'!!''■'"'!' W', rl'i". -Ji !i 1>G 4/ mi (Cornell Hninetaitg SIthrarg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT PtiND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 / jAjM-ris^^ MAY 2 1949 Cornell University Library DG 41.M81 Travel among the ancient Romans. 3 1924 028 271 991 The original of tliis bool< is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028271991 ON THE APPI.VN WAY TRAVEL AMONG THE ANCIENT ROMANS BY WILLIAM WEST MOONEY, Ph.D. ProSessor of Classics, Adelphi College BOSTON RICHARD G. BADGER THE GOEHAM PRESS W COPTBIGHT, 1920, BT RiCHABD G. BaDGEB All Rights Reserved f^So^S^S Made in the United States of America The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. XJxari mece hunc librum dedico INTRODUCTION M;y purpose in writing this book is not to present anything new about Travel Among the Ancient Romcms but to put into one volume the essential facts connected with this topic. Not only have I gone to the original sources in collecting my material but I have also freely used many manuals and larger works dealing with different phases of this subject. I take pleasure in thanking Drs. C. W. Keyes and G. A. Harrer, members of the Classical Department of the University of North Carolina, for reading my manuscript and making many valuable suggestions. The "Extent of Travel" together with its subdi- visions in the first chapter is merely an epitome of what is found on this topic in Leonard A. Magnus' Translation of Friedlander' s Roman Life amd Ma/n- ners. This courtesy was granted me by E. P. Dutton and Co. Through the kindness of Longmans, Green and Co. the illustrations, with two exceptions, found in tjjis book are photostatic reproductions from Rich's Dictionary of Roman and Greeh Antiquities. The publishers of Daremberg and Saglio's DictioTmaire des Antiquites Grecques et RoTnaines have cour- Introduction teously consented to my using such maps as are found in this volume. The American Book Co. has granted me permission to make a quotation from Hebermann's Bv^mess Life in Ancient Rome and to use one illustration from Place's Beghmimg Latvn. With the consent of the Macmillan Co. I have put in the fourth chapter two plans, with their descriptions, of Pompeian inns found in Mau-Kelsey's Pompeii Its Life and Art. W. W. MOONEY Adelphi College, Brooklyn, N. Y. May, 1920 CONTENTS CHAPTER FAQB I. MlSCEUANEOUS 13 Roman roads — ^Main roads issuing from Rome — The post system — ^The diploma — ^Routes of travel from Rome to various parts of the Empire — ^Extent of travel — Guides — Journeys for knowledge — ^Professors — ^Educational centers — Artists and performers — The sick — ^Merchants — Army and navy — ^Jews and Chris- tians — ^Places visited — Gaul and Spain — ^Italy — Sicily — Greece — ^^gean Islands — Asia Minor — ^Egypt — ^Things of interest to tourists — ^Historical element — Art — ^Nature — ^Traveling-maps and guide-books — Itin- eraries — ^VicareUo Cups. n. Travel on Land 63 Animals used in travel — ^Riding equipment — ^Ways of moimting — Manner of hitching — Packsaddles — Pre- tentious retinues — Imperial retinues — ^Non-Roman ret- inues — ^Unpretentious retinues — ^Wives as companions — ^Retinues of Roman officials — Slaves in retinues — Articles taken on journeys — Money (banking) — Shoes — Hats — Poenula — Lacema — Tunic — Wrap- pings — Trousers — Food — Utensils — Other articles taken by travelers — Superstition in travel — Brigandage — Speed of travel on land — ^List of land journeys — Vehicles — Arcera — Ardma — Bastema — Benna — Carpentum — Carruca — Carrus — Cisium — Clahulare (.Angaria; Parangaria) — Covinus — Easedum — Lectica — Petorritum — PUentum. — Plauatrum — iJfflia — Sarracum — Sella — Tensa. Contents CHAPTEB PAGE EQ. Travel on Wateb 117 Oars — Sails — Winds — Seasons for sea-traffic — Seasickness — Wrecks — Vows — Piracy — Custom- houses (on land and water) — Irregularity of ships — Alexandrian ships — Ships for officials — Private ships — Chartered ships — Fares — Quality of ships, crews, etc. — State regulations for ship-owners — Elaborate ships — Painting of ships — ^Distance-measurer on ships — Food and utensils on ships — Mode of dining on ships — Sizes of ships and numbers aboard — Marine insurance — ^Light- houses — Speed of ships — ^List of voyages — ^List of Latin words for vessels. IV. LODQINQ 149 Tie of hospitality — ^Acquaintanceship — Unwelcome guests — Guests hard to please — Villas and deversoria — Bented houses — Tents — Roman officials — Foreign officials — Tnn.q and innkeepers — ^Location of inns — ^Tav- erns attached to farm-houses — Municipal inns — Inns in desolate places — Names of inns — Prices at iims — Ordinary inns — Comfortable inns — ^Innkeepers — Com- petition among innkeepers — ^Regulation of eating- places — ^Food at inns. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE I. On the Appian Way Frontispiece II. Roman bridge 14 III. Roman milestone 14 IV. Riding-equipment . 65 V. Packsaddles 66 VI. Yoke for horses 67 Vn. Shoes and hat 76 Vni. Tunic 77 IX. Pcenula 77 X. Arcera 86 XI. Areima 87 XII. Basterna 87 Xm. Benna 88 XIV. Carpentum 89 XV. Carruca (supposed form) 91 XVI. Carrus 9!! XVII. Cidum 92 XVin. Clabvlaris 93 XIX. Leclim 96 XX. Pilentum (supposed form) 99 XXI. Plamtrum 100 XXII. R