1 11 -imX~ r- S^Gl. H.uVcV ^'S? I GB^'^13 :;iIil|iiiiii-vSiaitting PV-t FROM THE INCOME OF THE FISKE ENDOWMENT FUND THE BEQUEST OF Millar & STisks Librarian of the University 1 868-1 883 1905 3184 Intertibrafy The date show»when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the caUHo. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES. Alt Bocks 8ubiect to Recall. AH books must be LO^n returned at end of col- lege year for inspec- tion and repairs. Students must re- turn all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Bboks needed by t&ore than one person are held oil the reserve list. ' Volumes of periodi- cals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special purposes they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the bene- fit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to report all cases of books marked or muti- lated. Do not deface booki by marks and wrltlnK- *""niSimiMiim.?,.fi^"*''*s 0' St Olave Hart 3 1924 028 066 797 'ffD f Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028066797 THE ANNALS OF THE PARISHES OF ST. OLAVE HART STREET AND ALLH ALLOWS STAINING, IN THE CITY OF LONDON. INTEKIOK OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET 1894. THE ANNALS OF THE PARISHES OF ST. OLAVE HART STREET AND ALLHALLOWS STAINING, IN THE CITY OF LONDON. ECCLESIASTICALLY UNITED, A.D. 1870. BY THE REV. ALFRED PpVAH, D.D., Rector of the United Parishes, and Rural Dean of the East City. bonbon : BLADES, EAST & BLADES, 23, Abchhrch Lane, E.G. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & Co., Ld., 4, Stationers' Haix Court, E.C. 1894. A London : blades, East &■ Ulades, Trinters, 2^, Abchiirch Lane, E.C. TQ THE PARISHIONERS OF ST. olAve's hart street AND ALLHALLOWS' STAINING THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED, IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF MANY YEARS OF PERSONAL KINDNESS, BY THEIR FAITHFUL FRIEND AND RECTOR, ALFRED POVAH. THE PREFACE URING my long connection with the Parishes of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining, with the former Parish since the close of i860, with the latter since April, 1870, when the two were ecclesiastically united by an Order of Her Majesty in Council, it has been my desire to give to the world a history of these City Parishes. This desire is at length accomplished, and in the following pages will be found that which I have entitled " The Annals of the Parishes of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining." To avoid the difficulty arising from two contiguous Parishes having many points of resemblance, and of the second part of the work becoming a mere repetition mutatis mutandis of the first, not only is greater prominence given to the Parish of St. Olave, but under the head of Allhallows Staining those particulars are enlarged upon in which this Parish presents features of special interest. These mainly consist in the peculiar history of the Benefice, which underwent every possible change, except that of becoming a Vicarage, and in the Churchwardens' Books, which date from 1491, and with the exception of a few years, form a Parish Chronicle of four centuries. In the archives of St. Olave's will be found no documents of equal value ; the earliest Poor Rate Book xii THE PREFACE. bears date 1647 ; the Minutes of the Vestry and the Churchwardens' Accounts are not earlier than the beginning of the last century, 1706-7. On the other hand, the Registers of St. Olave Hart Street date from 1563; while those of Allhallows Staining have no entry prior to 1642, and at times are very defective. That St. Olave's Hart Street may well claim the fuller treatment will, I think, be admitted on several grounds, e.g., the survival of its Parish Church, one of the eight remaining London Churches that escaped the Great Fire ; the historic site of the monastery of the Crutched Friars, afterwards the site of the Navy Office ; the Trinity House on Tower Hill, the general Lighthouse authority for England and Wales ; and the great interest which attaches to the Parish in which Pepys resided during almost the whole time comprised in his Diary, and " to our owne church," with which in life and in death he was intimately associated. The authorities consulted in the preparation of this work, in addition to the Parish Records, are too numerous to be here mentioned in detail. Stow's " Survey of London " holds the first place. The first edition was published in 1598, the second in 1603, in the author's lifetime; various editions followed, among which special mention must be made of the edition of the Survey, in two folio volumes, by John Strype, published in 1720, and re-edited in 1754 and 1755. In 1842, William J. Thoms, F.S.A., produced an edition of the text of Stow, which, as being fairly accessible, is commonly referred to in this work, except where fuller details recommended Strype's edition. To Newcourt's Repertorium, published in 1708, I am much indebted. Newcourt was Registrar of the Bishop of London's Registry from 1669 to 1696, and his work, founded on official documents preserved in the Registry, is of very great value to anyone writing the history of a London parish. The Diary by Samuel Pepys is largely quoted, and in particular, his account of the Plague, contained in numerous passages, from his first allusion to it 30th April, 1665, till ist March, 1666, is presented in chap, xii, THE PREFACE. xiii I think for the first time, as a connected whole. Among modern writers, I am under special obligation to Mr. T. H. Riley, whose "Memorials" from the City Records are invaluable ; to Dr. Sharpe (a grandson, I may observe, of the Rev. Lancelot Sharpe, during 50 years Rector of Allhallows Staining), whose " Calendar of Wills proved and enrolled in the Court of Husting, London, from 1258 to 1688," is a rich mine for the explorer of London life during those four centuries ; to the Rev.W. J. Loftie, F.S. A., who has described for us London in its successive stages of growth ; and to Mr. Henry B. Wheatley, whose work, founded upon Cunningham's " London Past and Present," won for him a reputation, which his new edition of Pepys's Diary will still further establish. I should wish to record my obligations to all who have helped me in the compilation of this work. Among those who have passed away from us, I desire to mention my old friend, the Rev. Thomas Hugo, F.S. A., one of the ablest antiquaries and archaeologists of his day, and a kindred spirit, Mr. George Corner, F.S. A. ; and also a gentleman with whom I spent many hours in the perusal of our Parish Registers, Colonel Joseph L. Chester, editor of "The Registers and MSS. of Westminster Abbey." To all who in recent years have lightened my labours, I must tender my warmest acknowledgments, especially to the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D., F.S.A., Sub-Dean of St. Paul's; the Rev. W^ H. Milman, Minor Canon of St. Paul's, and Librarian of Sion College ; Mr. Charles Welch, F.S. A., Librarian to the Corporation of the City of London ; Mr. J. Watney, Clerk to the Mercers' Company, formerly Vestry Clerk of Allhallows Staining, who kindly offered me his copious extracts from the records of this Parish ; Mr. J. Challenor Smith, of the Probate Registry, who generously placed at my disposal his notes, illustrative of Newcourt's Repertorium ; Sir J. Parker Deane, Vicar-General of the Province of Canterbury, and Mr. J. Gaspard Fanshawe, of Parslowes, both descendants of " notable names " connected with St. Olave's ; A* xiv THE PREFACE. Mr. Edwin Freshfield, junior, F.S.A., for the illustration of our com- munion plate ; Mr. J. G. Bradford, in reference to heraldry and the Pedigree sketches ; and, lastly, the Rev. H. C. White, formerly chaplain at Paris, and more recently my fellow-labourer, for valuable suggestions and assistance in preparing this work for the press. A. P. St. Olave's Hart Street, London, E.G., 2ist November, 18^4. TABLE OF CONTENTS, CHAPTER I.— THE PARISH. Earliest recorded allusion to the Parish, 128^. Sioiv's description of the Parish bounds, !SgS. Hart Street, Mark Lane, jnentioned in 1277. Seething Lane. Crutched Friars' Monastery, izgS. Detailed statement of present area of Parish of St. Olave, p. 6. City Wards: — St. Olave's in the Tower and Aldgate Wards, Allhallows' Staining in Aldgate and Langbourn. Population of St. Olave's : the resident, 2j6 ; the business, 3,384^ Antiquities discovered since iSjg. pp. 1-12. CHAPTER II.— THE PARISH CHURCH. Dimensions of the Church. St. Olave's and seven other surviving London churches that escaped the Fire in 1666. Difficulty of tracing the history of old London Parishes further back than the 13th century. Domesday Survey, 1086. No London Church specified in it. The Court of Husting, London ; Calendar of Wills from J2j8. Mediceval Chroniclers and Monastic writers. The Fires of 1087 and 1136. Mention of the Parish Church in 1303, 1313 and 1328. A church at York dedicated to St. Olaf in or before lo^^. London Churclus dedicated to St. Olave (Olaf). Sketch of life of Olaf (ggs- 1030). The present Parish Church was btiilt mainly by Richard and Robert Cely, ^'principal builders," about 14S0. Description of the architecture. Condition of the Church in 1632. Account of repairs and restorations from 1661 to tSgi. pp. 13-38. CHAPTER III.— THE CHURCH FURNITURE. The Com?nunion Table. The Reredos in 1708. Present Reredos. Recent gifts to the Church : Font, Screen, Pulpit, Organs abolished in 1644. Pepys's intention in 1667 to present an Organ to St, Olave's. Present Organ built by Samuel Green, 1783. The Communion Plate. The Bells. The Clock. Sword Stands, detailed description of four in St. Olave's Church. The Churchyards and the principal Gateway. PP- 39-S2- CHAPTER IV.— THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. Interior of St. Olave's Church pi-ior to the Reformation. Altars or Chapels mentioned in Wills. Trade Fraternities or Guilds, predecessors of the City Companies. Fifteenth century gifts to the Church ; donors, Fermer, Bosard, and Corston. Chantries. Sir Richard Haddon's Chantry Bequest, IJ^S- Chantiy Certificates in the Recoid Office. Detailed list of Church goods ; Parish of St. Olave's, as certified by the Churchwardens of St. Olave's at the Guildhall in ISS^- Ritual of a Funeral at St. Olave's in 1337, " A paire of Organes " alluded to in 1308 and 1332. pp. 33-62. A* 2 xvi CONTENTS. CHAPTER v.— THE BRASSES. Short account, principally from "Stow," of ancient Monuments no longer existing in the Church, Memorials still existing. The Brasses:-!. Sir Richard Haildon, about 1324- H- Jo'"'- ""^ ^'^y"^ Orgone, 1JS4. III. George Schrader, 1605. IV. Sir Andrew Kiccard, 1672. V. Thomas Morley, ij66. PP- 63-74. CHAPTER VI.— MARBLE MONUMENTS. Monuments :-i. Sir James Deane. 2. Susan Lynn. 3. William Turner, M.D. , Dean of Wells. 4- P'tir Turtur, M.D. J. Sir John Mennes [Minns]. 6. Lady Anne Radcliffe. 7. Alderman fefferie Kerby. 8. Jane Humberstone. 9. John James. 10. Ludolph de Werder. 11. Elizabeth Pepys. 12. Andrew and Paul Bayning. 13. William Mills. 14. Peter Cappone. ij. Sir John Radcliffe. 16. Thomas Debuke. 17. Tobias Wall. iS. Christopher James Elsenhaimer. ig. Sir Andretu Riccard. pp. 75-99- CHAPTER VII.— MARBLE MONUMENTS. I. Samuel Pepys. Unveiling of Pepys's Monument on i8th March, 1884. Address by the Hotwurable J. Russell Lowell. 2. The Heraldic Wittdow in North Aisle. 3. Rev. David Laing. 4. David Robertson. S. Peter Pari Trovers. 6. Rev. John Manley Wood. 7. Richard Jackson. 8. Robert a,id Jane Tulloch. 9. Rev. Joseph Hutchinson Barber, jo. John Highlord. 11. Edward Henry Jones. 12. Edward Kendall Jones. 13. John Relph, M.D. 14. Rev. John Letts. /J-. Sir William Ogborne. 16. John Grenside. 17. Mary Travers. 18. Admiral Hardy man. ig. Stevens Dinelv Totton. 20. Elizabeth Gore. 21. Rev. H. Butts Owen, D.D. 22. Ralph Bradley. 23. John Watts, President of the Council of New York. 24. John Letts. PP- 100-120. CHAPTER VIII.— LEDGER STONES, Etc. MONUMENTS FROM ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. /. The Ledger stones in the Church, names thereon: — Henry Butts Owen, Daniel Mills, John Beare, Ann Russell, John Sansom, Ann Chitty, J. H. B., John Neiuton, Henry Davy, Elizabeth Willis, a. Inscriptions in the Churchyard. 3. Fifteen Momtments removed from Allhallows' Staining to St. Olave's in 1869-70, viz. , 1 . Emma Charlton. 2. William Frithe. 3. Alice Farewell. 4. Mary Bnuley. J. Rev. John Tancred. 6. Rev. William Hollaiui. 7. Rev. Daniel Fogg, D.D. 8. Thomas Potter. 9. Walter Ray. 10. Hugh Ingram. 11. Monkhouse Davison. 12. John Thistlewood. 13. Alexander Smyth. 14. Jane Mary Sharpe. 1$. Rev. Lancelot Sharpe. Wooden tablet recording benefaction of Mary Benam [Baynham], 1377. pp. 121-137. CHAPTER IX.— THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. Parish Registers, sketch showing their origin. Bishop KennetCs advice regarding Registers to the clergy of Peterboro' Diocese. The Registers of St. Olave^s from 136^ ; 13 volumes. Summary of Entries, T363-1893. The Baptismal Register. Some of the principal names mentioned in it : Sir Paul Bayning, Sir Philip Sidney, Devereiix Earl of Essex, Sir Henry Bo%iyer, Sir Henry Baker, Sir Thomas Savage, Sir Robert Knollys, William Fanshawe, Ann Harrison, aftcitoards Lady Fanshawe, Sir John Wolstcnholme, Sir Andrew Riccard, Sir Denny Ashburnham , Sir Anthony Deane, Sir William Buck, Sir John Narborough, Sir Thomas Pope Blunt, Sir William Booth, Jeffery Amherst, Sir ]Villiam Gore, Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Dr. Richard Meade, Sir John Heathcotc, and Sir William St. Quintin. pp. 13S-161. CONTENTS. xvii CHAPTER X.— THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. The Marriage Register. Some of the principal names in it. The Ven. John Parker, Archdeacon of Ely. Sir Harry Weston, Edward Buckeivoode, George Fleetiuood, Sir Richard Bingham, Edmund Verney, Sir John Poynt, Sir Thomas Hunt, Sir Henry Boiuyer, Sir Stephen Thornhurst, Sir Arthur Harris, William Fansha'tve, Sir John Suckling, Sir Robert Knollys, John Ayliffe, Edward Dacres, John Heath, Thomas Pope Blunt, Sir Charles Peers. pp. i62-iji. CHAPTER XI.— THE BURIAL REGISTER. The Burial Register. Some of the principal names : Thomas Morley, Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells, Sir John Radcliffe, Mary Benam \_Baynham\ Elizabeth Bayning, Lady Sidney, Dr. Hector, Dr. Barron, Augustine Bassano, Sir James Deane, Lord Ltimley, Andrew Bayning, Sir William Ryder, Peter Turner, Christopher James Elsenhaimer, Paul Bayning, Sir Thomas Glover, Alice Hull, Viscount Stidbury, Jefferie Kerby, Rev. John Simpson, Viscount Savage, Sir John Wolstenholme, Alderman John Highlord, Rev. Abraham Hane \^Hayne\, Dr. Gibbons, RezK John Frost, George Penn, Mary Ramsey, Sir William Batten, Elizabeth Pepys, Sir John Mennes \_Minns'\, Sir Andrew Riccard, John Pepys, Lady Ann Deane, Rev. Datiiel Mills, Sir Robert Knightley, Samuel Peyps [Pepys'} and Elizabeth Boulter. pp. iy2-igj. CHAPTER XII.— THE PLAGUE. The three great Plagues of 1349, ^361, and ijdg, specified in the Landsdowne MSS. The Plagues of i^oj and 1S17. Prior to i66j, the Burial Register of St. Olave's supplies evidence of five visitations of the Plague, viz., in 1^63, 1J78, IS93-, ^603 and 1623. The Plague of j66j-6. The first fatal case in St. Olave's parish, July 24th, Mary Ramsey. Pepys'' s Account of the Plague, passages from his Diary, April 30th, i66j to March ist, 1666. pp. 194.-21 S. CHAPTER XIII.— THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. Collections for various objects made in St. Olave^s Church, 1642-1707. Collections by ** Orders of Warrante.'" Royal Briefs. A Brief for rebuilding St. Patifs Cathedral, 4th April, 1680. The Vestry Minute Books, 1707-1819: Orders relating to Pews; the Churchyards ; the Poor aiui Parish Workhouse ; the Afternoon Lecttireship ; office of Churchwarden, Fines on refusing to serve ; the custody of the keys of chests containing Communion Plate or Parish Deeds ; Levies of men for the Navy ; Poor Rate ; Miscellaneous. Poor Rate Books 1647-1699. Deeds of Parish Estates ; Disposition of Lord Bayning's property, 1629; also, that of his Son in 1638. pp. 216-238. CHAPTER XIV.— THE ADVOWSON. CITY TITHES. The advowson of the benefice of St. Olave's. Names of former owners. Lady de Nevyll, Richard Cely, Lord Windsor, Sir Andrew Riccard. Sir Andrew's gift of the advoivson to the parish. — The advowson is now vested in Nine Trustees elected by the Vestry. Erection and endowment of St. Olave's, Alile End New Town, in /87J. Explanation regarding the error " the Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street with St. Nicholas ad Macellas." City Tithes: in 1228 a charge of 3s. 4d. in the £1 on the rental of houses, shops, etc.: in 1S46, 37 Henry VLII, Cap. 12, a chaige of 2s. gd. in the £1, Till 1794, the tithes of St. Olave's were tinder £300 a year. At the beginning of the present century. Dr. Butts Owen applied more strictly the provisions of 37 Henry VIII, Cap. 12. This matter definitely settled by the London (City) Tithes Act, 1864. pp. 239-248. xviii CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV.— RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. List of Rectors of St. Olave's since the year i^ig. Further details concerning some of these, and length of their tenure, viz.: i. John Bosard, ijgS-14.04 ; 2. Richard Rawson, ISIO-IS'S ; 3. John Johnson, iS30-^JJ7 ; 4- John Simpson, 1S90-1633 ; 5. John Frost, i6jj-i6jy ; 6. Daniel Mills, i6$y-i68g; 7. Henry Otven, iy6o-i7 the re-building of the high altar in Allhallaius' Church. Summary description of four of the Churchwardens' Books, viz., the three narrow folios and the folio called the thick book. These books should be of value to the student of past thases of London life. pp, 3JJ-372. Appendix 375-418. For "Contents of Appendix," see p. 374. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN, per R. Holmes, Esq., F.S.A., The Royal Library, Windsor Castle. The Lord Bishop of London (Dr. Temple). The Corporation of London, per Charles Welch, Esq., P\S.A., Guildhall Library. The Corporation of Trinity House. The Worshipful Companyof Clothworkers. The Worshipful Company of Fishmongers. (Large paper.) The Worshipful Company of Grocers, per R. V. Somers-Smith, Esq., Grocers' Hall. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers. (Large paper.)- The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors. Science and Art Department, South Kensington. E. G.Abrahams, Esq., 5, Northumberland Alley, Fenchurch Street. John Aste, Esq., Rosslea, South Norwood Hill, S.E. Thos. F. Aukland, Esq., Lloyd's. George Baker, Esq., 66, Mark Lane. (Large paper.) Mrs. Banning, 34, Penywern Road, Earl's Court. Mrs. Barber, s.Westlands Rd., Balham (2 cops.). E. Jackson Barron, Esq., F.S.A., 55, Lincoln's Inn Fields. B Bates, Esq., Clothworkers' Hall. (Large paper.) Battersea Public Library, per Lawrence Inkster, Esq., Librarian. Rev. W. Benham, B.D., F.S.A., Rector of St. Edmund the King, and Hon. Canon of Canterbury (2 copies). J. N. Bishop, Esq., 13, Coopers'. Row, Tower Hill. (Large paper.) R. H. Blades, Esq., F.R.G.S., The Firs, Wor- cester Road, Sutton, Surrey. Sir A. W. Blomfield, A.RA., 28, Montagu Square, W. Rev. J. M. S. Brooke, F.R.G.S., Rector of St. Mary Woolnoth. George Burt, Esq., 37, Grosvenor Road, Westminster. Rev. A. J. Carver, D.D., Hon. Canon of Rochester, Lynnhurst, Streatham Common. Edward Chapman, Esq., 57, Fore Street, Cripplegate. Jno. W. Chipchase, Esq., 49, Approach Road, Victoria Park. Robert Clark, Esq., "Church View," 10, Palmerston Road, Walthamstow. Henry V. Clements, Esq., Churchwarden of AUhallows Staining, 7, Mark Lane. (Large paper.) Bryan Corcoran, Esq., 31, Mark Lane, E.C. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Stephen Darby, Esq., Cookham Dean, Maidenhead. (Large paper.) G. S. Dare, Esq., S, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill. Messrs. Davison, Newman & Co, 57, Fen- church Street. J. C. Dawson, Esq., Churchwarden of All- hallows' Staining, 19, Mark Lane. Sir J. Parker Deane, Q.C, D.C.L , The Vicar General, 16, Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park. (Large paper.) Dr. Walter Dickson, R.N., 32, Belvedere Road, Upper Norwood. Sir Joseph C. Dimsdale, Alderman of Cornhill Ward, 50, Cornhill. Mrs. T. W. Elliott, 26, Tavistock Square. (Large paper.) W. O. Forrester, Esq., 43, Hans Place, Chelsea. (Large paper.) Sir Reginald Hanson, Bart., M.P., LL.D., F.S.A., Alderman of Billingsgate Ward. C. E. H. Chadwvck-Healey, Esq., Q.C., 119, Harley Street. (Large paper.) F. R. H. Heawood, Esq., 11, Savage Gardens, Tower Hill. (2 copies.) Messrs. R. & J. Hewetson, i, Catherine Court, Tower Hill. W. Neave Hill, Esq., 89, Queen's Gate, S.W. Robert Honey, Esq., 5, Trinity Square, Tower Hill. Robert Hovenden, Esq., F.S.A., Heathcote, Park Hill Road, Croydon. (Large paper.) W. C. H. Hunt, Esq., Churchwarden of St. Olave's, Hart Street, Brewers' Quay. Rev. A. J. Ingram, Rector of St. Margaret, Lothbury, and Prebendary of Lincoln. James Innes, Esq., J.P., Roffey Park, Horsham. Messrs. Irvine, Hodges & Borrowman, The Rectory, 8, Hart Street, Mark Lane. Francis James, Esq., F.S.A., 190, Cromwell Road, S.W. Richard Jehu, Esq., 33, Mark Lane. (Large paper.) W. J. Johnston, Esq., C.C, 10, Hart Street, Mark Lane. C. C. Jones, Esq., 89, Chancery Lane. James S. Kingdon, Esq., 34, Bedford Row. (Large paper.) Sir Stuart Knill, Bart., LL.D., Alderman of the Ward of Bridge Within, Lord Mayor 1892-3. (Large paper.) R. A. Laing, Esq., 14, Mincing Lane, E.C. Lieut.-Col. George Lambert, F.S.A., 10, Coventry Street, W. Charles Fell Lancaster, Esq., Silverdale, Vale of Health, Hampstead. (Large paper.) I. H. Lloyd, Esq., 6, Lime Street, E.C. Samuel Lupton, Esq., 10, Savage Gardens, Tower Hill. Geo. W. Marshall, Esq., LL.D., F.S.x^., Rouge Croix, Heralds' College. Charles T. Marzetti, Esq., 9, John Street, Minories. Rev. A. J. Mason, D.D., Vicar of Allhallows, Barking, and Hon. Canon of Canterbury. Rev. A. R. Maddison, M.A., F.S.A., Vicar's Court, Lincoln. Rev. W. H. MiLMAN, Rector of St. Augustine's, Minor Canon of St. Paul's, and Librarian of Sion College. Edward Nash, Esq, M.A., LL.B., F.S.A., Merchant Taylors' Hall. H, J. Newman, Esq., M.A., Churchwarden of St. Olave's Hart Street, 27, Crutched Friars. (Large paper.) John Norhukv, Esq., 5, Throgmorton Street. E, Norman, Esq., 68, Lombard Street. Philip Norman, Esq., F.SA., Evelyn Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Rev. John Noyes, M.A., Rector of Allhallows, Bromley-by-Bow, E. Wyatt Papworth, Esq., Curator of Sir John Soane's Museum. Major J. Roper Parkington, F.R.G.S., 24, Crutched Friars. R. W. Parker, Esq., Vestry Clerk of St. Olave's, Hart Street, 3, New London Street. Henry Pfungst, Esq., F.S.A., 23, Crutched Friars. Messrs. J. L. Pfungst & Co., 23, Crutched Friars. Sir Henry Peek, Eastcheap. Theophilus Pitt, Esq., A.K.C., F.G.S., 143, Minories. John Pound, Esq., J.P., Alderman of Aldgate Ward. Edwin H. Povah, Esq., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. (Large paper.) Frederick G. A. Povah, Esq., 15, Gilston Road, South Kensington. (Large paper.) John Povah, Esq., 30, Castellain Road, Maida Vale. (Large paper.) Sir Walter S. Prideaux, Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane. A. Purssell, Esq., g, Belsize Grove, N.W. H. Scott Ritchie, Esq., 25, Crutched Friars. J. T. Ritchie, Esq., Alderman of Tower Ward, 6, Lime Street. Charles Robert Rivington, Esq., F.S.A., I, Fenchurch Buildings. Sir Owen Roberts, D.C.L., F.S.A., Cloth- workers' Hall, Mincing Lane. (Large paper.) S. Wilson B. Row, Esq., 21, Highbury Hill. Sir Joseph Savory, Bart., M.P., Alderman of Langbourn Ward. J. E. Shearman, Esq., M.A., 10, Idol Lane (2 copies). J. T. Smith, Esq., F.S.L, The Dale, Tatton Park, Knutsford. (2 copies, large paper). H. H. W. Sparham, Esq., M.A., 27, Crutched Friars. (Large paper.) Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D.,F.S. A., Rector of St. Vedast and Sub.-Dean of St. Paul's. Chas. E. Smith, Esq., C.C, 11, Jewry Street. (2 copies ) J. Challenor Smith, Esq., Chief Probate Registry, Somerset House. E. Russell Thompson, Esq., Trinity Bonded Warehouses, Coopers' Row, Tower Hill. John A. Tilleard, Esq., Vestry Clerk of Allhallows Staining, 4, Lombard Court. Jno. W. Trist, Esq., F.S.A., F.S.L, 62, Old Broad Street. Sir George R. Tyler, Bart., Alderman of Queenhithe, Lord Mayor 1893-4. George Unwin, Esq., 27, Pilgrim Street, Lud- gate Hill. (Large paper.) William J. Verry, Esq., 41, Seething Lane. (Large paper.) Dr. C. Rotheram Walker, Gainsboro' House, Leytonstone. John Watney, Esq., F.S.A., Mercers' Hall, Cheapside. (Large paper.) Percy H. Watts, Esq., i, Oakley Villas, Howard Street, Bedford. H. R. Williams, Esq., J. P., 6, Lime Street. M. F. Woodley, Esq., 31, Cambridge Square, Hyde Park. Sir Albert Woods, Garter, K.C.M.G., C.B., F.S.A., Heralds' College. Mrs. Woolcott, The Trinity House, Tower Hill. Leonard Wrightson, Esq., Trinity Ware- houses, Coopers' Row, Tower Hill. Howard Young, Esq., LL.B., 29, Mark Lane. Percy Young, Esq., 60, Mark Lane. Sidney Young, Esq., F.S.A. , 15, Alwyne Road, Canonbury. (Large paper.) T. Pallisfer Young, Esq., B.A., LL.B., 29, Mark Lane. (2 copies, one large). Thos. Young, Esq., 29, Mark Lane. THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. THE PARISH CHAPTER 1. Earliest recorded allusion to the Parish, 1284. Stow's description of the Parish bounds, 1598. Hart Street. Mark Lane, mentioned in I2y/. Seething Lane. Crutched Friars' Afonastery, I2g8. Detailed statement of present area of Parish of St. Olave, p. 6. City Wards .- — St. Olave's in the Tower and Aldgate Wards, Allhallows' Staining in Aldgate and Langbourn. Population of St. Olave's : the resident, 236 ; the business, 3,384. Antiquities discovered since l8^g. HE Parish of St. Olave Hart Street, is designated in our earliest Registers, a.d. 1563, as St. Olave in Hartestreete. In common with the parishes of Allhallows Barking and St. Dunstan in the East, it was in older records known as "iux turrim," or "juxta turrim," i.e., "next or towards the Tower" of London. It is so described, and this is the earliest document in which I have found the Parish mentioned, in the will of Henry Le Botiner,' proved in the Court of Husting, A.D. 1283-4, i" which he leaves to Agnes, his sister, for life, four houses towards Woderovelane,^ in the Parish of St. Olave towards the Tower, with remainder to Geoffrey, her son, his heirs and assigns. After the founding of the monastery of the Crutched Friars, about 1298, the Parish was usually styled "iux domu fratru ordinis see cruc," ' "Calendar of Wills Proved and Enrolled in the Court of Husting, London, edited by R. R. Sharpe, D.C.L., 1889 and 1891. Part i, 1258-1358; part ii, 1358-1688." This work is referred to when wills in that Court are mentioned. It should be noted that P. C. C.=Prerogative Court of Canterbury ; Hust.=the Court of Husting ; Comm. Ct.=the Commissary Court ; test, refers to a person's will, and the date marks the year in which it was proved. ''See also p. 16, the Will of Theobald le Hurer, no date, but proved 1303. Hust. B 2 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. "beside the house of the Brethren of the Holy Cross," as in the will of Henry Wymond, woolmonger, proved 19th May, 1349,' directing tene- ments in the Parish to be sold for pious and charitable uses. In the will, however, of Robert Motun,' year 1320, St. Olave's is described as being near Martelane ; while in that of William Wyngefeld,' year 1418, the phrase is in Martelane. "Olave," it may be observed, was usually written Olaf, but "Olouf," occurs in Elyas Le Toundor's will, 1316-17;= and, Thomas Miller, fuller, 1507-8,' bequeaths the reversion of a quit rent issuing from a tenement in Martlane in the parish of St. Oloffes for pious uses in the parish church. The following is Stow's description of the parish bounds in the year 1598. " Now for the limits and bounds of the Parish, they go on from the Church West, and turning downe on the East side of Mart-lane crosse the way over to Sir Henry Bakers house, and so go up on the West side, till turning into Hart-street they goe on into Sydon-lane so farre as their marke standeth, on the house of Sir Nicholas Salter, joyning to theirs of Barking Parish. Then they goe over on the west side, and so passe downe Crochet Friers to Tower hill, to the further part of the Lady Lumleys garden wall, and the backe gate of the foresaid Sir Nicholas, where turning backe to Porters house, and going on northward they goe into an Alley, which guideth them to the north end of Master Covels garden, and there they fix their marke by theirs of Barking, on London Wall. "So returning againe, they goe up towards Aldgate on the East side, so far as directly against the signe of the Cocke, returning backe on the West side, to the pumpe in Crochet Friers and then to the place where they began." 3 Those who know the parish will appreciate the accuracy with which this brief survey of it is made. Stow naturally starts from the Church in Hart Street, and, perhaps it may be thought that this should have been the starting point of our work, and that, in order of precedence, the subjects of chapters i and ii should have changed places. There is no doubt ' P.C.C, 43. March. M-Iust. "The " Survey of London," begun by Slow, 1598, enl.irgeil by A.M. [Anthony Miinday], 1618, finished by A.M., H.D. [Henry Dyson], &c., this present year, 1633, p. 137a. Stow's Survey, 1598, edited by W. J. Thorns, 1842, is the edition referred to throughout this book, except where otherwise specially stated. THE PARISH. 3 something to be said for this view, but the terrain existed before the Parish Church, and also the street upon which on its eastern side the church abuts, viz., Seething Lane, for it was through following the line of the street, that this church, and, for a similar reason, others in the City, came to be built askew. We have evidence, too, of a period prior to the erection of a Christian temple in the discovery, some thirty years ago, in the immediate neighbourhood, of relics known as the Deze Matronae, indicating probably the site of a Roman shrine, sacellum, upon which more will be said in the latter part of this chapter. For these reasons, then, I give, rather reluctantly, the Parish the precedence. Hart Street now consists of a very few houses ; originally, however, it extended eastward as far as a well' in the middle of the highway at the west or lower end of Jewry Street. The earliest references to Hart Street that I have found are in Atte Welle's will,^ 1352, where it is spelt Herthstrete, and in Tromy's,^ 1463, Hertstrete also called Smythen-strete, but I have not met with another instance of this latter name. There is an old tradition in the parish, that Hart Street stands for Heart Street. This popular opinion is by some thought to be sup- ported by the existence of four old pewter alms-basons engraved with S.O.S. and a heart in the centre. A few yards to the west of the Church is Mark Lane, a corruption of Mart Lane, so called from having originally enjoyed the privilege of holding a market there, and, though this privilege has long since been abolished, Mark Lane is still the centre of the corn trade. Very early mention of this street occurs in a Coroner's Roll of the fourth year of Edward \, 1276-7, when inquisition was made as to one Richard de Parys, chaloner,-* lying dead in the house of Roger le Chaloner, in Marte lane, and, no doubt in the parish of St. Olave ; for the death occurred in the Ward= of William de Hadestok, i.e., Tower, and " good men of that Ward " and of Langbourn and Aldgate Wards were summoned to the inquest. Had it 'This well is referred in Bur. Reg., August 9th, 1564, see chapter xi. ^Hust. ^P.C.C. 'Maker of chalons (whence "shalloons"), used for blankets. *Tower Ward, each Ward being then usually called after its Alderman. P 3 4 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. happened in Barking or St. Dunstan's — a part of Mark Lane is in either of these parishes — then "good men" of other wards, Billingsgate, &c., would have been on the jury. See Riley's ''Memorials of London, from the Early Archives of the City of London, I2'j6-i^ig" page 9. The next reference to Martelane and to a parishioner with the name of his house, is in 131 1, when Peter de Blakeney directs his tenement called Blakelofte, on the west side of Martelane' towards the Tower, and another on the east side of the same street to be devoted to the maintenance of a chantry in Berkyngcherch.^ An extract, too, is given by Mr. Riley from the will of one Robert Jober, 1369, who left his two sons a rental of 25^-. lo^d. from a certain tenement in Martelane. As the principal buildings in the Parish are described in chapter xvii, we need not now tarry longer in Mark Lane, but shall retrace our steps with Stow, and "goe on into Sydon Lane" as he calls it. It is doubtful whether that was the name from which Seething Lane, as he conjectures, was derived, but it appears for the first time in the City records, 1 28 1, under the name Sieuthenestrate or Suiethenstrate. Ten years afterwards, i.e., in 1291, " Le Gode"^ (Gunnilda called) left to Alice, her daughter, and John, her son, her tenement in the parish of St. Olave, in a street called Sivendestret. Also, 2 Edw. II, 1309, John de Lue, a knight, departing for the Holy Land appears before the Chamberlain, making disposition of a rent of forty shillings per annum from houses and a tenement in Syuethenelane, with power of attorney to Elizabeth, his dear partner.'* Passing over seventy-one years from the last reference, we have an interesting entry, with another variety of the name, viz., Syuendenlane. It is a grant of leave, 5 Richard II, 1381, to one Sir Robert Knolles and Constance his wife, to build a hautpas^ 14 feet high, from their house on the west side of the lane, to another belonging to them on the east side, beyond the land of Syuendenlane, in the parish of All Hallows Berkyngchirche, they rendering yearly to the Chamberlain of the Guildhall, ■ Historical Com : g"'- Rep. p. 46a "la BlaUcIofte " and " Martel Lane." 'Allhallows, Barking. 'Hygt. 'compa^te. 'Oi half ace, a room or floor raised on pillars underneath, and extending into the street, THE PARISH. S on behalf of the commonalty, one red rose at the Feast of St. John the Baptist (24th June), called the Nativity.' This must have been an ancestor of the Sir Robert KnoUys who was a witness to the baptism of the Earl of Essex, afterwards the Parliamentary General; and from the references in our registers to several members of the Knollys family, I infer that some part of the residence of Sir Robert KnoUes was in our parish. Sir Francis Walsingham, the Earl of Essex, and " Sir John Allen, sometime mayor of London, and of council unto King Henry VIII," also resided in this lane, and Samuel Pepys in the Navy Office, during most of the period, 1 660- 1 669, comprised in the Diary. In 1720 "it was a place of no great account,"^ and now, although "Mark Lane Station" (really Seething Lane) causes it to be much frequented, its name, I believe, is very little known. It rejoices, however, in two churches of historical interest— All Hallows Barking, and St. Olave. We return, then, to " Crochet Friars," as Stow terms it, so called after the building of the great monastery, but previously known as Hart Street. We learn of this change of name from a will proved at the beginning of the fourteenth century, when tenements were described as in the parish of St. Olave and near the Brethren of the Holy Cross by the Tower, e.g.: 1315,3 Cecilia de la More, test., and again in the next century, 1410-11,^ Mendeham, test. A tenement in Crutched Friars is minutely described in 1386, as a brewery kept by John at Cok on the Hop,"* adjoining the monastery of the Brethren of the Holy Cross. Of this we should probably never have known, had not one Thomas Stokes been charged with marking, when he had no right, there and at other houses, barrels full of ale, with a mark called " arewede," ^ saying that they were for the royal household, and with falsely receiving sums of money. Poor Stokes pleaded guilty, and was put upon the pillory for one hour of the day. It is an amusing piece of police news of five hundred years ago. Stow takes us, in his rapid survey next to Tower Hill, i.e., along what is now Crutched Friars, as far as Coopers' Row, formerly called ' Riley's " Memorials," p. 453. ^Strype. ^Hust. * "At Cock on the Hoop," the sign of the house. Riley's " Memorials," p. 89. * Arrow-head, the government mark still. THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Woodroffe Lane (already referred to as Woderovelane, in a.d. 1283-4), then the only entrance to "Great Tower Hill." The boundaries of the parish to the West being noted, " Lady Lumley's garden-wall, etc., and eastward our mark on London Wall"; "returning againe they goe up towards Aldgate," along what is now the north-east end of Crutched Friars, and a part of Jewry Street, but what was "in the olden time" Poor Jewry Lane, with scarcely any houses on the side next the City wall, but with a few cottages on the west side inhabited by poor Jews. In Stow's Itinerary, the furthest point eastward, towards Aldgate, was "directly against the sign of the Cocke," at the corner of George Street and Jewry Street, and not far from the " Cok on the Hop." In 1286,' Robert de Coryngham left to his daughters, shops, etc., in the parish of St. Olave towards Alegate, near Cristemerelond, and else- where, and to the conduit of Berkynke 2s. annual quitrent of shops in the said parish. I am unable, however, to throw much light upon the locale referred to, except that it must have been in or near Poor Jewry Lane. At the present time, within the limits of the Parish, are Hart Street, New London Street, a part of the London and Blackwall Railway Station and rail- way, the whole of Crutched Friars (with French Horn Yard and French Ordinary Court), part of the East and West India Dock Company's warehouses in Crutched Friars and Seething Lane, part of what was the site of the Company's ware- houses = on the north side of Crutched Friars as far as the west side of North- umberland Alley; Jewry Street to the corner of George Street ; John Street, N-- 1-9, on the north side, and on the south from the Fenchurch Street Railway Station (so called) to the back of America Square ; Coopers' Row ; the Trinity H Hust. = The land is now waste. 11 RI, IKINITY SQUARE. ouse; Savage &0 ^ ? ^ "^ s a &? !% ^ ?flirig THE PARISH. Gardens; N°- 5, Trinity Square; and N°- i, Muscovy Court. In Mark Lane, on the east side, the Parish comprises part of the Corn Exchange (Old and New), with the houses to the north as far as Hart Street ; and on the west side, it extends northward from N°- 34 to the Commercial Sale Rooms. It is considerably larger than most of the parishes in the City, being eleven acres in extent, and the irregular form of the parish is indicated by the number of boundary marks, ninety-six in all, the two earliest of which are dated 1708. The perambulation takes place at Ascensiontide, every third year, as is customary in the City. As we are describing the boundaries of the Parish, it may be well to speak of its municipal limits, and, to prevent repetition under this head, to here include the parish of Allhallows Staining, which was united, for ecclesiastical purposes with St. Olave's in 1870. The greater part of the parish of St. Olave is in the Ward of Aldgate, but the Church is situ- ated in the Ward of Tower, while Allhal- lows' Staining forms a part of Langbourn and Aldgate. The reason for this overlapping is that the division of the City into wards, somewhat resembling that of the county into hundreds, runs back as far as Anglo-Saxon times, and preceded the division into parishes. With one exception, therefore, that of Bassishaw (originally Bassieshawe, the ward of the Bassies), where the Parish of St. Michael is coterminous with the ward, the parochial are quite independent of the municipal boundaries. So it is JOHN STREET, MINORIES. 8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. with our two united Parishes. St. Olave's is included in Tower Ward, and Aldgate, and Allhallows' Staining in Langbourn and Aldgate. Of these three Wards, Tower Ward, the first of the wards mentioned by Stow, takes its name, of course, from the Royal fortress, the Tower of London ; though it was always a matter of great debate whether the fortress itself was within the City, till the 13 James I, when it became necessary to decide upon the place where the murderers of Sir Thomas Overbury should be tried, and it was then finally adjudged what portion of the Tower was within the City of London, and what was without the City of London. Tower Ward is of considerable extent, being bounded on the north by Fenchurch Street, on the south by the Thames, on the east by Tower Hill, and on the west by Billingsgate. It returns eight Members of the Court of Common Council. The Alderman is James Thompson Ritchie, Esq., elected in 1891, upon the death of Henry Gray, Esq., who had succeeded Alderman Finnis. The Ward of Aldgate, the second ward described by Stow, is also one of the larger wards, and returns eight Members of the Court of Common Council. John Pound, Esq., Citizen and Leatherseller, was unanimously elected Alderman in 1892, in succession to Sir Andrew Lusk, Bart., an octogenarian, yet vigorous, then chosen Alderman of Bridge Without. Aldgate is commonly supposed to be identical with Old Gate, but Mr. Loftie states, that in a document at St. Paul's Cathedral, which must have been written before 11 15, the name is spelt Alegate.' The "d" was inserted from a mistaken notion, first by Stow, and after him by Stukeley, and the word was written Ealdgate. If this had ever been its name it would now be Oldgate, not Aldgate, just as Old Street, St. Luke's, was anciently Eald Street, the name which is still borne by a prebendal stall in St. Paul's.^ The general boundaries of the ward are Bevis Marks, and Duke's Place, Crutched Friars, the Minories, St. Mary Axe, and Lime Street. Langbourn Ward derives its name from "Langborne, so called of the long bourne of sweet water, which of old time breaking out into ' Alegate=Allgate, i.e., gate for all, free of toll. '^See Loftie's " Historic Towns," London, p. 8i. THE PARISH. 9 Fenchurch Street, ran clown the same street and Lombard Street to the west end of the Church of St. Mary Woohioth, where, turning south, and breaking into small shares, rills, or streams, it left the name of Share borne lane,' or Southborne Lane, as I have read, because it ran south to the river of Thames." Stow, p. 75. This Ward runs east and west from Lombard Street to Mark Lane. It returns nine members of the Court of Common Council, presided over by Sir Joseph Savory, Bart., M.P., Citizen and Goldsmith, elected Alder- man, 1883; Sheriff, 1882; Lord Mayor, 1890. His predecessor was Sir Sidney-Hedley Waterlow, Bart., Sheriff, 1866; Lord Mayor, 1872. The resident population in St. Olave's parish, according to the census of 1891, numbered 236. It consists for the most part of caretakers and their families, and has considerably decreased since the year 1801 ; but the parish has never, I think, had a large resident population, considering that it is eleven acres in extent. During the Plantagenet period, a fourth part of the City is said to have been occupied by ecclesiastical houses, and in St. Olave's, the great monastery of Crutched Friars must have covered a large part of the parish. Occasionally, too, we find gardens as well as messuages in our parish bequeathed in the wills of that time, e.g., St. Saviour, "courreour,"'' 1331,' left to his wife two messuages and a garden, in the parish of St. Olave, towards the Tower ; and Tromy, already quoted, directed that the fee simple of two tenements with a garden in Marclane should be conveyed to his sister Elizabeth. During the Tudor period we have clear proof that gardens were attached to the houses of the nobility, e.g., of the Earl of Northumberland, first in Crutched Friars, then in Fenchurch Street, at this end of the City ; and of their successors, the merchant princes. Lady Lumley's and Master Covel's gardens have been mentioned. The Decree 37 Henry VIII, touching ' Now Sherborne Lane. "^VzV^-burne {scir, a share; scrir-anio divide) is the more likely etymology." H. B. Whealley. Bourne, borne, are forms of burn. "The primitive and prevailing sense of the Teutonic word is spring, fountain." Murray's New Diet. Sherborne Lane is described as Schittebourne lane, William Palmere, tapicer, test., 1348-9, Ilust. ''See Ducange Glossary, vii, p. Il6b. Fr. Courreour, Corroyeur, and ii, p. S^Ja, Conreatores^qui pelles parant:=curriers. ' Hust. C 10 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. the payment of Tithes, ss. xlv and xv, with its special regulations as to the gardens in the City, held for pleasure or for profit, containing half an acre or more, etc., shows how common they were and what ground they covered. Even as late as 1865 there was one house standing in Mark Lane,' with its courtyard and fountain in the centre; at the beginning of the century there were not a few similarly situated. All this implies that there was not a large population in proportion to the area. The earliest indication of a "census" of St. Olave's is to be found in the Chantry Certificate, No. 34, quoted on p. 58, chapter iv, in which it is stated that " ther is of Howselying' people w'in the seid pische the nomber of iiij*^xxxv."3 This was in the year 1552. A summary of the census returns of Allhallows Staining and St. Olave's, both of the number of houses and of the resident population, from 1801 to 1891 inclusive, is given in the Appendix. BUSINESS POPULATION OF ST. OLAVE'S. From a return published by the Parochial Trustees of St. Olave's Hart Street, for the purpose of pressing upon the Charity Commissioners (City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883), the claims of the parish for consideration in respect of persons employed, though not resident therein (which, however, were unsuccessfully urged), it appears that there were 659 principals, 1,222 clerks, 1,503 servants or other employes — total 3,384 persons. ANTIQUITIES DISCOVERED SINCE 1859. THE DE^ MATRON/E. — This curious piece of sculpture, to which reference has been made in this chapter, is a fragment of a group of three draped figures with baskets of fruit, and was discovered in 1859, ' Occupied by the late George Voiing, Esq., also at that time of Apsley Towers, Isle of Wight. M-Iowselying=comniunicants. See Dr. Lee's Glossary. Also c/. " iin/iauseM, disappointed, unaneld." — " Hamlet," Act i, sc. 5. " So the Stately Queen abode For many a week, unknown among the nuns ; Nor with them mix'd, nor told her name, nor sought. Wrapt in her grief, for housel, or for shrift." Tennyson, Guinivcre. ' In Allhallows' Staining the Chantry Cert, gives iiij^^xxiiij " Howselying people. ANTIQUITIES DISCOVERED SINCE 1859. u during excavations for a sewer in Hart Street among the debris of Roman buildings. These are usually taken to be figures of the Des Matres, or Matronse, part of a votive altar/ but an able paper was read before the London and Middlesex Archjeological Society, on March 12th, 1866, in which it was suggested that they were impersonations of provinces, the baskets containing treasures — the tribute money of Roman times. Amongst other discoveries of relics in this parish, the most interesting is the portion of the ancient wall of London, which was brought to light in 1864, in preparing for the erection of a warehouse in Coopers' Row for the firm of Messrs. Barber and Co., of Brewer's Quay. The length of this piece of wall is io6-ft. 6-in., the lower part, consisting of rubble, chalk and flints, is Roman, the upper part is mediaeval. A full account of this ancient wall is given in the Transactions of London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, vol. iii, p. 52. Mention should here be made of the discovery, while the same works were in progress, of large quantities of human bones, inter- mixed with clay pipes. These plague pipes, as they are called, were, it is supposed, used by persons burying such as died of the pestilence, and were thrown into a pit promiscuously. A few coins were found at the same time. A year or two before the last mentioned relics were discovered, the Trinity Bonded Tea Warehouses in Coopers' Row were erected on part of the site of the Crutched Friars' Monastery. It is not, therefore, surprising that antiquities of some interest were found in laying the foundations. From memoranda furnished by Mr. Wrightson, one of the firm for which the warehouses were built, it appears that at the back of the Trinity House the workmen came upon some Pilgrims' Bottles, engrained with the salts of the earth, beautiful in colour, green, blue, purple, etc. In 1 87 1, Roman and mediaeval antiquities were found in Mark Lane, consisting of figured Samian pottery and fragments of ancient glass. In 1882, during excavations at 20, Mark Lane, a number of fragments of alabaster sculptures, it is supposed of the fourteenth century, were unearthed, for the most part, representations of sacred subjects, and originally part of a shrine or a reredos. There are one or two figures ' London and Middlesex Archseological Society, vol. i, p. 353. C 2 12 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. in armour, and traces of colouring appear in some of the fragments. The most interesting are — I. A group of seven heads, representing Saints or Apostles; II. Burial group of mother and infant (illustrated); III. Seated figure of a man writing on a scroll ; IV. Figure of Our Lord (.'') holding a chalice in the left hand, the right being raised in an attitude of benediction ; V. Mailed figure of a knight in profile, upper portion only ; VI. The Virgin with aureole, supported by an angel, with representation of the first or second Person of the Blessed Trinity above. Traces of colouring appear on the hair of the Virgin. The collection belongs to Mr. T. Pallister Young, upper churchwarden of St. Olave's from 1888 to 1892. THE PARISH CHURCH. CHAPTER II. Dimensions of the Church. St. Olave's and Seven other surviving City Churches that escaped the Fire in 1666. Difficulty of tracing the history of old London parishes further back than the thirteenth century. Domesday Survey 1086. No London church specified in it. The Court of Hicsting, London ; Calendar of Wills from 12^8. Mediceval Chroniclers and Monastic writers. The Fires of io8y and 1136. Mention of the Parish Church in 130J, 131S, cmd 1328. London Churches dedicated to St. Olave (Olaf). Sketch of life of Olaf gg^-1030. Present Parish Church built probably by Richard and Robert Cely, about 1430. Description of the architecture. Condition of the Church iti 1632. Account of repairs and restorations from 166 1 to i8gi. «^ HE Parish Church is one of the smallest in the City, being only fifty-four feet in length and the same in width ; the height is thirty-one feet : the height of the steeple is about one hundred and thirty-five feet. It is one of the few churches that escaped the Great Fire in 1666, which destroyed no less than eighty-seven. The other survivals, now only seven in number, are i, Allhallows Barking; 2, St. Andrew Undershaft ; 3, St. Helen, and 4, St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate ; 5, St. Giles, Cripplegate ; 6, St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield, and 7, the Dutch Church, formerly the nave of the church of the Austin Friars. It is extremely difficult to discover the exact time when old City parishes were formed, or when churches that afterwards became parish churches were built. The Domesday Survey of 1086 does not throw light on this matter. No London church is mentioned in Domesday Book. The 14 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. object of the Domesday enquiry was to ascertain what property belonged to the Crown, and also to know the state and ownership of property throughout England, and the military resources of the nation. Apparently, the Commissioners had not explicit directions regarding churches, as this subject received different treatment in different counties. The record of churches for some counties is pretty full, for others meagre, and in the case of three counties it is nil. In all, a few more than 1,700 churches are mentioned in Domesday Book. Of these, three counties are credited with 829, nearly one-half of the total number given; Lincolnshire had 222 churches, Norfolk 243, Suffolk 364, whereas the return for Cambridgeshire mentions but one, while the Lancashire, Cornwall, and Middlesex returns do not specify a single church in any of these three counties. This variety of usage adopted by different Commissioners renders the Domesday Survey, in some counties, a defective guide in ecclesiastical matters. Sir H. Ellis writes : " The whole number of churches recorded in the Survey falls considerably under what there are grounds for concluding they must have amounted to, about or soon after the time of the Conquest." "In short, the Domesday Book cannot be decisively appealed to for the non-existence of parish churches in the age in which it was compiled." ' A great Monastic foundation was sure to find a chronicler who would record the rise of the House, and in the archives of the monastery itself, its privileges, pedigree and standing would receive abundant notice, but parish churches were in the beginning but humble wooden structures, and the erection of one of these, probably, attracted no greater attention than the building of a " chapel of ease " did in modern times, and, even if we imagine that in connection with the advowson of the living there was some written document from which the age of the parish could be determined, advowsons changed hands frequendy, owing to the fall of some families and the rise of others, and early documents fell a victim to some of the manifold accidents of time. Newcourt, who was Registrar of the London Registry in 1700, in his account of London churches, their rectors and patrons, is rarely able to discover any particulars of an earlier date than the thirteenth century. A Calendar of Wills, proved and enrolled in the Court of Husting, London ' The Domesday Book, printed 1816, under the editorship of Sir H. Ellis, vol. iii, pp. xci-ii. THE PARISH CHURCH. 15 has been recently published in two volumes, under the editorship of Dr. Reginald R. Sharpe, but the probate date of the earliest of these wills is 1258, and while Dr. Sharpe's valuable and useful volumes, by their allusions to City parishes, in many cases supply a date for a parish forty or fifty years earlier than that found in Newcourt's Repertorium, yet one cannot feel tolerably sure that a series beginning from 1258 supplies the date of an old City parish to within a century of its formation. " The enrollment of deeds in the Husting," writes Dr. Sharpe, "commences in 1252."' and this appears to be the earliest date at which any help can be obtained from the records contained in the City Archives. Were we in possession of a series of Wills dating from 1058 instead of 1258, the gap in the Domesday Survey of Middlesex regarding London churches could be bridged across by materials from this source. The Fires of 1087 and 1 136 were doubtless the destroyers of many documents and records of old London. The first of these " swept over the whole City of London," and was estimated by Dean Milman to have been "almost as destructive as the last, in 1666."'' The Fire of 1136 broke out and burned from London Bridge to the Church of St. Clement Danes, " qui accensus fuit ad pontem. \Londoniaruin\ et perrexit ad ecclesiam Danorum." ^ If any peculiar accident or very strange occurrence happened in connection with a church, a writer of chronicles would perhaps hear of it, give it a passing notice, and thus supply a date ; or if the advowson of a church belonged to a monastery, a monastic chronicler would register this among the property of the monastery. For example, we learn from William of Malmesbury, that there was in 1091 a church on the site of St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside. A storm, on 17th October, 109 1, blew off the roof of St. Mary-le-Bow Church, and two men were killed by the falling pieces, tectum ecclesicB Sanctcs Marice qucs ''ad Arcus" dicitur pariter sublevavit, et duos homines ibi obruit.'^ Again, Walsingham, of St. Alban's Monastery, writing of the property of the monastery in the time of Paul, the fourteenth Abbot (1077 to 1093), says that Abbot Paul exchanged with the Abbot of Westminster ' Calendar of Wills, p. xxiv. ^Annals of St. Paul's Cathedral, p. 21. 'Floras Historiarum, vol. ii, p. 58, edited by H. R. Luard, B.D. * Chronicles of William oJ Malmesbury, edited by William Stubbs, D.D., lib. iv, § 324. i6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. the advowson of St. Alban's [Wood Street] London, for the advowson of another church, and that on the site of St. Alban's Church had formerly stood the Chapel of King Offa (757-795) founded by him and adjoining the Royal Palace,' If this evidence is accepted as decisive, St. Alban's, Wood Street, occupies one of the oldest church sites in London, King Ofifa having died in 795. If, then, a London church be not mentioned in the pages of a mediaeval chronicler, or in those of a writer of monastic records, I do not know of there being any available record, at present, which will carry the history of the parish further back than the thirteenth century. As far as I know, the advowson of St. Olave's Church never was monastic property. That of Allhallows' Staining was such at a comparatively late period, having been given in 1367 by Sudbury, Bishop to London, to the Cistercian Abbey of Grace, near the Tower. The earliest record that specifically mentions a Parish Church of St. Olave near the Tower, referring, of course, to an earlier structure than the present church, is in 1302-3, in which year Theobald Le Hurer" "leaves a tenement to Gunnilda, his wife, remainder to Cristina, his daughter, charged with maintaining a wax taper before the altar of St. Mary in the said parish church ; remainder in default of heirs to pious uses." In 1 315, Cecilia, late wife of Ralph de la More, or, atte More,^ leaves "tenements and rents in the parishes of St. Dunstan Est and St. Olave near the Brethren of the Holy Cross by the Tower, to be sold," for the same purpose ; and in 1328, Roger de Frouwyk,^ or Frowyk, goldsmith, leaves to Richard de Rammeseye all his houses opposite to the Church of St. Olave near the Tower,'' in tail. ' Et plures ecclesise in Londoniis, quarum unius donationem, scilicet, Sancti Albani pro patronatu alterius, nescitur qua consideratione, Abbati Westmonasteriensi concessit. Fuit autem Capella Regis Offc, fundatoris ; cui fuit continuum suum regale palatium.— C«i/a Abbatwn Monasterii Satuti Albani a T/ioma Wahiitgham, ed. H. T. Riley, vol. i, p. 55. ' Hust. Dr. Sharpe (in loco) refers to p. 97, " hurcr— a maker of ' hures ' or rough hairy caps." ' Hust. The testament proclaimed and not reclaimed. ' Hust. He appears to have made another will in the same year, leaving money for maintaining the fabric of the Church of St. Olave, and other churches, etc. See Historical Commission, 9th Report, p. 46b. THE PARISH CHURCH. 17 The earliest dates then relating to this parish or parish church that I have found, are, in a will proved in 1284 alluding to the parish of St. Olave, and in one of 1303, alluding to the church, but the position of this parish, its being near the Tower, on the western side of it, and lying between the Tower and the Royal Exchange, suggests an earlier date for its forma- tion as a parish, or, at least, for the erection of a church or chapel there, VIEW OF ST. OLAVE's, 1837, FROM SEETHING LANE. ecclesia aut capella, than the end of the thirteenth century. From the reign of William I London began to extend westward from the Tower, and with the increase of buildings and a thicker population dwelling in a small area, churches would be multiplied. There was a Scandinavian element in the England of the eleventh century, and reverence for King Olaf, the martyr and saint of a.d. 1030, quickly spread. Mr. Freeman states that Earl Siward erected at York, in or before 1055, a church in honour of St. Olaf, and Siward's body was buried there in 1055. "St. Olaf the martyred King of the Northmen had by this time become a favourite D 1 8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. object of reverence, especially among men of Scandinavian descent. In his honour Earl Siward had reared a church in a suburb of his capital called Galmanho, a church which, after the Norman Conquest, developed into that great Abbey of Saint Mary whose ruins form the most truly beautiful ornament of the northern metropolis." ' That a church was dedicated in London to St. Olaf, by men of Scandinavian descent, before the end of the eleventh century is very probable, and, associating together, as evidence in favour of an eleventh century origin, the circum- stances of the increase of the City westwards from the Tower, the locale of the parish, the growing reverence for St. Olaf, and the mixture of races existing in the City, I think it is not an untenable conjecture that at the time of the Domesday Survey in 1086, a rude, primitive church of wood dedicated to St. Olaf stood on the site in Hart Street. There were two other churches in the City of London dedicated to King Olaf the Martyr ; one in Silver Street, not re-built after the Great Fire, the other in Old Jewry, recently removed ;'' and, outside the City boundaries, St. Olave's church, in Tooley Street, Southwark, just below London Bridge. Among all the saints in the Norwegian calendar there was none so renowned as Olaf, and a short account of him, therefore, will not be without interest. Born in the year 995, of the race of Harald Fairhair, son of Harald Groenske, he was brought up in the family of his stepfather, Sigurd, a petty king in the south of Norway. At the age of three years he was baptized ; Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway, standing as sponsor. On the fall of Olaf Tryggvason at the battle of Svolder, Sweyn, King of Denmark, became King of Norway, and Olaf Haraldson took to the sea. His biographer represents him as of middle height, of a robust frame, very skilful in all bodily exercises, in handling the bow, and throwing the spear, and, as starting on his first Viking cruise at the early age of twelve. In after years he espoused the cause of King Ethelred against the usurping Danes, and one of his most famous exploits must be here recorded, because it is said to account for the dedication of certain churches to his memory. The Danes held the bridge ' History of the Norman Conquest in England, by E. A. Freeman, vol. ii, p. 375. ■^The Tower is preserved, and now forms part of the Rectory House of the United Parishes of St. Margaret, Lothbury, etc. THE PARISH CHURCH. 19 in London connecting the castle on the north side of the Thames (probably the site of the Tower of London) with the stronghold on the south side, South wark (Sudivirki). Here the Danes had raised a great work, and built a bulwark of stone, timber, and turf, which was manned by a large force. King Ethelred's forces made an ineffectual assault, but Olaf came at a critical moment to the rescue. The chronicler records that there was a bridge over the Thames so broad that two waggons could pass each other, and that Olaf and his men, having constructed pent-houses of planks over the ships' decks to withstand the missiles of the defenders of the bridge, rowed up till quite under the bridge, then fastened cables round the piles which supported it, and rowed their hardest down stream. The result was that the piles were loosened, gave way, and down fell the bridge, — very many of the Danish defenders upon it were precipitated into the river, the rest fled. Southwark was stormed and taken, London saved, and Ethelred restored to the throne. For three years Olaf remained in England, till, on the death of Ethelred, and the arrival of Canute the Great, he left the country, laden with booty. After a time he returned, but, being bidden in a dream to claim his Scandinavian kingdom, he coasted along till he reached Northum- berland, and then started with a well-armed band, in two merchant ships, on his adventurous voyage. In the end he accomplished his purpose, and obtained the crown of Norway, 1015. His mind was bent on uprooting heathenism and all old customs which he thought inconsistent with Christianity, and by promises, threats, and violence, he effected the nominal conversion of the country. In his mode of dealing with his people he fol- lowed the example of Olaf Tryggvason, of whom Thjodrik Munk says, "he imitated his Master, who poured wine as well as oil into the wounds of the traveller, and obeyed the evangelic precept: "Compelle intrare ut impleatur domus mea." Olaf's arbitrary conduct, however, produced its natural result ; the nobles were only too ready to transfer their allegiance to King Canute, upon his offering them large sums of money, and Olaf, in the very prime of manhood, fell on the field of battle at Stiklestad, on 29th July, 1030. " Saint Olave's body was honourably buried at Drontheim, P 2 IS a H H en W o (-■ (/3 o o W H :?; THE PARISH CHURCH. 21 and the year following Bishop Grimkele commanded him to be honoured in that Church among the Saints with the title of martyr. His son Magnus was called home from Russia in 1035, and restored to the throne. Magnus exceedingly promoted the devotion of the people to the memory of his father, the martyr, who was chosen titular Saint of the Cathedral of Drontheim. This Church was rebuilt with such splendour and magnificence as to have been the glory and pride of all the North." — Alban Butler's " Lives of the Saints," July 29. All Olaf's faults were soon forgotten, and SnorrI records that "many believed that Olaf must be a saint, even among those who had persecuted him with the greatest animosity." His cult' spread rapidly, not only in his own country, where his martial qualities were a recommendation of his saintliness,^ but in the north of Europe ; churches were erected everywhere in his honour, and when the Norse ecclesiastics had made their friends in this country acquainted with the merits of their patron saint, churches were dedicated to him here, e.g., St. Ollow's, in Orkney ; St. Olave's, at Poughill, in Cornwall ; also at Creeting in Suffolk, at Exeter, Chichester, York, and Chester. With reference to the London churches dedicated to St. Olave, there is an interesting anecdote related by Snorri, a.d. 1230. " In Valland, in the North-West of France, there was a cripple so infirm that he went upon knees and knuckles. One day he fell asleep by the way side, when he dreamt that a man of worshipful mien came to him and asked him whither he was going. He mentioned a certain abode. The worshipful man said to him, ' Go to Olaf's Church in London, and there you will be 'The cult of the Saint was observed here in London as late as the middle of the sixteenth century. " In '557- The same day (the xxix day of July) being Saint Olave's day, was the church holiday in Silver street ; and at eight of the clock at night began a stage play of a goodly matter, that continued until xij at, mydnyght ; and then they mad an end with a good songe." H. Machyn's Diary, p. 145 (Camden Soc). ^ " .Some leaders trust in God — some not ; Even so their men ; but well I wot God-fearing Olaf fought and won Twenty pitched battles, one by one. And always placed upon his right His Christian men in a hard fight. May God be merciful, I pray To him— for he ne'er shunned the fray.'' "The Heimskringla or the Sagas of the Norse Kings." From "The Icelandic of Snorre Sturlason," by Samuel Laing and Rasmus B. Anderson, vol, iii, 2 2 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. cured.' On awaking, he set off in quest of Olaf s Church. At length he came to London Bridge, and asked the citizens if they could tell him where Olaf's Church was. And they answered and said there were many more churches than that they could tell to whom they were dedicated. A little later, a man came to him, and asked where he was going. He answered to him and said that he would fare to Olaf's Church. The other said, ' We will both fare together to Olaf's Church, for I know the way thither.' After this they fared over the bridge, and along that street that led towards Olaf's Church in Tooley Street, in the Borough. When they came to the churchyard gate, the other strode over the threshold, but the cripple rolled himself over it, and at once rose up whole, and when he looked round, his companion had vanished."' The most probable answer to the questions when was the present church in Hart Street built, and who were the builders, is supplied by the following evidence. Stow, in recording certain monu- ments which existed in his day, 1598, begins the list with " Richard Cely and Robert Cely, fellmongers, principal builders and benefactors " ; and the next names are "Dame Johan, wife to Sir John Zouch, 1439; John, Clarenciaulx King of Arms, 1427." Stow does not give the date of the Cely monument, but it is probably referred to in the will of Richard Cely, 1493." "I wish my body," he says, "to be buried in the chapell of Seint Stephyn in the pish of Seint Olave in hertstrete where I am a piffhefi that is to sey in the tomb there as Richard Cely and Agnes his wyfe my fader and moder lyen buried." Newcourt, in his " Reper- torium," mentions " Richard Cely, civis Lond.," as the patron who presented Robert Gower to the Rectory in 1457, and Thomas Benet in i486. It may be fairly assumed, therefore, from their names being recorded as the principal builders and from the patronage of the living being in the Cely family in 1457, that the father and the uncle of the testator, i.e., Richard and Robert Cely, were the builders of St. Olave's church, and from the character of the architecture, that the present church dates from about the middle of the fifteenth century. n^ ■ '^'^ n"^''"'!^ /' ,'^'''^?''^ ^^'^'i 0'^^'>" ^'li'«l f"-" ^ twelfth century MS in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, with an introduction and notes by F. Metcalfe, M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College Oxford. Oxford, 1881, ° ' "P.C.C. 25 Doggett. THE PARISH CHURCH. 23 What has been said, however, of the age of the present church is appHcable only to the oldest portion. Some of the windows, for instance, though they are very probably imitations of the original, appear to be of a much later date, and may not be earlier than the first quarter of the seven- teenth century. Laud was Bishop of London from 1628 to 1634, and strictly enjoined upon parishes the duty of maintaining the fabrics of their churches. St. Olave's possibly may have complied with such an injunction, for Strype records that " This church in the many decayed places of it, which indeed were many and great, was repaired richly, and very worthily supplied with whatsoever it wanted, and furnished with whatsoever might further deck and adorn it at the proper cost and charge of the parishioners in the years of our Lord God 1632 and 1633," and notes in particular that "the stone work of all the windows, greatly defaced and perished, was new wrought." Until the recent restoration, almost the whole of the church and steeple was covered with cement, and rendered thereby as unattractive as possible. Now the sacred edifice at once attracts attention from its age and character, and a stranger, on entering the church, finds the interior not only historically interesting, but well worthy of a visit for its own sake. Like most parish churches it consists of a nave and two aisles, the north being wider and loftier than the south. The nave is longer than either aisle, for the north aisle is limited by the rectory house, and the south by the tower of the church. The arcades, which divide the church lengthwise into three portions, contain six arches, three on either side, the middle arches resting upon two clustered columns. The two, west of the centre, rest also upon two half columns, which are in their original condition ; the two towards the east were probably supported in the same way till the erection of the Bayning and Minnes's monuments involved the removal on the north side of part, and on the south side of the whole of the columns. The tower, now used as a Baptistery, has two arches communicating with the nave and south aisle, and at the south-west corner there is a smaller tower with a stone staircase leading to the belfry. Formerly there was a doorway on the inside of the church some few feet from the floor, but this was done away with some twenty-five years ago when the Baptistery 24 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. was formed. At the west end of the nave, on the north side, there is an old entrance, a priest's door, leading into the rectory. In the nave of the church there are three windows : a large window at the east, another at the west, and a third, a smaller one with three lights, recently introduced below the west window, to give light and ventilation to the new choir vestry. There are four windows in the north aisle, and four in the south, viz., one over each door, one at the east end of either aisle, and two others in the north and south walls respectively. In the Clerestory there are six windows ; three on the north, and three on the south side. The character of the window openings should be noticed. Four of them have pointed arches, and architecturally are of an earlier date than the rest, viz., two windows at the east and west ends of the nave, one at the east end of the north aisle, and one in the tower. As to the tracery, the large window at the east end had simply upright mullions until 1823 {see Vestry Minutes) ; it is in style neither perpendicular, nor geometrical, but a fanciful combination of the two ; the window at the west end of the nave has merely plain ribs springing from the old mullions ; the window at the east end of the north aisle, is now a copy of the window in the tower, but until 1863, it had merely two upright mullions, as shown in the engrav- ing published by West and Toms, 1736. The west window in the tower has three divisions or lights with cinque-foil heads, and small uprightmwllions with corresponding arched work. It is, in fact, a perpendicular window. All the other windows are of three lights, having two mullions running in perpendicular lines, with cinque-foiled heads, all formed under a very flatly pointed arch. Externally, the windows of the church, except those in the tower and the old window at the west end of the nave, are finished with drip stones and square returns. It should be noticed that the masonry of the windows is not bonded. I have omitted all allusion to the other openings in the tower, for it is now difficult to determine what they were ori"ginally. The doorways, one on the north side of the church in Hart Street, and two on the south side, i.e., at the west end of the aisle opening into the W < o H O -< H O 26 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. church yard, and at the east end into the vestry, are all of the same character, Perpendicular English, distinguished by the square head over the arch with ornamental spandrels, and the two outer doorways have drip stones with square returns. The arch over the south entrance of the church is of the depressed kind turned from four centres ; the arches of the other doorways are of a boldly pointed character. The doors, as old as the present church, are of oak, studded with nails of Sussex iron. At the north entrance in Hart Street, there was formerly a porch, built in 1674, but it was removed before 1823. At the south entrance there was a porch, quite incongruous, removed 1862-3, 3-"d to the east of the porch a very unsightly staircase, covered in with glass, leading to the south gallery. Both are shewn in a pen and ink drawing of the church, preserved in the vestry. The walls and foundations of the church are composed of "chalk and flint," technically known as " rubble," opposed to ashlar work, or regular masonry. The arcades or columns and arches are rather perplexing ; they were regarded by Sir G. Gilbert Scott, as Purbeck, though of an inferior quality, and some thirty years ago they were accordingly repaired with the same material, but eminent architects are now agreed upon their not being Purbeck, but differ as to what they are. The east wall of the sacrarium is said to be of perpeyn, i.e., a large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it. The windows are, I believe, generally of Kentish rag, but in the tracery of the central east window, added about the year 1823, as more suitable to the reception of stained glass, and in the tracery of the window in the north choir, Bath stone was used. Gothic architecture is often regardless of severe uniformity, and our church is no exception to this rule. The west window, for instance, is not centered with the east window, but is built in a recess ; the bases and the shafts of the pillars on the north and south sides are of unequal length, and the window over the south door does not centre with it. THE PARISH CHURCH. 27 The ceiling of the Church over the nave and both aisles is composed of arched tie-beams with intermediate moulded ribs, and oak panellings, all of them ornamented at one end with a floweret. The beams rest upon stone corbels, with shields attached to them. In the aisles some of the stone shields are gone and have been restored in wood, but the stone shields remain entire in the nave. On the north side of the nave five corbels have angels bearing shields ; one of the shields towards the east end of the south aisle is supported by a male figure clad in a loose garment ; on three of the shields are sculptured two lions passant gardant, not unlike the bearings of the kings of England at an early date. By far the greater part of the shields are quite plain, but several have bearings in relief corresponding with the first of the illustrations shown, and two of them resemble the second. J. B. G., Gent. Mag., vol. 93, pt. i, pp. 207-8 says: — "On these bearings 1 will merely notice as follows : — The patronage of this Church appears to have been of old in the family of the N evils ; and upon reference to Edmondson's " Heraldry," I find, under the name of Nevil, the saltire mentioned in numerous instances as a principal feature of their arms. It belonged at a later date to different parties ; among them appears the family of Windsor ; and in the latter work, under the three examples of this name, I find the saltire mentioned likewise." The junctions of the moulded ribs of the ceilings are generally ornamented with shields, but sometimes a rose is substituted, and sometimes foliage. These shields are for the most part plain, but a few are sculptured like the first of the two illustrations. One shield in the sacrarium, S.E. angle, seems, at first sight, intended for the Arms of the City, but the dagger is in the second quartering formed by the cross instead of the first, as usual, and in one shield the cross is introduced, and the dagger omitted. It is worthy of being noticed that the ceiling of both the aisles is thickly studded with small leaden stars. This may indicate an older date E 2 28 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. for the aisles than the nave, as regards the ceiling. These stars were formerly painted in a different colour from the beams to which they are affixed. In 1632 and 1633 "the Church was repaired richly, the roof in the middle aisle, decayed to the danger of falling, was with new timber re-biiilt, new leaded, and the inside very worthily garnished." — Strype's Stoiu, book ii, p. 38. The ceiling of the aisles may have been constructed by Richard and Robert Cely, " principal builders," of whom mention is made on p. 22.' THE VESTRY. At the east end of the south front of the Church is the Vestry, rebuilt 166 1-2, and, therefore, two centuries later than the door by which one enters it from the Church. Here the ceiling at once attracts attention, finished as it is with panelling and ornaments in plaster ; the chief figure being that of an angel in relief, bearing in one hand the gospel, in the other a palm branch. Over the mantel-piece is a painting in chiaro oscuro, representing a wood-carving of " Faith, Hope and Charity." Till 1891, it was difficult to discern the subject, but in the hands of a picture-restorer, after removing coats of common varnish of the thickness of a coin, the painting was declared to be the work of one of the De Witts ; probably painted for the position which it occupies, when the Vestry was built. ' In lliis chapter I have used very freely the letter signed J. li. G. in the Genlleman's Magazine, March, 1823. It was from the pen of Mr. John Bull Gardiner, for many years Surveyor to the Twish of St. Clave, and Clerk to the Trustees of the Charities, THE VESTRY. 29 The wainscoted wall is covered with parish maps and plans, and engravings. There is a pretty pen-and-ink drawing of the south front of the Church, with part of the churchyard, showing the entrance to the south gallery, already noticed. In the recent re- storation the architect prac- tically added six inches to the height of the room by lowering the floor, thus avoiding the inconvenience of a step at the entrance, and, an incongruous modern mantel-shelf and stove were removed ; the block floor is another improvement. It will be interesting to collect from the Parish Records from 1661 to i860 a few notices of the alter- ations and repairs before my time as Rector, some contemplated and others carried into effect. And here the earliest is to be found in a very interesting document entitled : — "An asseifmcnt made this 5"' of "August 1661 By the Rector, Churchward'' " (and others) of the parish of S' Olaves in " Hartstreete Lond : whose names are hearonder "subscribed; fifor and towar'^'^ the rebuildinge " of the vestrye of the said Church (being readye to " fall downe) The ffunte [font] y' was formerlye in the " Late RebeUion pulled Downe, as allsoe for y= repaires " of sundrye fflowers in the steeple that are very " much decayed, And the inlargeinge certaine pewes THE VESTRY CEILING. 30 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. " in the Galleries, with some other thinges necessarye " to be repayrcd in and about the said church, church " yarde wall and Streets. Dan: Milles Rect: t r)|.„j„ -j J°:, ,:^'^"^f , ., , Churchwarden^ William Garfeild ) ^ \V'" Thornbury Andr Riccard John Tirrill Jr John Hilles The Parish records are then silent on Church Repairs for 49 years. In 1 7 10, March 22 [Turton, Rector], we find the Vestry resolving to petition Parliament to re-build the Church and steeple. We may be thankful that the wishes of the parishioners were not gratified, for the result would probably have been a structure resembling the neighbouring church of St. Katherine Coleman, built in the year 1740, or that of Allhallows Staining, which, with the exception of the tower, fell down, and was re-built 1674. We are not acquainted with the reason, but by 1713, the parishioners had become more conservative as regards their parish church, for in that year, August 19th, it was resolved, neinine contradicente : " That y' Parish church shall be forthwith cleansed & whitewashed and the Painting everywhere be refreshed and amended or be be iySic) new done as shall be found needfull ; and the windows altered and y" ironwork taken down, and new glass & iron bars put in their place, such as shall be more lightsum and convenient, and the pavement where it is sunk amended and laid level, and that the five following Gentlemen be desired to assist the Rector and Churchwardens in and towards the better accomplishment of the ^?i\A good work, viz. : Deputy Carbonel, Major Lechmere, Mr. Henchman, Mr. Rich'^Smith and Mr. Hester." The bars, for which something more "lightsum" was to be substi- tuted, were probably of old Sussex iron, but the more lightsum bars seemed to us too heavy, and were removed in 1862-3. In " 1713, Nov. 16, a five quarters' rate was made for defraying expenses of beautifying and repairing the church and chanfsell," upon which, it may be observed, that, according to custom in the City of London, the parishioners repair the chancel, whereas elsewhere this charge commonly falls upon the Rector. In 1727, April 11 [Arrowsmith, Rector], the voluntary principle is appealed to, for we read of " a subscription lately made for erecting a new pulpit and gallery. The Rector and others to assist the Churchwarden." THE VESTRY. 31 This Vestry Minute refers to one gallery, but there is an entry, 1727, March 21, which shows there was a second; "Mrs. Eliza Bass to attend the Two new Gallerys on every Sabbath Day and to cleane the same, and to have benevolence of the Parishioners setting there for her own benefitt." The letter of J. B. G., to which I have referred, shows us the disastrous effect upon the church and its monuments of erecting these galleries. After referring to " the removal of the Riccard monument, consequent on the construction some years ago of the North Gallery, which interfered with it, to the West Gallery, where it remains {i.e., in 1823) central, it is true, but from its obscurity badly calculated to display the merits of the artist;" he continues: "four of the monuments have been lamentably interfered with also, and partially obscured by the Erection of the South Gallery ; namely, a very fine old monument on the South Wall belonging to the Deane family ; a respectable one to the memory of Peter Turner ; also the tablet inscribed to his father. Dr. Turner ; and the monument of Sir John Mennes, Knt. In the North Gallery the artificers were more sparing by not continuing the Gallery quite so far as the Eastern Wall, but even here a portion of the handsome monument to the Bayning family has not escaped injury from these spoliators." The repairs in 1713 seem to have extended only to the body of the Church, for in 1731, November 19, the Vestry resolved "to obtain an estimate of the expense of repairing the Church Steeple, which was in danger of falling." This was accordingly obtained, and on December i a report was presented to the Vestry, by Mr. Townsend, surveyor (Sir Wm. Ogborne, Knt., had also surveyed the Steeple), and here is the estimate : — Items of Report : — Masons charge for re-building / 24 ft. of Steeple in Portland ^255, Bath ^230 255 carpenters 65 plumbers 3° timber work of cupolo and lanthorn computed 50 smiths' work for iron 15 plaisterers' work supposed- 50 ^465 32 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVEKS HART STREET. The Vestry at first thought of applying to "the Commissioners for building fifty new churches," but decided afterwards in the negative, and — 1 73 1, Feb. 9. Agreed to re-build Church Steeple and to raise a Church rate for the purpose, and March 10, it is noted that Mr. John Widdows' plan was approved. March 22. Mr. Hill and Mr. Ansell undertake the repairs making an abatement of ten pounds. Mrs. Ann Shortland, smith, was to perform the smith's work, be it great or be it small. The bill was, as afterwards appears, ^57 i8j. od., but it was to be examined, and she was to be paid her due. The estimate had been but ^15. The next minute relating to the Repairs of the Church will be found 1 75 1, June 4, "Ordered that the Pews and Pavement of the Church be repaired and placed square [so they remained till 1870}, and to make vaults in the Church, if the Committee think proper." The mode of defraying cost of repairs is indicated the same day by a note in the margin : — " There now remains in the hands of Rev. Mr. Edwd Arrowsmith ^125 for Church- wardens' Fines, [?.^., for refusing to serve the ofiice,] which is ordered to be laid out towards the repairs of the Church." 1763, April 29. The Church ordered to be repaired at an outlay of ^^265 \2s. lo^?'. 1777, March 31. "Resolved the best way of repairing the Tower is to point it down," which we find April 18 involved an outlay of ^188. During these repairs the battlements, which are shown in West and Tom's engraving of the church as it was in 1736, but not in Robertson's drawing of St. Olave's Church in 1781, were taken down and not restored. Our forefathers of the last century were sometimes more particular in making the church comfortable and free from draughts than we are, and cared far less about interfering with the beauty of the architecture. An instance is before us in a Minute of Vestry, 1784, January 29, " Ordered that a screen of THE VESTRY. 33 glass doors be placed to the north and south doors of the Church under di- rection of the Churchwarden (Quarles Harris)." This massive structure was removed, 1862, at the cost perhaps of some comfort to the worshippers, but greatly improving the ap- pearance of the building. The church under- went considerable alter- ation and improvement during the incumbency of Rev. John Letts, and principally, as I have been informed, at his suggestion, two cumbrous galleries in the north and south aisles were removed (1853-4). During the last thirty-three years, since i860, towards the end of which year I was insti- tuted Rector, the church has been closed three times for restoration and repairs. The first occa- sion was from August 18, 1862, to March i, 1863, when Messrs. F. H. Smith and Henry Gill were Churchwardens. The ex- terior of the church was thoroughly repaired. In the interior, the walls, which presented a very uneven surface, were faced with Parian cement, and an attempt, not very satisfactory, was made at polishing the pillars and arches then supposed to be of Purbeck. Wherever they were defective, and they were so F INTERIOR OF ST. OLAVE's, 1837, 34 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. notably in those parts of the arches which supported the galleries, and had been filled up in 1853 with wood instead of stone, pieces of Purbeck were inserted, and hot-stopping rather plentifully used. Certainly the general effect of all this was pleasing, and a great improvement upon whitewash. In some parts, however, especially in the arches, the polisher came upon what did not admit of polishing ; the surface of the stone was gone, and it is a question whether the work of polishing should have been at- tempted. At the west end of the Church a considerable improve- ment was effected ; two ugly lobbies near the north and south doors, reaching to the organ gallery, were removed. The lower part of the tower, which had been used as a coal cellar, with a room of about eight feet above it for the ringers, was cleared away ; the partition between the tower and the Church taken down, and the whole converted into the Baptistery as you now see it. The above work, the total cost of which was ^900, raised by Church rate, was carried' out successfully under the direction of Mr. Frederic Lett, Surveyor to the Parish, and Clerk and Receiver to the Trustees of St. Olave's Charities. THE BAPTISTERY. THE VESTRY. 35 The second occasion of closing the Church was on the union of Allhallows' Staining with St. Olave's, in pursuance of Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869, by an order of Her Majesty in Council of 31st March, 1870, published in the London Gazette, ist April. The sum of ^800, received under the Scheme for the Union, was expended upon St. Olave's as the Parish Church of the United Parishes, and a further sum of ;^2,ooo invested, the interest of which is available for the repair of the fabric, and the maintenance of divine service. The parochial authorities appointed Mr. (now Sir Arthur W.) Blomfield as their architect, and in his hands the Church may be said to have been restored to its original beauty. Great praise was accorded to him for his admirable design. Messrs. Dove Brothers, builders, also gave complete satisfaction in carrying out the architect's plans. In accordance with the architect's design, the whole of the interior of the Church was re-arranged, the eastern end of the Church being raised so as to form a kind of chancel ; the pews, with their three-sided narrow seats, which had been formed out of still older pews, and, for uniformity, with the exception of the ends, were covered with blue serge, were removed, and open oak benches substituted, the old altar rails converted into choir desks for the boys, and the rest of the carved wood work used in decorating the new benches. The bench-ends in the nave have carved shields with the armorial bearings of the See of London, the Corporation, the Trinity House, three City companies, viz. : the Grocers',' the Ironmongers', and the Cloth- workers' ; and two distinguished parishioners. Sir Andrew Riccard, and Samuel Pepys. The services were suspended on this occasion from January 2nd, 1 87 1, to the Ascension Day, May i8th, when the Bishop of London (Dr. Jackson) preached at the re-opening service. The Church was closed for the third time for extensive repairs from August 10, 1 89 1, to Friday, October 30, when it was re-opened by the Bishop of Bedford, Suffragan for East London, Dr. Billing, in the presence of the Lady Mayoress (Lady Savory), and many of the parishioners." Under ' The Grocers' Company, formerly patrons of Allhallows, are now patrons of three benefices endowed with the tithes of that parish. See chapter xix. The Ironmongers' Hall is wholly, the Clothworkers' partly, in the parish of Allhallows. ^ At the last moment, the Lord Mayor, Sir Joseph Savory, Bart., was prevented from attending. F 2 36 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLA VE'S LLART STREET. the City Parochial Charities Act, 1883 (the Central Scheme), a grant of /i,2oo was provided by the Charity Commissioners " for the maintenance of the fabric and monuments of St. Olave's as a Church of architectural and historical interest," and now the Church of the United Parishes. The Rector%nd the four Churchwardens, viz. : Messrs. T. Pallister Young, B.A., LL.B., and R. Honey (St. Olave's), and Messrs. A. Bowring, C.C, Deputy- Alderman, and H. V. Clements (Allhallows'), being the authorities recognised by the Scheme, appointed, as their architect, Mr. Ewan Christian, the Architect of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; a desirable arrangement, as the grant of the Commissioners would be made upon his report. Other works, all of them important, and some gready conducive to the comfort and convenience of the congregation, for which, however, the grant was not available, it seemed expedient to undertake at the same time. Without going too much into details, the arrangements for heating the Church were defective, the organ was sadly out of repair, a choir vestry much needed, bell timbers and ropes required renewal, and the metal work re-lacquering. It was resolved, therefore, to appeal to the parishioners and other friends for subscriptions, and about ^600 were raised, very largely due to the exertions of the Upper Churchwarden of St. Olave's, Mr. T. Pallister Young, who devoted much time, thought, and ability, to the work of restoring and repairing the Church, and whose efforts were cheerfully seconded by his colleagues. It had been intended simply to repair the cement with which the whole body of the Church, and the greater part of the Tower, had been for many years covered, but the stone and brickwork underneath proved to be sufficiently sound to warrant the architect in leaving the whole uncovered, repairing where necessary. On removing the cement upon the south side of the Church an interesting discovery was made, the doorway through which the south gallery, and, in particular, the Navy Office pew was entered. It will be remembered by readers of the Diary that Pepys was very proud of the privilege of occupying this pew, and it is a noteworthy circumstance that the monument erected in 1883 to his memory is on the other side of this THE VESTRY. 37 doorway/ On the north side the removal of the cement brought into view some square feet of brickwork, situate to the east of the door in Hart Street. A square headed window at this spot is shown in the engraving ot "The North East Prospect of the Church," 1736. On removing the cement on the north side of the tower, a portion of an arch and of a capital was disclosed. This suggests that the nave of the church formerly extended further west than it does at present. In the interior the chief alterations noticeable are the new windows, stronger lead lights, with cathedral glass, and with stanchions in the lower windows ; and the change which the arcades have undergone, simply by removing what the polisher had introduced to produce a uniform colour. One can now see what they originally were, and after the lapse of four or five centuries, they can give a good account of themselves. The choir Vestry under the organ is a new feature, at all times a great convenience, but was especially so at the Confirmation by the Bishop of London, May 6th, 1892, the first, of which we have any record, held in this Church. The three-light window in the west wall and block flooring were introduced by Mr. Christian ; but the oak screen is from a design of Sir Arthur Blomfield, A.R.A., to whom the Rector had applied for advice in the matter some time pre- viously to the recent restoration. PORTION OF AN ARCH. J North side of the tower. The monuments throughout the Church have been repaired where necessary, and the whole of them re-lettered. In short, both the exterior and the interior of the Church, have now been substantially repaired, and we have accomplished all that was proposed. ' The discovery is indicated by the insertion of Portland Stone, inscribed : — " Entrance to tlie South Gallery, and the Nazy Office Pew, often mentioned in the Diary of Samuel Pepys. " 38 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. I cannot conclude this portion of my work without acknowledging how greatly we are indebted to Mr. Christian, the architect, for his sound judgment and his personal attention to details ; and to the builders, Messrs. Dove Brothers, for the conscientious care and skill with which they have carried out the work. THE CHURCH FURNITURE. CHAPTER III. The Communion Table. The Reredos in iyo8. Present Reredos. Recent gifts to the Church, Font, Screen, Pulpit. Organs abolished in 1644. Pepys's intention in 1667 to present an Organ to St. Olave's. Present Organ built by Samuel Green, 178J. The Communion Plate. The Bells. The Clock. Sword Stands, detailed description of four in St. Olave's Church. The Churchyards and the Principal Gateway. HE plain, neat Communion Table," which the Church- wardens were ordered to provide by a Resolution of the Vestry, 1742-3, March 16, was found to be too small when the present Reredos was erected.' The cost of the present plain oak Altar-table was defrayed out of a bequest left at the disposal of the Rector by the late Miss Mary Ann Wood, daughter of a former Lecturer of the Parish, Rev. John Manley Wood, whose monument is in the north aisle. The Credence Table is an adaptation of the carved work in front of the Parish Clerk's desk, and formed part of an arrangement known as a " three-decker," which it took some time to alter without giving offence. Until 1853 the Reredos was very similar to those found in Sir Christopher Wren's Churches. "A New View of London'' thus describes it: — "The altar piece is adorned (1708) with two fluted pilasters, their 'The old Communion Table has stood since 1862 in the south choir. 40 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. entablature and compass-pediment, a vase, etc. The inter-columns are filled with the Commandments, between the Pater Noster and Creed ; the former done in gold on black, the latter in black letters on gold. Within an arched space, under the pediment, is the effigy of an old man (I think, very improperly placed here in the room of a glory), between two cherubims, all of which is enclosed with rail and banister." In 1853, when the galleries were removed, the Rev. John Letts, Rector of the Parish, provided, at his own cost, a new Reredos of slate tablets painted and decorated, having the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Command- ments inscribed in gilt characters. The Reredos of Caen stone with tablets of alabaster ornamentally treated, with a marble cross in the centre, and the Commandments in gold on the two outer compartments, which I presented in 1862, was designed by the late Sir G. Gilbert Scott, R.A., and executed by Mr. Philip, a sculptor of great promise, who died at an early age. It was heavily enriched with gilding by Clayton and Bell in 1891 ; the alabaster not easily lending itself to decoration is left without adornment. The Caen stone octagonal Font, also designed by Sir G. Gilbert Scott, R.A., was the gift, in 1862, of the late Mr. Thomas Bond, a generous inhabitant of the parish, and took the place of a plain marble font with wooden pedestal and base and cover, which in 1853 stood beneath the western gallery, and previously in the north choir. The font cover, a recent addition to the church, is the work of Messrs. Hart, Son and Peard, the cost being chiefly defrayed by the St. Olave's Restoration Fund. The pavement in the Baptistery, by Maw & Co., was the gift, in 1862, of a few ladies, parishioners, or worshippers in the church. In the same year the screen in the Baptistery was given by the late Mr. Henry Johnson,' of 39, Crutched Friars, one of very many proofs of the interest which he felt in the church of his baptism, and in the parish and neighbourhood. He was indeed "a father to the poor," until his last illness, and removal to Worthing, where he died, Michaelmas-day, 1877. Of Miss Elizabeth Johnson, who resided with her brother till ' Upper Churchwarden 1856-1859 ; Trustee of the Advowson. THE CHURCH FURNITURE. 41 her death, 1866, March 24th, it may be said with truth that she was "full of good works and almsdeeds." Their deep interest in me, shown in many acts of kindness, before and after I became Rector of this Parish, is, to me, a sacred memory. The present Pulpit with its exquisite carving, reputed to be the work of Grinling Gibbons, formerly stood in the Church of St. Benei, Gracechurch, "decon- secrated" 1867, Feb. 8th. Not being re- quired for the new church of St. Benet, Stepney, the Ecclesi- astical Commissioners sold it to me, and I was most kindly recouped the total cost, i.e. £^0, of repairing it and placing it on a stone pedestal, by the Elder Brethren of the Trinity House as a mark, they were pleased to say, of their esteem and regard. We shall see in the next chapter, that St. Olave's had before the Reformation "a pair of organes," but what became of that instrument is unknown. An Ordinance was pas- sed May 9th, 1644, that all organs in churches should be taken away and utterly defaced, and the immediate effect of this regulation was most disastrous to English G THE PULPIT. 42 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. organ builders. During the sixteen years between its issue and May 29th, 1660, the date of the Restoration, there was no demand for organs or reparations, and most of the builders were obliged to work as carpen- ters and joiners ; but it is remarkable how soon the use of organs in churches revived. On June 17th (Lord's Day), 1660, Pepys notes — This day the organs did begin to play at White Hall before the King, and in the next month, July 8th (Lord's Day) — To White Hall Chapel, where I heard very good musique, the first time that ever I remember to have heard the organs and singing men in surplices in my life. Some seven years afterwards Pepys shows even greater liking for organ playing. April 5, 1667 — To Hackney, where I am told, that at their church they have a fair pair of Organs, which play while the people sing, which I am mighty glad of, wishing the like in London, and would give £,^0 towards it. In the next entry, Pepys, with delightful candour, records his impressions. April 20th, 1667 — To Hackney Church, where very full, and found much difficulty to get pews. That which I went chiefly to see was the young ladies of the schools, whereof there is great store, very pretty ; and also the organ which is handsome, and tunes the psalms and plays with the people ; which is mighty pretty, and makes me mighty ernest to have a pair at our church ; I having almost a mind to give them a pair at our church ; I having a mind to give them a pair if they would settle a maintenance on them for it. There is no record as to whether Pepys's intention was carried into effect. Of the Organ which is now in the Church we have a full account in the Vestry Minutes, beginning with 1781, May 30, and ending with 1783, January 9, from which we learn that it was built by public subscrip- tion, and the amount collected was ^363 \2s. 6d. The Organ cost ^360. The builder was Samuel Green,' born in 1740; he was greatly patronised by King George III, and on this account was engaged in ' Green was appointed Tuner, at a salary of seven guineas. James Lloyd was the first Blower, at a salary of £Z. Miss Mary Hudson, daughter of Dr. Hudson, Master of the Singing Eoys of St. Paul's, was elected the first Organist, 1781, December 20, "by 131 votes out of 131," Salary 25 guineas. THE CHURCH FURNITURE. 43 all parts of the kingdom. There are twelve Cathedral and Collegiate Organs' constructed or restored by him, and five in City Churches.^ He died at Isleworth, September 14, 1796, at the age of 56. Our own organ, a G organ with three manuals, possesses the characteristics of sweetness and delicacy of tone for which Green's organs were remarkable. It has been enlarged and improved by the late Mr. Costello, and Messrs. Walker Bros. It is somewhat out of date, and, I am told, will before long require a considerable outlay, but the tone of the diapason (the double diapason and dulciana stops established Green's fame) is still very rich and mellow. The following is a description of the organ's several " departments," and the internal mechanism => : — CHOIR ORGAN (5 stops). GREAT ORGAN (10 stop I. Stopped Diapason. I. Stopped Diapason. 2. Dulciana. 2. Open Diapason (small). 3. Principal. 3. Open Diapason (large). 4. Fifteenth. 4. Clarabella. 5. Cremona. 5. Principal. 6. Twelfth. SWELL ORGAN (Tenor C, 6 stops). 7. Fifteenth. I. Stopped Diapason. 8. Sesquialtera. 2. Open Diapason. 9. Mixture. 3. Principal. 10. Trumpet. 4. Oboe. 5. Cornet (3 ranks). PEDAL ORGAN. 6. Trumpet. Open Diapason (16 feet.) COUPLERS. Choir to Pedals. Great to Pedals. Swell to Great. The two Benefaction Tables, on either side of the Organ, record the charities of the parish in 1763, with the names of the Churchwardens of that year, Richard Carter, and John Croshold. ' Canterbury ; St. George's, Windsor ; Salisbury ; Winchester College, etc. •^ St. Botolph Aldersgate Street ; St. Mary-at-Hill ; St. Michael Cornhill ; St. Peter-le-Poor ; and St. Clave Hart Street. ^See Dr. Rimbault's " History of the Organ," introductory to " The Organ," by E. J. Hopkins, Organist of the Temple Church. G 2 44 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. THE COMMUNION PLATE. The Communion Plate is very handsome, but none of it belongs to the Pre-Reformation period. With the exception of one alms dish from AUhallows', it belongs to the Parish of St. Olave, and consists of nine pieces silver-gilt, and five alms dishes, viz., one of metal electro-gilt, and four of pewter. The following is a complete list, showing the material, the dimensions, the weight, and the hall mark, if any, indicating the dates : — I. Chalice, silver gilt. Height, 8}^ inches; diameter, bowl A}i inches, foot zYz inches; weight, 16-3 ounces. "St. Olave Hart Street" under the foot; no hall mark visible. The bowl has been re-fixed. n. Chalice, silver gilt. Height, 8 J^ inches; diameter, bowl 4^ inches, foot 4 inches; vi^eight, 15-8 ounces. "St. Olave Hart Street" under the foot; hall mark almost effaced, probably not earlier than 1737. The stems of both chalices are probably of the same date as the older flagon. Made by T. F., maker of Patens Nos. IV and V. in. Paten, on foot, silver gilt, hexagonal. Diameter, top 6 inches, foot 4)^ inches; weight, 15-1 ounces. "St. Olave Hart Street" under the foot; hall mark, Lombardic cap P, indicating 161 2-13. Maker, T. F. in monogram in plain shield. IV. Paten, and foot, small round silver gilt. Diameter, top 5 ]4 inches, foot 2 % inches ; weight, 6'35 ounces. Engraved " St. Olave Hart Street" under the foot ; hall mark, Roman small b, indicating 1737-8. Maker T. F., two mullets in a heart shield. V. Paten, and foot, small round silver gilt. Diameter, top 5j^ inches, foot 2j^ inches ; weight, 6'35 ounces. Engraved under foot, hall mark, and maker same as the last. VI. Flagon, with cover, silver gilt. Height, 13}^ inches; diameter, base 6 J^ inches ; weight, S2"65 ounces. Engraved under foot : "The gift of Mr. to St. Olaves Church in Hart Streat, London, 1608." The lid is hall marked, Lombardic k, indicating 1607. Maker I. A. VII. Flagon, with cover, silver gilt. Height, 13}^ inches; diameter, base 6^ inches; weight, 55-65 ounces. Engraved on the face ; " Given by S' Rich'^ Beach Comifh' of y' Navy to y^ Parish of S' Olave in Hart Street." And under foot: "Delivered by his Executors T. Copping, T. Coleby, and W. Prescott, in Dec*'- 25, 1692." The lid is hall marked, black letter, small p, old English. Maker R. T., four pellets, two cinque foils, circular stamp. o VIII. Spoon, rat tail, silver gilt, half the bowl parcel ; weight, 2-1 ounces. Engraved S H ; hall mark nearly effaced, small b, indicating 1639-40 ; or small r, indicating 1654-5. n o S s G 2 O 2 > t=5 S o H < H K H THE BELLS. 45 IX. Alms Dish, silver gilt. Diameter, loyi inches; weight, i7'2 ounces. Engraved "Given by M' James Hadley to y= Parish of St. Olave, Hart Street, whereof he was Clarke for many years, Nov. 20, 1694." Hall mark, black letter, small o, indicating 1691. Maker H. S., in monogram. X. Alms Dish, metal, electro gilt, enamel medallion, in centre Royal Arms, surmounted with C. R. Diameter, 13}^ inches ; formerly belonged to Allhallows' Staining. XI-XIV. Four alms dishes, pewter, engraved with S. O. S., and a heart in the centre. Maker Henry Sewdley, his arms a double eagle. Numbers I, II, III, VI, VII, and X are shown in the illustration. THE BELLS. In the Tower of the church is a peal of six bells, remarkable for their sweetness of tone. All of them bear inscriptions and on four of them there is a rude representation of a shield, chiselled apparently out of the solid metal left in the founding for that purpose. The ornamental work is almost defaced, but the words are legible. The largest bell is 3-ft. 4-in. in diameter at the base, and is thus inscribed: — WILLIAM • GARFIELD ■ WILLIAM • ARNOLL CHURCH WARDENS ANTHONY • BARTLET • MADE ■ ME 16 62. Four bells have the following inscription : — ANTHONY • BARTLET • MADE • MEE 1662. Rose, Thistle and Shamrock. On the second of these four there is scarcely a trace of the shield. The sixth bell is inscribed : — ROBERT FULLER RICHARD TILDEN CHURCH WARDENS THO. COPPING RECTOR JACOBUS BARTLET ME FECIT 1694. 46 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. There is a small bell in the Cupola on which the old clock used to strike the hour. From the Vestry Minutes of 1785, March 28, we learn the date. Ordered " a new bell in the steeple for the clock, the other broke." The following extract from the Bell News and Ringers Record, Saturday, May 7, 1892, may be of interest :— London.— On Monday, April asth, at St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, City, Penning's 720 of Bob Minor (twenty-eight bobs and eighteen singles) W. F. Meads, i ;' H. N. Davis, i\ A. J. Perkins (conductor), 3 ; A. S. Barren, 4 ; E. T. Edridge, 5 ; H. Stubbs, 6. THE CLOCK. The Clock, the face of which has been seen projecting from the Steeple since 1891, is a relic of another St. Olave's. It belonged to St. Olave Jewry, until the removal of that Church. I consider myself happy in having been able to obtain it from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and present it to my parish. In former days, as the engraving (West and Toms) shows, a church clock projected over the principal door in Hart Street. The present clock is not as well seen as the one over the door was, but, owing to the drum being much nearer the clock-works, it keeps better time. The works were adapted to their present purpose, and a striking movement added by Messrs. Smith & Son, of Clerkenwell Green. The old clock over the doorway had to be wound up every day, and for many years was out of repair. SWORD STANDS. These picturesque pieces of church furniture, — we have no evidence of the existence of such earlier than Queen Elizabeth's reign, — are often admired by visitors who have, perhaps, no precise notion of the purpose which they served. It was, till very recently, the custom for the Lord Mayor, accom- panied by the Sheriffs, to attend divine service at a City church on Sunday morning, and, by their presence and their retinue, a larger congregation was drawn to the support of various charities. On these occasions the Lord ' First 720 Bob Minor. SWOI^n STANDS. 47 Mayor was escorted by the Bearer of the Mace, and the Bearer of the State Sword, and our forefathers often did honour to a parishioner elected to be Lord Mayor, by causing a sword stand, sword rest or " branch," sometimes called a "Trophy of Arms," to be placed upon his pew. It is easy to see how burdensome it became, when the officers of the Corporation no longer resided in the City, to give their attendance on ALLHALLOWS' I (p. 49). ST. OLAVE's I (p. 48). ST. OLAVE's II (p. 48). Sundays, and it was urged that a good deal of needless work was thrown upon the servants. The discontinuance of the custom, however, will render the sword stand an unmeaning piece of ecclesiastical furniture. Our parish church has four of these sword stands : two have always belonged to St. Olave's, two formerly belonged to Allhallows' Staining. 48 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLA VES HART STREET. ST. OLAVE'S :— I. In honour of Sir Charles Peers, Knight, and now placed on the south side of the chancel, is one of the prettiest in the City. Sir Charles, the son of Edmond Peers, Citizen and Grocer, was a Salter, Alderman of the Tower Ward, and Lord Mayor 17 15. This sword stand is referred to in the Minutes of Vestry held Nov. 2nd, 1715 : " Ordered : That a Branch be put up on the pew of the Right Hon. S"" Charles Peers, Knight, Lord Maior of this City, for the Sword, at the charge of the Parish." "Also Nov. 9th. That the Branch agreed on in y" last Vestry for the Lord Major to fix the Sword on, be made after the Pattern of that in St. Katherine Cree Church which was made for S' Samuel Stanier." The arms on this sword stand are : — I. Quarterly of four. I. England impaling Scotland. 2. France. 3. Ireland. 4. Hanover. II. City of London. III. The Sal ters' Company. IV. Sable, a chevron between three escallops argent, a chief or. This last bearing belongs to Linacre. The arms should actually be, sable a chevron between three lions' heads erased argent, a chief or. [Peers.] A fifth shield bears the date 17 15. II. In honour of Daniel Lambert, Esq., and is placed at the end of a bench in the south aisle. Daniel Lambert, Vintner, Alderman "of the Tower Ward, and Lord Mayor, 1741, was a cadet of the family of Lambert, of Lambert's Oaks and i^ Perrott's Manor, in the county of Surrey, and ALLHALLows' .1 (p. 49)- marricd at Banstead, Mary, daughter of John Wilmot, Citizen and Haberdasher, of London. The print of the North East Prospect of St. Olave's Church, published by West and Thoms, was dedicated to him. He was afterwards knighted, and was M.P. for the City of London, He died May 13, 1750, aged 65, of prison fever, to which SWOI?D STANDS. 49 the Lord Chief Justice of that day also succumbed. See Vestry Minute, March 30th, 1741 : — "Ordered that Rt. Hon'''= Dan' Lambert Esq the present Lord Mayor have Pew fifitted up suitable for his Lordship." The armorial bearings are: — \, II, as before. III. The Vintners' Company. IV. Gules, three narcissus flowers argent and a canton or, a mullet of the last for difference, impaling, argent a fesse gules between three eagles' heads erased sable. [Wilmot] [Monumental Inscription at Banstead, Surrey.] ALLH ALLOWS'.— I. At the end of the bench in the north aisle is a sword stand of Sir John Thompson, Knight, Vintner, Alderman of Langbourn Ward, Lord Mayor, 1736-7, died February 18, 1750, aged 79 years, and buried in the Church of St. Michael, Crooked Lane. The armorial bearings are: — I, II, as before. III. The Vintners' Company. IV. Gules, three bends argent, on a canton of the last a lion passant sable, over all on an escutcheon of pretence, or, a fret sable. [Eaton]. II. At the north side of the choir is the Sword Stand of Sir William Plomer, Knight, Bricklayer and Tiler, Alderman of Langbourn Ward, Lord Mayor, ]78i. The armorial bearings are : — I, II, as before. III. The Bricklayers' and Tilers' Company. IV. Per chevron flory counterflory, argent and gules, three martlets counterchanged. In 1870, when Allhallows' was united with St. Olave's, it appears, though the writer was not then aware of it, that there were four sword stands belonging to Allhallows'. Two were secured for St. Olave's, but two were recently found in an ironmonger's shop, and they both belonged to Allhallows' Staining, and were purchased by the writer of an interesting article upon " Sword Stands in the City Churches," the third of a series, in the City Press, August i6th, 1893.' " Properly speaking [I quote from the article], they should have gone to the church of St. Olave, Hart Street, but as there are already four sword stands they were presented — the one to ' The first paper upon the subject appeared in the City Press, Wednesday, April 5 ; the second on Wednesday, June 21. H so THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STFEET. the neighbouring Church of St. Andrew Undershaft, and the other to Allhallows in London Wall." Although these sword stands are not to be found in the church of the United Parish, it will be fitting that a record of them should be preserved in its annals. I. The sword stand presented to the Church of St. Andrew Undershaft, was placed in Allhallows Staining in honour of Sir William Stewart, Citizen and Barber-surgeon, Alderman of Cripplegate Ward, Lord Mayor, 1721. The armorial bearings are: — L i and 4. England; 2. Scotland; 3. Ireland; over all, Hanover, as pretence. IL City of London. IIL Or, a fesse chequy of the field and azure, over all a bend engrailed of the last debruised by a bendlet gules. IL The sword stand presented to the Church of Allhallows, London Wall, which was previously without such a piece of church furni- ture, was originally set up in Allhallows Staining, in honour of Thomas Rawlinson, Citizen and Grocer, Alderman of Broad Street Ward, Lord Mayor, 1753. The armorial bearings are: — I. City of London. II. Gules, four barrulets between three escallops argent [Rawlinson] impaling, argent, a chevron gules, between nine cloves sable, six and three. [Grocers' Company]. This seems the proper place for mentioning two good specimens of ironwork, viz. : the hat stands in the organ gallery, which formerly belonged to Allhallows'. The stand on the south side is very prettily ornamented with two large sunflowers. THE CHURCHYARDS AND THE PRINCIPAL GATEWAY. The entrance to the churchyard adjoining the Church is an object of interest, with its emblems of mortality, skulls and cross bones wrought in stone. It attracted the attention of Dickens, and in his " Uncommercial Traveller," chapter xxi, entitled the " City of the Absent," he gives an THE CHURCHYARDS AND THE PRINCIPAL GATEWAY. SI accurate description of it. " One of my best beloved churchyards I call the Churchyard of Saint Ghastly Grim. . . It is a small, small churchyard, with a ferocious strong spiked iron gate like a jail." His visit to it " by the light of the lightning," is worth reading. THE CHURCHYARD GATE IN SEETHING LANE. There is an inscription immediately above the entrance, the date of which is illegible, but the words from Philippians i, v. 21, may still be seen : — Mihi vivere Chrislus Et mori lucrum. H 3 S3 THE ANNALS OF ST. LAVES HART STREET. There is a smaller burial ground on the other side of Seething Lane, and J. B. G., in Gent. Mag., referred to, speaks of the entrance as though he were describing the Gateway just mentioned. " One of those examples which, although not very rare, yet possess a superfluity of carving in which deaths' heads, etc., are bountifully introduced, they are nevertheless objects of curiosity." Possibly this suggestive imagery expressed the vivid idea of death which the great Plague had stamped on men's imaginations. Newcourt, 1708, has this reference to the smaller burial ground : — "On March 25, 1680 [about fourteen years after the Plague], there was a piece of ground on the east-side of Sything Lane, over against the east- end of this Church [i.e.., St. Olave's], walled in, containing in length 36 foot, and in breadth 22 foot, consecrated for this Parish by the present Bishop of London " [Bishop Compton]. THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. CHAPTER IV. Interior of St. Olave's Church prior to the Reformation. Altars or Chapels mentioned in Wills. Trade Fraternities or Guilds, predecessors of the City Companies. Fifteenth Century Gifts to the Church; donors, Fermer, Bosard and Corston. Chantries. Sir Richard Ifaddon's Chantry Bequest, 1525. Chantry Certificates in the Record Office. Detailed List of Church Goods as certified by the Churchwardens of St. Olave's at the Guildhall in 1552. Ritual of a Funeral at St. Olave's in 1557. ^'Apaire of Organes" alluded to in 1^08 and 1332. ,S the Church of St. Olave existed many years before the Reformation — the present structure having probably been built about the middle of the fifteenth century, as mentioned in chapter ii — we naturally endeavour to form a notion as to what were the internal arrangements of the building, and what church furniture, vestments, and ecclesiastical usages were in vogue at that period. In the adjoining parish of Allhallows Staining, the Churchwardens' Accounts, from the year 1491, have been preserved, and throw much light on ecclesiastical matters in the sixteenth century,' but our Parish records are not old enough to help us here. Still, there is another source of information open to us, which will gratify our curiosity to some extent — I mean .pre- Reformation Wills. As we read these, we can picture to ourselves the Church of St. Olave and the sanctuary ; the beam across the entrance to the chancel, with the rood or crucifix attached to it, and a light hanging from the rood beam, the beam-light, ' See chapter xxiii. 54 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVKS HART STREET. as it was called, kindled, and always burning before the high altar. In the north choir there was doubtless the Lady Chapel containing the altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in splendour second only to the high altar ; in the south choir, perhaps, the chapel of our Lady and Saint George ; in the north aisle, it may be, " y' image of Saynte Olave" ; and in the south aisle, the chapel of Saint Stephen. This imaginative reconstruction of the interior of St. Olave's Church as it was before the Reformation, is supported by statements in the following Wills of persons giving directions as to their place of burial in St. Olave's, viz. : — " Before the altar of St. Mary," Hurer, 1303, Hust. " In the chapell of our lady and St. George," William Robyns, the younger, 1529, P.C.C. 13, Jankyn. " Before ye ymage of Saynte Olave," Salle, 1496, P.C.C. [A filed will.] " In the chapell of Seint Stephyn," Cely. See chapter ii, p. 22. " Before the Sacrament {i.e., reserved) over the High Aulter in the Quer " ; mention is also made of " an aulter of Saynct George." John Robyns, mercer and merchant of the staple at Calais, 1512-13, P.C.C. 2 and 15, Fetiplace. "In the chancel," John atte Welle, hurer {cap maker), 1380, Comt Ct. I, Courtney, fo. 9. " On the north side of the chancel," John Lakford, also hurer, 1409, and his widow Alice, 1410, Com. Ct. 2, Brown, fos. 8 and 6. "On the south side," John Bosard, rector, 1404, P.C.C. 54, Brown. " For the maintaining of the beam-light," Bosard, supra. The beam-light, however, was but one of many lights or candles that were burning in St. Olave's. Before every altar one would see wax tapers or lights, especially before the altar of St. Mary; and on the Great Festivals no contrast could be greater than was presented as the worshipper entered the parish church from the little, narrow, dimly lighted street in which it stood. Again and again we read of bequests for maintaining wax in St. Olave's, and divers lights, and it was quite customary for the testator to leave for this purpose "conscience money" for tithes forgotten or wilfully THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. 55 withheld, e.g., " Before the altar of St. Mary." — Hurer, 1303, ffzisL " For maintaining wax in St. Olave's." — De la More, Cecilia (late wife of Ralph), 1315, HusL "Divers lights." — Glaston, 1374, HusL "For tithes for- gotten, etc." — Tromy, 1463, P.C.C. 2, Godyn, already quoted. In the fourteenth century people of the same trade in one parish, or in several parishes, formed themselves into a Brotherhood or Fraternity, and placed themselves under the protection of a particular Saint whose Festival they made a point of observing. They had masses said or sung for the souls of the members of the Brotherhood ; and they had wax tapers maintained at their own cost ; ex ztno disce omnes, in the Will of one Hynelond, clerk, proved 1372, Htist., there are bequests inter alia for maintenance of the light of St. Mary, and of the light of " Wolwyrchers in St. Olave's near the Tower." Quite likely there were also other Fraternities for whom masses were said, and lights kept burning.' These Fraternities must not be confounded with the City Companies, which latter indeed, as a rule, grew out of them. We have but a meagre record of the vestments, etc., which were in use in St. Olave's prior to the Reformation, but here are a few notices of such bequests : — Fermer (Lambert), 1402, Hust., left a vestment of black satein, with apparel, to serve at the altar of St. Mary, in St. Olave's. Bosard (Rector), 1404, also referred to above, "bequeathed for the use of his church his book called the new Tropery." This was an office book, formerly used in the Western Church, containing the tropes, i.e., the phrases or verses occasionally interpolated in the " Introit," " Kyrie," " Gloria in Excelsis," " Sanctus," and "Agnus Dei." Tropes have not been used, it is said, since the sixteenth century, and the book became merged generally in the Gradual. And another Rector, Richard Corston, leaves to the Church of St. Olave, "vnu quat^'nu^ in quo cont s^luiciu'' Festiuitatf Corpis xj3i. . . . ' In chapter xvii some details are given of two Fraternities in connection with the church of the Crutched Friars. ^Quaternum. Ducange says ; " Chartae compactie," that is, in eflfect, a quarto volume. 'Servicium. A service book for the festivals of Corpus Christi and St. Anne. S6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. aliu quatlnu in quo cont s^luiciu festiuitatf see Anne vnu vestimentu de Worstede blod" colons Cum duob3 towell' ad vsum sepeliend' in eadm ecctia . . . vna Capam de serico et auro voc Ragamass.3 Itm lego eidm ecctie duo pcessionalt." 't Prob. 1459-60, Com. Ct. 5 Sharp, fo. 209. CHANTRIES. One or more of the chapels in St. Olave's which have been mentioned— and there were probably others of which we have no record — were Chantry Chapels, i.e., little shrines or side altars at which the priest daily celebrated mass for the good of a single family, as well for the repose of the souls of deceased members, as for the prosperity of the living. To make provision for a number of masses to be said for the benefit of the testator's soul, was a much commoner and less expensive usage than to endow a chantry and chantry priest. Testators often prescribed a "trental,"5 i.e., thirty masses, and left bequests to certain Orders of Friars to provide for their celebration. The chantry priest^ was quite independent of the Rector of the Church. The following are a few examples referring to St. Olave's parish : — John de Sudbury's will, 1346,' contains bequests to various religious orders for celebrating a trental for the good of his soul, and the souls of Cristiana, his wife, and others ; also, the moiety of the value of a tenement ^Sc. blocUi. Med. Lat., i.e., the colour of blood. ^To be used in the burial office. "A cope of silk and gold, called Ragamass. Racamas, a kind of precious cloth, from the Spanish "recamar," and the Hebrew "racam," to embroider. Ducange, Gloss. Cf. Judges v, 30, cm "racam,"= "needlework," etc. •' Processionalia. Two service books regulating processions. * Three masses were to be said on each of the ten chief festivals. °A chaplain to say mass: Hewete, Rector, 1427. Com. Ct. 3 More, fo. 3. And ran to Londone, unto seynte Poules, To seeken him a chaunterie for soules. Chaucer. The Prologue, I. jog. Of chantries in .St. Paul's Cathedral, Dugdale writes: "Of these the most ancient that I have met with was founded, as I guess, about the beginning of King Henry II's reign, consisting of one priest to celebrate Divine Service for the soul of Master John de London, and for the souls of all the faithful deceased, Alardus being then dean of this church," p. 27. And on page 44 he writes : " All which chantries so continuing till their Dissolution, I Edward VI [1547], were then no more but 25 (the several unions before specified having reduced them to that number), linto which did then belong fifty-four priests who celebrated daily for the souls of their founders."—" History of St. Paul's Cathedral," by Sir William Dugdale. Second Edition, 1716. ' Hust. THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. 57 in Marte-lane in reversion, for maintaining a chantry in the church of Saint Olave. Richard Swyneforde, woolmonger, 1353," directed that his body be buried at the entrance to the church of Saint Olave near the Tower, and left divers sums- for torches and wax tapers to be used at his funeral; also bequests to the four orders of Friars within the City, and provision to be made for chantries in the church of St. Olave and the church of St. Mary de Kyngesswynforde [Worcestershire]. The testator's dispositions in one clause of this will, suggest a curious comparative estimate between his daughter Margery's right to marry and the good of her father's soul. — "To Margery his daughter a tenement in Chickenlane . . . and divers household chattels ; but, in the event of her marriage the whole of what is so left to her is to be devoted to the benefit of the testator's soul." Thomas Miller, 1507-8' (will dated 1472), left the reversion of a quit rent issuing from a tenement in Martlane to Robert Gower, parson of St. Oloffes, and Churchwardens, for the souls of Robert Trot, talough chaundeler, Margery and Anneys, wives of the same, and others. Special mention should be made of the chantry referred to in the Certificate, Edward VI, in which it is recorded that Sir Richard Haddon, 1524-5,' alderman and mercer, left to Katherine his wife, a messuage, garden and three tenements in Syvedon \Seething\ Lane for life, charged with the maintenance of a chantry in the church of St. Olave next the Tower, and the observance of an obit, i.e., of the anniversary of his death, sometimes called " year's mind." The reversion he bequeathed to the Mercers' Company, with the same obligations, and, in default, to the Grocers' Company, under like conditions. Chantry chapels, however, were associated with the doctrine of purgatory, and with pardons, or indulgences which were connected with that doctrine, and chantries were suppressed or dissolved at the Reformation, in the reign of Edward VI. It is to the Chantry Certificates and the Inventory of Church Goods, "a return to the Kyngs Majestes Commission made in 1552," that we are chiefly indebted for our knowledge ■ Hust. I 58 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. of the ecclesiastical furniture and vestments, etc., in St. Olave's on the eve of the Reformation and at its commencement' The original documents are at the Public Record Office, and the following is a copy of those that refer to this Parish : — Extracts N"- 8i, 82. The poche of St. Olaues in Towrestret. liij= iiij'' wherof xiiij= viij'' No. 34. I To the Kyngg 1 mayestey yerely for ij quitrentg in thole And then 1 remaynethe Ixxxviij^ viij'' clere AUG. OFF.' CHANTRY CERT, Robrt lawrence and Thomas Faux gave vnto the JPson and Churchewardens scig for the yerely kepyng of ij obites or annyu'lsaryes w' in the seid Churche two Tentg of the yerely value of Ther is of Howselying people w'in the seid pische the nomber of Sir John Johnson is gson of the seid Churche and his psonage is vvorthe by yere xxj'' who s'luethe the Cure hym selff w'oute any helpe. Memoranct one Thomas Fyke by Thappoyntement of Sir John Alleyn Knyght Deceassed Receved into his Custody Ix'' to thentente that 1'' pcell thereof shulde be geven amounge the pore in the seid pische after x^ the weke. And x'' resydew to be geven to pore maydenes mareges of the whiche of Ix" the seid Pyke haithe not bestowed above x'' iiij'^ XXXV. \ AUG: OFF St. Olaues merke lane. The doners of the Lande. Richard Haddons Chauntry. The value of the same. CHANTRY CERT. The names of the Incumbents. Ther yerly Stipends. No. 88. ^Yhat other Promocons. S' Thomas ( y'^ land ( Tide (unknowen ( Chauntry prest The names of the Conductes. none. 13 JULY, 1552. CHURCH GOODS. ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The Sertyfycat or awnswer of Edwarde Halys and Thomas Smythe Churche wardeyns of the pishe Churche of Saynt Olave in Harte Strete in the Citie of London to certeyne Articles vnto theim exhibited at the Guyld Hall in London vpon the xiij'^ day of July in the syxtc yere of the Reinge of oure Soverayne Lorde Kynge Edwarde the Syxte' by sir Richarde Dobes Knight ' The Office for the Augmentation of the Revenues of the Crown. ^Th3 Second Book of Comtmn Prayer of Edward VI came into use in this year. THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. 59 Lorde Mayre of the same Citie and other oure Soverayne Lorde the Kyng^ Comyssyoners assigned to take the [sur]vey and knoledge of the Curche goodes and Ornamentj= w'Mn the same Citie. Inprimis to the firste article we Certifie that Henry Browne and John Cutbarte were Churchewardeyns of our said gishe in the fyrst yere of the reigne of oure Soverayne lorde the Kynge that nowe ys. Item to the Seconde article we Certifie that we now have belongyng and Appertainyng to our saide Churche and in our handg and custody the goodes plate Juells Copes belles and other Ornamentg herafter followyng that ys to say Inprimis A Comunyon Cup w' a square patten Itm A Cope of white Damaske. Itm A Cope of blew Damaske Itm ij other olde Copes of sylke w' byrdes Itm A Herse Clothe of Clothe of golde Itm A Herse Clothe of blake and red velvet Itm xviij albes of Lynnen Clothe. Itm vj alter Clothes of Dyaper. Itm V surplesses. Itm a byble of the Largest volume. Itm iij paraphrases' of the Exposicion of the gospell. Itm ij Comunyon bokes. Itm v Salters and iij prykesonge° bokes. Itm A greate Chest w' iij lokes. Itm ij other Chestg and A presse for Copes. Itm A Carpet for the Comunyon table of brydges ^ satten. Itm ther remanyth in the Stiple iiij greate beles and A Saunce bell.* Itm in the quyere A paire ' of Organes. Itm A table w' the Tressellg Item to the third article we Delyver at this p^lsence here vnder wrytten the true Copy of the Inventory certified to the Late bysshop of London. Inprimis in DecemBr A° 1548 solde to John Langley goldsmith as myche plate parcell gylt after iiij' 'f the Ownce as Amontyd to Ivj ' xiiij^ j*" oB q' as by the particulers ready to by shewed may Appere. ' By Erasmus ; ordered, 1547, to be translated and a copy to be in every parish church. ^ Music pricked or noted down, full of flourish and variety, {v. Halliwell). ' Bruges. 'A saunce or sacring bell is either the small bell rung in the church at times during mass, or a bell for the same purpose hung in a turret outside the church. Sacring=:consecration of the mass. "At the sacring of the mass, I saw The holy elements alone." Tennyson, "Holy Grail.'''' * A pair of organs " meant simply an organ luith ino>-e pipes than one." Cf."^ pair of stairs. " Dr. Rimbault's '• History of the Organ," p. 41. I 2 6o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Itm solde at that tyme to hym iiij"" iij ownces of plate all gylt after iiij' iiij* the Ownce Amontynge to xvij" x' xj**. Itm sold syns that tyme of the Comyng out of the Kyngg maiesties iniunccyons certeine brase metall belongyng to the said Churche and also certeine peauter amountyng all together to the sume of xliiij' Of whiche said money Ix'' therof is occupying to iij honest yong men or the same pishe thei gyvyng yerly for the occupyng therof after the Rate of the Kyng^ Acte And whiche money so yerly comyng is imployed and bestowed parte vpon the Reparacions of the Curche and the overplus Distributed to and A mongste the poore of the same pish and the Residews is Remanyng in the [handg] of the Curche Wardeyns and hath ben and is to be bestowed vpon the reparacyons of the same Churche as Apperith by the churche boke. Itm to the forth Article we certifie that [John burnell] and Symonde More Churche Wardeyns the third yere of the reigne of our saide Soveraigne lorde the Kyng that now ys of our saide pish dyd sell to Harry Browne thes pcell^; of plate herafter foUowyng that is to say cxxvij owncg di q5' at vj^ the owncg Inprimis a Crosse w'owt yron poig' - xlix owncg di Itm a Chalys w' A paten all gylt poi? xxjx owncg di Itm a Chalys w' A paten pcell gylte poiji xvij ouncg Itm a Chalys w' A paten pcell gylt poig x owncf di q3' Itm a Crysmytory" pcell gylt poi? xv oncg q5' Itm a paxe^ w' Crystall poi? xviij oncg iij q3 Itm a Mawdelyn* boxe poi3 - vij oncf qs' Itm a Lytell Caster poij iij qa' Sm" xxxix" xij* viij*^ Wherof Symon More paid for the Mawdelyn boxe xxx^ Itm sold by the saide John Burnell and Symon More Copes vestment^ and Lynin Amontyng to the sume of xxiiii'' ix= xj"* the pticulers we cannot by eny meanes bryng forth. Layd owt. Inprimis Laid owt by the said John burnell and Symon More Churche Wardeynes for the castyng of all the lede of the Southe yle of the Churche for Nayles and [soldar ?] and for the Cariadge of the Leade to and fro vj'' xij^ Itm for Rafters quarters borde Nayles and Workmanship - y" viij^ 'poi3=weight; di=^ ; q3'=i ; o^=\d. ' A vessel containing the chrism or holy oil. See Office of Baptism in First Prayer Book of Edward VI. 'Orosculatory, u small tablet kissed during certain masses. Substituted in the thirteenth century for the customary kiss of [seace. - A box with a cover, the name coming from the covered box with which St. Mary Magdalene is represented in art, See Notes and Queries, x, 474, second series. THE PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. 6i Itm to Dyveres Laborers - - xij' viij"^ Itm the said Symon More boght ij Cupes and A Cover for the Mynystracyon of the Comunyon- xxv" xij^ Itm the seid John Burnell sold one of the said cupes weying xxvij oncg iij qz' di at vj^ x'' the once to John Renolds Goldsmith Amontyng to [ix'' x'* ij'' ol5 qz']. All whiche plate sold and the money bestowed as [is afore] said was Done by the Churche Wardeynes and be the .... of the pishe And the Resydew remanyth in the handg of [the] vnder wrytten that ys to say Inprimis remanyth in the handg of John Wylford - xxxvij'" Itm remanyth in the handg of Symon More xx'' Itm remanyth in handg of Thomas May Wolman xx'' Sm'' Ixxvij'' all Whiche money ys belongyng to our said pish at thys p'Isente. And as tochyng any more or furder Certaintye then is before declared we cannot by any meanes or Wayes shew or declare. J3 me Edwardu Halys jj me [Thomas Smithe]. [Endorsed] The Inventory of Saynt Olave in Harte Strete. On looking through the Inventory, we are struck with the quantity of silver-gilt plate that had been disposed of, and how very little remained to the use of the Church, indeed no more than " a Comunyon Cup w' a square patten," or paten, see p. 59. The rest, about 520 oz. of silver, was sold, of the total value of about ^^125. With the accession of Queen Mary, however, the old ritual was revived, and some ornaments and vestments were restored to churches,' but as far as St. Olave's is concerned the only information I have found is contained in certain directions in the will of John Johnson, Rector of St. Olave's from 1530 to 1557. Here is a brief extract — -"I desire to be buried before the High Alter of Saincte Olyves. I will that on the dale of my buriall I have six preists and four clearkes to synge Dirige and masse, and the same preists to sale masse of the Trynytie, of the holie ' See chapter xxiii, extracts from the Churchwardens' Books of Allhallows Staining, for the first year of Queen Mary's reign, 1553-4. 62 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLA VE'S HART STREET. Ghoste, of the Assumpcon of our Ladie, and of the feaste Corporis Christi, and to have foure tapers burnt and sixe staf torches." 1557, Sept. 30, P.C.C. 35, Wrastley. It will be noticed that the Churchwardens certified, July 13, 1552, that "we have now belongyng to our saide churche a paire of organes." It is, probably, the same organ that is mentioned in the will of Thomas Miller, 1507-8, see p. 57, in which he leaves to Robert Gower, parson of the Church of St. Oloffes and churchwardens of the same the reversion of a quit rent of thirteen shillings for pious uses in the said parish church. " The Clerk of the said Church," he enjoins, " is to have for his labour fourteen pence and so that he find oon [one] persone to kepe the Quere at same our lady masse while he plaith at organs or elles that he kepe the quere whiles that the same personne pleyes at organs." In case of default remainders over. THE MONUMENTS. CHAPTER V. Short account^ principally from " Stow" of ancient Monuments no longer existing in the church. Memorials still existing. The Brasses — /. Sir Richard Iladdon, about 1524. II. John and Ellyne Org07te, 1584. III. George Schrader, 160S. IV. Sir Andrew Riccard^ idjz. V. Thomas Alorley, 1566. I. ANCIENT MONUMENTS, NOT NOW EXISTING. ITH the aid of Stow, edit. Strype, 1720, and Maitland, 1756, we are able to give the following list, arranged chronologically, with a few brief notes. I. Sir Hamond Vaughan, Knight. Stow gives no date, but in 1394, Hamo Vaughan, Kt. (Comm. Ct. i Courtney) directs his body to be buried in the Church of St. Olave next the Tower of London. 2. John, Clarenciaulx King of Arms, 1427. Here is Maitland's account, which is much fuller than Strype's. " There was in the middle isle, a flat stone inlaid with brass, the figure of a King of Arms in his Coat and Crown, and underneath was, formerly, this inscription, of which the date of the year was lately remaining in the old black letter : — Orate pro anima Johannis Clarencevx Regis Armorvm qvi obijt vjto die Mensis Febrvarii, An. Dom. mccccxxvii. It is not mentioned by Stow what was the Sirname of this Clarenceux ; but it is supposed to have been Arundell ; for there is this 64 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. entry in the office of the Chamberlain of London, i6 Henry VI, viz. Richardus Arundell, "Filius Johannis Clarenceux Regis Armorum, venit hie coram Camerario et cognovit se esse Apprenticium Roberti Ashely civis et Aurifabri, etc. 3. Robert Byrche, woolpacker, 1433. Inscription, " Orate pro anima Roberti Byrche, Woolpacker : Qui obiit Vicesimo Septimo die Julii Anno Dom. 1433, Cujus Anims propitietur Deus. 4. Dame Johane, wife to Sir John Zouch, 1439. 5. Richard Cely and Robert Cely, " principall builders and bene- factors of this Church." No date is given by Stow, but the will of Richard, son of the above-mentioned Richard Cely, was proved in 1493. See p. 22. 6. Thomas Sawle. No date, but he is probably the same as Tho. Salle, generosus, who in his will 1496, see p. 54, directs his body to be buried in this Church, " before y^ image of Saynte Olave." In the Harleian Society's Publications, vol. xiii, p. 43, " Brigita filia Thome Sale de Callis et de London, gener. She was the first wife of Sigismundus Coton de Panfield in co. Essex Armiger a°- 25 Henry VIII. Coton (Cotton) held the manor of Panfield (or Pantfield Hall). See Morant's " Essex," II, p. 406b, where this marriage is noted. 7. " Thomas Penthoit, Citizen and Upholder, of London, and Joane, his wife. He deceased the 7th day of April, An. Dom. 1521." 8. Thomas Burnell, mercer, described in his will, 1548 (P.C.C. 25 Populwell) as "of the pishe of Saynt Olaves in the Tower Warde in London and marchant of the Staple at Callys" directs his body " to be buried where y' pleaseth almightie god at the discression of my executors." He bequeaths " to xxx honest po' houfeholders of this pyshe of S' O. eache of them ii' & vi''- Itm more to xxx po' ffolks of the said pyshe eche of them xvi''- Itm to xxx po"^ houfeholders of West Drayton, etc. 9. Philip Van Wyllender, Esquire, Musician and one of the Privie Chamber to King Henry the Eighth of most famous memory, and to King Edward the Sixth ; who dyed the 24th day of February, An. Dom. 1553, THE MONUMENTS. 65 and had issue by Frances, his wife, foure sonnes and two daughters. He desires to be buried in St, Olave's ; he has property at Cerne Abbey, Dorset, and Leighton, Essex. See his will, 1552-3, P.C.C. i Tashe. 10. A marble monument, near the Schrader brass, with an inscription : D. O. M. Matthaeo Babalio, Nobili Ragusino, pietate ac pro- bitate insigni, immaturaq ; morte vita defuncto. Anno ^tatis suee 27, Domino vero, 1576, Mens. Junio. \See Bur. Reg., 1567. June 5.] 11. Thomas Beckingham, Esquire, Merchant of the Staple, at Calais, and Anne, his wife. He deceased the 4th day of December, An. Dom. 1576. And she the 22nd of May, 1565. 12. George Stoddard, Merchant. 1 3. There was a fair stone in the middle He, with these words about it : Here lyeth the body of ALICE HULL, the Wife of WALTER HULL,' of London, Gentleman, Who was buried the 16 day of November, Anno. Dom. 1627. In the middle of the stone, with their Armes over it, these words : — Though we are dead, yet our lives are hid in Christ with God, Christ is to me, both in life and death, advantage. Though my flesh faileth, and my heart also, yet God is the strength of my heart and my portion for ever. n.— MONUMENTS STILL EXISTING. Although St. Olave's church has not memorial brasses and marble monuments equal to those possessed by St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, and Allhallows' Barking, still, the memorials in St. Olave's are in themselves of much interest, and have a peculiar charm from their colour and grouping. During 1869 and 1870, they received a large addition by the transfer to this church of the monuments of Allhallows' Staining, upon the union of the two parishes. It is proposed to describe in the first place, the monuments with their inscriptions and armorial bearings in St. Olave's church and church- yard ; and secondly, the monuments from Allhallows' Church, leaving the three that are still in the churchyard of Allhallows' Staining to be recorded in a later part of this work, i.e., in chapter xx. ' See Appendix. Benefactions. K 66 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. THE BRASSES. All the monumental brasses will be found in the south choir with the exception of the Morley brass, which is in the north choir. I. — SIR RICHARD HADDON, Lord Mayor 1506 and for part of 15 12. Near the vestry door is the earliest monument now existing in St. Olave's, a Purbeck marble stone, inlaid with brass. Its original position was on the north side of the sanctuary, where it was hidden under oak panelling for many years, and this may account for no reference being made to it in Maitland's London, 1756. In the Journal of the British Archceological Association, vol. i, p. 58, in the year 1846, there is a reference to its recent discovery, on the removal of a panel. It remained in the sanctuary till 1870, when the construction of a chancel and raising the floor level, necessitated its being placed elsewhere. The Munday edition of Stow, 1633, thus describes it: — "In the chancell. In the wall on the north side, is an ancient monument, but very much defaced, appearing to belong to Sir Richard Haddon, Mercer, and Lord Maior of London, with some show of two wives, two sonnes, and three daughters, but the plates of memory are gone." George R. Corner, F.S.A., a distinguished antiquary in his day, wrote to me, about 30 years ago, to this effect : "No doubt this monument is H addon's, as his arms were or, a leg couped at the; thigh, and the monument has also a leg with the foot upwards for a crest. The arms of the Mercers' Company also corroborate this, and the other shields containing the arms of his wife's family, and possibly also his family quarterings, but I have not made out to what families they belong." The armorial bearings are : — I. A single hose.' Crest : (over an esquire's helmet) A man's leg couped below the thigh, in armour, the foot upwards, the toe pointing to the dexter, spur on heel. (The shield is ' This is a canting or punning coat and denotes that Haddon must have been a Mercer by trade as well as a member of the Mercers' Company. His actual coat was a leg couped at the thigh ; the one in question is the covering of the period for the foot and leg, the open square at the top shows where the garment was secured by points or laces to the under part of the doublet. His hereditary coat doubtless suggested to Haddon the canting but perfectly correct sign, which suspended over the door of his shop would indicate the particular kind of trade that he followed. i '■'- vv">W' MiSmffil>««q||yil»aHa«|||j|f||^.r.^ .. T." ■'■''""-."WMiJag^,,^^,,, j».,.«Sfc>(< MONUMENT OK SIR RICHARD HADDON. K 2 68 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. coucWe.) II. Barry nebulae of six, on a chief, a lion passant. [Merchants of the Staple.] III. Shield of the Mercers' Company. IV. On a chevron between three lions rampant, the two in chief respecting each other, as many roundles. [Norland or Northland.] V. Quarterly of four: — I. Five roundles in saltire and a chief [Byfield.] 2. A chevron between three eagles' legs erect and erased a la cuisse, ermine. [.''Wortham and Byfield pedigree sketches.] 3. Bendy of six. 4. A chief dancettee. See Haddon and Wyndeut pedigree sketches (A, B, C) in the Appendix. Over the matrix, which once contained the plate in memory of Richard Haddon himself, is a scroll with the following inscription in Old English characters : — " Te deum pr^em ingenitum a quo 01a confitemur." Above the wife, to the right of Sir Richard, is a matrix ; but the brass is gone. It is more than probable that it was an invocation or a confession of the Second Person in the Trinity : " Te filium unigenitum per quem 01a confitemur." Above the wife to the left of Sir Richard is a scroll inscribed : " Te spiritu peraclitu in quo 01a confitemur." Over the first wife's three children, Brigitta, Anna, Brigitta, is the following: " Libera nos salva nos iustifica nos o beata trinitas"; and over the second wife's two children, Willm and John, are the words "Te unum in su[bstantia trinitatem] in personis confitem'." The large matrix under the principal shield probably once contained an emblem of the Trinity. In the foregoing scrolls the words are for the most part taken from the Antiphons for Trinity Sunday in the Sarum Breviary, but in the invocation addressed to the Trinity "libera nos, salva nos, iustifica nos," "iustifica" has been substituted for "vivifica." It is believed that the use of "iustifica," as applied to the third Person in the Blessed Trinity, is exceptional. Yet, curiously enough, this word occurs, and in the same connexion, in the Rawson brass, 15 18, in Allhallows' Barking. This brass is in memory of Christopher Rawson, whose brother, Richard Rawson, junior, was Rector of St. Olave's from 15 10 to 1518, when he resigned. The Rawson and Haddon brasses are therefore about the same date. The families were probably well acquainted with each other, and it is quite possible that the inscriptions, which are exactly alike, were from the same hand. THE MONUMENTS. 69 II.— JOHN AND ELLYNE ORGONE. The entry in the Register is : — 1580, June 7. Ellin the wife of M' John Organ aged 54 years of a swelling in the head. There is no entry of John's burial. At the east end of the south aisle is a tablet, inlaid with brass, to the memory of John Orgone and Ellyne his wife, with two small figures in the usual costume of the sixteenth century. There are two scrolls over the figures with the words: " Learne to dye " — " ys ye waye to life." Between them is the representation of a wool pack, upon which is a trade mark with the initials on either side of it : "I O." Below the merchant's mark are the words : " In God is my whole trust," and the initials are re- i6])oletrnft ao3 fliQ, sou %Mt^ti>-«^r CcOnOT'S 5CHKADERVS Bm>,swi(;/^ ASn ICBo™iu >.>a*>^wi.w>v>vy» {tSSwgSS ' In error for requiescit. The entry in the Register is : — 1605, October 5. George Shraddier stranger out of Mr. Howell's howse buried in the Chancell. The armorials bearing are : — 1. A hon's head erased,^ crowned. Crest : A lion's head erased, crowned. [Schrader.] 2. [Von Wechtelt.] The following blazon (with- out the tinctures) probably applies to this shield : — Vechelde, Bruns- wick. D'argent a la bande de sable charge de trois roses d'or, bout de gules. C. : Un dventail pal6 d'argent et de sinople, les deux barreaux extt^rieurs de sable, chaque angle somm6 de trois plumes de coq de sable. [Rietstap's " Armorial G6n^ral," ii.J - Erased, in heraldry = having a jagged or torn edge. THE MONUMENTS. VI.— ANDREAS RICCARD. A brass plate next the chancel step. Hie jacct Andreas Riccard Eques Auratiis Vis Ampliiis Lector^ Vade in Septcntrionalcm hujus Sacrce ^dis partem Et Aiigustnm illud Momimentum Ad illitis Perpetuam Memoriam erecttim tuearis. 73 The entry in the Register is : — 1672, Sept. 17. S' Andrew Riccard obij' vj p'nt" & buryed in y= chauncell 17 Sept' 1672. This brass was, until 1871, in front of the chancel rails, at the entrance to the vault in which he was buried. ' " present "=instant. L 74 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The armorial bearings are : — I. A chevron, in the dexter chief quarter a cinquefoil. II. (On the dexter side). Dexter as I, impaHng a saltire, in chief are traces of three (?) ermine spots. III. (On the sinister side). Dexter as I, impaHng three crescents, each surmounted by an estoile. [Bateman.J Crest : A man's head couped at the shoulder, on the head a turban. See Riccard pedigree sketch in the Appendix. v.— THOMAS MORLEY, Died July 2oth, 1566. At the east end of the north aisle under the window to the left is a brass plate, set in Purbeck marble. The entry in the Register is : — 1566, 24 Julij was buried M' Thomas morly one of the Officers of the Queenes ma''" Navie. This is one example, out of many, of inscriptions with curious conceits and classical allusions so frequent at that time. They often contain expressions or words, now obsolete, that throw light upon the state of the English language in the sixteenth century. lljll[|ljli|l:H!lil:i!^||lll!:|[j|li:|[jlf||l||ll|i;|l|1i'|;i||:'';i||;||[||iit^^ „„- , ,„.. ..,„„. .„„,„ ^ijiiftp r 5 lumfiitb lafu* in flf a^p li)> aiBji'Sf I fflan Dt! lU'i-piiifli' ni iiw nWxW \sv lUsTjtf I iirtthnii til ftp 11111)0 i" nialirlliitlioll* Diinti' aui) Ok I'prutBfagmiu-ti'iiui rpltpamtfipcin'' BrtiilimtlnflmTrrtiiiiirfli(i(iif,tniiilitimfrlp R ilipti ati'opoci ihliun-rtjlunlip' mullbiilid ton'' tlmtP to ttirartirr ttirtt)rt- to liralmiUi''albtr nirnmlf' f oiV armiiifi' »i.\ t)i;e; jjrarp fu \\t n-aCnp to iialH- I g tl)i' llDllut vi Oratlip Untli Inm ni fnintoto folair I '^11,^^1'' w' ''8Vpo'Vw^^ attna-ftiW- fm\m Btmi ^ai'msi" .nni[p ))rt-, iinlLii' aiuV nuiiPtortip iW \Kn W Mclliii; inihiUauil tt tlip nivlnl Vrli am> IVoc I aiiiHo tiip rlirtr. Iiralirii,,* to tlip irDi-nliair mhrno . 1)1 /3 \)oum innrlr)! amtolluwii ,t JIaiV rf ii' quwif IHfflrfeftfltovfhoHHraf i^irftpiiAt'tir iif rftuan rfp' nmiif« ill j-ialipr i^i'ppalii iv n' ; o (laju-of jub U(W- lie ",i«l \"'*\ ll!!lll MARBLE MONUMENTS. CHAPTER VI. Monuments. I. Sir James Deane. 2. Susan Lynn. j. William Turner., M.D., Dean of Wells. 4. Peter Turner., M.D. 5. Sir John Mennes \Minns\ 6. Lady Anne Radcliffe. J. Alderman Jefferie Kerby. 8. Jane Humhcrstone. g. John James. 10. Ludolph de Werder. 11. Elizabeth Pepys. 12. Aldermen Andrew and Paul Bayning. IJ. William Mills. 14. Peter Cappone. IS. Sir John Radcliffe. 16. Thomas Debuke. I'j. Tobias Wall. 18. Christopher James Elsenhaimer. ig. Sir Andrew Riccard. HESE Monuments, with one exception in chapter vii, are described according to their position in the church. The visitor is supposed to begin at the vestry door, taking the Monuments in the following order from right to left : (a) in the choir and the aisles (chapter vi and part of chapter vii) ; (b) in the nave (remainder of chapter vii) ; (c) on the floor, the ledger stones ; (d) the inscriptions in the adjoining churchyard ; (e) Monuments transferred from the church of Allhallows Staining in 1869-70 (chapter viii). SIR JAMES DEANE, KNT. Died May isth, 1608. DEO. TRIN. VNI. OPT. MAX. GLORIA. HIC JVXTA IN CHORO SITVS EST lACOBVS DEANE EQVES AVRATVS VIR BONVS ET IN OPERIBVS CHARITATIS LONGE PRiESTANS QVI PRIMO SVSANNAM FILIAM CHROFRI BVMSTED GEN VXOREM HABVIT EX QVA VNICVM SVSCEPIT FILIOLVM POSTEA ELIZAB FILIAM HVGON OFLEY ARMIGERI ALDERM LONDON DEINDE ELIZAB FILIAM RICHARDI THORN- HILL ARMIGERI ET VIDVAM CHROFRI WEBBE ARMIGERI DVXIT CONJV- GEM EX QVA DVAS GENVIT FILIOLAS NVLLAM TAMEN RELINQVENS PROLEM SE MORIENTE SVPERSTITEM ANNO ^TATIS LXIII XV DIE MAII 1608 IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT. L 2 76 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAF£'S HART STREET. The entries in the Register are :— 1608, June the 2. S' James Deane Knight deceased on the le"" of Maie at his howse in hackneye being brought to London, was on the 2 of June ffollowing buried in the chancell. 1600-1, March 16. A Cresom woman child of S' James Deane's. This "very fair tomb erected in the South wall of the choir," over the vestry door, is a good specimen of a Jacobean monu- ^-J ment. It is adorned with four Corinth- ian columns and entablature, and re- presents the knight in armour, with his three wives, kneel- ing, the two who predeceased him holding skulls; and three children re- cumbent, one below the figure of the first wife and two below the figure of the third. The monument is sur- mounted by a large coat of arms, and under his wives are their several coats of arms, impaled with his own. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 77 The armorial bearings over the monument are :— Gules, a lion couchant guardant or, on a chief argent, three crescents of the field. Crest : A demi Hon rampant or, holding in the dexter paw a crescent gules. At the foot of the monument : — i. Gules, a lion couchant guardant or, on a chief argent, three crescents of the field, impaling argent three mullets of the field in bend, pierced {sic\ between two crosses formee fitch^e gules. [Bumsted.J 2. Dexter as No. i, impaling gules, four barrulets argent, on a chief of the last, a tower of the first, over all a bendlet sable. [Thornhill.J 3. Dexter as No. i, impaling argent a cross flory gules, between four Cornish choughs. [Ofley.] The infants are represented as swathed in their chrysomes, i.e., with the white vesture which the minister placed upon them immediately after baptism, and before they were anointed with the " chrism," or baptismal oil. \See the Rubric in the Office of " the Administracion of Publyke Baptisme," in the First Prayer Book of Edward VI, in 1549.] Originally, such "chrysome-clothe" was devoted to Church purposes. The Constitutions of Archbp. Edmund, a.d. 1236, quoted in Bp. Gibson's Codex, Lond. 1713, p. 443, order: — panni (Eljrismales noit nisi in U5um oniamcntorum (fcclcsicc coiicertantur. On which Lyndwood's' gloss is (Eljrismales, i.e., quibus inbuitur baptisatus post Cljrisinationem in r>ertice; et est nestis canbiba, &c. A child, baptised and dying before it was a month old, was called a "chrysom," " crisome," or "cresom," and its " chrysome-cloth " served as its shroud. There are many entries in our Registers of such children. The effigies of chrlsome children upon monuments, and on the brasses of parents, are not at all uncommon, especially in the 15th and i6th centuries. In the Parish Church of Heston, Middlesex, a monumental brass represents Constance, the wife of Mordecal Bownell, vicar, 1570-81, In bed, her hands in the attitude of prayer, and, placed on the ornamental coverlet above her, is a chrlsome child. An Illustration Is given In Lond. and Mid. Arch. Soc, vol. II, p. 210. Haines's "Manual of Monumental ' Provinciale, Oxon, 1679, p. 33. 78 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. Brasses," part i, p. ccxix, gives an illustration from Chesham Bois, Bucks, with the inscription : — Q)f Hog. £ce gcntelma Ijerc \\ii\\ ttje son Benedict £ce crvsom' tnljo" soufe ilju pbo. For biographical sketch of Sir James Deane, see chapter xvi. Deane's monument was repaired and embellished in 1886 at the cost of the representative of one branch of the family, Sir James Parker Deane, ll.d., q.c, Vicar-General of the Province of Canterbury. SUSAN LYNN, Died September i6th, 1834. A white marble monument, with the following inscription :— SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF SUSAN, THE BELOVED WIFE OF THOMAS LYNN, AND DAUGHTER OF THOMAS SIMPSON ESQ-^-^ OF UFFORD, IN THE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE SEPT" \(>™ 1834, IN THE 57™ YEAR OF HER AGE. UNDER THE CARE OF AN EXCELLENT MOTHER, SHE WAS EARLY GROUNDED IN THE FAITH AND INSTRUCTED IN THE PRECEPTS OF HER BLESSED REDEEMER, WHICH, WITH UNOSTENTATIOUS FERVOUR, MEEKNESS AND EXALTED PIETY, SHE EXHIBITED IN THE SEVERAL DUTIES OF CHILD, WIFE, PARENT, AND FRIEND ; THEREBY LAYING UP FOR HERSELF A CROWN OF EVERLASTING GLORY, THROUGH THE MERITS AND INTERCESSION OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR, JESUS CHRIST. AMEN. HER REMAINS ARE DEPOSITED IN THE VAULT UNDER THE SOUTH AISLE OF THIS CHURCH. Bur. Reg. 1834, Sept. 24. Susan Lynn. Abode, Trinity Square. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 79 WILLIAM TURNER, M.D., Dean of Wells. Died July 7TH, 1568. On the south-east wall of the choir is a white marble slab with black marble frame, with the following inscription : — CLARISSIMO . DOCTISSIMO . FORTISSIMOQVR . VIRO GVLIELMO . TVRNERO . MEDICO . AC . THEOLOGO . PERITISSI- MO . DECANO . WELLENSI . PER . ANNOS . TRIGINTA . IN . VTRAQVE SCIENTIA EXERCITATISSIMVS . ECCLESI^ . ET . REIPVBLIC^ PROFVIT . ET . CONTRA . UTRIVSQVE . PERNITIOSISSIMOS . HOS- TES . MAXIME . VERO . ROMANVM . ANTICHRISTVM . FORTISSIMYS JESV . CHRISTI . MILES . ACERIME . DIMICAVIT . AC . TANDEM COR- PUS . SENIO . ET LABORIBVS . CONFECTVM . IN . SPEM . BEATISSIM : RESVRRECTIONIS . HIC . DEPOSVIT . ANIMAM . IMMORTALEM CHARISSIMO . EJVSQVE . SANCTISSIMO . DEO . REDDIDIT . ET . DEVICTIS CHRISTI . VIRTVTE . MVNDI . CARNISQ : VIRIBVS . TRIVMPHAT . IN . .ETERNVM MAGNVS . APOLLINEA . QVONDAM . TURNERVS . IN . ARTE. MAGNVS . ET . IN . VERA . RELIGIONE . FVIT. MORS . TAMEN . OBREPENS . MAJOREM . REDDIDIT . ILLVM. CIVIS . ENIM . CCELI . REGNA . SVPERNA . TENET. OBIIT . 7 . DIE . IVLII . AN . DOM . 1568. The entry in the Register is : — 1568, 9 July was buried Mr. Dcor Turner. For biographical notice of Dean Turner, see chapter xvi. PETER TURNER, M.D. Died May 27TH, 1614. Stow, ed. Mund., 1633, describes this as "a fair monument erected behind the tomb of Sir John Radcliffe, but somewhat higher, with half the lively figure of the party it concerneth." The inscription is as follows : — 8o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET MEMORL^ SACRVM TETRO TVRNERO GVLIELMI TVRNERI PATRIS INCLY" INCLYTO FILIO PROBITATIS AC ERVDITIONIS FAMA ILLVSTRIVSQVE MEDICINE DOCTORI PERITISSIMO QVEM CANTABRIGIA ALVIT HEIDELBERGIA DOCTORIS INSIGNIBVS HONORAVIT OXONIVM COHONESTA VIT PASCHA TURNERA CONJVX M/ESTISSIMA iETERNV PIETATIS AMORIS AC DOLORIS SVI MONVMENTVM L.M.P. HENRICVS PARREVS EPISCOPVS WIGORNIENSIS PASCHA TVRNERI. FRATER M^RORIS CONSORS PUS DEFVNCTI MANIBVS HOC EPICEDIVM PARENTAVIT. OBIIT MAII XXVII AN. DO: 1614 AN ^TA SV^ 72. The entry in the Regis- ter is : — 1 6 14, Maie 28. Peter Turner Doct' of phisic bur. from St. Ellens in the South He of y' church closs by his Father. Dr. Peter Turner was the son of William Turner, Dean of Wells. This mon- ument was erected by his widow, and the Latin in- scription was from the pen of his brother-in-law, Dr. Parr, Bishop of Worcester. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 8i SIR JOHN MENNES, Died February i8th, 167 i. On the south side of the sanctuary, fronting westward, is a large black and white marble monument of the Corinthian order, with an inscription in gilt letters. HEIC SITVS EST Ds lOHANNES MENNESIVS EQ AVR SANDOVICI CANTIANVS ANDREW, MENNESII AR (MATTH^I FUJI) FILIVS EX lANA lOHiS BLECHENDEN AR FILIA VIR PROBVS FORTIS BENIGNVS PIVS REI MEDICO CHYMIC^ POETICS GNARVS OMNIVM QUIBVS NOTVS DELICMi VIX ADVLTVS ORBIS OMNES FERE ORAS APPVLIT SITVS REGIMINIS COMERCII MORVM EXPLORATOR TERRA MARIQVE IN HOSTES ET PERDVELLES lACOBO CAROLO PRIMO ET SECUNDO REGIBVS HYPARCHVS STRATEGVS HYPOTHALASSIARCHA REI CLASSIARI^ INSPECTOR SVMMVS VARUS ET ARDVIS CONFECTVS CLAR^ PROSAPI/E DECVS NOMINIS VLTIMVS NATVS MARTII 1598 l8»'o FEBR 1670 DENATVS. The dates on this monument were reckoned according to the old style, when 25th March was New Year's day. If the present method of computing a year from ist January to 31st December be applied to the above inscription, Sir John Mennes was born ist March, 1599, and died 1 8th February, 1671, which are the dates given in biographical notice, chapter xvi. The entry in the Register is : — 1670-1, ffeb 27. S' John Menns Comiss' & Comptroler of his Ma'"'' Navy Royall buryed in y' chauncell. "A New View of London, 1708," describes the arms as gules, a chevron Verrey or, and azure between three leopards' faces of the second. There are no armorial bearings now existing. For biographical notice of Sir John Mennes, see chapter xvi. M 82 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. LADY ANNE RADCLIFFE, Died December ioth, 1585. In a rude niche on the south side of the altar is the figure in alabaster marble of a woman kneeling at a desk or faldstool, which has been at some time inverted, the flame represented, therefore, as descending. Under the monument is the following inscription :— HERE EIETH BURIED DAME ANNE THE WIFE OF SIR JOHN RADCLIF KNIGHT WHO DIED THE TENTH DAIE OF DECEMBER ANNO DOM 1585. The entry in the Regis- ter is : — 1585 December 18 day. The Lady Ann Radcliffe late the wife of m'- ffuller Judge of one of y' Shreifes Courtes in guildehall broughte from St. Brides. On the wall of the niche, behind the figure, are the following arms in a lozenge, surrounded by a lover's knot : — A chevron ensfrailed between three roundles, on a chief, a lion passant between two crosses pattde fitch^e. These are the arms of Benolt,' granted temp. Henry VIII. Vide E.D.N., Herald's College, 'Some further light is thrown upon these arms in Harl. MS. 1187, page 14. Visitation of Northampton, A.D. 1618, Anne, wife of Sir John Ratcliffe [RadcHffe] [»«'/«, is stated to be daughter of Thomas Benolt, alias Clarenceux King of Arms, Rex Armorum, who died in 1534. Benolt had married Maria, daughter of Laurence Farmer, of Minster Lovell, Oxon. Benolt was buried in St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. See "Worthies" in Dr. Cox's Annals of St. Helen's, p. 243. mm. UKTH BVRITin n.V.VU.AN.M: iUE VITFE OF SIR i ,Mi\ BAUrtU" IvMOHT \VHt» lUi;|) THE TENTH RVU: OK HECEMHKR A.N0M IS85. '-rf.iirm.^-V' . .g,i»iaKMaaai MARBLE MONUMENTS. 83 vol. 56, p. 38. I am indebted to Mr. H. F. Burke, Somerset Herald, for this information. J. B. G., in a letter to Gent. Mag., April, 1823, vol. 93, part i, p. 316, writes as follows : — " In a rude niche on the south side of the nave, and also near the altar, is a kneeling female figure, but without inscription. It is not of more than half the magnitude of that of Sir John Radcliffe ; nor do I find any of the bearings which are sculptured on a lozenge fixed at the back of a niche, in the coat which is attached to Sir John's inscription ; or I should have supposed it to be the effigies of his lady above referred to. The said bearings are . . . between three roundles, a chevron engrailed . . . on a chief . . . between two croslets fitchy . . . a lion passant." There is a tradition that this monument is to the memory of Lady Sidney. Bur. Reg., 1612, Augu.st 24th, records "burial of Richard y'= Sonne of Si' Henrie Baker in y" chancel one y'= southe side under y= fayer stone next to y"= tombe of y"= Ladie Sidnie." The burial of two other sons of Sir Henrie Baker is recorded, in 1614 ; one "by his other soonn in the chancel" — the other, July 23, "in y^ chancel between the Tombe and common pew." Yet it should be noticed that Strype, referring to the monument of Peter Turner, M.D., calls it " a fair monument, erected behind the tomb of Sir John Radcliffe, but somewhat higher." Stow, also, p. 50, records that there were monuments in the parish church of St. Olave to Sir John Radcliffe, Knight, 1568 ; and Dame Anne, his wife, 1585. JEFFERIE KERBY, Died December 26th, 1632. An alabaster monument surmounted by three shields : in the centre arms and crest, at the sides only the arms. M 2 84 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. MEMORI^ SACRVM Here lyes interred the body of lefferie Kerby Esq'^ Somtyme Alderman of this Citty who was the Sonne of lefferie Kerby of Ipswich in y= Covnlie of Siiff : Marchant by Olive one of y'= davghters of lohn Kinge of y"= said Covnty Gent ; He tooke to wife Margaret one of y" davghters of William Bay of London Grocer, by whom he had issve one Sonne and 4 davghters of whom 3 of his davghters only svrvived him viz. Olive, Svsan and Margaret ; Olive beinge in his life time maried vnto Henry Derham second Sonne of S' Thomas Derham of West Derham in the Covntie of Norff: Knight. He was a man whom y'^ Tvrkie & East India Company for his knowledge and indvstrie had in great esteeme : the Grocers Company [of whom he was a member] for his charitable minde held fvll of pietie : His wife and children for his discreet care of them fovnd most affectionate : and all good men for his sincere dealinge valewed trvly worthy. He lived to the age of 67 yeares & died the 26"' of Decemb' 1632 In svre confidence of a joyfvU resvrrection. Beneath this tablet is the following : — In the same interrment lyeth bvried Svsan second davghter of the sayd lefferie Kerby who lived to y' age of 20 yeares very hopefvU & died most happie the 26"' of October 1634. The entries in the Register are : — 1632-3, Januar 10, Mr. Jefferye Kirbye was buryed in y^ chancell. 1634, October 27. Suzanna: Daughter of Jeffery and Katharine Kirbye buryed chancell. The armorial bearings are : — Over the tablet: I. On a fesse three crosses patt^e. II, as i. Crest: Out of a mural crown, an elephant's head. III. Dexter, as before, impaling quarterly of four; i and 4. Paly of six, and a chief 2 and 3. A bend. Under the tablet : IV. Quarterly of four : — I. Sable, a stag's head cabossed or. [Derham.] 2. Argent, on a MARBLE MONUMENTS. 85 cross gules, an annulet or. [De Vere of Denver.] 3. Gules, an eagle displayed or. [Goddard.J 4. Gules, three gauntlets pendent or, a canton chequy of the last, and [Denver.] Impaling quarterly of four ; i and 4. On a fesse three crosses patt6e ; 2. Paly of six, on a chief three escallops [Bay.] 3. A bend cotised, indented. [Power.] V. Dexter, blank, impaling quarterly of four; i. On a fesse three crosses patt^e ; 2. Paly of six, on a chief three escallops ; 3 and 4 covered by capital of adjoining tablet. Under inscription to Susan Kerby : Quarterly of four ; i and 4. On a fesse three crosses pattee ; 2. Paly of six, on a chief three escallops ; 3. A bend cotised, indented. (Femme shield.) (Save where noted, all the tinctures have vanished.) Add MS. (Brit. Mus.) 5,524, p. 229. Jeffery Kerby, of London, Merchant — argent, on a fesse vert, three crosses, pattee or — married a daughter of Baye, of Southampton — paly of six, or and gules, on a chief of the last, three escallops of the first. o JANE HVMBERSTONE, Died July 17TH, 1694. A large white marble monument, surmounted by two beautifully sculptured cherubs, with the shield borne between them. IN CHRISTIAN HOPE OF A BLESSED IMMORTALITY NEAR THIS PLACE LYETH INTER'D THE BODY OF JANE, LATE WIFE OF MATTHEW HVMBERSTONE OF LONDON ESQ'' THE SECOND DAUGHTER OF lAMES HOSTE OF SANDRINGAM IN NOR- FOLK ESQ"* WHO BEING A PERSON OF SINGULAR ACCOMPLISHMTs AND MANY EXCELLENT VERTUES HER ENDEARED HUSBAND THINKS THIS MONUM^ A MOST lUST DEBT TO HER FRAGRANT MEMORY. SHE DY'D lULY Y 17™ 1694 IN HER 33'<° YEAR. 86 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Her Noble Soul and lovely body joyned Were Once the joy and wonder of man- kind. They who have known her thus, with sighs confess They wish they'd known her still or known her less. Her Race was fhort, the longer is her Reft. God Onely wife difposes all things beft. HER HUSBAND MATTHEW HVMBERSTONE ALSO DEPARTED THIS LIFE Y^ 28 DAY OF AUGUST 1709 AGED 60 YEARS. NIL NON MORTALE TENEMUS. The only entry in the Register is : — 1694, July 20. M" Jane Humerston Buried in y= South Chansell. The armorial bearings are : — Sable, two bars ar- gent, on a chief of the last, three ogresses, impaling a bull's head affront^e, couped at the neck argent, attired or, between two wings of the last. [Hoste.] Sandringham Hall is now the residence of H.R.H. The Prince of Wales. A white marble slab on black marble. TO THE MEMORY OF JOHN JAMES ESQi^i^ HE DEPARTED THIS LIFE DECEMBER n'" 1838 IN THE 78T" YEAR OF HIS AGE UNIVERSALLY BELOVED. See Burial Register, 1838, Dec. 18. John James. Abode, 21 Crutched Friars. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 87 LVDOLPH DE WERDER, Died December 26th, 1628. Alabaster monument of the Corinthian order surmounted with shield, crest, and supporters. CAVE SIS GRADVM PERGAS VIATOR PRIVSQVAM HyEC PERLEGERIS In certam beatse resvrrectionis spem terrse seqvestratv hie est exanime corpvs prfeelariE qvondam mentis hospitiv viri jvvenis domini Lvdolphi deWerderAnhaltini prsenobili ac antiqva Werdorvm familia orticvjus svmmamin Devm pietatem inclyti generis seriem amplas ervditi pectoris dotes cvjn tam angvsto marmoris non comprehendantvr sacro silentio merito obsignamvs. Generosvs hie vir maxim partem primvm Germanise Ivstravit in qva famigerabilivm aliqvot academiarvm pvta Lipsien Genev Gissen non degenerem incolani div egit magnis literarvm nominibvs mirvm qvantvm carvs deinde in Belgiam concessit vbi veram nobilitatem decentibvs slvdiis qvadrien Leidte combvssit tandem in Angliam perveniens hie Londini sesqviannvm phthisi solito vehementivs laboravit cvjvs maligna obstinatione etiam factvm est vt die 26 Decemb anno 1628 natvs annos 29 rebvs hvmanis valere svis vero plangere dixerit anima sva Creatori svo vnde tam nobile depositvm acceperat magna in Christvm fide redonata monvmentvm hocce agnati qvibvs acerbvm svi desiderivm reliqvit pio dvcti affectv erigi cvrarvnt. LECTORI QVISQVIS ADHVC VITAM VIVIS SIC vi- VITO VITAM LINQVERE EAM QVOVIS TEMPORE RITE QVEAS. The entry in the Register is : — 1628, Dec' 30. Ludolf Lander Werder fro" tower hill. Ludolph de Werder, of Anhalt, a student in the famous Universities of Leipsic, Jena, Giessen and Leyden, died of phthisis, in London, agedag years. The armorial bearings are: — Quarterly of four: — i and 4. A horse saliant, bridled and saddled. 2 and 3. A cross quarterly pierced. Crest. — A horse saliant, bridled and saddled, before a column surmounted by a plume of peacock's feathers. 88 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Mrs. ELIZABETH PEPYS, Wife of the Diarist, Died November ioth, 1669. A conspicuous monument of white marble on a background of Kilkenny marble, with a bust of the lady looking in the direction of the Navy Commissioners' Pew in the south aisle. The elegant Latin inscription briefly records her history and perpetuates the memory of her virtues and beauty. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 89 H. S. E. cui „ Cunas ded, ctob' 23 1640. SOMERSETIA (under a projecting slab). Patrem e prseclara Familia Matrem e nobili stirpe De S« MICHEL CLIFFORDORVM ANDEGAVIA CVMBRIA ELISABETHA PEPYS SAMVELIS PEPYS, Classi Regije ab Actis, Vxor Quae in Csenobio primu, Aula dein educata Gallica, Vtriusq una claruit virlutibus ; Forma, Artibus, Linguis cultissima ; Prolem enixa, quia parem non potuit, nulla ; Huic demum placidi cum valedixerat Confecto p amaeniora ferfe Europse itinere Potiore redux abiit lustratura mundu. (at the foot). obiit x° Novembris (^tatis 29" ANNO jConjugii xv" 'DOMINI 1669" The entry in the Register is : — 1669, Nov. 13. Elizabeth wife of Samuell Pepys Esq' one of his Ma''"Coinishon's of y' Navy obit novemb. & buryed in y^ Chaunsell xiii Instant. The armorial bearings are : — On a bend between two nags' heads erased, three fleurs-de-lis, impaling ermine, three roses. THE BAYNING MONUMENT. Partly on the adjoining column and partly on the north wall of the sanctuary, is a fine alabaster monument, perhaps the most picturesque in the church, with two kneeling figures in the dress of aldermen. The figure in front is that of Andrew Bayning ; that of his brother Paul is at the side, 90 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The inscription over the figure in front is :— ANDREW BAYNINGE, ESQVIOR, SOMETYMES ALDERMAN OF LONDON LIVED TO THE AGE OF 67 YEARES cSc DYED THE 21S' OF DECEMBER ANNO DOM. 1610. The inscription over his brother is : — PAVL BAYNINGE ESQVIOR SOMETYMES SHERRIFFE & ALDERMAN OF LONDON LIVED TO THE AGE OF 77 YEARES & DYED THE 30™ OF SEPTEMBER ANN DOM. 1616. CONSECRATED TO THE MEMORY OF PAVL AND ANDREWE BAYNINGE ESQVIOR, MARBLE MONUMENTS. 91 Under the figure of Paul Bayninge, are the following doggerel lines : If all create CITTYES rROSPEUOVSLY CONFESSE That hee by whome their traffiqve doth increase DESERVES WELL OF THEM THEN TH' ADVENTVRES WORTH OF THEIS two who were BROTHERS BOTH BY BIRTH, AND OFFICE, PROVE THAT THEY HAVE THANCKFVLL BYN FOR THE HONOVRS WHICH THIS CITTY PLAC'd THEM IN, AND DYING OLD, THEY BY A BLEST CONSENT THIS LEGACY BEQVEATh'd THEIR MONVMENT The happy svmme & end of their affaires PROVIDED well BOTH FOR THEIR SOVLES & HEIRES. The entries in the Register are-: — - 16 10, December the 23''' Daie. M' Andrew Bayninge buried in the up end of the chancell in the valt where S' James Deane was Buried, the ground is clere. 1616, Octob. I. M' Paull Bayning somtime Alderman buried in y^ chancel in y= vault by his Bro : The armorial bearings are: — Quarterly of four: — i and 4. Or, two bars sable, each charged with as many escallops of the field. 2 and 3. Or, a raven perched on a torteau, in sinister chief, a mullet gules. [Raven.] Over the tomb of Paul Bayning, Esq., hung the ensigns of honour as his coat and streamers ; and the like of the Lord Bayning, Viscount Sudbury, his son, there buried in the monument of his father. [Strype, vol. i, p. 378.J Between the monuments to Mrs. Pepys and Paul Bayninge, on the north wall of the sanctuary, is a small but pretty marble monument, with draped urn surmounting it, with the following inscription : — Sacred to the Memory of WILLIAM MILLS of Clapham in the County of Surry, Esq' who departed this Life June 15 th 1790, ^t : 73. ALSO OF ELIZABETH MILLS Wife of the above who departed this Life May 19th 1772, ^t: 45- The entries in the Register are : — 1790, July 2. William Mills, Esq' in the New Vault under the Vestry. 1772, May 26. Elizabeth Mills in Vault under the Vestry. N 2 92 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. In what was probably the Lady Chapel, on the south wall, is the handsome monument of Peter Cappone, a Florentine gendeman, who died in 1582; the principal object is an alabaster figure, life-size, kneeling, beauti- fully sculptured, beneath a canopy. The tablet bears this inscription : — D . o . M. HIC SITVS EST PETRVS CAPPONIVS FLORENTINVS AVITA NOBILITATE, CLARVS MORVM INTEGRITATE, SVMMIS PRINCIPIBVS GRATISSIMVS EXILIVM QVOD INIQVIORE FATO VSVS SVBIERAT, CONST ANTER TVLIT OBIIT AN. ^.T. XXXII SAL. M.D.LXXXII VI. KAL. NOVEMBRIS. MORTVVM BRITANNIA, QVEM VIVVM IN SINV T\ LERAT, IN SINV NECDVM DISCINCTO CONSERVAT. PETRVS LANDVS EX PARENTIBVS FLORENTINIS APVD LVGDVNVM GALLI/E NATVS, HOC AMORIS ET MCERORIS MONVMENTVJvI P. The entry in the Register is : — 1582, October 27 daye M' Peter Capony gent, of the pla. [plague]. The armorial bearings are : — Per bend sable and argent. Bur. Reg. 161 1, June 24, "Mr. Innocent Lucatella in the northe He of the Side quyer under the new pew Close to Capone's tombe," shews that Capone lies near his monument. See "Ledger Stone," chapter viii, p. 122. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 93 Sir JOHN RADCLIFFE [RATCLIFFE], Died November qth, 1568. On the wall to the right of window, in a niche, a figure, truncated at the knees, of a knight in armour, with hands clasped in prayer, formerly recumbent, now in an erect posture. Under the window to the right, in alabaster, are armorial bearings, shield, crest and supports, with the following inscription : — HIC JACET JOHANNES RADELYFFE [«V] MILES FILIUS RO- BERTI COMITIS SUSSEXIE, QVI OBIIT (NVLLIS SVSCEP- TIS LIBERIS), NONO DIE NOVEMBRIS ANNO DNI 1568. The entry in the Register IS : — 1568, 19 novembr, was buried S' John Ratcliffe Knighte. The armorial bearings are : — Quarterly of eight : — i. A bend engrailed. 2. A fesse between two chevrons. [Fitzwalter.J 3. A lion rampant crowned, within a bordure. [Burnel.J 4. A saltire engrailed. [Botetourt.] 5. Three lucies hauriant. [Lucy.] 6. Three bars. [Multon or Moulton of Egremonde.] 7. Semee of fleurs- de-lis. [Mortimer of Atleburghe.J 8. A bird preyant on a child. [? Kulcheth.] Over all, a mullet for difference. " In respect to the fair marble tomb mentioned by Stow to have been constructed to the memory of Sir John Radchffe (son of Robert, Earl of Sussex), and Anne his wife, no part of it is remaining : and if the aforementioned monument of Peter Turner, which is stated in the aforesaid edition to be behind this tomb, be a just criterion as to its locality, it was situate at the East end of the South aile : but the inscription relative to Sir John (who died in 1568), and the sculpture of his armorial bearings appear now in the East Wall of the North aile ; also 94 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. near to them and within a rudely excavated niche, is an erect figure in armour, of full size (and from the position of the helmet behind the neck it has evidently once been recumbent), well carved in marble or alabaster. I take this to be the representation of the said Knight, which it seems was once lying along the tomb; but of the figure of his wife, who is described to have been represented in a kneeling posture beside him, and of the inscription to her memory I have at present been able to trace no remnant." — J. B. G., Gentkman^s Magazine April, 1823. Sir John was the son of Robert, first Earl of Sussex, K.G., by his third wife Mary, daughter of Sir John Arundell ; Mary, by a second marriage, became Countess of Arundel. See Doyle's " Official Baronage of England," vol. iii, p. 480. To the left of the window is a white marble monument with the following inscription : — In the North Vault near this place lieth the Body of THOMAS DEBUKK Esq^- Commnnder of a Ship in the lIon'''° East India Company's Service. lie departed this life the 6th day of March 1770. Aged 55 yeais. Also M"- JANE WILKINS late wife of the above ' THOMAS DEBUKE Esq'- who died August 13"' 1803 aged 83 years. Also M"- MARGARET BINGLEY who died January 2"^ 1828 aged 76 years. niece of the above M«- JANE WILKINS. The entries in the Register are : — 1770, March 15. Thomas Debuke Esq' in N. Vault Chancel part. 1803, Aug. 19. Jane Wilkins in North Vault Chancel part. 1828, January 11. Margaret Bingley, abode Waterloo Road, Parish of S' John y'' Evangelist. The armorial bearings are :— A chevron between three swords, the points in chief, impaling on a chief three roundles. MARBLE MONUMENTS. TOBIAS WALL. On the north wall of what was probably the Lady Chapel, is a large monument of the period, with a broken pediment, and two busts of white marble on a black marble ground. The inscrip- tion is as follows : — 95 To the Memory of TOBIAS WALL Esq'- who Died y= 5^'' of July 1 744 Aged 58. and of MARY his wife who Died j.e 25t'> of March 1729 Aged 30. The entries in the Register are : — 1744, July 17. Tobias Wall in the chancel vault. 1728-9,' January 29. Mrs. Mary Wall in y= Vault in y'' Chancell. _ 4* """^^ .■. Ill -, , ■ . i-:' !i, ■)i;'i,v „; jim-l *i j^- ' ^ '1.1, *^>^.i' 1632, died May 26"' 1703. MARBLE MONUMENTS. loi A shield with arms between three cherubs. Inscription gilt : — Small tablet below. ERECTED . BY . PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION . 1883. m the The entry- Register is : — 1703, June 4. Samuel Peyps buried in a vault by y= comunion table. The armorial bearings are : — Sable, on a bend or between two nags' heads erased argent, three fleurs- de-lis of the field, impaling ermine, three roses gules, barbed vert, seeded or. UNVEILING OF PEPYS'S MONUMENT. As far back as the year 1864, on the occasion of a visit of the Members of the London and Middlesex Archeeological Society, I proposed that a Memorial of Samuel Pepys should be placed in the Church of St. Olave, Hart Street, and promises of support were received from the Cloth- workers' Company, the Trinity House, Magdalene College, Cambridge, and others. It was not, how- ever, till the Members of 102 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. the Middlesex ArchjEologlcal Society paid a second visit to the Church in 1882, that the want of such a Memorial was again publicly noticed. Mr. Henry B. Wheatley, who read a paper on that occasion, conferred with Mr. (now Sir) Owen Roberts, the Clerk to the Clothworkers' Company, and myself. At a Meeting held July 5th, 1882, a committee, mainly representative of the great institutions with which Pepys had been connected, was appointed, including the Master of the Trinity House, Rear- Admiral H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh; the Deputy- Master, Admiral Sir Richard Collinson, K.C.B., the Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, the Hon. and Rev. Latimer Neville, M.A. ; the President of the Royal Society, William Spottiswoode, Esq., M.A., LL.D. ; the Secretary to the Admiralty, H. Campbell-Bannerman, Esq., M.P. ; Charles James Orton, Esq., the Master of the Clothworkers' Company. When it became known that a Memorial was about to be erected, several architects and sculptors kindly offered to design a monument as their part in the Memorial. The committee, while gratefully acknowledging their liberality, accepted the offer of the architect of the church, Mr. (now Sir) Arthur Blomfield, whose design has given universal satisfaction, entering, as it does, into the spirit of the subject, and being thoroughly in accord with the style of the period. The appeal of the Committee for subscriptions met with a liberal response, and the monument having been erected, arrangements were made for its public unveiling. The Right Hon. the Earl Northbrook, First Lord of the Admiralty, consented to unveil the monument, but at the last moment was prevented by official business from fulfilling this engagement, and His Excellency the Hon. J. Russell Lowell, the United States Minister, had promised to assist his lordship on the occasion. The date was fixed for Tuesday, March i8th, 1884, at three p.m. On the appointed day the church was crowded with visitors, several of the Institutions with which the diarist was associated being represented, e.g., the Trinity House by the Deputy- Master, and Elder Brethren, the Clothworkers' Company by the Master, Wardens, and Members of the Court of Assistants, etc. A short service was held and a special hymn sung. After which the Rector of the church, in a brief introductory address, said he was there that day to answer a question Q K D O » X o C3 > < ►J o H en H > ^ O O Q X H D O I04 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. which had been addressed to various custodians of this church during the last 1 80 years, and to himself personally for the last three and twenty, "Where is Pepys's Memorial?" The congregation could see the memorial of Mrs. Pepys, wife of the diarist, above the altar, but until now no memorial had been raised to Samuel Pepys. Yet Samuel Pepys during the years he was writing the Diary lived in this parish, and his mortal remains rest here below the altar, but beyond the fact of his name being in the Register, there is no other record of his burial in this church. Having alluded to the wide notoriety that the name of Pepys has acquired since 1825, the year of the publication of the Diary, the Rector drew attention to the fact that the memorial about to be unveiled is placed at a most fitting spot, close to where the Navy pew door formerly was, by which, 200 years ago, Pepys used to enter the church from the Seething Lane side. Mr. Russell Lowell, the United States Minister, then advanced to the foot of the choir steps and delivered an appreciative address on Pepys as a Diarist. "It was proper," his Excellency said, "that he should read a note he had received from Lord Northbrook. This was dated that day from the Admiralty, and was as follows : — ' My dear Mr. Lowell, ' I am very much annoyed that I am prevented from assisting at the ceremony to-day. It would be very good if you would say that nothing but very urgent business would have kept me away. I was anxious to give my testimony to the merits of Pepys as an Admiralty official, leaving his literary merits to you. He was concerned with the administration of the Navy from the Restoration to the Revolution, and from 1673 as Secretary. I believe his merits to be fairly stated in a contemporary account, which I send. ' Yours very truly, ' Northbrook.' The contemporary account, which Lord Northbrook was good enough to send him, said : — - ' Pepys was, without exception, the greatest and most useful Minister that ever filled the same situations in England, the acts MARBLE MONUMENTS. 105 and registers of the Admiralty proving this beyond contradiction. The principal rules and establishments in present use in these offices are well known to have been of his introducing, and most of the officers serving therein since the Restoration, of his bringing up. He was a most studious promoter and strenuous asserter of order and discipline. Sobriety, diligence, capacity, loyalty, and subjection to command were essentials required in all whom he advanced. Where any of these were found wanting, no interest or authority was capable of moving him in favour of the highest pretender. Discharging his duty to his Prince and country with a religious application and perfect integrity, he feared on one, courted no one, and neglected his own fortune.' " That was a character, said Mr. Lowell, drawn, it was true, by a friendly hand, but to those who were familiar with the life of Pepys the praise hardly seemed exaggerated. As regarded his official life, it was unnecessary to dilate upon his peculiar merits, for they all knew how faithful he was in his duties, and they all knew, too, how many faithful officials there were working on in obscurity, who were not only never honoured with a monument, but who never expected one. The few words which he was expected to say upon this occasion, therefore, referred rather to what he believed was the true motive which had brought this assembly together, and that was by no means the character of Pepys either as Clerk of the Acts or as Secretary to the Admiralty. This was not the place in which one could go into a very close examination of the character of Pepys as a private man. He would begin by admitting that Pepys was a type, perhaps, of what is now called a ' Philistine.' We have no word in England which is equivalent to the French adjective Bourgeois ; but, at all events, Samuel Pepys was the most perfect type that ever existed of the class of people whom this word describes. He had all its merits as well as many of its defects. With all these defects, however — perhaps in con- sequence of them — Pepys had written one of the most delightful books that it was man's privilege to read in the English language, or in any other. Whether Pepys intended this Diary to be afterwards read by the general public or not— and this was a doubtful question when it was considered that he had left, possibly by inadvertence, a key to his cypher behind him — io6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. it was certain that he had left with us a most delightful picture, or rather, he had left the power in our hands of drawing for ourselves some of the most delightful pictures of the time in which he lived. There was hardly any book which was analogous to it. If one were asked what were the reasons for liking Pepys, it would be found that they were as numerous as the days upon which he made an entry in his Diary, and surely that was sufficient argunient in his favour. There was no book, Mr. Lowell said, that he knew of, or that occurred to his memory, with which Pepys's Diary could fairly be compared, except the journal of L'Estoile, who had the same anxious curiosity and the same commonness, not to say vulgarity of interest, and the book was certainly unique in one respect, and that was the absolute sincerity of the author with himself. Montaigne is conscious that we are looking over his shoulder, and Rousseau secretive in comparison with him. The very fact of that sincerity of the author with himself argued a certain greatness of character. Dr. Hicks, who attended Pepys at his death-bed, spoke of him as 'this great man,' and said he knew no one who died so greatly. And yet there was something almost of the ridiculous in the statement when the ' greatness ' was compared with the garrulous frankness which Pepys showed towards himself. There was no parallel to the character of Pepys, he believed, in respect of naiveU, unless it were found in that of Falstaff, and Pepys showed himself, too, like Falstaff, on terms of unbuttoned familiarity with himself. Falstaff had just the same naivetd, but in Falstaff it was the nawetd of conscious humour. In Pepys it was quite different, for Pepys's naiveid was the inoffensive vanity of a man who loved to see himself in the glass. Falstaff had a sense, too, of inadvertent humour, but it was questionable whether Pepys could have had any sense of humour at all, and yet permitted himself to be so delightful. There was probably, however, more involuntary humour in Pepys's Diary than there was in any other book extant. When he told his readers of the landing of Charles II at Dover, for instance, it would be remembered how Pepys chronicled the fact that the Mayor of Dover presented the Prince with a Bible, for which he returned his thanks, and said it was the 'most precious book to him in the world.' Then, again, it would be remembered how, when he received a letter addressed ' Samuel MARBLE MONUMENTS. 107 Pepys, Esq.^ he confesses in the Diary that this pleased him mightily. When, too, he kicked his cook maid, he admits that he was not sorry for it, but was sorry that the footboy of a worthy knight with whom he was acquainted saw him do it. And the last instance he woukl mention of poor Pepys's na'ivetd was when he said in the Diary that he could not help having a certain pleasant and satisfied feeling when Barlow died. Barlow, it must be remembered, received during his life the yearly sum from Pepys of ;^ 1 00. The value of Pepys's book was simply priceless, and while there was nothing in it approaching that single page in St. Simon where he described that thunder of courtierly red heels passing from one wing of the Palace to another as the Prince was lying on his death-bed, and favour was to flow from another source, still Pepys's Diary was unequalled in its peculiar quality of amusement. The lightest part of the Diary was of value, historically, for it enabled one to see the London of 200 years ago, and, what was more, to see it with the eager eyes of Pepys. It was not Pepys the official who had brought that large gathering together that day in honour of his memory : it was Pepys the Diarist. As to all the charges which had been brought against Pepys, Mr. Lowell said if they could not altogether acquit him, they could find plenty of extenuating circumstances. He had great pleasure in calling upon the Deputy-Master of the Trinity House to uncover the Memorial." Captain Webb, Deputy-Master of the Trinity House, then withdrew the covering and briefly addressed the congregation. Mr. Charles James Orton, Master of the Clothworkers' Company, proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Lowell, which was seconded by The Hon. and Rev. Latimer Neville, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, who expressed the pleasure it had given him to aid in the memorial to a former alumnus of his college, who was always earnest, diligent, and assiduous in his work, as might be seen from the Diary. There were also private reasons which made him feel a special interest in the proceedings of that day, and these reasons might be found in the fact of his near relationship to the first discoverer of the cypher, Lord Grenville, and the first editor of the Diary, Lord Braybrooke. p 2 io8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The notices of the Memorial in the press were numerous, and showed how wide is the public interest felt in Samuel Pepys. Upon the formation of the committee for the purpose of obtaining subscriptions, a humorous article appeared in Punch, " Monument to Mr. Pepys (excerpt from the Diary of S. P.'s shade) " — and in connection with the public unveiling, a leading article in the Times, of March 19th, 1884, and an interesting notice of the approaching ceremony by Mr. Sala in his " Echoes of the Week," Illustrated London News, of Saturday, March 15th. THE HERALDIC WINDOW. In the Nofth Aisle, the heraldic window should be noticed, commemorating nine of the principal inhabitants of the parish who lived in the first half of the present century. See " List of Churchwardens," in the Appendix. The armorial bearings are as follows : — i. Argent, a griffin segreant sable, impaling argent, on a bend azure, three fleurs-de-lis or. Crest : A stag's head couped or. — Thomas Morgan Esq. 2. Azure, a chevron ermine between three urchins or, impaling azure, a cross moline argent between four hearts gules. Crest : A cubit arm erect, habited azure, cuff argent, holding in the hand an arrow, point to the dexter, barbed argent, shafted and feathered or. — Quarles Harris Esq. 3. Argent, a flower (Pfritillaria) gules, seeded or, stalked and leaved proper, impaling gules, on a chevron between three lions passant guardant argent, as many lozenges of the field. Crest : A demi lion rampant, holding between the paws a battle axe argent, the staff or. — Joseph Turnley Esq. 4. Argent, two chevrons gules between three stags' heads cabossed sable, over all an escutcheon of pretence — gyronny of six, or and azure, a fesse ermine, on a canton sable, a castle double-towered argent, an annulet for difference. Crest : A stag's head, cabossed sable. — R. Corfield Bucknall Esq. 5. Sable, a chevron between three chaplets argent, impaling azure, a fesse counter-compony, argent and gules. Crest : Out of a ducal coronet or, a demi ounce rampant proper. — William Buckle Esq. 6. Gules, from behind bushes vert, a stag courant argent, on a chief azure, three castles of the third, one and two. Crest: A stag's head couped argent. — John James Esq. 7. Paly of six MARBLE MONUMENTS. 109 argent and gules, a lion passant or, on a chief wavy or engrailed azure, an anchor between two martlets of the first, impaling argent, a bat displayed sable. Crest : A stag lodged at the foot of a tree, all proper. — Major Usborne Esq. 8. Chequy sable and or, on a fesse gules, three leopards' heads jessant-de-lis of the second, impaling sable, a cross formee fitchee or. Crest : A dragon's head erased argent, langued gules, ducally gorged or. ■ — ■ E. Henry Jones Esq. 9. Sable, a chevron between three owls argent. Crest : An owl argent. — John Woodley Esq. The Rev. DAVID LAING, M.A., F.R.S., Died August 6th, i860. To the left of the heraldic window is a marble monument to the memory of my predecessor. In the upper part is the following inscription: — THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY PARISHIONERS AND FRIENDS IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN CHARITY, COURTESY AND KINDNESS BY WHICH HE ENDEARED HIMSELF TO THEM DURING THE BRIEF PERIOD OF THREE YEARS AND OF THE SPIRITUAL BENEFITS CONFERRED ON THEM BY HIS PRIVATE AND PUBLIC MINISTRATIONS AND THE FOUNDATION OF A SUNDAY SCHOOL AND BIBLE CLASS. In the lower part of the monument is the following : — TO THE MEMORY OF THE REVEREND DAVID LAING, M.A., F.R.S., RECTOR OF THIS PARISH. HE DIED AUGUST THE 6^" i860 AND HIS REMAINS LIE IN HIGHGATE CEMETERY WHITHER HE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEARLY 7,000 PERSONS WHO HAD LEARNED TO LOVE AND HONOUR HIM. I HEARD A VOICE FROM HEAVEN SAYING UNTO ME, Write, blessed are the dead which die in the lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the spirit, that they may rest FROM their labours ; AND THEIR WORKS DO FOLLOW THEM. — REV. XIV— 13 VER. The armorial bearings are: Argent, three piles meeting in point sable, impaling argent, a fesse dancett^e sable. [West.] (Tinctures cut.) For sketch of Rev. D. Laing's career, see chapter xv. no THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. To the right of the last mentioned monument, an inscription on a white marble slab : — SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF M". DAVID ROBERTSON OF THIS PARISH, DIED NOVEMBER 22"*° I782 AGED 59 YEARS. ALSO HIS SON AND DAUGHTER, M"- GEORGE ROBERTSON, died september 23"*° 1788, Aged 40 years. MRS' CATHERINE MERRINGTON, died DECEMBER S'f" 1819 Aged 66 years. The entries in the Register are : — 1782, December i^'. David Robertson in the old yard. 1788, Oct' 2^. George Robertson in the old yard. 1819, Dec' is"". Catherine Merrington, No. 128, Stoke Newington, Middlesex. To the left is a plain marble slab with the following inscription : — SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF PETER PAR6 TRAVERS, ESQUIRE, OF FAIRFIELD LODGE IN THE COUNTY OF DEVON, FORMERLY OF THE HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CIVIL SERVICE AT BOMBAY WHO DIED 26-^" MAY 1833. IN HIS 65™ YEAR. Bur. Reg. 1833, Jun. 4. Peter Par^ Travers; abode, Fairfield Lodge, n' Exeter. In the centre, above David Laing's, a plain white marble slab with black marble surrounding it. MARBLE MONUMENTS. in SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF THE REV° JOHN MANLEY WOOD, A.M. WHO DIED 24™ APRIL 1836, AGED 72 AND SARAH WOOD, relict of the above, WHO DIED 22"° DEC" 1844 AGED 80. THEIR REMAINS ARE DEPOSITED IN THE RECTOr's VAULT. ALSO OF ELIZABETH daughter of THE ABOVE JOHN MANLEY WOOD (by HIS FIRST WIFE ELIZABETH) WHO DIED AT RAMSGATE, ly'^" DeC"* 1844 AGED 56. AND OF HIS SECOND DAUGHTER CHARLOTTE WOOD, who died at bath, 16''" AUG^'' 1862, AGED 70. ALSO OF HIS THIRD AND LAST SURVIVING DAUGHTER MARY ANNE WOOD WHO DIED AT BATH 2lST JAN'*' 187O AGED 76. See Bur. Reg. 1836, May 3"'- John Manley Wood; abode, St. John's, Hackney. 1844, Dec. 3i'"- Sarah Wood; abode, Brixton, Surrey. On the right, a monument of white marble surrounded with black marble. IN MEMORY OF RICHARD JACKSON FOR MANY YEARS A RESPECTED INHABITANT OF COOPER'S ROW IN THIS PARISH WHO DIED NOVEMBER 28'''" 1834 AGED 66 YEARS. HIS REMAINS ARE INTERRED AT HENDON IN MIDDLESEX. On the left, a similar monument (arms and crest surmounting). IN MEMORY OF JANE, WIFE OF ROBERT TULLOCH, Esq^^ BORN 9™ MARCH I757, DIED IlT" JANUARY 1798. ALSO JANE THEIR ELDEST DAUGHTER BORN 30'''" DECEMBER I782, DIED 26'^" MAY 180O. ALSO ROBERT TULLOCH Esqi^e BORN II'T" OCTOBER 1742, DIED 8'"' AUGUST 1830. There is no entry in our Register of their burials. 112 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The armorial bearings are : Or, on a fesse gules between three crosses croslet fitch^e, as many estoiles, over all as an escutcheon of pretence, argent, on a bend three buckles, the tongues in chief. (Tinctures cut.) Crest : Out of an Eastern crown a demi lion rampant, crowned, and holding ... in dexter paw. THE REV. JOSEPH HUTCHINSON BARBER. Died November 28th, 1892, Aged 57. The stained glass window over the principal entrance was the gift of the Rector, parishioners, members of the congregation, and other friends, in loving memory of the Rev. J. H. Barber, the devoted Curate of the parish for nearly thirteen years. The window, the subject of which is the Sermon on the Mount, was the work of Messrs. Clayton and Bell, and was unveiled by Mr. R. Honey, Upper Churchwarden of St. Olave's, at the close of the Morning Service, Sunday, February nth, 1894; a short dedicatory office being said by the Rector. On a marble slab let into the wall at the West end of the Church, near the Baptistery, is the following inscription : — JOHN HIGHLORD SENIOR AND SKYNER OF LONDON IN HIS LIFE TYME BEING OF THE AGE OF FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS DYD GIVE FORTY SHILLINGES YEARLIE TO BE BESTOED IN NEW CASTELL COLE FOR THE RELEIF OF THE POORE OF THIS PARISH & DOTH ALOW FOR FOURE SARMONES YERLIE FOR EVER AS BY HIS WILL AT LARGE DOOTH APPEARE. The entry in the Register is : — 1619, Jannu. 4. M' John Highord \sic\ aged 89 buried. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 113 HATCHMENT IN THE BAPTISTERY. There is a Hatchment in the Tower, now the Baptistery, the armorial bearings of which are as follows : — Gules, on a fesse wavy- argent between two garbs in chief, and in base, as many anchors in saltire or, a lion passant azure [in Grant, passant guardant] between two roses of the field barbed vert, seeded or, a crescent of the last for difference, impaling barry of ten argent and azure, over all six escutcheons sable, three, two and one, each charged with a lion rampant of the first, a bordure wavy, or [ ? Cecil]. Crest : on a mount vert, a demi lion rampant or [in Grant, erminois] gorged with a Collar gemel sable [in Grant, azure] holding in the dexter paw a rose as in the Arms, and charged on the shoulder with a crescent for difference.' EDWARD HENRY JONES. Died October i2Th, 1865, Aged 74. The window over the door leading into the churchyard is in memory of Edward Henry Jones, Esq., of Mark Lane, a greatly respected parishioner, who was Upper Churchwarden in 1825-6. The subject illustrated is the Burial, the Resurrection, and the Ascension of the Saviour. It is one of the early productions of Messrs. Clayton and Bell, and has been much admired. The window was the gift of members of the family. One of his sons, the Most Rev. William West Jones, D.D., is Bishop of Cape Town, and Metro- politan of South Africa. See also the Heraldic Window, the 8th name, E. Henry Jones. ' The dexter coat (without the marks of cadency) was granted in 1810, to Robert Taylor of Tohners, in the Parish of Bishops Hat6eld, Herts, and of the City of London, and to John Taylor, his elder brother, of Titchfield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary-le-Bone. I am indebted to Mr. H. F. Burke, Somerset Herald, for this information. Q 114 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. In the south aisle, below the window, and a little to the left of it, is a white marble monument, with a border of black marble, thus inscribed : — IN MEMORY OK EDWARD KENDALL JONES, ESQ""'- OF THIS PARISH WHO IlIEn AT liUDI.EIGH, SAI.TERTON 14'"' NOVEMBER l8l2, AGED 55. ALSO OF ANNA JONES RELICT OF THE AEOA'E WHO niEi) AT nuxTON 20'" octoher 1817. aged 57. AND OF ELLEN JANE MANBY, daughter of the above who died in LONDON 27'^" AUGUST 1845. AGED 58. There is no entry in our Register of the burials of these. The armorial bearings are : — Chequy sable and or, on a fesse gules three leopards' heads j'essant-de-lis, impaling argent, a fesse chequy argent and sable between three eagles displayed. (Tinctures cut.) Crest: a dragon's head erased, ducally gorged. Edward Kendall Jones was the father of Edward Henry Jones, already mentioned, and married Anne, daughter of Henry Kendall, of Austrey, co. Warwick. Above, and a little to the left of the last monument, is a plain slab of white marble, with this inscription : — sacred to the memory OF JOHN RELI'II M.D. OIUIT THE 21^'' MARCH 1804 ANNO JEW 49. The entry in the Register is : — 1804, March 27. John Relph, M.D. in South Vault. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 115 A small but beautiful monument in Caen stone below the monument to Pepys. SACRED TO . THE . MEMORY . OK . THE REVD . JOHN . LETTS . M.A. RECTOR . OK . THIS . PARISH . FOR . NEARLY . 20 . YEARS . HE . DIED . SUDDENLY . ON . THE . 24TH . OF . MARCH . 1857 IN . THE . S?"!'" . YEAR . OF . HIS . AGE WHEN .ON A . VISIT . TO . HIS . SON . AT STAUNTON . HAROLD . LEICESTERSHIRE . AND . WAS . BURIED AT . BREEDON . IN . THAT . COUNTY . THIS . TABLET . IS . ERECTED . BY . HIS . SORROWING . WIDOW . TO THE . MEMORY . OF . HER . BELOVED . HUSBAND . AND . OF . THEIR . CHILDREN CHARLOTTE . AMY . SARIANNE VIOLA . AND . EGERTON WHO . PRECEDED . THEIR . FATHER . TO . THE . GRAVE. MONUMENTS IN THE NAVE. On the north wall, between the first and second arch, a white marble monument, with the following inscription : — Near this Place lyeth the Body of S'* WILLIAM OGBORNE Knt who dyed October 13"' 1734 aged 72. He was Master Carpenter to the Office of Ordnance 35 years ; SherrifiF of this City ; Colonel of the Militia ; An Elder Brother of the Trinity House, And one of his Majesty's Justices &c. ; A most tender Husband, loving Parent, Sincere & kind Friend, a Man of great Piety and Vertue, mix'd with much Candor and Humanity ; Endued with a Noble and Generous Disposition ; Always ready to Comfort and relieve the Poor, and in every Circumstance of Life worthy of Imitation. Also the LADY JOYCE Relict of S>« W" OGBORNK K^ who Departed this Life Aug 4* 1744. Q 2 ii6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAT'E'S HART STREET. The entries in the Register are :— 1734, October y'= i 7. S' William Ogbourn Brought from White Chapell, Buried in the Vault in the Midill chancell. 1744, August 10. Dame Joyce Ogburn in the chancel vault. On the north wall of the nave, a little to the left of Ogborne's monument, a slab of white marble with a margin of black marble. It bears the following inscription : — IN MEMORY OK JOHN GRENSIDE ESQi^^ OF MARK LANE, WHO DIED aS'^" MAY 182O AGED 72 YEARS AND OF SARAH HIS WIFE WHO DIED 26'''" MAY 1828 AGED 77 YEARS. THEIR REMAINS ARE INTERRED IN THE rector's VAULT. Bur. Reg., 1820. John Grenside from Mark Lane, June 3"* in the chancel vault. 1828. Sarah Grenside bur. from Mark Lane May 31 in the middle isle vault. On the north wall of the nave, between the second and third arch, there are four monuments, all of white marble with a margin of black marble ; the lowest of the four is similar in shape to John Grenside's, and is inscribed thus : — NEAR THIS SPOT LIE THE REMAINS OF MRS MARY TRAVERS RELICT OF PETER TRAVERS ESQ"* M.D. LATE PHYSICIAN TO THE ROYAL HOSPITAL, LISBON. WHO DIF.D l^T OCTOBER iSiS : AGED 74. Bur. Reg., 1815. From Highgate Ocf 7''' in the chancel vault. MARBLE MONUMENTS. 117 Immediately above the monument to Mrs. Travers is a monument with the following inscription : — • Near this Place lie the Remains of CATHERINE, wife of JOHN TRAVERS who died the 18"' of June, 1797, aged 57 ; Of CATHERINE BROWNE, their Daughter who died the 12"' of August, 1795 ; And of the above JOHN TRAVERS, who died the 25"' of Sept' 1809, aged 72. Bur. Reg., 1797. Catherine Travers bur. June 27''^ in the middle chancel vault. 1795. Catharine Brown bur. Aug' 17''' in the middle chancel vault. 1809. John Travers Esq., bur. October 2""* in the chancel vault. The armorial bearings are : — Sable, a chevron argent between, in chief, two escallops, and in base, a boar's head couped, impaling argent three bulls' heads cabossed. (Tinctures cut.) Crest: a wolf's head erased. On the north wall of nave, immediately above the last mentioned monument, is a plain white marble slab with black border, and the following inscription : — SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF REAR ADMIRAL HARDYMAN, C.B. WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE 17™ APRIL 1834 DEEPL Y LAMENTED BY HIS FA MIL Y. The entry in the Register describes him as Lucius Ferdinand Hardyman, Rear Admiral of the White, C.B., from St. Marylebone, buried April 28th, in chancel vault. And, immediately adjoining, a similar monument inscribed : — THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY THE AFFECTIONATE MOTHER OF LiEUT LUCIUS HEYWOOD HARDYMAN, THE ONLY AND BELOVED SON OF THE LATE REAR ADM'- HARDYMAN C.B. WHO WAS KILLED IN COMMAND OF THE REAR GUARD OF His REG^ THE S^ " BENGAL CAVALRY IN THE RETREAT FROM CAUBUL ON THE 6'" OF JAN'' 1842 IN THE 26'" YEAR OF HIS AGE, ii8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. Lastly, on the north wall of nave, to the left of the third arch, a white marble slab with an edging of white marble twisted cable-wise, bordered with black marble, and with the following inscription : — SACRED TO THE CHERISHED KF.MEM DRANCE OF STEVENS DINELEV TOTTON ESQ""-: WHO DIED JULY 4^^" 1845 AC.ED 84 YEARS. THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY HIS GRATEFUL AND AFFECTIONATE NEPHEW AND NIECE THOMAS I'ROVIS AND CAROLINE VVENTWORTH WICKHAM. Bur. Reg., 1845. Buried from 7 Old Street, Marylebone July loth. On the south wall of the nave, between the first and second arches eastward, a white marble monument, with the enrichments of the effigies in basso-relievo, also fruit leaves and flowers finely carved, with the following inscription : — UNDERNEATH LIES INTERR'D THE BODY OF ELIZABETH THE DAUGHTER OF S'' WILLIAM GORE WHO DYED JULY THE iS"- 1698 AGED 18 YEARS AND II MONTHS. The entry in the Register is : — 1698, July 25. M'" Elizabeth Gore buried in y= Middle Chanfell. Her armorial bearings are : A fesse between three crosses croslet fitchee. (Tinctures gone.) South wall of the nave, a little to the right of centre of the second arch, a white marble tablet with black border, with the following inscription : — IN MEMORY OF THE REVD HENRY BUTTS OWEN D.D. WHO IN SUCCESSION TO HIS FATHER THE REV" HENRY OWEN M.D. ALSO RECTOR OF THIS PARISH, ADMINISTERED TO IT IN THE OFFICES OF CURATE AND RECTOR FOR UPWARDS OF FIFTY YEARS. HE DIED I^' DECEMBER 1837. AGED 74 YEARS, DEEPLY LAMENTED BY A LARGE FAMILY AND CIRCLE OF FRIENDS. QUyliRAMUS SUPERNA. COL. III. I, MARBLE MONUMENTS. ug Bur. Reg., 1837, Dec' 9, buried from Highgate, in the Rector's grave, middle aisle. See chapter xv for biographical details. Also, between the second and third arches, are two monuments. The lower is of white marble with black border, in the form of a shield, thus inscribed : — NEAR THIS SPOT IN THE rector's VAULT ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OF M" RALPH BRADLEY OF CRUTCHED FRIARS SON OF JOSEPH BRADLEV ESQ'' OF ASHBURN, DERBYSHIRE, WHO DIED 19'''" MAY 1827, AGED 43 YEARS GREATLY BELOVED AND MOST DEEPLY LAMENTED. Bur. Reg., 1827, May 26"'- Ralph Bradley; abode. Clutched Friars; bur: in chancel vault. Immediately above the last is a rather pretty marble, the upper part bluish, the lower part white, inscribed : — Sacred to the Memory of JOHN WATTS Esq. formerly President of the Council of New York in North America ; when that country was subject to the British Government: He died the 15"' day of August 1789 in the 75th year of his Age. The entry in the Register is : — 1789, Aug. 21" John Watts Esq''- in the Middle Chancel Vault. The armorial bearings are : — A tree growing out of a mount in base, surmounted by a fesse azure, charged with a crescent between two mullets. (Tinctures cut.) Crest : On a mount a cubit arm erect, holding in the hand a branch of . Motto — Forti non deficit telum. 120 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. On the south wall of nave, partly in the clerestory, on the right of the third arch, is a white marble slab with an elaborate setting in carved wood, with the following inscription : — 3n Znemorv of JOHN LETTS, EsqRk many years of the Royal Exchange, London and more recently of Broxbourne, Herts, who departed this life 25"' March 185 1 in the 79"' year of his age deeply lamented by all who knew him. Also of MARY his first wife who died 6"' October 1815, Aged 42 years (interred in S'- Stephen's Coleman S'- ) And of FRANCES his second wife who died l^' May, 1848, Aged 60 years. At the bottom of the wooden frame is carved : — This tablet was raised by their surviving children.' The burial entries show : — John Letts was buried 29th March, 1851, from Broxbourne, Herts, in the vault near the foot of the steps from door in Hart Street. Frances Letts was buried 6th May, 1848, also from Broxbourne, and in the vault near the foot of the steps from door in Hart Street. ' Of whom the Rev. John Letts, a former Rector, was one. LEDGER STONES. INSCRIPTIONS IN CHURCHYARD. MONUMENTS FROM ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. CHAPTER VIII. The Ledger Stones in the Churchy names thereon : — Henry Bntts Owen, Daniel Mills, John Beare, Ann Russell, John Sansom, Ann Chitty, J. H. B., John Newton, Henry Davy, Elizabeth Willis. 2. Inscriptions in the churchyard, j. Fifteen Monuments removed from Allhallow^ Staining to St. Olave's in i86g-yo, viz., I. Emma Charlton. 2. William Frithe. J. Alice Farewell. 4. Mary Bewley. 5. Rev. Jordan Tancred. 6. Rev. William Holland. 7. Rev. Daniel Fogg, D.D. 8. Thomas Potter, g. Sir G. Ray. 10. Hugh Ingram. JI. Monkhouse Davison. 12. John Thistlewood. I J. Alexander Smyth. 14. Jane Mary Sharpe. 15. Rev. Lancelot Sharpe. Wooden tablet recording benefaction of Mary Benam, IS77- ^^HE Ledger Stones have the following inscriptions and armorial bearings. On the floor in the nave ;- BENEATH THIS STONE ARE DEPOSITED THE MORTAL REMAINS OF THE REV HENRY BUTTS OWEN D.D MANY YEARS RECTOR OF THIS PARISH HE DIED isr DEC 1837 AGED 74 YEARS. THE ABOVE WAS THE SON OF THE REV^ HENRY OWEN M.D. ALSO RECTOR OF THIS PARISH AND VICAR OF EDMONTON MIDDLESEX. LIKEWISE IN THE NORTH AISLE LIE THE REMAINS OF THE REVD DANIEL MILLS, D.D RECTOR OF THIS PARISH WHO WAS BURIED IN THE YEAR 1683.' ' 1683 is wrong; probably the error arose from mistaking the burial of Daniell Milles, March 30th, 1683, for the burial of the Rector, his father, November 1st, 1689. 122 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. The entry in the Register is : — 1689, Nov. I. D' Dan' Milles y" Reverend Incumbent of this parish was buryed in y^ chaunsell. Under this stone lyeth the Bodies of M' JOHN BEARE and M'^ Dousabell Bearf. his wife they were married together 34 years and he lived in this Parish 42 years. They were both descended from good families in the County of Devonshire He was born at Totnes in the said County and his wife at Barnstaple with the name of Harris. She departed this life the 2'' of June 1688 in the 78"' year of her age. He followed her the 29"' July 1696 in the 78"' year of his age they were both examples of piety and sanctity of justice and charily of temperance and sobriety and now they here rest together in expectation of Mercy at the great day of Restitution. The entries in the Register are : — 1688, June 9. M'' Dulcibella wife of M' John Beare M'^ch' was buryed in y' south side Chauncell. 1696, August 7. M' John Beare buried in y^ South Chanfell. The armorial bearings, in the upper part of the stone, are : — Three bears' heads erased, impahng three crescents. [Harris.] Crest: A bear's head erased. In hopes of a blessed Resurrection Here lyes U^^ ANN RUSSELL daughter of SAM'- & HAN" MAWBY of this Parish who Dyed M[ay] y" ii"' 1728 in y' 31" year of her age. Also 3 of her children. Also the Body of M^s HANNAH MAWBY Mother of M^^ ANN RUSSELL Who Departed this Life Nov' y" 20"' 1732 in y" 59"' Year of her Age. The entries in the Register : — 1728, May 18'"- Ann Russell in y° old yard. 1732, Novemb' 24. Hannah Mobbey old yard. LEDGER STONES, ETC. 123 /« i/ie north choir partly under the pewing, is a ledger stone, with no inscription, but with a coat per bend and (?) a bordure. This evidently belongs to Capponius, whose monument {see p. 92), is close by. hi the north aisle, at the foot of chancel step : HERE LYETH ENTER'D THE BODY OF M" SANSOM WHO DYED Y>^ 20'" OF APRIL 1705. Here also lyeth interr'd yi^ body of M'^ Anne Sansom wife of y<= said M' Sansom who dyed October 24"' 17 19. The entries in the Register are : — 1705. Aprill 25. Jn° Sansum Esq' buried in y<= Myddle Chanfell. 1 7 19, Octo: y^ 30. M" Ann Sansom buried in the Chancell. The armorial bearings are :— A cross flory between four escallops, all within a bordure. The Crest is covered by pewing. In the lower part of the adjoining stone :— ANN CHITTY Ohijt y'' j^' May 1729 ^tatis 7 months 27 days ANN CHITTY obijt y« 20"' NoV 1730 .^itatis j month. The entries in the Register are : — ■ 1729, May 6. Ann Chitty a Child in y" North He. 1730, Novmb"' 21. Anne Chitty in y^ North Chancell. The armorial bearings in the upper part of the stone are : — On a chevron between three talbots' heads erased in chief, and a mullet in base, impaling, a chevron between three spear heads. Crest : A talbot's head, erased. R 2 124 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. An inscription scarcely legible : — HERE LYETH ENTERED THE BODY OF J. H. B. . . . ESQR COMM- ON CRIER AND SERJEANT AT ARM- ES WITHIN YE CITTY OF LONDON WHO HAD TO WIFE ELISABETH VETRYS ENTR ESSV DEPARTED IN THE At the west end of the nave : — Here Lyelh Interd the Body of M" JOHN NEWTON Merchant of London .... with seven sons and Four Daughters. He departed this Life December y" 2'^ In the vear ' °^ """^ ^°"^ '^97 in tne year ^ ^j. j^j^ j^^ ^^ Here alsoe Lyeth the Body of MARTHA NEWTON His Wife who Died August the 1 710 in the year of her Age 7 The entry in the Register is : — 1697, Dec. 7. M' Jn° Newton Merch' buried in y"= Middle He. The coat is illegible. Here lyeth the body of MR HENRY DAVY of London [Merchant] . . . who dyed the [6"']' February Anno [1672]' Here lyeth the Body of WILLIAM DAVY the Father of the said HENRY DAVY [i6]50. The Bur. Reg., 1672-3, Feb. 11. Henry Davey M't buryed in ye Chaunsell. ' The dates in brackets [ ] are filled up from Strype's Stow, which mentions the monument of " Henry Davy, Merchant, Feb. 6, 1672." The correct date would be 1673, ^^ shown by the Bur. Reg., the date of the month being earlier than the 2Sth March, LEDGER STONES, ETC. 125 A black marble slab, inscribed : — Underneath lyes interrd the Body of M-^s ELIZABETH WILLIS widow of Captain FRANCIS WILLIS who dyed the 29"' of October 1722 Aged 84 years. The armorial bearings are : — Dexter shield illegible, impaling a lion rampant. (Femme shield.) At the western end of the south aisle is a fractured black marble ledger stone. It had at some time a large plate inserted towards the middle; above are three inlaid shields of white marble, but there is no trace of armorial bearings upon any of them. Round this slab there is an inlaid border, also of white marble.' There is no inscription traceable. Probably this was a brass with a marginal inscription. In the south choir, near the east wall, is a stone, with armorial bearings at the upper end. The coat is illegible, but one can decipher two words of a motto, " esse fortes," and part of an inscription, thus: — Gove' of his ma iesties Garrison of Tanger who died 28 July 1677 aged 8 yea^ 10 days. The stone bears another inscription, with some verses, in which "perplex" rhymes with "sex," but it is almost effaced. The entry in the Register is : — 1677, July 31. ffraunces ffaireborne Da' of Sir Palmes fifaireborne was buried in y= south Isle in y= church from m' John Bowles. Strype, 1754, mentions, "among the monuments more modern," that of "Frances Fairborn, daughter of Sir Palmes Fairborn, Lieutenant-General of His Majesty's City and Garrison of Tangier, July 26th \_sic\ 1677." INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD OF ST. OLAVE. Although there are two Churchyards belonging to the Parish, there is not even an inscription in what is called the New Churchyard, which is on the east side of Seething Lane. ' The white shield-slabs indicate where the armorial bearings were. 126 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. In the Old Churchyard we have the following monuments : — 1. Near the south door of the Church a vault with a brass plate inscribed "Entrance to Mr. DAVID EVANS'S Family Vault, 1815." 2. A tablet affixed to the south wall of the Vestry, in memory of ROBERT WOOD, Farrier, 1727, £Et. 65; and two children, THOMAS, 1706, one year and one month j ROBERT, 1 7 10, one year and five months. 3. A large brick tomb, "Sacred to the Memory of Mrs. JANE TABER, who departed this life the 4th January, 1820, aged 70 years." The inscriptions are : — 1. HENRY BROWN, the . . . of April 17-1, «t. 59, and his daughter ANN BROWN, . . . Jan. 1765 (?), Eet. 22. 2. EDMUND TOGWELL, of Reading, Berks, 13th Feb. 1741-2, Kt. 57. 3. JOHN KNYGHTE. ... 4. Rev^i DANIEL MILLS 8. Mrs. ELIZ. ALINGHAM, wife of W^ ALINGHAM, . . . Dec' 1743, and her two brothers, ROB'^ & NATH. SPAGEMAN or STAGEMAN. 9. MARY ANN, wife of JAMES PAPINEAU, of this parish, h'" June 1824, set. 26; CHARLES PAPINEAU, i8th March 1830, st. 13 months; FREDERICK PAPINEAU, ist Jany 1839, aet. 8; JAMES PAPINEAU, the Father of the above children, isth Janv 1841, ^t. 51; SARAH PAPINEAU, wife of the above JAMES PAPINEAU, 7th July 1845, set. 53. 10. Children of WILLIAM and MARY RIXON, of this parish, CHARLOTTE, isth April 1804, St. 9 months: EDWARD, i8th Feb. 1813, set. 7 months; HENRY, 31st July 1837, at. 30; and JOHN SOUTER RIXON, 6th Dec. 1839, at. 39; WILLIAM RIXON, the father, 2Sth April, 1851, set. 73, leaving his widow and surviving children, &c. 11. MARY BISHOP, wife of JOHN BISHOP, of this parish, March 4th, 1848, set. 75. 12. MARY ANN GOODHALL, Nov' 19th, 1838, aet. 42. 13. Mrs. M. E. GOODHALL, 20th January 1805, set. 32; Mrs. ANN CHANNING, 3rd December 1814, set. 76; HENRY HUMPHREY GOODHALL, Esq'-, 3rd Nov. 1835. 14. HENRIETTA REBECCA, wife of JOHN EDWARD GATOR OSMOND, of Savage Gardens, Janv 12th, 1837, set. 27 years. 15. Mrs. ELIZABETH ALDOUS, ist June 1843, ^t. 43. 16. ANNE MARGARET dau. of QUARLES & ANNE HARRIS, of Billiter Square, 30th Dec' 1833, set. 11 years, 9 months. Near this spot QUARLES, their son, 22 Nov' 182 1, set. 6 months. 17. The children of EDWIN & ISABELLA BLACKBURN, of Savage Gardens, MARY SOPHIA, i2th Sept' 1841, Eet. 3 years and 5 months; WILLIAM BOWLES, 23rd Dec' 1850, set, 13 months ; MARGARET, 30th Dec' 1850, st. 3 years and 8 months. LEDGER STONES, ETC. 127 18. WILLIAM BOWLES, 20th April 1852, eet. 64. 19. Foot Stone, T. J., 1796. F. J., 1820. 20. MARY ANN BALLARD LAMBERT, of this parish, 23rd Nov. 1831, set. 36, erected by her husband, who, with nine children, is left to deplore her loss. 21. Mr. ROBERT GRAVES, 6th Jan. i8 16, set. 62. 22. JAMES EDWARDS, of this parish, April 28th, 1822, Eet. 54; three children, viz.: — CHARLES EDWARDS, March nth, 1798, £fit. 9 months and 11 days; JAMES EDWARDS, August 17th, 1813, aet. 17 months; and GEORGE EDWARDS, Feb^ 28th, 1815, aet. 9 years; Mrs. SARAH EDWARDS, their mother, Aug. 3rd, 1828, set. 57. 23. Mr. JOSEPH HUDSON, 3rd June 1805, set. 68. 24. SARAH, wife of JAMES CROCKER, of this parish, Sept. isth, 1830, set. 31; the above JAMES CROCKER, June 19th, 1832, Kt. 30. 25. JOHN FOTHERGILL, 28th March 1845, ^et. 76. 26. SARAH ANN ALCHORNE, Oct. 24th, 1804, Kt. i year and 3 months. 27. JAMES WARING, Esq'=, son of JASPER WARING, Esq., His Majesty's Consul at Alicante in Spain, 20th Feb. 1836, set. 21. There is a brass tablet facing you on entering the Church from Hart Street, with the following inscription : — THIS TABLET COMMEMORATES THE UNION OF THE BENEFICES OF S. OLAVE, HART STREET, AND ALLHALLOWS, STAINING, BY AN ORDER OF HER MAJESTY IN COUNCIL, MARCH 30, 1870, IN PURSUANCE OF THE UNION OF BENEFICES ACT, i860, AND OF LADY SLANEY'S TRUST ESTATE ACT, 1869. THE PARISH CHURCH OF ALLHALLOWS, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE TOWER, WAS TAKEN DOWN, AND IN THE PLACE OF IT THREE CHURCHES ARE TO BE ERECTED AND ENDOWED IN NEW DISTRICTS IN THE DIOCESE OF LONDON.' ALL THE MONUMENTS WERE REMOVED FROM ALLHALLOWS TO S. OLAVE'S. FIFTEEN WERE PLACED AT THE WEST END OF THE NORTH AISLE AND ONE IN THE BAPTISTERY. A.D. 1871. ALFRED POVAH, M.A., Rector of the United Parishes. John Mackinlay, 1 Churchwardens ot George Baker, 1 Churchwardens of William Verry, ) S. Olave's. Henry Hughes, ) Allhallows. ' The three churches "erected and endowed" are i. Allhallows, Bromley-by-Bow, 1874. 2. St. Anthony, Stepney, 1879, and St. Paul's, Homerton, 1891. See chapter xix. 128 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. MONUMENTS FORMERLY IN THE CHURCH OF ALL- HALLOWS; REMOVED TO ST. OLAVE'S, 1869-1870. The following monuments are at the west end of the north aisle. Eleven are given in chronological order ; but four, viz., in memory of Rev. Lancelot Sharpe, formerly Rector of Allhallows', of his first wife, his parents, and of his second wife are placed last. BEFORE THIS PLACE LIETH THE BODIE OF EMM CHARLTON WIFE OF ROBERT CHARLTON CITIZEN AND FISH- MONGER OF LONDON BY WHOM SHE HAD ISSUE 3 SONS & 4 DAUGHTERS AND DIED IN CHILDBED THE 23"* OF JUNE, 1622, HAVING BEEN MARRIED lO YEARS 10 MONTHES & 17 DAIES & LIVED 30 ONE YEARS FIVE MONTHS & ODD DAIES. SHE WAS YONGEST CHILD OK THOMAS HARBY OF ADSTONE IN THE COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON ESQVRE, BY HIS LAST WIFE KATHARINE THROGMORTON DAVGHTF.R OF CLEMENT THROGMORTON OF HASELEY IN THE COUNTY OF WARWICK ESQVRE AND OF KATHARINE NEVYLL SISTER TO THE THEN LORD OF ABVRGAVENIE. ET GENUS ET NOMEN NOSTI, NOMENQVE MARITI PROGENIEM ATQVE DIES, SIC OBITVM ET TUMVLVM. TE LATET IPSE TAMEN, LICET H.T.C EXTERNA TVERIS, NOBILIA INTERIVS, NOBILIORA LATENT, NOBILITAS VERA EST SANCTIS VIRTVTIBVS ORTA ; HANC TENERIS ANNIS HVIC DEDIT OMNISATOR. NAM CVM LACTE SIMVL MATERNO RELIGIONEM IMBIBIT, ASSIDVE MATRE DOCENTE PIA, POSTEAQVE VT VIRES CRESCEBANT, CREVIT IN ILLA VERA DEI VERI COGNITIO ATQVE FIDES. NEC SINE FRVGE FIDES, FVIT AI.MA, PVDICA, BENIGNA, COMPATIENS, HVMILIS, MITIS, AMICA, BONA. SIC VERAM VERA CVM JVSTITIA PIETATEM ET FACTA BONIS VERBIS JVNXERAT ILLA BONA. VT MATER NATAM, MATRIS SIC NATA NEPOTES IMBVIT, IMPRIMIS COGNITIONE DEI NON SPECIE TANTVM, SED VERE RELIGIOSA ET VIRGO, ET CONJVX. ET DOMINA, ET GENETRIX. PRINCIPIO FINIS SIMILIS SIC VLTIMA PRIM/E LINEA CONFORMIS ; MORTVA VIVA SIMVL. EMME CHAKLTON, DIED 23"' JUNE, 1622. The armorial bearings are: — I. Quarterly of four : — i and 4. A lion rampant. 2 and 3. Ten roundles, four, three, two and one. [Zouch.] Over all a crescent for difference. H. Dexter as No. i, impaling a fesse dancettee ermine, between ten billets, four in chief and six in base. LEDGER STONES, ETC. 129 MEMORI<« SACRVM. GVII.IELMI FRITHE SENIORIS SYMBOL^OGRAPHI LONDINENSIS, VIRI TAM PIETATE ET MORIB' I'ROBISSIMI QVAM ARTE SVA I'ROBATISSIMI, ANNO MT. 74, ET AUCI/E CONSORTIS EJVS FIDEUSSIMA), ANNO A'.T. 76, JIATRON^. CIR- CA ANNV ^TATIS SEXAGESIMV LITERAR. 4 STVDIA PRIVS II.LIBATA NON MINVS FELICITER QVAM INSIGNITER AGGRES- SX & VT NVPERIS LVCTVOSISSIMIS PVULICI DISSIDII ET EXCI- DII TEMPORIB' CITIVS EMARCESCENTES HAC VITA DECES- SERVNT, ILLE 8° MARTIS 1648, ET H^C 6° APRILIS 1649, ET CVM DVOB' FILIIS GEORGIO PRIMOGENITO, EDWARDO, ET MINIMO NATV PR.IiMORTVIS ET CVM VNICA FILIA ELIZABETHA MIL- LER ET DVOB' LIBERIS DICT^ ELIZABETHS SCl' GEORGIO ET ELIZA- BETHA MILLER (INTERMORTVIS) HIC CONSEPVLTI JACENT ; TRIBVS ALUS FILIIS GVILIELMI ET ALICIA SCILICET GVILIELMO JOHANNE ET ALPHONSO FRITHE RELICTIS SVPERSTITIBVS. titilla sub axe quies ; varii instar vita cyliiidri est ; Attonitisque fiigit inobilis Hora rotis. Tessera militice vita est ; huic ferrea fata Aiiibiguas peragimt imperiosa vices, Sangumeamque cuti insctilpunt operosa ntbricam, Dum cai charta, cruor litera, penna Chalybs. Syrtibus iiifidis obcingiinur ; aspera nostia Sors velitti est rejluis qitassa carina vadis. Concutior tectum quasi ab iiiia sede revulsuin Candida at astrigei-ajirina stat aula plages. Si centrum ccelum sit, et enthea norma dierttm, Circinet et cactun hunc fulgida sphesra globum, ALternis librata polls fiet ara Salutis Non peJe, sacrilega nee temeranda mami. Felix cethereum ctijus peril anchora lliuum, Cui Nauclera fides et Cynostira Dens. The armorial bearings are :— Sable two garbs in saltire or, impaling argent, a bend sable, cotised gules, the outer part engrailed, between two eagles displayed of the second. What was William Frithe's calling? He is described as a " Symbolseographus." Strype, referring to the monument, gives, "William Frith, painter," which may mean "heraldic painter." Liddell and Scott, ..;./3oXacorpd0oc, a Writer of contracts, a notary.— Hesych. Cf. " writer to the signet. " 130 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. A small Tablet with the following inscription : — S • M • Neere THIS place vnder THE Comvnion Table lyeth interred ihe body of Alice, the beloved wife of PHILIPES FAREWELL Of London, and Tvrky merchant, By whome hee had one onely Sonne named JOHN. She was y' davghter of JOHN and ALICE WAGER CITIZEN and draper of the said CITTY who dyed at the age of 26 year^= vpon the S"* day of Octb. Ann"- Dni 1655. RESURGAM VIVIT POST FUNERA VIRTV= The Entry in the Register : — 165s, Ocf ii"'- Alice Farwell wife of Phillips Farwell marchantt was buryed the 1 1* of October in the chancell under the comunion table. The armorial bearings are :— A chevron between three escallops, impaling a lion rampant holding in the dexter paw a sword, the blade to the sinister. A MEMORIAL OF MISTRIS MARY BEWLEY DAUGHTER OF EDWARD FORD MERCHANT AND THE LATE MATCHLESSE WIFE OF THO- MAS BEWLEY OF HALL PLACE IN KENT, GENTLEMAN AND MERCHANT OF LONDON SHE WALKED WITH GOD IN ALL HIS COMMANDMENTS & ORDINANCES : WAS ADOR- NED WITH GOOD WORKES AND WAS AN EXAMPLE OF WISEDOME MODESTY & LOVE IN HER LAST SICKNESSE SHE DESIRED OTHERS TO SETT THEIR AFFECTIONS ON THINGS ABOVE AND TO BEWARE OF IMMODERATE LOVE AND SORROW SHE SLEPT IN THE LORD THE FIRST DAY OF FEBRUARY 1655, BEING THE XXXVFH YEARE OF HER AGE AND THE VIITh WEEKE AFTER THE DEATH OF THAT HOPEFULL YOUNG GENTLEMAN THOMAS BEWLEY THEIR ONELY SON A MEMBER OF THE HONBle SOCIETY OF GRAVES INNE; HE REMEMBERED HIS CREATOR IN THE DAYES OF HIS YOUTH. WAS INGENIOVS & DILIGENT A PROFICIENT IN LEARNING & PIETY. HE FINISHED HIS SHORT BUT WELL RUN COURSE THE IX^h DAY OF DECEM- BER 1658, BEING THE XVIII™ YEARE OF HIS AGE. LEDGER STONES, ETC. 131 THESE (TWO NOW WITH CHRIST) LIVE, DYD & LYE TOGE THER IN THE SAME GRAVE NEARE TO THIS PLACE & TO BOTH THEIR MEMORIES IS THIS MONUMENT ERECTED BY THE LOVING HUSBAND AND FATHER. The entry in the Register : — 1658, Dec' 17th, Thomas Bewley son of Mr. Thomas Bewley marchantt was buryed the 17th of Decern' in the chancell. See Bur. Reg. S.O.H. 1643 Nov. 14. Mr. Thomas Bewley Marchante carried fro: hence into y= Cuntrye. Buryed, chancell. Bur. Reg. A.H.S. 1658-9 Feb^ 15 Mary Bewley wife of Mr. Thomas Bewley Marchant was buryed the 15th Febr in the chancell. The armorial bearings are : — Quarterly of four :- — i & 4. Ermine, on a canton gules, an orle argent; 2. Argent, a saltire between four mullets gules ; 3. Argent three birds close sable, on a chief per fesse, or & gules, a pale counterchanged, impaling per fesse or and ermine, a unicorn rampant per fesse sable and gules, collared of the first, langued of the last. JVear this Place In fill afsurance of a joyfid refiirrection Rests y^ Body of Jordan Tancred Clerk Chaflaine to his Grace y Duke of Leedes y Rector of Banvick &" Elmet in y" weft Ryding of Yorkshire %oho dyed March y 10^'^ in y 81^^ yeare of his Age Also y Bodies of William Holland late Minister of this parish ( &= Elisabeth his wife) in whose time &= cheijly by his indefatigable care and paines this Church dr' Parsonage hotise were rebuilt And who being dead yet speaketh ; hee dyed October 6"' [,i6'/'/'\ Aged Sy yeares ; she dyed March 5'* i6gg Aged yg yeares. To whose Memories Susanna wife of y s^ Jordan &= daughter of y s" Will &= Eli: who dyed February 5t. ©laocs next abjoyning \d\\q byeb ttje nintt; "Zia-^ of September 2Ino Domini \577, anb left £anb5 for ttje releife of tlje poore of t^eis troo parrisfjes to tl;e \zax\^z Dalue of ten Pounbs fourteen stiillings oiij pence for e»er. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. CHAPTER IX. Parish Registers^ their origin. The Registers of St. Olave's from 1563 ; 13 volumes. Summary of Entries.^ 1363-1893. The Baptismal Register. Some of the principal names mentioned in it: Sir Paul Bayning., Sir Philip Sidney, Devereux, Earl of Essex, Sir Henry Bowyer, Sir Henry Baker, Sir Thomas Savage, Sir Robert Knollys, William Fanshawe, Ann Harrison, afterwards Lady Fanshawe, Sir John Wolstenholme, Sir Andrew Riccard, Sir Denny Ashhurnham, Sir Anthony Deane, Sir William Buck, Sir John Narborough, Sir Thomas Fhpe Blunt, Sir William Booth, Jeffery Amherst, Sir William Gore, Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Dr. Richard Meade, Sir John Heathcote, and Sir William St. Quintin. ^ARISH Registers of Baptisms owe their origin to Cardinal Ximenes, Archbishop of Toledo. At a diocesan synod, held at Alcala in 1497, over which he presided, the rule was made for the diocese of Toledo that a register be kept of the names of those baptised, also giving the names of their parents, of the godfathers and godmothers, and of some witnesses of the baptism. — Histoire du Ministere du Cardinal Ximenes, par M. de Marsolier, 3me edition, 1739, tome i, livre ii, p. 264. The object of this regulation was to check suits for annulment of marriage on the plea of spiritual affinity within the prohibited degrees.' " Divorces of this kind were common in England in the fifteenth century, and the records of the Church of Rochester supply many examples. The ' The passage in De Marsolier's book alcove aUuclcfl to, will be found <|iioted in the Appendix. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 139 marriage between John Trevennock and Joan Peckham was dissolved on January 7th, 1465, on the ground that John's former wife Letitia had been godmother to one of Joan's children; and William Loveless, of Kingsdown, was cited on December 29th, 1472, on a charge of having married his spiritual sister, that is, a woman to whom his mother had been godmother. Offences of this kind were severely punished by the Diocesan, and John Howthon, of Tunbridge, was sentenced in 1463 to be whipped three times round the market and church, for marrying Dionysia Thomas, who was the god-daughter of his former wife." — Parish Registers in England, by R. E, C. Waters, p. 4. In Henry the Eighth's reign. Parish Registers, for the registration of baptisms, marriages, and burials, were introduced into English parishes. Before this time. Monastic Registers, in addition to keeping an account of matters of special interest to monastic foundations, preserved the names of benefactors and tenants, but outside of these classes there was no registration. Of. the vast mass of the people who were baptized, married, and buried there was no written memorial, and these unrecorded folk, which meant the greater part of the nation, soon passed into the category of "the forgotten dead." On 29th September, 1538, a royal injunction was published by Cromwell, the Vicar-General, that " the curate of every parish shall keep one book or register, which book he shall every Sunday take forth and in the presence of the Church Wardens or one of them, write and record in the same all the weddings, christ'nings, and burials made the whole week before ; and for every time that the same shall be omitted, shall forfeit to the said church iijs. iiijd." Cromwell had resided in the Netherlands, then under the domination of Spain, and knew of the Baptismal Registers there kept by the Spanish clergy, following the initiative set by Cardinal Ximenes in the diocese of Toledo. Perceiving the advantages of a system of registration, it is thought that Cromwell endeavoured to introduce one into English parishes immediately after the dissolution of the smaller monasteries. Eight registers are in existence having entries of an earlier date than 29th September, 1538. These are : — i. the Register of St. James, Garlickhithe. The original register is in a small folio book of paper bound in leather. T 2 140 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. There is also a parchment transcript of the registers down to 1681. "Anno Dni 1535. Mariages. The 26 of January was Thomas Mauryng and Margrett Jordan." W. D. Cooper, in Transactions of London and Middlesex Arc/ueological Society, vol. iii, p. 393. 2. The register of St. Mary Bothaw, London, 1536. Ibid. p. 392. 3. The register of Kirkham, Lancashire, 1529. 4. Listed, Surrey, 30th August, 1538. 5. Maidford, Northampton, 1530. 6. Wolverton, Buckinghamshire, 1536. 7. West Clandon, Surrey, 1536. 8. Perlethorpe, Nottinghamshire, 1528. — The History of Parish Registers in England, by J. S. Burn, pp. 8, 9, 12 and 13. 812 registers have been traced in which the first entry is dated 1538. London City parishes supply 16 of these, viz., i, AUhallows, Bread Street ; 2, AUhallows, Honey Lane ; 3, St. Antholin ; 4, St. Benet Finke ; 5, Christ Church; 6, St. Lawrence, Jewry ; 7, St. Lawrence, Pountney ; 8, St. Mary Aldermanbury ; 9, St. Mary le Bow ; 10, St. Mary Woolnoth ; II, St. Matthew Friday Street; 12, St. Michael Bassishaw ; 13, St. Mildred Poultry; 14, St. Nicholas Cole Abbey; 15, St. Pancras Soper Lane; and 16, St. Peter Cornhill. The registers of the following four date from 1539: — I, St. Clement Eastcheap ; 2, St. Martin Ludgate ; 3, St. Michael Crooked Lane; and, 4, St. Nicholas Aeons. — W. D. Cooper, London and Middlesex ArchcBological Society, vol. iii, p. 392. The injunction of 29th September, 1538, did not specify of what material, paper or parchment, the register books were to be composed, and it appears that as a rule paper books were at first employed. The purchase of a register book is often specified in Churchwardens' Accounts, e.g., St. Margaret's, Westminster : — " 1538. Paid for a book to registre in the names of buryals, weddings and christ'nings, 2^-" This employment of paper registers will to some extent explain the fact of the comparatively small number of survivals bearing entries of 1538. The Convocation of Canterbury in 1597 laid down stringent regulations on the subject of parish registers, and these were embodied in the 70th canon of 1603, which enjoined that every parish was to procure a parchment book, and that the entries in the old paper books were to be copied into the parchment register, "so far as THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 141 the ancient books thereof can be procured, but especially since the begin- ning of the reign of the late Queen " [Elizabeth]. The parchment registers containing entries from 1538 to 1597 or 1603 are as a rule transcripts, made at the expense of the parish, from the earlier paper books. A transcript is recognised by the title of the book, or, by the similarity of the handwriting from the first entry down to those of 1597, 1603 or thereabouts, or, by the signature of the Incumbent at the bottom of every page transcribed. This last mark is said to have formerly deceived some antiquaries, who, seeing pages comprising entries extending over a period of sixty years signed by one Incumbent, proclaimed their opinion, with proofs, of the extraordinary longevity of the clergy of the latter half of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth. The compulsory civil registration of births, deaths, and marriages since ist July, 1837, has restricted parish registers since this date to a purely ecclesiastical character, whereas parish registers bearing entries during a part or the whole of the three centuries from 1538 to 1837 are records of value to the student and the antiquary, the variety of events noted in them, making them in parochial and local and occasionally in national matters, brief abstracts and chronicles of the time. This supplement to the simple registering of baptisms, marriages, and burials was distinctly recommended to the clergy by Bishop Kennet, in his visitation charge of 17 18: — " It is of very great consequence to the good estate of your parishes to keep your register books in order and safety, and to make your entries exact in your own handwriting. . . To this advice I need add nothing but my desire that you would have your register books in parchment, and if any are in paper only, to prevail with the Churchwardens to provide new ones in clean parchment or velume, to make your entries in good ink and in the plainest letters, to keep your distinction of years and months and daies in exact order of time, to leave no void spaces for interlining, to attest every leaf or page of the book with your own hand at the bottom of it, and at every Easter visitation to carry in a transcript of such acts and deeds duly attested, to be laid up in the Courts of Eccles: judicature, that upon occasion the authority of your parish books may be confirmed by the producing a duplicate of them. 142 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. When you have a new register book, still carefully to preserve the old, or if any other book be in private hands to search for any that in the letter of the canon hath been in the parish since the time the law was first made. One thing more I would intimate to you, that you are not only obliged to enter the day and year of every christning, wedding or burial, but it is left to your discretion to enter down any notable incident of times and seasons especially relating to your own parish and the neighbourhood of it, such as storms and lightning, contagion, mortality, drought, scarcity, plenty, longevity, robbery, murders, or the like casualties. If such memorable things were fairly entered, your parish registers would become chronicles of many strange occurrences that would not otherwise be known, and will be of great use and service for Posterity to know." — Lansdowne MSS., vol. xxiii. The parchment registers of St. Olave's date from the year 1563. The date of the heading of the baptismal register, and also of the first entry in it, is 2nd May. The marriage register is headed from 4th October — the first entry is for 27th November. The burial register is headed from 24th April — the date of the first entry is 26th April. These registers have not the usual characteristics of transcripts, but as the entries for 1563 are made without corrections, additions or erasures, they were most probably copied from a rough note book. A note in Leonard's handwriting states that the entries in October were made "per me Thomas Leonard, clarke." Leonard's entries are written in old English characters in a very small but very neat hand. A few years later, 1565, the entries are in a bold running hand, and this writing is found up to July 27th, 1581. From August, 1581, to September 9th, 1586, there are four changes of handwriting in the register. From September 14th, 1586, to August, 1599, the entries are made in very small writing in characters resembling those of 1563. In 1599 a scribe succeeds whose style of writing was very different from what was usual in that age. His letters are formed more simply, indeed they are so plain that they have a very modern look, and are almost as distinct as good print. A reaction, however, occurred some years later. Another hand appears, that with an excess of energy re-introduced the old characters, with all the superabundant flourishes of what was once esteemed ornamental penmanship. The numerous changes in handwriting that are found in the entries between IHE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 143 1563 and 1600 supply a very strong presumption — one may say a decisive proof — in favour of the register being the original register for the years specified in it. Of entries from 1538 to 25th April, 1563, no record has survived, nor does any note of explanation concerning these appear in the books preserved. Here, in the absence of definite information, we can only offer conjectures. That the parish clerks of St. Olave's kept in some fashion, either in a paper register or in rough note books, a register from 1538 to 1563 is very probable,' and these entries were not transcribed into the parchment register in 1563, possibly because it was not then considered obligatory. The first formal order enjoining that a copy of the entries from 1538 be made at the expense of the parish appeared in 1597, the second in 1603. Or, the parish clerks' memoranda of entries may have been in a condition so confused and illegible that the task of copying them was aban- doned, and the records soon perished. In St. Olave's parish the sixteenth century registers were kept by the parish clerks, and this custom appears to have been general in London parishes, though the injunction of 1538 specified the curate of the parish as the person who should post up the entries weekly. Doubtless in 1538, and for some years afterwards in various parishes, clerks were in office who had not the pen of a ready writer, and a correct system of registration had to wait until a parish was provided with a competent penman. The registers of St. Olave's since 1563 have been, on the whole, very well kept, and are at present in a good state of preservation. The Parish, as stated in chapter i, was originally described as St. Olave's "juxta Turrim," i.e., next or near to the Tower of London, " the royal palace for assemblies and treaties," and many of the parishioners were people of distinction. The names, therefore, of historical personages frequently occur in the registers. But "high and low, rich and poor" meet together in these pages " one with another," and these records, ' " The parish of St. Matthew, Friday Street, has a register (transcript) dating from 1538— a folio on vellum made by Dr. Thompson, rector 1666-1715, who has signed every page— also the original paper register, and the rough note book in which baptisms, marriages and burials were set down." — Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, Lond. and Middl. Archaol. Society, vol. iii, page 359. " The registers of St. Lawrence, Jewry, commence in 1538, and in the church coffer is contained not only a very neat transcript on parchment, as directed by the canon of Queen Elizabeth [1603], but also the original paper book (rora which it was copied."— J. S. Burn, Hisl. of Parish KegUleis in England, p. 45. 144 THE ANNALS OF ST. O LAVES HART STREET. therefore, are interesting from many points of view. The extracts given will be found fair examples, and it is hoped that the notes appended, with occasional pedigree sketches, will make them still more worthy of perusal; The Parish Register is contained in thirteen volumes, dated as follows, vk. : Vol. 1. Baptisms 1563 to 1631 ; Marriages 1563 to 1633 ; Burials 1563 to 1633. „ 2. Baptisms 1631 to 1706. „ 3. " Marriages 1632, March i, to 1704; ^Burials 1632 [1633], March 10, to 1684. „ 4. Baptisms 1706 to 1812, December 30; Marriages 1704 to 1754. ,, 5. Baptisms 1801, January 23, to 1812, Decemher 30, in duplicate. ,, 6. Burials 1684, October 4, to 1805, April 18. ,, 7. ^Baptisms 1813 to date. „ 8. Marriages 1754, March 25, to 1776, June 13. „ 9. "• Marriages 1776, August 25, to 1808, December 15. „ 10. Marriages i8og, January 3, to 1856, February 3. ,, II. 5 Marriages 1837, July 6, to date."^ Note. — Marriages from 1837, July 6, to 1856, Feb. 3, are also entered in the old form in vol. 10. ,, 12. Burials 1801, January 15, to 1812, December 31. „ 13. Burials 1813, February 7, to 1853, March 15. Churchyard closed August 15th.' Banns Books. — Vol. i. 1776 to 1815. „ 2. 1823 to 1826, and from 1840 to date. The following gives a summary of the number of baptisms, marriages, and burials that have been solemnized in St. Olave's parish from 1563, the year in which the entries in the registers begin, in periods of fifty-one years, to the end of 1893 : — Baptisms. Marriages. Burials. 1563, May 2, to end of 1613 1,383 602 2,162 1 6 14, January I 1664 2,278 689 2,806 1665 1715 2,274 363 2,871 1716 ,, 1766 ... 1,676 451 2.193 1767 1817 I,20J 543 1.433 1818 i858 778 382 68 1869 1893 for 25 years 229 9,819 149 3.179 ".533 ' Entered in duplicate from 1633, April 23 to October 20. ''Entered in duplicate from 1633, March 10 to June 30. 'From 1870, June S, the entries are under the heading "Baptism Solemnized in the United Parishes of St. Clave, Hart Street, and AUhallows Staining." 'Marriages from 1801, Jan. 15, to 1805, April 18, are entered also in vol. 6. 'The marriages in vol. 10, from (No. 236) 1837, July 6, to (No. 364) 1856, February 3, are entered also in this vol., in form pursuant to Act 6 & 7, Gul. 4, cap. 86. 'From 1870, June II, the entries are under the heading: — "Marriage Solemnized at the Parish Church of the United Parishes of St. Clave, Hart Street, and AUhallows Staining, in the City of London." ' H.M, Order in Council, August 8th, London Gazette, August 12th, 1853. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 145 The earliest Baptismal Register is entitled : — "The Booke of all such as have bene christened in the pishe church of St. Olaves Hart Streete, from the 2 of maye in Ann° 1563 Unto etc." 1563, May 2. Christening Inprirais Anne Bare the daughter of Mr. Barre gentehnan. The first entry exhibits a variety in spelling which is so common in old writings, e.g., "Bare," and "Barre"; cf. "daughter," May 20, with " dauter," June 16. The second entry is — May 20. Annas' Bawdvven daughter to Fetter" Bawdwin Brotherer.^ June 16. ffriswithe'' Burnell the dauter to willia burnell mearchant of the staple. " Staple," from the German " Stapel," to pile up. It formerly meant a chief market, with reference to the place where commodities were col- lected for sale ; now it denotes a chief commodity. Staple was regulated by 27 Edw. Ill, Stat. 2 (1353). The five chief or staple commodities of the kingdom were wool, woolfells (sheep-skins), leather, lead, and tin (butter, cheese and cloth were sometimes added), which could only be sold for exportation by a corporation called Merchants of the Staple, and could only be sent from certain towns known as towns of the Staple. These towns were Bristol, Caermarthen, Calais, Canterbury, Chichester, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Exeter, Lincoln, London, Middleburgh, New- castle-on-Tyne, Norwich, Waterford and York. By the above statute it was felony for any but authorised merchants to deal in Staple goods. The staple was the subject of numerous statutes, and the staple towns were frequently changed. After the reign of Henry VI, Calais became the sole staple town. \_See Skeat's " Etymological Dictionary," and G. H. Townsend's " Manual of Dates," p. 933, ed. Lond., 1874.] 1566, September 9. Eva daughter of Anne frier, Baisborne. " Frier," probably from being found in Crutched Friars. One cannot fail to notice the great number of foundling children entered in the baptismal registers. October 10. EUas and Thomasin son and daughter of mr. Hearison To Twenes.= Thomasin, Thomasina, and Thomysard occur in the register as feminine forms of the name Thomas. ' Agnes. '' Peter. ■' Embroiderer. ' Frideswide, ' Two children, twins. 146 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET 1568, September 8. John mole the sonne of Patter de mole silke wefer. In the child's name the " de " is omitted, showing how the trace of French descent is obliterated, till in our own day there are found comparatively few French names among the descendants of the refugees who planted the silk manufacture in the neighbourhood of Spitalfields, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685. 1570, July 25. Samwell the sonne of John grene christened at Alhallowes staning. Why entered in our register? Possibly it was a receiving of the child into the Church. 1574, May 28. Athabell the sonne of Nicolas Petefer, minister. Athabell seems to be another form of Affabell. 1575, July 10. Peter the sonne of Mr. leboney marchant stranger at the french church. The French Protestant Church in London was established by Royal Charter in 1550, during the reign of Edward VI, who gave the refugees the Church of the Hospital of St. Anthony, in Threadneedle Street. Their church was situated in St. Martin's le Grand from 1841 to 1877. This site was sold for ^26,000, to enlarge the General Post Office. The new church in Soho Square was dedicated by the Bishop of London, Lady-day, 1893. 1577, Dec. 13. Jammary the sonne of Barnardine stranger one of the glas makers. There are many entries of children of glass makers. " One James Verselyn, a stranger, a Venetian, about the year 1580, or perhaps somewhat before, was the first that set up a Glasshouse in London, for making Venice Glasses, for which the Queen granted him a privilege under her Great Seal. But the glass sellers in London were much aggrieved at this and showed the Lords of the Privy Council that it was the overthrow of fifty households using the trade of selling of glasses. There was a prohibition in the Patent that none should sell such glasses but the said Verselyn only." — [Strype, Book v, p. 327.] " The first making of Venice Glasses in England began at the Crotched Friars in London about the beginning of the raigne of Queene Elizabeth by one Jacob Venalime, an Italian." — [Stow, Howe's ed., 1631, p. 1,040.] THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 147 1578, June 17. Scipion the sonne of mr. John Swego stranger. 1579-80, Jan. 3, written "Jenawarie." Dorothie the daughter of thomas bragden marchanttailor. 1580, May 8. Hortensia the daughter of bonifatio facio stranger. 1580, Dec 4. Sara the daughter of mr. Jno. highlord, marchant. 1583, Nov. 7. Nathanniell. 1584-5, Feb. i. Zacharias. 1588-9, March 18. Abigail. 1580-1, Feb. 5, ivritten " Febrewarie." Willm the sonne of John Juel dark to mr. blackwell register. Jan. 15. Nathaniell the son of mr. hall, minister of Staninges. 1 58 1, April 30. Katherin the daughter of Mr. John turcke gen'' of the law. Sep. 14. Jaques the sonne of Robert hovvell stranger borne In this Parrish and baptized at the french [church]. Sep. 17. Margerie the daughter of Jaspar blankharde stranger." 1 58 1-2, March 4. Georg the sonne of Robert pkins sir w"' winters cooke. 1582, April 17. John the sonne of Pawle Banninge m'^chaunt. This seems to be the first entry of " Banninge," cf. " 1588, April 28. Pawle the sonne of rn pawle Banninge rachant." 1582, June 3. Robert the sonne of Inocent coanes, Quenenes musitiner; also 1582-3, March 10, Margerie the dawter of harry coanes, silkeweaver. March 14. Elyzabeth the daughter of Robert bliss y'= L"^ lumlyes man. 1583, April 18. Mary the dauter of John lane y^ L of honnesdons man. July 7. Abigail the daughter of David wood. Preacher. Nov. 5. Horatio the sonne of Joseph Luxe, quenes musitiner. 1583-4, Feb. 20. Cassandra the daughter of francis beardmore L. lumlyes man. 1585, Nov. 15. Elyzabeth the daughter of Sir Phillip sidney, Knight. Sir Philip Sidney, "the jewel of the Court of Queen Elizabeth," author of " The Arcadia," which, Hallam says, " stands quite alone among English fictions of this century." [" Literature of Europe," ii, p. 218.J He is, perhaps, better known for his refusal of a cup of water as he lay dying, and bade them give it to a soldier who was stretched on the ground beside him ; " Thy necessity," he said " is greater than mine." This was at the battle of Zutphen in 1586, where he flung away his life to save the English army in Flanders. Sir Philip (knighted 1583) was son of Sir Henry Sidney, who, from his childhood, was brought up with Edward VI ; his mother was Lady ' "Jaspar," uncommon : " blankharde," Blanchard. U 2 148 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. • Mary Dudley, eldest daughter of John, Earl of Warwick. \See Bur. Reg. 1586, Aug. 22. J He married Frances, the daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham, and this "Elyzabeth" was their daughter. His widow married secondly Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, executed 1601, February 25, and became the mother of Robert Lord Devereux. \_See Bap. Reg. 1 590-1, Jan. 22.] " Elyzabeth " was afterwards the wife of Roger, Earl of Rutland. 1585, Nov. 28. Beniamine the son of mr. thomas hale pson of y= church. Cf. 1590, Dec. 19. Timothie the sonne of m? thomas hale late parson. Hale was Rector from 1583, December 4, to 1590, when he resigned. John Sympson had been admitted Rector, December 9, 1590. 1588, April 28. Pawle the sonne of mr. paull Banninge m'^chant. " Pawle the sonne," afterwards Viscount Sudbury. 1588, Dec. 21. Martha the dawter of Jaffary nettellton m''chaunt. 1589, Dec. 21. John and Paull the sonnes of John bergeriss minnister of the church and there babtized. This entry is out of its proper order in the register. The next entry is the most interesting in the whole of the Register of Baptisms. 1590-1, Jan. 22. Robert Dord Deaveraux Vicount hereford, sonne and heyre of Robart Earl of Essex, in my lady wallsingham's howse, mother to the Countis, sir francis Knolls and the lord rich with the countesse of leicester wittnesses. Doctor Andrewes preached and babtized the child. " Robert Deaveraux," whose baptism is here recorded, was after- wards the famous commander-in-chief of the Parliamentary forces, 1642-6. He was the eldest and only surviving son of Robert, second Earl of Essex, by Frances, daughter and heiress of Sir Francis Walsingham, and widow of Sir Philip Sidney, and was baptized in the house of his grandmother. Lady Walsingham. His father's dignities having been restored to him in 1603, on the accession of James \, he became third Earl of Essex; and married, 1606, January 5, when about fifteen years of age. Lady Frances Howard, daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Suffolk, from whom he was divorced in 161 3, and secondly, about 1628, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Wm. Paulet, of Eddington, Wilts., from whom he was divorced a few years later. He died 1646, September 14,, without surviving issue, THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 149 and the title became extinct. His burial in Westminster Abbey is thus recorded: — "1646, Oct. 19, Robert Deaveraux, Earl of Essex." [Vide foot-note, in loco, by J. L. Chester.] " Robart, Earl of Essex" (the father), the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, made Lieutenant of Ireland, failed to suppress a revolt and was recalled, headed a puerile sedition, and was executed on Tower Hill, 1601. Other entries refer to children of this Earl of Essex, viz., in our Baptismal Register, Walter Deaveraux, 159 1-2, January 21 ; and Henry Deaveraux, 1595, April 24. Their burials are recorded in the Register of Allhallows Barking. Walter, 1591-2, February 19; and Henry, 1596, May 7 ; and 1599, June 27, the burial of a daughter Penelope. Walter, first Earl of Essex, created Earl by Queen Elizabeth, was the grandfather of the infant Robert Lord Deaveraux. Lady Wallsingham, wife of Sir Francis Wallsingham, Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, "mother to the Countis," viz., Frances, who was married first to Sir Philip Sidney, and secondly to Robert, Earl of Essex, father of the infant. "My lady wallsingham's howse" was in Seething Lane, and is said to have been in the parish of Allhallows Barking. Sir Francis Knollys was the only son of Robert Knollys, a descendant from the "veritable Demon de Guerre," Sir Robert Knollys, who commanded the armies of Edward HI in France, 1350, where his exploits obtained the above denomination from his enemies. Sir Francis was educated at Magdalen College, Oxon., Gentleman Pensioner, 34 Henry 8, was Privy Counsellor to Queen Elizabeth, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, Captain of the Guard, Treasurer of the Household, K.G., Knight of the Shire for Oxon. He married first, 1568, Lady Catharine, sister of Henry Lord Hunsdon, and secondly, 1588, December 26, at Allhallows, London Wall, Lettice Barratt. He died 1596. [Dugdale and Kimber.] His daughter Lettice, now " countesse of leicester," was, by her first marriage, wife to Walter, Earl of Essex ; the child baptized was their grandson. Secondly, she was married to Robert, Earl of Leicester, Queen Elizabeth's " sweet Robin," uncle of Sir Philip Sidney. I50 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. See Knollys, Fanshawe and Wolstenholme pedigree sketches in the Appendix. " The lord rich " — his wife Lady Rich was Penelope Devereux, sister of Lord Essex. " Astrophel and Stella," a series of amatory poems, by Sir Philip Sidney, recount the loves of Sidney and Lady Rich. [Hallam, "Lit. Europe," ii, 127.] " Doctor Andrewes." This most learned and saintly divine, Lancelot Andrewes, was born in Thames Street, in the parish of Allhallows Barking, September 25, 1555, and was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. He was at this time (from 1588 to 1604) Vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate ; became successively (1605) Bishop of Chichester; (1609) Ely; and (1618) Winchester. He was the author of Private Devotions, and one of the Translators of the Bible in the reign of King James L He died at Winchester on the anniversary of his birth in 1626, and was buried at St. Saviour's, Southwark. 1590-1, March 16. farnando the sonne of wiUiam Demodo, baseborne, John RiccoU and another bound in 30 li to Mr. hont, threasurer of Bridwell. Bridewell, in Bride Lane, Blackfriars, originally a stately and beautiful house built by Henry VIII, 1522, for the reception of Charles V of Spain, and his suite. The whole Third Act of Shakspeare's Henry VIII is laid — and is historically true — in the Palace at Bridewell. Bridewell House was presented to the City of London by King Edward VI, after an appeal through " Mr. Secretary Cecil," and a serrnon by Bishop Ridley, who begged it of the king, as a workhouse for the poor and a house of correction, " for the strumpet and idle person, for the rioter that consumeth all, and for the vagabond that will abide in no place." Of late years Bridewell was used as a house of correction for persons of both sexes, sentenced by City magistrates to short terms of imprisonment. The old building was sold when the City Prison was erected at Holloway, in 1863 ; but the hall, court room, and Governor's house have been retained, as well as the gateway, now N°- 14, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, with the head of Edward VI over it, which formed the principal entrance.' ' " London, Past and Present," by H. B. Wheatley, vol. i, p. 243. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 151 1591, Dec. 26. Josua the sonne of francis gibson, chandler as I here. 1591-2. Jan. 16. Constantin the sonne of Alexander siniachio, Italion, one wittnesse maister Constantin episco populo greeco gave his word to our pson to discharge the parish of the child. These undertakings to relieve the parish of any obligation are very common ; the bond is set forth more fully in an entry of 1594-5, Feb. 9. 1591-2, Jan. 21." Maister Walter Deaveraux second sonne to the Earle of Essex, in my Lady walsinghams howse, Sir thomas Parrat and sir william knolles Knightes and my Lady the mother ' weare witnesses, ifi Doctor = preached And babtized the child. 1591-2, Feb. 20, spelt "ffabrawary." Jeames the sonne of ifi Edward beck, minister. TS94-S> Feb. 9. Barthollmew the sonne of Robart ffoxley, water bearrer, dwelling within the sine of the sunne in hart streete, and y' Jafifary foxley, linning weaver, dwelling in saint mary Overs parish and barthollmew foxley, baker, who weare godfathers to the afforsayd child hath given there wordes to riJ symsone our parson and to ifi Woodcoocke our church warden to discharge grish of the child what soeaver shall hapen hereof. " Water bearer." Stow has an interesting chapter on Wells and Conduits, or Bosses of Fresh Water serving the City. The Conduit at Aldgate Without was made about 1535. In the year 1594, the year of this entry, a new forcier was made by an English gentleman named Bevis Bulmer, near to Broken Wharfe, to convey Thames water into men's houses of West Cheape. Peter Moris, Dutchman, in 1582, had a forcier made for service of the City on the east part thereof. In 1577 the Conduit at Oldborne (Holborn) Cross was new made by William Lambe, Citizen and Clothworker, who was " thus beneficeall to poore women that are glad to take paine, as to bestow upon them a hundred and twentie pales, wherwith to carrie and serue water : an honest shift of liuing, though somewhat toilsome." " Some Account of William Lambe," by Abraham Fleming, transcribed for C. F. Angell, Esq., F.S.A., London, 1875. Myddelton laid his plans for a "New River" before the Court of Common Council 1609, March 28. The River was opened publicly 1620, Sept. 29. ' The mother of the child acted as sponsor. ■* Dr. Andrewes probably. 152 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The only "sine" left in Hart Street is that of the "Ship"; the "sunne" has long since disappeared from view ; the "Globe " is only one door to the east of Hart Street. "Saint mary Overs." [Stow, p. 151. J " A fair church called St. Mary over the Rie, or Overie, that is, over the water, and long before the Conquest a house of sisters, founded by a maiden named Mary ; unto the which house and sisters she left (as was left to her by her parents) the oversight and profits of a cross ferry, or traverse ferry over the Thames, there kept before that any bridge was built." The Church of the Priory of St. Mary Overy was first erected into a parish church by Act of Parliament, 32 Henry VHI, 1540, and called by the name of St. Saviour's, South wark. 1595, April 24. Maister Henry Deaveraux third Sonne to the Earle of Essex, in the Lady Walsingham's howse, the Earle of Northumberland' and the Lord burrowes and the Lady Rich° weare the sewerties. maister Sharpe he preached and babtized the child. 1598, Nov. 9. Thomas the sonne of Willan'^ Alison grome to the Countis of Essex.^ 161 2, June 29. William y' sonn of S"' Henrie Bowyer.'' Aug. 22. Richard y'= soon of Sir Henrie Baker.^ Also, 1614, July 21, another " soon " Thomas. Great grandson of Sir John Baker, Chancellor of the Exchequer to Queen Mary, and grandson of Sir Richard, a Privy Councillor to Queen Elizabeth and second cousin to Sir Richard Baker, the chronicler. Sir Henry was knighted 1606, July 15, and created a baronet 161 1, June 29, being then styled of Sisingham, Kent. The title soon became extinct. [Collin.s's " Baronetage," vol. i, p. 323. J 1613, April 8. Scicilia* y^ daughter of Mr. Paul Bayning. Cecilia Bayning was married to Henry Pierrepoint, Viscount Newark, afterwards Earl of Kingstown and Marquis of Dorchester. ^ See Burial of a servant, 1615-6, February 2, and Note on Northumberland Alley, p. 180. ''■See Bap., 1590- 1, January 22. ^See Bap., 1585, November 15, and 1590-1, January 22. ^ See Mar. Reg., 1609, December 4, p. 164. Sir Henrie Bowyer and Anne Salter, and note. '■" Cf. Bap. Reg. of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate ;— 1611, July i, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Baker, Kt., and Dame Katharine. — Dr. Cox's Annals of St. Helen's, "Cecilia. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 153 1613, April 23. George Hart Street a fondling. 1615-6, March 4. Paul y= soon of S"- Paul Bayning. The child baptized was the second and last Viscount Bayning, died 1638. See Bayning pedigree sketch in the Appendix. 1616, Aug. II. William y= soonn of Will Fello borne in All A= Stayninge pish was baptized in our Church by reason ther Church was building. I can find no record of the building of the church of Allhallows at this time, but about fifty-five years later, in the Register of Allhallows Staining, there is the following entry: " 1671, Nov. 25, the church fell down, so that Richard Clare and Anne Cosins were married at Barking." 1619, June 13. William soon of Sir TTio Savadge" and La: Elizabeth his wiff. Sir Thomas, created Viscount 1626, had a house on Tower Hill. " Savage Gardens," Tower Hill, still commemorates the name. 1 61 9, July 16. John soon of Zacharie highlord and Francis his wife. 1619-20, March 10. Jone daughf of Sir Rob. Knolls and Jone his wifif. 1624, Nov. 15, another daughter "Jone, daughf of S"- Robeart Knowles & Jone his Ladie ba." 1620-1, Feby 27. John y<= soon of John Woolstenholm.= 1621-2, Feb. 24. Rich soon of Si' Tho Savadge & EHzab. Richard was the sixth son, and brother to John Savage, afterwards Earl Rivers. 1622, Nov. 17. Thomas soon of Mr. Will™ and Catharin Fanshew. Thomas was son of William Fanshawe, of Parsloes, County Essex, and Catherine, daughter of Sir John Wolstenholme. [See p. 166. Marriage Register, 161 5, December 12, with note.] 1625, April 7. Ann Daughf of John and Margett Harrison. Ann Harrison, afterwards married (1644) to Sir Richard Fanshawe, Bart. In Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, written by herself [London : Henry Colburn, New Burlington Street, 1829], in pp. 25-26, she writes: — "I was born in St. Olave's, Hart-street, London, in a house that my father [Sir John Harrison Knt. of Balls in the county of Hertford] took of the Lord Dingwall, father to the now Duchess of Ormond, in the year 1625, on our Lady Day 25th of March. In that house I lived the winter times till I was ' The name is spelt " Savage," in Bur. Reg,, 1629, April 9. ^The Wolstenholme Pedigree from 1665 is given in Robinson's Enfield, vol. ii, p. 97. X 154 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. fifteen years old and three months with my ever honored and most dear mother. Mr. Hyde, Lady Alston, and Lady Wolstenholme were my god- father and god-mothers." Sir Richard Fanshawe' was born in 1608, at Ware Park, co. Hert- ford ; was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge; and in 1626 became a Member of the Inner Temple. On the outbreak of the Civil War, he took the king's side, and in 1648 became Treasurer to the Navy under Prince Rupert. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, and, on his release, withdrew to Breda, in Holland, where Charles H was holding his Court, in exile. After the Restoration he was appointed Ambassador in Portugal; next, he was sent to the Court of Madrid, where he died in 1666. He was an author of considerable reputation. His most celebrated work, now very rare, is a translation of Guarini's Pastor Fido, published in 1664, and contains other pieces in prose and verse. Sir Thomas Fanshawe, K.B., a brother of Sir Richard Fanshawe, was the first Viscount, Remembrancer of the Exchequer. He served under the Royal Banner at Edge Hill; was created K.B. at the Coronation of Charles H. He died in 1665. John Harrison was the twelfth son of William Harrison, of Aldcliffe, and of Margaret, daughter of Christopher Gardner, and was the grandson of Thomas Harrison, of Aldcliffe, co. Lancaster, and Jane, daughter of Heisham, of Highfield. He married, first, Margaret, daughter of Robert Fanshawe, of Fanshawe Gate, co. Derby ; secondly, Mary, daughter of Shotbolt. He was Lord of the Manor of Stoke, Rochford. Ann Harrison, mother of Lady Fanshawe, was buried at Hertford, 1640, August 6. \See our Burial Register, with note, p. 187.] 1627, Aug. 6. Margarett Daughf of John Harrison and Margarett wife. She became the wife of Sir Edward Turner, Knt. 1628, June 19. Susanna daughf of S"- Paule Baining Lord Viscounte Sudberrie & his Ladie Ann. She is not mentioned by Dugdale, and probably died in infancy. Her father was the first Viscount Sudbury. ' See Original Letters of His Excellency Sir Richard Fanshawe during his Embassies in Spain and Portugal. Published, London, 1702. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 155 1628-9, Jan. 13. Nathaniell son of S'' Brian Jianson & Mari. Jan. 21. Christophere son of mr. John wolstenholm & An. The second volume of the Baptismal Register is entitled : — " The Booke of all such as have bene Baptized in the ^Dish Churche of St. Olaves, Harte Streete, in London, from the sth of November 163 1 and so forwarde." 1632, Aug. I. William sonne of Mr. John wolstenholme and Ann his wife. 1635, Dec. 15. Elizabeth daughter of S'' John Wolstenholme Junior and Ann his wife. Elizabeth vi^as afterwards the wife of Richard Hutton, of Golds- borough in Yorkshire, Esq. Her father. Sir John Wolstenholme, junior, and her grandfather, Sir John Wolstenholme, senior, were both Farmers of the Customs and successively baronets. [6"^6; Wotton's "Baronetage," 1741.] In a foot-note, Pepys's Diary, 1662, September 5, Lord Braybrooke's edition, we find that " Sir J. Wolstenholme, created a Baronet in 1664, was an intimate friend of Lord Clarendon's, and collector outward for the Port of London, ob. 1679." This must have been Sir J. Wolstenholme, senior, who was a benefactor to the poor of St. Olave's, Hart Street ; for, an indenture, dated 12 September, 1670, recites that Sir J. Wolstenholme, 24 November, 1639, appointed ^100 to be expended in purchasing a yearly revenue for the poor. See Knollys, Fanshawe, and Wolstenholme pedigree sketches in the Appendix. 1638, Oct. 18. Thomas sonne of Mr. Abraham Hanes, parson, and Martha his wife. The parson was admitted 17 December, 1633, and was, for his loyalty in the 1642 Rebellion, ejected by sequestration. (Newcourt). See p. 250. 1638, Nov. 14. Pennellope daughter of y= Right Hon'''= y= Lady Pennellope Baneinge. " Pennelope," the posthumous daughter and co-heir of Sir Paul Baneinge, second Viscount Bayning (Sudbury), baptized, as here recorded; was married at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 1647, June 18, to the Hon. John Herbert, youngest son of Philip, fourth Earl of Pembroke and first Earl of Montgomery. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, St. Nicholas Chapel, 1659, November 23, and died without issue. His wife, the Countess, was X 2 iS6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. buried in the Abbey. \_See Burial Register.] " 1657, May i. The Lady Penelope Herbert." " The Lady Pennellope " (the mother), who was daughter and heiress of Sir Robert Naunton, Knight, Secretary of State to King James I, was married, first to Sir Paul Bayning, who became the second Viscount Bayning (Sudbury), and had by him two daughters, Anne and Penelope. Viscount Bayning died in 1638, aged 22. "The Lady Pennellope" was married secondly, to Philip, fifth Earl of Pembroke, the eldest brother of the husband of her daughter Penelope. Anne, the elder daughter of " Lady Pennellope " and of the second Viscount Bayning, and elder sister of Penelope the infant baptized, was married at not more than ten years of age (her father was only twenty-two at his death, 1638), at St. Martin- in-the-Fields, 1647, June 18, the day of her sister Penelope's marriage, to Aubrey de Vere, twentieth and last Earl of Oxford, who was buried 1702-3, March 22. She was buried 1659, September 27. \See J. L. Chester's " Notes, Wesf Abbey," Bur. Reg.J 1638-9, Jan. 13. Abraham Thorneburye, an Indian. Mar. 19. Ch''istian daughter of Andrewe and Katherine Riccard. 1647, Dec. 25. Ann daughter of Thomas & Ehzabeth Wolstenholme. 1 649-1 660. The Baptisms were regularly entered during the Commonwealth period. 1654-5, Jan. 13. John: sonne of John & Elizabeth Carter y^ daughter of David Holland Esq'= (his wife) was borne y<= 1° of Jannav Bap' 13''' in M^ Carters y^ Minister's house. 1665, June I. Mary Daughf of Mr. John Buckworth Merchant and Mrs. Hester his wife. Mary was the third, and youngest daughter of Sir John Buckworth, by Dame Hester, his wife (widow of Moses Goodyear, of London, Merchant), sister of Sir John Buckworth, first Baronet, of Sheen, county Surrey, and was married first, at St. Peter le Poor, London, 1682, August 24, to William Hussey, Esq. (younger brother of Sir Thomas Hussey, second Baronet of Honington, county Lincoln), Merchant of London, who was appointed Ambassador to Turkey, was knighted 1690, April 17, and died while on his mission at Adrianople, 1691, September 13. She was married, secondly, at THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 157 St. Giles in the Fields, 1694-5, January 7, to John Evans, Esq., also a Merchant of London, and partner of her former husband. She appears to have had no children. She was buried in the grave of her second husband. Her will (made at Chelsea) was proved by her nephews. Sir John Buckworth, Bart., and his brother. See Chester's "Notes, West' Abbey," Bur. Reg., 1727, April 13, and 1731, June 16. 1667, Nov. 21. Daniell sonn of Mr. Daniell Milles Reef & Mrs. Mary his Wife was Baptized Privatly Sunday y° 17"' Instant & Thursday ffollowing Publiquely in y= Church : on w* occasion Mr. Gifford Preached : f God- fathers Weare S' John Minns & S' Robert Brookes, ye Godmoth' Madam Pepys. 1679, April 18. fHeetwood sonn of S"' Denny Ashburnham and y^ Lady Ann Ashburnham was christend. Sir Denny Ashburnham, the first Baronet, was Victualler of the Navy, and his second wife was daughter of Sir David Watkins, Knight. Their son, Fleetwood, died an infant. Two other children were baptized at Putney; a daughter. Honor, 1681 ; a son, Thomas, in 1682. [Lyson's "Environs," vol. iv, p. 607, ft.n.] 1679, May I. Christian da' of Sir Anthony Deane, Knight, & Dame Christian Deane. Sir Anthony Deane (1638?-! 721) was a shipbuilder. He became a Commissioner of the Navy, 1675, Member of Parliament for Harwich, 1679, and was the author of several nautical inventions, which are noticed by Pepys and Evelyn in their Diaries. — Pepys : 1666, May 19. " Mr. Deane and I did discourse about his ship Rupert, built by him, which succeeds so well as he hath got great honour by it, and I some by recommending him; the King, Duke, and everybody saying it is the best ship that was ever built." Also, 1669, April 20, Deane offered Pepys a third of the profit that might result from his invention of the gun, "which they do call Punchinello," which, Pepys says, " may prove considerable to us." Between 1674 and May, 1677, Deane was knighted, "but the date is not given in any accessible list, printed or manuscript."' Deane and Pepys were firm friends, and both had enemies, as Evelyn shows by the ' " Dictionary of National Biography,'' vol. xiv, p. 251. iS8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. following entry : 1690, June 10. " Mr. Pepys read to me his Remon- strance shewing with what malice and injustice he was suspected with Sir Anth. Deane about the timber of which the 30 ships were built by a late Act of Parliament." 1679, Aug. 21. Mary Ua' of Sr. William Buck Knight and Barron'" & Dame ffrances his wife. " Mary" was afterwards the wife of Charles Hoar, of Rushford, in Derbyshire, Esquire. 1679, Oct. 31. Henry sonn of Thomas Pope Blunt Esq= & Madam Jane Blunt his wife. Henry was born 1679, October 29, died 1680, March 6, and was buried at Ridge, Herts. Thomas Pope Blunt married Jane Ca;sar, only daughter of Sir Henry Ceesar, Knt., in our Church, 1669, July 22. [See Marriage Register and note, p. 169. J 1681, June 12. EHzabeth Da'' of S"' William Buck Bar'. & Dame ffrances his wife. [Another dau. Frances, who died before her father, was baptized, 1682, Aug. 23.J July 25. Charles sonn of Richard Midlton ' Esq"' & Mrs. Elizabeth his wife 1682, April 25. Essix Da"' of Sir Anthony Deane, Knight, & Dame Christian his lady. See Baptism of a daughter "Christian," 1679, May i, and notes. 1682, April 27. Elizabeth Da'' of S'' John Narbrough, Knight, and Dame Elizabeth his Lady. "Sir John Narborough" was a Commissioner of the Navy, and Author of "Voyages." His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Captain John Hill; married at Wanstead, 1681, June 20. [Lyson's " Environs," vol. iv, p. 243.J 1682, July 19. Ann da'' of S'' Thomas Pope Blunt, Kni", and Dame Jane Blunt. See Bapt. Reg., 1679, October 31, and Mar. Reg., 1669, July 22. 1684, May 8. Joseph sonn of Sr. Richard Haddart, Kni', and Dame Elizabeth his Lady. 1685-6, Jan. 21. Robert sonn of Robert Knightley Esq"' by Ann his wife Da'' of S'' John Chapman Kn' & Alderman of Lond ; Baptized y' 21 Jan'T 1685 by Daniell Milles, D.D. Reef of this pish. 1686, Dec. 12. Dorothy Da'' of Alderman Thomas Hartopp by Mrs. Elizabeth his wife. ' Afterwards spelt Middleton. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. 159 1687, Dec. 20. Elizabeth Susannah Daughter of William Sedgwick Esq-- by Mrs. Anna Sedgwick his wife was borne and Baptized. The child had two Christian names ; the giving of more than one is infrequent till the present century, but now quite the rule. The child had an early tide to the covenant of grace, being baptized on the day of her birth. 1688, Sep. II. Dorothy Da' of S' William Booth Knight by Madam Rosamund his Lady. 1688-9, Jan. 13. Robert sonn of Je.Tery Amherst Esq. by Mrs. Elizabeth his wife Daughf of Sr Robert Knightley, Knight, of this pish, was borne on y<^ xxxi of Janury 1688 and was Baptized y"= same day by Docf^ Daniell Milles Rector of this pish, the God ffathers weare S' Rob' Knightley & Mr. John Pouldon, the Good mother was Madam Lucy ffauconberge. These were stirring times. 1688-9, Feb. 13. Accession of William and Mary. 1689, May 7. Wilham sonn of Robert Knighdey, Esq., by M" Ann his wife Da"- of S"- Jno. Chapman Knig' late Alderman of London was borne on Munday y= vi instant, & Baptized at y^ house of S"- Robert Knightley in Seething Lane, London, by D"- Daniell Milles y"^ Rector on Teusday being y* vii day of y= same month of May afforesaid, his Godfathers weare S"- Rob' Jefferyes, Knight and Alderman of London & M-^ Tho. ffaulkenbridg and y' Godmother Madam Angell Hampton. 1692-3, Jan. 31. Ann Da"- of y= Worl' Will Gore, Knigh', by Dame Elizabeth his wife. 1696, Nov. 18. Ann y^ Daughter of S-" Clowsley Showell and Elisabeth his Lady was christened. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell was married in the church of Allhallows Staining, 1690-1, March 10, to the widow of his patron. Sir John Narborough. Two daughters were born of this marriage, co-heiresses, the elder of whom married Lord Romney, and the younger Sir Narborough d'Aeth, Bart. 1696-7, Feb. 23. Robert y'^ Sonn of Augistin ffitzhugh and Mary his wiffe. 1 701-2, Feb. 13. Thomas Crosley a foundlin was so baptised. Named after Crosley Court, now New London Street. 1704, April 23. William Sonn of William and Mary LethieuUier. \See Lethieullier pedigree sketch in the Appendix.] Nov. 16, Brice Seasor a Blackamore about 16 years of Age. ' Worshipful. i6o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 1705, Dec. 23. Bathsheba daugh of D"' Richard and M"^"" Ruth Meade. Dr. Meade was appointed 1703, May 15, Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, and was then hving at Stepney, but, finding the distance too great, he took a house in Crutched Friars, where he resided seven years. [H. B. Wheatley.J 1705-6, Jan. 8. Annamariah' daughter of Samuel Raustern and M'''" Sarah his Wife. 1705, Jan. 10. Mary daughter of Comisio'' Thomas Harlow and Sarah his wife. 1709, Aug. 21. Mary daugh"" Edward and Ann Rust baptised. Mary Rust was the second daughter of Edward Rust, of Crutched Friars, Wine Cooper, by his wife Anne Buck, married at Allhallows', Barking, 1707, October 7. Mary was married at Westminster Abbey, 1732, July 27, to Jacobus Whitchurch, junior, of St. Bartholomew by the Exchange, London, and is described as "of St. Olave's, Hart Street." "Both single." Jacobus Whitchurch was son of James Whitchurch, of London, descended from a family of that name of Frome Selwood, County Somerset, and became a wealthy merchant. His will, 1782, was proved 1786, February 22. He left large bequests to various charities. Mary, his wife, was living in 1757, but died before the date of her husband's will. 1710, Nov. 12. Elizabeth Davghter of Edward Rust & by Anne his wife baptised. Elizabeth was the third, but second surviving, daughter of the aforesaid Edward Rust. She was married (his second wife) 1737, June 30, to Richard Hoare, of St. Dunstan's in the West, who was the son of Henry Hoare, Goldsmith and Banker, in London, by Jane, daughter of Sir William Benson, of Bromley, Middlesex, Knight, and was born 1709, March 2. He was Sheriff of London, 1740, Lord Mayor, 1745, knighted October 31st in that year. \^See Chester's " Notes on Mar. Reg., Westminster Abbey," 1737, June 30.] 1721, Dec. I. Gilbert son of M"" John & M™ Bridget Heathcot was born the sixth of November & bap' Ded : y^ first day by the Lord Bishope of Hereford.' Cf. 1733, Aug. 19. Henrietta & Maria, Twins, Daughters of S"" John Heathcott Baron' & Bridget his Lady. ' Anna Maria. ^ Dr. Benjamin Hoadlcy, translated to Salislniry, thence to Winchester; died 1761. THE BAPTISMAL REGISTER. i6: 1724-5, March 19. Wm. St. Quintin, Esq., was baptized the Son of S"' William S' Quintin, Barr' and the Lady Rebecca his wife by the Rev. Mr. — Harrison. 1733, April 10. Hugh son of W" Saintquinton, Kn', & Lady Rebecca. 1733, Aug. 19. Henrietta & Maria, Twins, Daughters of S"' John Heathcott Baron' and Bridget his Lady. 1733-4, Feb. II. Stawel ' and Margerett, twens, daughters to Mr. Granado and M"'^ Ann Pigott. Privat Baptizim. Full Baptized March the twenty sixth. 1744, Oct. 17. Mary daughter of Thomas and Mary Tryon baptiz'', born y= 8*. She was the only child of Thomas Tryon, of St. Dionis Backchurch, London, and of Mary Yard, of St. George's, Hanover Square, who were married in Westminster Abbey, 1730, January 27. Their daughter, Mary Tryon, died unmarried about 1774. Her mother, Mary Yard, was daughter of Robert Yard, Esq., one of the Masters in Chancery. \See Chester's "Notes, Wesf Abbey," Mar. Reg., 1729-30, January 27.J ' Not as originally written. THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. CHAPTER X. The Marriage Register — Some of the principal names in it. The Ven. John Parker, Archdeacon of Ely. Sir Harry Weston. Edward Bnckewoode. George Fleetwood. Sir Richard Bingham. Edmund Verney. Sir John Poynt. Sir Thomas Hunt. Sir Henry Bowyer. Sir Steven Thornhurst. Sir Arthur Harris. William Fanshawe. Sir John Suckling. Sir Robert Knollys. John Ayliffe. Edward Dacres. John Heath. Thomas Pope Blunt. Sir Charles Peers. The earliest Register is entitled : — " The Booke of all suche as have binn maried in the gishe of St. Olaves in Hartestreete from the iv of October anno 1 563 tyll — The first entry in this book is : — ■ 1563 Saturday 27 novembr. were married James Briera sexton of this pishe and Agnes Rudly widdow w'^'' also was Mr. Woodford's nurse. The day of the week is given here and in entries till 1566, May 19, inclusive. In the first five entries the five ladies w^ere widows, and out of seventeen marriages recorded on the first page, twelve of the brides were widows. Satturday 1 1 Decembr. Gyles Snickler, minister of Allhallow Staynings, and Johane Bosann widdow of this parish. 1564 Thursdaye 4 Aprill John Lattimer of Bradfeilde in Essex & Anne Cole of Barfoldc in Sufifolke w'' wer maried by licence from my lorde of canterburge. Tewesdaye 25 July. Henry Gylman of the courte, genP, and Jane morly daughter of m'' morly e of this pishe gent." ' See monument to Mr. Thomas Morley, page 74. THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. 163 1567, May 8. Davide woode, clarke and m'' of Artes, of Lynn and Jane Woodcocke of this pishe. 1568, June 8. Richarde Van menes strangr & Katherin Criam of this gishe. 1568-9, Jan. 6. M"- John Parker, Clarke & Archdecon of Elye, & wenefreide Turnor the daughter of m'' Dcor Turner." 1572, May II. S' Harry weston, Knighte, and Elizabeth Ryppes. The following note precedes the first entry of the year 1576 :— " Entred by me W™ Baker clarke of S' Olyves in Harte Streete.'' Baker was the third Parish Clerk whose name is recorded, and he appears to have been the Registrar. 1576, June 3. W"" Garret & mary Newton, puell : 1576-71 Feb. 17. M""- Edwarde Buckewoode of Mowsam Hall in Essex and Tomazin Lukin widowe of greate Badowe in eadem by a licence. 1577, June 2. Tussyne de Valloyse strangr & M"- Katharin Morgan stranger in Dcbr hectors house by a license. [See Bur. Reg. 1577, August 7. "Mrs. Katharine Tussin de Valois wife."] 1578, April 14. John Avies & Maudehn' Tyndale, puell. The lady was, perhaps, related to the Reformer. 1578, Dec'^- 8. John ffisher ni?rchaunte & Anne mouse puell sister to Mrs. Banninge g licen. 1581-2, Jan. 10. Lisle Cave gent & Mary Samson gent puell oute of S"" ffrauncis.^ Jan. 23. Mr. John Matterhouse, prcher [preacher : chaplain] & Mrs. Katherin Thwayt gent out of S'' ffrauncis.^ 1583, Aug. 14. Mr. Thomas Hale o"" [our] minister & Barbara Alleine ancilla.'' Hale was not admitted rector till 4th December, 1583. See p. 250. 1585, April 19. Mr. George ffleetwoode gent. & Mrs. Katherine Denny gen ancilla* from my lor: Walsinghames g licence cant. George Fleetwood, the son of Thomas Fleetwood, of the Vache, Chalfont, Bucks, Treasurer of the Mint, M.P. for Chipping Wycombe, ' Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells. ^ Magdalen. ' Sir Francis Walsingham's. * Ancilla. Lat: ancilla, handmaid, dim. of ancula, dim. fem. of early L. ancus, anca, servant. A maid- servant, handmaid. New Eng. Die, J. A. H. Murray, part i, Oxford, 1884. Until the time of the Common- wealth, upper servants in great houses often were related to the family by blood or marriage. Cf. 1590-1, February 15. Mr. Thomas Browne, minister, and ffrances Shuter ancilla the La; Walsinghame's maid. y 2 i64 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 28 Elizabeth, was knighted by James I ; mar. Katherine, daughter of Sir Henry Denny, of Cheshunt, and died 1620, December 21. [Burke's " Commoners."] 1587, Oct. 16. Thomas Bromly, Butcher of S' Leonard Eastcheap & Anne of this pishe were married at St. Andrewes Hubbard in East cheape by Hcence but p"* duities here. The lady's surname is omitted. 1587-8, Jan. II. S"' Richarde Bingham, Knighte, & Mrs. Sara Higham one of my lady Sidneys gent j) banes. Jan. 31. Thomas middleton & EHzabeth Olmestead, vidua. 1589, June I. M'' Edmonde Verney esquire & Mrs. Mary Simbarbe, vidua. 15931 Oct. 14. M' Peter Hylem & Barbara Highlord ancilla p' licence. 1596, Aug. II. Thomas Day & Thophila Wagge ancilla. 1598-9, Feb. II. Nicholas Banninge & Adrean Golden vidua. 1600, June 2. S'' John Poynt & Grisell price vidua. 1604, Aug. I. John Param & Judeth Heighlord ancilla. 1609, Nov. 28. Sir Thomas Hunt & the Ladie Elizabethe Cherrie vidua J) Licence. "Sir Thomas Hunt," knighted 1603, July 23, then of Norfolk. " The Ladie Elizabethe Cherrie," nde Elliot was daughter and co-heir of Edward Elliot, of Poplar, Middlesex ; was married first, to Christopher Holmes, of London ; secondly, to Sir Francis Cherry ; thirdly, at St. Olave's, to Sir Thomas Hunt. Sir Francis Cherry, "of London," knighted at Chatham, 1640, July 4, was purveyor to the Navy, and he and his son received from the king the office of merchant for providing cordage and stores to the Navy for life. In Queen Elizabeth's reign he was sent to Russia (1588) with a letter from the Queen to the Emperor, vindicating her from the charge of assisting the Great Turk, and in favour of her merchants trading to Russia. He died at the age of 51, and in his will "he leaves his wretched body to be buried in the Ch. of A. S. Barking, in ye same Vault where margaret my wife lies." He was buried 1605, April 14. His will was proved in P. C. C. October, 1605. Maskell says : " Cherry's tomb existed when Strype's Stow was published in THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. 165 1720/ a flat stone inscribed thus : — ' This stone beiongeik to Francis Cherry, Vintner, and his heirs. Here lyeth Margarett, Wife of Francis Cherry, by whom he had issue eleven children. She died of the twelfth child z;« 1 595- ' The Ladie Elizabeth ' seems to have been his second wife. He was a member of the Vintners' Company, lived in Beer [Bear] Lane, and was a benefactor to the poor of Barking Parish." [See Maskell's " Allhallows Barking, and Collect. Topog. et Geneal," II.] 1609, Dec. 4 Sir Henrie Bowyer & M"'^ Anne Salter ancilla g Licence. " Sir Henrie " was grandson of Francis Bowyer, an Alderman of London, and father of Sir Wm. Bowyer, of Denham Court, Bucks, who was created a baronet in 1660. The baronetcy is still existing. [See Wootton.] "Sir Henrie," whose marriage is here recorded, died 1613, December 27. His mother was afterwards Countess of Marlborough. Iri 1595' Queen Elizabeth demised Denham Court to Wm. Bowyer, Esq., afterwards knighted, and the Bowyer family continued to reside there till about 1846, when the house and demesne were sold. Dryden visited Sir W. Bowyer, at Denham Court, and there translated the first Book of the "Georgics," and part of the last Book of the "yEneid" of Virgil. {See Sheehan's " History of Bucks," 1862, pp. 858-9, and Wootton's " Baronetage."] "Mrs. Anne Salter" was the only daughter of Sir Nicholas Salter, of Enfield, who was one of the Farmers of the Customs, knighted with Sir John Wolstenholme, 161 7, March 11. 161 1-2, Jan. 20. Si"' Steven Thornhurst and M"'^ Dorothi de Otthen widoo to D"' Hippocrates. Feb. 18. piere Kean and Sara Ducie maried at French.' 1614-5, Jari- 31- Sir Arthur Harris & Ladie Ann Bowyer. Sir Arthur Harris, of Cricksea Hall, a manor in the county of Essex, was the eldest son of John Harris, who had three sons and one daughter, Alice, wife of Sir Henry Mildmay, of Graces. Sir Arthur married first, Anne, sole daughter and heiress of Robert Cranmer, of Charsted, in Kent ; secondly, Anne, sole daughter of Sir Nicolas Salter, ' It is not mentioned in the 1754 edition. -^The French Church. See Reg. Bap., 1575, July 10. 1 66 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. of Enfield, in Middlesex, widow of Sir Henry Bowyer, of Denham, Kt, at St. Olave's. \See Reg. Mar., 1609, December 4. Morant's "Essex, I. P- 363-"] 1615, June 6. Gillamie Martel and Elizabeth Fowere maried at y* French Church from us. 1615, Dec. 12. William Fanshew and Catharin Woolstenholme. "William Fanshew," of Parslowes, Dagenham, county Essex, Auditor of the Duchy of Lancaster, died 1634, and was buried at Barking, Essex. He married "Catharin," daughter of Sir John Wolstenholme. \Cf, Bap. Reg., 1622, November 17, baptism of a son Thomas.] A lineal descendant, John Gaspard Fanshawe, Esq., residing at 13, St. George's Road, S.W., now owns the manor of Parslowes. Thomas, father of William Fanshawe by his second wife, who was daughter of G. Smith of Ostenhanger, Kent, was Remembrancer of the Exchequer; bought Ware Park, and was buried at Ware. He served as Baron of the Cinque Ports for Rye in Parliament, thirteenth year of Elizabeth, and was burgess for Arundel in several subsequent parliaments ; died in March, 1601. See Knollys, Fanshawe, and Wolstenholme pedigree sketches in the Appendix. 1616-7, March 2. Sir John Suckling & Jane Hawkins. 161 7, April 28. Sir Robert Knolls and mrs. Jone Woolstenholm. 162 1, Dec. 30. Teddur Robert and Welthian Linnie. 1626, Nov. 21. John Miller and Eliphalet Reynolde. 1634, July I. ffrancis Rivett & Elizabeth Bewley. Perhaps related to Thomas Bewley, to whose wife and " their onely son," there is a monument from Allhallows Stayning. \See p. 130.] 1636, April 26. John Aylifife & Katherine ffanshawe mar'' p Lycence. Katherine Fanshawe was daughter of William Fanshawe, of Parslowes, and of Catherine, daughter of Sir John Wolstenholme. They had two sons, Thomas and William. Sir Benjamin Ayliffe, Bart, was Master of Clothworkers' Company in 1 68 1. \See portrait at their Hall. J 1639, Sep. 10. Edward Dacres & y= Lady Annabella Atkins p Lycence. \_See Dacres and Atkins pedigree sketch in the Appendix.] THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. 167 1640, July 4. John Tomson & Argentyiie Thiddam mar'' p Banes. During the Commonwealth, marriage was deprived of its religious character, and became by law little, if anything, more than a civil contract. By an Act passed 24th August, 1653, the banns were to be published three successive Lord's Days at the close of the morning service in the public meeting house, commonly called the church or chapel, or, if the parties so desired, in the market place, three market days in three successive weeks between the hours of eleven and two. In this case the parties were to appear before a j'ustice of the peace for the county, or the mayor of a corporate town. A register [registrar] was appointed in every parish. The word registrar is not found in the older Statutes, or in Johnson's Dictionary. Waters, p. 14. The following occurs at the end of the book, and is inserted in this place as explanatory of the change in the character of the marriages during the Commonwealth : — M"* That whereas it appeareth unto me Thomas Andrewes on [one] of the Aldermen & on [one] of the Justices of y= peace w'Mn the Cittie of Lon : By a certificate under the hands of divers Inhabitants of the pish of Olave, Hart Streete London, That Thomas Slater of the pish afores<^ being an able and honest pson was on the one & Twentieth day of September 1653 by y"= greater parte of the Inhabitants & howseholders of the %^ pish chargeable to y= reliefe of the poore, then p''sent made choyse & to be y"= parish Register there in y^ pish afores"^ According to a late Acte of parliam' made & Intituled an Act touchinge marriages & y= registering thereof & also touchinge Births & Burialls, I the s'' Thomas Andrewes having sworne the s"^ Thomas Slater well & truely to execute the office of parish Register w'^'in y= s"* pish doe by th^= p'sents approve of y= s"* Thomas Slater to be the Pish Regist of the s"* pish & to have the safe keeping of the Booke pvided by the s"^ pish for the registering of all marriages & of all Births of Children & Burialls of all sorts of people w''*in the pish afores'' accords to the forme of y« Act afs'' w'='' I doe hereby signifie under my hand this Thirtieth day of May one Thousand six hundred ffiftie ffowre. ^gigned) Tho : Andrewes. There is no break in the Registers, but previous to the entry, 1654, May 18, there is the following : — These are to certifie that this z^ of January i653-[4] Thomas Slater of St. Olave Hart Streete London being chosen by the Inhabitants of y= said pish to be Register of ye same place came this day before me & was legally sworne to execute y^ office of Parrish register according to y^ tenor of an Act of parliam' touching Mariages. In testimony whereof I have hereto sett my hand the day & yeare above said. (Signed) Solls : Smith. i68 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The entry immediately succeeding this legal memorandum is : — ■ Mayy^ 18''' Nicholas Dare and Ann Bowles were published in Leaden Hall Markett upon three severall daies in three sevrall weekes and married by Just' Swallowe. Nov.. 26. Thomas Griffine, marriner, & ffrancis Karzley were married by Justice Smith of Katherines published in the church three Lords daies. The next entry states the publication of banns thus : — October. Abraham Thorneto & Margarett Bradbridge published on three Lords dayes ; married in y' cuntrye. The following omits all reference to the publication of banns, in church or market place : — 1653 4, Jan. 16. Archaden Cope & Elizabeth Seabrent were married by M' Harris, Schoolemaster. In several cases an Alderman " officiated." Here is one : — ■ 1654, May Charles Harzwell & Sarah Whittaker published in Leaden hall market three several daies in 3 several weekes, married by Aid Titchbourne. The Act of 1653 was not always respected : and partly from attach- ment to old customs, partly owing to religious feeling, marriages were still solemnized in the church. Here is an example, interesting as showing regard for the law, supplemented by attachment to a religious custom. One of the parties was of great note in the parish, viz., the lady, who was the daughter of Sir Andrew Riccard. An Alderman, therefore, and a Bishop were engaged in tying the nuptial knot. 1655-6, March 23. John Geare Esq'' and Christian Riccard published in the ch : & married y' 22th of Aprill att St. Barthololo ' by Aid"' Ireton & afterwards by Bishopp Brumbricke.'' In 1657 the law was so far altered as to admit of marriages being solemnized in a church with a religious service, if the parties so wished. ' St. Bartholomew by the Exchange. ^No doubt meant for Brownrigg, of rembrolic Hall, Cambridge (Bishop Andrewes was of the same foundation) ; Preb. of Ely, Archdeacon of Coventry, became Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, V.C. of the University, Bishop of Exeter; in 1642 was deprived of the revenues of his Bishopric and Mastership by the Parliament. Died in 1659. An excellent scholar, an admirable orator, an acute disputant, a pathetic preacher, with a great deal of wit as well as of wisdom. The style of his sermons is superior to that of his age. In doctrine he was a Calvinist. \^Sec Darling's " Cyclop. Bibl."] THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. 169 In 1659 the Church Marriage Service was re-established. Aprill 26. Robert Brooks esq"' and Ann Margarett Mildmay married g Mr. Mills, Parson. Notice the two christian names — quite exceptional at this date. It may be noticed that there are two entries in 1662, and one in 1663, where no surname is given, and the space is blank, e.g. : — 1662, Sepf 9. William & Eliz. marry'^ p"' Lice. Sepf II. John and Hanna marrye'^ p' Licence. 1663, June II. Richard & Sarah marrye"* p' Licence. 1664, April 24. 3ok^ Heath DiTo Carolo Ueg'i Ducatus Lancaster Attornato Ginali and M"* Margarett Prettyman of this pish vidua A kinswoman of the R" wor" John Minns, Knight, one of his Ma"^ Com' ffor y= navy maryed. May 28. M' Thomas Ducke and M'* Mary ffordde was marryed by M' Steeuens, S' Richard ffordds Chaplin y= jptyes' both of this gish p. licence. 1669, July 22. Thomas Pope Blount of Tittenhanger in y'= county of Hartfordshire Esq^ And M"" Jane Caesar of Beilington in y'= County of Hartford afforesaid p. Licence. Jane Caesar was the great grand-daughter of the famous Sir Julius Caesar, (his surname Adelmare he almost wholly abandoned). Master of the Rolls, born 1557, died 1636, buried April 28 in the chancel of St. Helen's. Bishopsgate. She was daughter of Sir Henry Caesar Adelmare, Knight, and of Elizabeth, sole daughter and heiress of Robert Angell, of London, Merchant. \_See "Lodge's Lives of the Caesars," London, 1827, and the "Annals of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate," by Dr. Cox; "Worthies connected with the Parish"; the "Caesar Family," and "Notes by a Lineal Descendant," Miss F. E. Cottrell-Dormer.J 1679-80, Feb. 25. Godfry Peil of S' Katherine Cree church London & Dorcas Shakemaple of Stepney in y^ County of Midx. Lie. 1683, April 17. John Deleau Met''' of y^ pish of St. Bartholomew Exchange Lon- don & Ann Letheillion^ of this pish weare Maryed. 1696, June 3. Charles Hore bachelor of Chagford in Devonsheir and Mary Buck of Hanby Grange in Lincolnsheir was married p Lycence. 1698, June 5. Jacob Heath of S' Mary Ottery in y= County of Devonsheir widdower and Rose Palmes of S' Anns Blackfryers London spinster. 1698, July 28. John Nelthropp of S' Pulchers London Widdower and Elisabeth Arthur of S' Johns Hackny Widdow was Maried p Lycence. ' parties. ' Merchant. ' LethieuUier. z 170 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFS'S HART STREET. Chester gives the following entry of 22nd May, 1716, from "Mar. Reg., Westminster Abbey " : — 1 7 16, May 22. Augustine Woolaston single man and Elizabeth Nelthorpe,' widow. 1704, May 29. Joseph Mellish Esq"= of y= County of Nottingham and M^"" Dorithy Gore, married p Lycence ; the daughter of Sir W" Gore of y^ parish of St. Olave Hartstreet London. 1 72 1, July 14. S' Charles Peers of S' Olave Hart-Street London Widowar & Lucie Baighton of S' Andrew Holborn in the County of Midd^ Wido were married p Licence. Sir Charles was Lord Mayor 17 15. A Branch [sword rest] to be put up in his pew by order of Vestry, 17 15, November 2. See chapter iii, pp. 47, 48, " Sword Stands." It is interesting to notice the different ways of spelling the same word during the years 1726 to 1737: — bachelor, batheolder, batchelder, batcheldor, batcheolder, batcheler, batcholder, batchelor, batchelour, bathcler, bachler. 17591 Oct. 30. Michael Fox of the parish of S' George the Martyr in the County of Middlesex Widower and Appellinea Lawrence of this Parish Spinster were married in this Church by Licence this 30th day of Octo' 1759 by me D'' Davies, Curate. This marriage was solemnizd between us Michael Fox and applinear Fox late Lawrence in the presence of us. Sarah Cotterall. Geo ; Newton. The year 1783. No. 66. Joseph Benwell ...... of the Parish of St. Mary Battersea in the county of Surry, Bachelor and Elizabeth Burch of this Parish, Spinster . . were Married in this Church by Licence ... ... this twenty first Day of August in the Year One Thousand seven Hundred and eighty three . . . By me Hen. Owen, Rector. This marriage was solemnized between us ] FT h fh R vi ( Mich' Pearson, Samuel Burch. in the presence of < Ann Benwell, Rich'' Bromley, Sarah Pearson. ( Benjamin Collett, Elizabeth Stennett. Fanny Sharrer, Sar*" Thorpe. An unusual number of witnesses, here, and in the next extract. 'She was daughter of William Bird, of Hackney, Middlesex, Esq., merchant; was married, first to James Arthur . . . and secondly at St. Olave's, Hart Street, 28 July, 1698, to John Nelthorpe . . , THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. 171 The year 181.1;. No. 33. John Anthony Caton Nourrisson of this Parish Bachelor and Herman- sina Du Roveray of the same Parish, Spinster ..... were Married in this Church by Licence ..... this fifteenth Day of March in the Year One Thousand Eight Hundred and fifteen. By me H. B. Owen, Rector. This Marriage was solemnized between us J. A. C. Nourrisson, Hermansina du Roveray. in the presence of I H. Mennet, F. L. du Roveray, J. L. Siordet, M. Bain, Sophie Mennet, John Mennet, F. E. du Rovery, Mary du Mont. Hett Amy, Ch. Mennet. Z 2 THE BURIAL REGISTER. CHAPTER XI. The Burial Register. Some of the principal names : Thomas Morley, Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells, Sir John Radcliffe, Mary Benam \_Baynham'\, Elizabeth Bayning, Lady Sidney, Dr. Hector, Dr. Barron, Augustine Bassano, Sir James Deane, Lord Lumley, Andrew Bayning, Sir William Ryder, Peter Turner, Christopher James Elsenhaimer, Paul Bayning, Sir Thomas Glover, Alice Hull, Viscount Bayning, Jefferic Kerby, Rev. John Sim.son, Viscount Savage, Sir John Wolstenholme, Alderman John Highlord, Rev. Abraham Hane \_Hayne'\, Dr. Gibbons, Rev. John Frost, George Penn, Mary Ramsey, Sir William Batten, Elizabeth Pepys, Sir John Alennes \_Minns'\, Sir Andrew Riccard, John Pepys, Lady Ann Deane, Rev. Daniel Mills, Sir Robert Knightley, Samuel Peyps \J^epys\ and Elizabeth Boulter. The earliest Register is entitled : — The booke of all such as have been buried in the prish of Saint Olave in hart streate from the xxiiij of Aprill In Anno Domini 1563 unto etc. 1563. April 26. Inprimis was buried Henry seamare." Aug. I. John Moraine, Sarvant to the Spanish Ambassador. 5. Georg Sonne of Georg after clarke of this prish. 13. WiUani bagnall sarvant to the earle of ArandalL Sept. 3. Walter Williamson of the plage ° the 3 daye of September. Immediately preceding this entry are the vi^ords "'Bovifers being clarke." He is the first Parish Clerk mentioned in the Registers, Thomas Leonard is the second, and Wm. Baker the third. {See Mar. Reg., 1576.] Oct. 7. Margerett Walles. i'er me Thomas Leonard, Clarke [of this parish]. Oct. II. Inprimis margerie smith daughter of Thomas smith p.° ' Afterw.irds Seymour. ' Plajrue. THE BURIAL REGISTER. 173 After an entry of October 21, is the note, "buried this week 17 psons." On October 24th we have the first mention in our Register of a churchwarden. Oct. 24. George the Sonne of m' savaidg' churchwarden. The following is no solitary example in the Registers of a Dorcas " full of good works and almsdeeds " : — Oct. 31. Joane alen a pore woman w'^h was taken into the goodwife sanders howse for godsake. 1564. May 23. Georg Hudson a pewterar dwelling over against the chrochet friars. Aug. 9. Maister gallierd Dwelling over against the well not far from the crochet friars. \See p. 3.] Nov. 9. A chrisom child the father thereof John Lannier a stranger and musitiner. The first entry of the burial of a "chrisom child." \See p. ']^.\ 1564-5, Jan. 5. Ovvld father morrell out of his sonnes howse the gaodman morell cowper. 1565, July 24. Now another handwriting appears in the Register. 1566, July 24. M"" Thomas morly one of the Officers of the Queenes ma''" Navie. \See Monuments, p. 74.J 1567, June 5. M' Mathew de Babaly stranger Ragosyn. He was an Italian, of Ragusi, one of many distinguished foreigners buried in the church. Strype mentions " Matthceus Babalius nobilis Ragusinus." The monument, erected by his friend Nicholas Gozzius, " nobili Ragusino aet. 27," has disappeared. 1567, Sept. 6. James Bugbarde the sonne of M' Bugbarde. 1568, July 9. M' dcor Turner. \_See Monuments, p. 79.J 1568, Aug. 23. Elizabeth boglarde the daughter of M' Boglarde. Nov. 19. Sir John Ratcliffe, Knighte. \See Monuments, p. 93. J ' Afterwards Savage. 174 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 1569, April 14. mother nicholas the wiffe of ffather nicholas a Stranger. April 22. James Winter in the almos house. Probably the almshouses founded by Sir John Milbourne, draper, mayor, 1522, are referred to in this entry. \_See chapter xvii.] 1569, Oct' 2. Richarde Bruer the Sonne of Widdowe Rallius slaine w* an arrowe in shootinge. 1 57 1, April 25. A lackey of S' Thomas Myldemaies. July 13. Jane Style the daughter of M' Edmonde Style Esquire. 1572, April 27. Oliver Harte a costare mong" 1573, May 23. M' Gillam the queenes maties servante. 1575-6, Jany 16. John Hutchinsonnes, Srvante to M' Doctor Ector of the blody fflix.^ 1576, April 24 James Lawsone a child the sonne of Robte Lawsonne a poore man lyenge in the Savoy for reliefe. The Savoy. " So called of Peter earl of Savoy and Richmond uncle unto Eleanor wife to King Henry III. He first built this house in the year 1245. John the French King was lodged there in 1357 after the battle of Poictiers. In 1381 the rebels under Wat Tyler burnt this house. Of latter time it came to the Kings hands, and was beautifully built for a hospital of St. John Baptist by King Henry VII, for the which hospital, retaining still the name of Savoy, he purchased lands to be employed upon the relieving of 100 poor people." Stow, pp. 165, 166. 1577, Aug. 7. M'^- Katharine Tussin de Valois wife Strang' of consumptio. Sept. 12. M"- marye Beynam wid at Allhallowes Stayninge who dyed in this pishe. Founded a Charity in 1572, for the relief of poor people resident in Allhallows and St. Olave's, Hart Street. [See p. 137, "wooden tablet"; also Benefactions, Appendix.] Oct' 26. Margerye Caucke widdow out of the Almese houses of a cowghe. Nov. 2. Sara mayet the daughter of Richarde mayet stranger a childe of the small poc[kes]. 1578, Apr. 27. A woman childe of W™ Greenhouse deade borne. ' " Costermonger, formerly costerd-inonger or costard-monger, a seller of costards or apples." Etym., Monger is modern English, a dealer, trader, from A. S. niangian, to traffic. Etym. of costard is doubtful. — Professor Skeat, "Etymological Dictionary." ^Flux. THE BURIAL REGISTER. 175 Sept. 20. Cyprian walker the soune of Roberta walker of the pi. The same daye was buried ij twynes, a boy and a wenche of his before there tyme. Nov'- 6. Andrew the sonne of Humfrie Smith of a pining sicknesse. At the foot of the page in which this entry occurs is a memorandum : — " A new comandemente from the queene and hir Counsel to sertifie the names and surnames, the age and disease of every person dyenge within our parishe." Until the 15 July, 1580, we have a record of the age of the person burled, and of the cause of death — in obedience to the Queen's " new commandment." 1579, April 7. Thomas Andersone srvante to the lo: Cobhame, of the kitchen aged 30 of the pi. 1579, May 16. Agnes Peirsonn svante to M' Paule Banninge aged 30 years, bewitched. Dec. 21. Elizabeth the wife of Paule Banninge marchante aged 28 yeres of a consumption. 1580, April 21. ffawlkener stranger aged 68 yeres of a swellinge in the heade. June 7. EUin the wife of Mr. John Organ aged 54 years of a swelling in the heade. July 15. Jozina Calluetto the daughter of John Calluetto strangr aged 29 yeres of the new disease. 1580-1, Jan. 2. M"' Elizabeth Dennie gent oute of S' ffrancis walsinghames. Jan. 27. Jone willyhames oute of my Lo : Lummeyes.' Stow thus alludes to Lord Lumley's house. Tower hill was "sometime a large plot of ground, now greatly straitened by incroachments (unlawfully made and suffered) for gardens and houses; some on the banks of the Tower ditch, whereby the Tower ditch is marred, but more near unto the wall of the City from the postern^ north, till over against the principal fore-gate of the Lord Lumley's house, etc., but the Tower ward goeth no further that way." " On the north side of this [Tower] hill is the Lord Lumley's house." " Next to the alms houses founded by Sir John Milborne, draper, sometime Mayor, 152 1, in Woodroffe lane^ is the Lord Lumley's ' Lumley's, spelt Lumneys, Bur. Reg., 1594-5, J^"' 29. ^ Now "Postern Row." 'Now "Coopers' Row,'' 176 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. house, built in thie time of King Henry VIII, upon one plot of ground of late pertaining to the Crossed friars, where part of their house stood," pp. 49 and 56. Jan. 27. The same day was buried George Cutbert grocer brought hether from whittington coUedge. " This church (St. Michael called Paternoster church in the Royall) was new built and made a college of St. Spirit and St. Mary founded by Richard Whitington, mercer, four times mayor, &c., &c. This foundation was suppressed by the statute of Edward VI. The alms houses with the poor men do remain and are paid by the Mercers." Stow, p. 91. The almshouses were removed to Highgate in 1808. College Hill, Upper Thames Street, still commemorates the foundation, and the Mercers' School stands on the site of the old college, but will shortly be removed to Barnard's Inn. 1581, Oct. 25. Edithe marshe of the p' at the new churchyard. One cannot tell to what this refers, for the new churchyard, as it is usually called, on the east side of Seething Lane, was consecrated about a century afterwards (March 25th, 1680). [See Newcourt] From our Register it appears that the plague raged this year (1581) and the year following. 1584-5, Mar. 12. Daniell de Fawe, stranger. 1585, Nov. 18. Barbara Pettala the wife of M' W"" Peltala, Churchwarden. Cf. entry 1587 Dec. 15, Edward Pettala queenes musition. Dec' 18. Lady Ann Radchffe. \_See Monuments, p. 82. j 1586, April 19. M' Tho: Oldsworthe gen. from M' Secretaries. Jun. 22. M' Pawlo Grimaldi, gent, stranger of Genoa. 1586, Aug' 22. The oulde Ladye Sydney widdowe named marye was caried from hence to be buried at penhurstc' in Kente by S' henry hir husbande, but p"* all duityes here both to the pson the pishe and the officers of the Churche. Lady Sidney, who survived her husband but three months, was Lady Mary Dudley, eldest daughter of John, Earl of Warwick, Viscount De I'lsle, afterwards Duke of Northumberland. In the end she became the ' rcnshiiist, THE BURIAL REOISTER. 177 sole representative of the Dudleys, and united in her person the great houses of De I'Isle, Grey, Berkeley, Beauchamp, and Talbot. She was married to Sir Henry, only son of Sir William Sidney. Sir William, " the firste of his name who was Lorde of the mannor of Penshurst, was from his childhood brought up with Edward VI." Sir Henry Sidney took no part in the attempt of his father-in-law to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne, but prudently retired to Penshurst, where he remained during the stormy period which followed. It was a sad time for his young wife, whose father, brother, and sister-in-law died on the scaffold, while another brother, John, Earl of Warwick, was released from the Tower only to die at Penshurst before the year was over. Sir Henry Sidney was for some years Lord Deputy of Ireland, and was Lord President of Wales till his death, in 1586. 1586, Sept. 14. Occurs the curious entry- — " Mother Goose." 1587, Dec' 15. Edwarde Pettala queenes musition. Until 1600 the chief music was masses and madrigals, but dramatic music was much cultivated from that time. "The ladies, imitating the example of the Queen, practised embroidery, wrote beautifully, played curious instruments, knew how to sing in parts, etc." London, by Walter Besant, pp. 234-5. Dec' 22. M' W"" Simbarbe my la : walsinghames brother from Barkinge pishe. Cf. Entry Mar. Reg. 1589 June i, Mr. Edmonde verney esquire and Mrs. Mary Simbarbe vidua. 1587-8, Feb. 13. Anthonie Turleye, Baron de Cockley, a stranger. „ ,, M' Nathaniell ptricke' who dyed in this pishe was carried to the Tower and buried there. Feb. 29. M'^ Tussayne de Valloys. \^Cf. Entry 1577, Aug. 7, Mrs. Katharine Tussyn de Valois' wife.] 1587-8, March 20. Thomas Hibbens hosier slayne in his owne house. 1588, June 29. A man Biackamore laye in the streete. 1588-9, March 7. M' Thomas Lovell gent of Suffoute of M' Paule Bannings.'' 1589, June 13. Angell the daughter of omnia ^ bene glasmak' by a broose in hir backe. 1589-90, Jan. 10. mounsier Mawriha Strang'. 1590, July 23. Grace a nigro out of doct' hectors.'' ' Patrick. ^AIso spelt Banninge, Bayning. 'Omnia or Omina = Emma? 'Ector, I57f January l6, p. 172. AA 1 78 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. 1591, April 15. Elizabeth Wilkinsonne a childe slaine w'h M' Onion I.iquor Carte and the coroners queste wente one ' hir. Sep' 12. John Blome of morbo gallico. Sep' 13. M' dcor hector nooncz carried to Stepney to be buried but paide all duities here. Hector Nones, M.B., a Spaniard, admitted Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons, 1554, was "Censor, 1562, 1563. In the College Annals he is generally called Dr. Hector ; and in our Registers also. {See " Roll of the College of Surgeons," ed. W. Munk, 1878, vol. i, p. 54.] Oct. 31. Anne the wife of W" harisson, waterbearer. Guiliam le Chatt stranger p'' doble Duities. 1591-2, Feb. 14. Denera the wife of M' Richard Tanner. 1592, Aug' 15. M' John Wantan sercher.' 1592-3, Feb. 8. John Stevenson seriante of the Admiraltie. Feb 23. Richarde Lyones the lo. Lumleyes man. ,, „ Robert Clarke sercher buried at his pew dore. This was often chosen as the place of burial. March 22. A chrisome childe of Thomas Ryding. 1593, Sep. 22. Dorcas Hale pchers^ daughter. Probably daughter of the Rector who resigned in 1590. 1593-4, Feb. 27. Barnabie ffarrell'' grome of hir ma'"" stable. 1594, April 9 and April 30. We have the first mention of pensioners, probably on Sir John Milbourne's foundation. April 19. M' dunstan buried under his pew in y"= side quere.' Oct' 28. John Tybball clarke of the glasse house. Dec' 27. M' Josias Simson precher o' psonnes brother buried in the chauncell on the north side of the com"^ table. John Sympson was " o' pson " at this time. C/. 1598, Oct, 12. Mary o' jisones sister was buried w"' hir Brother. iS94-5i Jany 29. Vincinso Jilio one of the glassemakers children. Janv 30. John Gosarde a cooke in the Lady Walsinghames house. P'ebv 22. mr. wm. Painter, Clarke of his ma''" ordinance diseased' in Katherin Colmans j)ishe and buried in this j}ishe in the side quier at the vestrie dore. 'On. ^ To the Cusloms. 'Preacher's. '" ffarrowe," 1594, August 29. "Quire, choir. "Deceased. THE BURIAL REGISTER. 179 1595, Aug' 20. Mrs. Barbara Highlorde the wife of Mr. John Highlorde. 1596, April 19. Alvaro de Lyma a portugale strangr buried before the vestrie dore and brought from the Duke's place oute of Crechurche pishe. Duke's Place was so called after Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, who was beheaded in 1572. St. Katherine Cree or Christ Church. The present Church was consecrated by Laud, when Bishop of London, January 16, 1631. 1596, June 23. Mr. Mathew fflyer m'chante buried in the chauncell before the redinge place. Cf. July 10 Mr. Edward fflier by his brother. July 17. John Goose one of the poore pentioners. John was probably related to Mother Goose. \See Bur. Reg., 1586, September 14. J Sept. I. Davie Mathewe the Ladye Walsinghames man. Oct. 7. Paule Justiano Cusino a m'chant stranger oute of m' Briatts buried in the Chauncell at the easte ende of the comunion table by the Redinge place. It is difficult to fix the precise place of burial described in this entry. Dec. 8. A Chrisome Childe of Mr. Willyame Amies buried below the pewe boxe in the middle allye. 1597, April 9. Richarde Hide out of in' Lawes house cardmaker. „ „ Harry pope, Jentleman, buried in the north ally ov" againste the longe pewe out of the Lady Walsinghame's house. August 16. John hill one of the Bedells of S' Thomas Spittle. 1598, March 29. M' John Garthorne, buried at his pewe dore in the north side quire, householder and one of the Costome house. April 19. Christian, the daughter of Giles Banbridge a childe buried in the northe alley at hir mother's pew dore. 1598, Oct. ri. David Strezela de Rocketts, a bohemean, buried in the vaulte in the chauncell oute of m'' howells house. 1598-9, Feb. 19. M'' W" Billingsleye, Jentelman, buried at the vestrie dore before his owne pewe. 1599, April 17. m' Dcor Barron buried in the chauncell under the comunion table. \See " Crutched Friars," p. 296.J Sept' 18. m'Thompson, mynester,theLadieWallsingams chaplenby the vestree doore. Nov. 22. John madox the Ladie Rutlandes man buried in the church. 1600, June 15. Giles Banbrige, Howseholder, buried at his pew doore. 1600-1, March 16. A cresom woman child of S' James Deanes. There are severa,l entries about this time of " cresoms." AA 2 i8o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. 1 60 1, May 17. m' Anthonye Bacon buried in the chamb. within the vallt. 1602-3, March 10. Innocent Comes one of her maiesties musitions buried w"" his wife north allie. In 1603, from July 5 to November 27, two hundred burials are recorded, the greatest number in one day being eight, viz., on i8th August. 1603, July 25. John Orningtha stranger buried in the chancell at Lower End Comunion Table. Aug. II. Elsabeth Saunders a child pentioner. Sept. 3. ffrancis Ryttzo " out of byshopsgate street buried in the chancell in baconstombe. Sept. 6. Anne the wife of Wilfrie Spallding and her child new borne & unbaptized. Sept. 9. John Woodcock, householder, buried in Church before the ffont. Sept. 15. Roman Caveher, a French post. Sept. 16. Jane Poties the Dutch posteschild. Sept. 26. Allavizo a glassman out of Mr. Jacob. John de Pavm fostian weaver. Oct. 3. Mathias vanderbeck a Dutch post. Oct. 4. Cornelia a Dutch woman. Nov. 27. Isaac ifawcon, Goldsmith, from the Bullwarke & buried here. Between January 30 and April 11, 1604, there are no entries. 1604, May 6. William the sonne of Christopher North. Oct. 8. Richard Blackwaie househollder buried in the chancell coming in att the dore close by the reading Pew. Oct. 24. Augustine Bassano buried w'hin the chancell Dore close to the Lord's Pewe.° 1605, April 5. John Lampton the Lord Lumlies Steward buried in the chancell before the Reading Pew. April 8. A still borne childe of S' Tho: Savages. April 29. Isaack Morris a Frenchman. 1606, April 18. Mr. Michell Martin the Lord Lumlies cooke buried in the chancell Aug. 7. Rebecca the wife of Mr. Robert Angell buried in the chancell In the south side therof betwene the tombe' and the Long Pew. Sir Henry Csesar Adelmare, knight, married Elizabeth, sole daughter and heiress of Robert Angell, of London, merchant. \Scc " Annals of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate," by Dr. Cox, p. 301.] ' Rizzio. ^Probably Lord Sudbury's. 'Perhaps the Radcliff? tomb. Cf. 1606-7, January 22, THE BURIAL REGISTER. i8i Oct. 8. Emberie Blackwell widdow buried in the Cliancell on the north side before the tomb and the Longe Pew. Dec. 5. M' John Bradshawe Died here & was carried to the New Churchyard.' 1606-7, Jany 22. M' John Humffrie m'chant Died in the 1667. Pepys's Diary, 1667, May 9. "In our Street at the Three Tuns Tavern, I find a great hubbub : and what was it but two brothers had fallen out and one killed the other. And who should they be but the two Fieldings; one whereof, Bazill, was page to my Lady Sandwich; and hath killed the other, himself being very drunk, and so was sent to Newgate." "It was Basil who was killed. They were sons of George Fielding, Earl of Desmond, and uncles of the father of Henry Fielding the novelist." — H. B. Wheatley. July 6. M' Samuel Slaughter minister was buryed in vault from y= Wid Slaughter. Oct. 12. S': W"": Batten: Buryed at Walthamstowe in y= County of Essex: in y' side chauncell. A still borne male child from Alderman Davisons in y'= middle isle in y' church. Dec' I. Daniell sonn of M' Daniell Milles Recto' of this Parish & M'' Mary his wife in y* Chauncell. 1668, April 14. M" Hamond from S' John Minns In the Navy Office. Buryed at Sandwich in Com. Kente. May 2. Elizabeth Da' of M' Thomas Worstenholme & M" Eliz : his wife was buried at Southgate Chappell in y' County of Middlesex. 1668-9, Jan'' S- The Lady Mary Maynard Buryed at St Helens in y" Chauncell ffrom M' W" Haringtons. 1669, Nov. 13. Elizabeth wife of Samuell Pepys Esq'., one of his Ma''" Comishon's of ye Navy obit Novemb. & buryed in ye Chaunsell xiii Instant. \_See p. 88]. 1669-70, Jan. 5. Edm<* Trench Doct' of Phisick buryed at Alhall Stainings in y= sou'' Isle in y= church. THE BURIAL REGISTER. 191 1670, Aug. 30. The Lady Eliz Caesar buryed at Bedingfield in y= County of Herts. She was the daughter and sole heiress of Robert Angell, a Turkey merchant, and wife of Sir Henry Caesar, Knt, M.P. for Herts (Sir Henry Caesar Adelmare), and mother of Jane, Lady Pope-Blount. \See Mar. Reg. 1669, July 2 2. J Dec. 2r. The wid Skye from S' Richard ffoords buryed in y'= old vault. Sir Richard Ford, Sheriff, 1663; Lord Mayor, 1670; often mentioned by Pepys. 1670-1, Feb. 27. Sir John Menns. \See Monuments, p. 81. J 1671, Aug. 18. M''' Mary Milles y^ wife of M' Dannill Milles y' Rector of this ^ish was buryed in y' chauncel. 1671-2, Feb. 16. M' Joseph Smith Judge Advocate of his Ma''" Navey buryed in y= old vault. 1672, Sep. 17. S' Andrew Riccard. \See Monuments, p. 97.] 1673, June 20. Abigail Da' of Josiah Clearke D' of phissick & M''' Abigail his wife was buryed in y'= old vault. Cf. 1680, Nov. 20. M''' Ann Clearke from Doc' Clearks in Marke Lane. 1673, Aug. 4. Elizabeth Dearsmore from M' Glovers in y'= new church yard at Bun hill.' Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, enclosed for the burial of such as died of the Plague 1665; since then "the campo santo of the Dissenters." See Southey's life of John Bunyan. Cf. entry 1680, Sep. 22, Nathaniell sonn of M' Nicholas Moore, D'''' of phiss'' & M" Mary his wife was b. in y'= new church yard on Bun Hill. Oct. 2. The Lady Ann Smith y^ wife of S' Jeremy Smith was buryed in y'= chauncell. 1676-7, March 15. John Pepys Esq' ffrom St. Donstons in y^ East was buryed in y^ chancell. Elected Clerk to the Trinity House, 1670, March 30. In the August of the same year the Court assembled for the first time at their new house, in Water Lane. He retained his appointment till his death. He owed the I Bone-hill. 192 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Trinity House ^300 at the time of his death, a debt which was paid by his brother Samuel. March 16. Dame Ann Deane y'= wife of S' Anthony Deane was buryed in y' chauncell. March 16. Mary Daught' of S' Anthony Deane was buryed in y' same coffin w'*" y' Lady Deane. 1677, March 31. Anthony Deane Esq"= Son of S' Anthony Deane was buried in y' chauncell. 1677, July 31. ffraunces ffaireborne Da' of Sir Palmes ffaireborne was buried in y« South Isle in y'= church from Mr. John Bowles. See Monuments, p 125. 1677-8, March 20. Doctor John Lowen was buryed in the new Vault ffrom Doct' Comons. 1678, June 19. Elizabeth Crittall servant to S' Denny Ashburnham. June 27. A Chrisome Child of Cap. Richard Goodlad & Mrs. Sarah his wife was buryed in y' new vault. Aug. 16. Henry Satchwell buryed in y= new vault. This is added:, "And the first in this pish since y^ Acte for buring in woollen." 1679-80, Jan. 16. Elizabeth Da' of policarpus & Elizabeth Dawkins in y= churchyard. 1 68 1, May 6. Mrs. Marget Harman y*^ Da of y= Lady "Harman was buryed at S' Mary Magdalene Bermondsey in y'= church. Dec. 13. Mr. Jno. Butler D'" of phisick was buryed at St. Catherine Coleman. 1682, Dec' 7. William Sonn of Sir Rob' Knightley & Dame Mary his wife was buryed in y' new vault. 1683, March 30. Danniell Milles was buryed in y'= North Isle in y^ church. Another son of the Rector, of the same name, had been buried, 1667, December i, in the chancel. May 14. Thomas Waite a Servant of S' Jno Leithullieurc was buryed in y= north side chaunsell. 1683-4, Jan. 4. The Lady Mary Knightley wife of S' Robert Knightley Knigh< was buryed in y'^ new vault. 1689, Nov. I. D' Dan' Milles y'-' Reverend Incumbent of this parish was buryed in y' chaunsell. THE BURIAL REGISTER. 193 1696, Sep. 27. M*^ Rose Vear Daughter to Comi' Pett Buried in y"= chansell vault. 1697, Ap' 29. Ann Clarke Daughter of M' Clarke, Minister, Buried att Bunhill. Probably a nonconformist. 1698, July 25. M" Eliz'h Gore buried in y Middle Chansell. 1698-9, Mar. I. S' Rob' Knightley buried in y= Vault under y^ Vestry. 1703, June 4. Samuel Peyps Esq. buried in a Vault by y^ comunion table. " Yesterday in the evening were performed the obsequies of Samuel Pepys Esq. in Crutched Friars Church, whither his corpse was brought in a very honorable & solemn manner from Clapham, where he departed this life the 26th day of the last month." — Post Boy, June 5, 1703. 1729-30, Jan. 13. Charles Savage in the Vault in y^ Chancel. 1745, Oct. 23. Ellen Savage in the Chancel vault. 1754, March 8. Elizabeth Boulter relict of his Grace D' Hugh Boulter Lord Archbishop of Armagh died Feb 28* in the North Cross. Eldest daughter of Charles Savage, of St. Olave's, Hart Street, London, merchant (buried there 1730, January 13), by Ellen his wife, also buried there 23 October, 1745. She was married, at St. Peter-le-Poor, London, 12 November, 17 19, to Rev. Hugh Boulter, D.D., then Dean of Christ Church, three days later consecrated Bishop of Bristol, and enthroned Archbishop of Armagh 18 November, 1724. See his burial 12 November, 1742, where the foot-note says "he was son of John Boulter, of St. Katherine Cree, by Rebecca his wife . . born 4 Jan. 167 1-2 . translated from thence (sc. Archbishopric of Armagh) to heaven 27 Sep. 1742." His will was proved {see his monument) by Charles Savage, Esq., his wife's brother. Her monument gives her age as sixty. Her will was proved by her brothers Charles and Samuel Savage. She left no issue. (See Chester's " Notes, Westminster Abbey," Bur. Reg.) cc THE PLAGUE CHAPTER XII. The Three Great Plagues of 1349, 1361 and Ijdg, specified in the Lansdowne MSS. The Plagues of 140"/ and 1517. Prior to 166^, the Burial Register of St. Olave's supplies evidence of five visitations of the Plague, viz., in 1563, 157^, 1593) ^^03 and 1625. The Plague of 1665-6. The first fatal case in St. Olave's parish, July 24th, Mary Ramsey. Pepys''s account of the Plague, passages from his Diary, April 30th, 1665, to March 1st, 1666. LTHOUGH the year 1665 is usually termed the year of the plague, London had been frequently subjected to the ravages of this terrible visitation. The following dates of the three great plagues are given in the "Lansdowne MSS.," No. 863, fol. 147 b., as stated to have been found " out of ancient records." Pestilencia prima et magna, 23 Edward III, 1349, May 31^' to Sepf 29* Pestilencia secunda, 35 & 36 Edward III, 1361, Aug' 15''' to May 3"" 1362. Pestilencia tertia, 43 Edward III, 1369, July 2"'' to Sept ag'*" In 1407 half the population of London is said to have been destroyed, and more than half in 15 17. Our own Registers show that the parish of St. Olave Hart Street was seldom wholly free from this scourge for the century previous to 1665, and they record five' distinct visitations, viz., in 1563, 1578, 1593, 1603, and 1625. The plague of 1665 is reputed to have been the twelfth, and, so far, is happily the last which has visited the City of London. I. The year 1563, the first of the series, was a year of great mortality. In our parish forty-nine persons were buried in September, and ' In 1637, from June 13 to Nov. 23, twenty-three persons died in St. Olave's of the plague. THE PLAGUE. 19S forty-three in October — ninety-two in two months. Stow relates that in the one hundred and eight parishes of London and its liberties, there died of the pestilence in this year 20,136, besides 3,000 dying of other diseases. In London, a blue cross painted on canvas, was ordered to be affixed to the door of every infected house ; every housekeeper was to make bonfires, three days a week, in his street ; and no one in whose house the plague had been was to go to church for one month after. As dogs were supposed to carry infection, in 1563, "the iiij day of August was a-nodur proclamassyon [from] my lord mare that ther ys on [one] man hyred [to kill] doges as many as he cane fynd in the stretts, and has a fee for loke [looking] every day and nyght." This extract is from the diary of Henry Machyn, and as his diary breaks off here, it is con- jectured that Machyn himself fell a victim to the plague. Dr. W. Sparrow Simpson relates, that in the library of St. Paul's Cathedral, is preserved a copy of a form of prayer, issued in the July of this year, for use during the pestilence. 2. In 1578 there was another outbreak of the plague. Our Registers record the burial of fifteen persons in the month of September, twelve of whom died of this malady, and the following entry occurs on the 5th November: "Was b. [buried] M' John Hodgesonne woolewynder late churchwarden of The p' [plague] who died before he had given up his accounts." 1582 was not a plague year, still we have this entry : " Oct. 27. M' Peter Capony gent, of the pla." — -a person of some note in his day if we may judge by the imposing monument erected to his memory at the east end of the north aisle. 3. The third visitation occurred in 1593. In our Register there is the significant entry: "Aug. 19 Charles Hardwicke the sonne of James Hardwicke was buried at the new churchyarde p' " in the margin, and " William Beardmore ) buried w"" him , „ Laurence Richardson ) in one pit " " cc 2 196 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. and the following shows how sadly one household suffered in this visitation — a son, a daughter, and three men servants : — 1593, Dec. 30. Buried Samuel Mitchell, Everslayes man. 1593-4, Jan. 17. Alice the daughter of W"" Eversley silkewevr. „ 19. Willyam Mytchell, W"" Everslayes man p. „ „ Richarde Smith, Everslaies man p. „ 31. Roberte the Sonne of Willyham Eversleye. Stow records that " this yeere also no Bartholomew faire was kept at London, for the avoyding of concourse of people, whereby the infection of the rest might have increased, which was then verie hot in that citie ; so that on the three and twentieth of October deceased Sir William Roe, then Lord Maior." 10,675 are said to have died of the plague in this year. 4. In 1603-4, the first year of the reign of James L 30,578 persons perished in London alone of the plague. In our parishes the mortality was fearful among children and young persons. In St. Olave's no less than one hundred and seven burials are recorded between March 25, 1603, and January 30, 1604 — eight indeed on one day, August i8th. In Allhallows' Staining the Churchwardens' Accounts for a year 1603-4 show that fees were received for one hundred and twenty-six burials. 5. But the next plague year, 1625, was still more fatal. Nearly 35,000 are said to have perished in London alone ; and of these fifty-four of the clergy. Strype says that this was nearly one-half of the total number of the London parochial clergy — a proof that fear of infection did not, as some have laid to their charge, make them desert their flocks. Through fear of infection, the first parliament of Charles I was adjourned to Oxford. In Allhallows', Barking, three hundred and ninety-four died, i.e., six times the average mortality. In our parish there were twenty-two burials in June, sixty-five in July, one hundred in August, and forty-two in September — two hundred and twenty-nine in four months — and though the cause of death is not recorded, it scarcely admits of doubt that a large number fell victims to the plague. THE PLAGUE. 197 6. In 1665, however, was the most memorable outbreak of the plague. The number of victims in London is variously reckoned ; some say 68,590, and others no less than 100,000. The Rev. Thomas Vincent, who witnessed many of the most appalling occurrences of the plague, alluding to the month of September, in a tract entitled " God's terrible Voice in the City," says : — " Of the one hundred and thirty parishes in and about the City, there were but four parishes which were not infected, and in those few people remaining that were not gone into the country." In the adjoining parishes of "Allhallows, Barking, and St. Dunstan, the mortality was fearful. In the former parish three hundred and thirty-three were buried, five times the average mortality. In the latter parish, "nine persons of one family, of the name of Flud, were buried in one month." On St. Olave's the blow fell not less heavily. The letter " p " in the margin denotes that the person buried died of the plague, and from July 24 to December 24 following, there were one hundred and sixty burials with this terribly significant prefix to the entry. How it swept away one after another of a family till there were few left, may be inferred from the fact that in fifteen days, i.e., September loth to the 25th, six were buried from one house. In eleven days the four sons and one daughter of Edmund Poole perished, and only four days afterwards, the father, Edmund Poole, followed them. The following is the first entry in which the sadly suggestive "p" occurs : — g; 1665, July 24. Mary Daughter of William Ramsey on [one] of the Drap^ [Drapers'] Almesmen and y^ first reported to Dye of y'= plague in this gish since this visitason and was buried in the new ch. yard August, September and October were the most fatal months in London. On September 7, 1665, John Evelyn in his Diary wrote: — ■ " I went all along the city and suburbs, from Kent Street to St. James's, a dismal passage, and dangerous to see so many coffins exposed in the streets, now thin of people, the shops shut up, and all in mournful silence, as not knowing whose turn it might be next, there perishing nearly 10,000 poor creatures weekly." He closed his Diary for the year with igS THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. these befitting words of thankfulness to the Almighty at his own preser- vation from such an imminent danger: "December 31st. Now, blessed be God for His extraordinary mercies and preservation of me this year, when thousands and ten thousands perished, and were swept away on each side of me ; there dying in our parish [Deptford] this year 406 of the pestilence." On February 6th, 1666, Evelyn writes of "the contagion now almost universally ceasing"; but on April 15th, a change for the worse is recorded. " Our parish was now more infected with the plague than ever, and so was all the country about \i.e., about Sayes Court, Deptford], though almost quite ceased at London." The fullest account from the pen of an eye-witness we possess of the plague of 1665-6, is contained in numerous passages in the Diary of Samuel Pepys. His first allusion to the plague is found under the date 30th April, 1665, and for the succeeding ten months till ist March, 1666, the Diary is strewn with many passages in which Pepys recounts what he has seen or heard ; his hopes and fears. By the end of 1665 the plague in London had greatly abated, but it continued on a very reduced scale to linger through the spring and summer of 1666, until the Great Fire' of September burnt out the dregs of the plague, and thoroughly freed the City from pestilence. With regard to the movements of Pepys during the plague period ; on 19th August, 1665, letters arrived from the King, ordering the business of the Navy office to be transferred to Greenwich. Pepys continued to reside in Seething Lane till the 28th August, and then removed to Wool- wich, and for the space of a little over three months, that is till 7th January, 1666, he resided in the neighbourhood of London, sometimes at Woolwich, sometimes at Greenwich [see p. 212, 31st December, 1665), visiting London frequently, as the Diary tells us. As Pepys's account of the plague is interspersed among many other matters, and I have never seen this account presented as a connected whole, I have attempted to give a complete picture of the plague as drawn by the Diarist. The narrative abounds in allusions to the church and parish, the rector and some of the principal parishioners, and therefore, though lengthy, has a legitimate place in the Annals of St. Olave's Hart Street. THE PLAGUE. 199 PEPYS'S ACCOUNT' OF THE PLAGUE. 1665. April 30th (Lord's day). Great fears of the sicknesse here in the City, it being said that two or three houses are already shut up. God preserve us all ! May 24th. To the Coffee House, where all the newes is of the Dutch being gone out, and of the plague growing upon us in this town ; and of remedies against it : some saying one thing, some another. June 7th. It being the hottest day that ever I felt in my life, and it is confessed so by all other people the hottest they ever knew in England in the beginning of June. This day, much against my will, I did in Drury Lane see two or three houses marked with a red cross upon the doors, and Lord have mercy upon zis writ there ; which was a sad sight to me, being the first of the kind that to my remembrance, I ever saw. It put me into an ill conception of myself and my smell, so that I was forced to buy some roll- tobacco to smell to and chaw, which took away the apprehension. June loth. In the evening home to supper ; and there to my great trouble hear that the plague is come into the city (though it hath these three or four weeks since its beginning been wholly out of the city) but where should it begin but in my good friend and neighbour's Dr. Burnett in Fanchurch [Fenchurch] Street : which in both points troubles me mightily. To bed, being troubled at the sicknesse, and my head filled also with other business enough, and particularly how to put my things and estate in order in case it should please God to call me away, which God dispose of to his glory. June I ith (Lord's day). I out of doors a little to show forsooth my new suit, and in going I saw poor Dr. Burnett's door shut ; but he hath, I hear, gained great goodwill among his neighbours ; for he discovered it himself first, and caused himself to be shut up of his own accord : which was very handsome. June 15th. At the office all day. The towne grows very sickly and people to be afeard of it ; there dying this last week of the plague 1 1 2, from 43 the week before whereof but one in Fanchurch Streete and one in Broad Streete by the Treasurer's office. ' This account is taken from the Rev. Mynors Bright's edition of the Diary, 200 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. June 17th. It struck me very deep this afternoon going with a hackney coach from my Lord Treasurer's down Holborne, the coachman I found to drive easily and easily, at last stood still and came down hardly able to stand, and told me that he was suddenly struck very sicke, and almost blind, he could not see ; so I 'light and went into another coach, with a sad heart for the poor man and trouble for myself, lest he should have been struck with the plague, being at the end of the towne that I took him up ; but God have mercy upon us all ! June 20th. This day I informed myself that there died four or five at Westminster of the plague in one alley in several houses upon Sunday last, Bell Alley, over against the Palace Gate : yet people do think that the number will be fewer in the towne than it was the last weeke. June 26th. The plague increases mightily, I this day seeing a house, at a bitt-maker's over against St. Clement's Church, in the open street, shut up ; which is a sad sight. June 28th. In my way to Westminster Hall, I observed several plague houses in King's Street and near the Palace. I was fearful of going to any house but I did to the Swan, and thence to White Hall, giving the waterman a shilling, because a young fellow and belonging to the Plymouth. June 29th. By water to White Hall where the Court full of waggons and people ready to go out of towne. This end of the towne every day grows very bad of the plague. The Mortality Bill is come to 267; which is about 90 more than the last : and of these but four in the City, which is a great blessing to us. July ist. To the Duke of Albemarle's [St. James's Park]. Thence to Westminster where I hear the sickness encreases greatly. Sad at the newes that seven or eight houses in Bazing Hall street [Basinghall] are shut up of the plague. July 5th. In the afternoon I abroad to St. James's. From thence walked round to White Hall, the Parke being quite locked up ; and I observed a house shut up this day in the Pell Mell, where heretofore in Cromwell's time we young men used to keep our weekly clubs. THE PLAGUE. io\ July 6th. And to see my Lord Brouncker " who is not well. I could not see him nor had much mind, one of the great houses within two doors of him being shut up : and Lord ! the number of houses visited, which this day I observed through the town quite round in my way by Long Lane and London Wall. July 1 2th. It being a solemn fast-day for the plague growing upon us. July 13th. Above 700 died of the plague this week. July 1 8th. I was much troubled this day to hear at Westminster how the officers do bury the dead in the open Tuttle^ Fields, pretending want of room elsewhere ; whereas the new chapell churchyard was walled- in at the publick charge in the last plague time, merely for want of room, and now none, but such as are able to pay dear for it, can be buried there. July 20th. Walked [from Deptford] to Redriffe, where I hear the sickness is, and indeed is scattered almost everywhere, there dying 1,089 of the plague this week. My Lady Carteret did this day give me a bottle of plague-water home with me. Lord ! to see how the plague spreads. It being now all over King's Streete, at the Axe, and next door to it, and in other places. July 2 1st. Late at my chamber setting some papers in order; the plague growing very raging, and my apprehensions of it great. July 22nd. I met this noon with Dr. Burnett who told me, and I find in the news-book this week that he posted upon the 'Change, that whoever did spread the report that, instead of dying of the plague, his servant was by him killed, it was forgery, and showed me [in proof] the acknowledgment of the master of the pest-house. July 26th. To Greenwich to the Park . . . and back again with [the King] in the barge hearing him and the Duke [of York] talk and seeing and observing their manner of discourse. And God forgive me ! though I admire them with all the duty possible, yet the more a man considers and observes them, the less he finds of difference between them ' Joint Comptroller of the Navy with Sir W. Pen. See chapter xiii, p. 235. ^ Tuttle or Tothill, i.e., the Beacon Field. DD 202 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. and other men, though (blessed be God!) they are both princes of great nobleness and spirits . . . Thence mighty full of the honour of this day took coach and to Joyce's and spoke with Anthony . . . After a little other discourse and the sad news of the death of so many in the parish of the plague, forty last night, the bell always going, I back to the Exchange ... I home to set my Journall for these four days in order, they being four days of as great content and honour and pleasure to me as ever I hope to wish or desire, or think anybody else can wish. This day poor Robin Shaw at Backewell's died, and Backewell himself now in Flanders. The King himself asked about Shaw, and being told he was dead, said he was very sorry for it. The sickness is got into our parish [St. Olave's Hart Street. See Bur. Reg., July 24th, p. 190] this week, and is got indeed everywhere ; so that I begin to think of setting things in order, which I pray God enable me to put both as to soul and body. July 27th. At home, met the weekly Bill, where above 1,000 encreased in the Bill, and of them in all about 1,700 of the Plague which hath made the officers this day resolve of sitting at Deptford, which puts me to some consideration what to do. July 30th (Lord's Day). Up, and in my night gowne, cap and neck- cloth, undressed all day long, lost not a minute, but in my chamber setting my Tangier accounts to right. The Lord be praised for it ! Will [Hewer] was with me to-day, and is very well again. It was a sad noise to hear our bell to toll and ring so often to-day, either for deaths or burials ; I think five or six times. August 2nd. Up, it being a publique fast, as being the first Wednesday of the month, for the plague ; I within doors all day, and upon my monthly accounts late, and there to my great joy settled almost all my private matters of money in my books clearly, and I did find myself really worth ^1,900, for which the great God of Heaven and Earth be praised ! August 3rd. To the ferry [Deptford], where I was forced to stay a great while before I could get my horse brought over, and then mounted and rode very finely to Dagenhams ; all the way people, citizens, walking to and again to enquire how the plague is in the City this week by the Bill ; THE PLAGUE. 203 which by chance at Greenwich I had heard was 2,020 of the plague, and 3,000 and odd of all diseases ; but methought it was a sad question to be so often asked me Mr. Marr very kindly staying to lead me the way [from Dagenham to Gravesend]. Mr. Marr telling me by the way how a mayde servant of Mr. John Wright's (who lives thereabouts) falling sick of the plague, she was removed to an outhouse, and a nurse appointed to look to her ; who being once absent, the mayde got out of the house at the window and ran away. The nurse coming and knocking, and having no answer, believed she was dead, and went and told Mr. Wright so ; who and his lady were in great strait what to do to get her buried. At last resolved to go to Burntwood hard by, being in the parish, and there get people to do it. But they would not ; so he went home full of trouble, and in the way met the wench walking over the common which frighted him worse than before ; and was forced to send people to take her, which he did ; and they got one of the pest coaches and put her into it to carry her to a pest house. August 8th. To my office a little, and then to the Duke of Albemarle's [St. James's Park] about some business. The streets mighty empty all the way, now even in London, which is a sad sight. And to Westminster Hall where talking, hearing very sad stories from Mrs. Mumford ; among others of Mr. Michell's son's family. And poor Will that used to sell us ale at the Hall-door, his wife and three children died, all, I think, in a day. So home through the City again, wishing I may have taken no ill in going ; but I will go, I think, no more thither. August loth. By and by to the office where we sat all the morning ; in great trouble to see the Bill this week rise so high, to above 4,000 in all, and of them above 3,000 of the plague Home, to draw over anew my will, which I had bound myself by oath to dispatch by to-morrow night ; the town growing so unhealthy that a man cannot depend upon living two days. August 1 2th. The people die so, that now it seems they are fain to carry the dead to be buried by day-light, the nights not sufficing to do it in. And my Lord Mayor commands people to be within at nine at night, all, as they say, that the sick may have liberty to go abroad for ayre. There is one DD 2 204 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFB'S HART STREET. also dead out of one of our ships at Deptford, which troubles us mightily ; the Providence, fireship, which was just fitted to go to sea. But they tell me to-day no more sick on board. And this day W. Bodham tells me that one is dead at Woolwich, not far from the Rope-yard. August 15th. It was dark before I could get home, and so land at Churchyard-stairs; where, to my great trouble I met a dead corpse of the plague, in the narrow ally just bringing down a litde pair of stairs. But I thank God I was not much disturbed at it. However, I shall beware of being late abroad again. August 1 6th. To the Exchange, where I have not been a great while. But, Lord ! how sad a sight it is to see the streets empty of people, and very few upon the 'Change. Jealous of every door that one sees shut up, lest it should be the plague ; and about us [Seething Lane and neighbourhood] two shops in three, if not more, generally shut up. August 19th. Letters from the King and Lord Arlington, for the removal of our office to Greenwich. August 22nd. I went away and walked to Greenwich in my way seeing a coffin with a dead body therein, dead of the plague, lying in an open close belonging to Coome Farm, which was carried out last night, and the parish have not appointed anybody to bury it ; but only set a watch there day and night that nobody should go thither or come thence : this disease making us more cruel to one another than if we are doggs.' August 25th. This day I am told that Dr. Burnett, my physician is that morning dead of the plague ; which is strange, his man dying so long ago, and his house this month open again. Now himself dead. Poor unfortunate man ! August 26th. Down by water to Greenwich, I found Mr. Andrews and Mr. Yeabsly. We parted at my Lord Brouncker's doore where I went in, having never been there before, and there he made a noble entertainment for Sir J. Minnes, myself, and Captain Cocke. . . Thence I by water home, in my way seeing a man taken up dead, out of the hold of a small catch^ that lay at Deptford. I doubt it might be the plague, which with the thought of Dr. Burnett, did something disturb me. ' The reading in Lord Br.iybrookc's edition, 1849, 's " 'han we are to dogs.'' ^VV small vessel, commonly called a ketch, THE PLAGUE. 205 August 28th. To Mr. Colvill, the goldsmith's, having not for some days been in the streets ; but now how few people I see, and those looking like people that had taken leave of the world. I to the Exchange, and I think there were not fifty people upon it, and but few more like to be as they told me. Thus I think to take adieu to-day of the London streets. I think I have ;i^i,8oo and more in the house, and, blessed be God! no money out but what I can very well command, and that but very little, which is much the best posture I ever was in in my life, both as to the quantity and the certainty I have of the money I am worth ; having most of it in my hand. But then this is a trouble to me what to do with it, being myself this day going to be wholly at Woolwich; but for the present I am resolved to venture it in an iron chest, at least for a while. August 30th. Abroad [to London], and met with Hadley, our clerke," who upon my asking how the plague goes, told me it encreases much, and much in our parish ; for, says he, "there died nine this week, though I have returned but six " : which is a very ill practice, and makes me think it is so in other places ; and therefore the plague much greater than people take it to be. I went forth and walked towards Moorefields to see (God forbid my presumption!) whether I could see any dead corpse going to the grave; but, as God would have it, did not. But, Lord ! how everybody's looks, and discourse in the street is of death and nothing else, and few people going up and down, that the towne is like a place distressed and forsaken. August 31st. Up; and after putting several things in order to my removal, to Woolwich ; the plague having a great encrease this week beyond all expectation of almost 2,000, making the general Bill 7,000 odd 100 ; and the plague above 6,000. Thus this month ends with great sadness upon the publick, through the greatness of the plague everywhere through the kingdom almost. Every day sadder and sadder news of its encrease. In the City died this week 7,496, and of them 6,102 of the plague. But it is feared that the true number of the dead this week is near 10,000 ; partly from the poor that cannot be taken notice of through the greatness of the number, and partly from the Quakers and others that will not have any bell ^ See p. 221. In 1680 — "And Mr. James Hadley Parish Clarke of the said Parish [St. Olave's] dolh promise to pay Twenty shillings p. annum for 4 yeares also? " to the rebuilding fund for St. Paul's Cathedral. 2o6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. ring for them. . . As to myself I am very well, only in fear of the plague, and as much of an ague by being forced to go early and late to Woolwich, and my family to lie there continually. My late gettings have been very great to my great content, and am likely to have yet a few more profitable jobbs in a little while ; for which Tangier and Sir W. Warren I am wholly obliged to. September 3rd (Lord's Day) [WoolwichJ. Up; and put on my coloured silk suit very fine, and my new periwigg bought a good while since, but durst not wear, because the plague was in Westminster when I bought it ; and it is a wonder what will be the fashion after the plague is done, as to periwiggs, for nobody will dare to buy any hair for fear of the infection, that it had been cut off the heads of people dead of the plague. . . My Lord Brouncker, Sir J. Minns, and I up to the Vestry [Greenwich] at the desire of the Justices of the Peace, in order to do some- thing for the keeping of the plague from growing ; but Lord ! to consider the madness of the people of the town who will (because they are forbid) come in crowds along with the dead corpses to see them buried ; but we agreed on some orders for the prevention thereof Among other stories, one was very passionate, methought, of a complaint brought against a man in the towne for taking a child from London from an infected house. Alderman Hooker told us it was the child of a very able citizen in Gracious Street, a saddler, who had buried all the rest of his children of the plague, and himself and wife now being shut up and in despair of escaping, did desire only to save the life of this little child ; and so prevailed to have it received stark-naked into the arms of a friend, who brought it (having put it into new fresh clothes) to Greenwich ; where upon hearing the story, we did agree it should be permitted to be received and kept in the towne. September 4th, 1665, Woolwich. {Extract from a letter of S. Pepys to Lady Carteret^ The absence of the Court and emptiness of the City takes away all occasion of news, save only such melancholy stories as would rather sadden than find your Ladyship in any divertisement in the hearing ; I having stayed in the City till above 7,400 died in one week, and of them above 6,000 of the plague, and little noise heard day or night but tolling of bells; till I could walk Lumber [Lombard] Street and not meet 20 persons from one end to the other, and not 50 upon the Exchange ; till whole THE PLAGUE. 207 families, 10 and 12 together, have been swept away ; till my very physician, Dr. Burnet, who undertook to secure me against any infection, having survived the month of his own house being shut up, died himself of the plague ; till the nights though much lengthened are grown too short to conceal the burials of those that died the day before, people being thereby constrained to borrow day-light for that service : lastly, till I could find neither meat nor drink safe, the butcheries being everywhere visited, my brewer's house shut up, and my baker with his whole family, dead of the plague. September 6th. To London, to pack up more things ; and there I saw fires burning in the street, as it is through the whole City, by the Lord Mayor's order. Thence by water to the Duke of Albemarle's : all the way fires on each side of the Thames, and strange to see in broad day-light two or three burials upon the Bankeside, one at the very heels of another : doubtless all of the plague ; and yet at least forty or fifty people going along with every one of them. September 7th. Up by 5 of the clock, mighty full of fear of an ague, but was obliged to go, and so by water, wrapping myself up warm, to the Tower, and there sent for the Weekly Bill, and find 8,252 dead in all, and of them 6,978 of the plague ; which is a most dreadful number, and shows reason to fear that the plague hath got that hold that it will yet continue among us. September 14th. To London . . . And Lord ! to see how I did endeavour all I could to talk with as few as I could, there being now no observation of shutting up of houses infected, that to be sure we do converse and meet with people that have the plague upon them. So home [Seething Lane] and put up several things to carry to Woolwich, and upon serious thoughts I am advised by W. Griffin to let my money and plate rest there, as being as safe as any place, nobody imagining that people would leave money in their houses now, when all their families are gone. But Lord ! to see the trouble that it puts a man to, to keep safe what with pain a man has been getting together, and there is good reason for it. By water home late, where [Woolwich] when I came, I spent some thoughts upon the occurrences of this day, giving matter for as much content on the one 2o8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. hand and melancholy on another, as any day in all my life. For the first ; the finding of my money and plate and all safe at London, and speeding in my business of money this day. The decrease of 500 and more, which is the first decrease we have yet had in the sickness since it begun : and great hopes that the next week it will be greater. Then on the other side, my finding that though the Bill in general is abated, yet the City within the walls is encreased, and likely to continue so, and is close to our house there. My meeting dead corpses of the plague, carried to be buried close to me at noon-day through the City in Fanchurch-street. To see a person sick of the sores, carried close by me by Gracechurch in a hackney- coach. My finding the Angel Tavern, at the lower end of Tower-Hill, shut up ; and more than that, the alehouse at the Tower-stairs ; and more than that, the person was then dying of the plague when I was last there, a little while ago, at night, to write a short letter, and I overheard the mistresse of the house sadly saying to her husband somebody was very ill, but did not think it was of the plague. To hear that poor Payne, my waiter, hath buried a child and is dying himself To hear that a labourer I sent but the other day to Dagenhams to know how they did there, is dead of the plague ; and that one of my own watermen that carried me daily, fell sick as soon as he had landed me on Friday morning last, when I had been all night upon the water (and I believe he did get his infection that day at Brainford) and is now dead of the plague. And, lastly, that both my servants W. Hewer and Tom Edwards have lost their fathers, both in St. Sepulchre's parish [Snow Hill] of the plague this week, do put me into great apprehensions of melancholy, and with good reason. But I put off the thoughts of sadness as much as I can, and the rather to keep my wife in good heart, and family also. September 19th. About 4 or 5 [a.m.] of the clock we came to Greenwich, and having first set down my Lord Brouncker, Cocke and I went to his house it being light, and there to our great trouble, we being sleepy and cold, we met with the ill newes that his boy Jack was gone to bed sicke, which put Captain Cocke and me also into much trouble, the boy as they told us, complaining of his head most, which is a bad sign it seems. So they presently betook themselves to consult whether and how to remove THE PLAGUE. 209 him. However I thought it not fit for me to discover too much fear to go away, nor had I any place to go to. So to bed I went, and slept till 10 of the clock, and then comes Captain Cocke to wake me and tell me that his boy was well again. With great joy I heard the newes, so I up and to the office where we did a little, and but a little business. September 20th. To Lambeth. But, Lord ! what a sad time it is to see no boats upon the River ; and grass all up and down White Hall court, and nobody but poor wretches in the streets ! And, which is worst of all, the Duke [of Albemarle] showed us the number of the plague this week, brought in last night from the Lord Mayor; that it is encreased about 600 more than the last, which is quite contrary to our hopes and expectations from the coldness of the late season. For the whole general number is 8,297, and of them the plague 7,165, which is more in the whole by above 50 than the •biggest Bill yet : which is very grievous to us all. September 24th. By and by to dinner about 3 o'clock, and then I in the cabin to writing down my journall for these last seven days to my great content, it having pleased God that in this sad time of the plague, everything else has conspired to my happiness and pleasure more for these last three months than in all my life before in so little time. God preserve it and make me thankfull for it. September 27th. To the Duke of Albemarle. Here I saw this week's Bill of Mortality wherein, blessed be God! there is above 1,800 decrease, being the first considerable decrease we have had. September 30th. I do end this month with the greatest content, and may say that these last three months for joy, health, and profit have been much the greatest that ever I received in all my life in any twelve months, having nothing upon me but the consideration of the sicklinesse of the season during this great plague to mortify me. For all which the Lord God be praised ! October 3rd. This night I hear that of our two watermen that used to carry our letters, and were well on Saturday last, one is dead, and the other dying, sick of the plague ; the plague though decreasing elsewhere, yet being greater about the Tower and thereabouts. EE 2IO THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFB'S HART STREET. October i6th. I walked to the Tower [from the Exchange]; but Lord ! how empty the streets are and melancholy, so many poor sick people in the streets full of sores ; and so many sad stories overheard as I walk, everybody talking of this dead, and that man sick, and so many in this place and so many in that. And they tell me, that in Westminster there is never a physician and but one apothecary left, all being dead : but that there are great hopes of a great decrease this week ; God send it ! October 29th. I was set down at Woolwich towne end, and walked through the towne in the dark. But in the streete did overtake and almost run upon two women crying and carrying a man's coffin between them. I suppose the husband of one of them, which, methinks, is a sad thing. October 31st. To the office [Greenwich] where Sir W. Batten met me, and did tell me that Captain Cocke's black was dead of the plague, which I had heard of before but took no notice. By and by Captain Cocke came to the office, and Sir W. Batten and I did send to him that he would either forbear the office, or forbear going to his owne office. However, meeting yesterday the Searchers with their rods in their hands coming from Captain Cocke's house, I did overhear them say that the fellow did not die of the plague . . . After some fears that the plague would have increased again this week, I hear for certain that there is about 400 less, the whole number of deaths being 1,388, and of them, of the plague 1,031. Want of money in the Navy puts everything out of order. Men grow mutinous; and nobody here to mind the business of the Navy but myself. November ist. But by and by Sir W. Batten and I took coach [from Erith], and so going home I saw Captain Cocke 'lighting out of his coach, and so he would come along with me to my lodging and there sat and supped, and talked with us, but we were angry a little while about our message to him the other day about bidding him keep from the office or his own office, because of his black dying. I owned it and the reason of it, and would have been glad if he had been out of the house, but I could not bid him go, and so supped. November 9th. The Bill of Mortality, to all our griefs, is encreased 399 this week, and the encrease generally through the whole City and suburbs, which makes us all sad. THE PLAGUE. 211 November 14th. Called up by break of day by Captain Cocke, and he and I in his coach to Kent Streete, a sad place through the plague, people sitting sick and with plaisters about them in the street begging. November 15th. The plague, blessed be God! is decreased 400-; making the whole this week but 1,300 and odd ; for which the Lord be praised ! November 22nd. I heard this day that Mr. Harrington is not dead of the plague, as we belived, at which I was very glad, but most of all, to hear that the plague is come very low, that is, the whole under 1,000, and the plague 600 and odd : and great hopes of a further decrease, because of this day's being a very exceeding hard frost, and continues freezing. November 27th. I into London [from St. James's Park], it being dark night, by a hackney coach ; the first I have durst to go in many a day, and with great pain now for fear. But it being unsafe to go by water in the dark and frosty cold, and unable, being weary with my morning walke [from Greenwich to London] to go on foot, this was my only way. Few people yet in the streets, nor shops open, here and there twenty in a place almost ; though not above 5 or 6 o'clock at night. November 30th. Great joy we have this week in the Weekly Bill, it being come to 544 in all, and but 333 of the plague ; so that we are encouraged to get to London as soon as we can. And my father writes as great news of joy to them, that he saw York's waggon go again this week to London, and was full of passengers ; and tells me that my Aunt Bell hath been dead of the plague these seven weeks. December 2nd. Up and discoursing with my wife, who is resolved to go to London for good and all this day. Dined with my wife at noon and took leave of her, she being to go to London, as I said, for altogether, and I to the office [Greenwich], busy till past one in the morning. December 13th. By water to London. So away to the 'Change, and there hear the ill news, to my great and all our great trouble, that the plague is encreased again this week, notwithstanding there hath been a day or two great frosts ; but we hope it is only the effects of the late close warm weather, and, if the frosts continue the next week, may fall again ; but the EE 2 2 12 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. town do thicken so much with people, that it is much if the plague do not grow again upon us. [With Sir W. Warren to the Duke of Albemarle's, the Cockpit, St. James's Park. J So we back again, and calling at my house to see my wife, who is well ; though my great trouble is that our poor little parish [St. Olave's] is the greatest number this weeke in all the city within the walls, having six, from one the last weeke ; and so by water to Greenwich. December 20th. But two things trouble me ; one the sicknesse is increased above 80 this weeke (though in my owne parish not one has died, though six the last weeke) ; [the other trouble referred to the " complexed " state of his Tangier account]. December 22nd. The weather hath been frosty these eight or nine days, and so we hope for an abatement of the plague the next weeke, or else God have mercy upon us ! for the plague will certainly continue the next year if it do not. December 31st (Lord's day). Thus ends this year, to my great joy m this manner. I have raised my estate from ^1,300 in this year to ^4,400. I have got myself greater interest, I think, by my diligence, and my employments encreased by that of Treasurer for Tangier, and Surveyor of the Victualls.' It is true we have gone through great melancholy because of the great plague, and I put to great charges by it, by keeping my family long at Woolwich, and myself and another part of my family, my clerks, at my charge at Greenwich, and a mayde at London ; but I hope the King will give us some satisfaction for that. But now the plague is abated almost to nothing, and I intending to get to London as fast as I can . . . My whole family hath been well all this while, and all my friends I know of, saving my aunt Bell who is dead, and some children of my cozen Sarah's, of the plague. But many of such as I know very well, dead ; yet to our great joy the town fills apace, and shops begin to be open again. Pray God continue the plague's decrease ! for that keeps the Court away from the place of business, and so all goes to rack as to publick matters, they at this distance not thinking of it. ' The Navy Viclualling Office was on Little Tower Hill, on the site where, till 1539, had stood the Abbey of Grace, see pp. 351 and 354, THE PLAGUE. 213 1665-6, January 3rd. At the Duke's [Albemarle] with great joy I received the good news of the decrease of the plague this week to 70, and but 253 in all; which is the least Bill hath been known these twenty years in the City. Though the want of people in London is it, that must make it so low below the ordinary number for Bills. January 5th. I with my Lord Brouncker by coach with four horses to London, to my Lord's house in Covent-Garden. But Lord! what staring to see a nobleman's coach come to town. And porters every where bow to us ; and such begging of beggars ! And a delightful thing it is to see the towne full of people again ; and shops begin to open, though in many places seven or eight together and more, all shut ; but yet the towne is full compared to what it used to be. I mean the City end ; for Covent-Garden and Westminster are yet very empty of people, no Court nor gentry being there. January 9th. To the office [Seething Lane; Pepys had removed to London on 7th January "with great joy in my heart for my coming once again hither"] where we met first since the plague, which God preserve us in ! January loth. Thence to the 'Change, and there hear to our grief how the plague is increased from 70 to 89. January i6th. Mightily troubled at the newes of the plague's being encreased, and was much the saddest news that the plague hath brought me from the beginning of it, because of the lateness of the year, and the fear, we may with reason have, of its continuing with us the next summer. The total being now 375, and the plague 158. January 23rd. Good newes beyond all expectation of the decrease of the plague, being now but 79, and the whole but 272. So home with comfort to bed. A most furious storme all night and morning. January 30th. I took coach and home [from Mr. Gauden's, Clapham] finding the towne keeping the day solemnly, it being the day of the King's murther, and they being at church, I presently into the church, and a dull sermon of our young Lecturer, too bad. This is the first time I have been in this church [St. Olave's] since I left London for the plague, and it 214 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. frighted me indeed to go through the church more than I thought it could have done, to see so many graves He so high upon the churchyards where people have been buried of the plague. I was much troubled at it, and do not think to go through it again a good while. January 31st. He [Mr. Knightly]' is mighty solicitous, as I find many about the City that live near the churchyards, to have the church- yards covered with lime, and I think it is needfull, and ours I hope will be done . . . To White Hall, and to my great joy people begin to bustle up and down there, the King holding his resolution to be in towne to-morrow, and hath good encouragement, blessed be God ! to do so, the plague being decreased this week to 56, and the total to 227. February 4th. Lord's day ; and my wife and I the first time together at church since the plague, and now only because of Mr. Mills [rector of St. Olave's] his coming home to preach his first sermon ; expecting a great excuse for his leaving the parish before any body went, and now staying till all are come home ; but he made but a very poor and short excuse, and a bad sermon. It was a frost, and had snowed last night which covered the graves in the churchyard, so as I was the less afeard for going through. February i6th. With Moore to the Coffee-House, the first time I have been there, where very full, and company it seems hath been there all the plague time. March ist. Blessed be God ! a good Bill this week we have ; being but 237 in all, and 42 of the plague, and of them but six in the City: though my Lord Brouncker says that these six are most of them in new parishes where they were not the last week.'' Having seen the impressions made upon Evelyn and Pepys by the terrible visitation of 1665, we may add an interesting account from " Edihen" of the way in which the author ^ of that book was affected by being perpetually in peril of death. " Cairo and the Plague," chapter xviii. " There is some semblance of bravado in my manner of talking about ' Afterwards Sir Robert Knightly. See p. 223; also Burial Reg., p. 192. ^ It is said that the only parish in the City of London quite exempt from infection during the plague of 1665-6 was that of St. John the Evangelist in Watling Street. J. S. Burn, Parish Registers, p. 103. » Alexander William Kinglake. Eothen was published in 1844. See Diet, of Nat. Biography, vol. xxxi, p. 171. THE PLAGUE. 215 the Plague. I have been more careful to describe the terrors of other people than my own. The truth is that during the whole of my stay at Cairo I remained thoroughly impressed with a sense of my danger. I may almost say that I lived under perpetual apprehension, for even in sleep, as I fancy, there remained with me some faint notion of the peril with which I was encompassed. But fear does not necessarily damp the spirits ; on the contrary, it will often operate as an excitement giving rise to unusual animation, and thus it affected me. If I had not been surrounded at this time by new faces, new scenes, and new sounds, the effect produced upon my mind by one unceasing cause of alarm might have been very different. As it was, the eagerness with which I pursued my rambles among the wonders of Egypt was sharpened and increased by the sting of the fear of death. Thus my account of the matter plainly conveys an impression that I remained at Cairo, without losing my cheerfulness and buoyancy of spirits. And this is the truth, as I have freely confessed, that my sense of danger during the whole period was lively and continuous." THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. — -^^ CHAPTER XIII. Collections for various objects made in St. Olave's Church, 1642-110^. Collections by " Orders of Warrante." Royal Briefs. A brief for re-building St. PatiVs Cathedral, 4th April, 1680. The Vestry Minute Books, iJOJ-lSig ; orders relating to Pews ; The Churchyards ; The Poor and Parish Workhouse ; The Afternoon Lectureship ; Office of Churchwarden ; Fines on refusing to serve ; The custody of the Keys of Chests containing Communion Plate or Parish Deeds ; Levies of men for the Navy; Poor Rate; Miscellaneous. Poor Rate Books, i64'j-i6gg. Deeds of Parish Estates ; Disposition of Lord Bayning''s property, i62g ; also, that of his son in 1638. COLLECTIONS AT THE PARISH CHURCH, 1642-1707. I. — The Book begins with an account of " Moneyes Collected in the parish of St. Olaves Hart Street, London, for y'= use of the aforesaid Parish." Extracts : — (First entry). Aprill 27, 1642. li s. Collected at y^ monthly fast the somme of five pounds tenn shillings whereof disposed to the poore iij putt into the poore boxe ij x (Second entry). May 25, 1642. _ _ li s. d. At y'= monthly fast y= some of the some of six pounds five shillings & six pence. whereof disposed to y= poore of y"= parish iij ix vj reste with M' Thornbury ij xvj vj'' v^ vj'' THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 217 The communion was at this time administered on the first Sunday in the month, and there was a Fast on the last Wednesday in the month. In 1643 there was Holy Communion, with collection for the Poor, on Palm Sunday, March 26, on Good Friday, Easter Day, and Low Sunday. In 1641 there is no entry of Holy Communion on Good Friday, but there is an entry on " Aprill y'= 28th commonly called Lowe Sunday," ' and on the same Sunday in 1645 but not in 1646. In 1 646-1 647 there appears to have been no regular Sunday for the Holy Communion, sometimes it was the ist, the 2nd, or the 3rd, and occasionally no entry occurs. From May 4, 1656, to Easter 1659, there are many entries missing. 1661-2, Feb: " Att the Sacram'," quite exceptional for " Att the Communion." H s. d. 1662. December 25. Collected at a communion on Chrifmasday together w'h another coft y'= same tyme for y*^ poore w"'' being added made in all 04 : 08 6 w'^'' was ordered per M' Mills to be distributed to the poore per y^ difcrecion of the Churchwarden M' Arnoll, M' Garfeild being then absent. 1663. Aprill ye 19, Esther day ye last of M' Garfeild's tyme for Churchwarden. 1663-4. January 30. The Aniversary Fasting day for the horrid Murther of his Late Ma''% collected towards the releife of the Poore Fowerty One Shillings and Fewer pence. 2 : 01 : 04 There is a similar entry during the next twelve years. 1665. April 5. A Collection on the ffast ffor y= good success of his Maties Navall fforces, the some of ffifty one shillings and 9"^. Pepys, April 5th, 1665. "This day was kept publiquely by the King's command as a fast day against the Dutch warn" 1665. The Plague year. There are entries of " communion " when the Plague was at its worst. May 7th [June and July omitted], August 20th, ' "Being ye Last of Mr. Kearsley's tyme for churchwarden." There is usually a note every year, until 1683, of "the last time for churchwarden," and "ye first," or "ye pro" of Mr. as Churchwarden. This has enabled me to make the list of Churchwardens more complete, but the Christian names are not given. FF 2i8 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. September loth, October 8th', November 5th, and December 27th. The amount collected was much smaller than usual. li s. A. 1666. Nov. 7. The Publique Day for ffasting collected 08 : 16 : 00 Nov. 20th a Day of Publique Thanksguiving for ye Abating y= heavy visitacon of the Plague. Collected 9 : 1 7 : 00 1691. Colected y<= xxix Nov' 1691 It being a publick thanksgiving for success in Ireland" y<^ Kings retorne the some of thirteene shillings & three pense all Distributed. 1694. Sep : I. Colected at y<= Sacrament 00 : 13 6 This is the common form of entry from the year 1670, and is continued to the end of the book, October 5th, 1707. 1705. April 8. Colected att y^ Sacrament ye Sume of Eight pound One Shilling and four pence halfepeny which was distributed att y^ Discretion of y'^ Minister and Church Warden. [The first entry of the kind] 8:1:9^ May 6. Collected &c. & distributed at y= discretion of the Minisf & Ch- Wardens [the second and last in this book] 2:3:8 In this book nothing more is said as to the distribution, it merely states the amount collected. II. This book also contains an account of " Moneyes collected by virtue of Letters Patente from his Ma''" and by other Orders of Warrante upon sundry occasions w* are not for the use of this Parish." Many of the following collections were made by order of Kings' Briefs, which were royal mandates ordering collections to be made in Churches, for all manner of objects and " for all sorts and conditions of men." The extreme limit of eccentricity in the object for which a Church collection was ordered, seems to be the following : Loughborough, Leicestershire. " 1673. Brief for rebuilding the Theatre Royal in London." J. S. Burn, Parish Registers, p. 143. The people, not accustomed, as they are in these days, to an offertory at every service, must often have regarded these frequent collections for extraneous objects as burdensome ; and this feeling finds expression in the Diary of Pepys, 1661, June 30th ' Limerick invested in August, 1690, by the English and Dutch, surrendered on most honourable terms 3rd Octolier, 1691. The Treaty of Limerick was annulled by the Irish Parliament, 1695. THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 219 (Lord's day). " To Church where we observe the trade of briefs is come now to so constant a course every Sunday that we resolve to give no more to them." Briefs were abolished in 1828, 9 George IV, c. 28. The following extracts, 1642-1690, will suffice to show for what objects these appeals were made in St. Olave's Church : — 1642, April 24. The first entry is " for y'= inhabitants of Barwick upon Tweed in the Kingdom of England towards the repaire of their Church the some of fifty seaven shillings ij'' : xvij'' : o'' This is a very common object for which a collection was made, and equally common is the making good of losses incurred by individuals or parishes in all parts of the country. There are also special objects deserving of notice, for instance — ■ Aug. 31. In the same year collections were made for poore Irish Ministers and their families by order of the Lords and Comons vij" : xi'' : i"*, and in 1642 and 1643, on several occasions, " For releife of poore maimed soldiers in y^ Earle of Essex his Army by order of Parhament." In 1642-3, Feb. 5 and 12. For releife of poore Irish and English children to be transported into New England, on each occasion was collected iiij" : iij* : o'^ 1642-3, March 19. " For y^ redemption of Demetrius Christophorus, his wife and children out of Captivity " (by the Turks) ii'' : o^ : vi'' 1643, Dec. 10. For Bartholomew Mikysko and Jasper Hludovicus' of ye University of Prague poore distressed Protestants banished from there cuntrye : xlvii^ : vi'' li s. cl. And 1644, June 2. For Doctor Nathaniel Dasserinos Preacher to the Greekes in the Citty of Sancta Mauera in the County of Peloponesus o 18 o Days of Thanksgiving and Days of Humiliation are naturally regarded as appropriate for special collections. Here is an historical entry immediately after the battle of Marston Moor, July ist, when Cromwell's " Ironsides" won a complete success. 1644, July 18. Upon y^ day of Publique thanksgiveinge ffbr y= great victorye Vouchsafed to this Kingdome over Prince Rupert ' and his Cavillrye 1" : "'? : ' Hludovicus for Ludovicus, Louis. FF 2 220 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. And, one out of many instances — Sept. 12. Itt being a day of humiliation there was collected in all two pounds and twelve shillings. Half was ordered by Parliament to be disposed of for y" releefe of y' poore distressed people of Lancaster ; the other to y" poore of y= parish : S^^ : o During the Commonwealth, indeed, days of humiliation were very frequent, and only occasionally a day of "publick thanksgiving," e.g., 1653, March 27, and again April 12th, "for a victorye obtained over the Dutch." These entries are of more than ordinary interest, for the occasion was the memorable defeat in the February of that year of Van Tromp by Admiral Blake, after a running fight of four days. The following- have reference to Cromwell's wars in Ireland : — li s. d. 1645, June 30 and July 27. Towards the Transporting of those Souldiers into Ireland that were taken by S' Thomas ffairfax from the Kinge's Armye Being willing to adventure their Lives for the suppressing of y<= rebells there ij : iij : vj 1649, Nov. I. Publique thanksgiving for a great victorye obtained in Ireland by y"= parliaments forces there o : vi : o The massacre and capture of Drogheda by Cromwell took place September nth. 1650, July 14. For the releafe of George Reonolds who suffered by y'= Rebells in Ireland 5s. 7d. And yet our neighbours' needs receive consideration as well as the claims of strangers, e.g. : — li s. 1646-7, March 10. "Publique ffast one moitye for y^ poore inhabitants of Totnes in Devon and y' other moitye devided betwixt y' poore of allhallowes Stayninges and this (parish) distributed the same day " 2:8:0 And 1660, April 8, there is a collection "for the repaire and reedifying of y'= pish steeple of y^ Church of Barkeing" - 2 : 13 : o Poor ministers or parsons of other "denominations" are remem- bered, e.g. : — 1VT ^ li s. d. 1653, March 27. For one Armastatms Comnonus Minister to the Greeke church . jq And 1658, May 9. Distressed Protestants in Poland and other parts 9 : 6 : j 02 : lo : 2 THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 221 Of cases of individual sufferers, the following is but one out of many examples:^ 1644-5, Feb. 2. Towards the releife of John Adams plasterer hurt by a fall from a ladder To ffetch Buckitts to helpe in y^ Late ffyre in y= said parish xxvj'' o^ li s. d. 1654, May 23, IS a day of publick thanksgiveing for y^ union betweene y' two nations as also for raine in tyme of drought. The Collection was for the poor 00 : 08 : 00 And the last extract from the Commonwealth period that shall be given, refers to the illness of the Rector, Dr. Mills, and his people's prayers for him :— 1658, Nov. 9. For y' poore of the Parish itt being a day sett a parte to seeke god in the behalfe of M' Mills parson then in a weeke condicon In connection with the Restoration : — 1660, May 30. A day was sett aparte for publique thanksgiveing by author- itye of j)arliament for y= great deliverance God hath wrought for this nation. For maimed souldiers widdowes & orphans June 28. For restoring King Charles the Second his maiestie to his rightfull possession. (Collection given to the poore y= same tyme) 02 : 02 : o 1660-61, January 30.' It being appointed a day of Solemne Humiliaco by his Ma"'^ King Charles the Second and so to be kept in memoriall for future tyme for the Barberous and inhumane Murder of his ffather Kinge Charles the fflrst of ever blessed memory Iv^ : a^ Similar entries occur in succeeding years. 1661-62, January 15. Itt being appointed a day of Publique Humiliaco by his Maiesty for the removall of a present iudgem' and prevenco of a future iiij : xi : o February, 23. There was collected towards y'^ releefe of the poore by an order ifro y^ Lord Mayor & Alderm^ (his Maiestie & Councell assenting thereunto) in considerac of deadnefse of tradeing and dearenes of corne : Iv* : ix'' ' The Form of Prayer for the Thirtieth of January, prepared by Convocation and enjoined by Proclamation of May 2nd, 1662, with alterations on the accession of James II, made by royal authority alone, was ordered to be discontinued, upon addresses lo the Queen from both Houses of Parliament, by the issue of H.M. Warrant, January 17th, 1859. lllj 222 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 1680. During October and November "there was collected ffor & towards y= Redemption of Captives in Algeirin " the large sum of Ixvij'' : ij* : vij'' 1681-2. Towards y'= Distressed Protestant Churches in y'^ lesser Poland- vj : j : o The largest collection for any object was made in 1686. 1686, April 25. Towards y'= Releife of French Protestants 205 : 10 : 09 The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, and the migration of French Huguenots to England probably account for this large collection. 1688, In y'= month of Dec' by virtue of y= Kings Ma''^= Order to y' Lord BiP & y« Lord Major of London for y'= Releife of y' poore of London and the suburbs thereof xliij : x : o 1689, June 2. For y= Releif of Irish Protestants Ixxxvj : xiv : x Compare with these the following "for neighbours." 1690, September 21. Towards y* Loss of Severall Inhabitants of East Smythfeild in ye parish of S' Botolph w"" Aldgate : xxv : iij CONTRIBUTIONS TO A BRIEF FOR RE-BUILDING ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. Read in St. Olave's Church, 4th April, 1680. An account book in paper covers is labelled : — n s. d. A Booke of the Names & Sums Contributed to a Breife for the Building of the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul London wcti was read in this pish Ch : of S' O. Hartstr' London on the 4"' day of April 1680 Collected from Houfe to Houfe by the Rector & Ch ; Wardens of ye s^i pish Amounting to the sume of 62 : 9 : i At the head of folio i is the following : — " The Contents of the names of those Inhabitants of the parish of S' Olaves Hart Street London, who have contributed their Charitable ayd [and] the sumes by them contributed, &c., &c." THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 223 A few of the contributors were : — S' Robert Knightly The Lady Riccard (The first names in the list). M' Sallallarene - M' Thornbury S' John Lethulier M' John his sone S' Anthony Dean Esquire Middleton Sarah, a maid servant Docter Cleark D' Mills, D' D : Rector [the last name] The Total suine Collected amounts unto the suine of fixty two pounds nyne shilfi and one penny. And besides y' D' Mills Rector of the parish of S' Olave Hartstreet aforesd. doth promise to pay Power pounds j)' annum for Fower yeares. And m' James Hadley Parish Clarke of the said Parish doth promise to pay Twenty shilR ^ annum for 4 yeares alsoe. li s. d. OS ; OG ; 3 : 00 : GO : G2 : 6 00 : OS : OS : oG : 01 : 03 : OS : 00 : G 01 : Gi : 6 GO : 01 : 01 : 00 : 04 : GO : The 1 2th day of July, 1680. Received of Daniell Mills D.D. & Rector of the parish of S' Olaves Hartstreet .London by the order & appointment of the Lord Bp of London the suiiie of Sixty two pounds nine shillings & one penny & is for so much which amounteth unto the collection in the said parish for the Breife towards y= Building of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul London according to y= book of y<^ Collection thereof, subscribed by y" said Rector & Churchwardens, w"" I have allso received specifying the particulers thereof; I say rec'' by the hands of John Mervin Churchwarden of the said parish. By me John Tillison. Witness Law : Spencer. li s. d. 62 : 09 : I 224 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. THE MINUTE BOOKS OF THE VESTRY— EXTRACTS. The first volume begins with the Minutes of the Vestry, held 20th day of March, 1706-7, where were present Mr. John Turton, Rector, and seven others. Ordered : That R'' Elton's daughter be put to Prentice to M" Marjoram a child's Cote maker. Liveing in Dorsett Street in Spittle ffields. The Parish was governed by a Select Vestry, that filled up vacancies, e.g., "May 28th, 1708, it was resolved that five Gentlemen be chosen into y° Vestry (Sir Charles Peers, Knt. and Alderman, William Gore, Esq., &c., &c.)," and April loth, 1713, out of four in nomination for Gentlemen of the Vestry, two were chosen. The extracts are arranged under different heads, with the view of giving them additional interest. First, as to the pews, and the seating of congregation : — 1709, May 9. Ordered y' no Churchwardens for the futer shall not either difpose of any whole Pew or alter any Pew in this Church w^out Consent of the Vestry. 1 7 10, Nov. 16. That y'= Church Warden Alter y' front Pew at y'= Lower End of y" South Side adjoined to y'' Commifsioners Gallery into two Pews to be carryed backwards. 17 1 1, Dec. 28. That M' Carbonnel have leave to fit up the Pew that M' Bigly Willson lately had for his own use & at his owne charge. 1 7 1 3, Nov. 1 3. Agreed that Coll" James Porten and M' Fran : Porten his Brother has the South East Corner Pew of the North Isle for them and their familys Reparing it at their one (sic) charge, Provided that if either of their familys Remove out of the Parish another family shall be Placed in their Roome with the likeing and Aprobation of either Brother who shall Remaine In ye Parish. 1713, Nov. 30. That the footmen be removed out of the two Eastermost pews in the North Isle into such part of Gallerys as Churchwardens find most convenient and the maid servants be placed in the said pews. 1744, March 26. Ordered none be admitted into the ancients Gallery or Pew but such as have past the Parish offices or ffined. [This refers to the Western or Organ Gallery. 1760, July 15. The Seniors [Ancients] \>c\\' in the front gallery to be new lined and cushions repaired at the expense of the Parish. THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 225 1756, Sept. 15. M' Patterson applied for a seat — The Churchwarden gave him a key accordingly. 1808, March 15. The Vestry called — The Rector having alone seated an Inhabitant in a Pew in the church to which another family had been previously appointed by the Churchwarden. After considerable debate, a motion was made that it was the opinion of this Vestry when a vacancy occurs in the Seats or pews in any part of the Church, the right of disposing of the same is in the Churchwarden for the time being. This was carried by a con- siderable majority. The Rector, D' Owen, in the chair, Thomas Dennis, Churchwarden, & 14 others were present. 1 81 7, March 13. Recommende that the Servants of this Parish be seated in the Galleries — the male servants in the North, female in the South. THE CHURCHYARDS— OLD AND NEW. 1729, July 31. That the said Mr. John Woods cause a Pair of New Folding Dores to be erected and sett up leading out of the Great Churchyard into Seething Lane and such other repairs as to the entrance therein and out as he shall think convenient. ij66, March 31. That the Churchyard wall next Seething Lane be repaired and raised with pallisadoes of wood. 1 8 14, December 8. The Churchwardens also stated that it appeared necessary . . . to encrease the height of the present railing on the Wall next Seething Lane by erecting a new railing of 7 ft. 6 in. high of cast iron with a wrought top rail, and cheval de frise of the same materials, the estimated expense about ;^45. Ordered to be carried into execution. „ The Churchwarden reported that since the last Vestry it had been expedient to make a door into the turrett leading from the churchyard to the steeple to prevent the impropriety of ringers, workmen, &c., going through the body of the Church at all hours, and also the Sexton for the purpose of daily winding up the clock, &c. The estimated expense would be about ;^30. The Vestry confirmed the act of the Churchwarden. 1715, April I. Thomas Henshawe allowed to make light into the churchyard from the Globe Alehouse paying four shillings a year by twelvepence per quarter during pleasure of the Vestry. GG 226 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 1724, March 27. Mr. Gore have hberty to remove engine house in the new churchyard, Provided he erect & build another of the same dimensions at his own proper costs and charges to the satisfaction of the churchwardens. He to pay 5^-. a year for h'ghts to be secured by Iron Bars. 1737, July 8. John Gore Esq. applies for permission to build a Vault under the Church Steeple of this Parish for Burial of the dead and a conveniency for Laying the usual quantity of coals for the service of the Parish. Order. That the Churchwardens permit him at his own expense so that it do not on opening annoy the Parishioners. Feb. 22. Agreed to accept Ten (Guineas from John Gore, Esq., for the service of the Parish, in consideration that no dead shall be buryed in the Poor Churchyard for 14 years from this time. 1745, September 26. The application of Henry March Esq. to be allowed to erect a building over and in the south-west corner of the churchyard in addition to his brewhouse — he giving 3 gallons of small beer on Ascension Day — while he or his family shall inhabit, but on going thence may have liberty to pull down the erection or to leave the erection as the Parish shall think filt. The erection was left until the year 1863, when the houses, Nos. 60 and 61, were rebuilt, and a fair arrangement made between the Parish and the owners as to the boundary on the west side of the Churchyard. See Vestry Minutes, 1863, January 29th and April 9th. 1 78 1, May 9. The new Churchyard to be closed. Tower Vault for the Poor instead. THE POOR AND THE PARISH WORKHOUSE. 1 7 18, June 5. Order?>. 1802, April 2. Repairs of the Church cost about ^1029. 1815, February 23. Estimate of Works perform'^ about the Church, Church Yard, Steeple, &c. £<)o^ exclusive of the Painters. 1819, June I. William Woodley chosen Overseer and Collector of the Poor Rate. Report. — Repairs of Roof and Gutters of the Church by the covering with new Lead & repairing the Boardings & Bearers thereof, &c., &c., ^600 or thereabouts. — Ordered. THE AFTERNOON LECTURESHIP. 1754, January 27. Agreed the Candidates to preach in Turns on Sunday aft" as was ballotted for in Vestry — Nine Candidates — Rev. M' Dodd as appears Vestry Minutes Ap : 15, was elected vice Watkinson. The Elect" was April 3rd. April 15. ^25 per annum be paid out of the Collect" Money to be gathered for the Reverend M'W"> Dodd" the present Lecturer towards the support of M' Watkinson the late Lecturer. The Ch : Wardens and their successors do pay the same to M' Watkinson at their discretion. 'The Rev. William Dodd was hanged June 27th, 1777, at Tyburn, for forging the signature of Lord Chesterfield to a bond for ^4,200. GG 2 228 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. As showing Dr. Dodd's popularity, the next entry is of interest — 1757, November 10. M' Collier should inform the Parishioners Sunday Morning next that the Churchwardens will give their attendance at the Church Door in Seething Lane on Sunday Afternoon between }^ past 2 and 3 to prevent the inhabitants being incommoded in getting to their Pews. 1 8 14, September 6. Ordered that a New Gown of princes stuff be provided for the use of the Sunday Afternoon Lecturer & that the same be kept for his exclusive use, in some proper & secure place. THE OFFICE OF CHURCHWARDEN. FINES. PLEADING TO BE EXEMPT. 1 7 16, April 17. Charles Sargison and Denis Lydell Esq"' having been chosen church Wardens in the last vestry for the year ensuing, appeared and desired to be excused from serving on account of their being Commiss'^ of His Mai""' Navy. The question was put whether they sh'' be excused &c., and it is passed in the negative. April 21. The Vestry did not confirm the orders of the last Vestry but excus"^ on their plea that it was impossible for them to serve in both capacities. 1721, October 5. Agreed that noe Person an Inhabitant of this Parish for the future (although he shall serve under Churchwarden) shall be excused serving of • Upper Churchwarden under a Fine of Twenty Pounds. 1772, April 20. John Bell \ & ! Chosen — Captain Christ' Burrows' Agreed that proper steps be taken to oblige Capt" Christ' Burrows to serve the office of Ch : Warden or to fine for the Same. The Captain pleaded exemption as a Younger Brother of the Trinity House. May 3. Entered on the minutes " the Case " and the two legal opinions thereon — D' Harris & D' Wynne thinks he is exempted. Adjourned Vestry from March 27 : — 1780, March 29. Philip Malett scruples to take the oath requir'' by Law to be taken in respect of such office or to appoint a deputy. He is sent for & his answer was he could not come. Agreed to proceed against him according to Law, THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 229 It is clear that Mr. Malett withdrew his objection, for in 1780, July, he presides being Churchwarden. 1801, April 2. The fine to be excused serving offices for this Parish be raised from ^30 to £so. 1805, April 18. James Court, Secretary of Trinity House, chosen Overseer; at first pleaded exempt, but being pressed fined (^50) 1805 September 17. THE CUSTODY OF THE KEYS OF THE COMMUNION PLATE CHEST AND OF THE CHEST CONTAINING THE PARISH DEEDS. 1814, March i. The Chest over the Plate Chest on the side of the Fire Place for the safe Custody of the Registers, Ordered it be referred to the Church Wardens to have a proper Iron Chest of sufficient size. The following was the opinion given by Counsel : — In General the Care & Custody of the Communion plate & other property of like the kind belonging to the Parish lied upon the Churchwardens, but as it is stated to be an Immemorial Custom in this Parish for the Rector to have a kind of joint custody of it by having a key of the place or places in which it is kept .... It seems very proper that the Rector should have a Joint Custody of the Parish Writings and the Sole Custody of the Register is given to him by the late Act on that subject, viz. : 52 Geo. 3"" 146 S 5 Signed J. M. Arnold, D' Commons. March 8* 18 14 April 14. It was Ordered that the Rector have the Keys he has been accustomed to possess of the Plate Chest and other enclosures in the Church and Vestry Room containing any of the parish property, agreeably to the above opinion. The following minute of Vestry seems to have been forgotten : — 181 1, January 27. It appearing to be the duty of the Upper Churchwarden to keep the Key of the Church Plate constantly in his own possession it is recommended by the Vestry to him so to do in future, and only to deliver it to the Beadle at such times as may be required for the Administration of the Sacrament. 230 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. AS TO THE RIGHT OF THE RECTOR OR THE PARISH TO BLACK CLOTH USED IN THE CHURCH. 1818, December i. That the Church be hung with black cloth of the best superfine — on the occasion of the death of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen — And further that it be retained for the use of the Parish. It was previously moved — but not seconded — that it be presented by the Ch w : as a gift to the Rector. 1 8 19, April I. Ordered that certain Cases and opinions taken in the year 18 18 by the then Ch : Warden Mr. Woollet relative to the right of the Rector to the Black Cloth being in the Church on a Public Mourning, &c. be entered in the Vestry Bk of this Parish. These are entered fols. 267 to 271 inclusive, all adverse to the Rector's claims. Where private individuals hang up black cloth in the Parish Church the Rector may have, according to custom, a right to it, but this point is not certain. LEVIES OF MEN FOR THE NAVY. In pursuance of an Act 35 George III (5th March, 1795) a certain number of men were raised in the several counties in England for the service of His Majesty's Navy. For the City and County of the City of London, 198 men were to be levied, and the following will show our contribution : — 179s, April 28. Mem-" At a Vestry held at the Parish Church of St. Andrew Undershaft, the 28* day of April 1795. Together with the Officers of the Parishes of St. Catharine Coleman and St. Olave Hart Street, concerning raising Eight Men for his Majesty's Navy, agreeable to Act of Parliament for that purpose. After some consultation the Gentlemen agreed to give Twenty-five Guineas Bounty, and the proportion of each Parish — as follows : St. Andrew Undershaft 3 men & 3/5 j[^()^ 10 o St. Catherine Coleman i man & 1/5 31 10 o St. Olave Hart Street 3 men & 1/5 84 o o ^210 o o Mr. Robert Taylor, Church Warden (of St. Olave's) kindly undertook to provide the said men, for which he received the Thanks of the Gentlemen then present. THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 231 Then follows an account of Mr. Robert Taylor's disbursements for procuring eight men, their names, and the amounts they were to receive. 1796, December 31. This Vestry was called for the raising of four men in pursuance of the same Act. It was agreed to offer a Bounty of Twenty Six Guineas each . . . . To be advertised in the " Daily Advertiser, " Publicans' Advertiser," & " County Chronicle." VESTRY MINUTES. WIDENING OF HART STREET AT NORTH WEST CORNER. 181 1, Jan. 27. Resolved that the Vestry do agree with the Committee in the Report, & refer it to them to take such further steps as may be necessary for carrying the same into execution. April 17. Resolv'i That it be referred to the Committee for the intended improvement in Hart Street, to consider whether it be practicable to widen the North end of Seething Lane by setting back the Burial Ground and the public house in line with the East India Warehouses, & to report their opinion thereon. POOR RATE. 1 7 16, June 14. Resolved to raise Eight Quarters for this year from 25 March 1 7 16 to 25 March 1717. Also in 1726, June 30, and 1728, June 26, the same mode of procedure was adopted. 1724, September 22. Poor's Rate — Six quarters for the present year. 1736-7) March 15. East India Warehouse to be rated at ^150 computed at one- third of the whole new built warehouse situate in this Parish and St. Catherine Coleman. The whole of this warehouse was pulled down a.d. 1890-91. 1789, March 11. Rates agreed to by the Parish & East India Company. New warehou.se 1080 Rest of AVarehouse- 884 ^1964 232 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. MISCELLANEOUS. 1709, December 9. Ordered that therebe a New Benefactors Table made, y^ old one being full and y" Henry Long Clarke do provid it. 1 7 10, May 24. A new Benefactors Table made and erected in som convenient place of the Church at the direction of the Minister and Church Wardens. 1 7 13, April 6. .\greed that Coll. James Porten be chosen one of y' Gen' of y= Vestry. Agreed that John Eyles Esqr be chosen one of y^ Gen' of y= Vestry. Three bearers (written Barer) were chosen forth, fifth, sixth. November 16. A five Q" Rate made for defraying expenses of beautifying & repairing the Church & Chanfsell. In the City of London according to custom, Parishioners repair the Chancel. 1 7 16, April 21. Henry Wood chosen Beadle — his Salary ;^6 a year and a Great Coate once in two years, and halfe a crown instead of a cap. 1727, April II. A new pulpit & gallery to be erected by subscription. The Vestry gives leave and desires the Rector and Mr. Samuel Curson to assist Mr. Churchman .... as to collecting the moneys subscribe' and to be subscribed and in the applicat" thereof. Here is a curious entry illustrative of a definition of gratitude : — 1745, June 26. Thanks to Mr. John Northcote for his good offices to the Parish in his Churchwardenship and for his future good offices he may do the Parish hereafter. 1761, January 15. Resolved that ^800 be asked of the City for all our estates at the end of and in the Gunpowder Alley, Crutched Friars. March 23. The City no right to purchase nor the Parish to sell. 1774. Two warming Machines (Buzaglo's stoves) placed in two Pews, expense ;!^65 . 4 . o. Voluntary Subscription. 1794, May 6. That the Monument of Sir Andrew Riccard Donor of the Living of this Parish be removed to a more conspicuous place in the church, and immediately put into execution. 1800, May I. Another removal of the statue ordered. 18 1 3, February 18. Resolved to petition H. of Lords and Commons against the claims of Roman Catholics to unlimited admission not only to Offices of High Trust & Power but even unto the Legislature itself THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 233 1814, March i. M' Goodhall (Ch. Warden) reported that the Rector had agreed to accept ;^io for reads the Prayers at the Thursday Lectures.— It was ordered that the s'* sum be p''. 1816, October 31. During the 6 winter months the Lecture ordered (the Rector consenting) to be at 6 o'clock instead of 3. There were 29 for the change and 3 against. It was from the i^' Sunday in Nov. till the last Sunday in April next ensuing. POOR RATE BOOKS (IN PAPER COVERS), BEGINNING WITH THE YEAR 1647. There is an interesting collection of Poor Rate Books, many of them in duplicate, the first dated 1647, the last 1700. They are missing, however, for the following years: — 1648, 1649, 1650, 1654, 1655, 1657, 1659, 1660, and 1661 ; the five years, 1665 to 1669 inclusive; three years, 1672 to 1674 inclusive; and 1678, 1690, 1692, 1695, ^nd 1698. The first is from the feast of Ester (sic) 1647 to y' said feast 1648. Several are not rated, as being "poore" or "very poore" ; others, "house voyd"; and one "a house fallen down to y° grounde." Lady Savage's house is not assessed, being converted into an " almeshouse or rather a stable." There were sixty-two " asseisments " at }4d. per week; only one at i2d. ; Andrew Riccard, and four or five others at 6d. The whole "asseisment" amounts to £16 2s. lyid. quarterly; yearly £6/^ 'is. 6d. The "disburse- ments" amount to £1^ 2s. 6d. quarterly; yearly ^56 lOi'. o^. "Likewise paid to y" poore of y" parish of Buttolph's without bishopsgate yssueinge out of y" s"* asseisement yearely — £6 55. od." At the end of this book, the assessment is said to be " by virtue of a Warrante beareing date June y" ffifteenth 1647 under the hands of y^ right Honor'''' Sir Jo. Geare' knight L'' Maior & Alderman of Allgate= Ward & Thomas Andrewes alderman of Tower Ward." Then follow Edward Goodinough and Thomas Teverill, churchwardens, and four others. ' Sir John Gayer left by will 1648, ;£'200, that on October i6th in every year a Sermon (the Lion Sermon) might be preached in St. Katharine Cree "in memory of his deliverance from the paws of a Lion in Arabia." ^In 167s, described as Aldgate and Aldegate. mi ^34 "THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. In 1651. The yearlie assessment is £,()2 . 06 . 6; To the poore of Buttolph's ;Q\o . 00 . 00. 1652. There are payments to 5 children "left in y^ pishe" three of whom are named Olave Hart, Eliz. Harte, and Marke Lane, respectively. Sir Jo" Wolstenholme's (house voyd) assessment 13^'. per quarter. M' Andrewe Riccard, Sheriffe, iij-. 7^. per quarter. 1653. Andrewe Riccard is Aide' [Alderman] : William Garfeild (whose name appears with W"" Arnold's on the largest Bell) assessed li-. 5^. per quarter. Lord Savage's house " voyd." Roberta Hart added to the list of foundlings ; the cost varies from ;^i . 12 . 6 quarterly for Mark Lane, to ^1.6.0 for Eliz. Harte. 1656. A foundling in y"= pish not yett named. j£,\ ,12.6 ffryer Chayne (mortuus). ^i .10.4 1656. The Commissioners for the Navye [mentioned for the first time in the assessment] p'' quarter ^\ \os. od. 1662. Sir John Harrison [the father of Lady Fanshawe] per quarter o . 10 . o. THE NAMES OF CHILDEREN MAYNTAYNED BY THE PARISH. 1658. Widd : Thornton in bedlame Mary marke clothes and all Amy Rilley with widow gouldings Elizabeth Navy with Day Clothes, &c. Richard Navy with goody henry Jux with goody bently Aded Edmon Rogers with Wido : grose Olive harte Clothes & all Sarah fryer Clothes & all John harte Clothes & all Aded Seisly Seethinge Clothes & all To be p"* quarterly somm Elizabeth Navye and Richard Navye occur among the names of children left in the parish. In 1663 Richard Navye w"' Goodde Osborn at £,\ %s. 6d. per quarter, and Marke Lane w' Gooddy Corner at jQi 10s. od. £ s. d. — 19 06 I IS — — 19 06 -I IS — -I IS — -I OS 06 — 13 — -I 17 — -I 15 — -I IS — -I 15 — -16 04 06 THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 235 1670. Costom house assessed at 10s., and Alex' Milbourne [in 1682 an overseer; he was of the same family as the founder of the Almshouses in Coopers' Row, see p. 292], at is. c)d. 1675. The Lady Riccard (in the room of Sir Andrew) 13^. per quarter. [Appears for the last time in 1683. In 1683 at gj-.] Near the end of the book is a memorandum as to the appointment by " Sir John Robinson Knight & Barr" & S' Thomas Allen Knight & Barr" " of Rich*^ Midleton and William Beake to be overseers and collectors for the poor of St. Olave Hart Street. Signed and sealed 12th June, 1675. Lord Brouncker's name appears, "Assessment los. per quarter." William, Lord Viscount Brouncker, the first president of the Royal Society after the granting of the Charter, joint Comptroller of the Navy with Sir W. Pen, is often mentioned in Pepys's Diary. In this year payments to nurses (Dickinson and thirteen others) fill several pages, and an item "paid the penshonrs." Total payments to nurses £i2)2> i.S-f- O'^- 1677. In this year's account the residences of the nurses are given, viz., at Enfeild, West Ham, Hodgsden (? Hoxton), Edmonton, the Strand, and Southwarke. 1679. An assessment is made with ye consent of the two aldermen "By Sir Rob' Knightley, Sir John Leithulier [and others] being subsidy men and substantial housekeep'' in y= pish of" S. O. H. together with the churchwardens. 1 68 1. The Great Backhouse is assessed at ?,s. per quarter. Aldermen Beckford and Chapman appoint the collectors. 1682. Dan" Milles 6d. per quarter, but James Hadley the parish clerk is exempt. 1684. Mad'"^ Bland for that which was the Navye Office [in Mark Lane, see chapter xvii, p. 295] iT,s. 4d. 1688. The Navy Office [in Crutched Friars and Seething Lane, see chapter xvii, p. 293], is assessed at £5 per quarter. There is a memorandum : — 1689. An Asessm' made. . . By us whose names are hereunto subscribed Dated the xxij June 1689, "In respect of great Arreares and Extraordinary Charges upon y= parish Its found nessessary that y^ poore booke be rated at six q"= paiments to be paide in foure qrtely paym'=- HH ? 236 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. There are no names subscribed to this memorandum. Mr. Allen is assessed at 3^-. per quarter, Mr. Allen the coffie man 3;-. 9^. In 1 69 1 there is a slight reduction, Mr. Allen 2S. 6d., Mr. Allen coffe house 3^. 6d. Mr. Hogflesh in the same year n^. 1696. The Navy Office is assessed at ^5 per quarter. 1697. At the end of the book eight receipts are signed by nurses with their mark: one receipt is for nursing and schoohng for one child per quarter £1 i^s. od. ; another for two children, nursing £2 12s. od. ; scooling & clothes 14.?.; total ;^3 6s. od. A great reduction on taking the charge of two children ; the schooling was probably as good as the nurses could give. 1699. The names of persons assessed and the amounts are given, but not the disbursements. Sir Clowsly Shovell appears in this list, and Sir Wm. Gore, each assessed at 12s. 6d., a much higher amount than the rest of the parishioners. A REGISTER OF DEEDS RELATING TO THE PARISH ESTATES. The Parish does not possess any very ancient documents relating to parish estates, but there are copies of early records preserved in a Register Book, begun in 1739, for entering the deeds and writings of the estates left to St. Olave's. The earliest, 34 Henry VI, 1456, is a Deed of Gift, in Latin and in English, of two messuages at Sydenham, "to be holden of the Cheife Lord or Lords of the fee, for the rents and services therefore, of right due and accustomed." The next relates to Walter Hull's benefaction, and is followed by several Indentures, from October 4th, 1560, with just the heading in Latin, but set forth at length in English. The Parish was, it seems, in danger of losing Hull's bequest, for his will was disputed by one Thomas Goddard, who produced a later will, as he alleged, and there is a long petition, the last document under the head of Hull's charities, from the Rector (Dr. Mills) and Churchwardens, no date, to Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor, to confirm the charitable bequests to the parish. The testamentary provisions were declared valid. In a lease, 1755, September 22nd, the messuage at Perry Slough (now Perry Vale) is stated to have been formerly called "by the name or signe of Jack at Robins." THE ACCOUNT AND MINUTE BOOKS. 237 Many of the Parish Deeds relate to the less important charities, such as those of Margaret Dean, Benjamin Smith, Richard Evans, etc., and there are many fohos filled with indentures and copies of wills in reference to William Thornbury's conveyance of five shops on the north side of St. Olave's Church, built immediately after the Great Fire. His will was proved 16 17-18. — P.C.C. Under an indenture, March 21st, 1666, one moiety of the rents was to apprentice poor children, one moiety to buy coals for the poor in winter, and there was a proviso for the estate vesting in the testator's heirs, etc., if the trusts were not carried out. I am unable to trace the further history of this trust ; as a matter of fact, Thornbury's name does not appear in the List of Benefactors to the Parish. Next after Thornbury, at the top of page 57, is " Seithing Lane," and there are copies of many indentures, the earliest, April ist, 1544, 36 Henry VHI, referring to two messuages in that lane, and forming part of the Baynham Charity. In a lease of one of these messuages, August 7th, 1616, 14 James I, occurs an interesting inventory carefully describing the glass (glass windows), from which I give the following extract : — "In the upper chamber next the street. Item, one fair glass window whole and unbroken containing ffour panes and a half of glass in the upper story, and so many below, one door serving to the said chamber." And so on, through the house, e.g., "in the upper chamber next the yard ; in the lower chamber next the street ; in the lower chamber next the yard." In the kitchen there is a minute description of the windows and the number of long panes, and little panes, etc. It should also be noticed that there are copies of an Indenture Tripartite, June i6th, 1572, 14 Queen Elizabeth, in which Mary Baynham conveys in trust five messuages to four inhabitants of Allhallows' Staining and St. Olave's Hart Street to pay the rents and profits to her in her lifetime, and afterwards with some specific bequests one moiety to the poor of each parish. 238 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFB'S HART STREET. There are several Deeds and Writings relating to the Hospital in this parish, founded by Viscount Sudbury (Lord Bayning), The follow- ing extract from this register is interesting : — Lord Bayning (the ffather) £, [died 29 July 1629.] 2000 ffunerall. Lord Bayning [died in i ffuneral charges fthe 638.] Son 1 £ 2000 3500 Alms. his Wife 30000 100 5° Christ. Barthol. his Daughter - his Mother 20000 50G0 50 St. Thomas. 4 Sisters 8000 30 20 Bridewell. Bethlem. his Bro. Newarks Debt his Bro. Dottors Debt 1 1000 100 Prisoners. Almshouse 3500 20 Bently. his Grandmo'' Glemham - 300 10 Manningtree. Sir Tho= Glemham 2000 5 Dedham. Doctor Glemham 200 S 1000 15000 Stoke. Hart Street. his wife with her Plate and Jewells. I M" Cressy Jno Stone Phill. Russell ■1 200 20 400 200 12000 7500 1 > Daughters Portions. Jane Gose - Ro. Haiward- 100 5° 7500 300 100 Wastells Children. To his ffriends and Servants. Geor. Pike Ric'' Simonds -1 5° 60 40 A ^ of his Lands to his Executors untill his Son should come at age with Money Stock and Goods with the Rents and Revenues of other Servants 2 Sisters St Paul's Oxford - 130 4000 200 300 300 his Lands and Tenements &c. fifour Books to be kept. Purchase of the Wardship. Christs Hospital Bartholomews Hospital Thomas Hospital Bridewell 100 5° 5° 5° 1000 Bethlehem 20 100 To his fifriends and Servants. Prisoners To Several Parishes 150 60 50690 7833° THE ADVOWSON. CITY TITHES. CHAPTER XIV. The advowson of the benefice of St. Olave^s. Names of former owners: Lady de Nevyll, Richard Cely, Lord Windsor, Sir Andrew Rtccard. Sir Andrew's gift of the advowson to the parish — now in the hands of Nine Trustees elected by the Vestry. Erection and endowment of St. Olave's, Mile End New Town., in iSjS. Explanation regarding the error "the Rectory of Si. Olave Hart Street with St. Nicholas ad Macellas." City Tithes : in 1228, a charge of Js. 4d. in the £1 on the rental of houses, shops, etc. ; in 1546, jy Henry VIII, a charge of 2s. gd. in the £l. Till 1794, the tithes of St. Olave'' s were under £300 a year. At the beginning of the present century. Dr. Butts Owen applied more strictly the provisions of j'/ Henry VIII. This matter definitely settled by the London ( City) Tithes Act, 1864. ,LTHOUGH we have a notice of a Parish Church in 1303, the earliest patron of whom we have any knowledge is Dame Margaret de Nevyll, who made three presentations to St. Olave's, in 1321, 1326, and 1332 respectively, and the patronage continued for a time in the same family. Alice de Nevyll, who presented Claypole in 1389, and Somerhill in 1391, appears to have been the wife of John de Nevill, who, according to Burke's " Extinct Peerage," was summoned to Parliament as Baron Neville [Nevyll] of Essex, from 22nd January, 1336, to loth March, 1349. At the time of his death, in 1358, he was owner of two parts of the Manors of Great and Little Wakering, Essex, and also, jointly with his wife Alice, of several other Manors. We learn, from Morant, of her death in 1394, which more than covers the date of her connection with the advowson of the benefice of St. Olave. Afterwards the Advowson belonged "to others," whom, Newcourt says, " I have not found, and many years after them to be in Richard Cely, 240 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. whom I take to be one of the builders of the church, and in his heirs female for near four-score years ; and after that, in the noble family of Windsor for near four-score years more." In 1633' Lord Windsor presented Abraham Hayne, who was admitted Rector, December 7th, in that year. Newcourt mentions Daniel Mills as the next Rector, admitted 1657, April 17th, in "the late times of usurpation by Commissioners for approving Publick Preachers," but at whose presentation Newcourt could not say. Before the date of Mills's admission, the Advowson had been purchased by Sir Andrew Riccard, and as appears by an Indenture made 1655, June 20 (Close Roll, 10 Geo. I, 1723, part iii b, Riccard et Tivell), Sir Andrew gave it in Trust to five inhabitant householders of the parish. The first Trustees were the said Andrew Riccard, Moses Goodyeare, Richard Ford, William Thornbury, and William Harrington. The rights of patronage were left untouched by Cromwell's Board of Tryers, and Daniel Mills was presented by the above mentioned Trustees. Lambeth MS., gg8, fol. 10. Newcourt gives the names of the three Trustees, who presented, in 1689, Thos. Copping, Mills's successor, viz., R. Knightly, miles, Tho. Gray, and Joh. Bear, Gen. plen. jtir. The Trustees have exercised their privileges as patrons ever since, with one exception, viz., in 1857, when they were unable to agree in nominating the same clergyman, and the presentation for that turn lapsed to the Bishop of London, Dr. Tait, who, passing over the three nominations severally made by the three Trustees, collated David Laing. On the living again becoming vacant in i860, the patrons were the same as in 1857, and on this occasion they agreed to present one of the former nominees, and on their presentation I was accordingly admitted by the Bishop of London on 27th December, i860. In 1870, in accordance with the provisions of Lady Slaney's Trust Estate Act, 1869, a scheme was framed for the union of Allhallows' Staining with St. Olave's, and confirmed by an order of Her Majesty in Council, 'In this year Lord Windsor sold to Edward, Earl of Dorset, K.G., two parts out of three parts of the Advowson for ;^200. [See copy Indenture, 14th December, 1633, 9 Charles I, in "The Register Booke for the entring of all the Deeds," etc., fol. 68.) THE ADVOWSON. 241 dated March 31st, 1870. From this date the Trustees of the Advowson of St. Olave Hart Street became the patrons of the United Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining. Under another scheme, in accordance with the London (City) Tithes Act, 1864, and by an Order of Her Majesty in Council, April 22nd, 1872, provision was made for the erection and endowment (^600 per annum) of a church in the Parish of All Saints, Mile End New Town. The new Church called St. Olave,' after what may be termed the parent Church, was consecrated April 23rd, 1875, by the Bishop of London, Dr. John Jackson, who preached from St. John vi, ^']. The Rector, who was the first patron, nominated the curate of St. Olave Hart Street, the Rev. Richard Eling Green, as the first incumbent.^ The Trust as created by Sir Andrew Riccard, continued in force until I St April, 1879, when, under a scheme of the Charity Commis- sioners, it was ordered that the Trustees should be nine in number, and instead of being self-elected, vacancies should be filled up at a General Vestry ; residence in the parish of St. Olave Hart Street no longer to be a necessary condition of trusteeship, and future presentations to be made by a majority instead of all being obliged to concur. ^ At this point it may be well to explain why no allusion has been made to "St. Nicholas ad Macellas." The benefice was for many years described as the Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street with St. Nicholas ad Macellas, and to the benefice, so described, I was myself admitted, Decem- ber 27th, i860. Indeed, on my adm^ission. Queen Anne's Bounty Office made a claim, in respect of St. Nicholas, for First-fruits (;^23 ']s. 6d.) and Tenths {£2 6s. gd.), the amounts in the "Valor Ecclesiasticus." An objection, however, was raised, and the claim was not pressed. I do not believe that the two parishes were ever united, and for this reason : — Stow tells us : " Then was there [in Farringdon Ward Within] a proper parish church of St. Nicholas, whereof the flesh market took the ' Mr. (now .^ir) Arthur Blomfield was Ihe architect and Adamson, of Putney, the builders. ^ The present Vicar is the Rev. Walter Bourchier, by exchange, instituted April 29th, 1886. ' London (City) Tithes Act, 1864, and Schemes relating to the Advowson are given in the Appendix. I I 242 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. name, and was called St. Nicholas Shambles. This church, with the tenements and ornaments, was by Henry VIII given to the Mayor and Commonalty of the City, towards the maintenance of the new Parish Church then to be erected in the late dissolved Church of the Grey Friars ; so was the Church dissolved and pulled down." — [Stow, p. ii8.] It is difficult to understand how a benefice, which was in Farringdon' Ward Within, could have been united with the parish of St. Olave Hart Street, in the Ward of Tower, which is in quite another part of the City. That the two parishes were so represented is certain ; but owing, I believe, to a clerical error, which is easily traceable. In the Liber Valorum, Ecton, 1754, we have the first intimation of their union, not, it will be noticed, under the form St. Olave Hart Street cum St. Nicholas ad Macellas, but as St. Nicholas ad Macellas cum St. Olave Hart Street. In an earlier edition, however, of the Liber Valorum, Ecton, 1723, the two parishes are given separately, in their alphabetical order, St. Nicholas first, then St. Olave. The error, therefore, seems to have arisen from the unauthorised insertion of "cum" in the later edition of Liber Valorum, 1754, and to have been repeated in the Liber Regis, Bacon, 1786, and subsequently. It was not, however, till 1837 that the error appeared in the Letters of Institution of the Rev. John Letts admitting him to the Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street with the Rectory of St. Nicholas ad Macellas, to which supposed united Rectories the two succeeding rectors have also been admitted. All rectors prior to Mr. Letts were instituted to the Rectory of the parish of St. Olave solely. The London Diocese Book, till 1893, perpetuated the error of inserting " St. Nicholas ad Macellas"; in that year's issue it omitted the name St. Nicholas, and gave the correct designation of the benefice, as the United Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining. CITY TITHES. In connection with the Advowson, it is fitting that something be said of the endowments of the benefice. The principal source of the endowments is what are called tithes, variable till 1864, but fixed then by Act of Parliament. CfTY TITHES. 243 The payment called "tithes," has in London and in many towns long been a charge upon houses, etc., for the benefit, and the support of the clergy, and originally seems to have been regulated with reference to the Sundays and Holy Days ; the amount varied, and there were from time to time complaints on the part of the citizens with reference to the number of Holy Days that were to be regarded as "days of obligation." In 1228 [Henry HI], Roger le Noir [Roger Niger], Bishop of London, made an order that " the citizens should pay of every pound's rent by the year, of all houses, shops, &c., the sum of 3^'. /^d., as time out of mind had been paid."' How long this order was in force is not known, but the statutable right of the City Rectors, where the parish church was not destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, to their tithes, dates from the thirty-seventh year of Henry VI H (1546). The substance of the preamble of the Act 2>7 Henry VIII, is that "of late time contention, strife, and variance hath risen and grown within the City of London and the Liberties of the same, between the Parsons, Vicars, and Curates of the said City, and the citizens and inhabitants of the same for and concerning the payment of Tithes, Oblations and other Duties; For appeasing whereof, a certain Order and Decree had been made by Thomas [Cranmer], Archbishop of Canterbury" and others, and this Decree received Parliamentary sanction in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII (a.d. 1536), as and from Easter, A.D. 1535, and the payments ordered were to remain in force till any other Order should be made by the King's Highness, and the thirty-two Persons to be named by the Archbishop. It further appears from the preamble, that since the aforesaid Act of 1536, "divers variances, contentions and strifes are newly risen" between the clergy and the citizens, and that both parties agree to be bound by any Order and Decree which should be made by Archbishop Cranmer and certain Lords and Knights, whose names are set forth. And then follows the enactment that such Order and Direction as shall be made before ist day of March ensuing, by the forenamed Arch- bishop, Lords and Knights, or any six of them, and enrolled in the King's High Court of Chancery of Record, should be binding upon all citizens, etc., for the time being, and the parsons and their successors for ever. ' Vide Hook's "Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury," vol. vi, new series, pp. 257-8, referred to in Dr. Cox's "Annals of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate," p. 46. I I 2 244 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET, By the Decree of 24th February, 1546, made law by 37 Henry VIII, cap. 12, the payment of 2s. gd. in the pound was enjoined. "And of every xx'- rent by the year of all and every such house and houses, shops, warehouses, cellars and stables, and every of them within the said City and Liberties — ij"- and ix"^"' It must be here observed that there are divers exceptions, all with a view of lightening the burden upon citizens. There are some words in the preamble which strangely contrast with what is known of the way in which the Decree worked in after times. It was to be enrolled, and to be as an Act of Parliament "to the intent to have a full Peace and perfect End between the said parties." In the Decree, the ugly phrase frequently occurs "without Fraud or Covin," and there are evident attempts at preventing evasions by means of fines, and reduction or remission of rent. The Act, however, preceded by a few years the Poor Laws of Queen Elizabeth's reign; it made the Parson the assessor, and the only remedy it provided was committal to prison of the defaulting tithe-payer, by command of the Lord Mayor, or in his default or negligence, by the Lord Chancellor of England. Still there was less friction in former than in later years. Solvitur amhilando was probably the principle upon which the parties proceeded. The clergy and their parishioners must contrive to live in tolerable harmony, and claims had to be abated, where to press them would have provoked alienation of friendship, and even to be foregone altogether in the case of the very poor householder. Moreover the exemption of "the houses of great men or noble men or noble women, and halls, or crafts, or companies, kept in their own hands and unletten," and the abatement of the third penny on dyehouses and brewhouses, etc., demised, and on every "principal house with key [quay] or wharf having any crane," and the legal validity of modus, would tend to reduce the parson's income. At any rate, in St. Olave's, we have evidence that, until about the close of the last century, the amount raised from tithes was less than ^^300 per annum. In an "Account of Tithes," in the handwriting of H. Butts Owen, D.D., Rector, which he bequeathed to his successors, there is this ' " The Statutes at Large," vol. v, p. 229. CITY TITHES. 245 memorandum on the first page : — " I was admitted to the Rectory on the 25th of April, 1794. I had been Curate of the Parish from Midsummer, 1786 : my Father was then Rector and had possessed the Hving from the 22nd of April, 1760: during his Incumbency the Rectory only produced from ^270 to ^290 per annum." Still, the Incumbent possessed the power of raising the value of the Living, under 2)7 Henry VIII, and Owen, the son, was not disposed to be content with the sum which his father had received. At first his claim was for a moderate increase, and it was frequently conceded ; when it was resisted, and the law was appealed to, upon judgment being given in the rector's favour, his claim to an increased tithe, but much below 2^. gd. upon the rental, was generally accepted, and, by degrees, St. Olave's became one of the most valuable livings in the diocese of London. The gain, however, was not without serious mischief, for the tithe question became a constant source of irritation between the rector and his parishioners. In this dispute it would be unbecoming in me to blame either of the parties ; the rector might fairly consider himself entitled to some increase in the tithe, having regard to the largely increased value of City property, and it was a fair case for compromise and settlement. The legislature in 1804, i.e., ten years after the admission of H. B. Owen to the rectory of St. Olave Hart Street, re-arranged the tithe payable to incum- bents which had been fixed by Act 22 and 23 Charles II, in those City parishes where the church had been damaged or destroyed by the Great Fire ; "- largely increasing, in some cases doubling, the amount of tithe to be levied. It left the incumbents and parishioners of the other City parishes to settle the tithe question as best they could under 37 Henry VIII. The Vestry minutes of St. Olave's during a number of years offer sad proof of the strained relations, to use a modern phrase, between the Rector and his parishioners. Vestry minutes illustrate the attempts made by the Common Council ' On the 1st September, 1666, there were 97 churches within the walls of London. 84 were burnt down in the Great Fire ; 13 were unburnt. Two of the 16 churches without the walls of London were burnt. — Strype, book V, chapter i, p. 15. Of the London churches that escaped the fire, eight are still standing, as mentioned in chapter ii, p. 13. After the Great Fire, 35 of the burnt parish churches were not rebuilt. The number of City churches is now (1894) 56. 246 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. and by the parishes to obtain a repeal of the Act, t^'] Henry VIII. A few extracts will here be given : — 1816, Dec. 3. The Vestry was called in pursuance of a Requisition to consider the propriety of signing a petition to H. of Commons against the present Tythe Laws as passed in the reign of Henry 8th. Rector in the Chair. Present, the Churchwarden & 8 others. For the Motion 4 Against it 3 Majority I 1822, Nov. 21. A Special Committee of the Court of Common Council had been appointed to obtain the co-operation of the Parishes liable to Tythes at 2S. gd. in endeavouring to obtain a repeal of Statute 37 Henry 8* and an improvement in the mode of assessing Tythes in London. The Committee request the Churchwardens of St. Olave's to meet them at Guildhall Wed^ Nov : 27, 1822. Resolif^ that the Churchwardens be requested to meet the Special Com"^' and to report to a future Vestry. 1822, Dec. 5. The Church Wardens bring up their report of the meeting at Guildhall. The Chairman at that meeting said the Committee disavowed any hostility to the Clergy ; it was desired that the Clergy should concur in the application to Parliament. The final result of the conference was an adjournment till the i2''> inst : when the Parties were requested to obtain the more positive determination of the Parishioners they represented as to a joint application to Parliament, [t was moved that no further proceedings be had at present. But an amendment was moved & carried (by 13 to 4) that the Churchwardens express the readiness of this Parish to co-operate with the Common Council in an application to Parliament. 1823, Ap' 2. Church Wardens reported that a General Meeting of the Parishes subject to 37 Henry VHI had been holden at the Mansion House & it had been resolved to present a Petition to the Legislature, but no further proceedings had taken place. 1824, Dec. 2"d A letter was read from the Town Clerk, enclosing a printed statement of the reasons which had been laid before the Special (Tithes) Committee of the Corporation, as a ground for the union of the several Parishes, in a joint application to Parliament for the Repeal or alteration of the Statute. Several Resolutions were passed with thanks to the Corporation for their liberal support and for the invitation to attend at Guildhall, Dec' ro"' next. A Committee is appointed to attend this Committee, and to confer with the Rector and the Trustees of the Advowson, with a view to an Act to be passed repealing all former Acts & effecting an arrangement, liberal to the Rector & mutually advantageous CITY TITHES. 247 1825, Jan. 4. The Vestry approves the Report of the Tithe Committee, & orders it to be printed & circulated in the Parish, & gives it ample powers to carry the substance of the Report into effect. It recommends a general application by the parishes affected. Ap. 25. To consider a communication from the Tythe Committee of Con- ferences had with the Bishop of London, & M' Secretary Peel regarding the Bill now before Parliament for regulating the Tythes of this Parish. 1825. The Tythe Com: report — The Bill has been read a first time. 1S25, June 16. The Second reading was agreed to (55 to 36) on an understanding that the full amount of Tithe now received by the present Incumbent sh'^ be secured to him. The Stipend for future Rectors to be arranged by the Committee upon the Bill. The Bill however proceeded no further. 1826, Jan. 26. The Committee recommended delaying to go to Parliament till all the consents are got, but to petition year by year against the present system. It is pleasant, however, to find, after much controversy upon the tithe question, an amicable feeling existing between the parishioners and their Rector, as shown in the following minute of a Vestry held, January 24th, 1828 : — " Resolved in consequence of the conciliatory conduct of D' Owen, the able and efficient manner in which he discharges the clerical duties, together with his advanced age, the petitions to Parliament be not presented." For thirty-six years the commutation was postponed, and it was reserved for a parishioner of St. Olave's, James Innes, Esq. (High Sheriff in 1893 of the County of Sussex), in the year 1863, to initiate, and in 1864 to see accomplished, a scheme which received legal sanction for settling the tithe question in St. Olave's and five other parishes, and for enabling, with certain consents, the parish of Allhallows Staining and four other parishes to make similar arrangements. There were several circumstances which contributed to facilitate a compromise. On the one hand, the tithe-payer knew that the re-assessment of the City, which was imminent, would show an enormous increase in the rateable value of property, and might very likely lead to further demands from the tithe-owner. On the other hand, the Incumbent felt that if he yielded to the not unnatural temptation to raise the value of his benefice, it would be at the cost of good feeling, and of moral and spiritual influence. 248 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Not the least important element in bringing about a settlement was the strong view entertained by the Bishop of London, Dr. Tait, as to the wisdom of removing a difficulty which was fatal to all harmony between a clergyman and his parishioners. It was apparent, too, that the conversion of residential into office property, tending to diminish the work of the clergyman, while it increased' his emoluments, and the fact that already poorer benefices in other parts of the diocese were being augmented at the expense of certain City parishes, constituted a claim on the part of such parishes to have the extent of their obligations ascertained once for all. And further, it was perceived that, notwithstanding the growing value of City property, if the amount of tithe were fixed, the tithe-payer would be liable to no additional charge. One fact may be mentioned in confirmation of what has been stated as to the prospective rise in the assessment. At the Easter Vestry, 1864, the rateable value of St. Olave's, Hart Street, was stated to be ^18,665 105-., less empties, &c., ^^538 — net value ^18,127 \os. od. At a Vestry held November 29th, 1866, the Poor Rate was made at \d. in the pound on the new assessment, net .1^52,554. The advantage, however, from a financial point of view, was not wholly on the side of the Parish. The Incumbent's income was secured to him independently of any reduction in the rental value of the Parish ; and free of all deductions except, of course. Property Tax. In the City Tithe Act, 1864, it will be noticed that the General Tithe Commutation Act, 1836, is followed, so far as the principle goes of making wheat, barley and oats the standard of value. This was introduced into the Act at the express wish of the Bishop of London, but there are important modifications which were adopted at the desire of the clergy. A copy of the Act is printed in the Appendix, and it may be allowable to state here, that this Act of 1 864 has worked so smoothly for thirty years as to reflect credit upon all who had a part in framing it. 1 d RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. CHAPTER XV. List of the Rectors of St, 0/ave's since the year Ijig. Further details concerning some of these, and length of their tenure, viz : — I. John Bosard, I3g8-I404 f ; 2. Richard Rawson, 1510-1518 ; J. John Johnson, 1530-155^; 4. John Simpson, iSQO-idjj ; S. John Frost, 1655-165'j ; 6. Daniel Mills, i6sT-i68g ; J. Henry Owen, i'/6o-i'/g4 ; 8. H. Butts Owen, 1794-183'/; g. John Letts, 1838-185/; 10. David Laing, i8s7-i86o. THE LIST OF NAMES TILL 1700 IS TAKEN, WITH BUT FOUR EXCEPTIONS,' FROM NEWCOURT'S REPERTORIUM. Names. Presented or Admitted. Cause of Vacancy. Patrons. I. Will, de Samford - was Rector in the II. Rob. de Tour year 1319 5 Id. Ap., 1321 ) III. Edw. de Castleton iSKal. Dec, 1326 per mort Tour j- Dom. Marg de Nevyll. IV. Joh. de Stratton 4Kal. Dec, 1332 V. VI. VII. Will, de Gildesburgh Hugo Claypole Will. Somerhill ' 30 Mar., 1389 12 Dec, 1391 - per mort Gildesburgh per resig. Claypole 1 D. Alice de Nevyll nu- \ per tix. D. I de Nevyll ( de Essex. vin. IX. Jo. Aston Joh. Bosard' 18 Mali, 1398 - 20 Nov., 1398- „ ,, Somerhill- ,, ,, Aston (Joh. Luffwick, Walt ] Rauf et alii. X. Ric. Chetyngdon '' was Rector in 1409 - ' The four exceptions are Chetyngdon, Hewet, Fenton and Frost. '' William de Samford's name as Rector of St. Olave's appears in an agreement which he made with the Prior of the Brethren of the Holy Cross (Crutched Friars) in 1319, see p. 252. 'Will. Somerhill, Vicar of Canwedon, Essex, 6th October, 1389, Rector of St. Olave's Hart Street, 12th December, 1391, by exchange with Claypole. *Joh. Bosard, Rector of Downham, Essex, became Rector of St. Olave's by exchange with Joh. Aston, 20th November, 1398. He had previously been Master or Warden of St. Giles's Hospital in Maldon, pr. 5th October, 1373. Bosard's will was proved in 1404. See pp. 54, 55. = Richard Chetyngdon is mentioned as Rector in 1409, Dno Rico Chetyngdon, one of the witnesses to the will of Jo. Stokes, 1409, December 31st. [Commissary Court, 2 Brown, fol. 17.] KK 2S0 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVB'S HART STREET. Names. Presented or Admitted. Cause of Vacancy. Patrons. XI. Laurence Hntiet or Hemet ' was Rector in 1418 - XII. Joh. Deye - „ „ 1428 XIII. Edni. Haukin 8 Jan., 1428 per resig. Deye / Tho. Fauconer civis et XIV. Rob. Potter 20 Junii, 1432 - ,, ,, Haukin 1 Aldermanus Lond. XV. Joh. Saclington 9 Junii, 1438 „ „ Potter \ Isabella, Rel. Rob. XVI. Clem. Denston, D.B, 22 Jan., 1442 ,, ,, Sadington ( Arnold civis Lond. XVII. Ric. Corston " - 30 Oct., 1444 ,, ,, Denston XVIII. Rob. Gower II Maii, 1457 per mort Corston [ Ric Cely, civis Lond. XIX. Tho. Benet, A.M. 28 Aug., i486 - ,, ,, Gower XX. Ric. Rawson, D.D.- 9 Oct., 1510 ,, ,, Benet ( Walt. Frost, arm. jure XXI. George Wilffet, A.M. 16 Junii, 1518 - per resig. Rawson \ Anna ux. sua. XXII. Will. Chamberlain, A.M. 24 Apr., 1528 - „ „ Wilffet 1 Joh. Ketylby.j)?/ An7ice f filiaethcer. Ric Cely. Anton Coke et Elizab. ejus itxor, secundafilia et una haredum, Ric. XXIII. Joh. Johnson 8 Aug., 1530 ,, ,, Chamberlain Cely defuncti. Will. D. Windsor, «/zn XXIV. Thos. Walpole- 2 Dec, 1557 - per mort. Johnson - secund Turno stw pro hac vice. Id. D. Windsor, ut in XXV. Rad. Bentley 25 Nov., 1558- ,, ,, Walpole ■ secundo Turno suopro hac ultima vice. XXVI. Tho. Hale, A.M. ' 4 Dec, 1583 „ ,, Bentley j Ric. Baker, miles, pro \ hac vice. Andreas Windsor,a/-/«. ratione concessionis XXVII. Joh. Sympson, A.M. 9 Dec, 1590 per resig. Hale < advocationis per Hen- ricum Dom Windsor, pro hac vice tantum. XXVIII. Abraham Hayne, A.M. ' - 7 Dec, 1633 per mort. Sympson Tho. Dom. Windsor. XXIX. Thos. Fenton I June, 1655 f Andrew Riccard, Esq. i LambethMS.<)o^,fo.\aTi ' Laurence Howet is mentioned as Rector in 1418, in the will of Willmus Wyngefeld, armiger, of County Suffolk, who appoints Laurence Howet Rector of the church of St. Slave in Mart Lane one of his executors. Laurence Hewet is named as Rector in the will of Elizabetha Keryall comorans in paroch. S. Olavi iux turrim in civ. Lond. She gives for tithes forgotten, &c., vj= viij"' and appoints as executors Sir John master of the College of Cobham, and Sir Laurence Hewet. Both wills, P.C.C, 43, March. See also the will of Laurence Hewete, rector, dated 19th August, prob. 4 Id. September, 1427. "He directs his body to be buried here" [in St. Olave's church] ex dextra pte altaris ubi quidm miles jacet humatus. " Quidm miles" probably refers to Sir Hamond Vaughan, Knight, see p. 63. ^ Joh. Deye resigned Broxbourne, and was admitted to rectory of Sheering, Essex, in 1396 ; was rector of St. Bartholomew by the Exchange, 1399-1410; Chesterford Magna, 1426-1438; St. Olave Hart Street, I427?-I428. ' Richard Corston to be buried in this Church. See will dated 5th April, 1457. ■■Tho. Hale, rector of Beaumont, Essex, 14th August, 1591, per mort. Harrison, resigned 1599; vicar of Tolleshunt d'Arcy, loth January, 1633, per mort. Honnake, and still vicar when the Terrier was given in 1637. "Abraham Hayne was, for his loyalty in the late Rebellion of 1642, ejected by sequestration. Merc. Rust. 256. Newcourt refers to Mercurius Rusticus, issued anonymously in 1685. Bruno Ryves, D.D., was the author. The Register indicates that Hayne was buried in the chancel of St. Olave's :--" 1650, March 29. Mr. Abraham Hane, y» Reverend Pastor was interred— chancell." See p. 188. On Hayne's deprivation John Carter may have been put in possession, as the following entry implies that a Mr. Carler was minister of St. Olave's prior to Fenton's appointment on 1st June, 1655:—" 1654-5, Jan. 13. John: sonne of John & Elizabeth Carter ye daughter of David Holland Esq-^ {his wife), was borne ye 1° of Januav, Bapt 13"' in M'- Carter's ye Minister's house." See p. 156. RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. 251 Names. Presented or Admitted. Cause of Vacancy. Patrons. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. John Frost, B.D. Dan. Mills, D.D. ' Tho. Copping, A.M. - Joh. Turton " XXXIV. Edwd. Arrowsmith^ XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. Henry Owen, M.D. Hy. Butts Owen, D.D. John Letts, B.A. David Laing, M.A.- Alfred Povah, M.A.= 21 Sept., 1655 - 17 April, 1657- I Nov., 1689 n Oct., 1704 - 20 Aug. , 1 720 - 26 April, 1760- 25 April, 1794- 5 Jan., 1838 20 Oct., 1857 27 Dec, i860 - per mort. Frost ,, ,, Mills ,, „ Copping ,, ,, Turton ,, ,, Arrowsmith per resig. H. Owen ■ per mort. 11. B. Owen ,, ,, Letts ,, ,, Laing Andrew Riccard, Kic. Ford, Wm. Harring- ton, and Wm. Thorn- bury,merchants. Lam- beth MS. g<)6,/oI.244. Andrew Riccard, Moses Goodyeare, Rich. Fford, Wm. Thome- bury, and Wm. Har- rington. Lambeth MS. <)<)%, fol. 10. R. Knightly, miles, et Tho. Gray, et, Joli. Bear, gen. plen.jur. William Gore, miles, Richard Haddock, John Sansom, armi- geri, Tho. Fryer, gen. Thomas Fryer, John Hanbury, Samuel du Bois, Richard Boul- ) ton, John Ludlow, ( armigeri. !Thos. Dineley, Ed- mund Godfrey, Thos. Langton, George Wombwell, Thos. Flowerdewe. [ Quarles Harris, Joseph j Shrimpton, John Tra- I vers, Samuel Flower ( Freeman, esquires. ( John Wm. Burkes, I Henry Robinson, Nicholas Dennys, John Woodley, Thomas Morgan. The Bishop for this turn by lapse "collated and instituted." Joseph Turnley, Henry Johnson, Richard Williams. ' " Was admitted to this Church in the late times of usurpation, by the Commissioners for approving of Public Preachers, but at whose presentation I know not." Newcourt, vol. i, p. 512. 2 Tho. Copping is the last name in Newcourt's List. The present Registrar, Mr. Lee, has kindly enabled me to complete the list. 'John Turton. Administration of goods of John Turton, S.T.P., late rector, a widower, granted i8th July, 1720, to his daughters, Catharine, wife of Edward Williamson, now beyond seas, and Anne Turton, spinster. * Edward Arrowsmith was Curate of Streatham for the Bishop of Bangor. The newspapers of the day assert that, upon being appointed to the Rectory of St. Olave's, he was refused admittance by the churchwardens, who entered a caveat against his election at Doctors' Commons ; he is, however, said by the Parish Clerks to have been Incumbent in 1732. The Vestry Minutes give the explanation. In 1720, July 21st, the Churchwardens were to supervise and inspect into the Presentation, and August 4th they made their report, and the Vestry was satisfied as to Rev. Mr. Edward Arrowsmith having been duly elected by the Trustees. The Churchwarden was directed to withdraw the caveat. Arrowsmith published Sermons preached, 1724, May 29th, from Psalm cxxvi, 3; 1735, the day of H. M. Accession, from Romans, xiii, I, upon "The Reasonableness and Origin of Governm'ent ; " 1737, January 30th, from Romans, xiv, 19; 1744, the Fast for the Spanish and French War, from 2nd Samuel, x, 12 ; and 1745, the Fast-day from Isaiah, xxvi, 9. See Malcolm's Lond. Rediv., vol. iv, p. 551. = Proceeded B.D. and D.D. by accumulation May 23rd, 1890. KK 2 252 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The first Rector of whom we have any knowledge is William de Samford, whose name is preserved in a document in the London Registry, which Is entitled " Baudake or de Baldock," the name of the Bishop of London in 1 306. See Newcourt, Preface, p. iv. "By an ancient composition made in 1319 between Will de Samford the Rector of this parish, and the Prior and Brethren of the Holy Cross; whose Priory was then building in this parish, the said Prior and Brethren were to bury any of the parishioners of this parish in their monastery, that desired there to be buried, and to pay Two marks and a half per annum to the said Rector and his successors for ever, in compensation of the damage that might accrue to them upon the Building of the said Priory in their Parish." Newcourt's Repertorium, p. 511. In this chapter I am obliged to restrict attention to a few names that seem to deserve special notice, but the reader will look in vain for the promotion of any of my predecessors to a bishopric. Of John Bosard, who was admitted in 1398, mention has been Bosard. already made, p. 55, and some extracts given from his will illustrative of the Church and its arrangements at that early period ; but it is not until the beginning of the sixteenth century that we meet with any rector of excep- tional interest. In Richard Rawson, D.D., admitted October 9th, 15 10, Rawson. we have a man distinguished as a theologian and canonist. Descended from an ancient family, seated at Water Frystone, in Yorkshire, he was the fourth son of Richard Rawson, merchant, of Allhallows', Barking, elected Alderman of Farrlngdon Without in 1475 ; Sheriff, 1476 ; Senior Warden of the Mercers' Company, 1483 ; and buried in St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street. Richard Rawson, junior, took the degree of Bachelor of Canon Law in the University of Cambridge, 1490, and afterwards studied at Bologna, where he proceeded, it would seem. Doctor in that faculty. Cooper makes him, March 24th, 1504-5, Prebendary of Langford Ecclesia (Lincoln), and in 1509 Prebendary of Coringham in the same cathedral, and of Durnford (Sarum). Le Neve states, however, that John, alias Richard Rawston (distinguished in the index from Rd. Rawson), was collated to Langford Ecclesia; and Richard Rawston, LL.D., to Coringham. In 1 5 10, October 9th, Rawson was admitted to the Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street, on the presentation of Walter Frost, armiger, in right of Anna his RECTORS OF ST. OLAFE'S, HART STREET. 253 wife. He held this benefice till 15 18, and then resigned it. Shortly afterwards we find him in favour at Court, and he had the honour of attending Henry VIII as His Majesty's Chaplain at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, Calais, June, 1520. Further promotion soon followed, for, by patent, 1523, January 28th, he was constituted one of the Canons of Windsor, and, in the Parliament of 1523, by the title of Sir Richard Rawson, he was appointed a Receiver of Petitions for Gascony, and other parts beyond the seas. Some six years afterwards Rawson was one of the learned canonists and jurists who, in the Convocation of 1529, gave their opinion as to the King's divorce from Catherine of Arragon. In 1 53 1 he held the office of Clerk of the Chancery. He was in Ireland in 1534 with his eldest brother, Sir John Rawson, Prior of Kilmainham and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, and was despatched by him in that year, to convey to the King tidings of the murder of Allen, Archbishop of Dublin. We also find him in Convocation, 1540, concurring in the judgment against the validity of the King's marriage with Anne of Cleves The exact date of his death is not ascertained, but it occurred before October 29th, 1543.' See Cooper's Athense Cantabrigienses, vol. i, p. 82. Of John Johnson I know little, except that he was admitted to Johnson. St. Olave's in 1530, and to the Rectory of Itchingfield, in Sussex, in 1546; that he held both benefices from 1546 to 1557, and remembered both his churches in his will, 1557, September 30th. ^ Here is a brief extract: — " I desire to be buried before the Highe Alter of Saincte Olyves. I will that on the dale of my buriall I have sixe preists and four clearkes to synge Dirige and masse, and the same preists to sale masse of the Trynytie, of the holie Ghoste, of the Assumpcon of our Ladie, and of the feaste Corporis Christi, and to have foure tapers burnt and sixe staf torches. Itm I give to the pishe Churche of Saint Olives iij' iiij'' ... Itm to the pishe Churche of Ichyngfeld," etc., etc. Passing over the next three Rectors, the name of John Simpson, Simpson. M.A.^ (or Sympson) occurs as deserving of mention. He was admitted on December 9th, 1590; and became a Prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral ' "On this day Mowle was collated to the archdeaconry, void by Rawson's death." See Le Neve's " Fasti." ^ P.C.C. 35 Wrastley. ' He afterwards proceeded B.D. 254 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVKS HART STREET. (Hoxton), February 22nd, 1605. I regret that so little of his life is known ; but, as long as Sion College exists, he will be remembered as the founder of the library which is coeval with it.' He was one of the executors of the founder of the College, Dr. Thomas White, and by its charter John Simpson was appointed one of the first two Deans. At his own charge, Simpson built a room one hundred and twenty-one feet in length, and twenty-five feet in breadth, over the lodgings of the almsfolk, lined it with wainscot, and fitted it with stalls, desks and seats ; and added for its main- tenance an endowment in land. Not content with providing a library for students, he attracted students to the library by building sets of chambers along the south side of the College garden. These unhappily were destroyed in the Great Fire, 1666. They were rebuilt, but the College was too poor to carry out the original intention, as in granting building leases, to insert clauses restricting tenants to a particular class, would have lowered the rental. Still, during the brief existence of those chambers for students, it is interesting to notice that one set was occupied by Thomas Fuller,^ (in the judgment of Coleridge) " incomparably the most sensible, and the least prejudiced great man of an age that boasted a galaxy of great men." During the Commonwealth, patrons exercised their rights of presen- tation, subject only to the presentee being approved by a Board of Tryers. Newcourt omits two incumbents of this period. One of these is deserving of special notice: — John Frost, B.D., late Fellow of St. John's Frost. College, Cambridge. A number of select sermons, preached by him upon special occasions, was published by his widow in 1658, with two very creditable exercises in Latin : " De tota Christi justltia credentibus impu- tata," and " Fides justificat sub ratione instrumenti," read before the Regius Professor of Divinity. I may mention that on the title pages of the Sermons Frost is not described as Rector of St. Olave's, but sometimes as pastor, sometimes as preacher, in Olave's, Hart Street. How greatly he was ' Sion College and its valuable Library were removetl from London \\'all to tlie Victoria Embankment in 1886, and I shall be pardoned for here recording that I had the i>rivilege, as Tresident, of laying the Memorial Stone in 1885, in the presence of Dr. Temple, the newly appointed Bishop of London, \'isitor of the College, and a large number of the Fellows. ^At (he end of his " Preface to the Reader,'' in Fuller's Church History of Britain, 1655, below the signature " Thomas Fuller," is the address—" From my Chamber in Sion College." RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. 255 beloved by his people is shown by the entry in the Bur. Reg. : — " 1656, Nov. 4. M'' John ffrost, Batchlor of Divinitye, the much Lamented pastor and good Shepheard of this Parish, was decently interred — chancell." I do not know that Daniel Mills, admitted April 17th, 1657, was Mills. remarkable in any way, but from being frequendy mentioned in Pepys's Diary, though not always with commendation, his name has become widely known. His patrons were, as appears from Lambeth MS., 998, fol. 10, Andrew Riccard, Esq. (not yet knighted), and four others, merchants, and he was admitted rector 1657, April 17th. In 1667, June 26th, he became Rector of Wanstead, in Essex (patron. Sir Robert Brooks), which living he held, as well as that of St. Olave's, until his death in 1689. A few extracts from the Diary will be interesting. Pepys's first impressions were very favourable, for, 1660, August 19th (Lord's day), "This morning Sir W. Batten, Pen, and myself, went to church to the churchwardens, to demand a pew, which at present could not be given us ; but we are resolved to have one built. So we staid and heard Mr. Mills, a very good minister." 1661-62, January 19th (Lord's day), Pepys records his opinion of a sermon, with Calvinistic views, as we should term them. "To church in the morning, when Mr. Mills preached upon Christ's being offered up for our sins, and he did make such a sermon that I could have wished he had let it alone." 1662, July 9th : " Then came Mr. Mills to see me." Pepys is offended, because he had often been to see Sir W. Batten and others. " However," he says, " I used him civilley, though I love him as I do the rest of his coat." 1667, June 2nd. Pepys has been with Mr. Mills to Sir W. Coventry, to obtain for Mills a form of qualification for the Duke of York (whose chaplain he was) to sign, to enable him to have two livings; "which was a service I did against my will, for a lazy, fat priest." There are so many references by Pepys to this rector's sermons, and the notices in 1660 are so much more appreciative than those of later years, that we may be excused for thinking that the judgment of the Diarist was warped by his feelings. 1666, April 29th (Lord's day). " Up and to church where Mr. Mills, a lazy, simple sermon upon the Devil's having no right !=;6 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. to anything in this world." He is fond of applying the epithet "lazy" to his rector's sermons; but 1666, October loth (Lord's day), "Mr. Mills made an unnecessary sermon on original sin, neither understood by himself nor the people." The following may possibly account for some of the unfavourable criticism of the Diarist. "1667, Sept. 15 (Lord's Day): Mr. Mills preached, and after sermon, by invitation he and his wife came to dine with me, which is the first time they have been in my house, I think, these five years," adding, " I thinking it not amiss, because of their acquaintance in our county, to show them some respect, Mr. Turner and his wife and their son dined with me, and I had a very good dinner for them and very merry, and after dinner, Mr. Mills was forced to go, though it rained, to Stepney, to preach." I now come to the name of Owen, which was associated with the Owen, rectory of St. Olave, Hart Street for seventy-eight years. The father, Henry Owen, M.D., F.R.S., was instituted April 22nd, 1760. Here is a brief sketch of his career : — He was " the son of a gentleman, of genteel estate," whose house was situate at the foot of Mount Cader-Idris, near Dolgelly, where his son Henry was born 17 16. He was educated at Ruthin Grammar School, in Denbighshire, and was ad- mitted of Jesus College, Oxford, where he proceeded M.A., 1743 ; M.B,, 1746; M.D., 1753. He practised as a physician for three years, when, as neither his feelings nor his health would suffer him to continue in that pro- fession, he entered into holy orders. He was chaplain to Sir Matthew Featherstonehaugh, and was presented by him to the vicarage of Terling, in Essex. Shortly after his presentation in 1760 to the rectory of St. Olave, Hart Street, he became chaplain to the HENRY OWEN, M.D. RECTORS OF ST. OLAFE'S, HART STREET. 257 Bishop of Llandaff, who had been canon residentiary of St. Paul's, and ultimately was Bishop of Durham. In 1769, 1770, and 1771, he was Boyle Lecturer. The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's presented him in 1775 to the vicarage of Edmonton. On September 3rd, 1760, he married Miss Mary Butts, daughter of the Bishop of Ely (previously Bishop of Norwich), by whom he had one son, Henry Butts Owen, his successor at St. Olave's on his resignation, April, 1794, and several daughters, all of whom survived him. A posthumous volume of Dr. Owen's sermons was published for their benefit, 1797, and so liberally patronised by the friends of the deceased and the general public, as to produce about ^1,000. From Robinson's "Edmonton" we learn that Henry Owen, M.D., F.R.S., was instituted as vicar, 15th January, 1776, post, mort., William Pickney, and died in 1795. His tomb in Edmonton churchyard bears the following inscription : — "On the 15 October 1795, in the 80th year of his age, ceased to be mortal, Dr. Henry Owen. Many years vicar of this parish. ' Manet post funera virtus.' " The following is a list comprising all, or the most important, of Owen's works. {See Darling's " Cyclop. Bibl."] 1. "A Treatise on Trigonometry" 1748 2. "The Intent and Propriety of the Scripture-Miracles Considered and Explained." In two parts. Part the first treats of the Miracles recorded in the Old Testament, part the second treats of those contained in the New 8vo. Lond. 1755 3. " The Intent and Propriety of the Scripture-Miracles Considered and Explained in a Series of Sermons, preached 1769, 1770, 1771, for the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle." 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1773 4. " Observations on the Four Gospels," tending chiefly to illustrate the times of their publication, and to illustrate the form and manner of their composition 8vo. Lond. 1764 5. " An Enquiry into the Present State of the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament" 8vo. Lond. 1769 6. " The Modes of Quotation used by Evangelical Writers Explained and Vindicated" 4to. Lond. 1789 LL 258 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. . " Directions for Young Students in Divinity, with Regard to those Attainments Necessary to Qualify Them for Holy Orders." Fourth edition 12 mo. Lond. ." Sixteen Sermons on Various Subjects " 8vo. Lond, Other works are : — 1790 1797 "Critica Sacra; or, a Short Introduction to Hebrew Criticism." 8vo. 1744. Supplement 1775 " Critical Disquisitions on Origen's Hexapla, &c.'' 8vo. Lond» 1784 His son and successor, Henry Butts Owen, D.D., appointed rector Owen, h. b. upon his father's resignation in 1794, was educated at Merchant Taylors' School ; elected Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, and proceeded D.D. 1805. In 1 79 1 he was Lecturer at Allhallows' Barking, at which church he married, 1794, May 6th, Mary Twedale, of Greeting, All Saints, Suffolk. He was at one time Rector of Throcking, Herts. His death occurred 1837, December ist, aged 74, " having administered to the Parish in the offices of Curate and Rector for upwards of fifty years." The name of John Letts has been Letts, already referred to in connection with the restoration of St. Olave's Church, in which he may be said to have taken the initiative in 1853, by the removal of the two side galleries. And last of all, and not the least Laing. worthy to be noticed, is my immediate predecessor, David Laing, M.A., F.R.S. I have no information as to his early life, except that he was the son of a Jamaica planter, whose fortune suffered in consequence of the emancipation of the slaves. He became, however, one of the best known and most highly esteemed clergymen in the diocese of London. For many years he was chaplain to St. Ann's Asylum, and for the use of the children he wrote catechetical lessons JOHN LETTS, B.A. RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. 259 on the Prayer Book, and another little work treating of " the One Mind throughout the Bible." He was also for some time chaplain of the Middlesex Hospital. Two of the great works of his life, from a philanthropic point of view, were the Governesses' Benevolent Institution, and the North London Collegiate School for Girls. From an article in the "St. James's Magazine," July, 1862, it appears that the former Institution had been started in the year 1841, but for a time made very little progress. In March, 1843, Mr. Laing consented to become Honorary Secretary. For one year his own house was the only office, and his wife his only assistant, and such was his capacity for or- ganization, that the whole framework of the Society was arranged, and, while some por- tions of it sprang at once into activity, the others were never lost sight of' The entire scheme embraced : — i. Assistance to ladies in temporary distress. 2. Annuities for those past work. 3. A Provident Fund for self-provided Annuities, including also a Savings' Bank. 4. A Home for the disengaged. 5. A system of registration, free of all expense. 6. An Asylum for the aged. 7. A College, to give a good and inexpensive education, and to grant certificates to those properly qualified. The other work to which we have referred, viz., the North London Collegiate School for Girls, — perhaps suggested by the establishment of a similar school for boys founded by Rev. Wm. C. Williams, D.D., — was greatly indebted to Mr. Laing for his advocacy of its claims. Owing to the action of the Brewers' Company in developing the North London Collegiate School, in preference to founding one of their own, this school for Girls has since become a high grade school. A second school was in ' The Institution during the last thirty years has been growing, till the annual receipts, as shown by the Report for 1893, reached the sum of £m,']Z2 is. lld.; exclusive of the Provident Balance and Receipts, ;rf 11,929 IS. od. Mrs. Laing undertook the Secretaryship after her husband's death, and carried on the work with ability to the end of her life. LL 2 DAVID LAING, M.A., F.R.S. 26o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. time instituted, the Camden School for Girls, subsidised to the extent of ^3,000, and by an annual payment for Scholarships by the Clothworkers' Company, as well as by the Brewers' Company. Mr. Laing's great work as a London clergyman was begun in June, 1847, when he undertook the charge of a district in the parish of St. Pancras. " I was not aware," he writes in a pastoral letter, ist February, 1850, "that I knew a single individual of all the 9,000 amongst whom I came to work. ... I undertook the charge wholly unhelped." He began by securing a disused office of the London and North Western Railway, and this he fitted up for holding services and a Sunday school. In due course the Church of Holy Trinity was built, and three young men of the congregation made themselves responsible for a sum of ^3,000. Mr. Laing felt, however, that the burden was greater than they ought to bear, and generously took it upon himself, insuring his life for the amount. His former curate' writes, that he believes Mr. Laing expended in the services and various works of the Church and parish the whole of the income of the benefice, which was derived from pew rents, and to maintain himself trenched very largely on his capital. Mrs. Laing also, to the full extent of her private means, contributed liberally. In 1857, however, the strain had become almost too severe, and it must have been a great relief when the Bishop of London (Dr. Tait), becoming patron for that turn by lapse, promoted Mr. Laing to the Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street, the income, however, being lessened by an appropriation during his incumbency of ^500 per annum to the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate. In the brief period of his City incumbency, he devoted himself, often in much pain of body, to whatever his hand found to do. The population had not then decreased as it has since, and many of the houses now used as office property contained poor families. Mr. Laing's love of children led him at once to establish a Sunday school for their benefit. He preached a series ' For this sketch of Mr. Laing's career I am indebted to Rev. Alfred J. Buss, now vicar of St. James's, Curtain Road, who was, during Mr. Laing's tenure of the parishes of Holy Trinity and St. Olave, his faithful and devoted colleague, and for upwards of forty years has Ijccn connected with the North London Collegiate School. RECTORS OF ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. 261 of sermons on the Prayer Book, at the Thursday Lecture founded by Walter Hull, in St. Olave's, which were published in the " Ptdpit," and there are also occasional sermons of his which were printed. In August, i860, however, the call to an eternal rest came, and after an operation for stone, his rallying power failed, and on the 9th of that month he fell asleep in Jesus. He was buried in Highgate Cemetery, where his funeral, as the monument in St. Olave's records, was attended by " nearly 7,000 persons, who had learned to love and honour him." SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH OF ST. OLAVE. CHAPTER XVI. Memoirs of : — I. William Turner, M.D. {1510 ?-i568); Dean of Wells in Edward SixtKs reign; displaced in reign of Queen Mary; replaced on the accession of Queen Elizabeth; Theologian and Botanist ; The " New Herball^'' the earliest scientific work on Botany by an English writer. 2. Sir James Deane [1545-1608), successful merchant ; his bequests and benefactions. 3. Sir John Mennes [_Minns^ (I5pp-l6yi) ; Vice-Admiral \_Hypothalassiarcha, see Monument, p. 81']; Chief Comptroller of the Navy ; Master of the Trinity House Corporation; Poet. 4. Samuel Pepys [idjj-iyoj); Clerk of the Acts, 1660 ; became a parishioner of St. Olave''s, I'jth July, 1660 ; Secretary to the Admiralty, l6yj ; Master of the Trinity House, i6y6 and 1685 ; Master of the Clothworkers' Company, idyj ; President of the Royal Societv, 1684 ; Diarist; some details concerning Pepys and his Diary. WILLIAM TURNER, M.D. (i5io?-i568). fT is impossible, within the limits of this work, to do more than give a biographical sketch of a few names of note connected with the Parish. The first name upon which I propose to write a short memoir is distinguished in science and theology. William Turner was a native of Morpeth, in Northumberland, and was educated at Cambridge under the tuition of Bishop Latimer, and became one of the early Puritans. Strype says, " he was an antient Gospeller, contemporary, fellow-collegian, and friend to Bishop Ridley, the martyr. He was Physician to Protector Somerset." His epitaph records S02JE NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH. 263 his having been Dean of Wells, not uninterruptedly however. He was appointed Dean about 1550 in the reign of Edward VI, John Goodman having been deprived. Soon after Queen Mary's accession he lost his Deanery, and Goodman regained it, but on the accession of Queen Elizabeth "the powers that be" smiled on him again and he was re-instated. He bears an honoured name in the literature of Europe, and attained distinction in several branches of knowledge. In an age when there was an absolute dearth of books relating to zoology, it is no slight merit that Hallam ascribes to him, when he records that "no work of the least importance, even for that time — 1520 to 1550 — can perhaps be traced in Europe on any part of that subject, before the 'Avium praecipuarum historia' of our countryman Turner, published at Cologne in 1548, though this is confined to species described by the ancients. Gesner, in his 'Pandects,' which bear date in the same year, several times refers to it with commendation. Gesner may be said to make great use of it; a high compliment from so illustrious a naturalist." — Hallam's "Literature of Europe," vol. i, p. 466. Turner, however, achieved far higher distinction in the science of botany than in that of zoology. In enumerating several names " still respected and several books that have not lost their utility," the first mentioned by Hallam is that of "our countryman Dr. Turner, who published the first part of a new Herbal in 1551 ; the second and third did not appear till 1562 and 1568." "The arrangement," says Pulteney, " is alphabetical according to the Latin names, and after the description he frequently specifies the places and growth. He is ample in his discrimination of the species, as his great object was to ascertain the Materia Medica of the ancients and of Dioscorides in particular throughout the vegetable kingdom. He first gives names to many English plants ; and allowing for the time when specifical distinctions were not established, when almost all the small plants were disregarded, and the Cryptogamia almost wholly overlooked, the number he was acquainted with is much beyond what could easily have been imagined in an original writer on his subject." — -Hallam's " Literature of Europe," vol. ii, p. 239. "The true era of Botany in England must commence with 264 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. Dr. William Turner, who was unquestionably the earliest writer among us that discovered learning and critical judgment in the knowledge of plants ; and whose ' Bo'ok of Herbs,' as Dr. Bulleyn observes, will always grow green, and never wither as long as Dioscorides is held in mind by mortal wights."' To Turner's " New Herball " the distinguished position is ac- corded of having been the first scientific work on Botany published by an English writer. As a divine, the inscription in St. Olave's church correcdy says of him, "He fought against the enemies of the Church and the Commonwealth, chiefly the Roman Antichrist." The titles of some of his works confirm this, e.g. — " The Huntyng and Fyndyng out of the Romish Fox : which more than seven yeares hath bene hyd among the Bysshoppes of England, after that the Kynges Hyghnes Henry VHI had commanded hym to be dryven out of hys Realme." Basle, 8vo., 1543. Published under the assumed name of Wm. Wraughton. Dedicated to Henry VIII. Amended and curtailed, with a short account of the author prefixed, by Robt. Potts, M.A., Camb. 8vo., 1851. "The Huntyng of the Romishe Wolfe," etc., London, 8™., 1561. "The Hunting of the Fox and Wolfe, because they did make havoc of the Sheep of Jesus Christ," etc., 8vo. These sufficiently prove that his controversy was chiefly with the Church of Rome. He found time, however, to break a lance with the Anabaptists, a sect that arose about a.d. 1525, in a pamphlet entitled "A Preservative or Triacle against the Poyson of Pelagius lately reneued and stirred up agayn by the furious sect of the Annabaptistes." London, 12 mo, 1551. Turner wrote also upon the virtues of the bath of Baeth in England, with divers other in Almayne (Germany) and England, and in the last year of his life published a new " Boke of the natures and properties of all wines that are commonly used here in England, with a confutation of an errour of some men that holde that Rhennish and other small white wines ought not to be drunken of them, that either have, or are in daunger ' " Historical and Biographical sketches of the Progress of Botany in England," by Richard Pulteney, F.R.S., 1790, vol. i, p. 58. SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH 265 of the stone, the reume, and divers other diseases." London, 8vo., 1568. Crutched Friars, where Dr. Turner resided at the time of his death, and had fhere a botanical garden, has undergone great changes since his day. It is now the centre of the wine trade, and it may be said of his Htde book upon wines, as has been remarked of his work upon botany, that it has not lost its utility. This notice of his life, fragmentary though it is, will, I trust, serve to perpetuate the memory of one of St. Olave's most distinguished parishioners. SIR JAMES DEANE (1545-1608). The subject of our first sketch was a student and divine : it will not be inappropriate that it should be succeeded by that of an enterprising merchant, one of those who, when trade was comparatively in its infancy, largely contributed to lay the foundation of England's commercial greatness, and was distinguished also, in his generation, for piety and charity. Sir James Deane, who was knighted at Whitehall, July 8th, 1604, was descended from the Deanes of Hants, " Dene of Denelands," dis- tinguished by their armorial bearings as the " Lion Deanes " from the " Griffin Deanes," of Wallingford, Berks. The two families were in no way related until the year 1769, when John Deane, Receiver for the county of Berks, married Sarah Ann Deane, only child and heir of John Deane, of the Forbury House, Reading, and Hartley Court, Berks. Sir James amassed a large fortune as " Merchant Adventurer " to India, China and the Spice Islands. Sir James was free of the Drapers' Company, but refused to be made an alderman, preferring to pay the customary fine. He was impropriator of the Rectory of Deane, and bequeathed the Advowson to his brother-in-law, Holdip, the rector. He was Lord of the Manor of Basingstoke, and a liberal benefactor to the town. At the close of his life he built almshouses for eight poor and aged men or women, still so occupied, and forming a picturesque object on the road ' A detailed list of William Turner's writings is given in Athena: Oxon., Ed. Bliss, vol. i, pp. 362-363. MM 266 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. leading towards London. The almshouses are wholly supported by estates which he bequeathed to trustees for this purpose. A bequest of Sir James, together with some other benefactors, enabled the aldermen and wardens, in 1609, to declare the school, known as the Fraternity or Guild of the Holy Ghost, a free school. The ruins of the Chapel of the Holy Ghost, standing in the ancient cemetery, or " Liten," on the north side of the town, are near enough to the railway station to attract the traveller's notice. The chaplain was the schoolmaster, and it is a curious survival, that it is as chaplain of the Chapel of the Holy Ghost, that the master of the Free School of Basingstoke is still cited to visitations. Sir James also left an endowment for a lectureship, afterwards augmented by bequests from his cousin. Sir James Lancaster, in 1618, and from Richard Aid worth in 1646. He had called to mind "that many times theretofore, the town of Basingstoke had been and then was destitute of a good and godly preacher," and this moved him "to make provision for the maintenance of a good and learned preacher, who was to be a graduate in divinity of one of the two universities of Cambridge and Oxford. It ought to be recorded, that he remembered the poor in every parish in which he had lived, or owned land, e.g. : — Guildford, Godalming and Farnham, county Surrey ; and Alton, Odiham, Kingsele, Havant and Overton, county Hants. To each of these parishes he bequeathed sums of ^10, and to St. Olave's Hart Street an annual charge of ^5 4^. od. upon Ash Farm, near Basingstoke, to be given to the poor, in bread, every Sunday. Sir James was three times married. His first wife was Susan, daughter of Christopher Bumsted ; his second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Hugo Ofley, alderman of London ; his third wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Thornhill and widow of Christopher Webbe, armiger The following extract from funeral certificate. Heralds' Office, I, 16, fol. 303, gives some account of her :— " Eliz"- dau. of Richard Thornhill of Bromley SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH. 267 in Kent, was thrice maried, first to Xpher (Christopher) Webbe eldest Sonne of S"^ W"" Webbe, Knt., Lord Maior of the City of London in 1 59 1, by whom shee had issue S' W" Webbe, Knight, w""" maried the eldest dau. of Sir Roland Litton of Co. Hertford, Knt. This Eliz"* after the death of Xpher Webbe was secondly maried to S'' James Deane, Knight, & Alderman of London after whose death shee was thirdly and lastly maried to' M"" John Brewster of London Esquier, & secondary of the Fine office by which last twoo shee had no issue. Shee died on Tuesday the 23 of October 1609 whose funeralls were solemnized at St. Sepulchers Church in London on Thursday the 2"'^ November next following. "Signed John Brewster. Thos. Brewster." Sir James died without leaving any issue, and in his will, which was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, June 13th, 1608 (52 Windebancke) he directed that .1^500 should be expended upon his funeral, not, probably, a larger amount than was usual in those days, and left the bulk of his property in charities, by far the larger share falling to the town of Basingstoke. In his will mention is made of " my cousin, Sir John Deane, Knt", and of " Richard and James Deane sons of my cousin John Deane of ffroyell " [Froyle, near Alton, Hants], and he refers to his house in London, and his house in Hackney. In the Manor Rolls (Grumbold's), Hackney, Sir James Deane is styled as of Homerton. The funeral certificate. Heralds' Office, I, 16, fol. 277, records "Sir James Deane of London Knt w^'out issue [died] ... of Maye buried 4 June." [Date 1608 omitted apparently in mistake]. See Tyssen Library Collection, Hackney, "Hackney Pedigrees" I, 197-9; "History of Basingstoke," by Baigent and Millard, 1889; and MS. " Memoranda relating to the families of Deane, of Hants and Berk- shire, etc.," compiled by Rev. John Bathurst Deane, late Rector of St. Helen's Bishopsgate, and St. Martin Outwich, London. 'John Brooster, of Middle Temple, Armiger & the Ladye Deane Widdowe marr. 29 Sep. 1608, Lie. MM 2 268 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. SIR JOHN MENNES (1599-1671)- The subject of our next memoir is Sir John Mennes. Sir John's surname is spelt with an embarrassing variety of form, viz., Mennes, Mennis, Minnes, Mynce and Minns. The first of these, Mennes, has been found in Sir John's signature, while the last, Minns, appears to represent the pronunciation of the name most popularly known. To take another case. The surname Pepys is spelt in St. Olave's register, Peyps ; in St. Margaret's, Westminster, Peps ; and Mr. Walter Courtenay Pepys, in his Genealogy of the Pepys Family, exhibits on pp. 12 and 13, seventeen variations found in the spelling of the family name. Prior to the eighteenth century the method of spelling a surname was far from rigid — apparently every speller exercised his private judgment as to how a given sound should be orthographically represented. The employment of reading and writing by a large portion of a community, and the compilation of dictionaries pre- cede, and ultimately lead to, uniformity in spelling. Sir John was the third son of Andrew Mennes, Esq., of Sandwich, in Kent, by Jane his second wife, daughter of John Blechendon, Esq. Born at Sandwich, March ist, 1599, he was educated at the grammar school there, and became, in his seventeenth year, a commoner of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he distinguished himself in "humanity," poetry and history. His epitaph in St. Olave's describes him as having been a great traveller, and gives an epitome of his life. He was Sub- chief of the Ordnance, Vice- Admiral," Chief Comptroller of the Navy, and in 1662 Master of the Trinity House. He served under three sovereigns, James I, Charles I, who knighted him in 1642, and Charles H. A firm adherent of the royal cause during the Commonwealth, he was for a time displaced from his services at sea ; but, after the Restoration, fortune smiled on him, and he was rewarded for his constancy by being made Governor of Dover Castle and Chief Comptroller of the Navy, an office which he held ' "Hypothalassiarcha." See his Monument, p. 8i. SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH. 269 till his death. "He is said," in Cunningham's London, "to have written the famous couplet : " For he that fights and runs away May Uve to fight another day." Pepys often mentions him, and generally with approval. April loth, 1 66 1. "So to the Salutacion Tavern [at Rochester] where Mr. Alcock and many of the town came and entertained us with wine and oysters and other things, and hither come Sir John Minnes to us who is come to-day to see 'the Henry' in which he intends to ride as Vice- Admiral in the narrow seas all this summer." June 14th, 1663. " By and by in comes Sir J. Minnes and Sir Wm. Batten, and so we sat talking. Among other things Sir J. Minnes brought many fine expressions of Chaucer, which he doats on mightily, and without doubt he is a very fine poet." On September 28th Pepys commends Sir John as a judge of pictures " in which he hath some judgment"; but finds his business qualities as Comptroller of the Navy left something to be desired, and so, on August 20th, 1666, when it was reported that Sir John was dying, Pepys writes : "which troubles me mightily, for he is a very good, harmless, honest gentleman, though not fit for business." Wood' says that he was the author of a poem entitled "Epsom Wells" and several poems scattered in other men's works. What can with most certainty be attributed to him are contained in a volume entitled " Musarum Delicise or the Muses' Recreation," by Sir J. M. and Ja. S., second edition, 1656, i2mo. The poems in this volume are the composition of Sir John Mennes and Dr. James Smith. Mennes wrote the celebrated scoffing ballad on Sir John Suckling : — " Sir John he got him an ambling nag,'' etc. referring to the defeat of Sir John's cavalry by the Scots in an engagement on the border in 1639. Sir John Suckling is said to have spent ;^i 2,000 upon his troops. A portrait of Sir J. Mennes by Vandyck is in Lord Clarendon's collection at The Grove, Watford. It is engraved in the 1874 edition of the Musarum DelicicC.' ' Athense Oxonienses, by Anthony A. Wood. New edition by Philip Bliss, vol. iii, p. 925. ^Dict. Nat. Biog., vol. xxxvii, p. 255. 270 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. SAMUEL PEPYS (1633-1703). It is impossible, in any account of the notable names connected with St. Olave's, to leave unnoticed the name of Samuel Pepys, but the limits of this work prevent my giving more than the prominent features of his career. He was the second son of John' and Margaret Pepys, and was born February 23rd, 1633, but his place of birth is not known. The note in his Diary, February loth, 1661-2 : "I believe our family were never considerable," combined with the fact that his father followed the business of a tailor, has been regarded as a proof of his humble origin, but an antiquary' in the family shews in a work, which he published in 1887, that the Cottenham branch, from which Pepys descended, held a respectable rank. Pepys was educated at St. Paul's School, London, and went, as he tells us, to reside in Magdalene College, Cambridge, and did put on his gown first March 5th, 1650-51.'' The Diary gives the date when Pepys became a pensioner of Magdalene College, but Mynors Bright prints extracts from the College register books, which prove him to have been admitted Sizar of Trinity Hall, June 21st, 1650; Sizar of Magdalene College, October ist, 1650; Pensioner, March 4th, 1651 ; and that he was elected Spenluff Scholar, April 3rd, 1651 ; Scholar on Dr. John Smith's foundation, October 4th, 1653. Two years after leaving the University he married Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Marchant, Sieur de St. Michel, a portionless girl of fifteen, descended on her father's side from a family of distinction in Andegavia (Anjou), and on her mother's from the Cliffords of Cumbria. Alexander Marchant, Sieur de St. Michel, suffered greatly owing to his having become a Huguenot, was disinherited by his father, and, on coming to England in the retinue of Henrietta Maria, was dismissed, when it was discovered that he was a Protestant. The Marriage Register of St. Margaret's, Westminster, gives December I St, 1655, as the day of Samuel Pepys's marriage ; but he and his wife kept • Genealogy of the Pepys Family, a.d. 1273— 1887, by the Hon. Walter Courtnay Pepys. ^ Diary, December 31st, 1664. SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH. 271 October loth as the anniversary of their wedding.' The consequences of this imprudent marriage might have been serious but for the kindness of his kinsman, Sir Edward Montagu, afterwards Earl of Sandwich, who helped the young couple, and gave them a home in his family. This patron, to whom Pepys always expresses his gratitude, engaged him to accompany him in his expedition to the Sound in March, 1659, and it was through his influence that on his return he was appointed a Clerk in the Army Pay Office of the Exchequer, at an annual salary of ^50.^ " I taking my £\2 \os. due to me for my last quarter's salary." This, however, was but a stepping stone to higher appointments. On March 6th, 1660, Montagu asked Pepys to consider if he would go to sea with him, in the capacity of secretary, and on April 2nd Pepys embarked on the Nazeby. Pepys was serving in the Nazeby when, on May 23rd, Prince Charles and the Duke of York were received on board for conveyance to Dover. The ship's name was changed to that of Charles, commemorated by Dryden in the lines : — " The Naseby, now no longer England's shame, But better to be lost in Charles, his name. Receives her Lord." — Astraa Redux, 230. May 25th: "I spoke with the Duke of York about business, who called me Pepys by name, and upon my desire did promise me his future favour." On June 2nd, immediately after the restoration, Montagu gave him this piece of encouragement: "He told me he hoped to do me a more lasting kindness if all things stand as they are now between him and the King, 'This is mentioned three times in the Diary, on October loth, in the years 1661, 1664 and 1666. Copy of the entry in Register : — " Samuell Peps of this parish, Gent., and Elizabeth De S"' Michell of Martins in the ffeilds. Spinster. Published October 19th, 22nd, 29th, and were married by Richard Sherwyn, Esqr, one of the Justices of the Peace of the Cittie and Lyberties of Westmr, December 1st. [Signed] Ri Sherwyn." That both Pepys and his wife were mistaken as regards the month and the day of the montli of their wedding day is very improbable, and in face of this improbability, the most likely way of accounting for the dates in the Register is by the conjecture that the Register was posted or filled up atter a considerable interval since the day of the wedding. In the banns' dates the usual interval of a week was not observed if the first publication took place on 19th and the second on October 22nd, and the fact of a similar peculiarity being found in one or two other entries in the Register suggests a doubt as to the accuracy of the Registrar's dates. By the Act of August 24th, 1653, cap. 6 (to come into force from September 29th following), it was enacted that a Register [Registrar] be appointed, and a book of good vellum or parchment be provided ; that twenty-one days' notice, at least, of a marriage be given to the Registrar, that the publication of the banns be made on " three several Lords-Days then next following," " or if the parties so to be married shall desire it, in the Market-place next to the said Church or Chappel on three Market-days in three several weeks next following." ''Diary, January 30th, 1659-60. 272 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. but, says he, we must have a little patience and we will rise together ; in the meantime I will do you all the good jobs I can." He proved as good as his word, for on the 29th June Pepys records: " Up and to White Hall where I got my warrant from the Duke to be Gierke of the Acts." Sir Edward Montagu had considerable difficulty in obtaining this appoint- ment for Pepys, as General Monk wanted it for a proUgd of his, but the King and the Duke of York having known Pepys on board the Naseby in her memorable voyage, this was the turning point of Pepys's fortune. This post of Glerk of the Acts placed him on an equality with the other Gommissioners of the Navy Board, and gave him a large increase of income. His stipend was .1^350 per annum, reduced to ^250 through his having to allow his predecessor, Thomas Barlow, ;i^ioo, but from this annual charge the death of Barlow, in 1665, relieved him. Pepys allows the reader to know his feelings upon the occasion, February 9th, 1664-5: "For which, God knows my heart, I could be as sorry as is possible for one to be for a stranger by whose death he gets .i^ioo per annum, he being a worthy honest man ; but when I come to consider the providence of God, by this means unexpectedly to give me .;^ioo a year more in my estate, I have cause to bless God, and do it from the bottom of my heart." It was through his appointment to this clerkship that Pepys came on July 17th, 1660, to live at or next door to the Navy Office, the principal entrance to which was in Crutched Friars. Pepys's house was on the Seething Lane side of the Navy Office, and, on the i8th July, he describes it as "my house in Seething Lane," and it was at this period when the Diary, begun January ist, 1660, was about six months old, that his connection with the parish of St. Olave commenced. The intelligence and industry which Pepys shewed as an official, soon brought him into notice. He was appointed in 1665 Surveyor-General of the Victualling Office. In 1673 he was advanced to the position of Secretary to the Admiralty, and in this capacity proved himself one of the most distinguished officials in naval affairs that England has ever possessed, and in 1678 he was called upon to defend the Navy Board against an attack made upon it in the House of Commons, and made so able a defence that nothing further was heard of the charges. That he was a man of some courage SOME NOTABLE NAMES CONNECTED WITH THE PARISH 273 is proved by his remaining at his post at such a crisis as the Plague Year of 1665, and the Great Fire of 1666. In the former year he wrote to Sir William Coventry': "The sickness in general thickens round us, and particularly upon our neighbourhood. You, sir, took your turn of the sword; I must not, therefore, grudge to take mine of the pestilence." In the latter year he did good service by employing workmen from the Woolwich and Deptford dockyards to pull down the houses all around the Navy Office, by which means the fire was prevented from spreading, and the Navy Office was saved, as well as an adjoining district in which were the three churches of St. Olave Hart Street, Allhallows Staining, and Allhallows Barking. September 4th, 1666 [extract from letter of Pepys to Sir W. Coventry]: "The fire is now very neere us as well on Tower Streete as Fanchurch Street side, and we have little hope of our escape but by that remedy to y^ want whereof we do certainly owe y" loss of y° City, namely, y'' pulling down of houses in y"= way of y" fire. This way Sir W. Pen and myself have so far concluded upon y" practising, that he is gone to Woolwich and Deptford to supply himself with men and necessarys in order to the doing thereof" September 5th, 1666: "About 2 in the morning my wife calls me up and tells me of new cryes of fire, it being come to Barking Church, which is the bottom of our lane [Seething Lane] But going to the fire, I find by the blowing up of houses and the great help given by the workmen out of the King's yard sent up by Sir W. Pen, there is a good stop given to it, as well as at Marke-lane end as ours, it having only burned the dyall of Barking Church and part of the porch, and was there quenched." The district thus preserved from the Fire may be roughly described as bounded by Seething Lane on the east, and Mark Lane on the west side. All through these eventful years the care of the navy of England, in great measure, rested upon Pepys. At the Revolution in 1688 his official career terminated; but as long as he lived he was looked upon as a great authority in naval matters, and at the Admiralty his memory is still held in honour. ' Secretary to the Duke of York. NN 274 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Pepys however had, before 1688, found time for holding a variety of offices ; he was twice Master of the Corporation of Trinity House, in 1676 and again in 1685 ; Master of the Clothworkers' Company in 1677 ; and Pre- sident of the Royal Society in 1684 and 1686. He was also M.P. for Harwich in the short Parliament that sat from March to July, 1679. His life, from the time he became Clerk of the Acts in 1660, was generally prosperous, but was not without some serious troubles. On the occasion of the sus- pected Popish plot, in May, 1679, he lost his place at the Admiralty for a time, and he and his colleague. Sir Anthony Deane, also M.P. for Harwich, were imprisoned in the Tower, and not released till February 12th, 1680, when the accuser. Colonel Scott, who had laid the information, refused to acknowledge to the truth of it. His closing years, too, were attended with much bodily suffering, owing to the return of a malady from which he had suffered as early as 1658, but had experienced no inconvenience through all the intervening years. On the 26th May, 1703, he died at Clapham, at the house of Mr. Hewer, his partner, formerly his clerk ; and on June 5th he was buried at St. Olave's at nine o'clock at night, "in a vault by y^ Comunion-table," his friend. Dr. Hickes, the non-juring Dean of Worcester, saying the Burial Office. The Diary was begun when Pepys was living in Axe Yard, Westminster, on January ist, 1660. He was then in the 27th year of his age, and he ended the Diary in the fourth month of his 37th year. The Diary, therefore, is the work of a man young in years, and it relates vividly, with many characteristic touches, his progress from straitened to prosperous circumstances. He closed the Diary on May 31st, 1669, with these words: "And thus ends all that I doubt I shall ever be able to do with my own eyes in the keeping of my Journal, I being not able to do it any longer, having done now as long as to undo my eyes almost every time I take a pen in my hand, and therefore, whatever comes of it, I must forbear ; and therefore resolve, from this time forward, to have it kept by my people in longhand, and must be contented to set down no more than is fit for them and all the world to know. . . And so I betake myself to that course, which is almost as much as to see myself H W K H THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. ST. OLAVE'S, HART STREET. CHAPTER XVII. The principal Buildings and the historic sites in the united Parishes of St. Olave and Allhallows Staining: I. The Trinity House; Guild or Corporation of Mariners formed at Deptford in 1514; formerly connected with the Royal Navy ; now specially the general Lighthouse authority for England and Wales ■ present century legislation (1836 and i8s3) affecting the Trinity Corporation ; the important functions Trinity House discharges^ some details of its practical work in present day ; Trinity Mon- day at St. Olave^s ; the present building on Tower Hill ; Pepys and Evelyn and the Trinity House ; Names of the Twenty-four Elder Brethren, i8g4. 2. Sir Richard Whittington^ s Palace^ Hart Street. 3. The Monastery of the Crutched Friars, '■'■ Fratres Sanctce CrucisP 4. The Milbourne Almshouses. 5. The Navy Office, 1656-1^86. 6. The Old Navy Office, Mark Lane. 7. Crutched Friars. 8. Mark Lane; the Corn Exchanges. Q. The London and Blackwall Railway Terminus. NOW propose asking the reader to accompany me in a walk through the united parishes of St. Olave and Allhallows Staining, recalling the memorials of an earlier time, and also taking note of the principal buildings. Among these latter, the Trinity House and the Halls of the Clothworkers and Ironmongers will claim our attention. THE TRINITY HOUSE. The most imposing building in the Parish of St. Olave is the Trinity House, situated on the upper side of Tower Hill, and forming the south-east boundary of the Parish. The foundation stone of this edifice was laid by William Pitt in 1793, and the structure was completed in 1795. The architect was Samuel Wyatt. " The principal front consists of a THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 279 main body and wings of the Ionic Order on a rusticated basement. Over the windows are medallions with portraits in low relief of George III and Queen Charlotte, representations of light-houses, and emblematic devices." The house belongs to an ancient Corporation of Mariners, founded in King Henry the Eighth's time at Deptford, for the regulation of seamen and the security and convenience of ships and mariners on our coasts. The first Master was Sir Thomas Spert, Knight, Comptroller of the Navy, and commander of the biggest ship that the sea then bore, namely, Harry, Grace de Dieu. Sir Thomas Spert died in 1541, and was buried in the Chancel of Stepney Church. The Society was incorporated March 20th, 15 14, by the name of " The Guild or Fraternity of the most Glorious and Undividable Trinity, and of St. Clement in the parish of Deptford Strond," which title was extended by a Charter, bearing date 1685, to "The Master, Wardens and Assistants of the Guild, Fraternity, or Brotherhood, of the most Glorious and Undividable Trinity, and of St. Clement, in the Parish of Deptford Strond, in the County of Kent." The Corporation now consists of a Master, Deputy Master, four Wardens, and eight Assistants (Elder Brethren). There are in all twenty- four Members, of whom thirteen are acting Elder Brethren and eleven are Honorary ; and an undefined number of inferior members, entitled Younger Brethren. One of the Elder Brethren is styled Deputy Master, i.e., Deputy for the Master. It is the general Lighthouse Authority for England and Wales, and as such has a certain control over the other general Lighthouse Authorities and the Local Light Authorities on the coast. It deals with lights, buoys, beacons, fog signals, removal of wrecks dangerous to navigation, etc., and it is the chief Pilotage Authority of the United Kingdom. The Trinity House receives the Lighthouse Tolls and pays them into the Mercantile Marine Fund of the Board of Trade, out of which fund the lighthouses are maintained, and other expenses connected with the Mercantile Marine defrayed. The Elder Brethren also assist the House of Lords and the Judge of the Admiralty Court in trying marine causes. Until 1869, when the last examination of this kind was held by the Trinity House, a Trinity Board 28o THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. used to examine sub-lieutenants in the Royal Navy for the post of navigating lieutenant. Two Acts of Parliament of this century have specially affected the Corporation of the Trinity House. That of 1836 empowered the Trinity House to purchase either from private owners or from the Crown, their interests in the rights and dues of coast lights in England ; also, by tolls, to raise money for the support of the service connected with lighthouses, lightships, buoys, etc. The tolls are calculated according to the tonnage of vessels. In the Royal Grants made in previous centuries to the Trinity House, it was stipulated that the Corporation should, out of its surplus funds, relieve old or disabled seamen and their families, and by means of its Almshouses and pensions the Corporation was a munificent distributor of relief to persons connected with the maritime service. In the year 1853 the allowance to out-pensioners exceeded ^20,000, and about ;^i 0,000 a year derived from Trust property was spent upon the Almshouses at Deptford and Mile End, 152 in number, and in other charitable uses. By the Act of 1853, the control of the Tolls for the support of the lighthouse and kindred services was transferred to the Board of Trade, and the charitable relief fund of the Corporation restricted to the revenue derived from its Trust property.' A few figures will serve to show the important functions which the Trinity House discharges. The Corporation owns 84 lighthouses in the United Kingdom, and one at Gibraltar built by the Crown, has 51 lightships in position, and 9 in reserve to meet contingencies. There are 547 buoys of various sizes and descriptions In position, and 64 beacons round the coast. It employs 203 lighthouse keepers, 553 persons form the crews of lightships, 176, those of steam or sailing vessels; in all, the Trinity Corporation has a working staff of about 1,000 persons in connection with the service of lights, buoys, and beacons. The number of pilotage stations under its jurisdiction is 48, and about 800 pilots act under licence from the Trinity House.'' ' Memoir of the Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond, printed for private distribution, by Sir Frederick Arrow, Deputy Master, 1868. n am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Charles A. Kent, the Secretary of the Trinity House Corporation, for the above figures. On comparing Mr. Kent's figures with those given by Sir Frederick Arrow in 1868, the increase in 25 years is shown by the following figures: 8 lighthouses, 17 lightships, 95 buoys, 4 beacons, and in the working staff zoo persons. The lighthouse at Heligoland belonged to the Trinity Corporation until the cession of Heligoland to Germany a few years ago. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 281 During my incumbency the Masters of Trinity House have been: — The Prince Consort ; Lord Palmerston ; Admiral of the Fleet The Duke of Edinburgh, and the Duke of York, elected in 1894 ; and the Deputy- Masters: — Admiral Gordon, Captain Pigott, Captain Sir Frederick Arrow, Sir Richard CoUinson, K.C.B., Captain Sir Sydney Webb, K.C.M.G. The office of Secretary has been filled by : — Messrs. P. H. Berthon, Robin Allen, John Inglis, and Charles A. Kent. Mr. Jacob Herbert preceded Mr. Berthon, and was fifty-three years in the service of the Corporation. The late Engineer-in-Chief was Sir Jas. N. Douglass, F.R.S., who built, besides other light-houses, the present Eddystone. The present Engineer is Mr. Thomas Matthews, M.Inst.C.E. The election of Master, of Deputy-Master, etc., takes place on Trinity Monday in every year, and the Corporation, with the Pensioners, attend with some ceremony the Parish Church, where shortened Evening Prayer is said by the Rector, and a sermon preached by a clergyman specially nominated by the Master. When the Duke of Wellington was Master, he made a point of attending the service then held in the Parish Church of St. Nicholas Deptford, and chose as preacher for many successive years the late Canon Melvill — indeed, until the preacher at length asked that he might be excused, by length of service. It then became customary to nominate a different preacher each year. The following well-known clergymen have preached in St. Olave's church before the Corporation of Trinity House: — 1866, Rev. Charles Kingsley; 1867, Rev. H. M. Birch; 1868, Rev. C. F. Tarver ; 1871, Rev. R. Duckworth, D.D., Canon of Westminster Abbey; 1872, Dean Stanley; 1873, Dr. Vaughan, Master of the Temple, now Dean of Llandaff; 1864 and 1876, Rev. T. Rowsell, Canon of Westminster Abbey. Of late years the Master has usually chosen a Chaplain R.N., sometimes the Chaplain of a ship of which he had held command, e.g., in 1885, Rev. C. J. Corfe, then Chaplain of Royal Marines at Chatham, but previously Chaplain of H.M.S. Minotaur, the Duke of Edinburgh's ship. In 1889, Rev. C. J. Corfe, was consecrated Bishop of Corea. The Rev. J. C. Cox Edwards, Chaplain of the Fleet, preached on Trinity Monday in 00 282 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. 1 89 1. The Bishop of Rochester (Dr. Davidson) was the preacher in 1892, and the Bishop of Ripon (Dr. Boyd Carpenter) in 1894.' The Corporation has had several habitations. Their first house in London appears to have been at Ratcliffe, and in 1618 a petition to James I from the "Merchant Adventurers of Newcastle, for leave to freight in strangers' bottoms," was sent to the Master, Wardens, etc., for report, and their reply to the Council is dated " Trinity House, Ratcliffe, June 3."' Their second London house, which was in Water Lane, between Tower Street and Lower Thames Street, and the site and name of which (Old Trinity House) are still preserved, was destroyed in the Great Fire. This occurred on 4th September, 1666, and Pepys thus refers to it: — "This night Mrs. Turner . . and her husband supped with my wife and me at night in the ofifice upon a shoulder of mutton from the cooks without any napkin or anything, in a sad manner, but were merry. Only now and then walking into the garden and saw how horribly the sky looks, all on a fire in the night, was enough to put us out of our wits ; and indeed it was extremely dreadful, for it looks just as if it was at us, and the whole heaven on fire. I, after supper, walked in the dark down to Tower Street, and there saw it all on fire at the Trinity House on that side, and the Dolphin Tavern on this side, which was very near us ; and the fire with extraordinary vehemence. Now begins the practice of blowing up the houses in Tower Street, those next the Tower, which at first did frighten people more than anything ; but it stopped the fire where it was done. . . The fire is got so far that way \i.e., Pye-corner], and to the Old Bayly, and was running down to Fleet-street ; and Pauls [St. Paul's Cathedral] is burned, and all Cheapside. I wrote to my father this night, but the post-house being burned, the letter could not go." Hatton describes the Trinity House erected in 1671, in Water Lane, after the Great Fire, as a stately building of brick and stone, adorned with ten bustos.^ Strype says that the house on this site belonged to the Corporation of Trinity House before the Great Fire, and " hath been lately burnt down ' The newly elected Master, H.R.H. the Duke of York, was present, with the Corporation of the Trinity House, in St. Olave's Church on this occasion. 'Cal. State Pap., 1611-1618, p. 543. = Hatton (1708), p. 573. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 283 again [1714J ; but is now by the said Brotherhood built up fairly a second time In their hall there is an old flag hanging up, which they say was taken from the Spaniards by Sir Francis Drake, whose picture hangeth up there." In the entrance hall of the present house on Tower Hill are models of buoys and lightships. The staircase, leading from the hall to the court room and the banqueting hall, is semi-circular, and in front of you on entering is a large painting by Gainsborough Dupont, representing the Elder Brethren in 1794. In the court room, are some fine pictures ; the latest being portraits of the late Royal Master, the Duke of Edinburgh, and of the Prince of Wales by Frank Holl. In the banqueting hall, formerly the model room with its glass dome well fitted for this purpose, are busts of Nelson, Howe, St. Vincent, and Duncan; and portraits of James I, and James II, Sir Francis Drake, the Earl of Sandwich, William Pitt, etc. The coat of arms of the Trinity House is: — Between a cross gules, four ships under sail ; the crest : — A demy lion crowned, or, with a sword in his right paw; and the motto: — " Trinitas in Unitate." The following words are inscribed on the memorial stone which was deposited in the foundation on 12th September, 1793, by the Prime Minister of that day, William Pitt, Master of the Trinity House Corporation : — In usum Societatis Sacrosanctse et Indlviduse Trinitatis optimis (licatK auspiciis ; ut neque navigantibus deesset incolumitas, nee lumen inter tenebras errantibus, nee emeritis in senectute perfugium, nee viduis in paupertate solatium, has sedes excitari voluit, Fratribus uno ore consentientibus, Gulielmus Pitt, Preeses, vir omni praeconio major, hujusce Sodalitii rebus acriter invigilans, et Imperii Britannici gubernaculum valida manu tenens, Patriae suae, rebus in prosperis dulce decus, in arduis Columen ac prsesidium : Die Septembris XII, Anno Georgii III Regis XXXIII, /Erse Christians 1793. GO 2 284 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. Pepys was frequently a guest at the Trinity House feasts, and refers to them with evident pleasure, as the following extracts from his diary will show : — 1660-61, January 2. This day I left Sir W. Batten and Captn. Rider my chine of beefe for to serve to morrow at Trinity-house, the Duke of Albemarle being to be there and all the rest of the Brethren, it being a great day for the reading over of their New Charter which the King hath newly given them. 1661-62, February 15. With the two Sir Williams to the Trinity House . . . After dinner I was sworn a Younger Brother. Sir W. Rider being Deputy-Master for my Lord of Sandwich; and after I was sworn, all the Elder Brothers shake me by the hand ; it is their custom, it seems. 1662, May 26. [This was Trinity Monday.] To the Trinity House where the Brethren have been at Deptford choosing a new Master ; which is Sir J. Minnes, notwithstanding Sir W. Batten did contend highly for it ; at which I am not a little pleased because of his proud lady. 1662, June 14'''. Over against the scaffold made on purpose this day saw Sir Henry Vane brought [to execution] ; the scaffold was so crowded that we did not see it done. — So to the office a little and so to the Trinity House all of us to dinner. September 4''^. At noon we all to the Trinity House where we treated, very dearly, I believe, the officers of the Ordnance. ... We had much and good musique. ... Sir W"' Compton I heard talk with great pleasure of the difference between the fleet now and in Queene Elizabeth's days ; where in '88 she had but 36 sail great and small in the world ; and ten rounds of powder was their allowance at that time against the Spaniard. 1663, June 15""- To the Trinity House where among others, I found my Lord Sandwich, and Craven & my cousin Roger Pepys, and Sir W" Wheeler. . . . Both at & after dinner we had great discourses of the nature & power of spirits & whether they can animate dead bodies; in all which, as of the general appearance of spirits, my Lord Sandwich is very scepticall. 1663-4, March 23"'. To the Trinity House and there dined very well ; and good discourse among the old men. Among other things, they observed that there are but two seamen in Parliament, viz.. Sir W. Batten and Sir W. Pen, and not above twenty or thirty merchants ; which is a strange thing in an island. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 285 1664, June 6'*'. By barge with Sir W. Batten to the Trinity House. Here were at dinner my Lord Sandwich, Mr. Coventry, my Lord Craven, and others. A great dinner & good company. Mr. Prin also who would not drink any health, no, not the King's, but sat down with his hat on all the while; but nobody took notice of it to him at all. John Evelyn, sworn a younger Brother on 26th March, 1673, has several references in his Diary to the Trinity House. Amongst others : — ■ 1666, June II. Trinity Monday, after a sermon, applied to the re-meeting of the Corporation of the Trinity House after the late raging and wasting pestilence : I dined with them at their new room in Deptford, the first time since it was rebuilt. The next is — : 167 1, May 25. I dined at a feast made for me and my wife by the Trinity Company, for our passing a fine of the land which Sir R. Browne [Master in 1673], my wife's father freely gave to found and build their College or Alms- houses on at Deptford, it being my wife's, after her father's decease. It was a good and charitable worke and gift, but would have been better bestow'd on ye poore of that parish, than on the seamen's widows, the Trinity Company being very rich, and the rest of the poore of the parish exceedingly indigent. The last entry occurs : — 1685, July 20. The Trinity Company met this day, which should have been on the Monday after Trinity, but was put off by reason of the Royal Charter being so large, that it could not be ready before. Some immunities were superadded. Mr. Pepys, Secretary to the Admiralty, was a second time chosen Master. There were present the Duke of Grafton, Lord Dartmouth, Master of the Ordnance, the Commissioners of the Navy, and Brethren of the Corporation. We went to church [Deptford] according to costome, and then took barge to the Trinity House [Water Lane] in London, where we had a great dinner, above eighty at one table. The number of the Corporation is regulated by a Supplemental Charter bearing date 17th November, 1870, 34th Victoria. There are thirteen acting Brethren, and eleven honorary Brethren. It will be seen from the following list that the latter are princes, statesmen, or officers of high rank in the Navy, while the former have been, with but a few exceptions, captains in the Merchant Service. 286 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVKS HART STREET. THE ELDER BRETHREN OF THE TRINITY HOUSE, 1894. Captain H.R.H. The Duke of York, K.G., etc.. Master. Captain Sir John Sydney Webb, K.C.M.G., Deputy-Master. H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, K.G., etc. H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge, K.G., etc. Captain T. Narramore Were. Captain John Fenwick, Warden. Captain Edward Parry Nisbet, Warden. The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P. The Duke of Argyll, K.G., K.T. Captain Charles Granger Weller, Warden. Admiral Sir Alexander Milne, Bart, G.C.B. The Duke of Richmond and Gordon, K.G. Captain James Bucknell Atkins, Warden. Captain William Ladds. Captain George Charles Burne. The Earl of Northbrook, G. C.S.I. Captain George Rawlinson Vyvyan. Admiral Sir F. Leopold M'Clintock, K.C.B., F.R.S. Captain Henry Yorke Slader. Captain Arthur Edward Barlow. The Marquis of Salisbury, K.G. Lord George Francis Hamilton, M.P. Captain Hector Brabazon Stewart, R N. The Earl of Rosebery, K.G. Immediately under the shadow of the tower of the church in g;, j^^j^^j Hart Street, four houses from Mark Lane, up a gateway, stood for Whittington's many generations what was reputed to be the palace of the famous Sir Richard Whittington. This is its designation in the old leases, and its appearance, especially as to the exterior, seemed to lend probability to the tradition. As late as July, 1796, there appeared a letter in the "Gentleman's Magazine," giving an account of this "remnant of antiquity," as it then existed, with a picturesque engraving of it, which is here reproduced. The writer states that the palace, at that time in the occupation of a carpenter and a basket maker, " forms three parts of a square, but from time and ill usage its original shape is much altered. Under the windows THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 287 of the first story are carved in basso-relievo the arms of the twelve com- panies of London, except one, which is destroyed to make way for a cistern. The wings are supported by rude carved figures, expressing satyrs ; and, from its situation near the church, it is probable it was a manor house. The principal room has the remains of grandeur; it is about 25 feet long, 15 feet broad, and 10 feet high ; the cieling is elegantly carved in fancied compart- ments ; the wainscot is about 6 feet high, and carved, over which is a continuation of Saxon arches, in bas- so-relievo ; between each arch is a human figure. The ante- room has nothing worth notice but the mantel-piece, which, however, is much more modern than the outside ; as is the ad- joining room, which belongs to a basket maker; it is not quite as large as the prin- cipal room, but the cieling is as superbly decorated with carv- ing.; on a tablet is the date 1609, and on another are the initials M^k. ; this room appears to have been fitted up long since the building of the house. In medallions on the above cieling are several heads of the Cssars, and two coats of arms; a chevron between nine pallets, but no colours are expressed. As this plan must have been in perfection at the time of S tow's writing his history of London, it is wonderful he has not mentioned it ; and equally so whitttington's palace. 288 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVES HART STREET. in Maitland, who has not noticed it; nor did he Walbrook House, which I gave a description of some time since in your magazine. I am happy in having it in my power to rescue the above beautiful place from oblivion, as before long, in all probability, there will not a vestige remain."' The writer's prediction as to its disappearance has long been fulfilled. A few yards to the east of Whittington's palace, in the olden Monastery of time, was the great Monastery of the Crossed, or Crouched g'^j^^^cts'^"^^^ (Crutched) Friars. This religious order appears to have been Cruds." instituted, or at least re-formed, by Gerard, Prior of St. Mary of Morella, at Bologna, and confirmed a.d. 1169 by Pope Alexander the Third, who brought the members under St. Austin's rule, and added some other constitutions for their government. This Order was introduced into England in the year 1244, and had their first House at Colchester. Originally, they carried in their hands a cross, affixed to a staff, hence the designation — "fratres cruciferi " (cross-bearers) — but afterwards they wore a cross of red cloth upon their backs or breasts. Their habit was appointed by Pope Pius the Second to be of blue colour. There were not more than seven Houses of these Friars in the whole of England, and the Order never attained to any great importance.^ The founders of the Monastery in this Parish were Ralph Hosier and William Sabernes, about the year 1298. Stephen, the tenth Prior of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity (founded by Queen Matilda a.d. 1108), granted three tenements for the yearly rent of 13.?. M., unto Ralph Hosier and William Sabernes who afterwards became Friars of the Holy Cross, " Fj'atres Sanctis Cruets." These Friars founded their House in the place of certain tenements purchased from Richard Wimbush, or de Wimbish, the twelfth Prior of the Holy Trinity Monastery, in the year 13 19, which was confirmed by Edward HI in the 17th year of his reign. One Adam was elected the first Prior of the Monastery of the Holy Cross near the Tower.^ In the year 1359, 2,Z Edward HI, the peace of the House in Crutched Friars was seriously disturbed by three of its members, who ' " Gent. Mag.," vol. Ixvi, pt. ii, p. 545. 'Dugdale's " Monasticon Anglicanum," vol. vi, pt. 3, p. 1586. Tanner's Notitia Monastica. Pref. p. xiv, and viii Middlesex 54. ' Stow, Strype's edition, book ii, p. 74. Newcourt, vol. i, p. 328. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 289 were accused of having carried off by force of arms from the mansion of the Prior and Brethren, vestments, books, linen, also the Common Seal of the House, and the Bulls Apostolic touching the Order of the Holy Cross. The King's aid was invoked by the Prior and Brethren, and on October 3rd a Royal Mandate was issued at Westminster ordering the Mayor and Sheriffs of London to hold an enquiry. This inquisition was made on Saturday, October i8th, before John Lovekyn, Mayor of the City of London, John de Chichestre and Simon de Benyngtone, Sheriffs. Upon the oath of John Bretoun and of eleven others, who say upon their oath, that Brother Robert de Stannowe, Brother John de Dunmowe, and Brother Richard de Evesham, belonging to the Order of the Holy Cross Monastery near the Tower of London, are three malefactors and disturbers of the peace of our Lord the King. They allege that between the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist [June 24th] and the end of the Feast of St. Michael [September 29th] by force of arms the three Friars aforesaid took, and against the peace of our Lord the King, carried off one Chalice, two sets of Vestments, four Portifories [Breviaries], two Psalters, one book called " Legend of the Saints," one Epistolar, one set of Institutes [of the Emperor Justinian], the Common Seal of the House, fifteen Bulls Apostolic touching the Order of the Holy Cross ; also, linen and woollen cloths to the value of £%'] 135-. /^d. In witness whereof the jurors aforesaid have hereto set their seals. Given at London, October i8th, 1359.' The carrying off of the Common Seal and of Papal Bulls of privileges conferred on the Order of the Holy Cross, lends a colour to the supposition, that this revolt of the three accused Friars was an attempted secession with the intention of founding a House of the Order elsewhere. What punishment, if any, was inflicted upon the offenders is not recorded. The Monastery in Crutched Friars must have been in high favour with the City at the beginning of the reign of Henry VIII, for a grant was then made at the Common Council, held August ist, 15 16, 8 Henry VIII (to the intent that they should pray for the common estate ' Memorials from the early archives of Ihe City of London. Translated and edited by Henry Tliomas Riley, M.A., p. 303. rp 290 THE ANNALS OB ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. of the City) of some common ground of the said City for the enlargement of their Church from the main wall thereof, on the north part into the High Street there, and also an enlargement at the west end of the Church. Afterwards, at a Common Council holden on Tuesday, September 25th, 1520, 12 Henry VHI, the said Prior and Convent petitioned for succour towards the edifying and maintenance of their new Church, and to take upon them and the whole City to be their second founders. Whereupon it was agreed that several exhortations should be made in writing to every Fellowship in London to see what they would do of their devotions towards the same, and such sums to be certified to the Mayor and Aldermen to the intent it may be known to what it will amount.' But little is known of the inner history of this Monastery. Its Church was the burial place of many persons of distinction, whose names are recorded by Stow. Two Guilds^ of Dutch people were connected with the Monastery of the Holy Cross in the fifteenth century. Strype gives particulars of the constitution and regulations of these " two fraternities of Dutch men (which Nation seemed chiefly to inhabit hereabouts)." I. circa 141 5. " Brotherhed of the Fraternite of St. Katheryn founded and ordenyd by Duychmenne fourscore years passed in the Crosse Fryers in the Cite of London," cited from a deed of reconstitution made October 25th, 1495. H. 1459. The Fraternity of the most Holy Blood of Jesus Christ, " Fratrum et Sororum Fraternitatis Sanctissimi Sanguinis Jhu Christi in Ecclesia Fratrum ordinis Crucis." Dominus Johannes Johnson, Capellanus [Chaplain in 1459]. The admission rule of the Guild of St. Katherine quaintly reads, " that he or they so admitted and receyvid pay at the Entre two pounds of wex [wax] to the encresse of the Light of the said Fraternity." The penalty for slander or malicious words, was ten pounds of wax, "or elis give for every pound, vi"^ of Money." Refusal to obey the Master, penalty, five pounds of wax. For causing a brawl or quarrel "at the Assembles and Drinking togidders of the said Brethren and specially upon St. Katheryns day," for first offence, five pounds of wax ; for second, ten ; for third, fifteen ; for fourth, twenty pounds of wax. The Guild of the Holy Blood combined ' Mund. Edition of Slow, 1633, " The Remaines or Remnants," etc., p. 934. "Strype, book ii, pp. 74-77. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 291 more of the features of a " Benefit Club.'' The entrance fee was xx'' ; no fine was higher than two pounds of wax ; a tnember ivas entitled to XX'' a week while on the sick list. No one was to leave the Fraternity without the permission of all the members, and for this licence the retiring member was to pay iii^ iiij'' to the funds of the Fraternity. The Fraternity provided four wax torches for deceased member's funeral ; attendance at mass for the dead and the offering of i'' per head were obligatory on all members within the City of London ; penalty for non-attendance one pound of wax. In Aggas's Map, year 1560, no appearance of the building is indicated beyond a tower occupying the south-east angle of the garden wall, and a large house standing in the garden. There is just a small portion of the foundation of the Monastery to be seen in the cellars underneath No. 25, Crutched Friars, as I am informed by Mr. C. T. Ritchie, a member of the firm of Messrs. Domecq & Co., who occupy these premises. This Monastery was dissolved November 12th, 1538,' 30 Henry VIII, at which time its endowment was ^52 13^-. \d. per annum. The King, in 1540, granted the site of the Monastery and its gardens to Sir Thomas Wyatt, who there erected a mansion " In place of this Church," Stow stated in 1598, "is now a carpenter's yard, a tennis court, and such like. The Friers hall was made a glass-house or house wherein was made glass of divers sorts to drink in, which house in the year 1575, on the 4th of September, burst out into a terrible fire . . . and having in it about 40,000 billets of wood, was all consumed to the stone walls." Long before Maitland's time, 1756, all outward signs of this religious house had disappeared, "but in the place thereof now stands the Navy Office, a noble structure ; and within the compass of it many other fine buildings."^ The site of the Monastery is now covered by a great pile of ware- houses, originally the Up-Town depot of the East India Company, and subsequently sold to the East India Dock Company which, in 1838, was united with the West India Dock Company. In 1888 the Joint Company ' The deed of surrender signed by Raphael Tornar and five others, was enrolled the same day in the Court of Chancery. Letters and papers of the reign of Henry VIII, Ed. J. Gairdner, vol. xiii, pt. 2, p. 320. 2 " History of London," by W. Maitland, vol. ii, p. 782. PP 2 292 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET was by Act of Parliament united with the London and St. Katherine Docks' Company. Adjoining the south part of the choir, or chancel, of the Church The of the Friars, in Coopers' Row, formerly called Woodroff Lane, Sir Almshouses. John Milbourne, draper. Mayor of London in 1521, founded thirteen alms- houses, and bequeathed them, in trust, to the Drapers' Company. Over the gate, towards the street, there was an ancient inscription on a four-square stone, still remaining in 1775,' also, representation of the As- sumption of our Blessed Lady supported by six angels in a cloud of glory. The inscription was "Ad laudem Dei & gloriose Virginis MARIE, hoc Opus erexit Dominus JOHANNES MILBOURNE, Miles & Alder- man hujus Civitatis, a.d. 1535. Sir John Milbourne was a benefactor to the Monastery, and set up a tomb in the Church of the Friars in his life time, and appointed an obit to be kept there. He was buried in the Monastery Church, but his body was afterwards removed to the Church of St. Edmund the King. The almshouses were still standing, with their pretty gardens at the back of them, when I came to the Parish in 1861, but they were not to remain much longer. The Drapers' Company had purchased an estate at Tottenham, and erected thereon in 1862, at a cost exceeding ^20,000, a school-house for fifty boys, with suitable accommodation for the masters, ' Maitland, vol. ii, p. 786, edition published in 1775. THE MILBOURNE ALMSHOUSES GATE\VA\. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 293 etc., and twenty-four almshouses. To these houses, in the same year, were transferred the almsfolk from Coopers' Row (and from the Company's Almshouses, in Beech Lane, Barbican), and extensive warehouses soon covered the site in Coopers' Row. The ancient piece of sculpture which was over the gateway, is still preserved in the new buildings at Tottenham, but the inscription has long since disappeared. The next building that claims attention is the Navy Office, where j,^g -^ all affairs belonging to the Royal Navy were managed by seven Q.^j'^^g", Commissioners, under the Lord High Admiral or Commissioners of the F™rs and o beelhing Admiralty. It formerly stood in Seething Lane, partly on the site of the ^™^- Monastery of Crutched Friars, partly on the site of the Chantry or Royal Free Chapel of St. Mary de Berking, a distinct building from the church of Allhallows Barking, according to Maskell, though he states that he once thought it attached to the main building. " This chapel and college were suppressed and pulled down in the year 1548, the 2nd of King Edward VI. The ground was employed as a garden plot during the reigns of King Edward, Queen Mary, and part of that of Queen Elizabeth, till at length a large strong frame of timber and brick was set thereon, and employed as a storehouse of merchants' goods brought from the sea, by Sir William Winter." — Stow, p. 50. Sir William Winter was Surveyor of the Queen's ships. The Navy Office was in two wards. Nearly the whole of the first court with the side buildings, and some part of the office itself, were in Aldgate Ward; and the rest of the building, which formed the back part, was in Tower Ward. The arrangements of the buildings were somewhat like those at the Royal Mint; the office where the Commissioners met being placed in the midst of a large court, apart from the residences of the Commissioner and principal officers, for the greater security of the books, &c., from fire. There were three entrances, the chief gate was in Crutched Friars, the others in Seething Lane, and Muscovy Court, but the last was merely a back passage with a door into the Navy Office. Reference has been made on p. 272, to Pepys as Clerk of the Acts, occupying a residence in Seething Lane which adjoined and belonged to the Navy Office. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 295 Mr. Wheatley mentions some facts of interest in connection with the Navy Office. " Nelson's uncle, Captain Maurice Suckling, was Comptroller of the Navy, and resided in this building. The hero was living with him when he passed his examination for his lieutenancy, or, as he called it, ' my Master of Arts degree.' Another uncle, William Suckling, and his own eldest brother, Maurice Nelson, were also employed in the office. The earliest letter of Nelson's, which has been preserved, is dated Navy Office, April 14, 1777."' The building in Seething Lane was sold, and the business of the Navy removed in 1786 to Somerset House, the present building, which had then been recently erected on the site of the palace of the Protector Somerset. In 1869 the business of the Admiralty was transferred from Somerset House to Spring Gardens, Charing Cross. There was a house in Mark Lane described in 1684 as " that ^heoid Navy Ortice m which was the Navy Office." Strype wrote in 1720, "Mark Lane, or Mark Lane. Mart Lane being so called from a mart there formerly kept. A place now well inhabited with divers large houses for merchants, but for the generality all old timber houses. The greatest part of this Lane is in Tower Ward, to wit from Tower Street unto that part where the Post and Chain is placed thwart the street which is above the west end of Hart Street. And in this part of the Lane are these places, viz.. Sugar Loaf Alley which is but indifferent, over against which is the old Navy Office." In the St. Olave's Poor Rate Books the rating of the Navy Office, Crutched Friars, first appears in 1656. See p. 234. In 1684 there is this entry " Mad".^ Bland for that which was the Navy Office [in Mark Lane] 13^-. a^d." See p. 235. From this evidence it appears that the building in Mark Lane was used as a Navy Office prior to 1656, and that afterwards, probably in 1660, its business was transferred to the then new Navy Office in Crutched Friars and Seething Lane, which latter Office, according to the Rate Books, was connected with St. Olave's parish from 1656 to 1786. ' London Past and Present, edited by H. B. Wheatley, vol. ii, p. 577. 296 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAFE'S HART STREET. Strype's Map indicates the position of the old Navy Office. In passing from Hart Street to Mark Lane turn to the left, i.e., in the direction of Tower Street, then about 20 yards from Hart Street on the left-hand side was Sugar Loaf Alley, and directly facing this, on right- hand side of Mark Lane, stood the old Navy Office. In Crutched Friars several persons of distinction formerly cmtched resided. Dr. William Turner's botanical garden in London, probably *"*'■^■ on part of the Monastery grounds, has been referred to, p. 265. Turner dedicated to Queen Elizabeth his New Herball, 1568, from "my house at London in the crossed Fryers." Dr. Baro, or Baron, ordained by Calvin himself, on vacating the Lady Margaret Professorship at Cambridge, in consequence of a sermon on the Lambeth Articles of 1595, preached, 12th January, 1596, at St. Mary's, which gave great offence to the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Colleges, came to reside in Dyer's Yard, Crutched Friars Street, over against St. Olave's Church. He died there in 1599, and was carried to his grave by six Doctors of Divinity ; Mr. Simpson, the Rector, preaching the funeral sermon. "The feature which invests Baro's career with its chief importance, is the fact that he was almost the first divine in England, holding an authoritative position, who ventured to combat the endeavour to impart to the creed of the Church of England a definitely ultra- Calvinistic character, and he thus takes rank as the leader in the counter movement, which, under Bancroft, Andrewes, Laud, and other divines, gained such ascendency in the Church of England in the first half of the following century." About 1620, it being asked at Court what the Arminians held, the reply was made that they held all the best bishoprics and deaneries in England.' Dr. White Kennett was also a resident about a century afterwards. He was Minister of St. Botolph, Aldgate, 1699; Dean of Peterborough, 1707; Bishop of Peterborough, 1718; died, 1728. See p. 141, Kennett's Visitation charge. Dr. Kennett dated a letter from Crutchet Fryers, Decemb. 8th, 171 1, censuring Thomas Hearne, for having represented 'J. Bass Mullinger in Diet, of National Biography, vol. iii, p. 266. Also see Cooper's " Athence Cantab," vol. ii, p. 274. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 297 him as casting- a d6ubt on the legitimacy of WilHam of Wickham, and Thomas Hearne's reply, December 12th, is superscribed, "For the Reverend Dr. White Kennett, Dean of Peterborough, at his House in Crutchet Fryers, London."' Before we pass from Crutched Friars, attention should be called to a solitary example in the parish of an antique London house, with projecting stories, N°- 6 in this street. It is very probable that before long, a modern building will take the place of this remnant of the past. Returning through Crutched Friars and Hart Street to the Mark Lane. western side of the parish, and the street which in this direction almost forms the boundary, viz., Mark Lane; it has been already observed that other contiguous parishes share Mark Lane with us, and this is true of the principal buildings in it. The Old and the New Corn Exchanges, for instance, are partly situated in the parish of Allhallows Barking, and partly in that of St. Olave Hart Street. The Old Corn Exchange was first opened in 1747; was enlarged and partly rebuilt in 1827-28, and completely rebuilt from the designs of Mr. Edward LAnson, in 1881. The market days are Mondays, Wed- nesdays, and Fridays, but Monday is the principal day, and the hours of business are from eleven till three. By an Act passed in 1872, abolishing compulsory metage, a fixed duty of T^d. per cwt. was granted for thirty years to the city, and is called the City of London Grain Duty. This duty is levied on all grain imported into the Port of London for sale, and the amount is applied for the preservation of open spaces. The New Corn Exchange was built in 1827, under the direction of the architect, Mr. George Smith. It adjoins and communicates with the Old Corn Exchange. The Commercial Sale Rooms are situated on the western side of Mark Lane, and have recently been rebuilt. They extend from Mark Lane to Mincing Lane, ' The Itinerary of John Leland, vol. vii, first part, pp. xvii and xx, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1744. QQ 298 THE ANNALS OF ST. OLAVE'S HART STREET. The London and Blackwall Railway Terminus, Fenchurch l & b. r. Street, must not be passed unnoticed. Part of the station is in the "^^^'""5. parish of St. Katherine Coleman, the remainder is in the united parishes of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining. This railway, which was opened in 1841, greatly changed the appearance of the parish of St. Olave ; passing as it did through the centre of it and crossing Crutched Friars, it at once completely severed Gould Square, and, through a somewhat recent widening of the railway, destroyed it altogether. The railway is five miles seventeen chains in length, built upon arches, and was worked originally by two pairs of stationary engines, one of 400 horse-power at the Minories station, the other of 200 horse-power, at Blackwall. Ropes made first of hemp, afterwards changed for wire (of four strands, each composed of forty-two wires), were attached to the carriages and extended along the whole length of the railway, guided by grooved pulleys, and coiled alternately at each extremity on drums. The ordinary railway engines were substituted early in 1849. The portion of the line from Fenchurch Street to the Minories was very costly ; it is only 450 yards in length, and is said to have involved an outlay of ^'250,000. The Great Eastern Railway Company erected in 1882 a Station at the South-west corner of John Street, Crutched Friars. It is called the Fenchurch Street Station (John Street entrance) and is the Terminus of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. ALLHALLOWS, STAINING. CHAPTER XVIII. The Cloth-workers' Hall. The present Hall in Mincing Lane inaugurated by the Prince Consort, i860. King James I made a Member of the Clothworkers^ Company in ido^. Guild of Telarii, 1456. Guild of Fullers, incorporated 1480. Guild of Sheermen, incorporated ijo8. Fusion of Guilds of Fullers and Sheermen in the Corporation of Clothworkers^ i8th January, 1328. Liberal aids to Technical Education given during the last 2j years by the Clothworkers' Company to — i. The Yorkshire College of Science ; 2. The City and Guilds of London Institute of Technical Education. Mincing Lane, origin of the name. Fenchurch Sti-eet, supposed origin of the name; Kifig Henry the Eighth's Head Tavern. The Ironmonger^ Hall ; the Company incorporated 1464. The Liber Horn MS., ijoi. The Book of Orders for the Companie, I4g8. "Loans and Benevolences" in 1323. The present Hall in Fenchurch Street, built in 174S. The Company's revenue. J^6,joo per annum from the Betton Trust in aid of Church of England Schools. Annual subsidy to the City and Guilds of London Lnstitute at South Kensington. The Elephant Tavern, Fenchurch Street ; tradition concerning the paintings on the walls, said to have been by Hogarth. Billiter Street and Billiter Square. THE CLOTHWORKERS' HALL. ^^^^^^HE Hall is situated in Mincing Lane, and is bounded on the eastern side by the Churchyard of Allhallows Staining, but only a small part of the building is in this parish, by far the larger part being in the parish of St. Dunstan-in- the-East. Since the union of the parish of Allhallows with St. Olave's, the Clothworkers' Company have regarded the Church of St. Olave Hart Street as their Parish Church, and on Election days the Master, Wardens, and Court of Assistants, and their Pensioners have there attended Divine Service. QQ 2 TIIK CLOTUWORKERS' HALL. Opened by the rriine Consoit in I860. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 301 The original Hall, much damaged but not wholly destroyed in the Great Fire, was a small building, principally of red brick. Pepys writes, September 7, 1666 : — " But strange it is to see Clothworkers' Hall on fire, these three days and nights in one body of flame, it being the cellar full of oyle." This building was repaired, and for nearly two hundred years afterwards it was the scene of the charities and hospitalities of the Company. In 1856 and following years the present noble edifice, was erected from the design of Mr. Samuel Angell, Architect, and opened by the Prince Consort, March 27th, i860. The front is of Portland stone in the style of the Renaissance period, with Corinthian pilasters, and boldly carved enrichments. The court room and court dining room are on the ground floor, and a grand staircase, lighted by a cupola, leads to the banqueting hall, a splendid room, eighty feet long, forty feet in width and in height. It is divided into five bays at the sides, and three bays at the ends, by Corin- thian columns of Aberdeen granite, resting on granite pedestals. It has a coffered ceiling carried by a cove, which is pierced with semi-circular windows, filled with the arms of the twelve great City Companies. Five large windows on the east side of the Hall are filled with stained glass, in which are emblazoned the arms of the Company and of past masters and benefactors ; the most conspicuous being those of William Lambe,' Master in 1569, one of the gentlemen of the King's Chapel ; of Samuel Pepys, Master in 1677, and of his constant companion, William Hewer, "Will, my boy;" Master of the Clothworkers' Company in 1682, and a Commissioner of the Navy. Pepys presented to the Company, in 1678, a richly chased silver cup, said to be the work of Benvenuto Cellini. At the upper end of the Hall are two gilt statues, of life size, of ' Lambe purchased from King Henry VIII the hermitage — afterwards called Lambe's Chapel, Monkwell Street, Cripplegate — and gave it to the Clothworkers' Company, !ee p. 331. 302 THE ANNALS OF ALLH ALLOWS' STAINING. James I and Charles I, replicas in 1678 of similar statues that were destroyed in the Fire of London. King James I was admitted a member of the Clothworkers' Company in 1607. The circumstances attending his admission are thus described : " King James I, June 12, 1607, dined with the Lord Mayor, Sir John Watts, Clothworker ; and after went into the Clothworkers' Hall. And there was made free of that Company. . . . The Lord Mayor at this dinner presented the King with a Purse of Gold. And when he was ready to depart the said Mayor besought him out of the great favour which he had professed to the Clothworkers Society in particular, that his Majesty would vouchsafe to be free of the Clothworkers. Which the King readily accepted. And descending from the Dining Room went into the Hall, the Mayor bearing the sword before him. And there he was received by the Master, Wardens and Assistants. Unto whom the King spake kindly and with respect. And asking who was Master of the Company, the Lord Mayor answered, Sir William Stone. To whom the King then said. Wilt thou make me free of the Clothworkers ? Yea, said the Master, and do think myself a happy man that I live to see this day. Then said the King, Stone, give me thy hand. And now I am a Clothworker. And after that he walked into the garden, and then into the great Parlour, the Lord Mayor bearing the sword before him. And while he sat there the Earls of Shrewsbury and Cumberland being both free of that Company, presented his Majesty with Bread and Wine. Then rising up, he said. Now I drink unto all my good Brethren the Clothworkers. And I pray God to bless them all, and all good Clothworkers. And for proof of our special favour to the Fraternity, I do here give unto this Company two brace of bucks yearly for ever, against the Time of the Election of the Master and Wardens. Then the Master, the Wardens and Assistants humbly thanked his Majesty; and having kissed his hand, the King departed." Strype, book V, p. 198, ed. 1720. A few words as to the origin of the Clothworkers' Company may be of interest. It was formed by the union of two guilds, the Fullers and the Sheermen. The craft of Fullers and the fraternity of Sheermen arose out of an association of persons subsidiary to the ancient Guild of Telarii, THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 303 or woollen weavers. By a Deed, dated 15th July, 1456 (36 Henry VI), John Badby did remise, etc., unto John Hungerford and others, citizens and sheermen of London, a tenement and mansion house, shops, cellars, and other the appurtenances lying in Minchin Lane (now Clothworkers' Hall) to the use of themselves and their heirs for ever. The FuHers were incorporated the 28th April, 1480(20 Edward IV). The Fullers resided in the neighbourhood of Whitechapel Church, which was originally called St. Mary Matfellon, from " the fullers' teasel " (Matfellon) which grew in the neighbouring fields. The Sheermen (cloth shearers) were incorporated 24th January, 1508 (23 Henry VII). The two Companies were united i8th January, 1528 (19 Henry VIII), under the name and style of "The Master, Wardens, and Com- monalty of Freemen of the Art or Mystery of Clothworkers of the City of London." It is the twelfth on the list of the twelve great companies, from one of which, for very many years, the Lord Mayor was always elected. There is a prevalent impression that the members of a city guild must in all cases have followed the trade after which the guild is called. City Companies grew out of religious Fraternities which were associated with definite handicrafts ; it is evident, therefore, that the practice of the same trade was the original bond of union in a City guild, but as guilds developed this rule was relaxed under the constitutional law of the transmission of the freedom by patrimony to males and females. In the charter of Queen Elizabeth, 8th July, 2 Elizabeth, 1560, of the five persons named as Master and Wardens, all but one were of other trades, and not master or artisan clothworkers. This Company, however, in common with others, has not by any means forgotten the industries with which it was at first specially associated. Some years ago, the Court invited to a conference at their hall, the leading manufacturers of Yorkshire and of the West of England, and it was resolved, as the best method of achieving the object they had in view, to create at 304 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. Leeds, in connection with the Yorkshire College of Science, then in course of being established there, a department of textile industries. As a result the Clothworkers' wing of the Yorkshire College, comprising the Textile industries, Dyeing, and Art Departments, has been built, 1877, and equipped by the Company at an expense of ^34,000, and is maintained by them at an annual cost of ^2,300. It is said to be the best Institution in Europe for the technical training of youths in the Textile, Dyeing and allied industries. The Company's next work was in connection with the City and Guilds of London Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education, the inception of which was very materially due to the Clothworkers' Com- pany. The total of the Company's subscriptions to the building and maintenance of this Institute up to the present time amounts to ^65,000. Subventions, too, of a considerable amount have been made to the following Technical Schools in Yorkshire : Bradford, Huddersfield, Halifax, Dewsbury, Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Battley, Ossett, Wakefield. Also to University College, Bristol (Chair of Chemistry) ; Trowbridge and Westbury, Wilts ; Stroud (Gloucester) ; and to Glasgow ; likewise to the Polytechnics which are springing up in and near London, especially to the Northern Polytechnic at Islington, which would never have come into existence but for the liberal aid of the Clothworkers' Company.' These examples will be sufficient to show that in days when every old institution is expected to justify its existence, the Clothworkers' Company is able to prove that it still does good and useful work. Mincing Lane runs from Fenchurch Street to Great Tower Minting Street, and forms the centre of the market for tea, sugar, spices, and ^"^• colonial produce generally. Only one house at the north-east corner of Mincing Lane is in the parish of Allhallows. Stow gives the derivation of the name thus : — "Mincheon-lane, so called of tenements there, some- time pertaining to the Minchuns or Nuns of St. Helen's, in Bishopsgate Street. . . In this lane, of old time dwelt divers strangers, born of Genoa, and those parts; these were commonly called Galley-men, as men 'Sir Owen Roberts, J. P., D.C.L., Clerk to the Clothworkers' Company, kindly supplied the above particulars of the Company's subventions. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 305 that came up in the galleys, brought up wines and other merchandises, which they landed in Thames Street at a place called Galley-Key. They had a certain coin of Silver amongst themselves, which were half- pence of Genoa, and were called Galley-half-pence. These half-pence were forbidden in the 13"" year of King Henry the Fourth; and again, by Parliament in the 4"" of Henry the Fifth. . . . Notwithstanding, in my youth I have seen them pass current, but with some difficulty, for that the English half-pence were then, though not so broad, somewhat thicker and stronger." Stow, p. 50. Alderman Beckford, the father of the author of Vathek [see Ironmongers' Hall, p. 309], had his counting house in Dunster's Court, Mincing Lane. At the corner of Mincing Lane and Fenchurch Street, in one of the prettiest scenes in any of his later works, Dickens makes Bella Wilfer sit waiting in the canary-coloured chariot, while her father asks leave to dine with her at Greenwich.' Fenchurch Street, only a small part of which, however, is in penchurch the parish of AUhallows Staining, is first mentioned in the City Books Street. in 1276, as Fancherche. Stow states, 1598, that it "took that name of a fenny, or moorish ground, so made by means of this borne [Langborne] which passed through it ; and therefore, until this day, in the Guildhall of this City that Ward is called by the name of Langborne, and Fennie-about, and not otherwise; yet others be of opinion that it took that name of Foenum, that is, hay sold there, as Grasse Street [Gracechurch Street] took the name of grass or herbs there sold. It is recorded that William Wallace was lodged as a prisoner on his first arrival in London in the house of William de Leyre, a citizen in the Parish of AUhallows Staining, at the end of Fenchurch Street. Local tradition reported that, in Queen Mary's reign, the Princess Elizabeth on her release (in May, 1554) from the Tower, where she had been imprisioned, attended Divine Service at the Church of AUhallows Staining, and returned thanks to God for her liberation. After Service she dined off pork and peas at ' " Our Mutual Friend," p. 202. RR 3o6 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. " Henry the Eighth's Head Tavern," where a metal dish and cover, said to have been used by the Princess, are still shown." This historic tavern at the north-west corner of Mark Lane and Fenchurch Street, afterwards called the " King's Head," has been recently rebuilt, and is now known as the " London Tavern," a regrettable change of name from an antiquarian point of view. THE IRONMONGERS' HALL. On the north side of Fenchurch Street, a litde to the west of Billiter Street, is Ironmongers' Hall. The Company was incorporated in the third year of Edward IV (1463- 1464) by the name of the Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of the Mystery or Craft of Ironmongers of London. Their arms, first granted by Lancaster King of Arms, 1455, were ratified and confirmed 22 Henry VIII, 2 Elizabeth (1559-1560), and again in 1634, 10 Charles I. The Ironmongers of London are mentioned for the first time in the Liber Horn, an old manuscript still preserved in the City records. The writer, who was the Chamberlain of the City, records a complaint by the Ferones, i.e., such as dealt in iron, made to Elia Russel, the Mayor, against the smiths of the wealds, and other merchants. They were charged with bringing down irons of wheels for carts to the City of London, much shorter than was anciently accustomed. Whereupon an inquisition was taken of lawful and honest men, who presented three iron rods of the anciently used length, sealed with the seals of the Chamber of Guildhall, whereof one was retained in the said Chamber, another was delivered to John Dode and Robert de ' Mailland's account of the Princess Elizabeth's visit to AUhallows' Church is : — "On Trinity Sunday, the 19th May, An. 1554, the Princess Elizabeth being by order of Queen Mary, her sister, removed from her long and severe imprisonment in the Tower of London to the Castle of Woodstoclc, on her journey thither was permitted to perform her devotions in this church ; where after sermon, she gave a handsome gratuity to the parish clerk, who, overjoyed at the honour, took divers of his friends home with him to dine on a leg of pork which he had for dinner. And in grateful commemoration of the Princess's bounty, annually on that day invited divers neighbours to dine with him on the same [kind of] dish ; which anniversary he carefully kept up during his life. And after his death, some gentlemen of the parish being willing to perpetuate an anniversary, on that occasion changed the time to the 17th of November, the day of Elizabeth's accession to the Crown; on which day, by an amicable contribution, they have an annual dinner (under the management of one chosen by the name of General), the principal dishes whercoFare boiled legs of pork." Hist, of London, 1756, vol. ii, p. 1058. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 307 Padington, Ironmongers of the Market, and the third to John de Wymondeham, Ironmonger of the Bridge. Irons not of the length and breadth of such standard irons were in future to be forfeited. This was in 29th Edward I (i 300-1 301), much earlier than the first charter granted to the Company. The earliest book in the Company's possession is entitled a "Book of Orders for the Companie," begun 1498, 13 Henry VII. The following entry will shew the extent to which the Company suffered IRONMONGERS HALL, FENCHURCH STREET. From aprint, published iSii, belonging to the Ironmongers' Company. by the exactions of Henry VIII, termed loans and benevolences: — "1523. King Harry the VIII in the xiiij year of his reign borrowed, of the City of London 23,000/. of the which sum of money he com- manded to have all the money and plate that was belonging to any Hall or Craft in London, to the intent that the money might be lent with the more ease, at the which commandment he had all our money belonging RR 2 3o8 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. to our Hall, that was the sum of 25/. \^d. ; and also we sold at that time this parcel of plate." A list of plate is given, and of the members of the Company who at that time lent money to the King. The Wardens' accounts date from 1541, 2>2) Henry VIII, and illustrate the manners and customs of the citizens of London. Their favourite amusements were the pageant, and afterwards the play, and reception pageants, when the sovereign condescended to visit the City, were as popular as they are in our time, muiatis mutandis. There was great expense, and sometimes great ostentation, at funerals ; see p. 238, funeral charges, Bayning, 1629, ^2,000 ; and p. 267, Deane, ^500. The principal Companies kept State palls, many of which, especially those belonging to the Ironmongers', were of great beauty. The inferiority of iron in these days to that which was in use some three hundred years ago is well known, and is due to the employment of coal in place of wood in the smelting. One of the early events connected with the Company in the reign of Elizabeth, is an Act for the preservation of timber, by limiting its use for smelting iron. All trees growing within fourteen miles of the sea or of the principal rivers, that were more than a foot square at the lower end, were ordered to be reserved for this purpose. The Old Hall of the Ironmongers, an Elizabethan building on the site of the present hall, escaped the Great Fire of London, though it was in great danger. In 1673, the parishioners of Allhallows Staining, their church having fallen down, made application to the Ironmongers' Company for the use of their hall for divine service, a request which was readily granted. The present hall was erected in 1748, from the designs of Thomas Holden. The front is of Portland stone, with pilasters of the Ionic Order ; and a central pediment contains the Company's arms. The hall, approached by a noble staircase, faces the street, and has an air of comfort, as well as of elegance. It was decorated in the Elizabethan style in 1847. The wainscotting displays the arms of past masters, and other important members, the earliest shield being that of Richard de Eure, 135 1. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 309 Among the portraits, the most conspicuous are those of Izaak Walton, who was admitted to the Freedom in November, 161 8, and served as Warden of the Yeomanry 1637-1639; Sir Robert Geffery, Lord Mayor, 1685; Thomas Betton, benefactor; Viscount Hood, by Gains- borough ; and Lord Exmouth, by Sir W. Beechey. A figure of St. Lawrence, martyr, a.d., 258, the patron Saint of the Company, is over the doorway. In the court room also there are portraits of interest, e.g., Rowland Heylin, Master in 1614; Nicholas Leat, Master in 1616, 1626 and 1627 ; Thomas Hanby, Master in 1775; John Nicholl, Historian of the Company,' and Master, in 1859 ; and S. Adams Beck, Clerk of the Company, 1834- 1883; whose son, Mr. R. C. Adams Beck, has succeeded him. On the landing of the great staircase is the marble statue, formerly at Fonthill, of Alderman William Beckford, Master of the Company, 1753, presented by his son, the author of " Vaikek." This Company, although one of the twelve, is not one of the wealthiest. It is reputed to have an income of about ;^2 2,000, but of this amount about ^12,000 is derived from Trust property. The Company has recently disposed of its Irish estates ; and as its income has been de- creasing the Corporation has been compelled to restrict expenditure in charity and hospitality. Of the charities committed to the care of the Ironmongers' Company — the principal is that of Thomas Betton. By his will, dated 15th February, 1723, he provided for: — (i), the redemption of British slaves in Turkey and Barbary ; (2), Church of England schools in the City and suburbs of London ; (3), a payment of ^10 annually to the chaplain of Sir Robert Geffery's almshouses ; (4), the repair of Geffery's tomb, also of Betton's ; (5), the relief of poor freemen of the Company, and their widows and children. After the capture of Algiers by Lord Exmouth in 18 16, there were no British slaves to be redeemed, and, consequently, in 1830 a scheme was settled by the Court of Chancery, under which, after setting aside £'j,ooo for the possible redemption of slaves, the remainder of the fund ' Some Account of the Worshipful Company of Ironmongers, by John Nicholl, 2nd edition, 4to, 1866. 3IO THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. now producing about ^6,500 per annum, is devoted to the promotion of education according to the principles of the Church of England, by- annual grants of from ^5 to ;^20 to about 1,100 schools. Lack of space prevents my referring in detail to the other charities administered by the Company, but mention should be made of the fact that out of their corporate funds liberal contributions have been made in support of technical education. The City and Guilds of London Institute, at South Kensington, for example, from its beginning has received an annual donation varying from 250 to 500 guineas." The following extracts from the diaries of Pepys and Evelyn are of interest : 1662, Nov. 28th. Up and to Ironmongers' Hall by ten o'clock to the funeral of Sir Richard Stayner. Here we were, all the officers of the Navy, and my Lord Sandwich. . . Here we had good rings, and by and by were to take coach ; and I, being got in with Mr. Creed, into a four-horse coach, which they come and told us were only for the mourners, I went out, and so took this occasion to go home. — Pepys. 167 1, Sept. 2 1 St. I dined in the City, at the fraternity feast in Yronmongers' Hall where the four stewards chose their successors for the next year, with a solemn procession, garlands about their heads, and music playing before them ; so, coming up to the upper tables where the gentlemen sate, they drank to the new stewards ; and so we parted. — Evelyn. This custom is still in use on Election day at several of the Companies : for example, the Grocers', the Clothworkers', etc. ; but the Ironmongers' Company has ceased to observe it. An interesting discovery was made in i860, beneath the courtyard of Ironmonger Hall, Fenchurch Street, of a stone coffin, measuring only 2 ft. 2 in. in length, its width at the head being 7^ inches, and at the base 5 inches; the chamfer i inch wide and 2^ deep; the length of the cross I ft. 7^ ins., and the stone 4 inches in thickness. The coffin, therefore, is one of the smallest ever found. A representation of it, is given in the ' I am indebted for the above details to tlie Idndness of Mr. R. C. Adams Beck, Clerk to the Ironmongers' Company. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 311 Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, at the end of vol. ii, a.d. 1864, but no suggestion was offered, it would seem, as to the date of the coffin, though the discovery led to some discussion. N°- 1 19, Fenchurch Street, a few doors west of the Ironmongers' The ij ,. . Elephant Hall, is a tavern known now as " The Elephant," and standmg on Tavem. the site of a house of historic fame. At the time of the Great Fire, 1666, the " Elephant and Castle " tavern, as it was then called, being built of stone, resisted the flames, and afforded shelter to many who had escaped from the neighbouring houses that were in ruins. William Hogarth (originally spelt Hogart) lodged here for some time after his father's death, supporting himself by the sale of engravings on copper. In 1727, while living here, he received a commission to make a tapestry design for Joshua Morris, the upholsterer and tapestry worker. The subject was to be " The Element of Earth," and the price £^^0 ; but Morris having been told that the designer was an engraver and not a painter, repented of his bargain before the work was finished, and then refused to pay for it. Hogarth sued Morris, and the case was argued in May, 1728, before Chief Justice Eyre. What the result was, is not very certain, for Nichols says that Morris was defeated, while Allan Cunningham implies the contrary. Austin Dobson agrees with Nichols, and in a note endeavours to account for the discrepancy; but Hare, in his "Walks in London," sides with Cunningham, and states that Hogarth vainly sued for payment in the Courts. " It is believed," he continues, " that this loss induced him to run so far into debt with his landlord that he consented to wipe off the score with his brush by caricaturing on the wall of the ' Elephant ' tap room the parochial authorities who had insulted his landlord by removing the scene of their annual orgie to a tavern ' Henry the Eighth's Head ' opposite, and insulted Hogarth himself by omitting to send his accustomed invitation." The famous picture, "A Midnight Modern Conversation,"' was the result, in which every phase of riotry and intoxication was represented, and which delighted the landlord by attracting half London to his house. The host of the " Elephant " was only too glad to obliterate a second score for the ^ See Dobson's " William Hogarth,'' p. 253, which gives 1733 as the date of this picture; but makes no mention of the others. 312 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. picture of the " Hudson's Bay Company Porters going to Dinner," in which Fenchurch Street, as it then was, was represented ; and to these greater pictures the paintings of Harlequin and Pierrot, and of Harlow Bush Fair, were afterwards added, so that the " Elephant " became a little gallery of the best works of Hogarth. This pretty tradition, however, has been called in question. The walls of the " Elephant " were adorned with paintings which acquired some celebrity, but there is some doubt as to whether these should be attributed to William Hogarth. When the " Elephant" was about to be taken down in 1826, great numbers of people went to see these " paintings by Hogarth." They were purchased by a picture dealer, successfully removed from the walls, and exhibited in a gallery in Pall Mall, without, it is said, convincing the experts that they were works of Hogarth. Billiter Street, which is partly in the Parish of Allhallows Biiiiter street. Staining, is on the northern side of Fenchurch Street, opposite Mark Lane. It is mentioned as " Belyetereslane " in the will of Roger Crede, draper, 1385, Husi., and as " Belleyeterslane " in Jordon's, 1470 flust. According to Stow, " Belzettar's Lane was so called from the first builder and owner thereof; now corruptly called Billitar Lane." "A place consisting formerly of poor and ordinary houses, where it seems needy and beggarly people used to inhabit ; whence the proverb, used in antient times, 'A bawdy beggar of Billiter-lane,' which Sir Thomas More somewhere used in his book which he wrote against Tindal." Strype, book ii, chap, iv, p. 54. But Professor Skeat, in his " Introductory Lecture on Anglo-Saxon," states that "Billiter Lane is Bell-zeter's Lane, the lane where the bell- founders lived." And this is the more probable from the frequency with which City thoroughfares were named from the trades carried on in them, e.g., Ironmongers' Lane, Bucklersbury, Leather Lane, Sopers' Lane, Milk Street, Bread Street, but, we have no record of bellfounders in Billiter Lane. THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS. 313 Maitland/ in 1756, described BiUiter Lane, thus: "The Buildings in Billiter Lane are mostly very old ruinous Timber houses, and may serve to give us the best idea of the manner in which this City was generally built before the Fire. But the inhabitants are chiefly petty shop-keepers. On the East Side, the East India Company have built large warehouses, and there are several good modern buildings. . . At the South-east corner of Billiter Lane in Fenchurch Street was a house or an estate belonging to Cardinal Wolsey, now made two houses, almost facing London Street." Billiter Square is on the west side of Billiter Street. Biiuter Square. Maitland thus refers to it: "About the middle of [Billiter Street] on the west side, is Billiter Square, an handsome, open, and airy place graced with good new brick buildings, well inhabited ; and out of this square to the south-west, is a handsome Free-stone Passage, called Smith's Rents, which leadeth down Fishmongers'-Alley to Fenchurch Street." " In a large paved court, dose by Billiter Square, Stands a mansion old but in thorough repair." Ingoldsby Legends (The Bagman's Dog). Voltaire, when in England (1726 to 1729), asked a correspondent John Brinsden, wine merchant, to send him tidings of Lady Bolingbroke's health, and " direct y"' letter by the penny post at Mr. Cavalier, Bellitery Square, by the Royal Exchange." ° Nathan Basevi, grandfather of the Earl of Beaconsfield, lived in Billiter Square; and on January loth, 1802, Isaac D'Israeli, Esq., of the Adelphi, married Miss Basevi, of Billiter Square. Mr. William Manning, M.P., a Director of the Bank of England, and father of the late Cardinal Manning, was living here when he married the niece of Lord Carrington.^ ' " History of London,'' vol. ii, p. 778. 2 "Notes and Queries," March 28th, 1868, 4th series., vol. i, p. 293. ^For aid in this chapter, relating to Fenchurch Street, Billiter Street, and Billiter Square, I am indebted to Mr. H. B. Wheatley's valuable work, "London, Past and Present." SS 314 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. During the last few years all the houses on the north side of the square, and nearly all on the south side, have been rebuilt, and an avenue of offices has been opened westward to Lime Street Square. Having in this chapter described the principal buildings in the Parish of Allhallows Staining, I purpose giving in the following five chapters (xix-xxiii), a short account of its ecclesiastical history, treating of its church, monuments (except such as have been mentioned in chapter viii), register, advowson, incumbents, and lastly, of the valuable and remarkable parochial records of four centuries contained in the churchwardens' books. PARISH BOUNDARY STONE IN LONDON STREET. CON'l'INUATION MARK, REMOVED FROM A SITUATION TWKNTY-FIVE KEET NOKTMWARl), IN OCTOBER, 1853. A SHORT ACCOUNT OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. THE PARISH, PARISH CHURCH, AND ADVOWSON. CHAPTER XIX. The dedication Allhallows equivalent in meaning to All Saints. Suggested explanation why neighbouring parishes have the same dedication. The adjunct " Staining" thought to signify that Allhallows was one of the earliest City churches built of stone. Parish of Allhallows Staining mentioned in a will proved in 1281. Conjecture as to the age of the Parish. Collapse of the Church fabric, except the Tower, in idji. Re-built 1674. The Church of Allhallows taken down in i8jO. The Advowson belonged to the De Waltham family in 133S ; the Benefice was given to a Monastery in 1367; after 1539 became a ^'perpetual curacy;" was made a donative in 1607. Hugh Barcroft, owner 1620-1662 ; his idea of a donative. Ultimately the patronage belonged to the Company of Grocers. Endowment of Allhallows Staining under London (City) Tithes Act 1864, £1,600. Particulars of three Churches built and endowed by the Grocers' Company out of funds accruing from Allhallows Staining. HE dedication, Allhallows, was in Pre- Reformation times a favourite one for churches. In later years a dedication of similar meaning, i.e., All Saints, has been preferred, and the term Allhallows is now usually restricted to All Hallows' Eve, October 31st. It can scarcely escape notice that the churches of many City Parishes have the same dedication, though the parishes are near one another, sometimes even contiguous. Thus in the heart of the City no less than eleven churches were placed under the protection of St. Mary the Virgin, viz., the mother church of St. Mary Aldermary ; and the daughter ss 2 3i6 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. churches distinguished by the adjuncts of Le Bow, Abchurch, Bothaw, Somerset, Mounthaw, Woolnoth and Woolchurch (united after the Great Fire), Colechurch, Staining, and furthest from the centre, Aldermanbury. In the eastern division of the City no one dedication prevailed so widely, but the parish of St. Katherine Cree adjoins that of St. Katherine Coleman, AUhallows Staining almost touches the parish of Allhallows Barking, while the churches of Allhallows Lombard Street, and Allhallows London Wall, are at no great distance apart. There were eight churches in the City dedicated to Allhallows, but only three of these now remain. The probable reason why neighbouring parishes have the same dedication is, that many of these parishes were formed through the sub- division of the original parish. When new churches were erected in a parish and districts assigned to them, the daughter churches retained the same dedication as the original parish, but added to this some local distinctive title. The Parish of Allhallows is commonly supposed to have received its distinctive adjunct Staining, or " Stane-Church, from a difference from other churches of that name in this Citie, which (of old time) were builded of timber, and since were builded of stone." Stow, p. ']'].'' It may, however, have derived its name, as Mr. Loftie suggests, "from a certain holding in the City, which is mentioned in Domesday Book, and, apparently, still earlier in a charter of Edward the Confessor addressed to ' William, bishop ; Harold, earl ; and Esgar, staller,' as belonging to the manor of Staines."^ The earliest document in which I have found special mention made of this parish is dated 1281, the will of "Ralph de la More,^ 9 Edward I, who must have possessed considerable property in the City, for there are bequests of houses and rents in All Hallows de Staningecherch, and five other parishes, and of his capital mansion in Marte lane, in All Hallows de Berkinge cherch." Another early mention of the parish is in 131 1, 4 Edw. II, when "Walter de Gloucestre,^ leaves to Dyonisia his wife his tenement in the parish of All Hallows de Stanyngcherche for life." 'This derivation of Staining is found in the second edition (1603) of Stow's Survey. - Loftie's " Historic Towns," London, p. 164. » Dr. Sharpe's Calendar of Wills. THE PARISH AND THE PARISH CHURCH. 317 Both the parish church and the parish are named in the will of Richard le Merk,' tapicer, 20 Edw. Ill, 1347, who directs that his body be buried in the church of All Hallows de Stanyngchirche, and that his brewery and shops in the said parish be sold to maintain chantries in the said church. Merk was a maker of tapices or tapestry, probably some kind of carpet, and evidently a leading man in the craft, as he was one of six " chosen of the trade " to show unto the Lord Mayor and Aldermen the Ordinances of the Tapicers, which were approved in the Court of Husting, 4 Edw. Ill, 1331.'' In the former half of the fourteenth century one meets with various modes of spelling the name of the church, e.g., Stanenecherche in Hugh de Waltham's will, 1335;' Stannychurche in Gilbert Atte Leye's "junctuarius" (joiner), 1349;' and Stanenchirche near Blaunchapelton in the will of Thomas de Maryns, 1349.' Blaunchapelton, it may be here observed, was the name of a manor situated at the north-east corner of Mark Lane, and belonged in the time of Richard II to Sir Thomas Roos of Hamelake. With regard to the question when a church was first erected on the site of Allhallows Staining, if the tradition be correct which regarded this church as one of the earliest of stone churches erected in London, possibly the Fires of 1087 and 1136 had brought home to men's minds a conviction of the desirability of building churches with stone instead of wood, and about 1 140 may be suggested as the conjectural date of the stone church. THE CHURCH. The church of Allhallows Staining, which was taken down in 1870, had been re-built in 1674, but the tower, which was left standing when the rest of the church was removed, is over four hundred years old, and is a good example of the Perpendicular style of architecture. It has two pointed arches on the south and east sides, and in the west wall are a pointed window with one mullion and a quatrefoil, and a small window with a cinquefoil in the arch. The height of the tower is about seventy feet, and it formerly contained six bells, besides the " Sanctus." One of them bore the date 1458, but the inscriptions on the others had become illegible. ' Dr. Sharpe's Calendar of Wills. ^ Riley's " Memorials," p. 179. 3i8 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. According to Malcolm/ there was a tradition in the parish that those bells were rung with so much zeal when the Princess Elizabeth was released from the Tower of London, previous to ascending the throne, that she afterwards presented the ringers with a set of silken ropes. See footnote on p. 304. ALLHALLOWS STAINING, THE CHURCH AND PARSONAGE IN 181O. "This Church," Strype says, "escaped the Great Fire, but some years after fell all down, yet giving some warning of its fall to the sexton, that was then digging a grave near the foundation of the wall, who conveyed himself hastily away, and saved his life." To this catastrophe there is an ' " Londinium Redivivimi," vol. ii, p. 23. CO < O of the same. oTt. 14 ( ^""^ Lethueller, daughter of M' John Lethueller, mrchantt, and of Anne his wife, was Borne the 29"" of Septemb, and was Baptized the i4"> of October 1662, By me Georg Gifford, minester of St. Dunstons in the East, Wittnesses, Capt. James Berkin, marchant, and mis Judith Hearne and mis mary Boone, godfather and godmothers. See infra, 1711, October 25, William, son of William and Mary LethieuUier. See St. Olave's Marriage Register, 1683, April 17, and the LethieuUier Pedigree sketch in the Appendix. THE REGISTERS. 341 1663, Mar. 29. Anne Soltonstall, daughter of Phillipp Soltonstall, Esquier, and of Alice his wife, was borne the 28"' of March and Baptised the 29"' of the same in Thomas Hinds house att Mark lane end. Apr. 2'^. Alice minn daughter of Mr. John minn, gentleman, and of margery his wife, was borne the 22 of March 1662 [old style] and was Baptized the 2^ of April! 1663. 1664, Oct. 25. Edward wolstenholme son of Mr. Thomas wolstenholme, Esquier, and of Elizabeth his wife. Dec. 19. Sussana daughter of Tridoary Godlye, scoolemaister, and of mary his wife. 1669, June 29. Mary Charles daughter of John Charles, Doctor of Physick. Aug. 25. Marke Stainings found in Mr. Loes entry. 1670-71, Feb. 15. William Wolstenholme son of S' Thomas Wolstenholme, Baronett, and of Elizab'" his wife, baptisd ffeb. 15"', borne Feb. 8*. 1672, July 31. Charls Bradley son of Thomas Bradley, Minister, and Son-in-law to Mr. Holland, and of Elizabeth his wife. Sept. 22. Peter Wood son of John Wood, Translator, and of Mary his wife. 1673, Mar. 25. Mary Harvey, dau. of Sir Eliab Harvey, and his wife. July 20. Longuet, at the Fr. [French] Church, called Nicholas John. The re-building of the Parish Church is referred to in the following 1674, June 25. The ffoundation of the Church was layd hard prima post merid. Mr. Will™ Holland, Minister, layd the first. Mr. Will: Stranger, sen. Churchwarden. Mr. Will'" Longford, iunior. The Rev. William Holland died in October, 1677 ; the name of his successor at Allhallows Staining, who became Bishop of Oxford in 1688, is recorded in the following note: — 1677, Dec. 28. Timothy Hall, minister. Samuel Yong, entry , Churchwardens. Thomas Stockbridge, ) 1678, April 25. George the son of Felix Don Lewis and Catharine his wife. From November, 1679, down to the year 1688, the Register of Baptisms was much neglected, and there is a memorandum on this subject (partly illegible) at the foot of the page, in 1688. 342 THE AAWALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. 1688-9 (Daniel Fogg, minister), Mar: 16. Will-" son of S' J"° Fleet & Eliza his wife. 1692, Oct. 14. Mary, D. of Col. William Pilkington & Abigal his wife. 1700, Nov. 14. Heniretta Maria, D. of Henry & Mary Wostonholme. The following are in vol. ii of the Register :— 17 1 1, Oct. 25. William S. of William and Mary Lethieullier. The following statement in Mr. Bristowe's handwriting is written at the foot of a page in the Baptismal Register. 1728. Buncombe Bristowe, A.M. chosen Minister of this Parish June 24''', 1728. [See list of Incumbents of Allhallows Staining, p. 355 and footnote.] 1734, Nov. 26. William son of the Rev. Will™ Hay & Elizabeth his wife. Nov. 30. Katherine daughter of John Bristow, Esquire, and Ann his wife. 1738-9, Jan. 19. Mrs. Ditty Langford, an adult. THE MARRIAGE REGISTER. The following are taken from vol. i, 1653-17 10. 1654. Samuell Smith, minester and Elizabeth Laurence wear maryed att Ipswich 23 April. \^See list of Incumbents of Allhallows Staining, p. 355.] Samuell More, gentleman, and Ann Capell, daughter of Mr. Henry Capell of Ingatestone, in the County of Essex, gentleman, the 29"" of June. 1655, March 5. William Chamberlaine and mary foulks wittness to the marriag of thomas meeks and Anne Say : maryed before Richard Loton, esquier. 1657. Francis Hawford and Elizabeth Peeters wear maryed before mee, John Ireton, one of the aldermen and Justices of the Peace within the Citty of London in the parish of 'Bassenshaw att the guildhall, the 7'*' of July, 1657 [subscribed] " John Ireton." "The Register, 1657, contains the signature of John Ireton, who was then alderman and justice of the peace. Francis Hawbord and Elizabeth Peter were married by him at Guildhall on the 7th of July, according to the detestable Act of Parliament which transferred the publishing of banns from the church to a public market and converted ' St. Michael Bassishaw. THE REGISTERS. 343 a sacred compact into a civil bargain." J. P. Malcolm. " Londinium Redivivum," vol. ii., p. 28. 1668. Memorandum that since Salter kept this Register some faults he made, I have mended as well as I could. I shall now, God willinge, see to it my selfe. W"" Holland, minister. 1671, Nov. 25. The Church fell down, so y' Richard Clare and Anne Cosins were mar"' at Barking. Lycensd. 1671-2, Feb. 18. Jonathan Norman and Sarah Web maried in o' [other] Church. 1673, Sep. 18. William Ryland of St. Leonard's fibster Lane, and Rebecca Hylliard off All S'' Staings, in All Hallows Barking, my Ch: being downe. W™ Holland. 1675, May 27. William Ashton, Minister of Chipping Barnett, & Mary Charlton of St. Stephen Coleman Street : mafr : the first in the new Church. June 17. Felix Don Lewis of Greenwich and Catharine Allon of this pishe married by Vertue of a Metrop Lycense. The 2^ in the N : church. 1679, Sept. 7. James Lyboune of Grayes Inne, esq', and Elizabeth Hough of Clerkenwell p lie : metrop. 1686, Sept. 30. Rob', Earl of London Derry and Lucy Jophson." Dec. 23. John Hoby, Esq', and Elizabeth Hoby. 1 690-1, March 10. Sir Clowdesley Shovell, of London, K', & Lady Elizabeth Narborough, of Knowlton in Kent, j) Licent. In St. Olave's Bap. Reg., 1696, November 18, is entered the baptism of Ann, their daughter. The unfortunate end of this brave seaman is thus noticed in the "Life and Reign of Queen Anne," 1738, 8vo., p. 364. "Sir Cloudesley, Rear-Admiral of Great Britain, and Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet, with most part of the grand fleet, sailing from the Levant, after the attempt on Toulon had miscarried, arrived near the rocks of Scilly, at the Land's End, about noon the 22nd of October (1707), when, the weather proving hazy and thick, he thought it prudent to bring to and lay by till it should clear up ; and how he came to alter his opinion afterwards, is uncertain ; but about six in the evening (when there was still more reason to be cautious), as the night was drawing on, he made the signal for sailing, and steered East and by North. About eight at ' Robert Ridgeway, fourth Earl of Londonderry, married Lucy, daughter of Sir Wm. Jopson, Bart. (Burke's " Extinct Peerage.") 344 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. night the Admiral's ship, the Association, struck upon the rocks called the Bishop and his Clerks, and was lost, with all her company, not much less than i,ooo men, among whom were several Spaniards of distinction." Sir Cloudesley's body drifted ashore, and was buried, with others, in the sands, but was soon after removed to Westminster Abbey, having been laid in state at his residence in Soho Square. See Chester's Notes, Westminster Abbey Register. i69i,June2. John England, Esq., of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and Mary ffaunderoy, of Isleworth in Middlesex. i6gi-2, Fet. 3. John Chaplin, Esq'" of Tathwell in Lincolnshire, and Lady Frances Rouse, of Rouse-Linch in Worcestershire. 1692-3, Feb. 7. S' John Shaw, K' & Bar', of Eltham in Kent, & Sarah Paggen, of St. Mary Athill [At Hill], I,ondon. Sir John was the second baronet and Sarah Paggen his second wife. They had three sons and six daughters. His first wife was Margaret Peake, daughter and heiress of Sir John Peake, Knt., Lord Mayor 1687. By her he had his successor in the baronetcy, Sir John ; also a second son and two daughters. 1692-3, Feb. 14. John, Lord Arundell, Baron of Trerise, & Lady Barbara Maleverer, of St. Martin in the Fields. Lady Barbara was daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby, of Scriven, in county of York, and widow of Sir Richard Maleverer, of Allerton Maleverton, in the same county. 1697, March 31. John Lordell of St. Margaret New Fish St. & Ann Bridges of Coleman-street. i6g8, Oct. 6. Livinus de Dorpere, of St. Stephan, Coleman-street, & Anna Maria Vandenbroeck of the same. Oct. 8. Thomas Eyre, Vicar of Stanes in Middlesex & Elizabeth Allen, of Bromeley, in the same county. 1699, Aug. 4. S' Berkley Lucy, Baronet, of Notley in Southamptonshire, & Catherine Cotton of Leusam in Kent. 1701, May 29. Thomas Lutwyche, Esq. of the inner Temple, & Elizabeth Bagnall of St. Andrews Holborn. Oct. 2. Daniel Fogg, the Minister of this Parish, and Elizabeth Allen, w. [widow], of Brumley, in Middlesex. Dec. 24. John Cordell, Baronet, of Mellford in Suffolk & Eleanora Haskin Styles of this pari.sh. 1701-2, Feb. 3. Henry Farmer, Esq., of St. Margarets, Westminster, & Lady Elizabeth Read, of St. James, Westminster. THE REGISTERS. 345 The following are taken from vol. ii, 17 10- 1740. 1715-6, Jan. 19. John Blagrave, of St. John Baptist's college, in Oxon, & Ann Hussey of St. Giles in y^ fields. 1 7 16, Sept. 6. George Wharton, D' in Physick, of St Clement Danes, and Anna Maria Petty, of this Parish. 1718-9, Jan. 27. Thomas Fogg, ffellow of St. Jn°'« Oxon, & Susanna Burton of Edmunton, in Middlesex. 1 7 19, Apr. 25. William Lowfeild of Chelsea in Middlesex, & Lady Henrietta Wyndham of the same, marr'd by Dr. King, Rector of Chelsea. 1720, Sep. 13. S' Thomas Lee, Baronet, of Keartwell in the County of Bucks, & Elizabeth Sandes, of the parish of St. Nicolas Aeon. Sir Thomas Lee was brother to Sir William Lee, Knt., Lord Chief Justice, who died 1754. Sir Thomas had two sons and one daughter. The second son, William, succeeded to the title. THE BURIAL REGISTER. The following will be found in vol. i, 1653-1710. The earliest entry is September 29, 1653. Thirteen burials were registered from 29th September to 31st December, 1663. 1656, July 29. Edward Ashe, Esquier, was Buryed the 29* of July in the Chancel, free of y^ Drapers. 1657, July 3. rais mary Harryson, widow, a good Benefactor to y'= poore, was buryed the third of July 1657 in y= Chancell. See Benefactions. Appendix. 1658, Nov. 3. Thomas Fitch, minister, buried in the church. 1658-9, Mar. 23. Thomas Lake, minester, was Buryed in the church. 1 660-1, Mar. I. Signior Francisco Jorge Salgado, a Spaniard, borne in tenerifle, was Buryed the first of March 1660, under the pewes att y^ west end of y^ church, midle He. 1 66 1, Dec. 5. The Lady Worsenholm was caryed outt of towne to be buryed. See Bur. Reg., 1670, July 15. Also St. Olave's Burial Register, 1639, December 10. "Sir John Wostenholme buried att Stanmoore Chancell." 1662, Apr. 28. Clementt noone, a lecester sheer man that dyed suddenly att Henry Hancock's house, who cam in drunk the 26''' of Aprill. YY 346 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. 1663, May 22. Anne Winne, widdow of Tobyah Winne, of London, haberdasher, daughter of John Wheeler, Esquier, and sister to Sir William Wheeler, knight and Baronett, was Buryed the 22'" of May 1663, under the pewes one [on] the south side of the church ouer against the fontt pew under the south window. 156^ — The Plague Year — there are 165 entries of burials. 1667-8, Jan. 28. Mildred, y'^ daughter of M' Thomas WoUstenholme, & Elizabeth his wife. Feb. 24. S' Thomas Adams, died of y" stone. 1668, Nov. 6. Thomas Bewly, Esq., in the Chancell under y>= Blew stone. [See Monument, p. 131.] 1670, July 15. S' John Wolstenholme & my Lady Corbelt both in one grave, at Stanmoor in Midlesex, by me W:H [IVm. HoUand\. The family of Wolstenholme is of great antiquity, and of Saxon origin ; their residence was at Wolstenholme, near Rochdale, in Lancashire. Sir John, the first baronet of the family, and eldest son of the younger branch, warmly espoused the cause of Charles I, and during the Civil War suffered losses to the amount of ^10,000, his estates having been sold for payment of fines laid upon him and his late father's partner in the Customs. He had received from Charles I, in 1633, the honour of knight- hood; and after the Restoration was created a baronet by Charles II, 1665.' He farmed the customs with others ; purchased Nostel in Yorkshire, and lands at Stanmore ; and was restored to the office which his father had held under Charles I. He was a great friend of Lord Clarendon. " Lady Lsetitia Corbett, daughter of Robert Knowles, Knt, and Lady Wolstenholme, sister of Sir John Wolstenholme ; was married to Sir John Corbett, and, being on a visit to her uncle during his illness, fell sick herself, and died." Malcolm, Londiniuvi Redivivum, vol. ii, p. 26. 1669-70, Jan. 5. Dr. Edmond Trench. 1670, June 9. Margr' Chute, wife of George Chute, esq. 1677, Oct. 9. Mr. William Holland the worthy minister of this psti, and a good benefactor to the church & parsonage house, in whose time they were both rebuilt. Hee lies buried in the Chancell. ' Kimber's " Baronetage," vol. ii, 305. THE REGISTERS. 347 No entries from May 5th, 1678, to Dec. 18, 1688. 1691-2, Jan. 13. Capt" Georg Talbutt, in Chancel. 1695, June 14. Thomas Gill, Merch' in the Church, buryed in Linnen, and y= mulct p"^ to y= Chwarden for y' Poor. 1 700-1, Jan. 8. Stephen Morgan, Clark of the Parish. Feb. 27. Henrietta Maria Wolstenholme, a Child, in Chancel. The following occur in Vol. ii, 1 710-1737. 1 7 12-3, Jan. 17. D' Thomas Rolph, in Ch. 1728, May 12. Daniel Fogg, D.D., Minister. After the year 1728 there is no entry in the Register till 1736. YY 2 THE INCUMBENTS CHAPTER XXII. The Parish of Allhallows Staining had Rectors till isdj^from 136"/ to i53g the benefice belonged, by " appropriation^^ to the Cistercian Abbey of Grace on Little Tower Hill. Statutes passed in ijgi and 1 402 touching the appropriation of benefices. During thirty- five years, 1367-1402.1 and possibly for longer, the cure was served by Monks of the Abbey of Grace in priesfs orders. The neighbouring Church of St. Botolph Aldgate, served by Canons of the Holy Trinity Monastery till I 531. After the Reformation, the benefice of Allhallows became a '■'■perpetual curacy" Made a donative by Royal grant, 4 James I. List of Incumbents of Allhallows, i32g to 1866. LIST of eight rectors of Allhallows Staining, from the year 1329 to 1366, is given by Newcourt. By a deed executed in 1367, this benefice became Monastic property. "On 14 Kal. of March, 1367, this rectory and parish church was by Simon Sudbury, Bishop of London, at the petition of the Abbot and Convent of this Abby of Graces near the Tower of London, then newly founded, for several reasons therein expressed, appropriated to them and their successors for ever, with power for them to convert the profits of this church to their own use, and to supply the cure either with a professed Monk or Secular Priest, removable at their pleasure."' When the dissolution of monasteries in England took place in Henry the Eighth's reign, the advowsons of monastic livings devolved to the Crown,'' and a ' Newcourt, Repertorium, vol. i, p. 255. '^ " Slatutcs at Large," vol. 4, pp. 403 and 455. THE INCUMBENTS. 349 great number of these were by the Crown granted to laymen. If the lay patron retained the tithe on certain produce, called the great tithe, the living usually was a vicarage, and the lay impropriator was bound to keep the chancel of the church in repair, while the vicar, i.e., the lay rector's ecclesiastical deputy, retained the tithe called the small tithe. In the City of London the custom has long been for the parishioners to keep the chancel in repair, and the probable reason of this change was, that when tithe came to be based on the rental of houses instead of on produce of the ground, the distinction between great and small tithes in a City parish lost its original meaning. After the Reformation the living of Allhallows Staining was ecclesiastically neither a rectory nor a vicarage, but a perpetual curacy. In 4th James I, 1607, the Crown made it a donative, and granted the parsonage and parish church to George Bingley and William Blake. A donative implied special privileges, commonly said to be conferred on a living, but it is much more accurate to say that the privileges were conferred on the patron and not on the living. In the ordinary course, if a lay patron nominates a clergyman, he presents him to the Bishop of the Diocese, who then institutes him to the living. If the Bishop be himself the patron of the living, he is said to collate his nominee to it. If a living became a donative, all supervision and control with regard to the voidance or filling of the benefice were placed in the discretion of the patron ; neither "institution" in the usual sense, nor Episcopal sanction of appointments or of resignations, was obligatory. The disadvantages of this are seen in the case of Allhallows Staining as related on pages 321 and 322 ; the " donative " patron could make his own terms with the parish or with his own nominee, ignore the Bishop of the Diocese, and farm the living. The singular privileges of donatives grew out of the separation of the ownership of the rectorial tithes, from the ownership of the advowson of a benefice that had been appropriated to a monastery. The incumbents of Allhallows Staining in this century were practically rectors, as by the arrangement of the Grocers' Company with them they were placed in possession of all the profits of the benefice. 3S0 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINTNG. Newcourt, in Addenda, vol. i, p. 915, gives the names of ten of the "perpetual curates" of Allhallows, and in the list of Incumbents given in this chapter, the change of title and other singularities observable, arose from the peculiar ecclesiastical history of the parish of Allhallows Staining. INCUMBENTS OF ALLHALLOWS STAINING. The List, as far as Taye's name (1366), is taken, with but one exception, from Newcourt's Repertorium ; most of the other names have been found in the Churchwardens' Books of Allhallows Staining. Edward Camel, rector in 1329. Robert de Slapton presented Non. Nov. [sth November], 1329, per mort. Camel. [Newcourt writes de Stopton.J Patron, Hugh de Waltham. Thomas de Holcote, pr. 2 Kal. April [31st March], 1331. Patron, Hugh de Waltham. "Maister Edmonde, parsone of the churche of Alhallowen Stanying," in 1349, appears in copy of the will of William Palmer in Churchwardens' book, " the thick book," see p. 358. Edmund de Hengham, rector in 1362. Dionysius de Lopham, 13 Kal. Decemb. [19th November], 1362, per resig. Hengham. Patron, King Edward HI. Dionysius de Lopham, clerk, in his Will, proved in the Commissary Court in 1414, directs that his body be buried in Pardon Churchyard, St. Paul's, in the tomb in which his first wife Sybil and his children lie. His second wife, Alice, survived him. Lopham was an executor of William Dorkin, Rector of Purleigh, Essex, whose will was proved 23rd May, 1386. Walter de Sperseholte, pr. 4 Kal. Febr. i362-[3] [29th January, 1363]. Patron, Hamo de Waltham. William Wade, rector in 1366. John Taye, Id. August [13th August], 1366, per mort. Wade. Patron, Wm. Hynelond, Presbyter. Newcourt's List of Rectors ends with Taye's name in 1366, and I can find no record of the presentation of a clerk as rector, vicar, or THE INCUMBENTS. 3SI curate of Allhallows Staining during the next hundred and twelve years. Some explanation of this silence is found in the fact that the patronage of the benefice passed, in 1367, to a monastery, with the powers of appoint- ment and removal described on page 348. The history of this change, and the two Acts of Parliament specially relating to the appropriation of benefices to monasteries, will probably be of interest to the reader. In 1367 the Rectory of Allhallows Staining became the property of the Abbey of Grace, Little Tower Hill, and remained such till the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539. This Abbey, "Abbatia beatse Marise de Graciis juxta Turrim Londini," was founded by King Edward III, in 1349, in fulfilment of a vow made on board ship during a storm, that if God would grant him to come safe to land he would build a monastery to the honour of God and of Our Lady of Graces. The Abbey was also styled Eastminster, and this title, Eastminster Abbey, suggests that it probably was intended to be to the East of London what Westminster Abbey was to the West of London. The Abbey of Grace was situated on Little Tower Hill, near East Smith- field.' The King's Charter conferred upon it the privileges of a Royal Free Chapel, "Liberam Capellam Regiam beatse Mariae de Graciis volumus appellari." ° This Abbey became a wealthy foundation, and, in 1535, Valor Ecclesiasticus, 26 Henry VIII, its rent-roll amounted to ^602 1 1^-. \od. It owned advowsons of churches in Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Kent, etc. Four of these churches were in the diocese of London, and Newcourt, who was Registrar of the Bishop of London's Registry (1669 to 1696), found records of the presentations made by the Abbey of Grace to three of these churches, and has given details in his Repertoriuni, vol. i, pp. 290-1, 837-8, and 847, but has not given a list of presentations to the parish of Allhallows Staining for the period from 1367 to 1539 ; apparently, none were registered at the Bishop's Registry during this period. Much more, however, than the rights of an advowson were given to the Abbey of Grace by the deed of ' The site of this Abbey was afterwards occupied by the Navy Victualling Office. On the building adjoining on north-west side, the entrance to the Mint, is the name "Navy Victualling Square." Pepys was appointed Surveyor-General of the Victualling Office in 1665 (p. 272). On the subject of the dissolution of the Abbey of Grace, see footnote, p. 354. ^Dugdale's " Monasticon Anglicanum,'' vol. v, p. 718. 352 THE ANNALS OF ALLffALLOWS' STAINING. 1367. The rectory and parish church were, as we have seen, appropriated to the Abbot and Brethren with power for them to convert the profits of this church to their own use, and to supply the cure either with a professed Monk or secular Priest, removable at their pleasure. There were two Acts of Parliament, 1391 and 1402, on the subject of the appropriation of benefices. The statute,' 15 Richard II, cap. vi, year 1391, enacted that in all appropriations henceforth to be made, the Diocesan should allot a proportion of the fruits of the benefice for the relief of poor parishioners, and also, take care that the vicar be well and sufficiently endowed, " & qe le viker soit auxint bien & covenablement dowez." The statute^ 4 Henry IV, cap. xii, 1402, begins by confirming 15 Richard II, cap. vi, and orders reforms in cases where this statute has not been observed, but in sections 3 and 5 specially exempts the church of Hadenham in favour of the Archdeacon of Ely. Section 4 declares all appropriations of vicarages made since the first year of Richard II " utterly void, revoked, repealed, adnulled and disappropried for ever." Section 5, and that from henceforth in every church so appropried, or to be appropried, a secular person be ordained vicar perpettial, canonically institute and induct in the same, and covenably endowed by the discretion of the ordinary, to do divine service, to inform the people and to keep hospitality there. Section 6 and last, " and that no religious \i.e., monk] be in any wise made vicar in any church so appropried, or to be appropried by any means in time to come." For thirty-five years, i.e., from 1367 to 1402, the church of AUhallows Staining, which was not far from, the Abbey of Grace on Little Tower Hill, was served by priests who were also monks of the Abbey, and the authority of the Abbot sufficed for making these appointments. For the period from 1402 to 1479, there is a defect in the evidence available, which renders it difficult to affirm whether the statute of 1402 immediately affected the ecclesiastical arrangement in the parish of AUhallows, or whether many years elapsed before a "secular" priest was appointed. In the neighbouring church of St. Botolph Aldgate, Canons of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity served the cure until the surrender and dissolution of ' " The Statutes at Large,'' vol. ii, p. 344. - Ibid, vol. ii, p. 433. THE INCUMBENTS. 353 this Monastery in 1531. In this case possibly a Papal Rescript {see Newcourt's Reper., i, p. 308) or rights acquired under some special privilege, prevailed over the statute of 1402 ; and in times when there were two sources of authority and two series of laws, canon and civil, a conflict was very apt to arise which hindered, at any rate for a time, proposed reforms. The first name after the passing of the above-mentioned statute of 1402, that I have found of a "parson " {i.e., persona ecclesiae) of Allhallows Staining is that of Netylton in 1479 — ■ 1479. Maister John Netylton, person of Alhalowen Stanyng. In Ancient Book of Orders belonging to the Company of Ironmongers." 1508. Sir [Dominus] Richard Loddelow, parson of Alhalowen Stayninge. Mentioned in the Will of Thomas Smith of the Stapull of Calais, proved, 1508. 1522.' Sir Richard Loft, parish priest. In churchwardens' book. Richard Loft served the cure from 1522 to 1548. In Bishop Tunstall's abstract of the values of benefices in the diocese of London, 14 Henry VIII (1522-3) is entered : — Ecclesia Omnium Sanctorum, Staynynge. Myster Ricardus Lofte, Curate, benefice x'. goods viij'. mutuum " L^ [i.e., compulsory loan to the King Harl. MS. 133. f. 8^ (B.M.). At the end of a Chantry Certificate relating to Allhallows Staining, I Edward VI (9th January, 1548), is written : — The King's Mayestey is pson of the seid Churche, and the psonage is worth xxij'. xiiij^ x''. And that the Curat and the chauntrey prist servethe the cure. If Netylton, Loddelow and Loft were instituted and inducted as Vicars of Allhallows Staining we should expect to find these appointments recorded at the Bishop's Registry, and further, the benefice to be styled a vicarage, but at the dissolution of the Abbey of Grace in 1539 the advowson devolved to the Crown, and the living is described as a curacy. In 1607 the Crown made it a donative, and from that period till 1870 it was a perpetual curacy and donative. From the foregoing evidence I infer, that ' " Some account of the Worshipful Company of Ironmongers," by John Nicholl, F.S.A., 1866, p. 35. ^Malcolm translates this word as "fined," but no censure is implied in mutuum. See Du Cange, Glossarium, vol. iv, ZZ 3S4 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. priests of the Abbey of Grace served the cure from 1367 until 1402, and perhaps, for many years longer, and ultimately, secular priests were appointed, not canonically as vicars, but as curates. In the opening years of the sixteenth century the Fraternity of SS. George and Katherine was associated with this church, and in the churchwardens' book annual payments of 405. by this Fraternity are frequently entered, a sum so con- siderable in those days that it denotes a wealthy or numerous brotherhood. In the will of Blaymayr, 1507, Sir William Marshall and Sir Thomas Smyth are mentioned in connection with the Fraternities of Our Lady and of SS. George and Kateryn, as priests at the Church of Allhallows Staining. In Edward the Third's reign Will de Greensted endowed a chantry, and John Clifford, Capellanus (chantry priest), who in his will, proved in 1446, directed that his body be buried in the Church of Allhallows Staining, had probably been the priest of the Greensted chantry. Dugdale, citing from Roll in Augmentation office, J2 Henry VIII (1541) a summary of the late property of the Abbatia de Gratiis' infra Turrim Londini, gives the rectorial value of the living of Allhallows at £^. " Firma rector' Omnium Sanctorum Staynyngs . . ;!^8 .0.0." 1549." Sir Steven, pryst. [In a Chantry Certificate, Sir Stephen Fountayn, prist.] 1550.' Sir Cells [Gyles?], Cowrat. 1552." Sir John Portar, Cowrate. 1 56 1.* Humphrey Fletcher, Courate or mynester. 1563-* Egidius Seyntcler, minister. [Gyles St. Clere, St. Claire, or Sinclair. In the St. Olave's Register of Marriages this name appears as "Gyles Snickler minister of AUhallow Staynings." See p. 162.] 1581.* Richard Hill, mynister. [In the St. Olave's Baptismal Register the name is written as " Hall." See p. 147.J 1587.* Richard Lyghtfoote, mynister. 1 59 1.' Gervis Walker, mynister. 1598.' Melchisedeck Frauncis, mynister. ^ ^ "Of the manner of the surrender [of the Abbey of Grace] we find no account, which gives occasion to guess that it was done by such as were in no authority, and therefore it was thought fit to conceal the knowledge thereof. Since which time the said Monastery, being by King Henry VIII, in the 34th year of his reign, granted to Sir Arthur Darcy, knight, was clean pulled down. And of late time in place thereof, is built a large storehouse for Victual, and convenient Ovens are built there for baking of bisquets to serve Her Majesties Ships, and it is the Victualling Office for the Royal Navy to this day [1700]. The grounds adjoining and belonging formerly to the said Abby, are occupied by small Tenements built thereon. "—Newcourt Reperlorium, vol. i, p. 466. Cf. Stow, p. 48. *This prefix denotes that the name is in the churchwardens' books, and the year specified signifies the first year in which the name is found there. THE INCUMBENTS. 355 1607.' Thomas Lawson, mynister. [Afterwards Vicar of Harmondsworth Middlesex. Letters of Administration, 22nd February, 1627-8.] 1609.' HumfreyBarcroft, parson. [Patron of the benefice.] 1 611.' Francis Halliday, mynister. 1615.* Thomas Myriell, mynister, 1617.* Zacharie Evans, mynister. 1627. Phil. Nye, A.M., licentiat, 9th October, 1627. [Newcourt, Addenda.} 1629. Adoniram Byfield, A.B., licentiat, 9th January, 1629. \):itvicomt,Addenda.] 1644.* Jo. Pitts, minister. 1648.' John Aster, minister. 1654.* Samuel Smith, minister. \_See pp. 340 and 342, the Baptismal and Marriage Registers.] 1656.* John Goode, minister. [&« p. 340, the entry of April 15th, 1660.] 1662. William Holland, licentiat i6th January, 1662. [Newcourt, Addenda.] 1677. Timothy Hall, A.M., licentiat, 20th December, 1677. \yie^-comi, Addenda.'] Hall, according to Newcourt, was born in St. Catherine's, near the Tower of London, and became a student at Pembroke College, Oxford, about 1654, and minister of this church December 20th, 1677, on the death of Will. Holland. He caused the 'Declaration of King James H, for liberty of conscience to be read [27th April, 1688] in his church (which had been refused by most of the ministers in London), on which service the King gave him the Bishopric of Oxon., void by the death of Dr. Parker, and he was consecrated at Lambeth by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Dr. Sancroft) and the Bishops of Chichester and Chester on October 7th, 1688. He died at Hackney, April loth, 1690. Le Neve adds : He was buried at the Church of Hackney. Daniel Fogg, A.M., licentiat, 24th December, 1688. [Newcourt. The last name in Addenda.^ Duncombe Bristowe,'' A.M., "chosen Minister of this Parish, 24th June, 1728," in his own handwriting in the Baptismal Reg., also "chosen Minister, etc.," in the Register of Marriages. * This prefix denotes that the name is in the churchwardens' books, and the year specified signifies the first year in which the name is found there. The names Nye, Byfield, Holland and Hall, given by Newcourt from the Bishop of London's register, also appear in the churchwardens' books. ' The Declaration of Indulgence, annulling the penal laws against Nonconformists and Roman Catholics alike, and abrogating every Act which imposed an ecclesiastical test as a qualification for office. The seven Bishops who protested were prosecuted for libel, and, refusing to give bail, were committed to the Tower. ' Not entered in the register of the Bishop of London (London Registry). In presentations to " donative " benefices, the usual diocesan registration was not obligatory, as mentioned on p. 349. ZZ 2 3S6 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. William Ellis, A.M., licensed before 1755, died in 1801. During this incumbency the Rev. John Rose {see chap, xxi) appears to have had charge of the Parish for about sixteen years. Lancelot Sharpe, A.M., licensed 30th January, 1802, per mort. Ellis. Collated Prebendary of St. Paul's (Ealdstreet preb.), loth March, and installed 18th March, 1843. Frederick J. Stainforth, M.A., licensed 5th December, 1851, per mort. Sharpe Died 3rd September, 1866, Edward Valentine Williams, M.A., was curate in charge from the time of Mr. Stainforth's decease till the union of the parish with St. Olave's in 1870. The last service in the church of Allhallows Staining was held on Tuesday, May loth, 1870, and a letter from the Bishop of London {Dr. Jackson) was read by the Rev. Thomas F. Stooks, one of his chaplains, stating the reasons for the removal of the parish church. This letter was, by the desire of the Bishop, entered upon the Vestry Minutes of the United Parishes. I had been instituted to the United Rectory on April 27th, and had "read myself in " at St. Olave's on Sunday, May ist. My first duty in the church of Allhallows was, through the sudden illness of Mr. Williams, to say prayers and preach on the morning of Sunday, May 8th, and my second and last duty therein was to say prayers on the closing of the church, Tuesday, May loth, 1870. THE CHURCHWARDENS' BOOKS. CHAPTER XXIII. The Churchwardens' Books from Jth year of Henry VII. The six oldest Books. Five altars in the Church of AUhallows (1515). Extracts^ I4gi to isgj. Payments made in I4g2-j. Silver Cross fur the high altar. Tabernacles made for three altars. Super- altars (three). Tioo Fraternities ; one of our Lady, the other of St. Katherine and St. George. Expenses in connection with ^^ Corpus Christi" Day. The prices of Bibles, Books of Common Prayer, Homilies, The Paraphrase of Erasmus, &c., in the i6th century. Hock Monday. St. Nicholas Day, 6th December. The ritual changes made in the first year of Queen Mary^s reign ( I 553-1554); the re-building of the high altar in AUhallows^ Church. Summary description of four of the churchwardens^ books, viz., the three narrow folios and the thick book. EXTRACTS, 1491 to 1597. HE Churchwardens' Account and Minute Books of the parish of AUhallows Staining begin in the year 1491, the seventh year of the reign of Henry VII, and from that date to the present, with the exception of eighteen years from May, 1628, to April, 1646, the series is complete. These books are, considering their age, in a very good state of preservation. As far back as 1585, churchwarden Humfrie Walcar, on his retire- ment, in the inventory of church goods delivered to " John Moullins, now the elder Churche Warden remayninge," specifies " Item, one hanging table of wainscott, wherein is written a memory or note for the churche wardens to saye [see] what they have to doe." Evidently this standard of duty was not displayed in vain. The churchwardens' oldest books consist of six volumes : — the earliest, is one of two quartos (re-bound in 1 844), in which 3s8 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. the writing is very good and the ink still a credit to its manufacturer; the other quarto is a book of Vestry minutes. There are three narrow folios; and, one large folio, which, for distinction, may be called the thick book. These four volumes are described more fully on pages 368-371. From the Inventories of Church Goods belonging to this parish, it is apparent that Allhallows Staining, in the character of its ecclesiastical arrangements, must have far surpassed the standard of an average parish, and from the number and richness of its vestments and the value of its plate, one would infer that either the Cistercian Abbey of Grace near the Tower, to which the parish belonged for 172 years, contributed liberally, or the parish itself contained many prosperous parishioners, who defrayed the expenses of a costly ritual. Statements of gifts to the church are interspersed, not infrequently, among the sixteenth century entries. There were five altars in the Church of Allhallows Staining during the first half of the sixteenth century : — i. The High Altar, dedicated to Alhalowen (All Saints). 2. The Altar of Our Lady (B. V. Mary). 3. An altar dedicated to the Holy Name of Jesus. 4. Altar of St. Clement. 5. Altar of St. Luke. The Inventory of Church Goods, in 1535, shows that the church then possessed a rich collection of silk and satin altar cloths, canopies, curtains, banners, vestments, copes, etc. In King Edward the Sixth's reign the altars were removed, and the ritual changed to the Puritan type. The churchwardens sold five copes, two vestments, two altar cloths, etc., for ^10 35. A,d.; a cross of silver for ^22 4^-. ; three chalices for ;^ii 2s. \ but on the accession of Queen Mary a re-action took place, and we find the churchwardens re-purchased some of the articles that had been sold a few years before, and supplied the place of others by new ones. The high altar was re-built, and in 1557, 40J. were paid to a carver for an image of Allhallows ; there is also in the same year the item : — " makyng a new awter clothe & ij new curtens for y'= hy awt [altar] vi'- viij''.'' Details relating to the changes made in the first year of Queen Mary's reign ( 1 553-1 554) are given on pages 367-8. The changes in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign were made with extreme caution, and throughout THE CHURCHWARDENS' BOOKS. 359 her reign changes were introduced far more temperately than had been the case in the days of Edward and of Mary. The earliest book (1491). At the beginning of this book three folios are missing. Folio iiij is as follows : — [a.d. 1491-1492.] In the ij'' yere of this Accompte : — Re the iij"* day of Juyn in money gade^ct [gathered] of Shotyng ov' [over] all charges - ij'' j^ [a.d. 1492-1493.] In the viij yere of Kyng henrye the vij''': — Itifl R^ the iij*^ day of octobre of Thomas michell x'^ o M'' that Symon Byrchynghm, Carpenter, And Thomas Smert, Carpenter, Arbitrors betwix the |)isshe And the said Thomas Allowed to the same Thomas for alman'' things by hym made w'ynne the hynde at his |)pre cost and lefte there by jugement of the seid Arbitrours, that is to sey, ffirst in the halle A Countyng house w' a counter therynne And a dore w' lok and key in the Chambre, the hoole some allowed therfore is vij^ viij''- Itin R'i on Sonday the vij day of octobre for beme light due at v^ xj'^ Itih R'' the xxiij day of octobre of Willin Peel towards iiij nevve torches bought by the seid Accomptauntg iiij^ o Sin pag xxij^ The following are " Payments And necessarie expens by the tyme of this Accompte. 8 Henry VII." (1492-1493.) ffirst paide for An obligacion bitwene the Chirchwardeyns and John hennynghih pissh Clerke viij"^ Itrn p"^ for drynke at maners at receyving of the Clerk ]^ Itm p"^ for brede at drynkyng whan the wife had gadered money xij"^ Itrn p"i for ffleshe and chese at the same drynkyng ij' o Itin pti to the harper at the same tyme iiij'' Itin p'^ to an olde preest for a Rewarde to hym in the Chirch at div'se tymes - x^ Itin p'^ to the Organ maker in pty of payment xj^ o Itin to a man to Assey and ,pve [prove] the organs ij'^ Itin p'^ to a Carpenf in pte of payment v= o Itin p'' for mendyng & wasshing of Albbis and Surplicf vij'* 36o THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. 1491-1492. 7 Henry VII Sir Ric Hodges " the morowe masse preest " i.e. the priest who celebrated the earliest mass, was paid per quarter - xiij= iiij^ Also on Seint Innocents' viij* iiij'' : January 2, x^^ ; Feb. 23, iij'* iiij'' ; March 1 1, iij" ix'^, and May 1 2, iiij'* viij''. 1493-1494. 9 Henry VII, Paid to a preest for morow masse on Lady Day iiij^ Paid to the chanon " that sang masse in the Chirch the Cristmas weke xij"* The Parish Clerk's wages : — ig Henry VII [1504] John Daners receevid per quarter xvj^ viij'' 23 .,, [1508] William I.ewes the same sum. H ere the yearly wage was £ \ 6s. 8d. Cross of silver for the high altar. This cross weighed 81 ounces, and had at the base small statues of St. Mary and St. John. 1514-1515. To Thomas Knott in ptie of payment [part payment] for the new Crosse xiij'' o o To Thomas Knott for a fful payment for the Cross iiij'' xviii^ x'' R [Received] of the bretherhed of Seynt George & Seynt Kalyn owte of there boxe towards the new Crosse vi'' o o For a new Coffyr [cover] for the new Crosse xx"* In the same account appear charges for tabernacles for three altars, viz., Alhalowen, Jesus, and St. Clement: — Paid to John Sakker, carvar, for makyng of the Tabarnacle of AUhallow in the quere xx" o Paid to Thoms Knott for the gyldyng of the new tabar- nacle in the quere - xxvi* viij"^ Paid to y= goodman gymbold, Carvar, dwelling in Aldman- berre for ij tabarnakulls, oone for Jtiu & y= tor [the other] for St. Clement xl^ 1516-1517- a covlet [coverlet] to lay ffore the hygh awt [Alhalowen] xi^ Superaltars. 1519-1520- Paid for ij new Supaltaris v" viij'' & for casyng of an old Supaltare viij'', sii of bothe - vi^ For the halowyng of y'= above sayd iij su|)altaris vi* ' Probably a Canon of the Abbey of Grace. THE CHURCHWARDENS' BOOKS. 361 Two Fraternities were connected with the Church of Allhallows Staining, and were remembered in the following bequest : — 1534-1535- Rec. of mother Dolyons bequeste i old murrey gown whyche we sold for the sum of xvii'j^ whereof we payd to the twoo bretherheds in o' chyrche, f ys to wete to o' lady bretherhed, and to Seyn George & Seynt Katyn, to eche of them iij^ iiijd, sum vi^ viij'^, so restyth to the chyrche but xi^ iiii'' Vestments, etc. : — 1492. Itm pt* to John Browne vestment maker for emparayling ■ of iiij awbes, that is to say ij of red velvet and ij of Impiall cloth of gold w' stoles and fanons xxj^ vj'' 1507^1508. Itin rec of Master Pers Joye for the laystowe = of his wyffe a awter clothe [altar cloth] of whyte sylk w' garters. iS°9-i5io- I Henry VIII. Itin paid for iij pakkynge schets for to make a new vayle ^ afore the hy awter [high altar] iij^ iiijd 1514-1516. for a sewte of whight vestraets [white vestments] for o' lady to Wynbusdus wyffe iij'' vij" viij'' Edmond Cooke, churchwarden, gave ''ij stayned clothes w' ij curteyns of dameske werke whyght & red for o' ladyawter in y"= chappell.' John Bregyns gave "an image of o' lady " of white ivory. 1534-1535- paid for xlviii ells of new ffrench clothe for to make xiiij surplices, &c. xxxvii= itm, paid for the makyng of the same surplicis and vi Rochetts for Chyldren iiij= viij"* 1492. Itin pd for XV lb. of candills * xv** Itiii p<^ for a lyne to the Sanctg bell - 'f 1498-1499. Payd Barth. Spotte for SyV pax and the Crosse of Sylv' that he had to plege xxv=^ o 1503-1504- Itin pd for A locke & A key to the Sowthe end of the Awter in owre lady chapell iiij"^ 1506. Itiii to the Juner [joiner] in Eyrnest to make an Image of all hallowen iiij"* ' " Emparayling." " Apparel " was a small piece of embroidery sewn on albs, chasubles, etc. " Fanons " also called fannel, favon and phanon, another term for maniple, a symbolical ornament attached to the left arm, originally a handkerchief worn in the girdle of the celebrant. See Shipley's " Eccles. Glossary." '^ " Laystowe " burial. Cf. leirstowe, sepulchre. ' Veiling the altar was a custom in England during Lent, when a veil was hung between the altar and the choir, which was not drawn up at mass till after the consecration. Shipley's " Eccles. Glossary." ' These were tallow candles. AAA xl= xxxiij'' iiij'' j"^ xij'^ ijd viij'' 362 THE ANNALS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. 1508-1509. Itiii Ress^i of the bretherhed of Seynt Kateryn & Seynt George in money 1514-1516. Rec'' of o' lady bretherhed that John Hewet paide 1514. Itm paide for wat'' for the ffounte [font] vppon whytson evyn Itm paide for garlonds vppon Assencyon evyn & Whyt- sonday and Corp" xpi day 1526-7. Paide for the cloth Abowt the sakrament - Payde for the hire of A pst to here y'= sacinent & a clerke paide to S' Wyllia the Frenche pit fro Alhallowtide to candeliiis . x^ o 1537. Itm payd to chesse the brovderer, for a new clothe to be borne on the sacrement, w' all the apparell thereto, a lynyng & sylk ffrenge & all y'= brovderyng & y^ brygg [Bruges] sateyn, y' shall go ther vnto all iiij' vj" viij'^ 1549. P^* ffor a Cannaby [canopy] Clothe that was borne owar the sacramett xl^ o 1556. Itm for iiij tornde stawys [turned staves] for y'= Cannabe xviij"^ The festival of Corpus Christi, instituted by Pope Urban IV in 1264, in honour of the Eucharist, was observed with great solemnity on the first Thursday after Trinity Sunday. There are numerous entries in the churchwardens' accounts having reference to this festival. A.D., 1491. Itfn p'i on Corpus Xpi day for garlands and flaggs w' pakthrede . viij"* 1500. Itih payd ffor Corpp Cristy torch more than was gatherred emongst the gishe . xx^ Itm payd for Rose garlonds ffor the processcon . viij"^ 1505. Itim paid for Roossis to make garlondds ffor them that bare toorches . iij'' Itm paid for the hyre of a Monstrans at corpus xpetyde . viij'^ This was a figure of John the Baptist going before the Host and pointing to it. Then doth ensue the solemne feast of Corpus Chrisli clay, Who then can shew their wicked use and fonde and foolish play ? The hallowed bread with worship great in silver Fix they beare About the Church, or in the Cilie, jDassing here and theare ; His armes that beares the same, two of the welthiest men do hold. And over him a Canopey of silke and clothe of golde. * * * Saint John before the bread doth go and poynting towards him Doth shew the same to be the Lambe that takes away our sinne. The Popish Kingdom or reigne of Anti-christ written in Latin verse by Thomas Naogeorgius & englyshd by Barnabe Googe, Anno 1570. See Kirchmeyer (Thomas) in Brit. Mas. Catalogue. THE CHURCHWARDENS' BOOKS. 363 The monstrance is now in the form of a star, the centre of which is a circle of crystal enclosing the host, and permitting it to be seen by the people. Before the thirteenth century the host was reserved in a pyx, but after the institution of the Feast of Corpus Christi, exposition in a visible form was introduced. 1509. Itm paid for small bells for the sacrament vppon corp^ xpi day . xvj'' Itm p'' to a mynstrell for ij corp^ xpi dayes ' . viij'' 1 5 14. Itm paide to Dennes smythe for the platynge of iiij Judas for torchis ayenst corp xpi daye ij= . o 1526 7. For the doth Abowt the sakrament & a clerke - . viij'' The price of Bibles and other religious books in the sixteenth century : — 1540. Paid for a byble xj' . viij'^ For byndding ther of and a chayne iij'^ . j"* For a lok and ij keyse for the avmbre [closet] under the byble, and ij henge . xvj"^ The Bible, called Archbishop Cranmer's Great Bible, printed in 1539, was fastened to a desk by a chain which was secured in a closet (aumbre) below. There is an entry of a similar kind with reference to Bishop Jewell's works in 1616. " Paid for a Chayne and a staple to fasten Dr. Jewells booke where it is placed. \s. Sd." This practice of chaining books to desks was general during the Middle Ages in public and collegiate libraries, as well as in cathedrals and parish churches, and, at Oxford the removal of chains did not begin till the middle of the last century. In the Account of Wadham College, by Mr. T. G. Jackson, A.R.A., there is an interesting reference to this mode of " settling " books, i.e., chaining them to settles, and an extract from the building accounts, in 161 3, showing that in the year 161 3, eighteen dozen of chains were purchased, as well as bars and staples for the library. 1550. For a boke of the omylys [Homilies] in englysse - . xvi'^ 1553. For ij bokes of the Common prayear vij" . iiij «E2.; John Fansh unty E embranc xcheque b. 1578, rass to h Dronfie erbyshir oSEHOm.SQ *^ Si's 0*rQ C a d c u - b6>s.2i3x-£(2d^ 3J3 E - C CM- II- <^ W^ owe EE o c" g" •S'~"S s CO. Id m 0) o 13 C ^ " ^ ro T) a> hr 1— 1 rt H-l -U *-■ C • »\ Tl t^ G d ro i PP hH* ■H ~ I— ( d ci w •r. /^ T3 2 13 a 75 C3 r! -^ .M & ^ ,a t? d a w S w XI a> ^ 1-1 3 s 382 APPENDIX. LETHIEULLIER PEDIGREE. Berry's "Kent Pedigrees" and Drake's "Hasted," I, 253. Sir John LethieulHer^pAnne, Knt., of Lewisham, Kent, Sheriff of London, 1674, ob. 1718, bur. Green- wich. eldest daughter of Sir Win. Hooker, Shtriff of London, 1665, Lord Mayor, 1673- 1 12 1 John, ob. Mary,=FWilliam— Mary Sarkield, Ann -John Deleau, of 1737, daughter of I of Beck- of Cumberland. Whaddon.Sur- EEt. 78. Nicholas enham& rey, first bus- Manning. I Sutton. band, J ' William— Rachel Farmer, of London, citi- zen and grocer. ALLHALLOWS' STAINING REGISTER. Bapt. 14 Oct. 1662. Anne, d. of John Lethueller, Merchant, & Anne, born 29 Sep. Bapt. 25 Oct. 1711. William, son of Wm. & Mary Lethieullier. ST. OLAVE'S REGISTER. Bapt. 23 April, 1704. Wm., son of Wm. & Mary Lethieullier. DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE OF SAMUEL PEPYS, &c. MYNORS BRIGHT'S EDITION, 1876, VOL. Ill, p. 331-2. 1665, Dec. 13. " On the 'Change invited by Sheriff Hooker, who keeps the poorest, mean, dirty table in a dirty house that ever I did see any Sheriff of London ; and a plain, ordinary, silly man I think he is, but rich ; only his son, Mr. Lethulier, I like, for a pretty civil, understanding merchant ; and the more by much, because he happens to be husband to our noble, fat, brave lady in our parish, that I and my wife admire so." Sir John Lethieullier was one of the principal parishioners of St. Olave's. He is one of three who gave five pounds towards the building of St. Paul's after the Great Fire. See Book of Names and Sums contributed to a Brief, read 1680, April 4, quoted p. 223. Sir Robert Knightley and Sir Anthony Deane gave a like sum. The same book, folio 5b, opposite Lethieullier's name, has a pencil note with no signature or date. "This I think must have been in Hylords Court. If I remember right Sir Jno. Lethulier preceded Lascelles & Daking merchts, the founders of the noble House of Harewood." RICCARD PEDIGREE. Harl. MS. (Brit. Mus.) 5523, p. 265. Walter Riccard^ [of Dorset, Harl. I MS. 1476, p. 127.] I Andrew— daughter of Robert Bateman, Living 1634. of London, Chamberlain. Argent, a chevron [Or, three crescerts sable, in dexter chief gules, each surmount- quarter, a cinquefoil ed by an estoile of giiles. the last. Harl. Soc, XV, 55.] APPENDIX. 383 IV. BENEFACTIONS. PARISH OF ST. OLAVE, HART STREET. I. — Lord Sudbury's Charity. Paul Bayning, Viscount Sudbury, by his will dated 12th July, 1629, bequeathed to his executors ;^i,22o for buying land, and building and keeping in repair a hospital in St. Olave's Hart Street, for ten aged poor men and women, who had been householders, and had fallen into poverty; and a further sum of ;^2,28o for the purchase of lands for the maintenance of the inmates of the hospital. His executors to have the first nomination till his heir came of age. This charity was administered under a scheme of the Master of the Rolls, dated t,^^ June, 1854, which provided that the Trustees, viz., the Rector for the time being and six others should apply the net proceeds in equal portions for the benefit of not more than ten, nor less than six, poor persons of the class described in the testator's will. 2. — Hull's Charity. Walter Hull, by his will, made about the year 1640, devised unto the parson, church- wardens, and parishioners, their successors and assigns, two messuages, with gardens and orchard, in St. Mary's, Matfelon (Whitechapel) ; certain messuages and land in the parish of Lewisham ; and one messuage and an acre of land, in the parish of East Ham, for the following purposes, to found a Thursday lectureship, of the value of ;^2o per annum, to provide bread for the poor inhabiting the parish (two shillings' worth every Lord's day), annual payments, to the churchwardens and collectors for the poor, to the clerk and the sexton, and to two poor members of the Merchant Taylors' Company ; the surplus to be distributed among the poor inhabitants of St. Olave's Hart Street. 3. — Wolstenholme's Charity. By indenture, dated 12th September, 1670, reciting that on 24th November, 1639, Sir John Wolstenholme appointed ;£ioo to be expended in purchasing a yearly revenue for the poor. Sylvester Dennis conveyed to the rector and churchwardens, for this purpose, a piece of ground in the parish of St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate. 4. — Lowen's Charity. John Lowen, by will, 19th September, 1669, charged property at Rainham, in Essex, called Gerpens or Jaspin's Farm, with two payments, each of £,2 \is. od. yearly, to provide seven two-penny loaves every Sunday, to be brought into the church and given to seven of the poorest, aged, and most infirm in the parishes of Rainham and St. Olave Hart Street. 384 APPENDIX. 5. — Bayneham's Charity. Founded in 1572 by Mrs. Mary Bayneham. ^^5 i,s. od , called "the groat gift," used to be given away in six fourpenny pieces weekly, and was a specific charge upon the property, and the moiety of the residue. See Allhallows' Staining Benefactions. 6. — Sir James Ueane's Gift. The only record respecting this charity is one of the Benefaction Tables, dated 1763, by which it appears that ;,^s 41. od. per annum, the donation of Sir James Deane, issuing out of Ash Farm, near Basingstoke, was to be given in bread, 25. worth weekly. 7. — John Hylord's Gift. The Benefaction Table states that this was a gift of ;!^2 per annum, a rent charge upon two houses in Hylord's Court, Crutched Friars, and a tablet on the wall at S.E. end of the nave states also that the benefactor " doth alow for foure Sarmones yerlie for ever as by his will at large doth appeare." The payment for the poor has been regularly received from the India office, and previously was received from the East India Company. The payment ;£2 it,s. ^d. per annum in respect of the sermons was in abeyance during the incumbencies of Letts and Laing, and for several years after I became rector. A Memorandum Book, however, bequeathed to his successors by Dr. H. B. Owen, showing the tithes and other payments received by the rector, came at length into my possession, and enabled me to recover from the India Office the arrears due from the date of my appointment, the claim not being barred by the general Statutes of Limitations, but valid under 3 and 4, William IV, c. 27, § 29. Under this statute the claims of bishops, rectors, &c., are not barred until after two incumbencies and six years, if they make up sixty years ; or, with as many added years as will make up sixty years. The ecclesiastical part of the charity does not appear in Hare's Report, i860. 8. — Richard Cheyney's Gift. This charity, which dates from 1625, consists of a charge of 40J. per annum, to be paid to four poor men or women of St. Olave's. The Churchwardens of St. Mary Woolnoth pay the amount. The estate, out of which it issued, was sold in 1853, under the provisions of the Victoria London Dock Act, and the purchase money was invested in Consols. 9. — Andrew Windsor's Gift. Andrew Windsor by will dated isth May, 1625, gave £,6 13^. ^d. per annum by a charge upon a house in Crutched Friars, to the Rector and Churchwardens to distribute among poor inhabitants. The house was taken by the London and Blackwall Railway Company, subject to this payment. 10. — Margaret Dane's Gift. By her will, i6th May, 1579, Margaret Dane, bequeathed a considerable sum to the Ironmongers' Company, inter alia, that they should purchase annually at best times bundles of faggots to be distributed for the benefit of the poor among the Wards in the City of London. Instead of this, for many years past, small sums of money have been given. APPENDIX. 385 II. — Benjamin Smith's Gift. By will dated 3rd September, 17 19, Benjamin Smith gave ^100, the interest of which was to be applied to the relief of five poor old men, and five poor old women, who should be inhabitants of St. Olave's Hart Street, every New Year's Day, immediately after morning prayer, at the Parish Church. 12.— Evans's Gift. By will 12 April, 1740, Richard Evans bequeathed ^20 to the Rector and Church- wardens of St. Olave's Hart Street, the interest of which was from St. Thomas's Day in every year after divine service, to be equally divided among poor widows to be chosen by the Rector and Churchwardens. 13. — Lambert's Gift. Sir Daniel Lambert (who died in 1 742), according to the Benefaction Table gave £(io, the interest of which was to be paid to poor men and poor women of the parish every New Year's Day. 14. — Williamson's Gift. By will, dated 29th May, 1780, John Williamson gave to St. Olave's Hart Street, ^do, the interest to be divided among three poor people not taking other alms. 15. — William Tunnard's Gift. By his will, dated the 13th February, 1829, after desiring to be interred in the parish where he should die, in a substantial brick grave, with a strong plain stone over the same, gave to the Minister and Churchwardens of such parish ;^5oo Three per Cent, reduced Annuities, free of legacy duty, upon trust, to apply so much of the Dividends as should be annually wanted to keep in repair his said gravestone, and after payment thereof, to pay the sexton of the parish £,\ per annum for his care and trouble in respect of his said grave, and the residue for the poor inhabitants. 16. — iBarton's Gift. Rebecca Barton, by her will dated 183 1, and proved in February, 1834, gave ;^ioo Three per Cent. Consols for the poor. This charity is not affected by the Scheme of the City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883. See p. 391. 17. — Parish Estate. One Hundred Pounds New Three per Cents., supposed to have arisen from fines paid by persons declining to serve as Churchwardens. Cf. pp. 228, 229 and 32. Lady Anne Hope's Lectureship. By will dated 16 19, Lady Anne Hope charged her property at Erith in Kent, with the payment of ^12 per annum in respect of a lecture to be delivered the first Thursday in every month in the parish church of St. Olave Hart Street, failing which, in the parish church of St. Botolph Aldgate ; if St. Botolph neglect, then the bequest to go to St. James's, Duke's Place. The property upon which the payment was charged was sold by Lieut. -Col. Wheatley DDD 386 APPENDIX. about the year 1874, and the lot 144, the Erhh Ballast Wharf, was sold to Mr. Parish, of Erith, subject to this charge. Lady Anne Hope's will, however, made " all and singular her lands, messuages, &c, chargeable." This ecclesiastical charity does not appear in Hare's Report, i860. St. Olave's Hart Street and Allhallows' Staining Joint Charity. Church and Church Services Maintenance Fund. On the union of the two Parishes for ecclesiastical purposes the sum of ^^'2,000 was, under the provisions of the Scheme, paid to the Churchwardens of the United benefice. The amount was invested in the purchase of J[,i,()Zo /^. od. East India Four per Cent. Stock, in the names of the Churchwardens of the two Parishes, producing an income of ^^79 ^s. id. This charity is not affected by the City of London Parochial Charities Act, the endowment being less than fifty years old. BENEFACTIONS. PARISH OF ALLHALLOWS STAINING. I. — Costyn's Gift. John Costyn, girdler, to whom reference has been made (pp. 326, 327) by his will dated ist August, 1442, proved in the Court of Husting in 1447, "bequeathed to Johanna his wife, the reversion of certain shops, land, etc., in the alley called ' le Peynted Aley,' and in Martlane in the parish of All Hallows de Stanyngchirch charged with observing his obit, with silent mass of one of the five joys of the glorious mother of God, and other religious and charitable uses, and further with the distribution between the Vigil of All Saints and Easter Eve, so long as his wife shall live of 100 quarters of coals among the poor of the parish, if there shall be so many poor dwelling therein, or else to the poor in the next parish within the Tower Ward, a single man or woman receiving weekly one bushel of good measure ' full be heped.' After the death of his wife the lands and tenements to go to Alice, his daughter, wife of Thomas Pecke, in tail, subject to similar provisions ; remainder to the Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London, subject to the same obligations, for the maintenance of the water conduits of the City. In default the property to go over to the Vicar of St. Laurence Jewry, and the Wardens of the Girdlers' Company in trust for sale, the proceeds to be applied to the repair of bridges and highways, the bestowal of marriage portions, and other pious and charitable uses." See " Sharpe's Calendar." Before the Scheme under London City Charities Act, 1883, came into operation, the names of persons chosen by the Rector and Churchwardens were sent, annually, to the Keeper at Guildhall, and fifteen or sixteen persons received two or three bushels of coals weekly; forty bushels a week were thus distributed for twenty successive weeks from 31st October. APPENDIX. 387 2. — Claymond's Gift. Olyver Claymond, Citizen and Clothworker, in the first codicil to his will bearing date the last day of February, in the 31st year of Henry VIII (a.d. 1539-40), proved in 1540 in the Court of Husting, bequeathed unto the Clothworkers' Company certain messuages in the parishes of St. Christopher " next the Stokkes of London," St. Olave near the Tower, and St. Nicholas Aeon, after the decease of his wife Ann, they paying unto Thoniasine, one of his daughters, ^^4 sterling per annum, and also " yearly providing the Paschal light and Sepulchre light at Easter within the Church of All Hallows Staining, and also finding yearly 4 staff torches and the garnishing of 24 other torches, within the said church upon Corpus Christi day to accompany reverently the Sacrament." Cf. pp. 328, 365 and 389, "Parish Estate." The Parish regularly received zos. per annum from the Clothworkers' Company till 1874 when, under an Order of the Charity Commissioners, the sum of;^so was invested in the names of the OflRcial Trustees of Charitable Funds. 3. — Mrs. Mary Bayneham's Charity. Founded in 1572, and endowed with six messuages or tenements for the perpetual relief of poor people resident and dwelling in Allhallows Staining and St. Olave Hart Street next adjoining, to the best of the skill and understanding of her trustees. ^ In each parish the sum of £,<, i^s. a year, or 2s. a week was to be given to the poor every Sunday, and a moiety of the balance was to be paid to the Churchwardens of each parish. In St. Olave's the amount was always distributed among the poor; in Allhallows Staining it was applied at one time in aid of the Poor Rate {see Hare's Report in i860, in which it is further stated that there were then no special trustees of the estate]. By an Order of the Charity Commissioners, 21st July, 1876, the Rector and Churchwardens of the two parishes, and three persons from each of them, were appointed trustees, and by another Order, 6th March, 1877, a scheme was framed for filling up vacancies in the Trust. The gross income of the Charity was _;^i,i4o per annum, in 1891. 4. — Parrot's Gift. John Parrot, of the City of London, gentleman, by will dated 31st October, 1572, proved 1572-3 (Hust), left a messuage in St. James at Garlick Hithe, to the Rector and Churchwardens of the parish, in trust to divide the rents among the poorest of the said parish, and the parish of All Hallows Stayning, " parte and parte lyke either parisshe." The Churchwardens' books of the parish of Allhallows Stayning, show that the sum of 40J. has been received every year from the Churchwardens of St. James, Garlick Hithe, but no such rent charge is mentioned in the testator's will as enrolled (Report of the City Parochial Charities Commission, 1880, Vol. Ill, pp. 18 and 197). DDD 2 388 APPENDIX. 5. — Margaret Dane's Gift. The Ironmongers' Company under the will of Mrs. Margaret Dane, i6th May, 1579, paid annually amounts varying from ds. to 75. 6. — The Gifts of William and Mary Harrison. William Harrison, by his will 4th March, 1619, left £\^o for bread and clothing to thirteen poor aged and impotent persons. Mary Harrison, by her will 15th October, 1656, bequeathed £,\$o for coals to twelve poor aged women. The Haberdashers' Company are the trustees of these charities. 7. — Handson's Gift. Raphe (Ralph) Handson, Ironmonger, by his will proved 1653-4 (Hust), bequeathed to the Ironmongers' Company certain messuages in St. Olave's Hart Street, out of which, inter alia., payments were to be made of 20s. per annum for bread to the poor, 2s. 6d. each to the clerk and sexton, ^£2 los. for a dinner for the parishioners, and 20s. for a sermon to be preached in the church of All Hallows Stayning, on St. Mark's Day. " Yesterday an anniversary sermon was preach'd at S. AUhallows Staining in Mark- lane, according to the will of Mr. Ralph Handson citizen and ironmonger, commemorating as on that day his deliverance from ship wreck, &c., a large allowance of bread was distributed to the poor, &c." See "The Grub Street Journal," Thursday, May ist, 1735, number 279, under the heading " Domestic News," 8. — Bewley's Gift. Founded by Thomas Bewley in 1667, who, by his will dated 31st July, 1667, bequeathed ^£300 for purchasing lands or tenements in London ; one moiety for the main- tenance and encouragement of an able and godly preaching minister, who shall be parson of the said Parish (AUhallows Staining) and the other moiety for the poor. The sum of ^330 14.?., New Three per Cent. Annuities belonging to this Charity now stands to the credit of the Official Trustees of Charitable Funds under an Order of the Board of 15th January, 1869. This charity is specially excepted from the Scheme of the City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883. &e p. 391. 9. — Winter's School Charity. William Winter, in 1669, gave a legacy of ^1,000 (of which only ;^soo was paid) to be employed for the best advantage of six poor boys in this Parish for their instruction. In 1 68 1 a Scheme was settled by the Commissioners of Charitable Uses appointed under the Act 43 Queen Elizabeth. The fund, by adding to capital, interest saved, amounted to ;^2,2So Consols, and the income was applied to the education, clothing and apprenticeship of six poor boys. APPENDIX. 389 10. — Ladv Holford's Gift. Lady Elizabeth Holford, by her will dated 19th November, 17 17, directed her executors to purchase or settle out of her estate ;[^\o per annum for the use of a minister reading prayers twice a day in the church of Allhallows Staining, ^d for the clerk, and ;^4 for the sexton, and the residue of her estate in augmentation of the aforesaid charitable purposes, or such other charitable uses as the executors should think fit. The property of this charity was sold to the Trinity House, and the sale was confirmed by an Act 37 George III, c. 83 (local and personal) which made the Trinity House subject to a yearly rent-charge of ;^7o, viz., ^46 \t,s. 4d., payable to the rector, j^j to the clerk, ;^4 13J. 4^. to the sexton, and ;!^ii 13^. 4^. to be distributed among the poor. By an order of Her Majesty in Council, 1870, the sum of ;£46 13^. 4^. is appro- priated to the rector of the united parishes, together with one moiety of Bewley's Gift. This charity is specially excepted from the Scheme of the City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883. See p. 391. II. — Dorrien's Gift. John Dorrien, in 1785, bequeathed to the Rector and Churchwardens ^100, for poor inhabitants not receiving other alms. ^175 Consols representing this charity stands to the credit of the official Trustees of Charitable Funds. 12. — H.-iYES Gift. James Hayes, of Great Surrey Street, Blackfriars, who died March 4th, 182 1, gave ;^ioo to the poor of this Parish. The amount was invested in the purchase of ;^97 8s. ^d. New Four per Cents., now New Three per Cents. 13. — The Parish Estate. This consists of N° 7, Mark Lane, which adjoined the Parish Church, and was between the Church and Star Alley. A lease for ninety-nine years was granted in 1534 to the then Churchwardens, Oliver Claymond and John de Cane, by the Abbot and Convent of our Lady of Graces, near the Tower of London, at the rent of 2s., and renewable for another ninety-nine years at the same rent on a fine of -^s. 4d. The house was let at that time for 205. per annum. John de Cane survived Oliver Claymond, and died possessed of the lease. John Saunders, one of the Churchwardens in 1589, took out administration to the estate of De Cane, and by Deed Poll, dated 8th March, 1589, granted to Peter Austin, the other Churchwarden, and eleven other parishioners, the said lease and his estate in the house for the residue of the term of ninety-nine years, " to the use and behoof of the whole Parish of Allhallows Staining to the extent that they with the rents, &c., should pay the said yearly rent of 2s. . . . And well and sufficiently repair, sustain and amend the Parish Church, and relieve and help the poor of the same parish, and do such other deeds of charity as to them the Churchwardens should seem good." 390 APPENDIX. On the dissolution of the Monastery of our Lady of Graces in 1539, the said house, subject to the lease, became vested in the Crown, and in 1602 was granted by letters patent of September 22nd, in the forty-fourth year of Queen Elizabeth's reign, by the Crown to John Porter, whose executor or devisee granted the premises to the Churchwardens and fourteen parishioners. On 22nd October, 1650, new Trustees, nominated by the Vestry, were appointed by Indenture of Bargain and Sale. The Churchwardens were to take the rents, to be applied by the Vestry to the same purposes as heretofore. At Michaelmas, i860, a building lease was granted for eighty years at £,\A° per annum. The above information regarding No. 7, Mark Lane, is based upon the statement drawn up by Mr. John Watney, then Vestry Clerk, and presented to the Charity Com- missioners at their inquiry in 1880. 14. — Barker's Gift. Joseph Barker, of Leadenhall Street, brazier, born in this parish, at N° 13, Billiter Lane, and brought up in Winter's School, by his will, proved 21st May, 1836 (P.C.C), bequeathed ^^150 for the use and benefit of "William Winter's Children," the interest to be laid out in purchasing their freedom (after having served their apprenticeship to a freeman of the City) upon these conditions, that his grave and flat-stone be kept in order, and that the statement of the above donation be inscribed on the said stone. With accumulations the amount of Stock became ;£^4i7 9^'. 8^. Consols. By an Order of the Charity Commissioners, 19th May, 1874, the Rector and Churchwardens for the time being were appointed trustees, and the net income, so far as it was not required for the special purposes named by the testator, was to be applied in augmenting the premiums heretofore paid under Winter's Charity for apprenticing boys, or otherwise, towards the advancement in life or other benefit of such boys. This Charity, being an endowment less than fifty years old at the commencement of "The City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883," was excepted from the Scheme, but Winter's Charity came under its operation, and as there are now no " Winter's Children " to be apprenticed, the trustees are applying to the Charity Commissioners for permission to employ the net income for the apprenticing, or other advantage, of poor boys in the parish. This Charity is not affected by the Scheme of the City of London Parochial Charities Act, 1883. CITY OF LONDON PAROCHIAL CHARITIES ACT, 1883. It will he convenient here to refer to this important measure, and to shew how the Charities of the two parishes were affected by it, and by the Scheme framed subsequently. The City parishes were enumerated in two Schedules. The first Schedule comprised St. Andrew, Holborn ; St. Botolph, Aldgate ; St. Botolph, Bishopsgate; St. Bride, Fleet Street; and St. Giles, Cripplegate; and the second Schedule embraced the rest The APPENDIX. 391 Charities belonging to the parishes of St. Olave Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining (with but a few exceptions, as shown below), came under the operation of a Scheme which was confirmed by an Order of Her Majesty in Council, 23rd February, 1891. The property was divided by the Commissioners into Ecclesiastical and General Charity Property, and the following is a summary of a Statement VI, 43, dated ist October, 1887. The income was according to the finding of the Commissioners :- Ecclesiastical Charities : — St. Olave Hart Street, Income Allhallows Staining, „ General Charities : — St. Olave Hart Street, Income Bayneham (moiety of) „ Allhallows Staining, Income Bayneham (moiety of) „ £ s. d. 37 • 3 ■ 4 116 . 14 . 2 774 . 15 • 9 564 • 16 . 238 . I • 3 564 ■ 16 . 1.339 II Total 802 . 17 . 3 ^2,142 . 9.0 Charities not affected by the Scheme : — (a) Founded since 20"" Aug., 1833. St. Olave. Barton (Rebecca) the poor Allhallows. Barker (Joseph) United Parishes. Church fund, maintenance and repair of the fabric and the Services (6) Specially excepted from the Scheme (Schedule I) St. Olave Hart Street. The Advowson. Allhallows Staining. Bewley (Thomas). 3 12 79 o 10 Holford (Lady Elizabeth). Ecclesiastical General Ecclesiastical General 4 4 58 19 . 19 . 6 . 8 II . 13 . 4 The following payments were to be made or provided in respect of persons claiming to have a vested interest or an equitable claim to continue to receive any emoluments enjoyed before the passing of the Act, 1883 : — Out of the Central Fund (Schedule IV) : — Vested Interests, Pensioners, &c., St. Olave Allhallows Equitable claims. St. Olave Allhallows Out of the City Church Fund (Schedule VI) : — ■ Vested Interest. The Rector 187 nil. 595 15° ;£39 •13-4 40 o 392 APPENDIX. In any Scheme relating to parishes enumerated in the Second Schedule, the Commissioners were to apply ecclesiastical charity property, or any part of the income thereof, to ecclesiastical purposes in each parish possessed of such property, and further to the maintenance of the fabric and monuments of any churches within the City of London of architectural or historical interest, which did not already possess sufficient funds available for this purpose. Accordingly, out of the City Church Fund Capital Account (under Schedule III of Scheme), the sum of ;^i,2oo was to be paid for the repair and restoration of the Parish Church of St. Olave Hart Street, and out of the City Church Fund (Schedule VII), the following annual payments were to be made to the Minister and Churchwardens of the United Parishes of St. Olave Hart Street, and AUhallows Staining : — For the maintenance and occasional cleaning and repairs of the fabric of the Church, one-third at least to be (so far f x^ ^■ as practicable) accumulated for the purpose of extra- ordinary repairs - For the ordinary cleaning and repairs of the church and ^ During the incumbencyof the ornaments thereof, and for the maintenance of / ^^^ ^^''' ^' ^°"'^^- I / 74. o o Public Worship > "^'^ HI A T,r • r , . I After the expiration of Mary Ann Wyatt to receive out of this sum 17J. 6^. per \ ^u^h incumbency. annum as long as she continues Sexton ) ;^io2 o o From this summary it will be seen, that so far as the Ecclesiastical Charities are concerned, the united parishes are in a better position than they were before the passing of the Act, 1883, having received the sum of ;^i,2oo for the repair and restoration of the Parish Church, and being entitled to an annual payment of £,^0 for the maintenance of the fabric and monuments. The effect, however, of the Act upon the general charities of the two parishes is that the parishes have jointly been deprived of ^2,142 gj-, the gross income, subject to pensions, amounting to ;^832, or, to take the case of AUhallows by itself, this parish has lost charity property of the gross income of ^1,139 \\s. 9^., subject to pensions amounting to -^15°- The number of pensioners, poor, aged, and many of them infirm, is already greatly reduced, and within a few years the property will be free of these charges. The trustees of the charities were persuaded that the time had come for re-adjusting them, and for reducing, and that very largely, the amount at their disposal, but it will be a lasting regret that the appeal for a small portion of this property, to be retained and dispensed by the parochial authorities, was disregarded. APPENDIX. 393 V. THE LONDON (CITY) TITHES ACT. An Act for the Commutation of Tithes in certain Parishes in the Citv of London ; and for other purposes. [Referred to on pp. 24^-8.^ [Royal Assent, 2jth/ufy, 1864.} Whereas the Incumbents of the parishes in the City of London, and the liberties thereof, which are named in the Schedules to this Act, are entitled to certain tithes or sums of money in lieu of tithes arising or growing due therein, under the provisions of an Act passed in the thirty-seventh year of the reign of King Henry the Eighth, intituled, "An Act for Tithes in London,' and of the decree made in pursuance thereof, which is printed in the statutes at large ; And whereas in some of those parishes, namely the parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act, the parishioners in vestry assembled, and the Incumbents, with the approval of the Bishop of the diocese, and the consent of the patrons of the benefices, have agreed for the commutation of the tithes or sums aforesaid, now variable with the rental, into. annual fixed tithes or sums of money in lieu of tithes, to be raised and paid by rates to be assessed in the parishes ; And whereas the amounts of the annual fixed tithes, agreed on in the said last- mentioned parishes, appear in the first Schedule to this Act ; And whereas it is expedient that, with respect to the same parishes, the commutation aforesaid be made binding and be carried into effect ; And whereas it is expedient that, with respect to the parishes mentioned in the second Schedule to this Act, and the Parishes of Allhallows Staining, Mark Lane, and Christchurch, Newgate Street, power should be given to the parishioners in vestry assembled, and with such consents and approval as are in this Act expressed, to agree for the commutation of the tithe, or sums of money in lieu of tithes arising or growing due in the same parishes respectively, under the said Act and decree, for fixed annual tithes or sums of money in lieu of tithes ; eee 394 APPENDIX. And whereas the objects aforesaid cannot be effected without the authority of Parliament ; May it therefore please Your Majesty, That it may be enacted, and Be it enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : 1. This Act may be cited as "The London (City) Tithes Act. 1864. 2. In this Act the term " Churchwardens " means and includes the churchwardens of any parish, the overseers of the poor thereof, or other the persons (if any) for the time being authorized to make and levy, or cause to be made and levied, the rates for the relief of the poor of the parish, and the term " Poor Rates" means the last mentioned rates. 3. On the passing of this Act, all tithes, and payments instead of tithes, arising or growing due to the Incumbents for the time being of the several parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act, under the said Act of King Henry the Eighth, and the decree made in ■pursuance thereof, shall, as from the twenty-fourth day of June last, cease and be extinguished, and the said several Incumbents shall as from that day receive the respective annual fixed tithes in the first Schedule specified in lieu of and by way of commutation for all such tithes and payments as aforesaid ; and the said parishes respectively shall pay the same, and such annual fixed tithes shall be raised as hereinafter mentioned, and the terms and stipulations in the first Schedule shall be as binding as if the same were expressly enacted in the body of this Act. 4. And whereas it is expedient that the annual fixed tithes payable under this Act should be subject to revision, at the times and in the manner next hereinafter mentioned ; and whereas, for the purposes of this Act, the average prices for twenty-eight years now last past of an imperial bushel of British wheat, barley and oats respectively have been computed at the respective sums following, that is to say : wheat, six shillings and tenpence farthing ; barley, four shillings and one penny farthing ; oats, two shillings and ninepence halfpenny ; Therefore, with respect to each of the parishes mentioned in the first schedule to this Act, the following provisions shall take effect, namely : 1. On the first avoidance of the benefice that happens after the expiration of a period of twenty-eight years from the passing of this Act, the said annual fixed tithes shall be revised ; 2. On such revision the amount of the said annual fixed tithes to be paid during the period that will elapse until the second revision under the present enactment shall be ascertained as follows : namely, the total amount thereof shall for the purposes of computation be deemed to be divided into three equal parts, representing the respective values of wheat, barley, and oats, and those three equal parts respectively shall be increased or decreased according as the average prices of an imperial bushel of British APPENDIX. 395 wheat, barley and oats respectively for the then immediately preceding period of twenty-eight years are respectively greater or less than the respective average prices hereinbefore specified, and proportionately to the difference between the average prices at such two periods respectively ; 3. On every subsequent avoidance of the benefice, if a period of twenty-eight years or upwards, from the date of the then last preceding revision has then elapsed, but not otherwise, the said annual fixed tithes shall be again revised ; 4. On every such revision as last aforesaid, the amount of the said annual fixed tithes to be paid during the period that will elapse until the then next subsequent revision, shall be ascertained as follows, namely : the total amount thereof shall, for the purposes of computation, be deemed to be divided into three equal parts, representing the respective values of wheat, barley and oats, and those three equal parts respectively shall be increased or decreased according as the average prices of an imperial bushel of British wheat, barley and oats respectively, for the then immediately preceding period of twenty-eight years, are respectively greater or less than the average prices of such imperial bushels respectively were at the then last preceding revision, and proportionately to the difference between the average prices at such two periods respectively ; 5. For the purpose of every such revision as aforesaid, the requisite average prices of an imperial bushel of British wheat, barley and oats respectively, shall be ascertained by calculation from the advertisements inserted in the "London Gazette," in pursuance of section fifty-six of the Act of the session of the sixth and seventh years of King William the Fourth, " for the Commutation of Tithes in England and Wales." 5. In the said several parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act, the churchwardens shall, from time to time, by virtue of and under the authority of this Act, and without any resolution or other authority of or from the ratepayers or parishioners in vestry assembled or otherwise, and notwithstanding any resolution or direction to the contrary, make and levy equal and sufficient pound rates to be called tithe rates, and shall thereout pay the respective annual fixed tithes to the Incumbents respectively ; and other the sums requisite to be raised for the purposes of this Act. 6. Those rates shall in each case be levied on the persons and in respect of the property by law rateable to poor rates in the parish, (except as hereinafter mentioned) and also on the occupiers and in respect of any other property in the parish now subject to tithe, and as to property rateable to poor rates, shall be assessed on the net annual value of the property as ascertained by the valuation or assessment for the poor rates, and as to property subject to tithe but not rateable to poor rates, according to its net annual value. EEE 2 396 APPENDIX. 7. Every occupier of property in any of the said parishes, which, although subject to the payment of poor rates, is exempt from tithes or liable only to a modus or other prescriptive or custonioiry payment, shall continue to be exempt or liable only to such modus or prescriptive or customary payment in the same manner as if this Act had not been passed, and such modus or the amount of such prescriptive or customary payment shall be paid to the churchwardens as part of the annual fixed tithes in the parish. 8. The churchwardens in levying the tithes shall proceed in the same manner, and shall have the same powers, remedies and privileges, as if those rates were poor rates. 9. The churchwardens for the respective parishes mentioned in the first schedule to this Act, may from time to time appoint a clerk and also a collector or collectors of the tithe rates to be made, as by this Act provided, taking from him or them such securities for the due performance of his or their duties as they, the churchwardens, shall think fit ; and the churchwardens shall from time to time pay such salaries and make such reasonable allowances to such officer or officers as the case may require ; and the churchwardens may from time to time remove or displace such clerk and collector or collectors whenever they shall see occasion, and appoint another or others in his or their stead; and the churchwardens for such respective parishes shall from time to time, within ten days after such rates shall have been made, deliver a copy thereof to the collector or collectors to be appointed under or by virtue of this Act. 10. The churchwardens for such respective parishes shall cause their accounts to be balanced up to the thirty-first day of December in every year, and shall produce the same, with a full statement of all rates levied and monies received and expended by them in such year, at the next Easter vestry, and every such account shall be entered in the parish ledger, and may be inspected at all reasonable times, without payment, by every ratepayer in the parish, and a copy of every such account shall be delivered to every ratepayer who shall require the same, upon payment of one shilling for each copy. 1 1 . The tithe rates shall be subject to the same provisions and rules of law as poor rates with respect to appeal against any assessment made on property «iot rateable to poor rates : Provided, That it shall not be necessary to obtain an allowance of the tithe rates by any Justice or Justices of the Peace. 12. The excess (if any) levied by the tithe rates in any year beyond the amount requisite for the purposes of this Act for that year, shall be dealt with as if the same were part of the next succeeding tithe rate. 13. The annual fixed tithes payable to any Incumbent under this Act shall be free and clear from all deductions, and exempt from all taxes, rates and assessments whatsoever, parliamentary, parochial, or otherwise, except property and income tax : Provided nevertheless, That the amount of the said annual fixed tithes, payable as aforesaid, shall, for the purpose only of the computation hereinafter mentioned, be included by the overseer or overseers, or by the assessment committee, in the valuation list of the parish in which such tithes are payable, and APPENDIX. 397 shall be added to the annual rateable value of the property in such parish, in computing the amount of contribution to the common fund for the several parishes in the union in which such parish is comprised. 14. The annual fixed tithes specified in the first Schedule to this Act shall be paid to the several Incumbents clear of all deductions on account of any tax, rate or assessment as aforesaid, by equal quarterly payments on the four usual quarterly days for payment of rents in every year, the first of such payments to be made on the twenty-ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. 15. An outgoing Incumbent or the representatives of a deceased Incumbent shall receive from the succeeding Incumbent a proportionate payment for any incomplete quarter in which the avoidance of the living may occur, to be paid out of the first quarterly payment falling due after such avoidance.' 16. In every case in which any quarterly payment of the annual fixed tithes specified in the first Schedule to this Act shall be in arrear in any of the parishes named in that Schedule for twenty-one days after such quarterly day of payment, it shall be lawful for any Justice of the Peace for the City of London, on application under the hand of the Incumbent of the parish, to summon the churchwardens to show cause before himself or any other Justice of the said City, why such quarterly payment has not been made ; and after hearing the matter, it shall be lawful for the Justice, by warrant under his hand and seal, to cause the quarterly payment in arrear, together with the costs occasioned by such arrear, to be levied and recovered from the church- wardens, or any of them, in like manner as monies assessed for the relief of the poor may be assessed and recovered, and the amount recovered shall be paid to the Incumbent : Provided, That until each quarterly payment of any of the said annual fixed tithes shall have been actually paid to the Incumbent of the parish, by and out of monies raised by means of such tithe rates as aforesaid, the tithe-payers therein shall remain liable to pay and to be assessed in such tithe rates as aforesaid, in order to the raising of funds for the purpose, and that whether or no the Incumbent shall have made application to a Justice for such warrant as aforesaid. 17. With respect to the several parishes mentioned in the second Schedule to this Act, it shall be lawful for the parishioners of any of the same parishes assembled in vestry, of which vestry and of the special object thereof notice shall have been given in the accustomed manner, to agree with the Incumbent for the commutation of the tithes, or sums of money instead of tithes, arising or growing due therein, under the provisions of the said Act of King Henry the Eighth, and decree, into an annual fixed tithe or sum to be paid by the parishes respectively, and to be raised by tithe rates to be assessed therein ; and if the Bishop of London and the patrons of the benefice respectively shall approve of any such agreement, and notice shall be given of such agreement and approval in the "London Gazette," such agreement shall thereupon be binding on the Incumbent and parishioners of the parish and on the patrons of the benefice, and the tithes and sums of money in lieu of tithes in the parish shall cease and be extinguished on and from the quarter day preceding the date of such advertisement, and the Incumbent shall receive the annual fixed tithe mentioned in the agreement, in lieu of and in commutation for 398 APPENDIX. tithes or sums payable in lieu of tithes ; and the first payment thereof shall be made on the quarter day next succeeding the advertisement, and the provisions of this Act shall apply thereto in such and the same manner as if the parish had been comprised in the first Schedule to this Act. 1 8. With respect to the parish of Allhallows Staining, Mark Lane, it shall be lawful for the parishioners of the said parish assembled in vestry, of which and of the special object thereof notice shall have been given in the accustomed manner, to agree with the Incumbent for the commutation of the tithes, or sums of money instead of tithes, arising or growing due therein under the provisions of the said Act of King Henry the Eighth, and decree, into an annual fixed tithe or sum to be paid by the said parish, and to be raised by tithe rates to be assessed therein ; and if the Wardens and Commonalty of the Mystery of Grocers of the City of London (the lay impropriators and patrons of the benefice) shall approve of such agreement, and notice of such agreement and approval shall be given in the " London Gazette,'' such agreement shall thereupon be binding on the patrons, Incumbent and parishioners of the said parish, and the tithes, and sums of money in lieu of tithes, in the said parish shall cease and be extinguished on and from the quarterly day of payment next preceding the date of such advertisement, and the said patrons, or their nominee, shall receive the annual fixed tithe mentioned in the agreement in lieu of and in commutation for the tithes, or sums payable in lieu of tithes, and the first payment thereof shall be made on the quarter day next succeeding the advertisement, and the provisions of this Act shall apply thereto in such and the same manner as if the said parish had been comprised in the first Schedule to this Act. 19. With respect to the parish of Christ Church, Newgate Street, it shall be lawful for the parishioners of the said parish assembled in vestry, of which and of the special object thereof notice shall have been given in the accustomed manner, to agree with the lay impropriators of the tithes of the said parish for the commutation of the said tithes, or sums of money instead of tithes, arising or growing due therein, under the provisions of the said Act and decree, into an annual fixed tithe or sum to be paid by the said parish, and to be raised by tithe rates to be assessed therein ; and if notice of such agreement shall be given in the " London Gazette," such agreement shall thereupon be binding on the said lay impropriators and parishioners of the said parish, and the tithes and sums of money in lieu of tithes in the said parish shall cease and be extinguished on and from the quarterly day of payment next preceding the date of such advertisement, and the said impropriators shall receive the annual fixed tithe mentioned in the agreement, in lieu of and in commutation for the tithes or sums payable in lieu of tithes, and the first payment thereof shall be made on the quarter day next succeeding the advertisement, and the provisions of this Act shall apply thereto in such and the same manner as if the said parish had been comprised in the first Schedule to this Act. 20. Nothing in this Act contained shall prejudice or affect the right of any Incumbent of any parish in the first Schedule hereto to any tithe or sum in lieu thereof, under the said Act and decree, which shall have become due before or on the said twenty-fourth day of June last, or as to the Incumbent of Allhallows Staining, Mark Lane, and the said Wardens and APPENDIX. 399 Commonalty of the Mystery of Grocers, or as to the lay impropriators of the tithes of the parish of Christchurch, Newgate Street, and the parishes in the second Schedule hereto, before or on the quarterly day of payment next preceding the advertising of any such agreement and approval as aforesaid. 21. Nothing herein contained shall repeal or alter any of the Acts relating to the London and Blackwall Railway Company, or affect their liability to the payment for or in respect of tithes under the provisions of those Acts ; and all monies from time to time payable by that Company for or in respect of tithes in any or either of the parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act, shall be paid to and received by the churchwardens or their collector, and shall be applied in part payment of the fixed tithes or sums of money in lieu of tithes hereby provided to be raised in such parish or parishes. 22. The amount of the costs, charges and expenses of, and incidental to, the applying for and passing of this Act, shall be ascertained, in the event of difference, by the Taxing Officer of the House of Commons, and the same (together with the amount of the costs, charges and expenses attending such ascertainment) shall be and is hereby charged on the several parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act in equal shares, and shall be paid by the churchwardens out of the money levied therein respectively by tithe rates, made after the passing of this Act, and the churchwardens shall levy the money requisite for that purpose by tithe rates accordingly : Provided always. That if in any parish mentioned in the second Schedule to this Act, or in the parishes of Allhallows Staining, Mark Lane, or Christ Church, Newgate Street, respectively, an agreement shall be made and advertised under the provisions hereinbefore contained, the churchwardens of such parish shall forthwith pay to the church- wardens of the parishes mentioned in the first Schedule to this Act, to be divided between them and dealt with as if the same were tithe rates, one-eleventh part of the costs so to be ascertained out of the money to be levied by tithe rates, made after the advertisement of any such agreement, and approval as aforesaid, and the churchwardens of such parish shall levy the money required for that purpose by tithe rates accordingly. THE FIRST SCHEDULE. I. — Saint Andrew Undershaft. There shall be paid to the present Rector and to his successors Rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of two thousand five hundred pounds a-year. II. — Saint Katherine, Coleman. 1. There shall be paid to the present Rector, and to his successors Rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of one thousand five hundred and fifty pounds a-year. 2. For the first period of ten years during which the said fixed tithe is payable, the sum of eight hundred pounds a-year, part thereof shall be payable by and shall be assessed and levied on the East and West India Dock Company or their assigns exclusively, in respect of the property now occupied by the Company in the parish, and the residue thereof shall be 400 APPENDIX. payable by and assessed and levied on the persons or bodies other than that Company for the time being liable to the payment of the said sum of one thousand five hundred and fifty pounds a-year ; but after the expiration of the said period of ten years, the said Company or their assigns shall be chargeable only with their proportion of an equal pound rate with other parishioners. III. — Saint Olave, Hart Street. There shall be paid to the present Rector, and to his successors Rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of two thousand six hundred pounds a-year, of which the sum of six hundred pounds a-year is to be applied for church endowment, when a scheme shall have been agreed on by the trustees of the advowson and the Incumbent, with the approval of the Bishop, and confirmed by an order of Her Majesty in Council. IV. — Allhallows, London Wall. There shall be paid to the present Rector and to his successors Rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of one thousand seven hundred pounds a-year. V. — Allhallows Barking. There shall be paid to the present Vicar and to his successors Vicars for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of two thousand pounds a-year. VI. — Saint Ethelburga. There shall be paid to the present Rector and to his successors Rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of nine hundred and fifty pounds a-year. THE SECOND SCHEDULE. 1. Saint Alphage, I>ondon Wall. 2. Saint Martin Outwich, Threadneedle Street. 3. Saint Peter-le-Poor, Broad Street. THE UNION OF THE BENEFICES OF ALLHALLOWS STAINING AND ST. OLAVE HART STREET. \See pp. 240-1. '[ At the Court at Windsor, the 31st day of March, 1870. Present : The Queen's Most E.xcellent Majesty in Council. Whereas the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England, have, in pursuance of the Act of the twenty-third and twenty-fourth years of Her Majesty, chapter one hundred and forty-two, and of an Act of the thirty-second and thirty-third years of Her Majesty, being the " Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869," duly prepared and certified to and laid before Her Majesty APPENDIX. 401 in Council a scheme, bearing date the seventeenth day of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the words and figures following ; that is to say : "We, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England, acting in pursuance of the Act of the twenty-third and twenty-fourth years of your Majesty, chapter one hundred and forty-two, and of an Act of the thirty-second and thirty-third years of your Majesty, being the ' Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869,' have prepared and now humbly lay before your Majesty in Council, the following scheme for uniting the following contiguous benefices in the city and diocese of London, namely, the benefice (being a perpetual curacy) of Allhallows Staining, otherwise Allhallows Steyning, and the benefice (being a rectory) of Saint Olave Hart Street, that is to say : " Scheme for effecting the union of the following contiguous benefices in the city and diocese of London, namely, the perpetual curacy of Allhallows Staining and the rectory of Saint Olave Hart Street. " In this scheme the expression ' the Bishop ' means the Lord Bishop of London for the time being ; the expression ' the Commissioners ' means the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England ; the expression ' the Grocers Company ' means the Wardens and Commonalty of the Mystery of Grocers of the city of London ; the expression ' the tithes of Allhallows ' means the annual fixed tithes or sums of money in lieu of tithes (subject to periodical revision). The tithes of the parish of Allhallows Staining have been commuted under ' The London (City) Tithes Act, 1864.' "Statement concerning the Population, Endowment, Church Accommodation and Patronage, and as to the Incumbents of the said Benefices. Population. Allhallows Staining 358 Saint Olave Hart Street 757 1,115 Endowments. " The tithes of Allhallows Staining have been commuted under the provisions of ' The London (City) Tithes Act, 1864,' at ;^i,6oo a year (subject to periodical revision), and belong to the Grocers Company (as impropriators) under the trust of Lady Slaney's will ; and under the conditions of the said trust the incumbent of the benefice would be entitled to them in the event of the Company making an appointment to the vacant living. "The incumbent of Allhallows is entitled to receive from the Trinity House under the provisions of an Act of Parliament 39 ' George III, 1797, the following sums : — Lady Holford's Gift ;^46 13 4 a-year. 'Bewley's Gift - 4 19 2 „ p^5i 12 6 'An error for 37 George III, which however refers cap. 83 excUisively to Lady Holford's Gift. "Bewley's Gift was an earlier benefaction, and is described, p. 388. FFF 402 APPENDIX. Under the provisions of the same Act the parish clerk of Allhallows is paid £,1 a-year, and the sexton of Allhallows ;^4 \'^s. 4^. a-year. " The tithes of Saint Olave Hart Street have been commuted at ^2,600 a-year, subject to periodical revision, under the provisions of 'The London (City) Tithes Act, 1864,' subject to the sum of ';^6oo ayear being applied for church endowment when a scheme shall have been agreed on by the trustees of the advowson and by the incumbent, with the approval of the bishop, and confirmed by an Order of Her Majesty in Council.' " There is a Thursday evening lectureship endowed with £20 a-year, which the rector of Saint Olave has the option of holding. Parish Churches. " There is a church belonging to the parish of Allhallows Staining, capable of accommodating 300 persons. "There is a church belonging to the parish of Saint Olave Hart Street, capable of accommodating the like number. By an alteration in the seats of Saint Olave's church a larger number could be accommodated. " There is a parish clerk of Saint Olave (appointed by the rector), who has no salary, but receives a gratuity voted by the vestry of about jQi<^ a-year. " There is a sexton of Saint Olave's appointed annually by the vestry at a salary of £l\ a-year. Patronage. " The patrons of Allhallows Staining are the Grocers Company, as trustees of the will of Dame Margaret Slaney, deceased. " The patrons of Saint Olave Hart Street are the trustees of the advowson. The names and addresses of the present trustees are : — Joseph Turnley, 12, Cooper's-row, Henry Johnson, 39, Crutched-friars, Richard Williams, 8, Laura-place, Clapton, Thomas Williamson, 1 2, Savage-gardens, George Young, 17, Trinity-square, Tower-hill. Incumbents. " The benefice of Allhallows Staining is now vacant by the death of the Reverend Francis John Stainforth, the last incumbent thereof. He used to reside on his benefice. " The rector of Saint Olave Hart Street is the Reverend Alfred Povah, who resides on his benefice in the rectory house, which is adjacent to Saint Olave's Church. Terms of proposed Union. "That the said betiefices of Allhallows Staining and Saint Olave Hart Street, be united into one benefice, under the style of the United Rectory of Saint Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining. APPENDIX. 403 " That inasmuch as the Reverend Alfred Povah, who is the present incumbent of the benefice of Saint Olave Hart Street, has signified his willingness to become the incumbent of the united benefice, the union shall take effect immediately after the scheme shall be confirmed by an Order in Council, provided the said Alfred Povah be at that time incumbent of the benefice of Saint Olave Hart Street, and the benefice of Allhallows. Staining shall be vacant, in which case he shall be the first incumbent of the united benefice ; but if any other person shall be at that time incumbent of the benefice of Saint Olave Hart Street, then, if the benefice of Allhallows Staining shall be still vacant, the union shall take effect upon the next vacancy of the benefice of Saint Olave Hart Street, unless the incumbent of such benefice shall consent to become the incumbent of the united benefice, in which case the union shall forthwith take effect, and he shall be the first incumbent of the united benefice ; but if at the time when the scheme shall be so confirmed both of the said present benefices shall be full, then the union shall take effect upon the next vacancy of either of them, if the incumbent for the time being of the other of the said present benefices shall consent to become the incumbent of the united benefice, and he shall be the first incumbent of the united benefice, but if he shall not so consent then the union shall take effect immediately upon the next vacancy of his benefice, and the then incumbent of the other of the said present benefices shall be the first incumbent of the united benefice ; and in any case it shall be lawful for the bishop to admit to the united benefice such first incumbent (if an incumbent for the time being of either of the existing benefices) without any form or fee of presentation, and he shall thereupon become the incumbent of the united benefice. Until the time of the union taking effect the existing incumbencies shall remain separate, and the rights and liabilities in respect thereof shall remain unaffected. As respects the Church of the United Benefice : "That upon the union taking effect, the church of Saint Olave Hart Street shall become and thereafter continue to be the parish church of the united benefice, and that the inhabitants of the two parishes shall have the joint use of it, with the vestry-room, plate and furniture thereof. " That upon the union taking effect, the font, communion table, and sacramental plate, and the stained glass windows, organ, bells, clock, and pulpit respectively belonging to the church of Allhallows Staining, shall be appropriated for the use of all or any of the new churches, the patronage of which may be vested in the Grocers Company, in substitution for the patronage of the benefice of Allhallows Staining, as the bishop shall select, and may be transferred to such new churches or church accordingly. " That upon the union taking effect, if the tables of fees used in the two churches be alike in all particulars the table of fees used in the church which will become the church of the united benefice shall (until revised or altered by proper authority) be the table of fees for the united benefice ; but if such tables of fees be not alike in all particulars, the same shall be of no authority, and a new table of fees shall be made by the proper authority for the use of the united parishes as if the same were one parish. FFF 2 404 APPENDIX. " That upon the union taking effect, the persons who at that time shall hold the offices of parish clerk of the parish of AUhallows Staining and parish clerk of the parish of Saint Olave Hart Street shall, without any further appointment, become the joint parish clerks of the united benefice ; and the persons who, at the time of the union taking effect, shall hold the offices of sexton of the parish of AUhallows Staining and sexton of the parish of Saint Olave Hart Street shall without any further appointment become the joint sextons of the united benefice ; and upon the death, retirement or removal of either of the joint parish clerks, the other of them shall become the parish clerk of the united benefice ; and upon the death, retirement or removal of either of the joint sextons, the other of them shall become the sexton of the united benefice ; and the parish clerk of the united benefice shall afterwards upon any vacancy in that office be appointed by the incumbent of the united benefice, and any future vacancy in the office of sexton shall be filled up by the joint vestry of the two united parishes. " That upon the union taking effect the persons who at that time shall respectively hold the offices of clerk and sexton of the parishes of AUhallows Staining and Saint Olave Hart Street, and who shall become such joint clerks and sextons of the united benefice shall respectively cease to hold the office of clerk and sexton respectively of such last-mentioned parishes ; and the clerks shall so long as they shall be such joint clerks of the united benefice receive their present emoluments and from the same sources, and in like manner the sextons so long as they shall be such joint sextons of the united benefices shall receive their present emoluments and from the same sources, subject to the performance by such clerk and sexton respectively of such duties appertaining to the offices of clerk and sexton respectively in the parish church of the united benefices, or otherwise connected with such parish, and the performance of the services therein, as the rector and churchwardens may from time to time require ; but no parish clerk or sexton of the united benefice shall have any larger estate or interest in his office than he shall have possessed in his original office before the union ; the salaries of the clerk and sexton of the united benefice shall be paid as between the two parishes in proportion to the rateable annual value of the property as assessed for the time being for the purpose of the consolidated or police rate. As respects the Residence of the Incumbent : " That the rectory house of Saint Olave Hart Street be the residence of the incumbent of the united benefice. As respects the Endowments : " That upon the union taking effect, all the properties constituting the endowments of the respective benefices of AUhallows Staining and Saint Olave Hart Street (except the tithes of AUhallows) be transferred and annexed to the united benefice as the endowment thereof. As to the Patronage of the United Benefice ; "That the sole patronage of the united benefice be vested in the trustees of the advowson of Saint Olave Hart Street by way of substitution for the advowson of Saint Olave Hart Street, and shall be so vested in them upon the same trusts and subject to the same provisions as affect the advowson of Saint Olave Hart Street. APPENDIX. 405 As respects the disused Church and the Curate's Residence and the Patronage to be vested in the Grocers Company in substitution for the Patronage of the Benefice of Allhallows Staining, and as regards the Tithes of Allhallows : " That upon the union taking effect the site of the existing church of Allhallows Staining and of the curate's residence, be sold by the Commissioners to the Master, Wardens and Commonalty of Freemen of the Art or Mystery of Clothworkers in the City of London (herein called the Clothworkers Company) for a sum to be previously agreed upon and specified in the scheme, or for a sum to be afterwards determined by the surveyor for the time being of the Commissioners, the surveyor for the time being of the Grocers Company, and the surveyor for the time being of the Clothworkers Company (or in case such surveyors shall be unable to agree upon a sum, then for such a sum as shall be determined by an umpire to be appointed by them) ; The site of the church of Allhallows Staining and the site of the curate's residence adjoining the same and the yard and ground belonging to such residence, including the passage or entrance thereto from Mark Lane, and including the curate's house and the materials thereof, be sold by the Commissioners, and that the Commissioners shall convey to the Clothworkers Company in fee simple (but subject as hereinafter is mentioned) the heredita- ments to be so sold, and that in making such valuation regard shall be had to the obligations, subject to which the sale is hereinafter proposed to be made. " That the sale to be so made shall not include the materials of the Church of Allhallows Staining, or the font, communion table, plate, stained glass windows, organ, bells, clock, pulpit, or other fittings or furniture of the church, and that the Commissioners shall have power to sell the same (except the font, communion table, plate, stained glass windows, organ, bells, clock, and pulpit) and to cause the property sold to be pulled down and removed by the purchasers, or to remove without selling the same all or any of the property not included in the sale to the Clothworkers Company and capable of being removed, and that the sale to the Clothworkers Company be made subject to the following obligations on the part of the Clothworkers Company, their successors and assigns, viz. : — " First. An obligation to throw open and dedicate to the public use a sufficient portion of the site of the church under or adjacent to the east wall of the church to widen the foot pavement of Mark-lane, so that the line to form the west side of such foot pavement (to the extent of the frontage of the site of the church thereon) shall be a straight line drawn from the point at which the wall forming the north side of the church now meets the foot pavement of Mark-lane (at the extreme north-east point of such wall) to the point now forming the extreme north-east corner of the passage leading from Mark-lane to the curate's residence. " Secondly. An obligation not to pull down or remove the tower of the Church of Allhallows Staining, but at the expense of the Clothworkers Company, their successors or assigns, to maintain and keep such tower at all times in repair, as a memorial of the original dedication and use of the site of the church. 4o6 APPENDIX. " Thirdly. An obligation not to build or to allow any building to be erected on any part of the land forming the site of the Church of Allhallows Staining (other than the tower which is to be so maintained and kept in repair), except upon the portion fronting upon Mark-lane, which will lie between Mark-lane and a straight line connecting the two following points, namely, a point in the north side or boundary of the site distant twenty-nine feet from the northernmost point of the piece of land which is to be thrown into the foot pavement of Mark-lane as aforesaid, and a point in the south side or boundary of the site distant thirty-one feet from the southernmost point of the last-mentioned piece of land. " Fourthly. An obligation to fence in the churchyard of Allhallows Staining at the cost of the Clothworkers Company, their successors or assigns, with a substantial ornamental iron railing, and at the like cost to plant in an ornamental manner and preserve at all times in good order so planted the churchyard and the portion which is to remain unbuilt upon, as before is mentioned, of the site of the body of the church as an open space. " Fifthly. An obligation to pay to the Commissioners the costs and expenses of removing the bodies interred in the vault of the church of Allhallows Staining known as the rector's vault to a vault to be formed under some portion of such last mentioned intended open space, which bodies shall be so removed accordingly. And an obligation to provide, form, and build such vault at the cost of the Clothworkers Company, their successors or assigns, and that after such removal the vaults under the last-mentioned intended open space shall be finally closed, and shall not afterwards be disturbed. "Before the sale of the site of the church if it shall be known that any bodies are interred under such site the remains shall be decently removed and interred in the churchyard of Allhallows Staining or under some portion of the site (which is not to be built upon as aforesaid) of the church of AlUiallows Staining, such removal and interment to be made by the Commissioners at the cost of the Clothworkers Company. "That the proceeds of such sale or sales and the tithes of Allhallows be respectively applied and dealt with in such manner and- subject to such provisions as shall be respectively indicated and contained in an Act of Parliament, a Bill for which has been introduced into Parliament and is now in progress, called or intended to be called 'Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869,' (if that Act shall be passed), and that the several provisions to be contained in such Act be considered as part of the scheme. "We, the said Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England, certify to your Majesty in Council that the proposals for this scheme have been consented to by the Bishop, the Grocers Company, the Trustees of St. Olave Hart Street, and the Vestries of the parishes of Allhallows APPENDIX. 407 Staining, and St. Olave Hart Street, and that the same scheme is in pursuance of ' Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869,' and does not contain any alteration in or variation from the proposals set forth in the schedule to the said Act." And whereas the said scheme has been approved by Her Majesty in Council, now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her said Council, is pleased hereby to ratify the said scheme, and to order and direct that the union thereby contemplated shall take effect in the manner thereby provided. Arthur Helps. THE LONDON (CITY) TITHES ACT, 1864. SCHEDULE I. SAINT OLAVE, HART STREET. SCHEME FOR CHURCH ENDOWMENT. {_See p. 241.) At the Court at Windsor, the 22nd day of April, 1872. Present: The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. Where.as by an Act of the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth years of Her Majesty, chapter two hundred and sixty-eight, intituled " The London City Tithes Act, 1864," it is (amongst other things) provided that on the passing of the said Act, all tithes and payments instead of tithes arising or growing due to the Incumbents for the time being of the several parishes mentioned in the first schedule to that Act, under the Act of King Henry the Eighth and the Decree made in pursuance thereof, in the Act now in recital referred to, should, as from the twenty-fourth day of June then last, cease and be extinguished, and the said several Incumbents should, as from that day receive the respective annual fixed tithes in the first schedule specified, in lieu of, and by way of commutation for, all such tithes and payments as aforesaid, and the said parishes respectively should pay the same, and such annual fixed tithes should be raised as theremafter mentioned, and the terms and stipulations in the first schedule should be as binding as if the same were expressly enacted in the body of the Act now in recital ; and whereas the first schedule to the Act now in recital contains, among others, the following clause : III. Saint Olave, Hart Street. " There shall be paid to the present rector and to his successors, rectors for the time being respectively, the fixed tithe of two thousand six hundred pounds a year, of which the sum of six hundred pounds a year is to be applied for Church Endowment, when a scheme shall have been agreed on by the Trustees of the Advowson and the Incumbent, with the approval of the Bishop, and confirmed by an Order of Her Majesty in Council." " And whereas, by an Order of Her Majesty in Council, bearing date the thirty-first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventy, made under the authority of an Act of the twenty-third and twenty-fourth years of Her Majesty, chapter one hundred and forty-two, and of an Act of the thirty-second and thirty-third years of Her Majesty, being ' The Lady Slaney's (Trust) Estate Act, 1869,' the perpetual curacy of All Hallows Staining, in the City of London, 4o8 APPENDIX. and the said rectory of St. Olave, Hart Street, were united into one benefice under the style of the United Rectory of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, and by virtue of the same Order in Council, the Reverend Alfred Povah, who was then the incumbent of the said benefice of Saint Olave, Hart Street, became incumbent of such united benefice, and the sole patronage of such united benefice became vested in the trustees of the advowson of St. Olave, Hart Street, and such patronage was declared to be vested in them upon the same trusts, and subject to the same provisions as affected the advowson of Saint Olave, Hart Street : And whereas, by a scheme, bearing date the twentieth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, under the hands of Thomas Williamson, William Hughes, John Wright, William James Johnson, and Samuel Henry Rawley, trustees of the advowson of the said united rectory of Saint Olave Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, and the said Alfred Povah, the rector of the said united rectory, and the Lord Bishop of London, after reciting that in contemplation of the scheme thereinafter mentioned or referred to, it had been agreed between the said Thomas Williamson, William Hughes, John Wright, William James Johnson, and Samuel Henry Rawley, the trustees of the advowson of the said united rectory of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, and the said Alfred Povah, the rector of the said united rectory, with the approval and consent of the said Bishop of London, as follows, that was to say : 1. The Reverend Alfred Povah, rector of the united rectory of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, should from his own resources or by means of moneys under his own control, erect upon a site which had been provided for the purpose by the Bishop of London's Fund, situate and being in the parish of All Saints, Mile End New Town, in the County of Middlesex and diocese of London, and which site was intended to be conveyed at the expense of the fund to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, a church capable of accommodating not less than five hundred persons. 2. The said church should be erected according to designs and elevations to be approved of by the Bishop of London for the time being. 3. On the consecration of the said church, a district should be assigned thereto, comprising a population of not less than five thousand persons, nor exceeding six thousand persons. 4. The right of presentation to the said church for the first turn after the consecration thereof, should belong to the said Alfred Povah, his executors, administrators, and assigns, and the right of presentation to the same on every vacancy which should occur within ten years next after such consecration, should belong to the said Alfred Povah, provided he should so long continue to be rector of the said united rectory, and subject to the rights of patronage so secured to the said Alfred Povah, the patronage of the same church should be vested in and belong to the trustees for the time being of the advowson of the said united rectory of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, for ever. 5. The patronage should be declared accordingly by means of an agreement to be entered into by the Bishop of London, as ordinary and patron, and the Reverend William Clements, as incumbent of the new vicarage of All Saints, Mile End New Town aforesaid, but which APPENDIX. 409 name of William Clements was written by mistake for Alfred Povah. It is certified by the said Thomas Williamson, William Hughes, John Wright, William James Johnson, and Samuel Henry Rawley, trustees as aforesaid, and the said Alfred Povah, rector as aforesaid, that, in pursuance of the provision in that behalf of the said Act of the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth years of Her Majesty, they had agreed on, and it is certified by the said Lord Bishop of London that he approved of, the following scheme for the application of the annual sum of six hundred pounds, which, by "The London (City) Tithes Act, 1864," was to be applied for church endowment, Such scheme was as follows ; that is to say : — Such intended new church shall, upon the consecration thereof, be and become ipso facto endowed with the annual sum of six hundred pounds, part of the fixed tithe of two thousand six hundred pounds a-year, secured by "The London (City) Tithes Act, 1864," to the Rector of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and the same annual sum of six hundred pounds shall be a charge upon the said annual tithe of two thousand six hundred pounds, and shall be paid by the rector for the time being of the said rectory of Saint Olave, Hart Street, and All Hallows Staining, to the incumbent for the time being of the church which shall be so endowed with the same, by equal quarterly payments, on the four usual quarterly days for payment of rents in every year, the first of such quarterly payments to be made on the quarter day next following the consecration of the said church. And whereas the said scheme has been approved by Her Majesty in Council, now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her said Council, is pleased to confirm the said scheme. Arthur Helps. SCHEME OF THE CHARITY COMMISSIONERS REGULATING THE TRUST OF THE ADVOWSONS, 1879. County : Middlesex, City of London. Charities. — The Advowson, or Right of Presentation to the United Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining, and to the Church of St. Olave, Mile End New Town, in the County of Middlesex. {^See p. 240-1]. CHARITY COMMISSION. In the matter of the Charities called or known respectively as " The Advowson, or Right of Presentation to the United Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining, in the City of London," and of the Advowson, or Right of Presentation to the Church of St. Olave, Mile End New Town, in the County of Middlesex, and In the matter of "The Charitable Trusts Acts, 1853 to 1869." Whereas an application in writing was made to The Board of Charity Commissioners for England and Wales on the 14th day of January, 1878, in the matter of the above mentioned Charities, by Messrs. John Wright, of No. 50, Crutched Friars, in the City of London, GGG 410 APPENDIX. Licensed Victualler; Samuel Henry Rawley, of No. 2, Hart Street, in the said City of London, Tailor; William James Johnston, of No. 10, Hart Street aforesaid. Confectioner; and Wiliam Hughes, of Enfield, in the above-mentioned County of Middlesex, Gentleman who were then the Trustees of the said Charities. And whereas it is desirable that a Scheme should be established for the future regulation of the said Charities in manner hereinafter mentioned. And whereas notice of the intention of the said Board to make an Order for the foregoing object has been published by the affixing of the same according to the direction of the said Board, to or near principal outer doors of the Parish Churches of St. Olave Hart Street and St. Olave, Mile End New Town respectively, on the 20th day of February, 1879, and by advertisement in the "Times," newspaper, on the 22nd day of February, 1879, being in each case more than one calendar month previously to the date hereof. Now the said Board do hereby Order, that the Scheme set forth in the schedule hereto be approved and established as the Scheme for the future regulation of the said Charities. SCHEDULE. Scheme for the Management and Regulation of the above-mentioned Charities : — ■ 1. The Charities shall be administered and managed by the Trustees hereafter mentioned, subject to and in conformity with the provisions of this Scheme. 2. The Trustees of the Charities shall consist of nine competent persons, of full age, able and wiUing to discharge the duties of the Trust, being male resident inhabitants, or owners, or occupiers of property in the parish of St. Olave Hart Street, assessed to the parochial rates, and actually paying the rates at which they shall be assessed, and who, if personally entitled to a right of presentation to an ecclesiastical benefice, would be legally capable of exercising such right. 3. As soon as conveniently may be after the establishment of this Scheme, five competent persons, qualified as aforesaid, shall be elected as Trustees of the Charities in addition to Messrs. John Wright, of 50, Crutched Friars, in the City of London, Licensed Victualler ; Samuel Henry Rawley, of 2, Hart Street, in the said City of London, Tailor ; William James Johnston, of 10, Hart Street aforesaid. Confectioner; and William Hughes, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, the four present surviving and continuing Trustees of the said Charities. Such elections shall be made in the same manner as is prescribed in the next clause of this Scheme, with reference to the election from time to time of new Trustees of the Charities. 4. Any Trustee of the Charities who shall become bankrupt, or incapacitated to act, or shall compound with or make an assignment of his estate and effects for the benefit of his creditors, or shall cease to be a resident, inhabitant, or owner or occupier of property in the aforesaid parish of St. Olave Hart Street, or such a ratepayer as aforesaid, or who, if personally entitled to a right of presentation to an ecclesiastical benefice shall become legally incapable of APPENDIX. 411 exercising such right, shall immediately cease to be a Trustee, and the Trustees shall cause a record of the fact to be entered in their books, and thereupon, or upon the death or resignation of any Trustee a new Trustee, qualiiied as aforesaid, shall be elected as soon as conveniently may be, at a Vestry Meeting of the aforesaid parish of Saint Olave Hart Street, to be summoned and the proceedings and votes thereat to be conducted and taken in conformity with the ordinary rules of law applicable to vestry meetings of the same parish. Provided nevertheless, that until any vacancy or vacancies amongst the Trustees shall be filled up, the surviving and continuing Trustees for the time being shall have full power to acf for all purposes in the administration of the Charities. 5. The Trustees shall hold meetings in some convenient place within the aforesaid Parish of St. Olave Hart Street as often as may be found necessary for the management of the Charities, at times to be appointed by themselves. 6. At every meeting the senior Trustee present, according to the date or order of his appointment, shall be Chairman of the Trustees, and shall preside at such meeting. 7. Seven Trustees shall form a quorum at any meeting. 8. Any two Trustees rnay summon a special meeting, giving ten days' previous notice in writing to the other Trustees and specifying in such notice the object of such meeting. 9. All matters and questions shall be determined by the majority of the Trustees present at any meeting, and in case of equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote. 10. In case of the non-attendance of a sufficient number of Trustees to form a quorum at any meeting, or of the business at any meeting not being fully completed, the Trustees present may adjourn the meeting to a subsequent day, of which a notice in writing shall be given to each of the other Trustees. II. A minute book shall be provided by the Trustees, and kept in some convenient and secure place of deposit to be provided or appointed by them for that purpose, and minutes of the entry into office, or the election of every new Trustee, and of all proceedings of the Trustees, shall be entered in such minute book, and signed by the Chairman of the meeting at which the proceedings shall have taken place, either at the conclusion of the meeting or at a future meeting. 12. A copy of this Scheme shall be kept with the books and other documents belonging to the Charities, and every parishioner and other person interested in the Charities shall be at liberty to take copies of the Scheme, or any part thereof, upon making application for that purpose to the Trustees, at such reasonable times, and subject to such reasonable conditions as may be fixed and prescribed by them. 13. The Trustees may cause this Scheme to be printed at the expense of the Charities, and copies may be sold at such reasonable prices as the Trustees may put upon them. GGG 2 412 APPENDIX. 14. If any doubt or question shall arise amongst the Trustees, or any of them, as to the construction, or proper application of any of the provisions of this Scheme, or the manage- ment of the Charities, application may be made by them to the Charity Commissioners for England and Wales for their opinion and advice, which, when given, shall be conclusive upon all persons affected thereby. 15. This Scheme shall not in any respect prejudice or affect any rights of patronage or any privileges with respect to the aforesaid Charity, so called or known as " The Advowson or Right of Presentation to the Church of St. Olave, Mile End New Town, in the County of Middlesex " as aforesaid, which, under or by virtue of a certain Indenture dated the 6th day of April, 1875, and expressed to be made between the Right Honourable and Right Reverend John, then and now Lord Bishop of London, of the first part, the Reverend Wilham Clements of the second part, the Reverend Alfred Povah, then and now the Rector of the United Rectory of St. Olave Hart Street and Allhallows Staining in the aforesaid City of London, of the third part, and Thomas Williamson, William Hughes, John Wright, William James Johnston and Samuel Henry Rawley of the fourth part, are thereby secured to the said Alfred Povah. Sealed by Order of the Board this ist day of April, 1879. HENRY M. VANE, Secretary. APPENDIX. VI. 41: CHURCHWARDENS OF ST. OLAVE'S, 1850 to 1894. 1850-51. Charles James Heath and Robert Farrand. 1851-52. Edward White and William Ryland. 1852-53. William Ryland and Richard Corfield Bucknall, C.C. 1853-54. Richard Corfield Bucknall and Edmund Mills. 1854-55. Edmund Mills and Thomas Morgan, junior. 1855-56. Thomas Morgan, junior, and Joseph Rutland. 1856-57. Henry Johnson and Charles Barandon. 1857-58. Henry Johnson andHenry Augustus Bevan. 1858-59. Henry Johnson and Henry Augustus Bevan. 1859-60. Henry Augustus Bevan and Benjamin Nicholson. 1860-61. Fenwick Woodroof and Frederick Harris Smith. 1861-62. Frederick Harris Smith and Henry Gill. 1862-63. Henry Gill and John Leehead Bucknall. 1863-64. John Leehead Bucknall and Edward Chapman. 1864-65. Edward Chapman and William Hogg. 1865-66. Edward Chapman and William Hogg. 1866-67. Alexander Young and Robert Gardner. 1867-68. Robert Gardner and John Mackinlay. 1868-69. John Mackinlay and William Verry. 1869-70. John Mackinlay and William Verry. 1870-71. John Mackinlay and William Verry. 1871-72. Samuel Henry Rawley and Matthew Fuller Woodley. 1872-73. Matthew Fuller Woodley and William Ellis. 1873-74. William Verry and William Ellis. 1874-75. William Ellis and John Wright. 1875-76. John Wright and Charles Hay Stewart, C.C. 1876-77. Charles Hay Stewart and William Garment. 1877-78. William Garment and Leonard Wrightson. 1878-79. Leonard Wrightson and Henry Statham. 1879-80. Henry Statham and Plumer Alexander Buller. 1880-81. Plumer Alexander Buller and Charles Edward Smith, C.C. 1881-82. Charles Edward Smith and Charles Thomas Marzetti. 1882-83. Charles Thomas Marzetti and William James Johnston. 1883-84. William James Johnston and William Pound. 1884-85. William James Johnston and Charles Thomas Marzetti. 1885-86. Charles Thomas Marzetti and William John Verry.' 1886-87. William John Verry and Thomas Pallister Young, B.A., L.L.B. 1887-88. William John Verry and Thomas Pallister Young. 1888-89. Thomas Pallister Young and Robert Honey 1889-90. Thomas Pallister Young and Robert Honey. 1890-91. Thomas Pallister Young and Robert Honey. 1891-92. Thomas Pallister Young and Robert Honey. 1892-93. Robert Honey and Howard Young, L.L.B. 1893-94. Robert Honey and Harry J. Newman, M..\. 1894-95. Harry J. Newman and W. C. H. Hunt. ' Son of Wm. Verry, upper churchwarden, 1873-74. 414 APPEhWIX. CHURCHWARDENS OF ALLHALLOWS' STAINING, 1868 to 1894. 1868-69." F. R. H. Heawood and George Baker. 1869-70.' George Baker and Henry Hughes. 1870-71." George Baker and Henry Hughes. 1871-72. Henry Hughes and Thomas WiUiam Elliott. 1872-73. Henry Hughes and Thomas William Elliott. 1873-74. Thomas William Elliott and Thomas Kyffin Freeman. 1874-75. Thomas William Elliott and Thomas Kyffin Freeman. 1875-76. Thomas William Elliott and Thomas Kyffin Freeman. 1876-77. Thomas Kyffin Freeman and George Baker, junior. 1877-78. George Baker, junior, and Horatio David Davies. 1878-79. George Baker, junior, and Horatio David Davies. 1879-80.- Horatio David Davies and Thomas William Elliott. 1880-81. Horatio David Davies and Thomas William Elliott. 1882-83. Thomas William Elliott and William George Horncastle. 1883-84. Thomas William Elliott and William George Horncastle. 1884-85. Thomas William Elliott and Robert Frederick Sandon. 1885-86. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1886-87. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1887-88. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1888-89. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1889-90. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1890-91. Robert Frederick Sandon and Andrew Bowring. 1891-92.3 Andrew Bowring and Henry V. Clements. 1892-93. Andrew Bowring and Henry V. Clements- 1893-94. Henry V. Clements and Joseph Charles Dawson. 1881-82. Horatio David Davies and Thomas 1894-95. Henry V. Clements and Joseph Charles William Elliott. Dawson. ' In these years the Vestry appointed both the Churchwardens, the last Incumbent of the benefice having died in 1866. ^ Now Alderman of Bishopsgate Ward. ' Now Deputy-Alderman of Langbourn Ward. APPENDIX. 41; LECTURERS OF ST. OLAVE'S. 1 721. Mr. Wood was Lecturer; died in that year. 1754. Mr. Watkinson resigned. 1754, April 3. William Dodd elected per resig. Watkinson. 1767, Oct. 29. Bladen Downing elected. 1 77 1, March 27. Matthew Thomas per resig. Downing. 1794, June 12. Henry Lord per resig. Thomas. 1802, May 13. Thomas Mills per resig. Lord. 1806, March 26. Manley Wood per resig. Mills. 1836, April 21. Thomas Boyles Murray per resig. AVood. 1838, April 19. Thomas Boyles Murray resigned ; promoted to the Rectory of St. Dunstan-in-the-East. VESTRY CLERKS. 1722, March 26. 1750, Nov. 15. 1754, July 3- 1756, Nov. 10. 1772, April 20. 1775. July 5- 1798, March 8. 1804, April 5. 1846, Dec. 24. 1887, July 28. ST. OLAVE'S. Thomas Huett. Vestry Clerk till 1750. Stane Huett elected. Caesar Lord ,, John Morgan George Beardsell William Edwards W". Baker , W™. Baker W™. Heath Rob'. W". Parker vice Lord deceased. „ Morgan „ „ Beardsell ,, ,, Edwards ,, probably son of the preceding. „ Baker deceased. ,, Heath ,, 1820, May 25. 1868, July 30. 1880, April I. ALLHALLOWS' STAINING. John Clabon elected vice Watkins resigned. 'John Watney „ „ Clabon deceased. John Alexander Tilleard „ Watney resigned. ' Clerk lo the Mercers' Company. 4i6 APPENDIX. VII. On the walls of the Vestry, will be found some records of interest, inter alia : — I. Voluntary Contributions for the Defence of the Country. A 'N°. 1308. This is to certify that the Inhabitants of St. Olave's, Hart Street, by the Hands of John Brazier, Esq^, has (sic.) this day paid into the Bank of England the sum of six hundred and fifteen pounds, one shilling and — pence, which is placed to the Credit of the Commissioners of the Treasury, on account of the supplies granted by Parliament for the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight, pursuant to an Act of Parliament of the thirty eighth year of His present Majesty's Reign [George III]. Witness my hand this 13 Day of March 1798. ^615 IS. od. Signed, W. DUNN. II. AGREEMENT AS TO CHURCHYARD BOUNDARY. St. Olave, Hart Street. Churchyard Boundaries, &c. The Minutes of the Meetings of this Vestry on 29th January, and 9th April, 1863, shew that the wall on the Western side of the Churchyard with the iron railing thereon forms part of the Churchyard, and that the adjoining freeholders have no rights over the same. To avoid any question, at the suggestion of Mr. T. Pallister Young, B.A., L.L.B., Churchwarden 1886-92, Treasurer of the Church Restoration Fund, a stone has been inserted in the said wall with the following inscription : — (Ellis tDall tnitlj tljc railing tljereon stands tcitljin tijc bounbary of tlje (ri)urcl)var& o[ Saint ©lace, ^art Street. The Minutes also shew that the adjoining Owners are under obligations not to erect any building above the basement story extending further Eastward than the line set forth in the said Minutes. It also thereby appears that the ground floor windows of the buildings on the South side of the Churchyard shall always be so fixed as not to be opened, and fluted or ground glass is required in certain windows therein specified. Signed, A. POVAH, D.D., Rector. ROBERT HONEY, 1 Michaelmas, 1892. HOWARD YOUNG, L.L.B. j Churchwardens. APPENDIX. 417 VIII. CLERGY, CHURCHWARDENS, &c., OF THE UNITED PARISHES OF ST. OLAVE, HART STREET AND ALLH ALLOWS STAINING. A.D. 1894. Rev. Alfred Povah, D.D., Rector, and Rural Dean of the East City. Rev. Henry Marshall Barron, B.A., Curate. Mr. Harry J. Newman, M.A., Churchwarden ) Mr. W. C. H. Hunt „ [ ^'- ^'^^^^' '^^'^ ^"^2^^- Mr. H. V. Clements „ ) Mr. Joseph C. Dawson „ } ^Hhallows Staining. Overseers : Mr. W. J. Johnston, C.C. and Mr. J. N. Bishop. St. Olave, Hart Street. Mr. Henry Hopking and Mr. Wall. Allhallows Staining. Synodsmen: Mr. E. R. Thompson and Mr. H. H. W. Sparham, M.A. St. Olave, Hart Street. Guardians : Mr. W. J. Johnston, C.C, St. Olave, Hart Street, and Mr. H. V. Clements, Allhallows Staining. Vestry Clerks: Mr. R. W. Parker, St. Olave, Hart Street, and Mr. J. A. Tilleard, Allhallows Staining. Parish Clerk of the united parishes : Mr. E. G. Abrahams. Organist „ „ „ Mr. T. Collier Grounds. Sextoness „ „ „ Mrs. Wyatt. Beadles : (St. Olave) Mr. A. Crutchley. (Allhallows) Mr. J. Abrahams. TRUSTEES OF THE ADVOWSON OF THE UNITED PARISHES OF ST. OLAVE, HART STREET, ALLHALLOWS STAINING, AND OF THE ADVOWSON OF ST. OLAVE, MILE END NEW TOWN, E. Messrs. William James Johnston, C.C, Matthew Fuller Woodley, Leonard Wrightson, William John Verry, Charles Edward Smith, C.C, Charles Thomas Marzetti, James Innes, J.P., Thomas Pallister Young, B.A., L.L.B., and Robert Honey. With the exception of Mr. James Innes, all the above-mentioned Trustees served the ofiSce of churchwarden in St. Olave's parish. HHH 41 8 APPENDIX. IX. HOURS OF DIVINE SERVICE IN ST. OLAVE'S CHURCH, HART STREET. Sundays, ii a.m. and 6.30 p.m. Also on the 2nd and 4th Sundays in the month, at 8.0 a.m. Thursdays, i p.m., Lecture. Saints' Days, i p.m.. Prayers. On the first Sunday in every month. Children's Service and an Address at 3.15 p.m. Special Services in Advent and I>ent, and on other occasions, of which notice is given. The Holy Communion is celebrated on the First, Third and Fifth Sundays of the month, and on Great Festivals, at noon ; and on the Second and Fourth Sundays at 8 a.m. The Sacrament of Baptism is administered on Sundays ; on other days, if necessary. In 1893 there were fifteen Baptisms; in the same year twenty candidates were presented for Confirmation. The Service for the Churching of Women is on Sundays and Thursdays. The Burial Office. — The first part of the Office may be said in the Parish Church if the friends of a deceased parishioner so desire. The Cemetery for the City of London is at Ilford. All the seats in the Parish Church are free. Sunday School at 3 p.m. Superintendent, Mr. Quinby, Master of the Aldgate Ward Boys' School. A Bible Class for Young Men is held in the Vestry on Sundays at 3.15 p.m., during the winter. There is a meeting of the Communicants' Union in the Vestry on the last Wednesday in every month, at 8 p.m. INDEX, The number indicates page in book. St. O.H.S.=St. Olave's Hart Street. Mar. Reg.=Marriage Register. A.H.S.=AIlhalIows' Staining. Bur. Reg.=Burial Register. Bap. Reg.=Baptismal Register. App.=Appendix. ft. note=foot note. A Abbey of Grace, The. Abbatia Beata; Marite de Gratiis, also styled Eastminster Abbey, sketch of its history, 351 ; benefice of A.H.S. appropriated to, in 1367, 348; rectorial value of A.H.S. to, in 1539, 354. Abbey surrendered, 1539; pulled down, Navy Victualling Office erected on the site, ft. note, p. 354. Adams, Sir Thomas. Bur. Reg. A.H.S., 346. Advowson of St. O.H.S., history of, 239-241 ; A.H.S., history of, 320-323; the united parishes, and of the church of St. Olave, Mile End, New Town, App., 409. Alban's (St.), Wood Street, 15-16. Aldgate Ward, Its boundaries, meaning of Aldgate, Alegate, 8. AUhallows, Barking. Collection at St. O.H.S. for repairing the steeple of, 220. Allhallows, Bromley -by- Bow, E., building fund supplied by A.H.S., 323. Allhallows-the-Less, Upper Thames Street, 183. Allhallows Staining (A.H.S.). Alhalowen, 358. All Saints, 315. The three remaining City churches dedicated to All- hallows — A. H. Barking, A. H. Lombard Street, and A.H. London Wall, 316; meaning of Staining, 316 ; A.H.S. mentioned in a Will of 1281, 316 ; church rebuilt in 1674, 317 and 320; the church walls had fallen in 167 1, 318-320 ; sites of the church and parsonage sold to the Clothworkers' Company, 324 and App., 405; ancient monuments, no longer existing, formerly in the church of A.H.S., 325-327; benefice of A.H.S. "appropriated" in 1367 to the Abbey of Grace, Little Tower Hill, 348 ; rectors of A.H.S., 350; parsons o*> 353 ; perpetual curates of, 354 ; value of the benefice in 1522 (less rectorial tithe paid to Abbey of Grace, p. 354), 353 ; total value in 1548, 353 ; value in 1865, 323 ; the last service held in the church of A.H.S., 356. Altars in St. O.H.S. before the Reformation, 54; in A.H.S. (1515), 358; high altar rebuilt (1553-4) I Mary, 367. Amherst, Robert. Bap. Reg., 159. Amhurst, John. Bur. Reg. Margaret, John, John, three children of, and Margaret, wife of, 189. Ancilla, meaning of, ft. note, p. 163. Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester "Dr. Andrewes," 150. Angell, Rebecca. Bur. Reg., 180. Anthony, St. (Stepney), Church of, building fund supplied by A. H. S. , 323. Antiquities Discovered in pari.sh of St. O.H.S., since 1859, 10-12; stone coffin found in Ironmongers' courtyard (i860) A.H.S., 310. "Appropriation," The, Of benefices to monasteries ; two Acts of Parlia- ment on this subject, 352, cf. ft. note 3, p. 322. Arrow, Sir Frederick. Ft. note, p. 280,. .281. Arrowsmith, Edward, Rector St. O.H.S., 1720-1760, 32, 251. Arundell, Lord John, Baron of Trerise, Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344. Ash, William. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 338. Ashburnham, Sir Denny, ■ Victualler of the Navy, 157. Atkins, Lady Annabella. Mar. Reg. 166, Pedigree sketch, App. 378. Assessment. St. O.H.S. in 1647, 233; rateable value of property in 1864 and in 1866, 248; A.H.S. in 1575, 370. Ayliffe, John. Mar. Reg., 166. B Babalius, Matthffius, formerly monument to, St. O.H.S., 65; Bur. Reg. 173- Bachelor, eleven varieties in spelling, 170. HHH 2 420 INDEX. Bacon, Anthony. Bur. Reg., 1 80. B. (J. H. B.), common crier and sergeant-at-arms. Ledger stone, 124. Baker, Sir Henry. Bur. Reg. 182. Bap. of son, Richard, 152. Banninge, Nicholas. Mar. Reg. 164. Baptismal Registers, their origin in Spain in 1497, 138. App. 376. Bap. Reg. St. O.H.S. (1563), 142-3. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 1710-1794, posted by Rev. John Rose, his notes, &c., 334-336. A tax on bap- tisms, 336, cf. ft. note 2 on p. 337. Baptistery Screen, given by Mr. Henry Johnson in 1862, 40. Barber, Rev. Joseph Hutchinson, stained glass window, St. O.H.S. to the memory of, 112. Barcroft, Humfrey, patron and parson, A.H.S., 355; purchased donative advowson from Bingley and Blake,32l. Barcroft, Hugh, patron A.H.S. (1620-1662), his idea of a donative, 321, 322. Barker, Joseph, inscrip. in churchyard A.H.S., 329. Benefac- tion, App., 390. Baro, Baron, or Barron, Dr. Lady Margaret Professor at Cambridge (1596). Bur. Reg. 179. One of the leaders of the Arminian school of divines in the Church of England, 296. Bartholomew Fair, not held in 1593 on account of the plague, 196. Barton, Rebecca. Benefaction. App., 385. Batten, Sir William, Navy Commissioner, 190, 210. Bassano, Augustine. Bur. Reg. 180. Battlements of St. Olave's church removed, 32. Bayning, Paul and Andrew, monument to, St. O.H.S., 90. Bur. Reg. Andrew, 181. Paul, 183. Bap. Reg. John, 147. Paul, afterwards Viscount Sudbury, 148. Cecilia, 152. Paul, 153. Susanna, 154. Penelope, 155. Bur. Reg. Elizabeth, 175. Henry, 183. Sir Paul Bayning (Viscount Sudbury), 184. .Susanna, 184. Extracts from the Wills of the 1st and 2nd Viscounts Sudbury, 238. Bayning Pedigree sketch, App. 377. Benefaction (Sudbury), App. 383. Beach, Sir Richard, of the Navy Office, presented in 1692 a flagon to St. O.H.S., 44. Beare, John, ledger stone, 122. Beck, R. C. Adams, clerk to the Ironmongers' Company, ft. note, p. 310. Beckingham, Thomas, formerly monument (St. O.H.S.) to, 65. Bells, a peal of six, St. O.H.S., 45. 202 (July 30). Vestry orders relating to, 227. Benam (Baynham), Mary, benefaction tablet, 137; Bur. Reg., 174; the Baynham charity, 237 ; App. 384 and 387. Bestney, Katherine, a brass to, in St. O.H.S., was formerly in Lambe's Chapel, 332. " Bewitched," specified as cause of death, 175. Bewley, Mary, monument to, from A.H.S., 130,.. 187. Bewley, Thomas. Bur. Reg. A.H.S., 346. Benefaction, App., 388. Bibles, Books of Common Prayer, prices of, in l6th century, 363, 364. Billingsleye, Bur. Reg. William, 179 ; Thomas, 185. Billiter Square, notable former residents of, 313. Billiter Street (formerly called Billiter Lane) conjectural derivation of name, 312. Maitland's descrip- tion of Billiter Lane in 1756, 313. Bingham, Sir Richard, Mar. Reg., 164. Bingley and Blake. Grant of donative, A.H.S., by James I to, 321 and 349. Black Cloth, if church be hung with, who becomes owner of the black cloth ? 230. Blaunchapelton, at N.E. corner of Mark I,ane, 317, 369, 370. Blunt, Sir Thomas Pope. Mar. Reg., 169. Bap. of children of, viz., Henry and Ann, 158. Bodfield, Lady Elizabeth. Bur. Reg. 189. Bonifatio facio, apparently was an Italian resident in A.H.S. , 147 and 370. Booth, Dorothy. Bap. Reg., 159. Bosard, John, rector St. O.H.S., 1398-1404, 249,252. Bequests to the church 54, 55. Boulter, Elizabeth, widow of Archbishop Boulter. Bur. Reg., 193. Bowyer, Sir Henry. Mar. Reg. 165; bap. of son, William, 152. Bradley, Ralph, monument to, 119. Brasses, in St. O.H.S. to. Sir R. Iladdon, 66. John and Ellyne Orgone, 69. George Schrader, 72. Sir Andrew Riccard, 73. Thomas Morley, 74. Henry Weldon, 332. Katherine Bestney, 332. Brass Tablet, commemorating union of the parishes of St. O.H.S. and A.H.S., 127. Bridewell, originally a palace, later a house of correction, short account of, 150. INDEX. 421 Briefs (Royal), ordering church collections for various objects. Brief for re-buikling the Theatre Royal, London, 218. Pepys thought " Brief" collec- tions too frequently made, 219. Brief in 1680 for re-building St. Paul's Cathedral, 222-3. Briefs at A.H.S., 371 Brookes (Brooks), Sir Robert. Mar. Reg. 169. Sponsor at bap. of D. Mills, 157. Presented Mills, rector, St. O.H.S., to Wanstead rectory, 255. Brouncker, Ixird, joint Comptroller of the Navy with Sir W. Penn. Pepys and Lord Brouncker, 201, 206, 208, 213, 214. First President of the Royal Society, 235- Bristowe, Rev. Buncombe, Incumbent A. H.S. 1728- 1754, 342. ..355. Buck, Sir William, bap. of three of his children, viz., Mary, Eliza- beth and Frances, 158. Buckewoode, Edward. Mar. Reg. 163. Buckworth, Mary. Bap. Reg. 156. Bunhill Fields, burial ground, 191. Burnell, Thomas, formerly monument to (St. O.H.S.), 64. Burnett, Dr., of Fenchurch Street, Pepys's physician, 199, 201. 204, 207. Buss, Rev. Alfred J. , curate of St. O.H.S. 1857-60, ft. note p. 260. Button, Jonathan, son of Ralph Button, Public Orator, Oxford, 1648-1660. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 340. Byrche, Robert, formerly monument to (St. O.H.S.), 64. Caesar, Lady Elizabeth, 191, cf., 169. Calais, the sole Staple town after Henry VI's reign, 145. Cappone, Peter, monument to, St. O.H.S., 92. Captives, The redemption of. In 1680 a collection, £(>^ zs. id., made for, 222. Carteret, Lady, gave Pepys "a bottle of plague water," 201; letter from Pepys, 4th Sept., 1666, to Lady Carteret describing state of London, 206. Carlton, Frances. Bur. Reg., 184. Carter, John. Bap. Reg., 156, ft. note 5, p. 250. Caswall, Anne, monument to, St. O.H.S., 134. Cave, Lisle. Mar. Reg., 163. Cely, Richard, formerly monument to, St. O.H.S., 64; patron St. O.H.S., 239, 240. Cely, Richard (Junr.), will of, 22. Census, of St. O.H.S. and A.H.S. in 1552, 10; 1801 to 1891, tabular statement of, App.,375; business population of St. Olave's parish, 1891, 10. Chantries, formerly in St. O.H.S., 56, 57; in St. Paul's Cathedral, (1547), ft. note 6, p. 56 ; copies of Chantry certificates, St. O.H.S., 58; Chantry certificate relating to A.H.S. (1548), 353. Chaplin, John, of Tathwell, Lincolnshire. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344- Charlton, Emme, monument to, from A.H.S., 128. Cheney, Richard. Benefaction, App. 384. Cherry, Sir Francis, 164, 165. Chitty, Ann, ledger stone, 123. Chrysom, (Cresom). A "chrysom child," 77; first entry of a burial of a, 173. Church Collections, St. O.H.S., 216. Church Goods, belonging to St. O.H.S., in 1552, 59-61. For A.H.S., See Chapter XXIII. Churchwardens' Books, of A.H.S., the six oldest described, 357-358, 368-371. Churchwarden, the first named in St, O.H.S. Register, 173; pleading to be exempt from serving as, fines for refusing to serve, 228, 229. Fines amount- ing to ;£^I25, used in 1751 for church repairs, 32. cf. "Parish Estate," App., 385. List of churchwardens St. O.H.S., 413, A.H.S., 414. Churchyard Gate, The, in Seething Lane, alluded to by Dickens, 50, 51. Churchyard, The New, consecrated in 1680, 52, no inscriptions in, 125. Churchyard, The Old (St. O.H.S.). Pepys's allusions to (Jan. 30), 213, ..214. Vestry regulations regarding, 225, 226, App. 416 ; churchyard of A.H.S., 329. Churchyard Inscriptions. St. O.H.S., 126, 127. A.H.S., 329-331. Chute, Margaret. Bur. Reg. A.H.S., 346. City and Guilds of London Institute, The, subsidies to, by Clothworkers' Company, 304 ; by Ironmongers', 310. City of London, The. Parochial Charities Act, 1883. How this affected St. O.H.S and A.H.S., App. 390-392. Tithes Act, 1864, 393-400. Clabon, Mary Ann and John, inscrip. A.H.S. churchyard, 329. Clarenceux King of Arras (John), formerly monument to, St. O. H. S. , 63. Clock, The. St. O.H.S., from St. Olave's Jewry, 18 Vestry order, 227. )i, 46. 422 INDEX. Claymond, Olyver, Churchwarden A.H.S. (1535) his bequests, 328. Inventory of church goods (153S), 365. Bene- faction, App., 387. Clothworkers' Company, The, their Hall in Mincing Lane, 299-301. King James I made a member of the Company, 302. Origin of the Clothworkers' Corporation, 302, 303. Subsidies to Yorkshire College and other Institutions, 304 ; purchase of sites of church and parsonage of A.H.S. by the Company, 324; conditions of sale, App., 405, 406. Communion Plate, The, of St. O.H.S. described, 44, 45. Cordell, Sir John. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344. Corn Exchanges, The, in Mark Lane, 297. "Corpus Christi," a service book for festival of, given St. O.H.S. (1459). 55, 56; the festival of, at A.H.S., 362, 363- Costermonger, derivation of, ft. note, p. 174. Costyn (Costin), John, formerly monument to, in A.H.S., 325 ; his will, 327 ; Benefaction, App. , 386. Crutched Friars' Monastery, The, founding of, in St. O.H.S., 288; agreement made in 1319, between Prior of, and Rector St. O.H.S., 252 ; attempted secession by some Friars of, in 1359, the King's aid invoked, 288, 289 ; the monastery in high favour at beginning of l6th century, 289, 290 ; the guilds of St. Katherine and of the Most Holy Blood, 290, 291 ; the monastery surrendered in '53^1 291 ; Stow's description of the site in 1598, 291. Crutched Friars, why this street is so named, 5 ; former dis- tinguished residents of, 296, 297 ; an antique London house in, 297. Crypt, The, near the tower in A.H.S. ch. yard, 331. D Dacres, Edward. Mar. Reg., 166. Pedigree sketch, App., 378. Dane, Margaret. Benefaction, App., 384, 388. Davison, Monkhouse and Jacob, monument to, from A.H.S., 134. Davy, Henry, ledger stone, 124. Deane, Sir Anthony. Short account of, 157; Bap. of children of. Christian, 157; Essix, 158; Bur. of Lady Ann Deane, wife of, 192 ; of Mary and Anthony, children of, 192 ; Sir Anthony's contribution towards the rebuilding of St. Paul's Cathedral, 223. Deane, Sir James, monument to, 75 ; Bur. of a " cresom " child of, 179; Bur. Reg., 181 ; biographical sketch of, 265-267 ; Benefaction, App., 384. Deane, Sir James Parker, Vicar-General of the Province of Canterbury, 78. Deaveraux (Devereux). Bap. Reg., Robert (afterwards 2nd Earl of Essex) 148; Walter, 151 ; Henry, 152. Debuke, Thomas, monument to, 94. De, omitted from names of French origin, entry 1568, Sept. 8 ; p. 146. Deleau, John. Mar. Reg., 169. Dodd, Rev. William, Afternoon Lecturer at St. O.H.S., 1754; his popularity, 227, 228. Domesday Survey (1086), The, description of its purport ; no Ix)ndon church mentioned in, 13, 14. " Donative " Benefice, A. A.H.S. made a donative, 321; donative priv- ileges, 349 ; Hugh Barcoft's application of these to A.H.S., 321, 322. Dorrien, John. Benefaction, App., 389. Ducke, Thomas. Mar. Reg., 169. Duke's Place, origin of name, 179. E Eastminster Abbey, also known as the Abbey of Grace, 351. Elsenhaimer, Christopher James, monument to, 95 ; Bur. Reg., 183 ; Elizabeth, The Princess, afterwards Queen Elizabeth, attended divine service at A.H.S. in May 1554, 305, and ft. note p. 306. Essex, Earl of, see Bap. Reg. 148, Robert Devereux. " Eothen," extract from, ' Cairo and the Plague,' 214, 215. Evans, David, churchyard inscrip., 126. Evans, Richard. Benefaction, App., 385. Evelyn, John, extracts from Diary of, plague in London, 197 ; in Deptford, 198; his criticism of his father- in-laws "good and charitable gift" to the Trinity H. Corporation (May 25), 285 ; din- ner at Ironmongers' Hall, mode of electing Stewards, 310. Fairborn, Frances, ledger stone, 125; Bur. Reg., 192. Fanshawe. Bap. Reg. Thomas, 153. Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, 153-4. Sir Richard Fanshawe, Viscount Fanshawe, 154. Mar. Reg. William, Katherine, 166. Pedigree sketch, App., 381. Farewell, Alice, monument to, from A.H.S., 130. INDEX. 423 Fenchurch Street, origin of name, 305. Henry Vlllth's Head Tavern in, 306; visit of Princess Elizabeth ('554). 306- The Elephant Tavern in, Hogarth's paintings, 311, 312. Called the Heye Street (1575), 370- Fielding, Basil. Bur. Reg., 190. Fines for refusing to serve as churchwarden, 32, 228, 229, App., 385; for burying in linen (1695, June 14th), 347. Fires of London, in 1087 and 1136, 15; in September, 1666, the number of churches burnt, ft. note, p. 245. Seething Lane district, 273. Trinity House, Water Lane, 282. Clothworkers' Hall, 301. Fitzhugh, Robert. Bap. Reg., 159. Fleetwood, George. Mar. Reg., 163. Fleet, William. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 342. Fraternity or Guild, of (i) St. Katherine, (2) the Most Holy Blood, connected with the church of Crutched Friars' Monastery, 290, 291 ; of " Wolwyrchers " St. O.H.S., 55 ; of S.S. Katherine and George A.H.S., 354, 361, 362, 365; of Our Lady (B.V.M.), 354, 361, 362. Fogg, Dr. Daniel, Incumbent A.H.S. (1688-1728), 355; monu- ment to, from A.H.S. , 132. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344. Bur. Reg., 347. Font, The, St. O.ILS., presented in 1862 by Mr. T. Bond, 40. Ford, Sir Richard, Lord Mayor 1670, 191. Foundlings and children chargeable to the parish, 234. pledges given to parish at baptisms, 151. Fowler, Lady Ann, 186. Fox, Dorothy. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 339. French Protestant Church, A, established in London (Edw. VI), 146. French Protestants, in i685 collection at St. O.H.S. ;^205 \os. <)d. made for, 222. Frithe, William, monument to, from A.H.S., 129. Frith, William. Bap Reg. A.H.S., 340. Frost, Rev. John, Rector St. O.H.S., 1655-1657, 251. Bur. Reg., 189. Sermons by, 254. Fuller, Thomas, Historian, residence in Sion College, ft. note p. 254. Funeral charges, examples of, 187, 238, 267, 308. Gayer, Sir John. "The lion sermon," ft. note, p. 233, Geare, John. Mar. Reg., 1 68. Gibbons, Dr. Richard. Bur. Reg., 189. Glass-making set up in London (Crutched Friars) by Italians, about 1560, 146. Glover, Sir Thomas. Bur, Reg., 184. Goode, Hephzibah. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 340. Goode, Rev. John, Incumbent, A.H.S., 1656-1662, 355. Gore, Elizabeth, monument to, 118. Bur. Reg., 193. Ann Gore, Bap. Reg., 159. Dorithy Gore, Mar. Reg., 170. William Gore elected (1708) member of Vestry St. O.H.S., 224. Grenside, John, monument to, 116. Grocers' Company, The, purchased advowson of A.H.S., 322. Three churches built and endowed by A.H.S. funds, and placed in the patronage of the Company, 323, 324 ; outlay of the Company from its corporate funds for these churches, 324. Gylman, Henry. Mar. Reg., 162. H Haddart, Joseph. Bap. Reg., 158. Haddon, Sir Richard, the Haddon Chantry St. O.H.S., 57. Brass to, 66-68; pedigree sketch, App., 379, 380. Hadley, James, Parish Clerk St. O.H.S.; gift of alms dish to parish in 1694, 45; conversation with S. Pepys, 205 ; contribution to rebuilding fund of St. Paul's Cathedral (1680), 223. Hale, Rev. Thomas, Rector St. O.H.S., 1583-1590, 250. Mar. Reg., 163, cf. Bur. Reg., 1593, Sept. 22, 178. Hall, Nathaniel. Bap. Reg., 147. Hall, Rev. Timothy. Incumbent A.H.S., 1677-1688. Bishop of Oxford, 1688-1690, 341 ; caused the declaration of K. James II (1688) to be read in A. H. S., 355. Handson, Ralph. Benefaction, App., 388. Hardyman, Lucius F., Rear-Admiral , monument to, 117; also mon. to Lieut. Lucius Hardyman, 117. Harlow, Mary. Bap. Reg., 160. Harris, Sir Arthur. Mar. Reg., 165. Harrison. Bap. Reg., Ann, 153; Margaret, 154. Bur. Reg., Ann, 187. Harrison, Mary. Bur. Reg. A.H.S., 345. Benefaction App., 388. Hart Street, alluded to in 1352, 3; widening of, in 1811, 231. Hartopp, Dorothy. Bap. Reg., 158. Hayes, James. Benefaction, App. 389. 424 INDEX. Hayne, Rev. Abraham, Rector St. O.H.S. (1633), 250; presented by Lord Windsor, 240; ejected from benefice during the Civil War, ft. note, p. 250 ; buried (1650) St. O.H.S., i88. Cf. entries, "1638, Oct. 18," 15s ; " 1659, Dec. 14," 189. Hatchment in Baptistery. St. O.H.S., described, 113. Heath, John. Mar. Reg., 169. Heath, Jacob. Mar. Reg., 169. Heathcote. Bap.Reg., Gilbert, 160; Henrietta and Maria, 161. Heimskringla, The, or the Sagas of the Norse Kings. Olaf 's twenty battles, ft. note 2, p. 21. Heraldic Window in St. O.H.S., description of, 108. Hewer, William, Servant to S. Pepys, 202, 208 ; later, partner ; Pepys died in the house of, 274. Master of the Clothworkers' Company in 1682, 301. Highlord, John, inscrip. on marble slab, 112. Bur. Reg., 183. Benefaction, App., 384. Bap. Reg., Sara, Nathaniel, Zacharias, and Abigail, 147. Mar. Reg., Barbara, Judeth, 164. Bur. Reg., Barbara, 179; Isabel, 182; Zacharie, 184; Susan and John, 187. Hock Monday, meaning of, 364, 365. Hogarth, William, paintings formerly on the walls of the Elephant Tavern, Fenchurch Street, attributed to, 3ii> 312. Holford, Lady Elizabeth. Benefaction, App., 389. Holland, Rev. William, Incumbent A. H.S., 1662-1677, 355; monument to, from A.H.S., 131 ; energy of, in re- building A.H.S. church, 1674, 320; posting Bap. Reg., 1642-1652, from P. Clerk's journal, 339. Memo, in Mar. Reg. by, 343. Bur. Reg. A.H.S., 346. Hope, Lady Anne. Benefaction, App., 385. Hore, Charles. Mar. Reg., 169. Hull, Alice, formerly monument to, 65. Bur. Reg., 184. Walter Hull's benefaction, 236, 261, App., 383- Humberstone, Jane, monument to, 85. Hunt, Sir Thomas. Mar. Reg., 164. Hynelond, William, Priest. Bequest for lights in St. O.H.S. (1372), 55; patron of A.H.S. (1366), 321. Ingram, Hugh, monument to, from A.H.S., 133. Inventories of Church goods. St. O.H.S. (1552), 58-61. A.H.S. (153s), 358, 36s; (iS55)> 370; (1585). 357; (1609), 371- Ireton, Alderman John, officiating at Weddings (Commonwealth period), 168, 342. Irish Protestants. Collection in 1689(^86 14J. io^.)at St. O.H.S., made for, 222. Ironmongers' Company, The. Origin of, 306. Liber Horn MS., 306. "Book of Orders for the Corapanie," 307. Hall of, in Fenchurch Street, 308. Portraits of notable former members of, 309. Income and Trust property of the Company, 309, 310 ; subsidies for promoting technical education, 310 ; use of Ironmongers' Hall for divine service to parishioners of A.H.S. in 1673, 308. The Ironmongers' Mass (1509), 365; gift of, to the poor of A.H.S (1566), 369. J Jackson, Richard, monument to, iii. Jacob, Anne. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 338. January 30th, ordered in 1661 that Jan. 30 be in future observed as a day of solemn humiliation, 221, see ft. note same page. Jianson, Nathaniel. Bap. Reg, 155, Johnson, John, Rector St. O.H.S., 1530-1557, extract from his will, 253. Jones, Edward Henry, Upper churchwarden St. O.H.S., 1826, Window to the memory of, 113. Jones, Edward Kendall, monument to, 114. K Kennett, Dr. White. Bp. of Peterboro'; Instructions to the Clergy of Peterboro' diocese concerning Parish Registers, by, 141 ; resident in Crutched Friars (171 1), 296. Kent, Charles A., Secretary to the Trin. House Corporation, ft. note p. 280,. .281. Kerby, Jefferie, monument to, 84; Bur. Reg., 185; Margaret Kerby, 187, was probably widow of Jefferie Kerby, see mon., p. 84. Keys, The, of the chests containing parish plate or deeds, should the rector or the churchwarden have these keys ? 229. Knightley, Sir Robert, Trustee of advowson St. O.H.S., 240; subsidy man (1679) 235 ; conversation with S. Pepys, 214 ; contribution to rebuilding fund of St. Paul's Cathedral, 223; Bur. Reg., 193; Son of, Bur. Reg. William, 192; Wife of, Lady Mary, 192. Knightley, Robert and William. Bap. Reg. Robert, 158, William, 159; pre- sumably, grandsons of Sir Robert Knightley. INDEX. 42 s Knolls [KnoUys], Sir Robert. Mar. Reg., 166. Jone, daughter of, Bap. Reg., 153. Bur. Reg., 183. KnoUys, Sir Francis, (died in 1596), witness at baptism of Robert Devereux, 148,. .149; pedigree sketch, App., 381. L Labour and Building materials, prices of, in 1493, 364. Laing, Rev. David, Rector St. O.H.S., 1857-1860, 251 ; monument to, 109 ; outlines of his career, 258-261. Lambe, William. Lambe's Conduit, Holborn, 1577,151. Lambe's Chapel, Monkwell Street, ft. note, p. 301,. .331. Master of the Clothworkers' Company, 1569, 301. Crypt, A.H.S. formed of materials from Lambe's Chapel, 331. Lambert, Sir Daniel. Benefaction, App., 385. Langbourn Ward, derivation of name, 8; description of Ward, 9. Lecturers. St. O.H.S. list of, App., 415, cf. 227-8. Lee, H. W., Registrar of Bp. of London's Registry, ft. note 2, p. 251. Lee, Sir Thomas. Mar. Reg. A. H. S. , 345. LethieuUier, Sir John, 223; Anne, 340; William, 159; Ann, 169; William, 342; Pedigree sketch, App., 382. Letts, Rev. John, Rector St. O.H.S. 1838-1857, 251 ; monument to, 115; began the restoration of St. Olave's Church (1853) 258, cf. 33. Letts, John, monument to, 120. Levies of men for the Navy in 1795, 1796, 230-231. Londonderry, Earl of. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 343. London & Blackwall Railway, The, has greatly changed the appearance of St. Olave's parish, 298. London (City) Churches, the number of, on 1st September, 1666 ; how many in 1894, ft. note p. 245. Lowell, The Hon. J. Russell, address by, in St. Olave's Church, on Pepys and his Diary, 105-107. Lovell, Thomas. Bur. Reg, 177. Lowen, Dr. John. Bur. Reg., 192, Benefaction, App., 383. Lucy, Sir Berkley. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344. Lumley, Lord, his house on Tower Hill, 175,.. 181 ; Lady Lumley, 183... 2. 6. 9. Lynn, Susan, monument to, 78. M Machyn, Henry, extracts from Diary of, St. Olave's Day in London (1557), ft. note p. 21 ; Dogs supposed to spread pi. infection, 195. Mark Lane, mentioned in 1277, 3; in 1311, 4; described in 1720, by Strype, 295 ; No. 7, Mark Lane, "Parish Estate " A. U.S., App., 389. Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice. Deane's journal as evidence, opinion of, 335. Marriages. Act of Parliament, 1653. Registrars of, 167. Statute of 1695, taxing marriages, 336. Mary (St.) le Bow, church mentioned in 1091, 15. Marston Moor, battle of, thanksgiving collection (;^50 3^-. ) St. O.H.S., 219. Matterhouse, John. Mar. Reg., 163. Maynard, Lady Mary, 190. Meade, Bathsheba. Bap. Reg., 160. Mellish, Joseph. Mar. Reg., 170. Mennes [Minns], Sir John, monument to, 81. "1667, Nov. 21," 157. "1664, April 24th,'' 169. Bur. Reg., 191 ; biogr. sketch of, 268- 9. Poet ; his admiration of Chaucer, 269. Master of the Trinity House, 1662, Pepys's comment on this election, (May 26th), 284. Middleton. Bap. Reg., Charles, 158. Mar. Reg., Thomas, 164. Milbourne, Sir John, almshouses founded by, 292. Mills, Rev. Daniel, Rector St. O.H.S., 1657-1689, 251, 255 ; ledger stone, 121 ; ch. yard inscrip., 126. Bur. Reg., 192. Mills's first sermon after the plague, 214 ; day of special prayer for Mr. Mills's recovery from illness, 221 ; contribution towards rebuilding fund of St. Paul's Cath., 223; (1682), 235. S. Pepys and Mills, 255, 256. Sons of, Daniel, Bap. Reg., 157. Bur. Reg., Daniel, 190. Daniel, 192. Wife of, Mary, 191. Mills, William, monument to, 91. Mincing Lane, origin of name, 304. Monasteries. The Crossed Friars, Crutched Friars, 2, 252, 288-292, 293. The Abbey of Grace (East- minster Abbey) Little Tower Hill, 321, 348, 351, 354, 358. The Holy Trinity, Leadenhall Street, 288, 3=;2. Montague, Sir Edward. (afterwards Earl of Sandwich.) Pepys's kins- man and patron, 271, 272. Lord Sandwich's opinion of ghosts (June 15th), 284,. .310. Morley, Thomas, brass to, 74,.. 162. Bur. Reg., 173. " Mutuum," meaning of, 353. N Narborough, Sir John, 158. Navy Commissioners' House (The) in 1654, 189. Navy Office, The, in Crutched Friars and Seething Lane, 234, 235 ; description of, 293-295. Ill 426 INDEX. Navy Office, The, in Mark Lane, " Old Navy Office," 235, 295- 296. Navy Pew, The, in south gallery, St. Olave's, 36, ft. note p. 37, 103, 104. Nelson, Lord, 295. Nelthropp, John. Mar. Reg., 169. Neville, lion. & Rev. Latimer, 107. Newman, Abram, monument to (from A.H.S.), 134. Newton, John, ledger stone, 124. New River, The, 151. Nicholas (St.) ad Macellas (Shambles), benefice of, supposed to have been united to St. O.H.S., 241, explanation of this error, 242. Nicholas' (St.) Day, 365. Northbrook, Earl of, letter from, 104. Nones, Dr. Hector, 178. Northumberland House, 182, 183. Nurses for children kept by the parish, 235 ; fees to, " for schooling," 236. o Ogborne, Sir William, monument to, 115. Olaf (Olave) St., sketch of his life, 18-21. Healing of a cripple at Southwark, 21, 22. Churches in England dedicated to, 3 in City of London, i in Southwark, 18; church at York in 1055, 17. Olave (St.), Hart Street, The Church, its dimensions ; list of the 8 surviving London churches that escaped the Great Fire, 13 ; conjecture as to when a church was first erected in Hart Street, 18 ; present church, when built, 22 ; description of the architecture of, 23-28. Reparations of, 1633, 23; 1661, 29; 1713, 30; 1731, 1751, 1763, and 1777, 32. The Vestry of, 1662, 28 ; N. & S. galleries removed, 1854,33. Reparations of, 1861-1891, 33~37- Entrance to Navy Pew, on south side of the church, 36, ft. note, p. 37. Vestry order for repairs of the church, 227. Church and church services maintenance fund, App., 391-2. Hours of divine service in, App., 418. Olave, St., the parish of, first mentioned, how described, 1,2; boundaries of, in 1598, 2; present area, 6, 7. Municipal situation of, 7, 8. Resident population of, 9. Business pop., 10. Census (1552), 10; 1801 to 1891, App., 375. Tithes of, in i8th century, 245. Settlement, Act 1864, 247, 248. First rector of, whose name is recorded, 252. Union of St. O. U.S. and A. U.S., App., 400-407. Clergy, churchwardens, &c., of united parishes, 1894, App., 417. Olave (St.), Mile End New Town, E., church of, built 1875, and endowed by funds from St. O.H.S., 241. II.M. Order in Council, App., 407-409- Organs, St. O.H.S., 1508 and 1552, 62. Organs de- molished, 1644, 41. Re-introduced, Chapel Royal, Whitehall, 1660, 42. Pepys's intention in 1667 to jDresent organ to St. O.H.S., 42; present organ built, 1783, by Samuel Green, description of, 42, 43. Orgone, John and EUyne, brass to, 69. Bur. Reg., 175. Owen, Rev. H. Butts, D.D., Rector St. O.H.S., 1794-1837; monument to, 118; ledger stone, 121; statement by, of value of tithes, 1794, 244 ; sketch of career of, 258. Owen, Rev. Henry, M.D., Rector St. O.H.S., 1760-1794; sketch of career of, list of published works, 256-258. Parish Clerks, the first three mentioned in St. O.H.S Register, 172. Gift of Alms dish by James Hadley, P.C. , 45. Hadley's contribut. to rebuilding fund St. Paul's Cath. , 223. Princess Elizabeth's bounty to P.C. of A.H.S., ft. note, p. 306. J. Deane's journal, 1745-1766, 334. Lord Mansfield's opinion of journal, 335. Wages of P.C. of A.H.S., 360, 368, 369. Parochial Charities Act (London), 1883. Effect of this, on the united parishes St. O.H.S. and A.H.S., App., 390-392. Parish Estates, St. O.H.S., deeds relating to, 236. App., 385. A.H.S., App., 389. Parish Registers. Ordered in 1538 that a Reg. be kept in every parish in England, 1 39-141 ; origin of written P.Regs, of Baptisms, App., 376. St. O.H.S. Reg. dates from 1563, 142. A.H.S. Reg. from 1642, 334 ; system of taxation, 336, ft. note, p. 337. Parker, Ven. John. Mar. Reg., 163. Parliament, The, in 1664 the number of seamen and merchants in, 284 (March 23rd). Parrot, John. Benefaction, App., 387. Paul's. (St.) Cathedral. Brief for rebuilding, collection St. O.H.S., £(i2 9.f. !(/., 222-3. Chantries in (1547), ft. note 6, p. 56. Paul's (St.) Homerton, building fund supplied by A. H.S., 324. Peers, Sir. Charles. Mar. Reg., 170. Sword Stand St. O.H.S., 48; elected a member of the Vestry, 224. I'eil, Godfry. Mar. Reg., 169. Penn, George, his treatment by the Spanish Inquisition, 189. Bur Reg., 189. INDEX. 427 Penthoit, Thomas, formerly monument to, 64. Pettala, Barbara. Bur. Reg., 176. Pepys, Elizabeth, monument to, 88 ; sponsor at bap. of D. Mills, 157 ; returns to Seething Lane from Woolwich, 2nd December, 1665, 2U Bur. Reg., igo. Pepys, John. Bur. Reg., 191. Pepys, Samuel (1633-1703), biographical sketch of, 270-276 ; became a Parish- ioner St. O.H.S. 17th July, 1660, 272. His movements during the plague period, 198. Pepys's account of the plague, 199-214 ; the plague's entrance into St. O.H.S. recorded by, July 26th, 202. His opinion of Hadley's method of registration, 205 ; of Mills's first sermon afler the plague; 214. Pepys's first visit to St. Olave's after the plague (30th Jan.) 213. Pepys objects to the frequency of " Brief Collections," 218-9. His criticisms of the sermons of Mills (rector) 255-6. The Diary and the Mar. Reg. of St. Margaret's, West- minster, 271. His voyage in the Naseby, 1660, 271-2. The Great Fire, the Navy Office and an adjoining district escaped, 273. Presi- dent of the Royal Society, M'.P. for Harwich, 274 ; period comprised in Pepys's Diary, 274 ; history of the MS., 275 ; criticisms on Pepys and his diary by J. Russell Lowell, 104-107; by "Edinburgh Review," 276 ; pronunciations of the Name Pepys, 276 ; the burning of the Trin. House, Water Lane, 282 ; allusions by, to the Trin. House feasts, 284-5. Master of the Trinity House, 285 ; of the Clothworkers' Company, 301. Pepys at Sir Richard Stayner's funeral, 310. Intention in 1667 to present an Organ to St. O.H.S, 42. Pepys's monument, 100. The entry in Bur. Reg., 193. Pews. Vestry regulations relating to, 224 ; repair of, 227. Pitt, William, laid (1793) foundation stone of the present Trinity House, 283. Pilkington, Mary. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., 342. Plague. Five visitations of plague indicated in St. O.H.S. Reg. before 1665, 194-196. Strype's testimony concerning London Clergy, 196 (5). Reasons for printing Pepys's account of plague of 1665, 198. Pepys's account, 199-214. Thanks- giving collection at St. O. H. S. after deliverance from the plague, 218. Poor of London, The, in 1688, special collection St. O.H.S., ;^43 10^., made for, 222. Poor, The, and Parish Workhouse, 226. Pope, Harry. Bur. Reg., 179. Potter, Thomas, monument to, from A. H.S., 132. Poynt, Sir John. Mar. Reg. , 1 64. Preachers, on Trinity Mondays at St. O.H.S. before the Corporation of Trinity House, 281-2. In A.H.S., 1571, list of, 369-70. Pulpit, made by Gimley Gibbons, formerly in St. Benet's, (Jracechurch, removed to St. O.PI.S. in 1867, 41. R Radcliffe, Lady Anne, monument to, 82. Bur. Reg, 176. S.r John, monument to, 93. Bur. Reg., 173. Ramsey, Mary. The first fatal case of the PI., 1665, in St. O.H.S., 190. Rates of taxation on births, deaths, marriages, and on bachelors and widowers, 336 ; ft. note, p. 337. Rawson, Richard, D.D. , Rector St. O.H.S., 1510-1518. Theologian and Canonist, 252-3. Ray, Waller, monument to, from A. H.S. , 133. Relph, John, M.D. , monument to, 114. Rectors, St. O.H.S., list of, 249-251. A.H.S., 350. Reredos, St. O.H.S., 39, 40. Restoration, The (1660), thanksgiving collection ^^53 3.?. St. O.H.S., 221. Ritual, of a funeral St. O.H.S. (1557), 61. At A. H.S. change of, in Edw. VI reign, 358 ; counter change in Q. Mary's, 367-8. Riccard, Sir Andrew, brass to, 73; monument to, 97. Bur. Reg., 191. Rate book entries, 233, 234 ; patron St. O.H.S., 240; gave the Advowson to parish, 240-41. Pedigreesketch, App. ,382. Daughters of, Christian, 156, 168. Elizabeth, 187. Wife of, Katherine, 187. Widow of, 223. Roberts, Sir Owen, Clerk to the Clothworkers' Company, ft. note, p. 304. Robertson, David, monument to, no. Rose, Rev. John. A. H.S. posted the Bap. Reg., 1710-1794; his notes and observations, 334-336 ... 356. Rose Tavern, The, fatal gunpowder explosion, 4th Jan. 1650, 188. Russell, Ann ; ledger stone, 122. Rust, Mary and Elizabeth. Bap. Reg., 160. Ryder, Sir William. Bur. Reg., 181. Sanson, John ; ledger stone, 123. Sawle, Thomas ; formerly monument to, 64. Savage. Bap. Reg. William and Richard, 153. Viscount Savage, Bur. Reg., 185. James, 186, cf. 173. Charles and Ellen, 193. " Savage Gardens ;" how the name was derived, 153. Savoy, The ; why so called, 174. II I 2 428 INDEX. Schrader, George ; brass to, 72. Sedgwick, Elizabeth S. Bap. Reg., 159. Seething Lane ; in 1281, Sieuthenestrate, 4 ; former notable residents of, 5- Sharpe, Rev. Lancelot, Incumbent A.H.S., 356; monument to, from A.H.S., 137; churchyard inscrip., 331 ; wife of, Jane Mary, monument to, 135 ; churchyard inscrip., 329. Sharpe, Lancelot, monument to, from A.H.S., 136. Widow of, Sarah, 136. Shaw, Sir John. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 344. Shovell, Admiral Sir Cloudesley. Mar. Reg. A.H.S., 343; bap. of daughter of, Ann, 159 ; rate book entry, 236. Sidney, Sir Philip. 147-148 ; bap. of daughter of, Elizabeth, 147. Sidney, Lady Mary, 176, I77- Sign of the Sun, The, in Hart St., 151 (Feb. 9th), 152. Simbarbe, William. Bur. Reg., 177. Simpson, Rev. John, Rector, St. O.H.S., 1590-1633. Founder of the library of Sion College, 254. Bur. Reg., 185. Josias Simpson, Mary Simpson, 178. Sion College, London, 254 ; present site of Sion College, Victoria Embankment, ft. note, p. 254. Smith, Lady Ann. Bur. Reg., 191. Smith, Benjamin. Benefaction, App., 385. Smith, Joseph. "Judge Advocate H.M. Navy." Bur. Reg., 191. Smith, Rev. Samuel, Incumbent A.H.S., 355. Mar. Reg., 342. Bap. of Samuel, Son of, 340. Smyth, Alexr., monument to, from A.H.S., 135. "Snickler," Rev. Gyles. Mar. Reg., 162. Cf. Seyntcler, 1563*, 354. Somers-Smith, R.V. Clerk to the Grocers' Co., ft. note, p. 324. Spert, Sir, Thomas. First Master of Trin. House, 279. Spelling, examples of variety in spelling family names, 145, 268. Staining, suggested meaning of, 316. Staple, former meaning, present meaning of, 145. Stoddard, G., formerly monument to, 65. Stodder, Elizabeth. Bur. Reg., 182. St. Quintin, William. Bap. Reg., 161. Suckling, Sir John. Mar. Reg., 166. Sudbury, Viscount. 154,238. Benefaction, App., 383. 53« Bayning Pedigree sketch, 377. Superaltars, in A.H.S., 1520, 360. Sword Stands, meaning of, 46, ; four in St. O.H.S., 47, 48 j two given to other churches, 50. Tancred, Rev. Jordan, monument to, from A.H.S., 131. Thistlewood, John, monument to, from A. M.S., 134. Thornbury, Richard. Bur. Reg., 187. Thornhurst, Sir Steven. Mar. Reg., 165. Tithes, City of London, charge upon houses, in 1228, 3/. 4^/. in the £i, 243; in 1546, 2J. 9(/., 244; 22 & 23 Charles II. applied to parishes where the church was burnt in the Great Fire (1666), 245 ; other parishes arranged under Act of 1864, 247-8. App., 393-400. Totton, S.D., monument to, 118. Travers, Peter P., monument to, no; Mary, 116; Catherine, 117. Trench, Dr. Edmond, formerly monument to, A.H.S., 327. Bur. Reg. St. O.H.S., 190; A.H.S.,346. Bap. of Son of, 338- Trinity House, The, on Tower Hill, 278. Corporation founded at Deptford, 1514, 279. Statutes of 1836 and 1853, details of present work of the Corpora- tion, 280. Former London houses, Ratcliffe ; Water lane, 282. House on Tower Hill, des- cription of, 283. Pepys a guest at Trin. House feasts, 284. Evelyn, 285 ; list of Elder Brethren (1894) of, 286. Tropery, The New, a book given St. O.H.S. by Bosard (1404) 55. Tryon, Mary. Bap. Reg., 161. TuUoch, Robert, monument to, ill. Tunnard, Wm. Benefaction, App., 385. Turner, Peter, monument to, 80. Bur. Reg., 182. Turner, William, Dean of Wells, monument to, 79. Bur. Reg., 173; biographical sketch of, 262-265 ; *e " New Herball " of, 263-4 ; book on wines, 264-5 ; resident of Crutched Friars, 296. Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bp. of London, benefice of A.H.S., 1522, in the valuation of, 353- V Valois, Tussyn de. Bur. Reg., 174, 177. Vaughan, Sir Hamond, formerly monument to, 63. Verney, Edmonde. Mar. Reg., 164. Vestments, 55, 59, 358, 361. Vestry Clerks, list of, App., 415. Vestry Minute Books, 224-236., App., 416. INDEX. 429 Voluntary Contribution in 1798, for the defence of the Country, 'App., 416. Vincent, Rev. Thomas (1665), 197. W Wall, Tobias, monument to, 95. Watts, John, monument to, 119. Weldon, H., brass to, orig. in Lambe's Chapel, 332. Werder, L. de, monument to, 87. Bur. Reg., 184. Weston, Sir Harry. Mar. Reg., 163. Whittington, Sir Richard, reputed palace of, in Hart Street, 286-288. Whittington's College, 176. Williamson, John. Benefaction, App., 385. Windsor, Andrew. Benefaction, App., 384. Willis, Elizabeth, ledger stone, 125. Winter, William. Benefaction, App., 388. Wolstenholme, Sir John, 155, 186. Bap. Reg., John, 153. William, 155. Ann, 156. Mar. Reg. Catherine; Jone, 166. Bur. Reg., Katherme, 181. Lady Ann, 183. Katherine, 184. Elizabeth, 190. Bap. Reg. A.H.S., Henry, 340. Edward; William, 341. Bur. Reg., Mildred, 346. Pedigree sketch, App., 381. Benefaction, 383. Woode, Rev. David. Mar. Reg., 163. Wood, Rev. J. M., monument to, ill. Wrightson, L. , Antiquities found in Coopers' Row belonging to, II. Wyllender, P. Van, formerly monument to, 64. York, The Duke of, Master of the Trinity House, 1894, 281, 282, 286. Young, T. Pallister, LL.B. Antiquities found in Mark Lane belonging to, II, 12. Zouch, Dame Johane, formerly monument to, 64.