557 \S3I Ca|alogue of the officers and students o 3 1924 00 f 010 242" New York State College of Agriculture At Cornell University Ithaca, N. Y. Library 1151 mm^m^ismm [m Hi MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE CATALOGUE, 1 890-9 1 11 lai D. D. THORP, PRINTER, LAN3INQ, The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001010242 CATALOaUE OFFICERS AND STUDENTS STATi AGKlCEIiiL CPi L MICHIGAN, TOGETHER WITH OTHER GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE COLLEGE. THIRTY-FOURTH YEAR, 1890-©1, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE P. 0., MICH. (XEAK LANSING.) PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE. l8ql PAKinS D. THOPP, PRINTER AND BINDER, liANSING, MICH. INDEX, PAGE. Adjutant of Cadet Corps 52 Admission, age for 23-2? Admission from other Colleges 28 Ad mission on Certifloate-. 27 Admission on Diploma — 27 Admission on Teacber's Certificate.- ^8 Admission, requirements for 27 Admission to advanced standing 28 Advance payments, list of 31 Advanced degrees, condition for 31 Advanced standing, admission to... 28 Age for admission 23-27 Agricnltural Chemistry, course in... 43 Agricultural Course, described 39 Agricultural Laboratory, described. 58 Agrlcnltnral students, number of... 22 Agriculture, Board of, 7 AgrlcuUnre, course in 38 Algebra, course in 49 Alumni Association 63 Analysis, chemical coarse in 41 Anatomy, course in 55-56 Ancient History, course in 48 Arithmetic, examination in 65 Armory, described 60 Astronomical observatory 61 Astronomy, conrne in 40 Attendance, conditions of 30 Average expense of attending 33 Bachelorsof Science 11 Bates, Hon. E. N. 7 Board, deposit required for 34 Board of Agriculture, course of in- struction regulated by 34 Board of Agriculture, degrees to be conferred oy. 24 Board of Agriculture, members of... 7 Board of Visitors 7 Boarding Clubs 32 Books, cost of 33 Botanical Laboratory, described 58 Botany, course In 40 Bntterfleld, Hon. I. H 7 Cadet officers 52 Calendar 5, 6 Calculus, course in 49 Captain of Cadets... .52 Carpenter Shop, work in 53 Catalogue of Students 12 Cattle, Breeds of 61 Chamberlain, Hon. Henry 7 Chemical Laboratory described 59 Chemical Physics, course in...; 42 Chemistry, course in 41 Civil Engineering, course in 44 Classes, enrollment in 30 Clubs for boarding 32 Clnte. Pres. O., member of board of agriculture 7 Colleges, admission from others 28 College Calendar 5 Comparative Anatomy, Instruction in 56 Composition, course in 46 Conferring Degrees, power of 24 Constitutional law, coarse In 48 Constitutional provision 23 Comet Band 62 Corporals of Cadets 52 Cost of attendance 31 Course of study, law of 23 Courses of instruction in detail 36 Cryptogamic Botany, course in 40 Daily routine 63 PAGE. Date of beginning of terms 5 Davis, B. F., Treasurer 7 Declamations required 46 Degrees conferred 11 Degrees conferred, what they are 34 Degrees, power of conferring. 23 Departments of instruction, described 39 Deposit on board 34 Diploma fee 31 Diploma from high schools, admis- sion on... 27 Discipline 62 Drawing, course in 43 Drill Hall, described 60 Elective studies 30 Elementary Chemistry, course in.... 41 Elocution, course in..., 46 Engineering, course in 43 English Language, course in I.. 45 Entomology, course in 56 Entrance examination papers 65 Entrance examinations 27 Equipment, description of 58 Essays required , 46 Ethics, course in 53 Examination, specimen 65 Examinations for admission 26 Examinations in course 30 Examinations, rules for 30 Kxpenses and fees...:.....„ ....^ 8) Experimental work „ ..„ . ?8 Faculty, members of.... , 8 Faculty, who COD stitute — ,. . £4 Farm buildings 6) Farm, description of 60 Farmers' Institutes 47 Fees and expenses... 31 Finance, course in .. . 48 Fitch, Hon. F. S., Supt. of Pub. In- struction 7 Forestry, course in 41 Foundation of College 24 Free-hand Drawing, course in 43 French, course in 47 Freshman mechanical course 37 Freshman studies in detail, agricu'l 36 Freshmen, list of.... 18 Fruit garden 61 Furnishing room, estimate of cost. . 33 Garfield, Hon. Charles W 7 Geology, course in 47 Geometrical Drawing, course in 43 Geometry, course in 49 German, course in 47 Giddings, Hon. >J.W 7 Glidden, Hon. A. C 7 Government by students 62 Graded schools, admission from 27 Graduate students, conditions for... 29 Graduating fee 31 Grammar, course in 45 Grammar, examination in 68 Gymnasium described 60 High Schools, admission from 27 Historian of Alumni Association 63 History, course in 48 History of College 24 Horticultural Laboratory described. 59 Horticulture, course in 48 Hours required for labor 24 Incidental expensefee 31 Insects, study of.; 66 Instruction, course in detail 36 Institutes, farmers 47 Index. PAGE. Iron Shop, course in 54 Jenks, Hon. B. W ----- „I Junior agricultural studies in detail. 36 Junior Class, list of If Junior mechanical course 38 Labor, number of hours required — 84 Labor of students, paid 33 Labor of students, remarks upon — 35 Laboratories described 58 Laboratory expenses dl Lady students, number of .m Landscape Gardening, course in 49 Languages, course in 15-47 Lawof College ^J Law of student labor m Law organizing College 33 Law, requiring military instruction- 34 Leave of absence, how obtained 62 Leveling, course in 44 Library, described 58 Lieutenants of Cadets 58 List of officers 8 List of students 12 Literature, course in 45 Logic, course in 53 McMillan collection 57 Major of Cadets 53 Manual labor, law for 23 Macuallabor, pay for- - 33 Manual labor, reason for 25 Manual labor, remarks on 25 Master's degree, condition for 34 Mastersof Science U Mathematics, course in 49 Matriculation, cost of 31 Mechanical course in detail 87 Mechau icai Dra win g, course in 43 Mechanical Engineering, course in . - 44 Mechanical Laboratory described. -. 59 Mechanical students, number of 23 Mechanics, courses in 50 Members of Board of Agriculture- - 7 Members of College Faculty 8 Mental Philosophy, course in 53 Metorology, course in 50 Military Science, course in 49 Military uniforms 34 Money necessary to start in with 34 Museums described 58 Natural History Society 63 Non-commissioned officers of Cadets 52 Observatory 61 Officers of Alumni Association 63 Officers of Cadet corps 52 Officers of College 8 Orations, requirement of 46 Orator of Alumni Association 63 Organic Chemistry, course in 41 Organic law of College — 23 Original essays required 46 Payments required in advance 34 Phelps, Hon. Edwin 7 Physical culture required 23 Phy sical Laboratory described 60 Physics, course in 50 Physiological Botany, course in 41 Physiology, course in 56 Poet of Alumni Association 63 Political Science, course in 48 Past Graduate Students, list of 11 Practical Agriculture, course in de- scribed 39 Practice in shops — 53 Program of daily exercises 63 Projection Drawing, courses in 43 Psychology, course m 53 PAGE. Publications by students 62 Public Instruction, Superintendent of 7 Qualitative Analysis, course in Quantitative Analysis, course in Quartermaster of Cadet corps Keqnirements for admission Rhetorical exercises, course in Rhetoric, course in Room furnishing, estimate of cost... Room rent Roster of military officers Routine, dally Scholarship and attendance. l*olence. Bachelors of ■Science of Mind, course in Select courses Self government. Senior agricultural course Seuior class, members of Senior mechanical course Sergeants of Cadets Sheep, breedsof ._ Shop practice, course in Shops described Societies Sophomore agricultural studies in detail Sophomore class, list of Sophomore mechanical course Special examinations Special studentF, list of Speculum State Board of Agriculture .— State Board of Visitors Statutory provisions Steam engine, course upon Strength of material, course in Structural Botany, course in._ Student government Student labor, lawof Student labor, remarks on. Students, list of Students, summary of Studies required by law......' Summary of students Summer school Superintendent of Public Instruction Surveying, coursH in Swine, breedsof Systematic Botany, course in Table of expenses Tactics, course in Terms and vacations .'..'.'.. Test questions in Arithmetic! Test Questions in Grammar Text-books, cost of Thermo-dynamics, course In Tools, practice with Trigonometry, course in . Uniforms, military U. 8. History, course in. ..I vacations Veterinary Science, course in Veterinary Laboratory described. Visitors, Board of _ Volumetric Analysis, course'inll."-! Wells, Hon. Franklin Winans, Gov. Edwin B. . "" Woodwork, course in Work in wood shop w ork-shops described . . .". Young Men's Christian Association" Zoological Laboratory described Zoology, course in 42 43 .•>2 27 46 45 33 31 51 63 30 11 53 28 62 37 13 38 53 61 53 59 62 36 15 38 30 21 63 7 7 23 44 44 40 12 22 29 7 44 61 41 33 50 30 65 66 33 44 S3 50 34 48 30 .55 60 7 42 7 7 53 53 59 63 COLLEGE CALENDAR FOR 1891-92. 1891. Monday, February 33, Spring term begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday. Friday, April 3, Examinations on the half-term studies. Friday, May 15, Spring term ends at noon. Monday, May 25, Summer term begins at 8 p. m., the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Friday, July 3, Examinations on half-tei-m studies. Sunday, August 9, Baccalaureate sermon. Tuesday, August 11, Summer term ends at noon for all but the graduat- ing cliiSS. Wednesday, August 13, Commencement. Monday, August 34, College year begins at 8 p. m., the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Friday, October 8, Examinations on half-term studies. Friday, November 1 3, Autumn term ends. 1893. Monday, February 33, Spring term begins at 8 p. m., the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Friday, April 1, Examinations on half-term studies. Friday, May 13, Spring term ends at noon. Monday, May 33, Summer term begins at 8 p. m., the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Friday, July 1 , Examinations on half-term studies. Friday, August 13, Summer term ends at noon for all but the graduat- ing class. Sunday, August 14, Baccalaureate sermon. Tuesday, August 16, Commencement. Monday, August 33, College year begins at 8 p. m., the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Friday, September 30, Examinations on half-term studies. Friday, November U, Autumn term ends. 1893. Monday, February 30, Spring term begins at 8 p. m. , the first week con- tinuing through Saturday. Calendar, 1801. ^■ 5 ^' t 1 2 ® fi c s ^ i 1 1 -• yi "c li H - ^ - ^ 1 1 3 S 5 - fe: s 1 » H V ..' 1 21 3 ?ie Jas. Mat Sept. 4J 5 + a « 7 8 9 10 a 4 5 6 7 ^ 9 6 7 8 9ll0illil2 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 1(1 11 12 13 14' 15 16 13;14'15 16 171«,19 18 19 20 21 22 23 a4 17 18 lli 20,31;22l23 2C 2r22, 2:^124135126 25 26 27 28 a9 ■Hi 31 24 31 as 26 27 28 a9 30 27 28,29j30;.. -- -- -- -- -- -- June "i "2 3 'i 'h '6 Oct. "■ 1 2 "3 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 « 7 7 8 9 1(1 11 la 13 4 5 61 7 8 « 10 H « in n la 13 14 14 15 16 17 IC 19 2(1 11112 13:14 IS 16 17 1.5 16 17 18 19 21) ai ai 22 an 24 25 a6 27 1HI19 ao;2i 22 23 24 ta 23 24 as 26 27 a8 JULT 28 ... 29 30 i "2 "3 4 . 25 26 a7ia8 2» 3U 31 SlARCH 1 2 3 4 o 6 7 5 6 7 8 9 1(1 n Nov. 11 2 31 4 5 fi 7 8 9 Ml 11 12 13 14 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8| 9 in 11 12 13 14 l.'i 16 17 18 19 ao ai 19 20 21 22 2:^24 25 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 aa 23 24 as a« ar a8 26 27 28 2930 31 22 & a4 as 26 27 28 29 311 31 Aug. V 29 ■M April 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 •Sl fi| 7 8 Dec. 1 a 3 4 5 .5 H 7 8 9 1(1 11 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 K 7 8 9 1(1 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 16 17 18 19 aolai 22 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 •£i 24 25 a:i 24 as 26 27l28 39 20 21 22 23l24 25 26 26 27 28 29 80 30 31 -- ..[.. 1 27 38 29 30,31 o ALEN DAR, 1892. ffl i 1 1 i i 1 1 2 ffi s CO 1 4 i 5 1 6 e 7 1-1 1 s 1 ^ 1 1 1 2 3 Jan. Mat 2 3 Sept. 8 4 5 6 7 8 a 8 9 III 11 12 13 14 4 5 fi 7 S 9 in 10 a 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IV 18 19 20 21 22 2(J 22 23 a4 25 26 27 28 18 19 m 21 22 ■^ ?4 24 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 -- -- 25 26 27 28 39 30 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 June "" *" "i "a A 1 Oct. -- -- "i 7 8 9 lU 11 12 n. 5 6 7 « 9 10 11 2 3 4 5: 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 ac 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS q 10 11 12 1 13 I'l IS 21 22 23 24 2b 26 27 19 20 21 22 Zi 24 as l« 17 IS ln 9] <'? 28 •* -- - JULT 26 mi 28 29 30 "i '2 23 30 24 31 2S 26 27 28 29 March 1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 U 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 Nov. 1 9 s 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 17 18 19 20 ai 22 23 6 7 fl 9 in ■\-\ JQ 20 21 22 'Hi 24 25 26 24 25 26 27 a8 29 30 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2'/ 28 29 30 31 -- -- 31 -- 20 «7 21 22 23 sn 24 25 26 April i 2 Aug. 1 a 3 4 5 6 Dec. 3 10 17 24 31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 111 11 12 13 i .•«- ^^B| hMMpS^^^^ *^'^^'" **"*" jMBcP? B|P'=^ r?^^^^ "^ If psifc, *■, ^^j '"*■'" "'^■* ^hHl^^- Ip& ^B«» '--W^^ ^^^■^^^ IBKCft ^Sjfcii ^^^BM^^ '*^-^ ^^" -^ '^"'^f '^^ / MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. ORGANIC LA.W. The Constitution of Michigan requires that "The Legislature shall ^ * provide for the establishment of an agricultural school * * * for instruction in agriculture and the natural sciences connected there- with.' [Revised Constitution, 1850, Art. SHI, § 11.] The Laws of Michigan — HoweU's Annotated Statutes — provide as fol- lows : § 4988. This institution shall combine physical with intellectual educa- tion, and shall be a high seminary of learning in which the graduate of the common schools can commence, pursue, and finish a course of study terminating in thorough theoretic and practical instruction in those sciences and arts which bear directly upon agiioulture and kindred industrial pursuits. §4989. No student shall be admitted to the institution who is not fifteen years of age, and who does not pass a satisfactory examination in Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, Reading, Spelling and Penmanship. § 4990. The course of instruction shall embrace the English Language and Literature, Mathematics, Civil Engineering, Agricultural Chemistry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, the Veterinary Art, En- tomology, Geology, and such other natural sciences as may be prescribed; Technology, Political, Rural, and Household Economy, Horticulture, Moral Philosophy, History, Book Keeping, and especially the application of science and the mechanic arts to practical agriculture. * * * §4991. A full course of study in the institution shall embrace not less than four years. § 4993. The academic year shall consist of not less than nine calendar months. § 4993. Three hours of each day shall be devoted by every student of the college to labor on the farm, and no person shall be exempt except from physical disability. 24 Michigan State Agkicultueal CoLLiioE. By a vote of the Board of Agriculture the hours of labor may be in- creased to four or diminished to two and one-half. §4998. The board shall have power to regulate the coui-se of instruc- tion, and prescribe, with the advice of the faculty, the books to be used, and to confer for similar or equal attainments similar degrees or testi- monials to those conferred by the University of Michigan. §4999. The president, professors, farm manager, and tutors shall constitute the faculty of the State Agricultural College. The president of the CoUege shall be the president of the faculty, the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture shall be a member and secre- tary of the faculty. Articles 5009 and 5010 donate to the College and provide for the dispo- sition of certain swamp lands in the townships of Lansing, Meridian, De Witt, and Bath. §5013. Military Tactics and Military Engineering shall be added to the course of instruction. §5375. The interest on the United States Land Grant Fund shall be regularly applied, under the direction of the State Board of Agricult- ure, to the support and maintenance of the State Agricultural College, where the leading object shall be^without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including Military Tactics— to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and mechanic arts. FOUNDATION AND HISTOEY. In obedience to the constitutional provision above quoted, an act for the establishment of a State Agricultural School was adopted by the Legislature of Michigan in 1855, and approved Februaiy 12 of that year, and the organization of the institution given into the charge of the State Board of Education. * A farm, then in the woods, of- 676 acres, lying three and one-half miles east of the city of Lansing, was purchased and buildings erected, and on the 13th day of May, 1857, the CoUege was formally opened for the reception of students. It is thus the oldest college of its kind in the country. In 1861 an act of reorganization created the State Board of Agriculture and placed the College under its control. This act, with but few subse- quent modifications, constitutes the present organic law of the College. g < I W i'. w o 05 General Features. 25 The institution began with sixty-one students and five professors, these numbers being changed the next year to ninety-eight students and four professors. The first graduates, seven in number, left the College in 1861. Since that time 513 more have graduated, including thirty-two of the class of 1890, a total of 520 to date. The appropriations of the Legislature of '87 have enabled the College materially to enlarge its facilities in the direction of horticultirral science and art and in the mechanic arts. These facilities wiU be described in detail under their special titles in a subsequent part of the catalogue. SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE. In harmony with the pui-pose of its founders, the College endeavors to impart a knowledge of the natural sciences and their application to the arts of life. Those sciences especially which relate to agriculture and kindred arts, such as Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Zoology, Veteri- nary Science, and Physiology, are studied with constant reference to their practical applications in industrial life. The instruction given in the lecture-room is illustrated and enforced by the study of plants and animals, and the various studies and experiments of the farm and garden. Students are taught to distinguish clearly between those principles and settled rules of agriculture in accordance with which they may safely proceed, and those theories and practices which are either exploded and discredited or are as yet the proper objects of experiment and discussion only. MANUAL LABOR. The College affords to its students the benefits of daily manual labor. Most of the labor is paid for, and lessens the expenses of the student. It is in part educational, — varied for the illustration of the principles of science. The preservation of health and the cultivation of a taste for agricultural pursuits are two other important objects. Four years of study without labor, wholly removed from sympathy with the laboring world, during the period of life when habits and tastes are rapidly formed, will almost inevitably produce disinclination, if not inabUity, to perform the work and duties of the farm. To accomplish the objects of the institution, it is evident that the student must not, in acquiring a scientiiic education, lose either the ability or the disposition to labor on a 26 Michigan State Ageicultukal College. farm. If the farmers, then, are to be educated, they must be educated on the farm itself ; and it is due to this large class of our population that facOities for improvement, second to none other in the State, be afforded them. It is believed that the two and one-half hours' work that every student is required to perform on the farm or in the garden, besides serving to render him familiar with the use of implements and the principles of agriculture, is sufficient also to preserve habits of manual labor, and to foster a taste for agricultural pursuits. The daily labor of each one, being performed at one time, does not occupy him longer than is requi- site for preserving health and robust constitution. STUDENT LABOR. Every student in the agricultural course, not exempt on account of physical disabOity, is therefore required to labor two and a half hours each week day, except Saturday, in those seasons of the year when labor can be furnished. At other seasons an equal amount of time is required in laboratory or shop work, which, being educational, is not paid for. Students are paid at the end of each term for most of their labor at a rate depending on their ability and fidelity, the maximum being eight cents per hour. The labor is to some extent planned with reference to illustrating and applying the instruction in the lecture-room. The work during the Junior year is performed on the gardens and grounds ; the Sophomores work for the year on the farm ; the members of the other classes are assigned to the farm, gardens or some other duty. AU students in the Course in Mechanic Arts are required to labor eight to ten hours per week in the shops. As this labor is educational, it is not paid for. EXPERIMENTAL WORK. A third feature of the work of the institution is the prosecution of experiments for the' promotion of agriculture and horticulture. These arts are the creatures of experiment. Very few farmers possess facili- ties for carrying on experiments accurately and to definite results. From a lack of acquaintance with the laws of Nature, experiments generally, unless guided by scientific men, are compai-atively valueless for the determination of vexed questions of practice and the establishment of general principles. Extensive laboratories in the different departments > a S n « « o > O .^•;*'-ir Admission. 27 enable the institution to enter on a series of experiments to be prosecuted systematically and continuously from year to year. The result of these experiments is published in the monthly bulletins and in the annual report of the State Board of Agriculture. GENERAL EDUCATION. The professional part of the com-se gives a student an insight into the nature of the objects and forces with which he has to deal. Added to this are the branches of study which help to make an inteUigent and useful citizen ; which cultivate his taste, and enable him to give expres- sion to his knowledge and opinions. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. Examinations are held at the beginning of the autumn term of the academic year, but those who choose to do so may present themselves at the beghming of the spring term in February. Candidates for admis- sion into the Freshman class must bring testimonials of good character, and must be not less than fifteen years of age. The examination embraces the following subjects : Arithmetic, Geog- raphy, Grammar, Reading, Spelling, Penmanship, and History of the United States. A knowledge of elementary Algebra is desirable, and the gi-eater number of candidates have such knowledge. A thorough knowl- edge of Grammar is especially desirable, as a larger proportion of apph- cants for admission fail in this study than in any other. In the appendix will be found specimen questions submitted in Arithmetic and Grammar. A candidate who is over eighteen years of age may, at the beginning of the fall term, be conditionally admitted to the Freshman class with- out examination. ADMISSION ON CERTIFICATE OF GRADED SCHOOLS. The graduates of graded schools having a regular course of study approved by the faculty, are admitted without further examination upon the presentation of proper certificates of gi-aduation. Details as to the methods by which schools may enter upon this relation to the Col- lege wUl be furnished on application to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture. 28 Michigan State Agricultural College. admission on teachers' certificate. Any person presenting a teachers' certificate is admitted without further examination. admission to advanced standing. Those entering tlie Fresliman class of the Agricultural Course at the beginning of the spring term must, in addition to an examination in pre- paratory studies, sustain also an examination in Algebra to equations of the second degree, including the theory of radicals ; and in Grammar upon an equivalent to the first hundred pages of Meiklejohn's English Language ; and in Ancient and Mediaeval History upon an equivalent to the first four sections of Swinton's Outlines. A student deficient in a single subject (except Mathematics) may, however, be received upon condition that he be prepared for examination at some future definite time. Candidates for admission to the Course in Mechanic Arts, offering themselves at the beginning of the spring term, must comply with all the above requirements, except that instead of Ancient and Mediaeval History, they must sustain an examination in one term's work in Free Hand Drawing. Candidates for admission into any more advanced class must sustain an examination in all the previous studies of the course. admission from other colleges. students from other colleges must show a certificate of honorable dis- mission or of honorable standing. They will receive credit for studies pm-sued in any college authorized to confer degrees (so far as the two coui-ses are equivalent), upon presenting a certificate of standing from the proper officer. SELECT COURSES. Persons of suitable age and acquirements, who desire to pursue one or more of the branches of study more closely relating to agriculture, or the mechanic arts (such as Chemistry, Botany, Animal Physiology, Agri- culture, Horticulture, Natural Philosophy, Veterinary Science, Draught- ing, Shop Practice), may be received for a less time than is requisite for the full course. By reference to the schemes of I'ecitations, any person desiring select studies can ascertain whether the classes are so arranged as to permit him to pm'sue them. Kequirements for Admissiox. . 39 Candidates for admission to a select course must sustain the examina- tion required for entering the Freshman class, and give satisfactory evi- dence of sufficient knowledge and mental discipline to pursue success- fully the studies selected. Students are admitted at any time on passing the required examina- tion, provided they are able to enter the classes already organized and somewhat advanced in the studies of the term ; but «!t is greatly pre- ferred that all candidates present themselves for examination on the first day of a term, or on the day named in the calendar. ORADUATE STUDENTS. Graduates of the College can remain for advanced study in any depart- ment with no fees beyond incidental expenses. The number of the grad- uate students is increasing with each year. The more complete training they thus acquire brings to them in many cases appointments to posi- tions of influence and lienor. Graduates from other colleges, or from the State Normal School, are received for post-graduate work without the payment of matriculation fee, and, if residents of Michigan, at no cost for tuition. Eesidents of other states pay $5 per term of twelve weeks for tuition. The extensive laboratories in nearly evei-y depax-tment give unusual facilities for post-graduate work. SUMMER SCHOOL. For several yeare, teachere and others who desire a few weeks of special training have appreciated the great advantages offered by the Agi'icultural College as a summer school, and have given hearty testi- mony to the value of the training they have received here. In recent years the number of these students has largely increased. To such students in the future the College will offer every facility in its power. In Chemistry, Physics, Botany, Zoology, Entomology, Horticulture, Farming, Veterinary Science, Mathematics, English Literature, and Man- ual Training in the wood and iron shops, students will find unsurpassed facilities. All educated people, on first visiting the College, express sur- prise at the number and excellent equipment of its laboratories. All its equipment is open to the teachers of Michigan and to other competent persons for summer work, free of cost except the matriculation fee of five dollars and the small expense of material consumed by them in laboratory work. The extensive and beautiful college grounds, with wide lawns, many groves, walks, drives, and attractive buildings, make a most 30 Michigan Statk Agricultural College. desirable place for a few weeks of that valuable recreation that comes by change of work, and by absorption in a fascinating study. The laboratory work is mainly individual, hence summer students can enter for this when convenient, work as many hours per day as they choose, and leave when they are ready. To join the regular College classes, the summer students are expected to have the training that fits them for pursuing the work. About the first of July special classes will be organized in Chemistry, Botany and some other studies. TERMS AND VACATIONS. The.aoademic year is divided into three terms, which are arranged so, that students are in attendance during almost the entire period of agri- cultural operations. There is a recess of one week in May following the spring teiTo; and another of one week following the annual commence- ment, which occurs at or about the middle of August. The autumn term, the first of the academic year, ends at the third week in November. It is followed by a vacation of fourteen weeks, so that students are enabled to teach winter schools and thus defray a considerable part of their expenses. ENROLLMENT IN CLASSES. Before any student is em-oUed as a member of a class he must present to the instructor a card of admission certifying that he has paid his term fees to the secretd,ry and has been assigned by the president of the College»to that study. ELECTIVE STUDIES. The Agricultural Cotirse offers in each term of the Senior year the equivalent of five fuU-term studies. Candidates for a degree will be required to take at least three fuU-term studies, or an equivalent, but more than this cannot be taken without the especial permission of the Faculty. SCHOLARSHIP AND ATTENDANCJE. Examinations. — A careful record of scholarship is preserved by marks on a scale from to 10. A vsritten examination follows the completion of each study, and each student is recorded passed when the sum of his class standing and examination marks equals or exceeds 14. Any student present at less than four-fifths of the class exercises in any study is required to pass a more extensive examination, with a standing of at Kesidence axd Graduation". 31 least 7. Any student may, with the consent of the Faculty, receive a special examination in any study, and pass upon a standing of 7; but before each special examination a fee of fifty cents is required. No student, failing in two studies, is allowed to continue in his class, nor is he allowed to take special studies in advance of his class except by special vote of the Faculty, until all such failures are made up. Regularity of Attendance. — On entering College the student places himself under the direction of the Faculty. He is not at liberty to leave College during any portion of the tei'm to teach school, engage in manual labor, or for other reasons, without first getting permission of the Faculty. The fact that the instruction is given largely by lectures, laboratory practice, and the manual labor system, makes the presence of students at the College throughout the entire year of great importance, and leave of absence is allowed only upon urgent necessity. No student will be excused to earn money in the harvest season. FEES AND EXPENSES. Matriculation and Graduation. — Every vmdergraduate student upon entering the College is required to pay a matriculation fee of $5. This is paid but once, and entitles the student to privileges of permanent mem- bership in the College. No charge is made for tuition, except for students residents of other states, who, under an act of the state Legislature and a resolution of the Board, are charged a fee of |5 a term. The gradua- tion fee is $5. Laboeatoey Expenses.— Students in Chemistry advance 75 cents at the beginning of the Sophomore summer term for manipulations, SI at the beginning of the Junior fall term for volumetric analysis, $10 at the beginning of the Junior spring term for qualitative analysis, and S5 at the beginning of the Senior summer term for quantitative analysis. Students in Zoftlogy are charged SI. 50, and students in Physiology and "Veterinary Science are charged 50 cents each for materials used in labora- tory work. Room Rent and Incidentals. — Students wiU occupy rooms in the dormitories, unless other aiTangements are permitted by the Faculty. The rent of rooms, in which is included the expense of steam-heating and of pumping water to the several halls, varies according to the desir- ableness of the rooms, and as they are occupied by one or two persons. The highest and lowest charges per term are — 32 Michigan State Ageicultueal College. Lowest. Highest. Rooms with a single occupant $3 00 $7 00 Rooms with two occupants.- 6 00 14 00 The rooms are imfurnished, and the College has no furniture or bedding that can be rented. The term fee for incidentals is $2.50, in which is included the expense of sweeping and lighting the corridors and of repairing and cleaning the dormitories. These charges are payable at the beginning of each term. Boarding Clubs.— There are six separate kitchens and dining halls, so that the students are divided into six boarding clubs. The business management of each club is in the hands of a steward elected by the members of the club. A committee of the Faculty is charged with the duty of a general oversight of. the system. Students Can be assigned temporarily to any club by the president of the College. An advance payment of $30 at the beginning of the term will be required in order that staple groceries may be purchased in large quantities. Students are required to pay for board at its estimated cost at least one week in advance. The average cost of board has been about $3.50 per week. AU bUIs must be paid promptly when due, and no student wUl receive an honorable dismission or diploma until his accounts with the secretary and boarding clubs are settled. The following tabular statement of expenses is added for the purpose of enabling a young man who thinks of attending the College to estimate more closely the probable cost of residence : Residence and Graduation. 33 A TABLE SHOWING THE AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENSES OF ATTENDANCE AT THE AGBICULTUEAL COLLEGE. [This table is computed for one year by dividing the total expenses of the four years' course by four. The different years vary slightly.] Board for 36 weeks. This varies in the different clubs from |3.3G per week to $2.70 per week Room rent, heating, and water. This varies with the room and the number of occupants (1 or 2). The number of rooms at the lowest rate Is quite limited Incidental expenses, including sweepingand light- ing the corridors, and repairing and cleaning the dormitories Text-books, drawing instruments, etc Laboratory fees during four years, $19.25 Matriculation— Charge on entering the course, $5. Diplomaon graduating, $5 Total $114 Deduct wages received for labor. This may range as follows : In case of physical inability to labor In case the student performs only required labor. In case the student works eight hours Saturdays and four hours other week days Total College expenses. With this the following must be remembered : Cost of furnishing room, average for each of four years Clothing per year Traveling expenses Vacation board, 16 weeks.. Sundry personal expenses- Deduct vacation earnings.. Net cost per year Lowest Possible Cost. $82 80 9 00 7 50 10 00 3 06 1 25 1 25 80 64 $34 22 2 00 30 00 82 00 30 00 $128 22 128 22 Highest Possible Cost. $97 20 21 00 7 50 18 00 4 81 125 1 25 S151 01 00 $151 01 10 00 100 00 100 00 80 00 200 00 $6« 01 lt6tl 01 Probable Cost to the Average Student. $90 00 14 25 7 50 12 00 4 50 1 25 1 25 $130 75 18 00 S112 75 5 00 50 00 20 00 48 00 60 00 $2f5 75 65 75 $200 00 From the above figures it vcill be possible for each one to make a toler- ably accurate estimate of vv^hat his own expenses will be. The figures of 34 Michigan- State Agricultural College. the fli-st column will only be realized by young men of especial energy, ability, and self-denial. The aggregate of the second column need be exceeded by no one who is not unwisely extravagant, while the flgui'es of the third column are entirely possible to any prudent student and will be found in general the safest guide as to what may be expected. The following Advance- Payments will be requii-ed of each new student on arrival. Matriculation fee : to be paid but once for the whole course Advance payment on account of board Fee for incidental expenses, advance for one term Room rent, advance forone termi Deposit required on Issuing key to room Amount necessary to furnish room Text- books and laboratory fees Total advance Lowest. Highest. $5U0 $5 00 20 CO 20 00 2 50 250 300 700 1 00 1 00 500 25 00 3 50 14 50 $40 00 S75 00 UNIFORM. MiUtary driU has become a feature of the college course, and it is much to be desired that all students appear at the drills in uniform. Students are advised to come to the CoUege without especially providing 'them- selves with new clothes, and to arrange to wear the cadet uniform habit- ually while at College. The cost of the uniform is from $16 to $35. The grade of suiting to be obtained for about $31, including the cap, wears well and proves to be economical. , DEGREES. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon students who complete either of the full courses and who sustain all the examinations in the same. Opportunities for instruction and practice in post-graduate studies will be afforded the graduates of the College and of other similar institutions as follows : The student, if a candidate for the degree of Master of Science, shall with the approval of the Faculty, select from the prescribed subjects one major study and one minor, — the latter preferably a modern language Kesidexce and Graduation. 35 The following are the subjects which may be selected as majors : Agriculture. Mechanics, Physics, and Engineering. Botany. Political Economy. Chemistry. Veterinary Science. Horticulture. Zo5logy. The candidate, if he gives his entire time to the study, shall, before being recommended for the degree, spend at least the equal of one academic year at this College in the pui-suit of his studies, have passed a satisfactory examination in the same, and have presented an acceptable thesis upon some subject approved by the Faculty. If the candidate is not able to give his entire time to advanced work, or is not able to pursue his entire course of study at the College, the work done must be sufficient, in the opinion of the Faculty, to fairly represent the equivalent of one year at the College entirely devoted to advanced work as specified in the preceding paragraph. The student, if a candidate for the degree of Mechanical Engineer, must be a graduate in the Mechanical Course of this institution, or other institution giving a similar course. The prescribed course of study will involve Mechanical Engineering as a major, with one of the following subjects as a minor, viz. : Mathematics. Modern Languages. Physics. The further requirements as regards the time necessary, examinations, theses, etc. , are similar to those prescribed for the degree of M. S. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. AGRICULTURAL COURSE. (Numerals denote the number of hoars per week.) Freshman Year. Autumn Term.— Algebra— Bowser's, 2. Ancient History— Meyers, 5. English— Meikleiohn'a Grammar, 5. Oeometry— Bowser's, 3. . Rhetori- cals, 2. Spring Tehm.— Agriculture— lectures, 5. Algebra, 3. Draiving— Free Hand, 10. Oeometry, 2. Bhetoricals, 2. SUMMEE Term.— Algebra, 3. Botany — Gray's Lessons and Manual, 5, Geometry, 3. Rhetoric — William's Composition and Rhetoric, 5. Sophomore Year. Autumn Term. — Agriculture — Lectures, half term, 5. Algebra, 2. Botany — Lectures, half term, 5. Geometry, 3. Surveying — Hodgman's, 2. Field Worh—m. surveying, one afternoon per week. Trigonometry — Olney's, 3. Essays, two during the term. Spring Teem.— Boton^ — Laboratory Work, 9. American Literature —Richardson's Primer and selected texts, 3. Rhetoric — Genung's Prac- tical, 5. Rhetoricals, 2, Military Tactics, half term, 5. SuMMEE Term. — Systematic Botany, 2. Elementary Chemistry — Lectures, Bloxam, 5. Chemical Manipulations, optional, 2. Land- scape Gardening — Lectures, Long's Gardening, 3. Physics — Atkinson's Ganot, 5. Rhetoricals, 8. Junior Year. Autumn Term. — Anatomy — Lectures, Martin, 3. Laboratory Prac- tice, 1. Organic Chemistry — Lectures, 5. Physics, half term, 5. Moral Philosophy — Janet's Elem. of Morals, half term, 5. Blo'ic-pipe and Volumetric /4naiysis— Laboratory Practice, 5. S/iafcespeare— Rolfe, 1. Horticultural Essays. Public Speeches. Spring Term. — Analytical Chemistry — ^Kedzie's Hand-book, 10. Hor- ticulture—hectares, Thomas and Henderson, Laboratory, 5. Human Courses of Ixstruction. 37 and Comparative Physiology — Lectures, Martin, 5; Laboratory, 15, for two weeks. Shakespeare, 1. Military Tactics, half term, 5. Physio- logical Essays. Speeches. Summer Term. — Agriculture, 5. Agricultural Chemistry — Lectures, 5. Entomology — Lectures, Hyatt's Insecta, Cook's Manual, 5; Labora- tory Practice, 2. Shakespeare, 1. Essays in English Literature. Senior Year* Autumn Term. — Botany or Forestry — Lectures and Laboratory Prac- tice, 10. Chemical Physics — Atkinson's Ganot, Laboratory Practice, 10. Veterinarij Science — Lectures first ten weeks, dissection last two weeks, 5. Z o'ogy — Lectures, Packard, .5; Laboratory Practice, first ten weeks, 3. Two Critical Essays in English Literature. Speeches. Spring Term. — Civil Engineering— Lectures, Johnson's Theory and Practice, 5. Constitution of the United States — Fiske, half term, 5. United States History — Johnston's American Politics, half term, 5. . Geology — Lectures, Dana, half term, 5. Horticulture — Lectures and Laboratory Practice, half term, 5. Meteorology — Lectures, 5. Psychol- ogy — McLellean, 5. Veterinary Science — Lectures and clinical instruc- tion, 5. Essays in United States History, two. Summer Term. — English Literature — Stopford Brooke's Primer and selected texts, 4. Milton, 1. Political Economy — Walker's half term, 5. Finance — Lectures and References, half term, 5. Logic — Fowler, 5. Veterinary Science — Lectures and clinical instruction, 5. Quantitative Analysis — Laboratory Practice, 10. Speeches. MECHANICAL COURSE. ( Numerals denote the nnmbpr of hoars per week. Where no text-book is named the same book is used as in the Agricultural Course.) Freshman Year. Autumn Term. — Algebra, 3. Oeometry, 3. English, 5. Rhetoricals, 3. Mechanical Drawing, 8. Shop work, 10. Spring Term.— P/i^sic«, 5. Algebra, 2. Geometry, 5. Free-hand Drawing, 8. Rhetoricals, 3. Shop work, 8. Summer Tsnn.— Physics, 4. Physical Laboratory, 2. Rhetoric, 5. Descriptive Geometry, 5. Geometry, 3. Shop work, 10. *A11 Senior work, except Rhetoricals and Labor, elective. Three regular class exercises required. 38 Michigan State Agricultueal College. Sophomore Year. Autumn Term.— Trigonometry, 5. Work shop method.^, 2. Algebra, 5. Descriptive Geometry, 5. Shop work, 13. Tivo Essays. Spring Tewi.— Electricity and Magnetism, 5, one half term. Tactics, 5, one half term. Drawing, 5. Surveying, 2. Surveying (field work), 3. Rhetoric, 5. Physical Laboratory, 2. Shop work, 8. Rhetoricals, 3. SUMMBE Term. — Calculus, 5. Analytical Geometry, 5. Drawing, 5. Rhetoricals, 2. Shop work, 10. Junior Year. Fall Term. — Modern Language, 5. Chemistry, 5. Chemical Labo- ratory, 2. Calculus, 5. Shop work, 10. Speeches. Rhetorica's. Translations. Spring Term, — Modern Language, 5. Metallurgy, 3. Chemical Laboratory, 2. Solid Analytical Geometry, 5, one half term. Analyt- ical Mechanics, Bowser, 5, one half term. Tactic.^, 5, one half term. Shop work, 8. Speeches. Rhetoricals. Translations. Summer Term— Modern Language, 5. Analytical Mechanics, 5. Kinematics, Kennedy, 3. Strength of materials, Merriman, 3. Mechan- ical Laboratory, 2. Drawing, 5. Shop work, 5. Rhetoricals. Trans- lations. Senior Year. FaLl Term.— Analytical Mechanics, Bowser, 3. Graphical Statics, 3. Heat, 5, one half term. Thermodynamics, Peabody, 5, one half term. Elements of Mechanism, Kennedy, 5. Drawing, 4. Physical Laboratory, 3. Shop work, 8. Speeches. Spring Term— Cw7 Engineering (Johnson) or Electricity and Mag- netism, 5. Thermodynamics and Steam Engine. Peabody, 5. Machine Design, 5. Machine Drawing, 5. Shop work, 12. Summer TEmi.—English Literature, 5. Valve Gears, 5, one half term, and Political Economy, 5, one half term, or Astronomy (Young's General), 5. Thesis work, 9. Mechanical Laboratory, 3. Physical Laboratory, 6. Speeches. Missing Page Missing Page DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION. The order in which studies are pursued has been given above. Under the present title a somewhat detailed account -w-ill be given of the topics embraced in the several departments of instruction. AGRICULTURE. Instruction is given by lectures and by work in the laboratory, the tool-room, the barn, and the field, as follows : Freshman Year. — Twelve weeks' course in the history, development and characteristics of the domestic animals, their adaptability to various purposes and conditions, and their general care and management, illus- trated and supplemented by work in the yards among the college stock. Sophomore Year. — Six weeks of lectures are given in the fall term on the soU — its nature and cultivation; the crops of the farm — their culture and naanagement. These lectures are illustrated by examples from his- torical and comparative agriculture, and by practical work upon the farm. For the first six weeks of the spring term five hours a week are spent in the laboratory. With herd-books and breeders' catalogues, the student secures practice in tracing lines of breeding, and becomes acquainted with what American breeders are doing. In the tool-room critical study is given to the construction of farm machinery, its operation and care, together with practical work in shai'p- ening and fitting for use the ordinary tools of the farm. Junior Year. — Lecture course of twelve weeks in agricultural science, embracing the following topics: principles and practice of breeding, so far as they apply to animal and plant life upon the farm— heredity, variation, selection, surroundings, habit, use and disuse, crossing, grading, pure breeding, inter-breeding, hne-breeding, prepotency, fecun- dity, sterility, etc. Stock-feeding, — a study of foods and their relation to growth, to fat, to labor, to milk, and to the individual,— the personal equation. 40 Michigan State Agricultural College. Relation of farm crops to each other, to the manures, and to different soils and localities; rotation of crops; and relation between the animals and the crops of the farm. Also special questions, as dairying, renting, labor, systems of farming, farm management, etc. The higher classmen, when on the farm for labor, are given, as much as may be, direct charge of some portion of the work that is in progress in the field, that they may gain practical experience in the management of labor and of men. ASTRONOMY. In the Senior year a twelve weeks' course is given in Theoretical and Practical Astronomy, with special reference to the wants of students in Surveying and Civil Engineering. For illustration in this subject, the College possesses a sextant, an alti- tude-azimuth instrument, and a five and one-half inch telescope made by Alvia Clark & Sons. The telescope is mounted equatorially, and is furnished with driving clock and right ascension and declination circles. The calculations and reductions of observations necessary to determine latitude, longitude, local time, etc., receive considerable attention. This course is elective for students in the Mechanical Course. BOTANY. I. Structural. — This course occupies the twelve weeks of the Fresh- man summer term, with exercises for five days in the week. As no real progress can be made tUl the pupils learn to observe correctly, they first strive to acquire this habit by continued trials. Every one begins and continues for some time to study the specimens with only occasional hints from the teacher and a few references to Gray's Lessons. The plants, or parts of plants, selected for these exercises are mostly suggested by the subject treated in the text-book. Considerable stress is placed on morphology and the study of the more difficult subjects, such as the kinds of ovules, seeds, and fruits. Besides these, a limited time is given to the agency of insects in ferti- lization, contrivances for repelling unwelcome guests, motions of plants, etc. Each student provides himself with a stage microscope for constant use, and writes a thesis embodying the results of original observations DEPAETMElirTS OF IHSTKUCTION. 41 and experiments. The review for the last part of the term consists largely of a study of the book named above as far as lesson twenty-eight. II. Systematic. — Half of the Sophomore autumn term and one after- noon per week of the summer term is devoted to the subject of classifi- cation of the flowering plants, their nomenclature, description and syn- onyms, and the collecting, naming, and preserving of specimens. The time is divided between listening to short lectures and the study of spec- imens of several of the more important or difficult families. III. Physiological. — During two hours a day for four days in- the week throughout the spring term, the Sophomores are occupied in the laboratory, each using a compound microscope, preparing his own sUdes, making notes, drawings, and employing reagents. Once a week lectures are given on the structure, use, care, and mode of selecting a microscope ; also on the anatomy and physiology of plants. The time is chiefly devoted to the study of the higher plants. Consider- able use is made of Strausburger's Hand-book, Bessey's Text-book, and Goodale's Physiological Botany. IV. Cryptogamic. — This is elective for five days in the week during the autumn term of the Senior year, and consists mainly of laboratory work on the lower plants aided by the compound microscope, and by lectures one day in the week. The course varies somewhat in accord- ance with the wishes of the students. V. Grasses and Clovers. — Instead of the preceding course, the Seniors may elect the botanical study of our forage plants, giving some attention to other plants belonging to the same families. VI. Forestry. — In place of either of the two preceding courses, the Seniors may elect to devote the term to the elements of Forestry. CHEMISTRY. Elementary Chemistry. — The study of this science is entered upon in the second year. There is given a course of lectures, illustrated by appropriate experiments, embracing the history of chemistry, chemical affinity, and laws of chemical combination ; elementary substances- -their history, geographical distribution, preparation, properties, combi- nations, and technical uses and the applications of chemistry in the arts and manufactures. A short course in chemical manipulation is given, which renders students familiar with manipulation in the gases. 43 Michigan- State Agricultukal College. Organic Chemistey.— In the following term a course of lectures on organic Chemistry is given. VoLUMETEic Analysis.— A short course of lectures is given, explain- ing the principles and methods by which quantitative analysis by volume is performed. The students then make a volumetric analysis of a large number of commercial products, especial attention being devoted to practical applications in alkalimetry and acidimetry. Qualitative Analysis.— In the second term the members of the Junior class spend two hours a day in the laboratory, under the direc- tion and supervision of the professor of Chemistry and his assistants, applying with their own hands the reagents required to determine the composition and properties of bodies, thus securing a practical knowl- edge of the methods employed in such investigations. Each student is required to make an analysis of at least one hundred substances, embrac- ing commercial and natural productions, manures, ashes of plants, tech- nical minerals, soils, etc. Quantitative Analysis.— In the third term of the Senior year Quan- titative Analysis is an elective study, the students spending two hours a day in this work. The course in Quantitative Analysis includes a course in Assaying. For this purpose four assay furnaces, one gold and silver, furnace (Orr & Hess), and assay and silver balances have been provided. Agricultural Chemistry. — The instruction in Agricultural Chem- istry is imparted by lectures, which cover the following topics; forma- tion and composition of soils; the relations of air and moisture to vege- table growth; connection of heat, light afid electricity with gx-owth of plants; nature and source of food of plants; chemical changes attending vegetable growth; chemistry of the various processes of the farm, as plowing, fallowing, draining, etc. ; preparation, preservation, and com- posting of manure; artificial manure; methods of improving soils by chemical means, by mineral manures, by vegetable manures, by animal manures, by indirect methods; rotation of crops; chemical composition of the various crops; chemistry of stock feeding and chemistry of the dairy. CHEMICAL PHYSICS. The instruction in this subject embraces the following topics: weights and measures; specific gravity; elasticity; cohesion; adhesion; diffusion of liquids and gases; influence of light on chemical attraction; sources, nature, and laws of light; spectrum analysis; heat, — measurement of H m 2 o w o ij n w w g n > a o o so Departjients of Ixstruction. 43 heat, thermometers and pyrometers, equiUbriuin of tempei-ature, specific and latent heat, atomic relations of heat; electricity and magnetism; correlation and conservation of forces. The course is illustrated by numei'ous experiments and practical work is required with physical apparatus. DRAWING— FREE HAND. Tliis study consists of two hours' practice per day for one term in the Freshman year for all students. It is designed to train the eye to see correctly and the hand to represent accurately what the eye sees. Draw- ings are made from plates, casts, or nature, according to the progress of the student. Further practice is given in other courses, as in Botany and Zo51ogy, where drawing is required. DRAWING— MECHANICAL. This, in addition to the Free-hand Drawing of the second term of the Freshmen year, constitutes the drawing of .the mechanical course. Mechanical Drawing is taught in some form one hour per day for nearly the entire remainder of the course. The subjects for the various terms are as follows: Feeshman Year. First Term. — Geometrical and Projection Drawing. Third Term. — Elementary Descriptive Geometry. Sophomore Year. First Term. — Descriptive Geometry. Second Term.— Shades, Shadows and Isometric. Third Term —Screw Threads and Gear Teeth. Junior Year. Third Tter-m,— Kinematic Drawing. Senior Year. ■ First Term.— Kinematic Drawing. Second Term. —Designing Machinery. Third Term.— Designing Machinery. The student in Mechanical Drawing will need a draughting board 20 by 35 inches, T square, one six inch triangle with angles 90°, 45° and 45°, one eight inch triangle with angles 90°, 60° and 30°, a few first-class Ger- man-silver draughting instruments, among which should be one draw- ing pen, one bow pen and pencil, one pair five-inch compasses, with pen, pencil and needle points, one very smaU irregular curve, and one tri- angular scale divided into sixteenths, twelfths, fiftieths and other scales. 44 Michigan State Agricultural College. ENGINEE RING— CIVIL. Under tliis title are included (1) Surveying and Leveling, (3) Civil Engineering. I. Surveying and Leveling.— This study with Trigonometry extends through one term and a half in the Sophomore year, and virith Civil Engin- eering through one term in the Senior year. It is principally devoted to practice with instruments and the necessary calculations to reduce such work. Approved methods are taught in the class-room, and the students are required to take the necessary instruments and perfect themselves by practice. The study in the Sophomore year is principally devoted to work with the compass, chain and level: in the Senior year to practice with transit, sextant, and theodolite. Neat drawings of surveys are called for. Tlie college is well supplied with instruments for practice, owning three compasses, two Y levels, two transits, one solar transit, one sextant, one theodolite, and a number of chains and steel tapes. II Civil Engineering. — This study embraces principally Higher Sur- veying and Strength of Materials. The subjects taught are Railroad Sui-veying, Land Surveying, Mining, and Geodetic Surveying. ENGINEEEING— MECHANICAL. Under this head are included — I. Strength of Materials; II. Elements of Mechanism and Designing of Machinery; III. Thermodynamics and Steam Engine; IV. Thesis Work. I. Strength op Materials. -s-During a part of the third term Junior and first term Senior this subject is studied from a text-book supple- mented by laboratory work in the actual testing of the various materials used in engineering construction. ■ II. Elements of Mechanism and Designing op Machinert. — These subjects occupy two hours per week for the third term Junior, five hours per week for the first term Senior, and ten hours per week for the second term Senior. Machines are studied analytically and synthetically, and the various considerations entering into the design of machinery of vari- ous types ai'e carefully considered. III. Thermodynamics and Steam Engine. — These subjects occupy the latter half of the first term and the whole of the second term Senior. The fundamental considerations underlying the transformation of heat Depastmexts of Instbuction. 45 into work, more especially as exemplified in the steam engine, are care- fully studied. The class-room work is supplemented by a series of labo- ratory experiments on the engines of .the department. There is a good outfit of indicators, test gauges, test pumps, thermometers, scales, a sur- face condenser and air pump, etc., with which complete and scientific tests can be made. IV. Thesis Work. — This may be either more extended laboratory research, or the making in the shops and subsequent use of apparatus of the student's design. The work also includes a written report or essay on the subject under investigation. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. English Grammar. — This study is pursued during the first term of the Freshman year. It is mainly a study of the English sentence, includ- ing punctuation, supplemented by elementary lessons in etymology. The practical ends aimed at are, the use of correct and forcible EngUsh in writing and speaking, and the training of the critical and analytical faculties. Rhetoric. — The study of Rhetoric occupies two terms. The Fresh- men spend one term in the study of style and such elementary princi- ples of invention as are necessary for their guidance in the writing of numerous exercises, principally narrative and descriptive. The Sopho- mores study invention, including the ki»ds of composition and the selec- tion and arrangement of material. The written work of this term is principally in exposition, argumentation, and persuasion. ExGLiSH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. — During the second term of the .Sophomore year the Agricultural students have three-fifths of a term upon American Literature. The course will embrace a consideration of the history of American Literature, sketches of the life and work of leading American authors, and the critical study of a few of the master- pieces that adorn our literature. The study of English Literature may be carried on by both Agricult- ural and Mechanical students during the third term of the Senior year. The course will embrace some lectures on the origin and history of the language, the characteristics of the literature in different ages, and bio- graphical notices of leading authors. More than half the work of the term wiU consist of a careful study of masterpieces in several depart- ments of literature. The aim of this course is to educate the taste, culti- 46 Michigan State Agkicultukal College. vate a habit of thorough and critical reading, secure an intelligent notion of the relations of Uterature to the social and poUtical history of the period in which it was produced, and stimulate an appreciation of what is best in letters. A course of reading in Milton occupies the entire class one day a week for one term. Rhetoeical Exercises.— The following scheme indicates the charac- ter of the rhetorical work for the whole course: — Feeshman Year: — Both Courses. Autumn Term. — Semi-weekly exercises in reading and criticism of some selection from standard prose, as Irving's " Legend of Sleepy Hol- low." Exercises in word study. Two declamations. Spring Tirin. — Semi-weekly exercises in reading and criticism con- tinued. Study of synonyms, antinyms, and common errors in the use of words. Two declamations. Summer Term — Essays in connection with the work in Rhetoric. Sophomore Year: — Both Courses. Autumn Term. — Two essays. The further work, which in former catalogues has been assigned to this term, is transferred to and united with the work of the succeeding term. Spring Term. — Essays in Rhetoric class. Semi-weekly exercises in the study of oratorical masterpieces. Two declamations. Summer Term. — Elocution. Semi-weekly exercises in vocal culture and gesture. Extemporaneous speeches. One oration. Junior Year: — Agricultural Course. Autumn Term. — Two essays on assigned subjects in Horticulture; public speeches. Spring Term.— Two essays on assigned subjects in Physiology; public speeches. Summer Term. — Two critical essays in English Literature; public speeches. Mechanical Course. Written work in French or German throughout the year as a substitute for essays. Public speeches as for the Agricultural Course. Senior Year: — Agricultural Course. Autumn Term. — Two essays on assigned subjects in English Literature; public speeches. Departments of Instruction. V,' Spring Term.— Two essay on assigned subjects in Political Economy. Summer Term.— Weekly readings in MUton; public speeches. Mechanical Course. Technical essays throvighout the year. Public speeches as for the Agri- cultural Coiwse. Note.— The public speeches of the Junior and Senior years are deliv- ered before the whole body of students, in the chapel, immediately after prayers. Each student presents two speeches during his Junior year, and two during his Senior year. FARMERS' INSTITUTES. For several years Institutes have been held under the auspices of the State Board of Agriculture. The times and places are determined by the Board at the November meeting. Several members of the Faculty are delegated to attend each institute, and the chau-man of each com- mittee cooperates with the local committee in maiing all necessary arangements. The exercises consist of lectures, essays, and discussions upon leading topics in agriculture, and are sustained by the joint effort of the people of the places where the Institutes are held and members of the Board, or of the Faculty of the CoUege. A series of Institutes will be held during the months of January and February, 1892, in various parts of the State. GEOLOGY. Instruction is given in Lithology; Historic Geology, and the causes which have wrought and are now working the various geologic changes. Special attention is given to the geology of Michigan. The course is given by lectures and illustrated by maps, diagrams, the vari- ous rocks, fossUiferous and non-fossiliferous, and the large collection of casts to be found in the geological cabinet. To gain a better knowledge of rock structure,— stratigraphy, joints, dip, etc.,— the students, with the professor, visit, at some time during the period of instruction, the outcrops at Grand Ledge, on Grand River. GERMAN OR FRENCH. German or French will be offered during the entire Junior year to students in the course in Mechanic Arts. The instruction in both lan- guages will be directed especially toward facUity in reading scientific literature. 48 Michigan State Agkicultueal College. HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. Ancient History.— This study is required in the agricultural course, and is given in the first term of the Freshman year. The leading nations of antiquity will be studied with especial reference to their institutions. Myer's "General History" will be used as a text-book, and it will be supplemented by library references and familiar lectures. Constitutional Law and History op the United States.— This course falls naturally into two parts. The first part will be devoted to the Constitution, attention being given to the origin and development of the national, state, and local institutions of the United States. Fisk's " Civil Government" will be used as a basis for this part of the work, many references being given to a well-equipped library. The second part of the course will be based upon Johnston's "American Politics." Especial attention will be given to the constitutional bearings of the political questions of our past history, and also to the American political system as it exists in the customs and methods of to-day. Political Economy and Finance. — This course falls into two parts. The first six weeks will be given to the study of the elementary princi- ples of political economy, with F. A. Walker's " Political Economy '' {briefer course) as a text-book. Supplementary reading will be assigned, and occasional lectures given. This part of the course is open to both Agricultural and Mechanical students. The remainder of the term will be devoted to the study of the principles and methods of public finance, and further to the application of the principles of political economy and finance to the solution of some of the more important recent economic problems. This portion of the work may be elected by Agricultural students. Mechanical students must receive special permission. horticulture: The course in horticulture includes four general topics: Pomology, Vegetable Gardening, Floriculture, and Seed Growing The instruction is given both by lectures and by practical operations in the field. Of the two methods of instruction, it is intended that the field work shall be the more important. The Juniors are given instruction by the professor, so far as possible, in sections or squads, in budding, grafting, pruning, till- ing, harvesting, marketing and storing fruits and vegetables. All vege- tables which are suited to this climate are gi'own in the vegetable gai-den, and all desirable small fruits in the fruit garden. Apple, pear, plum. Departments of Ixstkuctiox. 49 and cherry orchards, and two vineyards, are invaluable aids to th& observing student. Students who desire to follow fruit growing and vegetable gardening can secure here the necessary practical trainings The class-room lectures also cover the practical points of the subject and enable the student to enter at once upon his field work. The lectures also treat of the principles of plant growth and their relations to cultiva- tion, of the classiftoation and nomenclature of fruits and vegetables, of hybridization and cross-fertilization, and of plant diseases. Instruction is given in the care of hedges, ornamental trees and flowers, and upon the charactsrs and values of native wild fruits. A few lectures are also given upon the history and literature of horticulture when time permits. The horticultural laboratory, the first of its kind in the country, is now completed and occupied. It provides a headquarters for the department, and with its lecture-room and laboratories greatly facilitate the work in horticultui-e. LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Landscape gardening is treated as a fine art, and its study is introduced by a discussion of the principles of art in general. Unity, harmony and variety are discussed at length, and abundant illustrations are drawn from the views and plants upon the college premises. The principles of the art of ornamental gardening once understood, they are apphed to the ornamentation of parks, cemeteries and large estates, after which practice the student is able to discriminate the features which can be judiciously applied to the embellishment of highways, school grounds and country homes. In practical rural embellishment the subject finds its greatest expansion. Finally, the student is given instruction in rural architecture, in the making ot walks and drives, in sodding, grading, ©tc MATHEMATICS. The course in Mathematics embraces the following subjects: I. Algebra and Geometry.— These studies are taught throughout the entire Freshman year and the first tenn of the Sophomore year. The equivalent of two full terms' work is given to each study. In Algebra the first half of the work is devoted to the elementary operations of Algebra, the subjects of factoring, least common multiple, greatest common divisor, fractions, radicals, ratio and proportion, appli- cation of the binomial theorem, equations of one or more unknown, quantities. 50 Michigan" State Ageicultukal College. The second half of the work is given to Advanced Algebra, including the subjects of quadratic equations, progressions, decomposition of frac- tions, inequalities, logarithms series, loci, and Horner's method of solu- tion of higher equations. In Geometry, instruction is given on the subjects of Plane, Spherical, and Solid Geometry. Many original exercises are given to aid in devel- oping the reasoning powers of the students-. II. Tkigonometby is taught for one term, instruction being given in the subjects of both Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. The solution of triangles by trigonometrical functions, with and without logarithms, is made a prominent feature. In addition to the foregoing, students in the Mechanical course will have the following mathematical studies: III. Analytical or General Geometry. — Analytical Geometry of two dimensions is taught for one and one-half terms. Analytical Geometry of three dimensions is taught during the first half of the Spring term of the Junior year in the Mechanical course. IV. Calculus. — The Differential and Integral Calculus is taught for two terms. Olney's Calculus is used as a text-book. V. Analytical Mechanics. — Instruction is given in Analytical Me- chanics throughout the first half of the Junior Spridg term, the Junior Summer term, and the fu-st half of the Senior Fall term. MECHANICS AND GENERAL PHYSICS. These subjects are pursued at length in the Mechanical course. The instruction is partly by lectures and recitations, supplemented by experi- mental work in the laboratory. During the last two terms of the Fresh- man year and the spring term of the Sophomore year, the subject of Ele- mentary Physics is pursued in the manner above indicated. During the fall term of the Senior year the subject of Heat is studied, especially as an introduction to Thermodynamics, which is taken up in the latter part of the same term. During the spi'ing term the subjects of Electricitj- and Magnetism are studied mathematically and with reference to their appUcation in the arts. This coiu:se is supplemented by a course of labo- ratory work in the following term. METEOROLOGY. The instruction in Meteorology is imparted by lectures. The follow- ing topics are treated: constitution and weight of the atmosphere, — bar- Depaetments oe Instruction. 51 ometry; thermometry, — the variations of temperature, and relations to climate; atmospheric moisture, hygrometers; motions of the atmosphere; anemometers; winds, — trade winds and the anti-trades, monsoons, land and sea breezes; precipitation of moisture, — dew, hoar frost, fog, clouds, rain, snow, hail; theory and laws of storms; electrical phenomena ; atmospheric electricity, — thunder storms, aurora borealis. MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS. The department of Military Science and Tactics was established in 1884 in accordance with the requirements of an act of Congress donating public lands to colleges, one of the conditions being that military tactics should be taught. It is under the control of an oiSioer of the regular army, detailed by the War Department for this duty, without any expense to the State, under the provisions of section 1235, Revised Statutes of the United States. One hundred and fifty Springfield rifles (cadet pattern; similar to those used at West Point) and equipments ai-e loaned to the coUege by the U. S. Ordnance Department. An allowance of ammimition is annually supplied by the general Government for the purposes of target practice. All students except the members of the Senior class, ai-e required to drill three hours per week throughout the summer and fall terms. The drill is elective in the Senior year. At drill a dark navy- blue uniform is worn. The uniform is neat and inexpensive, and naay be worn with propriety on all occasions. The cadet officers and non-com- missioned officers are appointed by the commandant of cadets subject to the approval of the President. The commissioned officers are usually selected from the Senior class; the sergeants from the Junior class, and the corporals from the Sophomore class; general merit and military effi- ciency being the qualifications considered. Besides obtaining the excellent physical results which flow from sys- tematic and regular military training, the morale of the students has very noticeably improved since the establishment of the mihtary depart- ment. The virtues of patriotism, honor and truthfulness are cultivated, and habits of neatness, promptness and obedience are insisted upon. 52 Michigan State Agricultural College. ROSTER OF OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE M. A. C. CADET BATTALION, SUMMER TERM, 1891. BATTALION STAFF. L. C. Gribbs ,- Adjutant. C. A. Udell Quartermaster. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. L. W. Watkins TSergeant Major. T. Bradford _ Quartermaster Sergeant. CAPTAINS. 1. F. W. Ashton. 2. V. S. Hillyer. 3. G. C. Monroe. 4. B. A. Holden. LIEUTENANTS. 1. H. W. Mumford. * 2. W. D. Groesbeck. 3. B. W. Peet. 4. F. Bauerle. 5. W. E. Palmer. 6. J. E. Hinkson. 7. M. Edwin Greeson. FIRST SERGEANTS. 1. G. A. Hawley. 3. T. S. Major. 3. G. E. Simmons. 4. C. R. Winegar. SERGEANTS. 1. C. A. Hathaway. 2. H. N. Peck. 3. W. Hawley. 4. A. F. Stowe. . 5. H. A. White. 6. W. K. Sagendorph. 7. D. J. Crosby. 8. R. M. Kedzie. 9. L. J. Brigga. 10. B. A. Stowe. 11. R. S. Campbell. 13. H. F. Palmer. 13. W. L. Harvey. 14. L. C. Brooks. 15. G. W. Davis. CORPORALS. 1. E. McElroy. 2. M. Sera. 3. E. N. Thayer. 4. W. W. Parker. 5. J. B. Dimmick. 6. V. J. Willey. 7. H. M. Rich. 8. E. T. Bernart. 9. G. Ellis. 10. C. H. Alexander. 11. A. B. Chase. 13. E. C. Peters. 13. D. Cole. 14. A. B. Cook. 15. W. G. Merritt. o K in v< o o W H 2 Departments of Instruction. 53 PSYCHOLOGY, ETHICS AND LOGIC. These sciences are studied, Psychology and Logic foi- a terni each, and Ethics for a half term. The instruction in Psychology and Ethics follows in the main, the system of Bascom's " Science of Mind," and is pursued through the three departments of the Intellect, the Sensibilities, and the "Wm. In the study of Logic, comparatively little attention is paid to the SyUogysm, and especial prominence is given to inductive Logic, the observation of facts, their classification, and the discovery of causes. SHOP PRACTICE. The shop practice is of the nature of laboratoi-y work, and is without pay, and is chiefly incidental to the mechanical course. A series of exercises is selected principally with reference to giving the student skill. So far as possible these exercises consist of practice on articles intended for use, and are constructed under the immediate over- sight of a skilled workman. The shops are run, as far as possible, the same as actual manufacturing institutions. The results attained by trial of such methods for sixteen years in similar institutions have shown con- clusively that work in connection with instniction, and parallel to it, gives the student more skill than can be obtained without such instruc- tion in twice the time by shop work alone. Again, the shop work is of value as a practical illustration of the precepts taught in the class-room. WORK IN WOOD SHOP. The Mechanical Freshmen spend the year in the wood shop. The Agricultural Freshmen spend part or all of one term in the wood shop. The First Term— The work done relates to the primary operations of carpentry, such as exercises relating to the use of tools, putting tools in order, and the con- struction of a series of exercises graded according to skill of the student. The work of this term is confined principally to carpenter work and joinery. Practice is given in the construction of mortise and tenon, dovetail and other joints. The Second Term— During the second term the work relates to advanced joinery, turning, and cabinet making. Some practice will also be given in the use of machine tools for working wood. 7 54 Michigan' State Ageicultukal College. The Third Term— During the third term the student learns the arts of pattern making and of molding. The patterns are all constructed accurately from drawings. In the foundry the student molds his own patterns, and pours them either with a special fusible metal or brass. So far as is consistent with good instruction, the work of the wood shop is applied to articles actually to be used. Out of the regular prac- tice hours students are allowed the use of their case of tools for private work, whenever the instructor can be present, and otherwise when pos- sible, without detriment to the tools. Mechanical ability is encouraged in every possible way. Each student in the shop (or each two students) has assigned for use a case of tools, consisting of a set of four planes, brace and set of bits, four saws, hammer, draw shave, set of chisels, set of gouges, try square, bevel square, marking gauge, square, brad awl, oil stone and oil can. No one else is permitted to use these tools, so that the students to whom they are assigned can be held responsible for their condition. No tools are permitted to be taken from the work room. WORK IN THE IRON SHOP. The work in the iron shop extends through the remainder of the course, and includes the practical operations of forging, .vice work, finishing, machine work and casting. This work is all applied toward the con- sti-uction of some useful article or machine. The students have already built one power fret saw, one fifteen-inch turret lathe, two fifteen-inch engine lathes, thi'ee twelve-inch engine lathes, one steam pump, five lathes for the wood shop, one twenty-five horse power engine, and a fif ty- incandesoent-light dynamo, besides various small tools. A fifteen-inch shaper, a combination buzz saw, and several smaller articles are in the works and will be finished during 1891. In the forge shop tools are made and dressed and a considerable amount of welding and forging done. The equipment consists of forges for eleven fires, with anvils and tools for each. Accurate record is kept of the progress of each student, and at the end of his course, if desired, papers will be furnished giving record of skill. Besides the required work, which is usually ten hours per week, students are encouraged to attain additional skill by having allowed to them, when circumstances will permit, the privileges of the shop for any work which they may undertake for themselves, on Saturday fore- l-> < in a w < o f-l < O m a a -< u < g s w w > Departments of Insteuction. 55 Several students have built vertical engines of from one-and-a- balf to six-horse power. e iron shop is provided with a separate tool room, and is conducted the same as a manufacturing establishment. unng the spring term the agilcultural Sophomores work in the blacksmith shop in three sections, each section working three weeks, twelve and one-half hours per week. VETERINARY SCIENCE. The instruction in this subject is given in lectures and practice extend- ing over the entire Senior year. The branches discussed are summarized below: Akatomy. —Lectures describing the various organs enteftng into the formation of the animal economy of the horse, ox, sheep, and hog, illus- trated with skeletons, models, diagrams, and dissections made from the original subject by the students. Zoo-PATHOLoaY. — Lectures upon the principal diseases of the domestic animals, describing the nature, causes, symptoms, treatment, and pre- vention of them, illustrated with pathological specimens and individual cases when possible. Operative Suegery.— Practical illustrations by performance of vari- ous operations. Obstetrics. — Care and management of pregnant animals, attention to the offspring, what to be done and what not to be done in difficult cases of jjarturition, etc., etc. SIateria Medica.— Lectures upon the actions, uses, and abuses, and doses of upwards of a hundred of the chief medicines used in veterinary practice. For the purpose of teaching the various branches of this department a spacious laboratory has been erected, containing a large lecture room for class exercises, a museum, in which will be found pathological and other specimens, among them the complete model of a horse, which separates into ninety-seven- pieces, exhibiting over 3,000 anatomical objects in detan, also the skeleton of a horse, an ox, a sheep and a hog. The pathological specimens illustrate the diseases of bone and other structures; among them are many valuable ones. To aid in the study of materia medica are over a hundred samples of the principal drugs used in the treatment of disease. A large case of instruments has been added for 56 Michigan State Agricultural College. performing various operations, and a microscope for doing -nork in Iiis- tology. The dissecting room is equipped for practical work in anatomy, while the operating room is so arranged that operations can be conven- iently performed before the class. ZOOLOGY. Under this title are included (1) Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, (3) General Zoology, (3) Entomology. I. COMPABATIVB Anatomy and Physiology.— The instruction is given in a course of lectures upon Human Physiology, while particular atten- tion is given to the anatomy and physiology of domestic animals. The course is illustrated by models, anatomical preparations, and diagrams representing the comparative structure of the organs of locomotion, digestion, circulation, respiration, and reproduction in each branch of the animal kingdom. Each student spends some time during the spring term in the dissection of animals, that he may become familiar with the appearance, situation and relation of the organs of the animal system in a state of health, and the changes produced by disease. Opportunities are given for the study of the minute structure of the various tissues by means of the microscope. II. General Zo8logy. — ^The following topics are presented in a course of lectures covering six weeks : principles of the classification of animals as founded on their structure and embryonic development; descriptive zo&logy, comprising the systematic arrangement of animals in accord- ance with their natural affinities, in classes, orders, families, etc ; habits and geographical distribution of animals. Six hours a week are devoted to laboratory work, consisting of dissections, microscopic study of ani- mals and animal histology. , Thorough investigation is given to some class of animals, the student determining species by actual observation and study of the species them- selves. This makes the student familiar with those structural features which are valuable in classification. III. Entomology. — This study is pursued during the Summer term, when the outdoor conditions are most favorable for practice. The lect- ures embrace the anatomy of -insects, their transformations, development, geopraphical distribution and classification. Particular attention is given to species injurious to vegetation, their habits, and the methods of checking their ravages. The students all make, under the professor's Departments of Instruction. 5'? supervision, detailed examination of various species in each order, by- dissecting under the microscope, and drawing the various structural peculiarities that are important in determining the families and genera. By collecting, preserving and rearing specimens of our native species, the students become familiar with insect habits and transformations. The science and practice of bee-keeping also receive attention. The races of bees are discussed, and the students, by actual practice, are made famil- iar with the variovis manipulations of the apiary. Valuable means of illustration are afforded by the faunal, scientific, and economic collec- tions of specimens of the General Museum, and by elaborate and care- fully prepared charts. The large Mac^IiUan Collection is specially helpful in the study of Sys- tematic Entomology. GENERAL EQUIPMENT. THE COLLEGE LIBRARY. The library oontains nearly fourteen thousand volumes. It is well supplied with scientific and technical works, and with the journals of agriculture and allied arts. Each of the departments of insti'uction is equipped with a serviceable collection of books of reference. CuiTent publications recording the results of investigations in the sciences and useful arts are added as means will permit. There is a moderate equip- ment in history and general literature. Liberal appropriations have been made by the legislature for the maintenance and extension of the collection. Students have access to the library twelve hours daily, and they are permitted to draw books for reading in their rooms, excepting works of reference and bound volumes of the leading serial publications. Connected with the hbrary is a reading room supplied with over two hundred periodical pubUoations, including the leading English and American periodicals. The libraries of the Natural History Society and of the College Y. M. C. A. are deposited with the College Library. MUSEUMS AND LABORATORIES. Ageioultueal Laboeatoey.— This building affords a lecture room with seating capacity for sixty students. Besides this, on the first fioor are two offices provided with cases and a good collection of agricultural works, including the herd registers of the leading breeds of live stock. A work room and dark closet, with an elevator room, complete the first floor. On the second floor are the museum and three smaller rooms, at pres- ent occupied by the Botanical Department, but ultimately to be filled with specimens of agricultural interest. Botanical Laboeatoey.. — The Botanical Department occupies, tem- porarily, some very convenient rooms in a portion of the Agricultural General Equipmexx. 09 tureTrsq"^^ "'''^ appropriation of ?10,000 was made by the last legisla- ^ ) to erect a new buUdiug to take the place of the one destroyed by fire m March, 1890. Chemical LABORATORY._The Chemical Laboratory includes a lecture- room for one hundred and Bfty students, analytical rooms, fitted with evaporatmg hoods and tables for sixty-eight students, the professor's private laboratory and study, and a suite of rooms for students in metal- lurgy and quantitative chemical analysis. It contains the chemical apparatus and stores; a full set of instruments for meteorological obser- vations, such a.s are used in the United States Signal Service; assay fur- naces and balances. HOETICTJLTURAL LABORATORY.— The Horticultural Laboratory pro- vides a lecture-room for seventy students ; a museum and specimen room for collection of seeds, fruits and other horticultural products, and apparatus for class-room instruction ; a laboratory and work room, seed room, grafting room, and rooms for the storage of fruits, vegetables, trees, scions, etc. The private study contains the Lyon Library, of nearly five hundred volumes. The hand tools, used by the students in the manual labor iu the gardens and on the grounds are kept in a large and well-lighted room on the first floor. A room in the basement pro- vided with a sink and tables affords opportunity for practical instruction in the methods of preparing vegetables and fruits for market. General Museum. — The General Museum contains preserved speci- mens of mammals and birds of the State, reptiles, batrachians ; a large collection of shells, native and exotic ; a collection of invertebrates from the Smithsonian Institution ; three collections of insects ; a faunal, a scientific, and an economic; a manikin, skeletons of man and of the lower animals ; alcoholic and microscopic preparations of animal organs and tissues ; fossils from all the gi-oups of rocks ; rock specimens illustrating the divisions in Lithologic Geology ; and a small but growing collection in Ethnography. Mechanical Laboratory and Work Shops.— This building furnishes a large lecture room for Instruction In the principles of mechanics, a practice laboratory, class-room in engineering, a draughting room, and a blue-print room. In this building there is a complete blacksmith shop thirty feet square,, supphed with benches, forges, tools of all kinds, and a Sturtevant press- - -blower. There is also an iron working shop, 50 by 60 feet, fur- 60 Michigan State Ageicultukal College. nished with. an engine, eleven engine lathes, a planer, two shapers, a uni- versal miUing machine, an emery tool and cutter grinder, two power drills, two emery wheels, benches, vices and tools and machinery neces- sary to a complete shop. There is also a large wood-working shop, two stories, 50 by 60 feet, suppUed with five lathe j, a band saw, combination buzz saw, power planer and shaper, benches, vices and forty sets of carpenter's tools. Physical Laboratory.— The north wing of the chemical laboratory has been fitted for the physical department. The main floor contains a lecture room for sixty students, an oflice and work room. The lower floor is used for experimental work, and contains a photometer room, boiler, engine, dynamos, motors, storage batteries, etc. The cases con- tain a flne collection of instruments for experiments in gravitation, sound, heat, light, magnetism and electricity. Veterinary Laboratory. — The Veterinary Laboratory, commodious and well-equipped, contains a fine large lecture room, .a museum well supplied with material for illustration, and a working laboratory and hospital where clinical instruction can be given. Zoological Laboratory. — The Zoftlogical Laboratory consists of a lecture room for eighty students, rooms for anatomical study and histo- logical work, and a private study containing a good zoi51ogieal library. In connection with the laboratory is the Jarge McMillan Collection, which, with specimens added at the College and by exchanges, forms one of the finest insects cabinet of the west. ARMORY AND GYMNASIUM. The College Armory contains a large, well-lighted drill-hall for use in inclement weather, a i-oom for gun racks, and an office for the comman- dant of cadets. The parade-ground in front of this building is admirably adapted for tactical maneuvers. The drUl-hall of the armory serves also as a gymnasium. The gym- nastic apparatus is so arranged that the floor is readily cleared for drill. The Fres hm en are taken through a systematic course of Calisthenics and Gymnastic Training as a part of their military work. THE COLLEGE FARM. The tract of land upon which the college is situated comprises 676 acres. Of this the lawns and building sites, the gardens and orchards, cover about 100 acres. There are over 300 acres of original forest. The GENERA.L Equipment. 61 crops, and uo'to wo^InCt?'^' ''' *° ^ ^^^^^'^^^^^ ™*^*^- °^ Sheep, gram tools and feeding experiments, and a piggery contaLing ten pens, with yards attached. f b^ y 6 CATTLE.-A herd of Short-Horns, with fine specimens of Ayrshire Galloway, Holstem-Frisian and Hereford. Sheep.— Spanish Merino, Southdown, and Shropshire. Swine.— Poland China and specimens of Berkshire. ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR ILLUSTRATION. An Apiary, with specimens of Italian and Syrian bees, various styles of hives and honey extractors, and other approved apparatus; noted honey plants — shrubs, trees and herbs. An Arboretum and sample grounds for timber trees. A Botanic Garden of native and foreign hardy plants, mostly labeled; also a large number of grasses, clovers and other forage plants as a part of the experiment station. The College Campus, comprising nearly one hundred acres, laid out in flower gardens, lawns, walks and drives. It exhibits a good variety of herbaceous plants and ornamental shrubs and trees, and furnishes altogether abundant and excellent illustrations of landscape gardening- Experimental Hedges and Screens of different kinds. The Fruit Garden, comprising four acres, inclosed by a windbreak. In this garden are furnished illustrations of all the operations of smalj fruit growing, and also tests of all promising hardy new fi'uits. It con- tains a very complete collection of raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, strawben-ies, quinces, Russian apples, Russian apricots, Russian mulberries, wild fruits, etc. A Greemhouse of seven rooms, containing a choice collection of the best ornamental plants, and of those used in the arts. Orchards, containing pears, plums, cherries, and apples in great variety. A Small Astronomical Observatory, containing a fine five-and-one- half inch telescope, equatorially mounted and driven by clock-work. The Vegetable Garden, including about seven acres, in which are grown all vegetables suited to the cUmate. These gardens not only fm- nish invaluable instruction in all the processes of gardening, from the hot-bed to the wmter storing, but they supply the CoUege tables. Vineyards, including nearly all the hardy varieties of grapes. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. DISCIPLINE. The maintenance of order in the dormitories and hoarding lialls is largely intrusted to the students, who for this purpose have organized themselves into vrards, These select captains and lieutenants, who make and execute rules. Each ward holds an election for the choice of officers by ballot, on the second Saturday of each term. The executive officers meet weekly with the president of the College. Excuses for absence from College to attend meetings and encamp- ments of various organizations will be granted only in extraordinary cases, and only to students whose class record is high. Any unexcused absence to attend such organizations will sever the student's connection with the College. SOCIETIES AND PUBLICATIONS. The students have organized several literary societies, which hold their meetings on ' Saturday evenings. The exercises consist principally of discussions, essays, and lectures. Public meetings are held only by per- mission of the Faculty. The members of the Faculty have united with the students in the organization of a Natural History Society, which possesses a library and a museum. Its regular meetings are on the second Friday of each month, at 7 p. m. The students maintain a musical association known as the College Comet Band, in charge of the Military Department. The College Christian Union, which was formed in 1871, gave place in 1881 to a Young Men's Chi-istian Association. It maintains a pi'ayer meeting in the Association room on Thursday and Sunday evenings at 7 o'clock, a Sunday school and Ubrary ; and also furnishes a lecture at least once a term. MisoELLAXEors Ineosmation. 63 The graduates have formed an association, which meets at the CoUege at the tmie of commencement once in three years. The next remiion wi 1 occm- at commencement in August, 1891. At the last meeting the following officers were chosen : President—E. M. Shelton, Class .if '71. Vice Presidents-W. L. Carpenter, Class of '75 ; C. E. Hollister, Class of '61 ; D. C. Oaks, Class of '74. Secretary and Treasurer - F. S. Kedzie, Class of '77. Orator— Q. A. Farr, Class of '711 ; alternate, J. W. Beaumont, Class of '82. Poet— Frask HoDGiiAN, Class of '63 ; alternate, J, B. Cotton, Class of stj. Historian — C. P. Gillette, Class of '84; alternate, Mrs. H. T. French, Class of '87. The Annual CATALoarE is published during the Summer term. The secretary of the State Board of Agriculture issues a Report each year, containing the statement of accounts, department reports, pro- ceedings at Institutes, proceedings and reports of the State Agricultural Society, and the register of meteorological observations at the College. A bulletin ia also issued each month, giving an account of agricultural experiments, and of other matters of interest to farmers. The College Speculum is published monthly during the academic year by the students. DAILY ROUTINE. The foUowing is the program for each day, except Saturday and Sunday : 6 A. M.-Moming bell. ':45 A. M.-Chapel exercises. 6:30 A. M.-Breakfast. « to 12 A. M.-Classes as in Table. ^ ^ j3 ^. M -study hours. 1 2 M.-Dinner. ] ^.Q 5 P_ ji. —Work and drill hours as per Table. 6 P. M.— Supper. 7PM —Study hours begin spring and fall terms (except on Fridays). 7-30 P. M.-Study hours begin summer term. On school days the Library is open from 8 to 12 in the morning, from 1 to 6 in the afternoon, and from 7 to 9 in the evening; on Sunday from 9 to 1' A M • and on Satm-day from 8 to 12 a. m. and 1 to 6 p. m. Dur- ing the summer term the evening hours are from 6:30 to 9:45 P. m. Gi Michigan State Agricultural College. Friday, 7 p. m. — Meeting of Mechanical Club in the mechanical lecture room on the first and third Friday of each month. Meeting of the Nat- ural History Society on the second Friday of each month. Saturday, 8 a. M — Meeting of Ward Captains and Lieutenants. Saturday, 11 a. m.^ — Study hours close for the day. Exercises on Sunday are as follows: 6:30 A. M.— Morning bell. 8:30 a. m.— Chapel exercises. 7 A. M.— Breakfast. 12 m. — Dinner. 3:30 P. M. — Sabbath services, conducted by some member of the Faculty or some one of the clergymen of Lansing. 1: 30 P. M. — Sunday school. .5:30 P. M. — Supper. 7 p. M. — Prayer meeting or lecture before the Young Men's Christian Association. GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. The College is located on the banks of the Red Cedar River, about three miles east of the city of Lansing. The buildings, mostly of brick, stand upon a slight eminence among the forest trees, which h.ave been purposely retained. The grounds about the college buildings and resi- dences have been laid out with considerable regard for ornamental effect. They are under the care of the Horticultural Department. APPENDIX. ENTRA.NCE EXAMINATION PAPEES. The following questions used in examination of candidates for admis- sion, are given merely as specimens to convey an idea of the scope of the examination in arithmetic and grammar. ARITHMETIC. 1. A speculator bought shares in a mining company when the stock was i per cent below par and sold the same when it was 28 per cent below par; what per cent did he lose on his investment ? 8. A and B are partners. A's capital is to B's as 5 to 8; at the end of six months A withdraws ^ of his capital, and B )^ of his; at the end of a year the whole gain is 84,000; how much belongs to each ? 3. Find the cube root of 30,625 to three decimal places. 4. Find the square root of 2 to two decimal places. •J. Reduce the following expression to an equivalent decimal: 4|— ^ ^ IJ + lOf + 16 6. From J of a mile take |J of a rod, and reduce the result to feet and decimals of a foot. 7. Find the greatest common divisor of 8278 and 4917. 8. A hoimd in pursuit of a fox runs 10 rods while the fox can run but 9. How far will the hound have to run if the fox has 80 rods the start? 9. How can avoirdupois weight be reduced to troy weight? Five hundred pounds troy weight is equal to what weight avoirdupois? 10. If 8 men mow 40 acres of grass in 3 days how many acres wiU 9 men mow in 4 days. 66 Michigan State Agkicultueal College. test qubstions in grammar. 1. Name and define the parts of speech. 2. Give the form and uses of the various cases of nouns and pronouns, 3. Define mood, tense, infinitive, participle, copula. 4. Classify verbs on basis of form and use. 5. Tell the use of the different moods and tenses. 6. What may be the subject of a verb ? object ? 7. Explain comparison. 8. How may a verb be modified ? 9. How may the predicate be completed ? 10. Define and exemplify simple sentence ; compound ; complex. 11. Define adjective clause ; adverbial ; substantive. 12. Construct sentences illustrating imperative mood; potential. 13. Construct sentences having infinitive as subject; as object; as adverb. 14. Illustrate use of appositive noun; possessive. 15. Give a synopsis of the verbs, to be; to have; to see. ManufacluteJ bu GAYLORD BROS. Inc. SyracuMi N. Y. Stockton, Cali^