas. Of his father's family of twelve children, eleven survive — Caroline, Tennessee, George, Isaac, Mary, Charles H., Perry, Tabner, Cassie, Clinton and Ann. Our subject was reared to manhood in his native county, and received a common-school education. In 1855 he went to Kansas where for a few years he engaged in farming. For several years prior to the breaking out of the late war he was engaged in super- intending the transfer of the traffic across the plains by contractors who had charge of the route. In the fall of 1861 he was employed by the Government as wagon-master of Kansas, in which position he served about six months. In the meantime he was captured by some Confederate soldiers, but was shortly after released. In the spring of 1862 he was sent by the Government to New Mexico on a similar service which he followed till the close of the war. He came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1865, and with the exception of two years spent in Arkansas he has since lived here, and is now a resident of Atlanta. June 10, 1869, Mr. Pierce was married to Mrs. Annie (Stevens) Tuttle, widow of the late Francis M. Tuttle, of Logan County. In politics Mr. Pierce affiliates with the Republican party. Adoniram J. Randolph was born July 8, 1839, in De "Witt County, Illinois, a son of William and Matilda Randolph, his parents being natives of North Carolina. He was reared on a farm till sixteen years of age, and received a good common-school education. In 1861 he went to Bloomington, Illinois, and in company with Noah H. Smith engaged in the dry-goods business which he followed three years, under the firm name of Smith & Randolph. He was then employed as a salesman by the firm of W. H. Johnson & Co., until 1867, when he came to Atlanta, Logan County, and formed a partnership with W. R. Barkshire, with whom he was associated in the mercantile business till 1871. He subsequently engaged in the same business with his brother, the firm name being A. J. Randolph & Brother. In 1878 he sold his interest to his brother and engaged in the insurance business. He represents various insurance companies, among them being fk. ~s V ^^ 590 HI8T0ET OF LO&AN COUNTY. the following: Phoenix, of Hartford; Home, of New York; Under writers, of New York; Queen, of Liverpool, England ; North western National, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; and the Fire Associa- tion, of Philadelphia. Mr. Eandolph was married in February, 1864, to Margaret E. Morris, daughter of John and Elizabeth Morris, formerly of Atlanta but now deceased. One child, Delia L., has been born to them. She is now deceased. In 1881 Mr. Eandolph was elected justice of the peace and served as such four years. In the spring of 1 885 he was again elected to the ofiBce of police magistrate. He served one term as councilman, prior to its admission as a city, and has also served as alderman of the First "Ward one term. He is one of the signers of the charter granting Atlanta city privileges. He is a member of Central Lodge, No. Ill, A. O. U. W., of Atlanta. Thomas M. Reeves, deceased, was born November 17, 1840, in Hamilton County, Ohio. He was a son of Daniel B. and Eliza- beth Eeeves, with whom when a boy he came to Illinois. He was reared and educated in the common schools of Logan County, and February 22, 1866, he was married to Harriet Clayton, who came with her parents, Joseph and Mary Clayton, from Perry County, Ohio, to Tazewell County, Illinois, when a child. To this union were born four children — "William E., born May 13, 1867; James D., January 22, 1870; Thomas D., June 6, 1876, and Frederick C, February 1, 1879. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Reeves settled in Atlanta Township, living here till his death, which occurred April 5, 1881. He was a kind, affectionate husband and father, and during his residence here won the respect of all who knew him. He served as a soldier in the late war, and partici- pated in many hotly contested battles, the hardships and exposure which he endured being the primitive cause of his early death. In his religious views he was a Presbyterian, serving his church for some time as an elder. His widow, who at present is a resi- dent of Atlanta, is also identified with the Presbyterian church. In politics Mr. Eeeves was a Republican. He belonged to the Odd Fellows order, and to the Ancient Order of United "Workmen. Augustus Beise is a native of Saxony, Germany, born Novem- ber 25, 1821, a son of Charles A. and Caroline Reise. -They had a family of eight children of whom six survive — Augustus, Fred- erica, Caroline, Frederick, Charles G. and Herman, who came with them to America in 1844. The family first went to St. Louis where they remained many years. The parents subsequently came to db ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 591 Atlanta, Logan County, living there till their death. Our subject came to Logan County in 1851, and in 1857 located on a farm near Atlanta, settling on the place where he now resides in 1867. Mr. Eeise was first married in July, 1847, to Elizabeth German, who died in August, 1881. To this union were born five children, four still living — Clara, Augustus J., Amelia and Lillie M. In May, 1884, Mr. Eeise was married to his present wife, whose maiden name was Mary Mehrtens. Mr. Eeise represented Logan County in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly of Illinois, serv- ing with credit both to himself and to his constituents. He was tendered a renomination, but declined to 'accept. He has served as councilman of Atlanta, and also as director of the public schools. Chwrlea O. Heise, farmer and dealer in ice, Atlanta, is a native of Saxony, Germany, born June 5, 1832, a son of Charles A. and Caroline Eeise. He immigrated with his parents to America in 1844, and in 1851 from St./ Louis he came to Logan County, Illi- nois, locating near Atlanta, and in 1862 settled in Atlanta. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Eighty-second Illinois In- fantry, and shortly after his enlistment he was promoted to Orderly Sergeant, serving as such during the remainder of his service. Prior to his discharge, which occurred June 9, 1865, he was commissioned First Lieutenant, but failed to be mustered in as such. He took an active part in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chattanooga, Peach Tree Creek, Savannah, Smithfield, Iforth Carolina, and numerous others of minor importance. He was united in marriage July 22, 1866, to Adeline Mehrtens, by whom he has had seven children, of whom four are living — Julius A., Charles J., John D. and William F. Mr. Eeise is at present filling the position of road commissioner of Atlanta Township, having been elected such in the spring of 1885. In politics he af- filiates with the Democratic party. He is a comrade of the Grand Army post at Atlanta. Thomas Roach, farmer and stock-raiser of Atlanta Township, was born near Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1843, a son of Needham and Mary A. (Beeworth) Eoach. When he was a boy his parents removed to Logan County, Illinois, where he was reared to man- hood. February 26, 1877, he was married to Mary Pierce, and to them has been born one child — Opha D. Mr. Eoach has made farming his principal occupation through life, and is classed among the enterprising farmers of Atlanta Township. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. His father, Needham ' -f « »- 592 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Koach, was a son of John and Rachel Roach. He was a native of Tennessee, born in 1799. In 1838 he moved to Morgan County with his first wife and family. By his first marriage he had six children of whom five are yet living. He was subsequently mar- ried to Mary A. Beeworth, and to this union were born nine chil- dren, five yet living. The father settled with his family in Atlanta Township in 1852, where he died in 1867. His widow married her present husband, Reason Mills, in February, 1875. Mr. Roach was .for many years a local minister in the Cumberland Presbyte- rian church. James M. Buck, junior member of the firm of Bennett & Ruch, millers and dealers in grain, is a son of Henry and Sarah Ruch. He was born January 6, 1837, in York County, Pennsylvania, and in 1840 moved with his parents to Butler County, Ohio, where his father died in 1847. His parents had a family of five children of whom three survive — John, Elizabeth and James M. Our subject was reared on a farm till his nineteenth year, and received the benefit of a common-school education. After leaving the farm he engaged in milling in Butler County where he followed his trade till 1868, after which he was similarly employed in Darke and Mi- ami counties, Ohio, a short time. In 1868 he came to Illinois and followed his trade two years at Bloomington, and was subsequently employed a short time at Cerro Gordo, Piatt County, Illinois. He was afterward employed at Decatur and Peoria, and in 1879 he became a resident of Atlanta. After coming to this place he was first employed by the firm of Marsh &, Bennett, the former with- drawing from the firm in 1883 when Mr. Ruch was admitted as a partner. He is a skillful and experienced miller, and thoroughly understands all branches of his business. January 1, 1863, he was married to Melinda B. Beeling, of Butler County, Ohio. In poli- tics Mr. Ruch is a Prohibitionist. He has held the office of city alderman for two terms. He is a member of Atlanta Lodge, No. 176, 1. O. O. F. Ahram V. Scott, contractor and builder, of Atlanta, Illinois, was born December 6, 1824, in Onondaga County, New York, a son of Benjamin and Hannah Scott. His father is deceased, and his mother is now a resident of Syracuse, New York. He lived on a farm in his native county till eighteen years of age, when he be- gan learning the carpenter's trade, which he has since followed. September 6, 1849, he was married to Harriet N. Shoudy, a daugh- ter of Henry Shoudy, of Onondaga County. Five children have been -^ ±i^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 593 born to them— Ansel F., Albert M., Ella M., Edgar H. and Nellie G. Ella is deceased. In 1856 Mr. Scott moved with his family to Logan County, Illinois, and located at Atlanta where for many years he has been one of the leading contractors and builders. He has served as a director of Atlanta public schools lor six years, and for four years was city alderman. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, serving as local preacher for many years, and also as class-leader and steward. Mr. Scott gives liber- ally of his means to the support of his church and all public en- terprises for the good of his adopted county. SiTrmi B. Scott, merchant at Atlanta, is a native of Scotland, born November 7, 1823. "When he was seven years old he came with his parents, George T. and Sarah B. Scott, to America, and first located in Ehode Island. In 1843 the family removed to Lo- gan County, Illinois, and settled on section 26, Eminence Town- ship. In 1852 they removed to Tazewell County, Illinois, where Mrs. Scott died, her husband surviving till 1882. Of their family of nine children seven are living— Elizabeth, Sarah, George, John, "William, Frank, and Simon B., our subject. The latter followed agricultural pursuits till 1879 when he came to Atlanta and en- gaged in the mercantile business which he has since successfully followed. Jnne 18, 1851, he was married to Nancy Bruner, a daughter of David Bruner, of Eminence Township, Logan County. To them have been born six children — Sarah E., Ada L., OUie B., Fannie F., Mary and Emma. Mary and Emma are deceased. In politics Mr. Scott casts his suffrage with the Republican party. "While a resident of Eminence Township he held the office of treas- urer of that township. James Shores, senior member of the mercantile firm of Shores & Sumner, was born November 20, 1823, in "Wayne County, IlliiMjis, a son of Hiram and Tincy Shores, who were natives of TeuTiessee. He was reared to- manhood in his native county, and obtained a good common-school education. Alter completing his education he tanght seven years in the public schools of Sangamon and Logan counties. He came to Atlanta in 1856 where he has since been variously engaged. The present firm of Shores & Sum- ner is prospering under his good business management and is meeting with success. December 1, 1849, Mr. Shores was married to Louisa Ewing, a daughter of Joseph and Henrietta Ewing, who were early settlers of Logan County. Six of the eight children born to this union are still living— Arthur J., Alice, Frank, James — SiS"^ tt, 594 HI8T0ET OF LOflAN COUNTY. C, Georgie and Fern. Mr. Shores has been a director of the At- lanta public schools for years. He has also served as city alderman and for one year he held the office of mayor. He is a consistent member of the Christian church. In politics he is a Prohibi- tionist. John A. Snook, a prominent farmer of Atlanta Township, was born March 11, 1820, in Frederick County, Maryland, a son of John and Elizabeth Snook. His parents had a family of five children of whom four are yet living — George, William, Jacob B., and John A. Our subject received but a limited education, and from his youth he has devoted his time to agricultural pursuits which he has followed with success. He left Maryland when eleven years old and went to Muskingum County, Ohio, remaining there several years. He then located in Miami County, where he was married to Alchee Hendricks, a daughter of Albert Hendricks. Of the family of twelve children born to this union eight are liv- ing — George "W"., Mary E. , Esther Y., Nancy J., Miranda, Joseph, Jacob and Thomas. Mr. Snook removed from Ohio with his family to Jay County, Indiana, residing there several years. In 1864 he came to Illinois and settled in McLean County, and in the fall of 1866 he removed to Atlanta Township, Logan County, where he still resides. He has a fine farm of 336 acres of land all in a high state of cultivation. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. Sylvester Strong, an old settler of Atlanta Township, was bom September 3, 1805, in Cincinnati, Ohio, a son of Nathaniel and Loas Strong. When he was an infant he was taken by his grand- parents, Noah and Susannah Strong, to Greene County, Ohio, and there he was reared, and received a limited education in the early district schools. He was married November 6, 1828, in Ohio, to Elizabeth Downey, a native of Greene County, born September 3, 1809, a daughter of James and Mary Downey. Three children have been born to this union — John, Mary J. and Emma. The latter is deceased. In 1836 Mr. Strong moved with his family from Ohio to what is now Logan County, Illinois, and entered 160 acres of land in Atlanta Township, on a part of which he still re- sides. Mr. Strong has been successful in his farming pursuits, owing to his industry and excellent management. He has now a fine farm containing eighty acres of valuable land. In politics he is a Eepublican. Mr. Strong has always taken an interest in every enterprise which he deemed of benefit to his adopted county, and '-^ ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 595 he and his wife have ever been held in high esteem in the township in which they make their home. Andrew Turner, a prominent stock dealer of Atlanta, was born February 24, 1827, a native of Indiana. He is a son of Robert and Catherine Turner, the former a native of Tennessee, and the latter born in South Carolina. The family came to Illinois in 1830, and located in what is now Menard County. In 1831 they removed to De Witt County, remaining there several years. In 18i3 Robert Turner went to Jo Daviess County, his family following him there the next year. During the gold excitement of 1849 he, with several of his sons, including our subject, went to California where he died in 1852. He had a family of eleven children of whom only two survive — Andrew and Charles M. Andrew, the subject of this sketch, returned from California in 1853, and March 4, 1855, he was married to Emma Strong, a daughter of Sylvester and Elizabeth Strong. Two children have been born to them — Lillie J. and Josephine. Josephine is deceased. Mrs. Turner died in 1866, and Mr. Turner was again married, April 14, 1869, to Ella W. Briggs, she being a daughter of J. S. and Amanda Briggs, of Taze- well County, Illinois. The cliildren of this union are — Clyde and Ray. Mr. Turner has served one year as city alderman. He is a member of the Baptist and his wife of the Christian church. In politics he votes the Republican ticket. He is the owner of seventy acres of fine land, located inside the limits of Atlanta. Charles M. Turner, a resident of Atlanta, is engaged in dealing in and shipping stock. He is a son of Robert and Catherine Turner, and is a native of Illinois, born in De Witt County, Sep- tember 15, 1835. He received a common-school education, and when a boy he came with his parents to Logan County, where he has since lived, with the exception of the time he spent in Cal- ifornia, and in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. December 18, 1856, he was united in marriage to Mary J. Strong, a daughter of Syl- vester Strong, of Atlanta Township, Logan County. Six children have been born to this union, five of whom are yet living — Benjamin, Carrie, William, John and Emma. Mr. Turner has been engaged in his present business for many years, which by his good manage- ment he has made a success. He is a member of Atlanta Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and in politics he afiSliates with the Republican party. James Tuttle, an old settler of Atlanta Township, was born in Athens County, Ohio, December 16, 1806. His parents, Chandler and Jane (Neal) Tuttle, were natives of New England, and early ^ 596 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTIT. settlers of Ohio. They had a family of seven children, of whom three are living — James, Abigail and Cyrus. After the death of his first wife Chandler was married to Catherine Baldwin by whom he had six children. Our subject lived in his native county till about ten years of age, when he moved with his parents to Greene County where he was reared to manhood. He was married in Ohio, March 25, 1830, to Harriet Hatch, and of the six children born to this union three are living — Guy H., Thomas D. and Electa J. Francis M., Margaret and an infant unnamed are deceased. Francis M. served in the late war about three years. He was a First Lieutenant in the Thirty-eighth Illinois In- fantry. Mrs. Tuttle died September 5, 1866, and Mr. Tuttle was married July 24, 1873, to Emma (Hatch) Turner, who was born in December, 1809. Mr. Tuttle is an energetic and progressive farmer and has met with excellent success in his agricultural pur- suits. He is the owner of a fine farm containing 140 acres. In 1847 he was a member of the Old State Constitutional Convention, and for several years served as supervisor of Atlanta Township. In politics he is a Republican. _ Peter Weed, of Atlanta, is a native of Cayuga County, New York, born April 24, 1795. His parents, Gilbert and Margaret Weed, were natives of Connecticut and New York States respec- tively. Our subject was reared to manhood in his native State, and received a rudimentary education in the schools of that early day. From his youth he has always followed agricultural pur- suits. In 1838 he came to Bloomington, Illinois, remaining there some time. He came to what is now known as Logan County as early as 1843, settling in Atlanta Township, where he still makes his home. He has been twice married, first in New York State to Clarissa Barber, and of eight children born to this union four are living — Caroline M., Phoebe, Lucy A. and Theodore. His second marriage occurred August 27, 1872, to Mrs. Elenora (Pritchett) Buclianan. Mrs. Weed had by her first marriage two daughters — Ida and Eliza. Mr. Weed at one time owned 600 acres of land, occupying the present site of Normal, Illinois, which land he bought at an early day for $1.25 per acre. Notwithstanding his advanced years Mr. Weed is enjoying good health, and he may yet live to be a centenarian. In politics he aifiliates with the Demo- cratic party. Hiram W. 'White, a merchant of Atlanta, was born October 12, 1854, in Jackson County, Ohio. His parents, Hiram W. and ATLANTA TOWNSHIP. 597 Bosanna White, were natives of New York and Ohio respectively, and when he was a boy he removed with them to Olney, Richland County, Illinois. He received a ^ood education, attending for nearly three years the Illinois Industrial University at Cham- paign. At the age of eighteen years he began studying telegraphy, and has since filled the position of telegraph operator and station agent at various stations, on several different railway lines, and was for a time agent for the Illinois Midland Railway at Atlanta. He resigned a similar position at Oakland, Illinois, in 1883, to en- gage in his present mercantile trade at Atlanta, His wife, Kate D., is a daughter of W. S. Dunham, of Atlanta. Mr. and Mrs. White have had three children born to them, two of whom are liv- ing—Ada F. and Harry W. In polities Mr. White affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order. l^ CHAPTER XIX. BROADWELL TOWNSHIP. Geogbaphioal Desoeiption. — Official List, 1867-85. — Statistics. — Political. — BeoadwellVillage. — Geowth — Business Men of To-DAT. — Lodge and Ohueohes. — Inooepoeation. — Biogeaphi- EOAL. Broadwell is one of the four townships occupying the center of Logan County and is bounded on the north by West Lincoln Town- ship, on the east by Chester Township, on the south by Elkhart Township, and on the west by Corwin Township. The Chicago & Alton Kailroad runs across it diagonally, northeast and southwest, having one station within its limits — Broadwell. The township is drained by Salt Creek, which flows along its east and north sides, and Lake Pork, which joins Salt Creek in this township. TOWNSHIP OFFIOEKS. Following are those elected to the several township offices each year from 1867 to 1885, inclusive: 1867 — Supervisor, John A. Critchfield; Clerk, Theodore G. Keller; Assessor, George "W. Read; Collector, Henry D. Slayton; Highway Commissioners, Jacob Gier, D. K. Turley and George W. James; Justices, Charles D. McCauley and B. P. Talmage; Constables, Jacob Eisiminger and Harvey E. Goldsmith. 1868 — Supervisor, B. P. Cor wine; Clerk, Albert McCollister; Assessor, Richard Corwine; Collector, Henry D. Slayton; Highway Commissioner, Edward Rankin. 1869 — Supervisor, "William B. Broadwell; Clerk, Albert McCol- lister; Assessor, George W. Read; Collector, C.J. Hurt; High- way Commissioner, George W. James. 1870 — Supervisor, William B. Broadwell; Clerk, Joseph McBee; Assessor, Richard Corwine; Collector, Carroll J. Hurt; Highway Commissioner, M. H. Beaver; Justices, Oscar Allen and C. D. (598) ^^^ BKOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 599 McOauley; Constables, Jacob Eisiminger, and Benjamin C. "War- rick. 1871 — Supervisor, Sinnet Rankin; Clerk, Joseph McBee ; Asses- sor, George W. Read; Collector, John W. Kline; Highway Com- missioner, Edward Rankin; Constable, Harvey E. Goldsmith. 1872 — Supervisor, Sinnet Rankin; Clerk, Joseph McBee; As- sessor, George W. Read; Collector, Johnson W. "Wright; Highway Commissioner, George W. James; Justice, Albert McCollister. 1873 — Supervisor, "William Shea; Clerk, James McCollister; Assessor, Adam Staggers; Collector, George D. Corwine; High- way Commissioners, Noah Eury and Israel Mathews; Justices, R. F. Talmage and Jacob Gier; Constables, Jacob Eisiminger and B. C. Warrick. 1874 — Supervisor, Sinnet Rankin; Clerk, A. Eisiminger; Asses- sor, B. F. Talmage; Collector, George D. Corwine; Highway Commissioner, Edward Rankin; Justice, Charles D. McCauley; Constables, H. E. Goldsmith, "William L. Underwood and Jacob Eisiminger. 1875 — Supervisor, Sinnet Rankin; Clerk, S. M. Perry; Assessors, WiUiam Rhea and Robert Blacker; Collector, Thomas "Wiley; Highway Commissioner, Israel Mathews; Justices, Clark Jennings and B. F. Talmage; Constable, Patrick Gleason. 1876 — Supervisor, M. H. Beaver; Clerk, S. M. Perry; Assessor, G. "W. Read; Collector, Thomas "Wiley; Highway Commissioner, Noah Eury; Justices, J. A. Critchfield and H. S. Manon; Con- stable, Mark Gordon. 1877 — Supervisor, M. H. Beaver; Clerk, S. M. Perry; Assessor, George "W. Read; Collector, Thomas "Wiley; Highway Commis- sioner, J. W. "Wright; Justices, John A. Critchfield and B. F. Talmage; Constables, Mark Gordon and Thomas Holmes. 1878— Supervisor, George "W. Read; Clerk, "William M. "Wiley; Assessor, Jesse H. Thompson ; Collector, Stephen Lloyd ; Highway Commissioner, Edward Rankin; Justice, Sinnet Rankin. 1879— Supervisor, George "W. Read; Clerk, S. M. Perry; As- sessor, Jesse H. Thompson; Collector, Stephen Lloyd; Highway Commissioner, Benjamin F. Corwine; Justice, Mark Gordon; Con- stables, Hiram H. Merrill and B. Eisiminger. 1880— Supervisor, George W. Read; Clerk, S. M. Perry; As- sessor, Jesse H. Thompson ; Collector, Stephen Lloyd; Highway Commissioner, J.H.Garrett; Constables, B. Eisiminger and C. Goldsmith. SV* ■4* 600 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1881— Supervisor, George "W. Read; Clerk, "William "Wiley; Assessor, J. H. "Wright; Collector, Stephen Lloyd; Highway Com- missioner, J. H. Thompson; Justices, Mark Gordon and John A. Critchfield; Constables, D. L. Thompson and B. Eisiminger. 1882 — Supervisor, George "W. Read; Clerk, Stephen Lloyd; Assessor, J. "W. "Wright; Collector, Isaac Eisiminger; Highway Commissioner, B. C. Warrick; Justice, Joseph Morgan; Constable, H. H. Staggers. 1883 — Supervisor, George "W. Read; Clerk, H. H. Staggers; As- sessor, Stephen Lloyd; Collector, Isaac Eisiminger; Highway Commissioner, L. S. Ramsey. 1884 — Supervisor, B. F. Corwine; Clerk, H. H. Staggers; As- sessor, J. H. Thompson; Collector, Isaac Eisiminger; Highway Commissioner, Pat Dwyer. 1885 — Supervisor, B. C. "Warrick; Clerk, Stephen Lloyd; As- sessor, John A. Critchfield; Collector, Isaac Eisiminger; Highway Commissioner, Ben BoUin; Justices, John A. Critchfield and Ed. M. Miller; Constable, Archibald Hamilton. STATISTICS. Broadwell lost inhabitants by emigration between 1870 and 1880, the population decreasing from 920 to 866. It is now about sta- tionary, being estimated at from 875 to 900. "We give here the valuation and taxation of the township in 1875 and 1885: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $626,706; State tax, $1,880.11; county tax; $1,253.40; town tax, $250.69; school tax, $3,252.06; district road tax, $104.79: road and bridge tax, $1,378.75; sink- ing fund tax, '$626.70; county bond tax, $814.73; back tax, $348.43; total taxes, $9,909.68. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $358,693; State tax, $1,310.93; county tax, $2,434.60; township tax, $149.82; road and bridge tax, $3,183.70; county bond interest tax, $486.92; corporation tax, $152.27; district school tax, $2,316.84; dog tax, $57; back taxes, and interest and costs, $629.95; total taxes, $10,722.03. POLITICAL. Broadwell is a Democratic township, by a modest plurality. It has gone Republican in but one presidential year- -1872. Follow- ing is the vote for President since the, organization of the township: SsT ^^ BEOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 601 1868— Horatio Seymour 93 10 | 1880— "Winfield S. Hancock. . . 96 15 Ulysses S. Grant 83 j James A. Garfield 81 1873-Ulysses S. Grant 96 30 N^rDow^"*'^"" ^q HoraceGreeley 66 ' i884-Grove?cTevelan BEOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 603 father was a native of Ohio, and when young went to Illinois, where he was married. About 1826 he came to Logan County and settled in Gorwin Township. He came to the county a poor man, and was one who, though passing through the hardships and trials incident to life on an Illinois prairie fifty or sixty years ago, was not destined to live to see the result of his toil and suffer- ing. Both he and his wife died many years ago. They reared a family of eight children of whom but two, Lystra, of Sheridan Township, and Abraham, reside in Logan County. Abraham Bonghan has all his life been identified with Logan County and has witnessed its marvelous growth and development. He has alway devoted his attention to agriculture and has assisted mate- rially in improving the rural districts of the county. He owned and improved a fine farm in Sheridan Township, where he lived till 1884, when he bought the farm where he now lives in Broad- well Township. Mr. Boughan married Helen Martin, a native of Dlinois. They have two sons — James and Samuel. Benjamin Bollvn, was bora in Germany, March 19, 1845, a son of John and Agnes BjUin. His father in the mother country was a farmer and weaver, but being a poor man he came to the United States to make a home for his children, landing in New York City, January 1, 1852. He proceeded to Lucas County, Ohio, and in the fall of 1852 was joined by his wife and three children at Toledo, where they lived till 1855. In that year they moved to Sangamon County, Illinois, and lived on rented land in New Berlin Town- ship till 1865, when they came to Logan County, and the first year rented land in West Lincoln Township, of Jacob Gehlbach. The next three years they rented land in Broad well Township, and then the father bought 120 acres on section 3, Broad well Township. In the spring of 1877 he moved to Lincoln where he died in July, 1881, aged sixty-one years. The mother still lives in Lincoln. Their family consists of four children, three born in Germany and one in Sangamon County — Benjamin; Jacob, of Lincoln; Mary, wifeof Anton Eomer, of Laenna Township; and Herman, of Lin- coln. Benjamin BoUin remained with his parents till twenty-two years of age, when he commenced life for himself, opening a meat market in Lincoln, which he continued seven years. In March, 1874, he weot to Otoe County, Nebraska, and bought land intend- ing to remain, but on account of three years of adversity, contend- ing with grasshoppers and drought, he became disheartened and returned to Logan County. In January, 1877, in company with 38 IK" ^2 -« » 604 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. his brother Jacob, he bought his lather's farm, and in 1879 bought his brother's interest. His home contains 363 acres of finely cul- tivated land, and his improvements are among the best in the township. Mr. Bollin is an active, progressive citizen, assisting liberally all enterprises of public benefit. He was married in No- vember, 1869, to Caroline Sejfer, who was born in Grermany, October 10, 1851, a daughter of John F. and Catharine Seyfer. Her parents started for America the year of her birth, and her mother died on the ocean before reaching the new world. Her father located in Mount Pulaski Township, Logan County, niinois, where she was reared. Mr. and Mrs. Bollin have had eight chil- dren, of whom seven are living — Emma, Frank, Clara, Katie, Herman, Annie and Alma. Their third child, Elizabeth, died in Nebraska in May, 1874. In politics Mr. Bollin is identified with the Democratic party. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. & A. M.; Mozart Lodge, No. 345, and Booue Encampment, No. 41, 1. O. O. F., and Oriental Lodge, No. 529, K. of H. He has passed all the chairs in the Odd Fellows lodge and encamp- ment, and represented both in the Grand Lodge of the State in 1871. David Briggs, section 18, Broadwell Township, is a son of Charles L. Briggs, a pioneer of Logan County, coming to this State from Kentucky in 1833. Several years previous to this a brother of Charles Briggs, Thomas, came to Hiinois and entered eighty acres of land in Broadwell Township, where he erected a log house and made some improvements, but soon after died. Charles on coming to the county bought this property of his broth- er's heirs, and also entered a tract of about 600 acres. He moved his family into the log house, which stood near the present resi- dence of our subject, in which they lived a number of years, and he then erected a two-story frame house about 300 yards north, where his widow now lives. Here he died in 1862. He was an industrious man, and did well his part toward developing and im- proving the county. His wife, whom he married in Kentucky, Matilda C. Otie, was born and reared in New Kent County, Virginia. Of a family of ten childi'en, six sons and four daughters, but two sons aud two daughters are living — Margaret, wife of George W. Webb; Mrs. Charlotte Allen, of Missouri; William Thomas and David. The sons own and occupy the homestead farm. Both are natives of Logan County. David was born in 1839. He married Mary Petro, who was born and reared in ludi- BKOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 605 ana. They have six children — Arabel, Jacob, Emery and Emma (twins), Pearl A. and David N. John A. Critohjleld, a prominent citizen of Broadwell, Illinois, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, March 1, 1834, a son of Elza and Frances (Miller) Critchfield. In 1839 his parents died, leav- ing three children — GriflSth J., John A. and Mary S. The latter is now the wife of Henry Mygrants, of Markle, Indiana. Daniel J. Donnal, a son of Mrs. Critchfield by a former marriage, now lives in Jasper County, Iowa. After the death of their parents Griffith and John were taken to the home of two maternal uncles, J. W. and Jacob Miller, in West Virginia. John remained with the former till manhood, and with him, in 1842, moved to Illinois, and settled in Jefferson County. Griffith lived with his uncle, Jacob Miller, in Virginia till manhood, and then went to Ken- tucky, and is believed to be dead. John A. Critchfield was reared a farmer, and has made that industry his avocation. In 1855 he came to Logan County, and located in Broadwell Township. The following year he returned to Jefferson County, but two years later came again to this county and became a permanent resident of this township. His farm, on section 34, contains 100 acres of valuable land, and he also owns ten acres on section 33, and thirty acres in Elkhart Township. He is the present assessor of the township, and has served as magistrate twelve years. He was the first super- visor of the township. In former years he was identified with the Democratic party, but is now a conservative Prohibitionist. He is well-known throughout Logan County, and is one of its most re- spected and infiuential citizens. He is a member of the Christian church, as was also his wife, they being members of the first con- gregation organized in Broadwell Township. He was married April 27, 1858, to Mary Kline, daughter of John and Nancy Kline, early settlers of Broadwell Township, coming here in 1836. She was born in Pike County, Ohio, April 24, 1833, and died October 20, 1881. Her father was killed by the kick of a horse in 1852. The mother is now the housekeeper for Mr. Critchfield. Her re- maining children are — John W., of this township; Hannah, widow of James McGee, of Broadwell; and Mrs. Ellen Jennings, of Salem, Missouri. Henry B. Dove, a resident of Broadwell, came to Logan County, Illinois, about the commencement of the late war. He enlisted in Company E, Seventy-third Illinois Infantry, and participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Mission Kidge, Resaca, and in W ^'. 606 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. all the tsiigaweinents of the Atlanta campaign till the surrender of Atlanta. He was afterward in the campaign against Hood's army, whicli ended in the defeat of that army at Nashville, Tennessee. Mr. Dove was an acting Sergeant in the army of the Unmberland. He served as a gallant soldier till the close of the war, being mus- tered out in August, 1865, at Nashville. In 1863 he was trans- ferred to the Engineer's Corps, in which he served till mustered out. After his discharge from the army he returned to Broadwell, where he has a good property. By occupation he is a carpenter and joiner, and builds sometimes by contract. Mr. Dove is a native of Shenandoah Oounty, West Virginia, born April 17, 1848. "When he was quite young his father died, after which he went to his relatives in Fairchild County, with one of whom, Nathan Ludlam, he came to this county. His mother, Mrs. Sarah (Becker) Dove, died about 1875, in Rockingham Oounty, West Virginia. Our subject was the youngest of eleven children, and is the only one living in Illinois. His paternal grandfather, G-eorge Dove, came from Ireland, and was of English and Irish descent, and his maternal grandfather, John Becker, was a native of Germany. In his political views Mr. Dove is a Republican. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Ahrarn Eisimiri,ger, general merchant, Broadwell, Illinois, established his business December 12, 1872. He has been success- ful in trade, and is an intelligent and efficient business man, his store being a model of neatness and order. June 23, 1873, he was appointeFr 612 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. owned by him was on sections 26 and 27, this township. He bought his present farm in 1865. Mr. James is a native of West Virginia, born in Greenbrier County, December 7, 1825. When he was six years old his parents, Mordecai and Mary James, moved to Pike County, Ohio, and there he grew to manhood. He was mar- ried January 13, 1853, to Sophia Brown, a native of Franklin County, Ohio, born in 1833, a daughter of Solomon and Mary Brown. They have had nine children — Mary, wife of Mathew Withrow, of Sangamon County; Rachel, wife of John H. Everman, of Lawn- dale; Harriet E., deceased wife of John B. Humphrey; Margaret, wife of Clark Humphrey, of Lawndale; William L., of Ness Count}', Kansas; Eliza, died aged two years; George G., at home; David F., died in infancy, and Lulu Belle, at home. In politics Mr. James is a Republican and a strict prohibitionist. He and his wife and all save two of his children are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has always taken an active in- terest in the aifairs of his church, and has also been an earnest supporter of the educational interests of his town. He served a number of years as highway commissioner of his town. John Kline, deceased, was one of the pioneers of Broadwell Township. He came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1835, and in the spring of 1836 made his home on section 34 of this township, residing here till his death, September 5, 1852. Mr. Kline was born in Wnrtemburg, Germany, July 25, 1797, and -when about twenty years of age he came to America, landing here July 4, 1817. After spending a short time in Philadelphia, he removed to Pike County, Ohio, where he engaged in farming, remaining there till coming to Logan County. February 22, 1828, he mar- ried Nancy Willday. She was born in Delaware, August 5, 1805, and still survives her husband, being now in her eighty-first year. To Mr. and Mrs. Kline were born six children — Hannah, widow of James McGee, living in Broadwell; Margaret, deceased wife of George W. Read; Mary, deceased wife of John A. Critchfield; John W.,of this township; Thomas W. and Ellen (twins), born in this county — the former died aged five years; Ellen is now the wife of Clark Jennings, of Dent County, Missouri. Mr. Kline came to this county in limited circumstances, but was quite suc- cessful in his agricultural pursuits. At his death he left a well stocked farm, and was the owner of 400 acres of land. Saimiel J. Lowman, one of the representative and progressive farmers of Broadwell Township, resides on section 18, his farm of T '-U BEOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 613 318 acres being on sections 18 and 19. He was born in Washing- ton County, Maryland, October 25, 1821, and in 1841 accompa- nied his parents, James and Sarah Lowman, to Logan County, Illinois. His father settled on a 'farm near Mt. Pulaski where he died in 1850, the mother having preceded him a few years. Their family consisted of six children, all of whom save Elizabeth (Mrs. McGarvey) are living — Mrs. Margaret Carr lives in Ohio; Mrs. Caroline Sherman, of California; Samuel J.; Mrs. Sarah A. Goldsmith, of Lincoln; and Mary Jane, of California. Samuel J. Lowman made his home with his par- ents three years after coming to Logan County, and subse- quently worked several years at farming for others, and at intervals for himself. In 1853 he bought land in Broadweil Township, and in 1854 began improving his present home. Imbued by nature with an indomitable will and energy that was destined to overcome all obstacles, he went bravely to work, and soon had his land under cultivation and was rewarded by good crops and a plentiful harvest. His efforts have been universally crowned with success, and his farm is now one of the best and his improvements the most comfortable and complete in the township. Not only has he labored to make his personal interests a success, but in everything that tends toward the advancement of the material and social interests of his town and county he has always been an act- ive worker, giving liberally of both time and money for the sup- port of every laudable enterprise. His honest integrity and unselfishness have made him a popular and honored citizen. Mr. Lowman was married in 1858 to Isabella Davis, who was born near Elkhart, this county, April 17, 1832, a daughter of Edward and Ruth Davis, pioneers of Logan County, from Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Lowman have had%even children, of whom only the sec- ond eldest and the two youngest, Henrietta, Samuel E. and Charles W., are living. Martha Ann, a twin brother of Henrietta, John H., and one unnamed died in infancy. In politics Mr. Lowman affiliates with the Democratic party. Samuel G.Martin, deceased, was born in Clinton County, Ohl', November 27, 1805, and removed to Logan County, Illinois, in 1828, when the site of Lincoln was a prairie, Springlield had but one or-two houses, and Mt. Pulaski, Decatur, and even Chicago, were unknown. Like all Ohioans, he settled in the edge of the timber, and there made a farm and spent many happy days, own- ing 300 acres in Corwin Township. He lived till seventy-nine "^ -^ 614 HISTORY OF LOGAN COtTNTY. years of age, when, although he had been ill some time, at the last his death was sudden to his friends, and he gave up his spirit peacefully and resignedly to tlie God who gave it. He was an honorable, upright man, possessed of a pleasant, joyous nature, and was respected and esteemed by all who knew him. His rem- iniscences of the early days of the county, as related by him, were interesting and entertaining, and often, when comparing the present with the past, a sigh would escape him, indicative of his preference for the early days. His wife, Sarah Jane Martin, died in 1844. His daughter, Helen, is the wife of Abram Boughan, of Broad- well Township. Israel Matthews^ section 25, Broad well Township, is one of the representative farmers of the township. In 1850 he bought ninety acres of land, but thirty of which had been broken, and on which was a small shanty. He has improved his land and by subsequent purchases has added to it till he now owns 43o acres of- valuable land. The rude cabin has given place to a fine residence and his other buildings are comfortable and commodious. He has by in- dustry accumulated a good home for his old age, and by upright integrity has won the confidence and esteem of his neighbors. Mr. Matthews was born in Hampshire, now Morgan County, Virginia, April 23, 1812, a son of Levi and Annie Matthews. About 1834 he accompanied his parents to Pike County, Ohio, where they lived till 1839 when they came to Illinois and located in Morgan Count}', where his parents died. Our subject was the second of eight chil- dren and is the only representative of the family 11 vine:. He was married in Pike County, Ohio, January 3, 1839, to Elizabeth J. Caudy, a native of Hampshire County, Virginia. She died in Morgan County, Illinois, September 3,^1847, aged twenty-six years and six months. Their three children are — John W., of this township; David M., of McLean County; and Zachary T., of this township. May 19, 1850, Mr. Matthews married Elizabeth Hodges, a native of Pennsylvania. Their only child, Israel A., died in infancy. Mrs. Matthews died October 26, 1854, aged thirty-seven years, two months and twenty-two days. December 16, 1S55, Mr. Matthews married Susannah Thomas, a native of Pike County, Ohio, born May 22, 1837, a daughter of Hiram and Eliza Jane Thomas. Her mother died in Ohio and in 1854, her father came to Illinois and died here in November, 1855. To Mr. and Mrs. Matthews have been born three children — Thomas F., married Mary E. Brooker; Mary A., wife of Daniel Spangler, and L. Edith. ^ BEOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 615 In politics Mr. Matthews is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Andrew J. McQee, a son of James and Hannah (Kline) McGee, was born in Buffalo Hart Township, Sangamon County, Illinois, March 24, 1855. James McGee was born in the State of Tennes- see, October 24, 1822, and came with his parents to Logan County in 1836. He was a life-long farmer, an occupation in which he was very successful. His home farm of 258 acres on sections 17 and 18, Buffalo Hart Township, Sangamon County, and section 7, Elkhart Township, Logan County, is one of the best farms in the township. He was a thoroughly practical farmer and made for himself a good home. He died December 18, 1864. He was one of the representative citizens of the county, a kind and indulgent parent and loving husband. He was twice married. His first wife was Itebecca Burns. To them were born three children — John T., born April 2, 1845; William K, born March 22, 1847; Esau, born February '22, 1849, died May 9, 1849. The mother died in 1849, and March 14, 185Q, Mr. McGee married Hannah Kline, a native of Pike County, Ohio, born February 10, 1829, daughter of John and Nancy Kline. Five children were born to them — James H., born October 4, 1851, died November 2, 1853; Jacob K., born July 1, 1853, died October 3, 1854; Andrew J., born March 24, 1855; George W., born December 27, 1856; Austin H., born Feb- ruary 5, 1862, died October 9, 1863. Since 1866 Mrs. McGee has lived in the village of Broadwell where she has a pleasant home. Andrew J. McGee was but nine years of age when his father died, and when eleven years of age his mother moved to Broadwell, where he was reared and educated. He made good use of his ad- vantages, was studious, and is one of the best informed young men in the town. He is a man of fine business qualifications and is one of the prominent citizens of Broadwell. He is employed in the office of Randolph, Read & Co., grain dealers, and by his close attention to business has gained the confidence and esteem of his employers. He is the owner of the old homestead farm in Sanga- mon County. His brother George owns and occupies a farm of ninety acres adjoining the village of Broadwell on the east. The latter married Mary Davis and has two children — Maud and Fred. Edmund RanTcln, section 7, Broadwell Township, is one of tlie pioneers of Logan County; was horn in "Wilmington, Delaware, June 24, 1814, a son of William and Priscilla (Cripps) Rankin. His father was a n-itive of Ireland, and came to the United States i\ 616 HISTOEY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. in 1802, the year he attained his majority. Two days after reach- ing New Castle, Delaware, he became a teacher in a ladies' seni- inary at Wilmington. His tirst wife, Priscilla, was the only daughter of Mathew and Elizabeth (Stidam) Cripps, whose family were among the early settlers of Delaware, and was of German origin. When Edmund was an infant his mother died, he being the youngest of four children. One sister, Mrs. Maria Martin, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, is still living. The father was again married, taking for his second wife Mrs. Leah Caldwell Stilley. The father died in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1834. When our subject became of age he fell heir to a large amount of real estate in the city of Wilmington, the property of his mother. He came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1836, settling in his present home in the spring of that year. He bought several hundred acres in the neighborhood of his home the second day after his arrival, which he afterward disposed of. Several yeara after coming to this county he engaged largely in the purchase of cattle and hogs, driving the former in droves of hundreds to Phil- adelphia market, and the latter to St. Louis. He was successfully engaged in that business about fifteen years. He has at different times driven 500 head of cattle East, and as many as 1,100 hogs in one drove to St. Louis. The trip to Philadelphia usually occu- pied about three months, and three weeks to return. In 1851 Mr Rankin bought the mill property of Leo Myers at Kocky Pora. He completed the mill, and carried on business at that point till a comparatively recent date. He was married to Helena Augusta Philipsen February 11, 1819, and commenced housekeeping near his present residence. She was born near Dantzig, Prussia, June 19, 1835, coining to America in 1838, and soon afterward to this county, with her parents, Abraham and Renate Florentine Philip- sen, who are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Rankin have seven sons and one daughter, all but the second son, Edmund, Jr., living at home. He was married to Laura Rigle, and lives near Lincoln. The children are all natural musicians, and the " Rankin Family Brass Band," which consists of the six boys and their sister, Pris- cilla, is known throughout the county for its sweet and harmonious music. Mr. Rankin was at one lime one of the most active busi- ness men to be found in Central Illinois, and in all business trans- actions his honorable dealing made him a host of friends. His dealing in real estate has been quite extensive, and he yet owns a large amount of property. In politics Mr. Rankin has been a life- BROADWELL TOWNSHIP. 617 long Democrat. Mr. Eankin is full of recollections of pioneer incidents, and likes to talk of them. He relates with pride the fact that Abraham Lincoln, as deputy surveyor, at times surveyed land in his neighborhood and adjoining his farm. Edward Rankin, one of Logan County's wealthy farmers, re- sides on section 10, Broadwell Townsiiip. He owns 1,400 acres of Logan County's best land, situated on sections 9, 10, 11, 14: and 15. Besides his own fine residence he owns four farms, with improve- ments, which he rents to tenants. Mr. Rankin has been one of the most public-spirited men in the county, and no one has done more than he to assist in building up and improving the county. Per- fectly honorable and upright, his integrity has won him a wide circle of friends, all with whom he has any dealing having the utmost confidence in him. Mr. Rankin was born in Fayette County, Ohio, November 2, 1812, a son of William and Elizabeth Rankin. He was reared on a farm, receiving such education as the common schools of his day afforded. He remained on the old home till thirty-four years of age, when, in company with his brothers, William and Sinnet, he came to Logan County, and the following winter lived in Postville. He worked rented land Ivs^o years, and then, in company with his brothers, bought a section of land, a third of whicli is a part of his home farm, to which he moved in the fall of 1848. When he came to this county Mr. Rankin had a cash capital of $1,600, and his present prosperity exceeds his greatest expectations. He was married January 4, 1844, to Rachel Allen, a native of Ohio, born in April, 1824. They have a family of three children — Elizabeth, wife of Benjamin C. Warrick, who resides on one of Mr. Rankin's farms; Polly, wife of George D. Corwin, of Lincoln; Sarah E. married John N. Parsons, and died February 6, 1884. In politics Mr. Rankin is a Democrat. Sinnet Ranhin, one of the prominent farmers of Broadweli Township, was born in Fayette County, Ohio, August 27, 1817, his parents, William and Elizabeth Rankin, being natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively. His mother died in Ohio, and his father at the home of our subject, in October, 1857. They had a family of five children, Sinnet being the fourth child. His brothers, Ed- ward and William, reside in this township, and two of the children are deceased. Sinnet Rankin remained with his parents at the home in Ohio till twenty-three years old. December 5, 1839, he was married to Eveline McBee, who was born at Harper's Ferry, June 2, 1817. They have one daughter living — JSTancy, wife of -71 =^=iv* 4^ 618 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNT?. Robert Blacker. One child, Elmira J., died aged nearly ten years. Mr. Eankin continued to work on his father's farm till September 11, 1848, when he and his family started for Logan County, reach- ing Postville, September 30. He raised one crop on rented land, and in the spring of 1850 he settled on his present farm, on section 10, his first purchase being 160 acres of prairie land and a third interest in 160 acres of timber land. He has been prosperous since coming to Logan County, and now, in his advancing years, he needs nothing for comfort that wealth can buy. His fine, substan- tial residence and his farm improvements indicate thrift and care, and his splendid farm, including a small tract of timbered land, now contains 400 acres. In politics Mr, Rankin is a Democrat. He has served his township four years as supervisor, and has held the office of school treasurer several years. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. & A. M. George W. Head, section 35, Broadwell Township, was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, September 15, 1831. His father was an Englishman by birth, and his mother a native of Kentucky. The former died before the birth of our subject, and the mother subsequently married a Mr. Barthlom. Both are now deceased. Our subject was early obliged to depend upon himself for support, and from the age of twelve to eighteen years lived with James Baucher in this township. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising till 1872, and from that year till 1885 was engaged in tlie grain trade at Broadwell, doing a large business, and build- ing an elevator to facilitate his trade, which reached from 100,000 to 200,000 bushels per annum. He owns a beautiful home on section 35, which contains 480 acres, all under cultivation, and also has 135 acres on section 33. He commenced his building improve- ments in 1861, and has occupied them since 1862. He was married JSoveinber 10, 1853, to Margaret Kline, a native of Pike County, Ohio, born August 26, 1831, daughter of John Kline. Mrs. Read died September 20, 1885, after an illness of two years. She left a family of six children, all at home with their father — Martha M., John T., Nancy E., Elery "W., Mary E. and George L. Mr. Read and his wife in their early married life became members of the Christian church. In politics he is a Democrat. From 1878 till 1884 he was supervisor of Broadwell Township, and in his early life served as assessor. October 1, 1886, he was appointed post- master of Broadwell, and appointed Lincoln Eisiminger his dep- uty, and the latter is attending to the duties of the office for BEOADWELL TOWNSHIP. 619 him. He is widely and favorably known in Logan County, and i8 universally respected for his noble, manly qualities and honest integrity, tie always gives his hearty support to all enterprises of public benefit, being interested in everything that tends to the welfare of his township. Charles 0. Stelse was born in Prussia, Germany, December 5, 1823, a son of Frederick William Stelse. Leaving school at the age of fourteen years he was apprenticed to learn the cabinet- maker's trade, serving till he was eighteen years old. He then traveled as a journeyman for five years, during the time visiting many provinces and cities. In 1848 he embarked on a sailing vessel for America, reaching New York City, after a seven-weeks voyage, June 27 of that year. He worked at his trade and other employments five or six years in Albany and that vicinity. He then came to Illinois, spent a few months at Kocktbrd, and visited difierent cities in this State, working at his trade. From Rockford he went to Decatnr, thence to Paris, where he remained a year. In 1857 he came to Logan County, locating in Lincoln, and in 1859 he removed to Broadwell where he has since resided, with the ex- ception of a part of the year 1859, when he had charge of the Madison House at Joliet. After returning from Joliet he opened a general grocery store in the village of Broadwell, which he con- ducted successfully until May 1, 1885, when be retired from active business life. He was married June 17, 1870, to Mrs. Elizabeth (Kenny) Brewster, a native of Pennsylvania, and to this union have been born two children — Charles Otto and Minnie. Mrs. Stelse has two children by her former husband — Benton and Alanso. Mr. Stelse was reared in the faith of the Lutheran church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a member of Broad- well Lodge, No. 727, I. O. O. F., in good standing. Frederick Striggow is a native of Germany, born October 29, 1825. When he was six years old his father, Jacob Striggow, died. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to learn the black- smith's trade, and after serving three and a half years he traveled as a journeyman through the different cities of Germany, Denmark and Copenhagen, becoming a masterworkman. May 1, 1865, he left his native country for America, and on May 4 the vessel How- ard, in which he embarked, collided with an Austrian emigrant vessel in the English channel, compelling them to go into Dover for repairs, where she remained six weeks. Mr. Striggow reached New York City July 29, and from there proceeded to Milwaukee, 39 3 V 620 HISTOBY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Wisconsin, where be remained three years. He then went to Northern Missouri, and was there engaged in chopping timber about seven months. He came to Lincoln, Logan County, August 25, 1859, where be found employment at bis trade, since which time he has followed blacksmithing and wagon-making in this county. Since March 5, 1861, be has carried on business at Broad- well where he has been fairly successful. He owns his shop, and also a good residence in the village of Broadwell. June 16, 1867, he was married to Caroline Kieselman, a native of Germany. They have two children — Caroline Ida and Charles Frederick. Mr. Strig- gow is a member of Elkhart Lodge, No. 545, A. F. & A. M. In politics he is a Democrat. He and his family belong'to the Lu- theran church. Frank A. Thompson, one of the prominent young business men of Broadwell, is a native of Logan County, and was born in the village, which has since, with the exception of five years, been his home. May 10, 1861. His parents, James and Catherine Thomp- son, were natives of Pennsylvania, and early settlers of Logan County. Their family consisted of three children — David, Frank A. and Emma. The father died in November, 1862, and the mother subsequently married Jesse H. Thompson, a brother of her first hus- band, with whom she is now living in Broadwell. Frank A. Thomp- son received a good education in the common-schools of the village. After reaching manhood he engaged in farming in East Lincoln Township five years. In May, 1885, he bought the stock of Charles Stelse, and is fast building up a good trade ; in addition to retain- ing the old customers of Mr. Stelse is constantly gaining new ones. He keeps a full line of general groceries and fancy goods, and has one of the best and neatest stores in the village. He was married May 21, 1885, to Rena Turley, a native of this township, born November 20, 1865, daughter of David K. Turley. Jesse H. Thompson, the third child of Samuel and Hannah Thompson, was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1832. His mother died in Pennsylvania in 1850, and in 1864 his father came to Logan County, Illinois, and made his home in Elkhart for several years. He died at the home of bis daughter, Mrs. Mary Jane Green, of Eminence Township, in 1877, aged seventy-two years. He had a family of eight children — John Leslie and Jesse H., and Mrs. Green, living in Logan County; Archibald and Samuel live in Yernon County, Missouri ; Mrs. Mary Ann Zimmers, living in Champaign County, and James, who K^ BROADWELL TOWNSHIP. 621 died ill November, 1862. Jesse H. Thompson was reared to the life of a farmer, and in his youth received such education as could be obtained in the district schools. He left his home February 17, 1854, and came to Logan County, Illinois. After a two-years residence at Elkhart he came to Broad well Township, and with the exception of two years, 187J:-'5, residing in West Lincoln, he has since lived in this township. Mr. Thompson was married in 1866 to Mrs. Catharine M. (Lapham) Thompson, widow of James Thomp- son, brother of our subject. Mrs. Thompson was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, in 1838. By her first marriage she had three children — David, Franklin, and Emma, wife of L. Eamsey, of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Jesse H. Thompson have had seven children — Willie (deceased). Grant, Adeline, Johnson, Nellie (deceased), Charles and Martin. The family are attendants of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Thompson came West in limited circumstances, but rapidly became wealthy, owning at one time 1,400 acres of choice land in Logan County. He was one of the most active business men in Central Illinois. He was very extensively engaged in buying and shipping stock, handling for about seventeen years most of the stock raised in the county, his annual transactions reaching into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. But the business was risky, and heavy and repeated de- cline in business found him too heavily stocked. Losses follow- ing in rapid succession caused him to fail in business, and he is now living a quiet life in the village of Broadwell where he owns a good residence property. He also owns a farm on section 30, and other small tracts in dififerentsections in this township. In politics Mr. Thompson is an ardent Republican, casting his first Presi- dential vote for John C. Fremont. He is a member of Elkhart Lodge, No. 545, A. F. & A. M. Charles lurley, one of the pioneers of Logan County, settled in what is now Elkhart Township, four miles from the present vil- lage of Elkhart, in the year 1823. Mr. Turley was born and reared in Kentucky, and his w ife, Elizabeth (Cliatham) Turley, was born near the Blue Mountains in Virginia, a native of Greenbrier County, but reared in Kentucky. The children who came with them to this county are — James O., engaged in mercantile business at Mt. Pulaski, where he died; Marshall, now a resident of Council Bluffs, Iowa, is noted for his valuable inventions; Gris- enda, deceased wife of Anthony Ridgeway; Sanford, deceased, his wife dying before him leaving one child, who is now Mrs. Chloe T=" ^R* ' ■ ■ *■ 632 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. J. 02;le, of Elkhart Township; Eranda, deceased wife of G. C. Wright; and Charles, now living near Williamsville. Sangamon County. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Turlej after coming to this county — Commodore Perry, who died aged about twenty years, and David K., now living in Broadwell Township. Mr. Tnrley had his share of the trials and hardships incident to the life of a pioneer. In his last days he united himself with the Christian church. He died about the year 1836, aged about fifty years. He was a genial, generous-hearted man and had a host of warm friends. David K. Turley, son of the pioneer Charles Turley, was born in what is now ElkhartTownship, April 11, 1825. When fourteen years old he began earning his own living, and since that age has earned every dollar he lias owned, February 19, 1845, he married Sarah K. Poe, daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth Poe, a native of Ken- tucky. They had one child, Elizabeth, now the wife of James Birks, living near Blunt, Dak. Mr. Turley began life with no capital but a pair of willing hands and a determination to succeed, and before his wife's death, in 1855, he had purchased eighty acres of land in this township which he still owns. For his second wife he married Juliette Warrick, in 1857. She was a daughter of Montgomery Warrick. She died in 1859, leaving one child, Georgie A., now married to John Towner, of Sangamon Oouuty. November 1, 1861, Mr. Turley married Julia Johnson, a native of Pike County, Ohio, daughter of Thomas Johnson. To this union have been born four children — Eliza Urana, wife of Frank A. Thompson, a merchant of Broadwell; John F., Clara Ollie ami Maud Myrtle, all at home. Mr. Turley has a fine residence on section 34, where he is surrounded with all the comforts of life, and his farm, which contains 380 acres, is one of the best in the neighborhood. In politics he was formerly an old-line Whig, but has been an active member of the Republican party since its organ- ization. He and his wife are members of the Christian church, and in all public enterprises, educational, religious or otherwise, he takes an active interest. Mr. Turley is full of reminiscences of pioneer days, and loves to talk over the trials and hardships of those early days. He is a keen observer of passing events, a man of ex- cellent judgment and of strict integrity, and is respected by all for his many manly qualities. Benjamin C. Warrick, son of Jacob G. Warrick, a pioneer of Logan County, was born January 30, 1840, in Broadwell Town- ^ BEOADWKLL TOWNSHIP. 623 ship, Logan County, Illinois, and has ever since been a resident of this township. He lived at the old homestead till his marriage in 1861 to Elizabeth Eankin, the eldest daughter of Edward Rankin. She was born October 1, 1844, and was reared in the sp.me neigh- borhood as her husband, and attended the same school. After his marriage Mr. Warrick made his home on section 11, this township, where he still lives, his farm containing 324 acres of land under the best cultivation, Mr. Warrick being a thorough, practical farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Warrick have live children— Edward R., William P., John A., Sinnet R. and Seth A. They have an adopte^ 624 HI8T0KT OF LOGAN COUNTY. in Broadwell Township, where he became wealthy, owning at the time of his death 2,600 acres of valuable land. He came to this county a poor man but was one of the most active and progressive of Logan County's citizens. His property was all earned by honest toil, not being of a speculative nature. He was the soul of honor his word never being questioned in any transaction. He died April 5, 1879, aged sixty six years, his death being univers- allji regretted by a large circle of friends, each feeling it to be a personal bereavement. Mrs. Wright now lives in Lincoln, as do also three of her children. To them were born four children- Johnson W.; Didamia, wife of J. W. Noel; Frank 0., and Ella M., wife of "William L. Dustin. Johnson "W". "Wright remained at home till manhood. He enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in Company F, Seventy-third Illinois Infantry, and served three years. Among the more important engagements in which he participated were Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and with Sherman went to the relief of Knoxville. He was also in General Sher- man's heroic campaign against Johnston's army, culminating in the capture of Atlanta. He was at Franklin and Nashville, under General Thomas, and in the pursuit of Hood, which followed. He was honorably discharged June 24, 1865, and returned home, where he remained till his marriage to Miss Margaret Ryan, September 11, 1867. She was a native of Boston, born July 17, 1844, and being left an orphan when young was reared by the parents of Mr. "Wright. Mr. "Wright lives on section 29, Broad- well Township, where he owns 640 acres of land, given him by his father. He has improved his land and erected good buildings and now has one of the finest and most valuable farms in the county. He is a practical and progressive farmer, having been reared from childhood in that industry. He is, as was his father, in politics a radical Republican. He was reared in the Christian church of which he is a member. CHAPTER XX. CHESTER TOWNSHIP. Geooeaphioal Description. — List of Township Officers, 1867 to 1885, Inclusive. — Statistics. — Political. — Chcjrches. — Bio- graphical. The township of Chester lies southeast of Lincoln, and is bounded as follows: On the north by East Lincoln Township, on the east by JEtna Township, on the south by Mt. Pulaski Town- ship, and on the west by Broadwell Township. It is traversed nearly north and south by the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Rail- road, which has one station — Chestervale — within its limits, but no village. The township is drained by Salt Creek on its south- ern border and Deer Creek on the northern. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. Following are the officers elected in Chester Township for each year since organization: 1867— Supervisor, Michael Hinrichson; Clerk, Jeremiah Math- ews; Assessor, Jacob Baker; Collector, John E. Downing; High- way Commissioners, Daniel French, ■William Layman and P. C. Bowen; Justices, I. T. McCoy and J. P. Evans; Constables, Lemuel Spangler and John Stewart. 1868— Supervisor, Michael Hinrichson; Clerk, Jeremiah Math- ews; Assessor, "William H. Trainer; Collector, John E. Downing; Highway Commissioner, T. H. Denny; Justice, Monroe Shoup. 1869— Supervisor, Michael Hinrichson; Clerk, I. T. McCoy; Assessor, William H. Trainer; Collector, Jeremiah Mathews; Highway Commissioner, William Carson. 1870— Supervisor, Michael Hinrichson; Clerk, I. T. McCoy, Assessor, Lewis Shaw; Collector, William H. Trainer; Highway Commissioner, J. Combs; Justice, W. C. Daney; Constable, A. Turk. 1871— Supervisor, Michael Hinrichson; Clerk, R. C. Maxwell; Assessor, Lewis Shaw; Collector, William H. Trainer; Highway (625) ■ tL 626 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Commissioner, William Mathews; Justices, I. T. McCoy and William Layman; Constables, William Stewart and L. Spangler. 1873 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, A. A. Mills; Collector, Carlin Priram; Highway Commis- sioner, William Moore; Justice, William Layman; Constable, G. Lochenmeyer. 1874 — Supervisor, Fred Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, Lewis Shaw; Collector, Carlin Primm; Highway Commis- sioner, W. T. Barnard; Justice, Thomas Billings; Constable, Fred. Wilmet. 1875 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, Jonathan Combs; Collector, Carlin M. Primm; Highway Commissioner, John Warner; Justices, R. C. Maxwell and Isaiah T. McCoy; Constables, Solomon Hinrichson and H. Slayton. 1876 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, Jerry Mathews; Collector, R. C. Maxwell; Highway Com- missioner, William Moore; Constable, H. Slayton. 1877 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, A. A. Mills; Collector, John C. Downing; Highway Com- missioner, R. H. Templeman; Justices, I. T. McCoy and Samuel Layman; Constables, H. S. Slayton and T. H. Denny, Jr. 1878 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerki John D. Webster; As- sessor, Andrew A. Mills; Collector, John C. Downing; Highway Commissioner, John Maurer; Justice, David C. Turley; Consta- bles, Daniel Spangler and Solomon Hinrichson. 1879 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, A. A. Mills; Collector, Thomas B. Piatt; Highway Com- missioner, George Stoll. 1880 — Supervisor, Fred. Dittus; Clerk, John D. Webster; As- sessor, A. A. Mills; Collector, Thomas B. Piatt; Highway Com- missioner, George Layman. 1881 — Supervisor, R. 11. Templeman; Clerk, .John D. Webster; Assessor, A.A.Mills; Collector, Thomas B.Piatt; Highway Com- missioner, John Maurer; Justices, D. C. Turley and 1. T. McCoy; Constables, J. J. Baker and Solomon Hinrichson. 1882 — Supervisor, R. H. Templeman; Clerk, Charles Spitly; Assessor, I. T. McCoy; Collector, T. B. Piatt; Highway Commis- sioner, George Stoll. 1883 — Supervisor, R. H. Templeman; Clerk, H. P. Purviance; Assessor, Samuel Baldwin; Collector, Daniel Turley; Highway Commissioner, George Layman; Constable, Andrew Armstrong. r CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 627 1884 — Supervisor, R. H. Templeman; Clerk, H. P. Purviance; Assessor, I. T. McCoy; Collector, D. C. Turley; Highway Com- missioner, John Mauver. 1885 — Supervisor, E. H. Templeman; Clerk, H. P. Purviance; Assessor, I. T. McCoy; Collector, D. C. Turley; Highway Com- missioner, George StoU; Justices, D. C. Turley and I. T. McCoy; Constables, Andy Armstrong and Jeff. Harless. STATISTICS. Chester has suffered largely by emigration to the West, its population of 1,062 in 1870 being reduced to 872 in 1880. It is now estimated at 850. The valuation and taxation of property in 1875 and 1885 are shown by the following figures: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $654,074; State tax, $1,962.22; county tax, $1,308.15; town tax; $327.04; school tax, $3,223.90; road tax, $410.67; road and bridge tax, $1,373.56; sinking fund tax, $654.05; county bond tax, $850.30; back tax, $25.40; total tax, $10,135.33. ' 1885.— Equalized valuation, $416,232; State tax, $1,484.28; county tax, $2,756.53; township tax, $169.63; road and bridge tax, $1,441.88; county bond interest tax, $551.31; district school tax, $3,369.17; dog tax, $106; back taxes, $101.77; total taxes, $9,980.57. POLITICAL. In former years Chester was Eepublican in political sentiment, but now it is slightly Democratic. The majorities have never been very large either way. The presidential vote since 1868 is here shown: 1880- -Win field S. Hancock .... 106 8 James A. Garfield 98 NealDow 3 James B. Weaver 2 1884— Grover Cleveland 101 11 James G. Blaine 90 JohnP St. John 10 Benj. F. Butler 1 I S. Grant 123 45 Horatio Seymour 78 1872— Ulysses S. Grant 113 17 Horace Greeley 95 1876— Rutherford B. Hayes. ... 106 3 Samuel J. Tilden 104 CHUKCHE8. There are four churches in Chester. Methodist Episcopal.— The first services of this denomination in this vicinity were held at the residence of Asa French about 1840, and his house continued to be their place of worship till the J'T J^ 628 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. present church was built in 18Y3. This church, located on section 26, is a neat frame structure erected at a cost of $1,650. Among the ministers who had charge of the society before the church was built were: Revs. King, Bird, H. Wallace, Lane, Wilson Pitner, Daniel Hatton, James Rucker, Bartholow, Sampson, Shinn and Coult. Rev. Daniel Grimes of Mt. Pulaski Circuit, was pas- tor when the church was built. When first organized the class was assijjned to Athens Circuit, subsequently was transferred to Lincoln. and is now in the Mt. Pulaski Circuit. The church has a membership of forty. Services are held alternate Sundays and a flourishing Sunday-school and prayer-meetings are held every week. Pleasant Valley Church, of the Methodist Episcopal denomi- nation, was built in 1875 at a cost of $2,100. It is a commodious frame structure, painted white, and is neatly and comfortably fur- nished. Services were held as early as 1835 at the house of James Downing, and later with David Loughrey and Nicholas Moore. It now numbers about fifteen members. Layman's Chapel. — The original class at Layman's Chapel was organized in the fall of 1866, in the school-house, by Samuel, George and William Layman and their wives. The first pastor was the Rev. S. E. Pendleton, with Samuel Johnston as assistant. In February, 1877, Rev. Johnston held a very successful revival meeting, and nearly the whole community united with the church — many of them now being pillars in the church . Rev. C. Arnold was next pastor of Lincoln Circuit, of which Layman's Chapel is one appointment. Rev. H. C. Adams followed him in the fall of 1868. In the spring of 1869 trustees were elected as follows: Samuel, George and William Layman, Wm. Moore, W. A. Pe- gram and A. B. Hageioan. The chapel was completed and dedi- cated in September following, the dedicatory services being held by Rev. Wm. Grain, of the Illinois Conference, Rev. W. R. Good- win, of the Methodist Episcopal church, in Lincoln, having laid the corner-stone early in the summer. Rev. G. B. Wolfe followed Adams and held a remarkable revival in which the church was awakened and many new members were added. The pastoral suc- cession has been as follows: Revs. Sampson, Shinn, John Everly, C. Powell, T. D. Weems, A. C. Armentroutand the present incum- bent, A. M. Danely, now serving his second year. The Christian Church was organized many years ago and ser- vices were first held in the school-house on section 26. Land was donated by Peter Armfelt and a church was built in 1875, at a OHKSTEE TOWNSHIP. 629 coat of $1,800. Rev. Henry Wright was their first minister and he was followed bj Revs. Cain, Craig, ^Hutchinson, Robinson, Doty and John England; the latter preached for them a number of years, but in November, 1884, was fatally injured at Oornland. At one time the membership numbered seventy-five, but at present is quite small and no regular services are held. The United Brethren in Christ erected their house of worship OD section 26 in 1867, at a cost of $3,000. It is a brick building, neatly and comfortably furnished. The first services of this de- nomination were conducted by Rev. Lewis D. Ambrose, in 1856, in the school-house near the present chnrch. Tiie principal pro- moters of the organization of the society were: Rev. Mathias Ambrose and wife, Lewis D. Ambrose and wife, George Shoup and family, Reuben Bowers and family and Solomon Lincoln and wife. The membership had increased to about 100 when the church was built. The ministers who have had charge of the church have been: Revs. L. B. Ambrose, Mathias Ambrose, George Keller, Van Gordon, P. Brandenburg, John Watson, Gos- lin. David GiSbn, W. W. Nipple, William Hosier, James Young and Thrasher, the latter being the present pastor. BIOGRAPHICAL. Benjamin F. Baker, residing on section 30, Chester Township, was born in Shelby County, Ohio, in 1831. His parents, George and Susannah Baker, were natives of Virginia, but removed to Ohio with their parents when they were children. They were mar- ried near Springfield, Clarke County, Ohio, and in 1852 emigrated to Morgan County, Illinois, and in 1854 came to Logan County, and settled on Salt Creek, in Chester Township, where they lived till death. Fourteen children were born to them, ten sous and four daughters. Eight of the sons and two daughters snrvive, and are all residents of this county except the eldest, Philip, who lives in Barton County, Missouri, and the third son, Samuel, who is also in Missouri. Benjamin F. Baker, whose name heads this sketch, came to this township with his father in 1854, and has since resided here, with the exception of two years spent in Broad- well Township, and one year in Minnesota. July 28, 1861, he married Mrs. Mary Jane Scroggin widow of William Scroggin who died in 1858. Mrs. Baker's maiden name was Mary Jane Greenslate. She was a native of Kentucky, born April 17, 183'2. Her father was one of the pioneers of Logan County. Mr. and T»sr 630 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Mrs. Baker have six children — Sarali S., George M., Melissa I., Lucinda C, James W. and Emery A. Mrs. Baker had four chil- dren by her former husband, of whom three are living — Amos F., John A. and James "W. Mary E. died in infancy. John trreen- slate, father of Mrs. Baker, was born in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1801. He was married at Portsmouth, Ohio, to Sarah M. Oliver, in 1826. She was born in Lewis County, Kentucky, in 1808. After their marriage they settled in Greenup County, where four of their children were born. They then removed to Alton, Illinois, where another child was born to them. The family lived in Sangamon County three years, then moved to M-ount Pulaski, Logan County, where the father died in 1845, and his widow afterward married Mr. Bedinger. She died in Chester Township, March 3, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Greenslate had eight children, all of whom are de- ceased except Mrs. Baker. George died in 1862 while serving as a soldier in the war of the Rebellion; Lucinda, widow of Jackson Kelly, afterward married John Napier and died in 1875; Mary Jane, now Mrs. Baker; Silas M. died of cholera in 1851 in his eighteenth year; Sarah E. died in 1857, in her twenty-first year; William M. died in his eighth year in 1849; James C. was killed at the battle of Shiloli-in 1862, and Cynthia A.nn died in 1844 in her eighth year. William T. Barnard^ farmer on section 34, was born in 1834, in Ohio County, Kentucky, and is a son of Garrett and Martha A. (Morton) Barnard, botli Kentuckians by birth. They had eight children. The subject of this sketch, W. T. Barnard, joined an exploring party of five and came by team to Illinois in 1864. Arrived at Lincoln he soon after bought 160 acres at $18 per acre in Chester Township, which he sold at an advance of |1,000 the following spring. He then bought 800 sheep, which he sold at an advance of 50 per cent., and encouraged by these spec- ulations, revisited his old home, returning to Illinois, accompanied by his brother Alonzo, and brother-in-law, W. H. Barns, with whom he bought 255 acres in Mount Pulaski Township. This land was farmed in partnership for several years, Mr. Barnard finally buy- ing out both partners. He now has 293 acres, all except forty of which is in Mount Pulaski Township. This really fine farm he has fenced into forty-acre lots, and has good improvements of all kinds. His farming for 1885 is as follows: Forty-five acres of corn, twenty of oats, fifteen of fall wheat, forty of meadow, and the bal- ance pasture. He has over 100 head of cattle, which he has 71 CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 631 graded up to a line degree of excellence. He married Elizabeth, danchter of Jacob Row, who came from Pickaway County, Ohio. Mr. Barnard is a Democrat and has filled local township offices. John E. Downing is a son of James Downing, who was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1805, where he was reared. In 1822 he came with his father, John Downing, to Logan Oonnty. He married Ruth Morrow, born near Schenectady, New York, in 1806. His first settlement was on section 35, where he improved a farm and resided until Ojtober, 1882, when he went to Sumner County, Kansas, to live with his son Josiah and died there in September, 1884. His wife died in November, 1881. They had six children — John E., our subject; Mary E„ wife of Thomas C. Fletcher, residing in JEtna Township; Martha J., who is the widow of George W". Ripley, living in Montgomery County, Kan- sas; Josiah, residing in Kansas; Hannah, widow of Daniel Bowles, also a resident of Kansas; and Melita, wife of John Syke, of Harlan County, Nebraska. John E. Downing was born in Chester Township, June 10, 1826. He enlisted in June, 1846, in Com- pany I, Fourth Illinois Yolunteer Infantry, and served a year. He went to Mexico and participated in the siege of Vera Cruz, and the battle of Cerro Gordo, April 17 and 18, 1847. He went as far as Jalapa, and from there the regiment started back, and he arrived at home the following June having been honorably dis- charged. He married Elizabeth Roberts, born December 26, 1834, in Menard County, Illinois. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mis. Downing four are living — [da May, wife of William Shep- herd, of Mount Pulaski; Ellsworth P., Warren W., and Frank W. Those deceased are — Charles A., Abraham L., Clara Ann, Will- iam, John H. and James. John H. died at the age , of nine years and the others in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Downing are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Lorenzo D. Downing resides on the northwest quarter of sec- tion 22. His farm, which is in one body, contains 354 acres. He also has forty acres of timber land elsewhere in the township, eighty acres in Mount Pulaski Township, and eighty acres in Laenna Township. He made his first improvements on his place, when he settled there in 1856. Mr. Downing was born in Mount Pulaski Township, December 27, 1829, and is a son of one of the pioneers of Logan County. His father, Robert Downing, settled in what is now Chester Township in 1822. He lives now in Mt. Pulaski Township, at the advanced age of ninety-two years, having ^ Ji?r 632 HisroRr of loqan county. been born in PennsylvanU, December 3, 1793. He is not onlr one of the earliest settlers but is the oldest resident of. Logan. County. His wife died in May, 1882, aged eighty years. Of the eleven children born to Robert Downing and his wife seven are now living. Two of the sons, Alexander and Henry Clay, served in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. The former now lives in Lincoln, and the latter contracted a disease while in the army and died at the home of his brother, Lorenzo D., before the close of the war. Lorenzo D., whose name appears at the head of this sketch, was born, as stated, in Logan County, where he has always resided. In 1854 he married JAngeline E. Shoup, daughter of 'Squire John Shoup. She died October 28,1854, and in 1856- Mr. Downing married Sarah, daughter of James Shoup. Mrs. Downing died February 7, 1874, and January 5, 1876, Mr. Down- ing married Nancy Ann Hainline, daughter of Caleb Hainline,. an early settler of Tazewell County, where he still lives. Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo D. Downing have four children living — Ellen, wife- of William Milner, of this township; William, John M. and Flora B. They have lost several children — Franklin, Mary J^ Milton H., Ivy and Carry. Samuel Evans, farmer and stock-raiser, Chester Township, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1838. When he was fourteen years of age his father, Charles Evans, came to America with his family and settled in Pike County, Illinois. In 1865 the family moved to ^tna Township, Logan County, where the father died in 1881. Mrs. Charles Evans had died on a steamer, on the Mis- sissippi Hiver, while the family were coming north from New Or- leans, where they landed on coming to America. Of the eight children who came with their parents to America four are now living, all residing in Logan County except one son, James, who is a resident of Dakota. Our subject, Samuel Evans, came to Lo- gan County in 1860, where he purchased a farm and resided until 1865, when he settled on his present farm of 760 acres. About 250- acres of his farm lies in ^tna Township, while the remainder lies on sections 13 and 24 of Chester Township. He first settled on 160 acres on section 13, on which no improvements had been made, and has gradually increased his farm to its present dimensions. Mr. Evans is one of the most successful as well as one of the larg- est farmers of Chester Township, devoting his entire attention to- farming and stock-raising. In 1884 he built a fine residence, at a cost of over $6,000, and his barn, which was completed in 1882, is =k> CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 633 one of the largest and most commodious in Logan County. His farm is well tiled and the general improvements are first-class. Mr. Evans was married in 1860 to Miss Jane Boyd, a daughter of John and Sarah Boyd. Her father died in County Tyrone, Ireland. Mrs. Evans came to America in 1865, her mother coming several years later, settling first in Pike County, then in Logan County, and finally in Champaign County, where she died. Mr. and Mrs. Evans have ten children, eight of whom are living — Charles, Mary J., "William S., John J., Sarah E., Robert A., Maggie E. and Ethel B., all born in Logan County. Two daughters, the eldest and ninth of their family, died in infancy. Politically Mr. Evans is a Re- publican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs. Evans are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Harmony, ^tna Township. Asa French (deceased) was born in Ohio, where he was reared and married Hannah Clark. He remained in Ohio until 1837, when he came to Logan County with his family, passing his first winter near the present village of Chestnut. In the course of the following winter and spring he entered and bought about 500 acres of land on section 36, Chester Township. Here he made his home- stead and resided until his death. The French family were formerly from New Jersey, but settled in Ohio at an early day. Asa French was a man of sterling character and a consistent member and class- leader of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically he was a "Whig. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. French, of whom all but one son grew to maturity. Of the family three sons are living — Daniel, John C. and Ezekiel. They are all living near the old homestead where their father settled fifty years ago. Those deceased are — Nancy, who married Robert Applegate and died aged about thirty years; Phebe J., married Joseph Barnes and died aged about twenty-seven years; David B. ,died in boyhood, and Sarah W., died aged about seventeen years. Daniel French, eldest son of Asa French, was born in Ohio, in 1831, and came to this township with his parents in 1837, where he has ever since resided. He married Miss Susan Bunfell, born in Ohio, in 1842, daughter of William and Elizabeth Bunfell. Will- iam Bnnfell died in Ohio when Mrs. French was a child; Mrs. Bunfell is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel French have ten children— John W., Nancy C, Myrtus B., Edgar E., Harrison W., Anna E., Orpheus Q., Adeline S., Edith L. and Sylvester E. David 0-ehlhach, a son of Philip and Mary Gehlbach, was born. 634 BISTORT OF LOGAN OO0NTT. in Bavaria, Germany, May 23, 1886. When he was a child his father died, and his mother with her family of four children came to America in 1852, landing at New Orleans, December 25 of that year. Two of the sons, Jacob and Fred, had preceded the rest of the family. After reaching New Orleans the family went up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, and up the Illinois River to Bath, Mason County, Illinois, where one of the sons was living, but finally settled in Logan County. The mother died at Lincoln, September 7, 1883. Several of the children are now deceased. David Gehlbach, our subject, came to this county in 1854. and since 1864 he has been a resident of this township. In 1866 he settled on his present farm on which he has made almost all the improvements. He came to the country a poor boy, and what he has acquired is the result of his own untiring industry and good management. He is to-day classed among the successful and en- terprising farmers of his township, and is the owner of 477 acres in Chester Township, 281 acres on section 24, where he resides, and 196 acres in another part of the township. When he first came to Logan County, the county seat was at Mount Pulaski, and Lincoln was but a small village. He was married to Barbara Rentchler, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1845, a daughter of Mathew and Barbara Rentchler. Her mother died in Germany, and she came to America with her father in 1855. The family consisted of the father and five children, all of whom settled in Logan County. The father died in Chester Township in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Gehlbach have a family of eight children, one son and seven daughters — Rosa M., Mary, Adolph F., Emma L., Sarah B.. Katherine E., Anna B. and Barbara C. Two sons are deceased. Peter died aged four months, and George P. H. in his sixth year. Andrew B. Hageman settled on the place where he now resides, on section 24, in 1865. He came here from Pike County and bought the land of David Curi'ent, of Atlanta. He was born in Somerset County, New Jersey, April 4, 1824, a son of Isaac and Maria (Vandeveer) Hageman, who were also natives of New Jer- sey. In 1838 the family moved to Fulton County, Illinois, being among the pioneers of that county. The family went as far as Wheeling, Virginia, in wagons, several other families accompanying them. There Mr. Hageman resolved to finish the journey by water to avoid the rough roads through Ohio and Indiana, and arrived here with his family several weeks before the rest of the emigrants CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 636 who had come the entire way by wagon. Isaac Hageman was a mechanic, and could readily turn his hand to any kind of mechan- ical work. He settled in the village of Fairview, Fnlton County, Illinois, and was one of the first mechanics of that place, and there he lived till his death. His wife died when our subject was seven years old. They had a family of eleven children, Andrew B. being the youngest. Six of the sons grew to maturity and all became mechanics. The following children yet survive — Isaac, of Fulton County, Illinois; Gertrude and Peter, living in New Jer- sey, and Maria, at Fairview, Fulton County. "William died in Seward County, Nebraska, in 1884; Vandeveer died in New Jer- sey; Sarah died in New York City; Cornelius was killed by being thrown from a horse in New Jersey, when he was seventeen years old; Simon Y. went to Oregon in 1848, where he was killed by Indians in Oregon wars. Andrew B. Hageman was married No- vember 13, 1845, in Fulton County, Illinois, to Miss Sarah Ross, and in April, 1850, moved to Pike County, Illinois. February 14, 1865, he removed to Logan County with his family, and set- tled on the farm where they now reside. Mrs. Andrew Hageman was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1827, a daughter of T. J. and Anna (Hovey) Koss. She came with Jier parents to Fulton County. Illinois, in 1843, where they lived till 1849. They then lived in Pike County till 1863, when they came to Logan County, Illiiiois. Her parents later removed to Texas, where they have since died. Mrs. Hageman's maternal grandfather was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Hageman have had eleven children, of whom seven are living — Russel B., in Piatt County; Annie M., married Nelson Combs and died Oc- tober IT, 1873, leaving one child, Eva; Simon V., died December 10, 1882, leaving a wife and two sons, Oscar and Silas, who live with their grandparents; Andrew J., in Ford County, Kansas; Liz- zie, at home; Albert G., living in this township; Emma, at home; Margaret, died aged four years; Sherman, at home; Mary, died in childhood, and Phoebe C. is at home. Mr. and Mrs. Hageman are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Hageman was reared a Democrat, but is now a Prohi bitionist, he being the first who voted that ticket in Chester Township. Milton L. Holler, farmer, section 31, was born in 1848, in Gilmer County, Georgia. He is the son of Lawson Holler, a North Caro- linian by birth, and now a resident of Cowley County, Kansas; he married Elizabeth Privett. The family came to Illinois in 1854. At 40 V« 636 HISTORY OF LOGAN OO0NTT. the age of fifteen M. L. Holler removed to Mason Oountv, Illinois, going from there to Iowa, and thence to Nebraska. In 1871 he came to Logan County, where he has since resided. Kovember, 1878, he was married to Mrs. Mary J. Brucker, widow of Jacob Brucker. She was born in Pickaway County, Ohio. Jacob Brucker was born in "Wurtemberg, and came to America in 1843, locating near Zanesville, Ohio, where he lived ten years. He then came to Illinois and was crushed to death in November, 1874, by a saw- log rolling over him. He left four children — Mary E., Katiu, William and Annie. Mr. and Mrs. Holler have tliree children — Claude D., Floyd F. and Letitia. The homestead comprises 245 acres and is well located and adapted for a stock farm. Mr. Hol- ler makes a specialty of breeding fine Poland-China hogs, and has purchased thoroughbred animals of Messrs. A. M. Caldwell, "William J ones and others. The corn product is annually fed out on the farm. In politics Mr. Holler is a liberal Democrat. John Laohemmayer, residing on section 18, Chester Township, is a native of "Wurtemberg, Germany, born October 30, 1833, a son of Jacob Lachemmayer, who died in Germany in 1882. John Lachemmayer remained in his native country till December, 1853, when he left for America, just in time to escape being conscripted into the German army, that being one thing that induced him to cross the ocean. He arrived in New York in March, 1854, when he went directly to Michigan, where he had a sister living. He remained in Michigan three years, when he came to Lincoln, Illi- nois, and has since been a resident of Logan County. He now has a fine farm of 200 acres, which is located on sections 18 and 19, his residence being on section 18. He was married in Lincoln to Magdelena Rentchler, wiio was born in "Wurtemberg, Germany. They have a family of ten children, five sons and five daughters. Mr. Lachemmayer cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, but since that time he has voted the Democratic ticket. Andrew LoA/man, youngest son of Henry and Elizabeth (Kret- zinger) Layman, was born in MasoJi County, Illinois, April 14, 1852. He married Blanche Pegram, who was born in Pike County, Illinois, in 1854, a daughter of Alexander and Martha (Ward) Pegram, the father a resident of Lincoln and the latter deceased, dying December 1, 1876. To Mr. and Mrs. Layman have been born four children — Ward E., Nellie M., Beulah B. and Clifl'ord A., the latter dying in infancy. Mr. Layman is at present resid- T Sv* ^i. CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 637 ing on the northwest quarter of section 14, Chester Township, where he has a fine farm containing 380 acres, situated on sections 11 and 14. William Alexander Pegram, father of Mrs. Layman, was born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, January 16, 1824. When he was ten years old his parents, William and Sarah E. (Walker) Pegram, came to Illinois, the family settling in CarroUton. Mr. Pegram, after his marriage with Martha Ward, located at Monte- zuma, Pike County, Illinois, where he engaged iu the mercantile and grain trade. In 1857 he came to Lincoln, and a year later he settled on a farm on section 11, Chester Township, where he lived till 1869, when he returned to Lincoln, his present home. He had twelve children by his first wife — George R. died aged one year; Virginius died at the age of seventeen years; Blanche, now Mrs. Layman; Carrie E. married Andrew Armstrong, and died at the age of twenty-four years ; William A. died aged ten years; Lin- coln C. married Irene Curry, and lives in Lincoln; Mary E. mar- ried William Curry, and lives in Dakota; Edith, at home; John M. died in infancy; Helen P., Virginia, and Samuel M. Mr. Pegram was married to Sarah Martin, his present wife, in February, 1885. Oeorge Layman, who is one of the prominent citizens and rep- resentative farmers of Chester Township , is the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Kretzinger) Layman, who settled in this township in 1866. The parents were natives of Virginia and of German de- scent, the father born in 1801. They were roared and married in their native State, and in 1836 removed to Union County, Ohio, where Mr. Layman cleared and improved a timbered farm, living there seven years. He then sold out and came.to Illinois, locating near Palestine, but the following year he removed to Parke County, Indiana. In 1846 the family returned to Illinois, locating in Mason County, where Mr. Layman purchased an unimproved farm, which was the home of the family about twenty years. Henry Layman came to Logan County in 1866, and with his sons, Samuel and George, bought a tract of about 600 acres of land. The father made the homestead on the northeast quarter of section 15, where he lived till his death, in 1868, and where his widow still resides. Henry Layman an d wife had a family of nine children, of whom five sons and two daughters are living. Two daughters are de- ceased. Samuel, the eldest son, lives near Salem, Oregon ; Isaac and Lewis live in Champaign County, Illinois. George Layman, the second son, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia, July D^ jj*^^—— 638 HISTORY OF LOGAH COUNTY. 26, 1835. May 30, 1861, he was married to Elizabeth Plaster who was born and reared in Illinois, the date of her birth being No- vember 5, 1843. Her parents, Thomas and Elizabeth Plaster, were early settlers of Illinois, and are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. George Layman have three children — Mary, wife of Charles Blackburn; George Edgar, lost his sight in May, 1884; and Lewis Wolf. George Layman has a fine farm on section 14, Chester Township, containing 320 acres, where he resides. His farm shows good care and is under fine cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are noticeably good. His land when he first located here, in 1866, was wild prairie land. Andrew, the youngest son of Henry Layman, resides on the northwest quarter of section 14. The two surviving daughters of Henry Layman are — Delilah, who lives at the homestead, and Mary, wife of William Young, living in Champaign Connty, Illinois. William Matthews, of Chester Township, is one of the pioneers of Logan County. He was born in Pike County, Ohio, in 1810, a son of Thomas Matthews, who immigrated to Pike County from Pennsylvania in a very early day. William Matthews was reared in Pike County, and there married, January 13, 1836, Mary Wil- day, whose parents were also early settlers of Ohio, coming from Delaware. Our subject came to Illinois with his wife and child in 1838. They came with the family of Mr. Matthews, and what household effects they had they brought with them in a wagon drawn by three yoke of oxen. They accomplished the journey, a distance of 430 miles, in seventeen days, and on arriving here William Matthews bought a quarter-section of land on section 31, this township, paying therefor the sum of $9 per acre. About fifty acres had been broken, and a small log house had been built. He leased this place for one year, and went to Morgan County, where he rented a farm for one year. In March, 1839, he re- turned to his farm in Chester Township, on which he has lived for forty-seven years. But comparatively few who now live in Chester Township were here when Mr. Matthews came. Time, with the inevitable changes which it brings, has done its work, and soon none will be left to tell the story of the 'trials and hardships of those hardy pioneers of Logan County. Mr. Matthews lost his wife, who had been a helpmeet to him for eo many years, February 23, 1880. They had eleven children born to them, of whom five are living. The children are as follows — Alonzo accidentally shot himself when in his seventeenth year; Francis Newton died, aged ^ liL. CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 639' about twenty-three years; Jeremiah and Josiah (twins), the former living in Mount PulasJii and the latter deceased; Arvilla and Pru- cjlla ftwins), the former married "William Bog^s, and died several years ago, and the latter is the wife of Dr. Thomas Primm, of Lincoln; Allen G. Thurraan died in his twenty-first year; Jerusha, wife of Edmund Linch, of Lincoln; Mary Ann and an infant, de- ceased (twins), the former the wife of Thomas B. Piatt, is living with her husband on the homestead; William L., born December 4, 1853, is at home. Mr. Matthews and wife became connected with the Christian church early in life, and have always been con- sistent members of that denomination. Mr. Matthews' father died in Ohio, and his mother came with an elder brother, Thomas Matthews, to Illinois in 1839. The latter was a deaf mute. A married daughter, Mrs. Jane Matthews, wife of Thomas D. Mat- thews, also came with her mother. The latter lived but a short time after coming to Illinois, dying in the spring of 1840. Thomas -B. Piatt, mentioned as the husband of Mary Ann Matthews, was born in 1852 in Champaign County, Ohio. He was reared a farmer, but began teaching school at the age of twenty years, and has since followed that profession during most of the winter terms. He was married in 1876, and he and his wife have two children — Olletha and Nellie M. Mr. Piatt's parents, John and Mary Piatt, immi- grated to De Witt County in 1854, where they still reside. John Maurer has been a resident of Chester Township, Logan County, since 1869, when he located on his present farm on section 21. He was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1830, a son of Christain Maurer, who died in 1881. His mother died in April, 1868. He learned the trade of a stone-mason and architect in Ger- many, and in 1848, when but eighteen years of age, he came to America. He first located in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where he worked on a farm by the month for about one year, after which he worked land on shares, remaining in Ohio till 1868. He then came to Mason County, Illinois, and bought a partially improved farm containing 160 acres, living there till he came to Logan County in 1869. Here he bought 320 acres on section 21, to which he has recently added till his farm consists of 670 acres. Mr. Maurer came to this country a poor boy, but in all his undertak- ings he has been successful, and all he possesses he has acquired by his own exertions. He is one of the largest and most successful farmers of Chester Township. He was married in Ohio to Kath- erine Seklen, a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and they have a -7^ ^r ^^ i __ ^ ^ 6-1:0 HISTORY OB" LOGAN OOUNTT. family of five children — Christian, married and living in this town- ship; George, also married and living in this township; Fred, Jacob and Henry, living at home. Of our subject's father's family he and his sister Christena are the only survivors. The latter is living in Germany. Mr. Maurer has charge of the Chestervale station, near his residence, and is also engaged in buying and shipping grain at this point. In national politics he affiliates with the Democratic party, but in local politics he votes for the best man, regardless of party ties. He is at present serving his fourth term as iiighway commissioner, and is also school treasurer of his township, which position he has held several years. James Primm, deceased, was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, in 1809. His father was Thomas Primm, and his grandfather, a native of the State of Virginia, was one of the pioneers of Illinois. James Primm came to Logan County in 1835, and was married in 1839 to Miss Maria Russell, born in Loudoun County, Yirginia, in 1818. Her parents, William and Nancy Russell,cameata very early day to what is now Logan County, but then was a part of Sanga- mon County. Mr. Russell afterward settled near Lincoln, where he died in 1858. He was born in 1784. His wife, born in 1791, died in 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Russell had eight children, of whom only two are living — John Russell and Mrs. Primm. Mr. Primm kept the first store at Postville, and was well known as one of the prominent early settlers of Logan County. In 1865 he settled on a farm in Chester Township, which he made a beautiful place. Here he resided till his death, which occurred in 1872. His wife still owns and occupies the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Primm had nine children, four of whom are living — Edward J., born at Post- ville in 1846, lives on the homestead; John, born in 1848; William R., born in 1850, and Ruth, born in 1853. The deceased children are — James M., Robert M., Thomas F., Mary E. and Nancy. Charles Rickey was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, about 1830. His parents, James and Ann Richey, were also born in the same county, where they resided until their death. There were eight children in the family, all of whom are deceased except Charles and James, who is still in Ireland. Two brothers, John and Da- vid, came to this country, and died in Pike County, Illinois. At the age of eighteen years Charles Richey came to America, set- tling in Pike County, Illinois, J une 23, 1853, where his brothers were living. Here he lived three years, coming to Chester Township in 1856, where he has ever since resided, with the exception of one =^^'r CHESTER TOWNSHIP. 641 year spent in JEtna Townsliip. He purchased his present farm in 1873 from William Ta3'lor. The first improvements on the place were made by Baker Pegram, all except twenty-five acres being broken when purchased by Mr. Richey. In 1882 he built a fine residence, at a cost of $2,500. His buildings are all good, and ho has tiled such portions of his farm as required it. He also ownb an improved farm of 240 acres in ^tna Township, on which, in 1884, he expended for tiling and labor for laying the same about $800. In September, 1861, Mr. Richey was married to Mary Babcock, born in Orange County, New York. Her par- ents, George and Jane Babcock, were natives of the State of New York, and resided there until their death. Mr. Richey has re- sided in Logan County since August 20, 1859. Of the nine chil- dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Richey seven are now living — Annie May, James Harrison, Hattie Luella, Junietta, Eugene Homer, Minnie Maud, and Beulah Elizabeth. Two sons, Charles and William, died in infancy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Richey are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of Chester Township. Foliti- cally Mr. Richey^ is a Republican. Ma/rtin Spitly, one of the early settlers of Postville and Lin- coln, is a native of Bavaria, Germany, born in 1818. When he was twelve years old his father, Johannes Spitly, died, leaving his mother with eleven children — two sons and nine daughters. Martin was the eldest of the two boys, and on him devolved the responsibility of the care of the family, a duty which he faithfully peiiformed. He lived at home until thirty years of age, when, the family having grown to maturity, he resolved to start in life for himself. He accordingly, in 1850, started for America, and in April of that year landed in New York. He at once came to Mil- waukee, Wisconsin, and engaged to work on the steamer May- flower. In the fall of the same year he came to Logan County, wliere he worked on a farm near Middletown, receiving $10 per month. In the fall of 1851 he located in Postville, where he car- ried on the hotel and livery business, and at Lincoln for the fol- lowing seventeen years, with the exception of two-years residence at Mt. Pulaski. In 1858 he rebuilt the Foster House at Lincoln, changing its name to the Spitly House, which name it still bears. In 1877 Mr. Spitly exchanged his hotel property in Lincoln for 3,000 acres of land in Colfax County, Nebraska, on which he laid out a town which was called Spitly. It is now a railroad station, situated on the Union Pacific Railway. Mr. Spitly has a pleasant « ^ 6i2 HI8T0KY OF LOGAN COUNTY. home on section 5, Chester Township, Logan County, adjoining the agricultural fair grounds, where he has resided since 1878. He has long been one of the prominent citizens of Lincoln, and was one of the organizers of the Logan County Agricultural So- ciety, with which he has been connected as a stockholder since its organization. Mr. Spitly was married at St. Louis in 1854: to Bur- bena Frank, a native of Bavaria, Germany. They have three children — Louis, in Los Angeles, (California; Charles, married to Jane Blick, and Mary, now Mrs. Kesch, of Springfield, Illinois. Riohard H. Templeman was born near Fredericksburg, Vir- ginia, April 20, 1833. He was left an orphan at the early age of nine years and received only such education as was aflPorded by the district school. In 1842 he went to Baltimore and in 1844 to Pickaway County, Ohio, coming to Logan County, Illinois, in 1853. In March, 1859, he went to Pike's Peak, but being able to earn only fair wages at gulch mining, he returned to Illinois the following October, having when he reached home only 25 cents with which to begin anew the battle of life. The following winter he taught school in the Laughrey district, two miles north of Mt. Pulaski, and the next year began farming, which he has since followed. He is now one of the most prosperous farmers in the county, owning nearly 300 acres of finely improved land, a fine brick dwelling, and substantial farm buildings. Since 1884 he has devoted his attention to stock-raising and has sowed his farm all to grass (a new departure in Logan County), and is meet- ing with good success in his new enterprise. Mr. Templeman has been a member of the Board of Supervisors eight years, and in 1882 was elected to the Legislature and re-elected in 1884, serving with much credit and to the greatest satisfaction of his constitu- ents. He is a liberal, benevolent citizen, dispensing his charity unostentatiously, but freely. His home is the abode of hospital- ity, and friends receive a hearty welcome, and the stranger who chances to tarry there is made to feel at home. He in an honora- ble, upright man in every sense of the word, and never betrayed a trnst nor was ever illured from the path of strictest integrity to advance his own personal gain or ambition. In politics he is an uncompromising Democrat. Mr. Templeman was married Novem- ber 26, 1857, to Mary Shoup, a native of Pickaway County, Ohio, born January 16, 1835. Six children have been born to them — Etha Ellen, born August 5, 1858; Flora C, July 17, 1860; John Milton, August 25, 1862; Emma Alice, September 8, 1864; Mary iU*" OHESTEE TOWNSHIP. 643 Etta, October 8, 1868 ; Edith, June 15, 1875. Three have been taken from their homes to the home above — Etha Ellen, September 8, 1860 ; Edith, June 15, 1879, and Flora C, June 15, 1885. David C. Turley, residing on section 13, Chester Township, is a son of Charles Turley, formerly a resident of Logan County, but now of Sangamon County, Illinois. Charles Turley was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, December 11, 1822, and in 1823 his father, Charles Turley, immigrated with his family to Logan County, and settled in Elkhart Township, they being among the earliest pioneer families in this part of Illinois. Charles Turley, Jr., was reared to manhood in Elkhart Township, and in 1842 married Louisa England, who was born in Sangamon County. They had a family of eleven children of whom five sons and four daughters are living — Sanford, residing at Belle Plain, Sumner County, Kansas, is engaged in farming and the music trade; Mrs. Maggie Maxwell lives in Lincoln; David C, our subject; Amanda, wife of John B. Taylor, of Williamsville, Sangamon County ; Susan, wife of Doctor McClellan, of Williamsville ; James P., a farmer of Sangamon County; Marshal], engaged in farming in the same county ; General Mead, named after the noted Union leader of that name, resides near Belle Plains, Kansas, and Ina May, at home. Josephine and an infant daughter unnamed are deceased. Charles Turley, Jr., removed to Sangamon County about 1855, and is now living near Williamsville. David C. Turley, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, is a native of Elkhart Township, Logan County, born June 16, 1850, and is the only son of Charles Turley uow living in this county. He was married November 26, 1873, to Elva L. Oltz, born December 25, 1855, in Tompkins County, New York, a daughter of Solomon and Maria Oltz, her father dying when she was but four years of age. In 1864 she came with her mother to Logan County, Illinois, and settled in Lincoln where Mrs. Oltz married William Horton and subse- quently removed to Fresno County, California. Mrs. Turley has an elder sister, Celia, who married in New York State, Myron Lynde, and came to Logan County several years after her mother. Mr. Lynde died in Clinton, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. David C. Tur- ley have two children both deceased — Maud Inez, died aged eleven months, and Charles LeRoy, died aged six weeks. Joseph C. Webster, deceased, was born in Miami County, Ohio, and was, in a great measure, a self-educated man and in his younger life was a very successful teacher for many years. He came to Logan =i]^ »i^ 644 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COtJNTT. County' , Illinois, in 1851, and was the first mayor of Lincoln. He was clerk of the Circuit Court for two terms, master in chancery a nurcber of years, and for four or five years editor of the Herald in Lincoln. He was an active member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities of Lincoln, atid of the Baptist church. He died on his farm in Chester Township in March, 1873. His first wife, Mary Ayres, daughter of Darius Ayres, died leaving four children — John D., Sarah J., Hiram "W. (deceased), and Mary E. By his second marriage, with Christine C. Warner, who survives him, there were five children — Elmer L., Estelle M., Alice L., Hat- tie E. (deceased), and Joseph C. Mr. Webster is one of the distin- guished men of the county, whose memory is cherished by a loving family and the many friends who knew him. Fred Wihnert was born in Waldach, Germany, in 1837, a son of Peter and Kate Wilmert. He was reared in his native country, and at the age of twenty years he came to America. An elder brother, Jacob Wilmert, had preceded him and was then living in Mason County, but later settled in East Lincoln Township, Logan County, where he died in October, 1884. Our subject worked for his brother in Mason County about one year and a half, when he began working on his own account. He commenced life a poor boy but, owing to his industry and economy, combined with good management, he is to-day classed among the successful farmers of Chester Township. He has been a resident of Logan County since 1864, and since 1871 he has lived on his present farm in this town- ship. His residence is on section 19, and his tine farm, which con- tains about 477 acres, is situated on sections 19 and 20. Mr. Wilmert was married in Lincoln County, Illinois, to Elizabeth Ambrust, a native of Bavaria, Germany. They are the parents of eight children— Christina, Molly, Katie, Rosa, Lizzie, Louisa, Fred and Jacob. In 1882 our subject's father, with another son, came to America, where he died four months after landing at New York. Mrs. Peter Wilmert died in Germany many years after our subject came to America. All their children live in America except one daughter, who still lives in Germany. CHAPTER XXI. CORWIN TOWNSHIP. Geogbapht. — List of Township Officers. — Statistic?. — Politi- cal. — MiDDLETOWN. EaELT HiSTOKT. BuSINESS. OdD FeLLOWS Order. — Churches. — Biographical. •' Corwin is bounded on the north by Sheridan Township, on the east by Broad well, on the south by Hurl but Township and Menard County, and on the west by Menard and Mason counties. It is the only township in Logan County not touched by a railroad. In size it lacks three sections of being a full congressional township. Salt Creek and its tributaries drain the township, through the middle of which the Salt flows. LIST OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. Corwin was first organized under the name of Middletown, which name was dropped a year or two later. The officers who have been elected each year since 1867, the date of Middletown's organiza- tion, with the exception of 1868 and 1871, have been as follows: 1867— Supervisor, Daniel G. Evans; Clerk, Joshua A. Gauer; Assessor, John T. Bryan; Collector, William C.McMasters; High- way Commissioners, John Stollard, Jacob Isonhart and Alfred S. Jackson; Justices, J. W. Barnard and G. G. Louke; Constables, Eandolph Davis and William Tupperman. 1869— Supervisor, Joseph N. Jenkins; Clerk, James A. Glenn; Assessor, John T. Bryan; Collector, John Isonhart; Highway Commissioner, William Squires; Justice, J. O. Gaver; Constables, John P. Bucknard and Eandolph Davis. 1870— Supervisor, Uriah Warren; Clerk, Thomas M. Keed; Assessor, John T. Bryan; Collector, Abel Mecay; Highway Com- missioner, George D. Glenn; Justices, R. A. Raybura and William B. Brown; Constables, Randolph A. Davis and James R- Flem- ming. 1872— Supervisor, Uriah Warren ; Clerk, Thornton Parker; As- sessor, E. Bowman; Collector, J. N. Jenkins; Highway Commis- (645) ■^ 646 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. sioner, W. B. "Williams; Justice, E. Bowman; Constable, "William M. "Weaver. 1873— Supervisor, "W. B. "Williams; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn; Assessdr, D. T. Barnett; Collector, J. N. Jenkins; Highway Com- missioner, "William Brown; Justices, R. A. Rayburn and Ezekiel Bowman; Constables, Jesse Brown and Joseph Lucas. 1874— Supervisor, W. B. Williams; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn; As- sessor, D. F. Barnett; Collector, Cyrus Snyder; Highway Com- missioner, J. C. Martin; Justice, A. Simmons; Constable, Joseph Flemmings. 1875— Supervisor, W. B. "Williams; Clerk, J. W. D. Hill; Asses- sor, Robert Dunlap; Collector, Cyrus Snyder; Highway Commis- sioner, W. N. Bock; Constable, Daniel "Wolf. 1876^Supervisor, Robert Dunlap; Clerk, James W. D. Hill; Assessor, Henry McBride; Collector, Cyrus Snyder; Highway Commissioner, Jerry McMuUen ; Constable, John Treakle. 1877— Supervisor, W. C. Maull; Clerk, James "W. D. Hill; As- sessor, Cyrus Snyder; Collector, James R. Saxton; Highway Com- missioner, Henry McBride; Justices, R. A. Rayburn and Albert Simmons; Constables, Jesse Brown and "Washington "Wolf. 1878 — Supervisor, "W. C. Maull; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn; Asses- sor, W. B. Brown; Collector, Robert Dunlap; Highway Commis- sioner, Thomas Davy. 1879 — Supervisor, "W. C. Maull; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn; Assessor, "W. B. Brown; Collector, R. Dunlap; [Highway Commissioner, Isaac Brown. 1880 — Supervisor, "W. C- Maull; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn, Assessor, "W. B. Brown; Collector, J. R. Saxton; Highway Commissioner, Labon Tader. ISSl — Supervisor, James T. Galford; Clerk, C. M. Rayburn; Assessor, "W. B. Brown; Collector, J. R. Saxton; Highway Com- missioners, George "Warren and H. P. Gaines; Justices, R. A. Rayburn and T. M. Reed; Constables, M. L. Gibbs and James Turner. 1882 — Supervisor, James T. Galford; Clerk, John Isonhart; As- sessor, Robert "Whiteman; Collector, H. A. Binns; Highway Com- missioner, F. Fulcher. 1883 — Supervisor, James T. Galford; Clerk, N. S. Mecay; As- sessor, Robert "Whiteman; Collector, Hugh Binns; Highway Com- missioners, "William Squires and Scott StoUard. 1884 — Supervisor, George H. "Warren; Clerk, N. S. Mecay; T COEWIN TOWNSHIP. 647 Assessor, E. S. "Whiteman; Collector, Berrjman Bauglian; High- way Commissioner, August Knecht. 1885 — Supervisor, George H. Warren; Clerk, N. S. Mecay; Assessor, Eobert S. Whiteman; Collector, William Davey; High- way Commissioner, Ferdinand Fulcher; Justices, Dennis Barrick and John C. Martin; Constables, Lafayette Boyer and Barnett Tyman. STATISTICS. Corwin is just holding its own in population, removals to the Western States and Territories being about as numerous as the arrivals and natural increase. In 1870 there were 1,069 inhabit- ants; in 1880, 1,024; in 1885, perhaps 1,050. The valuation and taxation of property in 1875 are here given for comparison with the figures of 1885, which follow: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $592,149; State tax, $1,776.44; county tax, $1,184.30; no town tax; school tax, $3,132.09; district road tax, $70.62; road and bridge tax,$829.01; sinking fund tax, $592.15; county bond tax, $769.79; back tax, $46.46; total taxes, $8,400.86. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $343,051; State tax, $1,249.88; county tax, $2,321.23; road and bridge tax, $2,142.63; county bond interest tax, $464.23; district school tax, $2,670.32; dog tax, $153; back tax, $277.46; total taxes, $9,278.75. POLITICAL. The people of Corwin are very evenly divided politically. At first Republican, the township is now Democratic, although the majority is very smalL The plurality at each of the last two Pres- idential elections has been but two, out of a total of 230 and 242 votes respectively. Following is the vote for President, 1868-'84: 1868— Ulysses S. Grant 120 17 Horatio Seymour 103 1872— Ulyesea S. Grant 109 7 Horace Greeley. . . ' 102 1876— Samuel J. Tildea 133 11 Rutherford B. Hayes.. .123 1880— Winfleld S. Hancock ... 1 16 2 James A. Garfield 114 1884— Grover Cleveland 120 2 James G. Blaine 118 John P. St. John 4 MIDDLETOWN is the oldest town in Logan County. Indeed, it was formed before the county existed. It was laid out by Hiram S. Allen, October 13, 1832, and consisted of sixty-four lots, each 60 x 120 feet in size, ^ot long after the town was laid out, Smith & King sr- -^ -A S) > 648 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTT. opened a small store, probably the first enterprise of the kind in the limita of this county. Their stock of goods was small, and comprised only articles actually needed by the few residents of the country. This firm only continued in business a few years. King died, and, in 1836, Smith left. He was at once suc- ceeded by Colbey Knapp, one of the prominent figures in the early history of Lo^an County. Mr. Knapp had been a clerk in Balti- more and, being anxious to better his financial condition and pro- vide a home for old age, determined to come West. This he did soon after his marriage, the journey being performed by a stage over the mountains to Pittsburg, thence down the Ohio, up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Pekin, where he alighted, and went soon after to Middletown. Here he succeeded Smith & King in the mercantile business, shipping some goods from Baltimore, and procuring some in St. Louis. His first store was a frame buildino-. He, in 1840, built a brick house, probably the first brick structure in the county. This was used as a dwelling as well as a store, and was at one time the largest store in this part of the State. The town at first comprised only sixteen acres. In 1836 Colbey Knapp and "William Glenn, Jr. , platted the remainder of the eighty acres, and placed the lots on the market. Mr. Knapp was appointed postmaster here in 1837. Martin Yan Buren was Presi- dent and Amos Kendall, Postmaster-General. Prior to this time a postoffice had been maintained in Irish Grove, in what is now Menard County. There was also a Presbyterian church built about 1833 or '34, and here the people in Middletown and surrounding country attended services. Mr. Knapp remained here till 1860. The town being off the railroad route, never partook of the rapid advancement attained by others more fortunately situated. It now contains about 200 inhabitants, and supports a good school and one church. There is one general store, kept by J. A. Glenn; Thomas M. Reed is the druggist, and Green Hill and "W. Y. Gat- tery practice medicine. ODD FELLOWS ORDER. Myrtle Lodge, No. 470, 1. 0. 0. F., was chartered October 8, 1872, but was organized December 12 previous. The charter members were Abel McKay, L. M. Lake, JohnBreasaugh, Charles H. Nord, Charles C. Reed, William Squires and A. J. Reed. The lodge was organized in the hotel of Thaddeus Davis, and continued to meet there until 1874, when their present property was purchased. l^ .dL COKWIN TOWNSHIP. 64:9 This is composed of a residence building with a hall on the second floor. The building is of concrete and originally cost $3,000. It is a two story structure, with ten rooms above the basement. Two acres of land surround the building. The lodge is free from debt and has $600 invested at 8 per cent. The membership is thirty-two. The officers for 1885 are: A. R. Miller, Noble Grand; Edmund Jones, Vice-Grand; Thomas Davy, Treasurer; M. J. Burkett, Per- manent Secretary; W. V. Guttcry, Recording Secretary; Will- iam Squires, Chaplain. CHUEOHES. The Methodist Episcopal Churoh at Middletown was dedicated July 3, 1870. It is a frame structure, coating about $2,800. A building was erected here very early in the history of the county, intended to be used by any and all denominations; but the Pres- byterians, who seem to have possessed the best claim to it, took it down about 1858 and re-erected it at Irish Gruve, Menard County. The first Methodist services were held in private houses. Later, meetings were held in the school-house, and then in the brick church just mentioned. The Springiank Methodist Episcopal Church, on section 25, was erected in 1867, at a cost of about $2,200. It is a white frame strncture, neat and comfortable. Among the early and prominent Methodists in this vicinity, and especially those who contributed largely to the building of the church, were David B. Evans, Judge Nolan and William B. Bock. Early services were held at private houses and at the school-house. The society has now thirty-five members. A Sunday-school has been usually sustained. William B. Bock was superintendent for many years, and at his removal, Rev. G. T-. Galford became superintendent and continued in that capacity five years, ending in 1884. The present superintendent is John T Foster. BIOGEAPHIOAt. William Breeze Bock, deceased, was born in England, June 1, 1813. Although a native pf England he was of German descent, his father, William Bock, having come from Hesse-Cassel, Ger- many, to Liverpool, when a young man, where he married Lucy Breeze. In 1823 William Bock, with his son, William Breeze Bock, came to the United States, settling in New York. The family came two years later. At the age of sixteen years our subject went to Philadelphia, where he served five years as an apprentice to the ;r 650 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cabinet-making business. He then returned to New York, where he worked at iiis trade for several years, and in 1837 married Miss Ann McAdam, born in Ireland, March 12, 1814, and came to New York with her father in 1834-. She taught school in New York. She is a granddaughter of Samuel Nielson, one of the United Irishmen of 1798. In 1838 Mr. Bock removed from New York to Jackson- ville, Illinois, and in the fall of that year he entered land in Logan County, where he settled subsequently. He then removed to Mid- dletown, and thence to Pekin, where he remained seven years en- gaged in working in black walnut and fancy woods, forwarding the same to the New York market. He returned to his home in Lo- gan County in the spring of 1856, and died at Lincoln in January, 1880, his wife dying one day later. Five of their children are now living. Mr. Bock was an honest, upright citizen, highly respected in the community in which he lived. Mrs. Bock was a woman of unusual literary attainments, possessing remarkable conversational powers. George A. Bock is the only one of the children of William Breeze Bock living in Corwin Township. He was born in Middle- town, Logan County, July 13, 1848. October 13,1875, he was married to Mary Louisa Babington, born in Ireland, July 28, 1848, coming to this country with her parents in 1851. Her parents set- tled in St. Louis, Missouri, where the father died the following year; the mother still survives. Mr. and Mrs. George A. Bock have three children — Mary Louisa, Catherine and Sidney Ethel. Mr. Bock has 320 acres on section 35. Peter Critz, a representative of one of the pioneer families oi' Logan County, is a son of John Critz and a grandson of Conrad Critz. The latter settled in what is now Broadwell Township,. October 29, 1827. Conrad Critz was a native of Pennsylvania, where he was reared and married. He removed to Clarke County, Ohio, from whence he came to Logan County in 1827. His wife- died in Ohio and when he came here his children had reached ma- turity, the children being five in number. His son John, who was then twenty-one years of age, accompanied him to this county, the remaining children coming here later. Conrad Critz died in De Witt County, Illinois, many years ago, and all of his sons are deceased. John "Critz married Elizabeth Martin, a daughter of John Martin, who was one of the pioneers of Logan County, coming from Ohio- in 1827. They had four children of whom Peter, whose name heads this sketch, is the only one living. Those deceased are — John, George and Albert. After his marriage John Critz settled,. -- ^ CORWm TOWNSHIP. 651 on section 4, Oorwin Township, where he lived till his death, June 10, 1878. His wife died October 28, 1877. Peter, the only one of his father's family who grew to maturity, was born at the home- stead in this township June 23, 1840, and he has always been a res- ident of the township. The farm which he owns and occupies was purchased by his father in 1865. It contains about 800 acres. He was married to Mary A.nn Hamil, a daughter of William Hamil, of this township. Of the four children born to them only one sur- vives— Adaline, born May 19, 1878. The three eldest children are — John W., who died aged thirteen years, and Jacob and Charles, who died in infancy. David G. Evans, deceased, was one of the prominent pioneers of Logan County. He was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, March 25, 1806, and when six years old he moved with his par- ents, Daniel and Mary (Gorsuch) Evans, to Pickaway County, Ohio. He was left an orphan when sixteen years of age, both of his parents dying the same week. In 1830 he was married to Anna Long, a native of Ohio. Of the ten children born to this union only two are living — Mrs. Nancy A. Richards and Mrs. Alice Foster, both in this township. Margaret married David Yan Daren, and died in December, 1853; Norman died in May, 1857, aged twenty-four years; John died in 1859, aged twenty-two years; Mary Ellen married John Spindler, and died in May, 1866; "Will- iam died in November, 1870, aged thirty years; James D. died in April, 1877, aged thirty-nine years; Anna Belle married James T. Galford, and died October 15, 1884; and one child died young. David Evans lived in Ohio till 1849, when he removed to Sanga- mon County, Illinois, where he occupied a rented farm for two years. He then located in Corwin Township, Logan County, pur- chasing of Captain Long a tract of 1,000 acres. Captain Long had erected on this place a large frame dwelling, around which he had built a fence, these being the only improvements made on the place when Mr. Evans located here with his family in 1851. Here he made his homestead, and here lived till his death. His widow still lives at the homestead with Mr. and Mrs. Foster, and is still in good health. Mr. Evans in early life was a Whig, and later a Republican of the most pronounced type. He was personally acquainted with a number of eminent men of his party, and was a personal friend of President Lincoln. He was present at the con- vention that nominated General Grant President in 1868. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and always gave 41 ^iTT 662 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. liberally of his means to the support of the gospel. Mr. Evans was an energetic and industrious citizen, and became known as one of the wealthy and successful men of Logan County. He was widely known, and universally respected for his many excellent qualities of both mind and heart. Hon. John T. Foster, one of the representative citizens of Logan County, is a native of Illinois, having been born in McDonough County, January 25, 1849, a son of Henry "W". and Eliza Ann Foster. His grandfather settled in McDonough County in 1831, where he lived till his death, in 1847. In 1881 the parents of Mr. Foster came to Logan County, and are now residents of East Lin- coln Township. John T. Foster was reared to the occupation of farming. In the fall of 1869 he entered the university at Lincoln, graduating in the class of 1872. His intention was to prepare himself for the bar, but owing to the ill health of his father he returned to the home farm after his graduation. He was married November 21, 1877, to Alice Evans, a daughter of the well-known pioneer, David G. Evans. They have two daughters and two sons — May Evans, Fannie, Herbert B. and Paul. Mr. Foster has been a resident of this county since January 1, 1878, where his real estate comprises 720 acres. At present he is devoting his entire attention to agricultural pursuits, and is classed among the prosperous and enterprising farmers of Logan County. Mr. Foster in politics is an ardent Republican, and when occasion de- mands it he devotes considerable attention to political affairs. He cast his first presidential vote for General Grant in 1872, and was very active during that campaign. He made his first political speeches during that year, being a member of the Central Com- mittee of McDonough County. In the fall of 1880 he was nomi- nated by the Republican party for the Legislature. He received a majority of about 373 votes in Logan County, and was defeated by only thirteen and a half votes, the district being then largely Democratic. In the fall of 1882 he was renominated for the Leg- islature and was elected. After serving one term at Springfield he refused further political honors, as his large farming interests demand his entire attention. Although Mr. Foster is strongly attached to the principles of the Republican party he does not allow prejudice to bias his judgment in estimating the character of men. He is a speaker of much force and effect, and as a citizen no man is more highly esteemed in the community in which he lives than John T. Foster. sV .14*. OOEWIN TOWNSHIP. 653 lerdinand Fulcher was born in Curchleven, Prussia, April 30, 1847. His father, Christian Fulcher, emigrated to the United States in 1854, settling in Pike County, Ohio, where he still lives, aged eighty-four years. His wife is also living. In September, 1867, Ferdinand Fulcher came to Logan County, where he worked by the month and farmed land till 1870, when he married Mary Rhoda, a daughter of Ephraim Rhoda, who came here from Ohio in 1865. He now resides in Lincoln. After marriage Mr. Fulcher rented a farm of 120 acres in this township, from John "Windle. In the fall of 1870 he bought sixty acres of land on sections 2 and 11, where he located. His wife died in October, 1874, leaving two girls, Anna and Louisa, the former born December 18, 1870, and the latter September 10, 1873. In December, after the death of his wife, Mr. Fulcher returned with his children to Ohio, and in October, 1875, he married his present wife, Mary Baker, born in Waverly, Ohio, January 20, 1853. Mr. Fulcher then lived one year in Waverly, returning in March, 1877, to Logan County, and has lived on his present farm of 172 acres ever since. By his present wife Mr. Fulcher has four children — John C, Georgia W., Sophia E. and Harmon A. He is now serving his second term as road commissioner for his township. Politically he is a Democrat. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran church . Mrs. Fnlcher's father, John Baker, died in Ohio, December 25, 1868, and her mother is still living in Kansas. William Fulcher, an elder brother of our subject, lives in this township; and a sister, Mrs. Sophia Arnhole, who formerly married Levi Rhoda, resides in Or- vil Township. Bev. James T. Galford was born in Tippecanoe County, Indi- ana, October 19, 1845. He removed with his father, William J. Galford, to Scioto County, Ohio, where the latter still lives. In 1868 James T. Galford came to • Logan County, and entered the university at Lincoln as a student, attending one term. The fol- lowing winter term he taught school, resuming his studies at the university in the spring. In the fall of 1869 he became a teacher of the Broadwell school, teaching there two years. In 1871 he re- entered the university, graduating in the class of 1873, and in the fall of that year again took charge of the school at Broadwell, re- maining one year, meanwhile pursuing his studies for the minis- try. While a student at the university Mr. Galford had officiated, for one year on the Mt. Pulaski circuit as junior preacher. In 1874 he joined the conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, \^ 654 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. then in session at Mattoon, and was appointed to Schuyler Circuit, where he remained two years. In the autumn of 1876 he was ap- pointed to the Astoria charge in Fulton County, remaining there one year. November 11, 1874, Mr. Galford married Anna Belle Evans, born in Sangamon County, July 3, 1850, the youngest child of David G. Evans. In March, 1878, he settled where he now lives, on section 28. Tliis was a part of the homestead farm of his father-in-law. October 15, 1884, Mr. Galford was bereaved by the death of his wife. She was a woman of excellent literary attainments, linisliing ^lier educition at Jacksonville. She was much attached to her home, and possessed a kind and amiable disposition that endeared her to all who knew her. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Galford, four of whom are living — Anna Evans, Amy Alice, William Y. and Gilbert Haven. The youngest child, James T., died in infancy. Mr. Galford devotes the most of his time to his large farming interests, preaching only occasionally. Politically he is identified with the Republican party. James A. Qlenn, the only surviving child of David A. and Lucy Nash Glenn, was born July 28, 1845, in Middletown, Logan County, Illinois, and with the exception of two years spent in Mendota he has always lived here. Re attended the North San- gamon Academy in Menard County two years, and the Wesleyan University for three years. At the age of twenty-one years he engaged in the mercantile business with his step-father, George D. Glenn. He married Zebella A. Robben, December 11, 1873, who was born in Menard County, Illinois, in June, 1853, a daughter of Edward and Anna (Redsucker) Robben, of Menard County. They have three children — Edward Robben, Anna Belle and Mary Edna. Mr. Glenn has been engaged in the mercantile business since 1867, and is one of the successful merchants of Corwin Township. He also owns several fine farms, the largest, which contains 325 acres, being in Menard County. His father, David Alexander Glenn, was one of the pioneers of Logan County. He was a son of William Glenn, who came to this county with his family from Cumberland County Pennsylvania, in 1827 and settled in Corwin Township, on section 20, south of Salt Creek, where the family lived many years, and where the mother died. William Glenn died at the residence of his daughter-in law, Lucy N. Glenn, at Middletown, September 11, 1853, aged seventy-five years. He and his wife had eleven chil- dren, all but one reaching maturity. All the children are now de- ceased. David A. Glenn was born in Pennsylvania, December COEWIN TOWKSHIP. 656 31, 1809. He came to this county with his parents and was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He was married May 13, 1840, to Lucy Nasli Church, who was born at South Hadley, Massachusetts, in 1817, a daughter of Zenas and Rachel (A.lvord) Church. When she was eleven years old her mother died, her father dying; when she was fourteen years old. Four years after the death of her father slie came to Illinois with her brother, Zenas Church, who settled in Bureau County, now a resident of Aurora. About one year after his marriage Mr. Glenn engaged in the mercantile trade at Mid- dletown which he followed till his death. He died in Pennsyl- vania, where he went for the benefit of his health, his death taking place December 12, 1850, at the age of forty-one years. He left his widow and two sons — Charles, now deceased, and James A., our subject. November 7, 1854, Mrs. Glenn was married to George D. Glenn, a brother of her iirst husband. He was born in 18iy, and was a farmer by occupation. In 1868 he settled on section 21, this township, where his widow now lives. He improved the farm, on which he lived till his death, November 17, 1883, at the age of sixty-four years. He left a widow and one son — Winfield, who was born February 27, 1857, now living with his mother at the home- stead. John Long is one of the settlers of 1852, and has lived on his present farm, on section 28, since 1855. He was born in Amanda Township, Fairfield County, Ohio, November 25, 1805, where he '.vas reared and married Bethiah Long, who although of the same name was not a relative. In 1852 he removed with his wife and family, consisting of nine children, to Illinois, settling in Hurlbut Township, where he remained two years. He tlien bought his pres- ent farm. There were a few improvements made on the farm when he purchased it, but all his present improvements in the way of building, fencing, etc., he has made himself. The farm consists of 224 acres, twenty-four acres of which is timber land. Mr. Long is one of those who has made his own way in the world, having but a few hundred dollars when he came to Logan County. The wife, whom he brought to Logan County with him, assisted her husband in making a home but did not live long to enjoy it. She died in August, 1871, leaving nine children, all of whom lived to maturity. Two sons and three daughters are now living — Wesley, residing in Atlanta, Logan County, married Miss Addie Harrison, of Waynes- ville, Illinois, daughter of Dr. Harrison; Mrs. Nancy Ritchhart, widow of Philip Ritchhart; Ellen, wife of Charles Morse, of Hurl- 1^ =5^ '-^ 656 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTV. but TowQsliip; John, aad Anna, wife of Michael Brinkett. The father of the subject of this sketch, James Long, was a native of New Jersey, and removed with his parents from his native State to Pennsylvania, where he married the mother nf our subject, re- moving soon after his marriage to Kentucky. Later he removed to Ohio, where he died. The mother came to Illinois to live with her children and died soon after. John H. Long, the only child at the homestead of our subject, was born in Ohio, May 8 , 1847, and with the exception of six years, four of which he was engaged in business at Atlanta, he has always lived at the homestead. He married Miss Callie Van Meter, born in Ohio, July 8, 1852, daugh- ter of John R. Van Meter, of Logan County, Ohio. Zaehariah Martin is a son of John Martin, who settled in what is now Menard County, then a part of Sangamon, in 1827, making his home at Irish Grove. John Martin was born in Virginia, and removed with his parents to Clinton County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and married Miss Elizabeth Price, a native of Vir- ginia. In 1827 John Martin, with his family, consisting of his wife and seven children, came to Illinois, as stated, and settled on a farm, which he improved and on which he lived for several years. He then sold out and removed to Tazewell County, where he re- mained but one year, when he came to Logan County and bought eighty acres in Corwin Township, which is now a part of the farm of his son, Zaehariah. Here he resided till his death, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife survived him for several years, be- ing eighty-four years of age at her decease. Of the twelve chil- dren born to them, four died iu childhood in Ohio. Only three are now living — Mary, widow of J. Langeston, of Missouri; Mrs. Rachel Price, of "West Lincoln Township, and Zaehariah. The last named was born in Clinton County, Ohio, February 16, 1823, and was only four years of age when he came with his parents to Il- linois. He has lived in Corwin Township most of the time since it was organized as a township, on the decease of his father pur- chasing the homestead farm, where he now lives, from the heirs. He is the only one of his father's family living in Corwin Township. He was married in this township to Margaret Banghan, a daughter of Berrimaii Banghan, also one of the pioneers of Logan County. In 1848 Mr. Martin was bereaved by the death of his wife, who left one son, John B., who was born January 10, 1847. Mi-. Martin lost a son in infancy. He has 365 acres in this township and also owns 120 acres in Sheridan Township. OORWIN TOWNSHIP. 667 Robert A. Rayium, of Middletown, is a representative of one of the pioneers of Logan County. His parents, Milton and Jane Barnett, were natives of Kentuckj', the former being born in Lin- coln County, August 25, 1799, and the latter born March 19, 1797. They were married October 11, 1821, continuing to reside in Ken- tucky for several years. October, 1831, they came to Illinois with their family of three children — Robert A., Nathan B. and James L., the first mentioned being then a little more than four years old, and the youngest a babe of three or four months. The family passed the first winter at the house of Nathan Barnett, who lived about one mile southeast of the present village of Middletown. This was the winter of the " deep snow " and all that was accom- plished by the settlers during that time was to keep themselves supplied, so fur as possible, with food and fuel, not always an easy thing to do, owing to the almost impossibility of getting away from home to procure the necessary articles of food. Springfield was the first point of trade with the settlers in this vicinity, and was then but a small village. Milton Rayb urn settled in Menard County, near the Logan County line, at what is known as " Irish Grove." Robert Rayburn, the father of Milton and the grand- father of Robert A. Rayburn, came here a year or two before Mil- ton and entered land, and it was on a part of the land that he entered that his son Milton settled. Robert Rayburn resided with his son until his death in 1836. His wife died in Kentucky. Milton Rayburn built his first house on the eighty acres which had been his father's, but this being located in the timber he decided, after two or three years, to remove his house to another farm of 120 acres which he had purchased, just west of his original eighty acres. There he lived for many years. About 1854 he gave up farming and came to Middletown, where he engaged in the mer- cantile business, which he continued till within two or three years of his death, which occurred April 27, 1872. His wife had died several years before the death of her husband. Milton Rayburn was a man that stood high in the community in which he lived as an upright, honorable citizen. He was a man who made but little noise in the world, but whose influence was exercised in a quiet way, in the interest of righ t, as he believed it. In religion both he and his wife were Presbyterians. Politically, in the early days, he was a Whig, of the anti-slavery type, and later was a Republi- can. Mr. and Mrs. Milton Rayburn had five children, three sons, whose names have already been mentioned, and two daughters — f- 658 HI8T0KY OF LOGAN CODNTY. Lucinda, who married David Stone, both she and her husband being now deceased, and Elizabeth Jane, widow of Henry Post, who aecidently shot himself at Middletown in 1862. The three sons are all living — Robert A., at Middletown; Nathan B., of Martinsburg, Iowa, and James L., in Menard Connty. Eobert A. Eayburn, the eldest child, was born in Adair County, Kentucky, April 12, 1826, but has lived in this vicinity since he came here with his parents. He passed his early life in farming, except what time he served in the Mexican war. Since 1855 he has lived in Middletown. He was appointed postmaster of that place in 1864, at the same time engaging in the grocery trade. He was also elected a justice of the peace at about the same time, and these interests have received his attention since that time. Recently he has been siicceeded in the postoffiee by Eugenia B. Rayburn, and he was also, by reason of failing health, retired from trade and also from his official position. Mr. Rayburn was married December 16, 1848, to Isabella R. Snyder, born in Washington County, Indiana, in 1832. She is a daughter of John and Margaret (Kelso) Snyder, and came to Illinois with them when a child. June 18, 1878, Mrs. Rayburn died, after a married life of about .thirty years. Of the nine children born to them (five sons and four daughters) two sons and three daughters are now living — Garret E., Eugenia B.,Lula, Carrie M. and Robert C. The deceased children are — Charles M., Edward E., an infant daughter, unnamed, and Louis. William P. Richards, deceased, son of Josiah Richards, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in February, 1825, and came to Logan County, from Ohio, with his father's family, settling in Corwin Township. He was reared a farmer, an occupation which he has always followed. He was twice married, his first wife being Miss Elizabeth Musick, who died in June, 1853. November 27, 1855, he married Nancy A. Evans, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1834, daughter of D. G. Evans. By his first wife Mr. Richards had one son, who died in infancy. By his second wife he had six children, four of whom are living — Lizzie F., wife of James W. Simmons; John E., David G., and Charles William. The deceased children are — Oella P. and Guy C. In 1849, when a young man, Mr. Richards went by the overland route to Cali- fornia, the trip taking about six months. Here he engaged in mining, in which he was quite successful. After being absent about one year he returned by way of the Isthmus. Mr. Richards died January 8, 1878. He improved the farm where his widow --ih J^ COEWIN TOWNSHIP. 659 still lives, and was one of the prominent and successful men of the township. Politically he was a Republican. John Wilson JSoiinson, residing on section 34, Corwin Town- ship, was born in Ross County, Ohio, in 1822, and is a son of John and Hannah (McDill) Robinson. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, coming to Ross County with his paternal uncle, his father having been killed by Indians while engaged in survey- ing and laying out lands where Chillicothe, Ohio, now stands. John Robinson, the father of our subject, reared a large family, all of whom are in prosperous circumstances. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife died when John W. was ten years old. The latter spent his youth in assisting his father on the farm. After reaching maturity he spent eight years in Ross County. The prospect of gaining a competence without much means was not favorable in what had then become a comparatively old countrj' so he resolved to come West, and accordingly, with his brother Joshua, he started for Illinois, They first went to McDonough County but did not like the appearance of the land, nor did they find a location that pleased them till they reached the spot where Mr. Robinson now resides. He purchased 280 acres here in 1851, 240 acres of which was prairie land, and forty acres being timber land. No impi-ovements had been made on this land, but in Feb- ruary, 1852, Mr. Robinson began to improve his farm where he has since made his home. His brother Joshua also made a settle- ment adjoining. He never married and died in 1861, aged forty- one years. Two weeks after his first purchase of 280 acres Mr. Robinson bought another quarter-section, and in less than a year he and his brother had purchased about 1,000 acres. He now owns over 2,000 acres, nearly all being in one body. Since coming to Illinois he has been engaged in dealing in stock and farming, in which he has been very successful. His stock is of the highest grade, and for it he is always sure to get the full market value. When he came there he had about $1,300, which money he had acquired by his own exertions before coming West. He is now numbered among the wealthiest farmers of Logan County. January 18, 1855, Mr. Robinson was married to Harriet Lowrey who was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1836, coming to Logan County with her parents, Thompson and Maria (McDonald) Lowrey, when a child. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have no children. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Democrat. He is always interested in educational matters, and is a good neighbor and a worthy citizen. 1 "O 660 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. Emanuel Turner \i2i& heen a resident of Logan County since October 17, 1845. In the fall of 1847 he located on his present farm, purchasing at first 160 acres from C. H. Moore. A small frame house liad been built on this land, and about forty acres had been broken. He occupied the house above mentioned till 1877 when his present fine frame residence was completed which was erected at a cost of $3,000. He has now 400 acres of land all under cultivation but eighty acres of timbered land, and his farm buildings are good. He has another residence and out buildings on the northwest part of his farm, a half mile distant. Mr. Turner was born in Page County, Virginia, June 15, 1822, his parents, Nathan and Anna, being also natives of Page County, where they lived till their death. Our subject remained at home till September 17, 1845, when he came to Logan County. Novem- ber 7, 1847, he was married to Mrs. Matilda Musick, a daughter of John Donovan who settled in Logan County in 1834. They have had five children, three still living — William H., of CoUey County, Kansas ; James G., in Middletown, and Irvin G. H., at home. Jasper N., the third child, and Emma G., the youngest, are de- ceased. May 9, 1846, Mr. Turner enlisted at Postville in the service of the Mexican war. He was a member of Company I, Fourth Illinois Infantry, his regiment being commanded by gallant Colonel Baker, who fell at Ball's Bluff in the war of the Rebellion. Mr. E. Turner participated in the battles of Mattamoras and Cerro Gordo. He served seven months when he was discharged on ac- count of disability, and has never fully recovered from the efiects of his service. L^ CHAPTER XXII. EAST LINCOLN TONWSHIP. Geoskapht. — List of Officials, 1867-'85. — Statistics. — Politi- ciL. — Lawndale. — Biographical. This township is bouaded as follows: On the north by Emi- nence Township, east by Oran Township, south by Chester Town- ship, and west by West Lincoln Township, and contains the greater part of the city of Lincoln. It is crossed diagonally by the Chi- cago & Alton Railroad. Lawndale, a station on this road, is located in the northern part, on section 2. The township is drained by Kickapoo Creek, to the north, and Deer Creek, to the south. The township is exactly six miles square. township officers. The township officers elected each year from 1867 to 1885, in- clusive, are here shown: 1867 — Supervisor, James Beers; Clerk, Samuel T. Atkins; As- sessor, William G. Starkey; Collector, Thomas J. Pegram; High- way Commissioners, A. B. Nicholson, L. L. Hatton and Benjamin F. Smith; Justices, John S. Windsor and C. F. Stewart; Consta- bles, Thomas B. Parker and Samuel E. Fergus. 1868 — Supervisor, James Beers; Clerk, JR. B. Fryer; Assessor, Samuel T. Atkins; Collector, Thomas J. Pegram ; Highway Com- missioner, L. L. Hatton; Constable, George Williams. 1870 — Supervisor, James Beers; Clerk, George W. Parker; As- sessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Thomas J. Pegram; Highway Commissioner, Whitby Hunting; Justices, Samuel T. Atkins and Preston B. Knight; Constables, Isaac C. G. Crandall and Jacob Eoutson. 1871 — Supervisor, John T. Jenkins; Clerk, Samuel T. Atkins; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Colbey M. Knapp; Highway Commissioners, Levi L. Hatton and Leonidas Stephenson. 1872— Supervisor, William B. Cramer; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Jacob Routson; Highway Commissioner, W. J. Wheeler. ^ Asz 662 HI8T0KY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1878 — Supervisor, N. E. Pegram; Clerk, P. B. Knight; Asses- sor, J. S. Metcalf; Collector, C. E. Coddington; Highway Com- missioner, Whitby Hunting; Justice, Reuben B. Ewing. 1874 — Supervisor, Thomas J. Larison; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Thomas J. Pegram; Highway Commissioner, Stephen Zollers; Justices, Jacob T. Eu- dolph and Wilford D. Wyatt; Constables, Elza S. Hukill, Job J. Whiteman and John W. Grantham. 1875 — Supervisor, Edward D. Blinn ; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, A. E. Brown; Highway Commissioner, Joel U. Starkey. 1876 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, William A. Howard; High- way Commissioner, Whitby Hunting; Justice, H. Maltby. 1877 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, T. Newkirk; Highway Commissioner, William D. Duff; Justices, J. T. Rudolph, Frank Fisk, C. F. Stewart and Wilford D. Wyatt; Constables, Job J. Whiteman, W. S. Larison, E. S. Hukill, Charles Phillips and R. C. Ewing. 1878 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Preston B. Knignt; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, T. Newkirk; Highway Com- missioner, Joel U. Starkey; Constable, W. H. Crawford. 1879 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Preston B. Knight; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Commissioner, James M. Houser. 1880 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, H. Maltby; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Commis- sioner, James McConnell; Justice, J. W. Grantham. 1881 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Joel U. Starkey; As- sessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Commissioner, Thomas Musick; Justices, J. T. Rudolph, H. Maltby, W. D. Wyatt and J.W.Grantham; Constables, J. J. Whiteman, J. L. Sims, W. S. Larison and William Crawford. 1882 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Assistant Supervisor, Joel U. Starkey; Clerk, Harrison Maltby; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Commissioner, Joseph Rhodes. 1883 — Supervisor, Robert Scartli; Assistant Supervisor, Joel TJ. Starkey; Clerk, Harrison Maltby; Assessor, John S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Commissioner, James ^ EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 663 McConnell; Constables, James Ward and William H. Crawford. 1884 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Clerk, Harrison Maltby; Assessor, J. S. Metcalf; Collector, Tunis Newkirk; Highway Comissioner, J. T. Musick; Constable, James S. Jones. 1885 — Supervisor, Robert Scarth; Assistant Supervisor, Joel U. Starkey; Clerk, Harrison Maltby; Assessor, Edward Spell- man; Collector, T. L. Hoskins; Highway Commissioner, John Ahrens; Justices, J. T. Rudolph, H. Maltby, W. D. Wyatt and J. W. Grantham; Constables, L. J. Sims, J. S. Jones, R. Rosen thai and Z. T. Ewing. STATISTICS. East Lincoln's population in 1870 was 3,397; in 1880, 4,056; in 1885, estimated 4,300. Outside of Lincoln City there are about 1,000 inhabitants. The valuation and taxation of property in 1875, are here given for comparison with the same items in 1885. 1875.— Equalized valuation, $1,440,743; State tax, $4,322.22; county tax, $2,881.50; town tax, $1,008.52; district school tax, $4,026.74; district road tax, $650.55; road and bridge tax, $5,761.- 98; sinking fund tax, $1,440.74; county bond tax, $1,872.96; city and corporation taxes, $24,772.60; back taxes, $1,410.79; total taxes, $48,148.60. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $895,835; State tax, $3,451 15; county tax, $6,409.29; township tax, $2,267.90; road and bridge tax, $2,465.12; county bond interest tax, $1,281.86; township bond interest tax, $6,310.69; corporation tax, $22,095.60; district school tax, $3,156.79; dog tax, $196; back taxes with costs and interest, $2,948.64; total taxes, $50,583.04. POLITICAL. East Lincoln was once heavily Republican, but a gradual cliange has taken place, until in 1884 the township went slightly Demo- cratic. Following is the vote for President since the township was organized: 1868-Ulysses 8. Grant 418 166 Horatio Seymour 253 1872-Ulys8es S. Grant 375 135 Horace Greeley 240 1876-Rutherford B. Hayes. . .505 97 Samuel J. Tilden .408 Peter Cooper 3 1880— James A. Qarfltld 491 90 Winfield S. Hancock. . .401 Neal Dow 40 James B Weaver 32 1884— Grover Oleveland 461 80 James G. Blaine 481 John P. St. John 81 Benj.P. Butler 19 Sfv" 664 HisroKT OF logan county. LAWNDALE is about seven miles northeast of Lincoln, on the Chicago & Alton Railroad. It was laid out by Thomas Esten, who built the first store on the plat. His son still carries on the business in the same building. The first dwelling in the village was built by R. K. Webster; the second by Mr. Esten, who was the first postmaster here. He came to this place as agent for a colony from Massachu- setts, and built a saw-mill on the banks of the creek, which mill was, for several years, a great convenience to the people living in this vicinity. It has been torn down and removed. The village is an excellent grain point, shipping mostly to Chicago. It> contains two stores, two shops, one church and one school. C. C. Ewing is one of the earliest residents in this vicinity, he, his father, and his uncle, Judge Reuben B. Ewing, locating in 1830. The country was then a wilderness. The business interests of Lawndale in 1885 are represented by these names: Aurelian Esten, general store and grain elevator;. Erearly & Co., general store and corn buyers; Pegram & Bro., grain elevator; J". F. Stewart, blacksmith; Reuben F. Druley, blacksmith; George Naugle, wagon shop; Lafayette Barger, post- master; J. A. Cooper, station agent. The population of the village is nearly 200. A graded school is maintained here, B. S. Brown being princi- pal, and Ora McClain, assistant. The church was built in 1872, by the Cumberland Presbyterians and Methodist Episcopals jointly, and the usual custom has been for them to have services alternate Sundays. Rev. Johnson, of Atlanta, comes here for the Methodists. The Cumberland Pres- byterians iiave no minister, but Rev. A. Ritter, a Methodist Prot- estant, came to Lawndale in September, 1885, on a year's engage- ment. A. F. Poe is superintendent of the Sunday-school which is undenominational in character. The Lawndale Literary Society was organized in December, 1885, with the purpose of holding meetings every week. Officers: J. 0.. Miller, President; W. H. Crawford, Vice-President; Patsy Peifer, Secretary; George Naugle, Treasurer. BIOGEAPHIOAL. Thomas Beers, deceased, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio,. October 8,. 1830. He is the son of Charles and Mary (Spowr)' Beers. He was reared on a farm, and when a boy his parents re- EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 665 moved to Shelby, Shelby County, Ohio. When he was five years old they moved to Illinois, settling where Bloomington now stands. After living there two years they returned to Shelby County, Ohio, where onr subject grew to manhood, receiving more than an ordinary common-school education. December 4, 1859, he was married in Miami County, Ohio, to Miss Hettie J. Martin, a daughter of Daniel and Susan (Shelley) Martin, who came from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, when Mrs. Beers was twelve years old. In May, 1861, Mr. and Mrs. Beers came to Logan County, set- tlingon what was known as the Duif farm,in ^tna Township, where they resided one year. They then moved to East Lincoln Town- ship, two miles east of Lincoln, residing there four years, movinw from there to the farm joining the homestead. In 1868 they set- tled on the homestead, where Mr. Beers passed the best of his days. Mr. and Mrs. Beers had four children, three of whom are living— Emma A., wife of William E. Town; Ida K ; John Will- iam, married Hattie Poe; Eva E., who died at the age of ten years and nine months. Mr. Beers and his wife and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically Mr. Beers cast his vote with the Eepublican party. He died October 8, 1883. James T. Brown was born in Hart County, Kentucky, in April, 1843, and is the second son and third child of Patrick Henry Brown, a native of Virginia, of Scotch descent. The mother of our subject, Louisa (Enlows) Brown, was the second wife of Pat- rick H. Brown, and was a native of Kentucky. James T. Brown was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools. In 1856 he, with his father's family, came to Illinois, settling in Pike County, where the father died in 1859, leaving his wife and a large family of children in limited means. As the elder brother of our subject enlisted in 1862, dying while in the service of the terrible civil war, the care of the family devolved upon our subject. In 1864 they came to Logan County, and set- tled on the farm, adjoining his present farm, and in 1869 he moved on his present farm, which contains 160 acres of improved land. In 1867 Mr. James T. , Brown was married to Miss Mary Lewis, born in Kentucky, a daughter of Francis and Frances (Jarber) Lewis. They are the parents of three children — William F., Wal- ter V. and Nellie. Both Mr. Brown and his wife are members of the Baptist church. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. .^ 666 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. John B. Downey, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Warren County, Ohio, April 18, 1848, and is the eldest of the six children of Eleazar and Elizabeth (Worley) Downey. Eleazar Downey was a native of Virginia and his wife was born in Ohio. Our subject was reared on a farm, receiving his education at the common schools. He resided with his parents until 1868, when he came to Logan County, where he remained for a time. He then returned to his native home, remaining till the following spring, when he returned to Logan County and engaged in farming on his present farm in 1873, where he has 120 acres, all under a high state of cultivation, the farm being owned by his father. He was married October 2, 1872, to Miss Mary Alice Riggs, a native of Sangamon County, Illinois. By this union there was one child — Fairy Alice. Mr. and Mrs. Downey are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically Mr. Downey is a Republican. W. D. Duff was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, February 20, 1835. He is the youngest son of Ebenezer and Sarah (McClure) Duff; the former, of Scotch-Irish descent, was born in North Carolina and reared in Kentucky, and the latter, of Scotch descent, was born in Kentucky. In the year 1828 they moved to Sanga- mon County, Illinois, residing there until 1855, when they re- moved to Logan County, where they resided until their death, Mrs. Duff dying in 1863 and Mr. Duff March 29, 1884. They were members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Our subject was reared in his native county, and came with his parents to Lo- gan County in 1855. He settled in jEtna Township and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was married March 15, 1859, to Miss Emeline H. Lavison, born in Logan County, a daughter ot'T. J. and Catherine Ann (Hoblit) Lavison. In 1866 Mr. Duff removed to his present farm in East Lincoln Township, which contains 320 acres of improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Duff have eleven children —Adah Bell, wife of T. L. McConnell; J. T. married Kittie Gra- ham; Charles E., James M., |Myrtle E., Emeline H., Maud C, Jessie, Blanch, Elizabeth H. and Helen. In politics Mr. Duff is a Republican. William Henry Dunham (deceased) was one of the most prom- inent pioneers of Logan County and none is more worthy of no- tice. He was born in Warren County, Ohio, November 15, 1821, and is the eldest of the eleven children of James and Catherine (Banta) Dunham. His parents were both of English descent and came from the New England States to Ohio at an early day. Our EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 667 subject was reared on a farm and reseived his education at the com- mon school, mastering the languages by hard study at home. In connection with his farming pursuits, he engaged in teaching. He also fitted himself for the ministry in the Christian church, be- ginning to preach when only nineteen years of age. He also be- came conversant with the medical profession. He resided with his parents till his marriage, which occurred October 30, 1844. His wife was Miss Lydia "Wilgus, born in "Warren County, Ohio, July 4, 1823, a daughter of "William and Mary ("Wright) "Wilgus, natives of New Jersey, who came to Ohio at an early day. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham resided in "Warren County until 1856, coming in the spring of that year to Logan County, Hlinois, locating in Atlanta. After engaging in the mercantile business for a short time he moved to a farm near that village. He then moved to Centralia, where he lived three years, engaged in school teaching. He then returned to Logan County and purchased eighty acres of unim- proved land and began making a home. In August, 1862, he en- listed in Company C, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. He was first made Sergeant and served in the Army of the Ten- nessee until near the close of the war, when he was honorably dis- charged June, 1865. He here lost his health, which he never recovered. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham had nine children of whom five lived till maturity. Two still survive — Lydia and Eosa. Those deceased are — Augustus, Quincy, Monroe, Lucy, "William J., May C. and Anna. Mr. Dunham died July 12, 1878, leaving his wife, children, and a large number of friends to mourn his loss. He had been magistrate under the administration of Governor Oglesby. Christopher C. Ewmg, one of the prominent early settlers of Logan County, is a native of "White County, Illinois, born Novem- ber 25, 1818. He is the fourth son and sixth child of John and Elizabeth (Dillard) Ewing, the former a native of East Tennessee and the latter of North Carolina. They were married in East Ten- nessee, coming to Illinois in 1809. John Ewing was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving until its close. "Wl^en the subject of this sketch was eleven years of age his parents moved to Tazewell County, now a part of Logan, and bought of the Government a large tract of valuable land, where they died, the mother surviving the father six years. Christopher C. Ewing was reared in Logan County, living with his parents and caring for them as long as they lived. "When they settled in this county, the Indians were 42 IfT 668 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. their neighbors and were often troublesome and even quarrelsome. The Black Hawk war broke out the year following their settlement and the eldest son of the family enlisted and served till its close. Our subject well remembers the deep snow of 1831. His father brought 150 head of cattle, besides horses and sheep, to the county, and they were obliged to haul feed for their stock a distance some- times of four miles, with the snow three feet on a level and drifted in some places over the fences. This was a hard winter and often did they repent coming North, and many times were tempted to return to their old home, bat have never repented their decision to remain in their prairie home. In November, 1833, was wit- nessed what was called the meteoric shower, which, in grandeur, surpassed the great snow and Indian horrors. From midnight till daylight there was a blaze of meteors as thick as snow flakes, and apparently everything was on fire. Some thought the end of the world had come, and many got together and held a prayer-meeting. In the summer of 1835 our subject accompanied an older brother to Chicago, with a load of wheat. They drove an ox team and were two weeks in making the trip, and six weeks in completing the journey home. They sold their wheat at 75 cents a bushel and loaded their wagon with salt, sugar, cofl'ee, etc. Chicago at that time was a small village, and several tribes of Indians were camp- ing on its present site, many of them being there awaiting pay day. Fort Dearborn was at that time strongly garrisoned to hold them in check, but they were often imposed upon, the whites with the aid of whisky often robbing them of the greater part of their money. In December, 1836, our pioneers experienced another severe change in the atmosphere and lost heavily of their stock and poultry, and in some cases their own lives. The snow had been falling for a day or two when a drizzling rain set in which continued until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, melting the snow and converting it into a thin mushy ice. Suddenly there came a mighty, rushing wind from the northwest, which roared at a distance like a hurri- cane and froze everything in its course. The water on the ponds was frozen in waves, and all who were out suffered more or less, as in an hour the mercury changed from forty degrees above to thirty degrees below zero. This severe weather continued three days,and resulted in much sickness throughout the country. Experiencing in his youth these severe tests, our subject learned lessons of en- durance and perseverance which in later life has made him one of the most successful and progressive of Logan County's citizens. iV EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 669 In 1845 he was chosen as a suitable inaa for magistrate and elected, serving for a period of four years. In I^ovember, 1849, he was elected associate judge, which position he held till 1853, when he retired from public life, and has since devoted his whole attention to the farm, which now contains 2,000 acres under fine cultivation. He is also the owner of 1,200 acres of land in Colorado. Mr. Ewing has been married three times. His first marriage was to Miss M. A. Williams, who came from Kentucky to Illinois two years prior to their union, which occurred in May, 1842. Four children were born to them, two of whom are living. Mrs. Ewing died in May, 1849. In October, 1849, Mr. Ewing married Adaline Metcalf, a native of Illinois, who died October 22, 187Y. Of the eight chil- dren born to them seven are living. In the fall of 1878 Mr. Ewing married Elizabeth Ellis, a native of Ohio, and to them have been born three children, two of whom, Jessie and Bessie, are living. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Henry W. Foster was born in Daviess County, Indiana, Sep- tember 3, 1823. He is a son of Arthur J. and Sarah (Kelso) Foster; the former, of Scotch and Irish ancestry, was a native of Indiana, and the latter was born in South Carolina. When our subject was seven years of age his parents removed to Macon County, Illinois, where they resided one year, moving from thereto McDonough County, Illinois, where our subject was reared on a farm, receiving a limited education in the subscription schools. His father died when he was seventeen years old, and, he being the eldest child, the care of the farm and the support of his mother and the family devolved upon him. He resided at home until he was twenty-four years of age. November 4, 1846, he was married to Miss Eliza Kirkpatrick, born in Illinois, a daughter of David and Sarah (Cox) Kirkpatrick, who came from Tennessee to Adams County in 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Foster after their marriage settled on a farm, where he followed agricultural pursuits until March, 1881, when he re- moved to Logan County and purchased his present farm of eighty acres of improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Foster have had seven chil- dren, six of whom are living — Hon. John T., a farmer, in this county; Sylvania B., wife of Uev. William McDavid, of Mont- gomery County, Illinois; Sylvanus M., died at the age of twenty- six years ; Theodocia E.; Sarah I., wife of John Johnson ; Carrie E., and William F. Both Mr. and Mrs. Foster are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In politics Mr. Foster was — » \\Q- 670 HISTORY OF LOGAN CO [TNT Y. formerly an old-line "Whig, but since the organization of the Re- publicans he has allied himself with that party. Milikln Guttery, son of Andrew and Sarali Gr. Guttery, was born in Warren County, Ohio, in 1810. He was reared on a farm, and was educated in the subscription schools. When our subject was eight years of age his father died, and from that time he was dependent upon his own energy, making his living at farming and carpenter work. March 29, 1838, he was married to Miss Rebecca T. Stevenson, also a native of Warren County, Ohio. They were married in the State of Indiana, both being residents there at that time. They farmed in Boone County, Indiana, uniil the spring of 1865, when he purchased his present farm of 232 acres in Logan County, Illinois. After cultivating and improving this farm until 1874 they removed to Lincoln, in order that their children might be educated. In 1880 they moved to Sullivan County, Missouri, and returned, two years later, to his old farm in Illinois. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Gruttery, six of whom are living — Sarali, Ann Eliza, Samuel, William, Laura and Josephus. Mr. and Mrs. Guttery are both earnest Christians and strong supporters of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Mr. Guttery affiliates with the Democratic party. Conrad Kross was born in Prussia, December 21, 1820, and was reared on a farm. Ho resided with his parents, Henry and Mary Kross, until he was twenty-seven years of age, leaving in 1847 for the United States. He first located near St. Louis, Missouri, and engaged in farming one year. He then came to Jacksonville, Illi- nois, wliere he followed the same occupation. He was married July 15, 1858, to Miss Augusta Paulina Tohn, daughter of God- frey and Catherine Tohn. Mrs. Kross is a native of the same place as her husband, and came to the United States with her brother in 1857, settling in Jacksonville. Mr. and Mrs. Kross settled in Lo- gan County, buying a farm of eighty acres of improved land. He now has 100 acres of improved land, under a high state of cultiva- tion. They are the parents of six children — Cattierine, wife of John Smith ; Mary E., wife of Charles Hezenstep; Joseph, Anne, Elizabeth and Trasia. Mr. Kross is a self-made man, who by hard work and close attention to his pursuits has accumulated a good property. He and his wife are members of the Catholic church. In politics he is a Democrat. Hon. Aaron B. Nicholson was born in Logan County, Ohio, December 26, 1826. He is the eldest child of David T. and Ruth -. B ' EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 671 Brown) Nicholson, the former a native of Maysville, Kentucky, and of Irish oria;in, and the latter born in North Carolina and of Scotch descent. "When our subject was four years of age his par- ents removed to Bristol, Indiana, and at the age of six years to Cass County, Michigan, and were among the first settlers of the St. Joseph Valley. Here Aaron B. Nicholson was reared on a farm, and received his early education in the subscription schools of the early days. October 28, 1846, he was married to Miss Jane Norton, daughter of Pleasant and Eachel Norton, and a native of Ohio. To them were born two children — Charles A., and Emma J., now wife of Marshall Howell. Mrs. Nicholson died March 12, 1851. November 28, 1851, he was again married, to Mary A. Eastman, who was born on March 2, 1835, the daughter of John Eastman, who removed from Ohio to Michigan, among the early settlers. By this marriage there were five children — Elvira, wife of Hezekiah Shaners; Euth, wife of Keuben Ewing; Lillie E. ; Albert, who married Jossie Lalond, and Edwin B. In April, 1856, our subject, in company with his father's family, removed to Logan County, Illinois, settling near Mt. Pulaski, where his parents passed the remainder of their days, and were buried in one grave, Mrs. Nicholson dying on March 1, 1860, and Mr. Nichol- son the day following. Our subject resided south of Mount Pnlaski until the fall of 1860, when, being elected to the oflBce of sherifl' of Logan County, he removed to the city of Lincoln, where he resided two years, or until the expiration of his term of ofiice. He then removed to his present farm, where he has since resided. In 1862 he was appointed by the court of Logan County as land commissioner to dispose of all lands known as the county swamp lands. In 1869 he was elected by the people of his district to the State Senate, where he served a term of four years under the old Con- stitution. He was re-elected in 1873 for a shore term of two years, after which he was appointed by Governor John L. Beveridge a trustee of the Institution for the Feeble-Minded. Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Politically he has always affiliated with the Republican party. He]is now living a retired life on his farm of 160 acres near Lincoln, Illinois. Nicholas Peifer was born in Prussia in 1819, and is a son of Theodore and Catharine (Leizor) Peifer. He was reared a farmer, an occupation which he has always followed. In 1817 he came to the United States, settling in Illinois, working by the day for a period of five years. October 17, 1852, he was married to Miss 672 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOITNTT. Catharine Roaeh, a native of Ireland, who came to America at the age of eighteen years. H.is first permauent location was in Taze- well County, Illinois, where he resided about fourteen years. In 1867 he purchased his present home, the farm containing 240acre8 of valuable land. Of the nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Peiter eight still survive — Cecilia, the eldest, is a Sister of Charity of the Jacksonville Convent; Theodore, Henry, Mary, John, Thomas, Frank and Katie. Mr. and Mrs. Peifer are devout mem- bers of the Catholic church. Politically Mr. Peifer affiliates with the Democratic party. Joel JJ. Starkey, born in Madison County, Illinois, April 18, 1822, is the youngest of the eleven children of Jesse and Abigail (Russel) Starkey. Mr. Jesse Starkey, a native of Virginia, was of English descent, and his wife, a native of Tennessee, was of Welsh ancestry. In 1809 they came to Illinois and entered a tract of Government land, and began to make a frontier home. He served through the war of 1812 as a Ranger, aft«srward settling down on his farm, where he spent the rest of his life. He served as magistrate under the Territorial Government for many years. His death occurred in 1830, his wife surviving him until 1865. Our subject was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the subscription schools. He resided with his mother until he grew to manhood after which he cared for her until her death. February 14, 1845, he was married to Miss Jane C. Hagerman, a native of Dearborn County, Inuiana, and a daughter of Daniel and Jane C. Hagerman. He engaged in farming in Madison County until the spring of 1869, when they moved to Logan County and purchased his present farm in East Lincoln Township, where he has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Starkey are the parents of nine children, six of whom survive — Jesse R., John W., Horace E., James C, Mary E. and Robert N. The deceased are — Julia A., Daniel H. and Edgar C. Mr. Starkey is a member of the present Board of Supervisors. Both he and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In politics he casts his vote for the Democratic party. O. H. Strong/ was born in Marlborough, Windham County, Yer- mont, March 6, 1820. He is a son of David and Abigail (Pinney) Strong, who were natives of Connecticut. Our subject was reared on a farm, receiving a limited common-school education. He re- sided with his parents until his majority. June 16, 1847, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Thomas, daughter of Henry and Sarah EAST LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 673 (Adam) Thomas, and a native of Winchester, New Hampshire. In 1858 he removed to Greenfield, Massachusetts, where he engaged in the mercantile trade for eight years. In 1867 he removed to Logan County, engaging in the mercantile business in Lincoln, and in 1870 he settled on his present farm, two miles east of Lincoln, which he purchased in 1867. His homestead contains eighty acres, besides which he owns another farm in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Strong have had two children, one of whom is living — Cliristina, wife of W. B. Waljeman, of Lincoln. George F. died at the age of three years and tliree months. Both Mr. Strong and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politi- cally Mr. Strong affiliates witii the Republican party. Edward L. Wodeski is a native of Poland, and was born May 30, 1819. He is a son of I. G. and I. C. (Syke) Wodeski, and was reared on a farm in his native country until he was about eighteen years of age, when he immigrated with his parents to the United States, locating in Baltimore, Maryland, where he engaged in various occupations. He learned the wagonmaker's trade, which he followed for several years. He was married October 12, 1847, to Miss I. Y. Davis, a daughter of Major Samuel Davis, who was born in Maryland, of English descent. At the age of twelve he went into the Eevolntionary war as a drummer boy, serving through that war, also serving in all the Indian troubles until after the war of 1812. His wife was Margaret Barrett, a native of Maryland, and of Scotch descent. Soon after his marriage Mr. Wodeski came to Logan County, Illinois, settling on what is known as the Eooky Ford, eight miles west of Lincoln. After residing here for nine years, clearing and improving the place, he moved five miles east and purchased eighty acres of unimproved land. Here he began to make a new home, and resided here for eight or nine years. He then sold this farm and purchased 157 acres of land with very little improvements, and improved the third farm in Logan County. He resided there for nine years, and then purchased his present farm of 135 acres, where he has since re- sided. He has accumulated his property by his own industry and exertions. Mr. and Mrs. Wodeski have had nine children, eight of whom lived to maturity, and seven of whom still survive — Edward E., a resident of Lincoln, married Miss Ann Simpson; Mary E., wife of 0. William McCoy, of Lincoln ; Julia, wife ^1 JV< ^^^ 674 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. of George Larison, of Lincoln; John S., married Miss Ella McOue, and died, at the age of twenty-seven years, September 17, 1883, leaving a wife; Kate, wife of W. A. Stuart, of York County, Ne- braska; Thomas J., and Lucian L. and Charles C. ; William C. died in infancy. Mr, Wodeski is a member of the old school Lutheran church, while his wife is a member of Cumberland Pres- byterian church. In politics Mr. Wodeski is a Democrat. T ^7^ CHAPTER XXIII. ELKHART TOWNSHIP. GkographicalDbsoription. — Township Officers, 1867-'85. — Sta- tistics. — Political. — Elkhart Village. — Business. — Incorpo- ration. — Organizations. — Biographical. Elkhart Township comprises fifty sections of land in the southern part of Logan Count J, and is bounded on the north by Broadwell Township, on the east by Mt. Pulaski Township, on the south by Sangamon County, and on the west by Sangamon County and Kurlbut Township. The northwest corner is crossed by the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and the southeast corner by the Illinois Central. Lake Fork of Salt Creek flows northward through the township. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. Following are the names of those elected to office each year in Elkhart Township: 1867 — Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, Charles F. Phillips; Assessor, Thomas J. Shreve; Collector, Alvin Buzzard; Highway Commissioners, John R. Goff and John Telfer; Justices, Jason Owen and Joseph A. Dalby. 1868— Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, A. Paullin; Assessor, David Copper; Collector, R. J. Williams; Highway Commissioner, Joshua Day; Justices, T. J. Bell. 1869— Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, A. Paullin; As- sessor, G. C. McEndree; Collector, A. J. Lanterman; Highway Commissioner, L. Morse; Justice, Thomas G. Gardner; Constable, Job Allen. 1870— Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, J. T. Green; As- sessor, Peter Lanterman; Collector, Samuel B. Hunter; Highway Commissioners, John Telfer and George R. Crovv; Justices, A. J. Lanterman and Thomas Bell; Constables, "William Gordon and Newton S. Dunn. 1871— Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, J. Y. Green; As- sessor, Peter Lanterman; Collector, Samuel B. Hunter; Highway Commissioners, Cyrus M. Crow and H. A. Baldwin; Constables, Alexander Weaver and William Hurt. (675) 676 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOtJNTT. 1872 — Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, William Dolvin; Assessor, James Gibbs; Collector, William Irving; Highway Com- missioner, H. A. Baldwin; Constable, Henry Day. 1873 — Supervisor, Lorenzo D. Dana; Clerk, William Dolvin ; Assessor, William H. Davis ; Collector, Samuel B. Hunter; High- way Commissioner, John Telfer; Justices, William H. Kelso and Martin Buzzard; Constables, Henry Day and Alexander Weaver. 1874 — Supervisor, Martin Buzzard ; Clerk, William H. Davis ; Assessor, Peter Lanterman ; Collector, S. B. Hunter; Highway Commissioners, W. B. Lawrence and William Irving; Constable, E. C. Martin. 1875 — Supervisor, Job J. Haas; Clerk, William H. Davis; As- sessor, Adam Staggers; Collector, George K. Hardesty; Highway Commissioner, Joshua Day; Justice, William H. Davis; Constable, Henry Robinson. 1876 — Supervisor, Lyman O. Orton; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, Peter Lanterman; Collector, William H. Davis; High- way Commissioner, William Irving. 1877 — Supervisor, J. G. Taylor; Clerk, William H. Davis; As- sessor, Adam Staggers; Collector, S. B. Hunter; Highway Com- missioner, William G. Bates; Justices, William H. Davis, William H. Kelso and Charles J. Schultz; Constables, Henry Kobinson, Eichard T. Lewis, James C. Lanchum and Ezra D. McMasters. 1878— Supervisor, W. G. Bates; Clerk, William H. Davis; As- sessor, B. F. Bice; Collector, John K. Lanterman; Highway Com- missioner, William J. Turley; Constable, B. F. Bice. 1879— Supervisor, William G. Bates; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, William J. Turley; Collector, Benjamin F. Jennings; Highway Commissioner, William Irving. 1880 — Supervisor, William G. Bates; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, William J. Turley; Collector, Benjamin F. Jennings; Highway Commissioner, J. A. Throop; Justice, A. C. Dunaway. 1881 — Supervisor, William G. Bates; Clerk, William H.Davis; Assessor, George D. Hunter; Collectors, Benjamin F. Jennings and William B. Irving; Highway Commissioner, William J. Tur- ley; Justices, William H. Davis and Thomas J. Bell; Constables, H. B. Slayton and A. C. Dunaway. 1882 — Supervisor, James C. Taylor; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, George D. Hunter; Collector, William H. Davis; High- way Commissioner, J. B. Barry; Justice, Charles N. Dunaway; Constables, J. A. Maston and J. W. Laughlin. Q)\l ' , '-t- f BLKHART TOWNSHIP. 677 1883 — Supervisor, James C. Taylor; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, George D. Hunter; Collector, William H. Davis ; High- way Commissioner, Peter Moore; Justice, George W. Edwards; Constable, Joseph Steinaker. 1884~Supervisor, George C. McEndree; Clerk, William H. Davis; Assessor, George D. Hunter; Collector, William H. Davis; Highway Commissioner, Andrew Sell. 1886 — Supervisor, George W. Shreve; Clerk, William H.Davis; Assessor, G. F. Thompson; Collector, William H. Davis; High- way Commissioner, John B. Barry; Justices, William H. Davis and George H. Butler; Constables, Thomas L. Ruth and John W. Laughlin. STATISTICS. Elkhart Township is increasing in population, in spite of the drafts made by the great West. There were 1,325 inhabitants in 1870, and 1,523 in 1880. There are now, in 1885, probably 1,600. We give here the valuation and taxation of the property in Elk- hart Township in 1875, and, immediately below, the same items for 1885: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $936,805; State tax, $2,810.41; county tax, $1,873.61; no town tax; district school tax, $5,140.25; district road tax, $174.06; road and bridge tax, $1,967.29; sinking fund tax, $936.81; county bond tax, $1,217.84; back taxes, $217.07; total taxes, $14,337.34. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $591,621; State tax, $2,191.41; county tax, $4,069.79; township tax, $313.06; road and bridge tax, $2,504.48; county bond interest tax, $813.95; district school tax, $4,339.26; dog tax, $71; back taxes, with costs and interest, $174.05; total taxes, $14,477.02. POLITICAL. In political sentiment the township is safely Eepublican, though by slightly less majorities than were usually expected fifteen years ago. The following table shows the vote for each candidate at each presidential election, with the pluralities: 1868— Ulysses S. Grant 195 104 Horatio Seymour 91 1872— Ulysses B. Grant 157 49 Horace Greeley 108 1876— Rutherford B. H ayes ... 179 48 SamuelJ. Tilden 131 Peter Cooper 23 1880— James A. Garfield 203 51 Wlnfleld S. Hancock. . .152 James B. Weaver 3 Neal Dow 1 1884-^ames G. Blaine 176 44 Grover Cleveland 132 John P. St. John 6 678 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. « ELKHART. This village derives its name from the beautiful grove near vehich it is situated, and which was the scene of the first settle- ment of the county. As soon as the railroad had been completed to this point, an old horse-mill in Springfield, owned bj Seneca Woods, was brought up by William Mozee and placed here for a warehouse. This was in the spring of 1863. In 1855 the village was laid out by John Shockey, of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, who at once built a large frame hotel on what is now known as the Elwood corner. The building is still standing, and is now occupied by various stores. J. R. Saunders built about the same time a brick building for a store, in which he opened the first stock of goods in Elkhart. A few goods were for sale in the old ware- house prior to this, but no regular stock kept. Quite a number ot houses were built this same summer; and until 1862 the town grew very rapidly. Captain Saunders was the first postmaster and railroad agent in town, although his clerk, William Rankin, per- formed the necessary labor. The village was for many years one of the largest shipping points on this railroad. John D. Gillett, an extensive farmer and stock-raiser, resides near it. Since 1862 the growth of the town has been slow. The trade is, however, good and supports a num- ber of excellent stores. INCORPORATION. Elkhart was incorporated February 22, 1861, by a special act of the Legislature. The first oflBcers were: President, James Rigney ;. Trustees, Charles Elwood, M. Buzzard, A. Downing, A. Buzzard and R. J. Williams; Justice, L. D. Dana; Constable, Martin. Buzzard; Treasurer, T. H. Can trail; Clerk, W. M. Helm; Street Commissioner, A. H. Borgardus. In the spring of 1885 the village was incorporated under the general law of the State and the following officers chosen : Trustees, Henry Stahl (President), Charles P. Bridge, A. H. Bogardus, Charles B. Taylor, Davidi Lippott, Lnther Wood; Clerk, William H. Davis; Treasurer, John Gibbs; Police Magistrate, John D. Newton; Constable, Thomas L. Ruth. The business men of Elkhart in 1885 are here enumerated: Thomas Brennan and Hughes & Taylor, general stores; S. B, Hunter, John Hardesty, William Dolvin and Lanterman & Smith, groceries; Z. T. Taylor, druggist; L. W. Hess, furniture dealer;. W ^-^ ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 679 Jacob Blenz, meat market; Joseph Oordell, Elkhart House; H. H. Paukey, Frank Smith and Kobert Kennedy, saloons; John Gibbs and A. Armhigton, grain merchants; David Lippott, blacksmith; Thomas Brennan, postmaster; C. P. Briggs, station agent. The population of Elkhart is about 500. The Masons and Odd Fellows each have a lodge here, and there are three church buildings. The Methodists had a class in this vicinity in the early days of the county. In 1863 they built a church in the village, and they hold services now every other Sunday. The Christians were organized here about 1865. The congrega- tion erected a house of worship in 1867, which is now used by the Episcopalians for Sunday-school purposes. The superintendent of this is Chades Dean. The Catholics were formed into a congrega- tion in 1870, and have now a large membership. Services are held every two weeks by Father Eeynolds. CORNLAND is on the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Railroad, in the southern part of Elkhart Township. It was platted by Joshua Day, in August, 1871. He and Dr. Phinney opened the first store in the village, which, in 1873, they sold to the Capps Brothers. Thomas Bell erected a grocery in 1871, but discontinued business in 1873. R "W. Jess, of Sangamon County, opened a general store in 1871, but returned to Sangamon County three years after. Andrew Wilkinson was the first mechanic here. In 1876 an elevator was built, and a good grain trade started. Before this a small ware- house was operated by Mr. Daney, of Elkhart. The town is also a good stock point. A good two-story school-house was built in 1877. The school is, however, under the district control. The Methodists built a house of worship in 1875, and continue a good congregation. The Christians moved their church edifice in February, 1877, from a point about three miles north of town, where they had been organized several years. BIOGRAPHICAL. Arthur Armington, a resident of Lincoln, Illinois, is engaged in the grain business in Elkhart. He was born March 1, 1844, in Arm- ington, Tazewell County, which place was named for his father. He was the eldest of two sons of Hezekiah and Frances L. (Verry) Armington, the former a native of Vermont, now a grain dealer D *y 680 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. of Natrona, and the latter born in Massachusetts, and of French ancestry. His parents were married at Jacksonville, Illinois. Arthur received a common-school education, and at the age of fourteen years he began assisting his father, buying and selling grain, till his twenty-fifth year. November 13, 1869, he was married in Iowa to Emily J. Bailey, daughter of J. 6. and Catherine B. (Barnes) Bailey, the father a farmer near New Hart- ford. In .1869, after his marriage, Mr. Artnington left his father in business at Atlanta and went to San Jose and Natrona, Mason County, where he engaged in the grain business on his own account for two years. He then returned to Atlanta and established a grain business. Mrs. Armington died at Atlanta March 22, 1874^ and on the 28th of the same month their only child, Fred, died. April 6, 1874, his grain elevator was destroyed by fire, but with the Yankee pluck of his forefathers he rebuilt his elevator the same fall, which was again destroyed by fire October 26, 1882.. In 1883 he sold out and moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, remaining there but one year when he returned to Logan County, Illinois, and located his family in Lincoln. He bought the grain elevator of" J. D. Leslie, in Elkhart, where he has since been dealing in grain. Mr. Armington was married to his present wife October 10, 1876. Her maiden name was Allie R. Allen, a daughter of the late Dr. John S. and Permelia (Peak) Allen, the former a native of Ohio' and of English ancestry, and the latter born in Virginia, of French descent. Mr. and Mrs. Armington have been blessed with one daughter, Maude, aged eight years, who is the idol of their home.' Mr. Armington is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 176, I. O. 0. F.,. of Atlanta, Illinois. In politics he is a Republican. Captain A. H. Bogardus. — Logan County possesses one man, at least, of more than national reputation, and that man is Captain A. H. Bogardus, of Elkhart, the champion wing shot of the world. Captain Bogardus was born in Albany County, New York, about 1832, and at the age of fifteen years began his shooting career. He- was a tall, strong lad, and developed into a large and muscular man. He is a man of great endurance, and is capable of enduring much exertion and exposure. In his boyhood the game found in his na-^ tive county consisted principally of ruffled grouse and woodcock, which were difficult birds for beginners to kill. He received no instruction in the art of shooting, but possessed a quick eye and a steady nerve. In 1856 he removed to Illinois, and settled on the Sangamon River, near Petersburg, and here he found ample oppor- ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 681 tunity to indulge his natural fondness for hunting. Game of all kinds was found here in abundance. To use his own language, it was a paradise for the sportsman, and here in the land of abundant game was developed that remarkable skill in the use of the gun that has made the name of Captain Bogardns a familiar one through- out the land. After a residence of two years in Sangamon County, Captain Bogardus removed to Elkhart, Logan County, where he has since resided. The following description of Elkhart is taken from his book entitled, " Field, Cover and Trap Sliooting," pub- lished in 1884. "It is in the heart of the State of Illinois, 166 miles south of Chicago, eighteen miles northwest of Springfield, and 115 miles from St. Louis. It was then a grand place for game. Grouse was found in immense numbers, though quail was not so plentiful as in the oak barrens of Sangamon. There, was however, and now is a grove of timber, 600 acres in extent, not far from the town. It is one of the finest to be found in the State, and on its borders there were many quail. This grove was then owned and still belongs to John D. Gillett. Gillett has planted hedges all over his immense- pasture lands. These afford harbor and resting place for the quail, which is now more numerous than when I came here in 1858." Captain Bogardus, in his very interesting and valuable book enti- tled " Field, Cover and Trap Shooting," from which the above is taken, gives a very interesting account of the various kinds of game found in the vicinity of Elkhart, together with their habits, and contains much valuable information to both the sportsman and the naturaUst. The first appearance of Captain Bogardus in public as a shooter was in 1868. He had then been a field shot for eighteen years, and had often been Invited and urged to attempt contests at pigeon shooting, but until 1868 he had never seen a pigeon trap. The first public pigeon shooting in which he entered as a contest- ant was at St. Louis, where he was moderately successful. This re- sulted in a match between himself and Gough Stanton, of Detroit, for $200 a side, the match being for fifty birds each, and contested at Elkhart. It resulted in our subject killing forty-six birds, and his opponent forty. Space forbids our following Captain Bogardus in his wonderful career from this time till he received the medal as the champion wing shot of America, nor through his still more re- markable career in England, where he met and conquered the most renowned shots of the old world, thus earning the title that he still bears, the champion shot of the world. The various medals, badges and cups which he has won are still in his possession. He- -71 sp 682 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. lias now practically retired from the shooting arena with laurels, such as none before liiin has yet won. This sketch would be in- complete without a brief mention of his four sons, all of whom to a greater or less extent partake of the characteristics of their father, in their love for the sportsman's life and their skill ia shooting. Eugene, the eldest, now twenty years of age, has been champion with the rifle since 1879. He frequently knocks the ashes off a cigar at thirty-five feet with a ball from a Winchester rifle. Ed- ward, now fourteen years old, gives wonderthl promise of becom- ing an excellent shot with both rifle and shot gun, and will doubtless at some future date make his mark in the sporting world. Peter, the third son, is now twelve years of age. He be- gan shooting when eight years old and, like his brothers, gives promise for the future. The youngest son, Henry, is ten years old, and when but five years of age he began to use his 32-caliber rifle, and with the utmost ease he shoots at a distance of thirty- five feet glass balls held in his father's hand. There is probably not another child in the world of his age capable of performing this feat. In conclusion we will add that to those who would know more of this remarkable family we would refer to Captain Bogardus's work above mentioned, a book full of interest and valuable information. Thomas W. Capps, general merchant and postmaster at Corn- land, was born in Springfield, Illinois, in 1838, and has always lived in Sangamon and Logan counties. He is a son of John Capps, who settled at Mount Pulaski about 1850, where he was engaged in the mercantile trade a number of years, when he removed to Decatur and engaged in business. He subsequently settled in Sangamon County, where he still resides. He was boru in England, and when a young man came to the United States, locating in Springfield about 1830. Thomas W. is the only one of his father's family living in Logan County. Mr. Capps was again married in 1870, to M. E. Van Hise, a daughter of D. Van Hise, and to this union was boru one son — Earl V., a native of Sangamon County. He was again married in 1876 to Mary E. Day, a daughter of Joshua Day, and to this union has been born one daughter — Nina D., born in Cornland. Mr. Capps established his present mercan- tile business at Cornland in 1875, which he has since followed with the exception of one year. He has held the position of postmaster since 1877. In 1862 he enlisted in the Sixty-eighth Illinois Infan- try in which he served seven months, when the regiment was dis- lLl ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 683 charged, the terra of enlistment having expired. He then re- enlisted in the United States navy, serving till the close of the war. He was in both the Mississippi and South Grnlf squadrons, and was with Admiral Farragut at the capture of Mobile, and after the war he was engaged in the mercantile trade at Illiopoiis two years. Joshua Day ^ of Cornland, Elkhart Township, is one of the pio- neers of Logan County. He is a native of Massachusetts, born in Chester, Hampden County, in 1817, and was a son of Ira Day. There were eleven children in his father's family, eight sons and three daughters. Joshua came to Illinois in 1837, and to Logan County in 1838, having resided for a short time in Hancock Town- ship. He purchased his first land in Logan County of John D. Gillett, an uncle of John D. Gillett, of this township. Mr. Day is now engaged in the mercantile trade in Cornland. His first wife was Hannah "Wiley, and his second was Hannah Cheney, who died in June, 1882. Mr. Day has eight children, three sons and five daughters, all but one married. Mr. Day has been a resident of Illinois for thirty-eight years, and but few are now left in Logan County who came as early as he. William Dolvin, grocer of Elkhart, is a native of Harrison County, Ohio, where he was born in 1819. He was reared to man- hood on a farm in his native county, and there received an aca- demic education. He began teaching at the age of twenty-three years, and followed that profession for twenty-six years. He taught sixteen years in his native county, and in 1858 came to San- gamon County, Illinois, where he taught ten years, and since June, 1868, he has been a resident of Logan County. A younger brother, John Dolvin, who came with him to Illinois, also followed teaching, having taught in Ohio and Illinois for twenty-eight years. The latter was married in 1883 to Emma Hobkirk, a former pupil, who died about a year after her marriage. He now lives at Spen- cer, Clay County, Iowa, where he owns several farms. He is a very successful farmer, although he lost his right arm at the age of sixteen years. William Dolvin was married in the spring of 1867 to Mary A. Smith, a native of Sangamon County, Illinois, daughter of Philip Smith, one of the prominent and wealthy old settlers of Central Illinois. Her father was a native of North Carolina, and her mother of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Dolvin have two daugh- ters — Ida B. and Olive L., the former born in Sangamon County in 1868, and the latter in Elkhart in 1870. Mr. Dolvin has a beau- 43 *^ ^^ 684: HISTOET OF LOGAN OOtTNTT. tiful residence in Elkhart where he has built up a fine mercantile trade. He has dealt considerably in Western lands, which he sells at an advance on the purchase price. At present he is the owner of two fine farms in Iowa. In politics he is a staunch Republican. He has never aspired toofiicial positions, but has served as justice of the peace, and held other township oflices. Mr. l")olvin and his wife are members of the Christian church at Elkhart. His father, Richard Dolvin, was a native of Virginia, removing to Ohio when a young man, where he married Phoebe Edwards, our subject's mother, whe was also a native of Virginia. They had a family of eleven children, all of whom lived to be over twenty one years old, William being the third child. Richard Dolvin was one of the early settlers of Harrison County, and became one of the promi- nent farmers of that part of Ohio, where he lived till his death. Samuel B. Hunter, general grocer, established his present busi- ness at Elkhart in 1871. He was born in Oneida County, New York, in 1836, a son of Robert Hunter, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, but for many years a resident of Oneida County, where he lived till his death. Samuel B. lived in his native county till he reached the age of eighteen years, after which he was engaged in railroading in the States of Mississippi and Tennessee. He was in the former State when its Legislature passed the Ordinance of Secession. The Southern States becoming too warm for him he resolved to come north, and accordingly located here in 1861. In the fall of 1862 he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, at Mount Pulaski, and served three years. His regiment belonged to the Army of the Tennessee, and operated in that State much of the time, but during the last part of its service operated in Arkansas. His health was much impaired through the hardships and exposure which he had endured, and his lungs were permanently affected. After the war he returned to Logan County, where he has since resided. He was married to Jennie Grogan, a daughter of Spencer Grogan, and to them has been born one son — Frank, born in Elkhart in 1872. Scott Lanterman resides on section 32 where his father, Peter Lanterman, settled in 1856, he purchasing the farm from J. D. Gillett. Scott Lanterman was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1848. He was reared on the homestead of which he is now owner. He was married to Huldah Leach, August 18, 1882, who was born in Logan County in 1858, and is a daughter of Daniel Leach. They have two sons — Robbie A. and Willie E. Peter ^k*- ELKHAET TOWNSHIP. 685 Lantermau was a native of Fleming County, Kentucky, born Sep- tember 4, 1817. He removed from Kentucky with his parents to Illinois, the family being among the early settlers of Sangamon County, where he was married December 6, 1839, to Dolly A. Lightfoot, who was born in Adair County, Kentucky, February 9, 1820. They had a family of five children who grew to maturity — John H., living in Elkhart; Susan J., wife of Jacob Yocom; Scott, onr subject; Joseph M. and James W., living in Elkhart. Peter Lanterman died October 9, 1876, his wife surviving him till Jan- uary 6, 1883. Adoniram Jvdson Leach, deceased, was born in Madison County, New York, May 24, 1818, a son of Bachus Leach, who was a lineal descendant of Miles Standish, one of the Mayflower's pas- sengers in 1620. Bachus Leach removed from Massachusetts to New York State, settling in Madison County in 1813. Of his family eight children lived to maturity, of whom onr subject was the fourth child. The latter was reared on a farm, receiving good educational advantages. He came to Illinois in 1850, locating in Sangamon County, and engaged in teaching and farming. In 1855 he settled in Elkhart Township, Logan County, on the place where his family now resides. He first bought about 133 acres, which he afterward increased to 496 acres. He also taught in this neigh- borhood till his marriage. He was an excellent teacher, and through bis instrumentality the standard of the public schools was much raised. April 3, 1862, he was married to Mary E. Ross, who was born near Springfield, Ohio, in October, 1825, a daughter of Elijah and Mary (Houston) Eoss, her father a native of Kentucky, of Scotch descent, and the mother born in Delaware, of English origin. Her parents were married near Springfield, Ohio, March 24, 1816. The father died at Piqua, Ohio, August 11, 1838, leav- ing his wife and nine children. Mrs. Ross and her family came to Illinois in 1858. She died at the home of Mrs. Leach, May 11, 1869. Mrs. Leach, previous to her marriage, taught school for two years in Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. Leach were born two sons — Miles Adoniram and William Ross. The former was born in Elk- hart Township, December 7, 1863, and September 10, 1886, he was married to Mary B. Hackett, of Louisville, Kentucky. The young- est son was born July 3, 1866, and is now a student at the Uni- versity of Illinois. Mr. Leach lived on the homestead till his death, which occurred December 15, 1865. He was a prominent and in- . fluential citizen of Elkhart Township, and his death was a great W^ 686 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. loss to tlio community ia which he resided. He was a member of the Free-Will Baptist church. In politics he was a Eepublican. Daniel Standlsh Leack was born in tlie town of Eaton, Madison Countj, New York, in March, 1822, a son of Bachus Leach. He was reared in his native county, and there married Sarah L. Tal- bott, who ;ilso was a native of New York State, and of the eio;ht children born to this union five are living — Mary, wife of Benja- min Wood, was bora in Sangamon County in 1850; Bachus; Abbie, wife of Benjamin Bishop; Huldah, wife of Scott Lanterman, and Cyrus. In May, 1849, Mr. Leach and wife came to Sangamon County, Illinois, where he entered land near Chatham, residing there till 1856. He then came to Logan County and purchased a farm in Elkhart Townsliip, where he made a homestead. Here his wife died June 23, 1867, and in January, 1868, he was mar- ried to Henrietta Baldwin, who was born in Canada, but reared in Erie County, New York. She was a dauirhter of Alfred W. and Amanda Baldwin, her father dying when she was a child. By his second marriage Mr. Leach had two children — Alma and Alfred. The latter died in infancy. George G. McEndree, of Elkhart, is one of the pioneers of this part of the State of Illinois, coming here almost fifty years ago when the country was very sparsely settled. He was born March 6, 1818, in Jefferson County, Virginia, a son of William and Phoebe McEndree. When he was seven years old his mother died, his father dying a year later. Thus he was left an orphan at the age of eight years, after which he lived with a brotlier-in-law till he was fourteen years old. He was then apprenticed to learn the cabinet-maker's trade at Winchester, Virginia, remaining there for three and a half years. He then went to Baltimore, where lie worked at his trade under instructions about two years, when he went to New York City, and there worked at his trade till the spring of 1837, when he went to St. Louis, Missouri, remaining in the latter city but a few weeks. In the fall of 1837 he located in Naples, Illinois, and in January, 1839, he settled in what is Me- nard County, Illinois, then a part of Sangamon County, and estab- lished a cabinet shop in Athens, which he conducted till 18i8. He then engaged in the mercantile business at Havana, and after a few years he returned to Menard County, and March 10,1864, he came to Logan County. He engaged in the mercantile trade at Elkhart, which he followed till February, 1883. He was married in Athens Township in 1839, to Mary Claypool, born in Oham- ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 687 paigu County, Ohio, in September, 1820, a dauo;hter of Levi and Melinda Claypool, who settled in Atliens Township in 1827, comini? to Illinois from Ohio. Mr. Claypool was born in Virginia, and died in Illinois in February, 1866. Mrs. Claypool is still living aged eighty- four years. She was a native of Ken- tucky. Mr. and Mrs. McEndree have seven children — William, at Central City, Nebraska; Melinda, the only daughter, is now the wife of Daniel Brinkerhoff, of Central City, JohnT., at Beloit, Kansas; George M. and Charles F., at Central City; Henry W., at home, and Dunbar, the youngest son, at Lewis, Cass County, Iowa, engaged in the mercantile trade. But few residents have lived longer in Logan County than Mr. and Mrs. McEndree, they having been at Elkhart Grove in 1840. In politics Mr. McEndree was formerly a Whig, casting his first vote for General Harrison in 1840, but has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. He has served on the Board of Supervisors two terms, and for a number of years was justice of the peace. William McKie, general merciiant at Cornland, Elkhart Town- ship, is a native of Scotland where he was born in 1847. His father, John McKie, died in Scotland, iiis mother still living in that country. William McKie followed the sea for several years, and for some time was fireman on one of the Northwestern Steam Packet Company's boats, plying between Liverpool and New York, and during the war of the Rebellion was acting in that capacity. In 1865 he came to the United States to reside permanently, and be- fore coming to Cornland he lived in various places. From 1870 to 1872 he was on the police force in Cincinnati, Ohio, and for some time ho worked in the Pittsburg Rolling Mills, and also as fire- man on a steamer plying between that city and New Orleans. He has one brother, Samuel McKie, living in the United States, who is engaged in farming in Plymouth, Nebraska. His wife, whose maiden name was Jennie Blackstock, is a native of Scotland. She came to America in 1876. Mr. McKie has been a resident of Cornland since 1877. He established his present business in 1882, and carries a full line of dry-goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, queen's-ware, glassware and patent medicines. George W. Skreve, residing on the iiorthwest quarter of section 31, is a son of Thomas J. Shreve, wlio settled where his son now lives in 1858. Thomas J. Shreve was a nitive of Lawrenceville, Mercer County, New Jersey, born in 1818. He was married in his native State to Adeline Drake, by whom he had nine children '7- ^■sja 4- 688 HISTORY OF LO&AN COUNTY. — Emily, wife of J. S. McOlure, of Williamsville, Illinois; James, who has lived in Denver, Oolorado, since 1860; Hannah, wife of H. G. Brearley, of Denver; Thomas, at Denver; Grace, married Hutchinson McClure, and died in this township in 1870 ; Theodore, living in Rochester, Illinois; Anna, died in childhood; George W. and Charles, both living in Champaign County, Illinois. In 1857 the father came to Springfield, Illinois, and in the same year pur- chased the farm in Elkhart Township above referred to. The farm was then wholly unimproved, but under the skillful management of Mr. Shreve it soon became a well-cultivated tract of land. Here Mr. Shreve made his home for many years, and in 1882 the homestead was purchased by George W., whose name heads this sketch. Thomas J. Shi-eve now resides in Williamsville, where he removed previous to disposing' of his farm. He was bereaved by the loss of his wife in 1871. George W. Shreve is the only one of his father's family still residing in Logan County'. He was born in New Jersey in 1850, and was eight years old when his father settled in Illinois. His wife was formerly Emma Pearce. She came to Elkhart Township in 1869. She was a daughter of Dr. J. W. and Emeline (Ross) Pearce. Her father was born in Ohio in 1816, and was a practicing physician at Wiltshire, Van Wert County, Ohio, for fifty years. He was a surgeon in an Ohio regi- ment during the late war. Mr. and Mrs. Shreve have one child — Jessie, born in May, 1879. Mr. Shreve is one of the prominent citizens of Elkhart Township, which he represents on the Board of Supervisors of Logan County. In politics he is a Republican. Henry Stahl, dealer in hardware at Elkhart, established his pres- ent business in 1365. Beginning life on small capital, he has by his industry and good management made his business a success, building up a fine trade, and by ids honest dealings has secured the confidence of the people. Mr. Stahl is a native of Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, born in 1841, a son of Henry Stahl, who was born in Germany, his mother being also a native of that coun- try. His parents came to America in 1830, and settled in Ohio, where the father died in 1865. His widow still survives. When fourteen years of age our subject began learning the tinner's trade at his home, Hamilton, Ohio. He then went south to Mississippi and Alabama, working at Oxford, Mississippi, about a year. In 1859 he located at Winchester, Scott County, Illinois, where he worked at his trade till the breaking out of the Rebellion. May 11, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, 1=7-*- KLKHAET TOWNSHIP. 689 and participated in many of the important events of the war. He took part in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh, his regiment being engaged in the latter both days, and where he was slightly wounded. He was at the siege of Corinth and siege of Yicksburg, battle of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and battle of Hatchie. He was made First Sergeant of his company in 1862, then but eighteen years of age. He was discharged at the expira- tion of his term of enlistment, having served three years and a half. Daring that time he never spent a day in hospital, and his entire record was that of a gallant soldier. After his discharge he returned to Winchester and worked for his former employer, where l\e continued till March 1, 1865. He was married in 1866 to Eliza Ebey, daughter of George and Melinda (Killpatrick) Ebey, the latter a sister to Colonel Killpatrick, of the Twenty-eighth Illi- nois Infantry, who fell at the head of his regiment at the battle of Shiloh, and a cousin of the great cavalry leader. General Judson Kill- patrick. Mr. and Mrs. Ebey were early settlers of Scott County, Illinois, where they still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Stahl have three daughters and two sons-^Mamie, Georgia, Tilly, Charles and Gar- land. Their eldest child, Harry, died at the age of sixteen years. John lelfer, one of the prominent and successful farmers of Elkhart Township, is a native of Scotland, born in 1822. He is a son of John and Mary (Rae) Telfer, who remained in their native country, Scotland, till their death. Our subject was reared in his native country, and when a young man went to Liverpool, England, where he worked at his trade, that of a stone-mason, for four years. He immigrated to America in the fall of 1849, and resided in San- gamon County, Illinois, for two years, after which he settled in Logan County. His residence is on section 6, Elkhart Township, where he has about 213 acres. He has a farm of 105 acres on sec- tion 7, adjoining his home farm, his farms being well improved. Mr. Telfer came to this country comparatively poor, but by indus- try and good management he has acquired a competence. Besides the farms already mentioned helms three others, amounting in all to 760 acres. Mr. Telfer was married in Sangamon County to Emmeransa Potter, a native of New York. They have four children living— John Paris, Mary, Jessie and Thomas. Two daughters and one son died in childhood. Benjamin F. Wiley, one of the early settlers of Logan County, is a son of John and Margaret (Willday) Wiley, who settled in what is now Elkhart Township in 1835. Benjamin F. is the only ~s ^ 7 690 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. representative of his father's family living in Illinois. He was born in Logan County, August 17, 1837, and has always lived in Elkhart Township. In the fall of 1857 his left leg was amputated, the result of a white swelling, and when twenty-three years of age he was apprenticed to the trade of a harness-maker, at Elkhart, to William Irwin, with whom he formed a partnership, which con- tinued about one year, when the partnership was dissolved, since which time Mr. "Wiley has carried on a harness-shop, a period of twenty-five years. He was married December 14, 1863, to Sabra Freeman, daughter of Ashley Freeman, an early settler in Mc- Henry Councy, Illinois. They have two children — Fred E. and Clara F. Our subject's father, John T. Wiley, was born in Vir- ginia, November 1, 1807. When a boy he removed to Ross County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and was there married, Decem- ber 25, 1831, to Margaret Willday, a native of Kentucky. Eight children were born to them, six of whom were born in Logan County. The children are — Thomas served in the late war a year and a half, in the Seventy-third Illinois Infantry, when he was dis- charged on account of disability, and is now living in Oregon; Alexander was a member of the Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, and died in Danville, Virginia, being at the time a prisoner of war in the hands of the Confederates; Benjamin F. was the first of the children born in Logan County; Charles P. served in the late war in the Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, is now living in Nebraska; Isaac and Lydia (twins), the former in Oregon, and the latter the wife of W. B. Lawrence, of Nebraska; William, of Ore- gon, and Jefferson, also living in Oregon. On coming to this county, in 1835, Mr. Wiley settled on a new farm, which he ob- tained from the Government, of which he made a homestead, liv- ing there till his death, which occurred October 3, 1853. His widow survived till February 14, 1868, when she died at the age of sixty-one years and three months. Mr. Wiley was a man of strict integrity, and was a worthy representative of that grand old pioneer element that is fast passing away. CHAPTER XXI 7. EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. Geographical Desokiption. — Township Officers Since the Or- ganization OF THE Township. — Statistics. — Political. — Chris- tian Church. — Biographical. Eminence is in the Borth tier of townships, and is bounded on the north by Tazewell County. To the east lies McLean County and Atlanta Township; to the south, East Lincoln; and to the west, Orvil Township, It is drained by Sugar and Kickapoo Creeks. The Illinois Midland crosses the northeast corner, and the Chicago & Alton the southeast corner. The township contains forty-two sections. township officers. Following are the oflScers elected each year since the organiza- tion of Eminence: 1867— Supervisor, William Beazley; Clerk, Joseph Gilchrist; Assessor, Peter J. Hawes; Collector, "William Mountjoy; Highway CommiEsioners, John Rhodes, John Strong and William S. Britt; Justices, R. P. Dawes and Richard P. Chenoweth; Constables, "William W. Simpson and G. H. Lucas. 1868— Supervisor, William Beazley; Clerk, Joseph Gilchrist; Assessor, M. P. Carlock; Collector, Peter J. Hawes; Highway Commissioner, John Rhodes. 1869— Supervisor, William Beazley; Clerk, Alonzo A. Apple- gate; Assessor, Noah Ferguson; Collector, Peter J. Hawes; Highway Commissioner, R. L. Mountjoy; Constable, Samuel P. Gale. 1870— Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, Alonzo A. Applegate; Assessor, W. P. Carlock; Collector, Peter J. Hawes; Highway Commissioner, Robert Gilchrist; Justices, Alonzo A. Applegate and John H. Judj; Constables, W. P. Howser and William Stewart. 1871— Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, J. C. Bruner; Assessor, (691) s'V 692 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Noah Ferguson; Collector, Simon B. Scott; Highway Commis sioners, John Rhodes and Henry Reece. 1872 — Supervisor, James R. Adams; Clerk, James C. Bruner; Assessor, George Noble; Collector, Simon B. Scott; Highway Commissioner, John P. Hieronymus; Justice, Ellas Lorey; Con- stables, John A. Davidson and John Longnecker. 1873 — Supervisor, James R. Adams; Clerk, Alonzo A. Apple- gate; Assessor, Noah Ferguson; Collector, Andrew Wright; Highway Commissioner, Robert Gilchrist; Constable, H. C. Nich- olson. 1874 — Supervisor, William S. Britt; Clerk, J. S. Coll; Assessor, Elias Lorey; Collector, John H. Hawes; Highway Commissioner, Jacob Seibert; Justice, W. W. Morgan; Constable, William Sam- ples. 1875 — Supervisor, William S. Britt; Clerk, Edwin D. Bruce; Assessor, Elias Lorey; Collector, John H. Hawes; Highway Com- missioner, John P. Hieronymus. 1876 — Supervisor, Jere Wheeler; Clerk, Edwin D. Bruce; As- sessor, S. B.Scott; Collector, John H. Hawes; Highway Commis- sioner, William S. Britt; Justice, Elias Lorey; Constable, William N. Howser. 1877 — Supervisor, William S. Britt; Clerk, J. C. Patterson; As- sessor, John Strong; Collector, Samuel Swiger; Highway Commis- sioner, R. S. Metcalf; Justices, William Mountjoy and W. W. Morgan; Constables, W. N. Howser, and Warrick Montgomery. 1878 — Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, J. C. Patterson ; Assessor, M. P. Carlock; Collector, Floyd Adams; Highway Commissioner, Jacob Rhodes; Justice, J. W. Milburn. 1879 — Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, J. C. Patterson ; Acsessor, M. P. Carlock; Collector, C. A. Ewing; Highway Commissioner, Henry Rice. 1880 — Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, J. C. Patterson; Asses- sor, J. H. Hawes; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; Highway Commis- sioner, W. S. Britt. 1881 — Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, J. C. Patterson; Asses- sor, J. H. Hawes; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; Highway Commis- sioner, F. S. Applegate; Justices, James W. Milburn and W. W. Morgan; Constables, John Milburn and W. N. Howser. 1882 — Supervisor, John Strong; Clerk, Joseph Gaston; Assessor, J. H. Hawes; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; Highway Commissioner, W. J. Horrom. J^5 EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 693 1883— Supervisor, W. F. Watt; Clerk, J. H. Judy; Assessor, A. L. Bryan; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; Highway Commissioner, T. J. Simpson. 1884— Supervisor, W. F. Watt; Clerk, J. H. Judy; Assessor, Adam Shields; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; Highway Commis- sioner, John Strong; Constable, William H. Stewart; Trustee, Jere Wheeler. 1885 — Supervisor, John P. Hieronymus; Clerk, Albert 'Apple- gate; Assessor, M. P. Carlock; Collector, F. M. Mountjoy; High- way Commissioners, William J. Horrom and Henry Rice; Jus- tices, S. B. Gresham and J. W. Milburn; Constables, Edward Heathcote and J. M. Sullivan. STATISTICS. Eminence Township is about stationary in population, having not Jar from 1,260 inhabitants. The census of 1880 showed 1,266; ■that of 1870, 1,362. Yaluation and taxation in 1875 and 1885 are here compared: 1876.— Equalized valuation, $633,401; State tax, $1,900.21; ■county tax, $1,266.80; town tax, $253.36; school tax, $4,148.99; district road tax, $337.27; road and bridge tax, $1,013.33; sinking iiindtax, $633.40; county bond tax, $823.43; back tax, $113.81; total taxes, $10,490.60. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $427,207; State tax, $1,469.04; county tax, $2,728,23; township tax, $587.62; road and bridge tax, $1,678.91; county bond interest tax, $545.65; district school tax, $3,015.56; district road tax, $362.65; dog tax, $143; back taxes, $45; total taxes, $10,575.66. POLITICAL. Eminence is overwhelmingly Hepubiican in its political charac- ter. Following is the presidential vote from 1868 to 1884, in- clusive: 1868— Ulysses S. Grant 186 135 Horatio Seymour 61 1872^Uly8ses S. Grant 193 144 Horace Greeley 49 1876— Rutherford B. Hayes . . .187 1 16 BamuelJ. Tilden 71 1880— James A. Garfield 175 WinfleldS. Hancock... 96 James B. Weaver 5 1884— James G. Blaine 165 Grover Cleveland 117 John P. St. John 31 Benj. F. Butler 1 79 48 EMINENCE CHRISTIAN CHURCH was organized June 24, 1838, being situated on the banks of Sugar Creek, near Morgan Mills. The first church was a large frame, jV 1 ° '^ G94 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTr. built at a cost of about $1,000. The original members were Robert Musick, John Hieronymus, Charles F. Ewing, Barbara Johnson, Mary Ewin^, Malinda Hieronymus, Elizabeth Simons, Catherine Thompson, Sarah Miller, Esther Hawes, Sarah Strong, Stephen Arnspiger, Isaac N. Ewing, John W. Hawes, Peter J. Hawes, Delilah Miles, Elizabeth Houser, Barbara Brining, Abraham Houser, Mary Houser, Samuel Waters, Sarah Musick, Mary Ann Fletcher, Susan Horine, Catherine Arnspiger, Smith Stroud, Fris- cilla Stroud. The first Deacons of the church were Charles F. Ewing and Robert Musick. Among the prominent pioneer preachers were Hugh Bowles, Walter P. Bovvles, Abner Peeler, James Lindsay, Henry D. Palmer, Amos Watkins, George W. Minier, James Rob- inson, William Davenport, P. G. Young. In 1844 this church was visited by the late Alexander Campbell. It was the first Christian church organized north of the Sangamon River. The first Elders of the church were David G.Thompson and Charles F. Ewing. They worshiped in the first house for a period of eighteen years, when they erected the present building at a cost of $1,600, where they have since held services on every Lord's day. The present minister is George W. Minier, who has officiated from time to time since the organization of the church. He has now reached the advanced age of over seventy-two years, having spent nearly all of his life in the advancement of Christianity. The present Elders are: Peter Bruner, M. P. Carlock, Arthur Miller, Simon Gresham. The Deacons, John P. Hieronymus, Wm. F. Sumner, Frank Mountjoy. The membership at present numbers 200. The Sunday-school during the summer months has an aver- age attendance of 100. BI0GRAPHICAI-. Freedom S. Applegate, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of EminenceTownship,wasborn January 26,1826, in Monmouth, now Ocean, County, New Jersey. His parents, John W. and Eliza (Robbisou) Applegate, were of English and Irish descent respect- ively. He was reared to manhood in his native State, and edu- cated in the district schools. He came to Logan County, Illinois, in 1854, locating near his present home. He was married Febru- ary 19, 1857, to Rebecca Nisewanger, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Nisewanger, early settlers of Eminence Township, the lat- ter now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Applegate have been born five children — Charlotte, Mary H., Jessie F., John W. and Abra- "vHsr >\ EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 695 ham L. Mr. A.pplegate has been a successful agriculturist, and now has one of tlie best farms in Logan County, which he has gained by his own industry and good management. He has served his township as road commissioner for several years. He is a con- sistent member of the Methodist Protestant church. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Pardon M. Beverly, farmer and stoek-raiser, section 1, Eminence Township, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, November 22, 1827. His parent8,Stephan and Susan Beverly,had a family of seven children, three of whom survive — Pardon M., Frank and William H. Pardon M. was educated in the public schools of Providence. In July, 184:8, he came with his parents to Logan County, Illinois, who settled the following year on the place where he now resides, their original purchase being 400 acres. July 20, 1860, he was married to Catherine J. Booker, who was born March 24, 1840, in Logan County, a daughter of Isaac and Sinie Booker, who came here from Tennessee in an early day. They have had five children — Susan A., Katie A.., Walter C, Nellie P. and Bertie. Mrs. Beverly's parents had five children, four yet living — Parmelia, Thomas J., Martin Y. and Catherine J. Mr. Beverly is meeting with success in his farming pursuits and is the owner of 335 acres of laud. James R. Brawley is a native of Bedford County, Tennessee, a son of Thomas and Martha (Russel) Brawley. Of the four chil- dren born to his parents only two are living — Jane P., born) June 23, 1816, and James R., our subject, who was born October 20, 1824. He is principally a self-educated man, obtaining his educa- tion by his own exertions, having had the benefit of the district schools but a very short time. He was married November 14, 1854, to Parmelia Attebery, born February 25, 1834, in Logan County, a daughter of David and Polly (Adams) Attebery, who were natives of Kentucky and Tennessee respectively, and early settlers of Logan County. Mr. Brawley commenced life in Logan County on limited means, but by industry and good management he has been successful in his agricultural pursuits. He now has a fine farm containing 110 acres in this township. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. Christopher- Brining, an old settler of Logan County was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, April 3, 1811, his parents, Jacob F. and Hannah Brining, being natives of Wurtemberg, Ger- many. They immigrated to America early in the present century. ^^ 696 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. in order to escape the persecutions occasioned bj the Napoleonic- wars. They first settled in Pennsylvania, and about the year 1815 moved to Spencer County, Kentucky, where our subject was reared' to maturity. In the fall of 1835 lie came to Illinois, locating for a short time in Clark County, and about the year 1840 he settled in Logan County. He has been twice married. His first wife vi^as India Attebery, who at her death left one daughter — Parmelia. He was again married October 25, 1855, to Amanda "Ware, a daugh- ter of Anderson and Cynthia (Buford) "Ware, of Tazewell County, Illinois, formerly of Yirginia. Mrs. Brining is a member of the Christian church. In politics Mr. Brining casts his suffrage witlj the Democratic party. W. S. Britt, of Eminence, is one of her substantial, successful farmers, who has been for a lifetime identified with the prosperous township. He is the oldest son of Jefferson Britt, deceased, and was born December 24, 1828, in Todd County, Kentucky. In 1834 his father settled in "Wolf Grove, Tazewell County, and he re- sided with him till the spring of 1850, when he began for himself on a farm on section 36, Eminence Township. Two years later he sold and located on section 31, land which he still owns. In 1861 he built his present home and has, with the exception of two-years residence in Normal, Illinois, resided here. Though his com- mencement was humble, his habits of industry, thrift and temper- ance enabled him to steadily increase his worldly possessions and we now find him the owner of of 1,200 acres of fertile, productive Logan and Tazewell County Ifyid, the homestead comprising 65(V acres. Mr. Britt is one who shuns anything savoring of an appear- ance of undue prominence; a man whose lifework and marked suc- cess have been quietly, unostentatiously carried forward. He is a member of the Christian church, and was in the early day identified with the Hittle's Grove church. He is a Republican in politics^ although not an aspirant for oificial positions, and has served three terras as supervisor of Eminence, also many years as school trus- tee and director. Mrs. Britt was born January 8, 1830, near Armington, Tazewell County. Her maiden name was Sallie Burt, daughter of William and China (Henline) Burt. Her parents were both natives of Kentucky and came from there to Tazewell County in 1828. They had four daughters, all married to prominent and respected farmers of this locality, and two sons. "William Burt be- came a large land-owner and was one of the honored pioneers of this section. He died -, and his wife died . Both arfr a I — ^ EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 697 interred at Armington. Mr. and Mrs. Britt have four living chil- dren — Pauline, wife of Augustus Dillon, of Normal, Illinois; John Britt, a successful McLean County farmer; Emma, now Mrs. Joseph Richmond, of Tazewell County, and Hattie, now an attendant of the Normal University. The second born, Thomas H. Britt, died when three years old. All the children were born in Eminence and Logan counties, Illinois. Mr. Britt's father, Joseph Britt, was born in Virginia, in 1800, removed in early life to Logan County, Kentucky, and later to Todd County, where he married Mrs. Mary Dills, also a native of Virginia and widow of Anthony Dills, who left her four children. Mr. Britt brought his family in a four-horse wagon to Tazewell County, Illinois, in 1834, rented land a few years, gradually improving a farm of his own, which he bought at Wolf Grove. Here he lived until about 1870,Jwhen he removed to Atlanta, where he died . His wife had died — . Both are buried in the Atlanta cemetery. Mr. Britt united in an early day with the Christian church. He was at the time of his death a Democrat politically. His family consisted of four children— "William S. Britt, Martha (Mrs. J. B. Tenny), Mary (Mrs. J. H. Burt), and Richard M. Britt, now a farmer of McLean County, Illinois. Jordom Bruner, deceased, was born in Kentucky, and was but six years old when his parents, David and Nancy Bruner, removed to Logan County, Illinois, and there he was reared to maturity. He was married August 17, 1 856, to Mrs . Mary J. Applegate, daughter of Samuel and Jane Linn, of Clinton County, Ohio, but originally from Virginia. To this union were born two children — Mary L. and David S. Mr. Bruner was one of the successful farmers of Eminence Township, and was a highly respected citizen. His death occurred January 28, 1868. His widow still resides on the homestead, and is the owner of a good farm of 160 acres. She was first married in September, 1841, to Dr. Halstead Applegate, by whom she had three children, of whom only one is yet living — Albert. Dr. Applegate was a native of Hamilton County, Ohio. He came to Illinois in 1839, and first practiced at Dillon, Tazewell County, remaining there about ten years. He then removed to Eminence Township, Logan County, where, in connection with his professional duties, he was engaged in managing a farm, in which he met with success. He died in June, 1851, having been for several years previous in poor health. He was a member of the Christian church. ^ 'ii. 698 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Daniel P. Bryan, deceased, was born in Logan County, Ken- tucky, November 5, 1819, and when a boy he came to Illinois with his parents, Archibald and Sidney Bryan. He was reared to man- hood on a farm, and received such education as the district schools of that early day afforded. He was twice married. His first mar- riage took place November 7, 1839, his wife being Mary Trisler. Of the ten children born to this union all are deceased. He was married a second time March 9, 1882, to Elizabeth Allen, who was born December 22, 1837, in Madison County, Ohio. When she was quite young her father, Ananias "W". Allen, came to Logan County and settled in Eminence Township, her mother having died in Madison County, Ohio. After her marriage her father lived with her until his death, which occurred February 9, 1886, at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Bryan, our subject, died shortly after his second marriage. He was a highly respected citizen, and his death was a loss to the community in which he resided. He was a consistent member of the Cumberland Presby- terian church. ■ In politics he was Republican. His widow is an earnest member of the Missionary Baptist church. She is the owner of a well-improved farm containing forty acres. Madison P. Carlock was born April 16, 1829, in Morgan County, Illinois, a son of Abraham W". and Mary Oarlock, who were natives of Tennessee. He is of German descent, his great- grandfather having emigrated from that country to America prior to the Kevolutionary war, and settled on the South Po- tomac River, Virginia. He served in the war with General Washington seven years. Our subject's grandfather and his two uncles served in the war of 1812. Abraham W. Carlock was born in Virginia in 1800, reared from boyhood in Tennessee, and mar- ried at her birthplace in Overton County, Tennessee, to Mary Goodpasture. She was of a family of considerable note in the State, a family that furnished Tennessee with more than one con- gressman and judge of marked ability. A. W. Carlock made a tour of Illinois in 1823 on horseback, visited the site of Chicago, then Fort Dearborn, and was entertained over night in Chief Shab- bona's camp, north of Vandalia, the then capital. The settlements in Illinois were then small, and scattering. In 1826 he settled with his family in Morgan County, Illinois, experiencing all the priva- tions and hardships of the Western pioneerof sixty years ago. Madi- son P. Carlock was reared to manhood in Woodford County, Illinois, his parents having moved there when he was two years old. At an ^^C (^'"^l^cuoa en ^- /t^ iccyk 4 .dL EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 699 early age he showed a love for books and study, and after complet- ing his education he began teaching school, when nineteen years old, which he followed successfully for five years in Woodford, McLean and Logan counties. June 20, 1853, he was married to Elizabeth Ewiug, daughter of Joseph and Hettie Ewing, who came from Kentucky to Eminence Township among the early settlers. Three children were born to this union — Arabella, born September 28, 1854, died September 27, 1855; James H., born September 1, 1856, and a son who died in infancy. Mrs. Oarlock died August 29, 1858, and June 14, 1860, Mr. Oarlock was married to Nancy E. Judy, daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth Judy, of Logan County. To this union were born the following children — Rosalie J., born March 17, 1861, now attending Eureka Oollege; George W., born June 4, 1862; John A., born September 1, 1863; Ida M., born April 8, 1865; Horace L., born January 3, 1867; Lyman J., born January 26, 1868; Madison B., born January 4, 1870, died April 29, 1871; Lina J., born January 23, 1872; Roy R., born June 29, 1875; "Wayne 15., born March 17, 1877; Marion P., born Decem- ber 25, 1881; Grace L., born March 23, 1883, and two who died in infancy. Mr. Oarlock is a member of the Christian church, and for many years he has served in the capacity of elder. He has served as assessor of Eminence Township six terms, and also as school director and trustee for many years. He is successfully en- gaged in farming and stock-raising, |and is the owner of 535 acres of land on sections 22, 14 and 16, where he resides. He is one of the energetic and enterprising farmers of Eminence Township, and is always ready to aid any industrial or educational enterprise. As he began' with small means on 120 acres of wild land, and has reared a large famil}' of children, several of whom have enjoyed unusual educational facilities, it will be seen that Mr. Oarlock has risen by his own exertions, and is a good example of the self- made manhood of this country. The mother of the present Mrs. Carlock was the daughter of Samuel Ewing, who came from Ken- tucky to Logan County in 1827, entering the land where Mr. Oar- lock now lives. Here he built a rude log cabin among the Indians^ hisonly near neighbors — a hundred of the hungry aborigines came on one occasion to his house to be fed — and he made many a trade with them. A son of Samuel Ewing, Ford Ewing, was one of the most widely remembered and loved of the early settlers. He was a man of the most generous instincts and unbounded generosity and public spirit. During the winter of the "deep, snow" he on one 44 ^Tv^ 700 HI8T0KY OF LOGAN COUNTY. occasion ran down and drove home eleven half-starved, scrawny- deer, which he fattened but could not domesticate. Samuel Ewing- had two sons and six daughters. Joseph Ewing married Hattie Musick, of a pioneer family. Only two of their children and one of Ford Ewing's children are surviving to perpetuate the name. John W. Eddy, son of James and Burilla Eddy, was born ITo- vember 22, 1836, in Daviess County, Kentucky. He was reared in his native State, and in the spring of 1856 he came to Logan County, Illinois, and in 1861 he settled in his present home in Eminence Township, where he has a fine farm of 220 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. In connection with farming Mr. Eddy has for years been actively engaged in dealing in and ship- ping stock. October 14, 1861, he was married to Nancy J. Gard- ner, widow of the late Hugh Gardner, of Logan County. To this union have been born seven children — James W., William A., Killa, Shelby M., Winnie, Florence and Clarence L. Mrs. Eddy had two children by her former husband — Hugh B. and Mary B. Mr. Eddy has served as trustee of Eminence Township. He is a member of the Christian church. He is also a member of Atlanta Lodge, I. O. O. F. For four years he has served as a director of the Union Agricultural Society, representing the interest of Taze- well, Logan, McLean and De Witt counties, with headquarters at Atlanta. Samuel B. Evans was born May 1, 1807, in Fayette County^ Ohio. His parents, Lemuel and Jerusha Evans, emigrated from Delaware to Fayette County, Ohio, and later to Madison County, Ohio, in an early day. In the fall of 1826 our subject came to what is now McLean County, Illinois, but returned to Ohio the same fall. In the spring of 1828 he again came to McLean County, where he lived many years. In 1861 he came to Logan County and located in West Lincoln Township. For many years he has been extensively engaged in dealing in stock. In 1852 he drove cattle and sheep through to California, being five months on the road. He returned by way of the Isthmus of Darien, crossing the same on pack mules. In 1868, he took a large drove of cattle to near Virginia City, Nevada, arriving at his destination at the end of six months. He returned by stage through Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, the return journey occupying twenty-eight days. He has driven stock the distance of from ocean to ocean on foot, having taken cattle from Illinois to the Atlantic and from the same State to the , Pacific Ocean, before the day of railroads. jpr -4- EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 701 He now has a cattle and horse ranch in Montana Territory, and says he can ride on horseback now in his seventy-ninth year as long and as far as the young men of to-day. Our subject is a self-made man, having commenced life here on very limited means. He has been very successful in his agricultural pursuits, owing to his persevering industry and good management. He was married April 3, 1835, to Nancy Hougham, who died October 5, 1876. She was a daughter of John and Hannah Hougham, of McLean County, formerly of Ohio. Twelve children were born to this union, of whom nine are living — Margaret, Elizabeth, John, Amanda, Esther, Josiah, William, Lafayette and Lincoln. In politics Mr. Evans affiliates with the Republican party. Isaac N. Ewing is a native of Logan County, Illinois, born March 6, 1848, a son of Edward S. and Delilah (Lindsey) Ewing, early settlers of Logan County, and a grandson of Charles F. and Mary Ewing, who came with their family from Kentucky in 1828, and settled in what is now Eminence Township. Charles F. Ew- ing was a man of considerable wealth and influence in the county. He at one time owned 1,400 acres of Eminence Township's best land. He served in the State Legislature, elected to his office by the Whig party. He was a whole-souled, generous man, and a friend to the poor and needy. He died in 1870, having lived to see Eminence Township grow from a wild, uncultivated state to a section of fine farms, and the home of the prosperous farmers. Ed- ward S. Ewing was also a man of fine abilitj', and a prominent citizen and popular man of Eminence Township. He died in August, 1882. He was married three times and had a family of twelve children, eight of whom are living — Margaret, Charles A., Isaac N., Francis M., James E., Mary E., Sherman and Nathan. Isaac N. Ewing, whose name heads this sketch, was reared in this his native county, and in his youth was given the advantage of obtain- ing a good education. After leaving school he taught in the pub- lic schools of Logan County, where he gained a good reputation as an instructor and disciplinarian. His farm where he resides is located on section 2, Eminence Township. Mr. Ewing was mar- ried March 27, 1878, to Sarah Jane Frautz, daughter of Isaac and Eliza Frantz, who came to Logan County from the State of Indi- ana. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing have four children — Delilah, Smith, Lloyd and Eva. In polities Mr. Ewing affiliates with the Republi- can party. Newton J. truit^ farmer of Eminence Township, was born 703 HISTOEr OF LOGAN COUNTY. March 26, 1830, in Moultrie County, Illinois, his father, James Fruit, being a native of Kentucky. Our subject was married Au- gust 30, 1860, to Mrs. Parmelia Walker, and to this union have been born seven children — Martha, James, John, Charles, Will- iam, Hettie, and one who is new deceased. Mt. Fruit came to Lo- gan County, Illinois, in 1861, and settled in the southern part of Eminence Township on the place where he still resides. He has been very successful in his agricultural pursuits, and is now the owner of a fine farm containing 227 acres. In politics Mr. Fruit casts his suffrage with the Kepublican party. He and his wife are highly respected in the community in which they make their home. Harvey Oale, a resident of section 18, Eminence Township, Lo- gan County, was born June 16, 1806, in Columbia County, New York, his parents, Neimad and Susan Gale, being natives of Con- necticut. He was reared and educated in his native State, and February 22, 1827, he was united in marriage to Ursula Roberts. She was born September 27, 1808, and was a daughter of Philip and Phoeba (Moon) Roberts, of the State of New York. Of the seven children born to them but three are living — Samuel P., Ruth A. and Isaac J. Their son, Spencer S., was taken sick while serving in the late war and died in the army. Mr. Gale came with his family to Illinois in December, 1856, and the following spring settled in Eminence Township, where he has since made his home. He has been successful in his farming pursuits, and now owns 300 acres of land. In politics he is a Democi-at. John Harris, an old settler of Eminence Township, was born ^.oril 10, 1810, in Perry County, Ohio. His parents, John and Catlierine Harris, had a family of eight children, of whom only three are now living — William B., Sarah and John. When thir- teen years of age our subject removed with his parents to Fayette County, Ohio, where he lived to maturitj'. He has been twice married. March 12, 184:i, he was married to Mary Stothard, and of the four children born to this union, a son, James, is the only one that survives. His wife died June 18, 1848, and forhis second wife he married Mary A. Johnson, February 29, 1852. She died in March, 1885. By his last wife he had four children, three ot whom are living — Frank, Annie E. and Belle. In the fall of 1849 he came to Illinois and settled in McLean Countj^, where ho remained till the spring of 1854. He then settled on section 1, Eminence Township, Logan County, where he is successfully en- ^K^ o'^ _», t 7 O- L£.» EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 703 gaged ill agricultural pursuits. Mr. Harris is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Democrat. John P. Hiei'onymus, a prominent and successful farmer of Eminence Township, was born September 20, 1844, in Logan County, Illinois, a son of James and Melinda Hieronymus who were of German descent. The name Hieronymus, as a Syrian General, was known according to the "History of the Times " 300 years B. C. (See 2 Mace. XII. 2.) To further show the great age of the name, we insert an extract from Calvin E. Stowe's '' History of the Books of the Bible," page 119, who quotes 100 aLcient historians, of one of whom he says: "Hieronymus (Sophronius Eusebius) was born in the year 330 at Strido in Dalmatia. He was one of the most learned of all the church fathers, particularly in everything pertaining to the literature of the Bible. He re- ceived at Rome his first instructions in the sciences, traveled ex- tensively, and finally withdrew to a solitude near Bethlehem in Palestine, where he spent his life in the study of the Scriptures and the compositions of various learned works in the several depart- ments of Christian literature. He employed a Jew to teach him Hebrew, and was a diligent and faithful student. His greatest work was the revising of the common Latin translation of the Bible called the Vulgate, and writing for the several books of scripture erudite prefaces containing all that could be ascertained re- specting the authors, times and occasions of writing, etc. Even the most laborious investigations of modern times have in many in- stances scarcely advanced beyond the results of Hieronymus. Of most of the sacred books he made new translations very much superior to any that had preceded. His writings are among the richest of the ancient sources of critical investigation, and there are passages in them of surpassing eloquence; he was altogether sincere and earnest. He had several fierce controversies with Rufinus, Augustine and others. His writings were numerous, mainly on exegetical and historical subjects; they have been care- fully preserved, and are accessible in many good editions. He died in the year 420, at the age of ninety." Our subject's grand- father, William Hieronymus, who was born February 13, 1788, immigrated with his family to Illinois from Kentucky in 1828, settling in what has been known for many years as Hieronymus Grove, in the southeast corner of Tazewell County. His father, Henry, who was our subject's great-great-gran(ifa.ther, came from Germany about the year 1765, and first settled in Loudoun ^?p=^= — — — ^=^^-=5$*" 704 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. County, Virginia, near tiie foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains. He afterward removed to Kentucky in the year 1804 where he died in 1831. James Hieronymus, father of our subject, was born May 17, 1814, being fourteen years old when he came to Illinois. His wife, Melinda C. (Thompson), was born June 29, 1817, and came with her parents to Tazewell County, Illinois, in 1830. Of the seven children born to them four are living — Al- vira, born March 4, 1836, wife of Benjamin C. McAtee, of Ore- gon; Benjamin R., born June 27, 1841, cashier of the Farmers' National Bank at Fekin, Illinois; John P., our subject, and Thomas H., born December 18, 1845, living in Tazewell County. The mother died October 24, 1847, the father dying January 27, 1848. After the death of his parents John P. was taken to the home of his maternal aunt, Mrs. Smith Stroud, then living in this count}', and here he was reared to manhood. He was educated iu the schools of Atlanta, and for a short time followed the teacher's profession. He was married September 21, 1865, to Sarah E. Howser, who was born March 19, 1845, daughter of Abraham and Barbara A. Howser, who came to this county from Kentucky in 1836. To this union have been born eight children — Alva L., born September 7, 1867; Marion P., born April 5, 1869; Corinne P., born April 4, 1871; Sadie A., born May 20, 1873; Annie P., born March 12, 1875; Parrie M., born May 4, 1877; Jennie J., born June 17, 1879, and Ida V., born May 9, 1883, Alva and Jennie died in infancy. Mr. Hieronymus was elected township supervisor in April, 1885. He has for several years served as treasurer of the highway commissioners, and during 1877 and 1878 was treasurer of the Board of Township School Trustees. In 1880 he was elected a director and secretary of the Atlanta Union Central Agricultural Society, which was organized in 1860. He held the position of director for two years and is still acting in the capacity of secretary, having been re-appointed from time to time. He has been a member of the Christian church since 1859. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic wing of the Prohibition party. He resides on his farm of 245 acres, principally in the southeast quarter of section 13, one mile west of Atlanta. His farm is well provided with osage hedges and nut-bearing trees which he has raised from the seed. He has evergreens of /arious kinds in abundance, and has also supplied many of his neighbors. Having much more than doubled the capital with which he began EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 705 life, he affirms that he occupies the most desirable condition in life which is expressed as follows : " O, grant me, heaven, a middle state. Neither too humble nor too great, More than enough for nature's ends, With Bomething left for poor and friends.'' He endorses Mr. Emerson's words : "The few superior persons in each community are so by their steadiness to reality and their apparent neglect of appearances." And: " Those who are selected for a limited time to manage public affairs are still of the people and may do much by their example to encourage that plain way of living which promotes honesty and prosperity." Sa/rah E. Hieronymus (Howser) was born March 19, 1845, in Jersey County, near Jerseyville, Illinois, a daughter of Abraham and Barbara Ann (Arnspiger) Howser, who were married Sep- tember 14, 1841, to whom four children were born — Mary Cath- erine, was born April 13, 1843, and married Elias Lorey; Sarah Elizabeth, our subject; Margaret Ann, who was born January 6, 1847, and married Henry C. Mountjoy; Emily Jane, born Octo- ber 7, 1848, married James D. Attebery ; the three sisters are now residents of Kansas. The mother, Barbara A. (who now re- sides with her children), was a daughter of John and Catherine Arnspiger, Catherine being a daughter of Peter Funk, who resided in Jessamine County, Kentucky. Our subject's father and his father-in-law, with others, went to California with ox teams dur- ing the gold excitement in the spring of 1849. The wife and four children were left to struggle with poverty, in the hope of an abundance in the near future. In two weeks after reaching the Golden State, the father passed into another life, on October 17, 1849. With the then slow method of mail transportation the death news reached home in February, 1850, from which time a close struggle for support was the fate of the little family of five. And only with the aid of many friends, together with much out- door labor, was the tidal wave of destitution successfully over- come. The widow and daughters removed to Logan County in August, 1857, where many relatives resided, and where in 1859 Sarah E. was immersed and became a member of the Christian church, on Sugar Creek. Joseph S. Hilsoher was born January 16, 1828, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and died on the 8th day of May, 1885. His parents, Henry and Susana (Secrist) Hilscher were of German ^i T *° 706 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. descent. Whea he was a young man he learned the blacksmith's trade, and followed that avocation for about fifteen years. He was married in Lycominof County, Pennsylvania, May 8, 1851, to Louise "Woland, a daughter of Solomon and Catherine (Radal) Woland, who were of German descent. Eleven children were born to this union^ — Robert W., an attorney at Watseka, Illinois, and the present prosecuting attorney for Iroquois County; Elmira R.; John F., an attorney at Lincoln, Illinois; Solomon S., a student at Lincoln University; Nellie C, Jacob A., Clay W., Agnes H., Susan M., Abraham L. and Esau O., the last four of whom are deceased. In 1853 our subject left his native State and went to Indianapolis, Indiana, and after remaining there a short time went to Bethlehem, Hamilton County, where he lived several years and worked at his trade. In May, 1857, he came to Logan County, and settled on section 30, in Eminence Township, where he built him a house and devoted his attention to farming. In 1859 he, with several of his neighbors, attracted by the re- ported find of gold, started overland to Pike's Peak, Colorado, but spending the summer in a fruitless search, he returned to his farm in Logan County, and resided here until his death. He was a kind husband and father, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. In politics he was always a Republican. He was a member of the Protestant Methodist church, his widow also be- longing to the same church, until recently, when she joined the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Hilscher was a member of Lincoln Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and Constantine Commandery of K. T. Mrs. Hilscher and three of the children still reside on the homestead farm, which contains 185 acres of highly cultivated land. Peier Hitchell was born in Gallowayshire, Scotland, November 17, 1826. His parents, William and Barbara Hitchell, had a fam- ily of eleven children, of whom six are living — Jeanette, Mary,' Peter, Catherine, Jane and Agnes. Peter Hitchell was reared to maturity in his native country, and there received a fair education. He left his home for America, in the summer of 1847, and after an ocean voyage of five weeks he landed at New York. He was first employed as a farm hand in Otsego County, New York, where he remained several years. After coming to Logan County he continued to work as a farm hand for several years, and in 1863 he settled on his present farm, on section 19, Eminence Township, where he has 143 acres of fine land, and is one of the leading far- l^ ^j/y/^c^ EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 707 mers of this township. August 22, 1863, he was married to Mar- tha A. Orsler, daughter of Bazil and Dorcas Orsler, who came to Logan County from Indiana. To Mr. and Mrs. Hitchell have been born nine children — "William J., Thomas M., John A., Isabel F., Mary J., May N., Annie S., Lottie D. and Georgie A. William J. Horrom, a prominent farmer of Eminence Township, was born December 6, 1848, in Cass County, Illinois. He is a son of John and Susan Horrom, who were natives of New York State and Pennsylvania, respectively, and among the early settlers of Cass County. He was reared on a larm in his native county, and there educated in the|comnion schools. November 16, 1870, he was married toSaraii E. Goodpasture, by whom he had seven chil- dren, six of them still living — Leona N., Eugene L., William A., Bessie, Pearl and Gertrude. In 1877 Mr. Horrom moved with his family to Logan County, Illinois, and settled on the farm where he has since resided. He is a successful and enterprising farmer and is the owner of 250 acres of good land. In politics he afBliates with the Republican party. He is at present serving his second term as road commissioner of Eminence Township. John A. Howser, deceased, was born July 24, 1834, in Menard County, Illinois. When he was about ten years old his parents, Solomon and Martha Howser, removed to Kentucky, remaining there several years. He then returned with them to Illinois and settled in Eminence Township, Logan County. He was a carpen- ter by trade, which occupation he followed at different times in con- nection witli farming. April 26, 1869, he was married to Osa Chowning, daughter of John and Mary A. Chowning, who were formerly from Kentucky, but now of Cass County, Illinois Of four children born to this union two are living — Allen R. and Nellie B. Mr. Howser died March 26, 1883, his death being mourned by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. His widow still lives on the homestead, on section 20, Eminence Township, and is the owner of 117 acres of land. She is a member of the Christian chnrch, Mr. Howser having been a consistent member of the same. He had served his township as road commissioner. Daniel H. Judy was born January 8, 1808, in Greene County, Ohio,.hi8 parents, Jacob and Nancy Judy, being among the early settlers of that county. , In the fall of 1829 he came to Tazewell County, Illinois, and settled at Mackinaw, which was then the county seat of that county, where he was engaged in the mercan- tile business for about two years. On December 29, 1831, he was 708 HISTORVr OF LOGAN COUNTY. married to Caroline Simonton, after which he engaged in the black- smithing business until his wife died, October 11, 1833. She left one child — James I., born September 16, 1832. He went to the lead mines at Galena and "Wisconsin, in 1834, remaining abont two years, when he returned and was again married, to Elizabeth Ewing, January 19, 1837, by whom he had six children — Mary A., born January 13, 1838; Nancy E., November 25, 1839; "William F., July 14, 1841, died November 7, 1843; Jennie E., January 1, 1844; John H., November 7, 1846, and Martin "W., born March 12, 1849, died October 19, 1862. In 1837 he operated a saw-mill on Sugar Creek, town 21, range 2, west; then moved on his farm on section 23, town 22, which was then in Tazewell Connty, but is now in Logan County, where he remained until 1857, when he moved to Atlanta, Illinois. His second wife died November 12, 1858, and October 23, 1859, he was married a third time, taking for his wife Lydia A. Cox, who died December 19, 1879. He moved from Atlanta to his present farm in 1859, where he has ever since resided. In politics Mr. Judy is a Republican. He is an . active member of the Christian church, of which he has served as ati elder. Calvin Leach, a son of John H. and Elizabeth Leach, was born February 25, 1816,3in Anderson County, Tennessee. His parents had a family of six children, five of whom are yet living — Calvin, Sarah, Mary, Nancy and Minerva. John is deceased. He was a soldier in the United States army during the Mexican war. Onr subject was about ten years old when his parents left his native State and settled in "Washington County, Indiana, remaining there many years. The parents subsequently died while on their way to Missouri. Calvin Leach was married June 14, 1839, in Indiana, to Frances B. Hise, who was born March 25, 1821, a native of Kentucky. She was a daughter of George and Nancy Hise, who settled in "Washington County, Indiana, in an early day. Nine chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Leach— John T., Peter B., Fielding I., "William H., Charles D., Mary E., Nancy E., Sarah J. and Eachel M. The last three are deceased. Mr. Leach moved with his family to Logan County, Illinois, in the fall of 1856, and in the fall of 1865 he settled on his present farm in the northern part of Eminence Township. In politics he is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. Anderson Miller, deceased, was born November 6, 1811, in Ten- nessee, a son of "William and Hannah Miller. "When he was a boy ' •i^s ^ ~"~ — — — ^ ■ ti >v EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 709 his pareuts moved to Sangamon County, Illinois; and subsequently settled in Logan County. Our subject was reared on a farm, and received but a limited education. November 16, 1843, he was married to Louisa Murphy, who was born November 16, 1822, in Logan County, Ohio, a daughter of James and Jemima Murphy, being in her sixth year when her parents settled in McLean County, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were the parents of nine children — James W., Mary J., John H., Louisa, Anderson A., Emma, George, and two who are deceased. Mr. Miller died May 21, 1872. He was a member of the Christian churcli, and as a citizen was highly respected. In politics he was a Republican. His widow resides in the north part of Eminence Township on the homestead farm, which contains 120 acres of choice land. William R. Miller^ deceased, was a son of George and Cath- arine Miller. He was born March 8, 1822, and was a native of Posey County, Indiana, where he was reared. February J), 1846, he was married to Mary A. Hancock, born June 25, 1825, in West Tennessee, a daughter of "William and Eliz- abeth Hancock, who were early settlers of Posey County, In- diana. Of the ten children born to this union only three sur- vive—Henry J., Frank R. and Nora J. George W., Harriet, El- len, James N., John E., Mary E. and Charles A. are deceased. In 1864 Mr. Miller came to Logan County, Illinois, with his family and settled in Eminence Township. He was a farmer by occu- pation, which avocation he followed industriously till his death, wliicli occurred May 1, 1877. He was a consistent member of the Baptist church, and was a useful and enterprising citizen. His widow, who still survives liim, resides on the old homestead farm, which contains 160 acres of land. She is also a member of the Baptist cliurch. Robert L. Mountjoy, deceased, was born June 16, 1843, a native of Kentucky, a son of Robert F. and Susan T. Mountjoy. When he was a boy he left his native State with his parents, and with them came to Eminence Township, Logan County, where he was reared to maturity. He was married August 16, 1866, to Mar garetl., daughter of Stephen and Catherine Arnspiger, who came from Kentucky to Logan County, Illinois, among the early settlers. To Mr. and Mrs. Mountjoy were born the following children-LillieS., born July 18,1867; Paralee, born March 15, 1870; Amanda, born March 19, 1874; Tolbert, born March 17, 1878; Mellie F., born September 29, 1881, and Robert, who is now 710 HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. deceased. Mr. Monntjoj was a soldier in the war of the Rebell- ion. He enlisted in the early part of the war and served three years, participating in several important battles. His death oc- curred November 24, 1884. He was a member of the Christian church, and in politics he affiliated with the Republican party. Tlie lioraestead farm, which is owned and occupied by his widow, is located on section 35, this township, and contains 255 acres of land. Mrs. Mountjoy is a member of the Christian church. Samuel Musick, a farmer of Eminence Township, is a native of Logan County, Illinois, born February 1, 1843, a son of Herod and Mary Musick, the father a native of Ohio, and the mother of Indiana. They came to this county among the early settlers. Of their children five are living. Samuel Musick was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of this county. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and shortly after his enlistment he was appointed Corporal, serving as such till his discharge. He served two years, being principally engaged on guard duty, in several different States. October 1, 1867, he was married to Nellie McFarlaud, of Portage City, Wisconsin. Of the four children born to this union three are living — Mabel, Willard and John. Mr. Musick is the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres of land, under a high state of cultivation. He has served as school director of his district for many years. In politics he is a Republican. Jacob H. PaulUn, farmer and stock-dealer, of Eminence Town- ship, was born April 23, 1828, in Greene County, Ohio, a son of Jacob and Polly Paullin, who were natives of New Jersey and Kentucky respectively. He was reared to manhood in Ohio, and there received but a rudimentary education. He was married November 30, 1848, to Martha A. Colvin, of Ohio. They have seven children— Thomas L., Charles E., David C, John M., Laura E., Abraham L. and George W". In 1851, with his wife and one child, Mr. Paullin came to Logan County, Illinois, and for two years lived near the present site of Atlanta. He then removed to section 25, Eminence Township, where he has since made his home. Mr. Paullin is a self-made man, having commenced life in Logan County with very small capital. He is now classed among the well-to-do farmers of this township, where he has a fine farm of 427 acres. In connection with his farming pursuits he is also quite extensively engaged in dealing and shipping stock. In ^ EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 711 politics he affiliates with tlie Republican pirty. He is a member of Logan Lodo;e, No. 176, I. O. 0. F., of Atlanta. Lewis A. Philipsen, an enterprising farmer and public-spirited citizen of Eminence Township, Logan County, was born January 4, J846, in Pekin. Illinois, his parents Abram and Renetta F. Philipsen, being natives of Prussia, Germany. His parents had a family of six children, three of whom survive — John J. Augusta H. and our subject. The latter was quite young when his parents removed to Logan County, they locating near the present site of Lincoln. They subjequently returned to Pekin where the father died. Lewis A. was reared to the life of a farmer, and received but a common-school education. He was first married December 18, 1870, to Susannah Siebert, a daughter of John and Margaret Siebert, of Champaign County, Illinois. She died September 23, 1874, leaving two children — John A. and Anna M. Mr. Philipsen was again married January 6, 1876, to Mrs. Susan E. Braucher, widow of the late R. C. Branclier, of Logan County. Mr. Philipsen has a good farm on section 30, this township, where he resides. In politics he affiliates witli the Democratic party. Allen Quisenberry, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Eminence Township, was born October 19, 1823, in Christian County, Kentucky, a son of Edward S. and Nancy Quisenberry. When a boy he came to Illinois with his parents, where he was reared to manhood on a farm, and educated in the common schools. November 16, 1843, he was married to Lizzie Burt, a daughter of William and China Burt, early settlers of Tazewell County, Illinois, both of whom are now deceased. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Quisenberry — Parthena B., deceased; John W. and China M. Mr. Quisenberry has been very successful in his farming and stock-raising, and is now the owner of 510 acres of land, 340 being in Logan County and 170 in Tazewell County. His homestead farm is located on section 31, this township. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Both he and his wife are earnest members of the Christian church at Hittle's Grove. Edward 8. Quisenberry, one of the pioneera of Logan County, was a native of Virginia, where he grew to manhood and was married. His wife died in Virginia and he subsequently moved to Kentucky, and there married Lucy Plato. In 1835 he came to Illinois and settled in what is now Tazewell County, removing to -- -^ — 712 HISTOET OF LOGAN COUNTY. Eminence Township, Logan County, in 1848, where he died in 1864, his wife surviving him till 1883. He was a successful agriculturist and at one time owned nearly 2,000 acres. In early life he was a Baptist in religious ^belief, but later was connected with the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In politics he was a Eepublican. Of his large family of children seven are living — Edward, Allen, "Washington, Albert, Thomas H., Kobert, Henry C, Arthur, Sarah, Catherine, Martha and Jane. Tliomas H. Quisenberry, general manager of the Gold Spring Eesort, in Eminence Township, Logan County, is a native of Ken- tucky, born December 18, 1829. When about five years old he came with his parents, Edward S. and Lucy Quisenberry, to Illi- nois, and resided for several years on the west edge of Hittle's Grove, and in 1846 came to this county and settled in Eminence Township. His father was twice married, and was the father of a large family, twelve of the children still living — Edward, Allen, Washington, Albert, Thomas H., Robert, Henry C, Arthur, Sarah, Catherine, Martha and Jane. Our subject has followed agricultural pursuits through life, and in his youth received a common-school education. He was married September 11, 1851, to America Stewart, who was born in Kentucky, September 4, 1832, coming to Logan County, Illinois, with her parents, Daniel and Mahala Stewart, about the year 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Quisenberry have been born four children — Ira J., Charles "W. Jerome G. and Robert J. Charles W. is deceased. Soon after his marriage Mr. Quisenberry settled in Orvil Township, this county, and while a resident of that township he served as super- visor. In September, 1880, he removed to Lincoln, and in the spring of 1885 he settled on his present farm in Eminence Town- ship. He owns eighty acres of land in Logan County, and also owns large tracts of land in Nebraska and Colorado. Mr. and Mrs. Quisenberry are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Quisenberry has served as elder for twenty years. Henry Rice, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Eminence Township, was born November 24, 1824, in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. His parents, John and Rebecca Rice, were natives of Pennsylvania, both now deceased, the father dying in 1842, and the mother in 1831. Henry Rice obtained his education in the- district schools of his native county. In June, 1842, he went to Berkeley County, Yirginia, where he began work at the carpenter's CJL ^ EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 715 trade, following the same for many years. October 10, 1848, he was married to Harriet Seibert, and to this union have been born several children. Mr. Rice immigrated to Champaign Connty, Ohio, in November, 1848, locating near Urbana, where he followed carpentering till 1861. He then removed to Alien County, Indi- ana, living near Monroeville till the fall of 1864. He then came to Logan County, Illinois, remaining the following winter at Lin- coln, and in the spring of 1865 he settled on his present farm in Eminence Township, where he has a good farm of 285 acres of land, all on section 26. Since his residence in Eminence Town- ship he has, in connection with his farming, devoted considerable tipae to carpentering and building. For several years he has served his township as road commissioner, which office he now holds. He has also served as township trustee for three years, and the last seven years as school director. He is an active member of the Lawndale Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he ha s served as steward for several years. Jacob Roads was born July 12, 1831, in Preble County, Ohio, a son of George and Rachel (Brock) Roads, who were natives of Vir- ginia. When he was about four years old his parents removed to Champaign County, Ohio, where he was reared to manhood. Of his father's family of twelve children seven are living — Joseph, Catherine, Sarah, John, Rachel, Mary and Jacob. Jacob Roads was married to his first wife, Mary Davis, in Ohio. For his sec- ond wife he took Sarah Davidson, and to this union were born five children — CiceleyE. , Oceola L., Deamore H., Minnie B. and Lil- lian A. (deceased). He was again married to Mrs. Maggie (John- son) Adams, by whom he had two children — Zulu F. and Zelma D. Our subject enlisted in thelate war in 1862, in Company E, Ninetj'- fifth Ohio Infantry, as a Corporal. He participated in the engage- ments at Richmond, Kentucky; Jackson, Mississippi; Vicksburg, Mississippi; siege of Jackson, Gun Town, Mississippi ; Tupelo, Mississippi, and siege of Spanish Fort, and others of minor im- portance. He received an honorable discharge in August, 1865, having had a remarkable military experience both in field and fort. Mr.Roads has served as road commissioner of Eminence Township, and as district school director. He is one of the enterprising and pro- gressive farmers of this township, where he owns a well-improved farm of over seventy-two acres . Joseph Sample, a son of Hugh and Sarah J. Sample, is a native of Ireland, born in Londonderry County, in] August, 1860. To his- t^ •V®- 714 HISTORY OF LOfiAN OOUNTr. parents were born eleven children of whom ten survive — Mary A., Andrew, Hns^h, John, "William, Joseph, Thomas, Elizabeth, James, and Sarah J. In the spring of 1868 our subject with his brother, Samuel, left his home, and after a voyage of eighteen days landed in New York. He then came to Butler County, Ohio, where for a short time he worked as a farm hand and as a stone-mason. In the spring of 1869 he came to Logan County, Illinois, and the first two years after coming here he worked as a farm hand for Robert Scarth, of West Lincoln Township. He subsequently rented farms in difiFerent parts of this county, and in the spring of 1882 he set- tled on section 30, Eminence Township, where he has a good farm containing 120 acres of land. December 24, 1874, he was married to Mary E. Altic, and had a family of four children — Elizabeth J., Margaret A., Hugh J. and Ida M. Ida is deceased. In politics Mr. Sample affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member the Presbyterian church at Lincoln. Jacob Seiiert, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Eminence Township, was born September 7, 1832, in Champaign County, Ohio, a son of John and Catherine (Bowers) Seibert, the father be- ing a native of Pennsylvania, and the mother of Virginia. Six of a large family of children born to his parents are yet living — Mar- garet, Barnabas, Plenry, John W., Harriet and Jacob. Our sub- ject has devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits from his youth, in which he has met with success. He was married March 20, 1856, to Mary C. Printz, of Clarke County, Ohio. Six chil- dren have been born to them — Catherine E., now the wife of David G-ilchrist; Eleanora, deceased; George "W., John D., Carrie C. and Jacob E. In November, 1863, Mr. Seibert came with his wife and four children to Logan County, Illinois, and settled on a rented farm in East Lincoln Township. In the fall of 1864 he purchased 100 acres of land in Eminence Township, where he has since re- sided, and through his energy and good management he has been able to add to his farm from time to time till it at present contains 315 acres. He has served his township as school trustee, and for three years served as road commissioner in Eminence Township. He is a member of Atlanta Lodge, I. O. O. F. Smith Stroud, one of the early and prominent citizens of Logan County, was born in Tennessee, October 15, 1820, and died in this township November 18, 1877. When he was a youth, in 1834, he came in a two-wheeled cart with his parents, Peter and Rebecca Stroud, to Logan County, they locating in the northern part of — «»- ^ ^ r- EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 715 what is now Eminence Township. He received but a limited edu- cation, having been obliged to help with the work on the farm from an early age, but could readily compute interest, and solve difficult problems mentally. He was united in marriage October 20, 1840, to Priscilla B. Thompson, daughter of Shared and Cath- erine (Stafford) Thompson, her parents being natives of Tennessee, and early settlers of Eminence Township. This union was blessed with one son — William B., born May 15, 1853. Mr. Stroud was an active church worker, having been identified with the Christian church, for many years serving as an elder. He was a kind and af- fectionate husband and father, and was always ready arid willing to assist an unfortunate neighbor. He was president and an active officer of the Atlanta Anti-thief Society from its beginning until Ms death. His widow still resides on the homestead in this town- ship, where she has a good farm of 280 acres, this being about one- third of the accumulated landed estate. He acquired his first forty acres by pre emption in the year 1840. Traded that for an ox-team, and then bought 120 acres in Brook's Grove, McLean County, which he traded for the old homestead in this county, where he spent his remaining years, his father and mother remov- ingtolowa, Marion County. His judgment was quick and closely accurate in live-stock, in which he was fond of dealing, and from which, and his energy in labor, arose his honestly earned accumu- lations. William B. Stroud, Jr., is a native of Logan County, Illinois, bom Ma^ 15, 1853, a son of Smith and Priscilla B. Stroud, the former now deceased. He received his primary education in the district schools of Eminence Township, this county, and later took an advanced course in the Atlanta High School. In 1871 he en- tered Eureka College, at Eureka,'] Illinois, which institution he attended more than a school year. In June, 1873, he was married to Paralee Mountjoy, a daughter of Robert and Susan Mountjoy, of Logan County. Of five children born to this union three are living — Marion E., Smith L. and Anabel F. Mr. Stroud is an en- terprising citizen, and is the owner of much land both in Logan and McLean counties. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order. He belongs to the Christian church. John Stuckey, a representative farmer in Eminence Township, was born July 27, 1829, in Berkeley County, Virginia, a son of John and Barbara Stuckey. In 1852 he engaged in the mercantile business at Jones Springs, Virginia, with his brother, Samuel K. 45 IK^ ^ 716 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Stuckey, and carried on the business under the firm name of Stiickey Brothers abont four years. February 14, 1854, he was married to Mary E. Bishop, daughter of Josephus and Margaret Bishop, of Berkeley County, Virginia. One son has been born to this union — Charles J. In 1856 Mr. Stuckey removed to Logan County from Iowa, where he had spent a short time, and iu 1864 he settled on the farm in Eminence Township, where he has since resided. He was met with success in his farming operations, and is now the owner of 240 acres, which he has accumulated by his own efforts. In politics lie casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. Both he and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Stuckey has served as steward for several years. David, O. Thompson, deceased, was born in Virginia, November 26, 1794, and when a child he removed with his parents to Tennes- see. He was first married to Mary Anderson, who died about one year after her marriage, and in April, 1830, he was married again, taking for his second wife Elizabeth Mclllwain. By his second marriage he had a family of five children, of whom only two are now living — Elvina J. and Charlotte. In 1830 he came to Illinois^ and settled on what is now section 34, Eminence Township, Logan County. He was one of the first settlers of this township, and helped to organize the Christian church here. During his life he was an active worker for that religious denomination, and for many years served as an elder. He served as justice of the peace many years, and was held in high esteem in the county. His death oc- curred October 10, 1851. His widow survived him twenty-five years, and died October 11, 1876. Their daughter Charlotte was born and reared and has always resided on the homestead in Eminence Township. She was born December 8, 1837, and May 29, 1856, she was married to Noah Ferguson, who was born March 22, 1835, and in 1841 came from Indiana to Logan County, Dli- nois, with his widowed mother, Hannah Ferguson. Mr. and Mrs. Noah Ferguson have a good farm of nearly 200 acres. To them have been born six children — Mary E., born March 21, 1857; Fran- cis E., January 24, 1860; Lawrence N., July 20, 1861; Emma A.^ August 28, 1863; William G., October 11, 1868, and Charlotte L, November 19, 1879. William F. Watt was born in Perry County, Ohio, January 26, 1846, a son of Isaac and Ann (Tracy) Watt, who are natives of Mary- land. When he was about eleven years old his parents removed ^^^ A Gta^W -^ p EMINENCE TOWNSHIP. 717 to Tazewell County, Illinois, and shortly settled in Logan County, locating in Eminence Townsliip. They returned to Tazewell County during the war, and at present reside in Hittle Township. They had a family of seven children, of whom five are living — William F., Isaiah W., Benjamin K, Mary J. and Charles F. Sarah L. and John "W. are deceased. The latter was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and lost his life at Allatoona Pass, Geor- gia. William F. Watt was reared on a farm and received a com- mon-school education. He was married August 12, 1865, to Sarah A. Mountjoy, daughter of William Mountjoy, of Eminence Town- ship, Logan County. This union has been blessed with eight children— Sinia A., John "W. (deceased), Amos B., Marian F., Clarence E., Joseph T., Hattie A. and Charles W". (deceased). When Mr. Watt was married he had but $20 in money with which to commence housekeeping, but has been successful in the pursuit of farming and stock-raising, and is now the owner of 280 acres of land all under a high state of cultivation. In the spring of 1883 he was elected supervisor of Eminence Township, and served in that capacity two years. He is at present serving as school trus- tee, having been elected in the spring of 1885. He is a member of the Christian church. In politics he casts his suffi-age with the Kepublican party. Mr. Watt has never smoked nor chewed to- • bacco, and never drank any liquor of any kind except half a glass of beer. - IS 5R^ f CHAPTER ZXV. HURLBUT TOWNSHIP. Location and Boundaries. — Official List, 1867-1885. — Statis- tics. — Political. — Biographical. Hurlbut has but twenty-five sections, and is the smallest town- ship but two in Logan County. It occupies the southwest corner, and is bounded on the north by Corwin Township, on the east by Elkhart Township, on the south by Sangamon County, and on the west by Menard County. The Chicago & Alton Railroad crosses the southeast portion. Elkhart City is jnst over the line in Elkhart Township, and is the usual trading point. TOWNSHIP officers. In this list are shown the officers elected each year since the or- ganization of the township. 1867— Supervisor, Elisha Crane; Clerk, Charles Thompson; As- sessor, John Yan Meter; Collector, Henry Moore; Highway Com- missioners, J. C. King, William B. Bock and Abraham Larue; Justices, Thomas Alsop, A. J. Bronson and Charles S. Drake; Constables, Newton S. Dunn and Henry B. Drake. 1869 — Supervisor, Augustus J. Bronson; Clerk, Thomas J. Shreve; Assessor, David G. Elkin; Collector, Thomas Alsop; Highway Commissioners, Thomas J. McClellan and William Yan Meter. 1870— Supervisor, R. A. Hurt; Clerk, W. H. Sanford; Assessor, John Groves; Collector, H. B. Drake; Highway Commissioners, J. A. Hunter and N. E. Constant; Justices, Thomas Alsop and Charles L. Drake; Constable, E. C. Martin. 1872— Supervisor, Henry B. Drake; Clerk, Silas H. Drake; Assessor, John Groves; Collector, E. C. Martin; Highway Com- missioner, James A. Hunter. 1873— Supervisor, Henry B. Drake; Clerk, H. W. Sanford; As- (718) HURLBOT TOWNSHIP. 719 sessor, Henry P. Mount; Collector, H. W. Sanford; Highway Commissioner, Abraham Larue. 1874: — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake; Clerk, E. D. McMasters; Assessor, H. P. Mount; Collector, Pat. Murphy; Highway Com- missioner, Silas Drake; Justices, T. Alsop and Charles S. Drake; Constables, E. Q. Daley and E. C. Martin. 1875 — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake ; Clerk, Thomas Alsop; As- sessor, Conrad Gehres; Collector, Alexander Downing; Highway Commissioner, Patrick Murphy; Justice, H. P. Mount; Constable, H. C. Burdick. 1877 — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake; Clerk, Thomas Alsop; As- sessor, Conrad Gehres ; Collector, John Gehres ; Highway Com- missioner, Patrick Ruth; Justices, Thomas Alsop and James A. Hunter; Constables, Richard Lewis and Z. T. Drake. 1878 — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake; Clerk, Thomas Alsop ; As- sessor, N. E. Constant; Collector, Silas H. Drake; Highway Com- missioner, J. A. Hunter ; Justices, Henry L. Sanford and W. A. Hunter. 1879 — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake ; Clerk, Thomas Alsop; As- sessor, Conrad Gehres; Collector, William Van Meter ; Highway Commissioner, Samuel G. W. Ely; Constable. Z. T. Drake. 1880 — Supervisor, Henry B. Drake ; Clerk, H. P. Mount ; As- sessor, Conrad Gehres; Collector, Patrick Murphy ; Highway Commissioner, Z. T. Drake; Constable, William Shannon. 1881— Supervisor, Patrick J. Ruth ; Clerk, H. P. Mount ; As- sessor, Conrad Gehres ; Collector, Patrick Murphy ; Highway Commissioner, Abraham Bock; Justices, H. L. Sanford and John Groves; Constable, Samuel Wyant. 1882— Supervisor, Patrick J. Ruth; Clerk, H. P. Mount; As- sessor, Samuel E. Crane ; Collector, Michael C. Gerts ; Highway Commissioner, S. G. W. Ely. 1883— Supervisor, Patrick J. Ruth ; Clerk, H. P. Mount ; As- sessor, Samuel E. Crane; Collector, George A. Moore; Highway Commissioner, John B. Shaw ; Justice, George A. Moore. 1884— Supervisor, Patrick J. Ruth; Clerk, H. P. Mount ; As- sessor, S. H. Drake ; Collector, Daniel Fielding ; Highway Com- missioner, Cyrus Shockey. 1885— Supervisor, Patrick J. Ruth ; Clerk, H. P. Mount ; As- sessor, K E. Constant ; Collector, S. H. Drake ; Highway Com- missioner, S. G. W. Ely. - — ^ >t 720 HISTOBY OF LOGAN OOUNXr. STATISTICS. Hurlbut has steadily and permanently increased in population. In 1870 and 1880 there were 476 and 568 inhabitants respectively, and there may now be about 600. The valuation and taxation of property in 1875 and 1885 are here shown for comparison and reference: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $155,228 ; State tax, $1,365.79 ; county tax, $910.46; no town tax; school tax, $352.29; no district road tax; road and bridge tax, $465.23; sinking fund tax, $455.23; county bond tax, $591.81; back tax, $7.85 ; total taxes, $4,138.66. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $287,288 ; State tax, $1,037.81 ; county tax, $1,927.37; road and bridge tax. $1,779.10; county bond interest tax, $385.46; district school tax, $1,865.91; dog tax, $56; back taxes, $.97; totaltaxes, $6,552 62. POLITICAL. Hurlbut has been Democratic for ten years past, but was for- merly Republican. Following is the vote at presidential elections since 1868 : 1868— Ulysses S. Grant 89 48 Horatio Seymour 41 1873— Uly8S»s S. Grant 71 23 Horace Greeley 48 1876— Samuel J Tilden 77 36 Butherford B. Hayes ... 51 1880— Wlnfleld 3- Hancock .... 70 9 James A. Garfield 61 1884— Grover Cleveland 76 33 James G. Blaine 54 John P. St. John 3 BIOGRAPHICAL. Daniel Shockey, section 12, is a representative of one of the early families of Elkhart Township. His father, John Shockey, Sr., was born in Washington Township, Franklin County, Penn- sylvania, and was reared to the business of farming and stock-rais- ing. As early as 1848 he came to this section of Illinois with Colonel White, and purchased a drove of cattle, which they drove back to Pennsylvania. It was the knowledge of the country which he then obtained that induced him to settle here a few years later. He married Catherine Monn. The first of the family to locate in Logan County was Daniel and his eldest brother, John, coming in March, 1853. John Shockey, the father of these two brothers, had already purchased nearly 5,000 acres of land in Logan County, nearly all lying west and south of Elkhart. In 1853, John Shockey, Sr., purchased what was known as the "Latham farm," which HUELBL'T TOWNSHIP. 721 now includes the plat of the village of Elkhart. lu 1855 he pur- chased what was known as the " Rlgney farm," settling on it and making it a homestead the following year. Here he lived till his death, which occurred November 25, 1859, his wife dying one year previous, November 13, 1858. The farm is now owned and occupied by J. D. Gillett. John Shockey, Sr., was one of the prominent men of his county in Pennsylvania, being one of the largestock-raisersof his part of the State. He was a powerful man physically, and never met a man who couM conquer him in a phys- ical contest. In early life he was a Whig, and later a Republi- can. Seventeen children were born to him ^nd his wife, of whom ten grew to maturity. Eight are living at present. Nine of the children have been residents of Logan County. They are as follows — John, the eldest, is now irt Bates County, Missouri; Daniel, our subject; Christian, the third son, returned to Penn- sylvania, where he is now living; Jeremiah was a member of Com- pany I, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and died at Bol- ivar, Tennessee, in 1863; Susan, wife of John Rinehart, now living in Pennsylvania; Mary, wife of John J. Moore, in Mount Pulaski Township; Cyrus, also served in Company I, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and is now living in Hurlbut Township; Henry, served in the same company and is now a resident of Pennsylvania; Jacob, theyoungestson, now lives in Missouri. Five of the brothers served in the war of the Rebellion, all enlisting at the same time in the same company, and all returning together at the close of the war, except Jeremiah, who, as stated, died in the service. Our subject, Daniel Shockey, came to Elkhart Township in 1853, and was one of the five brothers who served in the army. He owns a farm of 160 acres on section 12, where he resides. He also owns eighty acres on section 24. He was married to Mary Gehr, born near Ringgold, Maryland, a daughter of Ulrich Gehr. Mr. and Mrs. Shockey have three children living — Amanda, Edward and Minnie. Two died in childhood. Mr. Shockey is a Republi- can politically, as are all his brothers. William Yan Meter, residing on section 3, Hurlbut Township, where he has a beautiful and well-cultivated farm, is one of the prominent farmers of this township. His father, Seymour R. Yan Meter, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in February, 1807, where he grew to manhood, and when twenty-two years old came to Illinois. He was here during the Black Hawk war, and took part in that contest. He returned to Ohio in 1834 and married ■*7F 'k. 722 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN OOQNTT. Catherine Bishop, and of the five children born to them two are still living, three reaching maturity — John, "William H., our sub- ject, and Ohloe, married George Scott, and died aged about thirtj- five years. After his marriage Seymour Van Meter returned to Sangamon County, Illinois, residing there till his death in Sep- tember, 1866. About 1850 he entered 240 acres of land in Hurl- but Township, which was owned by his two sons from 1859 till 1867. This land now forms part of the farm of his son, William H., who received a deed of it when eighteen years of age, and be- gan the improvement of the place in 1859. William H. served in the late war till its close. He enlisted August 8, 1862, in Com- pany F, Seventy-third Illinois Infantry, and participated in several engagements, among which were the battles of Perryville and Stone River. After the close of the war he lived with his father till his death. His mother died in 1858. After his father's death he settled on his farm in Hurlbut Township. His brother now owns and occupies the homestead farm in Sangamon County. William Van Meter was married December 23, 1869, to Catherine Clarey, who was born in Toledo, Ohio. They are the parents of four children living — Abram, Seymour, Clarence and Eugene. A son, John, died at the age of two years. l^ CHAPTEE XXVI. LAENNA TOWNSHIP. Description. — List of Township Offioia.ls, 1867-'85. — Statis- tics. — Political. — Latham. — Biogkaphical. The township of Laenna is in the soutiieast part of Logan County, in the eastern tier of townships, and is bounded as follows: On the north by ^tna Township, east by Macon County, south by Lake Fork Township and west by Mt. Pulaski Township. The greater part of the township is within a Y formed by the Illinois Central and Peoria, Decatur & Evansville railroads, the former running northeast through the northern part, and the latter south- east through the southera part. Latham is the only railroad sta- tion in the township. township officeks. Below is a list of the officers elected each year since the adop- tion of township organization: 1867— Supervisor, John L. Waddell; Clerk, C. C. Burton; As- sessor, J. T. Hackney; Collector, Thomas S. Clark; Highway Com- missioners, Washington Skinner, Matthew T. Yaughn and George W. Harcourt; Justices, Jesse Jackson and D. W. Clark; Consta- bles, J. H. Peters and J. S. Clark, 1868— Supervisor, John S. "Waddell; Clerk, Jacob L. Ring; As- eessor, Amos Copeland; Collector, Thomas H. Douglas; Highway Commissioner, Matthew T. Yaughn. 1869— Supervisor, Jacob L. Ring; Clerk, Richard H. Temple- man; Assessor, M. H. Kretzinger; Collector, Allen Lucas; High- way Commissioners, J. T. Hackney, William Rupp and Amos Copeland. 1871— Supervisor, James H. Ring; Clerk, R. H. Templeman; Assessor, Milton Patterson; Collector, George W. Coakley; High- way Commissioners, William E. Williams and William Rupp; Justices, D. W. Clark and William Kretzinger; Constables, Edwin R. Allen and Joseph Galloway. 1872— Supervisor, James H. Ring; Clerk, John S. Waddell ; (723) J © 4- 724 HISTORY OF LOGAN COgNTf. Assessor, Josepli Galloway ; Collector, George W. Coaklej ; High- way Commissioners, Robert D. Clark andErhard Stoll. 1873 — Supervisor, R. H. Templeman; Clerk, Matthew T. Yaughn; Assessor, Amos Copeland; Collector, John "Weckel; Highway Commissioners, Jacob Voile and Erhard Stoll; Justices, D. W. Clark and W. H. Kretzinger; Constables, Augustus Reider- man and Noah Allison. 1874 — Supervisor, R. H. Templeman; Clerk, M. T. Banghton; Assessor, R. D. Cook; Collector, Joseph Galloway; Highway Com- missioner, "William Rupp. 1875 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell ; As- sessor, C. L. Castello; Collector, John Hans; Highway Commis- sioner, Jacob Voile; Justices, William H. Kretzinger and David "W. Clark; Constables, "William H. Castello and Isaac T. Clark. 1876 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell; As- sessor, Robert D. Clark; Collector, Matthew T.Vaughn; Highway Commissioner, Erhard Stoll. 1877 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell; As- sessor, Matthew T. Vaughn; Collector, John Hans; Highway Com- missioner, William Rupp; Justices, D. W. Clark and William H. Kretzinger; Constables, Isaac L. Clark and William T. Gasaway. 1878 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell; As- sessor, James A. Ducker; Collector, John Lucas; Highway Com- missioner, Daniel Ring; Justice, Robert D. Clark; Constable, Benjamin Harding. 1879 — Supervisor, AUe'n Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell; Assessor, James A. Ducker; Collector, J. F. Huston; Highway Commis- sioner, Alfred H. Tomlinson; Justice, W. E.Williams; Constable, Frank Lyon. 1880— Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, John L. Waddell; As- sessor, James A. Ducker; Collector, A. J. Eddick; Highway Com- missioner, William Rupp; Justice, Christian Suedmeier; Constable, W. F. Henn. 1881 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, C. L. Castello; Assessor, James A. Dncker; Collector, John F. Huston; Highway Commis- sioner, Paulus Horn; Justices, G. W. Howe and Christian Sued- meier; Constables, T. W. Gannon and Joseph Keagle. 1882 — Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, C. L. Castello; Assessor, George W. Howe; Collector, John F. Huston; Highway Commis- sioner, Alfred H. Tomlinson; Justice, George Barr; Constables, W. Y. Gasaway and S. W. Ross. f LAENNA TOWNSHIP. Y25 1883— Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, C. E. Joynt; Assessor, -C. L. Castello; Collector, J. F. Huston; Highway Commissioner, Joseph Galloway; Justice, John D. Gasaway; Constable, S. W. Ross. 1884— Supervisor, Allen Lucas; Clerk, C. E. Joynt; Assessor, C. L#Castello; Collector, J. F. Huston. 1885— Supervisor, W. H. Kretzinger; Clerk, C. E. Joynt; Assessor, C. L. Castello; Collector, J. F. Huston; Highway Commissioner, C Schroote; Justices, R Clark and A. Simpson; Constables, J. Keagle and J. A. Colvin. STATISTICS. Laenna Township had 691 inhabitants in 1870, and 1,090 in 1880 —the largest relative increase shown by all the townships of Logan County between those two dates. The property and taxation in 1875 and 1885 are here stated: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $690.64; State tax, $2,072.84; county tax, $1,381.90; town tax, $138.18; school tax, $3,437.05; road tax, $257.21; road and bridge tax, $690.95; sinking fund tax, $690.95; county bond tax, $898.23; back tax, $16.06; total taxes, $9,583.37. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $420,141; State tax, $1,452.19; county tax, $2,696.94; road and bridge tax, $2,489.59; county bond interest tax, $539.40; district school tax, $3,014.89; district road tax, $152.28; dog tax, $105; back taxes, with costs and interest, :$29.41; total taxes, $10,479.70. POLITICAL. Laenna was Republican for two or three years in its early history, 'but for the last fifteen years it has been Democratic by increasing majorities. Below is the vote for President each campaign since 1868: .1868-Ulysses B. Grant 100 31 Horatio Seymour 69 1872— Horace Greeley 84 5 Ulys3es 8. Grant 79 ^876- Samuel J. Tilden 131 11 Rutherford B. Hayes. .130 1880— "Winfleld S. Hancock. . .150 55 James A. Garfield 95 James B. "Weaver 5 Neal Dow 1 1884— Grover Cleveland 158 56 James G. Blaine 102 Benj. F. Butler 1 LATHAM is situated in the southeast corner of the township, on sections 35 and 36, and is a station on the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Rail- i.road. It was named in honor of Colonel Latham, of Lincoln, who was prominently connected with the building of that road. The C. Snyder & Sons, tile factory; Coddington & Barrett, grain and coal; Z. K. Wood & Co., grain and coal. Latham has a population of about 300, and was incorporated in September, 1884. The officers for that year were: Trustees, W. H. Kretzinger (President), W. F. Henn, J. F. Huston, Peter Maus, Charles Sherman and Charles L. Castello; Clerk, J. A. Gol- vin; Justice, George W. Howe; Constable, C. E. Joynt. The officers for 1885 are: Trustees, W. F. Henn (President), W. H. Kretzinger^ Charles L. Castello, Joseph Shores, L. Parrish and F. M. Martin;. Clerk, J. A. Colvin; Treasurer, J. S. Clark; Justice, George W.. Howe; Constable, Joseph Howe. The first postmaster here was J. W. Coi'bett. His successors have been: W. H. Owen, B. F. Dardin and J. A. Colvin. Mortimer Zodffe, No. 35, ^. P., was organized about 1873. It meets every week and has a membership of from fifteen to twenty- The present officers are: C. A. Holbrook, C. C. ; D. Drentlinger, V. C; N". P. Gasaway, P.; N. Allison, M. of Ex.; John Wilkin-^ son, M. of F.; B. F. Dardin, K. of R. & S.; W. D. Griffin, Rep. In 1875 a two-story school-house was erected, which is now oc- cupied. It is an ungraded school, under township control. The Methodist Episcopal church was erected in the spring of 1873.. The congregation had been organized in a school-house about a mile west of the village. The pastor now is Rev. Dr. Davis, who holds services here every two weeks. The Baptists were organized in "Two-Mile Grove," in the school-house, and in the autumn of 1872 removed their place of worship to Latham, where they erected LA.TSNNA TOWNSHIP. 727 a church the following year. They usually have services every two weeks, but at present no meetings are held. Their last pastor was Rev. Joseph Hawkins. BIOGRAPHICAL. John Aiier, section 34, Laenna Township, is a native of Wurtein- berg, Germany, born January 2, 1830, a son of Martin Auer. He was reared in his native country, and in June, 1853, came to the United States; and from Buffalo, went to Niagara Falls, New York, where he worked till the following fall. He then came to Logan County and worked about five years by the month. He was a poor man when he came to Logan County, but was industrious and eco- nomical, and had accumulated quite a property when he was nn- Ibrtimate and lost it all. He then commenced again with renewed energy, and now has a good farm of 170 acres in the homestead and 160 acres in Shelby County, Iowa. His family are equally energetic and to their aid he owes much of his success. Mr. Auer was married in March, 1858, to Barbara Kreuz, and to them have been born four children — John, Caroline and Charles Frederick (twins), and Samuel. Caroline is deceased. Mr. Auer and his wife are members of the Evangelical Association. Christian Bechmann, farmer and stock-raiser, section 20, La- enna Township, was born in Saxony, Germany, February 26, 1828, a son of Christian Bechmann. He lived in his native country till manhood and was there married, and, in 1854, came to the United States. He lived in Columbus, Ohio, till 1857, and then came to Logan County, Illinois, and settled where he now lives, in Laenna Township. He has been a successful agriculturist and now owns 355 acres of valuable land, and his residence and farm buildings are among the best in the township. Mr. Bechmann was married in 1853 to Johannah, daughter of Christian Gessner. Of the six children born to them but three are living — Frank, Charles and Ida. Frank is a resident of Nebraska. Ida is the wife of Richard "Webir, of St. Louis, Missouri, and has two chil- dren. Mr. Bechmann and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Daniel Buehier, eection 1, Laenna Township, was born in Baden, Germany, February 26, 1817, a son of Jacob Bnehler. He came to the United States in 1854, and worked in Sullivan County, New York, two years, and in 1856 came to Illinois and lived near Lin- coln, Logan County, till 1872, when he bought the farm where he IfT 728 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. now lives, containing 160 acres of valuable land. He has been- industrious and frugal and by these means has accumulated his- propertj. Mr. Buehler was married in October, 1847, to Mary Summ, daughter of George Summ. Eight children have been born to them, but six of whom are living — Daniel, Mary, Fannie C, Emma, Emiel and Louie. One daughter, Louisa, wife of Cobus Leeseman, died September 17, 1885, aged twenty-five years. Daniel married Matilda Rummel and has four children — Daniel, Herman, Minnie and "Walter. Mary married Brown Leeseman and has six children — Emma, Louisa, Daniel, Maude, Frank and Edward. Fannie married William Hagenbuch and has had five children, but three of whom, Albert, Ellen and Louise, are living. Daniel and. Edward were drowned while bathing in Salt Creek in the summer of 1885. Mr. Buehler and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Ezra Clark, section 7, Laenna Township, was born in Yates^ Orleans County, New York, May 15, 1830. His father, John Clark, a native of New Jersey, moved with his family to Miami- County, Ohio, in the fall of 1837, and the following spring to what is now Logan County, Illinois, and settled on what was called the Lost Tract, now ^tna Township, where he died in March, 1855. Ezra Clark was reared in Logan County, obtaining his education in the subscription schools, the first he attended being taught in his father's stable. He was married November 26, 1850, to Sarah A., daughter of Richard W. Clark, a pioneer of Logan County. Of the eight children born to them six are living — Harriet N., Lodo- iska J., Ann P., David M., Ellen L. and Fannie L Harriet mar- ried Dr. E. N. Wheeler, of Latham, and has one child — Edith ;^ Ann married John D. Israel, of Hitchcock County, Nebraska, and has three children — Ezra C, Jessie and Grover. Ellen married Henry Jimeson, of McPherson County, Kansas, and has an infant son. Mr. Clark is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. John A. Colvin, merchant and Postmaster at Latham, Illinois, is a native of Logan County, born in Lake Fork Township, January 20, 1853. His father, Levi Colvin, came from Bracken County, Kentucky, to Illinois, in 1851, and lived a year in Sangamon County, moving to Logan County in 1852. John A.. Colvin was reared and educated in Logan County and engaged in agricultural pursuits till twenty-five years of age. He then taught two winter terms of school and, in 1879, located in Latham and was employed as clerk sixteen months. He then formed a partnership with K. B. Z^ A LABNNA TOWNSHIP. 729 Ooddington, in the ajeneral mercantile business, and in 1882 bought Mr. Coddington's interest and has since continued the business alone. He carries a full line of goods, his stock being valued at $5,000, and does an annual business of $20,000. He was appointed postmaster in September, 1885, a position he is well qualified to fill. Mr. Colvin was married in 1876 to Carrie Huston, who lived but a short time after their marriage. William F. Henn, dealer in hardware and agricultural imple- ments, Latham, was born in Lake Fork Township, Logan County, December 3, 1853. His father. Christian Henn, was a native of Germany, and came to the United States in 1852, locating in this county. William F. was reared and educated in the rural districts till fifteen years old, when he went to Mt. Pulaski and attended school two years. He then worked a year in the tin-shop of C. R. Copps, two years in Copps' flour-mill and four years in the tin- shop of George F. Reinhardt. In 1877 he came to Latham and formed a partnership with his former employer, buying his inter- est in 1878. He carries a full line of general hardware, stoves, tinware, kitchen furniture, agricultural implements and farm ma- chinery. Mr. Henn was married March 20, 1878, to Mary A., daughter of William Wagener. Jokn Horn, section 17, Laenna Township, was born in Mt. Pu- laski Township, La Salle County, Illinois, December 27, 1847, a son of Henry Horn, a native of Germany, who came to the United States in 1844, and to Logan County, Illinois, in 1845. John Horn was reared a farmer, a vocation he has always followed successfully, owning now 120 acres of valuable land. He was married in March, 1873, to Maggie, daughter of John Fishbauch, of Mt. Pulaski Township. They have three children — Minnie, George and Walter. In politics Mr. Horn is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. JRev. Isaac Kretzinger was born in Shenandoah County, Vir- ginia, in 1814. "His father, George Kretzinger, was a native of Germany, and was brought by his parents to America when a child. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Isaac Kretzinger is a self- made and self-educated man, never attending school but twenty- one days. When a young man he was employed in a carding- mill in the summer, and engaged in teaming in the winter. In 1833 he united with the United Brethren church, and in 1838 was or- dained a minister. He was actively engaged in the work of a Chris- tian minister till 1880, and twenty-four years of the time was presid- l^ 4^ 730 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. ing elder. He came to Illinois ia 1853, and was living near Car- thage, Hancock County, at the time Joe Smith was killed. In 1862 he moved to McDonough County, thence to Warren County in 1864, to Knox County in 1867, and to Logan County in March, 1873, locating where he now lives. Mr. Kretzinger was married to Mary Detrick, of Maryland, who died four months after their marriage. His second wife was Elizabeth Oglesby, a relative of Governor Oglesby. Five of their six children are living — Will- iam H., George W., Sarah J., Nancy M. and Joseph T. One son, Isaac, died in the fifth year of his age. Mrs. Kretzinger died June 11, 1883. April 1, 1884, Mr. Kretzinger married Sarah E., daugh- ter of George Nail. His sons, George and Joseph, are prominent attorneys of Chicago, Illinois. The former was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and was taken captive at Independence, Mis- souri, but escaped from the hands of the rebels. Mr. Kretzinger has a good f^rm of 240 acres, all under cultivation. Conrad Kusterer, farmer and stock-raiser, section 9, Laenna Township, is a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born March 20, 1829. In 1853 he came to the United States, and settled in Logan County, Illinois, living in Mt. Pulaski Township nine years. In 1862 he moved to Sangamon County, and in 1870 returned to Logan County and located on his present farm, where he owns 225 acres of valuable land with good improvements. Mr. Kusterer was married in May, 1851, to Caroline Bauer, daughter of Conrad Bau«r. They huve seven children — Minnie, Frederick, John, Louis, Mary, Edward and Samuel. Minnie married Christ Shroat; John married Kate Bressmer, and Mary is the wife of Gerhardt Rent- meister. AH save the latter live in Laenna Township. Mr. Kus- terer and his family are members of the Evangelical Association. Henry Leimbach, section 3, Laenna Township, was born in Hesse Cassel, Germany, February 11, 1825. He came to the United States in 1847, and lived the first year in Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana, working on the canal at $12 a, month. In 1848 he came to Logan County, Illinois, and lived near Mt. Pulaski, working for $10 a month till January 29, 1852, when, in company with six others, he went to California, via the Panama route, and was six months in making the journey. When he reached Panama there were 14,000 people waiting for the steamer, which made only one trip a week. He landed in San Francisco, August 19, 1852, and remained in California, engaged in mining, till May, 1854, when he returned to Illinois and purchased a part of what is now ;r LAENNA TOWNSHIP. 731 his fine farm, paying $1,500 for his first 100 acres. "When Mr. Leiinbach came to America he was a poor man, but by hard work and economy he lias been successful, and now owns 600 acres of choice land, for which he paid from $12 to $45 an acre, and his improvements are among the best in the township. He was mar- ried in 1855 to Kate Luetterle, who died in 1864. Of the four children born to them two are living — Henry and Michael. Henry married Annie Reik, and has two children — Dora and Kate. Michael married Mary Shaffenacker, and has two children — George and an infant daughter. In 1866 Mr. Leimbach married Dora Brundau. To them have been born seven children, hut one of whom, Henry "William, is living. Mr. and Mrs. Leimbach are members of the Lutheran church. Mon. Allen Lucas, section 32, Laenna Township, was born in Logan County, March 27, 1837, a son of Thomas Lucas, one of the early settlers of Logan County. He was reared and educated in Laenna Township, and from his early manhood has taken an in- terest in its material and social welfare. He has been an efficient worker in several official capacities. Since attaining his majority he has held some school office, at present being trustee. He has been supervisor ten years, and chairman of the board seven years; he has been assessor and collector one year each. In 1880 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and while there intro- duced a bill in the interest of the Institute for Feeble-Minded Children, at Lincoln, which was substituted by Senate bill aild passed, and the appropriation made. Mr. Lucas was married August 14, 1856, to Judith E. Waddell, a native of Madison County, Illinois, born June 12, 1838, daughter of Thomas S. Waddell. To them was born ten children, but seven of whom are living— Mary P., Laura A., Emma C, Myrtice E., Minnie I., Thomas S. and Clarence E. Mrs. Lucas died January 30, 1877. April 3, 1878, Mr. Lucas married Margaret E. Hamilton, daughter of Daniel Hamilton. They have three children — George E., Estella M. and Allen T. Mr. Lucas has a fine farm of 280 acres, but makes a specialty of raising fine stock. Peter Maus, grain merchant, Latham, Illinois, was born in Nas- sau, Germany, October 20, 1838. His father, Conrad Maus, brought his family to the United States in the fall of 1853, and lived in Peoria, Illinois, till the spring of 1854, when he came to Logan County, and is now a resident of Mt. Pulaski Township. Peter was educated in his native country, his knowledge of the 46 ^RT 732 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. English language being obtained by his contact with the American people. He followed agricultural pursuits till November, 1882, when he located in Latham, and has since engaged in his present business. He enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in Company B, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and served three years, the most of his service being guard duty. He was married Febru- ary 1, 1866, to Louise Zimmerman, daughter of John Zimmerman, of Mt. Pulaski Township. To them have been born seven chil- dren, but two of whom are living — Henry and Ettie (twins). Four children died of diphtheria within seven weeks in the fall of 1877 — a daughter, Annie, aged fifteen years ; Philip, aged nine years ; Sophia, aged seven years, and an infant. Mr. Maus was reared in the faith of the Lutheran church. Edward Heese, a representative of one of the pioneer families of Laenna Township, was born on the old homestead on section 6, where he now lives, a son of John Reese. He was reared a farmer, receiving a good education in the common schools. He was married March 12, 1874, to Jessie Fisher, daughter of Samuel Fishei', of Belle Plain, Kansas. They have three children — Harry, Albert and Pearl. Elder James H. Ring^ section 16, Laenna Township, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, July 27, 1840, a son of G-eorge Ring. He was reared and educated in his native county, working in his youth on his father's farm. When twenty-two years of age he was or- dained a minister in the Old School Baptist church, and has since then devoted the greater part of the time to the work of the min- istry. He came to Logan County in the fall of 1868, having lived one year in De "Witt and two in McLean County. He has been pastor of the Lake Fork church fifteen years, and at present also has charge of South Fork church, in Christian County, Bufi"alo Hart, in Sangamon County, and Lebanon, in Logan County. When he c^me to Logan County he settled on the farm in Laenna Township where he has since lived. He owns 200 acres of valu- able land, and his improvements are among the best in the town- ship. He was married October 16, 1861, to Mary J. Simpson, daughter of George Simpson. Of the ten children born to them eight are living — Charles, George, William, Thomas, Fannie M., Samuel, Grace and Nellie. Mr. Ring has served his township two years as supervisor, and one year as collector. Anton Romer, farmer, section 20, Laenna Township, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, December 19,1835. His father, Anton %^ ,9 ^ LAENNA TOWNSHIP. 733 Komer, was killed in 1866, by falling from the sixth story of a building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1855 our subject came to the United States, and when he had reached New York City had not money sufficient to pay the drayage of his trunk, and the dray- man took it, and he was left in a strange country with no money nor friends. However he was assisted by a stranger to reach Philadelphia, where the day following his arrival he obtaimed em- ployment. He lived in Pennsylvania three years, and then came to Illinois, and lived in Sangamon County till 1863, when he lo- cated on his present farm in Logan County. He has by hard work acquired a good farm of 134 acres, which is well improved, and his buildings are second to none in the township. Mr. Romer was married September 12, 1864, to Mary, daughter of John Bol- lin. Of the eight children born to them six are living — Joseph, George, Jacob, Herman, Anton and Agnes. Oottleib Bommel, section 22, Laenna Township, was born in Wnrtemberg, Germany, December 17, 1825, a son of George Eommel. He remained in his native country till manhood, and in 1852 came to the United States, living two years in the State of New Jersey. In 1854 he moved to Illinois and lived two years in Jacksonville, and nine years in Sangamon County. He was a hard-working man and frugal, but was unable to save much frona his earnings and when he came to Logan County, in 1865, he had but $60. He located on section 22, Laenna Township, near his present residence, where he has been more successful, owning at the present time 240 acres of valuable land. Mr. Rommel was married February^lS, 1858, to Elizabeth Shue, daughter of Henry Shne. To them have been born five children; but four are living —Henry, Lucy, Minnie and Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Rommel are members of the Lutheran church. Christian Rupp, section 27, Laenna Township, was born in "Wnrtemberg, Germany, May 28, 1841. His father, George Rupp, brought his family to the United States in 1852, and settled in Logan County, Illinois, and is still a resident of Mt. Pulaski Township. Christian Rupp was reared a farmer, and his educational advantages were but limited, being mainly obtained by his own efforts. He has been a auccessful agriculturist, and now owns 200 acres of valuable land. He was married December 3, 1868, to Ida, daughter of "William Schweigckardt, of Lincoln, Illinois. Mrs. Rupp died March 10, 1885. She was an exemplary, Christian woman, devoted wife and mother and kind neighbor and 734 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. friend. To Mr. and Mrs. Rupp were born seven children — Min- nie, Katie, Sophie, Flora, Benjamin, John and Lula. Mr. Rupp and his family are members of the Lutheran church. David Shelhammer, farmer and stock-raiser, section 6, Laenna Township, was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, August 5, 1830, a son of Jacob Shelhammer. He was reared in his native county, and after reaching manhood, in 1859, came West and located in Logan County, Illinois. He worked by the month for a time after coming to Illinois, and by economy soon had money enough to buy a tract of laud, to which he has added and now has 684 acres of valuable land, which is one of the finest farms in Laenna Township. He was married in 1868 to Delilah Downing, and to them have been born five children; but four are living — James, Sarah, Albert and Augusta M. Andy Slinpson, retired farmer, Latham, was born in St. Clair County, Illinois, April 25, 1824, a son of "William H. and Rebecca (Kinney) Simpson, the former a native of England and the latter of Monroe County, Illinois. His mother was a daughter of Samuel and niece of ex-Governor William Kinney, and was often taken to the old fort at New Design for protection from the In- dians. Andy Simpson was reared and educated in his native county, remaining there until twenty-six years of age. In 1850 he came to Logan County and lived one year in Mt. Pulaski Town- ship. In 1851 he moved to Laenna Township, and in 1853 to Lake Fork Township, where he lived till his removal to Latham. He has a fine farm of 250 acres, all under cultivation, with good im- provements. He began life for himself when thirteen years of age, and worked for $5 a month, and for several winters split rails at 50 cents a hundred. After reaching manhood he worked for $9 a month. His property has been made by hard work and good management. He has served his township as highway commis- sioner two terms and has twice been elected justice of the peace but refused to serve. He was married March 7, 1848, to Arminda Waddel), daughter of Andrew W. Waddell, an early settler in Madison County. Of the seven children born to them five are living — Minora, EmmittW., Laura J., Emma A., and Annie K. William A. died aged five years. Mary L. had reached maturity and was married. The family are all, save Emmitt, members of the Baptist church. Da-did Sims, deceased, born in Charlotte County, Virginia, Jan- uary 22, 1801. At eighteen he went to Henry County, Kentucky, sr t ^ f>lf- LAENNA TOWNSHIP. 735 where he married, in 1822, Elizabeth Elston, born 1805, in Henry County, Kentucky. In 1825 they moved from Logan County, Kentucky, to Morgan County, Illinois, bringing three children and all worldly possessions in a two-wheeled cart. He worked about Beardstown, Illinois, a long time, and in February, 1830, with Eli- iah Friend, came to Logan County, Illinois. Each made a claim, David Sims claiming the land on which he lived and died, and where he built, a few feet east of the present house, a cabin of logs, 12x14 feet. Into this, with only the ground for floor, a clapboard roof, and a hole cut in the side for a window, he moved his family in the spring of 1830. During the following winter, that of the deep snow, much hardship was endured by this pioneer family. His trusty rifle (which is still in the family) was their main reli- ance for food, and did effective work among the deer, turkeys and plentiful game of fifty years ago. During the summer he had cleared a " patch" in the timber, as he had no plow — and when win- ter came on found it a hard day's work to go to the farm of Geo. Girtman, "snap" a sack of corn and "tote" it home through snow waist deep. The corn was pounded in an iron mortar, as there was no way of going to mill, even had there been one. Hoads, bridges, etc., were not thought of. Springfield, then a log settle- ment, was their market, postoSice and county seat. For three years David Sims did not have a cent in cash of his own. A note of hand is yet in the family, given for 75 cents, which he borrowed to pay postage on three letters, which some one was good enough to loan on the security mentioned. His first plow was a home- made affair, with a wooden moldboard, and his first cart a four- wheeled affair, also of his own manufacture— had wheels sawed off the end of oak logs, a foot thick at the hub and beveled down to three inches at the rim. It was a good wagon for those days, though a terror to all animate objects when not greased. In 1846 he gave ten milch cows for a spoke wagon, valued at $50. Fat steers, weighing from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds, sold at $16, and all live-stock relatively low at this time. In 1838 his house and all con- tents was burned, and he then built the house where his son, D. H. Sims, now lives, it being one of Logan. County's old landmarks. Mr. Sims acquired a fine farm of 400 acres, reared a family of ten children and died February 19, 1880. He was aWhig and Repub- lican, and a man of remarkably domestic habits. He made only one visit out of Logan County after settling in it, and for three 7 s"- — ^ ^ '-^ 736 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COtTNTT. consecutive years did not leave his ov?n farm. His wife died March 15, 1872. Both buried at Mt. Pulaski. D. H. Sims, section 34, P. O. Latham, was born July 8, 1838, in the house where he now lives. In 1859 he went to Marshall County, Iowa, where he married, July 4, 1860, Ann Birks, who was born June 30, 1845, in Laenna Township, daughter of James and Mercy (Turner) Birks. D. H. Sims enlisted in 1861, in Com- pany II, Thirteenth Iowa Yolunteer Infantry, an,d served five years as a brave and faithful Union soldier. Fought at Shiloh and the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg. Was about six months in General Sherman's secret service. At Meridian, Mississippi, he entered the Confederate lines in the guise of a "historian," pro- ducing letters, passes, etc., purporting co have been signed by Gen- eral Jos. E. Johnston. He worked his ruse successfully, secured the needed surveys and information, and re-entered the Union lines. For this daring work he was commissioned Second Lieutenant, and in Februaiy, 1863, was assigned to the Fifty-first Colored Volun- teer Infantry. He saw much danger and was in close quarters, bullets cutting his hat, clothing and canteen. At the charge on Fort Blakely, Mobile, he was severely wounded by the explosion of a field torpedo, which killed twelve men of his company. His left thigh was broken and ankle injured. After the war he was three years in mercantile business at Maroa, Illinois; then a year in business and cattle trade at Pilot Point, Texas. Has since re- sided on and now owns the Laenna homestead. Is a practical surveyor, and had four-years experience in Northern Texas. Poli- tics, Republican. Has three children — Clara May, Myrtle E. and David Benjamin. Two brothers of D. H. Sims, namely, B. F. Sims and John Sims, were in the Union army during the Rebell- ion, the former dying at Memphis, Tennessee. Erhard Stoll, section 9, Laenna Township, was born in Wur- temberg, Germany, December 2, 1842. In 1846 his father, Er- hard StoU, brought his family to the United States and lived a year in Springfield, Illinois. In 1847 he moved to Logan County, and settled in Laenna Township, where he died in 1860. Erhard, Jr., was reared a farmer in this county, and here obtained his edu- cation in the common schools. He is one of the prosperous citi- zens of the township, having a good farm of 185 acres. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, and has some of the finest animals in the county. He has always taken an interest in all public enter- prises, and has held different official positions of trust and respon- ■^=ipr ik^ LAENNA TOWNSHIP. 737 sibility. He was married January 26, 1865, to Annie Mayers, daughter of John Mayers, an early settler of Mt. Pulaski Town- ship. They have eight children — Elizabeth, Sarah A., Mary, An- nie, Emma, Frederick, Charles E. and Henry. Matthew Stoll, section i, Laenna Township, was born in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, March 6, 1844:, a son of Er- hard Stoll. He was reared a farmer, a vocation he has always fol- lowed with success, and now owns 340 acres of valuable land. He pays special attention to stock-raising, his cattle being of the im- proved grades. Mr. Stoll was married February 11, 1868, to Mary Gelbach, daughter of Jacob Gelbach. She died in October, 1873, leaving two children — Jacob and Cicilia. March 30, 1875, Mr. Stoll married Christina, daughter of Jacob Voile, of Spring- field, Illinois. They have had four children, but three of whom are living — Minnie, George and Frederick. Mr. and Mrs. Stoll are members of the Lutheran church. Alfred S. Tomllnson, farmer, section 18, Laenna Township, is a native of this township, born April 12, 1842, a son of Isaac Tom- linaon, an early settler of Logan County, now of Mt. Pulaski Township. He was reared a farmer, and educated in the Mt. Pu- laski schools, remaining at home till the breaking out of the Ee- bellion, when he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. Since his return home he has engaged in farm- ing, and now owns 160 acres of valuable land. In politics he is a Republican. He was married October 18, 1866, to Lucy C. Wil- s )n, daughter of Hiram Wilson, an old settler of Logan County. They have four children — Arminta M., George A., Walter L. and John M. Matthew 2. Vaughan, section 24, Laenna Township, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, June 8, 1828. His father, Joseph Yanghan, brought the family to America in 1833, and settled in Centerville, Bourbon County, Kentucky, and in 1846 moved to Cynthiana, Harrison County, the same State. Matthew was reared and educated in Kentucky. In 1855 he came to Illinois and lived in Sangamon County ten years, and in 1865 came to Logan County. He is by trade a mason, and works at it in con- nection with farming. He owns 320 acres of valuable land, and his improvements are among the best in the township. He makes a specialty of raising horses of the Clydesdale-Lexington breeds, and has some of the finest stock in the county. He has always taken an active interest in all enterprises of public benefit, and has "ap -^ 738 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. held several official relations, snch as township clerk, assessor and collector, and school director. Mr. Yaughan was married July 29, 1849, to Maria A., daughter of Hamilton Casey. To them have heen horn eight children, but three of whom are living — John M., George W. and Mollie A. John married Nancy Eliza- beth Curry, and has three children — Cora, Frank T. and Carrie. George Weller, farmer and stock-raiser,' section 27, Laenna Township, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, April 20, 1832. He was reared in his native country, and when a young man, in the spring of 1852, came to the United States and settled in Broad- well Township, Logan County, Illinois. He was a poor young man when he came to America, and at first worked by the month, but by frugality and good management saved his wages and has acquired a fortune, having now 840 acres of the best land in the township, and is one of the most prosperous and influential farmers of Logan County. He was married in 1863 to Elizabeth Brooker, and to them have been born six children, four of whom are living — Annie, Kate, Louise and Henry. Mrs. Weller died in 1878. Mr. Weller is a member of the Lutheran church. In poli- tics he afliliates with the Democratic party. William E. Williams, section 2, Laenna Township, was born in Oneida County, JSfew York, May 3, 1840, a son of William Williams, a native of Wales. He was reared in his native county, attending the schools of Whitestown. He came West in 1857 and located in Logan County, Illinois, where he has since lived. He has devoted his attention to agriculture, and now owns a fine farm of 165 acres. He also owns an interest in the ^tna Tile Works near Chestnut and a general store in Chestnut. In the war of the Rebellion Mr. Williams enlisted in Company E, One Hun- dred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and served until the end of the war, when he was honorably discharged, the most of his service being guard duty. He was married December 26, 1865, to Sarah E., daughter of William Donnan, of JEtna Township. To them have been born eight children, of whom six are living — William S., Benjamin F., John L., Priscilla A., Ruth L. and Rose A. Mr. Williams has served as highway commissioner one year, and di- rector of his school district fifteen years. George O. Yocom, farmer and stock-raiser, section 14, Laenna Township, was horn in Sangamon County, Illinois, December 2, 1847. His father, Stephen Yocom, was a native of Kentucky and a pioneer of Sangamon County. He was reared a farmer, receiving k^ LAENNA TOWNSHIP. 739 a common-school education in his native county, and in 1874 came to Logan County and settled on the farm where he now lives. He has been a successful agriculturist and stock-raiser, and owns a fine farm of 280 acres, all under cultivation, with a good residence and farm buildings. Mr. Yocom was married July 10, 1873, to Laura A. Young, daughter of Hiram J. Young, of Newton County, Missouri. They have three children— Clyde H., Claude M. and Jessie M. Mr. Yocom is a member of the Masonic fraternity and has taken the Knight Templar degrees. 71< =iRr i '^ CHAPTER XXVII. LAKE FORK TOWNSHIP. Location. — Township Officeks, 1867-'85. — Statistics.^— Polit- ICAIi. BlOGKAPHIOAL. Lake Fork is the smallest township in Logan County, and has the least population. It is six miles east and west, and three north and south, making eighteen sections. It occupies the south- east corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by Laenna Township, on the east by Macon County, on the south by Sanga- mon County, and on the west by Elkhart Township. Its north- east corner is just touched by the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroad. The township is drained by Lake Fork of Salt Creek. TOWNSHIP OFFIOEES. Below are given the names of those elected each year to the re- spective township offices: 1867 — Supervisor, James D. Gasaway; Clerk, Nicholas B. Gas- away; Assessor, John D. Gasaway; Collector, Levi Colvin; High ■way Commissioners, John M. Gasaway, ^A. Delissa and John Bothwell; Justice, William H. Gasaway; Constable, Jason Birks. 1868 — Supervisor, James D. Gasaway; Clerk, James Roe; As- sessor, John D. Gasaway; Collector, Levi Colvin; Highway Com- missioners, John M. Gasaway, Andy Simpson and William Rupp; Justice, William H. Gasaway; Constable, Jason Birks. 1869 — Supervisor, James D. Gasaway; Clerk, Erastus Gas- away; Assessor, John D. Gasaway; Collector, James W. Gas- away; Highway Commissioner, Lafayette Purdom. 1870 — Supervisor, Abraham Lucas; Clerk, James A. Ducker; Assessor, Henry Hall, Collector, John Simpson; Highway Com- missioner, John Henn. 1871 —Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, W. Y. Gas- away; Assessor, Thomas Purdom; Collector, John L. Mann; High- way Commissioner, Noah Allison; Justice, Anderson Horn; Con- stable, Erastus Gasaway. (140) ^[^ A LAKE FORK TOWNSHIP. 741 1872 — Supervisor, Levi Colvin; Olerk, William Y. Gasaway; Assessor, William Bowers; Collector, Johu L. Mann; Highway Commissioners, M. S. Colvin and Lafayette Purdom. 1873 — Supervisor, Henry Hall; Clerk, Samuel G. Kirkwood; Assessor, Thomas N. White; Collector, Erastus Gasaway; High- way Commissioner, John D. Gasaway; Justice, James W. Gasa- way; Constable, John Conaway. 1875 — Supervisor, Erastus Gasaway; Clerk, John Wells; As- sessor, John W. Field; Collector, Noah Allison; Highway Com- missioner, Jacob Huston; Justice, Henry Hall; Constable, Noah Allison. 1876— Supervisor, W. N. Gasaway; Clerk, N. W. Howe; As- sessor, W. G. Martin; Collector, Noah Allison; Highway Com- missioners, Henry Hackey and Lafayette Purdom; Justice, N. P. Gasaway. 1877 — Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, Thomas D. Howe; Assessor, W. G. Martin; Collector, N. W. Howe; High- way Commissioners, James W. Gasaway, James Allison and An- derson Horn; Justice, Erastus Gasaway; Constables, James Shores and John W. Wells. 1878— Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, Thomas D. Howe; Assessor, W. G. Martin; Collector, Noah Allison; High- way Commissioner, BLenry Hake; Constable, John W. Field. 1879— Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, Thomas D. Howe; Assessor, William D. Martin; Collector, JohnW. Wells; Highway Commissioner, Abram McKinuey; Justice, H. C. Girt- man; Constable, Samuel Martin. 1880— Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, Erastus Gasa- way; Assessor, John M. Gasaway; Collector, John W. Wells; Highway Commissioners, John S. Mann and Jacob Huston; Jus- tice, Ezekiel Fuller. 1881— Supervisor, William H. Gasaway; Clerk, Nicholas W. Howe; Assessor, Nicholas P. Gasaway; Collector, John S. Mann; Highway Commissioner, Jacob A. Shyer; Justices, Noah Allison and Erastus Gasaway; Constables, James Shores and Erastus Gas- away. 1882— Supervisor, William H. Gasaway ; Clerk, Henry C. Black- ford; Assessor, Nicholas P. Gasaway; Collector, JohnW. Wells; Highway Commissioner, Erastus Gasaway; Constable, James Shores. 1883— Supervisor, A. McKinney; Clerk, Nicholas W. Howe; f i*. 742 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Assessor, James Huston; Collector, ISIicholas P. Gasaway; High- way Commissioner, James McGee; Constable, John Henry. 1884 — Supervisor, Abraham McKinney; Clerk, Alexander Home; Assessor, "W. H. Gasaway; Collector, Nicholas P. Gasa- way; Highway Commissioner, Charles Simpson. 1885 — Supervisor, N. P. Gasaway; Clerk, Alexander Home; Assessor, John M. Gasaway; Collector, Thomas D. Howe; High- way Commissioner, JohnL. Mann; Justices, Erastus Gasaway and William Beckwith; Constables, Gilbert Mack and Anthony Gal- loway. STATISTICS. Lake Fork increased in population from 391 in 1870 to 431 in 1880. It now contains about 450 inhabitants. For comparison, the items of valuation and taxation in 1875 are here given, and those of 1885 just below: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $313,352; State tax, $940.06; county tax, $626.71; town tax, $125.35; school tax, $1,361.04; road tax, $67.82; road and bridge tax, $313.35; sinking fund tax, $313.35; county bond tax, $407.36; back tax, $115.73. Total taxes, $4, 270.77. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $180,109; State tax, $617.53; county tax, $1,146.85; township tax, $88.22; road and bridge tax, $529.31; county bond interest tax, $229.37; district school tax, $1,411.43; dog tax, $62; back taxes, with cost and interest, $98.34. Total taxes, $4,183.05. POLITICAL. Lake Fork is in political sentiment almost solidly Democratic. The following table shows the vote for President since the adop- tion of township organization; 1868— Horatio Seymour 94 70 Ulysses S. Grant 24 1873— Horace Greeley 83 74 Ulysses S Gram 8 1876— Samuel J. Tildja 78 61 Rutherford B. Hayes.. 17 Peter Cooper 2 1880— Wiudeld S, Hancock... 83 James A. Garfield 16 James B.AVeaver 1 67 1884— Grover Cleveland 85 70 James G. Blaine 15 John P. St. John 1 BIOGBAPHICAL. James Birhs, farmer and stock-raiser, section 15, Lake Fork Township, is a native of this township, born February 19, 1843, his father, William Birks, now of Decatur, being one of the pio- neers of Logan County. He has been a successful agriculturist. ^ LAKE FORK TOWNSHIP. 7i3 and now owns 400 acres of valuable land. He was married August 2, 1864, to Jane Gasaway, daughter of James D. Gasa- way, of this township. Mrs. Birks died January 4, 1885. She was a member of the Baptist church, and an exemplary Christian woman. Mr. Birks is an active member of the Baptist church. He has four children — John, Mary E., James W. and Albert M. One daughter, Sarah Y., is deceased. James D. Gasaw^y, farmer and stock-raiser, section 11, Lake Fork Township, was born in Ross County, Ohio, May 29, 1824. His father, Nicholas Gasaway, was a native of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, and a pioneer of Ross County, Ohio, and in 1855 moved to Logan County, Illinois. James D. remained in his native county till manhood, and in 1852 came to Logan County and settled where he has since lived, in Lake Fork Township. He owns 680 acres of valuable land, all under cultivation, and, although a poor man when he came to Illinois, is now one of the most prosperous farmers of Logan County. He has always followed agricultural pursuits, with the exception of three years, when he was engaged in the grocery business at Latham, and during that time was assistant postmaster. He was a member of the first Board of Supervisors of Logan County, and has since served as highway commissioner, township treas- urer, school treasurer and director. He is a public-spirited, influ- ential citizen, always zealous for tlie success of any enterprise of benefit to his township. He was married in February, 1846, to Martha J., daughter of William Colwell. To them have been born ten children, but seven of whom are living— Nicholas P., William A., Thomas A., Sophia, Mary, Estella and Anna. The deceased are — Curtis, Jane and Sarah. Nicholas P. Gasaway, section 14, Lake Fork Township, was born in Ross County, Ohio, March 4, 1848, a son of James D. Gas- away, of this township. He was reared on a farm, and has always given his attention to agriculture. He was married February 12, 1867, to Eliza J., daughter of David Shyer, an early settler of this county. They have five children— Thomas P., James D., Carrie E., Levi and John H. Mr. Gasaway has served the township two terms each as collector and assessor, several years as school director, and is now serving as supervisor. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and Knights of Pythias. Henry EaLl, section 2, Lake Fork Township, was born in Rens- selaer County, New York, April 16, 1829, a son of Gideon Hall, In December, 1839, his parents moved to Des Moines County, dV" -:..:^- ^\J- .. - ■" .... "^ « 74-i HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Iowa, and thence, in 1847, to Madison County, Illinois. In 1860 he went overland to California, and worked in the mines till the fall of 1851, when he returned to Illinois, and in the fall of 185^ came to Logan County and settled on the farm where he now lives. He owns 639 acres of fine land, and hia improvements- are among the best in the township. He has been one of the most prominent citizens of the township, and has i-epresented the people in several official relations. He has been a member of the Baptist church since March, 1852, and for about twenty years has been deacon. He was married September 23, 1852, to Yiolet C. , daughter of Thomas "Waddell. To them have been born ten children; but seven are living — Gideon, Abigail P., Mary F., Hattie E., Ida B., Oliver R. and Walter H. ■James Huston, farmer and stock-raiser, section 4, Lake Fork Township, is a representative of one of the pioneer families of Logan County. His father, John Huston, came to Illinois from Ohio in January, 1830, and camped by the side of a log in the woods, on what is now section 4, Lake Fork Township. Here he built a cabin of round logs, 14 x 16 feet in size, with puncheon floor, clapboard door, stick and mud chimney, and a hole cut in the logs for a window. The furniture was of the most primitive kind, the bedstead being made of poles fastened in the walls. In this rude liouse James Huston first saw the light of day June 9, 1880. At that time there were no schools in the township, and the first that our subject attended was a subscription school, taught in a rude log cabin. Their markets were Decatur and Springfield, and their nearest mill was on the Sangamon River. James Huston in his boyhood was obliged to assist his father in the labors of the farm, and was early inured to the mysteries of hard work. He thus learned lessons of industry that in later life have made him one of the successful citizens of his township. He now owns a large farm of 490 acres, a part of which was his father's old homestead. He pays special attention to breeding fine horses. His thorough- bred stallion, Sam Powers, is noted for his speed, and is one of the finest horses in this part of the country. Mr. Huston was mar- ried September 19, 1853, to Catharine A., daughter of George L. Poe. But fourof the ten Children born to them are living — Annie A., Jane, Eli D. and Lovina Alice. Jane married W. B. Gasaway and has one child — James Lewis. One daughter, Carrie Ellen, and one son, John L., died after reaching maturity. Carrie E. was the wife of J. A. Colvin. John married Emma N. Allison, and bV J- LAKE FORK TOWNSHIP. 745 his widow and child, Lewis Ethel, make their home with Mr. Hus- ton. Mr. Huston has served his township as assessor two years, and several terms as school director. James Whiteside, section 13, Lake Fork Township, was born in Eutherford County, North Carolina, April 6, 1817, a son of Will- iam F. Whiteside. He was reared in his native county, attending the log-cabin schools when his services were not required on the farm. In 1848 he came to Illinois, and lived in St. Clair County eleven years, and in 1859 moved to Logan County and settled on the farm where he now lives. He began life in limited circum- stances, working by the month several years, but by good manage- ment and frugality has been successful, and now owns a fine farm of 105 acres, all under cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are among the best in the township. He was married in June, 1849, to Elizabeth Pullin, daughter of John Pullin. She died June 2, 1862. Of their five children four are living — Sarah, Elizabeth, Louisa and John F. Elizabeth married Columbus Will- iams, of Macon County, Illinois, and has two children — Rosa and Ida. Louisa married John J. Giant, of Laenna Township, and has one child — Jennie. June 9, 1864, Mr. Whiteside married Mary J., daughter of Hardy Johnson. Their five children are all de- ceased. Mr. Whiteside has been a member of the Baptist church thirty years. l^ -^ CHAPTER XXVIII. MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. Geographical. — Official List. — Statistics. — Political. — Mt. Pulaski Village. — Eably Histoet. — Incobpoeation. — County Seat. — Miscellaneous Matters. — Schools. — Chueches. — Mis- cellaneous OeGANTZATIONS. BlOG RAPHICAL. This is the largest and one of the best townships in the county. It contains sixty square miles of land, being ten miles north and south by six east and west. It is bounded on the north by Chester Township, east by Laenna and Lake Fork townships, south by Sangamon County, and west by Elkhart Township. It is crossed by the Illinois Central and Peoria, Decatur & Evansville rail- roads. Salt Creek passes near the northern border, and Lake Fork drains the southern part of the township. OFFICIAL LIST. Below will be found the names of those elected to office in this township since 1867 : 1867 — Supervisor, Alexander Fisher; Clerk, Charles S. Capps; Assessor, George W. Howe; Collector, Henry Van derleith; High- way Commissioners, Solomon B. Lincoln, Isom Birks and C. Seid- mier; Justices, John Weckel and J. N. Pumpelly; Constables, Alfred Sams and Robert Laughlin. 1868— Supervisor, C. W. Clark; Clerk, T. C. Brien; Assessor, Joseph Ewing; Collector, Henry Vanderleith; Highway Commis- sioner, David Birks. 1869 — Supervisor, Samuel C. Bean; Clerk, Jacob Yager; As- sessor, George "W. Howe; Collector, C. W. Clark; Highway Com- missioner, John Reinders; Justice, Jacob Yager; Constable, Franklin V. Nicholson. 1871 — Supervisor, C. W". Clark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, George W. Howe; Collector. Robert Copeland; Highway Commis- sioner, James Muldoon; Justices, James W. Randolph and Jacob Yager; Constables, Alfred Sams and Frank V. Nicholson. 1872 — Supervisor, C. "W". Clark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, (746) IPT i^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 747 George W. Howe; Collector, U. E. Kobinson; Highway Commis- eioner, John Reinders. 1873— Supervisor, C. W. Clark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, C. S. Landis; Collector, John Reinders; Highway Commissioner^ C. K. Lucas. 1874 — Supervisor, C. W. Clark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, Jacob Schriver; Collector, Charles Capps; Highway Commissioner, Fred Fueten. 1876 — Supervisor, 0. "W. Clark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, Jeremiah Mathews; Collector, Henry Yanderleith; Highway Com- missioner, John Reinders; Justice, James W. Randolph; Con- stable, Jacob Yager. 1876 — Supervisor, C. W. Olark; Clerk, Jacob Yager; Assessor, Jacob Schriver; Collector, Charles Capps; Highway Commissioner, C. K. Lucas; Constable, William Gordon. 1877 — Supervisor, John Reinders; Clerk, Jacob Yager; As- sessor, Robert Copeland; Collector, George Mayer; Highway Com- missioner, Fred Fueten; Justices, James Muldoon and Jacob Yager; Constables, John H. Dement and A. F. Banner. 1878 — Supervisor, John Reinders; Clerk, Jacob Yager; As- sessor, George Howe; Collector, John Vanderleith; Highway Commissioner, Samuel Upp. 1879 — Supervisor, John Reinders; Clerk, Jacob Yager; As- sessor, Charles S. Landis; Collector, John Vanderleith; Highway Commissioner, R. B. Lucas. 1880 — Supervisor, John Reinders; Clerk, J. W. Wolfe; Assessor, N. B. Gasaway; Collector, John Yanderleith; Highway Commis- sioner, Fred Fueten. 1881 — Supervisor, Amos Dillsaver; Clerk, M. L. Mathews; As- sessor, Mahlon A. Newton; Collector, H. W. Curtis; Highway Commissioner, Henry Gulso; Justices, M. L. Mathews and Fred Fueten; Constables, J. H. Dement and J. W. Dillsaver. 1882 — Supervisor, Amos Dillsaver; Clerk, Charles S. Landis; Assessor, Jeremiah Mathews; Collector, U. E. Robinson; High- way Commissioner, R. B. Lucas; Justice, Charles S. Landis. 1883— Supervisor, Amos Dillsaver; Clerk, Charles S. Landis; Assessor, Jeremiah Mathews; Collector, George W. Vanderleith; Highway Commissioner, James Poe. 1884-^ Super visor, William A. Schafer; Clerk, Charles H. Curtis; Assessor, Charles S. Landis; Collector, George W. Vanderleith; Highway Commissioner, Henry Suedmeier. 42 '. ^ ji ■14* 748 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1885 — Supervisor, Jeremiah Mathews; Clerk, C. H. Curtis; As- sessor, James Ducker; Collector, H. C. Suttle; Highway Commis- sioner, S. T. Curtis; Justices, S. H. Newlan and Charles S. Landis; Constables, George Pfund and George Mayer, Ji-. STATISTICS. Mt. Pulaski Township increased in population from 1,910 in 1870, to 2,348 in 1880. In 1885 there are estimated to be 2,500 inhabitants. The valuation and taxation of property in 1875 and 1885 are here given: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $1,249,167; State tax, $3,747.51; county tax; $2,498.34; no town tax; school tax, $5,074.15; no dis- trict road tax; road and bridge tax, $1,873.74; sinking fund tax, $1,249.18; county bond tax, $1,623.92; incorporated town bond tax, $462.92; town bond tax, $3,747.51; corporation tax, $1,233.02; back tax, $202.63; total taxes, $21,712.92. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $707,170; State tax, $2,831.33; county tax, $5,258.21; township tax, $404.68; road and bridge tax, $2,426.86; county bond interest tax, $1,051.64; township bond interest tax, $3,882.96; district school tax, $9,517.32; dog tax, $138; back taxes, $994.84; total taxes, $30,388.80. POLITICAL. This townsiiip has always given substantial Democratic majori- ties. Following is the vote for President 1868-'84: 1868— Horatio Seymour 262 89 Ulysses S. Grant 173 1872— Horace Greeley 277 72 Ulysses S. Grant 205 1876— Samuel J. Tildea 331 95 Rutherford B. Hayes.. .236 1880— WiDfleld S. Hancock. . .304 51 James A. Garfield 253 James B. Weaver 5 1884— Grover Cleveland 401 135 James G. Blaine 266 John P. at. John 12 MT. PULASKI. Some of the earliest settlements in the county were made along Salt Creek, on the north of Pulaski, and Lake Fork on the west. Tlie physician who sometimes practiced here was Dr. Alexander Shields, who then resided in Springfield. In the early part of 1836, during one of his visits to his patients in these settlements, he was struck with the great natural beauty and advantages of an elevated portion between these two creeks, and on his return to Springfield spoke enthusiastically of the location to Jabez Capps, then a merchant in Springfield, and an extensive owner of real ^ o^ ^^ MT. PtTLASKI TOWNSHIP. 749 estate there, then not held at a very high figure. He was not then progressing as he desired in business, and was thinking of remov- ing to some other locality and laying the foundation for a new town. Dr. Barton Robinson, who was in an adjoining room, heard the conversation passing between Dr. Shields and Mr. Capps, and became at once interested. Dr. Robinson became one of the most prominent men in this part of the county. He was well educated, and was an excellent physician and a very public- spirited man. He was born May 19, 1819, in New Malton, York- shire, England. He studied medicine in London, where he gradu- ated. He came to America and joined his brother, James T., at Buffalo Hart Grove, Sangamon County, in December, 1831. Ho was married in this county in May, 1833, to Mahala Barber. In 1836 he went to Mt. Pulaski, and was. always most prominently connected with the town. Here he practiced medicine many years, and was widely known. In 1858 he removed to Kansas. Soon after a company, consisting of Mr. Capps, Dr. Robinson and G. W. Turley, was formed, and in August these persons, with Thomas Skinner, a surveyor, came to the present site of Mt. Pu- laski and laid out a town. The company had a few months before this entered considerable land here, and made one of their number agent. After completing the survey, the party returned to Spring- field. Mr. Capps made arrangements with Jerry Birks, a settler on Lake Fork, to remove a cabin he had previously built there to the west side of what was laid out for a public square. It was moved there, and placed on a spot of ground now occupied by the postoffice. Mr. Capps's wife had died early in the spring pre- ceding these movements, leaving him with three small boys. He married again on his return from the survey, and on the morning after his wedding started with his family for their new home. He put into his wagon some necessary furniture, some pro- visions, and a few goods, and with these followed the road lead- ing to the Lake Fork settlement. From this settlement to the Mound was only a trail, which instead of leading to its top passed by the base on to Salt Creek. Following this, the family soon came to their new habitation, which they found moved and set up. Placing the family in this, the upper story of which they occupied, Mr. Capps returned to Springfield for other necessaries of life and additional goods. After making a few trips, he had a well-selected stock of a miscellaneous assortment of merchandise ^F*- '-^ 760 HISTORY OF LOGAK COUNTY. suitable for a pioneer store, embracing every article from a nail to- a barrel of sugar. Trade soon began to come to the enterprising pioneer. People from where Clinton is now situated to the site of Decatur made this point one to purchase common household necessities. Those- who could not pay in money brought peltry in various kinds, which Mr. Oapps took to Springfield and exchanged for goods. He made nearly all his purchases for several years in St. Louis.- His goods were shipped up the Mississippi to the Illinois River, thence up that stream to Pekin, where he received them into his wagon, and hauled them across the country home. His route lay through Postville, then containing only a house or two. It was, however, quite a point, as the stages coming from Chicago to St. Louis, and from Peoria down would often meet there. The " tavern " on Sugar Creek, was kept by "William ("Pap") Ryan. He was a rather eccentric but excellent man, and faithfully observed even- ing prayers, to which he would always invite any travelers who chanced to be stopping with him. On a certain evening, while con- ducting this service,a rather amusing incident occurred. For a light he used a " dip," being nothing less than a kettle-lid inverted, the hollow filled with tallow and a cotton rag placed therein, one end of ■which projected slightly over the edge of the lid and being lighted made a good substitute for a lamp or a candle. While at prayer, one of the travelers, a rather wild fellow, by some means got one of his hands in this dish, and, pullirg the rag wick into it, set it all ablaze, and severely burned his hand. Forgetting where he was, and being frightened by the sudden pain, he very emphatically exclaimed, "Gosh ! dara the thing!" "Amen!" said Ryan, at that instant closing his prayer. For many days after the two expressions were common by-words among the amused travelers. During Mr. Capps' first two years of life at the Mound he and the adjacent settlers often drove their hogs to Pekin, where they were slaughtered, and the pork shipped to St. Louis by the rivers^ Occasionally he would exchange goods for dressed pork, which he hauled to the same place, and then shipped to the same market. At the expiration of nearly two years he was joined by three young men, Andrew Danner, a blacksmith, a Mr. Miles and Hor- ace Roe, carpenters. All these boarded with Mr. Capps, and worked at their respective trades. Christian Danner, a brother of Andrew, came soon after with a family. These persons were from Pittsburg, and had probably come to St. Louis by water, and there- =iT .4^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 751 hearing of some of the interior Illinois settlements, and their great desirability as homes, finally found their way to Mr. Capps's new town. Thus far it had received no name. In deciding upon one, the few residents chose that of Pulaski, and the place heretofore being called, from its location, the Mound, easily came to be called its present name. The situation is, indeed, enchantingly beautiful. At the date of which we are writing, the scene musthave been be- yond description. The wildness of the prairie, bounded on the north and west by the Salt Creek and Lake Fork timber, and on the east and south by an extended plain, whose boundary was be- yond the vision, covered with the wild, rolling prairie grass, is a scene vividly impressed on the minds of those pioneers, and one on which they love to linger. Christian Danner built a frame house soon after his arrival, it being the second in the place. Mr. Capps had erected one about a year and a half after his arrival, the upper story being used for a dwelling, the lower for a store. The carpenters found work enough among the surrounding settlers. The two named were soon joined by Willis Roe, who afterward lost his life by the fall of a beam in a building on which he was working. The blacksmiths set up a small shop immediately on their arrival, in which they sharpened hoes and plow points, and made other instruments used by the frontier settlers. The plows then had only a wooden moldboard, and attached to the plow-point was an iron shoe, in which a socket was made for the insertion for the wooden plow-point. The corn was generally cultivated with the hoe and a single corn-plow. No sooner had these families located here than ministers of the gospel came to visit them. Even when Mr. Capps was the only resident on the " point," some stopped with him over night when on their way from one settlement to another. Prominent among these was " Father Bowles," as he was called, of the Christian church. In 1840 or 1841 Dr. John Clark located in the village, on the lot his family yet occupy. His was the fourth or fifth fam- ily in the place. The second store was built by Benjamin Davis, which stood near the corner of the square, on the ground now occupied by Scrog- gin's hotel. This store was in all respects like its predecessor, and contained every article demanded by the settlers. Jefferson Scrog- gin built a house about this time, in which he accommodated trav- elers. Frank Schick, a German, was among the earliest residents of Mt. Pulaski, and afterward one of her most enterprising citizens. -.. s^ 752 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Soon after coining, he worked for Mr. Capps in his garden for 50 cents per day. Next he tried making shoes, and being the first, and for some time the only shoemaker in the village, soonbuiltup a good trade. His shoes at first were more noticeable for strength than elegance; but people's tastes were at that time not so difficult to satisfy as now. The " wear and tear " of the article was more considered than the appearance. The only tannery in the vicinity was at Carter Scroggin's — a " trough " tannery. The location of the persons and industries mentioned had given the frontier village quite a business appearance, and made it a good trading place. In 1846 the third store was built by Thomas Lnshbaugh. (Jomforta- ble frame houses were being erected, and the comforts and luxu- ries of life were beginning to appear. In 1844 a frame school-house was built, and school regularly held therein. The Methodists held weekly services in Dr. Clark's house, and at Nicholas Moore's, a few miles north. The first brick house was built by Alexander Morgan, and used as a hotel. Brewer Bunn, since then a prominent lawyer in Decatur, carried brick and mortar as a day laborer during its erection. The first brick business block was built by Dr. Robin- son, referred to. It is now torn away. A brick house was not long after built by Mr. Zimmerman, also one by Mr. Craig. At the organization of the county in 1839, the seat of justice had been placed in Postville, nearly the center of the county. Then the county's limits were not the same as now — portions of Taze- well and De Witt having since been added — and, as has been noted in the history of the county, a division of Logan was antici- pated. In 1848 the county seat was, by a vote of the people, re- moved to Mt. Pulaski, with the hope that a new county would be formed from the southern part of Logan. At that time Mount Pulaski had increased to a prosperous village of 300 inhabitants, and was enjoying an excellent trade. The town by subscrip- tion raised $2,700; the county gave $300, and a comfortable court-house, two stories in height above the basement, was built on the public-square. It faced the west, and was ready for occupancy soon after the location of the seat of justice was fixed. The village had been incorporated in 1852; but this by some means, was after a few years not recognized. The next year after the erection of the court-house, the incorporation was revived, and kept in active existence until 1872, when it was re-incor- porated under the general law for the incorporation of towns. By some means the boundaries to the town had never been stated. '^■^==^ =^^=^V *" ^i MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 753 and any suit brought bj the village would not stand in court. After a few years the citizens saw that this would n6t do, as criminals would always go free on an appeal to the county courts. A petition was presented to Judge Dicks early in 1876 to order an election to be held, to decide for or against an incorporation of Mt. Pulaski. The petition was dated March 16, 1876. The election was held April 3, at the office of Dr. John Clark, and resulted in favor of incorporation. VILLAGE OFFICEES. The first election for village officers was held April 26. The officers chosen then and each succeeding year have been: 1876— Trustees, "William A. Schafer, Uriah Snider, John W. Sevfer, Alexander Fisher, John Krieg and Charles S. Capps. Charles S. Capps was President, and Jacob Yager and Charles Gapps, Sr., eacli served a part of the year as Clerk. 1877— Trustees, William A. Schafer, John "W". Seyfer, C. J. Hurt, Uriah Snider, J. N. Pumpelly and S. C. Bean; President, Uriah Snider; Attorney, S. L. Wallace; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr. ; Police Magistrate, M. Wemple; Constable, F. V. Nicholson. 1878 — Trustees, Peter Reinders, Charles P. Capps, J. R. Ayres, J. H. Hasten, I. N. Rankin and David Vanhise; President, David Vanhise; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr. ; Constable, F. Y. Nicholson. 1879 — Trustees, Henry Vonderleith, Uriah Snider, Wm. A. Schafer, John W. Seyfer, J. R. Ayres and S. L. Wallace; Presi- dent, Uriah Snider; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr.; Constable, F. V. Nicholson. 1880— Trustees, Charles S. Capps, H. B. Roe, W. H. Ralston, Uriah Snider, Henry Yonderleith and George P. Zeiss; President, Uriah Snider; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr.; Constable, E. Werlich; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer; Attorney, A. G. Jones. The Trustees drew lots for long and short terms, so that in the future but three need be elected annually. Those drawing for the long term were, Henry Vonderleith, H. B. Roe and W. H. Ralston. 1881 — Trustees, Uriah Snider, Charles S. Capps and J. F. Schick; to fill vacancy, G. L. Schafer; President, Uriah Snider; Clerk, John H. Capps; Police Magistrate, F. V. Nicholson; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer: Attorney, A. G. Jones; Constable, A. G. Green. 1882— Trustees, H. B. Roe, G. L. Schafer and Jacob Mayer; -^ 751 HISTOEY OF LOGAlf COUNTY. President, Charles S. Oapps; Clerk, J. H. Capps; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer; Attorney, A.G.Jones; Constable, George Pfund. 1883— Trustees, Uriah Snider, John F. Schick and L. B. Scrog- gin; President, Uriah Snider; Clerk, John H. Capps; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer; Attorney, William H. Ambrose; Constable, George Pfund. 1884— Trustees, Jacob Mayer, H. C. Philbrick and G. L. Scha- fer; President, Uriah Snider; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr.; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer; Attorney, W. H. Ambrose; Constable, George Pfund. 1885 — Trustees, E. A. Danner, Uriah Snider and John F. Schick; to fill vacancy, R. S. Hershey; President, Uriah Snider; Clerk, Charles Capps, Sr.; Attorney, A. G. Jones; Treasurer, C. F. Schafer; Police Magistrate, F. Y. Nicholson-; Constable, G. W. Connolly. With the advent of the court-house, a remarkably rapid growth of the town began. In ten years the increase of population was over 100 per cent. New stores and comfortable dwellings were rapidly built, and several new industries came quickly into exist- ence. A jail was completed shortly after the court-house was built. It was constructed of brick, and was made two stories in height. The windows were covered with iron grating. This jail contained criminals' and debtors' cells, and, though considered an improvement on the old log jail at Postville, could hardly be recognized as equal to it in safety. The contractor received $1,000 for its erection. In 1850 the Methodists erected their church — the first in town. Two years after, tlie First German Evangelical Lutherans erected their first house of worship. The industries of the town were the ordinary blacksmith and wagon shops, carpenter shops and small mill. Prior to the open- ing of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Eailroad, in 1853, mail was brought from Springfield, or from the stages on their route from Chicago and Peoria to St. Louis. When this railroad was com- pleted, a stage made regular trips to Postville or Lincoln, which was then just coming into existence. At every session of court lawyers from Springfield and Peoria were in attendance, and during that time the town presented an animated appearance. Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, David Davis and others since famous in State and national history were often seen in attendance at the Mt. Pulaski courts. The gentlemen named gen- ;t^ '-4^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 755 erally stopped at Jabez Cappa's while in town, he being an old friend and neighbor of Mr. Lincoln's, at Springfield. On the adoption of the new State Constitution, in 1848, all hope of a division of Logan County was lost. Ere long, people living in the north part of the county began to complain of the long dis- tance they were compelled to go to court, and a more central loca- tion was demanded. Colbey Knapp was in the Legislature at the time, and succeeded in passing a bill allowing the residents of the county to vote on a re-location of the seat of justice. This was in the session of 1852-'53. .The bill authorized the people to vote upon the question, but contained certain provisions relating to the re- moval of the county offices and county records, stipulating that they should remain in Mt. Pulaski until the completion of the new court-house. This was not ready until late jn December, 1855, at which time the change was made. This was a severe blow to Mt. Pulaski. During the next four years the population, fully 600 in number, increased only fifty- three. The lawyers moved to Lincoln, and that town began to partake of the early prosperity of Mt. Pulaski. Its founders were men of energy, money and enterprise, and made vigorous efforts for the advancement of their town. They hSd the advantage of a direct railroad between the two largest cities in the West, and were not slow to improve their opportunities. ' From the removal of the seat of justice, the growth of Mt. Pulaski was marked with no important events. It has been slow and sure, and since the completion of railroads, crossing here, has been reasonably speedy. On the east, west and south sides of the public square, and on the west side of the street leading south from the southwest corner, good brick business blocks have been built. The old court-house yet stands, and is used by the village for offices of the village clerk and magistrate. An attorney also offices here. The upper story is unused. The Supreme Court decided that the building and square are held in trust for public purposes. It has been proposed to replace the historic structure by a new and safer one. The first postmaster of this place was Jabez Oapps, and the sec- ond was Ezekiel Bowman. Dr. John Clark held the appointment from 1851 to 1857, in December of which year S. LinnBeidler was appointed. This gentleman held the office continuously until June, 1882, except the last two years of Johnson's administration, when Tv*- A'' — - liL t56 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. the appointment was held by T. H. O. Mattfeldt. In June, 1882, the present courteous and popular postmaster, John W. Sey- fer, succeeded Mr. Beidler. This latter gentleman deserves more unqualified praise for his public-spirited life than often is permit- ted to the historian to record. No man was ever more devoted to the interests of his town and more unseliish in his desires for its prosperity. Too often, however, others have reaped the profits which sliould have been awarded the man who made them pos- sible. The bank of Scroggin & Son was formerly conducted by Scrog- gin & Sawyer, who began business in 1872. It is a safe and valu- able institution. There are four houses of entertainment for the traveler — the Scroggin Hotel, Logan House, Mt. Pulaski House and Palace Hotel. Mt. Pulaski is the only place in Logan County enterprising enough to have a fire department. The matter was talked of long before action was taken. In 1875 the merchants of the place con- tributed fnnds and purchased some " Babcocks," but no one seemed familiar withj;hem when they were needed, and they be- came entirely unused. When Priest & Gordon's mill burned, in July, 1884, the people were aroused ; and in response to the gen- eral sentiment the board purchased an engine , hose cart and hook- and-ladder truck. The Phoenix Volunteer Fire Company was or- ganized in March, 1885, with "W. H. Stafford as captain and 0. G. Bekemeyer as secretary. The company meets every month in its handsome quarters at the northeast corner of the square. THE MOUNT PULASKI MINING COMPANY was organized in April, 1883, with John Lincoln, President ; H. C. Suttle, Secretary ; L. K. Scroggin, Treasurer ; and D. Yan- hise, Superintendent, these gentlemen owning the entire capital stock. In November, 1884, F. P. Heyle purchased the interests of Messrs. Lincoln and Yanhise and has since been Secretary and Treasurer. L. K. Scroggin sold to his son, A. C. Scroggin, in April, 1885, since which time the officers and stockholders have been : A. C. Scroggin, President ; F. P. Heyle, Secretary and Treasurer; and H. C. Suttle, Superintendent. One hundred men are on the pay roll and the monthly output of the mine is about 3,500 tons. The pitmen are mainly Scotch and English, with a sprinkling of Germans, Americans and Irish. James Small, an MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 757 experienced miner is foreman. Tliis work is done on the "long wall" system, a method used in this part of the State for the first time — the coal is broken by the downward pressure of the earth and entirely excavated without the use of explosives. The ship- ments of the company are made along the entire line of the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville road, north to Chicago on the Illinois Central, and a very gratifying trade has developed for the few months now passed under the new management. This shaft was sunk in the spring of 1883 by Wm. Beard, who operated it about six months and sold it to B. F. Fox, who disposed of ii six or eight months later to the original company above spoken of. Mr. Beard struck a fonr-and-a-half-foot vein at 360 feet and erected the tower, engine house, etc. Mr. Fox sunk it forty feet to the next vein, without satisfactory results, however, and erected the sixty horse-power en- gine that now lifts the coal. The company has recently sunk an air shaft to the same level as the original shaft and put in a twelve- foot ventilating fan, rendering their equipment as complete as that of any mining plant in this section. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. In the early life of Mt. Pulaski the educational advantages were not of the best, and not until 1844 was any permanent provision made for the education of the children. Until this time there were butfew residents in town, and these taught their children in their own homes, or paid any one who desired to engage in the work during the winter a small sum per scholar for teaching. This person would hire a room in some dwelling, or the loft of a shop or store, and therein teach the young idea. This condition could not long continue among an enterprising people, and the year men- tioned saw a comfortable frame house erected for school purposes. It was also used for divine worship, town meetings, or for any public gathering. When this became too small, in after years, the basement of a church would be rented or a room wherever vacant, until 1858, when the Legislature gave to the town the old court- house for a school-house. It has remained in use ever since. The little frame is now the dwelling of some farmer or gardener, having been sold when the change of houses was made. On entering the court-house, two teachers were employed. John Kent was proba- bly the first teacher within its walls. During the spring of 1877 a change was made from the common district organization, under which the schools were previously con- 758 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. ducted, to a graded system, under the control of a Board of Eduoa- tiorj, and an application for funds to erect a new school-house was made. Twenty thousand dollars was granted, and with this the board purchased a very eligible site in the eastern part of the town, and erected thereon an excellent eight-room building. The Trustees at that time were George Huck (President), Dr. F. D. Cass (Secretary) and John M. Tomlinson. The annual expendi- tures for school purposes are $4,500 to $5,000. The present Trus- tees are: John Myer (President), R. S. Hershey (Secretary) and H. C. Suttle. There are employed nine teachers, George W. Monroe being principal. THE PRESS. Two weekly papers are published at Mt. Pulaski — the Hepublioan and the Times- Citizen. CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest in town. It was organized in Dr. John Clark's house, about the year 1841 or '42, with but few members. This was the first religious service in town. The first preacher of this denomination here was probably Eev. D. P. Bunn. He was shortly after followed by Rev. Hardin Wallace, who conducted one of the largest revivals ever known to this region in pioneer days. People came from all directions to attend the meetings, and over fifty were converted and joined the Methodist church. A class had been formed at Henry Dement's, where meetings were held. The class at Mr. Dement's became the nucleus around which the Hurricane Point Church was gathered. Among the earliest ministers in this denomination was the noted and eccentric Peter Cartwright, so well known to the early resi- dents of Central Illinois. He was then living on his farm near Springfield, and was presiding elder of this conference. The church in town continued to meet at Dr. Clark's house until 1844, when, the school-house being completed, they occupied that until 1850, when they finished a house of worship. This was replaced iu 1884 by another church, which cost $2,500. The present pastor is Rev. P. S. Gay. The society has about fifty members, and the attend- ance at Sunday-school, of which R. J. Beggs is superintendent, is about 150. The church stewards are Mrs. Mantle and J. A. Mussenden. The First German Evangelical Lutheran Church is the second oldest in town. It was organized about 1850 or 1851, and in 1852 ^ _ ~' |v r *' MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 759" ^ they erected a small brick church, the work being geuerally per- formed by the members themselves. By the year 1856 there were thirty-six members. Their first minister was Kev. P. S. Staiger. In 1865 they sold their church to the Catholics, it having become too small for their growing congregation, and began the erection of their present house of worship, which was dedicated May 13, 1866. The present pastor is Rev. John Boettiger. There are about seventy-five voting members of the church. The attendance at Sunday-school is about fifty. Jacob Bowman is superintendent. The Second German Evangelical Lutheran Church was organ- ized in the autumn of 1868, with sixteen members. The pastor was Rev. William A. Deininger, who remained about two and a half years. The organization was efi'ected in the Universalist church, where they continued to meet until 1873, when their present house of worship was completed at a cost of $3,300. The second pastor was Rev. G. Pracht, who remained nearly two years, and was succeeded by Rev. O. F. Ebert, who filled the pulpit two years, when Rev. R. C. Starck was called. The present pastor. Rev. M. During, came in 1879. The membership is now over forty, with a Sunday-school of more than double that number. The Evangelical Association was organized in the spring of 1857, in the Universalist church, by Rev. H. Schelp. The mem- bership is now twenty-eight. They occupy their own church, which was completed in 1861. Their first pastor was Rev. A. Strohmeier. The present one is Rev. George Barth. The oflicers are: P. Reinders, Class-Leader; P. Reinders, C. J. Foley and P. Miller, Trustees. Mr. Reinders is also superintendent of the Sun- day-school, which has about thirty attendants. The Catholic Church was organized about 1866, in a private house. They purchased the First German Church, and occupied it until the spring of 1886, when they occupied a new frame struct- ure in the southeast part of town, bailt at a cost of $3,000. The church has about twenty families, mostly residing in the country. Services are held the first Sunday in each month by Father Rey- nolds, of Elkhart. The Christian Church was organized in the spring of 1868, with thirty members. They had just completed a frame church, which they used until the society became inactive, a few years since. The Universaliats were organized about 1870, but are now in- active. There are in the township three other churches — the Buckles ^7=^ =^=iv iiL 760 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Church, four miles south of town, the Oopeland Church, five miles south, and a Baptist church, four and a half miles south. The two former are of the Christian denomination. MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIZATIONS. The Mt. Pulaski Zyceum was organized Monday, November 23, 1885. It is to meet every week or two for literary and social en- tertainment. The officers are : President, MJton Lesem; Vice- President, Prof. G. W. Monroe; Treasurer, C. S. Landis; Secretary, F. L. Tomlinson. Mi. Pulaski Lodge, No. 87, A. F. (& A. M., was chartered Oc- tober 8, 1858, with D. P. Bunn as W. M.; I. R. Braucher, S. W., and Robert Carlisle, J. W. The present membership is seventy- one. The lodge meets on Saturday evening, on or before the full moon of each month. The officers for 1886 are: T. F. Whitaker, Worthy Master; "W . A. Scliafer, Senior Warden ; W. S. Whitaker, Junior Warden; George Meister, Treasurer; F. V. Nicholson, Secretary; John H. Toole, Senior Deacon; William Acton, Junior Deacon; James Poe and AbramMcKinney, Stewards; J. Weiden- bacher, Tyler. Mi. Pulaski Chapter, No. 121, R. A. M., was chartered Octo- ber 29, 1868, with seventeen members. There are now forty-four members. The chapter meets the first Monday evening in each month. The present officers are: John H. Toole, High Priest; C. F. Schafer, King; George Mayer, S.; W. A. Schafer, C. H.; John R. Ayres, P. S.; J. W' Ewing, R. A. 0. ; George Meister, Treasurer; F. V. Nicholson, Secretary; Abram McKin- ney, M. 3d Y. ; M. J. Reinheiraer, M. 2d V. ; S. H. Newlin, M. 1st V. Mt. Pulaski Commandery, No. 39, K. T., was chartered Octo- ber 24, 1871, with twelve members. There are now fifty members. Meetings are held the first Thursday evening of each month. The officers are: William A. Schafer, Eminent Commander; Isaac J. Michener, Gen.; George P. Zeiss, C. G. ; John H. Toole, Prelate; Joseph W. Ewing, S. W.; Samuel L. Beidler, J. W.; George Meister, Treasurer; J. W. Ewing, Rec. {pro tern.); David Patter- son, St. B.; George C. Yocum, Sw. B. ; John W. Dillsaver, War- den; Gustav Weidenbacher, G. of G. Mi. Pulaski Lodge, No. 451, /. 0. 0. F., was chartered October 10, 1871. The first members were John G. Fox, Henry Fox, P. L. Corby, J. M. Reitz, Milton Deere and Jacob Bollin. The pres- ^iv' ^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 761 ent officers are: W. H. Henderson, Noble Grand; Moses Cooper, Vice-Grand; M. P. Phinney, Secretary; William McGonnick, Treasurer. The lodge meets every Tuesday evening at Odd Fel- lows' Hall. Present membership, twenty-five. Lucas Lodge, No. 516, /. 0. 0. -F., was chartered October 14, 1873, with fifteen first members. It has now twenty members, and meets every Monday eveninu; at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are: George Jenner, Noble Grand; Fred Weiler, Yice- Grand; George Meister, Treasurer; John W. Seyfer, Secretary. Samuel Walker Post, No. ^05, O. A.Ji.,waLS chartered March 23, 1883, with twenty-nine comrades. C. 0. Mason was the first Commander. The post has now thirty-eight members, and meets the first and third Saturdays of each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall. The officers for 1886 are: William McCormick, Commander; William Adlerman, Senior Vice-Commander; M. A. Dubois, Junior Vice-Commander; M. P. Phinney, Adjutant; Charles Wood, Quartermaster; M. P. Phinney, Surgeon; Philip Miller, Chap- lain; John Danley, Officer of the Day; John Mier, Officer of the Guard. BIOGEAPHICAL. James Ayres, farmer, was born in Miami County, Ohio, in 1834, and is a son of Darius Ayres, who was born in 1800, in Hamilton County, Ohio. He married Orpah Rosebrough, and removed to Miami County, Ohio, where, in 1839, he died, leaving seven chil- dren — Richard F., since deceased ; Mary, deceased; Alfred, John R., Susan, James and Rebecca, deceased. The family came to Logan County in 1852, settling on the present farm of James Ayres in 1854. Mr. Ayres has made substantial improvements here in the way of building, tree-planting and fencing. His wid- owed mother is living with him, at the age of eighty-one years. In 1883 our subject, James Ayres, was married to Mrs. Christine C. Webster, born in Schoharie County, New York, and daugliter of Henry I. Warner, who was born May 10, 1796, in Schoharie County. He was in active life a farmer, and came in 1857 to Lin- coln, Illinois, where he died in November, 1884. His wife, Mar- garet Becker, was from an historic New York family, and was a granddaugliter of Major Joseph Bi3cker, a prominent officer in the Border war, and later in the war of the Revolution. In 1776 he built a stone house, whieli was used as a fort, and here Mrs. Warner was born. She died November 15, 1858, in Lincoln, Illinois, leav- IfT 762 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. ing four children— Florine, now Mrs. Horace Lawrence, of Cayuga County, New York; David B., of Lincoln; Sarah C, wife of Samuel Jones, of Lincoln, and Christine C, now Mrs. James Ayres, of Mount Pulaski. Mrs. Ayres has in her possession a brass-bound Bible, printed in German in 1748, which was inherited bv her mother from her ancestors. John B. Ayres, a retired farmer of Mount Pulaski, was born March 13, 1831, in Hamilton County, Ohio. His father, Darius Ayres, was born in April, 1800, in New Jersey, and married in 1824, in Hamilton County, Ohio, to Orpah Rosebrough. Darius Ayres was a son of Benajah, born in 1774, and Susan (Ferris) Ayers, who were among the earliest settlers of Hamilton County, where they located at the beginning of the present century, remov- ing thence to Miami County, Ohio, in 1833. Here they died and were buried, and here also died Darius Ayres, December 29, 1839. His widow, who is still living, brought the family to Logan County, Hlinois. There were seven children — Richard, who died in 1882, in Chestnut, this county, had been sheriflF of Logan County, and for many years supervisor of JEtna Township; Mary, married J. C. Webster, a distinguished citizen of this county; Alfred is a De Witt County farmer; John R, our subject; Susan, married Thomas Clark, and lives in Nebraska; James is farming in Mount Pulaski, and Rebecca, now deceased, the wife of J, H. Dement, of Mount Pulaski. John R. Ayres enlisted, August, 1862, in Com- pany E, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and served three years, without furlough or sickness, participating in all the movements and services of the regiment. Mr. Ayres married, in 1871, Mrs. Eliza Shupe, of Mount Pulaski, daughter of the Rev. Richard W. Clark, deceased, and the adopted daughter of Dr. John Clark, deceased, and was born November 9, 1841, in Mc- Donough County, Illinois. She was married in Mt. Pulaski, to Jonas Shupe, of Ohio, who died January 13, 1865, leaving a daughter — Mary E. Shupe, who married Dr. E. C. Nolan, of Mount Pulaski. Mr. and Mrs. Ayres also have a daughter — Lena Ayres. Mrs. Ayres died March 5, 1882, and was buried in Mount Pulaski, and her eldest daughter, Mrs. Dr. Nolan, died at the age of twenty years, leaving a daughter — Ella, now with the family of Mr. Ayres. John R. Ayres is in politics a Prohibitionist of Republican ante- cedents. For many years he has been trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, although not a member. He belongs to the Mount Pulaski lodge and chapter, A. F. & A. M., and has been ;^ -ruif^y^^^t^^i^n-^z^n-in^ - V^ i t > MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 763 master of the lodge. Though not engaged in active farming for the past fifteen years, he still owns and supervises a farm in La- enna Township. Jacob Bmmami was born in 1833, in Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1852, he and his brother Philip, came to America, the joint-stock capi- tal of the two being just 25 cents on arriving in Cincinnati. They at once hired out as farm hands, north of the city, at first receiving $8 per month and for the last of their five years labor $220 per year. In 1858 they came to liliuoia, buying eighty acres in partnership, near Kinney, De Witt County. Tiiis they farmed for three years in company, living in a log house. They then divided said eighty acres of land, and Jacob Baumann began with his forty acres, but soon bought the 120 acres adjoining, thus making a 160-acre farm, on which he erected fair buildings and grew hedges around each forty acres. He sold the land in 1874:, for which he received $50 per acre, buying then the 341-acre farm, where he now lives and for which he paid $12,000. On this he first built a roomy and substantial barn at a cost of $1,000, and in 1875 his handsome farm house, at a cost of $3,000. The farm is in a splendid location, and would readilj' sell at $75 per acre. In 1880 he bought another 160 acres on section 2, township 18 north, range 1 west of third principal meridian, and in 1884 another eighty acres on section 31, township 18 north, range 1 west of third principal meridian. Since 1883 Mr. Baumann has devoted ranch attention and money to the purchase and breeding of Hol- stein cattle, he having in the year mentioned bought of Pratt, of Elgin, Illinois, a pair of extra fine animals, and later an imported heifer. He now has eight head of registered Holsteins, several of them carrying off first prizes at the Logan County fair. He has also a large herd of high-grade short-horn cows, and makes a specialty of butter-making. He is likewise trying the qualities of the Jerseys and has a noticeably fine cow among his herd. In 1857, in Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, he married Margaret Lohr, who came from Hesse-Darmstadt in 1853. She died in De Witt County, leaving two sons — William and Philip. By his present wife, Mina (Wagner) Baumann, born in Saxony, coming to the United States in 1853, he has had eight children — Fritz, Ernest, Marie, Emma, Albert, Henry, Katie and Jacob. Mr. and Mrs. Baumann belong to the Lutheran church. He is a liberal Democrat in politics. 8a/muel C. Beam, deceased, was born August 12, 1824, in New 48 -^ 764r HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Jersey. He was a son of John Beam, two of whose sons, William and John Beam, now reside in Springfield, Illinois. S. C. Beam came to Mount Pulaski about 1845, and worked as a carpenter. In 1851 he built a saw-mill, and about 1857 the flouring mill in con- nection. Previously he and Mr. Johnson had operated, a corn-mill in the saw-mill. About 1872 he demolished the saw-mill and built the elevator in connection with the flouring mill, and it may be noted that the engine he brought from St. Louis in 1851 still drives the mill and elevator machinery. About the time of the erection of the elevator Mr. Beam began speculating in wheat futures on the St. Louis and Chicago boards, and though remark- ably successful for a few years, this business finally caused his financial ruin, forcing him to turn his property over to his credit- ors. So great, however, was the confidence of his friends in his business enterprise and ability that means were freely offered him with which to renew business in more conservative walks, but he died March 8, 1880, leaving a wife and six children, in whose hearts the memory of this kind husband and father will ever be kept green. Mrs. Beam was Miss Mary L., daughter of George W. Turley, Esq., and was born near Lake Fork. The six children are — Richard E., Elizabeth Alice, George A., Lander R., Frank Y. and Anna K. Mr. Beam was an enthusiast in whatever he undertook in business, public enterprises or politics. In politics he was a Democrat. He served as supervisor, road commissioner, school director, etc. It was under his direction that the trees were planted that now beautify the court-house square. The most nota- ble monument of his energy, however, is the palatial residence which he built in 1875-'76. It is a model of architectural beauty, and the largest private residence in Logan County. It is now owued^by others, the family occupying the old homestead " where," as the widowed mother says, "all his happy days were passed." Samuel Linn Beidler was bora in Mo unt Joy, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1837. In 1838 his father with wife and eight children moved on a farm in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, seven miles east of Harrisburg. With a new suit and a little ilag, little " Sammie " was taught, as he still well re- members, the campaign song of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" of 1840. The father, John Beidler, moved in 1844 to Hammels- town. The campaign of Polk and Dallas vs. Clay and Frelinghuysen of that year is a vivid picture in 'Our subject's memory. He heard his father, in conversation, deplore the pros- \ \ ^,Jc>vz^t/'vT. . ii 'dj-.-'^-^Ajuyv^ »'.. J MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 765 pects of a war with Mexico sliould Polk be elected President. Dire calamity in that event would befall the country, as ihey then understood and viewed the matter. The father was a Whig, but, belonging to the Mennonite religion, took no part in elections, not even voting. April, 1845, another move was made — three miles east, on the Korse-Shoe Pike, where the family lived two years. In view of the probable high prices following the declara- tion of war by President Polk ,in that year the father purchased twelve barrels of flour for $60, supposed to be, as still recollected, a year's supply. Our youthful subject dropped corn during the planting season of 1845 and 1846 for a neighbor, at a " fip" a day, receiving in cash at the end of a week three levies {S7^ cents). The Mexican war caused a good deal of anxiety and fear, under the impression that fighting was really going on in the towns, which proved, however, to be no more than recruiting for the army. Millerism had been a topic of much interest with a good deal of misgivings. Stories of silver being thrown away by the followers of Miller are still fresh to his memory. A sister (Mary) taught Samuel to read, schools being too far off to attend. The family moving to Middletown in 1847, a place was found with a farmer in an adjoining town, where he found employment, with- out pay, except daring frosty corn-gathering time, where a bushel of corn, worth 40 cents, was given the father for each week's work done by the boy. The work was to put the corn in heaps, as the " buskers " threw it very scatteringly. Later, wagons would follow and gather it up for cribbing. Doing this bare- footed on the eve of cold wintry weather is not a forgotten event. A little schooling followed during the winter. On the 6th of Jane, 1848, the lad was placed in the drug store of John I. Landis, in which store he remained until 1850, when Histand & Miesse became proprietors, who started a branch store in the ad- joining town of Portsmouth. In the latter place the entire busi- ness devolved upon the little clerk, who not only sold but ordered goods and ran the business. During this time, too, the campaign of Taylor and Fillmore vs. Cass and Butler occurred, and he saw General Taylor on his way to Washington to take his seat. The fugitive slave law when signed by Fillmore created intense excitement among the people. Vengeance against the slave-owner and his blood hounds was the topic that greeted his ears on all sides. He was a welcome visitor at a Mrs. Spayd's, who told him all about the part she took in the exodus of the Millerites to the Jr^ 766 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Hill Island on the Susquehanna River — where several hundred had gathered, expecting to be wafted to realms above. His father dying in 1849 and mother in 1850, and he becoming ambitious to see the world, early in 1852 started for Lancaster Citv, with a letter of introduction from Bruce Cameron to Thad Stevens and Walter Evans, who both treated him kindly but failed to find him employment, after which he went to Trenton, New Jersey, in which city he found a good place in a drug store. "While there he studied hard, attending a course of lectures in electrical psychology, became an adept, and feels that he has not lost any of its secrets to this day. That year, 1852, occurred the campaign of Pierce and King vs. Scott and Graham, and he saw General Scott before his famous campaign tour West. The anniversary of the battle of Trenton was fought in sham array in those days and always to the defeat of the Russians. It was the big occasion to Jersey men. It was in May, 1853, while on their way to the inaugura- tion of the World's Fair at New York that President Pierce and his cabinet stopped over and put up at the United States Hotel. It was made a half holiday and he availed himself of the opportunity and made his way to the reception room of the hotel where were President Pierce and his cabinet. The President laughingly ac- quiesced in the sentiment offered by a blacksmith present that we, the people, are the masters and you, the President and cabinet, are the servants. Getting the Western fever, especially from a visitor from the then Western end of the world, Toledo, Ohio, he packed his valise and in September, 1853, made his way to New York to view the Crystal Palace and the wonders of the city. After a ten-days stay he took a steamer for New York around the coast via Cape May to Philadelphia, stopping a few days in the latter city. His next point was a visit home to his sister and brothers. He stayed in Chambersburg until July 1, 1854. Re- turning to Middletown to say good-by, in company with a man by the name of Job Deckard, who with his horse and buggy started via Harrisburg, July 1, 1854, westward, passing through Carlyle, Chambersburg, Bedford Springs, Washington, Wheeling, Canton, Ohio, to Columbus, Circleville, to Yellowbud in Ross County. At Bedford Springs they saw James Buchanan and other dignitaries. That trip over land was made in the dry, cholera summer of 1854. At a number of places they were warned off and compelled to go many miles out of the way to avoid cholera-stricken towns. Arriving at Canton, Ohio, after robbing him of the little money MT. PtJLASKI TOWNSHIP. 767 he had, Deckard stole away with his team from the hotel after night, leaving him alone, penniless, among strangers. The sale of his watch paid coach fare to Columbus and Circleville and to Yel- lowbud, where his brother, Dr. J. H. Beidler, was located. The campaign of 1856 occurred while there. "Know-nothingism" was then in its glory. Dissolution propositions of the Democracy brought much fear over the possibilities of a disrupted country. He was clerk in the Yellowbud postofflce about a year before taking liis departure, February 12, 1867, for Illinois, on Inrseback. Passed through Washington, Xenia, Dayton, Cambridge City, Richmond, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Paris, Mattoon, Decatur, Mechanicsburg to Elkhart, Logan County, reaching there March 2, an eighteen-days ride over a boundless prairie from the Wabash River to his destination; clerked a little while at Elkhart, and be- came an early victim to the Illinois mange. In the spring assisted to dig a well; when fifty feet down asked to be let down to see stars, an old story thought in boyishness to be true. When down, the hired men pulled the buckets up leaving him to contemplate the chances of life and death for the well-digger, and surrounded the dinner table enjoying the fun of liis desertion and probable fright. Ayounglady, Miss Clarissa Shasteen, shamed them into hauling him up again, and half an hour later the well caved in, it being of course a providential escape for our subject. Entering the em- ploy of Kelso & Boren, druggists, of Lincoln, he was placed in charge of a branch store in Mt. Pulaski, in November, 1857. soon after he was made deputy postmaster, but nearly lost the place owing to his coolness toward the the " Danite " wing of the Democratic party. In 1860 he voted for Douglas for President, but was continued in office by President Lincoln, as it was known that he was a loyal man, true to the Union and opposed to nulli- fication or secession. Returning from Springfield with the news that the Star of the West had been fired upon by South Car- olinans, he was greeted by a crowd of his townsmen who asked his opinion as to the outcome of this high-handed act. His reply was that war was sure to follow, and that he was in favor of the coercion, subjugating, and necessary annihilation of a State or States that attemped secession. This sentiment was cheered. Mr, Beidler held the postoffice and voted Democratic until the National Democratic Convention of 1864 declared the war a fail- ure, since which time he has beau a radical Republican. During Johnson's administration, 1866 and 1868, Mr. Beidler was retired t^ 768 HISTOBT OF LOGAN COUNTY. as postmaster, and was re-appointed by General Grant in 1869, and he held the office interruptedly until 1882. He was made a Master Mason in 1868, was a charter member of Mt. Pulaski Chapter, No. 121, in 1871, and a charter member of Mt. Pulaski Commandery, No. 39, of which he was commander in 1880. He was the second man to propose the building of the G. C. & S. R. R. (now Springfield division, Illinois Central Railroad), and was one of its organizers and first directors; was village trustee and treasurer from 1872 to 1874. February 8, 1866, he married Miss Prudence Ann Capps, daughter of Jabez Capps, founder of Mt. Pulaski, and eleven children have blessed the union. He has taken an active interest in all the old settlers' meetings held in Mt. Pulaski, usually becoming general manager of all the ar- rangements, letiring from the platform in favor of the old settlers at and during their deliberations. To the' best of his means aided in the prospecting for coal and all other enterprises entered into for the prosperity and building up of his town. Mr. Beidler spent a thousand dollars in building a bath house in 1883, with a view of bringing the invaluable spring at the foot of Mt. Pulaski hill into prominence and use; lack of public interest made it a failure. He has been a regular correspondent of the Lincoln Herald for a decade — for other journals occasionally. Is now owner and local editor of Mt. Pulaski Repuhlican. Has continuously been in the drug trade in this place since arriving here in 1857. Has bought and sold much real estate in lands and town property. Mr. Beidler has always been a good money-maker but a poor money- keeper — using it unselfishly and for other's good. In religion he is a believer in the great over-ruling Jehovah of the universe — also believing that the finite is incapable of comprehending the infinite, that the miracle of existence here is more mysterious and less liable to our comprehension than a continued state of intelli- gent existence hereafter. David Bi/rks, farmer, section 8, township 17, range 2, is a na- tive of Logan County, a representative of one of its oldest families. His grandfather, Jeremiah Birks, was born in Georgia, lived sev- eral years in Tennessee, and about 1812 moved to White County, Illinois, being one of the first settlers of that county. Three or four years later he removed to the Currant River, Arkansas, and there engaged in farming till 1822, when he was visited by his daughter Polly, and her husband, Robert Buckles, who rode from "White County on horseback, each carrying a child, who are now ^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 769 well known in Logan County as William R. and Jeremiah Buckles. This visit led to the return of both the Buckles and Birks families to Illinois, and to their settlement on Lake Fork, in 1822. Jere- miah Birks bought a log house and a six or seven acre claim of John Porter, near the mouth of the Lake Fork. This he sold and then located on a claim, now the Zelle farm, near Lake Fork Sta- tion, and from there moved to the Steenberger farm, on which was a doable log house, or two cabins ten feet apart. Mr. Birks was a prime mover in laying out the cemetery on this farm. He was energetic and as ingenious as a Yankee, though born in Dixie, and did his own work in his own carpenter and blacksmith shop. He was twice married. First to Elizabeth Brown, by whom he had eight children — Polly, Rial, Riley, Levina, David, Rolland, Sarah and Betsey. Polly, David and Rolland are the only ones living. To his second marriage were born six children — Isom, Sarah, Ri- ley, Ann, Permelia and Richard. Of these, only Isom and Rich- ard are living. Mr. Birks is buried on the old Steenberger farm. His son, Rolland Birks, was born in White County, Illinois, De- cember 23, 1814. He is a large land-owner and farmer of Logan County, living on section 16, township 17, range 2. He first mar- ried Mary Yandeventer, who died August 20, 1876. To them were born five children — Melinda (deceased), David, James, John and Rebecca. His present wife was Mrs. Elizabeth J. Montgom- ery, daughter of Green Herring, of Knoxville, Tennessee, and widow of John Montgomery. David and James Birks (twins) were born in Mt. Pulaski Township, March 18, 1839. The latter is a farmer of Dakota. John Birks was born in April, 1841, and is now a farmer of Macon Coun'y, Illinois. David Birks has been a life-long resident of Logan County, and is now one of the most extensive farmers of this township, controlling about 1,100 acres. He has lived since 1853 on Bold Knob, a high hill commanding a beautiful landscape view. The first improvements were made and the present buildings were erected by his father. Mr. Birks married Sarah J. Copeland, who was born on her father's home- stead (where he still lives), on Lake Fork, February 7, 1842. Mr. and Mrs. Birks have one son — William Edward, born January 30, 1861. They are members of the Christian church. In politics Mr. Birks is a Democrat. Isom Birks was born March 12, 1820, in Missouri. His boyhood was spent among the timber and on the prairies of Logan County. He has followed farming all his life, and has lived on his present '^^ 770 HI8T0KY OF LOGAN OOHNTY. farm since 1846. Including the land deeded to his sons, he has owned and reclaimed about 600 acres of Illinois, and is to-day a fine example of the open-hearted, hospitable, hard-working men, who laid the foundations for the upbuilding of the State of Illi- nois. In 1839 Mr. Birks was married to Mary Lucas, daughter of John Lncas. She was born May 26, 1824, in Ohio. By this union there are eight living children — Riley Birks served nearly three years in the Union army, enlisting in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. He removed to Iowa in 1881, and is now farm- ing at Portsmouth, Shelby County, that State. He married Hethey J. Martin, by whom he has six daughters and fonr sons. Jerry Birks also served three years as a private in the One Hundred and Sixth. He married Mary A. Lanham,by whom he has one daughter. He is farming near his father. John L. Birks married Martha S. Wilmot and has two daughters. In 1872 he removed to Iowa, and is now farming at Portsmouth that State. Sarah E. Birks married Levi Wilson and moved to Kansas in 1869, where Mr. Wilson died five years later, leaving two sons. Thomas R. Birks, married Mary C. Gasaway, by whom he has three sons and one daughter. He is now living in Persia, Harrison County, Iowa, to which place he went in 1877. Rhoda A. Birks married T. J. Gas- away, of Logan County, by whom she has a son and a daughter. Isom F. Birks, now farming in Lake Fork, married Anna R. Treft. They have one son. Permelia I. Birks is unmarried and lives with her parents. Politically Isom Birks and all his sons and daughters are Democrats. The father of the subject of this sketch, Jeremiah Birks, was born in Georgia. He was twice married, the first wife being Elizabeth Brown, by whom he had eight children. His second wife was Rhoda Collins, daughter of Hngh Collins, who settled in Lake Fork in 1822. By his second marriage six children were born, and of his fourteen children only five are now living — David, Roland and Polly, by the first wife, and Richard and our subject, Isom, by the second. Of these, David and Richard live in Iowa; Roland and Isom are Lake Fork farmers, and Polly, at the age of eighty-four, is the surviving widow of Robert Buckles. Jeremiah Birks settled in White County, Illinois, in 1812, where he lived about four years, going from there to Missouri, and in 1822 came to Logan County, Illi- nois. He, with his wife and family of eight children, came with team and wagon, and made his claim at the mouth of Lake Fork, built a rude log hut, and with his stalwart sons began the work l^ 4. MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 771 of clearing away the timber. A year later he sold his land and removed to what is now the Turner farm, whera he bought eight or ten acres of cleared land, and in 1824 he bought of Hugh Col- lins the farm best known as the Steinbergen farm. There he built a two-story hewed log house, 20 x 24, with kitchen addition. On this farm was the Steinbergen graveyard, noted as the burial place ot many pioneer settlers. Isom F. Birks, farmer, section 13, was born February 3, 1857, on the Birks homestead in Mount Pulaski. His parents, Isom and and Mary (Lucas) Birks, were among tlie early settlers of this township. February 22,1877, he married Anna R. Treft, daugh- ter of John Treft. Her father was born February 25, 1816, came to Springfield in 1837, and died December 22, 1862, on the Lake Fork. His widow, Margret (Liecom) Treft, was born August 18, 1824, came to Springfield, November 15, 1840. She married Jo- seph Thomas and is now living in Lake Fork Township. Mrs. Birks was born November 15, 1857, in Lake Fork Township. Mr. and Mrs. Birks have one son — Herbert Elmer Birks, born May 30, 1880. They belong to the Christian church. Jeremiah Birks is a son of Isom and Mary (Lucas) Birks, and was born October 21, 1842, in Mount Pulaski Township. He lived on the paternal homestead until August 16, 1862, when he, with his brother, Riley Birks, enlisted in Company B, One Hun- dred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. The regiment went direct to Jackson, Tennessee, and from there in June, 1862, to the rear of Vicksburg, guarding the Yazoo Yalley. After the surrender of Vicksburg they went to Helena, Arkansas, and thence to Little Rock, assisting to capture that city. Later, a forced march was made toward Wichita, to cat off the Rebel cavalry that was trying to get in the rear of General Steele from the Red River battle near Shreveport. From August 16, 1864, until his discharge, March 7, 1865, Mr. Birks was disabled on account of sickness. Since the war he has lived on his present farm and remembers well his impressions formed during the war that the rank and file of the Confederate army were willing to acknowledge that the war was for the benefit of the ofiicers of the Confederacy and wrong. Mr. Birks was married November 16, 1865, to Mary A. Lanham, born August 2, 1844, in Illinois, daughter of John Wesley and Harriet Lanham. Her father died when she was but six weeks old, and her mother January 5, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Birks have one dauehter — Lucy L., born on the Lake Fork homestead December j» ■< S "- "'i s \ -^ -^ 772 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. 9 1866. The first President Mr. Birks cast his vote for was the Honorable Horatio Seymour, and the last one was the noble Cleve- land. He was a soldier who supported the red, white and blue, but yet a Democrat in politics. Rev. John, Theodore Boetticher, pastor of the Evangelical Lu- theran Zion Church, Mount Pulaski, was born April 4, 1829, in Duesseldorf, Rbinish Prussia. His secular studies were pursued at Essen, and in August, 1855, he graduated from the Theological Seminary in Barmen, Rhine Province. In December of the same year he came to America, settling in Illinois, his first congregation being in Monroe County. He spent two years in Vandalia, Illi- nois, and from 1861 to 1865 in La Grange, Missouri. From 1866 to 1870 he was in Golden, Illinois, in August of that year taking charge of his present congregation in Mount Pulaski, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Boetticher was married in Quincy, Illi- nois, to Henrietta "Waldecker, born 1832, in Lippe Detmold. Five children have been born to them — Wilhelmina,born December 16, 1857, now wife of Fred Bachman; Augusta, born May 9, 1861, now Mrs. H. Barmeister, (Messrs. Bachman and Barmeister are partners in the grocery business in Decatur, Illinois); Johannes S. P., born July 8, 1864, in La Grange, Missouri, died July 25, 1865; Simon W., born July 14, 1867, in Golden, Adams County, Illinois, is now pursuing his studies in St. Louis, and Emili, born December 28, 1872, in Mount Pulaski. James Broughton^ farmer, section 6, was born October 2, 1814, near the line of Fairfield and Pickaway counties, Ohio. In the spring of 1831, he came to Sangamon County, hiring out on a farm, and remembers as a boy he was furnished with a poor scythe, with which, dull as it was, he kept his place among the hay-makers. During the next few years he crossed Indiana seven different times on horseback. In 1837 his father, Isaac Brough- ton, step-mother and eleven children settled in Sangamon County. Isaac Broughton married, first, Mary "Watkins, who died in Ohio, leaving three children — James, Nancy and Perry. By the second marriage with Becky Rumor, there were eight children. James Broughton married Mary (Iden) Greenslate, born in Pike County, Ohio, daughter of Humphrey and Nancy (Rollins) Iden. Her mother died when she was seven years old and three years later she came to Logan County, where she married George Greenslate, of Greenup County, Kentucky. He enlisted in the One Hun- dred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, in July, 1862, and died in the ^1 ■ 4^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 773 service at Colambus, Georgia. He left four children — Peter, James W., Sarah E., and Charles H. Mr. and Mrs. Broughton have four children — Samuel M., Malissa L., Eli E. and Lewis E. Mr. Broughton bought his present farm at $2.50 per acre. He now has nearly 500 acres of valuable and well-improved land in Mount Pulaski and Chester townships, a tasteful farm house, sub- stantial barn, good fences and orchards and has done the greater part of the work with his own hands. George Brucher, section 8, was born September 16, 1828, in Wurtemburg. In 1833 his father, George Brucker, came to the United States and settled in Zanesville, Ohio. Ten years after, he came to a new prairie farm, in Mount Pulaski Township, where he lived until his death, whicii occurred in 1853. His widow sur- vives him, aged eighty years. There were ten children, three born in Germany, four in Ohio and three in Illinois. George Brucker, whose name heads this sketch, was employed for many years in Springfield, Illinois. In 1857 he began farming and now has 243 acres of fine farming land, ninety acres of timber. In 1865 he built one of the finest farm houses in Mount Pulaski Township. In March, 1856, he was united in marriage with Mar- garet Weller, who had come from Germany only two years pre- vious, with her brothers George and John Weller, now substan- tial farmers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Brucker have six children — Mary, Martha, Charles, Lizzie, Gottleib and Fredericka, all born in Mount Pulaski Township. Mr. Brucker is a Democrat and a member of the Lutheran church. Andrew Buckles is a son of Eobert and Mary Buckles, who set- tled in Logan County in 1822. He was born December 20, 1827, on the paternal homestead, Mount Pulaski Township,and has spent his life here. In early life he was an enthusiastic hunter, keeping a pack of greyhounds, and in winter often capturing three and four deer per day to say nothing of the turkey and wolf shooting. For the past forty years he has been a successful and devoted bee hunter, finding on an average six to eight trees per year. After 1856 the deer-hunting was a sport of the past, though geese, ducks, brant, etc., seemed to increasejfor a few years. About 1851 Mr. Buckles built the house in which he now lives, and began farming on 320 acres of land. He now has a home farm of 480 acres, with good buildings and improvements, and has 133 acres additional. March 1, 1855, he married Elizabeth "Whiteside, born May 15, 1828, in Cumberland County, Kentucky, and is the only Sp*- 774 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. living daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Graves) Whiteside. In 1831, her parents, with their ten children settled on a farm near Springfield, Illinois, and there Charles Whiteside died. The widow and family came to Logan County in 1851. There Were seven brothers — William A. and N. B. Whiteside are Sangamon County farmers; Franklin resides in Springfield; Milton is a resi- dent of La Cygne, Kansas; Thomas resides in Fort Collins, Colo- rado; Harvey is living in San Francisco and George is a resident of Olympus, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Buckles have three living children — M. Frances, born October 17, 1858, now wife of John England; Henry Sherman, born June 17, 1866, and Robert Emmet was born March 2, 1869. Four children are deceased — Charles Andrew, died in infancy; Margaret C, died in her seventeenth year; Flora, died at twenty-two years of age and Emma L., at eighteen. Mr. and Mrs. Buckles belong to the Cliristian church. In politics Mr. Buckles is a Republican. Elias Buckles is the oldest son of John Buckles and was born September 30, 1848, on the Buckles homestead and has spent his entire life in Logan County. As a son of one of the largest farmers and most extensive stock dealers in Logan County, much of his time was spent in the saddle on cattle buying excursions, with his father, and in supervising the work on the home farm, under his father's instructions. September 1, 1868, he married and at the age of twenty years began life for himself on a part of his present farm. This was known as the old Thomas Lushbaugh farm, though the place was occupied early in the '' '20.'8 " bf G. W. Turley, who laid out the embryo city of Jamestown about 1830. Early settlers remember the surveying of Jamestown on the beau- tiful mound, now the iiome of Mr. Buckles. The enterprise came to nothing and Squire Turley became one of the founders of Mount Pulaski. Vestiges of the old brickyard and log buildings of the Turleys yet appear on the farm. This hill is about six feet higher than the Mount Pulaski hill, and upon it, in 1870, Mr. Buckles built his handsome two-story house which he has environed with beautiful and ornamental trees. His barn, 44 x 66 feet, was built eight years later and his place is laid out on a plan similar to that of his father's beautiful home. Mr. Buckles has been an extensive feeder of cattle, turning off an average of 100 head of fat cattle per annum for the past eighteen years. A few years ago he bought iift)' head of mule colts, kept them till they were three years old, when he sold the entire lot. Mr. Buckles and his wife have now ?Fr i.^ -*. *„^^ -^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 775 1,200 acres of fertile land in one tract, being an inheritance from both the Buckles and Dyer estates. Both Mr. and Mrs. Buckles are members of the Christian church, having made an early pro- fession of Christianity. Politically Mr. Buckles is a Eepublican, keeping up the religious and political traditions of the family. Mrs. Buckles is a daughter of Harrison and Sarah (Turley) Dyer. She was born on the farm she now owns and is the only survivor of seven children. Harrison Dyer was born and reared in Ohio. In 1834:, his father, Israel Dyer, a millwright, brought his family, with a four-horse team, to Illinois, settling at Two-Mile Grove, where he died. Harrison Dyer, born August 31, 1814, was mar- ried in Logan County to Sarah A. Turley, a daughter of John Turley and granddaughter of James Turley, one of the first white settlers of Logan County. Sarah Turley Dyer died in 1850 and is buried in the Carlysle cemetery. Harrison Dyer married again Martha Rankin, who survives him. She was born in Ken- tucky, settled in childhood in Menard County, Illinois, came to Lake Fork in 1851, and is now making her home in Mount Pulaski, Illinois. Her husband died, beloved and respected by all who knew him, May 17, 1866, and is buried beside his first wife. Mr. and Mrs. Buckles have six living children — J. Harrison, born Jnly 24, 1869; Ora Ella, born November 13, 1871; MyrtaL., born April 5, 1872; Edna Jane, born March 19, 1876; Elias F., born March 20, 1878, and Hubert, born September 19, 1883. Ira Lee, born October 30, 1870, died October 17 of the following year, and Darius W., born October 26, 1874, died September 20, 1875. All the children were born on the Mount Pulaski farm and repre- sent the fifth generation of this notable family in Logan County. John BuoMes, of Mount Pulaski, is a fine type of the early set- tlers of Central Illinois. A native of the State, born October 7, 1822, in "White County, he came when an infant in arms to Logan County, and has spent his lifetime on practically the same farm which he now owns. His boyhood and young manhood were spent in the saddle in caring for the herds of his father, in deer hunting, and the manly athletic sports of that early day. He dressed in homespun, and knew nothing of the ways of the modern young man, or of "plug" hat and patent leathers. He attended the schools taught by Uncle "Billy" Copeland, Thomas Skinner, etc., the same being taught in a floorless log building belonging to his father. Arrived at his majority he took charge of a drove of hogs which he sold in Ricine, Wisconsin. The following year he led .V , Ms^ --- -^ 776 HISTOEV OF LOGAN CODNTY. the advance ox of a goodly drove of cattle bound for New York, actually walking nearly the entire distance. His pay was $12 per month. The trip was repeated the next year on better pay, in a better position. In December, 1847, he married Esther Jane Scroggin, daughter of Carter T. Scroggin, a pioneer of 1828, in Logan County. Mr. Buckles rived out the shingles for his first house, cut and hauled the logs to the saw-mill and built the house which stood sixty yards south of his present mansion. The new house bnilt in 1864 of brick manufactured on the ground is one of the stately homes of this county. Mr. Buckles has about 1,400 acres in the home farm, and, with his sons, owns about 4,000 acres of fertile Illinois land. On his farm Mr. Buckles has always made a specialty of the breeding, buying, rearing and traflScking in cat- tle, being regarded as one of the large cattle dealers of Central Illi- nois. From his youth he has been an active member and supporter of the Christian church, and none have done so much in its interests and support, his ample means being held at the disposal of church advancement. From his early manhood Mr. Buckles has affiliated with the Republican party, advocated its principles and worked for its interests when a large per celit. of his neighbors and pioneer- day friends were of a different political faith, and entertained ideas radically at variance with his own. The same sturdy manhood and resolute courageous indifference to the opinions of others leads Mr. Buckles to the advocacy of the formation of a third party on a temperance platform. No stubborn, wrong-headed willfulness actuates him in taking this stand, but it is rather the outgrowth of years of calm, careful, dispassionate consideration of the subject, and a broad-minded, unselfish desire to benefit his fellow creatures. As in politics is it in every question with which he is identified. Doing a " seven by nine" scale was never to his liking or practice, and his entire life has been modeled on an essentially broad-gauge, liberal, enlightened Christian-like plan. In the busy and active life of John Buckles we find a wonderful exhibition of vital power and endurance. From the time that he first became a stock-dealer and trader, reaching over a period of twenty years, he was almost constantly in the saddle. In those twenty years, deducting for sundries, he averagad no less than twenty miles a day, making in that time, counting 300 days to the year, 120,000 miles, enough to span the circumference of the earth more than four tioaes. These figures may astonish many living men, and there may be some who will feel inclined to discount them, but there are manj' things that MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. _ 77Y have occurred in the early life of many men and many things that have been done in the lives of the early pioneers that the rising gen- eration of to-day can not grasp and comprehend. The state of the weather was of no consequence; through wind and storm, rain and cold, he moved unchecked. His mind and energy were directed toward a given point; nothing turned him to the right or the left. In these twenty years, while his headquarters were in the saddle, he often rode as far as forty or fifty miles in a day, and in that time scarcely ever took his dinner at home, save on Sunday. Mrs. John Buckles was born February 29, 1828, in Logan County, where she has spent her life, a prudent, careful wife and faithful mother. The children are — Elias Buckles, born September 30, 1848 (see sketch); Darius Buckles, born February 18, 1850, married Miss Alice Turley, daughter of Eobert Turley, of Mount Pulaski; Cath- erine, married J. O. Turley (see sketch); John Marion Buckles, born March 16, 1858, married Alice Eankin, of Mount Pulaski, and will inherit the homestead which he is now managing with his father. Robert Buckles, deceased, was a descendant of an old German family founded in the colonial days of America. Born April 29, 1796, in Tennessee, he was brought by his parents, John and Anna Buckles, to White County, Illinois, where he grew to manhood and married, in 1818, Mary Birks, who survives him. She was born in Georgia, May 26, 1803, and is a remarkable woman. In 1822 Eobert and Mary Buckles made a wonderful horseback jour- ney to the home of her father, Jeremiah Birks, in Missouri or Ar- kansas, a ride of 800 miles over the swamps, bills and prairies. Each carried a child before them — the children who grew to be stalwart men and well remembered substantial Logan County farmers — Jeremiah and William E. Buckles. The hardships and privations of such a journey can be but faintly comprehended by the people of this day. Disliking the country South, the two fami- lies resolved to return North and make a final settlement in the "Sangamon country," through which Mr. Buckles had previously traveled. He and his wife made the return trip in their saddles, Mr. Birks and family coming in a twohorse wagon. Arrived at the mouth of the Lake Fork in May or June, 1822, Mr. Birks bought a "claim" of a Mr. Chapman, a log cabin constituting the "improvement." Mr. and Mrs. Buckle returned to White County, where a son, John Buckles, wps born, and a few weeks later, or in the fall of 1822, they returned and built a very small. j!^^ ^ - a ^ _ 778 HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. rude cabin of logs near Mr. Birks's house. Mr. Birks moved far- ther up Lake Fork that fall, however, and the long, dreary winter was passed by Mary Buckles in a room ten-feet square. It was floored with puncheons, roofed with " shakes," was windowless, had a door swung on wooden hinges, and a mud chimney or fire- place. Robert Buckles built this primitive home with only an ax and his strong hands. It was a wet, cheerless winter, and Mrs. Buckles did not see a white woman until spring. A more lone- some, wretched experience falls to the lot of but few of the wives and mothers of our land. The family lived on game and the fine fish taken from Salt Creek. In the spring of 1823 Robert Buckles removed to the farm on which he died. Here was a log house which was a slight improvement on the one already described, and in this the family lived several years. For more than a quarter of a century Mrs. Buckles did without a cook stove. A good brick chimney was built by Mr. Buckles, he and Thomas Skinner haying started a brick-yard early in the " '20'8." Both flax and cotton were raised by the early Lake Fork settlers, the cotton being "ginned" by hand, the staple being placed before a fire, and so heated as to loosen the seeds. It was carded, spun, woven, colored and made into garments wholly by hand labor, and about the same tedious method was taken with the flax. Many a day did Mrs. Buckles walk over a mile to her father's house, spin or weave all day, walk home and repeat next day, meanwhile caring for a large family absolutely without help of any kind. What would the housewives of to-day say or do were they confronted by the difficulties, hard work, and awk- ward implements and furniture of that olden time ! A bench and a beadle instead of a washing machine, and a hollow tree split in halves for a cradle,and in just such a cradle were rocked all the older children of Robert and Mary Buckles. Corn was beaten in the end of a log hollowed out for the purpose by a spring pole and iron wedge rigged for this business. This was sifted, sometimes through the perforated hide of an animal, the coarse part made into hom- iny, the finer into corn bread, rather unpalatable bread though, as remembered by the few now living who ate of it. It was baked on a smooth board placed before the fire, though later a tin " reflector' took its place. Wolves were very troublesome, and sheep-raising practically a failure. Bounties of corn were offered the men who could produce the greatest number of wolf scalps, and on one occa- sion Robert Buckles carried ofi" the first prize, 250 bushels of corn. George Girtman took the second, 125 bushels. " Bee trees" were ik. MT. PDLA8KI TOWNSHIP. 779 common and the settlers used to vie with each other in finding them. Mrs. Buckles herself found three well-stocked trees in one day. Honey took the place of sugar, though the rock maples of Lake Fork were regularly tapped with fair results in the early day- Robert Buckles was a successful and enthusiastic hunter, and hun- dreds of deer, wolves and wild turkeys fell before his steady rifle. Iq 1827 he enlisted in the Winnebago war and did good service. It was said that he was the strongest man and best shot in his battalion. Abraham Lincoln was a fellow soldier. They roughed it side by side, and between the two sprang up a close and lasting friendship which endured throughout the lives of both — lives so eventful and closing so nearly together. In his home, surrounded by his wife and children, Mr. Buckles showed the happiest phases of his character. As a husband he was kind; as a father he was just and generous. He became the father of fifteen children, all of whom are living but five. No man of his time and generation passed through more hardships and endured more privations than did Mr. Buckles. His life was early devoted to raising and driving stock to the then distant markets — Galena, St. Louis and Chicago. He drove cattle to Chicago in 1835. Chicago was then but a small trading post, situated, as it were, in a dreary swamp. " On 'Change " was then an item of the future. "Corners" had not invaded the marts of trade in the Northwest. " High freights " did not at that time disturb the populace. In those days monopolies did not sway imperious scepters over the heads of the people. The highway of that time was one of great antiquity. No bonds had been voted as a bonus. The rates upon the road were uniform and regular. Kobert Buckles was not taxed as much for moving his cattle 100 miles as he was for moving them 200. That was indeed a golden day of equity and cheap freights. There were no stopping-places along the way —no " middle-men " with habitations and stock yards had been provided for the weary drover. In driving hogs to Galena Mr. Buckles was compelled to remain night after night out upon the prairie with them, the broad canopy of heaven being his only shelter. He also drove hogs to St. Louis and other points, and upon these various trips he endured many hardships in the open and wild country. The territory was full of Indians, who caused him much trouble and involved him in many difficulties. These troubles and difficulties which he was called upon to encounter in this, at that time, unsettled country, the dangers he was called to meet, his 49 IfT 780 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. toils, his adventures and his conflicts incident to pioneer life, were of a most trying character. The history of the "deep snow," in the winter of 1830 and 1831, has been many times detailed and portrayed by writers of pioneer history. The trials and bitter pri- vations of that winter the young people of to-day can form but a faint conception of. In fact, they can poorly comprehend the various hardships and conflicts through which the early settlers of this country passed in the whole period of pioneer history. Such days can never come to the pioneers who still advance toward the West. For to-day we behold that a restless civilization has rolled its wheels across the mountains to the golden shore, and calls to the pioneer to follow and "possess the goodly land." In the next fifty years the pioneer will not face as many difficulties as was faced by the pioneers of fifty years ago. Mr. Buckles died Feb- ruary 18, 1866, and it is the least that can be said that his decease left a vacancy in the ranks of the old settlers that must be a source of lasting sorrow to all who survive him. His children were — William R., Jeremiah, John, Elizabeth, Levinia, Andrew, Peter, Chalton C, Mary, Robert, Wiley, Henry H., Sarah, Jemima and Lucinda. His widow, a hale, strong woman, is to-day, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-three years, a wonderfully interesting person to meet. In full possession of all her faculties, her memories of the eventful past are keen and her vivid descriptions of singularly graphic power. She was the mother of fifteen children, ten of whom are now living, and is grandmother to seventy-three people, great- grandmother to 101, and great-great-grandmother to one — there thus being five living generations of this historic family. Conver- sation with one whose life spans so great a portion of this century is like an interview with one of a past and almost forgotten age; but not forgotten, for there should come joy and honor to a woman who, like Mrs. Buckles, faced the storms and privations of an un- tried wilderness, without seeing the face of a white woman for six months at a time, in the midst of savages, being compelled to fasten with props the doors of their log cabin when alone with her children for successive nights, to shield her and her charge from the inhumanity of the Indians of that day, which marked the era of the Black Hawk and other Indian wars. Such a woman should be loved and cherished until life's latest hours; and when she has passed from earthly toil to a rest beyond the tomb, she should be remembered as a light and power, who left the impress of her life and character so grandly upon the earth. Although her life was one of MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 781, toil and hardship — one full of burdens — she never faltered. Her aim was victory. She gained it,and, having lived more than four-score yearsjshe looks over the times and places of her life's struggles with a happy contentment, standing upon the shore, waiting to be" hold the stars show their faces through the glimmering twilight of the evening of life. By and by the harvester will come to gar- ner the golden sheaves for immortality; and in going from home to home, the tireless and unselfish energy of this aged pilgrim for the comfort of her children, and that motherly love and devotion when the north winds sighed around the lonely pioneer cabin, will not be forgotten. William B. Buckles, deceased, was the eldest son of Robert and Polly Buckles, and was born July 10, 1819, in White County, Illinois. In 1819 he came with his parents to Lake Fork, and spent his entire life here as a farmer. Perhaps no man who ever lived in Logan County was more successful as a hunter. In the days of his young manhood game of all kinds abounded in the timber on the prairies, and hundreds of deer, turkeys, wolves, etc., have been slain by him. As a bee-hunter he excelled all, even in his later days pursuing this amusement with more zeal and success than any younger and more active man. He located on the farm where he died and where his widow now lives, in 1841. He was mar- ried October 12, 1841, to Mary A. Scroggin, born November 27, 1820, in Gallatin County, Illinois, coming with her people to Logan County early in 1827. She is the daughter of Carter T. Scroggin. Mr. Buckles died February 11, 1'885, and is buried in the Carlysle burying-ground, the last resting-place of so many of the early set- tlers of Lake Fork. Both Mr. and Mrs. Buckles were for about forty years connected with the Lake Fork Christian church, Mr. Buckles being a trustee of it for most of the time. At his death his large landed estate was willed to his wife and children, save two acres, which he dedicated to religious purposes. His children were — Louisa, who married James T. Wright, and died April 2, 1878, leaving three children, who have the care of a parent in their grandmother; Phebe C. Buckles, born November 30, 1842, married D. C. Eidgeway; H. H. Buckles, born November 29, 1845, now a prosperous hardware merchant of Oxford, Kansas; C. T. Buckles, born October 15, 1848, residing with his mother on the homestead, and R. F. Buckles, born June 16, 1850, now State's Attorney of Brown County, Kansas. All the children were born on the Lake Fork homestead, which was the first settled farm in '7^ ^ liL 78'2 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Lake Fork, it being the "claim" of James Turley, a settler of 1820. Jabez Caj}ps, Sr., is of Saxon and Huguenot lineage and was born September 9, 1796, in London, England. At the age of twenty- one he decided to come to America, and after a three-months voy- age landed at Boston. Later he visited N ew York and Philadelphia, traveling on foot from the latter city, over the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains, to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He then voy- aged on a flat-boat to Cincinnati, where he remained two years. He then visited Louisville, Kentucky, and from there proceeded on foot to St. Louis, where he spent the winter of 1819-'20. He then came to Illinois. Mr. Capps hab been twice married; the first wife was Prudy Ann Stafford, born in Vermont, married December 7, 1828. She died May 13, 1836, leaving three chil- dren — Charles, Ebenezer and Oliver. Another son, Thomas, died in youth. Charles S. Capps is now manager of Mount Pulaski nursery, which he and his father founded in 1858. Ebenezer is a resident of Kansas, and Oliver is in California. By the second marriage, with Miss Elizabeth Baker, of Kentucky, there were ten children — John H., now of Mount Pulaski; Prudence, Mrs. S. Linn Beidler, of Mount Pulaski; Mary, wife of M. McNattin, died in 1877; William, Benjamin D., Jabez, Jr., Edward, Harry and Maud are at home; Frank died in youth. Mrs. Capps died May 8, 1877. Jabez Capps, Sr., now in his ninetieth year, is active, clear-headed, and in full possession of all his faculties, even to the reading of ordinary print without the aid of spectacles. He was the first school-teacher in Sangamon County, and taught his second term in the old log " court-house" in Springfield, erected at a cost of $62. He was also one of the first merchants in Springfield, where he owned much real estate, and carried on a large dry-goods and general mercantile business, with a branch store at Vandalia, then the State capitol. He at one time owned the ground on which the tomb of Abraham Lincoln is built. He was one of the three found- ers of Mount Pulaski, at one time owning most of the town site and all the land north to Salt Creek. He was considered the leading business man and capitalist of Logan County. He served one term as recorder of deeds, when the county seat was at Postville, and was postmaster at Mt. Pulaski for fifteen years. In early life he had been a Whig, but since the organization of the Republicans has cast his vote for that party. He has a large home-like residence in the village and is peacefully passing his time, rich in the es- teem of all fortunate enough to know him. C ^n^r^A^^iic^T^ ^drvYlJ^ MrsJonathan Combs, MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 768 Jonathan Comis, grain dealer at Mount Pulaski, came to Logan County in 1860, buj-ing eiglity acres of wild prairie on section 23, Chester Township, paying$11.25 per acre. Two-thirds of the town- ship was wild land at that time, the average price being about $7 per acre. Mr. Combs built a frame house 24 x 26 feet and be- gan farming operations in the fall of 1860, which has resulted in his present ownership of a well-improved and valuable farm of 320 acres in Ciiester Township, besides which lie owns 240 acres on sections 5 and 8, Laenna Township. These farms are leased under his supervision, he having resided in Mount Pulaski since 1877. He has a pleasant and well-appointed home, a block of ground, well fenced, and the needful buildings erected by himself. In 1880 he formed a partnership with Z. K. Wood for the purpose of car- rying on the grain business. Mr. Combs still keeps up the active habits of a busy life, attending to the oulside business and street buying. Mr. Combs was born March 11, 1829, in Ross County, Ohio, and was reared a farmer. His father, Joshua Combs, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and was in early life a car- penter and cabinet-maker. He married Sarah Brancher, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, who died in 1863. She was of a pioneer family in Ohio and a sister of Colonel I. R. Brancher. The father came to the home of his son, our subject, and there died during the same year. Four sons and one daughter had been born to them. One son, Albert Combs, died in Mount Pulaski Township in 1883, after a residence of about three years in Illinois, His family re- sides near Lake Fork. Jonathan Combs was married in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1849, to Anne Rose, a native of Germany, born March 17, 1826. Her fathei settled in Albany, New York, when she was eight years old, and a year later removed to. Ross County, Ohio. They have six living children — Nelson, Mary, Sarah, Augustus, Eliza and Katie. The three eldest were born in Picka- way County, Ohio, and the others in Logan County, Illinois. Mr. Combs is a Republican, of Whig antecedents and is a member, with his wife, of the Universalist church. And/rew Danner,^8r., farmer, section 23, was born in 1808 in Wurtemburg, and is the son of Christian Banner, a blacksmith who was crippled by the freezing of his lower limbs in Andrew's boyhood. This compelled him to drag himself around on his hands. Andrew Danner served as a blacksmith's apprentice four years and worked at the trade for eight years, in the fatherland. In 1839 he came to America, working at blacksmithing for four '-^ 784r HI8T0KT OF LOGAN COUNTY. years, in Hagerstown, Maryland. He came to Springfield in the fall of 1839, walking from there to Mount Pulaski soon after. Here he found only Jabez Capps and Dr. Robinson, living in log houses. He purchased an outfit of tools in Springfield and im- mediately opened the first permanent blacksmith's shop in Mount Pulaski, and worked at that trade for eighteen years. In 1841 he bought eighty acres of Government land, which he still owns, his farm now consisting of 120 acres, besides forty of timber. Mr. Danner has made good improvements on this farm, in the way of building, tree-planting and fencing. He married Magdalena Mer- ganthaler, by whom he lias six children living — Christiana, now Mrs. Becker; Margaretta, now Mrs. Sommer; Christian, Mrs. Catherina Epting, John, and Marian, now Mrs. John Khinder. The sons are with the parents, on the homestead, and the family are members of the First Lutheran Church, Mount Pulaski. Christian Danner, section 23, Mount Pulaski Township, is one of the pioneers of the township, locating here in the spring of 1840. He and his brother Andrew were the first permanent blacksmiths of the township. Jabez Capps and Dr. Robinson were the only residents of the village at that time. Each of the brothers was given a lot and on one they built the first frame house in Mount Pulaski. It stood south of the square, now the site of Danner's clothing store. Mr. Capps was the only merchant and the Danners were the onlj' blacksmiths between Springfield and Clinton. There were no roads nor bridges in the country, and prices for labor were very low, $1.50 being the price for shoeing a horse all around with new shoes. They bought their iron on credit of Jabez Capps, and made their own shoes. Late in the fall the farmers would take their pork to Mr. Capps, who paid them $1.50 per hundred pounds for it, deducting the amount of their blacksmith's bill, and from that his own bill for iron and pay the Danners the balance. " Many a time," says Mr. Danner, " has a farmer rode up to my shop, saying ' I want a couple of old shoes set for two. bits and will pay in venison,' and while I was setting the shoes he would go out on the prairie, in plain sight, and shoot the deer." At the close of the Mexican war, the California gold excitement brought in money more plentifully, and "Mr. Danner went to St. Louis and bought a quantity of damaged iron at 1^ cents a pound. He then began the manufacture of heavy wagons, which he sold to the gold hunters for $125. He also made the first iron plows in Mount Pulaski, buying the pattern in 'cru ^,' MT. PtJLASKl TOWNSHIP. 785 St. Louis, and doing the entire worli himself. He made the mill spindles for Bowers and other mills in the county, and the early settlers still remember his skill and ingenuity in devising ways and means to do these difiScult jobs of blacksmithing; also the strength and agility he displayed in shoeing the refractory horses, which, unaccustomed to being shod more than once a year, were naturally hard to handle. Mr. Danner was undoubtedly the most skillful blacksmith in the county, and has often been called from his farm to the shops in Mount Pulaski to do nice pieces of work. He has lived on his farm since 1857. Mr. Danner was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, December 13, 1810, and came to America with his brother Andrew in 1834. He worked in the large black- smith shops and carriage works of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, six years. He was married in 1838 to Eva Smith, a native of "Wur- temburg, who came to America in 1837. She died in 1854, leav- ing four children— Andrew, born July 7, 1841, was the first German born in Mount Pulaski; Henry, a farmer of this township; John, on the homestead and Kate, wife of Fred Binder. In 1855 Mr. Danner married Dorothy Birkhardt, a native of Wurtemburg, who came to America in 1852. She died in 1873, leaving five children — Mary, wife of John Roth; Christena, Christian, George and Gottleib. Mr. Danner is a member of the Lutheran church and has helped build three churches in Mount Pulaski. Sorell Doten, farmer, was born March 16, 1821, in Barnard, Vermont, and is a son of Isaac and Rosella (Clapp) Doten. He is a descendant of Edward Doten, who came on the Mayflower, and whose name is inscribed on Plymouth Rock. Both his grandfa- thers were among the pioneer settlers of "Windham County, "Ver- mont, going there from Massachusetts at the close of the Revolu- tion. His mother's father, Benjamin Clapp, having served with distinction in the Continental army, was elected to sixteen con- secutive sessions of the Vermont Legislature. His wife was of the Le Baron family. At the age of twenty-two Sorell Doten re- moved to Huron County, Ohio, where he resided as a farmer until 1858, when he removed to Lincoln, Illinois. Nine years later he settled on a farm on section 2, Mount Pulaski Township, building a first-class farm house and making other substantial improve- ments. He sold the farm in 1883. Mr. Doten now has 320 acres in Chester and Mount Pulaski townships, and is about to erect a commodious residence. He is a member of the Universalist church, Mount Pulaski. In olden times he was a "Whig in poli- '-^ 1r86 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUMTY. ties, and was a member of the first county convention in Ohio held under the name "Republican." This was in Huron County in 1'856, and delegates were nominated to the lirst Republican State Convention. Mr. Doten married in Huron County, Ohio, Eliza- beth Nelson, born in Peru, Ohio. Her father, John Nelson, one of the pioneers of Ohio, was from Deerfield, Massachusetts, and blazed his path from Cleveland to Huron County, through the dense woods, when he was but seventeen years of age. Mrs. Do- ten is a member of the same church as her husband. Mr. and Mrs. Doten have five children — Mary, wife of Frank V. Nichol- son, and Harry J. were born in Huron County, Ohio; Agnes L. and Elizabeth were born in Lincoln, Illinois, and Gertrude, on the Mount Pulaski homestead. Robert Downing, farmer, section 2, was born in Woodbridge, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1793. He is a son of John and Hannah (Frakes) Downing, who removed to what is now Ross County, Ohio, about the commencement of the present century. Here Robert Downing grew to manhood, accustomed to farm work and wood-craft. In 1813 he enlisted in an Ohio battalion and served some months in the war of 1812. He is now one of the few surviving pensioners of that struggle. In 1822 he came with his father and two brothers from Madison County, Ohio, to Salt Creek, Logan County (then Sangamon County), Illi- nois. Thej' came with horse teams and covered wagons, crossing Indiana, then a wilderness, with scarce any vestige of improvement. The settlers on Salt Creek were Patrick Frakes, Nicholas Moore and James Scott, with their families. Mr. Downing entered eighty acres and began life in an unhewn log house, floored with pun- cheons and roofed with clapboards. Springfield, thirty miles south- west, a small " huddle " of log buildings, was the nearest " town," their county-seat and postoffice. During the first year the corn for these settlers was pounded on a log by means of a spring pole and wooden pestle. In 1824 Mr. Downing hauled a load of oats and a quantity of butter to Chicago, receiving three " bits " for oats and a " bit" for butter. Cows, pigs and chickens were almost unknown luxuries among them for a year or two. About 1826 Mr. Downing went to the " lead region," where he spent two years, and found pork worth $18 per barrel and flour at $12, and gen- eral hard times prevailing. One pair of boots lasted him all this time, and those he made himself from a rudely cut and sewed cow-hide. With money earned here he was enabled to "prove l^ '-\^ MT. PDLASEI TOWNSHIP. 787 up" on hiB preemption, tlie patent, signed by Andrew Jackson, being still in the family. Mr. Downing's present homestead now comprises 540 acres. The substantial farm house was built in 1851, and the old place with its village of barns and the native timber surrounding it presents a most homelike and picturesque appear- ance. Robert Downing is a man who is nearing the end of life iu the enjoyment of the fullest respect of all who know him, and is a type of the brave and resolute pioneers of Illinois. His wife, Jane (Morrow) Downing, was born in the State of New York and died in 1881. She was a faithful helper in the stormy days of frontier troubles, and a trusted companion in the later and brighter days. Of their children, the eldest was John M., born on Salt Greek, September 22, 1822, dying fifty-seven years later; Hannah, born March 3, 1825, is also dead; Mary, born August 3, 1827, is the wife of George Roberts; Lorenzo, born December 27, 1829, is a farmer in Logan County; Alej^ander, born February 26, 1832, is now a carpenter in Lincoln, Illinois. He served three years in the Rebellion and came out a Sergeant of the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry; Melita, born March 26, 1834, is the widow of Thomas Downing, of Mount Pulaski Township; Clay, born August 30, 1836, enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry and died in the service; Elizabeth, born February 24, 1839, is the wife of Samuel Downing, of Chester Township; Delilah, born February 10, 1842, is the wife of David Shellhamer; R. Harden Downing, born August 9, 1844, is owner of a large farm and man- ager of the homestead. Father and sons have been Republicans since the organization of the party. Thomas Downing, deceased, was born in Pike County, Ohio, and is a son of Samuel and Margaret (Matthews) Downing, both Pike County people. Samuel Downing married twice, the second wife being Mary Matthews, sister of his first wife. The family came to Illinois in 1846, settling on Salt Creek, Logan County, where Samuel Downing died in 1865, aged seventy-two years. He left seven children, all born in Pike County, Ohio. The subject of this sketch, Thomas Downing, married, in 1853, Miss iSdelita, daughter of Robert Downing, a pioneer settler of Logan County, of whom a sketch can be found elsewhere in this volume. Thomas Downing was a life-long farmer, and located on the farm where his widow now lives in 1870. He died November 14, 1877, leav- ing six children — Mary, Melissa, Frances, George, Nelson and Lo- renzo, all born in Logan County, Illinois. One daughter, Sarah, J >y Ui^ 788 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. died at the age of eighteen, and four young children died before the father. Mr. Downing was an honorable man, a good citizen, and his death was regretted by all his friends. He was not a politician, though taking part in elections, and was in political faith a Dem- ocrat. Peter Fenton was born December 21, 1836, near Baltimore, In- diana, and was reared in Hamilton County, Indiana, where his father, Benjamin Fenton, was an early settler, and where he died. In 1853 the widowed mother, with seven children, came to Logan County. The children were — Ann, Martha, Catherine, Joseph, Qharles, Peter, and Mary, who died at the age of twenty-five years. Joseph and Charles enlisted in Company I, of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, and both died in the Union ser- vice. Peter married, September 20, 1859, Miss Mary M. Mier, daughter of George Mier, the first German settler in Mount Pu- laski Township. Five children have been born to them — George W., Sophronia, John T., Clara B. and Chloa A. Mr. Fenton lo- cated on his present farm in 1868 and has it well fenced and tiled, with snug and commodious buildings. In politics he casts his vote for the Democratic party. He is a deacon in the Lake Fork Chris- tian church. His mother died during the war of the Kebellion and was buried at Elkhart. James W. Gasaway, retired farmer, was born July 29, 1818, in Ross County, Ohio. He is a son of John Gasaway, farmer, and native of Frederick County ,Ya., who married Catherine Anderson, of the same county. They settled in 1810 on the Scioto bottoms in Ross County, among the pioneers. Nine children were born to them. Of these James W. Gasaway was the pioneer of Illinois, locating on section 9, Lake Fork Township, in 1852. Here his wife died, August 7, 1877, leaving four children — Nicholas B., of Mount Pulaski; William D., of Hastings, Nebraska, and two daughters, Sciota Alice and Minerva Jane. They lost eight chil- dren — Thomas, aged seventeen ; John, aged fourteen, and the oth- ers in childhood and infancy. Since 1878 Mr. Gasaway and his daughters have resided in Mount Pulaski, though owning his Lake Fork farm. He has been a life-long farmer and is a Democrat in politics. In Lake Fork he served several years as collector, asses- sor, road commissioner, and justice of the peace. His son, N. B. Gasaway, married Evelyn Mann, who died December 15, 1883, leaving seven children; W. D. Gasaway married Rebecca Earner and has five children. f ^^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 789 John B. Gordon^ of Mount Pulaski, was born 1845 in Waynes- burg, Fennsylvania. His grandfather, John B. Gordon, was the author, in the State Legislature of Pennsylvania, of the bill for the building of locks and securing of river navigation between Pittsburg and Brownsville, Pennsylvania. In 1856 the father of our subject, William Gordon, formerly a contractor and builder of Waynesburg, removed his family to Mount Pulaski, and in 1861 he went to Colorado, where he lost an arm while engaged in min- ing operations. He was in Denver, Colorado, when the entire town, then a mere mining camp, was washed away, and witnessed the founding and growth of the present city. After spending sev- eral years in New Mexico be returned to Mount Pulaski, where he has ever since resided. Our subject went to Kansas in 1866, and was employed by McCoy Brothers, noted stockmen, in build- ing the first stock-yards at Abilene, Kansas, for years thereafter the great emporium of the Texas cattle trade. In 1867 he had charge of their Kansas City stock yards, superintending the ship- ment of forty car loads of cattle per day, for five months of the year. He enjoyed the fullest confidence of these millionaire cattle kings, and on one occasion made a trip to the plains for the. capt- ure of wild buffalo, elk, etc., for a traveling exhibit, which they proposed to inaugurate. Several specimens of buffalo were actu- ally captured, in a trip full of exciting adventures. Mr. Gordon has seen much of frontier life and wild Western ways in Kansas and the Indian Territory. In 1871 he returned to Mount Pulaski where he has since engaged in farming, and, since 1873, in the liv- ery business, for which he is fully equipped, having twelve to fifteen horses with a goodly stand of vehicles, 'busses and a hearse. He married, in 1873, in Mount Pulaski, Dorothea Shepard, by whom he has three children. F. P. Heyle, Secretary and Treasurer of the Mt. Pulaski Mining Company, was born in Peoria, Illinois, November 18, 1853. His father. John C. Heyle, born in Baltimore, Maryland, removed from Columbus, Ohio, to Peoria, Illinois, about 1830, where he died in 1868. His wife, Mary (Fountain) Heyle, was born in Co- lumbus, Ohio, and died in 1872, in Springfield, Illinois. F. P. Heyle was educated in his native city, and was for eleven years in the railroading business, being six years as station agent at Peoria, for the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad Company, and five years in the same capacity for the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroad Company, of the same city. His wife was Adda (Collyer) f Wr- 1^ 790 ei6T0BY OF LO&AN OOUiNTT. Heyle, born in Lacon, Marshall County, Illinois, daughter of Theodore Collyer, an early settler of Marshall County, and for the last sixteen years a resident of Peoria. Mr. and Mrs. Heyle have one son — Frank T.,born October 2, 1884, in Peoria, Illinois. Mr. Heyle is a Democrat in political views. JohruM. HopMn&, City Engineer, Mt. Pulaski, was born in 184:8, in Hamilton County, Indiana. In 1862 his father, Andrew Hop- kins, removed the' family to Zionsville, Indiana, where John M. receiTcd his education and learned engineering. He served seven months in the Union army in 1864-'65, as a musician in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Indiana Infantry, though for the greater part of his time he was detailed on special service. In 1872 he came to Logan County, Illinois, locating at Chestnut, where he was employed as engineer in the saw-mill, and later in the junction elevator of Z. K. Wood, Mt. Pulaski. He was ap- pointed to his present position September 9, 1884, and is also cap- tain and chief engineer of the Phoenix Fire Company, Mt. Pulaski. He was married to Miss Carrie Rows, of Pickaway County, Ohio. They have one daughter — Marie M., born in Mt. Pulaski. In politics Mr. Hopkins casts his vote for the Republi- can party. George Jenner, proprietor of the Green Tree saloon, Mt. Pulaski, came here as a wagon-maker, in 1871. For six years he was in partnership with his brother in that business, going then into the saloon business. His two-story brick building was erected in 1884. Mr. Jenner is noble grand of Lucas Lodge, I. O. O. F., and has been for the past three years. He was born in 1849, in Wurtemburg, where he learned wagon-making. His wife was Kate Danner, of Mt. Pulaski, and they have six children — Annie, George D., Edward J., Katie, Minnie and Carrie, the last two twins. They were all born in Mt. Pulaski. Charles S. Landis, Justice of the Peace, Notary Public and loan and collection agent at Mt. Pulaski, was born January 15, 1842, in Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1853 his father, Dr. P. K. Landis, removed with his family to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he and his daughter Juliette died of cholera in 1854. The widow and mother then removed to Mt. Pulaski Township, where our subject lived as a farmer, caring for the interests of the family for eighteen years. He then came to the village where he has since resided. His mother died in October, 1883, aged seventy-four years. Of the eleven children born to Doctor and Mrs. Landis three sons and five A MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 791 daughters are now living. Our subject is a leading Free Mason, belonging to the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Conimandery of Mt. Pulaski. In politics he is a Democrat, and has been elected four times assessor of his township, and served five times as deputy assessor. He was in the army sixteen months, and participated in Sherman's campaiga from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta, Georgia, serving with Captain Johnson, Assistant Quartermaster, as issuing clerk in the Fourteenth Army Corps. John Lincoln, grain dealer at Mt. Pulaski, is a grandson of Marshall Lincoln, and a son of Thomas and Susanna (Betz) Lin- coln, all Pennsylvanians by birth. Thomas Lincoln and wife died in Pickaway County, Ohio, and are buried at Circleville, Ohio. Our subject was born November 9, 1837, in Union County, Penn- sylvania. In 1842 he went to Pickaway County, Ohio, where he remained until 1856, when he came to Mt. Pulaski. He was a farmer here until 1865, when he went into the live-stock business, buying and shipping. In 1877 he leased the Mt. Pulaski mill and elevator, managing both three or four years, since which time he has devoted his time to the grain business at the elevator. He was married to Melinda Morris, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, by whom he has five children — Mary, Charles W. (now cashier of the Farmer's Bank, Mt. Pnlaski), Maud, Edward and Warren, all born in Mt. Pnlaski. S. B. Lincoln^ farmer, of section 9, was born in 1820, in Union County, Pennsylvania. He is a grandson of Mordecai and a son of Thomas Lincoln, both Pennsylvanians. Thomas Lincoln re- moved his family to a farm near Circleville, Ohio, where he died. His wife, Susanna (Betz) Lincoln, born in Pennsylvania, died ten years after her husband and is buried with him at Circleville. S. B. Lincoln came from there to Illinois, in 1856, and commenced living on his present farm in 1857. A shanty and a few acres of breaking comprised the improvements at that time. To-day he has a well-improved farm, and a pleasant home protected by trees of his own planting. He married in Ohio, Arminda Morris, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, daughter of John Morris, a farmer, and a native of Virginia. He died in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln have four children— William, a farmer of Logan County; John, in the insurance business in Lincoln, Illinois; Ellen, now Mrs. Ship- man, and Samuel, at home. All were born in Pickaway County, Ohio. Mr. Lincoln belongs to the Mount Pulaski Methodist Epis- 792 HI8T0EY OF LOGAN COUNTY. copal Church. He has been a Republican since the organizatioa of that party. John Lipp was born in Konigstadten, Hesse-Darmstadt, Sep- tember 28, 1837. His father, Joim Lipp, was a baker. Our sub- ject came to America in 1859, settling in Evansville, Indiana. In 1862 he came to Lincoln, Illinois, entering the employ of his bro- ther, J. N. Lipp. During 1862-'63 he was in the United States service as a baker, and was present at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and other notable battles. Returning to Jeffersonville, he married Amelia Heier, born June 15, 1842, in that town. In 1865 he re- moved again to Lincoln, Illinois, where he owned and managed a bakery until 1876, when he sold his business and came to Mount Pulaski, where he opened a saloon and also a bakery and restau- rant. Prior to this, in 1876, he spent four months in the Father- land, where both his parents yet live, at the age of eighty-two years. Mr. Lipp remained in active business until 1884, when he retired. He has a beautiful home which he bought and enlarged in 1881. Of the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Lipp, two are now living — August Henry, born March 25, 1866, in Lincoln, Illinois, and Anna M., born in Lincoln, Illinois, May 13, 1875. Louisa, born April 5, 1869, in Jeffersonville, Indiana, died April 3, 1879. Emilie, born in Mount Pulaski, died October 8, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Lipp are members of the Second Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Democrat. A. H. Lucas was born on the Lucas homestead, half a mile west of his present house, on July 8, 1833. His father, Jesse K. Lucas, born in 1807, in Greene County, Ohio, was a son of Abraham and Marcy (Kelsey) Lucas. Twelve children were born to them; the sons were — Joseph, Thomas, Jesse K., James, John and Jabez. In 1825 Abraham Lucas with his family came to Sangamon County from Ohio, and three years later they removed to a farm on the Lake Fork. Here the old people died, and they and several of their children are buried in the Steenbergen cemetery. Jesse K. Lucas married, in Sangamon County, Jane Bowman, daughter of Richard and Mary Bowman, and by her had nine children — Sarah, deceased; Richard B., Abraham H., Mary J., now Mrs. R. Connaway; Arminda, now Mrs. J. Nicholson; Marcy, wife of Will- iam Chrystolier; Thomas, died in infancy; Hannah E., wife of John Roberts, and Phebe, unmarried. J. K. Lucas settled first on the present Caleb K. Lucas farm, in 1828, and about ten years later removed to the farm, where he died December 6, 1874. Our l"^ A i^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. Y93 subject, A. H. Lucas, has always lived on the farm where he was born, though in 1878 he bought the Shiver farm and here built, in 1883, a tasteful and commodious residence. He now has 750 acres and is looked upon financially and in every way as one of the solid men of his native county. In politics he is a Democrat. He mar- ried in Springfield, Illinois, in 1861, Mary J. Brock, born in Madi- son County, Ohio. She died in 1863, leaving a son, Oscar J. Lucas, born August 22, 1862. In 1871 he married, in Mount Pu- laski Township, Phebe A. Landis, a native of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Lucas have a daughter — Grace M. Lucas, born November 21, 1873. C. K. Lucas is the only living son of John and Sarah (Bowman) Lucas, and was born February 14, 1833, on the Lake Fork home- stead, Logan County, the farm he owns to-day. His father, John Lucas, born in Greene County, Ohio, July 31, 1801, married, at the age of twenty years, Sarah Bowman, born May 27, 1799, in Kentucky. In 1825 they came to Illinois, living for two years near Athens, Sangamon County, going from there to Fancy Creek where they spent a few months. In 1828 they settled on the pres- ent farm of C. K. Lucas, building a log house of fair dimensions, to which another was added, making the typical " double log house" of early times. This was built to the east of Mr. C. K. Lucas's present home, and an orchard and grove of ornamental trees has been grown around the site. Mr. John Lucas was elected justice of the peace at the age of twenty-one years, and held the office during most of his life. In 1844 and 1845 he was sheriff and collector of Logan County, and in the State Legislature of 1848. He died April 23, 1855, leaving eight children— Mary, wife of Isom Birks, born May 26, 1824; Elizabeth, born April 8, 1827, now Mrs. E. S. Scroggin; Hannah, born March 2, 1829, married Henry Eeed and died in Iowa, December 2, 1870; Thomas Lucas, born April 14, 1831, died February 19, 1855; Caleb K, born February 14, 1833; John, born March 3, 1835, died in Feb- ruary, 1869; Jane, Mrs. A. R. Dalton, of Missouri, was born Feb- ruary 11, 1837, and Sarah, born September 22, 1841, married Benjamin Ditzler, deceased, and now resides at Decatur, Illinois. The widow of John Lucas married again, Eev. Michael Mann, and died October 9, 1867. She 'was a daughter of Eichard and Mary (Senteney) Bowman. John Lucas was a son of Abraham Lucas, born in Morris County, New Jersey, who married there Marcy Kelsey, and removed in an early day to Ohio, living princi- Y94 HI8T0EY OF LOCJAN OOUNTT. pally in Greene County. Our subject, C. K. Lucas, was reared and received his education in Logan County, and is pre-eminently a farmer. His estate comprises 560 acres of fertile land, adjoining the heavy timber of Lake Fork on the north, and crossed by the section line road. On the east side of this highway Mr. Lnca* built, in 1876, an elegant three-story farm-house on the most approved of modern plans. A farm barn to correspond was built the same year. Mr. Lucas has never, in any sense, been a politi- cian, the successful supervision of his farming and live-stock in- terests employing his time to more pleasure and profit. He is, however, on national issues, a Democrat politically. The breed- ing of English Shire Cleveland Bay horses, Cottswold and South- down sheep, and high-grade short-horn cattle has received consid- erable attention from him, during the past few years. February 11, 1859, he married Miss Ellen, youngest daughter of Carter T. Scroggin, a well-known and much respected pioneer of Logan County. Mrs. Lucas was also born in Lake Fork and has spent her life in this county. They have two children — George T., born February 22, 1860, and Laura H., born April 3, 1862. Wm. M. Martin, of the firm of Martin Brothers, merchants. Mount Pulaski, is a son of W. W. Martin, and was born Novem- ber 15, 1862, in Mount Pulaski. After clerking with his father for several years he, with his brother, was admitted to partner- ship. They, C. A. and W. M. Martin, succeeded to the business in June, 1884. They have a double store, one department devoted to dry-goods, hats and caps, boots and shoes and family and fancy groceries, the other to flour and groctiries in bulk. The sales for 1885 will aggregate $50,000. C. A. Martin was born November 20, 1859, in Mount Pulaski, and married Miss Louie J., daughter of John W. North, of Illiopolis, Illinois. W. M. Martin mar- ried Miss Emma C. Green, daughter of George N. Green, of Balti- more, formerly of Springfield, Illinois. They have a daughter, Hazel, born in Mount Pulaski. W. "W. Martin came to Mount Pulaski in 1858, and in 1859 became one of the firm of George Mayer & Co. He served three years in the Union army, during the Rebellion, and in 1876 began business for himself. The failure of the Mount Pulaski mills dragged him down, involving him to an extent that he was forced to make an honorable assignment in 1884. Jerry Matthews, farmer, section 6, was born October 4, 1841, in Logan County, Illinois, and has ever since resided in this county. Ji?= MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 795 His father, "William Matthews, was born in 1811, in Pike County, Ohio, and is the son of Thomas Matthews, who came from London- derry, Ireland, to Ohio, in 1789. William Matthews married Mary Wilday, born in Delaware. They came to Logan Coun y in 1838, settling on section 31, Chester Township, where the mother died in 1880. There were nine children — Alonzo, born in Ohio, ac- cidentally shot and killed himself in 1854; Priscilla is the wife of Dr. T. W. Prime, of Lincoln; Jerusha is the wife of Edmund Lynch, a leading attorney of Lincoln, Illinois; Mary A. is the wife of T. B. Piatt; William L. lives on the home place not married, a^ed thirty years; Arvilla, F. K and Allen G. are all dead; and Jerry, our subject. At the age of twenty Jerry Matthews began teaching school, and taught eight years. In 1866 he began farming where he now lives, and has taught school several winters since. In 1869 he married Miss Lizzie Lawrence, born in Edgar County, Illinois, daughter of James Lawrence. She died May 23, 1875, leaving two children — Leona and Stanley. Tiie present wife, Frances A. Koonse, was born in Perry County, Ohio. Three children have been born — Stella, Emma, and Frederick "William. Polit- ically, Mr. Matthews is a Democrat. He is a member of Logan Lodge, No. 480, F . & A. M., of Lincoln, and of the Mount Pulaski Chapter. He was elected supervisor in 1885. Theodore Merman Otto Mattfeldt, deceased, was born June 1, 1817, in Hamburg, Germany, and was thoroughly educated in his native city. In 1837 he came to America, hiring out as a day laborer, near Detroit, Michigan, where he earned only $36 in six months. He afterward removed to Livingston County, Michigan, where he lived ten years as a farmer. Here, in 1845, he was mar- ried to Emelie Baurmann, born June 7, 1819, in Hamburg. She came to America in 1840, with her widowed mother. Mr. and Mrs. Mattfeldt came to Mount Pulaski in May, 1850, Mr. Matt- feldt working for the first year at the cooper's trade, and the fol- lowing seven years as clerk in the store of Jabez Capps, Esq. He was then elected county surveyor and served three years. In 1866 he was appointed postmaster of Mount Pulaski, and held the office until April, 1869. He then opened a drug store on the south side of the square, continuing-in this business twelve years, after- ward living two years on a farm in Elkhart Township. He ex- changed this farm for a home in the village, where he died, January 24, 1884. He was a prominent member of the Lutheran church, in which he held an official position. He also served 50 796 HIBTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. twelve years in the Village Council. He left four daughters — Marian, Acelia, Agnes and Amelia, and one son — Adolph, now in Molene, Kansas. The two oldest were born in Livingston County, Michigan. Mrs. Einelie Mattfeldt died January 30, 1886, at her residence in Mt. Pulaski. George Mayer, Sr., of the firin of George Mayer & Son, grocers at Mount Pulaski was born May 15, 1820, in Kirchburg, Wurtem- berg. His early days were spent in caring for the farm and vine- yard of his father, John George Mayer. In May, 1838, he arrived direct from the Fatherland at Springfield, Illinois, where he entered the employ of J. G. Stewart, then recently elected to Congress. Later he worked for J. L. Lamb, taking lessons in the English language from his employer's son, John C. Lamb, now a prosperous foundryman of Springfield, he in return instructing his tutor in the German language. For five years he clerked for Mr. Lamb, and then, in 1849, came to Mount Pulaski, where he opened a small stock of groceries, the only other merchants then being Jabez Capps and Thomas P. Lushbaugh. In 1850 he was joined by his brother, John Mayer, and added dry-goods to his stock. In 1854 the present store was built. The brothers did a flourishing business up to the death of John Mayer. David Van Hise and \V. W. Martin bought the interest of the late partner and the firm of George Mayer & Co. did business for about eighteen years. Both the partners entered the Union army, leaving Mr. Mayer to attend to the business. The firm was at that time badly involved, yet within eighteen months the last dollar of indebtedness was dis- charged and money placed to the credit of the house. The firm dissolved in 1877, Mr, Mayer being out of active business until 1879, when the present firm was instituted. Mr. Mayer married in Springfield, Illinois, Caroline Dingle, who died in 1845. The present wife was Anna "Work, born March 29, 1814, in Strasburg, Pennsylvania. Of the five children born to them only one, Frank- lin Pierce Mayer, born April 5, 1853, in Mount Pulaski, now sur- vives. He is the junior partner of the firm and in 1874 married Elizabeth Molidor, born in Cleveland, Ohio. Three children have been born to them — John Albert, Katie Emma and Louie F., all born in Mount Pnlaski. Father and son are Democratic in politics and in religion Lutheran. George Mayer was village school treasurer from 1861 to 1875 and tax collector of Mount Pulaski Township in 1877. J. Mayer <& Brother, harness-makers, of Mount Pulaski. John sPv ' MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 797 W. and Jacob Mayer, are sons of the late John Gr. Mayer, who was born February 25, 1809, in Wnrtemburg. Coming to America in 1832, he spent four years in Lancaster Connty, Pennsylvania, and in 1836 married Elizabeth Work, born in that county, October 21, 1812. Moving then to Springfield, he was employed in Lamb's foundry, and later in Ridgley's bank as porter. At one time the brothers, George, John and Michael Mayer, each owned and ran a dray in Springfield. In 1846 John G. Mayer removed his family to a new farm in Mount Pulaski Township, where he lived until 1850. He then went inti) mercantile business with his brother, George Mayer, continuing with him until 1859, when on account of failing health, he withdrew from the business and returned to his farm, where he died April 1, 1866, after nine years of almost constant battling with disease. His widow now resides in Mount Pulaski. There were seven children born to thetn — Samuel, born October 22, 1837; Magdalena, born February 13, 1839; George, born May 16, 1840; Anna, born January 4, 1844; John W., born August 1, 1846; Jacob, born March 16, 1850; and Henry, born June 18, 1854. Magdalena ,Mayer married Henry Fox, and died at Dwight, Illinois, October 10, 1879, and Henry Mayer died Feb- ruary 1, 1884. The five now living are all in Mount Pulaski and vicinity. Samuel Mayer married Mary "W". Lee, September 15, 1862, in Lincoln, Illinois. Of the seven children born to them four are living— Annie E.,born November 21, 1863; George A.,born July 19, 1867; Mary 0., born August 17, 1870, and Stella L., born April 3, 1876. Sarah O., born March 13, 1866, died November 24, 1871; Ida B., born June 5, 1869, died March 24, 1876, and Henry L., born October 2, 1872, died August 6, 1873. John W. Mayer married Mary Mattfeldt, of Michigan. Of the four children born to them, three are living — Harmon, Oscar and Clarence. Freddie died aged two years. They were all born in Mount Pulaski. Mr. Mayer began the saddlery and harness business in Mount Pulaski in 1866, forming a partnership with his brother, Jacob Mayer, in 1872. Both brothers cast their votes for the Democratic party. Jacob Mayer was married November 7, 1872, to Mary Schick, bom in Mount Pulaski, August 15, 1853. They have two children —William Walter, born July 22,- 1875, and Elmer B., born June 1, 1881, both born in Mount Pulaski. Mr. Mayer and family are members of the Lutlieran churcli. The Mayer Brothers are well- known among stockmen as owners of the magnificent stallion. King o' the Lyons, a thoroughbred, Clydesdale horse, registered IS 798 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. in the Scotch Clydesdale stud-book, as 1461, and in the American Clydesdale stnd-book (volume 2), as 1251. He was 'imported in 1881 by Huston Brothers, and purchased by J. Mayer & Brother in March, 1883. The horse is in color a deep, rich blood bay, with black legs, mane and tail, and weighs 2,050 pounds. He is seven- teen and one-half hands high, and has taken two sweepstakes pre- miums at the Logan County Fair,one in a ring of twenty-one horses. His sire was Lord Lyon, ISTo. 489, dam Flora, No. 59, she by Vic- tor, No. 892, and has a registered pedigree extending back seventy- five years. He is beyond question the best horse of his class in Logan County. General Garnet is another imported Clydesdale horse. No. 2121, in volume 5, Scotch Clydesdale stud-book, and 1238 in volume 2, of the American stud-book. He was sired by Topsman, No. 886, dam Jean, No. 645, she by Kobin, No. 703. General Garnet is a bright bay, with feet, legs and face white. He is a beautiful and extremely docile animal. He took the first prize in the ring of imported three-year-olds at the Logan County Fair, in 1884. He was imported by Huston Brothers in March, 1883, and purchased by the Mayer Brothers in December of the same year. These gentlemen have won an enviable reputation among the horsemen of this section, and their horses are recog- nized as among the first-class stock animals in Central Hlinois. Oeorge Meister, Mt. Pulaski, comes of an old Bavarian family, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Kotmann) Meister. He was born July 6, 1815, in Weidersgren, Bavaria, reared a farmer, mar- ried to Catherine Klotz, and in 1844 came with his wife and two children to America. The family was forty-two days on a sailing ship from Bremen to Baltimore. From the latter city they went via Cincinnati to St. Louis, and while there Mr. Meister found employment with the owner of a brick-yard in Mt. Pulaski, to which town he removed his family for what proved to be a perma- nent location. In the spring of 1846 he built a small house, meanwhile working three months per year, at $12 per month, in the brick-yard. During the balance of the year he worked at whatever he could find to do — driving hogs to St. Louis at 50 cents per day, and living on two meals' per day, as an instance. During 1848 he earned $50 by working on the Urbana court-house, and with this he entered forty acres of land at $1.25 per acre. He still owns it and 200 acres additional, purchased at various times since. In 1849 he opened a brick-yard here, which supplied Mt. Pulaski with brick for thirty years. The wood used in the yard J^® t^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 799 was hauled by John and Barbara Meister, the two eldest children, lu 1850 he built a small house on this land, by setting posts in the ground, siding up this primitive frame by placing the boards up- right. In this was an old German clothes-chest, which served as a table, a bedstead made of rough boards, and blocks sawn off the ends of logs for seats. Beginning thus, Mr. Meister has lived to be an old man, has reared and educated a large family, and may look back with a pardonable feeling of pride to his life-work. His wife, born December 10, 1810, died January 7, 1883, and is buried in Mt. Pulaski cemetery. She left five living children — John L.; Barbara, widow of John Kreig, deceased; Elizabeth, wife of Henry Snedmier; Henry, on the homestead, and G. S. Meister. Jokn L. Meister was born March 2, 1839, in "Weidersgren , and has lived since 1845 in Logan County. His early life was employed on his father's farm and brick-yard. On the 16th of October, 1861, he married Mary A. Lang, of Mt. Pulaski, who was born February 21, 18 — , in Germany. Mr. Meister began as a bar- tender at $19 per month, but within a year purchased Crosbin's saloon, paying 20 per cent.on borrowed money, but discharging the entire debt within six months. He was behind 'his own bar for twenty years. He bought his present residence at $1,900, and various pieces of town property at different times. He built a fine two-story brick block in 1882-'83, in which he has a saloon, also ruuning one in the old Jabez Capps store building, bought by him in 1879. Mr. Meister is a shrewd, energetic business man, and has large landed interests in Logan, Macon and Sangamon coun- ties, also in Kansas and Minnesota. He is afprominent Free Mason and Odd Fellow, and a life-long Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Meister have four children — John, George JS., Frederic W. and Anna C. , all born in Mt. Pulaski. George Mier, section 20, was born in 1811, in Wurtemburg, and came to the United States in 1836. After spending about one year in Maryland, he came to ^Springfield, where he worked as a carpenter, and assisted in demolishing the old court-house, also helping to build the one which replaced it. He remembers taking a prize offered for certain extra work. In 1839 he came to Mt. Pulaski, where he worked at his trade among the farmers of Logan County for many years. March 4, 1840, he married Becky Laughlin, born June 21, 1823, in Pennsylvania. Her people removed to Ohio when she was [two years old, coming from "^ '.i^ 800 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. there to Illinois in 1837. Her father built a good story and a half log house in the Salt Creek timber, and after residing there three years removed to Lake Fork. He died in 1857. He mar- ried Nancy Boyd, who died March 4, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Mier began on a "forty-acre lot," in a clay-chinked log house, with a loose puncheon floor and clapboard roof. This was replaced by a comfortable frame house, and to-day we find the old couple in a two-story frame house, 24 x 32, built in 1884, and an es- tate comprising several hundred acres. Mr. and Mrs. Mier have nine children — John C; Mary, wife of Peter Fenton; Nancy, wife of Mr. Samuel Dyer; Bettie, now Mrs. John Shepherd; Leeds; James; Zerilda, now Mrs. John Moore; Myra, wife of J. A. Buckles, and Becky, wife of Frederick Arming, of Finney County, Kansas. All live in Logan County but the last men- tioned. Mr. and Mrs. Mier belong to the Christian church. John C. Mier, the eldest son, was born February 13, 1841, on the Mount Pulaski homestead, and enlisted in July, 1862, in Company I, One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. He was with the regiment at Grand Gulf and Jackson, Mississippi, and with General Grant through the Vicksburg campaign, at the second capture of Jackson. He then engaged in tscouting. He was captured," with 110 others, by the rebels, at Guntown, Mississippi, and held prisoner live and one-half months, part of the time in Andersonville. He suffered mnch from fever during this time, and was reduced to a mere shadow of himself. On his release he came home for a month, then re-enlisted, and going via St. Louis and New Orleans to Mobile, was a participant in the final operations resulting in the capture of that last rebel stronghold. He was mustered out at Vicksburg, August 15, 1865, returned and has ever since been a quiet Illinois farmer. Sep- tember 29, 1866, he married Sarah Smith, in Lincoln, Illinois. Five children have been born to them — Allen, George, James, Charles and Elmer, all born on the Mount Pulaski farm. Mr. Mier casts his vote for the Kepublican party, and is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. William R. Munce was born in Natchez, Mississippi, Decem- ber 14, 1830, and is a son of John and Eliza J. (Stockdale) Munce. His father, born in Ireland, was reared in Washington County, Pennsylvania. After his marriage he spent about thirty years in the South. In 1846 the family came to Sangamon County, Illinois, locating three miles southwestofWilliamsville. The family consisted wr Al MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 801 of two sons and four daughters. The father died June 17, 1871, and the mother in April, 1883. Thomas Munee, brother of "W". E. Munce, lives at llliopolis. Mr. W. K. Munce married in Buffalo, New York, Mary E. Davenport, who was born in Bos- ton, Massachusetts. They have two children — Charles Carroll,- born January 6, 18Y7, and Margaret F., born May 1, 1878. Mr. Munce lived as a farmer in Sangamon County, Illinois, until 1880, when he leased the Hay & Coleman farm on Lake Fork. This estate comprises 960 acres and employs fifteen men during the working season. There are several houses upon it, which have lately been remodeled. Mr. Munce has likewise re-fenced the farm, hung convenient gates where needed, built a barn at the home place and generally improved this valuable estate. Constant R. Oglesby was born in 1831, in Christian County, Kentucky. His father. Walker Oglesby, a native of Virginia, removed to Kentucky and there married Sarah Durham . About 1840 they came to Illinois with their eight children, locating in what is now Saline County. C. E. Oglesby came to Logan County in 1851, hiring out as a farm hand at $13 per month. In 1854 he married Chloe Tarley, born in Mount Pulaski Township and daughter of Sanford Turley, an early settler. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Oglesby, nine are living — Sarah E., Almeda, Charles O., Benjamin E., John T., S. Walker, Albert E., Martha A., and Otto, all born on the Mount Pulaski homestead. George W., an infant son, died in 1877. Mr. Oglesby has 156 acres, well fenced, tiled and improved, on which he has lived since 1854. His substantial two-story house was built in 1881. Politically he is a Democrat. He is a prominent member and elder of the Lake Fork Christian Church. His parents both died in Saline County. Robert 0. Pa/ranteau^ deceased, was born in Paris, France, August 30, 1820, and is a son of Pierre and Harriet Paranteau who brought their family to Canada and settled near Montreal in 1825. Pierre Paranteau was with Sir John Franklin, and was one of the few survivors of his famous and ill-fated expeditions. For his services on this Polar trip he was given two lots in a Canadian village, the deeds for which are still in the family. Eobert 0. Paranteau went in early life to New York City and shipped thence on a vessel for the Pacific Coast. He rounded Cape Horn and landed at a Mexican seaport and thence made his way across the sterile country to the United States, finally in 1845, settling in Illinois. For several years he was employed during the session t\i^ 802 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of the Legislature as a printer in tlie /State Register office at Springfield. Like the majority of his countrymen he was polished in manners, light hearted, and delighted in dancing and gay so- ciety. He taught the terpsichorean art for years in Mt. Pulaski, .which became noted for its brilliant parties and balls. Mr. Par- anteau spoke with fluency both German and French. During the Rebellion he served in Company I, Twenty-Sixth Illinois Infantry. He was discharged on account of ill-health and returning to Mt. Pulaski, died, February 10, 1865. Mr. Paranteau was a charter member of Mt. Pulaski Lodge, No. 87, A. F. & A. M. In 1847 he married Miss Caroline Braucher, daughter of Colonel Isaac R. and Susan W. Braucher. Of his children, two daughters only survive him — Katie, wife of Jacob Seyfer, and Lctitia Wynn, both teachers. Since 1880 Mrs. Paranteau has re- sided on her farm, two miles north of Mt. Pulaski, which is managed by Mr. Seyfer. Colonel Braucher was a miller and farmer, and came from Ohio to Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1832, thence to Logan County in 1841, where he engaged in milling, building a saw and grist mill on Salt Creek, which he ran for many years. Later the mill burned and he moved to his farm one mile north, where he died in 1870. He was a charter member of Mt. Pulaski Lodge, No. 87, A. F. & A. M., also a charter member of Mt. Pulaski Chapter, No. 121, Eoyal Arch Masons. He was a man of original thought and liberal views; an energetic public-spirited citizen, and just the man needed in developing a new country. Colonel Braucher and Robert O. Paranteau are both buried in the Mt.Pulaski cemetery. Susan Wynn Braucher was born and reared near Philadelphia; died and was buried in the village of Adelphi, Ohio, in 1829. James Poe is a son of George L. and Jane (Gasaway) Poe, who brought five children from Ross County, Ohio, to Illinois, in 1852, settling near " Two Mile Grove " where G. L. Poe died in 1865. His wife survived him until 1872. Our subject, James Poe, was born October 24, 1841, in Ross County, Ohio, and mar- ried Sarah E., daughter of Henry Mann, in 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Poe have seven children — George L., Rhoda A., Henry Franklin, James Albert, Carrie E., Dora J. and Eva F. Mr. Poe has re- sided in this county since 1852, living for seventeen years on the homestead, and since 1869 on his present farm of 185 acres. He has fenced and tiled this farm, erected a good barn and made other substantial improvements. He is a member of Mount l'^ \9- MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 803 Pulaski Lodge, Chapter and Commandery, A. F. & A. M. He has two sisters living — Catherine (Mrs. James Houston,) and Mary E., wife of N. Gasaway. John Beinders, section 10, was born November 28, 1831, in Rhenish Prussia, and received a thorough practical education in the excellent schools of the Fatherland. In 1854 he came to America with his parents and two brothers, one older and one younger than he. Two brothers died in Germany, His parents married in 1825. His mother's maiden name was Ger- trude Bruckhans. The family landed at New York, coming at once to Cass County, Illinois, where they remained ten months. They then came to Mt. Pulaski. Mr. Reinders is by occupation a farmer, and politically a Democrat, and belongs with his family to the Second Lutheran Church. He owns 120 acres of land with a good house, substantial farm buildings, well fenced and tiled. In 1868 he married Anna M. Banner, daughter of Andrew Ban- ner, one of the first settlers of Mt. Pulaski. They have seven children — Peter H., Anna M., John C, Andrew F., Fred W., Agnes M. and George W. One son, Henry B., died when a week old. All their children were born on the present home farm. Mr. Reinders served one term as tax collector, three as road commissioner, and four terms as supervisor. From 1877 to 1881 he always received good majorities over regu- lar opponents. His mother died in 1868, aged sixty-seven years, and his father in 1879, aged eighty-five years. He tries to raise highly improved farm animals, also fowls, Toulouse geese, Pekin ducks, Bronce turkeys and pea-fowls. S&v. Peter Reinders is a son of Peter and Gertrude (Bruck- hans) Reinders, and was born in Rhenish Prussia, September 15, 1827. His parents had five sous — Gerhard, who contracted con- sumption in the German army and died at the age of twenty-four years; Peter, our subject; Henry, who died in early manhood; John and Bedreich. Peter Reinders served three years in the Prussian army and in April, 1854, married Agnes Ophuls. Two weeks later he started for the United States. Mr. Reinders en- gaged in farming about seventeen years, and since 1871 has re- sided in Mount Pulaski. About 1876 he took up the labors of a local preacher, in the Evangelical Association, of which he was a member. At the end of five years he was ordained by Bishop Escher, of Chicago, and has since continued in the work. Mr. *1ji l^ — I |0^ 80i HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Reinders has been a Republican since the second nomination of Abraham Lincoln, in 1864. George Ring, deceased, was born in Massachusetts. His father was a distinguished officer in the Continental army, during the Revolution, and died in Massachusetts. His widow, formerly Penelope Patch, removed to Rutland, Vermont, where George Ring spent his early days. About the beginning of the present century George Ring and a party of young men made the trip, on foot, to where Lancaster, Ohio, now stands, and laid out that town. He built one of the earliest woolen mills in the State, in Fairfield County, Ohio. During the war of 1812 he was a line officer in an Ohio battalion, and the rust-eaten sword, dated 1758, which he utilized in his campaigning, is still in the possession of his daugh- ter, Mrs. J. H. Toole. The mother of our subject died at his Fairfield County home, at the age of eighty-five years. Mr. George Ring was married three times and was the father of twenty-two children. In business life he was energetic and far-sighted, and by the exercise of these talents accumulated a fortune. He die in 1862, aged seventy-four years. His second wife, Mary Ludwig, was of a noted Ohio family, as her father, Daniel Ludwig, a Penn- sylvanian, was the founder of the now thriving city of Circleville, Ohio, so called from the fact of its streets being originally laid out in circles around the old court-house, an inconvenience long since done away with. It is related of this frontier capitalist, that in looking over the beautiful prairie country about Circleville, with a party of land hunters, he was taken by them to be an unfortunate and impecunious old fellow, and, in pity for him, it was agreed to give him his choice of the lands selected, when the party was at the Chillicothe land office to make the entrees. This arrangement being communicated to him, he instantly exclaimed: "Den I takes him all," and he did. He was an enormously wealthy man and a noted character in Central Ohio. George B. Bow, farmer, section 3, was born in 1842, in Pickaway County, Ohio. His father, Jacob Row, born in Pickaway County, married Sarah Bost, of Berks County, Pennsylvania, by whom he had nine children, eight of whom are living in Illinois, six being in Logan County. Jacob Row, with his family, came to Illinois in 1866, settling on section 3, Mount Pulaski Township, and here died August 10, 1871, his widow surviving him until January 26, 1879. The homestead, comprising 129 acres, is now the property of George B. Row. October, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, i '-^^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 805 Eifty-eiglith Ohio Infantry, and participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth and Haines's Bluff, where only eighty men came out from a regiment 475 strong. This remnant was then assigned to duty on the river flotilla, under Admiral Porter, and thus served through the Vicksburg siege. In July, 1863, the regiment was reorganized and did scouting and guarding duty up to its discharge, January 10, 1864. Private Row re- enlisted in Company E at the re-enlistment of the regiment and was made Orderly Sergeant, serving in the Freedman's Bureau de- partment until his final discharge in September, 1865. Since the war he has resided in Mount Pulaski Township as a farmer. March 5, 1884, he was married in Christian County, Illinois, to Ella Curts, born in Pickaway County, Ohio. Her father, H. Cnrts, came first to De Witt and later to Christian County. Mr. and Mrs. Row have one daughter — Lela Gertrude Row, born in Mount Pulaski Township. William JSupp was born March 6, 1838, in Wurtemberg, and came to America, with his father's family, in 1852, settling in Logan County. The entire capital of the family, at this time, was $40. They bought a half interest in an old horse and secured another one and a wagon on credit, and then rented what is known as the Lawrence farm, west of Mount Pulaski. They moved into a log house with a slab floor and clapboard roof, and borrowing a plow, commenced farming operations. As a result of flve-years hard work, they were enabled to buy 160 acres on section 27, Laenna Township, paying $10.25 an acre for raw prairie. This farm, with the 160 acres adjoining, the half section valued at $60 an acre, is now the property of William Rupp, who lived here until March, 1884, when he bought the old Dawson farm, half a mile east of Mount Pulaski, for which he paid $18,- 200. This farm comprises 280 acres of valuable land, with fair buildings, the house standing on a rise of ground, commanding a beautiful view. Such has been the result of thirty years of in- dustry, economy and good management, coupled with the charac- teristic pluck of most German farmers. Mr. Rupp married Barbara StoU, daughter ofErhard Stoil, who came to America witn his family in 1847, locating on Salt Creek the following year, and died in 1860, leaving ten children. Mr. and Mrs. Rupp have nine children— Sarali, Charles, William, George, Polly, Lillie, Carrie, JS'elie and Effie, all born in Logan County, Illinois. Katie, the second-born, died at the age of six months. Mr. i^ 806 HI8T0ET OF LOGAN COUNTY. flnpp's father, George Rupp, was born in 1806, in Wurtemberg. He married Mrs. Catherine (Boetzel) Weller, who died in 1883. By her first husband she had four children — Margaret, now Mrs. George Brucker; George, a Logan Oountj- farmer; Martin, who died in 1865, and John, who came to Mount Pulaski in 1851, and died in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. George Rupp had two sons — "William, our subject, and Christian, born May 28, 1841, and is a pros- perous farmer. The father and both sons are members of the Lutheran church and are liberal Democrats in politics. W. A. Schafer was born in 1837, in Kirchberg, "Wurtemberg. The family came to America in 1853, locating at Mount Pulaski, where the father, George Adam Schafer, died the ifollowing year. There were seven children, two of whom. Christian and Madelina Rau, were step-children. Of the four sons of George Adam Schafer, "W. A. and Gottleib are blacksmiths, C. F. is a hardware merchant, and Gottlob was killed in 1856 by the caving in of well. Paulina, a sister of our subject, married George Hanck, of Mount Pulaski, while Mary, born in Mount Pulaski, died at the age of eighteen. The subject of this sketch, "William Adam Schafer, was educated in the Fatherland, and learned the trade, which he has followed all his life, from his father. He was a Democrat in former years, but has been a Republican since 1872. In 1872 he was elected sheriff of Logan County and served till 1874. He has also served on the Village Board. He married Catherine M. Seyfer in Mount Pulaski. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Schafer, five are living — "William G., born October 25, 1863; George P., born September 17, 1865; Caroline, born January 28, 1869; Anna, born in Lincoln, April 19, 1873, and Frederick, born March 3, 1875. A son, John, died, aged one year and seven months, and Albert, at the age of seven years, was killed by climbing upon the rear of a carriage in motion, becoming entangled in the wheels, whereby both legs were broken. Mr. Schafer and his family are members of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Frank Schick (deceased) was born in Hesse Darmstadt, in 1813. In early life he was apprenticed to a shoemaker. In 1834 he came to America, and after remaining in Ohio for one year, came to Illinois, settling in Mount Pulaski in 1836. A few years later he built a tannery and began shoemaking in the southwestern part of the village. For a time he was in the employ of Jabez Capps, the pioneer merchant, and by good management and J^^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 807 economy secured capital enough to open a general store in 1842. He continued the business until 1850, when he admitted Barton Starr to partnership, leaving the business in his care while he spent two years in the California gold field. Returning, he con- tinued the business in his own name until 1879, when the firm of Frank Schick & Sons was founded. He retired from the firm April 19, 1883, and lived in retirement up to his death, June 2, 1884. The large, well-arranged, double store was erected in 1875 and is one of the first modern brick buildings in Mount Pulaski. The business was carried on by the three sons, John, Michael and Frank, until obligations, brought about by failure of crops and too great credit, forced the brothers to an honorable assignment, which they did in April, 1885. Frank Schick was twice married. The first wife was Margaret Young, who died in 1844. Only one of her four children survives — Mary, now wife of Conrad Stock, of Stonghton, Hlinois. The second wife was Catharine Young, a sister of his former wife, and by her Mr. Schick had nine children, ei^ht of whom are living — John, Michael, Frank, Conrad, Susan, Christina, Sebastian and Margaret. Of these, Susan is now Mrs. Philip Mishler, of Springfield, Illinois, and Christina is the wife of George Lechleiter, of Lincoln, Illinois. The others reside in Mount Pulaski. Gerhardt Schick, another son, was particularly distinguished for his scholastic attainments. While yet a young man, he mastered eleven diflferent languages, ancient and modern, and taught them with remarkable success in St. Louis, Philadelphia and Peoria. He died May 5, 1879, at the age of thirty-four years. Alfred G. Scroggin, President Mount Pulaski Mining Com- pauy, was born in Mount Pulaski Township, Logan County, Illi- nois, May 14, 1842. He is the eldest son of L. K. and Levinia (Buckles) Scroggin, and has been a life-long resident of Logan County, with the exception of six years, 1867 to 1873, in Cham- paign County, Illinois, and two years in Butler County, Kan- sas. He engaged in farming in his native township up to 1885, when he became a stockholder in and president of the mining company. He married in 1865, Mary F. Phillippe, born in Champaign County, Illinois. They have three children- Nettie A., Orrin O. and Mary S., the daughters born in Logan County, and the son in Champaign County. In politics Mr. Scroggin casts his vote for the Democratic party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mount Pulaski Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. ;v^ 808 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Leonard K. Soroggin is a son of Carter T. and Phebe (Shelby) Scroggin. His grandfather, Humphrey Scroggin, a Carolinian by birth, enlisted in the Continental army, at the age of seventeen, serving through the Kevolution and witnessing the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. In 1811 Carter T. Scroggin removed from his native State, Kentucky (then a Territory), to Gallatin County, Illinois. Phebe Shelby, a native of North Carolina, re- moved with her people to Tennessee, and thence to Pope County, Illinois, where she married Mr. Scroggin. Ten children were born to them, of whom our subject is the eldest. He was born January 25, 1819, in Gallatin County, Illinois, and in 1827 re- moved with his father to the southern part of what is now Mount Pulaski Township, the family living in the timber skirt- ing Lake Fork, in an unhewn puncheon-floored log cabin. Among their neighbors were Robert Buckles (now deceased), A. Bowman, W. James Turley, G. W. Turley and Boston Finders. In the fall preceding the " deep snow" (winter of 1830 — 1831), Carter Scroggin built a comfortable hewed log house, still stand- ing and occupied by a son. During the "deep snow" they pounded their corn in a wooden mortar and did not taste wheat bread from November until spring. On the day of the " sudden change," in 1836, Mr. C. T. Scroggin started to go to mill in a "durbin," a vehicle peculiar to those days. The morn- ing was very warm and foggy. Before noon, rain set in and con- tinued until nightfall, when without a second's warning and with the roar of a hurricane came the Polar blast that froze everything solid in a few minutes. Mr. Scroggin met the storm on the prairie, it tore the strong top completely off the " durbin, '' turning the team squarely about. He raced for life to the nearest house, fortunately not far off, and thus escaped what must have been certain death on the lonely, unprotected prairie. Carter Scroggin died in 1859, leaving 600 acres of valuable land and a fair competence to his ten children. In 1841 Leonard K. Scrog- gin was married to Levinia Buckles, daughter of Robert Buckles. He now owns 3,500 acres of farming land in Logan County, and 4,600 acres in Kansas and Nebraska, all in cultivation or under fence and improvement. He began the banking business at the Mount in May, 1872, and has since continued it. He built the bank, opera hall and Scroggin House, in 1878. He is a man of limited education, but of remarkable judgment and energy, and to his thrift and public spirit Mount Pulaski owes her finest busi- -^^ — ^K^ A i« »~ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 809 ness block. He is counted one of the wealthiest men in Central Illinois and has made every dollar by his own exertions. He is a lifelong Democrat and a member of the Christian church. His wife died in 1863, in Mount Pulaski, leaving three sons and seven daughters. Mr. Scroggin was married again, to Mrs. Rhoda A. Pickering, nee Geitman, born in Mount Pulaski Township, a daughter of George Geitman, formerly of Missouri. By the second marriage there are three children. George Shall, section 7, was born January 15, 1847, in Mount Pulaski Township, where he has since resided as a farmer. He married, February 26, 1876, Mary Zimmerman, who came from Germany to America in 1874. They have one son — George. Mr. Shall has a farm of 280 acres, well improved, and eighty acres ot timber. In politics he is a Democrat. His father, John Shall, was one of the first of the German farmers to settle in Mount Pulaski Township. He was born March 11, 1811, in Wurtem- berg, and married Catherine Mayer in 1833. They came to America, settling in Mount Pulaski Township in 1840. His wife died in 1850. In 1868 he removed to Lincoln, Illinois, wliere he died March 20, 1883. Eight children were born to them — Martha, John and Frederick born in "Wurtemberg, and Mary, Lizzie, William, George and Nancy, born in Mount Pulaski. John Q. Seyfer was born December 8, 1842, in Wurtemberg, and came to America with his parents in 1847- He was married in Mount Pulaski to Johannetta Wilhelminna Christianna Henn, who died May 13, 1874, leaving three children — Henry, Annie and George, all born in Mount Pulaski. ^^ his second wire, Caro- line (Mellsh) Seyfer, whom he married in Oregon, Missouri, he has two children —Katie and Oscar. Mr. Seyfer enlisted August 9, 1862, in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois, in Company B, and served with the regiment through the siege of Yicksburg and the campaigns in Arkansas, and was mustered out July 12, 1865, at Piue Bluff. His arm was grazed by a cannon ball at Claring- ton, Arkansas, and still shows the effects of the injury. Since the war Mr. Seyfer has resided in this township as a farmer. His parents, Gottleib and Martha Seyfer, have had eleven children, eight of whom are living — Catherina, now the wife of W. A. Schafer, Mount Pulaski; John G., our subject; Caroline, born at sea, married Lewis Boetzer; John, at home with his parents; Mary is the wife of Charles Boetzer; George, William and Sophia are in Mount Pulaski, the last named being the wife of George T sr- x"^ L^ 810 HISTOET OF LOGAN OOITNTT. Eund. Frederick died in childhood. Frederica, born in Ger- many, and an infant sister, born in Mount Pulaski, were both killed by an accidental discharge of a shot-gun. When Mr. Gott- leib Sejfer arrived in Mount Pulaski he entered the employ of Frank Schick as a shoemaker, and has followed that business since in Mount Pulaski. James Small, mine superintendent of the Mount Pulaski Min- ing Company, was born in 1849 in Larkhall, Lanarkshire, Scot- land, and has been a miner since his twelfth year. He is the son of John and Mary (Logan) Small. His father was a weaver. In the seventeenth century an ancestor, James Small, invented the first plow with an iron moldboard ever used in Scotland. His grandfather and grandmother lived to be eighty -eight and ninety respectively. They had nine children, all of whom are yet living in Scotland, and all over sixty years of age. In March, 1872, the subject of this sketch, James Small, came to America, and has since worked in the mines of Maryland, Beaver County, Pennsyl- vania ; New Lisbon, Ohio ; Bond County, Kentucky, Massillon, Ohio, and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1876 he came to Minonk and was employed by Miner T. Ames as boss of the night force. Later he went to Streator, then to La Salle and thence to Eaton, New Mexico. He then returned to La Salle, going from there to Chesterfield, Illinois, where he superintended a mining force. In December, 1884, he came to Mount Pulaski, and has since held his present position. He married in Oglesby, Illinois, Agnes "Wilson, born in Stellarton, Pictou County, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of Walter and Simpson Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Small have two children — Jolin, born June 13, 1880, in Streator, Illinois, and Agnes, born October 11, 1882, in Oglesby. Charles E. Snyder, of Snyder Brothers, Mt. Pulaski, is a son of William C. Snyder, aa early settler of Logan County, where Charles E. was born. In 1875 the brothers, C. E. and W. H. Snyder, purchased a twenty horse-power portable engine and port- able saw-mill, with which they carried on business in Logan County until 1879, when they located the plant at Mt. Pulaski. In 1881 they built the saw-mill, 24:X 60 feet, using the same engine and machinery until the spring of 1882, when the present Ames engine of forty horse-power and a fifty-four inch saw were put in. The brothers are doing a good business, cutting mainly the native lumber, oak, hackberry, elm, sycamore, with a sprinkling of wal- nut and cherry, which, however, are not so plentiful as formerly. l^ A ■14- MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 811 They have a lumber-yard in connection, also a machine for cutting barrel and keg hoops, and one for the manufacture of combination wire and lath fence. Barrel and keg hoops are shipped by the car-load to Colorado, 60,000 hoops to the car. The brothers make specialty of house, barn and bridge furnishing, and when running the saw-mill, hoop factory and fence machine give employment to fifteen or twenty men. The Latham Tile Company is composed of W. C. Snyder, C. E. Snyder, W. H. Snyder and J. E. Snyder, with the latter gentleman in charge of both the tile factory and branch lumber-yard. Besides the three sons above named, of William C. Snyder, there is a daughter, Harriet H., now wife of P. L. McGrath, and another, Grace Snyder, at home. Charles E. Snyder married Miss Frances Capps, daughter of Charles Capps, Esq., of Mt. Pulaski. One daughter has been born to them, Katie, born in Mt. Pulaski. John E. Snyder married Miss Mary F. Hall, daughter of Henry Hall, of Latham; while "William H. Snyder is a single man. Christian Suedmeier was born in Prussia, and is a son of Deid- reich Suedmeier, who was born December 26, 1803, and who mar- ried Charlotte Mayer. In 1846 he came to America, landing at New Orleans. After spending the first winter at St. Louis he went to Pekin, and thence to Mt. Pulaski. He was identified with Mt. Pulaski in its earlier days, and helped to build the court-house. He is now a well-to-do farmer of Mt. Pulaski Township. His wife and three sons, William, Christian (our subject) and Henry, came to the United States in 1848, landing at New Orleans, July 4, where they thought a riot or war was in progress, on account of the firing of guns and cannon, the martial music and other accompa- niments of the national holiday celebration. Arrived at Mt. Pu- laski the family spent the winter, and in the spring of 1849 began farming operations on the well-known Steinbergen farm. The father was furnished with a log house and fuel free, besides being paid $144 for his year's work. The boys began the study of Eng- lish under old Mr. Steinbergen, and so great was the proficiency of the two younger sons that they mastered the language in a few months. Mrs. Suedmeier was killed, the result of an accident, caused by a runaway team. The three sons are now prosperous farmers. Christian Suedmeier managed his father's^farm in Mt. Pulaski for a few years, and in February, 1872, settled on part of his present farm, building the rear wing of his present house, i He bought the land as raw prairie, and has broken it, planted 51 812 HISTOEY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. every tree and erected every building on the 280 acres by his own exertions and management, and now has one of the best farms in Laenna Township. His roomy farm-house was built in 1875. June 1, 1860, he married Margaret Maus, daughter of Oonrad Maus, who came from Nassau, Gerraany, in 1853, to America, bringing his wife, Catherine (Michel) Maus, and six children with him. Mrs. Maus died in 1880. Mr. Maus is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Suedmeier have eight children — Mary, now Mrs. John Yetter; Katie, wife of Dr. Bnllard; Henry P., Lena M., Eva, Frederick "W"., George and Lottie. Annie M. died in her nineteenth year, and Edward died aged four years. The family belong to the Second Lutheran Church, of Mt. Pulaski. Politically Mr. Sued- meier affiliates with the Democratic party. He has served as high- way commissioner of Mt. Pulaski Township, overseer and as school director. Dedrich Tendick was born in the year 1846 in YlUyn, near Mors and Diisseldorf, is a son of Barnhard and Margaret Tendick. In 1850 the father came with his family to America. Leaving his family at Jacksonville he came to Logan County, and bought of James Turley the farm where our subject now resides; and while returning to his family at Jacksonville, as there was no Saturday train from Springfield to Jacksonville, he attempted to walk the distance a hot midsummer day, and being overcome by the extreme heat he died on the way. Barnhard was born in 1814, and married in 1841 Margaret Wevers, who was born in the year 1812. He left a widow and three sons — John, who died at the age of twelve years; Mathias, who took the name of his stepfather at the age of about twenty, died aged thirty-three years, leaving a widow and seven children. He also left a sister, Mrs. William flentmeister, of Mt- Pulaski Township, and two brothers living in Jacksonville. The widow of Barnhard Tendick married, in 1861, H. Schmilgen, who was born in 1813, and to this union was born one son. George, who died at the age of seven years. They moved to the west line of this (Pulaski) township in 1858, and in 1865 settled in Lincoln, where they resided nineteen years, when they broke up housekeep- ing on account of their advanced age, and have since made their home with our subject on the old homestead, he having built an addition to his house giving them a few rooms for their exclusive use. Dedrich Tendick was married in January, 1877, to Minnie Fichbach, who was born in Elkhart Township, in 1859. They have three sons — John Herman, born in 1877; Henry Barnhard, MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 813 born in 1879; and Uriah Frederick, born in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Tendick are members of the First Lutheran Church, of which J. T. Butgers is the present pastor. In politics Mr. Tendick affiliates with the Democratic party. He has made many substantial im- provements on his farm, and in 1884 completed his present residence. John JB. Toole, farmer, section 12, was born April 21, 1822, in Fairfield County, Ohio, and followed woolen manufacturing until coming to Illinois. He came to Logan County, Illinois, with his family in 1866, and settled on the 200-acre farm where he now lives, formerly the Bowman farm. November, 3, 1845, he was married to Miss Mary E. Ring, daughter of Major George Eing, deceased, of Fairfield County, Ohio, and Mary (Ludwig) Eing. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Toole removed to Pickaway County, Ohio, and there lived until they removed to Illinois. They have an only son, John G. Toole, born September 10, 1862, in Pickaway County, Ohio, and now manager of the homestead. Mr. John H. Toole is a member of the Masonic lodge of Mount Pulaski. Politically he is a Eepublican. George W. Turley, deceased, one of the three founders of Mount Pulaski, was born MarcU 5, 1798, near Mount Stirling, Kentucky. His father, James Turley, a Virginian, was one of the first settlers on Lake Fork, Logan County, locating there in Territorial times. He brought his family of fourteen children with him from Ken- tucky. Among the Indians, with whom he was a sort of arbitrator, he was known as the " Big Chief." All of the children are now deceased, and James Turley and wife are buried in the Carlysle burying ground, five miles west of town. The subject of this sketch, G. W. Turley, was twice married, only two of his children surviving — Mrs. M. L. Beam, of Mount Pulaski, and Mrs. E. A. Parks, of Lincoln. Mr. Turley at an early day was a farmer in Mount Pulaski Township, and in 1836 interested himself, with Jabez Capps and Dr. Eobinson, in laying out the town of Mount Pulaski. He was a busy, stirring man, doing all in his power to develop the town and advance its interests. He built the house at the northwest corner of the square, now the home of Mrs. Beam, and one of the oldest houses in Mount Pulaski, and lived here un- til his death, which occurred February 28, 1865. In early life he was a teacher, was justice of the peace at a later day, and was known as 'Squire Turley. J. 0. Turley is a great-grandson of James Turley, the first 814 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. settler on the Lake Fork, and one of the first white men perma- nently located in Logan County. He it was whom the Indians designated the " Big Chief" and " Big Bostony." He was born in Virginia, and there married Agnes Kirby. They removed to Ken- tucky, carrying their two first-born children in baskets, one swung on each side of a steady pack-horse. Mr. Turley came to Logan County about the time of the change from Territorial to State Government, and made as a "claim" part of the present William R. Buckles farm, building 100 rods to the east of the Buckles home, his double log house, the first ever built in the Lake Fork Valley. His second wife was Mrs. Sarah (Hoblit) Lucas, widow of Thomas Lucas. Mr. Turley was the father of a large family. His sons were — David, Samuel, William, Charles, George Washington,Jef- ferson and John. Charles Turley, born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, married Sarah Cheatham and came to Logan County with three children — Osben, Elizabeth and Marshall — about 1829, locating on the present Goff farm, in Elkhart Township, where he and his wife both died, and are buried in the Carlyle graveyard. He was a volunteer in the Black Hawk war. His eldest son, Os- ben, born in Kentucky in 1812, came to Illinois with his father and was reared in Logan County, and here he married Mary Su- san Ridgeway, of Buffalo Hart Grove, born in 1813. She is de- scribed by old settlers as the prettiest girl in Logan County at that day. Three of the children born to them are living — Robert, living in Mount Pulaski ; James Osben, the subject of this sketch, and Lucy, wife of T. T. Turley. Osben Turley early developed a singular ability as a trader and dealer in live-stock. It is related that he made a rude saddle of bark and brush, with hickory thongs for stirrups, and on this rode and carried chickens to Springfield for sale. His first "horse " was a mule, and his first carter wagon, a home-made affair, was a nine-days wonder. As an auctioneer he was not excelled, and is well remembered. A self-educated man, he acquired a considerable knowledge of law, and pettifogged for the settlers of that day. His farm, now the Robert Turley farm, in Elkhart Township, was acquired by him from a penniless be- ginning, and such was his talent as a money-maker, that at his death in his fortieth year. May, 1852, he was ranked among the Gilletts, Lawrences and other wealthy men of this county. Many are the stories related of his "makeshifts" and original devices for bettering his woldly condition. J. O. Turley was born Septem- ber 15, 184Y, in Elkhart Township, where he began for himself as ^1 / ■-' « 1^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 815 a farmer and stock-dealer in 1867. He is in every sense a success- ful, prudent manager, and has one of the best kept and neatest appearing farms in the township. He was married first in March, 1866, to Sarah Ellen Buckles, daughter of Jeremiah Buckles, de- ceased. They had two children — Robert Lee, born February 16, 1867, and Mary Susan, born February 21, 1869. The year 1869 is one ever to be remembered sorrowfully by Mr. Turley, as in that year his wife and two little ones died. His wife, Sarah E., died May 9, 1869; Mary S., the infant daughter, died in August, and little Robert followed a month later. The result of this was that the husband and father broke up his home and after a time sold out his farm. In August, 1871, he married again, Mrs. Kittie Phipps, widow of James Phipps, who died February 18, 1869. Mrs. Turley is the only daughter of John Buckles, Esq. Mr. and Mrs. Turley have one son — John Elmer, born March 5, 1873. An infant son,Frankie,died November 18,1884. Mr. Tnrley's present farm consists of 280 acres, part of it being the old Landis farm. He has rebuilt the house, built the barn, painted, remodeled, and generally improved, until the old place is completely transformed. Mr. Turley's brother, Theodore, died a Union soldier during the Rebellion, aged twenty- two. Marshall, another brother, died when three years old. A sister, Elizabeth, married Chalton C. Buckles, and died September 18, 1 874, leaving four children — John, Charles F., Addie and Ulysses Grant. Richard E. Turley, deceased, was the only son of George W. Turley, Esq., and Margaret (Scott) Turley, and was born July 27, 1827, near Lake Fork, Logan County, Illinois. He grew up a farmer and speculator in real estate. In 1849 he crossed the plains to California and spent two profitable years in the mines there. Returning he invested part of his capital in and about Mount Pulaski, platting at different times the additions known as R. E. Tnrley's First, Second, Third and Fourth additions to Mount Pulaski. In 1883, as an inducement to go forward with the work of sinking a coal shaft, he donated five acres of valuable land for that en- terprise. He showed the same commendable public spirit on many occasions and was looked upon as one of the progressive men of his town. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, of the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry and was elected Sec- ond Lieutenant of the company, he having been very active in recruiting it. He served three years, participating in all the movements and engagements of the regiment, and was mustered ^2 816 HISTORY OP LOGAN COUNTY, out in 1865, as First Lieutenant of his company, in whicli he had been very popular, both aS a soldier and officer. He then lived in comparative retirement at Mount Pulaski, until his death, Septem- ber 25, 1885. His wife, who survives him, was Miss Annie Baxter, born in Knox County, Ohio. They had no children. Mr. Turley in politics, was a Republican and in religion a Universalist. Mr. Turley had been a warm exponent of Republicanism until Prohi- bition, as he thought, superseded it in importance and usefulness. The first had performed its mission; the latter would. He was one of twelve in Mount Pulaski Township who possessed the moral courage to vote the Prohibition ticket in 1884. Captain David Vanhise, proprietor of the Mount Pulaski Tile Works, was born August 22, 1822, in Fairfield County, Ohio. His parents, James and Nancy (Winstead) Vanhise, were both born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. David Vanhise was reared on a farm in Fairfield County. In 1856 he came to Illinois, and entered into partnership with George Mayer and W. W. Martin, of the firm of George Mayer & Co. August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois In- fantry, but was immediately elected Captain of the company, com- manding it through the movements preceding and during the siege of Vicksbnrg, and, after the surrender of that stronghold, in the guerrilla campaigns in Arkansas — a difficult, dangerous service. In 1865 he was promoted Major of the One Hundred and Sixth, and on his discharge returned to Mount Pulaski, resuming his mercantile business with Mayer and Martin. In 1876-'77- 78, he was engaged in the lumber trade here, and in 1879, instituted the tile works, which enterprise has proved to be a substantial benefit to the country about the Mount, as well as a financial success to its genial founder. Captain Vanhise, as he is best known, has been a church communicant since he was sixteen years of age and is now, with his wife, a member of the Mount Pulaski Methodist Episco- pal Church. He was also a charter member of Mount Pulaski Lodge, No. 27, K. P. — now discontinued. He was married Octo- ber 17, 1842, in Ohio, to Catherine Martin, of Pickaway County, that State. John T. Walker, farmer, on section 4, was born in 1829, in Pick- away County, Ohio, and is a son of James and Margaret (Rollins) Walker. The father died in 1846, aged thirty-eight years and eight months, and the mother September 20, 1885, aged seventy- eight years, four months and four days. They had eleven chil- srr A MT. PULASKI T0WN8BIP. 817 dren, it proving a most remarkable family in several respects, as seven of the sons entered the Union army during the Rebellion of 1861 to 1865. Moses Walker enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois and was shot through the face and head in such a way as to paralyze one side of his face; Asahel enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois; James enlisted in the Seventh Illinois and was shot through the leg at Shiloh; Samuel enlisted in the Seventh Illinois, served three years and was killed at Alatoona, Georgia; Ezekiel enlisted in the Thirty-becond Illinois, and died at Natchez,Mi8si88ippi;William enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois and was drowned in the Arkansas River. Our subject, John T. Walker, enlisted August, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry. He served in the Trans- Mississippi army, participating in the siege of Yicksburg and Little Rock campaign, and was mustered out July 12, 1865, having had many narrow escapes from rebel bullets. Mr. Walker mar- ried, in 1849, Sarah J. Jackson, born in Miami County, Ohio, July 25, 1828. Of the nine children born to them, only four are living — Sarah E., Mary A., William F. and Martha S. Mr. Walker came to Illinois in 1841, living for many years in a log house in the Salt Creek timber, this county. He had lived on his present farm of eighty-seven acres for the past ten years. Mrs. Walker is a daughter of James and Sarah (Jones) Jackson and was brought by her parents to Illinois in 1830. The family wintered in a floor- less log house on Round Prairie during the winter of "deep snow," and saw much hardship and many adventures during that winter and spring. The mother used a half-bushel measure for a washtub and was compelled in the spring to dig a ditch, diago- nally across her cabin, to drain off the water. The family later re- moved to Salt Creek, then to Hurricane Point and from tiiere to Fremont. He then bought out the claim of Robert Frakes on Salt Creek. Here the father died, April 28, 1872, and the mother August 6, 1842. Of their eight children, only three survive— Mrs. Walker, Mrs. Laughlin, and William R. Jackson, who served in the Union army, in the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois. A son, Abner Jackson, died in the service. John M. 'Whitney was born JSIovember 17, 1836, in Bolton, Massachusetts. His father, Joseph Whitney, farmer, was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, and married Eliza Sanders, ot West Townsend, Massachusetts. Joseph Whitney was a son of David Whitney, and a grandson of Samuel Whitney, who was one 818 HISTOKT OF LOGAN COUNTY. of the Coneord Committee of Safety on the day of the battle which inaugurated the American Revolution. David Whitney saw the first battle, he being fourteen years old then. The Whitneys are of English descent and the family was founded at Watertown, Mas- sachusetts, in 1632. John M. Whitney was educated in the New England Normal Institute, and in the scientific department of Am- herst College, finally taking a course in chemistry under Prof. Hors- ford in the Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard College. In 1865 he left his birthplace and lived two years atFitchburg, Massachusetts, one year at Dorchester, New Jersey, ££nd then settled on a fruit farm at E wing's Neck, New Jersey, where he had a fifty-acre peach-orchard. After residing here nine years his plantation was overflowed by an unusually high tide, and the labor of years was destroyed in a few hours by the salt water. Selling out here, he resolved to locate permanently at Mount Pulaski, Illinois, and go into mechanical business, for which he had always had a natural inclination. This was in 1878, and the same year he built his ma- chine shop. This proved a success and he has since built at a convenient distance from the spring a handsome residence. In 1883 he erected a tenement house on the modern plan for the occu- pancy of six families. It is well built and convenient, and there is seldom a vacant room. In the following year he built a cider- raill with automatic power-press in connection with his shop. By the aid of this, his engine and two men he can make seventy-five barrels of cider per day. Mr. Whitney, preserving the character- istics of his family, has always been interested in the invention of labor-saving machinery. Among his creations may be mentioned a corn cultivator, to run astride the corn row, one of the first of its kind, patented 1858; an automatic or self-holding plow, an odom- eter for registering the distance a carriage-wheel passes over, etc., a pump governor and a perfectly automatic windmill, known as the "Yankee," in popular use by many Logan County farmers. He is a self-taught mechanic and feels now that he is doing that which his native inclination and ability prompted him to do long ago. Mrs. Whitney was Ellen A. Nourse, born October 27, 1834, in Bolton, Massachusetts. She is a daughter of Caleb Nourse, farmer, of Bolton, who is a son of Barnard and Hannah (Barrett) Nourse. He married Orrissa Holman, also born in Bolton. The family is descended from the Salem family of Nourses, who were so perse- cuted in the dark days of witch-craft. '-Mr. and Mrs. Whitney were married May 7, 1861. ^__ -' j^ 14^ MT. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. 819 Z. K. Wood, proprietor of Junction Elevator, Mount Pulaski, was born in West Yarmouth, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, September 29, 1841. In July, 1862, he enlisted as a private sol- dier in Company A, Forty-first Massachusetts Infantry, serving until June, 1864, when he took part in the organization of the Pirst New Orleans Infantry, of which regiment he was made Adju- tant with commission of First Lieutenant. The Forty-first Massa- chusetts served principally in Louisiana, and during part of the time Mr. Wood was employed as clerk in the United States District Courts, under Judge Peabody and others. He was also clerk in the provost-marshal's office. From 1864 to 1865 Lieutenant Wood was in, charge of the military prisoners in New Orleans. When relieved from that duty he was assigned to duty on the staff of General T. W. Sherman as aide-de-camp. In May, 1866, he was transferred to the headquarters of General Phil. Sheridan and June 1 of that year he was mustered out of the service. Heturning East he spent some time in New York as a clerk in a mercantile house, and for about one year was in the freight auditor's office of the Chicago, Burlington & Qaincy Railroad Company, in Chicago. He then went to Kansas, where for seven years he owned and managed a cattle ranch in Pottawatomie County. During this time he rode over the greater part of Eastern Kansas, at a time when the Indian troubles of that State were by no means settled, on one occasion volunteering, with his neighbors, to help repress and punish the redskins. In 1875 he sold his Kansas property and re- moved to Warrensburg, Illinois, two years later beginning the grain business in Latham, Illinois. In 1881 he came to Mount Pulaski, where he rebuilt the Juntion Elevator on the site of the one burned December 16, 1880, of which he was part owner. Mr. Wood married in Macomb, Illinois, Sarah J. Chase, born in Macomb, of which place her parents, formerly from New Hampshire, were early settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Wood have two children — Harvey Chase, born in 1882, and Margaret, born in 1885, both in Mount Pulaski. Politically Mr. Wood is a Eepublican. He still buys most ot the grain at Latham, with his partner, P. Maus, in charge. Zeiss da Bekemeyer, merchants. This firm was founded in 1880 and by its wonderful success has become one of the leading houses in the whole county. Both partners are what is usually termed "live business men," with good qualifications and of experience. They have an advantageous site at the southeast corner of the square, and a large, complete stock, full of evervthing needed to -^ L^ 820 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. supply their unusually large trade. Their stock, originally $10,000 to $12,000, has been increased to $18,000 and $20,000, and com- prises a full line of dry-goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps and a a carpet department. They also have a complete stock of family and fancy groceries, glassware and queen's ware. Captain George P. Zeiss was born in Marburg, Germany, and came to America in 1868, locating first in Rochester, New York. After quite an extensive trip over the greater part of the United States, he came to Decatur, Illinois, and engaged in the dry-goods trade for about eight years. Coming to Mount Pulaski in 1878 he opened a boot and shoe store, meeting with good success by close attention to his business. He branched out by taking in Mr. H. S. Bekemeyer as his p^irtner, and laid in a general stock of mercandise. Mr. Bekemeyer is a native of Springfield, Illinois. In 1875 he came to Mount Pulaski, and after clerking for two years for George S. Sawyer, went into the grocery business for himself. In 1880 he entered into his present partnership. The firm has a large double store, glass front, with basement of same size, and have merited the large and exten- sive trade now controlled by them. CHAPTER XXIX. ORAN TOWNSHIP. Geogkapht. — Township Officeks. — Statistics. — Political. — Beason. — Business. — Chukohes. — Biogeaphical. Oran is in the eastern tier of townships, contains between thirty- four and thirty-five square miles, and is bounded as follows: On the north by Atlanta Township, on the east by De Witt County, on the south by jEtna Township and on the west by East Lincoln Township. It is drained by Deer Creek, which rises near its cen- ter, and Kickapoo Creek, which fiows along the northern border. The Champaign & Havana Line runs due east and west through the southern tier of sections, having two stations — Skelton and Beason — within its limits. official. The following is a list of township officials from the date of its organization till 1885: 1867_Supervisor, William S. Curry; Clerk, E. L. Cannon; Assessor, M. C. Stark; Collector, H. A. Pruitt; Highway Com- missioners, James Ban, N. W. Robinson and G. W. Middlecoff'; Justices, W. J. Reece and Owen Davis; Constables, James Cannon and H. A. Pruitt. 1868— Supervisor, S. P. Boardman; Clerk, E. L. Cannon; As- sessor, J. M. S. Cantwall; Collector, G. W. Middlecoff; Highway Commissioner, William J. Reece; Justice, John S. Boosinger. 1869— Supervisor, Adam G. Shields; Clerk, John S. Boosinger; Assessor, G. W. Middlecoff; Collector, Andrew Shields; Highway Commissioner, T. J. Copes. 1870— Supervisor, Adam G. Shields; Clerk, John S. Boosinger; Assessor, Henry W. Sullivan; Collector, Andrew Shields; High- way Commissioners, N. W. Robinson and George Gelsthorp; Jus- tices, John S. Boosinger, R. B. Mills and H. A. Pruitt; Constar bles, William J. Reece and E. R. Williams. 1871— Supervisor, Adam G. Shields; Clerk, John S. Boosinger; Assessor, William J. Reece; Collector, John S. Boosinger; High- (831 -.K" 822 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. way Commissioner, William J. Keece; Justice, Thomas B. Short. 1872 — Supervisor, A. G. Shields; Clerk, Jesse A. Hawes; Assessor, Bartholomew Gardner; Collector, John Bell; Highway Commissioner, John Harmon; Constable, E. G. Copes. 1873 — Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, Hiram A. Smith; As- sessor, A. B. Young; Collector, Thomas L. Sullivan; Highway Commissioner, George Gelsthorp; Justices, George Atchison and Henry W. Sullivan; Constables, George Marvel and Marion Hull. 1874 — Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, John P. Jones; Assessor, John T. Butler; Collector, John H. Bell; Highway Commissioner, James H. Gambrel; Constable, William Gambrel; Trustee, H. W. Sullivan. 1875 — Supervisor, John H. Bell; Clerk, John W. Haas; As- sessor, Peter J. Hawes; Collector, James C. Curry; Highway Commissioner, John T. Butler; Justice, B. Gardner; Constable, John T. Harmon. 1876— Supervisor, John H. Bell; Clerk, John W. Haas; As- sessor, Henry W. Sullivan ; Collector, A. T. Hayes; Highway Commissioner, George Gelsthorp; Justice, A. G. Shields; Consta- bles, John Harmon, Jr., Zachariah Duncan and David Hanger. 1877 — Supervisor, John H. Bell; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; Assessor, H. A. Pruitt; Collector, James C. Curry; Highway Commissioner, John Rhodes; Justices, H. A. Pruitt and A. G. Shields; Constables, Robert Whiteman and Samuel Gambrel. 1878— Supervisor, W. S.Curry; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; As- sessor, H. A. Pruitt; Collector, L. W. Sullivan; Highway Com- missioner, J. F. Gordon; Justice, Thompson Gambrel. 1879 — Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; Assessor, H. A. Pruitt; Collector, L. W. Sullivan; Highway Commissioner, George Gelsthorp; Justices, H. A. Pruitt and J. Barr; Constables, J. H. Hammerton and C. Seal. 1880 — Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; Assessor, W. S. Curry; Collector, S. W. Sullivan; Highway Com- missioner W. H. Estes; Justices, H. A. Pruitt and John Barr; Constables, W. S. Jones and William Gambrel. , 1881— Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; Assessor, G. W. Middlecoff; Collector, L. W. Sullivan; Highway Commissioner, James H. Gambrel; Justices, W. C. Mountjoy and B. H. Pendleton; Constables, William Gambrel and W. S. Jones. 1882— Supervisor, A. T. Hayes; Clerk, John T. Gelsthorp; Assessor, E. R. Vanmeter; Collector, L. W. Sullivan; Highway H^ .: — : — ' _ ' rr»- T OEAK TOWNSHIP. 823 Commissioner, J. W. Haas; Justice, H. A. Pruitt; Trustee, T. L. Sullivan. 1883 — Supervisor, John O'Hare; Clerk, John A. Pruitt; As- sessor, W. S. Curry; Collector, J. H. Hammer ton; Highway Commissioner, W. H. Estes. 1884 — Supervisor, John O'Hare; Clerk, John. A. Pruitt; As- sessor, W. S. Curry; Collector, J. H. Hammerton; Highway Commissioner, Japies H. Gambrel; Constable, John M. Cheek; Trustee, George Gelsthorp. 1885 — Supervisor, John O'Hare; Clerk, John A. Pruitt; As- sessor, "W". S. Curry; Collector, J. H. Hammerton; Highway Commissioner, W. P. Hunt; Justices, W. S. Jones and W. C. Montgomery; Constables, "W". W. Sample and A. L. Harmon. STATISTICS. • Oran Township had 769 inhabitants in 1870, and 1,002 by the census of 1880. In 1885, there are about 1,000, there having been no perceptible increase of late. The valuation and taxation of the property in 1875 are here compared with the same items in 1885: 1875.— Equalized valuation, $631,881; State tax, $1,895.64; county tax, $1,263.76; no town tax; school tax, $3,383.17; road tax, $161.64; no road and bridge tax; sinking fund tax, $631.88; county bond tax, $821.46; town bond interest tax, $2,609.31; same for sections formerly in Atlanta, $537.58; back tax, $640; total taxes, $11,310.84. 1885.— Equalized valuation, $401,222; State tax, $1,402.20; county tax, $2,604.11; township 'tax, $440.70; road and bridge tax, $1,602.53; county bond interest tax, $520.83; township bond in- terest tax, $2,283.61; township bond sinking fund tax, $1,041.64; district school tax, $3,158; dog tax, $106; back taxes, $86.82; total taxes, $13,246.44. POLITICAL. In political sentiment, the township is Eepublican, though by small majorities. Following is the vote for President since the township was organized: 1868— Ulysses 8. Grant 75 10 Horatio Seymour 65 1873— Ulysses 8. Grant. 107 30 Horace Greeley 77 1876— Rutherford B. Hayes 119 15 Samuel J. Tilden 104 1880— Winfleld S. Hancock. . . .126 James A. Garfield 104 James B. "Weaver 3 Neal Dow 1 1884^James G. Blaine 114 Grover Cleveland 113 John P. St. John 6 33 jjs 824r HISTORY OF LOGAN OOUNTT. SEASON, a village of about 200 inhabitants, is situated nearly ten miles east -.f Lincoln, on the Champaign & Havana Line of the Indianapolis, Bloomington & "Western Raih-oad. It was laid out in July, 1872, by Silas Season (from whom it received its name), George Gels- thorp, and others. Additions to the original town were made by Joseph Wilson, Elias Hamilton and Lewis G. Turk. The first store was built by Berryman Pendleton, and by him used as a gro- cery. It is now owned by H. A. Pruitt. The second store was erected by M. R. Hall, and occupied by Joseph Baswick with a general stock of goods. After Mr. Pendleton sold the first store, he erected a third, which is now occupied by Johnston & Co. John A. Evans built the first dwelling in town, and very shortly after William Yerg and Berryman Pendleton put up houses. Pruitt & Gelsthorp erected an elevator in 1873. It is now used by Arm-. strong & Gelsthorp, and from it large amounts of grain are shipped. BUSINESS INTERESTS. The business firms of 1885 are: Armstrong & Gelsthorp, agri- cultural implements, stock and grain; Esten & Randolph, grain; J. C. Curry &Bro., L. H. Sullivan and Johnson & Armstrong, general stores; S. E. McClelland and H. Davis, druggists and phy- sicians; A. Homey, hotel; J. C. West, restaurant and billiard hall; Frank Rudolph, blacksmith and manufacturer of road carts; Fred Stoll, blacksmith; L. Donegan, barber; William T. Hunt, harness- maker; J. H. Hubbell, carpenter and wagon shop; William Jones and Henry Knowles, shoe shops; John Harmon, carpenter; Jacob Jensen, butcher; John F. Lucas, station agent; John T. Gelsthorp, postmaster. The postmasters here have been, in order, Berryman Pendleton, Joseph S. Barwick, C. W. Floyd, Levi Dixon, George A. Curry and John T. Gelsthorp. (JHUECHES. The Methodist Episcopal Society is the largest here, the usual attendance being 200. That at Sunday-school is about 100. The society was organized a mile east of Beason, about 1865. Here they built a house of worship and held their meetings until 1877, when they moved the church to the village. Rev. A. M. Danely, of Lincoln, preaches here the first and third Sundays of each month. =SS^ OEAN TOWNSHIP. 825 The Christians erected a house of worship in 1873 and 1874, but are now inactive. The Cumberland Preshyterians have a society numbering about thirty, and an attendance of perhaps 125. Eev. S. Eichards, of Lincoln, preaches here the second and fourth Sundays of each month. John M. Ross is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has some fifty pupils. BIOGRAPHICAL. George W. Atchison was born in Kentucky, June 4, 1834, his parents, Isara and Mary Atchison, being natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. In the fall of 1834 his parents moved to De Witt County, Illinois, they being among the early settlers of that county. They were the parents of seven children — George W., John T., David W., Charles W., Paulina E., Margaret D. and Mary. The last two are deceased. Our subject was reared to maturity in De Witt County, and there received a fair education. He was married March 12, 1856, to Mary A. Reece, daughter of Sampson and Sarah Reece. This union has been blessed with nine children, of whom six are living — Paulina E., Charles H., Nellie H., Frank R., Asa R. and Edgar J. Bertha L., Teedie and Winfield S. are deceased Mr. Atchison settled on section 3,0ran To\vnship,inl856,where he has since resided and is the owner of 207 acres of good land. He enlisted in the late war in the three-months service in June, 1861, and after the expiration of his term of service he re-enlisted in October, 1862, in Company E, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, and a few days later was appointed Corpo- ral, and served in that capacity till his discharge in February, 1865. He was principally on guard duty, while not in the hos- pital, where he spent much of his time, both as a patient and a nurse. Mr. Atchison is a practical farmer, and in his agricultural pursuits has been very successful. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to the lodge at Atlanta. George W. Barr was born January 22, 1835, in what is now Atlanta Township, Logan County, his parents, James and Marga- ret Barr, being early settlers of Logan County. His father entered about a quarter-section of land in Atlanta Township, then moved two miles south in Oran Township, where he lived till his decease. His mother is still living. Of the nine children born to his parents six survive. George W. Barr has followed agricult- ural pursuits tlirough life, and in his youth received a limited 826 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. education in the district schools. He was married August 14, 1856, to -Polly A. Luudj, daughter of John and Nancy Lundy, who were early settlers of Logan County, coming here from Indiana. To Mr. and Mrs. Barr have been born seven children, of whom four are living — William A., born May 23, 1857; Stephen D., February 24, 1860; Effle B., January 17, 1866, and Clara D., December 6, 1867. Margaret L., Mary A. and Jane A. are de- ceased. Mr. Barr settled in his present home on section 14, Oran Township, about 1856. He has met with much success in his farming pursuits, owing to his industrious habits and good man- agement, and is now the owner of 520 acres of land. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is one of the leading citizens of Oran Township. Lewis Barr, a pioneer of Oran Township, was born April 19, 1818, in Gibson County, Ind. He came with his parents, John and Nancy Barr, to what is now Logan County, Illinois, in the year 1836, they settling in the north part of Sangamon County, now Oran Township, Logan County, where they lived till their death. They reared six sons and three daughters to maturity, of whom the following are yet living — Thomas, Lewis and Rebecca, the latter said to be the first white woman who settled on the Kickapoo, then in McLean County, now De Witt County. Our subject received but a limited education, he from an early age being engaged in the duties of the farm. He was first married in 1840 to Rebecca Cox, of De Witt County, Illinois, who died twenty- two months after her marriage. Mr. Barr was again united in marriage September 18, 1844, to Martha Montgomery, who was born March 13, 1819, in Gibson County, Indiana. She was a daughter of Walter and Nancy Montgomery. Five of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Barr are living — Nancy J., John W., Matilda E., Rebecca E. and Andrew J. Andrew J. is a grad- uate of the Wesleyan University at Bloomington, in which city he is at present engaged in the practice of law. Mr. Barr has seen much of pioneer life and now in his declining years he is enjoy- ing that rest which a life spent in usefulness has so well earned. He is the owner of 150 acres of land in Oran Township, this county, where he is surrounded by all the necessary comforts of life. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. Mr. Barr is of Irish descent. His father was born in Belfast, Ireland, and his mother in South Carolina, of Irish parents. Andrew J. Berrykill, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of ;^ \\ ■ ■ -^.-^^^ ::m:: S-^-^- *' t^^'^i