CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
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DATE DUE 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 
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 From strength to strength : 
 
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FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 THREE SERMONS 
 
 ON ^ 
 
 STAGES IN A CONSECRATED LIFE. 
 
 .f- ,f. Vy t 5 "7 coTT 
 
 HonUon 
 MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK. 
 1890 
 
 All Rights reserved. 
 
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 1i^ 
 
 P^Uzx^\ 
 
 Cambrtlifle : 
 
 PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AND SONS, 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 
 
 Y1 ll-r, 3V114J) 
 
TO THE MEMORY 
 OF 
 
 JOSEPH BARBER LIGHTFOOT, 
 
 D.D., D.C.L., LL.D. 
 
 TUTOR OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, 
 1857— 1862 
 
 HULSEAN PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, 
 1861— 1875 
 
 CANON OF ST PAUL'S, 
 1874— 1879 
 
 LADY MARGARET'S PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, 
 1875— 1879 
 
 BISHOP OF DURHAM, 
 1879— 1889 
 
 Lord... we... bless Thy holy Name for all Thy servants departed 
 this life in Thy faith and fear ; beseeching Thee to give us grace so to 
 follow their good examples, that with them we may be partakers of Thy 
 heavenly kingdom. 
 
Probably it has never before fallen to the lot of any one to 
 endeavour to give expression under the most solemn circu7n- 
 stances to thoughts suggested by three great crises in the life 
 of a friend, for death is for the Christian a crisis in life. As 
 each occasion came I sought to say what the occasion itself told 
 us through him, whom we loved, of the office with which he was 
 charged, of the society which he served, of the character by which 
 the servant of God is enabled to do his work; and in each 
 region the description of the Christian life and the Christian Faith 
 seemed to find a fresh fulfilment : Fi'om strength to strength. 
 
 B. F. W. 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 fantiary \oth, 1890. 
 
SERMON I. 
 
 From strength to strength. 
 
 (Preached in Westminster Abbey at the Consecration of J. B. Lightfoot, 
 
 D.D., Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity, Cambridge, to 
 
 the See of Durham, on St Mark's Day, 1879.) 
 
 SERMON II. 
 
 From weakness to strength. 
 
 (Preached at the Consecration of the Church of St Ignatius the Martyr, 
 Sunderland, on July 2, 1889.) 
 
 SERMON III. 
 
 From strength to the rest of God. 
 
 (Preached in Westminster Abbey on the first Sunday after Christmas, 
 
/ believe in the Communion of Saints. 
 
 n&NTec YA'veTc eTc ecre 6n XpiCTCji "Ihcoy- 
 Ye all are one man in Christ Jesus. 
 
 Gal. iii. 28. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 W. S. 
 
From strength to strength. 
 
 Ps. Ixxxiv. 7. 
 
 Westminster Abbey, 
 St Mark's Day, 1879. 
 
It is not necessary to attempt to fix the exact 
 circumstances under which these words were written. 
 The Psalter in its spiritual fulness belongs to no 
 special time ; and this Psalm is the hymn of the 
 Divine life in all ages. It brings before us the grace 
 and tJte glory of sacrifice, of service, of progress, where 
 God alone, the Lord of Hosts, is the source and the 
 strength and the end of effort. It is true now, and it 
 is true always, that the voice of faith repeats, as in 
 old time, through loneliness, through labour, through 
 sorrow, its unchanging s\x2xa., from strength to strength. 
 A Northumbrian saint, it is said, carried up into 
 Heaven in a trance, heard the same thanksgiving 
 rendered by a choir of angels before the Throne of 
 God. It must be so. The Lord God is a sun to 
 illuminate and a shield to protect. In the pilgrimage 
 of worship that which is personal becomes social. 
 The trust of the believer passes into the trust of the 
 Church. The expectation of one is fulfilled in the 
 joy of all. If the travellers grow weary on their way, 
 it is that they may find unexpected refreshment ; 
 if they faint, it is that they may feel the new power 
 which re-quickens them. They go from strength to 
 
 I — 2 
 
4 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 strength; every one of them appeareth before God in 
 Zion. 
 
 This law of movement — of movement which, 
 through the love of God is progress — is realised 
 throughout the Divine life. It is realised in its 
 spring: from faith to faith is the charter of Christian 
 confidence. It is realised in its process : grace for 
 grace is the blessing on Christian labour. It is 
 realised in its issue : from glory to glory is the crown 
 of Christian hope. In a word, the law of life, personal 
 and universal, as God has willed, is summed up in 
 this — from strength to strength. It is not true of men, 
 and it is not true of humanity, that their sad journey is 
 ever further from the East. If they move westward, 
 it is with the light, and again towards the light. 
 Without dissembling or extenuating the effects of sin, 
 without forgetting the dark mysteries and open sorrows 
 which hang over generations, centuries, continents, we 
 dare to repeat the sentence — not indeed in exultation, 
 and yet without doubt, as the lesson of the past — 
 from strength to strength. 
 
 Every nation, every Church, every diocese, can 
 furnish illustrations of the truth. Nowhere, I think, 
 is it shewn more vividly than in that great Northum- 
 brian diocese, unique in its history, in its privileges, 
 in its significance, to which our thoughts are turned 
 to-day. The aspect of Christianity is changed since 
 Gregory, with distant vision, marked out for the 
 future Metropolitan of York twelve Suffragans, whose 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 5 
 
 number is yet only half completed ; since Aidan 
 gained acceptance for the faith among the rude tribes 
 by wise gentleness, and found a king to interpret his 
 message in the strange tongue ; since Oswald held 
 fast the forest cross upon the battle-field, the first 
 sign of Christ in the North, and moved his soldiers to 
 win the victory for and through the Lord Whom he 
 had acknowledged ; since Bede, in his holy calm, 
 used patiently the gathered treasures of all the learning 
 of Europe — Irish, Galilean, Roman, Greek — and so 
 was enabled to re-kindle the dying flame of culture in 
 the West ; since Egelric, last but one of the Saxon 
 Bishops of Durham, wasting away in prison at West- 
 minster, left his grave in the Abbey a place of pil- 
 grimage; since Walcher, the first Bishop after the 
 Conquest, fell a victim to the people whom he sought 
 sternly to coerce by his civil power; since Richard 
 girded Hugh Pudsey with the sword, as Earl of 
 Sadberge, and granted the dignity to his successors 
 for ever ; since Antony Beck, unfurling the sacred 
 banner of St Cuthbert, led the van of the army which 
 brought the coronation-stone from Scone to West- 
 minster ; since Richard de Bury, the friend of Petrarch, 
 insisted on the study of Greek and Hebrew, and 
 provided for the pursuit of arts along the way of 
 strict and careful scholarship ; since Tunstall gave for 
 the use of the students at Cambridge a copy of the 
 first Bible printed in the original tongues, and guarded 
 his people with tender forethought, so that not one 
 
6 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 victim fell from among them during the reign of 
 Mary ; since Cromwell established a college at 
 Durham '' of the foundation of the Lord Protector," 
 believing that "it might produce such happy and 
 glorious fruits as are scarce thought of or foreseen ; " 
 since Cosin, who was consecrated to the See, as no 
 one since till to-day, and that, by the side of Brian 
 Walton, within these walls, repaired the ruins of five 
 and twenty years, and earnestly maintained the im- 
 munity of his diocese from sending burgesses to 
 Parliament as the sole responsible guardian of the 
 liberties of his people ; since Butler, in the sight " of 
 the general decay of religion," pressed his clergy to 
 " instruct people in the importance of external religion," 
 to restore churches, and to multiply services, that so 
 they might bring home to men the practical power of 
 piety, which he rightly felt to be the proper answer 
 to scepticism. 
 
 Such scenes, such names — not to come down to 
 later times — bring before us the memories of a 
 chequered life, grievously troubled by passion and 
 self-seeking, yet continuous with a mighty power 
 and unbroken by revolutions. The saint, the 
 scholar, the soldier, the courtier, the statesman, the 
 divine, have added something to the Episcopal in- 
 heritance of the See of Aldwin. The sword of Beck, 
 and the thorn-tree of Butler, and the throne of Van 
 Mildert are more than idle relics. In spite of men's 
 weaknesses and vices, in spite of periods of corruption 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 7 
 
 and sloth, we can say, as we look back over the slow 
 moulding of the northern Palatinate to the new 
 order — -from strength to strength. 
 
 Two features, as it seems to me, give to the 
 Diocese of Durham a peculiar character, the early 
 and lasting combination of spiritual and civil power 
 in the hands of the Bishop, and the singular devotion 
 of the clergy to the study of Holy Scripture. The 
 coronet which in this one case encircles the mitre — 
 the manuscript of St John's Gospel which was found 
 upon the breast of Cuthbert — are eloquent symbols 
 of truths which have a present application. The 
 one expresses in a striking shape the claim of the 
 Faith to deal with the whole sum of life; the other 
 suggests the fertile and yet unchanging rule of 
 doctrine in the written Word. If we cling to the 
 symbols it is not that we wish to recall the forms of 
 the past, but to interpret them. And do we not feel 
 that the truths thus shadowed are those which, 
 above all, we need to have brought home to us in 
 our present trial t We need to see embodied in 
 our society the spirit of counsel and the spirit of 
 prophecy ; — the spirit of counsel which shall enter 
 into the questionings and speculations, the problems 
 and the victories of our modern life, as part of the 
 domain of the Church; and the spirit of prophecy 
 which shall interpret to our own age the message of 
 Christ, Incarnate and Ascended, as it is written, 
 once for all, in the Bible. 
 
8 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 When we think upon such needs we see that they 
 correspond, in part at least, with the twofold work 
 of our unique Episcopate, on which is laid the 
 burden of statesmanship and the burden of spiritual 
 guidance. In such a body no skill in administra- 
 tion, no power of personal influence, no warmth of 
 religious feeling can supply the place of large 
 knowledge and deep insight. The strength of 
 Catholic learning and the courage of large-hearted 
 policy must find a place in the College of our 
 spiritual fathers if we are to be saved from the waste 
 and exhaustion of isolated and discordant labours. 
 A great society cannot exist without great ideas ; 
 and great ideas perish unless they find worthy utter- 
 ance. To organise is not to rule : merely to repeat a 
 formula is not to instruct. The ruler must grasp 
 the just proportion of the objects and duties of 
 government; he must measure the wants and 
 capacities of all his subjects; he must develope vital 
 powers and not simply marshal them ; he must never 
 lose sight of his ideal while he does the little which 
 is within his reach. The teacher again must be 
 ready to bring out of his treasure things new as well 
 as old ; he must never be weary of translating into 
 the current idiom the thoughts which his ancestors 
 have mastered, and never backward to welcome the 
 fresh voices of later wisdom. 
 
 It is a natural consequence of our restless and 
 busy life that we are turned by multitudinous details 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 9 
 
 from the steady contemplation of the broad aspects 
 of things. It is easier to crowd the day with little 
 duties than to spend it in the silent study of enigmas 
 which yield no immediate answer. But the issue is 
 already seen to be disastrous. We hear it said that 
 "a large part of the business of the wise is to 
 counteract the efforts of the good." And meanwhile 
 the growing complexity of life brings widespread 
 hesitancy and doubt and moral relaxation. We feel 
 ourselves, if it be but for rare moments, that there 
 are whole regions of life on which we have not 
 looked ; and we tremble at the phantoms with which 
 we unconsciously people them. 
 
 In such a state of things we cannot but turn to 
 those whose position requires them to regard the 
 greatest problems of the time under the responsibility 
 of action, who must contemplate things not as 
 students only, but as statesmen, for that spirit of 
 counsel which we need. Nor do I fear that I shall be 
 misunderstood if I say that our ancient Universities 
 supply with singular fulness the discipline which 
 may train the spiritual counsellor. Nowhere else, I 
 believe, is a generous sympathy with every form of 
 thought and study more natural or more effective; 
 nowhere else is it equally easy to gauge the rising 
 tide of opinion and feeling which will prevail after 
 us ; nowhere else is there in equal measure that 
 loyal enthusiasm which brings the highest triumphs 
 of faith within the reach of labour. He who has 
 
lO FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 striven there towards the ideal of student and teacher 
 will have gained powers fitted for a larger use. He 
 who has lived in communion with the greatest minds 
 of all ages will not be hasty to make his own 
 thoughts the measure of truth. He who has watched 
 the specious transformation of assertion into fact will 
 not withdraw anything from rigorous inquiry. Not 
 one acquisition of toilsome research will be unfruitful 
 in lessons of patient endurance. Not one rule of 
 exact criticism will be unserviceable in fixing the 
 limits of possible knowledge. The character of a 
 scholar has in its direct force infinitely greater power 
 than any product of his skill. Literary work, how- 
 ever perfect, reflects in some degree the passing 
 temper of the age; but character enters into the 
 very depths of life, quickening, moulding, inspiring: 
 the one is a fair building, the other is a tree whose 
 seed is in itself. The mode of ministry may change, 
 but in the service of sacrifice every endowment, no 
 less than every worshipper, shall appear before God 
 in Zion : they, too, will go from strength to strength. 
 
 The memories of the old princely rights of the See 
 of Durham move us to recognise once more this 
 aspect of the Episcopate as the organ of spiritual 
 counsel. They witness now to the charge which is 
 laid upon the heads of the Christian society to regard 
 all social questions as proper subjects of their thought. 
 They are, when rightly interpreted, an answer to the 
 pitiless verdict that " the entire theory of the Church 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. II 
 
 is antagonistic to any concentrated or consistent 
 scheme for raising the earthly condition of the 
 masses.'' Our present distresses emphasise the 
 urgency of the call. Nor do I think that there will 
 be any rest for nations till the leaders of Christendom 
 bring home to the world the truths which they hold. 
 Nothing but our Faith can deal finally with the 
 problems of democracy. Eleven centuries have not 
 modified the power of its message. Without it life 
 is but a gleam of light between two depths of chilling 
 gloom — out of the darkness into the darkness — 
 according to the image of the Northern chief And, 
 on the other hand, I know no problem of society 
 which the Gospel is not able to illuminate. It pro- 
 claims the true basis of fellowship in the Incarnation; 
 it ennobles and concentrates the many offices which 
 are united in one body ; it reveals the abiding 
 supremacy of character, which is independent of the 
 accidental circumstances of life. Nor may we stop 
 here ; for I will not shrink from adding that the 
 English Church seems to me to be marked out by its 
 history, by its inheritance, by its constitution, reach- 
 ing through all classes, in contact with all religions, 
 in sympathy with all truth, able in St Paul's sense 
 to become all things to all men, as destined by God 
 to give expression to the social Gospel for which we 
 are waiting. 
 
 Such a Gospel lies in Christianity ; such an office 
 appears to be committed to our Church ; and as yet 
 
12 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 we have not acknowledged it. Carf we then wonder 
 that we are met by sad doubts and suspicions, 
 that we are charged with insincerity, that we are 
 inwardly disheartened by the sense of a mission 
 unrecognised ? To gain quietness and confidence we 
 must look for the manifestation of a power of life 
 which shall vindicate for Christ every interest and 
 every faculty of man. To provide for this, to call it 
 out, to cherish it, is above all things an Episcopal 
 work. Here lies for our age that care for the weak 
 which is characteristically committed to our Bishops. 
 The imposition of hands by which they appoint 
 ministers and people alike to a priestly office in 
 different spheres requires to receive its full interpre- 
 tation. They who bless all for life's work in the 
 name of God must claim for God as a harmonious 
 service every energy of personal and social power. 
 A Bishop is not the father of the clergy only, but of 
 the Church — the head not of an order only, but of a 
 people. 
 
 And let us not doubt that when our Bishops have 
 measured the problems of the age by the spirit of 
 counsel, they will receive the spirit of prophecy in 
 answer to the prayer of faith. This spirit comes 
 through the old channels. Therefore it is that the 
 Bible is delivered again into the Bishop's hands, but 
 with a new charge. It is not enough that he should 
 " preach the Word of God." He must " think upon 
 the things contained in that book" with resolute 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 1 3 
 
 meditation. He must be " diligent in them, that the 
 increase coming thereby may be manifest unto all 
 men." On him rests the responsibility of mastering 
 the latest meaning of the written Word, and com- 
 mending it practically to the world. For the 
 Scriptures, like the human character of Christ, are of 
 no age and of no country. Their last utterance will 
 not be spoken while the world lasts. To each 
 generation it is given to see something more of their 
 wealth. Already, I will venture to say, the facts 
 which have been established in our time as to the 
 relations of man to man and of man to nature have 
 filled with a new meaning mysterious passages of 
 St Paul, and revealed fresh depths in the historic 
 message of the Gospel. It is hard indeed to realise 
 that in these ways God is speaking to us. For 
 many, as of old, the Divine voice is but a thunder- 
 peal. We want then the disciplined guidance of 
 the prophet ; but we can feel that the whole signifi- 
 cance of life will be changed when we have learnt to 
 listen for tidings of the will of our God and Saviour 
 from every investigator of His works; when the 
 enthusiasm of discovery is no longer met by the cry 
 " No further," but hallowed by the petition, Speak, 
 Lord, for Thy servant heareth. To refuse to welcome 
 any truths, however fragmentary they may be, to 
 dissemble them, to force them to the model of our 
 prepossessions, is to dishonour the Spirit which is 
 sent in Christ's Name. Little by little He is unfold- 
 
14 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 ing now that Name on which all being is a com- 
 mentary. Theology, Christian Theology, cannot be 
 stationary. Every fact which is added to our know- 
 ledge of man or of the world illuminates our know- 
 ledge of God. Here, also, the Psalmist's words are 
 true — -from strength to strength. 
 
 We look then — we must look — to our Episcopate 
 for the expression of the spirit of counsel and of the 
 spirit of prophecy. It may perhaps seem chimerical 
 to seek from those who are overburdened by routine 
 duties the fulfilment of these loftiest functions, which 
 can only be fulfilled in spaces of calm thought. I 
 know that the type of Episcopal work which I have 
 endeavoured to indicate has grown somewhat strange 
 to us under the pressure of our recent revivals. I 
 know that it will be difficult to realise it under the 
 conditions of present custom. But every circumstance 
 of our gathering to-day points to such an effort as 
 the aim of our prayers. The traditions of Durham, 
 the studies and the teachings of Cambridge, the 
 popular activities of St Paul's, the subtle debatings 
 at Westminster, all enforce the same charge. Let 
 not one fragment then be lost. With one heart we 
 ask this morning for him " who is called to the office 
 and ministry of a Bishop," echoing, as we trust, the 
 words which Christ Himself speaks through the facts 
 of life, that over every old gift may be written, in the 
 new office "from strength to strength'.' 
 
 Something, no doubt, must be sacrificed if the 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. IS 
 
 end is to be gained. We know, or rather we do not 
 know, what we have sacrificed at Cambridge. But 
 if the end appears to be attainable, every needful 
 sacrifice will be cheerfully made. Men are growing 
 weary, I think, of the restless activity which makes 
 reflection impossible where it is most necessary. Let 
 it but be seen that the whole life is given to the 
 office, and they will be content to postpone their own 
 wants. In the highest places there must be a choice 
 of work. Much must be left undone that that which 
 is most needful may be done. To determine what is 
 most needful is the supreme responsibility of leader- 
 ship ; and he will best fulfil the office of spiritual 
 government who has courage to regard the propor- 
 tion between the manifold demands which are made 
 upon his care ; who has patience to labour in silence 
 for the distant harvest which he will not reap ; who 
 has sympathy to win and to use that devotion of 
 others by which great leaders are strong ; who can 
 follow the movements of science, of philanthropy, of 
 legislation, from the vantage-ground of Faith; who 
 can recognise the Divine call which bids him offer 
 no conventional service but that which the past has 
 given him in practical experience and intellectual 
 wealth. 
 
 Nor may we forget that in Durham a University 
 is ready to minister to the Diocese, and that it finds a 
 home for the Bishop within its walls. Such a posi- 
 tion is, I believe, unparalleled. At length the anti- 
 
l6 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 cipations of Cromwell appear to await an unexpected 
 accomplishment. The Festival of St Mark offers the 
 memories of the school of Alexandria. But, however 
 the opportunity may be used, we cannot mistake its 
 significance. A life spent in dealing with the young 
 may bias my own judgment ; but I feel that there 
 are untold victories for Christ within the reach of him 
 to whom it may be given to keep alive and strengthen 
 the simple devotion and the high desires of early 
 manhood when entering on the active business of life. 
 There is often a rude contrast between our first ideals 
 and our first practical efforts. In the shock many let 
 Faith slip, many try to support it by artificial stays. 
 On all sides we banish to some distant time the 
 immediate action of God. We treasure as dead relics 
 the forces which we should recognise as living powers. 
 Because the fashion of the world changes we think 
 that Heaven is farther off now than in the childhood 
 of the Church. But let our Fathers in God make it 
 clear that every righteous activity is a Divine service, 
 that every aspiration after truth is, consciously or 
 unconsciously, a looking to Christ, that every Article 
 of the Creed is a inotive and a help to holiness ; let 
 them proclaim again the words of Apostles and 
 Evangelists without disparaging the partial formulas 
 in which men of old time have translated them, and 
 without accepting any one formula as final and ex- 
 haustive ; let them offer as the scene of human labour 
 a world not left fatherless, echoing with spiritual 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 1 7 
 
 voices, and bound together through all its parts with 
 underlying harmonies of love ; let them keep steadily 
 before the eyes of men the weightier matters of the 
 law, judgment, m,ercy, and faith, which bring into 
 their true place deep and doubtful questionings, 
 framed of necessity in imperfect language ; let them 
 gather round them, as Bede bade Egbert, such a com- 
 panionship as may shew by a simple life the power 
 of that Presence on which they look ; let them hold 
 forth in all its splendour to eager souls the ideal of 
 that Kingdom in which each earthly achievement 
 finds its consummation and each earthly effort its 
 hallowing ; and I can well believe that a revolution 
 will be effected, even in a single generation, more 
 beneficent than that of the Fourth Century in social 
 influence ; more disciplined than that of the Thirteenth 
 in personal self-sacrifice ; more comprehensive than 
 that of the Sixteenth in the co-ordination of truth. 
 
 As the vision rises before us, as we feel that it 
 answers to the inherent power of our Faith, as we 
 confess that it lingers far off, dim and fleeting, 
 through our great fault, we cry again, bowed down 
 by past failures, disheartened by our present divisions, 
 paralysed by the measures of our hopes. Who is 
 sufficient for these things ? 
 
 There can be but one answer — he who wholly 
 
 forgets himself in God Who called him ; he who 
 
 " lays down at the footstool of God his successes and 
 
 his failures, his hopes and his fears, his knowledge 
 
 w. S. 2 
 
1 8 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 
 
 and his ignorance, his weakness and his strength, his 
 misgivings and his confidences — all that he is and all 
 that he might be — content to take up thence just that 
 which God shall give him\" That is our trust now. 
 To give up the tranquil home of thirty years, to 
 suspend abruptly the fulfilment of a chosen life-work, 
 to face the necessity of realising under untried con- 
 ditions a new ideal, shall be, by God's grace, for him 
 who hears only the voice of God bidding him enter 
 on a pilgrimage of Faith, to go from strength to 
 strength. 
 
 So it is that words spoken as on this day two years 
 ago come back to the speaker and to us, sealed by 
 manifold blessings. The prayers which were then 
 answered add confidence to our new petitions. We 
 believe in the Divine commission, As My Father hath 
 sent Me, even so send I you. We believe in the Divine 
 assurance, Lo ! I am with you all the days to the end 
 of the world. We believe in the Divine victory, /, if 
 T be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto 
 Me. And our faith is turned into supplication. Let 
 us forget all but that charge, that Presence, that 
 Redemption. There must be in the outward life 
 checks, lonelinesses, defects. We cannot always keep 
 at the level of our loftiest thoughts. But for the soul 
 which offers itself to God, which accepts — because it 
 is His will — the burden of command, which claims — 
 
 ' Dr Lightfoot's Sermon at the Consecration of the Bishop of 
 Truro, St Mark's Day, 1877. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH. 19 
 
 because it is His promise — the spirit of counsel and 
 the spirit of prophecy; the words shall be fulfilled, 
 through the discipline of disappointment and the joy 
 of sacrifice, from strength to strength. 
 
 O Lord God of Hosts, blessed is the man that 
 putteth his trust in Thee. 
 
When the Bishop was asked to add a short motto from 
 the Greek Testament to his signature in an album of portraits 
 of the Revisers of the Authorised Version, he wrote 
 
 ANApi'zecee KpATAioYcGe. 
 
 (^Quit you like men, be strong.) 
 
 I Cor. xvi. 13. 
 
II. 
 
 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
...from weakness were made strong. 
 
 Hebr. xi. 34. 
 
 St Ignatius, Sunderland, 
 July 2, 1889. 
 
 {TAe Visitation of the Virgin Mary.) 
 
From weakness were made strong. — These words 
 are, as we all remertiber, part of that divine summary 
 of the Old Testament, in which the record of the 
 past victories of faith is offered to Hebrew Christians 
 for consolation and encouragement in a season of 
 trial and danger. The Apostle has spoken of faith 
 triumphant over the manifold assaults of physical 
 violence : he goes on to speak of faith as the spring 
 of strength. Through faith the heroes of old time 
 were made strong from weakness, proved mighty in 
 war, turned to flight armies of aliens. The gift of 
 strength,' the exercise of strength, the triumph of 
 strength, had all one origin. 
 
 From weakness were made strong. — The thought 
 corresponds with the festival which the Western 
 Church, in the 14th century, fixed to-day, the festival 
 of the Visitation, the festival of the Magnificat. The 
 thought corresponds with our own festival, when we 
 rejoice to acknowledge that the thank-offering for the 
 blessing of work accomplished, has become also the 
 thank-offering for the blessing of vigour restored for 
 work yet to come. And the thought has a yet fuller 
 and wider application. It expresses a 'law which is 
 fulfilled in the history of Christendom, of churches, of 
 men. 
 
24 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 From weakness were made strong. — Yes, there is a 
 weakness which is the very condition of strength : an 
 overwhelming sense of the perils to be faced, of the 
 labours to be acconaplished, of the problems to be 
 solved, great beyond all comparison with the natural 
 forces which we can bring to our task : a weakness 
 which answers to the conscious need of immeasurable 
 power : a weakness which constrains us to rest on the 
 unseen, and to realise that in our isolation we are not 
 alone. The Church of God was founded by that 
 weakness which recognises and rests in the Infinite, 
 when a solitary pilgrim left all to follow the divine 
 voice, calling him he knew not whither, and Abraham, 
 from a homeless wanderer, became the Father of the 
 Faithful. The charge of Moses was achieved when he 
 laid aside the glory of a royal house and identified 
 himself with a multitude of murmuring and dull- 
 hearted bondmen. The mission of Israel to the 
 world was discharged, not when the authority of the 
 kingdom was extended most widely, but when 
 scattered bands of exiles, turning to Zion with un- 
 wavering love, taught the nations something of their 
 spiritual hope. 
 
 The history of Christendom illustrates the same 
 truth. When we look back over eighteen centuries, 
 we see how times of material prosperity, of wealth, of 
 splendour, of supremacy, have always been times of 
 exceptional danger. Then Christ has come, and in 
 unexpected ways He has made His power known to 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 2$ 
 
 those who lost themselves in Him. When His faith 
 had conquered the empire, it seemed that the Church 
 would embody the spirit of the world, or abandon its 
 largest claims. In different ways Athanasius and 
 Augustine — the one deserted and exiled, the other 
 beleaguered by his enemies at his death — vindicated 
 its independence and affirmed its universality. For 
 three centuries Europe was desolated by fierce tribes, 
 and then missionaries from our own islands won them 
 to the gospel. When the Northumbrian Oswald, 
 taught by Aidan, fell with a prayer for the souls of 
 men upon his lips, we feel that the victory was won. 
 The victory was won, and with its final completeness 
 came the temptation of power. In the triumph of the 
 Papacy the poor were forgotten ; but Francis of Assisi 
 saw Christ in the leper, and again, through those who 
 claimed to be less than the least, the message of the 
 gospel reached the humblest and the greatest. The 
 years went on. Fresh forces of life were called into 
 activity. Fresh treasures of ancient thought were 
 opened for common use. The bonds of the old order 
 were rudely broken. But, even then, in the day of 
 division and failure and reproach Christ came, and, 
 through the undisciplined expression of individual 
 faith, He revealed more fully than before His power 
 to hallow every variety of thought and use every 
 variety of service. 
 
 So it has been in the past. In each successive 
 crisis, when material forces have threatened to over- 
 
26 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 whelm the faith — when material splendour has filled 
 the hearts of men, or physical inquiries have engrossed 
 their thoughts — Christ has shewn Himself in some 
 commanding manifestation of spiritual power. The 
 force of Imperialism yielded to the constancy of 
 Christian doctors. The force of barbarism yielded to 
 the voice of Christian missionaries. The teaching of 
 the friars provided that the poor should not be dis- 
 regarded in the day of mediaeval feudalism. The 
 charms of art and literature were ineffective to silence 
 the simple cry of the awakened conscience at the 
 Renaissance. From age to age, in the stern times of 
 decision, those who saw God and trusted Him from 
 weakness were made strong. 
 
 So it has been in the past. And now once more, 
 if we trust the cycles of human life, we may look for 
 another revelation of the Lord, which shall answer to 
 our own conditions and our own needs. "The 
 world" — the superficial world — the world of the 
 multitudinous marvels of things which can be handled 
 and measured — " is too much with us." But Christ is 
 with us too, even if as yet we see Him not. How He 
 will make Himself seen we cannot tell ; but at least 
 we know something of the facts which His presence 
 will illuminate, something of the thoughts which He 
 will carry to fulfilment, something of the nobler 
 afiections which He will bless. We. live in an epoch 
 of contradictions. Never has the passion for fellow- 
 ship between class and class been so strong as now, 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 2/ 
 
 when the circumstances of labour seem to force men 
 into pitiless competition ; never has the necessity of 
 peace been so keenly recognised as now, when all 
 Europe is a fortress or a camp, and the people seem 
 to snatch a precarious rest "between the conflict of 
 yesterday and the conflict of to-morrow." Never has 
 the sense of a mysterious unity between all things 
 seen and unseen been so penetrating and so wide- 
 spread as now, when specialism seems to be the 
 condition of knowledge. Never have the inscrutable 
 potencies of life been regarded with such boundless 
 expectation as now, when men turn aside from the 
 one divine event, which gives reality to their inspira- 
 tions and substance to their hope, as being irrecon- 
 cilable with experience. 
 
 We look then with eager and undoubting gaze for 
 a coming of Christ to this generation, which shall 
 enable us, through a truer understanding of the 
 Incarnation, to fuse these conflicting and fragmentary 
 feelings into the fulness of a nobler life. Nothing 
 less can satisfy our faith, and nothing but our faith 
 can secure the result. Christianity alone of all 
 religions, as founded upon that supreme Fact, that 
 eternal Truth, the Word become flesh, inspires faith 
 in man as man, made in the image of God. Christi- 
 anity alone off'ers one ideal for all ; an ideal which 
 history has proved to find embodiment under every 
 variety of man's condition. Christianity alone claims 
 for its domain all that is truly human as being truly 
 
28 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 divine, and welcomes every gain of industry and 
 intellect, while it places upon each treasure the 
 hallowing mark of the cross, and the ennobling mark 
 of infinity, to shew the present destination of service, 
 and its illimitable value in the age to come. 
 
 It is well then, brethren, that with such a prospect 
 before us, we should, conscious of our immeasurable 
 wants, think of our calling and of God's gifts, that 
 from weakness we may be made strong. I do not 
 wish to exaggerate the importance of our place in the 
 development of life. 
 
 "What times are little? To the sentinel 
 The hour is regal when he mounts on guard." 
 
 I do not wish to imply that the final success of 
 the cause of Christ depends on our endeavour. With 
 us or without us that will prevail ; but oh ! the un- 
 speakable difference for us. And I do say that God 
 has given to us a unique task, a unique opportunity. 
 I do pray that in the day of our visitation we may 
 welcome our Lord and our Redeemer, however 
 strangely He may seem to be disguised, till at last, in 
 the act of some simple communion, He is made 
 known to us in His glory. 
 
 He has given us, I repeat, a unique task, a unique 
 opportunity — a unique task in that He has charged 
 us by every characteristic of our history to realise, in 
 the completeness of a vital harmony, the unity of 
 national life: a unique opportunity in that He has 
 preserved to us a national Church, as the spiritual 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 29 
 
 organ of the whole body. Storms of controversy may 
 obscure the significance of the facts. Times of 
 indolence and pride may discredit them. But I have 
 no fear that the student, who with calm and patient 
 eyes regards the phenomena of human progress, will 
 underrate their present and their potential value. The 
 one truth which I have watched through my life 
 rising into power, almost into supremacy, is the reality 
 of our social existence. We have learnt that the 
 nation and the race, no less than the family, have a 
 substantive being ; that the nation is not an organi- 
 sation devised by fear or convenience, but a union, a 
 development, lying in the divine ideal of man ; and 
 we are learning that it is the will of God that nations 
 should realise their brotherhood, and that the end of 
 humanity will be reached by their generous co- 
 operation in bringing their several treasures — their 
 honour and glory — into His Kingdom. Under this 
 aspect, then, I venture to say that England is complete 
 by the divine Providence, in a sense in which no other 
 great nation is complete. It has in the national 
 Church an organ for the expression of its spiritual life 
 which has grown with its growth. For the Church of 
 England is no accidental or adventitious appendage 
 to the civil power, no voluntary association of man's 
 devising, but a part of the living body of the state, 
 which, without abating the least fragment of its claim 
 to be the depository and guardian of revealed truth, 
 the ordinary channel of the gifts and the teachings of 
 
30 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 the Holy Spirit, without diminishing aught from its 
 inheritance of apostolic order and catholic doctrine, 
 has fulfilled its office under the conditions of our 
 English character, bringing to us the lessons which 
 we are best fitted to master, offering to us the works 
 which we are best fitted to achieve, uniting age to age 
 and generation to generation with one unbroken and 
 ever-deepening stream of spiritual life. 
 
 In saying this I make no claim of external pre- 
 cedence for the Church in which I am allowed to 
 serve Christ; nay rather I acknowledge a crushing 
 burden, which God alone can help those to bear to 
 whom He has given it. I lament, as sadly as any 
 one, grievous mistakes, failures, misunderstandings in 
 the past — divisions, bitternesses, arrogance, self-will, 
 in the present; but these cannot alter our special 
 prerogative of inherited duty. I acknowledge most 
 gladly what other Christian Societies have done for 
 our common Master, within the sphere of our charge ; 
 but such societies cannot lighten or share our pe- 
 culiar responsibility. They are, as it were, great 
 religious orders. They would repudiate what we 
 have received from our fathers, the pastorate of the 
 English people. 
 
 What then, you ask, is this pastorate } It is to 
 bring to every citizen, without weariness and without 
 hesitation, the message of the Gospel — to offer to all 
 in Christ's name, the gifts of spiritual power — to 
 claim from all the tribute of loyal service to His 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 3' 
 
 cause. It is to provide that every cry for spiritual 
 help shall be answered ; that every resource of counsel 
 and consolation shall be, as of right, at the command 
 of the least and the most desolate. It is to strive 
 that every great subject shall be brought into the light 
 of our Christian Creed — that questions of national 
 and international policy shall be debated in the sight of 
 God — that some shall dare to plead for a pause of calm 
 thought when gusts of passion or arrogance are sweep- 
 ing the people towards an unrighteous judgment. It 
 is to offer a meeting place where every one can come 
 in true equality of soul, offering the best which he has 
 for the common service, and receiving of the wealth 
 of a life which belongs to all. 
 
 The circumstances of our time require the accom- 
 plishment of such a work. The growth of popular 
 power involves the growth of popular responsibility. 
 The acknowledgment of the spiritual is the only 
 pledge, the only consecration of freedom. Great 
 leaders of democracy, who do not confess our faith, 
 have told us lately that now every question is in the 
 end a religious question, which admits only of a 
 religious answer. Here, as elsewhere, a human in- 
 stinct has divined the judgment of the faith. As 
 Christians we hold that the faith does cover every 
 fragment of life. As Christians we hold that the 
 greatest thoughts are for every believer. As Chris- 
 tians we have no esoteric teaching for a cultured class. 
 The soul which God made can recognise its Maker. 
 
32 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 Trusting to that kinsmanship our Church claims the 
 nation for the object of its ministry. 
 
 But some will say that our National Church has 
 not fulfilled the office which I have indicated. I do 
 not care to deny the charge. To acknowledge failure 
 is to keep open the way to success. I do not fear to 
 confess weakness : such confession is a prayer that it 
 may be said of us hereafter, as it has been said of 
 those who, in earlier times, pursued a great ideal in 
 trust on God, from weakness they were made strong. 
 But, even now, I ask whether our Church has not, in 
 fact, recognised the problems of modern society with 
 surprising rapidity, and essayed to deal with them 
 with self-denying and courageous zeal. I ask what 
 you have yourselves seen during the episcopate of ten 
 years, of which this house of God is an eloquent me- 
 morial .? Do you not feel that during that time you 
 have gained spiritual force, not only from the un- 
 wearied personal devotion of your bishop, but, because 
 he has administered for your blessing the accumulated 
 heritage of an unbroken life of more than twelve cen- 
 turies 1 Do you not feel that the past has come 
 nearer to you with a message of reassurance, and that 
 the future appears less menacing, because you have 
 seen in him that large sympathy which is born of 
 noble traditions and great duties .? Do you not feel 
 that his influence has extended far beyond the limits 
 of our own communion, because he has recognised 
 the breadth of his obligations and moved among you 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 33 
 
 as the representative of the whole diocese ? Do you 
 not feel that the forty- five houses of God, which have 
 risen in answer to his appeal, the seventy "sons of 
 his house," whom he has sent to minister to you, 
 witness to a force gathered froni old times, quickened 
 but not created ? Do you not feel that that unity, 
 for which we all are longing, has been brought a little 
 closer to us, when all Durham looks to him as the 
 natural leader in every movement for education, for 
 temperance, for social purity ? I have a right to use 
 a personal argument. He who wisely uses the re- 
 sources of an institution is the interpreter, and, in 
 some sense, the measure of its power. The great 
 man is the sign of the great society. 
 
 And for us to-day the largest thoughts must take 
 a personal shape. I have just spoken of this building, 
 most religious in its solemn dignity, as a memorial of 
 an episcopate rich in abiding fruits, a memorial of 
 sacrifices offered and blessed, of prayers made and 
 answered. And it is in a true sense a living memo- 
 rial. For there is, indeed (would that we did not 
 forget it), between a gift and a bequest the whole 
 difference of life. The benefactor lives in his gift. 
 He himself works through it, and he enjoys the fruits 
 of its working. This Church of Ignatius places its 
 giver's long-chosen literary labours, which he post- 
 poned to his appointed charge, in connexion with 
 your services to Christ, in which he will find his great 
 reward. It offers to you, by its unique dedication, 
 
 W. S. 3 
 
34 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 the inspiring example of a new Saint. It has received 
 no material relics, but its very stones are the witness 
 of self-surrender. It holds no letters written in the 
 dust (as in the ancient ritual) by the bishop's staff, 
 but letters written by his love on the heart of him 
 who will minister in it. It teaches you to look 
 beyond England in order that you may feel your 
 debt and your duty. It reminds you of the wide- 
 spread glory of your spiritual ancestry, in which you 
 reckon side by side an apostle of the far East and an 
 apostle of the far West — Ignatius of Antioch and 
 Columba of Hy. It discloses, if- you study its me- 
 mories, the secret of spiritual transfiguration, from 
 weakness were made strong. It leads you to lessons 
 which bring the transfiguration home to all. 
 
 From weakness were made strong. Ignatius the 
 Martyr realised the fact. A late convert — an un- 
 timely birth — as he called himself, perhaps a former 
 persecutor, he would have been a name only if he had 
 nbt been called to die for Christ. The call revealed 
 the Saint. His work was martyrdom; and on his 
 triumphant progress to death he wrote the seven brief 
 letters which have given a type and inspiration to 
 later sufferers. As his passion drew nearer, Christ 
 drew nearer too, very and perfect man. " He had," 
 in the words which he is said to have addressed to 
 Trajan, " Christ in his breast." And there is a deep 
 truth in the late legend which tells how, "when his 
 " heart was cut in pieces, the name of the Lord Jesus 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 35 
 
 " Christ was found written in letters of gold upon every 
 "piece." That was his secret which he proclaims to 
 us. That was the spring of his passionate enthusiasm. 
 That was the stay of his power. He had Christ in 
 his breast : he was, according to his surname, "a God- 
 " bearer " {0eo(f>6po<;). Therefore he has a living voice 
 when he says to us to-day across the ages : The 
 Gospel " is not a thing of persuasive rhetoric, but of 
 " might." Its " charter is Christ's Cross, and Death, 
 " and Resurrection, and the faith that is through Him." 
 " The faithless are tombstones on which men's names 
 " only are written." "We lack many things, that God 
 " may not be lacking." " God promiseth union, and 
 " this union is Himself." " Let there be one prayer 
 " in common, one supplication, one mind, one hope, 
 " in love and in joy unblameable, which is Jesus 
 " Christ." " Pray without ceasing for the rest of 
 " mankind, for there is in them a hope of repentance." 
 " If the prayer of one and another hath so great force, 
 " how much more that of the Bishop and of the whole 
 " Church." 
 
 Such counsels, brethren, sink deep in our souls 
 when we confess this morning that God has given to 
 us the firstfruits of their accomplishment. From 
 weakness were made strong. The words have here 
 yet another, a more personal, a more touching appli- 
 cation. This Church was planned in grateful acknow- 
 ledgment of work fulfilled through years of unwonted 
 strength, has been consecrated in overflowing thank- 
 
36 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 fulness for strength renewed past hope, as it seemed, 
 for the work of years to come. That weakness done 
 away has made God (may I not say so ?) more clearly 
 visible. The future will be felt to be His gift even 
 more than the past. 
 
 Ten years ago it was my privilege to commend 
 your Bishop to your prayers when he was set apart 
 for his office at Westminster. I spoke then of his life 
 as I had known it for 30 years. I summed up all in 
 the phrase of the pilgrim-psalm — "from strength to 
 -'strength!' I sought to follow a progress of un- 
 broken vigour into another sphere. I sketched boldly 
 what might be expected from him in the field of 
 Christian statesmanship and Christian teaching. You 
 know how he has ruled the Diocese with the spirit of 
 counsel and the spirit of prophecy, how he has bound 
 hearts together by a pattern of work for love's sake, 
 how he has made way for calm and patient thought, 
 how he has used the opportunities of a great place 
 to shew that our English Church is, as I then said, 
 "destined by God to give expression to the social 
 " Gospel for which we are waiting." There has been 
 the advance "from strength to strength " for which I 
 dared to look ; and now God has shewn us, after a 
 season of anxious suspense, a nobler way "from weak- 
 " ness to strength" 
 
 He has shewn us the way with every sign of 
 gracious power ; and this way is open to the least 
 as to the greatest. All that is required of the heaven- 
 
FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 37 
 
 ward traveller who follows it, is perfect self-surrender 
 and perfect trust. Yielding himself to the Spirit of 
 God, the simplest believer will live with the power 
 of a divine life. He will aim, not at some crown of 
 privilege, but at shewing the capacities of the common 
 lot. He will commend by his practice the example 
 of untiring effort, and not of contented self-indulg- 
 ence. He will keep the vision of his ideal tranquil 
 and pure, even when his efforts to reach it end in 
 confusion and failure. He will find the spring of his 
 joy in the certainty that the cause for which he 
 labours will conquer, and not in the particular success 
 which he may be enabled to achieve, — in the work 
 itself, and not in his part in it. He will welcome as 
 the criterion of faithful toil, not wealth or honour, but 
 help given to sad and weary souls. He will think 
 nothing lost, because he offers all to God, Who will 
 guard what He receives. He will think nothing im- 
 possible, because God, in His good time, will fulfil the 
 thought which He inspires. 
 
 So we come back to the apostolic message from 
 which we began. The gift of strength is followed by 
 the exercise of the gift, and crowned by its triumph. 
 The complete message is for all. May we then all, 
 without any nice calculation of our powers, make our 
 own this lesson of the Magnificat, this lesson of Igna- 
 tius, this lesson of our own glad experience, strength 
 from weakness, that God may use us, in the full 
 measure of our ability, to accomplish the work of our 
 
38 FROM WEAKNESS TO STRENGTH. 
 
 English Church for our nation, for Christendom, for 
 the world, " unto His greater glory." 
 
 Ad majorem Dei gloriam. The motto of the 
 Spanish Ignatius comes to us with a purer light, 
 unchequered by one cloud of human ambition, one 
 stain of human faithlessness, from Ignatius of Antioch. 
 We welcome it as the sign of all which will be done 
 here in the days to come — strength from weakness 
 unto the greater glory of God. 
 
III. 
 
 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
They go from strength to strength; every one of them 
 appeareth before God in Zioii. 
 
 Ps. Ixxxiv. 7. 
 
 Westminster Abbey, 
 
 Sunday after Christmas, 1889. 
 
We have all pondered at some quiet time this 
 Psalm of human pilgrimage and divine fellowship, of 
 human aspiration and divine fulfilment (Ps. Ixxxiv.) : 
 this Psalm in which the solitary exile confesses that 
 his soul can find satisfaction only in worship, his feel- 
 ing and his sense only in the recognition of a living 
 God : this Psalm in which he acknowledges with a 
 tenderness taught by sorrow that his King and his 
 God offers the shelter of His altar to the humblest 
 creature which He has made. 
 
 We have all felt in the course of the chequered 
 years something of the bitterness of unsatisfied desires, 
 something of the desolateness of the way by which 
 we must travel, something of the fruitlessness of the 
 labours on which we have spent our force. 
 
 And there are those in every age to whom God in 
 His great love makes known the transforming power 
 of His Presence: who look to Him and find in every 
 longing the sign of a new joy, in every lonely place 
 a gate of heaven, thronged with messengers of mercy, 
 in every disappointment that appointed season of 
 darkness which is the prelude to the harvest (John 
 xii. 24). They go from strength to strength: every one 
 of them appeareth before God in Zion. For such, the 
 
42 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 vision of God is the source of energy and the goal of 
 effort. The life of man is indeed, in the phrase of 
 an early Father, the vision of God — vita hominis visio 
 Dei — and yet this is not the fulness of the truth. The 
 life of man is that he stands before God and bears 
 the light of that ineffable glory. It is not that he 
 sees God, with faculties feeble and intermittent, but 
 that he appears before God, that he feels, in other 
 words, that God sees him, sustaining and purifying all 
 on which His eye rests with a compassion which is 
 unchangeable. Thus the exact phrase fixes our con- 
 fidence on that which cannot fail. Our vision of 
 God clouded and incomplete, is made possible by 
 God's vision of us, which is perfect and uninterrupted. 
 Not so much knowing Him as known of Him, not 
 so much seeing as seen, we have the assurance that 
 our loftiest thoughts answer to His inspiration, and 
 our largest hopes to His counsel. 
 
 We have all, I say, often pondered these things. 
 We have often called up before our minds the image 
 of a life moving through every variety of circumstance, 
 through achievements and delays, through discipline 
 and sorrow, with one unbroken tenor of fruitful 
 service, and then shewn at last as being what it ever 
 has been, a life fulfilled in the face of God. 
 
 So the words of the Psalmist will always have 
 many applications fertile in lessons of hope and 
 encouragement. Here and today they are to me 
 the record of a life which has been a great part of my 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 43 
 
 own life, the simple experience of a friendship of forty 
 years, a friendship which, at this most solemn time, 
 does not seem so much to have been interrupted as 
 to have been consecrated for evermore. 
 
 Tkey go from strength to strength : every one of 
 them appeareth before God in Zion. Ten years ago, 
 when it was my duty to commend the Bishop of 
 Durham to the prayers of this Congregation in view 
 of the charge which was then entrusted to him, I 
 used the iirst clause to express what I knew and 
 what I hoped, what I knew of his work as a scholar, 
 what I hoped for his work as a bishop ; and at his 
 enthronement he himself chose as the inspiring watch- 
 word for his future labours the assurance which com- 
 pletes the joy of God's servants, they shall see His face 
 (Rev. xxii. 4). Now, as we humbly trust, "life's 
 "pilgrimage ended," to borrow his own words, "he ap- 
 " pears in the eternal Zion, the celestial city, where is 
 " neither sun nor moon, for the glory of God doth 
 " lighten it mid the Lamb is the light tliereof" ' ; and 
 I venture to use the whole verse as the fitting sum- 
 mary of a life completed in the Lord — completed 
 according to one law, from strength to strength, from 
 the strength of faith and conflict to the strength of 
 sight and fruition. 
 
 " A life completed in the Lord" Yes : with the 
 deepest sense of personal bereavement, I must hold 
 that the life on which we look is a true whole. I 
 
 ' Guardian, May 21, 1879. 
 
44 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 cannot speak of it as incomplete. It is true that we 
 confidently looked for fresh treasures of scholarship 
 to be brought out of his accumulated stores : for more 
 proofs of that just and vigorous administration by 
 which, as one said to me who could speak with author 
 rity, he had made his diocese of one heart : for more 
 counsels of calm and sober judgment in seasons of 
 perplexity : but all these would only have been further 
 illustrations of the nature which we knew already. 
 The type was fixed, and recognised, and welcomed ; 
 and a noble character is more than noble works. It 
 is an inexhaustible source of life like itself. Produc- 
 tiveness is measured by power of quickening. And 
 never have I felt before as I feel now the vitality of 
 all true work : the certainty that all true work is in 
 one sense complete. 
 
 What then, you will ask me, is the secret of the 
 life of him to whom we look this afternoon with 
 reverent regard } It is, in a word, the secret of 
 strength. He was strong by singleness of aim, by 
 resolution, by judgment, by enthusiasm, by sympathy, 
 by devotion. In old days it was strength to be with 
 him : and for the future it will be strength to re- 
 member him. 
 
 I. He was strong by singleness of aim. No 
 thought of self ever mingled with his most laborious 
 or his most brilliant efforts. He neither sought nor 
 avoided praise or emolument or honour. He was sent 
 by his Master's commission to bear witness to the Truth. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 45 
 
 If the Truth was imperilled he put forth all his powers 
 to guard it. If it was established, his end was reached. 
 In that spirit, as I know better than any, he could 
 claim for others that which was his own by right, and 
 rejoice if they obtained successes which he could 
 easily have made his own. In all things he gladly 
 submitted himself to what he called "the exacting 
 " tyranny of an unselfish love." If he rejoiced, as he 
 did rejoice, in Auckland and Durham, it was that he 
 might be vividly reminded of the responsibilities 
 which were attached to his inheritance, and feel 
 through their salutary discipline "the blessing of 
 " great cares " crowned by unsparing munificence. 
 He gratefully acknowledged his debt to the past, 
 and he wished to write the acknowledgement on his 
 own gifts. He attached to the Scholarship which he 
 founded at Durham the name of the greatest scholar 
 among his predecessors, Richard de Bury. The 
 banded quatrefoil piers in S. Ignatius' at Sunderland 
 — his thank offering for the work of ten years — were 
 made at his request after the pattern of those at 
 Auckland that they might mark for ever the origin 
 of the daughter church. 
 
 2. He was strong by resolution. His care and 
 calmness in forming a decision were matched by his 
 inflexibility when it was once formed. "You cannot 
 "tell," he said to me as we walked together in the 
 gardens of Trinity on the last evening of his Univer- 
 sity life, " what it costs me to break up the home of 
 
46 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 " thirty years, and abandon what I thought would be 
 " the work of my life-time." I did indeed know some- 
 thing of the agony of that week in which he was 
 seeking to learn his duty. I could not altogether miss 
 the meaning of the tone in which he said at last with 
 trembling lips, " I have decided : I go to Durham." 
 But when the choice was once made, from that time 
 forward Cambridge was nobly forgotten. There was 
 not one look backward : not one word of regret. I 
 can well believe that the years which followed were 
 " the happiest of his life," for they followed on an act 
 of complete self-sacrifice. 
 
 3. He was strong by that sobriety of judgment 
 which commands the old, and that fire of enthusiasm 
 which wins the young. His interest centred in the 
 fulness of human life. Speculation had comparatively 
 little attraction for him. Even this limitation of 
 his intellectual character increased his influence 
 and effectiveness in dealing with concrete facts. He 
 shrank from indistinctness and indecision. Nothing 
 " visionary," nothing that men call " mystical," marred 
 the effect of his masculine reasoning. He knew 
 equally well how to be silent and how to plead his 
 cause with keen and persistent eagerness. As long 
 as he was free, he spoke not because he had an 
 opportunity for speaking, or because he was ex- 
 pected to speak, but because he had a message to 
 deliver ; and then he pressed his conviction with an 
 eloquence which has hardly yet been duly recog- 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 47 
 
 nised. In argument and in exposition he preserved 
 a true sense of proportion. His learning was al- 
 ways an instrument and not an end. No investiga- 
 tion of detail ever diverted his attention from the 
 main issue. He mastered two outlying languages, 
 Armenian and Coptic, in order to deal more surely 
 with the secondary materials of the Ignatian contro- 
 versy, but no ordinary reader would know the fact. 
 For him the interpretation of ancient texts was a 
 study in life. He held books to be a witness of some- 
 thing far greater, through which alone they could be 
 understood. A Greek play, or a fragmentary inscrip- 
 tion, or a letter of Basil, or a Homily of Chrysostom, 
 was to him a revelation of men stirred by like pas- 
 sions with ourselves, intelligible only through a vital 
 apprehension of the circumstances under which they 
 were written. He was a born historian. " How I 
 " long," he said to me more than once, " to write a 
 "history of the Fourth Century." If he has not 
 written it, he has shewn how it must be written. So 
 it was that he found the Holy Scriptures to be, as he 
 was never weary of proclaiming, living oracles, the 
 utterances of the Spirit through living men, articulate 
 with a human voice as long as souls strive and faint 
 and exult in God. So it was that he delighted to 
 note the contrasts in St Paul's words and acts, that 
 he might realise and convey to others the conception 
 of a teacher striving, even as we may strive in our 
 measure, to overcome ignorance and prejudice by the 
 
48 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 versatile power of an unlimited love. So it was that 
 in his Commentaries he sought to lead students be- 
 yond thoughts and rules. " If," he said, " we would 
 " learn what [St Paul] held to be [the] essence [of the 
 " Gospel], we must ask ourselves what is the signifi- 
 '' cance of such phrases as ' I desire you in the heart 
 " ' of Jesus Christ,' ' To me to live is Christ,' ' That I 
 "'may know the power of Christ's resurrection,' 'I 
 " ' have all strength in Christ that giveth me power.' 
 " Though the Gospel is capable of doctrinal exposi- 
 " tion, though it is eminently fertile in moral results, 
 " yet its substance is neither a dogmatic system nor 
 "an ethical code, but a Person, and a Life\" 
 
 4. He was strong by breadth of sympathy. Sym- 
 pathy is indeed the necessary offspring of the historical 
 spirit. No one can study the Bible, no one can study 
 the New Testament, with open eyes, and fail to see 
 how the one Truth receives homage now in this form, 
 now in that ; how it transcends the contents of every 
 human system ; how the fact of the Incarnation requires 
 for its complete expression the ministry of all ages 
 and of all men ; how it gives to all believers an 
 inspiration of unity and teaches that uniformity is 
 impossible. 
 
 Twice, on representative occasions, as some among 
 us may remember, he enforced the principle of Christian 
 sympathy with characteristic vigour, and laid down 
 
 ' Preface to the Commentary on the Epistle to the Philippians. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 49 
 
 firmly its essential limitations. Once', when speaking 
 to undergraduates at Cambridge on " the enormous 
 "power which lay latent in the heart of each, even 
 "the weakest," he gave them for their raoXto All things 
 are yours and ye are Christ s ; and charged them with 
 burning words " as the heirs of eighteen Christian 
 "centuries" to use every gift as servants of one sove- 
 reign Lord. Ignatius the martyr, he said, is yours, 
 and Athanasius and Francis of Assisi, and Luther 
 and Xavier, and Wesley, because " after all they are 
 " only broken lights of Him who is the full and perfect 
 " light," because you and they are Christ's. The im- 
 memorial annals of life are yours, he added, if I may 
 paraphrase his words, and yours too all the results of 
 physical analysis and construction, because you and 
 these are Christ's, Whom God appointed Heir of 
 all things, even as He made all things through 
 Him. 
 
 And again when he offered in his loved St Paul's 
 counsel to the friend of his boyhood for the organisa- 
 tion of " a fresh diocese under unique conditions '' he 
 summed up all in the application of the apostolic 
 phrase : / am made all things to all men, that I m-ight 
 by all means win some. [You too], he said, will strive 
 to " become all things to all men — to the miners as a 
 "miner, to the Cornishmen as a Cornishman, to the 
 "Wesleyans as a Wesleyan, though you are a 
 
 ' JlavTa i/uon, a Sermon before the University Church Society, 1873, 
 pp. 27, 36 f. 
 
 W. S. 4 
 
so FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 "Churchman — that [you] may bring all together in 
 Christ'." 
 
 Yes : The law of our Christian accommodation is 
 the paramount duty of winning followers not for our- 
 selves, or for our party, but for our Master. The 
 condition under which our boundless wealth may be- 
 come a blessing to us, is the unceasing sense that we 
 are not our own, but bought by His blood. All real 
 sympathy, in other words, rests on a spiritual basis : 
 all lasting cooperation is a service to a common Lord. 
 
 So he taught, and so he laboured at Cambridge 
 and at St Paul's, and at Durham and at Lambeth 
 with " an energetic fervour of zeal" to use the words 
 in which he himself described the requirements of our 
 Episcopate "a large sympathy of love, a quick insight 
 "and a calm judgment, great caution, great bold- 
 "ness, a staunch tenacity of conservatism, a ready 
 " fertility of innovation V No real difficulty was too 
 trifling for his considerate regard, or too great for his 
 courageous endeavour. He undertook nothing with 
 half his power. Whatever he did was wrought from 
 his whole heart. He gave himself, and therefore he 
 was able to claim from others no less than he gave. 
 
 As he loved his University, he was among the first 
 to make its resources and its spirit minister to the 
 
 1 All things to all men, a Sermon preached in St Paul's Cathedral 
 on St Mark's Day [1877] at the consecration 0/ the first Bishop of Truro 
 pp. 14 f- 
 
 2 Id. p. 15. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. S I 
 
 higher education of the whole country. As he loved 
 his College, he sought untiringly to use its power for 
 the reinvigoration of the larger life of the University. 
 He drew from his unsurpassed knowledge of the early 
 growth of Christianity an answer to the charge of in- 
 adequate results brought against modern Missions. 
 He gave wise counsel and encouragement to the novel 
 efforts of the Church Army. The causes of coopera- 
 tion and temperance found in him a courageous ad- 
 vocate. The cause of purity is identified with his 
 name. The seventy "sons" whom he has left in the 
 Diocese, trained for their ministry under his roof, will 
 never forget that he charged them to claim for Christ 
 every interest of life ; and the respectful crowds of 
 pitmen and artisans, the closed shops and drawn 
 blinds of the colliery villages, through which he was 
 borne two days ago to his chosen resting-place, shewed 
 that the charge has not been in vain. 
 
 5. In all these ways he was strong ; but the last 
 secret of his strength, as it must be of our strength, 
 was his devotion to a Living God, as he worked from 
 hour to hour "face to face with the glory of the Eternal 
 " Father shining full from the Person of Christ'." The 
 Christ Whom he preached was neither an abstraction 
 of theology nor a Christ after the flesh, but the Creator, 
 Redeemer, Fulfiller, present by the Spirit sent in His 
 Name in the individual soul, and in humanity, and in 
 the universe, bearing all things by the word of His power 
 1 Id. p. 16. 
 
52 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 to their appointed end. He knew, and he lived and 
 thought and wrote as knowing, that the Incarnation 
 is not a fact only of one point of time, but an eternal 
 truth, through which all experience and all nature 
 laid bare to their sternest realities, can still be seen to 
 be divine, a present message from Him in Whom %ve 
 live and move and have our being. And we may well 
 be thankful that the last words on which he looked 
 with failing sense were the expression of his own faith 
 through the pen of St Paul : T am persuaded that 
 neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor 
 things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, 
 nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate 
 us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our 
 Lord. 
 
 Brethren, however imperfectly the portraiture may 
 have been sketched, yet we can all feel that it is the 
 portraiture of a true man, of a true Christian, of a 
 true Churchman, of a true father in God ; of one 
 who felt that no prescription can absolve us from 
 the duty of grappling fearlessly with new or un- 
 heeded facts, and wresting a blessing from them ; 
 who felt that the confession of Christianity belongs 
 to the ideal of a nation ; who felt that our own Com- 
 munion is not of to-day or yesterday, but in its 
 essence the bequest of the apostles, and in its form 
 the outcome of our English character and our English 
 history. Does it not stir, and encourage and inspire 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 53 
 
 us ? Does it not chasten and restrain us, and bid 
 us learn from the past the true measure of our own 
 controversies and trials, and feel that we too live in 
 the presence and by the power of the Ascended 
 Christ ? 
 
 There is on all sides a strange and demoralising 
 uneasiness, a suspicion of insincerity in the main- 
 tenance of the old faiths. We do not dare to look 
 boldly on the dark places about us, and they become 
 fertile in appalling phantoms. " There is," a shrewd 
 observer said sadly to me, "just a faint ring of un- 
 " certainty in most of the professions of belief which 
 " are made publicly." Is it then nothing to hear, as 
 it were from the grave, the voice of one whom none 
 ever dared to accuse of incompetence or inadequate 
 knowledge, or to suspect of holding a brief for a 
 cause to which he had not committed his own soul : 
 " I believe from my heart that the truth which this 
 " Gospel [of St John] more especially enshrines — 
 " the truth that Jesus Christ is the very Word In- 
 " carnate, the manifestation of the Father to man- 
 " kind — is the one lesson which, duly apprehended, 
 " will do more than all our feeble efforts to purify 
 " and elevate human life here by imparting to it 
 " hope and light and strength, the one study which 
 " alone can fitly prepare us for a joyful immortality 
 "hereafter'." 
 
 1 The conclusion of a Lecture delivered in 1871, and printed in the 
 Expositor iox 1890. In a prefatory note the Bishop adds: "Looking 
 
54 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 There is again a pessimism among many thought- 
 ful men born of intellectual isolation. We see little 
 and it seems to be sad. We substitute minuteness of 
 knowledge for breadth of view. The record of a day 
 or a year may seem to shew how " good struggles but 
 " evil reigns." The creature of an hour might prove 
 conclusively to his fellows that the setting of the sun 
 would bring in the end of life ' 
 
 Is it then nothing to hear an utterance which 
 comes back to us after two months with unspeakable 
 solemnity : " It was the strain, both in London and 
 " at home, in connexion with this Pan- Anglican 
 " gathering which broke me down hopelessly. I did 
 " not regret it then, and I do not regret it now. I 
 " should not have wished to recall the past, even if 
 " my illness had been fatal. For what after all is 
 " the individual life in the history of the Church .■' 
 " Men may come, and men may go,... but the broad, 
 " mighty, rolling stream of the Church itself — the 
 " cleansing, purifying, fertilising tide of the river of 
 " God — flows on for ever and everV 
 
 There is, once more, a perilous and half-uncon- 
 scious wilfulness among us. We have lost through 
 our insularity the instinct and the spirit of obedience. 
 
 " over it again after this long lapse of time, I have nothing to withdraw. 
 " Additional study has only strengthened my conviction that this narra- 
 " tive of St John could not have been written by any one but an eye- 
 " witness.'' Expositor, ^&u. 1890, pp. i f. 
 
 ^ I cannot recall where I read this most suggestive parable. 
 
 ^ Address to the Diocesan Conference, Oct. 1889. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. SS 
 
 We are proud of our independence ; and we grow- 
 hastily confident, perhaps only through the con- 
 fidence of others. We are convinced in our own 
 minds, and we will not allow that which we honestly 
 believe to be called in question. 
 
 Is it then nothing to hear from one who spoke 
 with a ruler's responsibility of the hopes and dangers 
 of our Church : 
 
 " Her mission is unique ; her capabilities and op- 
 " portunities are magnificent'." "She is intermediate, 
 " and she may be mediatorial when the opportunity 
 "arrives^." "Shall we spoil this potentiality, shall 
 " we stultify this career, shall we mar this destiny, 
 " by impatience, by self-will, by party-spirit, by 
 " misguided and headstrong zeal, by harsh words 
 " embittering strife, by any narrowness of temper, or 
 " of aim, or of view .'' ' " " by a lawless assertion of 
 •' self-will which obtrudes its own fancies at all 
 " hazards, by a reluctance to welcome zeal in others 
 " when overlaid by extravagance, by a too great 
 " importunity in urging at unseasonable moments 
 " reforms which are wise and salutary in themselves, 
 " by a too great stiffness in refusing to contemplate 
 "the necessity of any reforms ^" "A grave respon- 
 " sibility — no graver can well be conceived — rests 
 " upon us all. Never were our hopes brighter ; never 
 
 1 Primary Charge, 1882, p. 93. 
 
 ^ Address to the Diocesan Conference, Oct. 1887. 
 
 ^ All things to all men, p. 13. 
 
56 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 " were our anxieties keener ; never was there greater 
 ■' need of that divine charity which beareth all things, 
 " believeth all things. Happy they who so feel, and 
 " so act ; for theirs is the crown of crowns'." 
 
 He did so feel, so act, and, as we trust, he has 
 that crown of crowns. 
 
 I said that I could not admit that the life towards 
 which we have looked, a life which may be summed 
 up in three clauses, "from strength to strength," "from 
 weakness to strength," " from strength to the rest of 
 God," can be rightly called incomplete. I will dare 
 to add that it will be through our own want of faith, 
 if that which is our personal sorrow becomes a loss to 
 the great cause which it is our joy to serve. The 
 departed are for us at length all they aspired to be. 
 The reverence with which we honour them reveals to 
 us the capacity for good which is still left to us. 
 Life passes off from them fuller and purer than before. 
 They rule the living not only by a physical necessity 
 but by a spiritual influence. They speak with a 
 changeless authority. Their voice — the voice which 
 we have just heard — comes directly to the soul. 
 
 Once before within our recollection a voice from 
 the deathbed was made to us a messenger of peace : 
 God grant, in His great mercy, that this voice from 
 the tomb may be filled with no less virtue to confirm 
 our hearts and to stay our divisions. 
 
 ' Primary Charge, 1882, p. 93. 
 
FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. S7 
 
 Then shall we feel why we are taught in our 
 Communion Office to "bless God's holy Name for all 
 " His servants departed this life in His faith and fear," 
 not with a pious complacency which costs us nothing, 
 but with a strenuous endeavour to follow the example 
 which we have studied. 
 
 So, brethren, let us all now beseech God with the 
 intense supplication as of one man in Christ Jesus that 
 He will give us grace, to learn each in our appointed 
 office, the lessons of His servant's accepted service: 
 grace to feel the infinite vastness of the Truth which is 
 given to us not to supply material for empty specu- 
 lation but strength for the accomplishment of duty : 
 grace to take earnest heed lest through any impatience, 
 or irreverence, or carelessness on our part some weaker 
 brother may be tempted to unreflecting dogmatism, or 
 superstition, or pride : grace to strive untiringly to 
 understand others and to be understood, as knowing 
 that there is room among us for every variety of loyal 
 zeal : grace to review with thankful and true hearts 
 the grandeur of our inheritance and the far-reaching 
 issues of our brief stewardship : grace to bring our 
 gifts of reason and knowledge, of character and place, 
 our opinions and our arguments, silent and prostrate, 
 before the presence of God, and to take back for use 
 only that which has borne the purifying light of the 
 Eternal ; grace to recognise as the law of our several 
 lives, "from God, in the face of God, unto God." 
 What strength, what patience, what self-control, 
 
 W. S. S 
 
58 FROM STRENGTH TO THE REST OF GOD. 
 
 what humility, what hope, what cleansing of every 
 spiritual sense will then follow, for the healing of our 
 manifold distresses. 
 
 It is told, that when Bishop Butler drew near his 
 end he asked his chaplain if he also heard the music 
 which filled his own heart. The music was not 
 unreal because the untrained ear could not catch its 
 harmonies. And it may be that if our whole being 
 is henceforth set heavenwards we shall hear when we 
 are crossing waste places, as it seems, in loneliness and 
 sorrow and inward conflict, the great hosts by whom 
 we are encompassed taking up our human psalm, and 
 saying in our souls : They go from strength to strength: 
 every one of them appeareth before God in Zion. 
 
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