i WtiL CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library T 825.G1P85 International exhibition, 1876.at Phiiad 3 1924 021 899 574 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021899574 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 I'EtlXj^IDEXj XJ^. C^TALOGMJE, DEPARTMENTS I. II. III. IV. V. MINING & METALLURGY. MANUFACTURES. EDUCATION AND SCIENCE FINE ARTS. MACHINER^^ y..a4iM PORTUGUESE SPECIAL CATALOGUE, INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876 AT :f'I3:ixj..a.X)EIj:f'E3:i.^. PORTUGUESE SPECIAL CATALOGUE. DEPARTMENTS I., IL, III., IV., V. MINING AND METALLURGY. MANUFACTURES. EDUCATION AND SCIENCE. FINE ARTS. MACHINERY T lusmQ Rr- EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES IN PORTUGAL. DEPABTMENT I. BureOM of Mines. JOAO BAPTISTA SCHIAPPA D'AZEVEDO, Chief. '.ers : JOAO I'EEREIBA BBAGA, | FEANCISCO FEBEEIBA EOQUETTE, LOUEENCO MALHEIB,0, | PEDEO VITOE DA COSTA SEQUEIEA. DEPAETMENTS 11, III, IV, AND V. Committee of the Society for the Promotion of the Fdbril Industry: ANTONIO AUGUSTO D'AGTJIAB, Director of the Industrial Institute of Lisbon, President, DANIEL COEDEIEO FBIO, JOAQUIM MOEBIBA MAEQUES, MANUEL DE CAEVALHO EIBEIEO VIANNA, IZIDOEO THOMAZ DE MOUEA CAEVALHO, MANUEL GOMES DA SILVA, JOSE CAETANO D' ALMEIDA NAVAEEO, ANTONIO ADEIANO DA COSTA, FIEMINO SEIXAS, FEANCISCO JOSE LOPES FEEBEIEA, MATHEUS FEBEEIBA, ANTONIO DOS SANTOS MIGUEIS, JULIO JOSE PIEES, HENEIQUE PEEEIEA TAVEIEA. AT OPOETO : GUSTAVO ADOLPHO GON^ALVES E SOUZA, Director of the Industriallnstitute of Oporto. AT AZOEES ISLANDS: OFFICIAL COMMISSION OF PONTA DELGADA. COMMISSION AT PHILADELPHIA. INDUSTEIAL DEPABTMENT: LOUEENCO MALHEIBO, Commissioner. Assistant Commissioners : ANTONIO JOSE ANTUNES NAVAEEO, JOEGE CANDIDO BEEKELEY COTTEE, THOMAZ VICTOE DA COSTA SEQUEIEA, Secretary. 3!v£E.A.s^:JI^:E]s ot^ zp'oie^t-cto-.^il. LENGTH. 1 metre = 39.a7 inches = 3.28 feet. 1 kilometre = 3280 feet = 1093 yards. SURFACE. Hectare = 2.4714 acres. Are = 1076.43 square feet. Centare ^= 1550.06 square inches. CAPACITY. Cubic metre = 1.3047 cubic yards. Litre = 1.05672 quarts. WEIGHT. Gramme = 15.4323 grains. Kilogramme = 2.20462 Ibs.Avoirdupois. Ton = 2204.62 lbs. Avoirdupois. MONEY. 1$ 000 = $1.0815 gold. 1 £ English, legal tender in Portugal, = $4,866 gold. INDEX. DEFARTMEXVT I. t Administrative Board of Ponta Delgada Artificial Worka 94 Administrative Board of the Sul- phurous Baths of Cabeco de Vide 99 Administration of the Mint and Stamped Papers 99 Agostinho Francisco Velho and others 58 Alonfo Gomez , 51 Antonio Martins Henriques & Co. 61 Barreto, Antonio Tavares 81 Bento Eodrigues d'Oliveira 80 Bento Eodrigues d'Oliveira and Simoes A. Guerreiro 61 Bernardo Daupias & Co 57 Board of Sabicheira Parrish 81 Brites, Antonio Pereira 98 Bureau of the Districtal Works of Ponta Delgada 95 Bureau of Mines 81-112 Carlos Goldbeck and Maximiliano Schreck 78 Carlos Frederico Blank 60 Carvalho, Wenceslau Martins 81 Cardozo Junior, Jos^ Pereira Ill Civil Governor of Portalegre 99 Compa. de Minerapao de S. Pedro doSul 79-111 Compa. da Mina de Telhadella... 64 Compa. Portuguesa de Minerapao de Cobre 65 Compa. de Minerapao de Eetanho de Tras-os-Montos 77-111 Compa. de Minerapao Transtagana 65-74^113 Compa. Uniao Industrial 80 Conde de Farrobo 78 Diederick Mathias Teuerheerd & Co 52-55-111 Direction of Mondego and Figueira Bar Works 82 Direction of Public Works of the District of Coimbra 86 Dii'ection of Public Works of the District of Leiria 87 Direction of Public Works of the District of Aveiro 87 Direction of Public Works of the District of Oporto 88 Direction of the Public Works of the District of Vizeu 89 Direction of the Public Works of ■ the District of Braga 90 Direction of the Public Works of the District of Vianna do Cas- tello 91 Ernesto Deliguy 75 Extremoz Marble Quarrying Co.. 93 F. A. de Vasconcellos P. Cabral.. 80 F. D. Teuerheerd 76 Ferreira & Souza Ill Fialho & Irmao 100 Freitas, Albino Jos^ de 100 George Elliot 49 Giron, Don Jos^ 50 Joao Correa d'Oliveira 78-112 Joao Gonpalves de Moraes 60 Lisbon Dyeing and Cotton Print- ing Co 99 Lourenpo 'Malheiro, Mining En- gineer 113 Lusitanian Mining Co., limited. ..56-63 Manilha, Francisco dos Santos ...94^99 Mauricio Kamp 52 Maximiliano Schreck and Mauri- cio Kamp 63 Moncorvo Iron Mines 50 Monges Iron Co., limited 47 Neuville, Luiz 99 Official Commission of Ponta Del- gada 105 Pedras Salgadas Mineral Water Company 100 Preseveranpa Co 61-76-112 Easca Cement Exploring Com- pany 99 Eato, Antonio Moreira 96 Sales, Germano Jose de 93 Santos, Joaquim Antunes dos 97 Silva, S. A. P. da & E. A.Marques 113 Sociedade Descobridora das Minas de Cortes Pereiras 62 Sociedade da Mina da Malhada... 67 The Vallongo State and Marble Quarries Company, limited 97 Thomaz Sequeira and Eduardo Carneiro d'Andrade 66 Vidago Mineral Waters Company 101 Visconde de Bessone 98 Visconde de Freixo 59 Visconde Mason de 8. Domingos.. 67-111-113 DEFARTIVXISXVT II. Albuquerque, Dr. Caetano d'An- drade 27-35 AleoHa, Joao Thom^ 17, 19 Alexandre, Henrigues 42 Almeida, Germano de 46 Almeida, Jacintho Pacheco de... 27 Almeida, e Silva 20 Alves Junior, Antonio 64 Andrade, Albano Abilio de 63 Anjos & Co 25 Anjos, Cunha, Ferreira & Co 26 Antonio Baptista Moreira & Ir- mao 19 Antonio da Camara 64 Antunes, Jeronimo Jos6 42 Araujo, Jos^ Antonio 68 Araujo, Antonio Jos^ Barboza de.. 39 Areu, Manuel Joaquin de Silva... 46 Augusta, Maria da Piedade 67 Aurificia Company 52 Avellar & Miranda 67 Bahia, Antonio Jos^ Rodriguez... 43 Bahia, Gustodio JosiS Rodrigues... 44 Bahia & Genro 22, 27 Balsa Cotton Factory 22 Bandeira, Antonio Souza Brito e Maldonado 5 Baptista, Joao Guerreiro 27, 68 Barbosa & Costa 17 Barboza, Josd Antonio 67 Baroneza de Samora Correa 5 Barreiros, Francisco Isidoro 46 BeiroUas, Antonio Manuel 69 Bernardo Daupias & Co 35, 46 Bibianno, Antonio Alves 32 Bivar, Jeronimo Coelho d' Almei- da de 5, 50 Bolhao Cotton Printing Factory.. 26 Boim & Co.... 10, 12, 13 Borges, Joaquim Antonio 13 Borges, Manuel da Cunha 20 Branco, Anna Delfina 5 Brandao, Jos^ Marcal 38 Braga, Joao Jos^ de Souza 9 Braga, Manuel JosiS Vieira 42 Brum, Caetano de 27 Bruno da Silva 20 Cabo Mondego Mining & Indus- trial Co 16 Calheta, D. Maria Ferreira da.... 43 Camara D. Hermelinda Gago da.. 28 Camara, Manuel da 50 Campolini, Miguel 1^ Campo-Grande Woolen Fabrics Co 32 Campos Mello & Irmao 32 Candido, Coimbra 1^ Canto, D. Anna Adelaide do 28 Cardozo, Joao Thomad..: 64 Cardozo, Jos^ Pereira 59 Cardozo, Manuel Joaquim 42 Carneiro, Francisco dos Santos.... 41 Carranquinha, Joaquim Antonio. 14 Carvalho, D. Anna Candida Leo- nor da Costa 50 Carvalho, D. Isabel Candida Alves 28 Carvalho, Joaquim Jos6 46 Carvalho, Manuel de 69 Carvalho, Maria da Conceicao.... 54 Carvalho e Mello, A. J 59 Castello Branco, Joao Ferrao da Silva 5 Castro, Joao Vaz Pacheco de 28 Cerquinho, Francisco AugustoVaz 52 Coelho, Francisco 11-12 Coelho, Jos6 de Souza 41 Collafo, Manuel Matheus 32 Collapo, Manuel Martins 28 Conceifao, Umbelina da 32, 43 Conqueje Manuel 14 Constant Burnay 33 Coral, Jaonna Maria Dias 50 Costa, Antonio d' Almeida & Co... 11, 12 Costa Basto & Co IS Costa Braga & Co 43 Costa and Carvalho 33 Costa, Clemente Joaquim 36 Costa, Joaquim Scares 7 Costa, Jos^ Antonio da 42 Costa, Rodrigo de Campos 9 Cooke & Co 6 Coutinho, A. & Filho 53 Coutinho, 3os6 Maria da Camara.. 56 Couto, Guilherme do 52 Crestuma Spinning Co 22 Creswell & Co 6 Ci'uz, Joao Maria 66 Cruz, Luiz Ferreira de Souza 69 Cuco, Jos^ Maria 11, 12 Cunlui, Augusto Mendcs 55, 64, 69 C'unha, Jos^ Alves 14 Cuslodio& Silva , 33 Dabney, E. L 20, 41 Dabuey S. W 43, 50, 54, 68 David, Josd d'Azevedo 55 David Jos^ da Silva & Filho 39 Delaye, Hipolito 49 Deligny Preres 3 Department of Public Works 9 Dias, Antouio 46 Dias, Eodrigo Antonio Ferreira... 23-28 Diogo, Manuel Antonio 55 Direction of Public Works of the River Mondego and Figueira Bar 6 Drack Junior, Jos^ E. Guimaraes.. 60 Etur, Augusto Frederico 26 Esmoriz, Manuel Ferreira de 8 Falleiro, D. Barbara Eita Fer- nandez 28 Fanfarrao, Joao 14 Ferreira, D. Joanna E....44, 51, 54, 68 Ferreira, Jos6 Bento 46 Ferreira, Joao Jos6 60 Figueiredo, Joaquim de 61 Filippa, Piteira 36 Florencia Serrana 43 Fonseca, Manuel da Motta 38 Franco, Pedro Augusto 62 Fraternal Association of Weavers and correlative arts 23 Freitas, Feliciano Gabriel de 57 Galiano, Manuel Aspres de Olive- ira 57, 62 Goes, Francisco Emilio de 50 Gomes, F .^ 47 Gonp alves, Jeromino Ferreira 65 Gonfalves, Manuel Joao 33 Gonjalves, Eibas & Co 55 Guerra, Antouio Jos^de Souza.... 65 Guilherma, Maria 33 Guimaraes, Balthasar Jos6 Pere- ira 28 Guimaraes, Custodio Jos6daSilva41, 47 Guimaraes, Custodio Lopes da Silva 41, 47 Guimaraes, Joao Carvalho 69 Guimaraes, Joaquim Mendes de... 64 Guimaraes, Manuel Mendes Eibei- ro 29 Gragera, Dr. Antonio Maria Men- des 62 Guerra, Joaquim Baptista da Silva29, 38 Herdeiros de Manuel Custodio Moreira 39 House of Correction 47 Jacob Ben-Saude 65 Jeronimo Martins & Filho 68 Jesus, Manuel Vicente 62 Joao Antonio 12, 14 Joaquim, Maria 67 Joao Eodrigues de Deus & Co 26 John Davies 50 Jose Gaudencio 67 Jorge, Diogo 49 Juan Domingo 10 Judioe, A.J i 6 Lallemant Freres 58 Lamego, Antonio da Costa 11 Lanpa, Francisco Pereira da 29 Leandro, Manuel 34 Leite, Francisco de Paula 6 Leite, Tito Jos^ 23 Leitao & Irmao 53 Lemos & Antunes 65 Lemos, Joao Gonjalves 57 Lima, Anna Julia da Conceijao... 51 Lima, Bernardo de Abreu 54 Lima & Carvalho 44 Lima, Guilherme A. E 62 Lima, Joao Bernardo d' Abreu 54 Lisboa, Jos6 Balbino da Silva & Co 57 Lisbon Cotton Dyeing and Print- ing Co 27 Lisbon National Printing Office... 58 Lisbon Spinning and Weaving Co. 23 Lobao & Fereira 53 Lordello Woolen Fabrics Co 34 Machado, Julio Eodrigues 41 Machado, Manuel 21 Mafra, Manuel Cypriano Gomez Mafra 14 Magalhaes, D. Anna Maria Bar- boza 59 Magalhaes, Francisco Thiago 29 Maia & Silva, Filho & Gonpalves.. 44 Manuel Antonio da Silva & Filho. 60 Manuel Joaquin de Lima & Filho. 40 Manuel Jos6 Ferreira da Silva & Filho 65 Manuel Leite Pereira Irmao 15 Manuel Fernandes 37 Manuel Eodrigues Gaspar 17 Marpal, Joao Lopes 11-12 Margarido, Manuel d'Oliveira 21 Maria Barroga 35 Maria Jos6 67 Maria da Saiga 44 Marinha Grande Eoyal Glass Works 18 Marques, Joao da Eosa 15 Marques, Josd Antonio 55 Marques Junior, Manuel Martins. 53 Martins, Alberto Cypriano 11, 13, 15 Mattos, Antonio de 68 Mattos, F. C. Pereira 21 Melindre, Joaquim de Oliveira 21 Meirelles, Antouio Moreira de Souza 6 Mello, A. Jos^ Teixeira Mello, Gil Travares 29 Mello, Jos6 Carneiro de 24, 29 Mesquita, Pedro 3os6 29 Michon, Andr^ 16 Mira, Jos^ Paulo de 11, 13 Miranda & Filhos 6 Mirrado, JosS Pedro Mendes 34 Moedas, Jos^ 11, 13 Montes, Manuel Alvares 24, 29, 36' Moreira, D. Maria Jos^ 29, 36 Motta, Augusto Antonio da 40 Moutinho, Luiz Pinto 53 Moutinho de Souza, F. Successors.. 53 Nabinho, Jos^ da Fonseca 51 National Rope Yard 30, 67 National Silk Spinning and Weav- ing Co 37 Navarro &' Co 8 Nepomuceno, Manuel 59 Netto, Antonio Eugenio Bello 37 Neuville, Luiz 10, 12, 13 Neves, Balbina das 34 Nobre, Jos^ Eodrigues Furtado... 30 Nobreza, Frederico Augusto da Silva 62 Nogueira, Francisco 3os6 40 Nogueira, Manuel Augusto 30 01iv«ira, Balthasar Pinto 67 Oliveria, Gaspar Jos^ 60 Oliveira, J. F. de 51 Oliveira, Manuel de 66 Official Commission of Ponta Del- gada 44 Oporto Glove Co 49 Oporto Industrial Institute 64 Oporto Spinning Co 24 Oliveira, Gaspar Jos6 60 Oliveira, J. Fd 5. Oliveira, Manoel de 66 Official Commission of Ponta Del- gada 44 Oporto Glove Co 49 Oporto Industrial Institute 64 Oporto Spinning Co 24 Paclieco, Antonio Vaz 30 Pacheco, Francisco Gomes 65 Paclieco, Francisco Jeronymo 30 Pacheco, Joao Vaz 30, 36 Padronello Woolen Fabrics Co.... 34 Paiva, Manuel Joao 47 Paixao Jor, Antonio Augusto 43 Panada, Joao Luiz 20 Passes, Augusto Fructuoso 55 Paula, Antonio Jos^ 44 Pedro Maralha 19 Pedrosa, D. Maria Jos6 Lopes 7 Perdigao, Miguel S. E 35 Peixoto, JosiS Eodrigo 65 Pereira, Luiz Maria 47 Pereiras Irmas 44 Peres, Joaquim Manuel de Mattos 8 Pignatelli, Jos6 da Cunha 36 Pilao e Luzes, Antonio d'Oliveira e Joao Gomes Leite 60 Pimentao, Antonio Ayres 1-5 Pimentel & Queiroz 40 Pinho, Guilhermina d'Oliveira.... 54 Pires, Joao de Jesus 63 Pires, Joao Luiz 7 Ponte, Jos^ Caetano da 36 Portalegre Woolen Mfg. Co 35 Portuguese Government 15 Prado Paper Mill Co 57 Queiroz, 3ob4 Sequeira Pinto de... 8 Queiroz, Antonio Gonpalves de.... 27 Eamalho, Jos6 da Cunha 45 Eamos, Joaquim Antonio 56 Eamires & Eamires 39 Eaul Mesnier 57 Eego, A.P 43 Eei, Jos^ Joaquim 62 Eesende, D. Barbara 30 Eesende, Francisca de 36 Eio Jr., Joao do 13 Eio Vizella Spinning Co 24 Eocha, Francisco Jose da Silva ... 56 Eodrigues, Jos6 Pereira 63 Eosa de Mattos 30 Salgueiro, Nuno Freire Dias 63 Santos, Antonio Marques dos 22 Santos, Ascencio Jos^ 31 Santos Brites, Maria Gomes e Eosa Gomes dos 51-58 Santos Chaves, Augusto Prudencio 17 Santos & Irmao 18-45 Santos, Joaquim Antunes dos 66 Santos, Jos6 Marques dos 22 Santos, Narcizo Jos^ 77 Santos, Manoel Moreira 64 Santos, Eocha Moreira 66 Santo Thirso, Antonio dos Eeis .... 21 Schalk, H 19-66-54 Schofield, John Howarth 15 Shurman, Adolfo 63 Seabra, Jos^ dos Santos 53 Sericola Egyptaniense Co 37 Sequeira, Francisco Pinto 48 Serra, Filippe Jos^ 48 Serzedello & Co 4 Silva, Antonio Moreira 45 Silva, Agostinho Freire da & Co.. 38 Silva, Bernaridno Antunes 50 Silva, Diogo Monteiro da 9 Silva e Alves, Antonio Jos6 Pe- reira 38 Silva, Joaquim de 68 Silva, Joao Baptista 70 Silva, Joao d'Oliveira 70 Silva, Jos^ Francisco da 35 Silva, JosiS Gonpalves 18-19 Silva, JosiS Pinto da 31 Silva, Julio Pereira da 48 Silva, Manuel Dias da 21 Silva, Miguel da 15 Silva, Manuel Jos6 Francisco da... 39 Silva, Miguel Manuel da 48 Silva, Silverio Augasto Pereira & Antonio Marques Moura 7 Simoes, Clara Rosa 36 Soares, Jos^ Nogueira 48 Soares, M. E. d'Oliveira 11 Souto, Rodrigo Alves Martins 48 Souza, D. Maria Magdalena de... 54 Souza, Jos6 da Cunha Alves de... 49 Souza, LuizAugusto 70 Souza e Silva, Antonio Josg 25 Tagus & Sado Lowlands Co 7 Tavares, Francisco Antonio 59 Tavares, Jos^ 68 Tavares, Laureano 69 Tavares, Rita de Jesus 51 Teixeira, Carlota Mathilde 52 Teixelra, D. Maria Amalia 31 Teixeira, Jos^ Rodrigues 53 Tenorio, Francisco Domingos 9 Themudo, Maria Eduarda 52 The Primary School of Barcellos.. 52 The Portuguese Government 20-31-44^49-52-54-56-66-68 Thereza de Jesus 53 Thomar Royal Spinning Co 25 Torlades O'Neill 7 Torres Novas Spinning and Wea- ving Co 31 Torres, Felioiano Luiz 10 Trindade, Joaquim Antonio 56 Valenfa, Domingos Fernandes 45 Vasconcellos, Jos6 de Souza Pe- reira 40 Vianna, Antonio Martins 49 Vicencia, Rosa 35 Victoria, Jos^ Gonpalves de 16 Vieira, Agostinho Jos^ 9 Viscount of Alcacerdo Sal 7 Vista Alegre Porcelain Manufac- tory 16 Viuva Burnay 8 Viuva Barbosa Marinho 31 Viuva de A. Roxo 45 Viuva Ferreira Campos & Co 41 Xabregas Cotton Manufacturing Company 25 DEFARTIMENT III. Administrative Board of Ponta Del- gada Artificial Harbor Works. . . 81 Aranha, Pedro Wenceslau de Brito 73 Araujo, Joaquim Gomes 79 Bayao, F. A. Pinheiro 81 Basto, Antonio Pinto 79 Cabral, AfForiso do Valle Coelho.. 79 Department of Finances 74 Direction of Mondego and Fi- gueira Bar Works 81 Ernesto Chardron 74 Ferraz, Jos6 Libertador de Ma- galbaes 74 General Administration of the Mint and Stamped Paper 86 General Direction of the Geodeti- cal, Topographical, Hydro- graphical, and Geological La- bours 82 Godolphin, Costa 73 Lecrenier, Nicolau Jos^ 81 Lisbon Industrial Institute 74r-78 Magalhaes e Moniz 74 Mengo, Francisco da Silva 74 Moraes Sarmento, Antonio Eva^ risto de 75 Motta, Jos^ Maria da 79 Observatory of the Infante D. Luiz 76 Oliveira, Justino Gomes de 79 Oporto Industrial Institute 75-76-82 Pereira Coutinho, D. M. da Franpa 78 Pereira, Custodio Cardozo 80 Pereira, Verissimo Alvares 79 Pery, Gerardo A 82 Portuguese Civil Engineers' As- sociation 75 Prostes, J. C 75 Queiroz, G. Jos6 de 74 Eiibeiro, Domingos Candido d' Al- meida 80 Koyal Association of the Portu- guese Architects and Archeolo- gists 75 Sanhudo, J. Ferreira 80 Silva, Joaquim Possidonio N. da Silva 75 Silva, Silveiro Augusto Pereira da 81 Society for the Promotion of the Fabril Industry 86 DEFARTIVIISMT IV. Abreu, Severiano Job6 89 Almeida, Jos^ Joaquim de Aze- vedo 89 Aurificia Company 94 Braga, Antonio Pereira da Silva.. 92 Brito Aranha, Pedro Wenceslau de 91 Biel, E. & F. Bruett 92 Camacho, J. T 93 Commercial Associaltion of Oporto.91-95 Campolini, Miguel 89 Costa, Antonio Almeida da & Co.. 89 Cruz, Luis Ferreira da Souza 94 Ferreira, Manuel Jos^ Souza 93 Fonseca, Antonio Correa da 93 General Administration of the Mint and Stamped Paper 90 General Direction of the Geodeti- cal. Topographical, Hydrogra- phioal, and Geological La- bours 91 Mendes, Malaquias Jos^ 90 Mollarinho, J. Amaldo Nogueira. 90 Nunee, Henrique 93 Eato, Antonio Moreira 90 Eeis & Monteiro 92 Belvas, Carlos 93 Rio Junior, Joao do 90 Eoyal Association of the Portu- guese Architects and Archeolo- gists 90 Eochini, Francisco 94 Sequeira, Thomas 91 Silva & Santos 90 Souza Fernandes 93 Venancio, Domingos 95 DEFARTlVEISIirT V. liva: -A. O lEI I IST E 15 -Z" . Castro, Joao Vaz Pacheco 101 Coutinho, Antonio Eamos daSilva. 100 Cruz, Luiz Ferreira de Souza 101 Guerra, Joaquim Baptista da Silva. 100 Joao Gonoalves 100 I Jos6 Lamas & Co 100 Oporto Industrial Institute 99 Pilao e Luzes, Antonio d'Oliveira e Joao Gomes Leite 102 IDEIF^IS'X'JivdlElSTI' I. MINING & METALLURGY DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE COMPILED BY LOUEENgO MALHEIRO, P. V. DA COSTA SEQUEIRA, MINING ENGINEEES. MINERAL RESOURCES OV PORTUGAL MINING LAW. _ I2I0 — The most ancient document that is known relative to mijies, is of the year 1210, during the reign of King D. Sancho 1., and it had for its object the making of a donation of a tithe of the gold of Adica to the Order of Santiago. _ There did not exist any general law. The mines belonged exclu- sively to the Crown, and they were worked by the King, or by private parties to whom by a special diploma permission was granted to mine. The concessions thus made to private parties were always regarded as a privilege and a grace, which the King bestowed on his favorites. The privilege was always temporary, and the miners paid a royalty to the Crown, which generally was at the rate of the "fifth part" of the produce. King Duarte's Law (1433-1488.) — The above regimen lasted until the reign of King D. Duarte (1433-1488), period in which the first mining law of Portugal was promulgated. By thLs law every one was allowed to work mines in any place. The miner naid a royalty of "two tithes" of the produce of the mine, whenever the same was located on lands belonging to the Crown ; but if it was located on private property, the said impost was equally divided between the proprietor and the King. The miners paid be- sides that a certain entrance fee in order to obtain the grant, and a fixed annual tax. This law was not, however, rigorously observed, and the conditions imposed on the concessions were very changeable. The period of the concession was sometimes fixed, and again its terms were not defined. It seems that the new principle of the pro- prietor's participation in the profits of the mines was always preserved. King D. Manoel's Law, 1516. — The law of the King D, Duarte remained in force until 1516, the date at which the second decree on mines, known under the title of " Eegimento de Ayres do Quental " was promulgated by King D. Manoel. The fundamental principle of King D. Duarte's decree was done away with entirely in this second law ; the proprietor remained without any rights at all over the miner's interest ; the mining prerogatives did remain with as much plenitude as in the time of the kings before D. Diiarte. The proprie- tor had the right to demand indemnity for the damages caused to his cultivated fields, but was obliged to allow the. cutting down of wood for the fpundries, without any redress whatever. The impost continued to be a " fifth," but the miner was obliged to sell his metals to the King's stores at a fixed price, which was below the market price. Therefore, the ii^posts paid by the miner were far in excess of 20 per cent, of the production. This law retarded very much the development of mines. 1557. — In the year 1557 a new decree was promulgated, which, without altering the fundamental basis of King D. Manoel's law, aad the advantage of permitting the free sale of the metals ; but later en- actments restrained this faculty in regard to certain metals, the others remaining subject to forced sales. The tax continued to be a "fifth, but the fisc invented a new way to raise that impost ; whenever a mme was bringing in profits the King could take a fourth himself, contribut- ing towards its workings with proportioned expenses; so that, the miner, besides paying an impost of 20 per cent, on the produce, found himself obliged to give to the King 25 per cent, of the net proceeds. Under such a regimen the mining interests got into such a deplorable state that further regulations promised premiums to any one who should discover any mines, but the demands of the fisc continued so severe that the premium, by itself, was not enough to promote the development of mines. 1801. — With the purpose of reanimating this industry, almost ex- tinct, "A General Superintendence of Mines and Metals of the King- dom" was created in 1801, under whose immediate control the mines were explored, the Government defraying all expenses. This new method was by no means productive of any better results, which was a defect of the system. At the end of this regimen there were to be found hardly four mines in operation — two of coal, one of antimony, and one of lead — of which only the coal mine of "S. Pedro da Cova" was able to realize any net profits, which were employed in assisting in the outlay of the others. The " General Superintendence of Mines and Metals of the King- dom " did but prove once more how impossible it is fqr any industry to prosper under the management of any Government. 1836. — By an ordinance (potraria) of the 6th of August, 1836, a grant was given to the lead mine of Bragal, and the decree of the 25th of November of the same year, reaffirming said ordinance, put an end to the privilege which the State since the year 1801 had arrogated to itself, of working the mines on its own account. But the decree of the 25th of November granted only the temporary use of the mines, the State reserving to itself the right of possession ; the industry not finding, therefore, in the law sufficient guarantee for its own free development. 1850. — The above law was kept in force till the year 1850, and during that period of 14 years only 35 mines had received concessions. The decree of the 25th of July, 1850, came to promote the creation of the mining property, consecrating the principle of concession for an unlimited period. The decree of 1836, to a certain extent, became completed by that of 1850 ; the former, by abolishing the privilege of the State, created the right to the mines ; the latter created the mining proprietorship. This law lasted until 1852, and during this period no new grants were made. 185*?. — The decree of the 31st of December, 1852, adopting the fecund principle of the former and improving some of its regulations, opened a new era of prosperity to the mining industry. By accepting the basis of -the French law of the 21st of April, 18lO, this decree regulated the separation of the superficial and sub- terranean property, circumscribed the rights of the proprietors and of the grantees, and the discovery of mines found, in the decided advan- tages conceded to the discoverer, a very powerftil incentive for its progressive development. The fundamental principles of the present law are the following : Every one who should discover a mine has the right to its grant, whether it be located in his soil or not. The proprietor of the soil is obliged to consent to the working of the mine. The miner is obliged to give the owner of the soil previous security for the indemnization of the damages he may cause. All grants are made for an unlimited period. The general conditions under which i grant is made, are : To keep the mine in active' operation ; carry on the labors with safety, and pay the imposts to the Government. The impost is of 5 per cent, of the net product of the work. The owner of the land receives half the quantity paid to the Government. The grant may be set aside, should not the grantee satisfy the con- ditions under which it was made. In such a case the property remains belonging to the State, and the Government can grant it anew at auction. The objects of concessions are the deposits of metallic substances and the saline and combustible deposits. The area granted to the metallic mines is about 500,000 square metres, and for the combustible ones of 100,000. The law of the 31st of December, 1852, did evidently contribute very much towards the mining progress in Portugal ; with all, this law could not fulfill the present requirements of the industry, and placed real impediments in its development. The mining industry of France is, as yet, being regulated chiefly by the law of the 21st of April, 1810; and, in spite of the administrative regulations that followed in succession, and the laws that have succes- sively improved the original one, the French operators never cease demanding new legislative reforms. 6 Prussia, which adopted the law of 1810, forced by the pressing de- mands of the industry, substituted it with the one of June 24, 1865. Englanri, which has successively reformed several times its law of the 10th of August, 1842, again, on the 10th of August, 1872, pro- mulgated its last law, revoking all former legislation, and introducing all the requirements that the short experience of ten years, counting from the time of the last law, deemed necessary. Amongst us the experience of twenty years has shown us the defects of the law of 1852, and the necessity of its being reformed. A simplification- of the process for obtaining the concessions ; a more complete and much better defined creation of the mining property than at present; a clearer determination of the mutual relations between the concessionists and the land-owners ; the organization of safeguards of the mines, clearly defining the administrative power and the relations between the administration and the grantees; the organi- zation, so often asked for, of a new system" of imposts, are many reasons for the reformation of the actual law. All these reforms are objects of a new law, which probably will not be delayed very long, for all those that have any action more or less direct in its promulgation are of accord on the necessity of a reform. II. MINING INDUSTRY. IRON. The iron deposits are found in great quantities in all the provinces of the Kingdom, and in several geological formations. The deposits of Mancorvo, without doubt the most important of Portugal, occupy a zone of 10 kilometres long and about 1700 metres wide. They are constituted by oligist iron, which is found in large masses between the laurentian schists. This deposit will be specially described at the end of this paragraph. The hematites form the extensive deposit of Quadramil in Tras-os- Montes, which have an extension of 6 to 8 kilometres, with a thickness sometimes of 20 metres. They crop out between the laurentian schists, stretching N.N.W.* In Alemtejo are notable the deposits of Monges, Ayres, Zambujal, and S. Bartholomeo. These deposits form beds between the laurentian schists, altered by the granites that crop out at some four kilometi-es to the south. *AU directions refer to the magnetic meridian, which in Portugal has proximately the direction of N. 20° W., true. e. f i i.ae AmoDg these the most important deposit is the one of Monges moun- tain, whose outcrops follow each other at a distance of about one kilo- metre, attaining at some places a thickness of 30 metres. Between S. Thiago do Cacem and Odemira, occupying a zone of 20 kilometres long by 4 wide, there occur several iron lodes associated with manganese, following a general direction of N. 70° E. These lodes show in their outcrops very remarkable thicknesses. The pre- dominant ores are the hematites. The principal gangues are quartz and sulphate of baryta. The enclosing rocks are the argillous schists of the lower carbon- iferous period. The Jurassic formations of the province of Extremadura, district of Leiria, contains magnetic iron lodes distributed over a great surface. The deposits of Mendiga, Serro Ventoso, and Arrimal, at- the environs of Cabe90 do Veodo, are worthy of note, where a bed of Jurassic pit- coal exists. The coal-bed of Chao Preto is cut through by an iron lode. There exist other deposits of iron which, on account of not being of suflBcient importance, we will pass them in silence. ' Of all these deposits, the only one working is that of Monges moun- tain. The ores of this mine are at present all exported. The fall in the price of iron in England placed the Monges mine in difficult circumstances for the exportation, and the Mining Company thinks of establishing furnaces at Barreiro, landing place in Tejo, and importing the necessary coke for its foundries. The iron metallurgic industry, whose existence in ancient times is attested by^the large piles of rubbish that were found in many mines, disappeared in Portugal with the two furnaces of Foz d'Alge, whose activity lasted since the beginning of this century till 1830, Yet afterwards the " Portuguese Coal and Iron Company," which owned in the district of Leiria ten coal and iron mines, made a metal- lurgic attempt, building a furnace at Pedrianes, near to Marinha Grande, where there is a large forestal property of the State with a surface of 10,000 hectaras of maritime pines. The labors of those mines having commenced in 1865 were totally abandoned in 1868, the attempt having failed. At present the metallurgic industry does not exist in Portugal, not- withstanding that this country possesses extensive iron deposits. Th^ resolution adopted by the operators of the iron mine of Monges mountain is, perhaps, the only one. that can possibly take advantage of the large masses of ore that the country possesses, seeing that the coal resources are relatively small. Iron mining in Portugal, only for exportation purposes is, if not impossible, at least, very difficult. Tlie Moncorvo Iron Mines. — The ferriferous region of Moncorvo begins trom near the town of Torre de Moncotvo to Cabe90 da ]Mua, in an easterly direction, resembling a belt having a length of ten kilometres by about two of width. These mines belong to the " concelho" of Moncorvo, district of Brabanga. Almost all the fer- riferous region was divided into 33 legal grants. The total surface allotted to these 33 grants was of 1710 hect. 54ar. lucent, giving an aggregate surface to each grant of 51 hect. 83ar. 47c6wi. The map of these mines is exhibited at the Portuguese Section. The requisitions for these different grants were made by — Adolpho Leuschener 1 No. 1 Francisco J. C. Aulete 5 Nos. 2 to 5 Joao Pacheco de Eezende..... 21 Nos. 7 to 11, Nos. 14 & 19 to 22 Victoriano J. G. da Roeha 2 Nos. 12 & 13 J. V. de Oliveira 2 Nos. 16 & 17 J. Christiano Keil 1 No. 16 J V. deCarvalho 1 No. 18 The culminating summits of the region have an altitude of 950 metres above the level of the sea. Relatively to the central point of the map (x) these mines are located in Latitude 41° 10' 11" North, and in Longitude 2° 10' 29" East of Lisbon. The magnetic delineation of the place is 20° 30' 16" West. The distance of the central point of these mines to the river Douro is of 10 kilometres, and their distance to a coast landing in Leichoes, near Oporto, is 173 kilometres. Description of the Deposit. — There are to be found in the ferrif- erous region of Moncorvo, two kinds of ore entirely distinct as to the manner in. which they lay, though they be of the same nature: the roehy ore and the gravel ore. The rocky ore is found forming the highest crests of the mountains of Rohoredo, Mindel, Gotovia, Carvalhal, Carvalhosa, and Mua, in the form of lenticular masses of great dimensions, all having a well-defined general direction. Each of these masses is subordinate to the stratifi- cation of the argillo-micaceous schists of the locality, which have a gen- eral direction of 75° N. to 80° E. in perfect harmony with tlie general stretch of the deposits. In each of these masses the ore presents itself in compact layers, with its plans of stratification well defined and in- clined like the connecting schists, 35 to 45° southward. In its structure the ferrugineous substance yet appears under a schistous form. The mineral masses of Moncorvo are generally constituted of aligiste- iron ore ; magnetites are also found, particularly in Alto do Chapeo, and hematites in the eastern slope of the Cabego da Mua, and also in Fragas do Carvalho. The assays made with some samples give the following results for metallic iron : Fragas dos Apriscos 58.6 per cent. " 48.0 " " 43.3 " Alto do Chapeo 59.2 " Gabego da Mua 56.8 " 42.5 " 47.4 " 47.0 " : 47.0 " Cabego da Mua 39.O " 46!o " 48.8 " 53.3 " Carvalhal e Garvalhosa ' 52 4 " 40.'0 " 53.0 " .' 44.3 " 28.0 " A complete assay gave the following results : Magnetic oxyd 0.1294 Sesqui-oxyd of iron 0.6585 Lime 0.0050 Insoluble waste 0.1645 Loss by fire f 0.0395 Phosphoric acid | Traces 0.9969 Yield in metallic iron 0.5495 The theory that attributed the formation of this order of deposits to emergent ferruginous springs, is well applied to Moncorvo. Every one of the emanating points of the metalliferous basin converted itself into the centre of a lenticular mass of ore; and as this plienomenon is contemporaneous with the depositing of the sedimentary rocks, the various ferriferous lents shape themselves into the form of an embedded mass in the layers of the schists. Studying the stratigraphical relations that unite the deposits of Moncorvo to others already known, many remarkable coincidences will be found. A maximum circle passing through Moncorvo in a parallel line to the Primitive of Land's End of the Pentagonal System adjusts itself exactly to the general direction of these deposits ; and the same circle prolonged would pass very near to the north of Sardinia, adjusting itself there in a parallel line with the direction of many iron deposits. The masses of rocky ore are found at a distance of a kilometre from the granites that crop out in a northerly and easterly direction, being divided by a band of schists which are covered by the gravel-ore. The granites must have certainly produced a metamorphic action on the mineral mass, contributing probably towards the formation of the magnetic iron that is to be found there; There are also found the outcrops of various veins of quartz, proxi- mately parallel to each other, crossing the ferruginous deposits and the connecting schists, extending themselves through the granites. These veins are sterile. Around the ferruginous masses that form the line of the mountain's summit, and at a distance of a kilometre to either of the sides, the soil is covered with a deposit of gravel ore of all sizes. 10 The meteorological agents operating upon those great pre-existing masses of ore slowly loosened the rock, and the detached blocks rolled down its declivities, thus accumulating in some places deposits _ oi thousands of tons. This phenomenon of denudation, which is yet being produced to this day, gave rise to what we call gravel-ore. In Moncorvo there are as yet no mining labors going on ; therefore, we have no basis on which to make a calculation of the quantity of ore existing there. The superiicial section of some of those masses is very remarkable. Some masses have a length of 500 metres by 200 of width. Supposing that the depth of these deposits is, at least, equal to its thickness, which is verified in the similar ones of Elba Island, Sardinia, and Mokta-el-Hadid, and is likewise verified in deposits of identical form at all the deposits in mass of manganese and of pyrites of Por- tugal and Spain ; the quantity of ore existing in the 33 grants of Mon- corvo, valued at a rough estimate, but sufficient to give an idea of the importance of these mines, is of fifty million tons, at least. The quantity of gravel-ore disposed over the soil, already out and ready to be loaded in wagons, is from ten to fifteen million tons at least. Means op Communication. — The working of the Moncorvo mines is subject to the existence of economical means of transportation that unites these mines with a landing near the city of Oporto. This communication can be established either by the Douro railroad, or by navigation. This last means appears a't first sight as the most economical and easiest of establishing ; but it would be necessary to overcome great difficulties and spend large sums to make the Douro river navigable, whose bottom is uneven by numerous falls, and its current generally very impetuous. As a means truly practical and relatively easier, the Douro rail- road, now under construction, is the one to be thought of. The logical terminus of this railroad is naturally the place where it will conjiect with the Salamanca railroad in Spain, and to reach said connection it must pass very near the Moncorvo mines, at the mouth of the SabSr river. The distance to be travelled in order that the ore may reach a land- ing-place in Oporto is of 170 kilometres. Economical Conditions. — The working of these mines is of great simplicity and economy. At the beginning, properly speaking, all the working expenses would be reduced to the gathering of the gravel- ore, which is already strewn and which may furnish 10 to 15 million tons. Later, the cutting of the rocky-ore would also be very easy, because it could be made to a great depth in the open air. The mountains where the mines are located have a height of about 100 metres above the level of the adjacent valleys, therefore, the establishment of inclined planes will very much facilitate the workings. The utilization of the ores is the most important and difficult question to solve. 11 Portugal has not enough coal to feed a metallurgic industry in pro- portion to the Moncorvo mineral resources ; it is necessary, therefore, to undertake the working of these mines either to export the ore, or import the eombustible, or to do both jointly. This last solution seems to us the most convenient and economical. In fact, the yield of Moncorvo ores varies between 45 and 55 per cent. Calculating cautiously all the expenses of a ton of ore from Moncorvo to the English market, it can be assured that all the ore of less yield than 50 per cent, cannot be exported with profit. Let us suppose, then, that a double transaction could be effected : to export the ore of higher yield than 50 per cent., and to inelt near the mine the ore of lesser yield, importing the combustible: by these means the expenses of transportation by railroad and by sea would be reduced to the minimum, because there' would be established return trips by both ways. The metallurgy of iron in Moncorvo would bring about the development of the works of the coal mines located in the vicinity of Oporto. The production of these enormous deposits could supply the markets of importation of Portugal, Spain, and Italy. In conclusion : 1st. The Moncorvo iron mines are sufficient to support in Portugal a large industrial establishment. 2d. The economical problem could be solved as follows : Exporting the ore of higher grade than 50 per cent., and the local metallurgic treatment of the inferior ore. 3d. To carry out. the metallurgical treatment, it becomes necessary to import the combustible. 4th. The importation of the combustible corresponding with the exportation of the rich ore, the tariff of the maritime and railroad transportation will be reduced to a minimum. 5th. Under these conditions the Moncorvo iron mines could be the basis of large iron industry in Portugal. MANGANESE AND IRON. The manganese and iron deposits follow each other in their plen- tifulness. . j- • j? The more characterized and distinct region occurs in the district oi Beia, occupying a large area in the " concello" of Odemira. These deposits occur under three different forms ; in lodes, superficial layers of schists impregnated by oxyd of iron, and in superficial layers, resulting from the cementation of the tertiary soil, which covers the subcarboniferous schists, with the oxyds of iron, presenting, therefore, the aspect of a ferruginous sandstone. The lodes are numerous enough, and very thick. The principal gangues are quartz, which are found in great masses, and baryta. The ores which compose the deposits are hematites and pyrolusite, either separate or intimately mixed. At several points these lodes have a thickness of 30 metres, and their outcrops are visible for a great distance. The deposits in layers are very numerous, but in 12 general of small extension and little depth ; the ore is, besides that, of low yield. The ferruginous sandstone occurs in small deposits, with an average depth of 2 or 3 metres, and occupying a small area. From all this region the deposits in lodes are the ones that seem to offer more guarantees. MANGANSSi:. The manganese deposits occur principally in Baixo-Alemtejo, irregularly distributed within a strip of land of about 40 kilometres wide, and in the direction of a line that passes through Mertola and Grandola. These deposits accompany very near, as well in Portugal as in Spain, the pyritous masses of both countries, and occupy about the same width of ground. They occur in masses of lenticular form, and always intercalated in the stratification of the slates, which belong in part to the silurian. and part to the subcarboniferous schists. Its general direction is N. 40° W., inclined to the E. They all belong to the same period in regard to the formation, and are entirely similar in their forms and prevailing features. Their almost constant characteristic is the existence of a bed of quartzites, more or less reddish, as a part of the deposit. The ore occurs either in the top or in the foot-wall of this bed ; it also often occurs between its own quartzites in veins or pockets. These quartzites seem to be owing to a special effect of metamorphism acted on the enclosing slates. The gangues of these deposits are the clays of the enclosing slates and the quartzites and quartz. Sometimes there also occurs the oligist iron and the baryta, but in small quantity. The species that forms almost the total production of the manganese is the pyrolusite. The more general yield of these ores varies between 65° and 70° chlorometric. The manganese mines are in general of very little depth. As a very singular instance, the Lagoas do Paco mine may be cited, which reached a depth of 36 metres. The thickness of these deposits is hardly in general of a iew metres, but their length may reach propor- tions relatively large. The labors are generally carried on in the open air, and few are the mines that need be worked by subterraneous labor. Its production is generally small, but the work is easy and demands small capital ; for that reason this industry has givou important results. The ores are almost all exported to England. LEAD. Lead is found in Portugal in as great an abundance as copper, occu- pying also very distinct zones. 13 The most important lead regions are found in the districts of Villa Real, Vizeu, Aveiro, Portalegre, and Beja. Near the borders of the Douro, embracing the "concelhos" of Armamar, Taboa90, and S. Joao da Pesqueira in the district of Vizeu, and the " concelho" of Sabroza in the district of Villa Real, there is found a very extensive lead region, which has been made already the object of a great number of concessions. These deposits are at present an object of researches. The enclosing rocks of this region are the macliferous slates of the Cambrian system. The lodes, which are a great many, seem to belong to three distinct groups characterized by their directions. Lodes N.W. to 15° E. Lodes N. 30 to 50° E. Lodes N. 75° E. The lodes are almost vertical, inclining a little to the N.W. those of the third system, and a little to the S.E. those of the others. The lodes of the third system occur metallized; on the contrary, ihe first and second are rather little, as verified in the Facuca mine ; but we do not think that the labors so far made are sufiicient to establish a general law. At the sides of Marao mountain, in the " concelho" of Villa Real, there occur some lead deposits. The labors that have there been done recently seem to reveal important lead deposits very argentiferous. The region of the district of Aveiro is to-day the most important ; it embraces the " concelhos" of Sever do Vouga and Castello de Paiva. There belong to these regions the lead mines of Bragal, Malhada, and Coval da Mo, in working operation, employing establishments for the mechanical preparation and metallurgical treatment, and likewise the one of Ribeiro da Lomba) which is commencing work and which shows already great importance on account of the yield of its argen- tiferous galenas and the constancy of its metallization. Some other lodes, are being known in this zone, which seem to belong to the same system. The deposits of this district may be referred in a general way to two very different systems, on account of their directions ; the lodes comprehended between N.E. and E.W., part of which have already a work ancient enough, and the lodes comprehended between N.N.W. - and N.W. There occurs yet another lead region between the "concelhos" of Arronches and Elvas, with small works. At the .chores of the Gruadiana, in the " concelho" of Mertola, district of Beja, there occurs also a zone of lead deposits, actually in pickings. There occur there numerous lodes with several directions, being the E.W. the most constant. Their outcrops are found distributed in a zone of 6 kilometres long by 2 wide. The enclosing rocks of these deposits belong to the lower carboniferous. 14 ANTIMONY. The sulphurets of antimony are found in Portugal in three distinct regions, and in different geological formations. Following the order of its antiquity, we first have to speak about the deposit of antimony in the "concelho" of Monte Mor, district^ of Evora, which occurs as a coht ict lode between the paleozoic schists and the granites. This deposit has a very irregular form, but occurs very much metallized. The principal antimonial region is found in the district of Oporto, m the " concelhos" of Gondomar, Vallongo, and Paredes. The deposits of this region seem all to belong to two distinct systems, characterized by their directions. Lodes ]Sr. 10 to 20° W. perfectly agreeing with the stratification of the schists and the lodes N. 30 to 60° E. They crop out between the schists of the silurian age. > In the " concelho" of Alcoutim, district of Faro, there occurs a de- posit of antimony formed by two lodes, one of which has the direction E.W. and the other that of N.W., agreeing with the stratification of the schists, and the only one in work. This deposit crops out between the argillaceous schists and grauwacks of possidonomise of lower car- boniferous age. The labors so far advanced show a great irregularity in the distribu- tion of the ore in the interior of the deposits. Among all, the Mont Alto mine is that whose metallization has been more constant. The ore occurs sometimes in concentrations very important and very pure. COPPER. The copper ores appear in Portugal in deposits of several forms. Deposits in veins ; deposits in mass ; deposits of contact. Deposits in Veins.— These deposits are very numerous through- out the country, and are found in soils of geological nature and age very different. In the district of Bragan9a the copper region occurs in the " con- celho" of Vimioso. These deposits occur enclosed in metamorphic schists adjacent to the granites that are notice(i to the east of Vimioso. None are acutally found in operation. In the district of Aveiro the copper mines occupy principally the " concelhos" of Albergaria and Oliveira de Azemeis. They occur in the metamorphic paleozoic schists. To the east of this mine occur also the granites. The Palhal, Telhadella, and Moinho do Pintor mines, now in active operation, belong to this group. In the district of Evora the copper region occui-s principally be- tween the granites, or in the proximities of the contact of the granites 15 with the schists. This region comprises a great number of deposits, very few of which have up to this day been hardly worked. _ It seems that the deposits of this region can be classified in two distinct systems ; one with a direction of about E.W., and the other with about the direction of N.E.-S.W. This division is made accord- ing to the direction, and shown also by the nature of the enclosing veins of each of these systems. In the first predominates the gangues of carbonate of iron, accom- panied with the quartz and calcite. In the second predominates the quartz accompanied by calcite and carbonate of iron in small quantity. The common ores are the pyrite, accompanied with oxyds and carbonates of copper. In the second system the pyrites occur more frequently than in the first. To the first system belong the mines of Commenda and Pecena, Alkala and Alkalaim, and Alpedreira; to the second, those of Sobral and S. Mangos. These veins, above all those of the first system, some- times acquire large thickness, which in some places reach 11 metres. These deposits yet preserve vestiges of large ancient labor. In the district of Portalegre the copper veins occur principally in the " concelhos" of Extremes, Villa Vicosa, and Alandroal. To this group belong the mines of Mostardeira and JBogalho, now in operation. To this region also belongs the mine of Azambujeira, whose labors were abandoned. All the others have hardly beginning labors. These deposits crop out between the laurentian schists and lime- stones. The veins seem to belong to three distinct systems by their direction and character. They observe the directions of N.S,, N.E,, and E.W. The veins N.S. have in general very irregular thickness, and some that have been experimented have shown themselves sterile ; and such are the mine of Cobres e Vieiros, Almagrera, and a vein N. S. of Bogalho min^. The veins E.W. are more regular, but the copper pyrites occur ex- tremely disseminated in the body of the vein and mixed with the arsenical pyrite ; therefore, its advantage is extremely difiicult to get. To this system belongs the Mostardeira mine. The veins N.E. are of less thickness, and contain richer ore. To this system belongs the vein worked in the Bogalho mine. To the south of Alemtejo, in the " concelho " of Almodovar, occurs another cupriferous region, now beginning labors. These deposits are enclosed by schists and grauwacks of the subcarboniferous period, and follow two distinct directions, N. 30° to 35° E., and N. 65° to 70° W. In the district of Faro, in the " concelho" of Alcoutim, occur veins whose directions are N. 60° to 65° E., and E.W. proximately. Deposits in Mass. — -These deposits are represented in Portugal by the mines of Changa, S. Domingos, Aljustrel, and Serra da Caveira. They belong to an extensive metalliferous strip which, with a width of 30 kilometres approximately, follows a general direction of N. 40° W. from Castillo de las Guardias, in Spain, to Grandola, in Portugal, a 16 distance of 200 kilometres. Within this strip occur all the deposits in mass of pyrites in Spain and Portugal. This phenomenon is entirely isolated, and the only one in the Peninsula. All these deposits have entirely identical characters, and belong to the same formation. They all have the form of a lenticular mass intercalated in the stratification of the schists, which in Portugal all belong to the silurian age. All their outcrops are very characteristic, and nothing is easier than to find the existence of a deposit of this order by their exterior features. In an area that corresponds approximately to that which is limited by the walls of the mass, occur large blocks of a rock of a brecciaform aspect, formed by oligist iron and fragments of schists ; in many places the schists are reduced to quartzites colored red by the oxyds of iron, limiting the walls of the mass. In the adjoining valleys occur very much a yellow rock, which in Spain they call it by the name of toba, and which is a breccia in which the oxyds of iron form a cement which wraps fragments of schists and rolling gravel. The waters taken out of the mine have with them dissolved a large quantity of sulphate of iron, which, by the decom- position in coming in contact with the atmospheric air, is transformed in subsulphate, and, in time, in oxyds of iron, constituting the cement of the toba. This rock is entirely difierent from that which composes the outcrops of these masses. The soil that is over the masses and which covers the large blocks of ferruginous schists occur very much decomposed, with a color pro- nouncedly red, owing to the quantity of oxyds of iron that they contain. In contact with the masses, in the vicinity of the deposits, occur almost always the pophyrs in mass, or the schists metamorphized by them. These deposits become also easy of discovery on account of the vestiges of ancient labors that they almost all contain, and above all, by the enormous piles of rubbish that are found in their vicinity. These works are principally attributed to the Romans, and the coins and other objects found in the course of work confirm this fact. In some mines, however, the workings cannot refer all to the period of the Roman domination, and it is supposed that formerly there must have been Phoenician workings. This fact is revealed by the piles of the same rubbish, which in many places are laid in two layers, sepa- rated from each other by a layer of vegetable soil, as was entirely verified in Tharsis and Rio Tinto. The ore occurs, in general, compact and with an aspect of great homogenity; accidentally ores occur of great yield, but in small quantity, and in limited zones. The ore shows from space to space plans of separation, a species of plans of cleavage, which cross each other in angles very much open. Slippery movements, posterior to the formation of the deposit, exer- cised under a strong pressure on the surfaces of contact, leave in some places a specular polish very charactersitic. The mines of pyrites of Portugal and Spain are to-day prepared for a total work of 800 to 1,000,000 tons. 17 The pyrites were at the beginning used in commerce for sulphur and copper. The ores, after being burnt to manufacture sulphuric acid, were handed to the copper founders, who used them as flux in the melting of quartziferous minerals. All the iron was lost. To these pyrites, afterwards, the wet way was applied, and by these means the sulphur, copper, and iron came to be utilized. It can be said in a general Way that these ores contain : Sulphur, 45 to 50 per cent. ; copper, 2 to 3 per cent. ; iron, 40 to 45 per cent. Deposits of Contact. — In the province of Algarve there appears a narrow zone of triassic soil. It extended along the littoral, following the sides of the mountains of Monchique and S. Barnabe. There lays immediately over that soil the limestone and clay of the Jurassic period, which extend to the south till near the coast. Jn the contact the copper ores occur, whose outcrops can be followed from Silves to Alte, a distance of 30 kilometres, with a direction N.E. to S.W. The places where, up to to-day, the greatest concentration of ore have been found, were in St. Estevam, near Silves, and in Alte, where there are also found ancient labors. The diorites and serpentines break through the Jurassic rocks, pro- ducing deep metamorphisms. The magnetic oxyd of iron occurs in large concentrations, either in layers or in veins, accompanied by the copper ores. The red oxyd of copper, gray copper, and the carbonate of copper occur commonly. The native copper also occurs in thin leaves between the Jurassic clays. The distribution of the ores is extremely irregular. By their geognostic and mineralogic characters these deposits have a very remarkable resemblance to the ones of Traversella and Monte Catini in Toscana. Some attempts to work them were made, which were hurriedly abandoned. TIN. The working of tin in Portugal dates from the first period of the monarchy, and it was, after the washings of gold of Adipa, the object of the greatest cupidity for the ancient miners. The oxyd of tin occurs in form of stockwerk between the granites, or in veins, more or less thick, between the chrystalline schists, or in alluvium. Between the porphyritic granite which predominates in the province of Minho, there is found in Kebordosa, in the district of Oporto, an elliptic mass of a granite of a finer grain, very feldsparic, containing amphibole, having a maximum length of 65 metres in the direction of N.N.W., and a thickness of 30 metres. It is between this granitic mass that the . oxyd of tin occurs in the form of stockwerk. The 'ore occurs distributed very irregularly in concentrations, in veins, or disseminated in the granite mass. The stanniferous alluviums are found in the district of Braganya, but the principal deposits, as well in this district as in those of Villa 18 Real and Vizeu, occur in veins, cutting the paleozoic metamorphical schists. In different regions these deposits ' occur always at a short distance from the granites in the schistous zone altered by those rocks. That zone is formed of maciiferous and amphibolic schists. In the district of Braganya the tin region comprises a great number of lodes of very variable directions comprehended between N. 43° E. and N. 74° E. In the Codego mine there is found a crossing sterile lode with the direction N. 31° 30' W.;' there occurs also a lode with the direction N..7° W. In the district of Villa Real there is found also a region of parallel lodes with the direction about N.E., and another with lodes of direc- tion N.S. In the district of Vizeu the tin lodes go towards N. 10° W. The grade of metallization and the distribution of the ore, as well as the form of the fracture, are very irregular and various in the several deposits. The labors so far advanced are not sufficient to discover a law of useful direction, if it exists. Hardly as a note, and not as a law of practical application to follow, we will add some observations relative to the application of the Pentagonal system as criterion for the deter- mination of that direction. The useful angle for tin is comprehended in Cornwall, between E. 6° S. and E. 54° N.; the bissecting line of this angle stretches E. 24° N., coinciding approximately with the system of Finisterre, which is there stretched E. 21° 46' N., true directions. The lodes of Bragan9a are in general comprehended between E. 16° to 47° N. magnetic, or E. 36° to 67° N. true. The system of Finisterre transported to a point in Portugal, where upon the Primitive of Lisbon four bissecting circles cross each other, there stretches E. 23° 58' N. true. The amplitude of the useful angle of tin, transported to the same point, will be comprehended between E. 56° 12' N. and E. 3° 48' S. Some of the lodes of Bragan9a are comprehended within these lim- its ; there are, however, others that go outside of them. In the districts, of Vizeu and Villa Real also, the deposits of tin are not within those limits. About these facts, however, we cannot meanwhile arrive at any conclusion; it would be withal very curious to verify as far as where the influence of the parallelism in the metallization of the deposits can be extended, and with what assurance can be accepted a law of useful directions known in a region transported parallel to another • region very distant. SUNDRY ORES. There are found yet other qualities of ores, like nickel, cobalt, argentiferous zinc, and, more accidentally, red and native silver. The production of nickel and cobalt ores are supplied from the copper 19 mines of Telhadella and Palhal, and in this last one there has been found small quantity of red silver, as likewise argentiferous zinc, ihe native silver occurs in the lead mine of Varzea de Trevoes. COAL. Carboniferous Formation.— The coal measures have in Portugal a small development. There are hardly known three areas : in Vallongo, Bussaco, and Moinho de Ordem, all belonging to the carboniferous period. The carboniferous area of Vallongo occurs in the form of a narrow belt, which occupies an extension of about five kilometns to the N. W. of Vallongo and 62 kilometres to the S. E. as far as Gafanhao, cross- ing- the river Douro. This belt has a general direction of N. 35° W. The coal area rests to the North iu all its extension over the lower Silurian formation, which occurs also in the form of a belt, always yery narrow in all the extension of its development on the left of the river Douro, and after passing hardly near to Vallongo it takes a breadth of about four kilometres. This belt has been worked at several places, withal the most impor- tant basin so far known is the one of >S. Pedro da Cova. There occur two beds of coal, reduced to a state of anthracite by a special metamorphism, owing perhaps to the presence of the diorites that there crop out, and of the granites that occur in all the extension of the coal measures at an average distance of some seven kilometres on either side. The coal measures of Bussaco have hardly a longitudinal extension of 16 kilometres in a belt that has a general direction of N. 10° E. The coal measures of Bussaco rest on the E. side, on the Cambrian formation, and on the silurian formation to the S.E, and gets under the Trias to the S.W. and N.W. The pickings made so far are insufiicient to determine whether there exists a coal basin that can be advantageously worked. At present, labors are commenced for this purpose, which already leave no doubt of the existence of coal. The carboniferous forjnation is represented in Moinho de Ordem, near Alcacer, but a deposit of very small dimensions, where there have not yet been discovered any vestiges of a coal-bed. Jurassic Formation. — There exist beds of coal that can be worked, belonging to the Jurassic period. The more prominent deposits are those of Cabo Mondego, near Buarcos, and those of the district of Leiria. The deposit of Cabo Mondeg-o is composed of five beds, only one of which, with a thickness of one metre, can be worked : this bed crops out at the border of the sea, in the cape of Mondego, with an inclina- tion of 25° to the S. E., and goes on to the summit of the Buarcos mountain, disappearing at a distance of three kilometres under the cretaceous formation. 20 The works performed at the beginning of this century demonstrated the continuation of this bed under the sea, but an inundation impeded the continuation of the labors. At present, this mine is worked for the consumption of a glass factory and one of ceramic products, belonging to the same mmmg company. This coal produces a large quantity of gas and gives a very light coke, but resistent : by its characters it can be considered as a lignite passing to bituminous coal. The same geological formation in the district of Leiria contains several known beds of coal, but not worked at present. The outcrops of a bed that is found in Cabe90 de Veado and Arrimalde can be followed in the distance of four kilometres. It has an average thickness of one metre, and inclines 35"? to the S. 60° E. This bed was anciently worked. In Chao Preto, near the Mosteiro da Batalha, a coal-bed is also known, with a thickness of one metre, following an approximate direction N. S. Cretaceous Formation.— There is found in the district of Leiria bituminous gres, forming beds, sometimes very thick and of sufficient richness, at the point of turning semi-fluid. They ai'e very well known in Granja, Marrazes, Pedras Negras, and Canto de Azeche. They have not been regularly worked, and are at present without being operated. There is found yet near Marrazes a bed of fossil wood of 2.50 metres, which has not yet been conveniently worked. Recent Formations. — Peat is found in the country, with important development at Comporta, opposite to Setubal, near the river Sado ; it forms there a bed of one metre in thickness approxi- mately, and occupying a large superficial extension. It has not yet been worked. STATISTIC. The statistical tables which follow were organized by the Bureau of Mines. ' . Table I. refers to the movement of the granting of mines, dis- tributed by districts and by years. The statistic is organized for two distinct periods ; a period previous to the 31st of December, 1852, date of the promulgation of the present mining law, and a posterior one, up to 1875. For the comprehensipn .of this table, it is important to know that the Government, when any mine is discovered, orders the verification of its existence and the drawing up of plans of the ground. By the informations obtained, the Government gives to the dis- coverer a, diploma of legal discovery, in which the area that the grant might have is determined, as also the necessary capital for the work. 21 Proving that he has the necessary capital for the work, a title of "provisory concession" is given him, in which will be specified all the conditions imposed on the grant. Having satisfied all the requisites of the law the "Definitive grant" is given by a decree. For that reason the statistic in Table I. desig- nates the mines that had diploma of legal discovery, and of those that had definitive grant. The granted loses the right to the grant whenever he does not com- ply with the conditions under which it was given him, among which the principal one is to have the mine always in active operation. The statistic under designation "Definitive concessions forfeited," gives the number of grants that have been forfeited. The forfeited grants are put at auction by the Government, and thus these mines may be granted anew. It is to these new grants to which refers the designation "Definitive concessions anew." Table II. designs^tes the mines by the qualities of the ore, with the area of grant and the state of the mining labors. It designates also the movement of the processes for the concessions of mines and their progress. Table III. designates the mining expenses and production of the mines from 1853 to 1874 inclusive. The expenses are indicated in two columns. " In reference to imposts " are those which are counted for the determination of the impost, which are lower than the true ones, because for this determination some are afterwards excluded. As mines ire exempt from imposts for two years, and as no account is made of the expenses of pickings, the expenses referring to the impost are yet for this reason lower than the total ones. The figures relating to " Total calculated or known" result from informations directly collected, or from a calcidation made on the labors executed. 22 ■9121 'Joqraaoaa JO %si2 aqi uo pi[BA suorssaonoo SAir^TugaQ; H O i-l IN C^ tH C^ tOCi •snotssao w rH eo •pa^tajioj snoiBsaonoo , sAiijiagad t^ CO ec m T-H rH ■* T-( M '^£3'' •suoTssaonoo aAping -op 5Ti% JO fBijo^). x'BJauao ft o M M H Ah fi IZi o iXJ to C^ CO r- !i8l list OiSJ 6981 _mi_ _998I_ J93X _I98I 0981 8S8I SB8I o CO r- CO T-i ot ■sS8X inoJJ jCiaAOOStp IwS -01 JO ^uioidjd ^oojco-^oir— «;ioi.-^tD-^(NO«JC2(M to Qocoeo Ti ira (N -hc^i- o « ■5 ■a 3 a 95'8I fa 9fi gtsi :M ^\1 rt a ° 2-2 a«3 2 ^ M « M a K ■? a 3 t; -S 'B ca3eaoi®^.— Mcais.2 23 a u ■mox ■Old u\ qSuvt{0 jo ■uoipn'G ^y •noTSBao ■uoo eAi-jiai^op jo ■uoTssao -«00 ^lOBIAOld JO *^J9A008tpiB29I JO HIM CI WiHrHO OT O ^ !j ■^ SJOqBi oa ST aiaq^. qoiqM. ai s8titj\[ 00 usr-"* M COi-iOS o^ ■9AT?0B einn u= ^ 'Bjoq-Ei lapnti eauin 1 > a •tuVX 1 -^ OT-^i-Hi-l '-' *=5 1 " •JBOQ *q i-H 1" -seaaiBSirBni pun noJi Ofl N 'dsan^Sann 1 IN j (N •aoJi 1 ^ I ^ •^TXl •Zaouii^av I ■p'BST; I ^ i CO •jaddoQ ) 'SJoqBi Or- O 00 •I^iox HOS -^ O ^ CM:~ OO O lo CO tD rt mo W Irt OSO 00 c^i o o ci OS M c^i - -" -f O 1-1 -^ ■* iooi-" CO ICO o »-i m tt< c^ o ^ r- CO Ti tot- to -( (N tD Oi ec 00 ic tH (N c-i --h •oinilBqdsv I •aoJt puB I'EOO I •I^OQ I '9S9U ■■BSn^ui pn« uoji ■-UTX 1 •jtiioniTq.nv [ •pisai pa's jaddoQ | ■pB8T; I " -jaddoo I "^ O a 9PJ j'S^jis g-So|,si§|:s||«s.5.s ir °''^ or 5 a « §-S o % «?«! 24 o ■= ft'S B g ft 2 ■S6 S H H o ajcDiococot--oOTti miraeocoeooooco oeoooooooooooi 05C^i^3t-'*'OT-f(C o OlO ■ cor-o ■yjcocc CO 00 w «) to C- CO (D «5 CO —T- t^ CO o o m (M O to CO CO Tjf r-l O ira ^ 5^ W ;S a> lO LO looco-^e-iococo oooira -^ o oco !N 1(3 O t^ lO 1-1 OS 3-»* (Dt- J^^T- tO OJ W CTJ CO o coco ?^ S se Ed O oooooooo OtMCSOOOOO 0(NOoc:>moo ciM o5< ill Sll f» : i :: - = Z ' z :; - s « ocrs WCOOS CO,i-( §8" '' ii ICCIO -J3 :: z :::::: 0.-0 WOT e6 so r- M o CO 1 00 o> o o o g o to" 275,000 '■ 000 443,822 ■' 156 135,383 " 448 141,870 " 495 43,857 " 350 §§. oo ooo OE— C3 oo O CO O (O N eo'o" ot^us ooo a mo o t^o o ipo O O -d* lO CO (N rt cq w gQ 0)^ d-s 3 o :3 ^ o 5 5J J' .rt CQ e3 -J O ^^ S 'I) n, " -2 y e3 ^ o OT-^-tj dJ n OT e8 ea « fH OO CO •* f-m 26 o ?> a 3 S H JK « 2 a O fH fl Orel O coco CO to T~lt 00 r~ ira "* t- tOC a(J ^ < s 8; -^ c oi o •^ 1 ■sotnm JO -ox I oX' o^ to ^ '^3 ^^: ■CN o f^-io ^ tIJX s H''!'- 1 Wrt -0 rHi-HrHrn la - - 1=, TH W ^r rH — |«, ': : c4 U t». ja id o d -2 c ■ "ss 3 ^ t- ■c ■; B ■g H 27 REMARKS. a. Production, 1836 to 1852, 937.700 tons. Expenses, 50,000 $ 000. Produc- tion zinc ore in 1869-70-72, 7.694 tons. b. Without any mining since 1869. c. Production, 1862, 46 tons. Production nickel ore, 1867 to 1870, 18.703 tone. Lead ore, 1858-69, 139.309 tone. d.' Production, 1867-74, nickel ore, 9.511 tons. Lead ore, 178.420 tons. e. Two concessions paying a fixed rate of 800 reis per ton of utilized ore. f. They paid, 1872-73 and 1873-74, the annual fixed rent of 1,083.500 each. g. Expenses and production up to 1872. h. Production, 1802 to 1821, 1,740 tons. Value, 44,490 $510. Expenses, 60,718 $ 887. i. In pickings. Expenses of Castello mine, 13,000 $ 000. j. Mining suspended since 1868. k. Without any mining since 1^62. 1. Expenses, 1866-68. Production, 1864. m. Without mining. n. Before 1853, production, 136.582 tons. o. Concessions previous to 1853. Production, 1851-52, 32.376 tons. p. Since 1803 till 1853, known production, 27,275,288 kilogrammes. Value 74,3741930. q. Expenses and imposts, 1874. r. Expenses and production, 1858. s. Expenses and production, 1867-69. t. Expenses, 1867-68. u. Production, 1867-69. 28 III. QUARRYING. Portugal possesses a great variety of building and ornamentation materials. Granites. — They oecupy a great area in the northern provinces — Minho, Beira, and Traz-os-Montes — breaking through the extensive regions of laurentian, cambrian, or Silurian schists. Mr. Schiappa d'Azevedo, Mining Engineer, determined there four varieties of granite of diflFerent characters and geological ages, which we will enumerate, following the order of age that he assigns them. The common granite of two micas, white quartz transparent and orthoclase. It constitutes a belt of 9 kilometres wide, which crosses the Douro by one side,and by the other it stretches in a direction NN.W. The porphyritic granite, only with black mica, gray quartz semi- translucent, two feldspar generally and accidentally crystals of bright white talc, containing large crystals of orthoclase, at times with more than 0.1m of length. It is characterized by the orbicular structure^ and by the facility of tjie crumbling out on the surface. This granite predominates in the province of Minho, occupying the central part from North to South, in a zone of 60 kilometres wide, taken on a parallel that passes some kilometres to the north of Braga, which narrows to the North. Granite with white mica, albite feldspar and vitreous quartz, con- taining as characteristic element the amphibole. This rock forms a narrow belt of 5 kilometres wide at the east of Oporto; it is also found to the N.N.W. of Barcellos, to the W. of Villa Flor, and in other points. Granite of very fine grain is found in the surroundings of Villa Pouca de Aguiar, and to the north of Guimaraes. In these provinces the large buildings are all executed with granite, this rock being also employed in sculpture. The works of ornamentation executed to-day in the building of the Commercial Association of Oporto are very remarkable ' by their extreme delicacy. There is employed in the pavements of the streets of Oporto a very hard granite from Canellas, cut in prisms, with the dimensions of 18x 16x10 centimetres. To the north of Alemtejo there are also found some large areas of granite, principally in the districts of Portalegre and Evora, there being also found small spots in the Beja district. There are found in some places granites of bright colors, that would make a fine efiect were they polished ; nevertheless, this industry does not yet exist. The volcanic rocks are found on the continent in the suburbs of Lisbon, where they are employed in the paving of streets alone, com- 29 biued with white limestone in design of a very fine eflfect. In the Azores these rocks are employed in all constructions. Slates. — The slates are worked principally in Vallongo, district of Oporto, and produce slabs of great size, very resistent, adapted to large billiard tables, offering likewise very thin layers, being very much adapted for covering roofs. The quarries belonging to the " Vallongo Slate and Marble Com- pany" are worked at present on a large scale. These rocks belong to the Silurian age. Sandstones. — The sandstones, susceptible of being employed as building materials, belong to the triassic period and are found in distinct regions. To the east of Aveiro there is found a small area of sandstone ; in the district of Coimbra, a narrow belt stretching to the north up to Arco de-Anadia, and to the south down to Thomar, which rests on the east side upon the carboniferous rocks of Bussaco and upon schists of laurentian and Cambrian period, and to the west side supports the Jurassic and cretaceous rocks. In Algarve there is found also a belt narrower yet of triassic rocks, having a general direction E.W., in contact at the north side with the schists of the lower carboniferous age, and at the southern side with the Jurassic limestone. Marbles and Limestone. — There is found a zone of chrys- talline marbles whicli takes its greatest importance in Extremoz, Borba, and Villa Vi90sa. There exist layers of pure white, and more or less colored in flesh and yellow, especially in Extremoz and Borba; and layers of gray marbles — " bardilho" — at times almost black, or gray with white veins, which are found in Montes-Claros. These marbles may acquire a fine polish, and the quarries are susceptible of furnishing large monoliths. They belong to the lau- rentian period, and follow a direction of N. 35° W. In Vianna, Alvito, and Portel there are found marbles with the same characters, embedded in metamorphic schists of the same period. In the mountain of Ficalho there is found also a zone of chrystalline marbles of the same geological period. The rocks of the Jurassic period furnish a large quantity of building and ornamenting stone. A little to the west of Coimbra an extensive zone of Jurassic rocks commences, which on the oriental side rests on the belt of the triassic rocks which pass Coimbra, and whose occi- dental line passes up to Pombal, following afterwards a little to the west of Thomar, stretching towards Batalha, Aljubarrota, and coming to wind up in triassic soil a little to the west of Rio Maior. To the west of Coimbra there is found also a small zone of Jurassic rocks, comprehended by a line which passes by An9an, Portunhos and Outil. These limestones also exist near to Figueira da Foz. Bearing on the Jurassic rocks there is found the limestone and marl of the cretaceous period, wMch occupy a large area to the east of Leiria, and a less extensive area to the north of Torres Vedras. The 30 ground limited by a line which commences at 5 kilometres to the north of Ericeira and terminates in Alhandra, following by Tejo and the sea-coast, is constituted by the cretaceous rocks, which are interrupted by the basalts to the east ; by the granites between Cintra and the Cape of Roca; and by the Jurassic zone placed to the east of those granites. The Jurassic and cretaceous rocks furnish limestones of very varied and bright colors, as likewise extremely pure white ; they are gener-. ally soft, and for that reason the most delicate and capricious orna- mentations can be executed on these ; but in some places, by effect of local metamorphism, these rocks were transformed in perfect marbles. This phenomenon turns to be very remarkable in the limestones of Cintra, belonging to the Jurassic period and metamorphized by the granites adjoining, and the limestones of Pero Pinheiro, belonging to the cretaceous, and likewise metamorphized by the volcanic rocks of the suburbs of Lisbon. The marbles of Cintra have the white and black, almost pure or more or less mixed. With the marbles of Pero Pinheiro all the buildings of Lisbon are built. They are easily worked, at the same time that they resist the action of the weather. In Arrabida mountain the breccia marbles are found of very bright colors ; they acquire a fine polish and are of a fine efiect, above all in indoor ornamentation. / In the province of Algarve there is found also a narrow belt of Jurassic calcareous stone stretching from E. to' W., and which also furnishes ordinary limestone and marbles. Clays. — These rocks are found very frequently. The porcelain manufacture of Vista Allegre uses the clays of Feira (Aveiro.) The clays of Abrigada are employed there in the ceramical products factory. The refractory clays of the district of Leiria from " C'asal dos Ovos" and " Valle de Lobos" have been for a long time used. The Cabo de Mondego Mining Co., which has a glass factory in Buarcos " Concelho da Figueira da Foz," has there also a ceramical products factory, where there are manufactured the refractory mate- rials used in said factory. Statistic. — There is not an exact statistic of the number of quarries and their production. By inquiry made by the Bureau of Mines, there were gathered 802 quarries in operation, distributed as follows : District of Aveiro 67 " Beja 61 " Braga 33 " " Castello Brauco 15 " " Coimbra 20 " Evora 46 " Faro 9 quarries. 31 District of Leiria 18 quarries. " Lisbon 105 " " Portalegre 9 " Santarem 37 " Vianna do Castello 74 " Vizeu 103 " Villa Real ., 89 A9ores: Angra ^ 27 Horta ' 16 Ponta Dellgada 73 802" It is difficult to-find out the production of these quarries ; there are many that have yet accidental labors. From a great number of those that are reprasented at the Exposition, the particular production is known, but of many others we have no data. The movement of importation and exportation of earthy substances in 1872 was as follows : Exportation. Keis. Materials. Importation. Eeis. Marble 3,999 1 000 490 $000 2,471 $ 000 Stones Flints tone Chalk 8,099 $ 000 4,575 $000 Clay and sand ' Cement 12,444 $ 000 32,078 $000 Total 2,814$ 000 1,326 $ 000 29,897 $ 000 398 $ 000 447 $ 000 12,626 $000 439 $ 000 143 f 000 48,090 $090 The movement of importation and exportation of earthy substances in 1873 was as follows : Materials. Sand Clay Lime Cement Chalk Emery Gems Gypsum Jasper... Marble "Whetstone Stones , Sulphate of Baryta.. Ochres Flint stone Total 5,255,465 Importation. Exportation. Kilograms. 47,809 883,983 736,492 261,160 892 54,864 2,571,442 3,586 223,907 79,090 92,905 144,584 154,651 Value. Keis. , Kilograms. 326 $000 2,880 $000 12,858 f 000 2,714 $ 000 1591000 9,277 $OOo 9,4291000 903 $ 000 17,144 $ 000 2,831 f OOO 3,103 $000 1,9551000 5,737 $ 000 69,016 $ 000 39,708 l,345J9i6 204,000 40,000 33,944 ""18^447 490 ^742,000 '9,066 4,377 2,446,948 Value. Eeis. 132 $ 000 11,191 $000 620 $000 60 $ 000 ' 1,038 "$'o6o 667 $ 000 . 15 $000 36,807 $000 141000 283 $000 50,827 $ 000 32 IV. MINERAL WATERS. From a report written in 1867, by Mr. J. B. Schiappa de Azevedo, Mining Engineer, as member of a commission of which Dr. Thomas de Carvalho, Physician, and Dr. Agostinho Vicente Lourengo, Chemist, also formed part, we extract the following data : The number of groups of mineral springs known in Portugal reach 81, and are distributed in the following manner : Province of Minho 13 " " Tras-os-Montes H " Beira 26 " " Extrcmadura ■•■• 17 " " Alemtejo ' 14 " " Algarve -^ Total 81 There are: Sulphurous 58 Gaseous alkaline 3 Gaseous 5 Salines of various basis 4 Simple thermae 5 Metallic ferro-cupriferous 2 Chlorurated 3 Not determined 1 Total In relation to terriperature : Cold (up to 20° Centg. =68° Far.). 81 30 Fresh (up to 25° Centg. = 77° Far.) 6 Temperate fup to 32° Centg. = 89°.6 Far.) 10 Hot (up to 38° Centg. = 100°.4 Far.) 17 Very hot (over 38° Centg., or 100°.4 Far.] 10 Not ascertain ed 8 Total. 81 The hottest spring known on the continent is that of S. Pedro da Cova, in the province of Beira, whose temperature observed near tlie opening is of 68°.75 C'entg. = 156°.75 Far. In the same report of Mr. Schiappa de Azevedo, he states the following conclusions : 33 1st — ^That in Portugal the greatest frequency of the mineral springs are found principally in the regions most remote from basaltic and trachytic rocks, which are in the vicinity of Lisbon the representatives of volcanoes of a geological period previous to the present. 2d — That the mineral waters spring in greater abundance in moun- tainous grounds than in flat. 3d — That ifii more uneven soils the springs that gush from granite are more numerous, and these almost always in the contact of the granitic with other sedimentary rock, or at least of different nature and origin. The following tables comprise an account of the more notable mineral waters of Portugal, as likewise the general result of the analysis made by Dr. Agostiniio Vicente Lourengoi 34 •J9!J'BAi JO SGinUI'BjS OOO'T JO UOT^Vlod'BA.O aqq. , A S ^ 03 O, '^ o ''3 (S'O (d 'd ■+i d fO m (4 a art n 03 l| aS ■0° '"'.si M o 3 43 M g 03*M . >. o_g m'^ ho CO 00 -^ iM ^ o"o' o* o" S CO CO t* OS o CO CO N (N U 38 •la^-EJi JO ssmm'ejS OOO'I JO tI0niIJ0dBA9 -qo ompiSBj pnos ppy oijpXqdins •*U90 o ■aini-EJsdraax W o M 1-^ oo mm 'd •tJ U §3l o 37 V. MINING ENGINEERING. In order to grant the mines, the Government orders an examination of the deposit to be made, and a surveyed plan of the grounds also, on which to determine, in relation to the direction, inclination and extension of the deposit, the limit of the area of the grant within which the miner may carry on his labors. , The plans are drawn in the scale of 1-10,000, and referred to fixed points on the ground. The granted area is generally delineated by a rectangular of 1000 metres long by 500 wide. These plans are surveyed with all the accurateness possible, whose failure, besides other inconveniences, would be the origin of questions and law-suits between' neighboring grantees. Fortunately, the superior administration of mines in Portugal is made in such a way that the law-suits regarding the grant of property are not only rare, but have always had a very rapid decision, whereas the industry never has suffered any by these means which, in other countries constitute one of the greatest difiiculties for its development. The plan of the Moncorvo iron mines, exhibited by the Bureau of Mines (E.eparti9ao de Minas), gives an idea of the way in which these labors are executed in Portugal. These plans, accompanied by the determination of the mineral nature of the soil comprised, serve as a basis for the execution of the mineral map, work initiated by the Chief of the Bureau of Mines, J. B. Schiappa d'Azevedo, Micing Engineer, and which at present is under way. The Mineral map will be executed upon the chorographical map of the country, in the scale of 1-100,000. This map will contain a delin- eation of the different species of rocks which constitute the soil of the country, the position of the different metallic deposits determined accu- rately, their na .ure, direction and inclination, the direction and incli- nation of the sedimentary layers, the fractures and other geological features, the position of the quarries worked in the country, and that of the mineral springs. This map will be the only base of the rational study of the condi- tion of the metallic deposits of the country and their rel^ations among each other, having in view to arrive at the knowledge of their laws of distribution and of their wealth. The Bureau of Mines exhibits also some plans of operations, which the grantees are obliged to send annually to the Ministry of Public Works. This administrative requirement has in view the fiscalization of the conditions in which the mining labors are carried on, and at the same time serves for the study of the conditions of the l)earing of the lode, and of the distribution of the ore in each deposit. 38 The Pentagonal System in Spain and Portugal AND The Pentagonal System in Portugal. BY LOUEENgO MALHEIEO, MINING ENGINEER. These two maps, exhibited at the Portuguese mineral section, con- tain the graphical representation of several circles of the pentagonal system that pass through Portugal and Spain. In the first one these circles are traced on a geographical map of Spain and Portugal ; in the second one the circles that pass through Portugal are t'-aced on a geological map of Portugal in the scale of 1-500,000. These maps are the base of an application of the Pentagonal System of Elie de Beaumont, which will be made in the execution of the min- eral map of Portugal, now in course of preparation. We have not as yet sufficient data to determine all the importance of those circles in the study of geological lineatiops of Portugal, with all we will already cite some facts which show some remarkable coin- cidences. The only Primitive circle which passes through Portugal is the Primitive Circle of Lisbon. It starts from a point T in Burgos, Spain, and enters into Portugal by the eastern side at the point where the river Douro, having traversed all the country in a direction proxi- mately E. to W., suddenly turns to the N. E., following parallel with that circle. From this point the primitive circle of Lisbon passes with extreme precision over the summit line of all the chain of the mountain of Estrella, and follows to the western coast of Portugal, going out at a point to the north of Ericeira. In the western extreme this circle passes along the slopes of the mountain of Cintra parallel with the direction of that mountain. The most important line of mountains of Portugal runs from the Cape of S. Vicente to the turn of the river Douro in the Spanish frontier, and this line coincides very approximately with the primitive circle of Lisbon. The Diametral Dae, which Pouyanne proposed to substitute for the Hundsruck system of Elie de Beaumont, and which in these maps was definitely adopted, liueates with the principal hydrographical lines of Northern Portugal and Galicia in Spain, passing to the north of the river Minho. The trapezohedral circle T T 6 6 c (system of Sancerrois) enters into Portugal to the north of Cape S. Vicente, and follows proxi- mately by the summit of Monchique mountain in the point of Foya, lineating itself there with a notable part of that mountain. The diametral Dae (system of Cote d'Or) enters into Portugal by the South, passing next to Faro, and follows from there up to near 39 Alcoutim, fitting in its passage to some remarkable features of the mountain of Algarve. Four bissectors cut eacb other in Portugal on the primitive circle of Lisbon, some of which adjust themselves to orographical and hydro- graphical features important enough in Portugal and Spain. Two hexatetrahedral circlesHaa cut each other at the. Primitive of Lisbon in a point whose longitude is of 12° 18' 34".66, and latitude 38° 31' 21".53, one of which steering at this point N. 5° 14' 6".71 and the other E. 20° 46' 22".17 S. This circle that follows near the western coast of Portugal, to which is proximately parallel, has a position very remarkable in relation to the geographical configuration of Europe. This circle passes the; eastern coast of Greenland, goes on, touching Iceland along i1^ eastern coast, and there afterwards lineates itself parallel to the general coast of Europe ; it enters into the African conti- nent at the mouth of Tensift, between Safi and the Mogador, travers- ing the great Desert, and goes on to cross proximately the mountains that divide the waters of the Senegal and the Niger, leaving this continent by the Cape of Palmas. The other hexatetrahedral circle H a a traverses Portugal in a direction very proximately E. to AV. in relation with several remark- able geographical features, and with a direction of several metalliferous deposits ; it determines the maximum circle that unites two very notable and symmetrical capes of Portugal and Spain, Cabo da Roca, to the west of Lisbon, and Cabo de la Nao, to the north of Alicante, It goes on, passing afterwards a little to the south of Tunis, the most boreal point of the African continent, in Dernah, near Cairo, going to unite to point H in the coast of the Red Sea. In the map of the Pentagonal system in Portugal there is traced a compass of the directions of the systems of mountains, transported parallel to the crossing point of the bisectors with the primitive circle of Lisbon. The influence of these several systems in Portugal is not yet studied, therefore we cannot now give especial indications. The application made by Moissenet and Chancourtois of the Pen- tagonal system to the study of the metalliferous deposits will be fol- lowed in the execution of the mineral map above mentioned. Unfortunately these studies are nevertheless circumscribed to srnall regions, and they are not of an order that can be generalized easily. Of its general application to the several surveyed mining regions could perhaps be deducted laws very useful to the mining industry, and within the Pentagonal system there would perhaps be found a metallif- erous system in intimate connection with that one,that would contribute ■ powerfully to make disappear a great part of the emperism that ^ reigns yet in the previous estimation of the wealth of a deposit. The circles of the Pentagonal system were determined calculating the geographic co-ordinates of the crossing points of several circles among each other. Following we give a table of the data that determine them geo- graphically in Portugal and Spain. 40 =§^ §> 5. a 8 S 5. s eS o O P3 > W O O 02 H OOtDt— r~o0ODOlrHCO KawwHWWH&q o ^^^^b:^^^^ too (DO O O C !z;;z;^!?iiz;;z;!zi|zi!2; «)iM ogj.s.a.a.s OOMBWWW H M MM O |Zi o o o > I— I H I— ( PL, W ^^^piii^^^M^^ -I Tf lO CO Ci o o iajgisai^isiziaiziaig S3 ^ 1= OhS »it< si rf ^ M flvw a ss W •S *^ N -eriri C0 05 oOQOcoooooooco^ !z;aagia;z;!zi;g!^!ga C£!WWHiaHHWHHh=P «lMeOCO«(NNr-^^ ° ^1 : e a =Eh WW Ofli ; t & ai la rt "^ rt !i rt «§ 5 H X M SP&o < onHMHOHPJP 2S 41 o s N t^r-; 31000iM=^(N(NlM jJcoooooooo ^■^&>&.S»>>?^ :0£ Is- u o I— I— I O) .S -3 S "^ ^ -S "^ pPlBBWmcQ mMh S2 WMWd ■^00 to c f^fS^^^ c5rococC(Mo-*i-«TH O incoi-ioooascioo ^^Tji'^Tji-'jieococo c^oitoic-Hcomtocq c^c-r— locoi— toot- O00l0-^C0(NiM'-(O W ftp S?1?«HB c^PPHHCPSKPOhI 42 H W H o H '-'E;tDi-(CcotooocqotoMeq ;2i iz; ?; iz; jzi !zi ;z, i? iz; g; izi iz; iz; K ^ iz; |zi a ;zi iz; Ig izi !zi iz; ?=; 1^ ;2i !2i !2i l2i 125 O H O P4 IZi O M H O W tn B !z; ^^^S:^^^^^^^^^^&:^|xiH^>^^^pr^^^^^^« H0005Cid«oo:c'>:'ii . -# Tjl CO ^ r-' = ;zi !z, 52; ^ iz; ;zi >^ Iz; :zi ^ Iz; !zi Jg; ;zi !?; I^i 12; ;a; IS tz; Iz; ^ :zi ;zi ;zi Szi Iz; |zi !zi Izi Iz; i^ w.-,i-OiCO(MiD'-0fj'r?i-~i- ■Hirsioono-rHor- o CD aj i='-^ ft ,!3 o =) o g a P tjP-i gOQ go sg Sec a ■s aS5 .MJ a a a i^d ^T3 rt , ^ oj rt (y O "^ M ;H ■■H t^ — i; ■- is S siJ-f las^s -^{Zi 2,= 5^3 fiHWHWhnoa^HQt^PnHwMSsSSSf ; 1; o o <: ; rt ^ t) c : X oj a c !§I 44 Hi i P u o Ah Eh M o Ph o &H w EH M O a< CO IZi <( M EH H O O 02 H EH t>H W H O ■ |Zi O H H O w M P H W H o w Hi n <) o u ?3 -f OCO o ~(£l-^OJlO«)-^ eMc M°HafiE^fie^E^H " M EH 'o o i3 rt OJ S ■^ ■" o o o .S .£ oj a> ^ o -d 03 "S •^3 ■::; -2 ri 'JJ S i' ^ ^ <^1^-. ^ oj a> --^ -h jjOT ■ &■ i fc -cJ ■ 3 fh : t. q cs o |1h fi4 fe M ;g <1 S p^ H^l ;^ H BhI <1 S f^ H W <{ t> JziSk. i^rt S CI O bD t'q t.= 2 a^ CATALOGUE. 47 DEPARTIVEESrT I.— IMEIMIXira AND IVIETAC- iiUReir. Locotion — Main Building. MTNERALS, ORES, BUILDING STONES AND MINING PRO- DUCTS. Class 100. — Minerals, ores, etc. Metallic and non-metallic minerals, exclusive of coal and oil. Collections of minerals systematically arranged ; collec- tions of ores and associated minerals ; geological collections. Class 101. — Mineral combustibles. Coal, anthracite, semi-bituminous and bituminous, coal-waste and pressed coal; albertite, asphalt and asphaltic limestone ; bitumen, mineral tar, crude petroleum. Class 102. — Building stones, hiarbles, slates, etc. Eough, hewn, sawn or pol- ished, for buildings, bridges, walls or other constructions, or for interior decoration, or for furniture. Marble — white, black or coloured — used in building, decoration, statuary, monuments or furniture, in blocks or slabs not manufactured. Class 103.— Lime, cement, and hydraulic cement, raw and burned, accompanied by specimens of the crude rock or material used, also artificial stone, con- crete, beton. Specimens of lime mortar and mixtures, with illustrations of the pro- cesses of mixing, etc. Hydraulic and other cement. Beton mixtures and results, with illustrations of the processes. Artificial stone for building purposes, building blocks, cornices, etc. Artificial stone mixtures, for pavements, walls, or ceilings. Plasters, mastics, etc. Class 104. — Clays, kaolin, silex, and other materials for the manufacture of porcelain, faience, and of glass, bricks, terra-cotta and tiles, and fire brick. Refractory stones for lining furnaces, sandstone, steatite, etc., and refractory furnace materials. Class 105. — Graphite, crude and refined ; for polishing purposes ; for lubricat- ing, electrotypicg, photography, pencils, etc. Class 106. — Lithographic stones, hones, whetstones, grindstones, grinding and polishing materials, sand quartz, garnet, crude topaz, diamond, corondum, emery in the rock and pulverized, and in assorted sizes and grades. Class 107. — Mineral waters, artesian well water, natural brines, saline and alka- line efflorescences and solutions. Mineral fertilizing substances, gypsum, phosphate of lime, marls, shells, coprolites, etc., not manufactured. 1. — Mine of "Monges." — Iron. Location — " Freguesia," of Santiago do Escoural, "Coucelho," of Monte- mor-o-N"ovo, District of Evora. Legal Grantee. — Visconde do Cartaxo, Street & Co. Operator. — Monges Iron Company, limited, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors. — By the present company, in 1873. Area — 81 hect. 31 ar. 00 cent. 48 No. of hands in 1875-250 to 350, Wages { ^en, 300 to 380 reis. Production : Tons. 1869— 1,127.970 1870— 106.520 1871— 145.740 1872— 4,639.333 1873—15,173.787 1874—40,496.000 Total. .61,689.350 Labors in open air. — Three automatic inclined planes. Enclosing rocks. — Laurentian slates and limestones. Direction N. W. Inclination 70° S. W. Number of deposits ascertained. — 5 layers and 3 masses. Strike of the layers.— N. W. to S. E. ' Dip " " 45° N. E. The Monges deposit is constituted by hematites and magnetites accompanied with pyrites. Among the 5 mineral layers ascertained only one is worked, which has a maximum thickness of 11 metres. The iron ore of these deposits seems to be owing to a decomposition of the pyrites, because at the depth of about 23 metres the pyrites almost substitute the oxyds of iron. Besides the layers, there exist three masses which seem to be super- ficial deposits. Several analysis of the mining engineer, Joao Pacheco de Rezende, give : SAMPLING PLACES. No. 7. St. George'; Cuttings Water and Carbonic Acid. Lime Magnesia Oxyd of Magnetic Iron... Peroxyd of Iron Bioxyd of Manganese Alumina Insoluble Residue Sulphuric Acid. 12.2 2.7 1.2 10.6 .57.5 1.1 2.0 11.7 1.0 Phosphoric Acid i Tnic 100.0 Yield. Metallic Iron 147.88 p. c. Manganese lo.G'JCi p. c. 7.2 3.3 Traces. O 1.5 0.8 62.9 81.9 00.0 00.0 10.8 2.8 3.5 1.1 14.5 8.5 Traces. Traces Traces. Traces 100.4 ■16.1 p. c. 6.8 p. c. 100.0 60.50 p. c. 1.77 p. c. 49 SAMPLING PLACES. Pyramid. D. Fernando. Old Roman Gallery. Water Protoxyd of Iron Sesquioxyd of Iron.... Lime Magnesia Alumina Bioxyd of Manganese Insoluble Eesidue Sulphuric Acid Phosphoric Acid Yield. Metallic Iron Manganese 9.00 7.06 77.82 1.52 1.12 0.25 0.23 2.70 0.30 0.00 100.00 60 p. c. 0.15 p. c. 7.90 8.99 67.88 Traces. Traces. 0.75 2.37 13.00 Traces. 0.00 100.34 54.15 p. c. 1.05 p. c. 1.70 6.42 67.28 0.79 1.04 3.35 2.37 17.00 0.00 0.00 99.95 52.12 p. c. 1.05 p. c. In order to utilize a great quantity of ore which occurs in dust, bricks are made out of this ferruginous earth with lime water. Up to the present time all the ore is exported to England. Samples, Class 100. 1. Oligiste Iron. 2. 3. " •' earthy, \ ferruginous earth for the manufacture of ' " earthy, J bricks. ' " products of mechanical dressing — bricks. 4. 5. 6. 7. Limestone — enclosing rock. 2. — Mine of "Zambujal," 3. — Mine of "Ayres," 4. — Mine of "S. Bartholomeu,' Iron. Location — " Freguesia," of Villa Nova da Baronia, " Concelho" of Alvito, District of Beja. Legal Grantee — JosS Hygino Ferreira Castello. Operator. — George Elliot, Exhibitor. Area — Zambujal 66 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Ayres, 56 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. S. Bartholomeu, 60 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. These three deposits constitute with the Monges Mine a mettal- liferous system stretched parallel to the limit line of the laurentian slates, with the granites which outcrop 5 kilometres to the South. 5U The labors to the present time have been very little. The production of these mines was, in Tons. 1873—3946.44 1874—1038.97 4975.41 Samples, Class 100. 1. Oligiste Iron. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5. — Moncorvo Iron Mines. — Iron, Location — "Freguesia," of Moncorvo and Felgar, " Concelho," of Mon- corvo, District of Braganga. These mines were the object of special reference — see page 7. Samples, Class 100. 1. Oligiste Iron (Fragas dos Apriscos). 2. " " " " Facho). 3. Magnetite Iron (Alto do Chapeo). 4. Oligiste Iron (Alto do Mindel). 5. 6. 7. 10. 11. (Alto da Cotovia). (Fragas do Carvalhal). (Fragas da Carvalhosa). (Carvalhosinha). (Alto da Mua). Schist (enclosing rock). Granite — 1000 m. to the N. of the deposits. 6 — Mine of "Lagoas do Paco." — Manganese. Location— "Freguesia" and "Concelho" of Ferreira, District of Beja. Legal Grantee — James Lloyd. Director of "Works— Don Jose Giron, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1867. Area — 60 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875—60. Production in 1875—812 tons. The ore occurs as a deposit between the strata of the talc schists and quartzites of the laurentian age, having the same direction and incli- nation as the enclosing rocks. Direction— N. 35° W. Inclination — S.E. Thickness— 0.60 metres to 1.00 metres. 51 Samples — Class 100 : 1. Pyrolusite. 2. Pyrolusite. 7. — Mine of " Faraiso " — Manganese. Location — "Freguesia " and "Concellio " of Aljustrel, Districi of Beja' Legal Grantee — Alonco Gomez, Exhibitor. Operator, " " Commencement of labors — In 1869. Area — 49 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. The ore occurs in a bed between the argilaceous slates of the silu- rean age, which have the direction of N. 25° W., and an inclination of 70° to the east. This mine has been very important. Its thickness is irregular, but it has reached 10 metres. Samples — Class 100 : 1. Pyrolusite. 2. Pyrolusite. 8. — Mine of "Ferragudo" — Manganese. Location — " Freguesia " and " Concelho " of Castro Verde, District of Beja Legal Grantee — Alonco Gomez, Exhibitor. Operator, " " Commencement of labors — In 1875. Area — 38 hect. 48 ar. 00 cent. Tlie ore occurs in a bed between the silurian slates, having the di- rection of N". 50° W., and inclination to the E. This deposit is one of the most important of the manganesian region of Alemtejo on account of the amount of the ore and by its richness. The yield is, on an average, 70 per cent, chlorometric. Its thickness was, in the surface, of 1 2 metres. Samples — Class 100*. 1. Pyrolusite. ^ 9. — Mine of " VaUe de Calvo " — Manganese. Location — "Freguesia" of Ervidel, "Concelho" of Aljustrel, District of Beja. Legal Grantee — Alonco Gomez, Exhibitor. Operator, " " Commencement of labors — In 1869. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. The ore occurs in a bed between the silurian slates. Direction — N.W. Inclination — Towards the E. 52 Samples — Class 100. ■1. Pyrolusite. 2. Pyrolusite. 3. Red quartzite (outcrops). 10. — Mine of " Pinhal do Cunha " — Manganese. Location— "Freguesia" of Avintes, " CoHcelho" of Villa Nova de Gaya, District of Oporto. Legal Grantee — Mauricio Kamp, Exhibitor, Operator, Commencement of labors — In 1873. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. The formation where the mine occurs is a layer which covers the laurentian slates, constituted by sand and clay, formed on account of the decomposition of the next granites, and the ore forms a bed of this layer, being mixed with the sand of the same and contempora- neous with that formation, constituting a manganiferous sandstone. This deposit is entirely different from the ones in Alemtejo. The mineral is not of a good quality. Samples — Class 100. 1. Oxyds of Manganese. 2. Oxyds of Manganese. 3. Oxyds of Manganese. 11. — Mines of " Bracal " and " Malhada " — Lead. Location — " Freguesia" and " Concelho," of Sever do Vouga, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee — Diederick Mathias Fewerheerd & Co,, Exhibitor. Operator, " " " Commencement of labors — In 1836. Area of the two grants — 467 hect. 49 ar. 26 cent. (Men, - 240 to 1000 reis. No.of hands in 1874-431. Wages j Boys, - 60 to 180 reis. ( Women and Girls, 70 to 160 reis. Production in 1874—71,600 tons of 1st quality ; 197.576 tons of the sec- ond, and 1532 tons of the third : Total, 1801.176. Price per ton at the mouth of the mine : First quality : 54$000 reis. Second " 47$000 reis. Third " 34$000 reis. Depth of the work in the mine of Malhada— 218.6 metres. Motors employed : 6 hydraulic wheels for the extraction, pumping, washing, movement of the debris; 2 steam engines, one of 16 horse power that works during the dry season to extract the ore; from the German factory of A. Richard Herman de Aachen, and the other one of 14 horse power, from the English factory of Robey & Co., of London, to assist the mechanical preparation and transportation of the debris. Enclosing rocks — Laurentian argillaceous talc schists. Direction — N. S. Inclination — Very changeable almost vertical. Number of lodes ascertained — In the Mine of Malhada, 2. Lode of Malta— E. W. Main Lode— N. 80° E., varying between E.N.E. and E.S.E. Inclination— 70° to S. 10° W. Thickness — Varying between 0.001 metres and 6.00 metres. This last lode is the most important. Let it be observed that the lode becomes poor in the direction E.N.E., and rich when it changes to E.S.E. The principal ore is galena, being accompanied by blend, pyrite, calcareous spar and quartz. The galena contains 0.08 grammes of silver per kilogram. Price of cubic metre pulled out : Soft rock, 800 to 1300 reis. Hard " 1300 to 2000 reis. Number of hours of labor of the miner — 8. The richest ores are exported and the third quality ones are smelted. There is at the mechanical dressing shop the following apparatuses : 5 sets of stampers. 1 mill with two crushing rollers. 7 classifiers. 4 washing-boxes, Rutlinger's system. 1 " Sievers' system. 2 " Freiberg's system. 2 rundheerd. 2 " debourbage " cases. At the foundry shop there are as motors : 1 hydraulic wheel. 1 steam engine of 8 horse power of Robey & Co., of London. As apparatuses : 1 blasting engine. 1 crushing machine. 3 reverberatory furnaces. 2 small blast furnaces. 1 apparatus for the operation of " zincage ;'' each boiler has a capacity for 10 tons. 1 oven for the sublimation of zinc. 1 cupel-furnace. Number of hands at the foundry— 24. Wages, 320 to 460 reis. The mines are situated at the shores of the river Mau ; an affluent of the Vouga ; they communicate with the navigable part of this river by a tramway of 9 kilometres long. 54 Working T^rodiip- Years. Expenses. tion. Inaposts. Eemarks. Eeis. Tons. J 350008000 (-From 1836 to 1849 The product from 1836 1837tol839 700.922 4 inclusive. to 1839 inclusive, is 1840tol850 [ 8691000 reis. supposed to have been 1850...? of 8813 tons. 1851—1852 12,000$000 236.777 47,0001000 937.699 C Exempt from im- It does not pay any fixed 1853—1855 44,086f032 1,013.472 \ posts from 1854 [ to 1863. impost on account of having been granted previous to 1852. 1856—1860 133,891$979 3,136.677 1861—1865 139,541$715 4,253.895 ] From 1864 to 1874 1866—1870 166,104$739 7,424.814 [ inclusive. 1871—1874 213,0635720 7,135.665 J 8.076$292 696,6881185 23,064.513 8,076$292 The foundry of D. Fer- nando commenced in 1842. The mining of Malhada cemmenced in 1851: The labors of the mine of Brayal are at present suspended. Samples, Class 100 : 1. Galena. 1. Schist, enclosing rock. 2. Schist, 3. Quartz. 4. Iron pyrite. 5. Calcareous spar. 6. Schistous gangue. 7. Quartz and iron pryites. 8. Calcareous spar. 9. Galena. 10. Galena. 11. Antimoniferous galena. 12. Galena in chrystals. 13. Galena in chrystals. 14. Blende with schistous gangue. 15. Blende. 16. Orbicular blende. Products of mechanical dressing : 17. Galena and schist (mixture). 18. Sterile schist. 19. Sterile iron pyrites. 20. Galena, sieves size 32 to 22 mil. 21. " " 22 to 12 " 22. " " 16 to 12 " 55 23. Galena, sieves size 12 to 10 24. " " 10 to 8 25. " " 8 to 6 26. " " 6 to 4 27. " " 4 to 3 28. " " 3 to 2 29. " " 2 to 1 30.. " " Imil. 31. " " i " 32. Eund-heerd. 33. Lead in bar, Class 113. 12.— Mine of "Coval da Mo "—Lead. Location— "Freguesia" and " Concelho," of Severdo Vouga, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee— Diederick Mathias Fewerheerd & Co., Exhibitors. Operator, " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1860. Area— 368 hect. 90 ar. 00 cent. r Men, 200 to 600 reis. No. of hands in 1874-119. Wages] Boys, 120 reis. (Women and girls, 100 to 120 reis. Production in 1874—35 tons of second quality ; 307,832 of the third; total, 342,832 tons, Price per ton at the mouth of the mine — second quality, 45$000 reis ; third quality, 34$000 reis. Depth of labors — 140 metres. Motors employed — A turbine, Schwammkrug's make ; theoretical power, 167 horse power ; useful power, 100 horse power ; minimum, 30 horse power ; making 90 revolutions per minute. The power is divided as follows : 45 horse power for pumping purpose. 15 ' " " extraction. 25 " " mechanical dressing. The balance of power for sawing. The turbine is placed at the shore of the Villarinho river, 880.513 metres distant from the main shaft. Difierence of leVel between the turbine and the mouth of the main shaft Difference of level between the mouth of the main shaft and the highest point in the ground where the wire rope passes Difference of level between this point and the turbine, The transmission of power is made by means of wire ropes, Hirn's make, of 36 wires. The pulleys are placed at distances shorter than 100 metres. Vertical fall of the water, 43 metres. Useful fall of the water, 42 metres. Inside diameter of the pipes, 0.57 metres. 111.248 m. 73.023 m. 184.271 m. 56 Diameter of the wheel, 3.50 metres. Works with water from 100 to 300 litres. A steam engine of Robey & Co., of Lincoln, of 16 horse-power, which substitutes the turbine during the dry season. The apparatuses of mechanical dressing are the same as those of the Malhada mine : 4 Ruttlinger's boxes. 1 Sievers' box. 2 boxes for washing off the mud. 2 boxes for washing (dSbourbage). 6 classifiers. Hours of labor of the miners — 8 hours. The enclosing rocks of the lode are the laurentian talc schists. Direction— N. 10° E. Number of lodes ascertained — two. Direction — 1 lode, N. 60° to 65° E., the main one. Direction — 1 lode, E.W. The ores found in this mine are like those of Malhada, and the col- lection exhibited by the mine of Malhada represents also the Mine of Coval da Mo. Years. "Working Expenses. Eeis. Production Tons. Imposts. Beis. 1860 1861 to 1865 1866 to 1870 1871 to 1874 1,126^300 12,7653i270 54,981§535 48,796$999 3.000 30.349 1,328.609 495.252 [ 84.129 Total 117,670fl04 1,857.210 84,129 13. — Mine of " Carvalhal." — Lead. Location — " Preguesia " of Ribeira da Fraguas, " Concelho " d'Alber- garia-a-Velha, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee. — Jos6 Maria Pinto Basto and F. Andrewes. Operator.— Lusitanian Mining Company, limited, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1856. Area — 263 hect. 06 ar. 00 cent. The labors are very little active at present. Production in 1875 — 10 English tons. Price per ton at the mouth of the mine — £17. 7s. Op. Depth of works— 123,76 metres (a main shaft that follows the dip of the main lode.) Motors employed— 3 hydraulic wheels from 20 to 35 hose-power, and 1 kevel (malacate). Enclosing rocks — Gneiss. 57 Number of lodes ascertained- lodes. Principal lode — Direction — E.W. Inclination — 52°- to the N. Thickness — From 0.07 metres to 1.00 metres. -Great, Copper, Valle and Gaunter, Years. Working Expenses in Eeis. Production Tons. Imposta. 1858 1859 to 1860 1861 to 1865 1866 to 1870 1371 to 1874 4301000 1,781$495 30,2271873 71,134$466 40,6981747 None. 6,250 108,304 1,016,760 650,500 From 1859 to • 1874, 92$787 143,8421581 1,781,814 92$787 Apparatuses of mechanical dressing: 8 English sieves. 2 crushing rollers. 1 round buddle. Several boxes and labyrinths. This mine is situated on the shores of the river Caina, affluent of Vouga. Communicates by a good highway, with a station on the Northern Railroad called Estarreja, from where it is about 12 kilome- tres. The Caunter lode, second in importance, has : Thickness — ^Frora 0.07 metres to 1.00 metres. Direction— N. 35° W. Inclination — 60° N. Samples — Class 100. 1. Galena, iron pyrite. 2. Blende. 14. — Mine of "Pego." — Lead. Location — " Freguesia " of Adorigo, " Conceho " of Taboajo, District of Vizeu. Legal Grantee— Ladislas Zarzecki. Operator.— Bernardo Daupias & Co., Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1874. Area— 51 hect. 03 ar. 67 cent. Number of hands in 1875—70. "Wages, 300 to 360 reis. Production in 1875 — 45 tons. Average price per ton at the mouth of the mine — 57 $ 400 reis. 58 Depth of works in 1875 — 45 metres. Motor employed — 1 kevel (malacate) and washing apparatus worked by hand. Enclosing rocks — Cambrian slates. Strike— N. 75° E. Dip — N.W. (almost vertical.) Thickness — 1.00 metres approximately. This mine is situated on the shores of the Douro river, hardly navigable, and is about 15 kilometres from Villa do Peso da Regoa. Samples, Class 100. 1. Galena (sample showing the thickness of the vein). Products of mechanical dressing. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Galena. 15. — Mine of "Faouca." — Lead and Zinc. Location — " Freguesia " of Villa Cova, " Concelho " and District of Villa Real. Legal G-rantee. — Agostinho Francisco Velho and others, Exhibitors. Operator. — " " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1872. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875—16 to 21. Enclosing rocks — Cambrian argillaceous slates. Direction — N.W. Inclination — S.W. Number of lodes ascertained — One. Direction— N. 20° W. Inclination — 45° to the N.E., varying to 80°. . Thickness — 0.40 metres. Samples, Class 100. 1. Galena and gangue (iron pyrite and quartz). 2. Galena and gangue (iron pyrite and slate. 3. Galena and quartz. 4. Galena and gangue, blende iron pyrite and quartz. 5. Galena and oxydized products of lead. 6. Galena and gangue. 7. Galena and gangue. 8. Oxydized products of lead. 9. ( hilena and gangue. 10. (,).\ydized products of lead and enclosing rock. 11. Galena and gangue. 12. Pyritous slate. 59 16. — Mine of "Ribeira de Loriz." — Lead. Location — " Freguesia " of S. Martinho do Campo, " Concelho " of V .llongo, District of Oporto. Legal Grantee. — Bento Rodrigues de Oliveira, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " " Commencement of labors — In researches. Area— 50 liect. 80 ar. 00 cent. Enclosing rocks — Argillaceous slates. Number of lodes ascertained — Two. Direction— N. 25° to 30° W. Inclination — 0.44 metre. Samples, Class 100. 1. Galena, iron pyrite and quartz. 17. — Mine os "Ribeiro da Lomba." — Lead. Location "Freguesia" of Eaiva, "Concelho" of Castello de Paiva, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee. — Visoonde de Treixo, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " Commencement of labors — In 1872. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Depth of works — 48 metres. Motors employed — Windlasses moved by hand. Enclosing rocks — Metamorphic slates. Direction— N. 30° W. Main lode. Direction— N. 75° E. Inclination— 76° to the S. Years. Working Expenses. Production. Imposts (Fixed). Observations, 1873 1874 10,886 $390 14,092 $960 "1 Without i production. 875 reis. \ Work sus- / pended. Total.. 24,9791350 875 reis. Samples, Class 100. 1. Argentiferous galena, 0.3 per cent, of silver. 2. Samples of the lode and enclosing rock containing argentifer- ous galena, sulphate of baryta, blende, quartz, copper pyrite, and argilaceous slate. 18. — Mine of " Castanheira." — Lead. Location — " Freguesia " of Kaiva, " Concelho " of Castello de Paiva, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee.— Visoonde de Freixo, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " Commencement of labors— In researches. 60 Area.— 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Enclosing rocks. — Metamorphic slates. Direction ") .,, , , , Inclination | ^^ry changeable. Number of lodes ascertained.— Three, two only being metallized. Direction of the metallized lodes — N.E. Thickness-^0.40 metres. The workings of this mine are temporarily suspended. Samples. Class 100. 1. Argentiferous galena. 0.3 per cent of silver. 2. Samples of the lode and enclosing rock. 19. — Mine of "Torre Trigueiros." Exhibitor. — Jose Goncalves de Moraes. This mine has not yet being officially granted. Samples, Class 100. 1. Galena. 20. — Mine of "Herdade da Prata." — Antimony. Location — "Freguesia" of S. Thiago do Escoural, "Concelho" of Montomor-o-Novo, District of Evora. Legal Grantee — JosS Hygino Ferreira Castello. Operator- — Carlos Frederico BlanoK, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1871. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875 — Work interrupted, recommenced in 1876. Depth of works — 20 metres. Motor employed — 1 kevel (" malacate ") moved by hand. Enclosing rocks — Granite and laurentian slates. Number of lodes ascertained — One. Direction— N. 30° W. Inclination — To the W. This deposit is situated 200 metres from the Southeastern Railroad, and about 1,000 metres from the " Casa Branca" station of the said road. This deposit has an irregular form showing itself in the contact of the granites and laurentian slates of the region. "Casa Branca" station is situated 90 kilometres from a port of landing in Tagus in the town of Barreiro. Samples, Class 100. 1. Stibine. 2. Stibine. 3. Stibine. 4. Stibine. 5. Stibine and quartz. 6. Stibine and quartz. 61 21. — Mine of " Ribeiro da Igreja" and "Valle d' Ache."— Antimony. Location — " Concelho " of Vallongo, District of Oporto. Legal Grantee. — " Perseveranoa Company," Exhibitor. Operator. — " " Commencement of labors — In 1832. Enclosing rocks — Silurian slates witli trilobites. Direction of enclosing rocks — N. 10° W. magn. Number of lodes — Two. Direction of lode No. 1 — N. 10° W. magn. Direction of lode No. 2— N. 65° E. magn. Direction of the lode of Valle d'Ache— N. 30° E. These mines are situated 10 kilometres to the N. E. of the city of Oporto. Samples, Class 100. 1. Stibine. 22. — Mine of " Visinhanca." — Antimony. Location — " Freguesia " of S. Martinho do Campo, " Concelho " of Vallongo, District of Oporto. Legal G-rantee. — Bento Rodrigues de Oliveira and Simao A. G-nerreiro Exliibitor. Operator.— Commencement of labors— This mine is hardly in researches. Enclosing rocks— Argillaceous silurian slates. Number of lodes— One. Thickness-0.40 m. to 0.50 m. Samples, Class 100. 1. Stibine and quartz. 23. — Mine of "Mont Alto" — Antimony. Location. — " Freguesia " of CovSllo, " Concelho " of Gondomar, Dis- trict of Oporto. Legal Grantee. — Antonio Martins Henriques & Co., Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1865. Area— 98 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875—150. Wages, 100 to 1|200 reis. Production in 1875—400 tons. Price per ton at the mouth of the mine— 76$000 reis. . Depth of works— 55 metres. Motors employed — A hydraulic wheel of 30 horse-power and a steam- engine of 15. Enclosing rocks — Silurian argillaceous slates. Direction— N.N. W. Inclination — E.S.E. Number of lodes — One working. 62 Direction — N.E. Inclination — Almost vertical. This lode forms, without doubt, part of a system of antimony lodes of Vallongo, that have a direction to the JST.E. and outcrops between the same geological formation. Samples, Class 100. l._^tibine. 2. Stibine with quartz. 3. Enclosing rock, argillaceous slate. 4. Stibine (dressed ore). 5. Stibine (dressed ore). 6. Stibine (dressed ore). 7. Stibine (dressed ore). 24. — Mine of "Cortes Pereiras" — Antimony. Location — " Freguesia " and " Concelho " of Alcoutim, District of Faro. Legal Grantee. — Socledade Descobridora das Minas de Cortes Pereiras, Exlilbitor. Operator. — " " " " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1865. Area — 112 hect. 35 ar. 75 cent. Number of hands in 1875—20. Wages, 240 to 500 reis. Production in 1875 — 4 tons. Price per ton at the mouth of the mine — 36|000 reis. Depth of works — 60 metres. Motors employed — 2 kevels (" malacate ") Enclosing rocks — Slates and grauwacks of the lower carboniferous. Direction— N. 50° W. Inclination — 50° to 75 E". Number of lodes ascertained — 2, of which one is hardly worked. Direction of lode worked — N.W. Inclinasion of lode worked — 73° W. Medium thickness of the lode worked — 1 metre. The unexplored lode has a direction of E.W. The mine is a short distance from the landing place of Alcontim, in Guadiana, about 5 kilometres. This mine exported up to 1875, 325.113 tons. At present there is very little labor carried on. Samples, Class 100. 1. Stibine. 2. Stibine. 3. Gangue, schist and quartz. 4. Enclosing rock, slates. 5. Enclosing rock, slates with possidonomiffi. 6. Enclosing rock, slates with possidonomise. 63 25. — Mine of "Campo Redondo." — Antimony, Operator.— Maximiliano Schreck and Mauriolo Kamp, Exhibitors. Commencement of labors — In researches. Enclosing rocks — Argillaceous slates. This mine is not officially recognized. Samples, Class 100. 1. Stibine. 2. Stebine. 3. Enclosing rocks, slates. 4. Stibine and enclosing rock. 26.— Mine of " Palhal."— Copper. Concelho " d'Alber- Location — " Freguesia " of Ribeira de Fraguas, garia a Velha, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee — Jose Ferreira Pinto Basto. Operator. — Lusitanian Mining Company, limited -Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1864. Area— 437 hect. 22 ar. 20 cent. Number of hands in 1875 — 824. Wages, 50 to 450 reis. Production in 1875 — 932,688 tons of copper ore. Price per ton at the mouth of the mine — 40$000 reis. Depth of works — 365.82 m. (of the main shaft that follows the dip of the principal lode). Motors employed — 8 hydraulic wheels and 3 kevels (" malaeates"). Enclosing rocks — Gneiss and slates of the laure itian age. Number of lodes ascertained — 8. Bastos, Branch, Mill, Bridge, Counter, House, Great Counter and Slide lodes. Direction of main lode — E. W. Bastos. Inclination— 70° to the N. Thickness — 1 metre. Apparatuses of meccanical dressing : 17 English sieves, 3 round-bud- dies, 2 crushing rollers and 1 classifier. This mine is situated 10 kilometers from the Estarreja railroad sta- tion, having a good means of communication. It produces besides pyrites of copper, galena, blende, nickel ore and cobalt ore. Years. Working ex- penses, reis. Production. Tons. Imports, reis. Kemarks. Up to 1852 48.000 • 9,722 $656 1853 to 1855 1856 to 1860 1861 to 1865 1866 to 1870 1871 to 1874 21,463 5750 129,746 $ 033 211,7821426 223,202 $690 149,§86$076 678.350 4,431.964 6,798.255 6,439.572 3,596.840 It eomenced paying fixed imposts in 1858. 735,5801975 21,944.981 64 Samples. Class 100. 1. Chalkopyrite. 2. Chalkopyrite from mechanical dressing of No, 1. 3. Chalkopyrite and quartz. 4. Chalkopyrite and quartz from mechanical dressing of No. 2. 5. Chalkopyrite. 6. Gray copper and iron pyrite, containing silver. 7. Nickeline and chalkopyrite. 8. Cobaltine, erythrine and chalkopyrite. 9. Iron pyrite. 10. Iron pyrite. 11. Gneiss, enclosing rock. 12. Gangues — quartz and calcareous spar. There also occurs some galena with 60z per cent, of lead and 0.114 per cent, of silver. 27.~Miiie of "Telhadella"— Copper. Location — " Freguesia " of Eibeira de Fraguas, " Concelho " of Al- bergaria a Velha, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee. — Companhia da Mina da Telhadella, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1861. Area— 102 hect. 80 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875—114 Wages, 60 to 700 reis. -D J ,. . .orTK (Copper 97,855 kilograms 1 Total production. Production m 1875, | j^^^^ ^g^g^^ kilogrlms } 144,369 kilograms Depth of works — 140.0 metres (in the main shaft, vertical). Motors employed — 2 hydraulic wheels. Enclosing rocks — Gneiss and talc schists of the laurentianage. Direction — N.S. Inclination — E. Number of lodes ascertained — Two: "Bocage" and "Machado." Direction — E.W. Inclination— 60 to the N. 60 to the N. Thickness — 0.8 metre. 0.7 metre. Apparatuses of mechanical dressing — 1 stone-breaker of the American system of Huet & Geyler; 2 crushing rollers; 4 classifiers; 3 sieves, movable ; 8 fixed sieves, system of Sievers ; 2 rund-heerd, 2 washing boxes (debourbage). This mine is situated on the shores of the river Caima, aflJueDt of the Vouga. It communicates by a good highway with the town of Estarreja (being 11 kilometres from it) a station of the Northern Rail- road, 45 kilometres from the city of Oporto. It produces besides copper pyrites, galena, blende, and nickel ore. Samples, Class 100. 1. Chalkopyrite, with gangue of quartz. 2. Chalkopyrite, without gangue. 3. Chalkopyrite, of mechanical dressing. 65 4. Galena, with quartzous gangue. 5. Galena, without gangue. 6. Galena, of mechanical dressing. 7. Blende, with gneiss gangue. 8. Blende, without gangue. 9. Blende, of mechanical dressing. 10. Nicheline, with gneiss gangue. 11. Nickeline, without gangue. 12. Nickeline, of mechanical dressing. 28. — Mine of "Bogalho" — Copper. Location — " Fregusia" of S. Braz de Mattos, " Concelho'' of Alan- droal, District of Evora. Legal Grantee — Jose Rodrignes Tocha. Operator. — " Companhia Portugueza de Mineracao de Cobre," Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — In 1866, by this Company. Area— 167 hect. 50 ar. Number of h mds in 1875—225 ; wages, 120 to 1200 reis. Production in 1875 — 250 tons. Motors employed — A steam-engine of Wolf's system, of 50-horse power ; 2 kevels (malacates) ; ;J pumps ; 1 crusher, and 20 sepa- rating sieves. Enclosing rocks — Laurentian talcschists. Direction— N. 11,0° W. to S. 3o°_E. There are three lodes, of which one is mainly worked, and has the direction of N. 50° E., and the inclination of 80° to the N.W. The other two lodes have the direction of N.S. This deposit is remark- able on account of the great yield of the ore. The thickness of this deposit reaches sometimes to six metres. The principal gangues are the carbonates of iron, quartz, and clay. This mine is located at 25 kilometres from the Eastern railroad. This mine possesses an establishment of dressing ore. The extrac- tion and pumping is made by a steam engine. Samples, Class 100. 1. Chalkopyrite. 2. 3. 4 " and gangue. 5. g. " product of mechanical dressing, selected by hand. 7_ " " " " ore washed in sieves. o' ,1 « " " " " 9_ " " " " extracted from mud. 29. — Mine of "Sobral," Copper. Location — " Freguesia " of S. Bento de Pomares, Concelho and Dis- trict of Evora. Legal Grantee. — Companhia de Mineracao Transtagana, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " 66 Commencement of labors — In 1863. Area— 48 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Enclosing rocks are in part the granite, and in part the talc and am- phibolic schists. Direction— N. 51° W. Inclination — N.E. Tnis deposit has the direction of E.N.E. The continuation of this deposit makes the object of the grant of Alpedreira mine, belonging to the same company. This last mine is entirely enclosed in the granites, and its direction is approximately E.W. To the west of the Sobral grant outcrop amphibolic rocks. ^ The out- crops of these two grants can be' followed a distance of 4 kilometres. The main ore is the chalkopyrite accomponied by gangues of quartz, carbonates of lime and carbonates of iron. It is located at a distance of about 10 kilometres from the South- western Railroad and possesses an establishment of mechanical dress- ing, very complete, whose motive power is furnished by a steam engine of 10 horse power. The extraction is made by another steam engine. Samples, Class 100. 1. Chalcopyrite. 2. 3. Granite, enclosing rock to the east and west of the lode. 4. " with veins of quartz (region of the hanging wall of the lode). 5. Chalcopyrite (20 per cent.), product of mechanical dressing. 6. " (8 per cent.), 7. " and gangue- Q ii it ti 10. Enclosing metamorphic schist of the lode. 30. — Mine of "Juliana." — Copper. Location — " Freguesia " of Sta. Victorio, " Concelho " and District of Beja. Legal G-rantee — Thomas Sequeira and Bduardo Carneiro de Andrade, Exhibitor. Operator— " " " " " Commencement of labors — Li 1872. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Depth of works — 40 meters. Motors employed — 1 kevel (^"malacate") and windlasses moved by men. Enclosing rocks — Silurian slates. Direction— N. 20° W. Number af lodes ascetained — One. Direction— N. 70° W. Inclination— 65° to the N. 20° W. Average thickness — 1.00 m. to 1.40 m. 67 The principal ores are the gray copper, sulphuret of copper and variegated copper pyrites. The gangues are mainly the carbonate of lime. Samples, Class 100. 1. Gray copper and copper glance, with gangue of carbonate of lime. 2. Gray copper, variegated copper pyrites, copper glauce and gangue of carbonate of lime. 3. Products of dressing. 31.— Mine of "Porrg Merendas," Copper. Location— " Freguesia " of Vaqueiros, " Concelho " of Alcoutim, District of Faro. Legal Grantee. — Luis Diogo da Silva. Operator.— Sooiedade da Mlna da Malhada, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors — 1874. Area — 51 hect. 74 ar. 25 cent. Number of hands in 1875—19. Wages, 240 to 500 reis. Enclosing rocks — Grauwackes and argillaceous slates of the lower car- boniferous. Direction— N. 30° W. Number of lodes ascertained — 4. Average direction I ^ to the North-N. 62° W. Average miection. | g.^^ ^.j^^ South— N. 86° 30' W. Inclination — 75° to the N.E. This mine is situated at 15 kilometres from the mouth of the river Odeleite, in Gaudiaua, the road being somewhat difficult. Samples, Class 100 : 1. Chalkopyrite. 2. Chalkopyrite with gangue of carbonate of lime, quartz and grauwack. 3. Chalkopyrite. 4. 5. 32. — Mine of " S. Domingos " — Cupreous Pyrites. Location — " Freguesia " of Sta. Anna de Cambas, " Concelho " of Mertola, District of Beja. Legal Grantee — ^Ernesto Deligny and others (Sabina Company). Operator. — Visconde de Mason de S. Domingos, Exhibitor. Commencement of labors In 1859. The mine of S. Domingos is situated at a distance of 14 kilometres from the Guadiana river and about 50 kilometres from the coast. This deposit is a compact mass of lenticular form, resembling perfectly a ship ; having in the section, taken at 47 metres below the surface, its widest extension, 600 metres long and 60 metres on an average ; this 68 extension goes on diminishing as it goes down. The general direction of this deposit is W.N.W., to E.S.E., following precisely in inclination and direction the stratification of the schists, which belong to the Silurian age. The ore contains an average of 2.75 per cent, oi copper and 45 to 50 per cent of sulphur dry way. ^ The richness in copper with all varies a little. An analysis of Patti- son gives the following composition to the S. Domingoes pyrites : Sulphur 49.30 Iron 41.41 Copper 5.81 Lead 66 Zinc Traces. Thallium Traces. Lime 14 Magnesia Traces. Arsenic -31 Oxygen '25 Gangue 2.00 Moisture -05 99.93 The S. Domingos cupreous pyrites, after being burnt, to get out the sulphur, are handed over to the founders for copper and iron. Comparative analysis of an average of a great many assays of S. Domingos cupreous pyrites and burnt copper ore give : Cupreous Burnt Copper pyrites. Ore. Sulphur 48.90 2.77 Iron 43.90 57.60 Copper 2.46 2.80 Lead 98 1.16 Zinc 44 .50 Arsenic , .55 .25 Silica 70 5.20 Oxygen 1.12 27.20 Lime 20 .25 Moisture 75 2.27 100.00 100.00 The •I'upreous pyrites of Spain and Portugal contain a small portion of gold and silver, which the most minute analysis value them at. 0020 to .0028 per cent., or 20 to 28 grammes of precious metals in one metric ton of the residue of the pyrites burnt to manufacture sulphuric acid. Claudet & Philipps discovered an advantageous process to extract the gold and silver. This process is based in the property that the ioduret of silver has of being almost insoluble in a solution of chloride of sodium at an ordinary temperature. The ore is burnt, with the addition of chloride of sodium, and after- wards washed, with water acidulated with chloridric acid. These waters are treated by the ioduret of potassium, resulting in a deposit composed of sulphate of lead and ioduret of silver and gold 69 as, likewise, different ceramic objects, such as tiles and bricks, and large pots with handles and round bottoms. There were also found and copper salts ; these are separated by being washed with chloridric acid, obtaining afterwards the cement copper by precipitation over metallic iron. The deposit is afterwards decomposed by the metallic zinc and water, resulting in soluble ioduret of zinc, that is separated by filtration, and a rich deposit in silver and gold, whose composition is as follows : Silver 5,95 Gold 0.06 Lead 62.28 Copper 60 Oxyd of Zinc 15.46 Oxyd of Iron ].50 Lime 1.10 Sulphuric Acid 7.68 Insoluble Eesidue 1.75 Oxygen and Loss 3.62 100.00 The precious metals are separated by the ordinary process. The application of this treatment in the manufactory at Widnes, in Liverpool for the year 1871 gave over 16,300 tons of burnt ore: silver, 333.242 grammes; gold, 3.172 grammes; being worth $15,715.60. The special cost of separation, deducting charges for refining, was $2,022.80. According, however, to the samples exhibited the produc- tion for 500 tons of crude ore is : Silver, 204 ounces, valued at $237.94 Gold, 3 " " 63.13 _ $301.07 This does not seem much, but if we think that England consumes an enormous quantity of pyrites, this process applied to 500,000 tons would produce a value of $301,070, which is not to be despised. Archeology. — In this mine, as in many others in Portugal and Spain, we find traces of having been extensively worked by the Komans. The coins found while working show that the working of it by them must have taken place from the ending of the reign of Au- gustus or the accession of Tiberius until the division of the empire under Tlieodosius ; a period of about three and a half centuries. There were found in this place traces of a population which, in all proba- bility, belonged to the date assigned to the Roman exploration. Parts of foundations and other debris of habitation are very abundant; capitals, sockels, and fragments of columns are also found, but in very small quantities and without artistic labor on them. There was found also alongside of the valley where the drain of the mine empties, a row of graves made with slab slates containing the remains of bones ; and yet lately, in the excavations made for some buildings, they came across signs of cremation in cinerary urns : 70 copper objects, such as wild-boar heads, and a statuette. Among the signs of ancient labors the more worthy of mention are without doubt the large wooden wheels that, as the Tharsis mine of Spain, were found in good state of preservation, and which were used to pump the water. ■ These wheels, exclusively of wood, were placed in successive steps, and the water ascended from one to the other. They were ten in number, all covered with troughs in their circumferences, having eight of them a diameter of 16 English feet, and the other two, 12. A gallery was met with made by the ancients for the draining of water, which, after being elongated, served for the modern workings. The Roman works descended more than 20 metres below this gallery. They, being only in search of the richer ores in copper, left to one side those that they considered inferior. From this we find a great irregularity in the works, which has created for the modern operators many difficulties and an increase of expenses in timbering the mine. Actual Mining. — The working of the mine is carried on in three different stories ; the first at 12 metres from the top of the mineral mass, this depth corresponding with the drain gallery. The second story is 16 metres below the first, and the third 24 metres under the second. The ground on the top of the surface of the mass of ore has a thickness of 32 metres. The principal galleries and ways of trans- port were made following the greatest length. They also follow the walls N. and S. of the mass. The other excavations have been made by the method of crossways. There are besides several wells that served for the extraction of the ore, and now are only used for ventila- tion and for direct communication between the different stories. The principal excavations in the ore have the following dimensions: Longitudinal galleries, 2.00 m. X 2.00 m. to 7.50 m. X 8,00. Cross galleries, 1.80 m. X 1-20 m. to 4.00 m. X 6.00 m. The dimensions of the walls are of 2.20 m. X 1.10 m. in the sterile earth on the top of the ore, and 2.00 m. X 2.50 inside of the ore. The total extraction of the ore up the end of the year 1875 is rep- resented by the following figures : Ancient excavations caculated approximately, 150,000 cubic meters. Modern excavations, 537,086 cubic meters. Total, 687,086 cubic meters, 3,085,510 tons. The excavating is done by contract at so much per cubic meter ; the tools, gunpowder and other necessary materials iire supplied to the miners by the enterprise at cost price. The enterprise has, at the same time, for the making and repairing of the tools, a certain number of blacksmiths, by contract, to charge a fixed price for each article made or repaired ; this price comprises only the actual labor, the enterprise furnishing the work-shop, coal and other implements. The labor on the miners' tools is paid by themselves. To diminish the cost and facilitate the mining ; to be able to in- crease rapidly the prodcution, if necessary, and to allow the pulling 71 out of all the ore with less danger for the miners, it was undertaken in the year 1867, the cutting away of the sterile earth covering the mass to the depth of 32 metres. This project was quickly put in execu- tion, and is to-day very much ahead ; the surface of the ore has been already reached, and the work is at present carried on in the open air. The walls of the excavation were made in steps communicating with the surface by tunnels, and by these means the work is being carried on in different steps at the same time, and there are employef* locomo- tives of 20 to 30 horse-power to bring out the dirt. The volume of earth taken out up to the end of 1875 is 2,134,772 cubic metres, at an expense of about £200,000, and the terrace made is used for plant- ing olive groves and grape vines, and lately Eucalyptus globulus. Ore Extraction. — The extraction of the ore of the upper stories is made by locomotives of 30 horse-power, and that of the lower ones is made by a stationary steam-engine of 90 horse-power placed at about 180 metres from the mouth of the tunnel that communicates with them. A second stationary engine works the draining of the mine, trans- mitting the movement to a single-acting pump at a distance of 200 metres. Dressing. — Several systems were tried, and until now none has given a definite result that would secure the enteprise more advantages than the exportation of the ore. The lower part of the mass is withall very poor, not bearing the cost of exportation ; in order to profit the copper out of this ore, the enterprise resolved to establish a system of natural lixiviation inside the mine, by which means the water satu- rated with sulphate of copper is pumped and afterwards placed in pre- cipitating tanks in contact with metallic iron to obtain the cement cop- per. Besides this there is a part of the ore that it is necessary to extract in the course of the work in open air that on account of its low quality cannot be exported. This ore is ground and placed in heaps at a short distance from the mine, where they are sprinkled and the water, after going through the heaps and being saturated with copper, is gathered in precipitating tanks to cement. The pyrites in the presence of air and water are decomposed by great elevation of the temperature which helps the lixiviation. This process will take a long time, but the quantity of copper ob- tained is almost the same as if the ore was previously calcinated, which is the ordinary way of the peninsula when the standard of the ore is very inferior. Excavation. — The transportation of the ore to the landing place is done over a railroad three feet six inches wide by locomotives built in Leith, in Scotland, of an average of 55 horse-power. The distance is about 'l 7 kilometers, but in part of the way, the trafic is automatic. The construction of this road has been very difficult, with grades of 1:19 and curves of 50 metres of radius. It was necessary to have locomotives of great strength and very short ; the transport reaches from 150 to 200 thousand tons. In 1875 there were employed in this service eight locomotives and 300 to 400 cars ; besides this, 15 loco- motives were used in extracting the ore and earth digging. 72 Shipping. — On the shores of the Guadiana river a large wharf was built, where from 1,500 to 2,000 tons can be loaded daily. The Po- marao lauding is thirty miles from the mouth of the river Guadiana, and there is an annual arrival of 400 to 500 vessels, with a tonnage of 250 to 1,500 English tons. Buildings. — The population of S. Domingos, founded by the enterpise, has at present 500 dwellings, a hospital and pharmacy where the wounded are cared for gratuitously, a church, a large building wherein are the offices and also a public hall and library, besides this large factories for the construction and repairing of cars and mam- tainanoe of the locomotives, foundries, and blacksmiths shops, &c. The personnel of the mine is from 1,500 to 2,500 hands, according to the activity of the labors. For the water-works two reservoirs were built to gather rain water, the larger one being able to hold from 5 to 6 million cubic metres. The consumption of water is very large on account of the treatment of the ore, besides the feeding of the steam-engines and locomotives. The capital invested in the mine and its dependencies is as follows : Constructions, machines, railooads £282,000 Stock: Material in depot 30,000 EoUing stock 58,000 Agriculture and other sundry undertaking.... 2,500 Total £372,500^ The principal market for the ore is England and a little in Portugal for the manufacture of chemicals. The commercial movement of the mine is as follows : Years. 1859 1860 1861 1862 18fi3 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 Working ex- penses. Eeis. 95,722,514 108,172,104 129,353,385 147,828,958 169,963,656 184,427,600 170,281,128 120,934,672 146,541,612 2S7,540,e82 197,203,237 227,74G,202 258,174,821 320,758,010 Production in kilograms. 7,887,565 36,892,109 45,372,528 69,166,737 109,301,280 124,968,000 142,478,760 167,020,240 108,870,490 84,595,000 138,646,000 189,090,000 114,836,000 176,949,000 211,355,000 168,700,000 Prices at the mouth of the mine. 162,555,120 231,189,818 443,552,340 507,129,000 578,188,905 850,718,250 441,804,188 343,455,700 444,221,784 529,073,820 382,633,552 961,186,968 1,184,29S,650 852,441,100 Fixed ; Proportional Impost. Impost. 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 Eeis. 3,231,758 6,150,885 15,709,947 17,965,002 20,411,262 33,314,632 13,576,153 11,126,051 14,884,008 12,076,656 9,271,515 36,672,038 46,306,191 26,584,154 Total.... 2,474,648,581 I 1,896,128,709 7,912,419,177 18,480 267,280,152 If we were to add to these imposts other additional ones amounting to 14,129,358 it would result paid to the treasur '7, 281,409,510 73 The director of the mine, representing the enterprise in Portugal, is Mr. James Mason, who, on account of services rendered to the Portu- guese Industry, was made Baron de Pomarao, and afterwards Viscount Mason de S. Domingos, by His Majesty the King of Portugal. The director of the commercial administration is M. F. T. Barry, whom the Government of Portugal decorated Commander of the Order of Christ. Samples, Class 100 : 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 30. Rock, contiguous to the surface of the mass. " 10 m. to the N. and 10 m. on top the surface of the mass. „ jg ,.. ...... " 35 • Outcrops, N. S. S. S. and 10 and 40 and 32 and 40 20 35 Rock, 10 " N. and 4 6 " S. and 8 " 12 " S. and 12 5 " N. and 10 " 20 " S. and 27 Outcrops, 60 " S. and 35 Rock, 5 " N. and 3 Rock, contiguous to the side of the mass. Rock, 15 m. to the N. and 20 m. on top of the surface of the mass. Rock, contiguous to the side of the mass. Rock, contiguous to the surface of the mass. Rock, con.iguous to the side of the mass. Rock, 15 m. to the S. and 10 m. on top of the surface of the mass. Rock, 7 m. to the N. and 2 m. on top of the surface of the mass. Rock, 10 m. to the S. and 10 m. on top of the surface of the mass. Rock, 3 m. to the N. at the level of the surface of the mass. Rock; 3 m. to the N. and 4 m. on top of the surface of the mass. R6ck, contiguous to the surface of the mass. Rock, contiguous to the surface of the mass. Rock, 7 m. to the N. and 9 m. on top of the surface of the mass. Rock, from the valley at 100 m. to the N. of surface of the mass. Rock, from the vallley at 150 m. to the S. of surface of the mass. Rubbish of ancient labors. 1 j- Cupreous pyrites from several parts of the deposit. I Silver ingot. See Class 110. Gold ingot. See Class 110. Model of a Roman wheel. See Class 120. Plnas of the labors. See Class 120. Photographic views of the mine. See Class 120. Description of the mine. 74 33. — Mines of "Aljustrel." — Cupreous Pyrites, Location — " Freguesia" and "Concelho" of Aljiistrel, district of Beja. Legal Grantee — "Companhia de Mineracao Transtagana," Exhibitor. Operator— " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1866. Area— 179 hect. 48 ar. 63 cent. The Aljustrel mines are the object of two grants, known by the title of Mine of Algares and S. Joao do Deserto. The first of these deposits is situated at about 1300 metres to the south of the Castello de Aljustrel, and has the direction, N. 10° W. The second one, sepa- rated from the first by a distance of 2 kilometres, is also situated at about 1300 metres from the Castello de Aljustrel, and has an average direction, E.W. These two deposits are exactly similar and belong to the same metalliferous formation as the mines of S. Domiugos, Tharsis and Rio Tinto. They are deposits in mass intercalated in the stratification of the schists. A cross section of the former shows from east to west : First. Several -outcrops of ferruginous slates and quartzites breccia- form, constituting a strip of 10 meters wide. To these outcrops correspond a mass of pyrites, which at some 40 meters deep were found with 3.70 m. wide, with the yield in copper of 4 to 5 per cent. Second. A sterile zone of 100 meters wide. Third. The outcrops of a second mass visibles in a longitudinal ex- tension of a thousand meters and over, with a width of 25 to 30 meters. Fourth. A zone of porphyric rocks. Fifth. A strip of slates impregnated with carbonates and sulphates of copper, in contact with the porphyric rocks, having a width of 5 me- tres by 800 to 1000 metres long. Sixth. A strip of quartzites and metamorphic slates of 10 to 15 metres at its largest width, situated at a little distance from the cup- riferous slates, following also the direction of N. 10^ W. This section, taken at the point of Moinho dos Algares, occupies a width of 270 metres more or less. In the mine of S. Joao do Dezerto there are found similar outcrops, but not so distinct as in the other one. The lal)()rs executed in the sec(md mass, of which we spoke, de- scribing the section of the mine of Algares, show that this deposit is divided in two layers, separated by a sterile stripe of slates. The thickness of the ore of the t«'o layers together at the central part of the labors executed is 13.40m. at the level of 56 metres ; 18.50m. at the level of 70 metres; 25m. at the level of 80 metres! The labors I'nibrace a longitudinal extension of 280 metres. At the mine ol' S. Joao de Dezerto the labors embrace a longi- tudinal extension of 470 metres, and this deposit shows thicknesses varying between 5 and 34 metres. In any of the two deposits the labors so far executed have not reached either to all the length or depth. 75 The quantity of ore already ascertained by these labors is about 1,500,000 tons. These mines are now prepared for a large production, which each year may increase. The cutting in open air, lately exe- cuted in the mine of S. Joao do Dezerto, will very much facilitate the operation. In the mine of Algares there is an Addit gallery serving for the drainage and transportation of the ore, which runs at a level of 70 metres. These mines, communicate now with the Southeastern railroad by a private narrow-gauge railroad, thereby having direct communication with the important harbor of Lisbon. Table of the assays of the ore of the Aljustrel mines from the vears 1868 to 1872. YIELD IN COPPER. Sampling Places. to 1 p. c. 1 to 2|2 to 3 p. c. p. c. 1 to 44 to 5I5 to 6 li to 7 p. c. ! p. c. 1 p. c. 1 p. c. 1 7 to 8 9 tolO p. c, ' p. c. 13tol4 p. c. Total Mine f Level of 56 m. Al- -I Level of 70 m. gares (Level of 80 ra. 39 62 35 89 78 107 129 36 30 420 78 107 Total No. of Assays. 39 62 35 274 129 36 30 605 Mine of S. ( Ist Level Joao do < 2nd " Deserto. 3rd " 17 28 15 137 174 25 17 20 69 .39 74 6 26 4 83 280 287 TotalNo. of Assays. 45 326 42 128 74 31 4 650 These assays are not sufficiently certain to determine the average yield of the ore of the Aljustrel masses. It seems, however, that the Algares deposit is richer than the one of S. Joao do Deserto, and that the ores of high yield are relatively more frequent than in other de- posits of the same.nature. The vestiges of ancient labors found in this mine are very interest- ing. Besides large piles of ancient rubbish, there were found small crucibles, containing yet the assay, ropes, shoes lamps, etc. Samples, Class 100. ' 1. Cupreous pyrite (level 80). 2. Cupreous pyrite (level 100). 3. Cupreous pyrite ( level 70). 4. Cupreous pyrite (level 70). ^4 (a). Cupriferous slates (level 70). f 5. Cupreous pyrite (level of Addit). 6. Cupreous pyrite (1st level). 7. Cupreous pyrite (cuttings). 8. Cupreous pyrite (2d level). 34, Mine of "Serra da Cavelra" — Cupreous Pyrite. Location—" Concelho " of Grandola, District of Lisbon. Legal Grantee.— Ernesto Deligny, Exhibitor. Operator. — " Commencement of labors — In 1863. Algares miue S. Joao do De- zerto. 76 Area — 150 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 1875—15 to 40. Enclosing rocks— Slates of the lower carboniferous age. This mine is constituted by 3 masses of cupreous pyrite, entirely embedded in the stratification of the slates and exactly similar to the mines of Aljustrel and S. Domingos. The labors in this mine have been always small and are reduced to the cognizance of the deposit. There are found also in this mine the vestiges of ancient labors, manifested by large piles of rubbish. Samples, Class 100. 1. Roman rubbish. 2. Outcrops of the deposit. 3. Timber from Roman labors. 4. Enclosing rocks, slates from hanging wall. 5. Enclosing rocks, slates from foot wall. 6. Cupreous pyrite from several levels. 35. — Mine of "Chanca." — Cupreous Pyrite. Location— "Freguesia" of Corte de Pinto, " Concelho " of Mertola, District of Beja. Legal Grantee. — F. D. Peuerheerd, Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " Commencement of labors — In 1874 (in searches). Area — 39 hect. 47 ar. 90 cent. Number of hands in 1875—4 to 12. Wages, 340 to 1,200 reis. Enclosing rocks — Porphyr, diorite, and silurian argillaceous slates. Direction— N. 45° W. Inclination- 50° to the N. E. This deposit is of the same nature as those of S. Domingos, Aljus- trel and Serra da Caveira. The labors are, so far, limited to pickings. By the outcrops it seems that this deposit is divided in three mineral layers, separated by layers of slates, having the general direction of N. 45° W. Samples, Class 100. 1. Cupreous pyrite. 36.— Mine of "Logar d'Aboim." — Tin. Location—" Freguesia" of Rebordosa, " Concelho" of Paredes, District of Oporto. Legal Grantee. — "Companhia Peraeveranoa," Exhibitor. Operator. — " " " Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. This deposit occurs in stockwerk form in a mass of porphyric gran- ite, having the maximum width of 30 metres by 65 long. The labors in this mine are little active. 77 Samples, Class 100. 1. Cassiterite in chrystals. 2. Enclosing rocks and gangues, granite, wolfram and quartz. 3. Stanniferous sands. 4. Tin in bar. See Class 113. 37.— Mines of "Cabeco do Codeco " and Cabeoo do Raposo " — Tin. Location "Freguesia" of S. Martinho d'Angueira, "Concelho" of Miranda do Douro, District of Bragauga. Iiegal Grantee. — Companhia Mineracao de estanho de Tras-os-Montes, Exhibitor. Operator.— " " " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1864. Area— 234 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. There are a great number of veins ascertained, with directions generally W.N.W. The enclosing rocks are the metamorphic schists of the laurentian age. The gangues are the quartz, mica, wolfram. In the Cabejo do Raposo mine there are many veins distributed in a metalliferous region of 400 metres. The veins have several directions between N. 30° W. and N. 55° E. The thickness of the metallized part of these veins is always very small, not exceeding 45 centimetres. The labors have always been very small, and the veins have not proved themselves very rich, whether in truth they are not very rich or the system of the useful veins is not well known. Until 1873 the work done is in the Cabego do Codego mine : Galleries 390 metres. Wells 120 metres. In the Cabego do Raposo mine is Galleries 580 metres. Wells 120 metres. Since then the work done has been very little, and the deposits are not known but to a small depth. Samples, Class 100 : 1. Cassiierite (sample showing the nature of the lode.) 1. Cassiterite (sample showing the nature of the lode.) 2. Cassiterite. 3. Cassiterite in chrystals. 4. Cassiterite in chrystals. 5. Cassiterite with slate— enclosing rock. 6. Cassiterite with slate and tourmaline. 7. Cassiterite washed, product of mechanical dressing. 8. Tin in bar. See Class 113. 78 38.— Mine of " Outeiro dos Hujos "— Tin. Location—" Frequesia," of Serrazes, " Concelho," of S. Pedro do Sul, District of Vizeu. Legal Grantee.— Companliia da Mineracao de S. Pedro do Sul, Exhibitor Operator. — " " " Commencement of labors — In 1869. Area — 69 liect, 60 ar. 00 cent. There are two veins ascertained, whose direction is N. 10° W. with a thickness of 0.10 m. to 0.70 m. Gangue — Quartz and tourmaline. The enclosing rocks are the metamorphic slates of the laurentian age. The granites outcrop near by. Samples, Class 100. 1. Cassiterite and gangue. — quartz and mica. 2. Tin in bars. See Classs 113. 39.— Mine of "Senhora do CasteUo."— Tin. Location — "Concelho" of Vouzella, District of Vizeu. Exhibitor. — Joao Correa d'Oliveira. This mine is not yet granted : it is situated at a short distance from the mine of Outeiro dos Hujos. Samples, Class 100. 1. Cassiterite and gaugues, quartz and mica. 2. Tin in bars. See Class 113. 40. — Mine of " Serrinha da Casoalheira" — Tin. Location — "Freguesia" of Fontes, "Concelho" of S. Martha de Penaguiao, District of Villa Keal. Legal G-rantee. — Carlos Goldbeck and Maxlmiliano Schreck, Exhibitor. Operator.— " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1871. Area — 50 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. Number of hands in 18 7'i 3'i. There are eight veins ascertainyd with the general rlirectiou N. 37° 20'' E. with great inclination towards the N.W. Maximum thicknrris — 60 centimetres. Gangue — quartz. The cnclo.-iuii rocks are the metamorphic .elates of the Cambrian system, next to the granite. The labors of this mine are small. Samples, (!la?s 100. 1. Cassiterite ami gangue — quartz and mica. 41.— Mine of " S. Pedro da Cova."— Coal. Location—" Freguesia" of S. Pedro da Cova," " Concelho" of Gondo- mar, District of Porto. Legal Grantee— Conde de Farrobo. Operator — Bento Rodrigues de Oliveira, Exhibitor 79 Commencement of labors— in 1801. Area— 123 hect. 03 ar. 70 cent. Number of hands in 1875—180. Wages, 100 to 800 reis Paoduction in 1875 : First quality 3,456 tons. Second quality..l7,459 tons. Third quality... 1,050 tons. Fourth quality.. 146 tons. Samples, Class 101. 1. Anthracite'. 2. Enclosing rock, argillaceous slate. Price per ton at'the mine. ..3,690 reis. Price per ton at the mine.. .2,100 reia. Price per ton at the mine... 1,080 reis. Price per ton at the mine... 490 reis. Years. Working ex- penses. Eeis. Production in metrical tons. Value of coal at the mouth of the mine. Total imposts paid. Eeis. 1803 to 1805 ? ? •? ? 1806 to 1820» 138,483$658 54,903,157 207,355i!i225 71,7468409 a 1821 to 1824 9 ? y '25toDec.l0'48 ? ? ? h Dec. 11 to 3^ '48 6881254 ) 1,6398440 1849 10,9871839 [ 11,009:439 20.0()4$.530 1850 9,209$720 J 17,150$260 1851 11,314$150 5,241.276 17,372,¥4S0 1852 11,4061345 5,342.877 18,121$220 1853 11,7;!9$100 5,681,696 20,4228800 1854 12,38511)993 6,123.600 20,0858700 1855 14,62811660 6,108.858 20,9521580 1856 16,1321375 6,199.578 21,1975620 1857 15,742$225 5,800.410 19,3711000 1858 9,021$370 6,193.446 20,6991240 5821614 1859 10,072^110 6,776.380 22,7 638020 G67|i299 1860 11,084S400 7,046.693 26,7498500 823$444 1861 11,9391260 7,514-622 29,095$8ii0 9018748 1862 13,2951959 7,410.953 '29,1371380 8328700 1863 14,2641905 8,319.920 32,666$820 9G78127 1864 16,8381440 8,371.170 32,7518420 8368458 1865 16,657|(i77 8,549.794 33,722?880 8768950 1866 16,3501395 9,115.860 36,144$720 1,0408228 1867 18,815^395 9,127.735 36,3048320 9198214 1868 18,256$120 8,852.902 36,0661750 937^089 1869 16,040§885 8,962,044 36,0991920 1,060$484 1870 20,260$095 9,067.227 36,6151000 8821)983 1871 21,6051962 9,355.632 38,017$740 9208817 1872 21,04855317 9,943.752 40,103.5890 9378307 1873 : 23,4221121 11,024.422 44,834825(1 1,137$589 1874 27,315?577 11,170.700 48,7:{385i;0 1,1331560 1848 to 1852 43,6061308 27,275.288 74,3471930 1853 to 1874 357,5165)981 171,035.698 682,5351970 15,4578611 Bemarks. — a. Profit for the State. h. This Mine and that of Euarcos were rented during this period for 10,000$000 annually. 80 42.— Mine of " Barral."— Coal. Location—" Freguesia " of Lomba, " Concelho " of Gondomar, Dis- trict of Ojiorto. Legal Grantee, — Bento Rodrigues de Oliveira, Exhibitor. Operator.— " " " " Commencement of labors — In 1872. Area— 117 liect. 92 ar. 75 cent. Enclosing rocks — Slates and sanstone. Direction of the coal bed — N. 15° W. Thickness — 0.33 metres to 0.80 metres. Samples, Class 100. 1. Anthracite. 2. Enclosing rock, argillaceous slate. 43.— Mine of " Pijao"— Coal. Location — " Freguesia " of S. Pedro do Paraiso, " Concelho " of Cas- tello de Paiva, District of Aveiro. • Legal Grantee — P. A. de Vasconcellos Pereira Cabral, Exhibitor. Operator— " Commencement of labors — In 18t)5. Area— 136 hect. 50 ar. 00 cent. The coal bed has the direction of N. 30° W., having in some places a thickness of 3 metres. It belongs to the carboniferous formation of S. Pedro da Cova, and Barral. This basin furnishes a great quantity of coal dust, which is utilized by making bricks aglomerating the coal "with calcareous cement. Samples, Class 101. 1. Hard authracite. 2. Friable anthracite. 3. Anthracite aglomerated in rolls with calcareous cement. 4. Anthracite aglomerated in rolls with calcareous cement. 44. — ^Mine of " Povoa de Pedorido " — Coal. Location — " Freguesia " of Pedorido, " Concelho " of Castello de Paiva, District of Aveiro. Legal Grantee — F. S. da Costa Couraca. Operator. — Companhia Union Industrial, Exhibitor, Commencement of labors — In 1868. Area— 90 hect. 00 ar. 00 cent. This basin is constituted by 3 anthracite beds belonging to the car- boniferous age, whose thickness varies between 0.80 metres ami 1,50 metres. Its general direction is N.N.W., with the inclination of 45° totheE.N.E. It belongs to the same carboniferous formation as the mine of S. edro da Cova. 81 Samples, Class 101. 1. Compact anthracite. 2. Anthracite in fragments. 3. Enclosing rocks (argillaceous fossiliferbus schist). 4. Sandstone of carboi?iferous formation. 6. Slate of the foot wall. 6. Psamites of the hanging wall. 45. — Baireto, Antonio Tavarea, THOMAR. Quinta da Granja Quarry. Operator — Francisco Nunes da Costa, Yellow limestone. Production in 1875 — 265 tons. Price at the»iplace of production — 3,100 reis per ton. 46. — Board of Sabicheira Farrisb, (Junta de Parochia da Sabicheira). Valle dos Ovos Quarry. Yellowish limestone. 47- — Bureau of Mines, LISBON. Marbles. Locality. 1. White, with yellowish veins Extremoz. 2. White Extremoz. 1. White Borba. 2. Dark blue Borba. 3. Blue with white veins Borba. 1. White, with green and rose-colored stains Alvito. 2. White, with blue veins Alvito. 1. White, with yellow veins Vianna do Alemtejo. 2. White Vianna do Alemtejo. 1 to 6. 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V31J1U> ooooooooo QOt-OOOOOOO C^ CO CO CO r-l o (D n I 6 in ; a a„ I -i-f 'tH 03 SSrt a ■3 3 g fc Or c fa •CO > *-< ^^ OJ r- a a ^j b_i ^^" "000^ « ^ id -ii .2 ■ aQj CS OT3 O O' O C S S l-s l-s -5i l-s <1 Ha 3 fq <; cc S > a > to Oo3 tj-ts liJ rJ3 rC fi c ri Ci a n f^ 0) oj 0' a a a a a a G hJ K^ 1-1 h:1 l-q P ^q 1— ( CI CO -^ 10 CD t-- a; <1 ^_ 02 q ^ ^ t^ j_ tH (U D 2 rf c« rf i- ^- a)'o '0*0 o o pin Pm C-< P-( OD a: 00000000 * ^o -S^wi, . - m u5 « cncQcOM) cc, — 1. — 1 «. — ,*e v: co.tir-ir- i .a.a.s.§.aaaa J3feas|sai11 0062^ 1 .1 .2, s s c c s ^a ^a cc a; CO i-1 i-1 87 CLASS No. 102. 51. — Direction of the Public Works of the District of Leiria. IiEIRIA. No. Description. Concelho. Locality. Names of tlie proprietors of the Quarries. 1. Marble Anciao Lagarteira Manoel Zuarte. 2. Marble Anciao Lagarteira M. Dias da Cabepa Redonda. 3. Marble Anciao Serrada do Lagar.. Joaquim Pires. 4. Marble Anciao Serrada do Lagar.. Joaquim Pires. 5. Marble Anciao Serrada do Lagar.. Joaquim Pires. 6. Marble Anciao Poleiro .Joaquim Duarte Manpo. 7. Granite Pombal Pombal Public grounds. 8. Marble Leiria Optias Public grounde- 9. Granite Leiria Almointas Public grounds. 10. Granite Leiria Lapa Public grounds. 11. Granite Leiria S. Miguel Public grounds. 12. Limestone ....Batalha Keguengo Public grounds. 13. Limestone ....Batalha Lombas Public grounds. 14. Limestone ....Porto de Moz...Corredoura Joao Carlos and others. 1.5. Limestone ....Porto de Moz...Carvalhos Public grounds. 16. Marble Porto de Moz...Juncal Public grounds. 17. Marble Porto de Moz...Alqueidao Public grounds. 18. Marble Alcobapa Nazareth Public grounds. 19. Marble Alcobapa Nazareth Public grounds. 20. Marble ...Alcobapa Nazareth Public grounds. Price, 4$000 to 4f 800 per cubic metre. 52. — Direction of Public Works of the District of Aveiro. AVEIRO. No. Description. Locality. Concelho. Density^ 1. Granite Agoncida' Feira 2,578 2. Granite Agoncida Feira 2,577 3. Granite Bustello Oliveira d'Azumeis 2,531 4. Granite Va'rziella Coimbra 2,575 5. Granite Serra de Perrinho Coimbra 2,529 6. Granite Anta Coimbra 2,547 7. Granite.... Anta Coimbra 2,581 8. Granite Gallinheiro Coimbra 2,573 9. Granite Talhadas Agueda 2,425 10. Granite Baralhas Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,652 11. Granite Craato Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,568 12. Granite Crasto Oliveira d'Azemeis ...2,597 13. Granite Sebradello Oliveira d'Azemeis !.. 2,592 14 Granite Aguincheira Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,587 15. Granite Aguinoheria Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,546 16^ Granite S6rro Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,500 17. Granite S6rro Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,558 18. Granite Gatiande Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,511 19. Gneiss Outeiro de Sapo Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,597 20. Gneiss Outeiro de Sapo Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,573 21.' Gneiss Outeiro de Sapo Oliveira d'Azemeis 2,491 22'. Granites Giestosa Arouca 2,511 23. Granites Giestosa Arouca 2,596 24. Granites Caracuste Arouca 2,508 25. Granites Caracuste Arouca 2,588 26. Granites Casinha Arouca 2,536 27. Granites Sta. Marinha Arouca 2,513 28. Granites Pedrag Medrozas Arouca 2,577 29. Limestone Seixal Aveiro 2,387 30. Limestone Diversos Anadia 2,598 31. Limestone S. Mathens Anadia 2,613 32. Limestone S. Lourenpo Anadia 2,578 33. Limestone Montouro Anadia 2,583 34. Limestone Matta de Tamengos Anadia 2,608 35. Limestone Ancas Anadia 2,523 36. Limestone Ancas Anadia 2,635 37. Limestone Tamengos Anadia 2,658 38. Limestone Mogofores Anadia 2,655 39. Bed Sandstone Villa-Nova Anadia 2,332 40. Yellow Sandstone Villa-Nova Anadia 2,368 41. Bed Sandstone Lamas Agueda 2,247 42. Red Sandstone Eirol Aveiro 2,550 43. Ked Sandstone Ponte da Rata Aveiro 2,430 44. Red Sandstone Taipa Aveiro 2,492 45. Red Sandstone Recardaes Agueda 2,318 46. Slate Diversos Estarreja 2,229 47. Slate Diversos Estarreja 2,068 48. Slate Carvoeiro Albergaria 2,836 53. — Direction of Public Works of the District of Oporto. OPORTO. No. Description. " Concelho." 1. Sawed pine Gaya 2. Planed pine Gaya 3. Sawed pine Sto. Thyrso 4. Planed pine Sto. Thyrso 5. Sawed pine Villa do Conde 6. Planed pine Villa do Conde 7. Sawed pine Maia 8. Planed pine Maia 9- Sawed pine Penafiel 10. Planed pine ....Penafiel 11. Sawed pine Penafiel 12. Planed pine Penafiel 13. Sawed pine Maia 14. Planed pine Maia 15. Sawed pine Penafiel 16. Planed pine Penafiel 17. Sawed pine Marco de Canazezes 18. Planed pine... Marco de Canazezes 19. Sawed oak Gaya 20. Planed oak Gava 21. Sawed oak Sto. Thyrso 22. Planed oak Sto. Thyrso 23. Sawed oak Villa do Conde 24. Planed oak Villa do Conde 25. Sawed oak Maia 26. Planed oak Maia 27. Sawed oak Amarante 28. Planed oak Amarante 29. Sawed oak Penafiel 30. Planed oak Penafiel 31. Sawed oak Maia 32. Planed oak Maia 33. Sawed oak Penafiel 34. Planod oak Penafiel No. Description. " concelho." 35. Sawed oak Marco de Canavezes 36. Planed oak Marco de Canavezes 37. Sawed chestnut Gaya 38. Planed chestnut Gaya 39. Sawed chestnut Sto. Thyrso 40. Planed chestnut Sto Thyrso 41. Sawed chestnut Villa do Conde 42. Planed chestnut. ..Villa do Conde 43. Sawed chestnut- , Maia 44. Planed chestnut Maia 45. Sawe'd chestnut Pen afiel 46. Planed chestnut Penafiel 47. Sawed chestnut Penafiel 48. Planed chestnut Penafiel 49. Sawed chestnut Penafiel 50. Planed chestnut Penafiel 51. Sawed chestnut Maia 52. Planed chestnut Maia 53. Sawed chestnut Penafiel 54. Planed platan Penafiel 55. Sawed platana Povoa 56. Planed platan Povoa 57. Sawed poplar Penafiel 58. Planed poplar Penafiel 59' Sawed poplar Gaya 60. Planed poplar Gaya 61. Sawed poplar Sto. Thvrso 62. Planed poplar Sto. Thyrso 63. Sawed popl ar Maia 64. Planed poplar Maia 65. Sawed poplar Penafiel 66. Planed poplar Penafiel 67. Sawed poplar Penafiel 68. Planed poplar Penafiel 89 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86 87. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. Sawed poplar JIaia Planed poplar Maia Sawed walnut Penafiel Planed walnut Penafiel Sawed walnut Gaya Planed walnut Gaya Sawed walnut St. Tliyrso Planed walnut St. Thy rso Sawed walnut Villa do Conde Planed walnut Villa do Conde Sawed walnut..! Maia Planed walnut Maia Sawed walnut Penafiel Planed walnut Penafiel Sawed walnut Maia Planed walnut Maia Sawed walnut Penafiel Planed walnut Penafiel Sawed cork wood Maia Planed cork wood Maia Sawed cork wood Maia Planed cork wood Maia Granite Boucas Granite Oporto Granite Boucas Granite Gaya Granite Penafiel Granite St. Thj'rso Granite Gaya Granite Gaya Granite Gaya Granite Penafiel Granite Penafiel 102. Granite Maia 108. Granite Penafiel 104. Granite Marco de Canareses 105. Granite Paredes 106. Graniie Maia 107. Granite Oporto 108. Granite Maia 109. Granite Penafiel 110. Quartz Maia 111. Quartz St. Thyrso 112. Quartz Gaya 113. Quartz Villa do Conde 114. Quartz Penafiel 115. Slate Vallongo 116. Slate Vallongo 117. Slate Povoa 118. Sandstone Paredes 119. Quartzite Vallongo 120. Quartz Vallongo 121. Quartz Vallongo 122. Sandstone Vallongo 123. Sandstone St. Thyrso 124. Quartzite Amarante 125. Quartzite Amarante 126. Iron ore Povoa 127. Slate Povoa 128. Slate Povoa 129. Granite i.-Gaya 130. Slate Gaya 131. Paving brick Gaya 132. Brick Gaya 133. Brick Gaya 1.34. Tile Gaya Note. — The woods are not collective exhibit. from the stones on account of being a GLASS No. 102. 54. — Direction of PubUc 'Works of Vizeu. VIZEU. No. Description. Locality. "Concelho." 1. Porphyritic granite Monte da Povoa Lamego. 2. Fine granite 3. Domingos Lamego. 3. Porphyritic granite Monte da Penuda Lamego. 4. Fine granite Monte da Penuda Lamego. 5. Coarse granite Monte da Penuda Lamego. 6. Fine granite Monte de Lenhos Mangnalde. 7. Coarse granite Santo Antonio de Cabapos Mangualde. 8. Fine granite Senhora de Castello Mangualde. 9. Fine granite Monte de Pamuigos Lamego. 10. Coarse granite Monte de Valle de Maias Lamego. 11. Fine granite Senhora de Castello Mangualde. 12. Very fine granite Monte do Castello Mangualde. 90 54. — Continued. No. Woods. Botaniqal Name. Concelhos. 1. Walnut Fuglans regia (Lin.) Taboafo 2. Cherry Prunus cerasus (Lin.) Taboafo. 3. Pine Pinus maritima (Lin.) Smiaes^ 4. Chestnut Castanea vulgaris (Lin. ) iSinfaes. 5. Oak Quercu.s robur (Lin.) Sinfaes 6. Chestnut Castanea vulgaris (Lin.) Bezende. 7. Cherry Prunus cerasus (Lin.) Eezende. S. Walnut Fuglans regia (Lin.) .' Bezende. 9. Pine Pinus maritima (Lin.) Mortagoa. 10. Oak Quercus robur (Lin.) Mortagoa. 11. Chestnut Castanea vulgaris (Lin.) Mortagoa. Note. — The exhibits are not separated on account of being a collective exhibit of building materials. CLASSES Nos. 102, 206, 207, 208 and 600. 55. — Direction of the Pviblic 'Works of the District of Braga. No. Description. " Concelho." Locality. Price per c. m. 1. Granite Braga Monte Pedroso 4!f)000 reis 2. Granite Barcellos Penedo do Ladrao 455000 reis 3. Granite Guimaraes Mte. de S. Eufemia... oStiUO reis 4. Granite ;... .Braga Mte. das Caldas 4.SUU0 reis .5. Granite Barcellos Mte. da Penida 4!?i500 reis (!, Granite Guimaraes Mte. de S. Martinho... 3^600 reis 7. Granite Braga Mte. de Castro 4Sr)00 reis 8. Granite ;...Fafe Mtc.de S. .Jorge 4Si00O reis 9. Granite Guimaraes Mte. de Sabroso 4S000 reis 10. Porphyr granite... .Guimaraes Mte. de S. .Jorge SlroOO reis 11. Granite .J Amares Mte. de 8. Martha oijiSOO reis 12. Granite Famalicao Mte.de Mogeiges 4S000 reis 13. Granite Povoa de Lanhoso Mte. do Carvod'Est.e.. 4^000 reis 14. Granite Famalicao Mte.de Mogeiges 4Si!()0 reis 15. Granite Amares Mte. de S. Martha 4;?000 reis 16. Granite Esposende Faro de Palmeira 4.S000 reis 17. Granite Villa Verde Pesa FoUes 3^500 reis 18. Granite -Arcos Carqueijal :;>;SOU reis 19. Granite Barca Mte. da Xaia 4ii000 reis 20. Porphyr granite. ...Feigueiras : Mte. de IS. Joao ^t-OUll reis 1. Gravel ■ Barcellos Barcello 100 2. Gravel PovoadeVarzim.. Povoa di- \arzim.... 300 3. Black earth Famalicao Terra Xejira 15?00O 4. Ferruginous clay Barcellos Telheiras IJSOOQ 5. I'lastic clay Barcellos Telheiras 600 6. Sand Braga Rio d'Este 430 7. Plastic clay Barcellos Telheiras 600 8. Figuline clay Villa A'erde Prado 400 9. J'ragnients of quartz and granitc.Braga Confeiteira 800 10. Gravel Braga Area 400 1. Straight Clay Tube Villa Verde.. ..I^ugar de Penedo 100 reis each tube 2. Curved Clay Tube Villa "\'erde....Lugar de l^enedo TOO reis each tube 3. Brick for Vaults Braga S. Bras do Carnio 750 reis per hundred 4. Brick for Vaults Braga S. Bras do Carmo 750 reis per hundred 91 1. Straight clay tube Barcellos Lugar de Sto. Amaro.... 90 each tube 2. Curved clay tube Barcellos.... Lugar de Sto. Amaro... 90 each tube' 3. Brick for pavements...Braga S. Bras da Carmo 2|500 per hundred 4. Brick for vaults Barcellos.... Telheiras ..5$000 per hundred b. Brick for pavement... .Barcellos... .Telheiras 41000 per hundred 6. Brick for vaults Barcellos ....Telheiras 500 per hundred 7. Tile for gutter Braga 8. Bras da Carmo 4$000 per hundred 8. Tile for gutter Barcellos ....Tellieiras 4!ii000 per hundred 9. First quality tile Braga S. Bras da Carmo ■ 900 per hundred 10. Ordinary tile Braga S Bras da C'armo 550 per Jiundred 11. Tile of "propianho".. ..Braga S. Bras da Carmo 450 per hundred 12. Covering tile...i Barcellos ....Telheiras 2$000 per hundred 13. Eidge tile Barcellos. ...Telheiras 31000 per hundred 14. Ordinary tile Barcellos.... Telheiras • 400 per hundred 15. Clay to make tiles Barcellos ....Telheiras 600 per cubicm. 16. Covering tile Barcellos ....Telheiras 1^500 per hundred 17. Guttering tile Barcellos ....Telheiras 11200 per hundred 18. Ordinarv tile Barcellos.... Telheiras 420 per hundred 1. Chestnut, Castanea Vulgaris (Lini Famalicao Calendario 30$000 2. Pear pyrus Comunnis (Lin) Braga Barrio 4.5$000 3. Ash FraxinuB Excelsior (Lin) Terras do Bouro.. .Lugar da Cruz50$000 4. Oak Quercus robur (Lin) Povoa deLanhozo, Simaes 25|000 5. Pine Pinus Maritina (Lin) Guiraaraes Brito lOJOOO 6. Olive. ...Olea Europoea (Lin) Braga Cedafeito 36|000 7. Plantan Aoer-pseudo-plantanus(Lin), Terras do Bouro... Penhalonga....36J1000 8. Cherry...Prunnus Cerasus (Lin) Braga Esparoes 25|000 9. Cork Quercus Suber (Lin) Braga , SeteFontes 35^000 10. ■Walnut..Juglans regia (Liu) Braga.- Lijo 35$000 Note. — The exhibits are not separated on account of being a collective exhibit of building materials. 56 — Direction of the Public Works of the District of Vianna do Caatello VIANNA DO CASTELLO. Price Price pr. cm. at tile where quarry used. Kos. Debcription. Locality. . Concellio. Iteis. Rois. 1 Granite ..Quarry of Eego da Fonte Vianna do Castello 3$440 6|440 2. Granite ..Monte de Affife Vianna do Castello 31440 6J440 3. Granite ..Monte de Anha Vianna do Castello 25il80 31680 i. Granite ..Quarry of Monte de Meadella..Vianna do Castello 211100 3$300 o'. Granite ..Quarry of Monte de Meadella.. Vianna do Castello 1$300 21500 6. Granite ..Quarry of Monte de Meadella.. A'ianna do Castello 480 900 From the bottom of the dock 1 7. Granite ..under construction in Vianna ^ 240 450 do Castello. j 8 Granite ..Monte das Pedras finas Ponte de Lima 3$300 5|000 9'. Granite '..Monte de S. Ganpalo I Ponte de Lima 3$200 4$200 10. Granite ..Monte da Snra. da Conceipao ...Ponte de Lima 3$100 4^000 11' Granite ..Monte de Santo Ovidio Ponte de Lima 720 1$620 12' Granite "Quarry of Sabadao Ponte de Lima 3$900 4$800 13. Granite ..Quarry of Sabadao Ponte de Lima 800 1$520 14. Granite ..Quarry of Santa Cruz Ponte de Lima 400 15. Granite ..Valle de Escadas Ponte da Barca 2$800 5|000 16. Granite ..Quarry of Sobredo Ponte da Barca 3$200 4|800 17. Granite ..Logar de Jfaia Ponte da Barca '2$oOO 5$000 18. Granite .Quarry of Peralva Ponte da Barca 3$200 5f000 92 19. Granite ..Quarry of Tavepas Arcos de Val de Vez...l$500 2$300 20. Granite ..Quarry of Eamalheira Arcos de Val de Vez..l|800 4|000 21. Granite ..Quarry of Tavarella Arcos de Val de Vhz..3$200 3$200 22. Granite ..Quarry of Penopas Arcos de Val de Vez..3!S200 5$000 23. Granite ..Monte da Snra. da Grapa Monsao 3^200 5$000 24. Granite ..Monte daGalvao Monsao 2|100 3i?100 25. Granite ..Monte daPrado Melgapo 2$100 3?il00 26. Granite ..Monte da Prado Melgapo 3|200 4|200 27. Granite ..Marco de Gaufey Valenpa If500 28. Granite ..Marco de Ganfey Valenpa 9$000 29. Granite ..Quarry of Areal do Prado V. N. da Cerveira 1$200 2W00 30. Granite ..Monte de Goios Caminha 3$000 5f440 31. Granite ..Quarry of Lanhelas Caminha 1|900 .mOO 32. Granite ..Monte do Facho Caminha 3$300 5S740 33. Slate Costa do Oceano Vianna do Castello 3.!i5.3.5 4S255 34. Slate Costa do Oceano Vianna do Castello ....3|200 31920 35. Slate SitiodaPonte Vianna do Castello 400 2§500 36. Slate Valle das Flores Vianna do Castello 320 1?M20 37. Slate Talhazeres Vianna do Castello 300 1S800 38. Slate S.Joao .Vianna do Castello 280 lf240 41 to 60. Tiles, large tiles, bricks, drain pipes. Worked. Per cm. 61. Chestnut Fagus Castanea (Lin.) ViannadoCastello...22 to 358000 62. Oak Quercus robur (Lin.) ViannadoCastello...l5 to 24$000 63. Corkwood Quercus suber (Lin.) Viannado Castello. ..18 to 205000 64. Pine Pinus pinea (Lin.) Vianna do Castello. ..12 to 20^000 68. Chestnut Tagus Castanea (Lin.) Vianna do Castello... 20 to 24$000 69. Pine Pinus sylvestris (Lin.) 12to 205000 70. Chestnut Fagus Castanea (Lin.) Vianna do Castello. ..20 to 24J000 71. Pine Pinus pinaster (Sol.).' Vianna do Castello... 12 to 20^000 72 to 79. 8 samples of mortar manufactured at Vianna do Castello, prices rang- ing 5$750, 55330, 4$535, 45520, 35980, 45220, 45200. 80 and 81. 2 samples of Beton manufactured at Vianna do Castello. 82. Lime Algarve 95GO0 83. Lime Algarre In limestone before burning... 9S600 84. Lime Lisbon 85750 85. Lime Coimbra 81865 86. Coarse sand Bar of Lima Vianna 113 87. Fine sand Bar of Lima Vianna 124 88. Fine sand Monte da Anha Vianna 250 89. Siftedsand Bar of Minho' river Vianna 213 90. Granite powder waste 91. Mina sand Darque Vianna 15080 92. Pozzuolana Meadella ^'ianna 75200 93. Pozzuolana S. Miguel Island Vianna 58566 94. Limestone Ancos quarry Aveiro 45750 95. Limestone Algarve quarry 45100 96. Lirae.stone Suburbs of Lisbon 35215 97. Limestone Coimbra 3 $335 Broken stone for causeways from : 98. Gandra Arcos de Valde Ves 400 99. Seroas Barca 500 100. Frega. da Feitosa Ponte do Lima 500 101 360 102. Monte de Camena 960 103. Portella de S. Simao Bridge of Surva 600 104. Quarry of Camande Caminha ■ 600 105. Quarry of Monte de Camande Vianna 450 106. Monte de S. Ovidio Ponte do Lenia 600 93 107. Monte de Lages Poiite do Lenia 840 108. Freguesia de Baiaes Barea 550 109. Freguesia de Oleiroa Barea 550 110. Fregvesia de Covas Villa Verde 600 111. S. Joao da Ribeira Ponte do Lima 700 112. Monte do Prado Ponte do Lima 80o 113. Alluvial deposits 560 114. Freguesia de Fornellos Ponte do Lima 550 115. Convento doB Cruzios Viannd do Gastello 1$800 116. Monte dos Lagos Ponte do Lima 1|700 117. Black locust. ..BiobiniapseudoacaeiafLin.). 118. Laurel Laurus nobilis (Lin.) ViannadoCastello... 12$740 119. Cherry Prunus oerasus (Lin.) ViannadoCastello... 16$360 120. Poplar Populus nigra (Lin.) ViannadoCastello... 10$920 121. Walnut Juglans regia (Lin.) ViannadoCastello... 34^600 122. Pear Pyrus communis (Lin.) ViannadoCastello... 29$120 123'. Ash Fraxinus excelsior (Lin) ViannadoCastello... 38$220 124. Olive OleaEuropea (Lin.) ViannadoCastello...l8 to 20f000 Note. — The exhibits are not separated on account of being a collective exhibit of building materials. CLASS No. 102. 57. — Extremoz Marble QuEurrying Company, BXTRBMOZ. Four samples of marble. Paice on Board. No. 1. White 221000] No. 2. Rose color 22iS000 f Price at the place of production per No 3 Yellow 24^000 f cubic metre from 12$000to 20|000reis. No. 4. Blue 27$p00j Employs 19 -workmen. Wages from 280 to 420 reis. Raw materials from Extremoz and Borba. Annual production — 4,000$000 reis. Markets — Portugal and Spain. 58. — Sales, Germano Jose de, LISBON. Marbles. 1. 1 from Pero Pinheiro 22$500 reis per cubic metre. 2. 1 from Porto Salvo 11^000 reis per cubic metre. 3. 1 from Cintra 26$000 reis per cubic metre. A. 1 from S. Pedro 281000 reis per cubic metre. 5.' 1 from Negraes 24$000 reis per cubic metre. 6. 1 from Maceira 25$000 reis per cubic metre. 7. 1 from Carrasqueira 25$000 reis per cubic metre. 8. 1 from S. Pedro 28$000 reis per cubic metre. 9. 1 from Arrabida 36$000 reis per cubic metre. 10. 1 from Arrabida 36$000 reis per cubic metre. 11. 1 from Monte de Luiz 40f000 reis per cubic metre. 94 12. 1 from Montes Claros 40?000 reis per cubic metre. 13. 1 from Moura ...401000 reis per cubic metre. 14. 1 from Montes Claros 40^000 reis per cubic metre. 15. 1 from Montes Claros 40|000 reis per cubic metre. 16. 1 from Montes Claros 40fObO reis per cubic metre. 17. 1 from Montes Claros 401000 reis per enbic metre. 18. 1 from S. Cruz do Tojal ;...28$000 reis per cubic metre. 19. 1 granite from Oporto 30$000 reis per cubic metre. 20. 1 granite from Lameira IflOO reis per cubic metre. 21. 1 granite from Mattos d'AlvIde 550 reis per cubic metre. 22. 1 granite from Passo d'Arcos... 1$900 reis per cutic metre. 23. 1 granite from S. Domingos de Eana 650 reis per cubic metre. 24. 1 granite from S. Domingos.de Eana 1$100 reis per cubic metre. 5 mortars from Pero Pinheiro, thus : No. 1 900 reis. No. 2 11000 reis. No. 3 11200 reis. No. 4 1?700 j-eis. No. 5 2$500 reis. A freestone measuring 1.20m. X 0.37m. X 0.42m. 59. — Manilha, Francisco dos Santos Lopes, VALLONGO. School Slates and Slate Pencils. CLASSES Nos. 102, 103,. and 104. 60. Administrative Board of Ponta Delgada Artificial Harbor Works. 1. Trachyte. — Hewn and rubble stone, in the localities where there is no other building stone ; very easy to cut in blocks of any size. 2. Basalt, — Hewn stone of inferior quality to remain in sight in buildings of a superior construction, but very proper to be ap- plied in them as an imitation of hewn stone, when covered with cement, which adheres very well to the asperities of the stone ; hewn and rubble stone in inferior constructions. 8. Basalt. — Very hard and difficult to hew; on that account not employed as hewn stone, but only as rubble and loose stone ; the best loose stone in the breakwater. 4. Basalt — Second-cJass hewn stone, usually employed, being the most vulgar, 5. Basalt. — First-class hewn stone, for buildings of a superior con- struction, rare enough. 6. Small Volcanic Scorije (red).— Used as ballasting for rail and macadamized roads, and for garden and park alleys. 7. Small Volcanic Scoriae (black). — Analogous, except in colour, to those of No 1, but not so much used in park and garden al- leys on account of the colour. 95 d. Volcanic Scoriis in Broken Stone. — Broken stone proceeding directly and naturally from the mining and fall of basalt quar- ries, and serving with economy for all the applications of arti- ficial broken stone, as for ballasting of macadamized roads and fabrication of concretes, as those of No. 6 and No. 8. 9. Volcanic Scoriae. — Same nature and application, after broken . as No. 3. 10. Volcanic Tufi". — Analogous to No. 1 in employments. 11. Pozzuolana. — Volcanic argil, employed with great success to give when mixed with lime not hydraulic or slightly hydraulic the properties which the latter requires for composing hydraulic mortars : very abundant in St. Michaels, and explored in great scale in the suburbs of Ponta Delgada for the buildings of the locality and for exportation to the continent of Portugal. It is generally employed in all the public works of the country. The analysis made at the " Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees," of Paris, prove it to be the best of pozzuolanas. In constructions out of water, or in hydraulic works by tides, or in fresh water, the masonry is made with mortar composed of 1 part of lime to 3 parts of pozzuolana, using lime (not hydraulic) for the first kind of works, and slightly hydraulic lime for the second. For works constantly exposed to the sea, slightly hydraulic lime, pozzuolana and coarse sand must be mixed to- gether in equal columns. 12. Tetin. — Volcanic argil, only profitable as ochre, coloring sub- stance. 13. Coarse Sea Sand. — Used in hydraulic mortars for works con- stantly exposed to the sea, as specimen No. 8. 14. Specimen of Mortar. — Three parts of pozzuolana to one of slightly hydraulic lime of Portugal, for the uses explained at No. 4. 15. Double T of Hydraulic Mortar.— Composition of Specimen No. 6 ; intended to prove its resistance in being pulled up. 16. Artificial Stone-Concrete. Hydraulic mortar : 1 (volume) of pozzuolana. No. 4. 1 (volume) of sand. No. 7. 1 (volume) of lime (slightly hydraulic) of Portugal, Broken stone (natural). No. 3. 17. Plastic Clay.— For making tiles, pipes, &c. 18. Tiles. — For covering roofs ; before baking and when baked. 61.— Bureau of Districtal Public Works of Ponta Delgada. No. Description. Observations. 1. Basalt Employed for unhewn stones and to build breakwaters. • 2. Fraohyte Employed for unhewn stones and free stone. 3. Basalt Employed for second-class free stone. 96 4. Basalt Employed for lower quality free stone. 5. Volcanic soft gravel stone Employed for unhewn stone. 6. Artificial stone This stone is formed with broken stone and plaster, whose composition in volumes is three of pozzuolana to one of coarse lime. 7. Pozzuolana This clay is combined with coarse lime in the following proportions : Three parts of pozzuolana to one of lime makes a mortar imminently hydraulic and adapted for building in sweet water, but when it has to be used in buildings exposed to sea water there ought then to be used lime moderately hydraulic, pozzuolana and coarse sand in equal quantities. 8. Tetim Used as ochre. 9. Sundry objects A cube of 0.1 X 0-1 of second-class basalt for free stones, another of 0.24 X 0-10 of first quality for the same : small pieces of stone, volcanic rubbish, employed as broken stones in roads : a brick for the purpose of testing the resistance of the pozzuolana at the pull- ing out. 10. Volcanic rubbish Employed as gravel on the roads. 11. Clay Employed for the manufacture of tiles, drainB,&c. CLASS No. 102. 62. — Rato, Antonio Moreira, LISBON. Bas relief in " lioz " stone, with marble moulding, representing com- merce, industry and arts. Price, 450$000 reis. Samples of marbles: No. Shade. Place of production. Price pr. cm. 1. Eose coloured Pero Pinheiro 22$50o reis 2. Flesh coloured Pero Pinheiro 221500 reis 3. Ked Pero Pinheiro 22?.500 reis 4. Red Pero Pinheiro 22;?.500 reis 5. Lioz .Pero Pinlieiro 22R.500 reis 6. "Sldrafo Pero Pinheiro 22S.J00 reis 7. Yellow Pedra Furada 22.S500 reis 8. Flesh coloured Pedra Furada 22?;500 reis 9. Blue Cintra 22S.500 reis 10. Black Cintra 22S500 reis 11. Breccia Arrabida 2SS200 reis 12. Hypuritic Tojal 22J-500 reis ly. Purple Largateira 28$200 reis 14. White Extremoz 2SS200 reis 1.5. Yellow Extremoz 2SS20O reis 16. Vidrafo Oeiras 15$000 reis Four flower-stands and six " consolas " of marble. A slab from Pero Pinheiro, 1 square metre, 3|300 rei.'^. A slab from Pago d'Arcos, " " 1$000 reis. Granite from Oporto, " " 28$000 eeis. 97 Granite from Cascaes, 1 square metre, 20$000 reis. Basalt from Oeiras, " " 1$300 reis. Building stone from Pero Pinheiro. Worked — One metre, 24|000- reis. Rough state — One metre, 20$000 reis. Seps for gardens — Pero Pinheiro, one metre, 24$000 reis. Worked stone for building, from Pago d'Arcos. Worked — One metre, 14$000 reis. Rough state — One metre, 8$000 reis. Stones for walling purposes from Oeiras. Worked — One metre, 9$000 reis. Rough state — One metre, 7|000 reis. Main office — Lisbon. Employs at the office — 50 men. Wages, 700 to 1,300 reis. 10 children. " 100 to 300 " Employs at the working of the stones at Pero Pinheiro and Pago d'Arcos — 150 men. Wages, 600 to 700 reis. 20 children. " 100 to 300 " Employs also a hydraulic wheel of 10 horse-power. Origin of the material — Pero Pinheiro, Montalvar Pedra Furada, Carrasqueira, Lameiras, S. Pedro de Cintra, Mem Martins, Villa Verde. 63. — Santos, Joaquim Antunes doB, LISBON. A frame with 1 2 samples of Portuguese marbles. A blue marble bath tub from Cintra, price 200 dollars 64.— The Vallongo Slate and Marble Quarries Co., limited. 1. Slate slab, sawn and faced. Price, 13$500 reis. 2. Slate tank, composed of 5 slabs and 4 bolts. Price, 7$200 reis. 3. 4 pieces of ridge roll. 1 4. 2 pieces of Imperials, 5 cent. wide. J^ Per metres 500 reis. 5. 4 pieces of Imperials 6 cent. wide. J 6. 1 round garden table. Price, 3$375 reis. 7. 1 round garden table. Price, 2$800 reis. 8. Tripod stand (slate). Price, 4$500 reis. 9. Tripod stand (wrought iron). Price, 3$000 reis. 10. Enamelled round table. Price 22$500 reis. 11. Enamelled oval table. Price, 13$500 reis, 12. Tripod stand (cast iron). Price, 3|000 reis. 13. Tripod stand (cast iron). Price, 3$000 reis. 14. 2 slabs for 13 table. | g^^j ^^^qqq ^^.^ 15. 3 slabs for 13 table. ) 98 16. Roofing slates, composed of 3 patterns — round, square and oval. 66 cent, x 41 cent 60$000 reis per 1000. 61 cent. X 35 cent 501000 reis per 1000. 61 cent. X 30 cent 45^000 reis per 1000. 56 cent. X 20 cent 351000 reis per 1000. 50 cent, x 25 cent 31S000 reis per 1000. 46 cent, x 25 cent 2551000 reis per 1000. 41 cent. X 25 cent 21$000 reis per 1000. 4] cent. X 20 cent 16f000 reis per 1000. 17. 1 jam and cross piece. ] 18. 1 jam and ornamental pieces, y 62$000 reis. 19. 1 shelf for same. ) 20. 1 enamelled table. Price 6$.500 reis. 21. 1 enamelled table. Price, 6|500 reis. 22. 1 enamelled table. Price, 8$100 reis. 23. 1 enamelled table. Price, 8$100 reis. CLASSES Nos. 102 and 103. 65. — Visoonde de Bessone. Penha Longa Quarries— CINTRA. 1. Dark ashy marble Nuncio quarry, Cintra. 2. Dark marble with white veins Nuncio quarry, Cintra. 3. White rubbed marble Cruz dos quatro Caminhos. 4. White rubbed marble Cruz dos quatro Caminhos. 5. White rubbed marble S, .Jeronimo. 6. White rubbed marble Cruz dos quatro CaminhoB. 7. Ashy marble S. Gonfalo. 8. Ashy marble S Goufalo. 9. Ashy maible with white veins S. Gonpalvo. 10. Reticular yellow marble Terra do Tanque. 11. White rose-colored marble Terra do Tanque. 12. White i-ose-colored marble Terra do Tanque. 13. Polished granite Mina quarry. 14. Powder from stones 11 and 12. Used in making stucco. 15. Powdered lime Fornos de Penha Longa. Price 2$000 to 2$500 reis per cubic metre. CLASS No. 102. 66. — Brites, Antonio Pereira, Torres Novas. Hard stone edgings. Soft stone edgings. Hard stone edgings. Soft stone edgings. 99 CLASS No. 103. 67. — Lisbon Dyeing and Cotton Printing Company, LISBON. Quicklime — 15 kilogrames, 110 reis. Pulverized lime — 1 cubic metre, 1,850 reis. Established in 1873. Employs— 22 men. Wages, 300 to 400 reis. Work, manual — Material from the country. Markets — Portugal, Brazil, and Africa. 68. — Rasca Cement Exploring Company, LISBON. Hydraulic cement. Employs a steam-engine of 10 horse-power and 10 men. Wages, 300 to 700 reis. Annual production — 5,000$000 reis. Price — 6,000 reis per 1,000 kilogrames. CLASS No. 104. 69. — Neuville, Luiz, LISBON. Kaolin. See Class 207. CLASS No. 106. 70. — Administration of the Mint and Stamped Paper, LISBON. A lithographic stone. See Class 344. 71 — Manilha, Francisco dos Santcs Lopes. VALLONGO. Whetstone. CLASS No. 107. 72 —Civil Governor of Portalegre. MARVAO. Phosphorite of Marvao. 73.— Administrative Board of the Sulphurous Baths of Cabeoo de Vide. CABECO DB VIDE. Mineral Waters. 100 74. — Fialho & Irmao, LISBON. Mineral waters from Cabego de Vide. 75. — Freitas, Albino Jose de, EGA. One bottle with mineral water. 76. — Pedras Salgadas Mineral Water Company, OPORTO. Mineral waters. The Springs of Pedras Salgadas are situated at a few kilometres to the north of Villa Pouca de Aguiar, on the left side of the old road from Villa Keal to Chaves, being about from the present high-road 400 metres. Various springs have appeared within the space of two hundred metres, of which four have already been explored and analyzed, two of them, Penedo and Kebordechao, being utilized for drinking and bathing, the other two as yet are only used for bathing. These waters, on account of their principal ingredients, belong to the class of alkaline-gaseous waters, or rather to the bicarbonated and to the species of the bicarbonate of soda ; but together with these in- gredients others of such an importance are found as to render them quite characteristic. The action of these waters is quite incontestable for diseases in the organs of digestion ; and even if given in smaller doses than as usual with similar national and foreign waters, they pro- duce more advantageous and even more rapid result, at least at their source, their medicinal virtues are indubitable in curing diseases of the skin, have long been celebrated in the neighboring villages. It has moreover been remarked that when given in doses equal to those of strong mineral waters the digestive organs cannot support them, a fact observed by the medical men of the place in many patients who have used the waters at their source. The chemical composition of these waters, more complex and richer in mineral principles of the first order, than the best known at home and abroad, their therapeutic effects in various diseases certified by enlightened and conscientious physicians, the unsuspected testimony of the jury of the universal exhibition of Vienna which conferred on these waters the diploma of merit, the highest prize that can be granted to mineral waters, assure to the mineral waters of Pedras Salgadas the first rank among all those of the peninsula. If we add to the excellent qualities of these waters, considered in themselves and compared with others, the superiority of the hygienic conditions in which they are found, the abundance of their springs, the differences in their composition, which render them applicable to dif- 101 ferent diseases and even to difierent patients with the same disease, the pure state in which they are obtained, the unchaugeableness in their composition in every season, it will not be diificult to admit that the Springs of Pedras Salgadas have a right to be well considered. The Waters of Pedras Salgadas on account of, their low temperature and richness in free carbonic acid, can be transported to the most dis- tant places without losing their medicinal properties, and without any alteration when kept out of the light in cool dry places. The analysis of the springs of the alkaline gazeous waters of Pedras Salgadas, was made by the professor of chemistry in the Polytechnic School of Lisbon, Dr. Joseph Julius Eodrigues. Composition of the waters. Bicarbonate of soda of lithia of magnesia.... of lime of strontiana.. of baryta of iron of manganese . Free carbonic acid Sulphate of potassa Chlorate of potassa " ofsoda Azotate of soda Arseniate ofsoda " of alumina Phosphate of alumina Alumine Silica Eeneda. By 1,000 1.8386 0.0154 0.1,W3 0.6197 0.0012 0.0004 0.0212 0.0023 1.1851 0.0448 0.0377 0.0434 0.0385 0.0019 0.0004 0.0003 0.0008 0.0833 Density Temperature N. B. Organic matters.. 4.0953 Eebordechao By 1000 1.791587 0.008434 0.449562 0.570050 0.001545 0.000470 0.022862 0.002923 1.805914 0.0036^0 0.056779 0.013481 0.008788 Vestiges. Vestiges. 0.000590 0.001812 0.071907 Kio. 103 a b S rt.2 P3 'a 4.570414 1.002130 19° .4c Vestiges. 1.002226 12° 6c Vestiges. ai i p, cri u OJ bO a rf ID ^ H For further particulars concerning these mineral waters address (post prepaid) the manager of the company, A. R. Ferreira Vianna, Porto. Awards-At Vienna, 1873. Examined and approved by the Society of Medical Sciences of JJisbon. 77.— Vidago Mineral "Waters Company. Mineral Waters. LISBON. 102 Analysis of Mineral Waters of Vidago. — The waters have been analyzed by Dr. Agostinho Vicente Lourengo, Professor of Chemistry at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon, and member to the Academy of Sciences. He says in his relation : Those excellent gaseous alkaline waters may be compared, for their mineralization and good effects, to the best mineral waters of Europe. In order to prove the relative value of the mineral waters, which composition I have justly shown, I have the honor of sending you a; map containing the fourteen mineral springs, alkaline and gaseous. Those waters are ordered according to their value in carbonate and soda, principal agent of their mineralization. When we read that relation, we can see that the water from the commune of Chaves, called Vidago, is the best of the gaseous waters of Europe. I must note that the waters of Vidago are much preferable to those of Vichy, because thej' contain more iron-carbon, and that is very important in many cases when gaseous and alkaline waters are employed. In a meeting held on the 2d of December, 1874, by the Society of Mudical Sciences of Lisbon, it was proved by the last analysis, made by Dr. A. V. L., that the water of Vidago contains not only double quantity of hicarhon of soda, but yet more carbonic acid than that of Pedras Salgadas. It contains, too, lithic-acid in double quantity, and soda-arsenite, but less than those of Villa Pouca. We read in the journal, Medical Post of Lisbon, of June 15, 1873 :■ " A new analysis has been made b)' Dr. A. V. Lourengo, showing the true value of the chemical composition of the waters of Vidago, and he says that we can do without those of Vichy, since the first are better, on account of their composition, for the use of the The- rapeutics." As to the eifects of the Therapeutics obtained by the waters of Vidago, they are so well known by Portuguese and foreign physicians, especially the Spanish and Brazilian, that it is useless to remember them. The sick people recovered, and those who feel better continu- ally praise the efficacy of those waters. Grand Hotel op Vidago. — Every year, from the 15th of jNIay, the hotel receives travellers till the 15th"of October. Those who will use the waters of Vidago, find in that establishment all the comfort required by their health. There are otHer houses near the hotel prepared for the travel! t:'rs that wish to take baths of alkaline thermal waters. The sick people can be treated, if they chose, by the physicians of the establishment. The number of sick people going to Vidago augments every year. 103 TKe King of Portugal has been, in 1875, at the Grand Hotel, in order to make internal and external use of the waters. The grantees are always improving their establishments, for the sick persons to find, there all the comforts required. We go to Vidago by the railway of Oporto to Paredes, and from there in a stage-coach to Vidago, in the rich and magnificent Valle d'Oura (Valley of Oura) commune of Chaves. . Every complaint and correspondence must be directed to the Un- dertaking of the waters of Vidago, Lisbon, Abegoaria Square, No. 28, third floor. Alkaline Vidago. Analysis of Dr. A. V. Lourenpo, Professor of Chemistry at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon, and member of the Sciences Academy, Lisbon, by 1000 kil. -. Bicarbonate of soda 4,629017 Bicarbonate of potassa 0,048396 Bicarbonate of litliia , 0,037331 Bicarbonate of strontiana 0,000963 Bicarbonate of I ime 0,971350 Bicarbonate of magnesia 0,255404 Bicarbonate of protoxyde of iron 0,013131 Bicarbonate of manganese 0,001053 Sulphate of baryta 0,008939 Sulphate of potassa 0,001002 Chloride of potassium 0,179530 Phosphate of alumina 0,000724 Silicious acid .' 0,061170 Free carbonic acide 1,449408 7,647418 Vestiges of arsenical acid, ammoniac, phosphate sodium, acid organic sub- stances. 104 ALKALINE-GASEOUS WATEES, LASTLY DISCO VEEED. ' Analysis of the alkaline mineral waters of Villa Verde, de Oura and Sabroso by Dr. A. V. L., Professor of Chemistry at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon, and member of the Sciences Academy, Lisbon. SPEINGS NEAB VIDAGO. EVERY THOITSAND KILOS. Va. Verde. Oura. Sabroso. 2,193032 0,006805 0,018014 0,000641 0,385750 0,098386 0,008338 0,001044 0,000125 0,008241 0,063225 0,000158 0,000761 0,057899 2,842419 1,609427 . 4,451845 1,722131 0,031247 0,008048 0,001031 0,532722 0,163544 0,020742 0,001463 0,000294 0,001053 0,058943 0,000286 0,001170 0,059918 0,000724 1,955895 Bicarbonate of potassa 0,009612 Bicarbonate of strontiana 0,001020 0,541987 Bicarbonate of magnesia 0,169014 Bicarbonate of protoxide of iron Bicarbonate of manganese 0,001957 0,001824 0,000626 Sulphate of potassa 0,000723 0,068223 Arseniate of potassa Phosphate of potassa ■ 0,00194 9 Arsenate of sodium 0,000255 0,001811 Alumina 0,055005 Total 2,603316 1,518410 4,121726 2,809444 Free carbonic acid 1,276720 Total 4,086164 Besides above-mentioned substances the waters of Villa Verde con- tain : Vestiges. — Phosphate of sodium — Phosphate ammonium — Nitrogen — Organic substances. The waters of Oura. Vestiges. — Ammonium — Nitrogen-^Organic substances. The waters of Sabroso. Vestiges. — Phosphate of iron protoxyde — Phosphate ammonium — Nitrogen — Organic substances. Use of the Therapeutics. The same as those of Vidago. Awards. — Diploma of Merit at Vienna, 1873. 105 78. — Official Commission of Ponta Delgada. PONTA DELGADA. Mineral waters from S. Miguel Island. Memorandum about the said waters. This memorandum is made up of two reports ; one from the distin- guished chemist of Paris, Mr. F. Fouqu6, the other from Dr. Philo- meno da Camara Mello Cabral, physician of the University of Coimbra, who has under his charge the hospital and the clinics of the "Valle das Furnas." The labors of Mr. Fouque were undertaken by order of the General Board of Ponta Delgada district. The thermal waters of the island of S. Miguel may be divided in respect to their topographical positions in four principal groups. The first, the most important, is formed by the Valle das Furnas ; the second by the waters surrounding Ribeira Grande ; the third comprises only the spring of Ladeira Velha ; and the fourth is constituted by the waters of Morteiros and of Ponta Ferraria. Caldeiea-geakde Springs (Furnas). — From the observations made, it results that the temperature of the water flowing is of 98°. 5 ; frcim which may be deducted that the temperature of the spring ought to be 100° and some decimals. The analysis made on the composition of the gaseous mixture of the spring is as follows : Carbonic acid ■ 988.90 Sulphidric acid 9.50 Azote 1-46 Oxygen 0.14 1,000.00 A litre of water from Caldeira-Grande evaporated gives a dry residue weighing ,1.818 grammes. Attending the super-oxidation of the sulphate of soda, the weight of the dry residue not modified would be equal to 1.767 grammes, which is composed in the following manner: Immediate data of the Analysis : Carbonic acid 293 Sulphuric " •.-• 19 Chlorhydric acid 401 Soda 829 Potassa ° Interpretative table. Carbonate of soda 707 Sulphate of soda 2-5 Sulphate of potassa. 16 Chloride of sodium 646 Sulphuret of sodinm 64 Silica 285 Silicate of soda 24 1.875 1.767 This water contains besides this, vestiges of an arotated organic matter not volatile, colloidal, and of ammoniacal salt. 106 Caldeiea D'Asmodeo Spbings (Furnas.) — The water of this spring gushes with such violence that it is not possible to precisely determine which is its temperature; withal some trials arrive to the conclusion that it may be about 100°. The violence, high temperature, and the position of the main spout of this spring do not allow the collection of gases that are emitted abundantly. A litre of water evaporated gives a dry residue of 1.2669. Immediate data of the Analysis : Carbonic acid 298 Sulphuric " 118 Chlorhydric acid 260 Sulphydric " 25 Silica 222 Soda 779 Potassa 11 1.713 Interpretative table. Carbonate of soda 719 Sulphate of soda 190 Sulphate of potassa 22 Chloride of sodium 420 Sulphuret of sodium 60 Silica 220 Silicate of soda ...,, 5 1.636 Agua Santa. — This spring is of a small flow, possesses at the out- flow a temperature of 88°, and it is not sensibly gaseous. A litre of this water evaporated slowly by the air gives a residue weighing 0.726 grammes. Attending the transformation of the sulphuret in sulphate during the evaporation, the weight of the dry residue not acidified would be equal to 0.706 grammes, decomposing itself as follows : Immediate data of the Analysis : Carbonic acid 49 Sulphuric " 20 Chlorhydric acid Ill Sulphydric " :.... :.. 10 Silica 220 Soda 328 Potassa traces Lime " Interpretative table. Carbonate of soda 120 Sulphate of soda 36 Sulphate of potassa traces Chloride of sodium igQ Silica '.'. 134 Silicate of soda 212 Bicarbonate of lime traces Sulphuret of sodium 24 Padre Jose Spring.— This spring is not abundant; the water possesses at the outflow a temperature of 57°. The o-aseous develop- ment is insignificant. '^ ^ A litre of this water submitted to ebullition loses 102 cubic centi- metres of gas, composed in the following manner : Carbonic acid gc o Azote ' 2 <,' Q Oxygen '..!..,.,.'.'.'.'.'. '..^ 17 mo 107 A litre of this water evaporated leaves a dry residue weighing 0.612 gramme, as follows : Immediate data of the Analysis: Carbonic acid 73 Sulphuric " »... 64 Chlorhydric acid 70 Sulphydric " traces Silica 201 Soda 199 Lime 12 Peroxide of iron 10 629 Interpretative table. Bicarbonate of soda 214 Bicarbonate of lime.. 31 Bicarbonate of iron...... 20 Sulphate of soda 114 Chloride of sodium 113 Silica 201 Sulphydric acid traces 693 Pedro Botelho Spring. — The water of this .spring is enclosed in a small basin, its temperature being approximately 100°. A litre of this water evaporated gives a dry residue weighing 1.003 erammes. Immediate data of the Analysis: Sulphuric acid 447 Chlorhydric " 12 Soda 296 Alum 18 Lime 14 Oxide of iron ..traces Silica 300 1.087 Interpretative table. Sulphate of soda (weight of salt).... 651 Sodic alum (supposed anhydrous).. 87 Sulphate of lime 34 Sulphate of iron traces Silica 300 Chlorhydric acid 12 Sulphuric acid 3 1.087 Qdenturas Spring. — This spring in its opening has a temperature of 48°. The analysis of the gaseous mixture coming out of the spring is as follows : Carbonic acid 995.5 Azote 4.1 Oxygen 0-4 1000.0 A litre of water of this spring submitted to ebullition loses 200 cubic centimetres of gas composed in the following manner : Carbonic acid 192.5 Azote 6.0 Oxygen 1-^ , 200.0 From a litre of water of the Quenturas spring the evaporation leaves a dry residue which weighs 1.014 grammes, viz : Immediate data of the Analysis: Carbonic acid 984 Sulphuric " 1° Chlorhydric acid oi) Silica.."^. 192 Soda 469 Lime ^ Peroxide of iron 4 1736 Interpretative table. Bicarbonate of soda 956 Bicarbonate of lime 8 Bicarbonate of iron 8 Sulphate of soda 26 Silica 192 Chloride of sodium HI 1301 108 Agua Azeda Spring; — This spring furnishes an acidulated water, of 16^ of temperature, excessively gaseous, without of sensible. A litre of this water submitted to ebullition loses 930 cubic centi- metres of a gas composed thus : Carbonic acid -f. 890 Azote 35 Oxygen 5 930 A litre of water evaporated leaves a residue which weighs 0.334 gramme, thus : Immediate data of the Analysis : Carbonic acid 57 Sulphuric " 24 Chlorhydric acid 41 Silica 91 Soda Potassa Lime Peroxide of iron 124 2 4 4 347 Interpretative table. Bicarbonate of soda 170 Bicarbonate of lime 10 Bicarbonate of iron 8 Sulphate of soda 40 Sulphate of potassa 4 Chloride of sodium 67 Silica 91 390 Agua Fria Springs. — This spring furnishes a considerable quan- tity of water of a temperature of 16° and slightly acidulated. A litre of this water submitted to an evaporation, leaves a residue which weighs 1.068 grammes, as follows : Immediate data of Analysis : Carbonic acid 371 Sulphuric " traces Chlorhydric acid 49 Silica 90 Soda , 549 Lime 14 Oxide of iron 10 1083 Interpretative table. Bicarbonate of soda 1219 bicarbonate of lime 36 Bicarbonate of iron 20 Chloride of sodium 80 Sulphates traces Silica • 90 1445 Sanguinhal Springs (Furnas). — The abundance of heat in these springs is so remarkable that it gives a high temperature to the water of a creek which traverses the town of Furnas and runs near it. A litre of water submitted to evaporation gives a residue whose weight is of 0.548 gramme, and whose analysis gives tlie following result : Immediate data of Analysis: Carbonic acid 135 Sulphuric " traces Chlorhydric acid 37 Silica : 140 Soda 204 Lime 10 Pyroxide of iron 22 554 Interpretative table. Bicarbonate of soda 412 Bicarbonale of lime 41 Bicarbonate of iron 44 Chloride of sodium 60 Silica 140 Sulphates t races 697 109 Agua doge do Hospital (Hospital sweet water.) — This water is the one in common use of the hospital, and for this reason its compo- sition is important. A litre of this water submitted to evaporation leaves 22 cubic centi- metres of gas of a gaseous matter composed of: Carbonic acid ....'. 64.5 Azote 31.9 Oxygen 13.G 100.0 A litre of water evaporated gives a residue weighing 0.137 gramme, thus : Immediate data of the Analysis: Carbonic acid 17 Sulphuric " 1 Chlorhydrio acid 45 Silica 20 Soda 63 146 Interpretative table. Carbonate of soda ' 40 Sulphate of soda 2 Chloride of sodium 75 Silica 20 137 Caldeiras do lago das Furnas Springs. — These springs gush at the northern extremity of Lago das Furnas; they are not very abundant. A litre of this water evaporated leaves a residue which weighs 0.278 gramme, as follows : Immediate data of the Analysis. Sulphuric acid 56 Chlorhydric" 59 Silica 95 Soda 79 Potassa 3 Lime 4 Peroxide of iron 4 300 Interpretative table. Sulphate of soda 85 Sulphate of potassa 6 Chloride of sodium 79 Sulphate of lime 9 Oxide of iron 4 Chlorhydric acid 10 Silica 95 288 Caldeira Velha Spring (Ribeira Grande.) — There exists in this place two localities where there is outflow of hot gas and vapors coming from the middle of natural or artificial basins. The waters in small quantity which gush from the springs mix themselves with common water to feed the baths. The temperature in one of the localities is 87°. 5 and 95° in two springs, one north and the other east; in the other one it is of 97°. no A litre of water submitted to evaporation leaves a residue that weighs 1.115 grammes, thus: Interpretative table. Sulphate of soda 155 Sulphate of peroxide of iron 610 Silica ^55^ Sulphuric acid _(S. O" H.) 680 Chlorhydric acid 10 Su phydric acid S Immediate data of the Analysis. Sulphuric acid (S. O.') 976 Chlorhydric acid 10 Soda 67 Peroxide of iron 321 Sulphydric acid.., 3 1.377 Ladeika da Velha Spring. —The temperature is nearly 3j°. A litre of water evaporated gives a residue weighing 0.141 gramme, thus : Immediate data of the Analysis. Chlorhydric acid 74 Soda 63 Silica 21 Sulphydric acid traces 158 Interpretative table. Chloride of sodium 120 Chlorhydric acid 2 Sulphuric acid traces Silica; 21 143 MoSTEiEOS E DE PoNTA Feeeaeia Speings. — These springs are daily covered by the sea- water, and that of Mosteiros is only uncovered in large tides and the wind not blowing from the West. It is not possible to analyse these waters, because they are mixed with sea-water. These data on the mineral waters of the Isles are taken from the excellent report presented by Mr. F. Fouqu^ during the intelligent and zealous administration of the Governor of Ponta Delegada district, His Excellency the Count of Praia da Victoria. METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS. Class 110. — Precious inetals. ClASS 111. — Iron and steel in the pig, ingot, and bar, plates and sheets, with specimens of slags, fluxes, residues, and products of working. CliASS 112. — Copper in ingots, bars, and rolled, with specimens illustrating its various stages of production. Class 113. — Lead, zinc, antimony, and other metals, the result of extractive processes. Class 114. — Alloys used as materials, brass, nickel, silver, solder, etc. Ill CLASS No. 110. 79. — Visconde de Mason de S. Domingos, MBRTOLA. Mine of "S. Domingos." (See page 67.) Ingot of gold — Weight, 3 English ounces, value £13. Ingot of silver — "Weight, 204 English ounces, value £49. These ingots were produced from 500 tons of Mason's pyrites, by Frederick Claudet's Patent Process for the recovery of silver and gold from copper pyrites treated by wet extraction. 80. — Ferreira & Souza, OPORTO. Gold-leaf, gold dust, and gold fillings for dentists. 81. — Cardozo Junior, Jose Pereira. OPORTO. Gold leaf of diiferent qualities ; silver, alluminum and platina leaf, gold for gilding metals ; gold, silver and tin for dentists' use; Annual production— 36,000$000 to 40,000|000 reis. Markets — Portugal, Spain and Brazil. Awards: Medal at Paris, 1855 and 1857 ; Oporto, 1857, 1861 and 1865; Braga, 1865, and Vienna, 1873. CLASS No. 113. 82. — Diedrick Mathias Feuerheerd & Co. SEVER DO VOUGA. Mines of " Malliada" and " Coval da Mo." (See page 55.) Lead. 83. — Compantiia Minercao de Estanho de Traz-os-Montes, MIRANDA DO DOURO. Mines of " Cabeco do Codeco " and " Cabeco do Raposo." Tin. (See page 77.) 84. — CompanMa de Mineracao de S. Pedro do Sul, S. PEDRO DO SUL. Mine of " Outeiro dos Hujos "—See Page 78. Tin. 112 85. — Joao Correa de Oliveira, S. PEDRO DO SUL. Mine of " Senhora do Castello." (See page 78.) Tin. 86. — Companhia Perseveranoa, OPORTO. Mine of " Logar de Aboim." (See page 76.) Tin. MINING ENGINEERING -MODELS, MAPS AND SECTIONS. Class 120. — Surface and underground surveying and plotting. Projection of un- derground work, location of shafts, tunnels, etc. Surveys for aqueducts and for drainage. Boring and drilling rocks, shafts and tunnels, etc. Surveys for aqueducts, and for ascertaining the natui'e and extent of mineral deposits. Construction. Sinking and lining shafts by various methods, driving and timbering tunnels, and the general operations of opening, stopping and breaking down ore, timbering, lagging, and masonry. Hoisting and delivering at the surface, rock, ore or miners. Pumping and draining by engines, buckets or by adits. Ventilation and lighting. Subaqueous mining, blasting, etc. Hydraulic mining, and the various processes and methods of sluicing and washing auriferous gravel, and other superficial deposits. Quarrying. Class 121. — Models of mines, of veins, etc. 87. — Bureau of Mines, LISBON. Surveys whose execution the Government orders to ascertain the existence of the mineral deposits and determine the area of the grants of mines. 1. Plan of the Mcncorvo Iron Mines (See page 7), surveyed by Lou- renco Malheiro and P. V. da Costa Sequeira, Mining Engineers. Sf-'f IS; lOMo- This map shows the shape of the deposit of the iron mine oj Moncorvo, the distribution of the ore on the surface outlined in blue ink ; the extension of the legal grants of mines, embrac- ing 33, which are outlined in red ink, a.s likewise the miueralo- gical nature of the soil. Plans cif mining labors that the grantees are obliged to send an- nually to the Ministry of Public Works. 2. Horizontal plan of the works of the iron mine of Monges in 1.S73 650.' Scale, i 113 3. Longitudinal and transversal sections of th; deposit of Monges in 1873. Scale, ,J„. 4. Horizontal and vertical projection of the works of the lead mine of Malhada in 1873. Scale, i„. o. Horizontal and vertical projection of the works of the antimony- mine of Monte Alto in 1874. Scale, ^J^. 6. Horizontal and vertical projection of the works of the coal mine of S. Pedro do Cova in 1874. Scale, ^ 1000 88. -Lourenco Malheiro, Mining Engineer. LISBON. 1. The Pentagonal System in Spain and Portugal. 2. The Pentagonal System in Portugal. ^ These two maps comprise the graphical determination of the Great Circles of the Pentagonal System (Efeeau Pentagonal) which pass through Spain and Portugal (See page 38.) 89. — Visconde de Mason de S. Domingos, MBRTOLA. 1. Plan of the works in open air of the cupreous pyrites mine of S' ' Domingos in 1874. Scale, ^Jj,. 2. Plan of the works in the story 12 metres under the surface of the deposit in 1874. Scale, _jjj. 3. Plan of the works in .the stories 28 and 52 metres under the surface of the deposit in 1874. Scale, ^Jg. 4. Longitudinal section of the deposit in 1874. Scale, ^J^j. 5. Transversal sections of the deposit in 1874. Scale, ^Jj. 6. Model of a Roman wheel found in the ancient labors. 7. Several photographic views of the labors, buildings and grounds attached to the mine. 90. — Companahia de Minracao Transtagana. LISBON. 1. Horizontal projection of the works of cupreous pyrites of. mine "Algares" in 1875. Scale, gj^. 2. Longitudinal section, and transversal profiles of the same deposit in 1875. Scale, gj„. 3. Horizontal projection of the works of the cupreous pyrites mine of S. Joao do Deserto in 1875. Scale, gj^. 4. Horizontal .and vertical projection of the works of the Copper Mine of Sobral in 1875. Scale, gj„. 91.— Silva, S. A. P. da, & E. A. Marques, AVBIRO Plan of a salt pit with description of the same. ETaiSu^T-A.. Page 40, Note (*), Latitude 11° 25' 56^\925, should read Longitude 11° 25' 56\\925 E. Page 44, Note (*), Longitude should read Latitude. Latitude 10° 56' 18\\79 should read Longitude 10° 56' 18\V79 W. Latitude 0° 29' SS^MSS should read Longitude 0° 29' 38\\135 E. The word " rubbish,'' which occurs in pages 15, 73, 75 and 76 should read " slag." Page 61, " Perseveranpa Company" should read Companhia Perseveranpa. Page 67, "Forrg Merendas" should read Forra Merendas. DEPARTMENT 11. MANUFACTURES. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRY. There is not a complete statistic of the Portuguese Industrial Estab- lishments ; we will give, however, some informations that are based upon an statistic of 1867, above all the informations given by Gerardo A. Pery in his excellent work " Geographia e Estatistica Geral de Por- tugal e Colonias," and upon special informations collected for the Philadelphia Exposition. In a statistic made in 1867, of the professions and industrial estab- lishments, with a view to the distributing of the industrial taxes, there were in the census 199,174 taxables. This number was made up of the following : Large industries, 9,402 Small industries 106,157 Commerce 73,368 Professions 10,247 The industries and professions counted were 421 In the large industry this statistic is made up of 55 spinning fac- tories ; 178 of cording; 12 of stamping; 488 of weaving; 39 dyeing; 24 of soap ; 45 of paper ; 28 foundries ; 255 fulling mills ; 13 of earthen-ware ; 1 of porcelain-ware ; 6 of, glafes-ware ; 288 of leather tanning ; 3 of Dutch bricks ; 2 of ice ; 22 of macaroni ; 4 of oil- cloth ; 10 of chemical products ; 1 of manure ; 15 cork factories ; 81 typographical establishments ; 484 gold and silversmiths ; 3,500 olive- oil factories ; 601 of rum. In the small industry is comprised the following establishments : 10,984 mills; 2,773 bakeries; 1,383 baking establishments; 4,162 weaving factories ; 646 tailors ; 2,360 shoemakers ; 1,255 clog-shoe- makers ;, 195 hatters ; 122 seamstresses ; 2,299 barbers ; 571 joiners ; 3,570 locksmiths ; 1,086 blacksmiths ; 155 tubmakers ; 25 sculptors in wood ; 377 tinsmiths. This statistic is very deficient, and it has been acknowledged that there are a great many more than what are stated here. I. Ceramical Arts and Glass Factories. The official statistics of 1867 furnishes the following numbers rela- tive to several industries, which employ plastic clay and the manufac- ture of glassware : Manufactories of tiles or bricks 620 " " earthenware.,-. 1,406 " " faience ware 13 " " porcelain ware 1 " " glassware 6 I IV. The personnel of these establishments is of 4,700 hands. In all the districts there is manufactured earthenware ; the localities that distinguish themselves the most are : in the district of Leiria, Caldas da Rainha ; in that of Evora, Extremoz and Vianna; m that of Lisbon, Lisbon and Abrigada, where there is a manufactory of drain pipes and fire-clay bricks ; in that of Vizeu, Mollelos, black earthenware ; in that of Portalegre, Flor da Eosa. The factories of stoneware and faience are situated at Lisbon, Saca- vem, Oporto, Coimbra, Olhao, and Caminha. The porcelain-ware factory belongs to the Aveiro district, at Vista Alegre. The glassware factories are in the following districts : Leiria, Ma- rinha Grande factory ; Lisbon ; Aveiro, in Vista Alegre, and in Oliveira de Azemeis. The manufactory of faience and stoneware in Portugal dates from 1767. In that year the factory established by the Marquis of Pombal commenced work, in Lisbon in the place of Rato, adjoining the Mae de Agua, for which he sent for an able instructor from Italy. There was not manufactured in this factory of the State but earthen- ware and ordinary stoneware ; it served, however, as a starting point for the establishment of other factories at the Capital, at Coimbra, and Oporto. II. Textile Materials. Liinen. — The manufacture of linen is very much disseminated throughout the Kingdom, and constitutes one of the most important elements of the domestic industry of the country. The large industry is hardly represented in this specialty by the spinning and weaving factory of Torres Novas, and by some small factories of drills, &c., in Oporto and Lisbon. The small industry is found in great quantities in all the districts of the Kingdom, but soma specially in the districts of Vianna, Braga, Oporto, Villa-Real, Aveiro, Vizeu, Coimbra, Guarda, Castello-Branco, Leiria, Lisbon, and Portalegre. This domestic industry produces large quantities of linen and linen goods, of which we cannot give the, value. It is unknown the number of hand-looms that this industry em- ploys throughout the Kingdom. Cotton.— The cotton industry has been greatly developed in the last few years. The importation of raw cotton that in 1856 was of 354,- 000$000reis, increased in 1872 to 568,000 $ 000 reis, the value of 1,968,549 kilograms. The maunfacture of spinning and weaving cotton is carried on at Oporto, Lisbon, Penafiel and Vizella. There is,_in the district of Oporto, 277 small weaving factories and three spinning ones. In Lisbon there arc five large spinning and weav- ing factories, five stamping and one of weaving nets. Lately several new factories have been established for manufactur- ing cotton woven goods, for dyeing and printing the same. This industry has lately attained in Portugal a great progress, not only as regards to the quality of the articles manufactured, but in re- lation to the production which increases_^yearly. 'Wool. — The woollen industry is at present the most important of the country, mainly on account of the perfection in the mechanical processes and the machines employed in its manufacture. Besides the industry, carried on at factories there exists throughout the Kingdom the same at home, which for a long time backwards Jias produced textures more or less coarse, that have been worn by the people in the provinces. The development of factories is indebted to the powerful initiation of the Marquis of Pombal. There were established during his administration the Royal estab- lishments of Covilha e Fundao in 1764, and the one of Portalegre in 1772. In 1788 these factories were sold by the State to two private associations. During the French invasion these factories came to a great degree of decadence. In 1821-22 these properties passed into the hands of other owners. In 1867 there were in the district of Lisbon 3 woollen factories ; in Oporto, 39 ; Castello Branco, 71 ; Guarda, 42, and Portalegre, 4. The most important industrial centre is Covilhfi,, in the Castello Branco district. There are there 27 carding and spinning factories ; 8 spinning and weaving ; 47 mechanical and 17 manual spinning ; 35 fulling mills ; 20 dyeing; 13 finishing establishments. It has 557 looms, of which 37 are Jacquard's. Employs 900 men, 314 boys, 290 women and 26 girls : total, 1,596. Capital invested about 900,000 $ 000 reis. Annual consumption of wool 1,400,000 kilograms. Annual production, 2,540 pieces, with... 133,350' " Silk.— The silk industry, which is very ancient in Portugal, received from the Marquis of Pombal a great impulse, promulgating laws and granting privileges tending to make the development of the raising of the worm and the manufacture of its texture. In the Royal factory the number of looms footed up in 1784 to 236, and 72 galoon looms. The production of silk footed up 36,720 kilograms. This industry was successively decading until 1850. In 1856 the exportation of cocoons was of 862 kilograms, and 1,080 of raw silk. In 1872 the exportation increased to 33,707 kilograms of cocoons and to 2,833 of raw silk. The production of silk in 1872 was of about 210,000 kilograms.' The most productive district is Braganga, which produced 98,000 kilograms. VI. Guarda 58,200 kilograms. Vizeu 41,000 Villa Real 10,500 The following table of the jcommercial movement of silk gives an idea of the production and consumption of this article : Years. Importation. Exportation. 1842 1848 1851 1856 1868 .1870 1872 t 215,628 $ 000 222,656 $ 000 260,747 $ 000 535,793 $ 000 626,564 S 000 560,930 $ 000 694,681 $ 000 47,327 $ 000 40,458 S 000 60,379 9 000 83,481 S 000 149,441 S 000 117,1 23 §000 148,642 !J 000 The average price of the kilogram of cocoon is 700 reis. Great quantity of the eggs are exported to France and Italy. III. Dressing Industry. The census of 1867 gave 5,714 establishments for furnishing wear- ing apparel. The exportation corresponding to these industries was in 1872 as follows : Ready-made Clothing 65,2808000 reis Hats 40,830$000 " Caps 3,219$000 " Boots and Shoes 198,277 $000 " Gloves 11,6941000 " Umbrellas 4,407 ? 000 " t Total 323,707 3 000 '■ Ready-made Clothing.— In 1867 there were 166 establish- ments of ready-made clothing; 58 peddlers; 646 tailors, and 122 dressmakers and seamstresses. Hat Industry.— It is a very ancient industry in Portugal. Braga was the productive centre of felt and coarse wool hats, and, even now, in the district of Aveiro this manufacture exists in great quantity. The Marquis of Pombal aninuitcil this industry very much, establishing in 1759 a hat factory at Pombal— at the same time others were started — the national industry produciug sufficient hats, not only for consumption throughout the kin,i;dom, but also to supply the markets of Brazil and the colonies in Africa and Asia. VII. In 1826 there were in the Kingdom 50 felt hat factories, and three of silk hats, besides a great number of woolen hat factories in Minho. The average export of hats in the years previous to 1826 were from 208,000 to 210,000, with a value of 280,000 $ 000 reis. This manufacture commenced to fall off under the influence of dif- ferent causes, among which takes the lead, the destitution to which fashion condemned the felt hats, substituting them by the silk ones, whose manufacture only later was introduced in Portugal. The protective duties that were established afterwards in the custom tariffs made this industry revive to the point of manufacturing pro- ducts equal to the imported, and be ready to compete with the first foreign industries of its kind. By the census of 1867 there were in that time 195 hat factories. In 1868 Lisbon had 76 hat stores, with 116 hatters. At present there are nearly 90, whose production is calculated at 900,000 $ 000 reis, footing up the production of the Kingdom to about 2,000,000 $ 000 reis. The importation of raw materials for this industry in 1872 was the following : — Silk shag, 575 kilograms, to the value of 8,000 $ 000 reis ; hair, 25,435 kilograms, 40,000 1 000 reis ; felt, 35,366 kilograms, 10,000 $ 000 reis. Boots and Shoes.— The census statistics in 1867 gives 2,360 shoemakers and 1,255 clog-shoemakers. In Lisbon the statistics of 1868 counted 328 shoe stores, with 920 shoemakers. The number of shoemakers in all the Kingdom is calculated at 6,000. This is one of the industries that have been perfected the most. The considerable increase of the exportation, which from 1856 to 1872 footed up from 32,000 $ 000 to 198,000 $ 000 reis, proves the im- portance of this industry, which furnishes completely the consumers of all the Kingdom. The importation of boots and shoes is relatively insignificant. Gloves.— The same statistics gives 23 glovemakess in all the Kingdom, employing 100 seamstresses and 30 tradesmen. IV. Paper-Printing. There are 45 writing and printing-paper mills and 25 of wrapping- paper and paste-board. . They employ 1,921 hands, being 748 men, 937 women, and 236 children. The wages are, for the men, 240' to 600 reis ; for women, 80 to 120; for children, 40 to 100 reis. These mills consume annually about 4,000,000 kilogroms of rags The production of paper is at present calculated at 2,000,000 kilo- In 1862 there were 52 paper mills, which produced 1,500,000 kilo- grams and consumed three million kilograms of rags. VIII. By the statistics of 1867 there were 89 rag establishments. These establishments collected larger quantities of rags than what was necessary for the consumption of the mills. In 1861 there was im- ported 2,302 kilograms of rags, and there was exported 32,148 kilo- grams. * In 1872 the importation of rags was of 625 kilograms, and the ex- portation of 989 kilograms. The paper mills are established in the districts of Aveiro, Lisbon, Santarem, Braga, Coimbra, Oporto, Leiria, and Vizeu. The district of Aveiro is the one which possesses the greater number of mills. The best belong to the districts of Lisbon (Abelheira and Alemquer), Santarem (Thomar) and Coimbra (Louza). The statistics of 1867 gives 81 typographies. At present there are over 90. Besides these, there are the following establishments of the state ; Lisbon National Printing Office, printing office of the Coimbra Uni- versity, and printing office of the Academy of Sciences. The introduction of the typographical art in Portugal commenced, according to some authors, by the establishment of a typography in the city of Leiria, about the years 1470 and 1474. But what is cer- tain is, that the most ancient publication that is known is printed at Lisbon, and has a date of 1489, This great invention propagated itself rapidly through the principal cities of the Kingdom. It flourished under the protection of the Kings and of the public as a private industry till the middle of the eigh- teenth century. Having suffered some decadence, principally after the earthquake of 1755, the Marquis of Pombal, wishing to restore and perfect the typographical art, established in December, 1768, the Royal Printing Office, annexing to it the Royal Type Foundry, which, by proposal of the board of commerce, had been established in 1758, adding to it an engraving school. In the following year, 1769, there was annexed to it a playing-card factory, which during many years furnished the principal income of that establishment. In the first twenty years, that is, till 1789, the Royal Printing Of- fice rendered more than 78,000 $ 000 reis. The playing-card factory rendered from 1790 to 1795 18,000 $000 reis. In 1801 the income of the printing office amounted to 38,000 $ 000 reis, and continued gradually to increase, footing up an average of 51,000 $ 000 reis from 1811 to 1821, decreasing afterwards to 40,000- $ 000 reis. With the change of government in 1883, the Royal Printing Office came to be called, National Printing Office. After this period, it has continued in progressive development, as indicated very well by the following table of its income and personnel : Economical Years. 1848—49 1856—57 1865—66 1873—74 Personnel. I Receipts- lai I 40,77SSiOOO 211 Ta,Sl10 $ 000 1290 lUijliOS^OOO 295 I 143,602 $ 000 IX. As a state establishment, the Lisbon National Printing Office is ad- ministered by a functionary of royal appointment ; but, as any other industrial establishment, its outlay is made by the recceipts produced by tlie printing for the State and private parties, by the sale of types and playing-cards. The personnel of the administration is composed, besides the general administrator, of five accounting employees and four janitors. This great establishment consists of four principal offices : the typog- raphy, the type foundry, the lithographic and the playing-card fac- tory. In the execution of its various labors, the National Printing Office has attained so great a degree of pet-fection, that in the great con- courses of the London, Paris and Vienna Universal Expositions, it re- ceived .the highest distinctions, and deserved to be qualified as one of the most notable typographical establishments of Europe. V. Metals. The census of 1867 gives 3,566 iron and locksmith factories ; 40 cut- tlery; 65 iron furniture; 20 gunsmiths; 11 wire and iron band; 28 foundries ; 10 of bronze, 63 of copper ; 11 pewterers ; 8 factories of scales and weights ; 2 of lead shot ; 169 brass smiths, and 484 gold and silversmiths. The importation of raw materials for these industries was as follows : ' 1872. , 1873. • Metals. Kilograms. Value. Kilograms. Value. Steel, Antimony, Mercury, Bismuth, Britannia, - Bronze, Lead, Copper, Tin, Iron, Tin plates, Brass, Gold, Platinum, Silver, Zinc, 606,640 53,000 $ 000 937,696 11,478 •15,592 14 ,13,201 739 361,946 340,479 75,940 24,932,899 1,138,928' 323,867 Grammes. 73,597 4,789 223,877 Kilograms. 164,779 244,645 $ 000 3,307 $ 000 27,249 1 000 128 1 000 23,166^000 754 1 000 328,263 197,507 . 59,735 14,916,715 918,679 135,791 23,000 $ 000 63,000 1 000 26,000 1 000 960,000 $ 000 112,000^000 51,000 $ 090 34,010 $ 000 96,434 $ 000 43,201 $ 000 1,360,2761000 152,366 $ 000 211,721 1 000 30,346 $ OQO 847 1 000 12 5,050 163^000 546 $ 000 16,070 ? 000 28,181 $000 X. The exportation of raw material and the prcructs of the domestic industry were as follows : " Kaw and manufactured 1872. 1 1873. metals. Kilograms. Value. Kilograms. Value. Steel, . 23,165 5,100 $ 000 92,381 114 1,493 54,417 50,621 730 1,665,063 3,442 96,121 80 Grammes. 145,910 2,552,808 Kilograms. 140 4 8,622$ 000 1,070 $ 000 Eronze, Lead, Copper, Tin, . iron. Tin plates. Brass, . Mercury, Gold, * Silver, Zinc, . 3,101 62,359 47,510 798 685,497 5,360 28,133 • 1,800 5 000 '6,200 $000 13,800 $ 000 600 $ 000 100,400 1 000 800 $ 000 9,000 $ 000 1,003 $ 000 7,072 f OOO 34,513 $ 000 260 $ 000 117,323 $ 000 981 $ 000 23,971 1 000 130 1 000 43 1,892 195 20,000 $ oob 73,000 $ 000 100 1 000 31,776 $ 000 57,943 1 000 10 1 000 In this statistic is not comprehended the importation and exporta- tion of coin, which was in 1873. Importation. — Gold Coin 7,439,962 grammes Value 3,907,193 $ 000 reis Silver Coin „ 556,440 grammes Value 21,137 I 000 reis Exportation. — Gold Coin 4,515 grammes Valfle ■. 2,528 1 000 reis Silver Coin 7,745 grammes Value : 25,300 $000 reis , The State possesses two important manufacturing establishments, the Army Arsenal and the Navy Yard. In the first on.e there is a foundry shop for cannons and an arms shop. The value of the articles manufactured at the Army Arsenal from October, 1871, to October, 1873, reaches 207,576 $ 000 reis. The several shops of the Navy Yard produced : 1870—71 26r),707$942 reis 1871—72 224,789 :? i; is " 1872—73 : 272,079 ;?02S " The National Rope Works is a branch of the Navy Yard. It is composed of two shops, one of cording and another of spinning and weaving. The Cording shop produced : 1870-71 17',830$454 reis 1871—72 23,205$747 " 1872—73 ,, 27,5341819 " XI. The Spinning and Weaving shop produced : 1870—71 16,8541739 reis 1871—72 13,790$479 " 1872--73 18,706$855 '• POREIG-N COMMERCE. The importance of the foreign commerce and the movement of the imports and exports can be valued by the following table : Merchandise. Live stock Animal refuse Fisheries Wool and hair Silk Cotton Linen Woods Farinaceous food Colonial goods Metals Wines and liquors Glass and stone ware Paper and its applications Sundry manufactures Mixed textures IMPORTS. Live stock Animal refuse Fisheries Wool and hair Silk Cotton Linen Woods Farinaceous food Colonial goods Metals Wines and liquors Glass and stoneware Paper and its application.? Sundry manufactures EXPORTS. 1872. 1,441,000 $ 000 1.859.000 f 000 1.756.000 1 000 3,193,000 $ 000 694,000 $ 000 5,075,000 1 000 783,000 $ 000 689,000 $ 000 1,953,000 i 000 3,348,000 $ 000 3,650,000 $ 000 250,000 $ 000 248,000 $ 000 294,000 ? 000 1,038,000 $ 000 114,000 $ 000 1,615,000 $ 000 1,521,000 ? 000 269,000 $ 000 400,000 1 000 102,000 $ 000 504,000 1 000 62,000 1 000 1,351,000 1 000 375,000 1 000 585,000 1 000 419,000 f 000 9,317,000 1 000 44,000 1 000 44,000 $000 375,000 1 000 XII. The importance of the commercial relations with the principal na- tions is indicated by the following table : Nations. Importation, 1872. Exportation, 1872. Great Britain and^Possessions 15,321,000 $ 000 13,196,000 $000 France and Possessions 2,920,000 $ 000 827,000 $ 000 Brazil 2,903,000 ? 000 3,524,000 § 000 Spain and Possessions 1,575,000 $ 000 1,750,000 $000 United States 900,000 1 000 211,0001000 Russia 2,247,000 1 000 755,000 1 000 North Germany 398,000 $ 000 692,000 $ 000 Holland and Possessions 382,000 $ 000 473,000 S 000_ Sweden and Norway - 478,000 1 000 210,000 Si 000* Italy 135,000 1 000 223,000 S 000 Portuguese Possessions [- a • . 742,000 1 000 85,000 i 000 600,000 $ 000 23,090 $ 000 Belgium 2,000 $ 000 182,000 $ 000 Morocco 41,000 $ 000 4,000 1 000 Argentine Bepublic 5,000 $ 090 123,000 1 000 NAVIGATION. The steam vessels arriving and departing from Portugese ports dur- ing the year 1872 were as follows : • AKBIVING. DEPARTING. NATIONALITIES. CO ^ 'a) o m to a e3 to o English Spanish French -j German United States - 1,003 135 127 27 769,381 49,117 74,277 22,080 32,675 . 3,125 5,784 759 1,008 133 126 26 869,727 69,791 125,523 25,500 32593 3,063 5,511 744 Datch Sweedish and Norwegian Brazilian Danish 26 10 2 1 17,796 3,573 557 977 669 136 34 22 ' 25 10 3 18,929 3,374 1,717 642 138 45 ( To and from foreign ports 24' 1 .i^ 9RR 714 491 Portuguese < To and from Portuguese ( ports 8 1.356 8,273 353 12 13,092 9?'.7,20] 44,080 1,367 1142909 43941 XIII. The sailing vessels arriving and departing from Portuguese ports during the year 1872 were as follows : ABBIVING. DEPAETING. KATIONALITIES. QJ ^ ^ o ^> English 895 174,104 6,699 904 185,966 6,739 Spanish 846 16,623 768 916 18,699 6,409 Swedish and Norwegian 249 68,853 2,276 253 67,657 2,313 Dutch 114 16,623 768 109 16,522 726 French 102 17,765 825 98 14,877 796 United States 11 4,335 101 11 4,595 102 German 69 11,767 502 64 11,499 481 Austrian 5 1,927 62 2 975 25 Belgium 5 1,098 37 5 1,157 37 Brazilian 5 1.451 68 5 1,448 70 Danish , 55 7,531 350 57 7,402 396 Italians. 14 2,726 131 13 2,671 123 Russians 72 20,917 735 70 21,167 710 I To and from foreign ports 624 104,515 5,741 941 115,799 7,212 Portuguese .< To and from Portuguese {_ possessions 55 13,429 642 54 12,877 628 3,121 458,288 24,182 3,502 483,311 26767 * MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS. HigllwayS.~The length of the highways constructed up the end of 1874 is as follows : .Eoyal causeways. District causeways. Municipal causeways. Total, Under way in the above year : Eoyal causeways. District causeways, Municipal causeways. Total, 3,136,419 metres. 701,322 130,122 3,967,862 206,636 metres. 104,432 1,972 " 313,040 XIT. The total amount of outlays up to the end of 1873 was 20,679,000- . 000 reis. This total is made up the following items : Work of construction, .... 16,268,000 $000 Technical and administrative personnel, . 1,246,000 1 000 Surveying, 430,000 $000 Ordinary repairing, .... 2,001,000 $000 Extraordinary repairing, . . . 715,000 1 000 Donations, 19,000 $000 Total, The average outlay per kilometre is : Construction, .... Personnel, .... Surveying, .... Ordinary repairing. Extraordinary repairing. 20,679,000 $000 4,171 $ 000 319 $000 1101000 513 $000 183 $000 Railroads. — The following table shows the number and length of roads operated, under construction and planned up to the end of July, 1875, as well as the date of the commencement 6f work : x-l Number of Kilometres. a KAILROADS. S u 'y a ^ gIs ■a B a; a^ a -S PS ^ a o g o XI 6 ^ O Eastern Line — Lisbon to Badajoz 1853 278 Northern Line — Junction to Oporto 1860 229 Southeastern Line — Barreiro to Beja 1856 154 Algarve Line — Beja to Casevel 1864 47 30 95 Line from Evora to Extremoz 1870 78 Setubal Branch 12 . ... Southeastern Line — Beja to frontier 1864 20 42 Minho Line 1873 55 84 46 Douro Line 1873 38 20 40 Beira Alta Line 196 Beira Baixa Line 140 911 84 559 Besides these main lines there are the following railroads employed in industrial establishments : - ,S. Domingos Mine (private) 17 Kildtiictros Brapal Mine " 8 " Leiria to S. Martiuho government pine forests 37 " Aljustrel Mine (private) 17 " XV. The total receipts and gross income per Kilometre was in the North and Eastern R. R.: <4H cn O S . ■ Years. uber ometr orked Total EeceiptB. KECEl'pTS PBB KILOMETKE. ^M^ Fast Trains. Slow Trains. Total. 1868 ) 1,019,508 $ 000 1,133 1 000 874'! 000 2,0075000 1869 [ 508 1,119,466 $ 000 1,149 $ 000 1,055 5 000 2,2045000 1870 y ■ 1,160,831 f 000 1,160 5 000 1,125 $ 000 2,2855000 1871 • 1,218,743 f 000 1,243 5 000 - 1,185 $ 000 2,4285000 1S72 . 502 1,372,551 1 000 1,373 $ 000 1,361 $ 000 2,7345000 1873 *'"'' 1,713,131 $ 000 1,518 f 000 1,895 5 000 3,4135000 1874 J 1,667,778 1 000 1,643 5 000 1,679 $ 000 3,3225000 The income of the South and Southeastern R. R.: ■ INCOME. G-roas i n- come per Kilometre. Expenses per Kilometre. iTet income per Kilometre. From PjLSBengers. Merchandise Cattle. Total. a » >5 III 1870 1871 1872 1873 212 259 284 312 75,746 8000 89,279 8000 99,7588000 110,5328000 151,0148000 190,5118000 217,140 8000 241,2118000 226,7608000 279,7908000 316,8938000 351,7438000 1,0708000 1,080 8000 1,1168000 1,1278000 617 8000 5758000 , 5738000 542 8000 4538000 506 8 000 5438000 586 8000 67.6 53.2 51.3 48.1 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. The administration of affairs relative to public instruction is in charge of a general direction in the Ministry of the Interior. A con- sulting board of public instruction acts together with this Ministry, giving its vote on the works that are submitted to its examination and consulting on questions of public education. The special military edu- cation is under the direction of the Ministiy of War, and the naval education under that of the Ministry of Marine. The public instruction is divided into three branches : higher, se- condary and primary, having besides the special instruction of the fine arts. The expenses, in charge of the Ministry of the Interior, of the public instruction was the following : 1874-^1875, . Estimate for 1875—76 777,611 5 000 798,6145000 XVI. This estimate of expenses is distributed in the following manner. Consulting Board, ... . '1,200 $ 000 Coimbra University, . . 87,285 1 000 Lisbon Polytechnic School 55,2471000 Oporto Polytechnic A.cademy, . 17,874 1 000 Lisbon M«dico-Surgical School, . . . 13,573 S 000 Oporto Medico-Sjirgical School, . . . 12,840 $ 000 Funchal Medico-Surgical School, . 1,027 $ 000 Higher Course of Letters (Cnrso superior de letras) 3,400 $ 000 Extraordinary Gratifications . . 4,000 1 000 Lisbon Academy of Fine Arts, . ' . 9,050 $ 000 Oporto Academy of Fine Arts, . . . 4,556 $'000 Subsidies to Pensionists, . . 3,600 I 000 Lisbon Royal Conservatory, • 6,432 $ 000 Subsidies to Theatres, ". . . 33,552 $ 000 Lyceums, '. . . . . . 67,418 5 000 Secondary Instruction outside of Lyceume, • 13,410 $ 000 Extraordinary Gratifications, . 6,000 $ 000 Primary Normal Schools, . . 7,637 $ 000 Primary Teachings, . . 244,734 $000 Other Expenses, . . . 35,400 $ 000 Royal Academy of Sciences, . 12,609 S 000 . Archives of Torre do Tombo, .... 7,080 $ 000 Public Libraries, . . . . 11,7301000 State Printing Offices, • , . . 138,830 $ 000 798,614 $000 Added to the expenses in charge of other Ministries, as follows : Military school, 31,143 $000 Military college, . . . 19,056$ 000 Naval school, ..... 7,470 $000 Elementary agricultural teaching, . . 3,500 $ 000 General Institute of Agriculture, . 17,857 S 000 Lisbon Industrial Institute, . . 14,320 $000 Oporto Industrial Institute, . . 10,770 $000 Grand total, . 902,730 $000 , The sum spent by the private parties can be estimated at 300,000- $ 000, being the total outlay of the country with the instruction esti- mated at 1,200,000 $ 000. HIGHER INSTRUCTION. The higher teaching is furnished by the following establishments : Coimbra University, Lisbon Polytechnic School, Military School, Oporto Polytechnic Academy, Lisbon, Oporto and Funchal medico- ssurgical schools and Higher Course of Letters (Curso superior de letras). XVII. '^^^n9?*"i5^''* University was established at Lisbon in the year 1290 by Kmg D. Diniz, belonging' to a friar of Santa Cruz the glory of promoting its creation. In 1807 it was traasferred to Ooimbra, returning to the capital seventy years afterwards ; but, in .'' ,\i°^° m Iiad It moved anew to that city, where it has re- mained till to-day. Until 1772 there were taught there only theology, law and medicine ; but a great reform, effected by the Marquis of Pombal, created in that year the faculties of mathematics and philosophy. Afterwards, some chairs in the faculty of philosophy and an administrative course were established. The teachings in the university embrace the following subjects : Theology, Law, Administrative course, Medicine, Mathematics, Philosopliy, 8 chairs. 15 " 9 " 12 " The statistical movement of the Alumni : 1870—1871. 1871—1872. 1872—1873. 13 XI ' 13 ^ FACULTIES. 1 'S _f1 1 t3 03 'a •1 .9 i 1 1 1 .0 13 1 i -8 1 M & "v' ^ ", M ft •' ^ H P< ■!ir ^ ^ W ■< M ^ u CD a, 1 .2 O o3 o H Awarded. ^1 O N 1' 1873 to 1874' — « — ' Military engineering, . Artillery, - stafi; . _ . Civil engineering, . Cavalry and Infantry, . 5 10 1 2 62 23 16 1 4 62 1 3 "i 69 29 29 7 193 260 3 2 2 2 o 4 XIX. Xaval School.— In 1796 an academy of marine guards was established, and abolislied in 1845, establishing in May of that year the Naval School. The marine-guards company had, however, been established in 1792. • In the Oporto Polyteclmic Academy there are taught mathematics, natural history, political economy, and the chairs of application to finish the course of civil engineering in 13 chairs. The statistical changes in the alumni are as follows : tn .rt o a u S S 0) e^ rt s a.'g ELECTIVE YEARS. IJ o Oh ■5? « a :2P ^6 '^ . '^ M fif=^ 1870—71 90 205 190 15 1871—72 98 221 196 25 1872—73 109 226 208 2 16 Lisbon and Oporto Medico-Surgical Schools have 11 professors and 4 substitutes ; 1 surgical demonstrator, 1 pro- fessor and preserver of the Museum of Anatomy, and 1 professor of the pharmaceutical dispensary. The changes in the Alumni were as follows: LISBON MEDICO-SURGICAL SCHOOL. ELECTIVE YEAES. o d S3 1 ^1 4 ■ o el ■9. » It Did not get Examined. 1870-71 1871—72 1872—73 57 69 90 130 141 199 126 130 191 2 2 2 2 9 6 OPORTO MEDICO-SURGICAL SCHOOL. 1870—71 1871—72 1872—73 84 89 98 203 219 247 188 201 285 2 2 1 13 16 11 XX. In those two schools there are taught anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, natural history of the medicaments, external pathology, &c., surgical apparatuses and operations, obstetrics, internal patholagy, medical clinics, surgical clinics, legal medicine, public hygiene, and pathological anatomy. The Fuuchal Medico-Surgical Schools has 2 pro- fessors, 1 of anatomy and physiology and 1 of pathology and materia- medica, and 1 of pharmacy. The changes in the Alumni were : ELECTIVE YEARS. Matriculations. Approbations. Kejections. Did not get Ex- amined. 1870—71 1871—72 1872—73 18 11 4 14 10 4 1 3 1 In the Higher Course of Letters there are 5 chaii-s, in which are taught : 1st chair — Universal History ; 2nd — Latin and Greek Literature ; 3rd — Modern Literature of Europe, and speci- ally of Portugal; 4th — Philosophy; 5th — Philosophical Universal History. It has five professors. This Course was founded by King D. Pedro V., donating it with a capital of 30,000 | 000 reis in public funds. The changes in the Alumni were as follows : (^ -r^ o a ca s zr'' 0) r-^" ■H a 'H 2 Xi . C £lJO 5 V WAUS. ^ -^ .S 9 ^ 9 '-^ c- ^- a.2 n § ^^ § <1 P^ ftti 1870—71 17 36 18 5 13 1871—72 ]8 38 10 1 27 1872—73 14 32 U'* 4 6 XXI. SECONDARY INSTRUCTION. For the official secondary teaching there are in the Kingdom 18 lyceums, 17 being at the capitals of the administrative districts and 1 in Lamego. In the adjacent islands there are four lyceums at the capitals of the districts. In order to be able to compare the changes in the Alumni among the several districts, as -well of the continent as at the adjacent islands, we give the following table of the movements of the national lyceums in the elective year of 1873 — 74 : Outside of the Lyceums. Alumni of the Lyceums. MALES. FEMALES. LYCBtTMS. 0) It a B o i ■B o 15 73.— Manuel, Leite Pereira & Irmao, POKTA DBLGADA. Glazed Stoneware. 74.— Marques, Joao da Rosa, EXXTREMOZ. Earthenware. Employs 10 women. Wages, 160 to 180 reis. 75. — Marques, Pedro Antonio, AVBIRO. Glazed Earthenware. Established iu 1775. Employs— 8 men. Wages, 240 to 480 reis. 2 women. " 2(J0 " 1 boy. ■' 120 " Annual productiofi, . . 1 200 S 000 76. — Martins, Alberto C3rpriano, LISBON. Earthenware*. See Classes 206, 208, 210. Est.-ililislii'd iu 1820. Employs 20 mm. Wages, 100 to 1,000 reis. Market — Portugal. 77. — Pimentao, Antonio Ayres, VIANNO DO CASTELLO. Glazed Earthenware. 78. — Portuguese Government, OVAH. Red Earthenware. 79. — Silva, Miguel da, EVORA. Earthenware. 80.^-Scholfield, John Howarth, LISBON. White and Colored Table and Decorative Stoneware. Established at Sacavem in 1866. Employs— 46 men. Wages, 280 to 1,000 reis. 12 women. '"^ 120 to 600 " 38 children. " 80 to 300 " Raw materials are from Portugal and England, to the annual value of 10,0008000 reis. Annual production, ... ., 28,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal, the Colonies, and Brazil. . Awardif. — Medal at Oporto, and Honorable MefLtim. at Vienna. 16 81. — Victoria, Jose Goncalves da, ARADA. Eartlienware. Employs a man and a woman. All the labor is done by hand. TRe ovens being in the open air. Raw material used is from B6co or the locality — all domestic. Annual production, . _ . - 80,000 reis Markets— Aveiro, Oporto, and Coimbra. CLASS No. 213. 82. — Vista Alegre Porcelain Manufactory, VISTA AIiEGRB. Porcelainware for Table and Toilet. GLASS AND GLASSWARE. Class 214. — Glass used in construction and for mirrors. Window glass of vari- ous grades of quality and of size. Plate glass, rough, and ground or pol- ished. Toughened glass. Class 215. — Chemical and pharmaceutical glassware, vials; bottles. Cla~s 216. — Decorative glassware. CLASS No. 214. 83. — Cabo Mondego Mining and Industrial Company, LISBON. Cylindrical Glass composed of Carbonate and Sulphate of Soda. Employs— 60 men. Wages, 200 to 600 reis. 20 women. " 100 to 120 " 15 children. " 70 to 100 " Awards. — MedaU at Vienna and at the Districal of Coimbra. 84. — Michon, Andre, OPORTO. Glass cylinder for panes, plain and ground plate-glass, ovals, equare glass shades, and glass (iles. Employs a steam-engine of 10 horse-power and 41 hands. Wages range from 320 to 3,600 reis. Markets— Portugal and adjacent islands. Awards— Medals at Oporto, 1861 and 186.'i ; London, 1862, and Paris, 1867. 17 FURNITURE AITO OBJECTS OF GENERAL USE IN CONSTRUC- TION AND IN D-WELLINGS. Class 217. — Heavy furniture. — Chairs, tables, parlour and chamber suits, office and library furniture, vestibule furniture. Church furniture and decoration Class 218. — Table furniture. — Glass, china, silver, silver-plate, tea and coffee sets, urns, samovars, epergnes. Class 219. — Mirrors, stained and enamelled glass, cut and engraved window- glass, and other decorative objects. Class 220. — Gilt cornices, brackets, pictuie frames, etc. Class 221. — The nursery aiid its accessories; children's chairs, walking chairs. Class 222. — Apparatus and fixtures for heating and cooking — stoves, ranges, heaters, etc. Class 223. — Apparatus for lighting — gas fixtures, lamps, etc. Class 224. — Kitchen and pantry — utensils, tinware, and apparatus used in cook- ing (exclusive of cutlery). Classs 225. — Laundry appliances, washing machines, mangles, clothes-wringers, clothes-bars, ironing tables. Class 226. — Bath-room and water-closet, shower bath, eartli closet. Class 227. — Manufactured parts of buildings — sash, blinds, mantels, metal work, etc. CLASS No. 217. 85.— Alcobia, Joao Thome, . LISBON. A washing-stand made of iron. See Class 224. 86. — Barboza & Costa, LISBON. A Devotional Chair. 87.— Manuel, Rodrigues de Gaspar, FUNCHAL, Island of Madeira An Inlaid Wooden Table. 88.— Santos Chaves, Augusto Frudencio, LISBON. Wash-stand, arm-chair with wire seat, flower-stand, all of iron. iTw^ra'^rSTome^rr^rKlnTnt at an annual cost of n.m.mre^^ ^^^^ Annual production, - ^ ", " " ' ' Morkpts Snain Brazil, and Africa. , ., . ,i AwarS^S of Honoi-fr. ^3 116.— Diaa, Rodrigo Ailtonio Perreira, OPORTO. Drills. Bucks. Cotton Blankets. Shawls, and Canton Flannel. Established In 1866. Employs— 50 men. Wages, 500 reis. 20 women. '" 300 " CLASSES Nos. 230, 231, and 232. 117.— Praternal Association of Weavers and Correlative Arts, Alcantara, LISBON. Cotton Prints. Table Clothe. Napkins. Towels. Paddings. Cache-nez (Scarfe). Established in 1859. Employs — Manuel weavers and a Jacquard loom. Also, 15 men. Wages, 360 to 600 reis. 5 women. ''^ 140 to 340 ■' 1 child " 140 " Raw material — Domestic and some imported, at an annual cost of 4,000 $ 000 reis Annual production, - . - . j qoo ? 000 reis Market — Portugal. Awards.— Oporto, 1861 ; Lisbon, 186.3 ; and Oporto, 1865. CLASS No. 230. 118.— Leite, Tito Jose, OPORTO. Twisted Cotton, of 2 and 3 threads, for embroidering and of several colors Established in 1867. Employs— 9 men. Wages, 320 to 600 reis. 30 women. ''^ 160 to 240 " 8 children. " 80 to 120 " Raw material used is imported, at the annual cost of 10,000 8 000 reis. Annual production, - - . - . 16,000 S 000 Markets — Portugal and Brazil. CLASSES Nos. 230 and 231. 119.— Lisbon Spinning and Weaving Co. LISBON. Cotton yarns, unbleached cotton, crash, bed-ticking, striped tent-cloth, striped cotton stuifs, cotton blankets, napkins, table-cloths ; yarns, bleached, unbleached, and colored ; sewing cotton, cord, lacings, &c. &c. Established in 1838. 24 Employs a steam-engine, 250 horse-power. 64 carding mnchines. 2,132 bobbins. 354 looms" and several other apparatuses. - 160 men. Wages, 280 to 800 reis. 400 women. " 120 to 240 " 240 children. " 80 to 160 " Raw material — Cotton, frdm Brazil and Portuguese possessions in Africa, to the annual value of 130,000 $000 reis. Annual production, ... 350,000 S GOO Markets — Portugal and its possessions in Africa. Awards, — Nine Gold and Silver Medals and Medals for Merit at the National Exhibitions of 1849, 18G1, 1S63, and 1875 ; at London, 1851 and 1862 ; at Paris, 1855 and 1867, and at Vienna, 1873. 120. — Mello, Jose Carneiro de, OPORTO. Drills. Canvas. Serge. Cotton Flannel. Cotton Yarn. Employs a steam.engine of 8 horse-power, a carding machine, a cylinder, a loom .of 150 spindles, and one of 30. Also, 78 men and 400 women. CLASS No. 230. 121. — Montes, Manuel Alvares, OPORTO. Saniples of Cotton Goods. Established in 1865. Employs manual labor. Raw material— Foreign, at the annual cost ot 20 to 25,000 8000 reis Annual production, - . 45 to 50,000 $ OOJ reis Market — Portugal. 122. — Oporto Spinning Co., OPORTO. Sainples of plain and twisted Cotton Thread. Established in 1863. Employs 2 steam-engines of 40 horse-power each and 260 hands, whose wages average Eaw materials used are from Brazil and Portugal, at the annual cost of 150 000$ 000 Market — Portugal. Awards.— Medal at Oporto, 1665, and Medal of Honor at Vienna 1873. 123. — Rio Vizella Spinning Co., OPORTO. Cotton Threads of different qualities in process and finished. This establishment is soing through a complete transformation on account of en larging its production. <».i.uuiii, ui m- 25 124. — Soiiza e Silva, Antonio Jose, VallongOi OPORTO. Several kinds of Blue and White Twisted Cotton. 123. — Thomar Royal Spinning Co., THOMAR. Raw Warpings. Raw Thread. Eaw woven Thread. Blue Colored Thread. Established in 1873. Employs a turbine pf 160 horse-power and a steam-engine of 200 ; 13,000 spindles and all the corresponding machinery. Also, 68 men. Wages, 160 to 300 reis. 140 women. " 100 to 240 " 20 children. " 60 to 80 " Raw materials used are from Africa and America, and the annual value of them is 108,000 S 000 reis. Annual production, - 400,000 S 000 Market— Portugal. CLASSES Nos. 230 and 231. 126. — ^Xabregas Cotton Manufaotiuring Co., \ LISBON. Dyed Lining Goods. Unbleached Cotton. Cotton Yarns. Established in 1858. Employs two steam-engines of 50 horse-power, carding machines, looms, &c, 55 men. Wages, 220 to 600 reis. 43 women. ''^ 150 to 300 " 90 children. " 80 to 140 " Eaw material used is from Brazil and the Portuguese Colonies, at the annual cost of 70,000 $000 reis. Annual production, ' - 120,0008000 reis Market— Portugal. Awards. — Oporio'lS62 and 1865, Lisbon 1863, and Vienna 1873. CLASS No. 232. 127.— Anjos & Co., LISBON. Cotton-printed Handkerchiefs and Medal ^^rints. Established in 1812. . , . , , . Employs manual labor, relief stamping machine and dyeing vats. Eaw material— Foreign, at an annual value of 100,000$OUO reis. Annual production, . . - . 135,000 8000 reis Markets— Portugal, its Colonies, Spain, and Brazil, 26 128. — Aujos, Cunha, Perreira & Co., LISBON. Cotton prints, colored handkerchiefs, a, sample book of the products of the factory. Established in 1840. Enlarged lately. Employs a steam-engine of 30 horse-power, 4 stamping machines, &c. Also, 114 men. Wages, 280 to 2,650 reis. • 36 children. '^ 100 to 240 " Raw material used is imported from England, costing yearly — Cotton, 225,000 $ 000 reis, and Domestic and Foreign drugs, 55,000 S 000 reis. Annual production, . . . 400,000 ? 000 reis Markets — Portugal, the Colonies, and Spain. Awards.— Lisbon 1848, London 1851, Oporlo 1861, London 1863, Lisbon 1863, Oporto 1865 a/nd Vienna 1873. 129. — Bolhao Cotton Printing Factory, OPORTO. Calicoes. Umbrella Goods. Handkerchiefs. Estahlished in 18S2. Employs stamping plates, calenders, cylinpers, vats, driers, &c., &c., &c. Also, 25 men. Wages, 300 to 600 reis. 16 children. " 60 to 200 " Eaw material— English, to the annual value, of 30,000 S 000 reia. Annual production, - 46,000,000 reis Market — Portugal. Awards. — Medal at the Oporto Industrial Exhibition. 130. — Etur, Augusto Frederico, LISBON. Cotton Prints. Established in 1870. Employs hand-motors, a stamping machine, dyeing tubs, &e., &c. Also, 40 men. Wages, 300 to 700 reis. 30 children. " 60 to 240 " Raw materials used are cotton goods from England and blue from India, to the annual value of 80,000 S 000 reis. Annual production, - 90,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Spain. Award. — Medal at Vienna, 1873. CLASSES Nos. 232 and 233. 131. — Joao, Roiz de Detis Sc Co., TORRES NOVAS. Different qualities of Linen and Cotton fioods. Established in 1875. Employs — 10 men. Wages, 240 to 800 reis. 60 women, '"^ 120 to 400 " 20 children, " 60 to 120 " Material is imported from Germany, at an annual cost of 4,000 8000 reis. Market— Portugal. 27 CLASS No. 232. 132. — Lisbon Cotton Dyeing and Printing Co. LISBON. Calico Prints for Dress and Furniture. Established in 1875. Employs 3 steam-boilers of 50 borse-power each, engines, and all necessary apparatuses for stamping, washing, dyeing, drying, and iiniahing, 60 men. Wages, 260 to 3,000 reis. 20 children. '"^ 100 to 240 " Raw material — From Portugal and England. Annual peoduction, - 400,000 8000 reis Markets — Portugal and the Colonies. 133. — Queiroz, Antonio Goncalves de, OPORTO. Samples of Striped Cotton. Employs 9 men. Wages, 300 to 400 reis. Markets — Portugal and Brazil. CLASS No. 233. 134. — ^Albuquerque Dr. Caetano d'Andrade, PONTA DBLGADA. Cotton Eag Quilt. 135. — Almeida, Jaointho Paoheco, PONTA ' DELGAD A. Linen Table-cloths and Towels. Striped Linen Drill. 136.— Bahia & Genro, OPORTO. Linen Goods. See Class 230. 137__Baptista, Joao Guerreiro, ALMODOVAR. Linen in Thread and Woven Linen. 138.— Brum, Caetano de, PONTA DBLGADA. Samples of Linen Drill. 28 139. — Camara, D. Hennelinda Gago da, PONTA DELGADA. Linen Table Cloths, Linen Tkread. 140. — Canto, D. Anna Adelaide do, PONTA DELGADA. Sewing Linen Balls. 141. — Carvallio, D. Isabel Candida Alves de, MOITOIM DE BASTO. Two Samples of Linen Stuffs. 142. — Carreiro, Anna, PONTA DDLGADA. Linen and Cotton Bed Quilt. 143. — Castro, Joao Vaz Paoheco de, PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Flax Yarn. 144. — CoUaoo, Manuel Martins, CASTRO VERDE. Napkins. 145. — Dias, Rodrigo Antonio Ferreira, OPORTO. Linen Duck and Canvas. See Class 230. 146. — Falleiro, D. Barbara Rita Fernandes, CASTRO VERDE- Linen Napkins. 147. — Gulmaraes, Antonio da Costa, GUIMARAES. Linen Goods of different qualities, large and small Towels, Napkins, Bed Covers and Linen Thread. 148. — Guimaraes, Balthasar Jose Pereira, PENAFIEL. Linen Fabrics. Annual production, - 52,560 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil. 29 149.— Guimaraes, Manuel Mendes Ribeiro, GTJIMARAES. Linen Table Cloths and Napkins. 150. — Guerra, Joaquim Baptista da Silva, OPORTO. Bed-Covers. A Hammock. See Classes 245, 246, and 247. 151. — Lanca, Francisco Pereira da, CASTRO VERDE. Linen Bed Cover, Linens, Towels, etc. 152. — Magalhaes, Francisco Thiago, Taboa, COIMBRA, Linens. 153.— Mello, Gil Tavares de, PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Linen and Flax Goods. ^154. — Mello, Jose Cameiro, OPORTO. Samples of Linen Goods. See Classes 230, 231. 155. — Mesqulta, Pedro Jose, Taboa, COIMBRA. Samples of Linens. 156. — Montes, Manuel Alvares, OPORTO. Samples of Linen Fabrics. 157.— Moreira, D. Maria Jose, PONTA DELGADA. Unbleached and Bleached Linen Drill. 30 158. — National Rope Yard, Junqueira, LISBON. Canvas and Duck. See Class 287. EstaMished In 1788. Employs a movaTjle steam engine of 6-iiorse power, manual "and mechanical spinners and other apparatus. 80 men. Wages 800 to 400 reis. 20 children. . " 80 to 200 " 80 women. " 120 to 260 " Annual production in canvas and duck, _ _ . _ 21,000 $ 000 reis Market — The products are exclusively destined for the uses of the Ministry of Marine and the Colonies, Awards. — Bilv&r Medal^ Oporto, 1861, and a Copper one at Paris, 1867. 159. — Nobre, Jose Rodrigues Furtado, ODEMIRA. Spools, Skeins, and Spindles of Thread. Samples of Linen Goods. 160. — Nogueira, Manuel Augusto, PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Unbleached Canvas. 161. — Pacheco, Antonio Vaz, PONTA DBLG-ADA. Samples of Linens. 162. — Pacheco, Francisco Jeronimo, PONTA DBLGADA. Samples of Linens. Linen Thread. White Woollen Flannels. 163. — Pacheco, Joao Vaz, PONTA DELGADA. Linen and Cotton Covers. 164. — Resende, D. Barbara, PONTA DELGADA. A Linen and Cotton Counterpane woven in relieC. 165. — Rosa de Mattos, ( PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Linen and Flax. 31 166.- — Santos, Ascencio Jose dos, VALENCA. Several kinds of Linen and Crash Goods. ' These products are made, in general, by peasant women and are destined to their use. The flax is grown in the locality. 167. — Silva, Jose Pinto da, CuotijaeB, OLIVEIRA D'AZERNEIS. A piece of Linen. 168. — The Portuguese Government. Samples of Linens. 169. — Teixeira, D. Maria Amalia, PONTA DELGADA. Sewing Linen Balls. 170. — Torres Novas Spinning and Weaving Co., TORRES NOVAS. Bleached Canvas of different qualities. Established in 1845. Employs a turbine, Br^ult, of 7.5-hor3c power, a vertical wheel of 40 and a steam engine of 70 horse-power, also 40 men, 70 women and 130 children. Raw material — The linen in main part is imported from Russia, India, Egypt "and Italy. Markets — Portugal and Brazil. CLASS No. 234. 171. — Viuva Barboza Marinho, LISBON. Oil Cloths. W^OVEN AND FELTED GOODS AND MIXTURES OP "WOOL. Class 235. — Card wool fabricks. — Yarns, broadcloth, doeskins, fancy oassimeres. Felted goods. Class 236. — Flannels. — Plain flannels, domets, opera and fancy. Class 237.— Blankets, robes and shawls. Class 238. — Combined wool fabrics. — Worsteds, yarns, dress goods for women's wear, delaines, serges, poplins, merinoes. Class 239.— Carpets, rugs, etc. Brussels, Melton, tapestry, tapestry Brussels, Axminster, Venetian, ingrain, felted carpetings, druggets, rugs,_ etc. Class 240. Hair, alpaca, goat's hair, camel's hair, and other fabrics, mixed or unmixed with wool. Class 241. — Printed and embossed woolen cloths, table covers, patent velvets. 32 CLASS No. 235. 172. — Bibianno, Antonio Alves, Castanheira de Pera, PEDROGAO GRANDE. Black Cloths. Established in 1868. Employs 3 hydraulic iron wheels, 2 turbines, 2 steam-engines of 40 horse-power, me- chanical and usual looms, carding machines, spinners, Ac, &c. 80 men. Wages, 300 to 1,500 reis. 75 women. " 120 to 300 " 50 children. " 100 to 200 " Raw materials used are domestic and foreign, to the annual value of 80,000 8 000 reis. Annual production, ----- 1,50,000 S 000 reis Markets — Portugal and America. AwarA. — Silver Medal at the Districtal Exposition of Coimbra, 173. — Campo G-rande 'WooUen Fabrics Co., LISBON. Cloths, Cassimeres, Melton, Men's Shawls. Established in 1837. Employs a hydraulic motor of 40 horse-power, mechanical spindles, carding machines, etc., also, 61 men. Wages, 440 reis. 59 women, '' 200 " 32 children " 120 " Raw materials — Domestic and Foreign. Annual production, - - 100,000 $ 000 reis Market— -Portugal. Award — Medal of Merit at Vienna, 1873. 174. — Campos Mello & Co., COVILHAN. Summer Cassimeres. Established in 1836- Employs steam engine of 60 horse-power and 3 hydraulic wheels, usual looms and me- chanical, spinning, twisting and weaving apparatuses, etc., etc. 282 men. Wages, 200 to 2,000 reis. 118 women " 100 to 200 " 52 children, " 80 to 200 " Awards — Medals at London, Paris, Oporto and Vienna. 175. — Collaoo, Manuel Matheus, Castro Verde, BBJA, Woollen Horse-Blanket. Saddle Bags. 176. — Conceicao, Umbelina da, Castro Verde, BBJA. Saddle Bags. Established in 1850. Employs wooden looms, the work being by hand and two women. Raw material costs 7,500 reis for every 15 kilolitres. Annual production, - - 210 « 000 reis 33 CLASSES Nos. 235 and 237. 177. — Constant Bumay, LISBON. Cassimeres. Cloth. Blankets. Established in 1336 and rebuilt in 1875. Employs a steam-engine of 30 horse-power and a dydraulic motor of 16. 90 men. Wages, 300 to 1,000 reis. 150 women. ''^ 160 to 400 " 26 children. " 100 to 160 " Markets — Portugal and its Colonies. 178.— Costas & Carvalho, OLIVBIRA D'AZEBIEIS, "Woollen Cloths and Shawls. Established in 1864. Employs a hydraulic motor oi 20 horse-power, 25 manual spixiners and one mechanical and other necessary apparatuses, also 42 men. Wages, 200 to 1000 reis. 25 women, '■ 100 to 300 " 18 children, " 60 to 120 " Raw material — Domestic and Foreign, to the annual value of 18,000 S 000 Annual production, - " - 27,000 $000 Market — Portugal. Awards — Honorable mention, Oporto, 1865" CLASS No. 235. 179. — Cuatodio & Silva, COVILHAJSr. Woollen Cloths, Flannels, and Cheviots. hed in 1851. 5 a hydraulic motor of 14 horse, weaving, dyeing, &c., &c., and S Established in 1851. Employs a hydraulic motor of 14 horse-power and apparatuses for threading, carding, weaving, dyeing, &c., Ac, and 38 men. Wages, 360 to 600 reis. 16 women and children. ^' 60 to 200 " Saw material— DomeOtic and Spanish, to the annual cost of 18,000? 000 reis. Annual production, . •. - - 22,000 $000 reis 180. — Goncalves, Manuel Joao, Castro Verde, BEJA. Woollen Sash. 181. — Guilherma, Maria, Castro Verde, BEJA, A first quality Woollen Blanket. A second quality Woollen Blanket. Annual production, ^.OOO « OO" r^is Award — Paris, 1867. 34 CLASSES Nos. 235 and 237. 182. — Leandro, Manuel, Castro Verde, BEJA. Serge. Blanket. * CLASSES Nos.'235 and 236. 183. — Lordello Woollen Fabrics Co., Lordello, OPORTO. Cloths. Mixed Cloths. Cassimeres. Montaguac. Flannel. Employs a steam-engine, 68 kinds of macliines and 97 looms, and 9 men, 73 women and 26 children. CLASS No. 235. 184. — Mirrado, Jose Pedro Mendes, Macao, SANTAREM. Samples of Woven Woollen Goods. 185. — Neves, Balbina das, Brinxes, SBRPA. Coarse Woollen Cloth. 186. — Padronello Woollen Fabrics Co., AMARANTE. Cassimeres. Pilot Cloth. Montagnac. Melton. Established in 1856. Employs a hydraulic motor of 30 horse-power and a steam-engine of 18, usual spinners and a Jacquai'd loom, also, 71 men. Wages, 210 to 600 reis. 54, women, " 120 to 2-10 " :18 children. " 80 to t20 " Eaw material— Domestic and foreign, of the yearly yalue of 26,000 $ 000 reis. Annual production, - - 47,00O S 000 reis Market— Portugal. Awards. — 3 Silver Medals and a Copper one in National Exhibitions. 35 187.— Perdigao, Miguel S. R., S. Miguel de Machede, EVORA. Samples of coarse-woven Woollen Goods. 188.— Portalegre "WooUen Manufacturing Co., ' PORTALEGRE. Samples of Cassimeres, Dark Cloths, and cloths of different qualities. Established in 1772. Employs a Steam-engine from 50 to 60 horse-power, and 160 to 200 men. Wages, 200 to 800 reis. 30 to 60 women. " 80 to 120 " 15 to 30 children. " 60 to 160 " Eaw material from Portugal, Spain, Buenos Ayres, and Cape of Good Hope, to the annual value of 40 to 60,000 $000 reis. i- , .." one Annual production, . - 90 to 100,000 8 000 reis Markets— Portugal. . ' Awards.— Silver Medal at Paris, 1856; Oporlo, 1861 ; Liston, 1863 ; and Society for Ihe Pro- rrwHon of the Fabril Industry. 189. — Silva, Jose Francisco da, RECONDO. Samples of coarse-woven Woollen Goods. 190. — Vicencia Roza, AVEIRO. Samples of Woven Woollen Goods. CLASS No. 237. 191. — Albuquerque, Dr. Caetano d'Audrade, PONTA DELGADA. Linen and Cotton Bed-Covers, colored. 192. — Maria Barroga, Safara, MOURA. One Quilt. / 193. — Bernardo Baupias & Co., LISBON. Cassimeres, Shawls, Flannels, Mantels, Petticoats, Colored Night Caps, Undershirts, Sashes. Established in 1839. Employs a steam-engine of 78 horse-power; 4,000 bobbins, with 11 complete carding ma- chines; 50 manual and 36 mechanical looms; 200 braiding machines, and 144 for making braid shoes ; also, 330 men. WagesJ 450 to 800 reis. 370 women. " 200 to 300 " 15 children. " 100 to 200 " Eaw material used — wool, from Portugal, Spain, Germany, Cape of Good Hope, and South America, at an annual cost of 100,000 j 000 reis. Annual production, . _ . . 300,0008000 reis Markets — Portugal, its Colonies, and Brazil. Awards.— Bronze Medal at Oporto, 1857 ; Silver one at Oporto, 1861 ; of Honor at Oporto, 1865; Bronze at, Paris, 1867 ; Silver at Lisbon, 1863, and a Silver one at the Barcelona Exposition, 36 194. — Costa, Clemente Joaquim, PONTA DELGADA. Cotton Shawls colored. 195.— Filippa Piteira, Brinzes, SERF A. Blankets. Mantillas. 196. — Pacheco, Joao Vaz, PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Linen Fabrics for covering and dressing. 197. — Pignatelli, Jose da Cunha, GUARD A. Blanket. 197.— Ponte, Jose Caetano da, AIiMODOVAR. Woollen Mantle. 198. — Moreira, D. Maria Jose, PONTA DELGADA. Linen and Woollen Bed Covers, colored. 199. — Reaende, Francisca de, PONTA DELGADA. Linen and Woollen Fabrics, colored. 200. — Simoes, Clara Rosa, AVEIRO. A Mantle of woven Linen and liagi?. CLASS No. 238. 201. — Montes, Manuel Alvares, OPORTO. Samples of Combined Wool and Cotton Fabrics. See Classes 230, 231. 37 202- — Netto, Antonio Eugenio Bello, SANTARBM. Woollen stuffs for Mantles. CLASS No. 240. 203. — Manuel Pernandes, COIMBRA. Samples of Groat's Hair Fabrics. SILK AND SILK FABRICS, AND MIXTURES IN WHICH SILK IS THE PREDOMINATING- MATERIAL. Class 242. — Cocoons and raw silk as reeled from the cocoon, thrown or twisted silks in the gum. Class 243. — Thrown or twisted aUks, boiled off or dyed, in hanks, skeins, or on spools. Class 244. — Spun silk yarns and fabrics, and the materials' from which they are made. Class 245. — Plain woven silks, lutestrings, sarsnets, satins, serges, foulards, tissues for hat and .millinery purposes, etc. Class 246. — Figured silk piece goods, woven or printed, upholstery silks, etc. Class 247. — Crapes, iVelvets, gauzes, cravats, handkerchiefs, hosiery, knit goods, laces, scarfs, ties veils, all descriptions of cut and made-up silks. Class 248. — Ribbons, plain, fancy, and velvet. Class 249'. — Bindings, braids, cords, galloons, ladies' dress trimmings, uphol- sterers', tailors', military, and miscellaneous trimmings. . , CLASS No. 243. 204. — "Serioola Bgyptaniense " Company, • OPORTO. Silk Yarns. CLASSES Nos. 242, 243, 245 and 246. 205 — National Silk Spinning and Weaving Company, Successor to Cor- deiro & Irmao, LISBON. Nineteen frames with Samples of Silk Goods for Dresses and Upholstery. One frame with Cocoons, Eaw Silk and Twisted Silk. Established in 1852. Employs a steam-engine of 6 liorse-power, also hand and mechanical looms and other apparatuses. 28 men. Wages, 400 to 700 reis 143 women '''^ 160 to 400 reis. Baw material — Domestic. ' Annual production, ... . 100,0008000 reis Markets — Portu'gal and Brazil. Awards.— First Medals at Oporto, 1861, 1863 and 1866 ; second medal at Pa/ris, 1867 ; Silver Prize at Oporto, 1869, and of Progress at Vienna, 1873, and deeorHted by the Portuguese Government for services rendered to the Industry. 38 CLASS No. 244. 206. — Braudao, Jose Marcal, OPORTO. Skeins of Colored-Twisted Sewing Silk. EstaWished in 1860. Employs spindles and 12 men. Wages, 440 reis. 22 women. ''^ 200 " 16 ohidren. " 120 " Kaw materials are raw silk, from China and Turkey. Markets — Portugal and Brazil. Awards.— Oporto, 1861 ; Paris, 1867, and Vienna-, 1873. 207. — Silya e Alves, Antonio Jose Pereira da, OPORTO. Twenty-six Skeins of Silk, weighing 160 grammes. Established in 1830. - Eaw material-— Domestic and foreign. Markets — Portugal and Brazil. Awards, — Medal ai NationalJSxhibition of lfiG5,%ono7'able mention in 1861, Bronze Medal at Faris, 1867. CLASSES Nos. 245 and 247. 208. — Ponseoa, Manuel da Motta, OPORTO. Samples of Silk Serge. Colored Satin Handkerchiefs. Established in 1871. Employs 7 small machines and 6 .Tacquard looms. Men's wages, 460 reis. Women's wages, 120 to 240 reis. Children's wages, 80 to 160 reis. Haw material used to the annual value of . 5 to 6,000 $ 000 reis Annual production, - 7,000 $ 000 reis CLASSES Nos. 245, 246, and 247. 209. — Guerra, Joaquim Baptista da Silva, OPORTO. Samples of Poplins. Satin Handkerchiefs. Sample of Yellow and Blue Brocade. Established in i866. Employs .Tacquard looms and other apparatuses, also, 26 men, 320 to 750 reis. 20 women, 160 to 260 reis. 25 children. 80 to 130 reia. Raw materials used to the value of 30,000 .$ 000 reis. Annual production, 45,000 3 000 reis. ' Awards. —Medals at Parw, 1867 ; Oporto, 1866, and Vienna, 1873, and ihcoraled by tin Por- tuguese Qmjernment for services rendered to Industry. 39 CLASSES Nos. 245 and 240. 210.— HerdeiroB de Manuel Cuatodio Moreira, OPORTO. Samples of Damask, Satin, Poplin and Silk Goods. Established in 1823. Employs 10 men and 2 children. Eaw materials are imported, to the annual value, 3,000 $ 000 reis. Annual production, 6,400 S 000 reis. Markets— Portugal and Brazil. Awards.— Medals at Oporto, 1866, London, 1851, Oporto, 1867, and Lisbon, 1868, 211. — Ramires y Ramires, LISBON. Samples of Silk Goods. Threading and Knitting Factories. Employs one steam-engine of 10 horse-power, 80 men, and 100 women. Raw materials — Domestic and foreign. Annual production — Threading, . . .30,000 $ 000 reis Knitting, . . 70,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazill Awards. — National Medals at Oporto, 185t ; Lisbon, IH&H ; International, Oporto, 1865; and Vienna, 1873. CLASS No. 246. 212. — Aranjo, Antonio Jose Barboza de, BRAGA. \'ariegated Silk. CLASSES Nos. 246 and 249. 213. — Silva, Manoel Jose Francisco da, BRAGA. Gold Lustring. Variegated Silks. " Damask. Wide Silk Galoons. Narrow " " CLASSES Nos. 246 and 247. 214. — ^David Jose da Silva & Filho, OPORTO. Damask, of different qualities, Satins, and Gold Damask for upholstery. Established in 1825. ^ EmnloTS a Jacquard loom and 10 men. Wages, 300 to 800 reis. ^ ' 8 women. " 200 to 300 " 2 children. " 80 to 120 " Eaw material from China, Italy, and Portugal. Awards.— Medals at London, 1851 ; Pans, 1855 ; Oporto, 1861 ; Lisbon, 1863, and Opm-lo, 1869 40 215. — Vasconcellos, Jose da SUva Pereira, BRAGA. Bed Damask. Black Velvet. CLASS No. 247. 216. — Manviel Joaquim de Lima & Filho, OPORTO. Black Velvet- 9 Parasol Silk Covers. Established in 18.50. Employs 10 men, Wages, 400 reis. 4 women, " 200 reis. 2 children, " 120 reis. 217. — Pimentel & Queiroz, OPORTO. Samples of Velvet, Satin, Silk and Taffeta. Employs — 2 men. Wages, 400 reis. 8 women. " 240 " CLASSES Nos. 248 and 249. 218. — Nogueira, Francisco Jose, OPORTO. Silk Ribbon.s. Silk and Cotton Ribbons. Plain Silk. Silk Velvet. Silk Fringe. Established in 18.5.'!. Employs 10 men 6 women. .3 children. Eaw materials — Domestic and Foreign. Annual production, . . ' . 8,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal, Spain and Brazil. Awards — Medals at Lisbon and Braga, 1863, Oporto, 1865. C:LASS No. 248. 219. — Mot±a, Augusto Antonio da, OPORTO. Woollen, Silk, and Cotton Tlii'ead. Established in 1864. Employs 10 hands. Wages, 200 to 800 reis. Raw materials from England, to the annual value of 8,000 8 000 rei Market — Portugal. 41 CLASS No. 249. 220. — Machado, Julio Rodrignes, OPORTO. . Silver and Gold Tassels and Ornaments for Church Vestries. Established in 1872. Employs 12 bands. 221. — Viuva Ferreira Campos & Co., OPORTO. Several samples of Gold and Silver Braid and Galoons, small and large Cylindrical Gold Beads, Gold Thread and Trimmings, etc., etc. Established in Oporto in 1785. Employs Jacquard looms, also, 8 men. Wages, 400 to 1200 reis. 7 women. '' 150 to 300 " 5 cMldrbn. " 120 to 240 " Annual production, ... . 12 to 20,000 f 000 reis Awajr^.^Medals at London^ 1852, Oporto 1861. 222. — Coelho, Jose de Souza, PENAFIEL. Samples of different kinds of Metal Galloons. 223. — Gruimaraes, Custudio Lopes da Silva, PENAFIEL. Samples of Metal-woven Galoons. Established in 1872. Employs 125 looms, weaving only 1 galoon at a time. 15 men. Wages, 140 to 550 reis. 105 women. ^ 80 to 220 " 130 children. " 30 to 80 " Raw materials used are from Germany, England, and Amerjca. Annual production, - i - - 20,000,000 reis Markets— Portugal and Brazil. 224. — Cameiro, Francisco dos Santos, OPORTO. Samples of False Braided Goods. Established in 1852. Employs 155 hands ; wages, 120 to 600 reis. Baw material to the annual value of 8,0008000 reis. Annual production, . . - 12,000 if 000 reis Markets— I'ortugal, Spain, and Brazil. Awards. — Medals at Oporio and Lisbon, and Diploma of Merit at Vienna, 1873. 225. — Guimaraes, Custodio Jose da Silva, OPORTO. Samples of Galoons. 42 226. — Braga, Manoel Jose Vieira, BRAGA. A Silk Emblem. 227. — Alexandre Henriques, OPORTO. Samples of Elastic Webs. 228. — Antunes, Jeronymo Jose, ' BRA.GA. Samples of Elastic Webs of several kinds. 229. — Costa, Jose Antonio da, OPORTO- Samples of Elastic Webs. Established in 1869. Employs— 4 men. Wages, 300 to 400 reis. 1 woman. ''^ 200 to 300 " 2 children. " 100 to 160 ". Baw material used is foreign, at the annual cost of 2,200 $000. Annual production, - . . . 3,500 $ 000 reis 230. — Cardoso, Manoel Joaqtiim, OPORTO. Samples of Elastic Webs. Awards. — Silver Medal at Oporto, 1851 ; Honorable Mention at Oporto, 1867. CLOTHING, JEWELRY AND ORNAMENTAL TRAVELING EQUIP- MENTS. Class 250- — Eeady-made clothing, knit goods and hosiery, military clothing, church vestments, costumes, waterproof clothing, and clothing for special objects. Class 251. — Hats, caps, boots and shoes, gloves, mittens, etc., straw and pahn- leaf hats, bonnets, and millinery. Clas^ 252. — Laces, embroideries, and trimmings for clothing, furniture, and carriages. Class 253. — Jewelry and ornaments worn upon the person. Class 254. — Artificial flowers, coifiiires, buttons, trimmings, pins, hooks and oycs, fans, umbrellas, sun-shades, walking-canes, pipes, and small objects of dress or adornment, exclusive of jewelery. Toys ane fancy articles. Class 255. — Fancy Itiither work, pocket-books, toilet cases, traveling equipments, v.'ilises and trunks. Class 256. — Furs. Class 257. — Historical collections of costumes national costumes. 43 CLASS No. 250. 231.^Calheta, Maiia Pereira da, PONTA DELGADA. White Coverlet, Knitted Hose. Pillow Cases, " Night Caps. 232. — Conceicao, Umbelina da, CASTRO VERDE. Saddle Bags. 233.— Dabney, S. TV., FAYAL. Six pairs of Embroidered Stockings; / 234. — Plorencia Serrana, AVEIRO. A Peasant's Boddice with large silver buttons. 235. — Faixao Junior, Antonio Angusto, COIMBRA. French cloth Frock Coat. 236.— Rego, A. P.. LISBON. Naval Officer's Uniform, coat and pants. CLASS No. 251. 237. — Costa Braga e Filho, OPORTO. Felt and Silk Hats. Established in 1866. Employs a steam engine of 1'5-liorse power. 140 men. 60 women. Annual production, ... 120,0008000 reis Markets — Portugal, Spain, Brazil and South America. .Awwrds. — Mrst arid Second Class at Rio de Janeiro, Oporto, 1865, Pa/ris, 1867, Vienna, 1873. Decorated by the Portuguese Government for services rendered to the industry. 238. — Bahia, Antonio Jose Rodrigues, BRAGA. Hats of different qualities. 44 239. — Bahia, Custodio Jose Rodrigues, BRAGA. Hats of diiferent qualities. \ 240.— Dabney, R. L., FAYAL. Hat of Wood Shavings. 241. — Ferreira, D. Joanna E., FAYAIi. Ladies Hats of Wood Shavings. 242. — Lima Carvalho, FAYAL. Eight Straw Hats and Samples of Plaited .Straw. 243. — Maia, e Silva, Filho Sc Goncalves, OPORTO. Hats of various kinds. Established in 1854. Employs 225 men, 85 women, and 45 boys. Uses a machine of 35 horse-power. \ Annual production, - - - 190,000 8000 Markets — Portugal, Spain, Africa, and Brazil. Awards at several £JxMbUions. 244. — Maria da Saiga, PONTA DELGADA. A white, Soft Bush Hat. 245. — OiSoial Commission of Ponta Delgada, Island of S. Miguel, AZORES. Straw Hats. 246. — Paula, Antonio Jose, BARCELLOS. Cork Hats. 247. — Perelras Irmas, PONTA DELGADA. Straw Hats. 45 248. — The Portuguese Government. Broad Brimmed Hats. 249. — RamaJho, Jose da Cunha, PONTA DBLGADA. Straw Hats. 250.--Santos & Irmao, OVAR. Hats of various kinds. Established in 1875. Employs 36 men, 33 women and 6 boys- Uses a steam engine from 26 to 40-horjic power, and other different apparatuses. Kaw materials used to the annual value of 37,000 9 000 reis. Annual production, - - . . . 124,000 8 000 re Markets— Portugal aud Colonies, Spain, lirazil and Kio de la Plata. 251. — Silva, Antonio Moreira da, AVEIRO. Woollen Hats. Established in 18 IB. Employs 60 men, ;J0 women, and 20 children. Annual production, 20,000 $000 reis Market — Portugal. Awards, — Tndnsirial Exhibition of Oporto, ISfil. 252. — Viuva de A. R020, LISBON. Hats of different kinds. Established in lS.'i2. Employs a steam engine of 2J^ horse-power. Annual production, 70,000$ 000 reis, a great part of which is exported. Awards. — Medals at London, 1862; Oporto, 1865; Bordeaux, 1865; Luhon, 1S6.^ ; Paris, 1867; Vienma, 1873. 253. — Valenca, Domingos Pernandes, AVEIRO. Woollen Hats. Established In 1871. Employs 20 men, 7 women and 14 boys- Annual production, 8,000 * 000 reis 46 254. — Almeida, Germano de, LISBON. Ladies' and Gentlemen's Boots and Shoes. Established in 1866. Employs— 10 men. Wages, 600 to 1,000 reis. 9 women. " 200 to 360 " 2 children. " 100 to ISO " Raw materials used are domestic, French, and German. Annual production, . 6 to 7,000 8 000 reis Markets — Portugal, Brazil, and Africa. 255. — Areu, Manuel Joaquim da Silva, BRA.GA. Different kinds of Boots and Shoes. 256. — Baireiros, Francisco Isldoro, BEJA. Boots and Shoes, 257. — Carralho, Joaquim Jose de, GUIMAHAES. Clog-Shoes and Slippers. 258. — Bernardo Daupias & Co., LISBON. Men's, Ladies' and Children's Woollen Shoes. 259. — Dias, Antonio, OPORTO. Clog-shoes. Established in 1870. Raw materials used are Domestic. , Annual production, . . 5,500 $ 000 roi« 260. — Ferreira, Jose Bento, LISBON. Calf-skin and Carpet Shoes, and Morocco Slippers. 47 261.— Gomes & Filho, LISBON. Boots and Shoes. Employs 50 men, Wages, 360 to 800 reis. 20 women, '' 160 to 400 " 1 child, " 100 " Raw materials arc domestic and foreign Markets— Portugal, Brazil and Africa. ' 262. — Guimaraea, Custodio Jose da Silva, OPORTO. List Shoes. 263.— Guimaraes, Custodio Lopes da Silva, LISBON. List Shoes. Established in 1874. Employs — 45 men. Wages, 240 to 850 reis. 270 women, •'^ 160 to 820 " 130 children. " 80 to 160 " Materials used — Domestic and foreign, to the annual value of .58,000 $ 000 reis. Annual production, ----- 90,000 S 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil. 264. — House of Correction, LISBON. Shoes of different qualities. 265. — Paiva, Manuel Joao da,i BRAGA. Different kinds of Boots and Shoes. 266. — Pereira, Luis Maria, OPORTO. Ladies' and Gentlemen's Boots and Shoes. Established in 1836. Employs — 10 men. Wages, 400 to 700 reis. 3 women. " 300 1 child. Annual production, 8,000 $ 000 reis 267. — Saiito Tliirso, Antonio dos Reis, AVBIRO. Embroidered Clog Shoes. 48 268. — Sequeira, Francisco Pinto, OPORTO. Boots and Shoes. Established in 1864. Employs 15 to 16 men. Annual production, 4 to 5,000 * 000 reis 269. — Serra, Pelippe Jose, LISBON. Ladies' and Gentlemen's Boots and Shoes Established in 1866. Employs — 30 men. Wages, 400 to 1,000 reis. 12 women " 240 to 300 " Eaw materials used are from Portugal, France, and Germany, to the annual value of 12,000 S 000 reis. Annual production, - - 24,000*000 Markets — Portugal, Africa and Brazil. Awards. — Medals at Industrial, Oporto, 1861, and International, Oporto, 1865. 270. — Silva, JnUo Pereira da, PENAFIEL. Different kinds of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Clog-Shoes. 271. — Silva, Miguel Manuel da, VIANNA DO CASTELLO. Boots. Established in 1864. Employs 36 men. Wages 200 to 300 reis. 12 children. " 80 to 120 " Annual production, - - - . . X,000 $ 000 reis This manufactory iurnishes several Infantry Army Corps. 272. — Scares, Jose Nogueira, PENAFIEL. Clog Slioes. Established in 1869. Employs— 5 men. Wages, 300 io 600 reis. 2 women. '• 160 to 300 " Annual productirm, - - -~ 6,000 it 000 reis Market — Portugal and Bra/.il. Awards, — Diploma of Merit at Virnna, 1873. 273. — Souto, Rodrigo Alves Martins, OPORTO. Boots and Shoes. Established in 1871. Employs 8 men. Wages, 600 to 800 n-is. 3 women. '' 200 Annual production, - . 2,000*000 reis Market — Portugal. ' 49 274. — Souza, Jose da Cunha Alves de, BRAGA. Boots and Shoes. 275, — The Portuguese Government. Olog Slices and Slippers. 276.— Vianna, Antonio Martins, OPORTO. List Shoes. Established in 1872. Employs— 20 men. Wagas, 360 to 700 reis. 50 women, " 180 to 3(i0 " 10 children. " 80 to 140 " Raw materials used — Domestic. Annual production, - 18,000 jt 000 reis Market — Portugal and Brazil. Awards — Honorable, Mention at Farts, 18G7, and Diploma of Merit at Vienna, lS7:i. 277. — Delays, Hypolito, LISBON. Kid Gloves of difi'erent qualities. Employs 10 men. Wages, 1500 reis. 50 women. ''^ 300 " 25 boys. " 120 " Annual production in canvas and duck, _ _ _ _ 40,000 S 000 reis Awards — Medal of Merit at Vienna, 1873.; Medal of Merit, Society for the Promotion of the Fahril Industry. Decorated by the Portuguese Government. 278. — Jorge, Diogo, successor of Baron, LISBON. Kid Gloves of different qualities. Employs 8 men, Wages, 800 reis. 72 women, ''^ 160 " 2 boys, " 120 " Material used to the annual value of 12,000 $000 reis. Annual production, - - 18,000 $ 000 reis. Markets — Portugal, Brazil and Africa. Awards — Medals, London, 1851, Paris, 1855. 279. — Oporto Glove Company, OPORTO. Kid Gloves of different qualities. Established in 1872. Employs— 10 men. Wages, 400 to 2,250 reis. 60 women. ^ " 100 to 800 " 3 boys. " 100 Annual production, - - - 10,000 S 000 reis Markets— Portugal and South America. 50 280. — Silva, Bernardino Antnnes da, LISBON. Kid Gloves of diiferent qualities. Established In 1872. Employs ten men and one hundred women. „ „„„ Annual production, - - - 18,000 ? 000 reis Market — Portugal. Award — M&daX at Vienna, 1873. CLASS No. 252. 281. — Bivar, Manoel d' Almeida Coelho de, PORTIMAO. Laces. 282. — Camara, Manuel da, PONTA DELGADA. A Table Cover. Samples of Cotton Lace. 283. — Carvalho, D. Anna Candida Leonor da Costa, OVAR. A Silk Cambric Handkerchief with embroidered Hems. 284. — Coral, Joanna IJJaria Dias, OVAR. Embroideries. 285.— Dabney, S. W., FAYAL. Aloe Shawl. Over Dress, Jacket and Sash. Muslin Neck-ties. 286. — Croes, Francisco Enulio de, ALJUSTREL. Samples of Laces. 287. — John Davies, FAYAL, Two Pincushions. Crivo Work. 51 288.— Nabinho, Jose da Ponaeca, OPORTO. Samples of Woollen Cord. Samples of Fine Woollen, Linen and Cotton Cord. bamplea of Corset Strings. 289.— Perreira, D. Joanna B., PAYAL. Black Lace with straw protections for Ladies' Hats. White Lace. A Petticoat, Jacket, and Sash of Lace with Straw protections. 290. — Lima, Anna Julia da Conceicao, PONTA DELGADA. Samples of Linen and Cotton Lace. 291. — Lima, Bernardo de Abreu, PONTA DELGADA. A Table Gloth. Strips of White Embroidery. 292.— Magalhaes, D. Anna Maria Barboza, AVEIRO. Laces. 293. — Oliveira, I. P. d', Island of Madeira, PTJNCHAL. Embroideretl Caps, Collars, and Handkerchiefs. CLASSES Nos. 252 and 254. 294. — Santos Brites, Maria Gomes e Rosa Gomes doa, OVAR. Lacea, Crochet Work, and Embroidery. Artificial Flowers made of the pits of the fig-tree and of shells, of silk, wool, &c. CLASS No. 252. 295. — Tavares, Rita de Jeaus, AVEIRO. Linen Lace. 52 296.— Teixeira, Carlotta Mathilde, Island of Madeira, FUNCHAL. Samples of White Embroidered Cotton and Linen Goods, such as hand- kerchiefs, insertings, edgings, dresses, caps, &c. 297. — The Portuguese Government./ Linen Laces manufactured at Vianna do Castello. 298. — The Primary School of BARCELLOS. Embroideries. 299. — Themundo (Maria Eduarda), CASTRO VERDE. Laces. 300. — Theresa de Jesus, PONTA DELGADA. Shirts Fronts. CLASS No. 253. 301. — Aurliicia Company, OPORTO. Engine-turned and Chiselled Silver and Gilt-silver Pieces. This companT owns also a saw-mill. See Class 601. Established in 1865. Employs — 100 men. Wages, 240 to 2,250 reis. 40 women. " 120 to 800 " 40 children. " 80 to 160 " Uses a steam engine of 50 horse-power. Raw materials from England, France, Germany, and Portugal, to the annual value of 100,000? 000 reis. Annual production, 200,000 $ 000 reis 302. — Cerquinho, Francisco Augusto Vaz, OPORTO. Gold and Silver Filagree Work, and other articles of the same metals. Established in 1871. Markets — England, France, Brazil. Awards — Medal of Progress at Vienna, 1873. 303. — Couto, Antonio Gullherme do, S. Pedro da Cova, OPORTO. Silver Filagree Work. 53 304.— Coutinho, A. & Filho, OPORTO. Silver Filagree Work. 305. — Leitao & Irmao, OPORTO. Gold and Silver Filagree Work. 306. — Lobao e Ferreira, OPORTO. Gold Jewelry and Silver Purses. Gold and Filagree Work. 307. — Marques Junior, Manuel Martins, Fanzeres, OPORTO. Silver Filagree Work. 308. — Moutinho, Iiuiz Pinto, LISBON. Silver Table Ornaments, Centre Pieces, and Ornaments for Images. Markets — Portugal, Brazil, and Africa. 309. — Moutinho de Souza, P., Successors, OPORTO. Oold and Silver Filagree Work. 310.— Noguelra, Antonio Marques, OPORTO. Silver Filagree Work. 311. — Seabra, Jose dos Santos, OPORTO. Gold and Silver Filagree Work, and other articles of the same metals. Markets— Portugal, Spain, England and Brazil. 312. — Teixeira, Jose Rodriques, OPORTO. Silver Jewelry and Silver Purses. Awards.— Bronze Medal at London, 1851, arid Silver Medal at Oporto, 1865. 54 CLASS No. 254. 313. — Carvalho, Maria da Conceicao, PONTA DELGADA. A frame with flowers made of the Pith of the Fig Tree. 314.— Dabney, S. W., PAYAL. An Eagle made of Pith of the Fig Tree. 315. — Perreira, D. Joanna, E., PAYAL. Flowers for Millinery purposes. 316. — Lima, Joao Bernardo de Abreu, PONTA DELGADA. A frame of Pricked Paper. 317. — Pinho, D. GuUherrmna d'OIiveira, PONTA DELGADA. Four bunches of Feather Flowers. Twenty-six bunches of Kag Flowers. 318. — Souza, D. Maria Magdalena de, PONTA DELGADA. A Yacht and a Steamboat made of the Pith of the Fig Tree. Bunches of flowers of the same material. Flowers made of Stearina. 319. — The Portuguese Government, Artificial Flowers manufactured at the House of Correction, Lisbon. 320.— Schalck, H., LISBON. Samples of Buttons and of Hooks and Eyes. i Established in 1847. Employs — 60 men. Wages, 400 to 900 reis. 80 women. " 200 to 360 " 80 children. " 80 to 120 " Uses a steam engine of 20 horse power. Markets — Portugal, Spain, and South America. Awards. — Bronze Medal at Paris, 1855 ; Silver Medal at Oporto, 1866 : Paris, 1867 ; Medal of Merit at Vienna, 1873; Bronze Medal, Society for the pi-ovwtion of the Fdbril Industry, 1873. Decorated by the Portuguese Government. 55 321.— Goncalves Ribas & Co., OPORTO. Samples of Buttons. Established in 1863. Employs 10 men. Wages, 700 reis. 60 women. " 240 " 10 children. " 120 " Raw material used are from Portugal, France, England, and Germany, to the annua value ot 12,000 8 000 rels. Annual production, - 20,000 8 000 reis Markets— Portugal and Brazil. Awards, — Silver Medal at Oporto, 1865. I 322. — Marques, Jose Antonio, BRAOA. Umbrellas used by the peasants. 323. — Diogo, Manuel Antonio, OPORTO. Umbrellas. Established in 1871. Employs 15 men, 6 women and two boys, Annual production, - - 16,000 $ OOO reis Markets — Portugal and Spain. 324. — Cunha, Augusto Mendes da, GUIMARAES. Horn Combs. 325. — Passos, Augusto Fructuoso, GTJIMARAES. Horn Combs. CLASS No. 255. 326. — David, Jose d'Azevedo, OPORTO. Trunks and Hat Boxes. Established in 1874. WmnloTs 3 men wages, 300 to 600 reis. 1^^ mlterS? used f o the annual value of 800 $ 000 reis. • ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^.^ Annual production, - ^"a!^I^^S.;'l^LT 0^1865 : copper ,nedal, Oporto, 1865. 56 327. — Ramos, Joaquim Antonio, BEJA. A Skin of Wine. A Wine Leather Flaek. 328. — Rooha, Francisco Jose da Silva, OPORTO. Wooden trunks covered with Leather, Valises and Travelling Bags. Game Bag and Shot Belt. CLASS No. 257. 329. — Trindade, Joaquim Antonio, BEJA. Peasant's Gaiters. 330. — The Portuguese Government, LISBON. A Peasant Woman's Dress. 331. — Coutinho, Jose Maria da Camara, PONTA DELGADA. A Cap of Linen Duck. A Cap of Blue Cloth worn by the people of Azores Islands. PAPER, BLANK BOOKS, AND STATIONERY. Cass 258. — Stationery for the desk, stationers' articles, pens, pencils, inkstands, and other apparatus of writing and drawing. Class 259. — Writing paper and envelopes, blank-book paper, bond paper, tracing paper, tracing linen, tissue paper, etc., etc. Class 290. — Printing paper for books, newspapers, etc. Wrapping paper of all grades, cartridge and manilla paper, paper bags- Class 261. — Blank books, sets of at^count books, specimens of ruling and bind- ing, including blanks, bill heads, etc. : bookbinding. Class 262. — Cards — Playing cards, cardboard, bindees' board, pasteboard, paper or cardboard boxes. Class 263. — Building paper, pasteboard for walls, cane fibre felt for car wheels, ornaments, etc. Class 264. — Wall papers, enamelled and coloured papers, imitations of leather, wood, etc. 57- CLASS No. 259. 332. — Freitas, PeUciano Gabriel de, LISBON. Blue Writing Paper (Foolscap) White Writing Paper (Foolscap) Wrapping Paper. Employs— 8 men. Wages, MO to 600 reis. 12 women- " 100 to 120 " 6b6ys. " 50 to ao " Uses a hydraulic machine of 5 horse-power. Annual production, - - 4,000 $000 reis Market— Lisbon. 333- — LemoB, Joao Goncalves de, LOUZAN. Writing Paper of different qualities. tjses a steam engine and a hydraulic machine. 334. — Prado Paper MiU Company, THOIVIAR. Samples of Writing Paper. Established in 1875. Employs 100 workmen. Wages from 60 to 240 reis. Uses hydraulic machines. Eaw materials— Domestic. Drugs, imported. CLASS No. 260. 335, — Galiauo, Manoel Aspres d'Oliveira, OPORTO. Corn-Husk Cigarette Wrappers. 336. — Rava Mesnier, COIMBRA. Corn-Husk Cigarette Wrappers. CLASS No. 261. 337.— Lisboa, Jose Balbino da Silva, & Co., LISBON. Specimens of ordinary and elegant Book-binding. Established in 1856. Employs- 22 men. Wages, 300 to .1,600 reis. 7 women " 160 to 400 " 4 children. " 120 to 160 " Kaw materials are domestic and foreign, to the annual value of 10 to 12,00011000 reis. Annual production, ..... 12 to 15,000 8 000 reis Awards. Silver Medal ai Oporto, 1865 ; one of merit at Vienna, 1873 ; and' .one from the Society for the ^Promotion of the Fabril Industry. CLASS No. 262. 338. — Lisbon National Printing OfBce, LISBON. Playing Cards. See Class 265. 339. — Santos Brites, Maria Gomes y Rosa Gomes dos; OVAR. A Paste-board Calvary. CLASS No. 265. 340. — Lallemant Preres, LISBON. Plain and Fancy Typographical Works. Satin impressions. Established in 1855. Awards.— Medals at Oporto, 1865; Paris, 1867 ; Vierma, 1873. Three Honorable mentions for services rendered to the Typographical At^. 341. — National Printing OfBce of Lisbon, Typography. Common and Illustrated Books. Liturgical Works. Fine and Handsome Editions. Type Foundry. See Class 642. Engraving Plates. Types. Variety of Cliche's. Lithography. See Class 423. Plans, Maps, Specimens of Chromolythography. Plain Cards' See Class 262. Cards prepared on the best Italian Paste-board. Established in 1768. Employs a steam engine of 6 horse-power. In the Typography 18 manual and 5 mechanical presses and other auxiliary machines. In the Foundry, 14 casting machines, 7 crenating machines, 6 turning machines, 8,000 punches, 37,0f)0 matrices and other implements. In the Lithography, 16 manual and 1 mechanical presses and other implements. And 251 men, 16 women, and 37 children. Raw matarial — Paper from Abelheira (Toial), Alemq^ucr, Thomar, and Louzan. Lead from the Bracal mines in Portugal and Huelva in Spain, to the annual value of (paper not included), 48,000 J 000 reis. Annual production, - - - - 130,000 $000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil, in regard to types. Awards — Medals at London, 1862; Gold Medal at Oporto, 1865 ; Gold Medal and the Gross of the Legion of Honor at Paris, 1867, and Medal of Progress at Vienna, 1873. 59 3*2. — Nepomuoeno, Manuel, OPORTO. Specimens of Typographical Work. Books. Established in 18S5. Employs— 20 men. Wages, 500 to 1,000 reis. 6 children. " 100 to 300 " Raw materials used are domestic and foreign. Annual production, . 7,000 S 000 rei« Markets— Portugal and Brazil. MILITARY AND NAVAL ARNAMENTS, ORDNANCE, FIRE ARMS AND APPARATUS OF HUNTING AND FISHING. Class 265. — Military small arms, muskets, pistols, and magazine guns, with their ammunition. Class 266. — Light artillery, compound guns, machine guns, mitrailleuses, etc. Class 267, — Heavy ordnance and its accessories. Class 268. — Knives, swords, spears and dirks. Class 269. — Fire arms used for sporting and hunting, also other implements for the same purpose. Class 270. — Traps for game, birds, vermin, etc. CLASS No. 266. 343. — Tavares, Francisco Antonio, Azeitao, SETUBAL. A Conical Ball for a smooth-bore Cannon. 29 pound. CLASS No. 269. 344. — Carvalho e MeUo, A. J., &e, BRAGANCA. A Cane changeable into a Gun. CLASS No. 265. 345.— Cardoso, Jose Pereira, OPORTO. Samples of Lead Shot. Awards.-Medah at the ExUiUions of ParU, 1855 and 1867 ; Lyons, 1872 ; Oporto, 1857, 1861 and 1865. 60 CLASS No. 269. 346. — Ferreira, Joao Jose, OPORTO. Sporting Breech-loading Gun. CLASS No. 265. 347. — Manuel Antonio da Silva & Filhos, LISBON. Samples of Lead Shot. Awards- — Bronze medals at the Exhibitions of London and Paris, 1867. CLASS No. 270. 348. — Pilao e Luzes, Antonio d'Oliveira & Joao Gomes Leite, OVAR. Fishing Nets. See Class 594. 349. — Oliveira, G-aspar Jose de. Fishing Nets. MEDICINE, SURGERY, PROTHESIS. Class '_72. — Medicines ; officinal (in any authoritative pliarmacopoea'), articles of the materia medica, preparations, unofficinal. Class 273. — Dietetic preijaratious, as beef extract, and other articles intended especially for the sick. Class 274. — Pharmaceutical apparatus. Class 275. — Instruments for physical diagnosis, clinical thermometers, stetho- scopes, opthalmoscopes, etc., (except clinical microscopes, etc., for which see Class 324). Class 276. — Surgical instrments and appliances, with dressings, apparatus for deformities, prothesis, obstetrical instruments. Class 277' — Dental instruments and appliances. Class 278. — Vehicles and appliances for the transportation of the sick and wounded, during peace and war, on shore or at sea. CLASS No. 272. 350. — Drack Junior, J. Ribeiro Guimaraes, LISBON. Drack's Pectoral Syrup of Cherry Laurel. Health's Restorative. Pectoral Flour. Drack's Anti-Scorbutic Elixir. 61 Drack's Horse-Radish Syrup, iodized. Syrup prepared with the Sap of the Maritime Pine Tree. Syrup of Quinine and Iodine of Iron. Aubergier's Syrup of Lactucarium. Dr. Dechoix's Aromatic Tincture of Arnica. Dr. Dechoix's Aromatic Tincture with Camphor. Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil. Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil, desinfected. Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil, ferruginous. Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil, with iodine of iron. Norwegian Cod-Liver Oil, with iodine of iron, desinfected. Agua das Dam as. Bruguet's Oil. Many of these medicines are the exclusive property of the exhibitor, and are only manufactured in his own laboratory. 351.— Ferraz, Jose Libertador de Magalhaes, COEMBRA. Cod Livei Oil, purified with roasted coffee, after the exhibitors' formula. Saccharuret of Pyro-phosphate of Iron and soda ; a new manner of ad- ministering to the sick a salt of iron of remarkable solubility. Elixir, after Richard's formula, modified by the exhibitor. Sweet Almond Oil. Castor Oil, extracted from seeds gathered in the environs of Coimbra. Glycerine in its greatest degree of purity, after Merfit's method. Soluble Phosphate of Iron of Leras, made according to Leras' process. Syrup of Sap of Maritime Pine Tree. Pectoral Syrup of Iceland Moss. Exhibitor's formula. Syrup of Hypo-phosphate of Lime. Syrup of Hypo-phosphate of Soda- - Cod-Liver Oil and Iron reduced by Hydrogen. Exhibitor's process. Cod-Liver Oil with loduret of Iron, prepared by the exhibitor. Vermifugous Biscuits. Exhibitor's formula. This product has for basis the hydralcholic extract of the male fern. It contains no santomine, nor does it cuntaiu calomel or any other mineral substances. Exhibitor's formula. An imitation of Eau de Cologne. Exhibitor's formula. The essential oils are extracted from aromatic plants gathered in the neighborhood of Coimbra. Oppodeldoc and Arnica. Exhibitor's formula. Hygienic Injections. Awards. — Gold Medal al the District of Coimbra, 1869. 352. — Figueiredo, Joaquim de, AVIZ. Syrup. Lactucarium. Ergotine. 62 353. — Franco, Pedro Augusto, Belem, LISBON. James' Pectoral Syrup. Annual production, . . - 20,000 $ 000 reis James' Syrup was patented by decree of June 22, 1869. 354. — Galiano, Manuel Aspres d'Oliveira, OPORTO. Anti-Serofalous Syrup. Watery Solutive Syrup. Alcoholic Solutive Syrup. Pomade. 355. — Jesus, Manuel Vicente, LISBON. Pills of Unalterable loduret of Iron. Annual production, - 5,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil. Awards. — Medals at Oporto, 1865, and Vienna, 1873. 356. — Lima, Guilliernie A. B., LISBON. Eicon's Injection. Dentrific Elixir. Dona Maria's Tooth Powders. Dona Rosa's Tooth Powders. Medicine for Deafness and Hinging of the Ears. 357. — Nobreza, Prederico Augusto da Silva, Figueira da Poz, COIMBRA. Vermifugous Lozenges. 358. — Grajera, Dr. Antonio Maria Mendes, Reguengos, EVORA. Capsules of Apiol. Pills of the. Extract of Apiol and Iron. Pectoral Balsamic Cigars. Dolorifuguos Elixir. Anti-Herpetic Pomade. 359.^ — Rel, Jose Joaquim, LISBON. Ferruginous Syrup of Quinine. Cod Liver Oil with loduret of Iron. Flower of Youth. Anti-Asmathic Elixir. Indian Drops. Sympathic Pomade. 63 360.— RodrigTieB, Jose Perelra, LISBON. Syrup of Quinine and Iron. Syrup of the Sap of tlie Maritime Pine Tree Wine of Quinine. Cod-Liver Oil with Proto-Ioduret of Iron. Markets— Portugal and Brazil. 361— Salgueiro, Nuno Preire Dias, OPORTO. Compound Syrup of Balm of Tolu. CLASS No. 273. 362.— Pires, Joao de Jesus, LISBON. Chocolate of Gluten. 363. — Schurman, Adolpho, LISBON. Brustmehl's Pectoral Flour. Brustmehl's Ferruginous Flour. Flour, good in the Treatment of Coughs. These flours are all prepared by the exhibitor, having been approved by the Industrial Institute of Lisbon. CLASS No. 276. 364. — Andrade, Albano Abilio de, OPORTO. Ivory Bougies used as Surgical Instruments to Produce the Dilation of I the Wrethra. Awards. — Silver Medal at the Industrial Exhibition of Oporto; First-Class Medal at the International, OporlOf li&5. Honourable Mention at Paris, ISQl. HARD"WARE, EDGE TOOLS, CUTLERY, AND BIETALLIC PRO- DUCTS. Class 280. — Hand'tools and instruments used by carpenters, joiners, and for wood and stone in general. Miscellaneous hand tools used in industries, such as jewellers, engravers. Class 281. — Cutlery, knives, penknives, scissors, razors, razor-straps, skates, and implements sold by cutlers. Cla-s 282. — Emery and sand-paper, polishing-powders, polishing and burnish- ing stones. Class 283. — Metal hollow-ware, ornamental castings. Class 284. — Hardware used in construction, exclusive of tools and implements. Spikes, nails, screws, tacks, bolts, locks, latches, hinges, pulleys. Plumbers' and gasfifters' hardware, furniture fittings, ships' hardware, saddlers' hard- ware,_ and harness fittings and trimmings. 64 CLASSES Nos. 280 and 284. 365. — Cardozo, Joao Thomaz, Villa Nova de Gaia, OPORTO. (Jooper's Tools, Brands, Hatchets, for diflferent purposes. Door Locke. Samples of Nails. Established In 1840. Employs— 35 men. Wages, 400 to 1200 reis. 12 children. '^ 100 to 200 " Markets — Portugal and Brazil. Awards.— Sonourable Mention at the JBxhibilion of Oporto, 1878; Silver Medal at Oporto, 1851 ; Gold Medal at Oporto, 1865. CLASS No. 280. 366. — Oporto Industrial Institute, OPORTO. Tools for Working on Granite. 367. — Santos, Manuel Moreira dos, OPORTO. Caulking Irons. CLASS No. 282. 368. — Alves Junior, Antonio, VILLA RRAL. Pruning Knives. 369. — Cunha, Augusto Mendes da, GUIMARAES. Scissors, Pruning Knives, Table Knives. 370. — Guimaraes, Joaquim Mendes da, GUIMARAES. Scissors, for various purposes, with Silver Mountings. CLASS No. 284. 371 — Antonio da Camara, PONTA DELGADA. A Secret Lock. 65 372.— Jacob Ben-Saude, PONTA DELGADA. Twelve samples of Copper Nails. Twelve samples. of Zinc Nails. Seven samples of Iron Nails. One sample of Eound Nails. One sample of Flat Nails. 373. — Goncalves, Jeronimo Perreira, OPORTO. Brass Tacks of various sizes. 374.— Giierra, Antonio Jose de Souza, OPORTO. Brass Stop-Cocks for various uses. Hinges, Water Plugs, Bells. Annual production, 3 OOO S 000 reis Market — Portugal. 375. — Lemos & Antunes, Figueira da Foz, COIMBRA. Pulleys and Blocks. 376.— M. J. Perreira da Silva & Filho, BRAGA. Iron Nails of different qualities. 377. — Pacheco, Pranolsco Gomes, BRAGA. Iron Nails of different sizes and for different purposes. Established in 1850. Employs 30 men and 10 children. Baw material from England and Sweden. 378. — Peixoto, Jose Rodrigo PBNAFIEL. Brass Tacks of various sizes. Established in 1846. Employs — 4 men. Wages, 300 to 500 reis. 1 woman. '^ 160 to 200 ," 3 children. " 80 to 120 " Raw materials imported to tha annual value of 800 9 000 reis. Annual production, - _ _ - 5,0008000 reis Markets-Portugal. 66 379. — Santos, Rocha & Moreira, OPORTO. Lead Pipes. Employs S men, waf-ea from 400to 600 reis, and a steam-engine of 4 horse-power. Annual production, - - 12,0008 000 reis Market — Portugal. Awards.— Medal$ at the International Sxhibifions of Oporto, 1865, and Vienna, 1873. 380. — Santos, Joaquim Antunes dos, LISBON. Iron and Wire Nails. 381.— Schalck, H., LISBON. Samples of Nails. FABRICS OP VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL MATERIALS. Class 285. — India rubber goods and manufactures. Class 286. — Brushes. Class 287. — Kopes, cordage. Class 288. — l^lags, insignia, emblems. Class 289. — AVooden and basket ware, papier mach^. Class 290.^Undertakers' furnishing goods, casket*, coffins, etc. Class 291. — Galvanized ironwork. CLASS No. 286. 382. — OUveira, Manuel de, OPORTO. Painters' Brushes. 383. — The Portuguese Government. Manufacturers — The Prisoners of the Central Jail, LISBON. Scouring Brushes. CLASS No. 287. 384. — Cruz, Joao Maria da, SETTJBAL. Tow-Cord. Flax-Thread. Feather Grass Cord. 67 385. — ^Barboza, Jose Antonio, OPORTO. Samples of Hopes, Lines, Thread, Twine, &c. Raw materials are from Russia, India, &o., to the value of 8,000 $ 000 reis. Annual production, ... . 10,6003000 reis Markets— Portugal and Brazil. 386.— National Rope Yard, Junqueira, LISBON. Ropes, Cords, Lines, Twine, &c., for shipping purposes. Established in 1788. Employs a movabls steam-engine of 6 horse-power; manual and mechanical spinners, / and other apparatuses, and 80 men. Wages, 300 to 400 reis. i 80 women. ''^ 121) to 2G0 " 20 children. " «0 to 200 " Raw material used is Russian linen, to the annual value of 35,000 8 000 reis. Annual production in cords, 27.000S 000 reis. See Class No. 233. Market — The products are exclusively destined for the usa of the Ministry of Marine and the Colonies. Awards. — Silver Medal at Oporto, 1861, and a Copper one at Paris, 1867. 387.— Olivelra, Balthasar Pinto, OPORTO. Samples of Eopes. CLASS No. 289. 388.— Augusta, Maiia da Piedade, COIlvrBRA. Tooth-Picks. 389.— Avellar & Miranda, : LISBON. Tooth-Picks. 390.— Joaquim Maria, BARCBLLOS. Tooth-Picks. 391. — Jose Gaudencio, COIIVIBRA. Tooth-Picks. 302. — Maria Jose, COIMBRA Tooth-PJcks. 68 393. — Jeronimo Martins & Filho, LISBON. Tooth-Picks. 394. — Silva, Joaquim da, COIMBRA Tooth-Picks. 395. — Baptista, Joao Guerreiro, ALMODOVAR Wooden Spoons made by Shepherds. 396. — The Portuguese Government, Several Manufacturers^ LISBON. Willow and Wicker Basket Work. Wooden Spoons. 397. — Ferreira, D. Joanna E., FAYAL. One Dozen of Napkin-Eings. 398. — Araujo, Jose Antonio, BARCBLLOS. Willow Baskets. 399.— Dabney, S. 'W., FAYAL. One Set of Nest Baskets. 400. — Mattos, Antonio de, BARCBLLOS. Basket Work. ' 401. — Tavares, Jose, OPORTO. Hand and Clothes Baskets. Panniers. 69 402. — Tavares, Laiireanci^ PONTA DELGADA. Collection of Willow Baskets. Pincushion of Aloe, Fibre and Silk. CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND ACCESSORIES. (For farm vehicles and railway carriages, see Department of Agriculture and Machinery.) (Carriages exhibited in separate Annexe.) Class 292. — Pleasure carriages. Class 293. — Travelling carriages, coaches, stages, omnibuses, hearses, Bath chairs; velocipedes, baby carriages. Class 294. — Vehicles for movement of goods and heavy objects, carts, waggons, trucks. Class 295. — Sleighs, sledges, sleds, etc. Class 296. — Carriage and horse furniture, harness and saddlery, whips, spurs, horse blankets, carriage robes, rugs, etc. CLASS No. 296. 403. — BeiroUas, Antonio Manuel, GOLLEGA. Horse Shoes. 404. — Carvalho, Manuel, GTJIMARAES. Horse Bits, Stirrups, and Spurs. 405. — Cunha, Augusto Mendes da, GTJIMARAES. Horse Bits. Spurs. 406. — Cruz, Luiz Ferreira de Souza, OPORTO. Axles for Carriages. 407. — Guimaraes, Joao Carvalho, GUIMARABS. Horse Bits and Spurs. 70 408.— Silva, Joao Baptista da, BRAGA. Horse Bits. 409.— SUva, Joao d'Oliveira e, BRAGA. Portuguese Saddle and several kinds of Harnesses. 410. — Souza, Luiz Augusto, EVORA. Harness Bells. Signal Bells. DEPARTMENT III. IE ^) "cr c ^^ m o liT AND SCIENCE. DEFARTMEEirT III.— EDUCATIOIT AND SCIENCE. Location : — Main Building. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND LIBRARIES. Class 300. — Elementary instruction, Infant schools and kindergartens, arrange- ments, furniture appliances, and modes of training. Public schools, graded schools, buildings and grounds, equipments, courses of study, methods of instruction, text books, apparatus, including maps, charts, globes, etc. ; pupils' work, including drawing and penmanship ; pro- , visions for physical training. Class 301. — Higher education. Academies and high schools. Colleges and universities- Buildings and grounds ; libraries, museums of zoology, botany, mineralogy; art, and archeology; apparatus for illustration and research, mathematical, physical, chemical, and astronomical courses of study ; text books, catalogues, libraries, and gymnasiums. Class 302. — Professional schools, theology, law, medicine and surgery, dentistry, pharmacy, mining, engineering, agriculture and mechanical arts, art and design, military schools, naval schools, normal schools, commercial schools, music. Buildings, text books, libraries, apparatus, methods, and other accessories for professional schools. Class 303.— Institutions for instruction of the blind, deaf, and dumb, and the feeble-minded. Class 304. — Education reports and statistics. National bureau of education. State, city, and town systems. College, university, and professional systems. Cl ■ ss 305. — Libraries, history, reports, statistics, and catalogues. Class 306. — School and text books, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, gazetteers, direc- tories, index volumes, bibliographies, catalogues, almanacs, special treatises, general and miscellaneous literature, newspapers, technical and special , newspapers and journals, illustrated papers, periodical literature. CLASSES Nos. 300 and 306. 1 — Aranha, Pedro Wenceslau de Brito, LISBON. Several works on Elementary Instruction and General Literature and Art. CLASS No. 300. 2. — Godolpbim, Costa, LISBON. A Book on Associations. 74 CLASS No. 302. 3.— Lisbon Industrial Institute, LISBON. Descriptive work of the Institute, its organization, regulations, &c. See Class 320. CLASS No. 305. 4. — Queiroz, G. Jose de, LISBON. General Statistics- of the Commerce of Portugal, graphically arranged. S.^Department of Finance, LISBON. Commercial Statistics of Portugal. CLA^ No. 306. -Ernesto Chardron, OPORTO. Dictionary of the Portuguese Language, by Frei. Domingos Vieira. 5 Volumes. Ernesto CliiiTdron is proprietor of the International Book Store, one of the bests in Oporto, and lias been established in said City only a few years. He is also an editor of many works. 7. — Ferraz, Jose Libertador de Magalhaes, COIMBRA. Work on Pharmacy. 8. — Magalhaes & Moniz, OPORTO. ■ Elementary, Literary and Scientific Works. 9. — Mengo, Pranclsoo da Silva, OPORTO Exhibits 142 Volume-s of different Portuguese Works. He is the present proprietor of the book-atoro — Mor6. This book -store was established in the city of Oporto in 1835. It is a very good establishment and very well tbovight of throughout the country. Durng many years, and when it belonged to widow Mor6, it was superintended and adminlBter&d by Jos^ Goraes Monteijo, one of th* ' most erudite man of the city of Oporto. 75 .10.— Moraea Sarmento, Anselmo Evaristo de, OPORTO. The newspaper "A Actualidade," of which he is Proprietor and Foun- der, and 24 brindes, (gift vohimes). This journal was established in 1S7'1 ^'{m ^^Z'^r^ ^tf" distrihutea monthly with the title of " Brmde," a volume of about i»u pages 01 authors of acknowledged merit. 11.— Oporto Industrial Institute, OPORTO. Thirty-four volumes of various works, original and translated. The volumes exhibited belong to the Oporto Industrial Institute. Library and are edited by Cruz Coutinho, of the same City. 12. — Portuguese Civil Engineers' Association, LISBON. "Eeview of the Public Works and Mines." , Technical Journal on Civil and Mining Engineering, written by the Members of the Association. 13.— Prostes, J. C, LISBON. Albums of Portuguese Newspapers forming 2 volumes. 14. — Royal Association of the Portuguese Architects and Archeologists, LISBON. First series of the Association's Journal ; 10 numbers in folio and 11 large illustrations. Second series, 8 numbers in quarto with 13 illustrations. Awards. — Grand 3fedal at the Paris Exhibition, 1867. See Class 402. 15. — Silva, Joaquim PossidonioNarciso da, LISBON. Memoir on Archeology, with the signs that are seen engraved on the ancient monuments of Portugal. 1 volume, 46 pages, and 558 figures. Notes on the Antropologic and Pre-historic Congress of Balogna. 1 volume. Artistic dissertation on Portuguese Architecture. 1 volume. Historic and Artistic account of the Keligious Buildings of Portugal. 1 volume. Historic Eulogy of the Civil Architect — Mr. Victor Baltard. Historic Eulogy of the Architect — J. C. Sequeira. New Parlours of the Eoyal Palace d' Ajuda. Statutes of the Architect's Association. Beports of the same Association. 4wi>r4s,— Silver Meial at Oporto, 1861 ; Diploma of Merit at Vienna, 1873. 76 INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS. Class 310. — Institutions founded for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. Such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Eoyal Institution, the Institute of France, British Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Ameri- cap Association, etc., their orp;anization, history, and results. Class 311. — Learned and scientific associations. Geological and mineralogical societies, etc. Engineering, technical and professional associations. Artistic, bioJogical, zoological, medical schools, astronomical observatories. Class 312. — Museums, collections, art galleries, eyhibitions of works of art and industry. Agricultural fairs. State and county exhibitions, national exhibi- tions. International exhibitions. Scientific museums, and art museums. Ethnological and archeological collections. Class 313. — Music and the drama. ' CLASS No. 310. 16. — Oporto Industrial lustitute, OPORTO. History, Organization, and Course of Studies. CLASSES Nos. 311 and 335. . 17. — Observatory of the Infante D. Luiz, LISBON. Annals of the Observatory, Maps of the Gulf of Guinea, Meteorological and Magnetic Maps, Photographs of the Sun. Photographs of the Stains of the Sun. Photographs of the Eclipse of the 29th of September, 1875. Photographs of Instruments. Photolytographs of the Meteorological Charts. Deviation of the Magnetic Needle on Board. SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS. Class 320.— Instruments of precision, and apparatus of research, experiment, and illustration. Astronomical instruments, and accessories, used in observatories. Transits, mural circles, equatorials, collimators. Geodetic and surveying instruments. Transit, theodolites, needle com- passes. Instruments for surveying nrtderground in mines, tunnels and exca- vations. Nautical astronomical instruments. Sextants, (juadrants, repeating circles dip-sectors. Levelling instruments iind apparatus. Carpenters' and builders' levels, hand levels, water levels, engineers' levels. 77 Class 320— Coni. Instruments for deep sea sounding and hydrographic surveying. Meteorological instruments and apparatus. Thermometers, pyrometers. Barometers. Hygrometers and rain gauges. • Maps, bulletins. Blanks for reports, methods of recording, reducing, and reporting obser- vations. Class 321. — Indicating and registering apparatus, other than meteorological ; mechanical calculation. Viameters, pedometers, perambulators. ' Gras meters. Water meters, current meters, ships' logs, electrical logs. Tide registers. Apparatus for printing consecutive numbers. Counting machines, calculating engines, arithmorneters. Class 322. — Weights, measures, weighing and metrological apparatus. Measures of length ; graduated scales on wood, metal, ivory, tape, or rib- bon; steel tapes, chains,-rods, verniers, rods and graduated scales for measur- ing lumber, goods in packages, casks, etc., gaugers' tools and methods. Measures of capacity for solids and liquids. Weights. Scales and graduated beams for weighing ; assay balances, chemical balances. Ordinary scales for heavy weights ; weighing locomo- tives and trains of cars. Postal balances. Hydrometers, alcoometers, lacto- meters, etc. ; gravimeters. Class 323. — Chronometric apparatus. Chronometers. Astronomical clocks. Church and metropolitan clocks. Ordinary commercial clocks. Pendulum and spring, clocks. Marine clocks. Watches. Clepsydras, hour glasses, sun dials. Chronographs, electrical ' clocks. Metronomes. , Class 324. — Optical and thermotic instruments, and apparatus. Mirrors, plane and spherical. Lenses and prisms. Spectacles and eye glasses, field and opera glasses, graphoscopes and stereoscopes. Cameras and photographic apparatus. Microscopes. Telescopes. Apparatus for artificial illumination, including electric, oxyhydrogen and magnesium light. Stereopticons. Photometric apparatus. Spectroscopes and accessories for spectrum analysis. Polariscopes, etc. Thermotic apparatus. Class 325.— Electrical apparatus. Friction machines. Condensers and miscellaneous appal-atus to illustrate the discharge. Galvanic batteries and accessories to illustrate dynamical electricity. Electro-magnetic apparatus. _ ^ Induction machines, Rumkorfi" coils, etc. Magnets and magneto-electrical apparatus. Class 326. — Telegraphic instruments and methods. Batteries and forms of apparatus used in generating the electrical currents for telegraphic purposes. . , , , , Conductors and insulatoss, and methods of support marine telegraph cables. Apparatus of transmission ; keys, office accessories, and apparatus. Keceiving instruments, relay magnets, local circuits. 78 Class 326—Coni. Semaphoric and recording instruments. Codes, signs, or signals. Printing telegraphs for special uses. Electrographs. Dial or cadran systems. Apparatus for automatic transmission. Class 327. — Musical instruments and acoustic apparatus. Percussion instruments, drums, tamborines, cymbals, triangles. Pianos. Stringed instruments other than pianos. Automatic musical instruments, music boxes. Wind instruments of metal and of wood. Harmoniums. Church organs and similar instruments. Speaking machiij^s. Vocal music. CLASS No. 320. 18. — Lisbon Industrial Institute, LISBON. Topo-photographic Camera (A. Rocha's). Level of Precision, with two telescopes, invented by Brito Limpo. Egault's Level. Lenoir's Level. Casella's Level. Chesy's Level. Pantometer, with Telescope. Ordinary Pantometer. Alhidate. Surveyor's Table. Heliotrope. Planimeter. Benevides' Apparatus. Electric Pendulum, &c. Morse's Receiver. Alarm Clock. Conductor. Horizontal Compass. Vertical Compass. Disconnector. Benevides' Disconnector. Lightning-rod. Telegraph Paper Wheel. Photographs of the Different Departments of the Institute. This establishment was organized hy the decree of the 30th of December, 1852. Employs a steam-eneine of 3 horse-power, and 16 hands. Awards.— Copper Medal at London, 1862; Silver, at Paris, 1867, and of Progress, at Vienna, 1873. 19. — Pereira Coutinho, D. Martinho da Franca, LISBON. A Pyramidal Compass. Goniographic, Goniometric, and Telemetrio Compass. These two instrunients are iiiviaited by the exhibitor. 79 CLASS No. 321. 20. — Bastos, Antonio Pinto, ' LISBON. Bastos' Hydrometer, with description. Established in 18G6. Employs— 25 men. Wages, 600 to 900 reis. 8 children, '" 100 to 360 " A machine of 3 horse-power, and mechanical lathes, drilling and planing machines, liaw, materials from England, Belgium, Fi-ance and Portugal. Annual production, ... . 15,000 $ 000 reis Markets — Lisbon, Spain, England and South America. Awards. — Diploma o/ Merit at Vienna, 1873 ; Medal of M&rit at Madrid, 1873. 21. — Fereira, Verissimo Alvares, LISBON. Hydrometer. CLASS ISTo. 323. 22.— Oliveira, Justino G-omes de, OPORTO. Two Watches. CLASS No. 325. 23. — Motta, Jose Maria da, LISBON. Electric Bell, No. 2. Electric Bell, No. 4. Indicator, with four numbers. Electric Pile of four Batteries. Electric Pile of two Batteries. Transmitting Buttons (wooden). Transmitting Buttons, with cords. Conducting Wire. CLASS No. 327. 24 — Araujo, Joaquim G-omes, BRAGA. Four Guitars. 95— Cabral, Affonso do Valle Coelho, OPORTO. A Violin, imitation of " Garnerius." 80 26. — Sanhudo, Jose Ferreira, OPORTO. A French Guitar. A Guitar (Banza). A Small Guitar of six strings. One Small Guitar of four strings. 27. — Ribeiro, Domingos Candido d' Almeida, OPORTO. A Violin imitation of " Garnerius." 28. — Pereira, Custodio Cardozo, OPORTO. One Contrabass (American bass). One Euphonium (American baritone)'. One Euphonium f American baritone). One Baritone (American tenor). One Tenor (American alto). One Alto (American cornet). One Trombone, and B flat. One Cornet, B flat, 5 crooks. One Copper Field Bugle, C. One Brass Field Bugle, E flat. One Brass Field Trumpet. One Post Horn. One dozen guitar string D. One dozen guitar string A. One dozen guitar string E. Establishea in 1861. Employs 2 apparatuses, indispensables for the factory, and 18 men. Wages, 600 reis. Raw material — From England. Market — Portugal. Awards. — Second-class Medal at Oporto, 1865. ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, CHARTS, MAPS, AND GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS. (For Agricultural Engineering, See Class 680). (For Mining Engineering, See Class 120). Glass 330. — Civil engineering. Land surveying, public lands, etc. Eiver, harbour, and coast surveying. Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, pavements, etc. Surveys and location of towns and cities, with systems of water supply and drainage. Arched bridges of metal, stone, brick, or beton. Trussed girder bridges. Suspension bridges. Canals, aqueducts, reservoirs, construction of dams. Hydriiulic engineering and means of arresting and controlling the flow of water. Submarine constructions, foundations, piers, docks, etc. 81 Class 331. — ^Dynamic and industrial engineering. Construction and working of machines ; examples of planning and construction of manufacturing and metalurgical establishments. Class 332. — Railway engineering. Location of railways, and the construction and management of railways. Class 333. — Military engineering. Class 334. — Naval engineering. Class 335. — Topographical maps. Marine and coast charts. Geological maps and sections. _ Botanical, agronomical, and other maps, showing the extent and distribu- tion of men, animals, and terrestrial products. Physical maps. Meteorological maps and bulletins. Telegraphic routes and stations. Railway, and route maps. Terrestial and celestial globes. Relief maps and models of portions of the earth's surface. Profiles of ocean beds and routes of submarine cables. CLASS No. 330. 29. — Direction of Mondego and Figueira Bar WorKs, FIGUEIRA. Memoir on the Works of Mondego Figueira Bar, with Maps and Charts. 30. — Administrative Board of Ponta Delgada Artiiicial Harbor Works, POKTA DELGADA. 1,000 copies, in folio, in Portuguese, French, and English, giving an account of the Ponta Delgada Artificial Harbor. Drawing and Printed description of the same, framed. 1,000 Pamphlets, describing the above, in Frencfi and English. A map showing the plan, under construction, of Ponta Delgada Artificial Harbor. A Photographic view of the said Port. An Oil Painting, representing the said Port and Dock of Ponta Delgada. 31. — SUva, SUverio Augusto Pereira da, AVEIRO. Model of a Bridge in Wood and Iron, accompanied by a' description on this System. CLASS No. 331. 32.— Leorenier, Nioolau Jose, LISBON. Model of Rail, with description. CLASS No. 332. 33.— Bayao, F. A. Pinheiro, LISBON. Description of a project for a Portable Railroad, with Lithographic Designs. 82 CLASS No. 335. 34. — Oporto Industrial Institute, OPORTO. Typographical Chart of the Douro River. Topographical Map of the Wine Region of the Douro. These maps were surveyed by Baron Forrester. CLASSES Nos. 304 and 335, 35. — Pery, Gerardo A., LISBON. G-eographical, Physical, and Orographical Maps of Portugal. Greography and General Statistics of Portugal and the Colonies. CLASS No. 335. 36. — General Direction of the Geodetioal, Topographical, Hydrographical and Geological Labours. LISBON. GEOGRAPHY. Report on the Geodetical Labours in Portugal. Report on the Labours executed by the General Direction of the Geod- etical Works, from July, 1865, to December, 1S74. Instructions and Regulations for the Geodetical, Topographical, and Hy- drographical Labours. Instructions concerning the Hydrographical Labours. Collection of the Conventional Signs adopted for the Hydrographical and Topographical Labours. Tables to Facilitate Various Geodetical and Astronomical Calculations. Memoir on the Improvement of the Seaport of Lisbon. Memoir on the National Pine Forests of Leiria. Report on the Works for the Improvement of the Bar and Port of Figueira. Atlas belonging to the said Report. Notites to Navigators, from 1869 to 1874. Album of the Chorographical Maps. Album of the Geological Perspective of the Coast Line. Portfolio, with Sundry Maps and other Works. CHARTS AND MAPS. Map of thePundamental Triangles of the Kingdom and of the Leveling of Precision. Geographical Map of Portugal. Scale, 1-500,000. Sketch of Map, representing the Cultivated and Uncultivated Surfaces of Portugal. Scale, 1-500,000. Topographical Map of the City of Lisbon. Sheets of the Chorographical Map of Portugal. Scale, 1-100,000. Hydrographical Chart of the Bar of Lisbon. Hydrographical Chart of the Bar of Oporto. Chart of the Berlengas, Farillioes, and Harbor of Peniche. Chart of the Port of Lisbon with the Plan of tlie Works for its Improve- ment. 83 Chart of the Light-Houses of Portugal. Chart with a Plan for the Improvements of Figueira Bar 1 opographical Chart of tlie National Pine Forest of Leiria. i opographical and Hydrographioal Conventional Signs. GEOLOGY— BOOKS. Description of the Quaternary Formation of the Hydrographicai Basins of the Tagus and Sado. Memoir on the Supply of Lisbon with Spring and River Water. Memoir on the Cesareda Caves. Description of some chipped Silex and Quartzites, from the terciary and Quaternary Formations of the Ba.sins of the Tagus and Sado. Memoir on the Sixth Session of the Congress of Anthropology and of Pre-historio Archeology of Brussels. Memoir on the General Foresting of the Country. Memoir concerning the existence of the Silurian Formation in the Baixo-AIemtejo. CHAETS AND MAPS. General Geological Map of Portugal. Sheets representing geologically a perspective of 108 kilometres of the Portuguese Coast Line. PHOTOGRAPHY— BOOKS. Information Concerning the First Exhibition of the Photographical sec- tion. PROOFS. Crayon Drawing on Lithographic Stone. Typographical fac-simile, (Chemical Drawing). Typographical Photo-Engraving, (Reduction). Typographical chemical engraving. Fac-simile of an engraving on stone, Photolithograph. Fac-simile of a Diploma. Reduction of an Engraving of the Illustrated News. New Photolithographic Printing Process, (Reduction of Original.) PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY. Fac-similes, reduced, of several Engravings (artistic design). Reduction of a Hydrographicai Design, done by pen. Fac-simile, reduced, of a Hydrographicai Design. Fac-simile, reduced, of a page of an Ancient Book. Fac-simile, reduced, in different scales of Deigns and Typographical Im- pressions. Fac-simile of a page of an Ancient Book. , Fac-simile, reduced, of a Diploma. Fac-simile, reduced, of a Hydrographicai Design. PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY. Reduction of several Printed Pages. Fragments of a manuscript letter of Father Sechi. Typographic Helio- graphy. Geographical Design by Pen, Fragments of a Map of Portugal. Remarkable Small Reduction of a Printed Page. Fac-simile of artistic Design Engraved for Typography. Missing Page Missing Page GLASS No. 344. 37. — General Administration of the Mint and Stamped Paper, LISBON. Postage Stamps, Stamped Papers. Collection of Current Coins. CLASS No. 347. 38. — Society for the Promotion of the Fabril Industry, LISBON. ' A frame, containing diplomas, statutes, and works of instruction. Special Treatises on several branches of Industry. Eeports and Copies of the Statutes of the Association, translated into French. Tliis association was instituted by a royal decree oa tlie 20tli of March, 1860, which approved its statutes. It purposes to promote, by the means within its reach, the development of National Industry. With this purpose it created schools of primary instruction, promoted national exhibitions, and co-operated for the success of the Portuguese Industrial exhibits in the Univeirsal Expositions. It "keeps an excellent industrial library, subsidizes the workmen and iinds employment for them when they need it. DEPARTMENT IV. FINE ARTS. DEPARTlMElffT IV.— FINIS ARTS. SCULPTURE. Class 400. — Figures and groups in stone, metal, clay, or plaster. Class 401. — Bas-reliefs, in stone, or metal ; electrotype copies. Class 402. — Medals, pressed and engraved ; electrotypes of medals. Class 403. — Hammer and wrought work — repousse and rehausse work, embossed and engraved relief work. Class 404. — Cameos, intaglios, engraved stones, dies, seals, etc. Class 405. — Carvings in wood, ivory, and metal. CLASS No. 400. 1. — ^Abreii, Severiano Jose de, LISBON. A Eoyal Crown, made of Stone, with diadems, adorned with Symbolical Flowers. Established in 1854. Employs— 8 men. Wages, 500 to 1,000 reis. 3 children. " 80 to 300 " ' » ., . Annual production, - -, . 6,000 S 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil. 2. — Almeida, Jose Joaquim de Azevedo, LISBON. An Image of Jesus Christ in Stone. Established jn 1860. Employs 34 men, Wages, 600 to 1600 reis. 3 children. '^ 160 to 300 " ^ = „„„.„„„ • Raw materials used are from Portugal and Italy, at the annual value of 5,000 5000 reis. Annual production, - - - - " 14,000 S 000 reis Markets— Portugal, Brazil, and Africa. 3. — Campolini, Miguel, OPORTO. Clay Figures, representing National Costumes. Awards.— Medal at Oporto, 1865, and at Paris, 1867. 4— Costa, Antonio Almeida da & Co., OPORTO. * Eighteen Porcelain and Clay Figures. Established in 1869. Employs— 80 men. Wages, 360 to 1,000 reis. fcmpioj: ,5^g^g^ ,P jeoto 300 " 26 children. " 120 to 300 " Raw material-Domestic, to the value of 4,000 S 000 reis. Annual production, - - - " "'''" Markets— Portugal, Spain, and Brazil. 90 5. — Rota, Antonio Moreira, LISBON. A Sculptured Trophy in Marble. See Class 102. 6. — Rio Junior, Joao do, OPORTO. Clay Figures Kepresenting Juno and Jupiter, Established in 1802. Employs — 43 men. Wages, 3S0 to 800 reis. 10 women. '^ 140 to 200 " 20 boys. " 160 to 240 " Raw materials used to the annual value of 13,5008000 reis. Annual production, ------ 28,000 S 000 reis Awards. — Medals at the Naticnal Fnrtvgtiesa Exhibitions o 1857 and 1861, and International of 1865. 7.— SUva & Santos, OPORTO. Clay Figures, representing National Costumes. Established in 1869. Employs two men. Wages, 600 reis. Raw material — Domestic, to the annual value of 300 5- 000 reis. Annual production, - . - - 9008000 reis Markets — Portugal, Spain, France, England, and Brazil. CLASS No. 402. 8. — General Administration of the Mint and Stamped Paper, LISBON. Medals in Frames. See Class 344. 9. — Mollarinho, J. Arnaldo Nogueira, OPORTO. A Frame with Copper and Silver Medals. lO.^Royal Association of the Portuguese Architects and Archeologists, LISBON. Proof of the Die ordered to be engraved for the Medals to be confered on the members who may render important services in the studies of Architecture and Archeology. CLASS No. 404. 11. — Mendes, Malaqulas Jose, OPORTO. Proofs, in Sealing Wax, of Monograms iind ( yphoi-s. 91 CLASSES Nos. 405 and 442. 12.— Commercial Aassooiation of Oporto, OPORTO. Twenty-one Specimens of Wood Carvings belonging to the Interior Decorations and Furniture of the Building of the Association, bpecimen of Ornamental Work in Granite. PAINTING-. Class 410. — Paintings in oil on canvas, panels, etc. Class 411. — Water colour pictures ; aquarelles, miniatures, etc. Class 412.— Frescoes, cartoons for frescoes, etc. Class 413.— Painting with vitrifiable colours Pictures on porcelain, enamel, and metal. CLASS No. 411. 13. — Sequeira Thomas, LISBON. A Water Colour in frame representing the Distribution of Soups at Lis- bon at the time of the French Invasion, by Domingos Antonio de Sequeira. ENGRAVING AND LITHOGRAPHY. Class 420. — Drawings with pen, pencil, or crayons. Class 421. — Line engravings from steel, copper, or stone. Class 422. — Wood engravings. Class 423- — Lithographs, zincographs, etc. , Class 424. — Chromo-lithographs. CLASS No. 422. 14. — Brito Aranha, Pedro Wenceslau de, LISBON. Six Frames, containing Wood Engravings, by Joao Pedroza. CLASS No. 423 to 432. 15. — General Direction of the Geodetical, Topographical, Hydrographical, and Geological Labours, LISBON. ■Several Photographic Works. See Class 335. '9.2 CLASS No. 423. 16. — Rels & Monteire, OPORTO. Proofe of Lithographic Work. Established in 1870. Employs — 15 mea. Wages, 700 to 1,500 reis. 8 children. " 160 to 240 " and a mechanical press, 4 manual presses, a GuUoohe machine, 1 paper cut- ting machine, 1 for card cutting, a hydraulic machine, &c., &c. Materials are from France, Germany, and England. Annual production, . . . 12,000 S 000 reis Markets — Portugal and Brazil. 17. — Braga, Antonio Pereira da SUva, OPORTO. A Frame with the Lithographs of the Armorial Bearings of diflerent Families in the Province of Minho. PHOTOG-RAPHY. Class 430. — Photographs on paper, metal, glass, wood, fabrics, or enamel surfaces. Class 431. — Prints from photo-relief plates, carbon-prints, etc. C'lass 432. — Photo-lithographs, etc. CLASS No. 430. 18.— Biel, E. & F. Bruett— Formerly Fritz, OPORTO. Photographs and Phototypes. Established in 1854. Employs 9 persons. Wages from 500 to 3,000 reis. Machines, those of Voigtlander and Sohn, in Braunschweig, Ross, Steinheil, BuGch, the largest objective having an aperture of 7 inches. Imports— Albuminous paper from Trapp & Munich in Troedberg. The Phototype presses being from Boivier, of Paris. Annual production, - - , 20,000 8 000 reis Markets— Portugal and Brazil. Awards — Silver Medal at Oporto 1861. CLASS No. 430. 19. — Braga, Antonio Pereira da SUva, BRAGA. Photographic Views of Buildings iu the city of Braga. 93 20.— Camacho, J. T., Island of Madeira, FUNCHAL. Collection of Photographic Views and Portraits. 21. — Souza Fernandea, OPORTO. Photographs, Portraits, Costumes, and Amplifications of Microscopic Subjects. Annual production, - , - - - - 1,000 S 000 reis Awards: — Diploma of Merit at Vienna, 1873; Medal at the Photographie Ezhiiition of Brussels, 1875. 22. — Ferreira, Manuel Jose de Souza, OPORTO. Album of Photographic Views of the City of Oporto. 23. — Fonseca, Antonio Correa da, OPORTO. Photographic Portraits of various sizes. Established in 1873. Employs 7 persons. Wages, 500 to 1200 reis. Uses a Plague Machine and another for Stereoscopic Views. Materials used to the annual value of 4,000 It 000 reis. Annual production, - - - 7,000 $ 000 reis Market — Portugal. 24. — Nunes, Henrique, LISBON. A Frame, containing four Photographic Miniatures. Established in 1860. Employs four persons. Award at the Portuguese International Exhibition oj 1865. 25— Relvas, Carlos, Amateur Photographer, GOLLBGA. Photographs and Phototypes. Nos. 1— Eight Cartes Albums, instantaneous. 2 — Eight Cartes Albums, portraits. 3— Carlos Eelvas' Studio at G-ollega. ' 4 — Eoyal Palace of Pena, Cintra. 5^Boyal Chapel, Batalha. 6_General View of the Monastery of Batatha. 7 — Gaya and the Douro, Oporto. 8 — Environs of Villa Eeal. 9 — Cottage at Vizella. 10 — Eight Phototypes — Portraits. ll_Porch of the Unfinished Chapels, Batalha. 12— Porch of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Belem. 94 13 — Park of the Koyal Palace of Pena, .Cintra. 14 — Olive Tree, 7 J metres in circumference, Barroca. 15 — Carlos EelvaS' Studio, Gollega. 16 — Reproduction of an Engraving. 17 — Eeproduetion of an Engraving. ., 18 — Eeproduetion of an Engraving. 19 — Seven Cartes Albums, carbon prints. 20— "Paladin" C. Eelvas' Eacer. 21 — Positive by Transparency on Glass. Two packets, with 24 stereoscopic proofe on albuminous paper. The proofs from No. 1 to 9 were made on albuminous paper and nitrate of silver. No. 10 to 18 are phototypes obtained by means of the roller and lithographic ink. Nos. 19 and 20 were obtained by the carbon process. Awards. — Medal at the BxMbition of the French Society of Photography, 1870 ; Medal of Progress at Vienna, 1873 ; Silver Medal at the National Exhibition of Madrid, 1873 ; Rap- pel de Medaille at the Exhibitian of the French Society of Photography , 1874 ; Silver Medal at the Exhibition of the Photographic Society of Vienna, IS?.*). 26. — Rochini, Francisco, LISBON. A Frame, containing 13 Photographs. Established in 1861. Employs the Apparatus of J. H. Dallmeyer, London ; Rapid Rectilinear, and Triple Achromatic Lens. ; Awards. — Diplopia of Merit at Vienna, 1873. INDUSTRIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS, MODELS, AND DECORATIONS. Class 440. — Industrial designs. Class 441. — Architectural designs ; studies and fragments, representations and projects of restorations from ruins and from documents. Class 442. — Decoration of interiors of buildings. Class 443. — Artistic hardware and trimmings ; artistic castings, forged metal work for decoration, etc. CLASS No. 443. 27. — Cruz, Luis Ferreira de Souza, OPORTO. Two pieces of cast iron for decorative purposes. CLASS No. 442. 28. — "Aurificia" Company, OPORTO Samples of Carved Wood, Veneers, and Mouldings. 95 Established in 1865. It does Stiver Work likewise. Employs a high and low-pressure steam-engine of 50 horse-power and 100 men. Wages, 240 to 22S0 reia. 40 womiB, " 120 to 300 " 40 children. " 80 to 160 " Raw materials used are from Portugal, England, France, and Germany, to the annual value of 120,000 ft 000 reis. Annual production, - - 200,000 $000 reis Markets— Portugal, Brazil and Spain. 29.— Commercial Association of Oporto, OPORTO. •Stucco Ornaments for Interior Decoration of the House of said Assoeia- \ tion. See Class 405. DECORATION "WITH CERAMIC AND VITREOUS MATERIALS. Class 450. — Mosaic and inlaid work in stone. Class 451. — Mosaic and inlaid work in tiles, tessara;, glass, etc. Class 452. — Inlaid work in wood and metal, parquetry, inlaid floors, tables, etc. Class 453. — Stained glass. Class 454. — Miscellaneous objects of art. CLASS No. 454. 30. — Venancio, Domingos, OPORTO. Four Medalions representing different monuments, reproduced after the Galvano Plastic System.- DEPARTMENT V. MACHINERY. DEPARTJVIIiSrT V.— nXACHIiriSRlZ-. ^ Location: — Main Building. MACHINES AND TOOLS FOR WORKING METAL, WOOD, AND STONE. Class 5 10._— Planing, sawing, veneering, grooving, mortising, tongueing, cutting moulding, stamping, carving, and cask-making machines, etc., cork-cuttinir machines. ° Ceass 511. — Direct acting steam sawing machines, with gang saws. Class 512. — EoUihg mills, bloom squeezers, blowing fans. Class 513.— Furnaces and apparatus for casting metals,, with specimens of work. Class 514. — Steam, trip, and other hammers, with specimens of work, anvils forges. ' Class 515.— Planing, drilling, slotting, turning, shaping, punching, stamping, and cutting machines. Wheel cutting and dividing machines?, emery wheels, drills, taps, gauges, dies, etc. Class 51 6-- Stone-sawing and planing machines, dressing, shaping, and polish- ing, sand blasts, Tilghman's machines, glass-grinding machines, etc. Class 517.— Brick, pottery, and tile machines. Machines for making artificial stone. CLA.SS 518.— Furnaces, moulds, blowpipes, etc., for making glass and glass-ware. CLASS No. 515. 1. — Oporto Industrial Institute, Manufacturer — Jose Baptista, OPORTO. A Turner's Lathe and Appurtenances. Specimens of Work. MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS OF SPINNING, W^EAVING, FELTING, AND PAPER MAKING. Class 520. — Machines for the manufacture of silk goods. Class 521. — Machines for the manufacture of cotton goods. Class 522. — Machines for the manufacture of woollen goods. Class 52-3. — Machines for the manufacture of linen goods. Class 524. — Machines for the manufacture of rope ^nd twine, and miscellaneous fibrous materials. Class 525. — Machines for the manufacture of paper and felting. Class 526. — Machines for the manufacture of india-rubber goods. Class 527. — Machines for the manufacture of mixed fabrics. Missing Page Missing Page 102 AERIAL, PNEUMATIC, AND WATER TRANSPORTATION. Class 590. — Suspended cable railways. CiiASS 591. — Transporting cables. Class 592. — Balloons, flying machines, etc. Class 593. — Pneumatic railways, pneumatic dispatch' Class 594. — Boats and sailing vessels. Sailing vessels used in commerce. Sail- ing vessels used in war. Yachts and pleasure boats. Bowing boats of all kinds. Life-boats and salvage apparatus, with life rafts, belts, etc. Sub- marine armour, diving bells, etc. Ice boats. Class 595. — Steamships, steamboats, and all vessels propelled by steam. Class 596- — Vessels for carrying telegraph cables, and railway trains, also coal barges, water boats, and dredging machines, screw and floating docks, and for other special purposes. Class 597. — Steam capstans, windlass, deck-winches, and steering apparatus, fans. CLASS No. 594. 8. — Pilao e Luzes, Antonio d'OIiveira & Joao Gomes Leite, OVAR. Model of a Fishing Boat. . '