h 0mMf t&fi *P. W-i-'^jl TKi [«*»: \% W^^mMi. *. P'* I FR /^ Qp Lj- ..X- BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Hcnrg IBJ. Sage 1891 ..h-M^k. r Mf^lM.. 3ol)rfslJfri(t)t fiber bie IRecmitIc I. Orbnuttg 511 Jlofn, fiir bag ^ti^ulja^t 1859— 60. |)erau8gegeben con bem director Dr. Sdjelljn. SSornuS ge^t eine 3lb{)anbtitng be6 §errn Dr. ©tinb: An historical and literary inquiry into the development of the epistolary literature of England. ^O^iY tiiln 1860. ®rucf con -3. ^. 93 ad) cm, aRarjcaenftro^e 9?r. 20. 1v, 6 A' va.fe7fcir An historical and literary inquiry into the development of the epistolaiy literature of England. A great part of the intercourse of human life is carried on by epistolary writing. It is necessary to friendship and love, to interest and ambition. In every pursuit and in every department of polished life to write letters, is an indispensable requisite, and to write them well, has been at all tilnes regarded a liberal and polite accomplishment. In our days the epistolary literature has in a high degree attracted the attention of the people, and the letters of every distinguished man are regarded as precious relics, are assiduously , collected and read with great predilection. It will scarcely be necessary to give reasons for it; for it is evident, that nowhere a man better displays his character, that nowhere he speaks more ingenuously the true language of his heart, than in letters to his family or friends. Nowhere therefore the source of his real ideas and sentiments flows more clearly than in his epistolary intercourse. As it is the proper nature of letters to treat trifling and serious subjects with the same circumstantiality and to dwell freely on those matters, which are to be concealed from the eyes of man, we shall be astonished to find by their reading our information corrected and enlarged. What a statesman in his speeches, the learned author in his works omits, or of which he gives but obscure and unintelligible hints, all this is very often minutely explained in the letters, which they have given to their colleagues or friends. Concerning this we need only to observe, how much the letters of Cicero, Pliny, Seneca, and in the German literature those of Lessing, Schiller and Goethe have contributed to understand the time, in which these authors lived and the works they have written. — The history of the development of the epistolary literature of England can be divided into two pex-iods, the first ot Svhich begins at the commencement of epistolary writing down to the XVIII"' century, and the other comprises the modern age. CHAPTER I. On the epistolary literature before the XVIIF" century. We need not to observe, that in descending to the origin of the epistolary literature and, as it were, to the literary infancy of the English nation, we shall find the first letters, which have been published, deficient in what we call elegance and conciseness of diction. It is with literature as with every other art and science. Every beginning is feeble, and yet nothing indicates the greatness, which it is destined to attain afterwards. The first publi- cation we know of, are the Original Letters,') which were written during the reign of Henry VI., Edward IV. and Kichard III. As they are dated from that age, in which these terrible and famous quarrels between the White and Eed Roses took place, and of which they give some details, we may regard them as remarkable documents of history ; but for their style, they do not deserve our attention, for there is nothing so incompact and loose as the language, in which they are written. — We have from this time another faint dawn in the Paston Letters,^) which date from the second part of the fifteenth century and treat common affairs of a noble family residing in Norfolk. This collection has no other interest than to show that the juncture of the dissimi- lar parts of the Anglo-Saxon and the Norman-Erench was finished, and even the rules fixed, by which the amalgamation of those two quite different languages in words and phrases had been efi'ected.') These letters are therefore intelligible to every body, who understands modern English. Some few words have afterwards lost their original significations and changed their terminations. But as these letters are mere curiosities for those, who will study particu- larly the development of English prose, we hasten to those writers, whose letters are more instructive and useful. — At the head of our literary inquiry we may place the letters of Thomas Morus,*) the renowned Chancellor of King Henry VIII., the same man, who following his conviction died a martyr to his religion and to the belief of his ancestors. In the history of the Eng- lish literature we find him cited as the first author, whose prose is good. The same may be said of his letters. They are a picture of his character, where energy and mildness, sound understanding and profound learning were united to a high degree Of harmony in thoughts and feelings. The reader will be astonished to find at a time, so barren in nearly every department of literature, excellent letters, distinguished not only by richness of ideas but in laying open the first qualities of the human heart: sincerity, true love and attach- ment to his family and country ; and what is very surprising, these letters are written in a simple, true and unpolished style, in which words and sentences flow pleasantly, and the whole structure of the phrase is without constraint. Many of his letters aris written, after ') Original Letters, published by John Penn, London 1787. 2) Paston Letters ed. by Knyght. ') Bouterweck, Geschichte der Kiinste und Wissenschaften. VII. 10 u. Macaulay, History vol 1. p. 16. Tauchn ed *) Chambers' Cyclopaedia. — 3 - the custom of that age, in Latin and are addressed to Erasmus Koterodamus, to Martinus Dorpius, Petrus Aegidiua and tho many other learned men. Besides these there are still some, -vyhich he wrote to his family in the English language. The simplicity and conciseness of his diction will be the more admired, in as much as the epistolary style after him lost for a long time these properties. For the Enghgh prose had then to struggle with new difficulties. It was the time when the old classical literature of Greece and Rome was intro- duced into England. By prevalence of Greek and Roman learning many words were introduced into the English language and even the construction of phrases arranged after classic models. It cannot be denied, that in this manner the language has been greatly enriched with many new expressions, but there is on the other side observable a want of smoothness, which is principally offensive in epistolary diction. The prose of this time is not enervated, we may call it even energetical, but it is irregular, impHcated and unme- lodious. The more however we approach the eighteenth century, the more the traces of roughness and inaccuracy fade away, and the style becomes elegant and harmonious. Even those writers, who lived at the restoration and the second revolution, however deficient their works may be in many other respects, were not unsuccessful in refining and embellishing the style.*) These few remarks will be sufficient to characterise the English prose before the eigh- teenth century. II is obvious, that the influence of Greek and Roman learning was leas fa- vourable to prose than to poetry. For whilst poetry saw at the time of Queen Elisabeth its golden age, there. were in prose no works, which equal the great poetical productions of this century. Also the epistolary literature of this period is not rich, but it exhibits writers, who distinguished themselves by their virtues, and whose memory will always shine in English history. We here mention the names of Walter Raleigh, Philip Sidney, Bacon, Howell, Locke, Bentley, Temple, Clarendon and Lady Russell as letter-writers. Many of them have left but few letters, all however have treated in them matters of such common interest, that the reader will easily forget the difficulties of the language, in which they are composed. Here it may not be superfluous, to add the most momentous events of every writer's life. — Walter Raleigh was a celebrated seaman. He undertook several, though fruitless voyages of discovery to North-America. There he also founded Virginia. Under the reign of King James L he was accused of conspiracy against the life of the King, in conse- quence of which he was imprisoned and after twelve years' suffering executed. We cite here a passage of a letter, which he wrote to the King from prison: „For myself, I protest before almighty God, and I speak it to my master and sovereign, that I never intended treason against him; and yet I know, I shall fall in manibus eorum, a quibus non possum evadere, unless by Your Majesty's gracious compassion I be sustained. Our law therefore, most merciful prince, knowing her own cruelty, and knowing that she is wont to compound treason out of presumptions and circumstances, doth ^ve this charitable advice to the King, her supreme: Non solum sapiens esse sed et raisericors etc. Cum tu- tius sit reddere rationera misericordiae quam iudicii. I do therefore on the knees of my ') Conf. Edingburgh Eeview, vol XVm. p. 275. - 4 — heart beseech Your Majesty, from your own sweet and comfortable disposition, to remember, that I have served Your Majesty twenty years, for which Your Majesty hath jet given me no reward; and it is fitter, I should be indebted into my sovereign lord, than the King to his poor vassal. Save me therefore, most merciful' prince, that I may owe Your Majesty my life itself, than which there cannot be a greater debt." Philip Sidney is a member of that reputable Sidney family, which appears to have been at the time of Queen Elisabeth the .most enlightened, polished and virtuous, of which the English nation can boast. As regards himself, he was an excellent statesman and the favourite of the Queen. Amidst his public affairs he did not neglect his literary occupations and created in his „ Arcadia" a poetical work, which secures for ever his reputation as a poet. His letters are instructive and amusing. Here follows a passage from a letter, which he wrote to Queen Elisabeth, and in which he persuades her, not to marry the duke of Anjou : ,, Monsieur's disires and yours, how they shall meet in public matters, I think no oracle can tell; for as the geometricians say, that paralels, because they maintain divers lines, can never join: so truly two, having in the beginning contrary principles, to bring forth one doctrine, must be some doctrine. He of the Romish religion; and if be a man, must needs have that manlike property, to desire, that all men be of his mind: you the erector and defender of the contrary, and the only sun that dazzleth their eyes : he French and desiring to make France great.*- your Majesty English, and desiring nothing less than that France should not grow great: he, both hy own fancy and his youthful governors, embracing all ambitious hopes ; having Alexander's image in his head, but perhaps evil painted ; your Majesty with excellent virtue, taught what you should hope and by no less wisdom, what you may hope; with a council renowned over all Christendom for their well-tempered minds, having set the utmost of their ambition in your favour, and the study of their souls in your safety." Bacon and Locke introduced into the epistolary literature a more philosophic style. Their letters are less familiar than those of Sidney, but they are more exact in words and phrases. In both writers the terms are simple, clear and precise, but in Locke they are unpolished and in Bacon stiff. Friendship and love are hei-e but coldly treated, and the sound advices, with which these letters abound, are written in a style, which becomes more a scientific treatise than a familiar intercourse. As .effusions of good nature and common sense these letters may be admired, but cordiality and familiarity, which so well become the con- versational style, are wanting in them. The character and merits of both men, who are to be regarded as founders of a new philosophical direction, opposite the scholastic philosophy of the middle age, are well known and are thoroughly explained by Macaulay, ') the greatest historian of our age. We givei here a passage of one of Bacon's letters to Lord Edward Coke. ^Thirdly yov converse with books not men, and books specially human, and have no excellent choice with men, Mho are the best books: for a man of action and employment yov seldom converfee with, and then but with yovr underlings ; not freely, but as a school- master with his scholars, ever to teach, never to learn; But if sometimes yov would in your familiar discourse hear others and make election of such as know, what they speak, yov Macaulay, Essays U, 15; history III, 115. — 5 — hould know many of these tales yov tell to be but Ordinary,' and many other things, which yov delight to repKit, and serve in for novelties, to be but stale." The same didactac' acuteness, -which already ' appears in these words, is also conspicuous in the letters of Locke. What this learned man principally distinguished from his contem- poraries, was the generous feeling of toleration, which he recommended and defended in tliree letters at a time, when the religious parties of England eagerly persecuted each other.') We now come to Howell and Clarendon, two authors, who have acquired a lite- rary reputation both by their historical works and their letters. Howell was the first Englishman, who wrote the history of his own nation ; but as a letter-writer he is more known and esteemed. Both in composition and matter his letters have reached a high degree of perfection. As to the style, the only unfavourable remark, which can be made, is, that his pfarasea are often too long and too much elaborated, and that it is coloured • too often with French and Latin citations. In general his language is concise and clear. • By -nervous force of diction and nicety of expression he makes a near approach to that elegance in choice and arrangement of words, which characterises the prose style of the eighteenth century. Respecting the matter of his letters, we may call it excel- lent. Howell displa;ys here the whole treasure of knowledge, which he had gained in public life, in atudieSs and 'long travels. The following part of a letter, which he wrote from Rouen in the year 161&, may be a specimen of the elegance of his style and the richness of his ideas: „I am now upon the fair continent of France, one of nature's choicest masterpieces; one of Ceres' chiefest barns for corn ; one of Bachus's prime wine-cellars and of Neptune's best salt»-pits; a complete self-sufficii&nt country, where there is rather a superfluity than defect of any thing, either for necessity or pleasure, did the policy of the country corres- pond with the bounty" of- nature in the equal distribution oft the wealth amongst the inhabi- tants; for I think there is not Upon the earth a richer country and poorer people. It is true, England hath a good' repute abroad for her fertility, yet be our harvests never so kindly, and' our crops never So plentiful ; we have every year commonly some grain from thence or from Dantzick and other places, imported by the merchant: besides, there be many more heaths,^ commoiis, bleak barren hills and waste grounds in England, by many degrees, thain I here find."') The other writer, whose name is renowned by his historical works, is Lord Clarendon. In his letters he is much : inferior to Howell in beauty of style, but there is an interest of matter in theni, which renders them remarkable. The greatest part are addressed to those men, who in the turbulent age of the first' English revolution had the courage to plead ') Bibliotlieque de' Leclerc 1687, '1688, 1689. ^)' The following is 'the opinion of Morhor, a leariied Critic, concerning the Letters of Howell: ■ Non debent hie quoque omitti Jacobi Howell, equitis Angli, et Secretarii Kegii epistolae familiares... Mixta hie sunt negotiis civilibus litteraria, magnaque ilia rarissimarum rerum. varietas mirifice legentem delectat Agitur hie de rebus Anglicis, Gallicis, Italicis, Germanicis, Hispanis, Belgicis, Daniels, Suevicis, unde multa ad'Mstoriam eorum teraporum obsen'ari possunt. Insperguntur nonnumquam poetici sales et facetiae. PhysiCa et medlca non omittumtur. De rebus litterariis disquiritur. Historiae rarioves narrantur. Characterfes et Imeamenta vivorum illustrium et doctorum tam in Anghea quam in aJiis locis ab illo pro- ponuntur. Elucet senique ex stylo varia et elegans eruditio. Polyhistor. Litt. lib. H cap. 24. — 6 — openly the cause of oppressed monarchy.') Nor can here be omitted the letters of Ben t ley ,^) the first critical philologist of England and the founder of that celebrated philological school, which by severe but sound criticism diffused a more profound knowledge of the classic antiquity. As in those days there did not yet exist journals or reviews, learned men were obliged to perform a great part of their criticism by epistolary writing and to lay down in letters those researches, which now are communicated in literary magazines. In this respect the letters of Bentley deserve our intimate acquaintance. They are written partly in English, partly in Latin, and addressed to Hemsterhusius, Graevius, Bernard, Burmannus, Clericus and to many other meu, who were at that time the supporters of learning. A phi- lologist will read them with great advantage; for nowhere will he find better information of this man's character and talents. — The letters of William Temple will fix our attention nearly in the same manner. He was a celebrated statesman, as renowned by the management of the first public offices in England as by leading foreign affairs on those embassies, with which he was trusted, when the peace of Europe was troubled by French ambition. He wrote many letters to his friends on public affairs, which have been preserved ; whereas his correspondence with Dorothy Osborne, a lady, who became afterwards his wife, has been lost, which Courtenay, his biographer and Macaulay bear witness ^) His letters excel by richness of ideas and soundness of judgment. — In our treatise we meet now with the first female letter-writer, with Lady Kussell. The letters of this lady, says Chambers, have secured her a place in literature not much less elevated than that niche in history, which she has won by heroism and conjugal attach- ment. Lord WiUiam Russell, her husband, led at first a very dissipated life, but by the loveliness of his wife's character he was brought back to a more glorious career. He then entered into connexion with the Whigs and died a victim to this political party. Just at that time the Whigs had conspired against the life of the King and his brother. This bloody design seems however to have been known to Russell who was to feel its dreadful conse- quences. For this conspiracy Avas soon discovered, and the principal members of the Whigs were condemned to death. Lord Russell was of their number. His wife accompanied him on his last way to the scaffold and kept his memory always alive in her heart. Every letter bears witness, how much she loved him. Nowhere piety and conjugal affection find a language so pure and so proper. Nowhere are we more touched, than by the merciful words of her despair, into which the execution of her husband had driven her: „Lord,^) let me understand the reason of these dark and wounding providences, that I sink not under the discouragements of my own thoughts : I know, I have deserved my pu- nishment and will be silent under it, but yet secretly my heart mourns too sadly. I fear and cannot be comforted, because I have not the dear companion and sharer of all my joys and sorrows. " We condole with her, when broken by affliction she expostulates with the severe and terrible Providence and admire her, when consoled by religion she yields to the uninvesti- gable decrees of God: ') Conf. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars of England by Lord Ckrendon. Macaulay, history I, 171. ^) Richardi Bentleii at dactorum virorum epistolae partim mutnae. Lipsiae 1825 ed. Friedemaunus. ■'*) Macaulay, Essays III, p. 6. *) Letter to Dr. Fitzwilliam. — 7 — „Can 1 regret his qaitting a lesser good for a bigger? 01 if I did steadfastly believe, I could not be dejected. For I will not injure myself to say, 1 offer my mind any inferior consolation to -supply this loss. No, I most willingly forsake this world, this vexatious trou- blesome world, in xii^hich I have no other business bxtt to rid my soul from sin ; secure by faith and a good conscience my eternal interests ; with patience and courage bear my eminent HHsfortunes; and ever hereafter be above the smiles and frowns of it: and when I have done the remnant of the work appointed me on earth, then joyfully wait for the heavenly perfection in God's good time, when by bis infinite mercy I may be accounted worthy to enter into the same place of rest and rfejiose, where he is gone, for where only I grieve, I do fear." These remarks will be sufficient to give us an idea of the epistolary literature before the eighteenth century. There are still some distinguished letter-writers as Shenstone an^ Tillotson ; but the few we have examined, are characteristical enough for this first period. We now come to the eighteenth and the following century. CHAPTEE n. On the epistolary literature of modern age. The literary, religious and political life was during the eighteenth century in a great movement. Learned men as Pope, Addison, Steele, Swift wrote numerous essays in the perio- dical publications of the Spectator, Guardian and Tatler. Their essays produced not only an excellent effect upon the art of Writing but improved also the taste of the English. Keligion was eagerly attacked by that sect of philosophers, who are known in history under the name of English Deists, and who by debilitating those principles, on which our morals are founded, produced in England that wantonness of manners, by which the French have become famous. The whole society was divided into political factions and distracted by many internal quarrels. This improvement of taste, this universal movement* which electrified the whole nation, was favourable to epistolary literature. Letters came the more into use, the more a frequent com- munication of ideas was required. Friendship and love continued to be the principal subjets for fliem. But a considerable part of criticism was carried on by letters, and the great travels on the Cofltinent and in the East afforded very amusing and instructive matters for them. At the same time an innovation took place in the epistolary literature quite contrary to the original nature of letters. For till this time l«tters performed the private correspondance of families and friends ; but now matters of common interest were treated by letters before the puhlic. Thus political questions were examined by Swift and Junius, and even novels were composed in the epistolary style by EichardsOn. The letters written in this direction highly excel in elegance and force of diction. In general we shall observe, that from the beginning of the eighteenth century the prose style was more cultivated. The authors were successful in imitating the polished style of the French and gave their diction a conciseness and elegance of expression by which they assured to their works the admiration of the people. We need only to cite the works of Hume, Eobertson, Gibbon, Johnson and Goldsmith to prove the high degree of perfection, which had been imparted fo the language by these celebrated authors. The epistolary literature of this period is so excellent, that the greatest: part of those letters, which have been published, have lost nothing of their former reputatioin; it is at the same time so rich, that it will be necessary to leave the chronological order of letter-writers and to classify them after the subjects they have treated. We can divide the letter-writers of this period into three different classes. The first class would contain those authors, whose letters form a friendly and scientific intercourse. In this particular we have to consider the letters of Addison, Pope, Swift, Sterne, Bolingbroke, Kichardson and Chesterfield. -. — The second place is to be attributed to those writers, who give in their letters descriptions of nations and countries. Here we have to mention the names of Gilbert White, Gray and Lady Montague. ■ — - The third class comprises the letters of those men, who examined political affairs in them. Letter-writers of this kind are Walpole, Junius, Swift and Burke„ -r- On the frontier, which severs the epistolary literature of modern times from the prece- ding period, we find the Earl of Shaftesbury. To him we are indebted for a collection of familiar letters, in which subjects of religious, moral and literary interest are treated. The rich store of knowledge, which the author had collected by his studies of ancient and modern literature and on the travels, which he had made in France and Italy, are here laid down in a flourishing and eloquent style. At the same tirlie they prove him to be a deSpiser of materialism, but a warm adherent to the protestant church and a great admirer pf the philosophy of Plato. — The letters of Addison, Pope, Swift and Sterne are remarkable both for form and matter. These authors have exercised a great influence on the taste of their age by the works they have published. They must all be counted as the greatest writers of this period, and Pope was no doubt its greatest poet. His letters will principally fix our attention. He had a lively correspondance with Sterne and Steele and kept besides an epistolary" intercourse with the most celebrated men of his country. In their letters matters of great importance are treated; they usually speak of the literary occupations of these learned men and give partly criticisms of their works, partly philosophical reflections on human life, religion, public and private affairs. Pope, as in all his other writings, also in his letters was not content to satisfy, he desired to excel and therefore, endeavoured to do . his best. He examined lives and words with minute and punctilious observation and retouched every part, still he had left nothing to be forgiven. Therefore his style is always. smooth but uniform, learned but clear and precise, though enriched by many metaphors and images. In his letters every thing is art. Every observation on learning, literature and the familiar interests of life is truly and profoundly studied. There is perhaps no other English letter-writer, who so much enriches our mind by just reflections and good ideas as Pope. In this particular, he surpasses all his literary friends. We can only afford room for a single quotation of a letter, which contains remarks on his „Essay on Criticism." , „Our friend the Abb^ is not of that sort, wbo with the utmost candour and freedom has modestly told me, what others thought, and shewn himself one, (as he very well ex- pressed) rather of a number than a party. The only difference between us in relation to the monks is, that he thinks most sorts of learning flourished among them, and ,lI am of opinion, that only some sort of learning was barely kept alive by them; he believes that — 9 — in the most natural and obvious sense, that line — a second deluge learning overrun — will be understood of learning in general ; and I fancy 'twill be understoood only (as 'tis meant) of polite learning, criticism, poetry etc. which is the only learning concerned in the subject of the Essay. It is true, that the monks did preserve what learning there was about Ni- cholas the fifth's time; but those who succeeded, fell into the depth of barbarism or at least stood at a stay, while others arose form thence, insomuch, that even Erasmus and Eeuchlin could hardly laugh them out of it." — Swift has left a great number of letters. Besides his correspondance with his friends and the Drapier's Letters, which will be examined afterwards in this treatise, there still exists from him a collection of letters, which are known in the English literature under the name of „ Journal to Stella." Swift describes here in a series of letters all he had seen and experienced during his residence in England. — - Sterne owes his literary reputation to a small number of letters, which are entitled ^Letters from Yorick to Eliza," and which are admired in every country. They are addressed to Miss Draper, a lady born and married in India. She was sent by her husband to Eng- land, in order to strengthen her health and here made the acquaintance of Sterne, who paid her a tender but somewhat excentric attention. For this acquainance soon grew into mutual affection and platonic love. The enthusiastical feelings of Sterne are described in these letters in the sweetest expressions. Inimitable ease and colloquial freedom give them a peculiar charm. — Bolingbroke's letters are the fruits of intense labour and long studies, which he had made in history. He was secretary of state in the reign of king George I. and lost this place by his passionate attachment to the Tories. As writer he has got some repu- tation; for though his poetical treatises have no more the same interest, which they enjoyed at the time of their appearance, his letters have preserved their original renown. They excel by richness of ideas and conciseness and clearness of diction. In the collection of his works the following letters are found: Letters on the study and use of history. Letters on history, Letters to Sir William Windham. We quote here a passage of one of his letters: „Julius Africanus, Eusebius and George, the monk, opened the principal sources of all this science ; but they corrupted the waters. Their point of view was to make profane history and chronology agree with sacred, though the latter chronology is very far from being esta- blished with the clearness and certainty necessary to make it a rule. For this purpose the ancient monuments, that these writers conveyed to posterity, were digested by them according to the system they 'were to maintain, and none of these monuments were delivered down in their original form and genuine purity. The Dynasties of Manetho, for instance, are broken to pieces by Eusebius; and such fragments of them, as suited his design, are struck into his work. We have , we know, no more of them. The Codex Alexandrinus we owe to George, the monk. We have no other authority for it, and we cannot see without amazement such a man as Sir John Marsham undervaluing this authority in one page and building his sy- stem upon it in the next." — We come now to the letters of two men in whose writings the influence of French 2 — 10 — taste is observable. This innovation may be characterized by a few words. The authors of this period abandoned the irregularity and energetical uncouthness of the language, which they had inherited from their parents and wrote in exact, delicate and polished expressions. Also the state of manners was changed in England. The custom was to strive less for real virtues than to affect a tinge of morality. Therefore the manners were more artificial and refined, but less natural and less moral than before. This alteration of language and manners is visible in the celebrated letters of Richardson and Chesterfield. Richardson was the son of a joiner. His father not having the means to give him a learned education, apprenticed him to a printer. Here he had an opportunity of reading and studying many books. He soon evinced a great skillfulness in writing letters. A book- seller, who discovered his talents in this direction, engaged him to write a collection of fa- miliar letters. Richardson embraced this proposal and published in the year 1740 a book of letters entitled „Pamela" in which moral and sentimental reflections and stories are connected and arranged in such a manner as to form a complete novel. No sooner had this book been published, than it attracted the attention of the people; but it also found a great many detracters, who attacked it very eagerly. Nevertheless Richardson succeeded so much with these letters , that he wrote two other novels in the same style and taste , which have been published under the titles of „History of Miss Clarissa Harlowe" and „History of Sir Charles Grandison." By these works a new kind of novel was introduced into the English literature ; for till now there existed in England neither novels in letters nor family-novels in general. They had also a good effect and bear a moral character, if we except those passages, in which vice is somewhat too freely denudated. Still they are off'ensive by a certain prolixity of matter and affectation of sensibility. Notwithstanding these faults we must ad- mire the author's skillfulness in inventing situations and describing characters. Lord Chesterfield's letters have perhaps a greater reputation than the letters of any other man known in history. He is, as Schlosser, ') says one of those authors, who without displaying great virtues in their works, have become renowned and found innumerable imita- tors in Germauy and France. We shall find the reasons of it partly in the conformity of his own principles and ideas with those, which reigned at this time in every enlightened country, partly in his dexterity of writing. Indeed only to these two exterior reasons we m.ust attribute the good reception, which his letters of advice to his son have found in every country. For his maxims, though apparently advantageous are really false. Chesterfield pro- ves, that polite manners and exterior dexterity are more essential to a man of quality than real virtues. These doctrines were explained in a flourishing, we may call it even, a luxu- rious style and defended with all those rich and exact observations, which Chesterfield de- rived from an intimate knowledge of human character. — The second class of English letter-writers comprises thpse authors who have left in their letters descriptive sketches of people and countries. They deserve our attention the more, since not only the Continent , but also the East and a great part of Asia are described. As it is the custom of almost every well-bred Englishman to travel on the Continent and in our days ') Sclilosser, Geschichtc des XYIII. und XIX. Jahrhunderts. — li- the East and South are more visited by Englismen than by travellers of other nations, we could here cite many authors, vv^ho laid down in their letters interesting remarks on these countries. But we shall here only deal with "White, Gray and Lady Montague. — Gilbert White published a collection of letters, written to his friends Pennant and Barrington, which contain lively descriptions of his parish Sclborne and Hampshire, and which betray the author's genius in depainting landscapes. The elegance and simplicity of diction have rendered this book popular in England. — Gray's letters have got a greater reputation than those of "White, we may say even, that besides the letters of Chesterfield, theyare the most celebrated in England A great many of them exhibit descriptions and remarks of all the author had seen on a journey to Italy, and are written partly in a picturesque, partly in a simple language. Lady Montague's letters are very interesting. By her learning as well as by her great travels she was enabled to relate instructive and amusing stories in them. Her parents gave her a good education, which she completed by frequent intercourse with the most cele- brated learned men of that time, with Addison, Steele, Pope and Young. She also made long journeys in Holland, France, Germany and Turkey, of which her letters furnish very remar- kable sketches. They are not only descriptions of countries given in easy , fluent and elegant style, but add also many just observations on the manners of the nations. She described, what she saw and heard, clearly and truly, and mingled with the subject so much of her own ideas, as good understanding and rich experience could afford. Her strong mind over- powered her rich experience, and her lively imagination served merely to make her witty and sei-ious observations more, striking and effective. Sometimes she forgets in her natural ingenuousness the rules of decency , which by convention are laid upon her sex , and many remarks will accuse her of want of feminine softness and delicacy. Yet notwithstanding this fault we cannot place ber below any letter- writer , that England has produced. The following part of a letter may prove the above-mentioned qualities of style and matter: „This little digression has interrupted my telling you, we passed over the field of Car- lowitz, where the last great victory was obtained by Prince Eugene over the Turks. The marks of that glorious bloody day are yet recent, the field being yet strewed with the skulls and carcasses of unburied men, horses and camels. I could not look, without horror, on such numbers of mangled human bodies, nor without reflecting on the injustice of war, that makes murder not only necessary, but meritorious. Nothing seems to be a plainer proof of the irrationality of mankind — whatever fine claims we pretiend to reason — than the rage with which they contest for a small spot of ground, when such vast parts of fruitful earth lie quite uninhabited." — Till now we have studied a great many of English letter-writers in their qualities as friends and travellers. In this part of our inquiry it will be our endeavour to regard some few authors in their qualities as statesmen and letter-writers on public affairs. The public mind of this period was in a state of great excitement, produced partly by the abuses of the government, partly by many exterior wars, which the English had to make on the Con- tinent, in America and against the French republic. Distinguished men as Swift, Junius, Walpole and Burke tried to explain in their letters the complaints of the people and the dangers, by which the whole state was threatened. Their ideas will clear up our information 2* — 12 — of this troublesome time. This principally may be said with regard to Lord Burke. Concer- ning the other writers we may allow, that they were instructed in the real situation of affairs, but suspect, that sometimes truth has been sacrificed to the effect they wished to produce. We have reasons to doubt, whether "VValpole in those passages, where he tries to defend his father's conduct, and Swift and Junius in their letters, which were addressed to the whole nation, have not exaggerated the encroachments of the government and the suiierings of the people. Yet notwithstanding this, their basis is true, and their ideas are so excellent, that both in England and in other countries they have preserved an undiminished re- putation. We enter therefore a severer examination of these letters and begin with those of Swift. — A collection of his letters bear the title „The Drapier's Letters." We shall but imper- fectly understand them, if we do not refer to the political affairs of Ireland in the eighteenth century. Since Cromwell this unhappy country had suffered very much by the pressure of the English government. Nowhere in the world the difference of religion created such hatred between two countries as between Ireland and England. This aversion still increased in Ireland by those violent measures , which the English employed to oppress this people. Here many noble families had been deprived of their possessions during the civil wars; their estates came into the hands of Englishmen, who were odious in Ireland for their political and re- ligious differences. Even the renowned cloth-manufacturies of Ireland, which made up the most important part of the income of its inhabitants, were not free from the encroachments of the Enghsh government, which by checking Irish commerce intended to enhance the value of English manufacturies. Those illegal measures were eagerly attacked by Swift in a libel which insured him at first the popularity of his countrymen. How great it was, soon appea- red in the year 1729. Al this time a want of copper-coin in Ireland was grievously felt. To redress this complaint, the English government authorised a certain Wood, merchant of AVolverhampton, to make a great many of copper-coins for Ireland These new coins beino- however of bad metal. Swift published under the fictitious name of Drapier a series of letters, in which he evinced, that it would be very disadvantageous, nay even foolish to accept such coins. A universal fermentation followed the first publication of these letters and these new coins were refused everywhere. The Irish parliament also designated him a betrayer of his country, who only tried to give them currency. The British government ho- wever soon issued another manifest in favour of these coins and sharply censured that de- claration of the Irish parliament. But the public mind was so much prejudiced ao'ainst the introduction of these coins, that in the following year the English were oblio-ed to take them back. — The language, in which these letters are written, is clear and energetical; now and then there are even passages of great eloquence, as the following quotation will prove: „Were not the people of Ireland born as free as those of England? How have they forfeited their freedom? Is not their parliament as fair a ' representative of the people as that of England, and has not their privy-council as great or a greater share in the admi- nistration of the public affairs? Are they not subjects of the same king? Does not the same sun shine upon them, and have they not the same God for their protector? Am I a free- man in England and do I become a slave in six hours by crossing the channel?" - 13 — Horace Walpole's letters') are the best of all the works of this author. They are composed in that refined and conceited tone, which pervaded at that time among the upper classes of society; This manner of writing is less offensive in lettets than in other works. His style is well studied and clear, though many ideas may accuse the author of wantonness and inconsequence. But even these faults give but little harm in letters. As for the matter they are very instructive. We may regard them as a Diary, in which every subject of con- sequence of the last twenty years of king George's II. government, and all those quarrels in the English parliament are treated, and in consequence of which his father, Sir Robert Walpole, the minister, retirfed from his public office. — Junius' letters will fix our attention in a still higher degree. In consequence of many violent debates in the English parliament at the time of king George III. there appeared in the Public Advertiser a series of letters written by a man, who was perfectly acquainted with the affairs of the court and the ministers of the king , and who knew exactly all the public and private laws of England. In these letters he clearly showed , that the English people had lost a great many of their ancient liberties, whereas the English nobility had slyly augmented their privileges. At the same time he hardily unveils the politics of the government and attacks them in the most violent expressions. By energy and conciseness of diction these letters have" found the same admiration as the speeches of Demosthenes and Cicero and the letters of Lessing and Rousseau. As they are found and read everywhere, we may omit them without giving here a quotation. — In the examination of the most remarkable English letter-writers we come now to one of the greatest English orators of the last century, Edmund Burke. — All his writings, his philosophical as. well as his political, display the author's gift of eloquence, which be had cultivated by studying and imitating the classic models of antiquity. He soon found a sub- ject worthy of his talents. The revolution of 1789 broke out. Monstrous evils and bloody wars followed in its course. Divine and human rights were violated with the same insolence. Burke, a warm adherent to the Christian church and a veritable patriot, seeing the dangers, which threatened his country, began to plead the cause of English liberty and that of oppressed mankind. He attacked the French revolution in those memorable speeches, which he kept in parliament; he explained its dreadful consequences in political treatises upon French affairs and principally in a series of letters which he wrote to his friends, and which have founded his literary reputation. We may quote one of those excellent passages, with which these letters abound: „If a war made to prevent the union of two crowns upon one head was a just war, this, which is made to prevent the tearing all crowns from all heads, which ought to wear them, and with the crowns to smite off the sacred heads themselves, this is a just war. — „If a war to prevent Louis the XIV. from imposing his religion was just, a war to prevent the murderers of Louis the XVI. from imposing their irreligion upon us, is just ; a war to prevent the operation of. a system, which makes life without dignity and death with- out hope, is a just war. — ') Letters of Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Man, British envoy at the court of Tuscany, edited by Lord Dover, London 1833. Conf. Macaulay, Essays H. p. 194. — 14 - „If to preserve political independence and civil freedom to nations, was a just ground of war; a war to preserve national independence, property, liberty, life and honour from cer- tain, universal havock, is a war just, necessary, manly, pious ; and we are bound to persevere in it by every principle divine and human, as long as the system, which menaces them all, and all equally, has an existence in the world. — „You, who have looked at this matter with as fair and impartial an eye, as can be united with a feeling heart , you will not think it an hardy assertion , when I affirm , that it were far better to be conquered by any other nation, than to have this faction for a neighbour. Before I felt myself authorised to say this, I considered the state of all the countries in Europe for these last three hundred years, which have been obliged to submit to a foreign law. In most of those I found the condition of the annexed countries even better, certainly not worse, than the lot of those which were the patrimony of the conqueror. They wanted some blessings — but they were free from many very great evils. They were rich and tran- quil. Such was Artois, Flanders, Lorrain, Alsatia, under the old government of France. Such was Silesia under the king of Prussia. They who are to live in the vicinity of this new fabric are to prepare to live in perpetual conspiracies and seditions ; and to end at last, in being conquered, if not to her dominion, to her resemblance. But when we talk of con- quest by other nations, it is only to put a case. This is the only power in Europe by which it is possible we should be conquered. To live under the continual dread of such immeasurable evils is itself a grievous calamity. To live without the dread of them is to turn the danger into the disaster. The influence of such a France is equal to a war; its example, more wasting than an hostile irruption. The hostility with any other power is se- parable and accidental ; this power, by the very condition of its existence, by its very essen- tial constitution, is in a state of hostility with us and with all civilized people." liBcr bic ^IcaCMufc I. ©rbnung sit Jiorn fiir bas ©rfiufja^r 1859—60. A. Sel^i^tJerfaffuttg. *) !Dtc aWttgtteber beS 8e^rer=goHegium6 toaren: ®er {Director Dr. ©d^eften; bie Oberfel^rer Dr. Oart^e, Dr. SBetjben, SBe^Ianb, £)'33rten,- ber fot^oltfi^e gfJetigionSte^rer ©robbels, bie eoangetifc^en 9ieltgion8fef|rer ^aftor Stager unb ^aftor 33arte(^eimj bic orbeiitti^en ge^rer 33fumeiing, Dber(e^rer SBotff, Grande, Dr. SBetngartner, SJrunder, ©uaf; ber ^eidjznkijvet Dtagef; bie »tffenfc^aftn(|«n ^iitfste^rer Dr. 93Iinb unb§edrat^ (au^erbem im 1. Quartar Dr. SfrebS); ber ©efangte^rer ©erbrai^t unb ber ^robe»Sanbibot IJrenf. © e f t a. gotus A. OrbinariuS: Dr. iBtinb. Sbtu« B. „ : S)raf. 1. SRcIigionSlcl^re. a. S'at^otift^e. 3 @t. S6tu« a. unb b. combinirt. ®ie Se^re oon ber @nobe, ben ^. ©acramenten unb bent Oebcte, na(^ bem 5Di6cefan=^ate(f)i8mu8; biblifc^e ®efd^icf)te be8 Stiten Seft. nacfi ©c^umac^er. 9?etigionSte^rer ©robbels. b. goangertfc^e. 2 @t. SotuS a. unb b. combinirt. ®ie bibtifc^e ®t\i)id)te bee ^Hten Seft. nac^ 3a^n. StuSwenbiglernen ber fiinf ^aujJtftiide. @<)ritc^e nub Sirc^cnlieber. ^aftor 33artell^eim. 2. 2>cutfc^. 4 ®t. ®ic 9?ebet^eile unb bie fic^re t)om einfai^en ©alje. Uebungen im Sefen, ©eclamiren unb befonbere im 9?e(i)tfcl)reiben, ferner im SfJadiersa^ren ge(e[ener ©tiitfe. 3" ®vunbe tagen bk ©ratftmatif unb baS 8e[ebu(^ t)on SRa^mann. Sltle 14 Soge eine fd)riftti(i^e 3trbeit, bie Dom Se^rer oerbeffert unb in ber Piaffe be[prod)en wurbe. Qn gotuS a. ^edrat^. „ „ b. S)raf. 3. Satctn. 6 ®t. S)ie rege(moBige 0ormenfe^re bis jur jweiten Sonjugation m(S) ©iberti'g ©rammatif. ©niibung berfelben an ben betreffcnben ©tiiden an& bem UebungSbucfie fiir ©eyta *) 3n bem iRoi^ftefienben ift bk Se'^rBcvfaffung ongegeben, rote fte uotn 1. 3onuar b, 3t. on ausgefiil^rt roorbcu ifl. — 16 — »on ©piei. 23on Oftern ab ade 8 Sage eine ft^riftlii^e Ueberfefeiwg, bte bom Server sevbeffert hjurbe. 3'tt gotuS a. Dr. Stittb. „ „ b. Qandi. 4. gransoftft^. 6 ©t. 8e[cu6u«gen, 5Wemortrett Don 3Soca6eIn unb Uefiungett tm 3ted)tfc^reibe«. 1)k rcgelmapge ^ormett(eI)re em[^(. bie 4 regetmaBtgen Soniugottojten 6tS sum 5. 3lbfc^ttitte ejd. be8 erfteit gurfug ber fraitjofifdien ©praise Bott ^lo^. Sagtti^ ettt f i^rift(icf)eS J?fa[fenpenfum ; alle 14 Sage eine fif)riftad)e 3trbeit jur Sorrectur. Sit S6tu8 a. Dr. SB t tub. „ „ ,b. ^edratl^. 5. ®cogrft^)I)tc. 2 @t. ©ie nottjwettbtgften 93or6egrtffe ou« bet mat^ematif(f)eit uub |}§ij[tfd)en ©eograp^ie; bte filnf grbt^etle mtt t^vett Oebtrga^ mib gfuB'Sljftemcti , bte §am3t=3)Jeere mit i^rett einselneit X^dkn. Stttfattge beS tortensei^neuS. Settfaben oon SSoigt. dn ©6tu§ a. mtb b. ©raf. 6. Stet^ncn. 5 St. ©ie ©rmtbrec^nutigen mtt ganjen unbenanntett mtb benaixitten 3"^^^"- ®ie a?ru(^red)nuiig. JRcget be Sri in ganjen 3al)(en unb Sriic£)en, burc^ fcf)rift(ii^e8 unb ^oJ)frec^nen eingeitbt an Slufgaben au8 ©c^eHen'S 9{ect)enbuc^. Sn Sotu^ a. unb b. !Draf. 7. (ai^tcikn. 3 @t. Stuffaffen uub ^Ratiibitben ber 33uii)ftaben ber beutft^en uub engtifrfieu ©cJirift unb Uebungeu in ber SSerbinbuirg berfelben natf) ber garftair'fc^en 5!)fetf|obe. Sn 6otu« a. aSrituder. „ „ b. S5raf. 8. ^t\i)ntn. 2 @t. grflarung unb Uebung ber etufaiiiften ©runbbeftaubtfieite ber gormen ber ginien, Siufel uub ^igureu. @eoraetrtfcf)e§ ^ti^mn einfai^er ©egenftanbe nac^ 3Sorjei(f)uuugett beS V«!)rerS an ber ©cfiuttafeL ©as 3tugenraa§. SDfeffnug geraber giuien uub gfaiiien nai^ bem ^Jlugeuma^. dn SotuS a. uitb b. 9lage(. 9. ®efang. l @t. (grfentuug ber mufifafiftfien ^iid)tn, SfJoten, Sacte, ^aufcu u. f. W; Uebungeu im Sreffeu ber Siine; jttieiftimmige Sieber oou 5Rageti. Sn SotuS a. unb b. 2)Jufif(ef)rer ®erbro(^t. D u t n t a. SotuS A. DrbtuariuS: Sriincfer. Sotug B. „ : astilmenng. 1. SJcUgtonSlt^rc a. Satl^olift^e. 3 eiterte @a^. Drtogrop^tfdie Uebungeu an ©ictaten. ©eclamatiou memorirter ®ebi(f)te unb ^ro[aftiicfe. 2II(e 14 Sage eine fc^riftHc^e SIrbeit jur Sorrectur. ^n ©runbe (ag 9ta§mann'g Sefebuc^ unb ©rammatil. •3n Sotug a. SSriinder. „ „ b. aBtitmettng. 3. Snteilt. 5 ©t. ©ie gormcnte^re; bie regefma^igeti ©edinatiouen unb Sonjugationen. — 17 — 9Be^entIi(^ Stoet ftJ^riftti^e Strbetten, oh8 bem llet)ung8bu(f)e oon @|)ie§ mib atte 14 2;agc eine fc^nftUi^e Slrbeit juv Sorrectur. -^n (SotuS a. OterigionSle^rer ©roljbets. - „ „ b. SStitmcHng. 4. I^rftnjijfifi!^. 6 @t. Sltber^orung ber g^ormentel^re mtt bcfonberer Serudficlitigung ber aSifbung ber (Stamm^ imb abgetettetcn g^ormen ber regelmci^tgen 3eith3i3rter. S)te unregetmci^tgen 3eitworter bis jum brtttcit 2lb[d[)intt bes, 8e^rbu(i)eS ber fraitjofifcfien @|3rac^e bon ^16^' II. gurf. Sectiire mtb tagtid) ctti? fc|rifl(tc^e Ueberfefeung md) bemfefben Seljrbuc^e, Drt^ograp^ifd)e Uebmtgeit md) ©tctatcn. iWcmoriren Don getefencn gabetn mtb, erja^ruiigctt. me 14 STage eine f(^riftlic|e aCrbeit jur Eorrectuv. 3n etus a. ^eifrat^. „ „ b. Dbert. D'SSrien. 5. aSeltgcf^tc^tc. 2 ©t. @agengef(i|td^te unb biograpfiifrfie 2)?itt{)eilungen ou« ber ag^ptifi)eit, perfif(^en, griediif^en unb romtfifien ®ef(|idE)te, nad) bem ^anbbu^e uon Setter. ' Sn SotuS a. ©raf. „ „ b. asriimeting. 6. ©eoflrnp^ic. 2 k ba^tn gefiorigen eype= rimente tturben anSgefii^rt unb bie ©d^itter in ft6(^iometri[(^en 9?e^nungen cielfac^ geiibt. ■ ■ ■ ;■ ■ ' ■ Obert. Dr. ®art^e. 10. Mmtgt\(l)i^tt. 2 6t. SKineratogte nad^ tobefCS &:§rbuc^, toobei bie «rt)ftatIograp^ie burrf) eine 9?ei^e inftrflctioer 50?obette erortert ujib ber ©cbraucf) be^ Sbt^to^rS praftifrf) gejeigt n)urbc. 35te auSgejctd^nete 2)?ineratiett==iSattimfung ber Stnftatt unterftii^te ben SSortrag. . "£)bert. Dr. Oartfie. 11, ■ 9Jtflt!^cntflttt 4. ©t; k. f taniwetrie itnb'S^ttgbttometrie 2 @t. ©ie SScretfinung beS ^reifeS' unb bie ebene Srigonometrie unter Slnfc^tuB bieter nitmerifc^er 58eredjnungen jur giniibung ber gdgartt^men. , • b. Wigebra. 2 ©t. ©ie 8e§re t)on ben JPotenjeii, SBurjefn unb Sogarit^men. S)ie ®(ei= djuitgen 1. ®vabe8 mit me^rern Uubefonnten , lO|»rben wipber^ott; barqijf bie ®(ei(^nngcn 2. ®rabe§ mit einer Unbefapnten. $ei«' Slufgabenfammlnng. Dberf. SBe^tanb. .. 12. gjcc^nen. 1 ©t . SBieberloIung. ber «proccntre(^nungen, bann bie-2)Ji|(^ung8=, 50Jtoj= unb 2Bec^fet=:9Ject)nu7igen- 5«tt(J) tfeinpaut. Obert. aSSeljtanb. 13. Beid)lt£n. 2 @t. am erften ©emefter .perfpectioifcfieg ^etifinen in bto^en Umriffen itad) iBorjeic^nungen' he§ fte^rerg an ber ©diuttafet, ujomit bie 8efire uou "i^t unb ©(flatten unb toon ber — 22 — Sinear= unb @(^a.ttenpccf|)ccttt)e in ctnem burd^ baS Scbilrfttt^ bcr Staff c ficbtngten Umfange Dcr&uit:' ben wurbe. Qm jweiten ©etncfter wurbe nari^ ®^^8=5Wobeactt uttb tiad^ SBortageu (©tubienfopfen, ?attbfd)aften, Ornamenten) oon 9trt ©chafer, gongtnet, ^au( ©etaroi^e, Safame, §u6n1, ©diinfef u. 91. gcarbeitet. SijctgcL 14. ©cfang. 2 @t. @. Cluarta. aJJufifterjrer ©crbradit ^rima. Orbtnoriit§: Dbcrtetjrer Dr. ©artl^e. 1. 5)teli(jicn§lc!^re. 2. @t. combinirt mit (Secunba. 2. !J)eutft^. 3 (3t. Uebcrfid^t ber !i*tteraturgef(f)tcl)tc mit genauevm einge^en in bie ffoffifc^en (Stfiriften ber Te^ten ^eriobe. 3ur begteitenben Sectiire bicnte 58 one' 8 gefebucE) II. S;^eit. !©a& SBtdjtigfte an0 ber @tl)t=8et)re, «Poetif unb SOJetrif. (Sontrofe ber ^ribatrectiire. Stlte 4 2Bo(^en cine frete Slrbett jur gorrectur, mit genau etitge^enber iBefpre^ung ber ©tgpofition unb ber fritifdien Sorrecturbemerfungen. Obert. D'SSrien. 3. Mm. 3 @t. (S^ntaj, namentftcl bie 8ef|re tiom ®ebrau(^ ber Tempora unb Modi, nac^ ©ibertt. (ginitbung berfetben an ©tiiden au8 bem Uebung8bu(i)e Oon ©jjie^ fiir ®t)mnafia[= Sertia. gectitre: Caesar E.G. lib. IV— V 36. Ovid. Met. II. 438—571; VI, 1—100; cerbmtben mit ber grtauterung unb (gtnitbung ber ^auptregetn ber 'JfJrofobie unb ber Setjre Dom $efa= meter. Sttte 3 Socmen eine f^rifttic^e Ueberfe^ung jur gorrectur. iBon aBei^noditeu bis Dftern Dr. aSeingartner. ©pater 3'an(fe. 4. jjronjbflfd). 4 ©t. SGieber^ofung ber ©Qntay. ©^uonl>men unb S^bioti^mcn. ©elefen tturbe: ©uijot, Histoire de Charles I. depuis son av^nement jusqu' k sa mort, unb 9?acine, Athalie. Singer franjofifdjen ©ictatcn unb freien 9tuffa|en wurben abmeii^fetnb bie oorjiigiidiftett 9Ji"ono(oge ber ©(^itler'fif)en !Dramen fc^rift(id) iiberfe^t. (ES raurbe mat)rcnb bc5 Unterri(|t8 nur granjofifc^ gefprocfien. Sttle brei 2Boc£)en entweber ein freier 9luffat ober eine Ueberfefeung jur (Sorrectur. Obert. Dr. SB e^ ben. 5. ©ttglifi^. 3 @t. SBieber^ofung unb weitere ginitbung ber ©^ntaj na^ SBa^tert in eng= tifc^er ©pracfie. (5urforifc{)e Secture einiger ©tiide. au§ ben Sketch-Book oon SBaf^. -Sroing. ©tatartfcf)e lecture be§ King John oon ©^afeSpeare, interpretirt in engtifcf)er ©praise. SfJiiinb^ (i(f)e unb fc^riftlidje Ueberfe^ung ber brei erften Stcte oon 8effing'8 3Wina oon 58arnf|e£m. Me 3 2Boii)en entojeber ein freier 3luffa^ ober eine Ueberfe^ung jur Sorrectur. -San-de. 6. SBeltgeft^tditC. 2 ©t. S)ie branbenburgif^=preu^ifcf|e ®efc^id)te unb bie ®efd)ic^te gran!^ reid)8 unb Sngtanbs. 58tttmeUng. 7. ©eogra^Jl^ie. 1 ©t. ©ie mat()ematifd)e ©eograpi^ie nebft Siebetf^ofung ber poUtifc^en ©eograp^te, inSbefonbere Sentfc^IanbS. 'ipul' Se^rbud) ber oergt. ®eogr. Dber(. SBe^tanb. 8. ^P^^ftf. 2 ©t. ©ie @rfd)einnngen beS 3)iagneti«mu«, ber ©teftricitctt , beg ©atoanismu^, ber aSarme unb beS 8ic^te§, ertautert burd) ba^tn geljorige gjperimente unb §lufgaben nod) bem 8e^r^ budie oon 5. 9)1 nil er. Dbert. Dr. ©art^e. 9. SI)emtc. 4 ©t. 5ftad) 2B outer's Se^rbuc^. ©er 3Sortrag wurbe aflfettig buri^ (g;cperi= raente unb ftoc^iometrifc^e 9ied)nungen unterftii^t. Dbert. Dr. ®art^c. 10. ^inturgefdjiiltc. 1 ©t. ©eognofte nadi 'jpftanj' 8e^rbud)e unter SSenu^uug ber geognofti= ld)en ©ammlung unb ber ben Untervid)t erfauternben Sarten. Dbert. Dr. ©art^e. — 23 — 11. SJlat^cmntil. 4©t. a. ©tcreometrte, anal^tifdjc unb 6cfc^retbcn&e;®cometrie. ©ie (St ev come trie mi) bcm geitfaben oott gift^^i^- ©tc (glcmeutc ber aual^.tlf(f)en ©eometrie, bie ©(eic^ungen ber geraben ginie, bes treifes unb ber Segetfdjnitte. 9tu8 ber bef (f)rctbenbcn ©eometrtc: ginfettung, ©orftetlung beS ^un!teS unb ber gevaben Sinie unter aWeu nii3glid)cn 8agen gcgen bie ^roiectionS^Sbenen. — 3teei ©erabe: S)ie ^rojiectioncn jweier ^aroUefcr unb jtoeier fi^ ftfineibenber ©eroberi, S)arftet(ung bcS SfbftanbeS unb beS !Durd)fc^mttSWinM«. — ©ie dbtne: ©arftetlmig i!|rer ©puren unb tfirer 9fcigung«h)in!eL — ©ie (gbene, ber ^unft unb bie ©erabc: 5)ie ©crabe liegt in ber gbene, bie ©erabe ift ^saratlel jur (gbene, fd)neibet fie, fte^t fcnfre^t ju i^r. S^e^JCtitionen be8 ganjen ©ebieteg ber ^lanttftetrie' unb ber Strigonontetrie wei^jelten mit au8fit^rlirf)en trigontctif(J)en ^ed)nungen. b. Stigebra. ©leit^ungen 2. ©rabeS mit jwei Unbefannten , bie gtgenfc^aften ber SBurjefit ber ®Iei(J)ungen , bie bio)3^antifc£)en ®tet(|im^en. 2lrit]^metifd)C unb geometrifdie ^rogreffionen nebft 3(nroenbung auf bie 3infe«=3™f"^ ""^ 3tenten=§Re(i)nuHg. — !j)ic ^ermutationen, gombinationen, 9}aria= tionen, @igenfcf)aften ber iBinomiat=@oefficienten unb ber a3inomifc£)e Sefirfa^ fiir ganje, gebrod)ene, pofititie unb negatioe ©j^jonenten. — ©ie Settenbriic^e unb i^re Slntoenbung. ©er ©irector. 12. atcdinen. 1 @t. ®ie oerfi^iebenen 9lrten ber SBe(^fef=9?ec^nungen'; baS SBic^tigfte ou8 ber Se^re ber Slctien unb ber @taatspa|)iere. !Der ©t rector. 13. 3ctc^nen. 2®t. 8inearjeid)nen (Sonftruction in bergbene) md^ SBeiSl^oupt. S[)fafcf)inen= Seid^nen nod) SSorfegeblattern ju ben 9}fafci)inen=Sonftructioneu t)on Sorffen. @ituationg5eid)nen mi) gel^mann. Slu^er bem te^uifdien ^eic^iten tourbe eon ben ©(^ittern, benen bag fpeciefle 3ei(^=^ nen fein SScbUrfniB wax, iaS ^eidinen nac^ fiinftterifd^ auSgefit^rten iBortagen fortgefe^t. 9fiagef. 14. ©efong. 2 ®t. @. Ouarto. SOJufifle^rer ®erbrarf)t. ScrJ^Htnutitcrric^t. 3m SBinter: 5 ©t. fiir bie Staffcn Cuarta=^rima. Qm ©ommer: 10 ®t. far die Staffen, wobei bie beiben SBtuS etner unb berfelben Sfaffe jebeSmal eine befonbere abt^^eilung bitbetcn, au^erbem bie ©ecuuba unb ^rima mit ber STertia com= binirt toaren. STurnte^rer Singer ft ein. Sl^emata ju ben beutfd^en, frcmji5fifd)en unb engfifdien 9luffa^en, toel^e in bem abgelaufenen @d)ut|a^rc oon ben @(i)ulern 'ber beiben obern ^;Iaffen beorbeitet toorben finb : 1. Jti Ptima. a. 3m ©eutf^en. 1) ®ie ^eiten anbern f{(^ unb mit i^nen bie 5Kenf(^en. — 2) a. '^avi= fanio^ ober bie Strafe beS aSaterfanb8=93errat^e8. — b. SRoScoe, gefi^ilbert mi) aBaf§. 3rDtng'g Sketch-book. — 3) a. S5er 3n^a(t beS aiibetungett^SiebeS. — b. ©te gfanjeuben ©eiteu an grie= berid) II., bem ^o^enftaufen. — 4) Senntniffe. finb ber befte ©c^afe. — 5) ®er ©turrn ber 8eiben= f^aften, oergti^en mit einem ©Inrme in ber 5Ratur.:— 6) ?^riebric| ber ©ro^e afs §elb unb ©taats- mann.— 7. Saffen roften, ^elben ftcrben; toaS in ben ©eift getegt ift, bfetbt ewig.'^' 8) Ueber bie begijitftigenben Umftaitbe fur bie geiftige Sitbuttg ber ©ried^cn. — 9) aserjartclte fhaben finb a(S 3Wanner ©ttabcn ober,: ©ie_a9ebeutung. ber /Surnfunft. — — 24 — 10)?lt« 3lbit«rte«ten=m-bctt: (guifi, i^r ©otter, gelprct ber SaMfmatm; ®Mer p fui|en ©el^t er, bot^ an fetn @if)iff fniipfet bag ®ute fi^on. (©(^tCcr). b. -Om f^ran5b[tf(I}en: 1) Par quelles causes la langue fran^aise a-t-elle obtenu tine certaine preponderance sur toutes les autrea langues de I'Europe? -— 2) Frcde^ric le Grand, restaurateur de I'dquilibre de I'Europe. — - 3) Les guerres de Charlemagne contre les Saxons. — 4) Le pape Gregoire VII. — 5) Quelle invention des temps modernes est dans s€s suites presque aussi important^ que celle de I'imprjmerie, et poxirquoi ? — 6) La bataille de Eoss- bach. — ■ 7) La Prusse en 1813. — 3llbtturtenten=3r6eif: Les causes et. les suites de la guerre de trente ans. Do[fetbe S;§ema tourbe fpciter al» J?(a.ffen=$enfum tnetter auSgefii^rt. — luperbem wurbett ehijetne ©cenen unb bte oorjiigttiJjfteH 5!)Jonotoge au§ ben 2:rauerf^3tefeit @d)tacr'6 , bie in 33Que'S $?efcfwc^e eut£)a[teii [tub, fc^rtft(icl) iikrfe^t. c. dm ©ugtifc^en: 1) What was remarkable in the laws of Lycurgus? — 2) The Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily (415 — 413) — 3) Legend concerning the building of Eome. — 4) The war with Jugurtha. — 5) The Constitution of Servius Tullius. — 6) Tell and Gessler. — 7) Damon and Pythias, the great example of mutual friendship. — 8) The different forms of government in Rome. II. 3n Sttmia. a. Qm 'Scutfiiien: 1) tjit foKft beinert Sater unb beine SCJutter djxen, aitf bag e« btr wot)( gefje unb bit range (ebeft aitf (grbcn. — 2) Ueber ben ©nflug, ben jtoedmaBtg unb gefd}macEDott eingertc^tete @c^ulgebaube auf bie ^-ugenb ^aben. — 3) ©er 3t(ferbau at« Slufaug atter guCtur. — 4) erganjung unb 33elebung geogrop^ifc^er ©tubten burd) gefcf)iii)tltc^e. — 5) (*« bttbet etn latent fief) in ber (Stitte, ©tc^ ein (Sf)ora£ter in bent ©trom ber Sett (®ot^e). — 6) Q§ ift fur ben 9Jfen= fdjen ttort^eiffiaft, ba§ er bte ^eit feineS 2;obeS ntc^f bother mi% (DiefeS J^ema ttar baS (e^te, lDeW)eg §err Dr. 2Beingartner cor feiuer grfranlung unb fetnein lura barauf fofgenben §ini"d)ei= ben ben ©ecunbanern jur Scarbcitung aufgob.) — 7) f ann aui^ etn ©chiller ju bem guten SRufe "ber 3tnffatt, bte er befuc^t, beitragen? — 8) gib's Sampf mtt ben 5Kauren. (Ueberfe^ung au8 ber Sragobie: „(£tb" con gorneitle. — 9) 9Jot^ te^rt beten. — 10) §tp|)otit'8 Sob, erjofifung au£* 9^acine'g: Phedre. b. 3nt granjofifi^en: 9tbtee(^i'elnb mit grogern Ueberfe^ungen au3 ^to^' ©rammatif 1) La ba;taille dans la for^t de Teutobourg. — 2) L'invention de I'imprimerie dans ses prin- cipales suites. — 3) Lea Plebeiens au mont sacre. — 4) Guillaume Tell. — 5) Neceasite est mere d'industrie. ®a« abgetaufene ©diulja^r begamt am 4. October o. d. mtt ber Sturndbung ber neu^ auf5u= ne^menben a§ Segat burd) bte 3i«f™ ^uf 1000 2:1) fr. erf)i3l)t. 9(ni @d^tuf[e btejes ©(^ulfj;a^re8 finb bte ^in'itn tin ®e[antmtbetrage t)on 48 X^t. in fei^S gteti^e Sl^etfe geti^ettt unb unter bte tiii^tigften unb brabften (Scpter ber Slaffen VI — I [ttftungegema^ Dert^eitt worben. IV. ^gnaj %t\^ tion SScItcr'jc^eS Segot iion 1000 X^x. 3'n fetnent 2;eftamente bon 18. -Sanuar 1843 berma^te ber in totn berftorbene Oientner ^igMj i5eltf Don 3BcIter ber l^ol^eren 23iirgerfii^u(e ein Segat con 1000 S;^fr. ntit ber aSeftimmung, bag bie 3Men bur(^ ben 3eitigen director ber ©(^ute unter 3"ftitnmung be8 aSitrgernteifterS ber ©tabt einem flei^igen unb gefitteten ©(filler ber 5tnfta(t gegeben inerben fotlen. 2tm ©(^tuffe beS abgetaufenen @t|utja^re8 ^at ein 2:ertianer bie ^wfen ber ©tiftung im Setrage bon 45 2;^tr. er^alten. ©efegnet fei ba€ 3tnbenfen biefer SJianner, toefd^e in biefen SBermaditniff en ein bteibenbeS SJentntat ^ingebenber 8iebc, froninter ©efinnung unb ebeler ®en= fungSart ben nat^fotgenben ©cnerationen jur 9U(i)a^mung §inter(af[en l^aben! iF«ri£n-l(nterrid|t. SBo^renb ber gerienjeit am ©c^tuffe be§ borigcn ©(^ufja^re^ wurben 4 SBoi^en ^inbur(f) an jebem 3BodE)entage bon 8—10 U^r in bent ©(^uttofat Unterrit^t ert^eitt, unb baburd) ben ©(fiittern l^iefiger ©tobt ©etegen^eit gegeben, auc§ ical^renb biefer 3eit tagtid) einige ©tunben ben Oegcnftanben bee ge»o^ntic|ett ©i^utunterri(^te8 jupwenben. SBegen ber [tarfen Set^eitigung an bemfetben wurben bie ©d^itter in bier 3lbt^ei(ungen gebracEit unb eS er^iett Unterrid)t S)ie ftaffe ©e?ta ( j^ |ra,t35fifc^en . . L tmMf^en. • • -2 . f^ jebe ttaffe 12 ©tb. bie'^affeOuinta I ]^ ^^'^^'^ ■• • ' " I tn ber ©eograjj^ie . im ?5ranjofifd)eu . . !Die ^toffe Cluarta ] in ber 50iatf)ematil . . 5 „ [ pfammen 12 ©tb. in ber ©eograjj^ie . — 32 — in ber 50Jot^emati! . . 5 „ [ ^ufammen 12 @tb. im @ngU[(J)en . . . 3 „ ) ©ev tlnterrtd)t wurbe ertfieift bon ben ^errcn D'^Brten, aSriintfer, Dr. Sltnb, (S^mt^ unb Dr. SrebS unb tourbe befuc^t Don 118 ©(f)iilern. Ueber ben h)a^renb ber betiorfte^enben ^^erieitjett abju'^altenben Unterrtc^t ift am ®d|tu[fe btefe§ 33ertd)teS bo« Stafieve ju erfe^en. ®urn- unir Sd)mtinm-ll«bung£n. 9Jad)bem fitv bte Seitung ber 2:urnubuttgen ber 5?uriitef)rer ^err SB. Stngerftein auS SSerlin gewonneit tear, fonnten unter beffen Seititng unb unter 9[)?tttDir£ung beS 8ef)rer8 ber 3In[ta(t, |)errtt Dr. 5BUnb, bic[e fett inef)rcrert 3'a^reit unterbrocfienett Uebungen im Stnfange be§ abgetaufeitctt ©d)ut= jafireg luteber aufgenommen werben. !©ie 23efii)ran£t^eit ber Xnxxi^aiit unb ber Uraftanb, ia^ bie[c(be im SBinter jngteic^ con ben betben ®l)mnafien benu^t mirb, geftattete eS im Sinter=@emefter ni(^t, ba^ bie ©ii)it(er atter flaffen fi(i) an ben Uebungen bet^eifigten. ■3m ©inter fonnten ba^er nur bie mtttferen unb oberen IJ^affen Woc^entticE) in 5 ©tunben turncn. -Sm ©ommer na^mcn bagegen in fefir regerSeife bie ©(filter aOer Maffen in 10 too[f)ent= Iicf)en ©tunben an ben Uebungen 5i:f)eiL S)ie ^a^l ber SEurner betrug im SBinter 288, im ©ommer 503. S(n iicn ©dfiwimmiibungen auf ben beiben f)iefigen ©(f)tt)imm = 2lnftatten na^men 137 rir inct.) 4. 3u ^fingften. a3on ©amstag bor bem i^efte (26. SOJai ind.) big 5D?ittibod) nai!^ bem g^efte (30. moii ind.) 5. S)ie ^erbftfcrien biefe« SafireS Werben fein: SSom 4. ©e^Jtember ind. big jum 8. Ddober inc(. 9Im 16. Sanuar b. -3. berlor bie 3(nftaft in bem©ejctaner ^eter ©ffer einen braben @cf)ijfer. ©erfetbe ftarb an einem ©cfifeimfieber. 2tm 25. Sanuor fanben filr ben SSerftorbenen fetteng ber ©(^ute bie Syequien in ber ^trd}e jum 'i). 9t(bon ©tatt. — 33 — 2t6ttnricnten=^riifuttg. S)ic fcfirjftticfieu Slrbeiten ber 5(biturienten fatiben am 27,, 28., 30. Ouni, om 2., 3. uub. 4. 3uti ©tatt. S)ie miinbUcle ^riifitng rourbe unter bcm 33orfi^e beS ^ontgfti^en eonimiffarms, beg (Sel^eimen 9ie9ierung«= xtnb ^rooin3ia!(=©(|u(=9tat{)e8 ^errit Dr. Sonbfermann uhb in ©egenvoart bc« boju commttttrten 2J?itgItebeS beS SuratoriumS, §errtt gtierftraS, om 9. Sluguft abgc^atten. SSon ben fec^S 9t6iturtenten erf|ietten fitnf bo« 3E"9nii ^er SReife, namHc^; 1. tocf), {^riebri^, 18 Satire alt, aus t5tn, 2. «u^n, SBit^etm, 17' Satire alt, am totn, 3. aWiitler, ^peter, 17 Sa^re aft, au« t5tn, 4. ©iebet, Earl, 21 3a^re ait, ou« gtttfetb 6ei ©tegen, 5. ». SBin^ingerobe, SBaSmutl^, 19 -Sa^re att, au8 tijtn. ^iil^n mit. bem,5probifate „®ut", bte Ucbrtgen mtt bera «prabifot „®enttgenb" beftanben. SodEi-wnb .tii^n teibmen fic^ bem SSaufaci^e, 50? litter bem taufmann«ftanbe, ©iebel bem SBergfa^e, o. SBin^tngerobe bcm g'orftfaiiie. ®er 5fnftaft finb in bem abgclaufenen ©c^utjal^re u. 31. bte nad^fte:^enben JBevfagungen ber SBel^orben gugegangen ; SRefcr. beS Siinigf. ^roO.^Sd^uI^SottegiumS ju Soblcnj Oom 27. £)cto6er o. 3. bie ncue Unterti^t3= unb 5Prii= fnngg-Drbnung bet SReol|d§uIen Betteffenb. ®eggl. Dom 2. SJobemBer ». 3. iiber bie Drgonifation ber SriegSfc^ulen. SeSgl. Bom 3. SKoaember ». 3- «6er bie son ©eiten ber Slirection einjureic^enben ^jeriobifd^en SBeric^te. 3)c8g(eid^en Bom 24. S'JoBeniber o. 3., reorait Serid^t iiber eine neue 3nftruction fiir ben Seid^enunterric^t unb ein neueS ^rufung8=SRegleinent fur bie 3eid)enle^rer ber pfiereu Se^ronpatten eingeforbert toirb. 2)e8gl. Bom 26. SJJobentber ». 3. ttBer ben Unteriid^t in ber ©efrfjii^te. SeggI, Bom 1. ©ecentber B. 3. Bel^ufs Srjiottung eines SBerid^teS fiber bie SScred)tigung ber ©ecunbaner jum einjal^rigen freimittigen ajJilitairbtenjie. Sesgt. Bom 17. Sonuar b. 3- fiber bie ?tu8fertigraig beg Stbganggjengniffeg ffir jotc^e 2tBiturienten, tBef(^e bog ^rfibicat „5Kid^t Bejianben" erI|oIten ^oBen. ®eggl. Bont 20. •3anuar e. fiber bie ben nic^t ju Bereibigenben neu eintretenben Se^rcm ju ntod^enbcn ajor^alte. 3)eggl. Bom 26. 3anuar c. fiber ©d^ulgelbbcfreiungen unb ©tt^)enbien. 2)eggf. Bom 17. gebruar c. mit ber Slnjeige, bag ber §err SKintjler bem 2. orbentfii^en Se^rer ber ijlnpolt, §errn SB Iff, bag ircction ber 3lnftalt einjureic^en finb. SJeggl. Bom 5. 2Kai c, womit ba? Sterna ju ber bte8jo^rigen'5prbgromm=3lB^anbIung genel^migt wirb. Scggl. Bom 8. Tlai c. fiber bie SBangfoIge her Secret ber Slnjiatt. - ®e8gl. Bom 23. 9Kai c. beg 3n]|alte8, bag jufotge eineg aJlinifieriot=grIdffe8 Bom 15. iWoBemBer 1855 ben ^interBIicBenen eines Se^rerS an einer p^eren Unterrid^t8anftdt auger bem ©terBemonot jebesmol bie Botte Sefolbung fur bie aunad^ji folgenben brei 3Konate ju ja'^Ien ijt. S)c8gl. Bom 2. Suli c, womit bie biegjofirigen ^erbjiferien fejigcfe^t werben. SeSgl. Bom 4, 3uli, tBomit ^po^Ite „2)ar jietobf (Seoj^eti;ie" fpr 3lnf d^affung empfo^tcn toirb. Stugerbem nie:^rerc SSerfugungen beg'SSnigt; Dberbfirgermei|icr=3lmte8, bie Srcirung neuer Sel^jieHen, bte StSafjl btr neuen Sel^rer, S3efoIbungg»3lngeIegenI|eiten, ben, SteubflUM.;?. w. betteffenb. '; 5 34 2tm ©d^tuffe bes dortgen unb bctm Seginne be8 je^t aBgctaufeifett errn «prafibenteu 6. SOSittgenftein ein im i8erftetnernrtgS=^Uebcrgange befinbttdier gfeplantensal^n. 2)cn scre^rtett ©efi^tgtbmt ftattcn wfe l^iemit mlfettt feeiien S)attt at. III. pr bic ©WbiilinW. 5Die gottfefeung ber bereits fru^er angefdiafften SBerfe, namtid^: ^oggenborff'S Slnnaten, ©tttttert'* Slfd^io, Sronig'S ijortfc^ritte ber ip^if, ©rimm'S beutfc^es SBorterbuil,, ^eeren unb Ud'eri (Sef^id^te i^tx euro|)flif^ert ©taat?n,;;?SogeI nnb .^Brner, bie ,9iear=,unb p|ere S8ur= gerfd^utc i»)ro, ISaO, C>errtg, ^r^io fair ^ bie neuerenS^sra^en, <®tie^t, ^cntrfjlbtatt far baS Unter* ric^tswefen u. f. w. 2lu§erbem SBitmar, 8tterat»rgef#c^tef OJeroinug, ©eft^ic^te ber beujf(|en ®i(^tu%i'^-%be.r®^efoff, '®&t^e'«8eben, 4 Sbe.; §inric^'8, ©(fitter's S)i(^tungen; aSie^off, — 36 — grtauteruttgcn ju ©ot^e'e ©ebtc^ten; iffiagner, engttfi^e ©rammatt!, ^er. B. fierrig; Latham, handbook; Herrig, britlgh authors ; Walker, Pronouncing Dictionary, by Smart;"S8avt^'8 5Reif en in 3lfrt!a, 2 Sbe. ; «P il fe, S^arafteriff ifen jur bergf. @rb. unb SBorferfunbe, 2 SSbe; ; a' a b I o n 8 f ^, ««atur[l)[tcm bcr ^nfecten, 8 Sbe. ntit Bupl; ©(iiining, §anbbu(| fiir 5Rat«rforfc^er ; @t^er= berg, geitfaben fur ben Unterric£)t, in ber 3laturgef(i)tc^te, 3 58be.; 8euni«; ^oorogie; IJotffac, SKeteorotogte ; bie gortfe^ung bon Arago, oeuvres completes par Barral unb t)On ^ret^tl'S encl)crp. ©uppr. uon j?arntarfd); 9tebtenbac^er, ^Prtncipien ber 2Mec^ani! unb be8 SRafd^tnen^ baneg; ^entfcJief, bie (S(|ieberftenerungen bet ©ampfmofc^tnen; @cE)raber, (£f entente ber SWed^anif, I. 3:^.; ® a bar ret, Se^rbu^ ber ©ettrtcttat, 2 33be.; SBiefe, bentfdje SSrtefe iiber englififie dv Sie^nng; Ovidius, ed. Haupt; (g^clbac^, SDJat^em. Se^rftnnben; ©aniel, ^anbbu(^ ber ®eo3ra;= p^te, 2 aSbe.; 9ieufi^te, Se^rbnii^ ber ©eograp^ie, 2 SSbe.; $anbt!e'8 aSanblarten ber Pani^ gfobe, oon Oefterret^, ®eutfd)tanb, gnropa, 9Ifrtfa, 3lfien, 9^orb» unb ®nb=2lme'riJa, 3lnftraUen; ijtepert, SBanbfarte beg often ©rieri^entanb. ©iepefige ©n Wont ©ifiauberg'fdEie SSerfagg^anblung l^atte bie ®iitc, ber ©tredion cine be= Uebige 3(uetoal)t ifjrer 33crlag«tt)erfe fiir bie SCnftatt junt ®efc|en! anjubietcn. -Sn tjofgc ber getroffenen Sa^I ttiurben bann ber aSibtiot^ef ber (gdEiute bie wert^tioHen 2Ber!e Don Sl^n,' a3aSfcrtiiffe, aSenebi^', SSone, (Snnen, o. ©roote, ^artmann, §ei«, Sotping, SB. aKufler unb @tef* fen, im (Soujen 24 SBonbc iibertotefen. — SBtr fii^fen unS uerpfliditet, ber genonnten'^anbtung fiir biefen a3etoei« i§re8 3^ntereffe§ on bem ©ebei^en ber Sinftoft unfern fiersfic^ften J)anf au«jufprc(;^cn. IV. giir bie ©t^iilcrfitMiotl^e!. . ©^oppner, ^ausf^o^ bcr 8anber= unb SSoIferfunbe, 4 SBbe.; g^erb. ©cfintibt, ©dfiiflerj ©(firintpert, SSorbitber ber S8oter(onb§tiebe; aSoget, Sffeifen in,SentraI=^3tfrtfo; 3Kiiner, bie jungen gonoerol be§ 2lmajonenftrome« ; §orn, ©itberbtide, 3"9S "w^ "^em Seben ouggejeidEineter SDtenfc^en; 3JJeibinger, griebri(^ ber ©ro^e; ®rube, SBiiber unb ©cenen ouS ben berfc^. (Srbt^eilen, 4iBbe.; a3renbef, grjo^Iungen ouS bem S:^ier(eben; ?^inger, bie S^ibefungen; ©d^mibt, @eefcl)fac^ten unb @eei^e(ben; (S^wibt, S'iorbfee unb Dceon ; ^ixaxntxmann, taSMtexunb^mt^nxibit; ©c^wob, bie f(|6nftcn ©ogen beg TOertl^nntS; 3Bifenton, bie Sompe beg §eifigt^um§; ;^arfon8, ber ©c^ein triigt, be^gt. bie 5Wa(^t ber ©enjol^nfieit; ©pi;c unb SWortiue, SReife in iBrofitien. 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October a3ormittag« non 8—^12 'U^r 'in aSegleitung i^rer 9(ngcf)btigen unter ginrei^ung ber 3'^"9"iffe i^rer biSl^crigen Sel^rer im ©diuCofaf bei bem Unterjei^neten nnjuntetben. ©er director Dr. ©i^eKen. UeBerfi^t^'^Jufiette Mtr bit SJerttcnbung &er ^c^tfriifte unb bte SJtrtlicilung M MmWti tm 1. ^nnoi b. % an. Cjljrtr. 1. Dr. Sdiellttt, iDuector. 2. Dr. (Sflrtljj, crfier DkvWjvcr, DrbiimviuS tioit I. 3. Dr. DUtijlicn, jnjctter Dkrtdjvev. 4. Utijlottib, bvitter Dbcvte^ver, £)r= bixaviud uoii II. |)rtmtt. 5!Katf)enmtit 6 ®tb. (Sf)cmtc 4 ®tb. ^il\)fit 2 <2tb. ©cogiiofic 1 ®tb. gvanj. 4 @tb. @eogvc<|)()tc 2 Stb. 5. ®'iBrten, oierter Dberlcf)rei-, £)r= binariuS oon IV. a. 6. (SrSbbtls, fatljol. SRctigionSlc^vcv, OrbinortuS oon III. b. 7. '^a^oic S&stt, ctoongct. 9tcligiott8= leaver. 8. «Paftor iBnrttlljelm, etjangct. 9idi= gtoniSkljrev. 9. ifliameanfl, crfter orbcntl. ^c^vcr, SDtbinnviiiS toon V. b. 10. Holff, Dbevlcljrcr, jweitcr orbcntl, 2ii)xtx, £)i-btuoviu« »Joii IV. b. 11, iavrkti brittet Orbentt. Se^va. Dcutfd) 3 ®tb. Stcunbtt. (5I)ciitie 2 ®tb. ''^5^»)fif 3 ®tb. SKincrd. 2 ®tb. J^vaitj. 4 Stb. 5D{atf)em. 5 <5tb. actrtta A. granj. 5 ®tb. Strtin 6. granj. 5 ®tb. 3)fatt)em. 6 ®tb. iJotf)oI. atdigion 2 (Stb. (Suaiiget. Mcligioit 2 Stb. ®efd)td)tc 2 Stb. ©ciitfdi 3 Stb. (Skogva|)l)ie 2 Stb. dS^uarta B. ^ootogie 2 Stb. mi}ol atetigioit 2 Stb. (Stiangcl. 9ieligon 2 Stb. Sotanit 2 Stb. ®cfd)id)te 2 Stb. gjhtrjcm. () Stb. Satdn 5 Stb. Sateiu 5 Stb. (Sininta A. dHuinta 6. ! '. ■' Ml gratij. 6 Stb. i?atr;o(. 9tcligioit 3 Stb. 2atmx ') 5 Stb. 6»angel, 9{efigion 2 Stb. !Deutfd) 3 Stb. Snteiit 5 Stb. ©cogvapfjic 2 Stb. ®ef^id)te 2 Stb. 9te(^nen 5 Stb. aserta A. Btxtn B. ^atljol. 9?eligton 3 Stb. Soangel. Stetigion 2 ©tb. ?otetn 6 ©tb. 3iil|l bcr iiCtctiontn. 18 18 21 19 20 18 20 20 '^^"^ Cornell University Library PR 912.B64 An historical and literary inquiry into 3 1924 013 358 977 .A,w.~:•\'5v:■^■^ .tff-*k.*«^: a^v'«;;} -y-^::- '■^^"■.■:.*.,L-^ ■■ m%%'^