HEDLEY FITTON'S ETCHINGS L/BRARV ANNEX 2 ROBERT DUNTHORNE LONDON •^xei'^s CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BEQUEST WILLIAM P. CHAPMAN, Jr. Class of 1895 1947 Cornell University Library NE2210.F56A4 Illustrated catalogue of etchings. 3 1924 020 575 266 THE ETCHINGS OF HEDLEY FITTON, R.E. Tliree Hundred and Fifty copies of this Catalogue have been printed. This is No. ^'\ ^ fy Photo. Schinidi, Alatichcs/er. j^cULj^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924020575266 ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF ETCHINGS BY HEDLEY FITTON RE. WITH DESCRIPTIONS ^ ROBERT DUNTHORNE THE REMBRANDT GALLERY 5 VIGO ST. LONDON, AND 28 CASTLE ST. LIVERPOOL 191 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS HEDLEY FlTTON Rue Pirouette, Paris . S. Martin's Church, Trafalgar Square Rue de l'Hotel de Ville, Paris The Monument, London Flower Market, Florence The Two Mills Bargate, Southampton . Barge Builders, Limehouse The Horse Guards, London Pulteney Bridge, Bath The Rialto, Venice Juliet's House, Verona Winchester Cross Hever Castle, Kent London Bridge Via di Capaccio, Florence The Founder's Tomb, Winchester Cathedral Via DEI Girolami, Florence S. Jacopo, Florence S. Merri, Paris Frontispiece FACE PACK I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 iS 19 20 FACn I'AfiE Rue S. Romain, Rouen 21 S. Zaccaria, Venice 22 PoNTE Vecchio, Florence 23 S. Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield .... 24 John Knox's House, Edinburgh 25 Rue Barbette, Paris 26 Gateway, Glasgow University 27 The Rose Window, Notre Dame, Paris .... 28 S. Maclou, Rouen 29 S. Etienne, Beauvais 30 The Shrine of Edward the Confessor, Westminster . 3 1 Church of the Three Kings, S. Emilion, Guyenne . . 32 S. Hilaire, Poitiers 33 Pont St. Etienne, Limoges 34 St. Andrew's Castle, in the Kingdom of Fife . • • 35 RosLiN Chapel 36 ^^W /)7j6lco J^/alCj i/)A-€A^7^A'^^'^^> \)J. 'OM^i.fyi.yi^tAy ^/u. :^€^5%x/ u/i^u^. ^*M ( /f/'3 HEDLEY FITTON, R.E. Born at Manchester, 1857. Elected Member of the Royal Society of Painter Etchers, 1902, and Associate of the Socidtd National des Beaux Arts, 1910. Gold Medal of the Socidt^ des Artistes Frangais, 1907. The etchings, "Rue de I'Hotel deVille" and " Ponte Vecchio," were selected from the Paris Salon, 1908, for the permanent collection at the Petit Palais. RUE PIROUETTE, PARIS The district in which the Rue Pirouette and the Halles Centrals lie is one of the oldest and most historic in Paris. A chapel was here dedicated to S. Michael at a very early date, the precursor of a church dedicated to the Holy Innocents built under Louis le Gros (1108-1137). Philip Auguste (1180-1223), who did so much for Paris, surrounded the cemetery with walls, and under Philip le Hardi (i270-i285)sprangup thefamous Marche aux Innocents, the resort of fashion for years. All this interesting quarter was cleared away to give place to the huge Halles Centrals in 1858, and with it many of the old streets around, amongst them Rue de la Tixeranderie which, like the Rue Pirouette, has furnished Meryon with the subject of an etching. In this last are still many curious old houses. It is said to owe its name to the pillory which once stood there, because when convicts sentenced to that punishment were turned round, they were said, in vulgar language to ' faire pirouette.' Size, 15} in. by 8^ in. 1903. S. MARTIN'S CHURCH The Church of S. Martin-in-the-Fields is called after S. Martin, Bishop of Tours, and " in the fields," like its sister Church S. Giles, through being outside the city proper. It was built by James Gibbs, the architectof the Radcliffe Library, Oxford, in 1 72 1, on the site of the earlier church, which was not large enough. Above the Corinthian columns of the portico are seen the Royal arms, beneath which is a Latin inscription, relating to the founda- tion of the church. In the early Georgian era, when the Strand was inhabited by the highest titled families, it had a very fashionable congregation. Many well- known people are buried here, amongst them Nell Gwyn. Size, 12^ in. by 8i in. 1903. RUE DE L'HOTEL DE VILLE, PARIS The district east of the Hotel de Ville, Paris, is one in which many interesting old houses are still to be found, and in the Rue de I'Hdtel de Ville, at the corner where the Rue du Figuier crosses it, is the Hotel de Sens, the only speci- men left in Paris, except the Hotel de Cluny, of a fifteenth century private house. This hotel belonged to the Archbishops of Sens, when they were metropolitans of Paris, in the days when it was a simple bishopric. They deserted their hotel in 1622 when the city was raised to an archbishopric, but it was not till the Revolution that they were dispossessed as proprietors. Archbishop Tristran de Salazar rebuilt the hotel (seen on the left of the etch- ing) between 1474 and 1519. Many interesting people have lived here. Marguerite de Valois amongst others, when, after her divorce, she left Auvergne and obtained the king's permission to live in Paris. Size, 19^ in. by I2f in. 1903. THE MONUMENT. LONDON The Monument, built in commemoration of the Great Fire, by Wren, was erected in 1671-77 on Fish Street Hill, which was then the direct thoroughfare to London Bridge. Its height is said to represent its distance from the house in Pudding Lane in which the fire broke out. A little further down Fish Street Hill is the Church of S. Magnus the Martyr, rebuilt by Wren after the old one was burnt down. It stood almost at the foot of old London Bridge, which was 60 yards lower down the river than the present one. Size, I3|- in. by 8-J in. 1903. FLOWER MARKET. FLORENCE. The Mercato Nuovo in Florence, now used for the sale of flowers, straw, and woollen wares, was once the principal mart for gold and silver, and no one was then allowed to carry arms within its precincts, nor could they be arrested for debt. The Loggia was built by Battista del Tosso, for Cosimo I in 1547. Its niches have been recently filled with statues of famous Florentines. On one side is a fountain with a bronze boar, copied from an ancient marble one in the Uffizi, by Tacca, a pupil of Giovanni da Bologna. The part of the city round the Mercato Nuovo was that in which the Caval- canti had their palaces, and the house of one branch of the family who left the magnates and joined the people still stands, marked by the cross of the people. Size, 13^ in. by 9 in. 1904. THE TWO MILLS The subject of "The Two Mills" is near the coast of Kent and in the neighbourhood of Rochester. These mills, in close proximity, with buildings scattered about, suggested the com- position as a whole. Such subjects were formerly as common in the south-eastern parts of England as they are abundant about the canals and within the cities and villages of the Netherlands at the present day, where wind-power is still in ordinary use, and picturesque structures like these lift themselves above the lines of roof and chimney of every riverside port. Size, I2| in. by 17J in. 1904. BARGATE, SOUTHAMPTON The Bargate, Southampton, is a relic of the ancient fortifications of the town, this being the north city gate. It was erected in the eleventh century, and though there have been several alterations to the structure, the old archway still remains. Above it is the Guild- hall, used as a Court of Justice for the Petty Sessions of the borough. The north side — from which the etching is done — is very im- posing with its battlements carried forward on large corbels, and a pair of boldly designed buttresses on either side of the gateway, above which is a band of panels with heraldry, and a central loophole, flanked with two narrow slits. On the buttresses formerly two rude paintings of Sir Bevis of Hampton and his giant esquire Ascupart, stood as sentinels. They were repainted in the time of Charles II, and are now preserved in the Guildhall above. Sir Bevis was a doughty knight, sold into slavery when a child by a cruel mother. He came to the court of the King of Armenia and among other deeds overcame the giant Ascupart in single combat, and fought against the Saracens. He finally married the daughter of the King of Armenia, and regained his patrimony in England. Size, i6 in. by 12^ in. 1904. BARGE BUILDERS. LIMEHOUSE Limehouse lies on the north of the Thames and east of Wapping, and is one of the most thickly populated and poor districts in London. There are still some quaint old riverside landing-stages and taverns left, however. The entrance to the Regent's Canal from the river is here. Size, I3i in. by 9| in. 1905. .A.A..^i.:i^^.;uim THE HORSE GUARDS. LONDON The Horse Guards, the archway under which forms the entrance to S. James' Park from Whitehall, owes its name to the fact that it was once used as a guard house to the Palace of Whitehall opposite, the troops being constantly on guard here " to watch and restrain the prentices from overawing Parliament." The present building, one of the best Palladian designs of the eighteenth century, was erected in 1753 by John Vardy, after a design by William Kent, on the site of an old tilt yard, part of which is now the parade ground. The etching shows the front facing Whitehall. Size, 171 in. by 13I in. 1905. PULTENEY BRIDGE, BATH Pulteney Bridge was built about 1770, and consists of three high arches of equal span. Above there is a plinth, upon the upper mouldings of which stand the columns and pilasters belonging to the shops with which the bridge is flanked. It was built by Robert Adam (1728-1792), the most famous of the four brothers, from whom the Adelphi (which they built in London) takes its name, and who made great reputations by their furni- ture as well as classical architecture. The bridge was built for William Johnstone Pulteney, to connect his estates on the east side of the Avon with the city. He took the name of Pulteney, which was also given to the bridge, on his wife, a cousin of the statesman William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (d. 1764), succeeding to the valu- able Bath estates in 1767. Size, 17 in. by 13 in. 1905. 10 THE RIALTO, VENICE Until 1854 the Rialto was the only bridge over the Grand Canal uniting the east and west quarters of Venice. It takes its name from the land on the left of the canal, and it is to the quarter (then the centre of com- merce), not the bridge, that Shylock refers in the " Merchant of Venice." There was a bridge of wood here, built in the twelfth century, before, in the sixteenth, all the great architects of the period contended for the honour of designing a new bridge. Antonio da Ponte obtained the prize, and in 1588 commenced the present bridge. It consists of a single marble arch, and is flanked with shops. The Campanile of S. Bartolommeo is seen to the right in the etching. Size, 14^- in. by 13 in. 1905. II JULIET'S HOUSE. VERONA An old mediaeval house in the Via Cappello, bears this motto over the door: " These were the houses Of the Capulets, From whence sprang Juliet For whom So many gentle hearts have wept And poets have sung. The Capulets probably did live here, but the only historical foundation to the tale of the " Star cross'd lovers," which Shakespeare has immortalized, is the enmity of the family with the Montagues. The tragedy is a very ancient one, to which the Veronese have put the date 1303. Shakespeare took the plot of his play from the story as given by Luigi di Porto, a novelist of the sixteenth century. The etching shows the courtyard of the so-called Juliet's house, very characteristic of Verona with its well; it has now come down to the unromantic use of a stable for carriers and their vans. Size, 14^ in. by g} in. 1905. 12 WINCHESTER CROSS The City Cross, Winchester, standing in the High Street, was erected in the fifteenth century, during the reign of Henry VI, by the Fraternity of the Holy Cross, on the site of an earlier market cross. It was restored by Gilbert Scott in 1865. On the four sides of the cross are statues representing William of Wykeham, founder of Winchester School and New College, Oxford, with the models of his colleges and pastoral staff (this is the side seen in the etch- ing); Florence de Anne, Mayor of Win- chester; King Alfred the Great; and the Martyr S. Laurence. In the top niches there are also figures of SS. Thomas, Maurice, John, Peter, Laurence, Bartho- lomew, Swithun, and the Virgin. Size, 19I in. by 12^ in. 1905. 13 HEVER CASTLE, KENT Hever Castle was bought from Sir Wil- liam Hevre of Hevre, by Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, mercer, Lord Mayor of London in the time of Henry VI, who began the present building. It was completed by his grandson. Sir Thomas, father of Anne Boleyn, and afterwards Earl of Wiltshire. Here Anne Boleyn was perhaps born, and certainly educated, and here also she was courted by Henry VIII. The castle was seized by the king on the death of the Earl of Wiltshire, and given for life to the unfortunate Anne of Cleves. It is surrounded by a double moat, fed from the Eden, and on the south front is a gatehouse with two portcullises. Size, 13 j in. by 8J- in. 1906. 14 LONDON BRIDGE The present bridge was designed by John Rennie, a Scottish engineer, and his sons Sir John and George Rennie, and completed in 1831. The lamp-posts on it are cast from the metal of French cannon captured in the Peninsular War. To the right of the subject is the spire of S. Margaret Pattens, Fenchurch Street, built by- Wren. Further west can be seen the beautiful steeple of S. Magnus the Martyr, built by the same architect in 1676, and notable as the burial- place of Miles Coverdale, the great reformer, once a rector there. Just beyond is the Monument, and to the left of the etching is the pillared front of Fishmongers' Hall, built in 1831, on the site of an older building. Size, 14J in. by 15I in. 1906. IS VIA DI CAPACCIO, FLORENCE The name Capaccio is supposed to be derived either from Capo d'Acqua, " a fountain or spring," or " Campo di Paccio," " the field of Paccio," the name of the owner of some land on part of which was once one of the most important churches in the city, S. Maria Sopra Porta. The steps seen on the right in the etching lead to the back entrance of the residence of the Guild of Silk, built by Giorgio Vasari in 1587, the other side of the building being in the Mercato Nuovo. Size, 14^ in. by 7| in. 1906. 16 CHESTER CATHEDRAL The Chantry of William of Wykeham in Win- chester Cathedral, which occupies the space between two piers of the south side of the nave, is one of the best specimens remaining in England of an Early Perpendicular monu- mental chapel, and was fortunately saved at the time of the Civil War, through a Parlia- mentary colonel, Nathaniel Fiennes, being an old Wykehamist. The members of the great bishop's two foundations, New College and St. Mary Winton, Winchester, keep the tomb in repair, and lately some old Wykehamists erected the statues, done by Frampton, in memory of the 500th anniversary of the college foundation. William of Wykeham was buried in the chapel — to which he refers in his will — in 1404; he had built it on the site of an altar dedicated to the Virgin, where he used to attend mass when a boy at school. Size, i/i in. by i if in. 1906. 17 VIA DEI GIROLAMI, FLORENCE The Via dei Girolami was formerly called ' Via delle Volte de Castellani,' because the old houses and palaces of this important Florentine family stood over the arches forming this street. To- wards the end of the fifteenth century (about 1495) the houses of the Castellani were pur- chased by the Girolami family, which also owned a palace and tower in Via dei Lambertischi. From that time the street took the name of ' Volta {i.e., arch) dei Girolami,' which was subse- quently transformed to ' Via dei Girolami.' Size, 12J in. by 11 in. 1907. 18 S. JACOPO. FLORENCE The part of Florence lying on the left bank of the Arno did not originally be- long to the city itself, but in the begin- ning of the thirteenth century, a few rich and noble families settled in it, and several of the narrow streets still retain their mediaeval characteristics. In the Borgo San Jacopo especially there are some fine old towers, and the church of San Jacopo Sopr' Arno, one of the twelve oldest in Florence. It was rebuilt in 1 580, however, except the fine eleventh cen- tury Tuscan Romanesque portico, con- sisting of three bays with black marble columns (to be seen on the right of the etching). In this church in 1293, the nobles, under Berto Frescobaldi, assem- bled and determined to resort to arms, rather than submit to a decree which excluded them from a share in the government. Size, 14^1 in. by 9^ in. 1907. 19 S. MERRI, PARIS The Church of S. Merri, in the Rue S. Martin, belonging to the Flamboyant Gothic period, was commenced under Francis I in 1520, and finished only in 1612. It is so surrounded by high houses that of its exterior only the portal with two little lateral entrances can be seen, which is remarkable for the grace of its details. The statues in the niches round the porch were placed there under Louis Philippe. During the Revolution this church was the Temple of Commerce, and in the riots on the 5th and 6th of June 1832, its cloister was the theatre of a long and terrible struggle by the in- surgents against the royal troops. Size, 17 in. by loj in. 1907. 20 RUE S. ROMAIN. ROUEN Much of old Rouen has disappeared of late years, to give place to the wide streets of the Manchester of France, but there are some quarters in the city in which Jeanne d'Arc was tried and executed which can have changed little since her days. On the north side of the cathedral, the Rue S. Romain, which bears the name of the city's patron saint is a very characteristic one of the old thoroughfares. From Nos. 8 to 14 are the old canons lodgings where most of Jeanne's judges lived. The turrets seen in the etching on the right belong to the archbishop's palace, and in the private chapel belonging to this the council was held, which, by its approval of the twelve Articles of Accusation against Jeanne d'Arc, pronounced her death warrant in 1431- Size, 17 in. by lOi in. 1908. 21 S. ZACCARIA, VENICE The church of S. Zaccaria belonged to a large and important Benedictine nunnery, founded at a very early date, and in which many of the daughters of the noblest Venetian houses were enrolled. Every year at Easter the church was visited with a solemn procession by the Doge, in gratitude to the nuns, who had given up part of their garden to the public. Almost all the Doges from 837 to 1172 were buried in the church. The beautiful early Gothic gateway in the etching belonged formerly to the nunnery. The relief in the tympanum of the Virgin be- tween S. John the Baptist (son of S. Zaccaria) and S. Mark the Evangelist is by the Massegne. On the finial of the doorway is S. Zaccaria blessing. Size, 13 in. by 11 in. 1908. 22 PONTE VECCHIO, FLORENCE One of the most characteristic bits of old Florence still remaining is the Ponte Vecchio. The present bridge, the oldest and most pic- turesque in the city, was built in 1362 by Taddeo Gaddi, and, except for the open loggia in the middle is covered with shops; these were originally occupied by the butchers ; but, in the middle of the sixteenth century, Cosimo I dismissed them and established the goldsmiths in their place. Vasari used the shops on the east side of the bridge as a sup- port for the corridor he built for Cosimo to connect the two Grand Ducal Palaces, the Uffizi and the Pitti. Size, 13 in. by 12 in. 1908. V Li^\M^ ^.Lv>A S. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT, SMITHFIELD The Smithfield Gateway, leading to the celebrated old City church of St. Bartho- lomew the Great, is the only example that London now possesses of early thirteenth-century work. It fortunately escaped destruction when, in i539,Henry VIII suppressed the monastery and de- stroyed the whole of the nave of the church at the same time. Many famous things have happened before the old gateway, not the least, the meeting in 1 38 1 of Richard II and Wat Tyler, which ended in the death of the latter. Public executions took place here before Tyburn became the chosen place for them. Size, 7^ in. by 12 in. 1909. 24 J ^ _/[ HAWTYBS-raR-THE-Fi^TM i'4Et.CbUR(^ JOHN KNOX'S HOUSE. EDINBURGH John Knox, the celebrated Scottish re- former and statesman, was born at Had- dington in 1505. His zeal for reform kept him exiled from his country for some time, and it was not until 1559 that he finally returned to Edinburgh, to give most of his time to arranging the Presbyterian Church in Scotland. His house, not far from S. Giles, where he so often preached, assigned to him by the provost and town council of Edinburgh, is still one of the prominent features of the High Street. He lived here till his death in 1572. Size, I If in. by 16 in. 1909. 25 RUE BARBETTE, PARIS The Hotel Barbette, one of the famous hotels of the old French nobility in Paris, belonged originally to the Bar- bettes, a distinguished family in the thir- teenth century. In 1403 it was sold to Isabella of Bavaria, consort of Charles VI, who generally lived here during her husband's fits of insanity. It was coming away from this place that the Duke of Orleans, who had taken supper with the Queen, was treacherously murdered by his enemy, Jean Sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, in the year 1407. The hotel was taken down in 1561, and the Rue Barbette has since been opened on the spot where it formerly stood. Size, 7J in. by 14 in. 1909. 26 GATEWAY, GLASGOW UNI- VERSITY Glasgow University was founded in 1450, and in 1632, under Principal Strange, was rebuilt. Owing to rapid increase of popu- lation and the overcrowding in the last two centuries, these buildings no longer occupy their quarters in the district of Blackfriars. The new buildings, of which Sir Gilbert Scott was the architect, were opened on Gilmourhill in 1870. An Act of Parlia- ment, authorizing the sale of the old stone buildings in Blackfriars, contained a clause reserving to the University a right of pro- perty in all the carved stones in the old college front, and this work was used in erecting at the north-east entrance of the grounds a building, the gateway of which, with a glimpse of the new University beyond, is the subject of this etching. Size, 9f in. by 17 in. 1909. 2; THE ROSE WINDOW. NOTRE DAME. PARIS Much of the history of Paris centres round its Cathedral of Notre Dame, formerly the royal church. It was one of the first of the early French Gothic buildings erected in France, and served as a model for many others afterwards; the great height aimed at in this style of archi- tecture is seen in the nave. The first stone was laid, on the site of a church of the fourth cen- tury, in 1163, by Tope Alexander III, then a refugee in PVance; it was consecrated in 1182, but the west front was not finished till the thir- teenth century. The Cathedral suffered much in the Revolution, when it became the Temple of Reason, but the three rose windows still retain their original glass. That in the west facade is dedicated to the glory of the Virgin, who sits bearing the Child on her left arm; round about are ranged the twelve prophets who predicted the glory of the Virgin and her Son, and in the outer circle the signs of the Zodiac, the labours of the months, and the Virtues conquering the Vices. The Central portal below the " Porte du Jugement" is the one beneath which most of the Royal marriages have taken place. Size, 17 in. by 27 in. 1909. 28 S. MACLOU, ROUEN The saint Maclou was a Scotsman who fled to Brittany and died at Saintonge in 561. Since the tenth century there had been a shrine erected to his memory outside the walls of Rouen, which in 1250 became a parish church within the walls. The present building was finished in 1470, and is a fine specimen of flamboyant, having most of its beauties of style and few of its faults. The west front especially is a triumph of this style of architecture, convex in plan, with a curved range of five great arches with traceried gables. The gabled arches increase in height and breadth from side to centre, and the whole effect suggests one great spreading porch of five bays, though only the three middle arches have doorways. Size, I2|- in. by lyf in. 1909. 29 S. ETIENNE, BEAUVAIS The Church of S. Etienne, Beauvais, is a very interesting one, with a nave of Romanesque and Gothic styles, and a much loftier choir, built in the fifteenth century. In 1598, some time after the choir was finished, the twelfth century central steeple was taken away and re- placed by the great Gothic tower which now stands; the toothing on the side of it shows that there was a project of re- constructing the nave in the style of the choir and tower. The belfry on the top of the tower was put up in 1674. Size, lo-J in. by 17I in. 1910. 30 THE SHRINE OF EDWARD THE CON- FESSOR, WESTMINSTER. Behind the High Altar in Westminster Abbey is the shrine of Edward the Confessor (d. 1066), surrounded by the tombs of several other kings and queens of England. In the etching on the right behind the shrine can be seen the tomb of Edward III (d. 1377), then the chantry chapel of Henry V (d. 1422), and on the left the tombs of Edward I's wife, Eleanor (d. 1290), and Henry VII (d. 1 507). Edward the Confessor founded Westminster Abbey on the site of an older church, but there have been many additions to his work since. It was Henry III who built the part of the building in which the Confessor is buried, and had the beautiful shrine made, of which only the base, of Purbeck marble, now remains. The recesses in this were for sick people, who were laid here to be cured during the night by the saint. Edward was canonized in 1 163. Size, i8| in. by 14 J in. 19 10. it CHURCH OF THE THREE KINGS. S. EMILION. GUYENNE The Monolithic Church of S. Emilion was built in the thirteenth century, over the cave of tlie saint who died in T^J., and is a gem of early French-pointed architecture. The portico con- sists of a double door under one relieving arch of three orders, one sculptured in early Flam- boyant foliage and the other two containing niches filled with saints. In the tympanum of the door is a large figure of Our Lord seated in majesty among adoring angels. The whole portico is inclosed in a gable in which is a circle, carved in the solid stone, containing a painting, apparently of the sun. Size, 13J in. by \2\ in. 1910. 33 S. HILAIRE. POITIERS The Church of S. Hilaire stands on the site of an oratory built over the tomb of the sainted Hilaire, first bishop of Poitiers in the fourth century, replaced in the sixth century by a larger church, which in its turn gave place to the present magnificent collegiate edifice,built during the tenth and twelfth centuries. Its nave of seven aisles, and choir surrounded by four polygonal chapels, are almost unique in France, and the effect of its endless interlacing pillars and arches is most picturesque. The choir is much higher than the nave, and approached by thir- teen steps on either side; underneath it is an oratory containing the relics of S. Hilaire. Size, 8^ in. by 13! in. 1910. 33 PONT S. ETIENNE. LIMOGES I>imoges, which rises in the form of an amphitheatre from the right bank of the Vienne, is a very ancient city. The Romans moved it to its present position, building a fortress where the Cathedral now stands. Then S. Martial came and preached Christianity, and a second town arose which was surrounded by walls and fortified in the twelfth century. For many years the towns remained quite separate, the cite under the jurisdiction of the bishops, and the ville ruled by the Viscounts of Limoges. From the thirteenth century Pont S. Etienne, with its eight Gothic arches, there is a fine view of the city in which the towers of the old parish churches of S. Michel and S. Pierre and the Cathedral are conspicuous. This last, consecrated like the bridge to S. Etienne, is built of granite and is a beautiful example of the Gothic of the north of France. The greater part of the cathedral was built in the thirteenth and four- teenth centuries. The octagonal spire, partly Romanesque and partly Gothic, rises in three stages from a square and massive lower story, and is surmounted by turrets. The building seen in front of S. Etienne in the etching is the Great Seminary, and its gardens, on the left, join those belonging to the Bishop's palace, in which Balzac lays one of his finest scenes in ' Le Cur6 du Village.' Size, i6f in. by 13 J in. 191 1. 34 ST. ANDREW'S CASTLE IN THE KINGDOM OF FIFE The Castle of St. Andrew's was built at the begin- ning of the thirteenth century by Roger, one of the bishops of that place, as a residence for himself and his successors in office, and was strongly fortified. It fell, however, several times into the hands of the English, and was demolished in 1337 by the Scottish Regent, to avoid this happening again. Bishop Trail rebuilt the Castle at the close of the fourteenth cen- tury, and Archbishop Hamilton, after the murder of Cardinal Beaton in 1546. It was used intermit- tently as the episcopal residence until the Civil Wars, when it became uninhabitable. James III of Scotland was born here in 145 1. The Cathedral (of which the ruins are seen in the distance) was founded by Arnold, Bishop of St. Andrew's, in 11 59, and finished in 13 18, Robert Bruce being present at its consecration. Its ruin was occasioned by a sermon preached by John Knox against idolatry in 1559, when it was torn down by the mob in a single day. The tall, Romanesque tower of the Chapel of St. Regilus is seen by the side of the Cathedral. This is supposed to have been erected in the tenth century. Size, III in. by lof in. 191 1. 3$ ROSLIN CHAPEL NEAR EDINBURGH Roslin Chapel is one of the most highly decor- ated specimens of Gothic architecture in Scot- land. It was founded in 1446 by William S. Clair, third Earl of Orkney, and was intended to be the choir of a collegiate church, of which the nave and chancel, however, were never added. The part in which the High Altar stands is built one step higher than the rest of the building, and is divided from it by three pillars (facing three smaller ones against the East wall). That standing at the S.E. corner of the chapel, seen in the etching near the entrance to the oratory, is the famous 'prentice pillar, with dragons chained together sculptured on the base, and between that and the capital four different wreaths of flowers and foliage of marvel- lous delicacy. The story goes of this pillar, that a model having been sent from Rome for it to be copied from, the master mason, thinking he could not work the design without first seeing the original, went to Rome to do so. Meanwhile one of his apprentices undertook the task, and with such success that the master on his return, inflamed with envy, slew him. Size, I iV by 17 in. 191 1. 36 CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.